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NG D N S D NG SPSS
NG D NG TRONG
NGHIN C U MARKETING
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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ho c:
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Trong :
+ Variable Name: tn bi n (di 8 k t v khng c k t
c bi t)
+ Type: ki u c a b m ha
+ Labels: nhn c a bi n, trong ph n ny chng ta c th nh p nhi u gi tr c a nhn ph h p v i
thi t k c a b ng cu h i. Sau khi nh p xong m i tr c a m ho, nh n Add
l u l i cc gi tr
trn.
+ Value: Gi tr c a t ng gi tr m ha (value) t
l n c a c t mang tn bi n v v tr nh p li u c a bi n ny.
nh ngh a nh ng gi tr ny
Chn m t bi n m i ho c b ng ghi m i
- Nh n Data/Insert Variable
- Nh n Data/Insert Case
- Tm n b ng ghi c n thi t: Go to Case
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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S p x p b ng ghi
- Nh n Sort Case
- S p x p theo bi n t i Sort by v i chi u t ng (Ascending) ho c gi m (Descending)
Bi n m t bi n thnh m t b ng ghi
- Nh n Data/Transpose
- Variable(s) l nh ng bi n c n thay
Ki
-
m tra gi tr nh p
Nhn ton b gi tr : Nh n View/ Value Labels
Ki m tra m t bi n no : Utilities/Variables
Ki m tra b m ho Utilities/File Info, v i b m ho ny, ta c th ki m tra l i m t l n n a
cng vi c nh ngh a cc bi n ho c c ng c th lm danh b cho vi c nh p s li u sau ny.
T o bi n m i khng ho c c rng bu c m t i u ki n
Trong qu trnh nh p li u,
c th rt ng n th i gian nh p li u ho c
ph c v m c ch phn
tch, chng ta cn c th t o ra bi n m i t cc d ki n v c u trc c a bi n nh p.
-
nh ngh a
c.
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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M ho l i bi n:
Trong m t s tr ng h p, do nhu c u c a qu trnh phn tch, chng ta c n ph i m ha l i cc
bi n. C hai hnh th c m ho nh sau:
- M ho dng l i tn bi n c :
+ Nh n Transform/Recode/Into Same Variables
+
a bi n c n m ho l i vo Numeric Variable
+ Nh n If
thi t
t cc i u ki n (n u c)
thay
i b m ho
Value.
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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V d :
ph c v cho vi c phn tch, ta m ho l i tu i c a sinh vin theo thang i m
kho ng cch nh sau:
1 :
2 :
3 :
D i7n m
T 7 n 14 n m
Trn 14 n m
i 7 n m b m Range/Lowest throught v nh p li u
c thi t
th
ng.
l u.
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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+ Cc thng s khc
c th c hi n nh
m ho dng l i bi n c .
Nh n vo
l a ch n cc thng s o
l ng (mode, median, trung bnh)
Nh n vo
v
th cc t ng su t
c a bi n s
Central tendancy: o l ng
khuynh h ng h i t : tham s
trung bnh (mean), median,
mode, t ng (sum)
Dispersion:
o l ng
phn tn:
l ch chu n (std.
deviation), ph ng sai
Distribution: Ki m nh phn
ph i chu n (skeness v
kurtosis)
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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T n su t
xu t hi n
Valid
T l
ph n tr m
Percent
44.0
28.0
28.0
100.0
Valid Percent
44.0
28.0
28.0
100.0
Cumulative Percent
44.0
72.0
100.0
So lao dong
Valid
Frequency
25
61
63
45
6
200
Tu 1 den 5
Tu 6 den 20
Tu 21 den 200
Tu 200 den 300
Tren 300
Total
Percent
12.5
30.5
31.5
22.5
3.0
100.0
Valid Percent
12.5
30.5
31.5
22.5
3.0
100.0
Cumulative Percent
12.5
43.0
74.5
97.0
100.0
Xay dung
28.0%
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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L p b ng so snh
B ng so snh 2 nhn t :
So lao
dong
Tu 1 den 5
Tu 6 den 20
Tu 21 den 200
Tu 200 den 300
Tren 300
Group Total
Phn tch m t bi n
cl
nh l
Xay dung
Count
Row %
6
24.0%
21
34.4%
19
30.2%
7
15.6%
3
50.0%
56
28.0%
Cong nghiep
Count
Row %
12
48.0%
14
23.0%
18
28.6%
11
24.4%
1
16.7%
56
28.0%
ng
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Gi tr
trung bnh
l ch
chu n
One-Sample Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Mean
33224.00
200
Std. Deviation
12932.72
Gi i h n trn
c l ng
Gi i h n d i
c a
c l ng
One-Sample Test c a
Test Value = 0
cl
KI M
Ki m
t
36.331
df
199
Mean
Difference
33224.00
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
c l p ho c ph thu c)
NH THAM S
nh t
0=
32 (tri u) v H1:
0=
32 (tri u)
t gi tr
vo Test Value.
Nh n Option
thi t t
tin c y
(gi s
tin c y l 95%)
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10
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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B m Continue v b m OK
h p h i tho i ban
u, k t qu thu
c nh sau:
Descriptive Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Valid N (listwise)
200
200
Minimum
10750
Maximum
82500
Mean
33224.00
Std. Deviation
12932.72
One-Sample Statistics
N
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
200
Mean
33224.00
Std. Deviation
12932.72
One-Sample Test
t
1.34
df
199
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.182
Gi tr t-student
= 1,34
Gi tr p-value
=0,182>0,05
c l p)
i nam v ng
i n b ng nhau trn t ng th
i nam v ng
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Nh n vo Define Groups
nh ngh a cc nhm v i
Nam=1 v N = 0
Nh n vo Define Groups
nh ngh a cc nhm v i
Nam=1 v N = 0
K t qu nh sau
Group Statistics
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Gioi tinh
Nam
Nu
Mean
37053.23
26976.32
124
76
Std. Deviation
13962.42
7763.42
Trung bnh ng i c
gi i tnh l Nam
Trung bnh ng i c
gi i tnh l N
Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances
Thu
nhap
nam
(trieu)
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
df
Sig.
(2-ta
iled)
5.77
198
.000
10076.91
1747.75
6630
13524
6.55
196.4
.000
10076.91
1537.92
7044
13110
Sig.
17
.000
Mean
Difference
Gi tr t c a
ki m nh
Std. Error
Difference
p-value c a
gi tr t
Ki m nh Leneves (gi thi t H0: ph ng sai c a hai m u (bi n) b ng nhau, H1: ph ng sai
c a hai m u (bi n) khng b ng nhau) s cho php ki m nh ph ng sai hai m u c b ng nhau
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Nh n Option
thi t t
tin c y
(gi s
tin c y l 95%)
K t qu :
Paired Samples Statistics
Pair
1
Mean
42.9333
44.1333
TRUOCQC
SAUQC
N
15
15
Std. Deviation
30.6419
28.1422
Paired Differences
Pair 1
TRUOCQC - SAUQC
Gi tr
cl
(gi i h n d
Mean
-1.200
ng
i)
Std.
Deviation
5.7842
Std.
Error
Mean
1.4935
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
-4.4032
2.0032
Gi tr
c l ng
(gi i h n trn)
t
-.803
Gi tr t-student
= -0,803
df
14
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.435
Gi tr p-value
=0,435>0,05
bc b H0 t c l
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Phn tch ph
i lm trong l nh v c d ch v - th
ng m i, xy d ng
Nh n Post Hoc
ch n lo i ki m nh nh m xc nh c th s khc bi t gi a cc nhm
(nhm no khc v i nhm no). Chng ta c th ch n Bonferroni ho c Tukeys-b (hai th ng k
ny u cho ra cng m t k t qu ).
N u ph ng sai gi a cc nhm c n so snh khng b ng nhau, chng ta ch n Tamhanes T2
( ng d ng cho ki m nh t t ng c p n u ph ng sai c a chng khng b ng nhau).
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Nh n Continue, nh n Option
thi t
Trong Homogeneity-of-variance
plot lm cho hnh minh h a.
t cc l a ch n.
ki m
nh s b ng nhau ph
df1
df2
.414
V Sig. >0,05 nn ta c th kh ng
i u ki n c a phn tch ANOVA.
nh l ph
Sig.
197
.661
ANOVA
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Sum of Squares
87185676.623
33196619123.377
33283804800.000
df
2
197
199
Mean Square
43592838.312
168510756.971
F
.259
Sig.
.772
bc b H0 hay ch a c c s
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35000
34000
33000
32000
Dich vu thuong mai
Xay dung
Cong nghiep
c l p) v thu
Vo Graphs, nh n Scatter
Ch n Simple v b m Define
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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c l p), b m OK
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
Chng ta c th xem
chut.
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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B m Continue v OK
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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R rng trn hnh v bn, ta c th hnh dung c m i quan h tuy n tnh (theo
ng th ng) gi a
s n m lm vi c v thu nh p/n m.
ki m tra m t cch chnh xc, ta th c hi n thao tc h i quy.
Vo Analyze v Regression ch n cc bi n vo cc t
ng ng
ANOVAb
Model
1
Sum of Squares
449.294
1250.926
1700.220
Regression
Residual
Total
df
1
198
199
Mean Square
449.294
6.318
F
71.115
Sig.
.000a
.514a
R Square
.264
Adjusted R Square
2.51
Ta c:
-
H s t
H s t
ng quan R
ng quan R o l
H s xc
tuy n tnh
nh R
H s xc
ng m c
nh gi m c
nh R2
ng quan gi a hai bi n
ph h p c a m hnh th hi n m i quan h t
ng quan
19
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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R <0,3
-N u
R2 <0,1
ng quan
m c th p
m c trung bnh
-N u
0,3
R <0,5
-N u
0,1
R2 <0,25
ng quan
-N u
0,5
R <0,7
-N u
0,25
R2 <0,5
-N u
-N u
0,7
0,9
R <0,9
-N u
-N u
0,5
ng quan kh ch t ch
ng quan ch t ch
ng quan r t ch t ch
R <0,8
0,8
Coefficientsa
Model
1
Unstandardized Coefficients
B
Std. Error
9.970
.491
1.162E-04
.000
(Constant)
Thu nhap nam (trieu)
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.514
t
20.304
8.433
Sig.
.000
.000
B ng coefficient cho php chng ta ki m nh cc h s gc trong m hnh, ta c t1 = 8,433 v pvalue = 0,000<0,05 nn ta kh ng nh t n t i m i quan h gi a hai bi n v i h s gc b1=0,00011
c ngh a l khi t ng m i n m lm vi c, thu nh p hng n m tang 110 ngn ng. Ta c th thnh
l p
c ph ng trnh h i quy nh sau:
yi = 9.870 + 0,00011xi + e
KI M NH CHI BNH PH
BI N (CROSSTABS)
Ki m
nh phn ph i (ki m
NG V TNH
C L P HAY PH
THU C GI A HAI
nh s ph h p)
S b nh nhn (l thuy t)
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
6000
6000
52000
i thi t:
20
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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ng
ki m
nh hng c t hay
n(k 1)
c l p v i nhau trn t ng th
H1: Hai bi n quy m doanh nghi p v lo i hnh doanh kinh ph thu c v i nhau trn t ng th
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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B m Statistics
ng ng
thi t l p cc th ng k
Gi tr ki m
Chi bnh ph
B m Cells
nh
ng
Gi tr ki m nh
p-value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Value
38.665a
50.910
36.280
df
.000
.000
.000
104
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.92.
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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Loai hinh
doanh nghiep
Xay dung
Cong nghiep
Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Count
Expected Count
% of Total
Total
37
37.0
35.6%
32
32.0
30.8%
35
35.0
33.7%
104
104.0
100.0%
Symmetric Measures
Value
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi
Cramer's V
Approx. Sig.
.610
.610
104
N of Valid Cases
.000
.000
nh m i quan h gi a hai bi n ny kh ch t ch .
NH PHI THAM S
i thi t l:
nh Nemar)
a chu ng gi a A, B trong t ng th
a chu ng gi a A, B trong t ng th
c th c hi n nh sau:
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23
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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K t qu thu
c:
Ranks
N
B-A
2a
5b
2c
9
Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Ties
Total
Mean Rank
1.50
5.00
Sum of Ranks
3.00
25.00
a. B < A
b. B > A
c. A = B
Test Statistics
B-A
-1.876a
.061
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
a. Based on negative ranks.
b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
n d u v Nemar c th th c hi n t
ng t
Trong tr ng h p gi ng nh v d
ph m A, B, C, khi
KH
1
2
3
tr
Kem A
4
5
2
ng h p ki m
nh wilcoxon, nhung by gi ta c 3 s n
Kem B
3
5
5
Kem C
5
5
5
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H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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4
5
6
7
8
9
3
3
1
3
2
2
2
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
K t qu :
Ranks
Mean Rank
A
B
C
1.39
2.00
2.61
Test Statistics
N
Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.
9
9.308
2
.010
a. Friedman Test
nh cho hai m u
c l p (Mann-Whitney U)
25
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
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KH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Toshiba
4000
3800
4600
4300
5000
5300
4900
4700
4000
5200
Yamaha
4200
4300
3400
3500
3800
4200
4300
3400
Nh n Grouping Define
nh ngh a cc bi n
K t qu nh sau
Ranks
TIEUHAO
NHANHIEU
Toshiba
Yamaha
Total
N
10
8
18
Mean Rank
12.15
6.19
Sum of Ranks
121.50
49.50
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26
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Test Statistics b
TIEUHAO
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
13.500
49.500
-2.364
.018
.016a
nh nhi u h n hai m u
c l p (Kruskal-Wallis H)
Vo Grouping Variable
nh ngh a bi n, hi n t i chng ta c 3 bi n, chng ta t gi tr
maximum l 3, n u chng ta so snh 2 bi n th chng ta nh s 2 (gi tr 1, 2, hay 3 ph thu c
vo cc nh ngh a value label c a bi n nhanhieu.
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27
H ng d n s d ng SPSS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ranks
TIEUHAO
NHANHIEU
Toshiba
Yamaha
3
Total
Mean Rank
10
8
8
26
Test Statistics
18.55
9.63
11.06
a,b
TIEUHAO
Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.
7.318
2
.026
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28