) (STAR

) (EPA

USING HOT TAPS FOR IN SERVICE PIPELINE

CONNECTIONS
) (hot taps

.
.
.

) ( ) (Hot Tapping
.
. .

. ) (STAR
) (.
) (STAR
. .
.

) (

)
/(

)/(

)(

)(

)(

)/ (

)(

) ( ) (.
) ( / .
) ( .
) ( .

" " " " ) (EPA

" " ) (BMPs )(PROs
.Natural Gas STAR

)(




.


.
) (

. .
. .

. .
.
.
.
.
).(Stoppels


.

.
):(
.
.


.
.

) (
""

.
""
.
.

)
( .


).(butterfly valve

IPSCO :


. :
.
)( ) (
)( .

. .
.
.

.
.

.
.
.


.



.

.

: )(T.D. Williams.Inc

.
.
.


.

:

- .
.
.
- .
.
.
.



:
) :( .
)
( ) (
. .
) / (
. .
.
. .
.
. .
. .


. " "
. .
:

) :( .
.
""
. .
""

. .

) (Nelson
)
( .
:
.

/ .

) .(
) ( .
.

. ) ( ) ( .
.
.



) (STAR .
) (.
: .
. .
.
. ) (.


.
. ) (
.

) (Nelson
)
( .
:
.

/ .

.
. .
.
.
.
. .

.
) ( .
.
.
.


:
:
D

= )(.

= )( .

= )( .

= (Psia Psig (.

= Ppgas )/ ( / (.
Pg

= )/ ( / .

Ce

= )(.

Cp

= .

Cs

= )(.

Cf

= )(.

= )(.

= A ) (= D2 = ft2 D2 *
in2
*

= Vp ) ( = MCF L * A
ft3

= Vpgas = ) Vp + % + (

= Cpgas = Ppgas Vpgas

= Vg ) Vg : (=
= Vg :

* P * D2

)Vg ( = P T2 )/(

= Cg )( = Pg Vg

= Ce )(.

= Cp )(.

= Cs )(.

= Cf )(.

= Ci )( = Cf + Cs + Cp + Ce

= Ctotal )( = Ci + Cpgas + Cg.
: .


:

:

)(

) (

)) ((

)(

) (
) ( = Vg

* P * D2

) Vg ( =

* *

Vg

Vg

) ( = Vpgas

)(

L * D2
) Vpgas ( =

* *

Vpgas

Vpgas

) ( : ) (

= Ppgas * Vpgas + Pg * Vg = Cpgas + Cg

= / ) + / (.

= .

) ( .
) ( = .
) ( .
) ( .



. .

.
.
) (.

.
) ( .
. ""
) ( .
"" .
.
.
.
) ( .
.
.
) ( .
.

.
.
.
. .
.


.
) ( .
.
.

)(

)> (

)< (

)(

)(

)/(

)(

. .
.
: .
.

) (
) .( ) (
. ) (
. ) ( .
) ( .
.

:
:
:
)(
:
)(
) (
=
= ) (.
:
= =
= = .
= =
)(

) ( ).(

: . ) (
.

) ( .
.

)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(

.
.
/ )( / .

% .

.

: . ) (
.
/ .
:
. . ) .(

.
).(



. ) (
.
.
.

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

) (

)(

)(
%

.
.

)(

)(% = I



.
.

.

. .

.
. :
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

. .
.
.
.

.
) B31.8
.(49 CER 192 D12750
) (STAR .

. .
/ / .
. / .
. B31 . B31.8
: . .
: . .
:
: .
: .
: .
: .
: . .
. " //
.
: . .
: .
: .
: .
: .
: ) (STAR .
(49 CER 192) )( " :
.


:
: .
.
/ .
)(weldolet )(threadolet .
. ) / (
. .

- ""
) /(

-
) (


- )(
) (

.
.
.
= + /.
.
.

. .
) (.

1EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation (6202J)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20460
EPA xxx
xxx 2006

1EPA


( )


EPA xxx
xxx