Review

Auditing I
The Demand for Audit
and Assurance
Services Chapter 1
Assurance, Attestation, and
Nonassurance Services
ASSURANCE SERVICES

ATTESTATION SERVICES
Audits Reviews
Certain
Other Attestation Services Management
(e.g., WebTrust, SysTrust) Consulting

Other Assurance Services

(e.g., CPA Performance View)
Assurance, Attestation, and
Nonassurance Services
NONASSURANCE SERVICES

Other Management
Consulting
Certain
Accounting and
Management
Bookkeeping
Consulting

Tax
Services
 Nature of Auditing

Auditing adalah akumulasi dan

proses evaluasi bukti
informasi untuk menentukan dan
melaporkan tingkat
korespondensi antara
informasi dan kriteria yang dibangun.

Auditing harus dilakukan oleh

orang yang memiliki independensi
dan kompetensi yang tinggi.
 Tipe-tipe Audit

Financial Statement Audit

Operational Audit

Efficiency Effectiveness

Compliance Audit
 The CPA
Profession
Chapter 2
 Activities of CPA Firms

Accounting
and
Bookkeeping
Services Tax
Services Management
Consulting
Services
 Relationships

Quality control Generally accepted

standards auditing standards

Division of Peer
CPA firms review
 Audit
Reports

Chapter 3
Bagian dari Laporan Audit
Bentuk Baku (Unqualified)
1. Report title
2. Audit report address
3. Introductory paragraph
4. Scope paragraph
5. Opinion paragraph
6. Name of CPA firm
7. Audit report date
 Four Categories
of Audit Reports

Standard unqualified Qualified

Unqualified with
explanatory paragraph Adverse or disclaimer
or modified wording
Jumlah Paragraf dalam Laporan
Audit

Standard 3
Unqualified with explanatory paragraph 4
Unqualified shared report with other auditors 3
Qualified – opinion only 4
Qualified – scope and opinion 4
Disclaimer – scope limitation 3
Adverse 4
 Professional
Ethics

Chapter 4
 Contoh 6 Prinsip Etika

Trustworthiness Fairness

Respect Caring

Responsibility Citizenship
 Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

1. Dapatkan dan kumpulkan fakta yang relevan

2. Identifikasi isu-isu etika dari fakta

3.Tentukan siapa yang terkena dampaknya.

Resolving Ethical Dilemmas

4. Identifikasi alternatif yang tersedia.

5. Identifikasi konsekuensi
yang mungkin diterima

6.Pilihlah tindakan yang sesuai.

 Legal
Liability

Chapter 5
Business Failure, Audit
Failure, and Audit Risk

Audit
Business
Failure
Failure

Audit
Risk
 Business Failure, Audit
Failure, and Audit Risk

Business failure
Hal ini terjadi disebabkan karena
peminjam tidak dapat mengembalikan
uang pinjamannya dan karena risiko
lainnya seperti krisis ekonomi
Business Failure, Audit
Failure, and Audit Risk

Audit failure

Gagal menerapkan GAAS

 Business Failure, Audit
Failure, and Audit Risk

Audit risk
Risiko yang akan dan selalu dihadapi
oleh auditor dalam menjalankan auditnya.
 Major Sources of
Auditor’s Legal Liability

Federal
Client
securities laws

Criminal
Third party
liability
 Audit
Responsibilities
and Objectives
Chapter 6
 Objective of Conducting an
Audit of Financial Statements

The primary objective of the audit

is to express an opinion on the
financial statements.
(Pernyataan opini atas laporan keuangan)
 Auditor’s Responsibilities

Kesalahan Penyajian Material vs Non-M

Tingkat keyakinan yang memadai
Errors versus fraud
Skeptisme Profesional (Kritis)
 Relationships Among
Transaction Cycles
General
cash

Capital acquisition
and repayment cycle
Sales and Acquisition Payroll and
collection and payment personnel
cycle cycle cycle
Inventory and
warehousing
cycle
 Four Phases of an Audit

Perform analytical
Plan and design procedures and
Phase I Phase III
an audit approach. tests of details
of balances.

Perform tests of
Complete the
controls and
Phase II Phase IV audit and issue
substantive tests
an audit report.
of transactions.
Bukti Audit

Chapter 7
 Audit Evidence Decisions

1. Prosedur audit yang mana yang digunakan

2. Apa ukuran sampel yang mendasarinya
3. Item-item mana saja yang akan dipilih
4. Kapan melakukan prosedur itu
Types of Audit Evidence

1. Physical examination √
2. Confirmation
3. Documentation
4. Observation ∼
5. Inquiries of the client ∼
6. Reperformance √
7. Analytical procedures ∼
Types of Supporting Schedules

Analysis
Trial balance
Reconciliation of amounts
Tests of reasonableness
Summary of procedures
Examination of supporting documents
Informational
Outside documentation
The End of This Review