2012/2013 G53NMD_GROUP4

G53NMD Group Coursework

Group 4

YUAN Kun itxky2@nottingham.ac.uk YIN WENLIANG itxwy3@nottingham.ac.uk Chunxiao Ni psxcn1@nottingham.ac.uk Edrick Satya psyes@nottingham.ac.uk Valentina Rusan psxvr1@nottingham.ac.uk Jun Wei psyjw2@nottingham.ac.uk

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Table of Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Team membership, skills, knowledge ...................................................................................... 4 Identifying the user base .............................................................................................................. 5 Critique of existing websites ........................................................................................................ 6 Three initial concepts .................................................................................................................... 11 First concept.............................................................................................................................. 11 Second concept ......................................................................................................................... 13 Third concept ............................................................................................................................ 15

Justification for selection of a single concept ...................................................................... 17 Description and justification of final design ......................................................................... 19 Home page ................................................................................................................................ 20 Story page ................................................................................................................................. 20 Favourites page ......................................................................................................................... 21 Author page .............................................................................................................................. 21 Video page ................................................................................................................................ 22

Implementation details ................................................................................................................ 23 Critical reflections on design process ..................................................................................... 25 References ........................................................................................................................................ 27

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Introduction
Understanding the requirements and tasks play a key role in order to achieve a goal in this project. In this project, we have been assigned to design a website to potential readers who are interested in reading stories and sharing their own. The website should not only have a high quality interface and interesting stories, but also could allow users to easily share their opinion for each story they have read. The website should also be able to be viewed in both PC browser and an Android phone browser. In order to develop this website, there are three specific functions to implement, and a number of general tasks. Firstly, this website must allow users to explore all the stories and users could also use keyword to search stories they wish to read. Additionally, each story should include some information about their authors name, photo, brief introduction and tags. Secondly, the website should allow users to read three stories at the same time, this will then allow them to compare and contrast the stories. However, users need to select the stories first before the website could allow them reading three stories at once. Finally, this website should have a space to record the readers thought about these set of stories. Due to the fact that every website has a significant logo that could impress the user, our group will be designing a logo for the first task, and identifying three initial concepts will be the second task. In order to achieve three concepts, we separate our group members into three groups; each group consists of two members. Then, after having three concepts designed, we will compare and choose one of them for the final design. Furthermore, our group consists of people from different backgrounds and experience. To solve this issue, each group member will receive a task for this project based on their skills, knowledge and interests. Waterfall model is a good approach to use in this project because it is a sequential designing process where it has five steps; requirement, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance. The advantage of waterfall model is that it is simple to implement and also the amount of resources required is minimal. Project management, both at internal level and clients level is uncomplicated because of its visible output after each phase. Furthermore, deadlines could be set for the completion of each phase and evaluation could be done from time to time to check whether project is going as per milestones.

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Team membership, skills, knowledge As all of us starting to meet each other in the early stage, we begun to introduce ourselves to one another. Our group consists of six people; Yuan Kun, Yin WenLiang, ChunXiao Ni, Edrick Satya, Valentina Rusan, and Jun Wei. Edrick Satya and Jun Wei are undergraduate students, while others are postgraduates. Furthermore, our interests, skills, and knowledge lie in different areas. Yuan Kun is undertaking postgraduate degree in Information Technology, and she claims that she has a medium level of programming skills. She is also very familiar with graphic design and able to design few concepts using mockup tools available. Yin Wenliang, a postgraduate student, states that he is good at management and e-commerce. Furthermore, he also has some basic java and web programming skills. Next, ChunXiao Ni, took multi-media technology in her bachelor degree and she learnt graphic design as well as three-dimensional design. She also knows some programming languages such as Java, VC/C++, Phyton, C#, and a little knowledge of database, SQL. Edrick Satya, is an undergraduate student studying computer science in his final year. He claims that he has a medium level of programming skills. He learned few programming languages such as Java, HTML, and Haskell. Valentina Rusan, another postgraduate student, studied cybernetics and economic informatics in her undergraduate. She studied quite a number of programming languages, such as C++, C#, Java, Python, SQL and HTML. Next, Jun Wei is an undergraduate student in his final year, his strength lies in designing (i.e. logo, interface or website). He also knows some programming languages such as Java and C. In the early stage of designing the concepts, our group has designed few tremendous ideas for the website (will be explained more in three initial concepts part). However, observing from the skills and knowledge consist in our group, we can see that only some of us know programming but not much

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in web programming. Therefore, we decided to produce a website with a basic functionality and design. Identifying the user base A designer designs a website for users, not only for himself/herself [1]. Therefore, the users of the website should be specified in the beginning stage. In this project, we chose people who love to read others stories, aged from 18 to 45 because this group of people was more likely to surf the internet. In order to know more about what the users need, we had a small interview among 20 participants, aged from 21 to 42. In the interview participants were asked two questions, why do you like to read others stories? and Do you like to read stories online? Why?. The results showed there were two kinds of users. The first kind loves sharing stories, and enjoys finding similar stories with theirs. The second kind of people was curious about others experience because they had less. Reading stories of others could satisfy their curiosity. Most of the participants like online reading, because the resource is abundant and some websites allow them to read conveniently and comfortably. However, they hate the advertisements on the websites. Specifying user requirements came after choosing the users. As a good website should be user-centered, designers need to be aware of users psychological and visual needs [2]. There are two basic questions to be answered. Firstly, why do the users visit this website? The content is the most critical element of a website. The users love stories, so a website providing engaging, relevant, and appropriate content can attract them. Some studies have reported that content is more important than navigation, visual design, functionality, and interactivity. Secondly, why do they stick to the website? If the users find the stories they want, they may become happy and hope to read the stories in a comfortable environment. This environment is provided by the website. Thus, visual perception of the users should be taken into account, including colors, layout, size, etc. One example of poor visual perception is when similar colors are used in text and background; it may reduce the readability of the text.
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Moreover, in order to satisfy the users, nice visual perception is far from enough. A good user-based website should be both of aesthetic value and usability [3]. Usability is defined as users perception of how consistent, efficient, productive, organized, easy to use, intuitive, and straightforward it is to accomplish tasks within a system. However user expectations have an influence on their perception of the websites usability. Users can have expectations based on their prior knowledge and past experience. Previous studies found that users acted on their own expectations even when there were indications on the screen to counter those expectations. The use of familiar formatting and navigation schemes can make it easier for users to learn and remember the layout of a site. In summary, users want a well-structured website which provides many stories and allows them to find the stories they want and read conveniently and comfortably. They do not want any unrelated content. Critique of existing websites There are many websites that present media to users, and to support our group in the process of design, we have selected a range of websites to examine and to learn from the approaches they have taken. In this section, we will examine three websites that are relevant to our project, and describe why we have chosen them. We will also describe the lessons that we have learnt from examining them.

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Our first website was taken from this link: http://hopgoodsfoodliner.com/

This website has given our group numerous things to discover. Firstly, the colour being used in this website is simple, however, it is very neat and making the texts easy to read as they are using simple font. Secondly, looking at the three columns presented in the website, we have been enlightened that we could use this method to show three stories at once. Users only need to scroll down to view more information or story they wanted to read, and this method could be used in our website to read three stories at once. Thirdly, the design used in this website is also simple, although it is simple, it differentiates each segment clearly. Furthermore, this website also uses an anchor as the icon as the mouse clicked one of the choices on the left panel; it provides users with more feeling of Maritime or Seafood restaurant. On the other hand, there is only one thing that we do not like from this website too. As the mouse hovers at the left panel, the colour of that background changes into a much brighter colour. Our group contemplate that this changes is not necessary, as the readers eyes would not cope from initial darker background to a sudden change of brighter colour. The website should have only use the current colour without even
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have to change it as the mouse hovers. If they modify this feature, we think that this website would be a nice website with great visual and design. Next, our second website was taken from this link: http://www.cedricvella.com/

The feature from this website that our group like most is its background. It contains a filmy image and a simple design in the homepage, making the user easily scan through the main page of the website. The background has given our group an idea to use a translucent background image instead of a solid colour (i.e. plain white). Using this translucent background itself could generate more feeling or emotion for the users. As the users visit our website to read stories, they need to have a mood trigger, and we are going to try to implement it by using a filmy background. The next feature our group love from this website is its simplicity and consistency. Each page contains information that is not excessive in amount, and the design made it a quality website. Furthermore, the colour chosen for each page is wonderful; it suits perfectly with the text colour. Additionally, displaying the video to the user and dim its background is another quality method we could use in our project. By having a darker background colour, users vision is focused on the video more than the background itself.

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However, there exists a feature that our group feel that it could be improved. The main drawback from this website is that it lacks of explanation in Work page. It only provides user with videos and does not explain more. They should have improved it by providing users with more explanation, so that the users could be more engaged in using their product.

Our third website was taken from this website: http://jacksonvilleartwalk.com/

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As we can see, this great website is designed with a number of images, colours and different layouts. The reason why this website uses various colours and images is that it is a website for artists, so it is designed with appealing colours and structures. The main feature that our group love from this website is that it uses different background images for each section. It makes user feel livelier when visiting the website and our group was inspired by that features. Furthermore, the colour and design used in the website demonstrate that its main users are for artists, thus we are also inspired to produce a background that are compatible mainly for readers. Additionally, this website also constructs its content consistently in every page, for example, it consistently uses horizontal layout for showing the content in each category. In addition, the heading for each category also shows that this website contains a lot of arts in it, so when the user visit this website, they could immediately feel the sense of art from the design itself. Our group also tries to have this feature in our website, so that when a user visits our website, they could feel the emotion in it. However, there is also a feature that our group feel could be improved from this website. We feel that it could be better if the videos could be enlarged as the images do. The images get larger when we click on them, but the videos are not. It might be useful to show the videos in the centre and dim its background as what happens when we click the images, because users could pay more attention to it. Other than that, we love this website substantially.

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Three initial concepts

First concept

This concept comes with an idea of creating a simple but elegant website pages. We started by considering several essential features or buttons needed in our website. Then, we decided to have these buttons showed on the figure on the left. In the interest of consistency, the position of the title and those buttons at the bottom page (home, story, etc) would appear on every page consistently. The main window appearing in the middle of the page would be containing some information or link to specific pages from our website. Furthermore, in order to get access to our stories, users need to login or register in advanced. If the user clicked "Story" or "Random before they login, then a login or register notification will show up. "Random" has the functionality of showing a random story to the user which contains high rating given from users or commenter. Next, if the user has already entered their login username and click "Story", then this page on the left will appear.
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This page will let user choose from a number of categories or tags of stories they want to read. The button "More" will show more categories and tags to the user. However, if they have already have in mind a category they want to read, then they could also type their own tags or categories in the "Search" bar provided at the below of the page. It will reduce some hassle to the user from searching page by page a certain type of categories they want to read.

Furthermore, if the user clicked one of the categories, then this page will appear. This page will list all the stories related to the categories or tags the user has chosen, and there are also radio buttons for users to choose three stories to read at the same time. Each story in this page will have a small picture and a brief description next to it.

After the user has chosen three stories, then this page will show up. This page will show all three stories altogether, and user can easily navigate from one story to another by clicking left or right arrow. If the user chooses to read story 1, then story 1 will come to top and it will appear in bigger screen. This page can also appear in full screen mode so that user vision is not distracted to other things on the website. User can also put comments on the box provided and they can submit it so that

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other readers can view his/her comments.
Second concept

The second concept created focus on displaying the stories in a list on two columns, on the home page, with only some bits of the stories written, thus the user can choose to read more of the story he likes. Moreover, there is a search tab available for them in order to find a particular story by tag. As the user scrolls down the list, the search tab is still visible on top of the page. Furthermore, the list of stories can display ten, twenty or thirty stories per page. The title of each story is green as this colour is calming and refreshing. The size of the letters decreases from the title of the website to the title of the story and finally to the beginning of the story. There is an arrow Read more at the bottom right of each square with stories that attracts the reader to read more of each story.

If the user clicks Read more of one particular story, the whole story becomes visible on a different page. Details of the author and an optional picture of him are found at the end of the story.

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A debate was considered in order to select vertical or horizontal tabs and the former was chosen. The video of Francesca is visible on the top left of the home page. The second tab is Favorites in which the user can compare three stories displayed in three columns. Moreover, there is a comment box on the bottom of the page where the user can write his thoughts about those stories. Other previous comments are available when he clicks See what other people said button.

The third tab is Contact in which the user can find useful contacts. When the design was finished, the vertical tabs were reconsidered. It was concluded that they are not a good choice as they occupy too much of the vertical space even if there are not too many tabs used.

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Third concept

Another concept that our group have implemented is this one. In this design, the homepage would consists of several things such as logo, list of stories, recent stories that has been uploaded, recent comments, our favourites, categories available, and list of tags available. We insert every detail in the homepage so that the user could easily navigate to the page they desired. Furthermore, in the interest of consistency, the home button, favourite button, more button and all the things appear on the right panel would appear consistently on every pages.

Next, if the user clicks one of the stories, this page would appear. This page will let the user read the full story they have just chosen, they could also use this page to add the story into favourites, so when they click favourites tab, they can compare and contrast a maximum of three stories at once. Users could also navigate to next story or previous one by clicking next or previous button without having to return to home page. Additionally, users can leave their comment in this page.

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If the user has added three stories to the favourites, they can go to favourites tab and view three stories at the same time. In this page, user could view other users comment and also leave a comment regarding these stories. In addition, users could remove a story from favourites and add a new one whenever they want.

Finally, Francescas videos will be added here and users could also leave a comment about her videos.

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Justification for selection of a single concept The third concept was chosen as our concept which would be detailed in final design. The reason was that concept 3 complied with the user needs most among these three concepts. The three concepts put the navigation bar in the different place, however, according to the knowledge of users reading habit, most users read things from left to right and from top to bottom. Therefore, the design of navigation bar in concept 3 is better than others. Furthermore, a logo is a symbol which tells users the name of the website and makes this website easy to remember. Thus, the logo should be an obvious place. The navigation bar and logo of concept 3 is placed at the top left of webpage. A big image in the middle as in concept 2 may be attractive, but it has little relationship with stories. In concept 3, the photos of some authors list down with the brief stories. It makes more sense with the user habit which likes to read a briefing first, and then click the Read More if they are interested in this story. In concept 3, when users are reading a specific story, they can click the story and then the authors photo (if available) and story will be provided. The story area is bigger than the photo, and it could keep users attention more on the story itself. In addition, the tool bar appears at the right side. For consistency of usability, the tool bar will be displayed at the same location of each page.

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In contrast, concept 3 has a better user experience than concept 2 because there are more functions in these pages of concept 3.User can also writes comments at the bottom and use the arrow button to quickly swap the stories. The layout of authors photo and article is also inverted at concept 2.

In Favourite page of concept 3, it is easy to manage the stories which have been added before. There is also a remove button which can delete the story from the list. Depending on the most users habit, whether they like discuss the stories or share the opinions, this website provides a platform for users which could view previous comments and leave comments at this page.

In general, concept 3 has more consideration of user base. It provides a consistent layout and rich functions. It is also easy and convenient to learn and use the website.

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Description and justification of final design Generally speaking, this design is based on the principle of Clear and Simple, which means only essential components are inserted into the design and the garish design is avoided in this website. The style and pattern of all interfaces are the same, and the position of navigation logo in each interface is fixed. Besides, according to the fonts principle, the fond of navigation, title and slogan is Courier New and the main body is Times New Roman. The design concept of this website is a notepad. For example, the top background is black cowhide style which is really like some popular cover of notepad, and the red sheepskin style sidebar on the right is uniform. The logo looks like a quill pen writing MY STORY on the paper. Besides, the main body of the website is a book with good third dimension, which gives users a true feeling of reading a story book when they read stories from this website. Moreover, the display columns for the date on the left of the website are also small opened notepads. In terms of colour, kraft colour is chosen as the background, because this colour is a colour which could not only protect the sight and tireless feeling but also delighted mood. Furthermore, black and dark red is a classical combination in the colour scheme which gives composed and a little lively ambiance. According to the colour principle of website, there should not be more than three main colours in one website. Therefore, the matching of black, dark red and kraf colour avoids dull and creates a tranquil ambiance. The layout is also very important for a website design. Firstly, the margin in each side should be symmetrical. Because the focusing arrangement of peoples sight has limitation, the main contents should be placed in the middle of the whole page, and then the layout will seem more generous, tidy and elegant. Besides, there should be a blank between contents for convenient reading and the attractive vision. Moreover, layout should be uniform to all the webpages. Therefore, each sidebar on the right side should be the same; it is also a list of shortcut which can show recent stories, comments, favourites and
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tags to users. It is worth mentioning that there is Hide button likes a tab on a notepad helping users to decide if they want to hide the sidebar.
More details about final design shows below:

Home page

It can be seen clearly on the half of the final design of the home page. After users login to the website, they can see the list of stories in the middle of the webpage. Each story in the list is shown by title, image of author, beginning of the story as well as update time, number of comment under the title. If users are interested to the story, Reading More link can take users to the page of the whole story. There is a drop list for users to choose if they want to read stories or biography.

Story page
After users read a story, they can read the biography of the author by click the author name under the story, or they can also add the story to favourites. After adding story to favourites, the adding link will change to remove from favourites which can allow users to remove this story from their favourites. There are two shortcut links shown as the name of previous story and next story that help users to read the story next to current one quickly. All the comments are shown below the stories, and users can add comments below in the text box.

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Favourites page

There are no more than three stories in favourites page. Users can still add story to favourites, but the previous one will be removed automatically, or users can remove their favourite story by clicking remove links under the story or clean favourites from the favourites page. There are two ways for users to find their favourites click favourites from navigation and click list of favourites on the sidebar. Also, user could view other users comments and also leave a comment regarding these stories.
Author page

Authors page is a simple page, users can read the biography of the author there, and then add to favourites and leave comment. There are two ways for users to go to the author page. First one is by clicking the author name with underline on the end of the story page, and the other way is to use drop list and select biography, then the list of all the biography will be shown for users.

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Video page

Video page is very simple page, users can watch Francescas videos by clicking the video, and there is a place for users to leave a comment about her video as well.

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Implementation details After the design was decided, the following step in creating a website is the implementation. In order to create the best experience for the reader, we analysed the available options and a debate had gone through. The possibility of using a content management system has been considered even if we had the skills necessary to create a website from scratch. Thus, we discussed the possible advantages and disadvantages of using either of them and the challenges we might face. We discovered that using a content management system would reduce the implementation time because of its ease of use. Beside the fact it is cheap or free, it offers multiple users that means all of us would be able to make changes at any place and at any time. Furthermore, it increases the SEO of the website and the website is better secured. The information is stored in a database system where access control mechanisms restrict access to the content. Thus, the information is available only via the CMS and it is better protected against attacks. [4] Additionally, it is advisable to use a CMS for websites in which the content is changed frequently, like our website. [5] Consequently, we analysed different options of content management systems and their benefits and drawbacks. We concluded Wordpress is the best option compared to Joomla and Drupal, because it is the most flexible and easy to use. [6] We chose to use the University of Nottinghams server to host our website, so it can only be accessed internally. Moreover, we added a plugin that allows only registered users to see the website, thus it is not visible yet on the Internet. As soon as we started implementing the website, we found Wordpress very easy to use and with many plugins that helped us add many functions instantly. We decided to use a theme provided by Wordpress that was appropriate for our chosen concept. However, we changed the content of the theme continuously making it to fit our needs. We have not used this CMS before, but the process of understanding how to use it and change the code inside was straightforward. The biggest challenge we encountered was to find a way to allow the user select exactly three stories to compare them. We chose to use Favourite posts plugin, but this provided only the mechanism of choosing favourite stories and seeing them in a separate page and in a widget, without limiting the number of
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them. Finally we discovered a way to change the code and limit the number of stories chosen to three. Therefore, on the Favourites page the reader can see three chosen stories and comment about these if he wants to. Consequently, we realized the user does not have the possibility to return to stories he has seen and liked without searching for them in the list. The Favourites function allows him to store stories he liked, but not more than three. After analysing the options available, we installed the plugin Last Viewed Stories to allow the user return to stories easier. This can be seen in a widget on the right side of the page. Furthermore, he can search for stories by tag or by category. This function was very easy to implement as it was incorporated in the theme we chose at the beginning. Another important function we considered was the interaction of the user with the content on the website. As a result, he can comment for each story, for his favourite stories or for the video of Francesca. However, comments will appear online only after the administrator approves them. This feature was implemented to avoid spam or abusive comments. However, even though the plugins of Wordpress provided convenience to our work, they were not versatile. We still needed to modify the code to make it fit our needs. But not all the modifications met our expectations. Some of them have even made the website crashed. The problems below are the ones we found important, but we were not able to solve them. Still, they did not affect the use of the website. The first problem was related to adding favourite stories. In a normal pace, when the user clicks Add to favourites, the link of the story should be automatically added to the side bar. But in our website, the link did not show unless the current page was refreshed or jumped to another page. We tried to modify the code, but we failed. Secondly, the comments left by the user for the set of favourite stories did not show to the user the information about the stories. Consequently, the user did not know for which stories were the comments. We built our website in the base of a theme and the comment function was embedded. But the Favourites function was implemented by a plugin. We did not know how to join the code from two different parts. The only thing we could do was telling

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the user the comments were made in Favourites page, which were different from those following a specific story. The third problem was the navigation. In PC, the website looked fine and the navigation was aligned with the main body of the website. But in android phone, it was not left-aligned anymore. There was a big gap between the navigation and the edge. We found several ways to change the code, but it did not work. It is possible there are more existing problems; however, we have tried our best to find and solve them. A good website should be usable above all and our website is working properly so far. We will not stop our step of optimizing it, because it is not only a coursework, but also the fruit of our efforts. We have learned a lot from the cooperation.

Critical reflections on design process In this part, we are going to sum up every step starting from forming a group to establishing a perfect website. First of all, this new media project has been undertaken and developed by six group members from this module, also, every group member need to produce various ideas and techniques required. After getting to know each other, we need to design and create a media platform on the Internet for online users, we also need to make sure users or audiences are able to read stories and leave their comments on the website because it is important to bridge the communication between the writers and readers so that they could exchange ideas or information. After few discussions and clarifications about the aims, our team tried to identify who will be the users of our website and what types of stories could satisfy their preference through short individual interviews. Based on the target users need and preference, it is necessary to absorb design experiences from similar websites on the market. All group members sat together to comment on these three websites from users point of view, and then we learned from their design weaknesses. Additionally, we are aware of matching colours, establishing unique style,
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setting up layouts and so on. The process of criticizing others websites made us realize that designing a website that everyone loves is nearly impossible because everyone has their own taste and preference. Accordingly, our group was divided into three pairs to create a draft of three different websites. This process is likely a brain-storming of possible designs. Furthermore, the most struggling process of the whole project could be selecting one concept from three concepts we have initially made. It is due to the fact that everyone made a lot of effort on sketching their own work so they really hope their work could be the final decision. After a long-time discussion, we finally chose the design that is simpler but has a high quality. Confirming details and carrying out small pieces of work are exciting but stressful; we were suffering in a trap of new ideas that made us keep correcting and changing the design we had made. It reached to a stage where it burned our interest and patience. On the other hand, we kept improving our designs from the trap. We also confirmed English Vintage Style as the main idea of our website. This is due to the fact that our users normally have reading habits for years, but the Internet reading or story telling websites has become popular in recent time. Our users probably have been used to paper reading, in case of similarities with reading a real papered book, we design our website as an opening notebook, came with a leather feel cover. In addition, the logo of our website is completely original; it was designed by one of our team member who is excellent at drawing and designing. In the interest of matching colours, we followed friendly-to-readers principle in order to avoid tiredness of eyes. We are also proud of our additional functions; sidebar (red coloured tabs along the right side of webpages for categorizing stories), and a search bar that allows readers to find stories by typing key words. The most helpless part of all processes is that of limited techniques, it made numerous creative and fancy ideas get washed out. Designing websites should be based on the realistic capabilities. In general, the new media design is a pleasant experience and full of experiments.

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References

1. Beyer&Holtzblatt, Contextual Design, Kaufmann 1998 2. Greenbaum&Kyng (eds): Design At Work - Cooperative design of Computer Systems, Lawrence Erlbaum 1991 3. Schuler&Namioka: Participatory Design, Lawrence Erlbaum 1993 and chapter 11 in Helanders Handbook of HCI, Elsevier 1997 4. http://www.thundernet.com/alpartis/articles/cmstop10.shtml 5. http://daveharrison.net/articles/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-ofcontent-management-systems 6. http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9236833/Choosing_an_open_ source_CMS_part_3_Why_we_use_WordPress

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