Poultry farms in disarray Published : Friday, 28 December 2012 The culling of 0.15 million chickens and dumping of 0.

25 million eggs following avian flu infection at a poultry farm in Kaliakoir, Gazipur once again sets the alarm bell ringing for this once-thriving and much needed SME (small and medium enterprise) sector. Credit goes to those who promptly made arrangement for putting to test the infected fowls for confirmation of the much-dreaded bird disease accounting for mass death of poultry fowls. Thanks are also due to all concerned for not mincing words or trying to suppress news about the disease and by way of this sparing the public of needless worries. They have faced the issue squarely and consumers of poultry chickens and eggs are now well informed of what really has happened. Other poultry farms in a similar situation should learn a lesson from this one. As is quite evident, the avian flu breaks out in an epidemic form and once it strikes a farm all the birds there are likely to be infected. It is unfortunate that anti-flu measures are yet to be very effective in protecting fowls from its attack. Had this been possible, the country's nutritional status and economy would have received a shot in the arm. With the introduction of poultry farm in the country, many unemployed youths along with others found in the enterprise an answer to their economic woes. Moderate investment, a little knowledge and skill and an enclosure of any size suiting different entrepreneurs' capacity in different locations were enough to set up a poultry farm. But little did they know that an unanticipated danger lay hidden in the form of avian flu, the pandemic of which will render many of them defaulters and economically paupers. The enterprising youths took no time to discover what promised to be the key to their economic liberty actually turned out to be a noose around their neck. This is exactly what explains the soaring price of poultry birds and eggs. But at the beginning the poultry sector was perhaps the cheapest source of protein for the middle and lower middle class people in the country because fish is becoming dearer all the time. So, the loss is on several counts. Now the question is: Does the poultry sector stand any chance of revival? Perhaps there is no guarantee, this can be managed cent per cent. But round-the-clock monitoring of farm fowls and their feed, selection of hens and eggs for breeding chicks under close supervision can avoid infection of flu to a large extent. Also, the routine pushing of anti-virus injection, if followed strictly, can be effective enough. In short, the job has to be done on a war-footing. At the same time, more research and experiment should be carried on for invention of cheaper but effective medicine to fight bird flu. The disease is not confined to developing countries alone, so resources should be pooled to conduct research aimed at bringing an end to the threat from this disease.
http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/index.php?ref=MjBfMTJfMjhfMTJfMV82XzE1NDY1OA==

Life with chickens in Bangladesh: backyard poultry farming

Avian influenza (H5N1) was first detected in Bangladesh in February 2007 near the capital Dhaka, and has since spread to at least 47 of the countrys 64 districts, forcing authorities to have killed more than 1.6 million chickens by June 2008. There are around 150,000 poultry farms in Bangladesh, of which approximately half are backyard farms, with an annual turnover of approximately US$750 million, and about 4 million Bangladeshi people directly or indirectly associated. Human cases of avian influenza result from contact between humans and infected backyard poultry, and to date in Bangladesh, there has been one confirmed case of avian influenza A (H5N1) reported to WHO.

Approximately 80 percent of people in Bangladesh live in rural areas, and almost 80 percent of these households raise poultry. In the first of its kind in the country, ICDDR,B has just completed some qualitative research to further understand local backyard poultry farming practices, particularly those which may pose an infection risk to humans. Researchers wanted to gain a better understanding of human interactions with poultry, both at home and in the live markets, as well as examine the common practices of handling sick poultry. What do we know about backyard poultry farming in Bangladesh? Two existing poultry influenza surveillance sites in Bangladesh were chosen for their demographic variation in terms of physical environment, transport infrastructure and socioeconomic status. Social mapping of the villages yielded demographic information and poultry distribution. In each location, twenty households were selected for individual mapping and interview, of which a smaller number were also observed. Poultry handling practices were also observed at the local markets (hat bazar) as live bird markets have played an important role in the spread of the H5N1 epidemic in other locations.

Significant numbers of households in both rural locations were found to be entirely dependent on poultry farming, and women were frequently the primary caretakers. There was a great intimacy found between the villagers and their poultry, chickens often being kept inside the bedroom itself, and allowed to roam free throughout the house at will. Egg harvesting was also commonly seen inside the sleeping quarters, with feeding routines occurring on verandas. Of particular note and concern was the practice of leaving poultry faeces around the household area. Birds that survive influenza infection may excrete the virus for up to ten days, both orally and in the faeces, thus facilitating further spread.

The daily interaction between the poultry and family members is intimate and frequent. Children frequently spend time playing with the chickens, sometimes even eating from the same plate. Collection of eggs, physical examination of the chickens, cleaning faeces and carrying the birds to the market all occur with minimal attention paid to handwashing practices.

Likewise, examining chicken slaughtering practices revealed little awareness of infection transmission risks. Slaughtering frequently occurs within close proximity to the house and family, with little commitment to cleaning the site, disposing of remains or personal handwashing hygiene.

Unlike chickens, some domestic ducks are known to be resistant to the viruses and can be asymptomatic carriers of the viruses, thus acting as a reservoirs that perpetuate transmission. In both villages studied, ducks were found living very intimately in and around households, scavenging in both human bathing and feeding areas.

Influenza transmission through contact with infected backyard poultry is a real concern. WHO has recommended that dead birds or those showing signs of illness should not be touched except by properly protected authorities. Particularly in one of the villages studied, ICDDR,B found that it was common for villagers to consume sick birds. What was clear was that in many cases, although villagers understood that their chickens or other birds could become affected with this disease, they had much less understanding of the potential for animal-to-human transmission. Other villagers, while understanding the dangers of consuming sick poultry, had little awareness of safer handling practices. Sometimes sick birds were kept in the same sheds with healthy birds; other times they were kept inside the house, closer to the family. Some villagers feed sick poultry by hand, while others dispose of dead bodies in the river. Suppose poultry defecates inside the householdpeople may get disease if that abohawa [weather; here referring to smell or air] goes inside human body. It hasnt happened to us. But I just suspect.. We are hearing about this [unknown disease] but not giving it any importance (gaye lagai na). We think that this disease will not transmit from poultry to humans. Backyard poultry farmer, Netrokona My big hens never die. Not only mine nobodys big hens die. If we see that a hen is drowsy, we sell it or slaughter it and consume its meat. Can we bear it if such a big hen dies? I become alert when the hen becomes drowsy. I keep sick hens under the bed. I check on it 5-7 times waking up from sleep at night. It is painful (bukey betha hoye) if the hen dies. So when I see the hen is in serious condition at night, I slaughter it and cook the meat after waking up in the morning and eat it. We dont let it die. Backyard poultry farmer, Rajshahi.

The close daily interaction between humans and poultry in rural Bangladesh places people at risk for infection with avian influenza. Simple health education messages that fail to pay attention to the perspective of poultry producers, including their limited resources, the importance of this particular source of income, and their intimate sharing of household space, are unlikely to be effective in reducing transmission risk says ICDDR,B research investigator Rebeca Sultana. This study shows us how anthropological work can contribute in the field of infectious diseases by exploring the risk of disease transmission and possible ways of prevention of emerging infectious diseases such as bird flu in the context of Bangladesh. For more information on ICDDR,Bs research into backyard poultry farming practices, contact Rebeca Sultana

BRAC Poultry Rearing Farms

A BRAC Social Enterprise
A pioneering venture contributing to the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh

Background
In the late 1970s BRAC identified poultry rearing as a source of income for the landless, particularly the destitute women. In the early 1980s BRAC partnered in a participatory action research programme aimed at increasing the productivity of small flocks of hens in village conditions and to develop a replicable smallholder model, which contributed in the development of the BRAC Poultry Rearing Farms that exist today.
In 1978 BRAC and DLS(Department of Livestock Services under the Bangladesh Government) started a poultry project in Manikganj upazila, an area with an unusually high proportion of landless people, located to the west of Dhaka. The sector was identified as having significant developmental potential because: it was already established in rural areas; only low levels of skill and capital were required; there was potential for high returns on investment; eggs and meat could lead to improved nutrition; it was a womans activity that could be done alongside other tasks and

was culturally acceptable; women would be able to retain ownership and control of the production process and the outputs arising.

As

a first step, 400 women were offered training in improved household chicken rearing techniques. At the same time, a modest HYV cock replacement programme was initiated in an attempt to encourage cross-breeding with local hens and improve the genetic stoc k. A small poultry farm was set up at BRACs newly established Training and Resource Centre (TARC) from which the cocks were supplied. A poultry specialist was duly appointed, and a target set of establishing 10-20 BRAC members as chicken rearers, each of whom would have at least 1 HYV cock and 10 hens, in all of the 200 villages in which it was operating. From 1981 a new approach began, with more accomplished rearers establishing specialist units where 300 female chicks would be confined and raised to the age of eight weeks, before being sold on to ordinary or key rearers, shortly before they were ready to start producing eggs. Loans were made available to purchase the chicks and to construct and equip the rearing units. At the same time, smaller loans were advanced to key rearers to create more spacious, well ventilated housing for laying birds. Financial support was accompanied by training in improved rearing techniques, housing systems, improved feeding methods and primary disease prevention, provided in collaboration with local staff of the Department of Livestock. After five years of development in Manikganj, BRAC felt ready to start replicating the basic model in 32 upazilas.

BRAC Poultry Rearing Farms today

Currently the farms are supporting the Poultry and Chicken enterprises by rearing dayold chicks to full-grown chickens. In Bangladesh there are about 34 private poultry hatcheries (including BRACs five) and eight Government hatcheries. About 1 million women are involved in small-scale poultry production under BRACs poultry program.

Poultry Farm
BRF is underwriting development of a small poultry farm run by a highly entrepeneurial
individual. As the former guard or doorman at Mr. Rahman's mother's apartment, this fellow once set up a micro-level poultry raising operation in a tiny, 3ft. x 10 ft. space. He is now doing the same, albeit on a larger plot of land in Savar, a 'suburb' of Dhaka. The land is owned and offered rent-free by Mr. Rahman's uncle. At last count, more than a thousand young hens were busily laying eggs for this venture, and the operation was expanding, with the construction of a second poultry shed. The approximate cost of building this new, 40 ft. x 75 ft. shed is $2,000. BRF opted to underwrite the use bamboo instead of iron wherever possible for the creation of open pens as opposed to individual cages. The bamboo is indigenous and naturally renewable, and thus was preferred to imported iron. And there is something inherently not right about making chickens spend their entire life packed three to a 1 ft. x 3 ft. cage.

The new shed is expected to house 1,100 three-day old chicks, which, at 22 weeks old will begin laying eggs for about 18 months. During their productive period, they will lay an average of 900 or so eggs a day for the flock. The proceeds from about 700 eggs per day will be needed for operating costs (feed and labor), but the rest will be profit and return of invested capital. At 200 eggs per day for 500 days at 4-5 cents per egg, there is an estimated gross return of $4k-$5K on the project on about $3K of invested capital (amortizing the shed over 5 years.) At the end of their laying days, the chickens will be sold for a total of about $1,000, for a grand project profit of $2-3K. BRF estimates that each poultry shed provides direct employment for 1.5 individuals on a continuing basis. Indirectly, a few individuals are likely to be employed through the process of shed building, feed manufacture and distribution, egg collection, marketing, and veterinary services. Very preliminary numbers for this model suggest that a $2,000 investment in infrastructure plus a $3,000 investment in working capital can generate 3-4 permanent jobs. The working capital will be returned to the fund after each batch of chickens is sold. In this way, BRF anticipates that the operation will be self-sustaining after three or four batches. Overall, the goal of the Savar poultry project is to develop prototype operating models for small scale, commercial poultry farms. Savars proximity to Dhaka allows for greater oversight and access to resources. The knowledge and operating expertise gained here will be put to use in other locales. If the second poultry shed works out well, BRF may purchase an adjacent plot of land and build an additional shed as well as a training/research center to support development of additional poultry projects.
http://www.bangladeshrelief.org/poultry.htm

Report on Poultry Product Marketing of CP Bangladesh Co Ltd

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the report Poultry Industry of Bangladesh A Strategic Analysis of Poultry Product Marketing of C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd., it has tried to find out the prospects and the problems of the poultry industry. This report will help the new entrepreneurs and small scale poultry producers. Here the production procedure and marketing system are being highlighted through the marketing process of C P Bangladesh. The grass-root level farmers of poultry are suffering from high risk and insufficient profits. Also the distributors are not enjoying a risk less profit. There is a insecurity and instability found in the market right now. Most of the companies including CP are suffering losses. Due to the deadly threat from bird-flu all the stake holders fear to invest farther. Despite the fear of bird flu C P is investing more and more in the industry to take the advantage of the opportunity of less competition. The raw material price was unstable too due to high demand in the international market. This high price creates a problem for both the company and the farmer. The farmers are getting expert day by day with help of Private companies and government raining facilities. Because of the nature of the product (Live and perishable), the marketing process has faced many difficulties. The companies and the farmers

have to sale their product as soon as it ready. Bangladesh poultry industry is ready to fulfill the demand of this country and in the near future this industry could be exporting poultry product.

1. Introduction
1.1 Origin of the Study
The report has been done as a part of the internship program at the end of MBA degree. The report is based on poultry industry of Bangladesh. Poultry industry is one of the emerging agricultural sectors in Bangladesh. And it is a study on marketing of poultry product of C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. Here it is tried to retrieve the production, marketing, and managing procedure of poultry firms in Bangladesh.

1.2 Objectives of the Report

The reports broad objective is to provide sufficient information about the poultry industry in Bangladesh to develop the recent portrait about this emerging sector. For this reason it is attempted to find out some specific objectives which are mentioned: To provide information about the history of the industry To provide the current market situation To develop a better marketing strategy for the companies Product marketing Strategies of C.P Bangladesh Co. Ltd. Providing information about the competitors To provide information about export & import sector To overcome the subsequent business obstacles To provide information about research & development.

1.3 Background
Poultry is one of the important sectors of agriculture in Bangladesh for maintaining the need of protein and nutrition. This industry is growing largely as a profitable business. This paper will try to come across the insides of the total industry (For chickens and eggs) form production to final consumption. From the 1980s the commercial poultry production are starting in Bangladesh. Now it is seen that small scale poultry production contributes a lot in the total industry. We have to protect it and make bigger to catch the overseas market.

1.4 Scope of the study

In the title of the report it is mentioned that the report name is Poultry Industry of Bangladesh. But this report covers the product marketing (mainly poultry feed and chicken) related proceedings. And it is assumed that chickens are the main poultry product. It is observed that the ducks are used for eggs production mainly. And different types of birds are grown-up in domestic ownership. So it can expect that emphasis on chickens covers the most of the part of poultry industry of Bangladesh.

1.5 Significance of the study

Before the preparation of the paper, many articles and reports are prepared about the poultry industry and poultry product. And it can be expected that the report Poultry Industry of Bangladesh will add some assessment with the previous tasks. It need n ot be mentioned that we have been depended on the industry in everyday which will be beneficial for from several view points: First, we will be informed about the real world situation. Second, we will be familiar about the marketing tasks that are being performed in this sector. Third, what opportunities are exist there and what are the expectations of the employer of a particular farm.

1.6 Research Timeline

The research activities and the associated expected timeframe are shown below in the figure:

1.7 Limitations
To collect information on this topic faced some restrictions. For the lack of time it could not collect information properly. The provided time is about three months for preparing this report. It has experienced time limitations because, three months are not enough time for collecting all the information from the most farms that are scattered all over the country. And the information available on the website and in the other sources was not reliable. The competitor companies mostly provide insufficient information or refuse to provide any information. There is little information about the local companies in the website. To prepare this report I had depend on the company database. For preparing our report, clear; specific and accurate information is required but we cant get sufficient cooperation from the authority to our expected level particularly from the hatchery owner.

2. Methodology
This study is an exploratory one. For the research purpose, a survey was conducted on a small sample of the owners and marketers of the poultry industry as well as consumers. Traders are selected purposively. Data have been presented in descriptive, tabulators, graphics for better and easy analysis simple average and percentage techniques are used to analyze the findings in view of their simplicity and easiness to understand. Report was conducted on the basis of secondary information and the market research done by third parties and the market visit. Information was

collected from company database, relevant papers and documents provided by the Marketing and other divisions, publications of different organizations, daily newspaper provided by market research department, internet, and company websites. The following steps are taken to develop the research paper(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Identifying the required data category and relevant sources Collecting the secondary data from the respective sources Compiling the data and analyzing them by using necessary tools Making recommendations and conclusions

2.1 Research design

Type of the research The research is an exploratory research. Data Type: Both the primary and secondary data of C.P were collected for the research. Sources of Primary Data: C.P.: The sources of primary data are the interviews of the managers and other employees of different departments of C.P. Observation and working with the clients database were other sources of collecting the primary data. Sources of Secondary Data: C.P.: The secondary data were collected from the annual financial reports of the company. Also from the brochures, and Internet web site of C.P.

2.2 The research flowchart

3. Overview of Poultry Industry

3.1 Industry Profile
Poultry is considered as an important source of animal protein all over the world. In Bangladesh, poultry contributes a major share of animal protein simply because of the limitations and religious taboos in case of pork and beef. Bangladesh is a country the people of which consume the lowest percentage of protein than the minimum requirements because of inadequate supply of

protein-generating food products. Poultry meat and egg can effectively fulfill the shortage of protein requirement, since it can be produced at the least cost, lowest time and efforts than the other protein producing animals. Commercial poultry industry is growing rapidly in Bangladesh. Estimate shows that poultry population is increasing at the rate of 6.5% per year in the country. There are over 116.5 million chickens and 13.47 million ducks in Bangladesh. This poultry sector is growing may be because the fish population is declining and people are switching to poultry as a source of animal protein. According to a 2006 census completed by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) and the Poultry Sector Development Project (PSDP), there are approximately 38000 commercial poultry farms housing 124,10,000 layers and 107,84,5000 broilers in Bangladesh (Jarjour, 2006). These poultry farms are producing approximately 10474 tons (I.e., 1063 million tons year) of excreta every day in the country.

3.2 Backdrop Circumstances of Poultry

Following is a summary of the evolution of the poultry industry in Bangladesh. Poultry plays a vital role in Bangladesh & involves 85% of rural people. Improved variety of birds firstly imported in 1935. Six poultry farms were set up in 1947 at different locations of the country, Eggs and Hens in 1964. Biman poultry complex started its operation, after liberation, BRAC developed Rural Poultry Model in 1983. In early nineties, private parent stock farm started. Large scale eggs and meat production have increased production from last 15 years in this country. AFBL introduced dressed chicken marketing at first in Bangladesh. C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. started its operation as a lone foreign company in the Bangladesh poultry industry in 1999. C. P. Started to Marketing Cooked chicken items in 2008.

3.3 Importance of Poultry Production in Bangladesh

Poultry industry adds more values than any other industries. In our daily life we need to take meat for getting animal protein. So the poultry producers produce a big quantity of eggs and

meat which play a great role to the national economy. Poultry contributes a large part of our GDP. Government declared poultry as a thrust sector & classified as agro based industry. Both eggs and chicken meat have huge domestic demand. And poultry is the sector for obvious profit. Government liberalized its policies by introducing easier loan procedure, lower interest rate, tax holiday etc. Free training with payment is provided to the interested from mass people to encourage the willingness. Some small amount loan is given among the people to grow the poultry production. Egg production has been increased during last 10 years; Poultry meat production has been doubled. It contributes- poverty reduction, new employment generation, and nutritional status. There are many people shifted from serial to non-crop about 5 million people.

3.4 Present Poultry Production

3.4.1 Production Categories

In Bangladesh we naturally see four categories of poultry production procedure exist in villages, towns or cities. These are (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Traditional rural backyard scavenging Semi-scavenging, Commercial farming system Contract/ integrated farming system.

In the traditional rural backyard scavenging, we see the poultry are not farmed in scientific way. Many people take training but they do not follow the exact way. This category is mainly used for satisfying domestic needs. The second category is semi-scavenging system where combinations of traditional and scientific approach are used. Commercial and domestic perspectives are considered in semi- scavenging approach. In the commercial farming system is only for commercial purpose and the poultry are produced under a control environment. In the integrated farming system the production chain of poultry exist with producers, feed suppliers, marketers and/or farmers.
3.4.2 Present Management System & Credit Facilities

Most of the farmers are technically unsound. And small farmers are not aware about quality of chicks, quality of feed, disease prevention and control techniques, bio-security of farms, etc. Credit facilities are available from bank, some reputed NGOs s well as the feed sellers. Most of the farmer markets their products with their feed sellers and the whole sellers. The distributors play a vital role in the supply of capital to the farmers as credit facilities. Most of the farmers arrange capital to prepare the farm and purchase day old chicks. But they depend on the distributors for feed. The distributors provide credit facilities to purchase feed for the day old chicks.

3.4.3 Growth Trend of Imported and Local Parent Stock

The growth trend of parent stock (both layer & broiler) imported parent stick and local parent stock ratio is negatively correlated. We see the imported parent stock of chicken was 2,300,000 kgs and local parent stock was only 300,000 kgs. And in 2004 it was 1,900,000kgs and 500,000kgs respectively. In the year 2005 we see the local and imported parent stock became closer in approximate 1,500,000kgs. Finally, in 2006 the local parent stocks exceed imported parent stock. From this statistics we may expect, we will be self-sufficient within the year 2010 in producing parent stock. Exhibit: The growth of parent stock

3.5 Present Status of Poultry Enterprise

In Bangladesh and a gradual improvement and increasing the number of poultry farm have been observed from 1980s. It is very much dreadful if the commercial poultry farm is not created. There hatcheries in the country are increasing their production day by day, so there should be a less crisis for day old chicks for farmers. Government has taken many initiatives to take care for the industry. Numbers of farms have been established in 1990 with bank support. There are 130 hatcheries of which 109 are in operation. Only 18 breeding farms are fully environment controlled. 85% hatchery produces only broiler and rest produce layer. Most of the Companies now have both hatchery and feed mill.

3.6 Poultry farm & Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has developed a model in which poultry is used as a tool of poverty reduction, fostering the idea of community group formation and skill development training regarding improved poultry husbandry practices rolled with micro-credit, for the rural poor especially the women to improve their livelihood, income generation and empowerment. The model comprises a set of mutually supported activities as a framework concept with the aim of poverty reduction, continual improvement and dissemination of husbandry knowledge and modalities. A group of entrepreneurs (enterprises) are established in the model as an integrated chain of production. But rigorous modality and ambitious assumptions leads to uncertain ability, in spite of its long term practice (1993-2004) in the country. Lesson learnt over the period of time during the course of implementation of the model in different projects pinpoints the need of adoption of a simplified version.

3.7 State of the Poultry Farms in Bangladesh

Poultry Industry has become a destination for livelihood of 5.2 million people and its size may increase by five-fold. There are about 112,000 farms, 136 hatcheries and breeder farms, 32 automatic mechanized feed mills, 45 small and medium feed mills and more than 100 medicine companies in operation in Bangladesh. Having started in 1969 commercially, poultry farms have grown many folds over the past years. At the beginning mortality rate of chickens was more than 60 per cent as import of vaccine was not allowed. The growth has been fastest since 1990s though this industry was absolutely commercialized in 1980s. Now 100 per cent domestic demand of poultry is met by this industry. Poultry industry was declared an agro-based industry in 1994 and tax on land used for production was reduced to the rate enjoyed by agro-based industries. To boost this industry the government banned the import of one day chicks for commercial purpose and hatching eggs and eggs for eating from India. Poultry farms were exempted from income tax until the year 2005. Letter of credit (L/C) margin was reduced and made flexible for this industry along with 20 per cent rebate on electricity but the governments initiative to prepare poultry policy was still under process which needed to be finalized immediately.

4. Company Overview
4.1 C.P. Group
The Charoen Pokphand Group is the largest business conglomerate in Thailand. Its chief subsidiary is Charoen Pokphand Foods, which did 116.5 billion baht in revenue in 2005, earning a profit of 6.747 billion baht. Aside from agribusiness, the family-owned holding companys interests range from retailing, as the franchisee of Thailands ubiquitous 7-Eleven stores to telecommunications, as the owner of True Corporation, a mobile telephone, Internet service provider and cable television company.

4.1.1 History
Charoen Pokphand traces its beginnings back to 1921, when brothers Ek Chor and Siew Whooy started the Chia Tai seed shop in Bangkoks Chinatown. They imported seeds and vegetables from China and exported pigs and eggs to Hong Kong. Taking the Thai name Chearavanont, the family business prospered when it adopted the strategy of turning its seed customers into suppliers for an animal feed. In 1954, the company opened its first feed mill (its now the fifth largest feed-mill operator in the world), and it soon branched out into livestock operations, beginning with poultry and then swine. The company has grown into a global business, with more than 250 subsidiaries in 20 countries, including China, where it is known as the Chia Tai Group. The CP Group was formerly a partner in the Tesco Lotus venture with Tesco of the United Kingdom and in Makro stores with that chains Dutch parent company. The company sold its

stakes in those enterprises in 2003 due to its post-1997 crisis policy to focus on 7-Eleven, in which unlike Tesco and Makro it owns a majority, as its flagship retail arm. However, the company kept its shares in Tesco Lotus outlets in China. The company was famous for horizontal integration expanding into several business lines with 45 SET listed companies. After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, C.P. hired Price Waterhouse as its consultant and consolidated into three business lines under its main brand names: foods (C.P. Foods), retail (7-Eleven), and telecommunications (True). Each of these companies has a separate listing but the other listed companies were merged into CPF. Unusually for a Chinese family, C.P.s head, Dhanin, is the youngest sibling. He is known for his vision and compromising nature, and for his belief in geomancy. C.P.s headquarters is located in C.P.Tower on Silom Road, which it purchased over 20 years ago for about 200 million Baht. C.P. is one of only a handful of companies in Thailand given the right to use the Garuda seal.*

4.1.2 Values and Beliefs

For more than 80 years, CP Groups operations and investments both locally and internationally have always contained its three-benefit philosophy. Passionately embedded into our everyday working life, our businesses and affiliates with more than 250,000 employees worldwide firmly uphold that its work must serve as a: Benefit to the Country Benefit to the People Benefit to the Company.

4.1.3 Corporate Culture

How the company work sets it apart from its competitors. Adhering to six guiding principles, its working environment constantly involves: Professionalism Product innovation Customer satisfaction Versatility and adaptability Quality products at lowest prices

Dedication and loyalty of the workforce

4.1.4 Mission
Its mission is to energize the body and mind of communities to which it serveEnergizing the Body

Cultivating and processing crop products for animal feed. Production and further processing of livestock and aquaculture products Providing channels of food consumption through food service and retail outlets

Energizing the Mind

Providing integrated communications and content services through fixed, wireless and cable networks

4.1.5 Subsidiaries:

Charoen Pokphand Foods: Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (SET: CPF) was registered as Charoen Pokphand Feed mill Company Limited on January 17, 1978. Growing into Thailands largest agribusiness firm, it was renamed Charoen Pokphand Foods in 1999 and has the slogan Kitchen of the World. True Corporation: True Corporation Public Company Limited (SET: TRUE) was established in 1990 as TelecomAsia. True controls Thailands largest cable TV provider, True Visions (formerly UBC, a merger of Trues UTV and Shinawatras IBC Cable), its largest ISP TrueInternet, and its third-largest mobile operator TrueMove. True has been a leader in introducing broadband into the country and has about 80% market share. Other than that true also controls the mobile pay company TrueMoney, in addition to that TrueVisions TrueAF is now Thailands most watched show (from June September), earning a vast profit from concert votes. Trues cell phone operator, TrueMove, is right behind DTAC (second largest operator), thanks to fellow True companies that have joined forces. True is now Thailands Largest Convergence Company, and if counted all sub companies, is larger than DTAC and AIS.
4.1.6 Joint ventures

CP-Meiji dairy, with Meiji Dairies of Japan. CP 7 Eleven (SET: CP7-11) with 7-Eleven of Japan. On October 19, 2007, CP7-11 was renamed CP All Public Co. Ltd..

HCPT (the mobile phone network 3 Indonesia) with HTIL

4.1.7 Agro-Business & Food

CPs integrated agribusiness, positions it to meet the worlds changing lifestyles need for affordable, nutritional, and high quality food products. Consisting of five divisions (Seed, animal feed, livestock production, further processing, and trading), its horizontally and vertically integrated agribusiness enables it to create value by supplying needs anywhere across the world. One of the largest animal feed producers in the world, CPs feed manufacturing dates back to 1954, as an offshoot to its original seed supplying business. From its initial development to today, CPs local and international feed mills, produces food for our livestock consisting of poultry, swine, and aquaculture businesses. Its poultry, swine, and aquaculture businesses (CP Foods) were formed through strategic partnerships with leading international livestock organizations over 30 years ago. Today, its operations enables it to breed various livestock, operate farming systems, process meat, and conduct mass food production in both commodity and value-added forms for both local and international consumption. In addition, its agribusiness and food industry business has cleared internationally recognized health and safety regulations, which includes GMP, HACCP, and ISO 9000 and 1400, enabling it with the ability to provide consumer products that are safe and hygienic.

4.2 C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd

4.2.1 Overview:

C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is a sister concern of C.P. Group Thailand. C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is incorporated in Bangladesh on 14th January 1999 doing business in the Agricultural industry, Poultry sector. Though C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is not in Bangladesh many years, but in this shorter period it has established its own Feed mills, Breeder Farm, Hatcheries, G.P. farm, fish feed mill all over the country.
4.2.2 Objective:

C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. has established with a vision To be a leader in Agro -business industry in Bangladesh and each day it is getting closer to its vision.

4.2.3 Strategy
C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. focuses on quality and productivity. C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. prepares them for the future by building world-class facilities, Transferring technology, trained up efficient management. They look at the future with confidence.

4.2.4 Feed mill

C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. has four feed mills in Bangladesh operating in Savar, Narayangonj (Rupgonj), Rajshahi (Putia) and in Chitagong. C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. now produce Poultry feed (both layer and broiler), breeder feed, fish feed and cattle feed. It is planning to produce shrimp feed very soon.

4.2.5 Hatchery
C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. has three hatcheries in Bangladesh situated in Dhaka ( Kaliakoir), Bogra and Chittagong. C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. has the production capacity of 12 lac broiler and 2 lac layer D.O.C per week. C P now produce popular broiler breed Cobb 500 and Ross 308 and Isa brown for layer. It has also started its fish hatchery producing Tilapia fry.
4.2.6 Integration

The Group is moving towards integrated poultry production, and is establishing broiler farms. At present, they are producing 80,000 broilers per week.
4.2.7 Pullet

C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is producing quality pullet for the farmers. the farmers can reduce there egg production time by using pullet.
4.2.8 Production Strategy

C P feed is well known in Bangladesh for its premium quality. The company follows a strict policy starting from collecting its raw material through feed producing. The company is uncompromising about its feed quality. Same goes to its hatchery management.
4.2.9 Management.

C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is run by the Thai management along with Bangladeshi personnel. The company has Thai expert in every crucial sector of its operation.
4.2.10 other business

C P Bangladesh Co. Ltd. has started to market animal health product recently. It has been planning to start its food business very soon

5. Marketing mix of C.P. Bangladesh Co., Ltd.

5.1 Product

Feed
o

Poultry feed Broiler feed Layer feed Breeder feed Pellet and Mash feed Fish feed Protein Concentrate D.O.C (Day old chicks) Broiler chicks Layer chicks Ready pullet Fish fry Animal Health Medicine and Vaccine Cooked food Chicken fry Grill chicken Fresh egg. Hybrid Maize seed

1. C P chicks in the Box

2. C P feed in dealer shop

3. Fresh Egg

5.2 Price
Feed price: C P set a premium price for its feeds. C P has successful to establish its feed quality as benchmark in this country. C P never lowers its feed price than other company to catch market. C P wants to remain the price leader in the market. Chicks price: C P wanted to set a premium price for its chicks but could not establish due to the nature of the product and the nature of the market of Bangladesh. Here the chicks demand is very much unstable. And the C P is not the market leader of chicks market so it has to follow the price set by the market leader most of the time as it sets the market price. A comparison in the poultry feed price with other companies -

Company CP Kazi Aftab Nourish Paragon ACI Godrej

Broiler feed (Starter) 1450 1300 1280 1325 1330 1365

Layer feed (Layer layer) 1200 No feed 1100 1107

1100

Feed price on November 2008, Source: CP Database A comparison in the D.O.C price with other companies Company CP Kazi Aftab Nourish Paragon ACI Godrej Broiler 25 24 22 24 23 22 32 Layer 35 30 30

Chick price on November 2008, Source: CP Database

5.3 Place: Distribution Channel

C P follows the traditional system of distribution of the poultry industry. It has distributors all over Bangladesh. It has try to establish dealer points starting with the poultry zones of the Bangladesh like Saver, Gazipur, Narayangong and the major district. Within five years it has dealers in every district in Bangladesh except those districts without poultry market. CP gives two mainly two types of dealership, 1) Independent dealer 2) Direct feeder. A direct feeder can use CP product only for his farm but can not sell outside. An independent dealer is mainly a reseller to the farmers. It is the job of the independent dealer of that district or area to collect booking for chicks and provide feed for the chicks in that area. An independent dealer can

sell to other dealers or sub-dealer to a remote or small market. The independent dealer can use feed and chicks for his farm also. CP has established its feed mills in the convenient places. It has three feed mills in Dhaka (Saver), Rajshahi, and Chittagong. It has three poultry hatcheries and one fish hatchery. They are in Dhaka, Borga and in Chittagong. The location of its feed mill and hatchery gives it a competitive advantage. A typical CP dealer shop 5.4 Promotions To sell its product CP make various promotional activities. By the policy CP believes less in advertisement as truly poultry product sale less depends on advertisement or the customer seldom move by the advertisement in this industry. Still CP places its advertisements in the poultry Magazines. C P takes participation in the poultry fair and other events. C P focuses on the direct customer and tries to keep contact with them directly. Group selling meeting and seminar is one of the main promotional activities of C P. Along with various technical knowledge cp distribute its product information to the customer and offer various bonus scheme for short period. C P runs several promotional activities for it dealer all the year round. It offers different promotional facilities for the dealers providing a target sale. One of the lucrative offers is the pleasure trip to Thailand for the dealers. Dealers can stay for at least one in a five star hotels and visit the places of Thailand. Dealers in a pleasure trip in Thailand Participating in a poultry fair

6. Analysis of Major Competitors

6.1 Kazi
Kazi Farms Limited was established in 1996 as a hatchery of imported eggs. The following year it started its own parent farms, and in 2004 production started in its grand-parent (GP) farms.

In addition to producing breeder feed to meet it own requirements, in 2006 it established the largest and most advanced feed mill in the country with technical assistance from Cargill USA and Buhler Switzerland. Kazi Farms Group is the grand-parent franchisee of Cobb-Vantress USA for Cobb 500, acknowledged world-wide to be the best broiler. It also has a smaller number of grand-parents of the popular Ross broiler from Aviagen USA. Kazi Farms Group was the first exporter of hatching eggs and day-old chicks from Bangladesh. Kazi Farms Group has over 50 broiler parent farms, layer parent farms, broiler grand-parent (GP) farms, hatcheries, feed mills and sales offices in different locations throughout Bangladesh. Kazi farms has the largest D.O.C production capacity in Bangladesh by producing more then 20 lac chicks per week.
6.1.1 SWOT Analysis Strength:

Highest number of chick production. Highest number of distributors Big capacity feed mill Hatcheries are located in the strategic location. Parent stock. Grand parent stock. Sufficient number of employees.

Weakness:

Maintaining chicks quality Maintaining feed quality. Absent of strong distributors Concentration on chicks selling. Late entrance in the feed marketing

Opportunity:

To sell more feed. Sell grand parents Sell hatching eggs to small hatchery Go for dress meat marketing Go for egg marketing.

Threat:

Bird flu Entrance of multinational companies in the poultry industry

Increase in the production of other company.

6.2 Aftab
Founded in 1991, Aftab Bahumukhi Farms Limited was established at Bhagalpur, Bajitpur in the district of Kishoregonj, about 110 km northeast of DhakaCity. Its main objective was to provide and make available good and hygienic sources of poultry protein, dairy product, fish, vegetables, cereals etc. Under the field of activities it has the following operational divisions: AFTAB POULTRY maintain parent (Breeding) stock in own farm & through contract growers. Producing 2 million day old chicks per month in a modern Hatchery. Producing broiler chicken through contract growers, processing chicken by modern poultry processing plant. Marketing & distributing Day Old Chicks, Live, dressed & portioned chicken throughout the country by its own distribution system. POULTRY FEED MILL was first established primarily to provide balanced feed for the ABFL own poultry. It was later expanded to meet the demand of poultry feed for the larger section of the growing market. At present ABFL has 3 feed mills with capacity of 10000, MT/Month & distributing balanced feed to the farmer throughout the country by its own distribution system. ABFL also has taken a venture to establish another fully automatic feed mill with capacity of 10000 MT / Month at Rupsi, Rupgonj, Narayangonj. AFTAB FISHERIES is very much in rudimentary stages of development . It has at present 25 acres of water area and plans to develop a water area of 200 acres in near future. It products are marketed in Dhaka through its own sales center. AFTAB AGRICULTURE involves some highly prospective land areas in Bajitpur, Kuliarchar. ABFL working with Chinese company for introducing hybrid rice seeds in Bangladesh.

6.2.1 SWOT Analysis of Aftab

Strength:

A concern of one of the biggest group of Bangladesh. Presents of strong distributors Big capacity feed mill Big hatchery. Parent stock. Grand parent stock. Sufficient number of employees. Better access to capital Most experienced

Very well known brand name.

Weakness:

Maintaining chicks quality Maintaining feed quality. Less number of distributors Lack of consistency in the marketing. Absences of challenging management

Opportunity:

To sell more chicks. Sell grand parents Sell hatching eggs to small hatchery Go for dressed meat marketing Go for egg marketing. Feed for large animal Fish feed

Threat:

Bird flu Entrance of multinational companies in the poultry industry Strong competition from local companies.

6.3 Nourish
This farm is one of the biggest farms of Bangladesh. They want to maintain a good quality product and to be in a competitive position in the industry. They always try to offer a competitive good quality product in comparison with the market leaders. As well as maintains the competitive quality breed and technology with response to its market leaders. DOC Broiler, DOC Layer, Feed mill for self-consumption and sales. DOC Broiler, DOC Layer, Feed mill for self-consumption and sales. Nourish started its business with a hatchery and soon they establish the feed mill. Due to their good will for chicks quality, they capture a good share of feed market very fast. Nourish is one of the fasted growing company in the poultry sector. But its growth is now stalled in position due new investment and less effort in the marketing.

6.3.1 SWOT Analysis of Nourish

Strength:

Weakness:

Good brand image Good quality. Minimum fluctuation of rate

Production is poor Maintaining chicks quality Less number of distributors

Good demand for distributorship Big capacity feed mill Parent stock Sufficient number of employees. Good quality breed

Lack good marketing Less number of chicks

Opportunity:

Threat:

To sell more chicks. To increase feed market share. Go for egg marketing. Feed for large animal Fish feed

Bird flu Entrance of multinational companies in the poultry industry Strong competition from local companies.

6.4 Paragon Poultry

Paragon Poultry Limited (PPL), a private limited company, is one of the largest integrated poultry farms engaged in the production of day old commercial chicks, table eggs, and poultry feed. PPL started its journey in 1993 with its commercial layer operation at Gazipur. Over the past 9 years, it has expanded its operation into production of day old chicks and poultry feed. PPL has been the pioneer in introducing state of the art technology and advanced know how in poultry farming and hatching industry in Bangladesh. PPL has also been one of the leading poultry feed manufacturers in Bangladesh. It has been successful in establishing its brand name in the market by maintaining a rapid market growth and gaining buyer confidence. As Paragon understands and believes the endless effort should be continued to keep the highest standard and the leading position in the market.
6.4.1 SWOT Analysis of Paragon Strength:

Weakness:

Mr. Moshiur Rahman is the chairman of the poultry breeder association Presents of strong distributors Big capacity feed mill Big hatchery. Parent stock. Grand parent stock. Sufficient number of employees. Better access to capital

Maintaining chicks quality Maintaining feed quality. Less number of distributors Image of medium class feed quality.

Opportunity:

Threat:

To sell more chicks.

Bird flu

Sell grand parents Sell hatching eggs to small hatchery Go for dressed meat marketing Go for egg marketing. Feed for large animal Fish feed

Entrance of multinational companies in the poultry industry Strong competition from local companies.

6.5 ACI Godrej

Godrej is a pioneer in the packaged meat business in India. It is also the market leader in the poultry industry, and the owner of Real Good brand. ACI and Godrej have a joint venture in Bangladesh to set up an Integrated Poultry Project. Under this project, ACI Godrej Agrovet has already set up a feed mill at Sirajganj. This is fully automatic pellet poultry and fisheries feed mill, which uses technology from Jiangsu Muyang group of China. The company has also set up a hatchery at Joynabazar, on the Dhaka Mymensingh road, with technology from Godrej. The plans for this project also include establishing Grand Parents and Parent Stock breeding farms. The investment in the project is Taka 8 crores, with ACI Limited having 50% shareholding of the company.
6.5.1 SWOT Analysis Strength:

Weakness:

Godrej is the market leader in Indian poultry market. ACI is one the prominent company in Bangladesh. Big capacity feed mill Parent stock. Sufficient number of employees. Better access to capital Well known brand name.

Less number of distributors Less number of chicks production. New in the market. Start business without a hatchery.

Opportunity:

Threat:

To sell more chicks. Increase Market share of feed

Bird flu Entrance of multinational companies in the poultry industry Strong competition from local companies.

6.6 New hope

New Hope one of Chinas biggest animal feed producers already producing finished feed in Bangladesh. New Hope began production at its newly-built feed mill in Gazipur earlier this year and has the capacity to become the biggest in Bangladesh. New Hope has already invested $5.0 m in Bangladesh and is sole owner of the new 30 tonne/hour (t/hr) capacity plant. New Hope Feed Mill Bangladesh is a subsidiary of New Hope Group. The New hope Feed Mill is now producing and selling poultry feeds under its New Hope brand. New Hope has entered the Bangladesh market at a difficult time, facing double trouble from the 16-month long outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza and high input costs that are stopping some producers from re-starting business.
6.6.1 SWOT Analysis Strength:

Weakness:

New Hope is the market leader in China. Big capacity feed mill. Better access to capital.

No Hatchery. New brand name in Bangladesh High establishment cost.

Opportunity:

Threat:

To sell chicks. Feed for large animal Fish feed Increase feed sales

Bird flu Entrance of multinational companies in the poultry industry Strong competition from local companies.

7. Poultry Industry & Blend of Marketing Variables

The production of poultry, like any other production, cannot make any sense, until and unless they are made available to the target customers in the right time, at the right place, with the right price. Here comes the matter of marketing which makes all these possible. Among all other aspects of marketing, this present study concentrates on the distribution of poultry products in DhakaCity with particular importance on the marketing cost and profit of the channel members. The term poultry implies a wide variety of birds and species, but here, for the study p urpose, its limit the term poultry to mean commercially- produced broilers and farm-produced eggs.

7.1 Productions and Product

Producers / Production Procedures: Satarkul area of Badda is used visiting poultry farms. There are more than 10/12 farms with huge area. Three firms are visited and talked with the

producers or owner of the farm. The broiler producing procedure is being illustrated. Two-day older chickens are collected by the production house or farm of boilers and layers. After then these are kept in a place of a certain temperature. Boilers are hold in this place for two weeks and layers are hold here for (18) eighteen weeks. The normal farmers of chicken and egg producers cannot breed chicken from eggs. They need to depend on hatchery. The small farmers buy chickens and feeds from there, after C.P etc. are renounced hatchery owners in Bangladesh. The boiler farmers normally sell the chickens after 40 days and the weight of those is about 1.5 kg. After passing first 18 weeks, the layer chickens lay eggs. They keep the chickens for 80 weeks. And these are sold then when every chicken weight three or more kg. The farmer who produces 2000 boilers can earn 1 lakh taka per month and layer producers can earn 2, 20,000 taka for the same case by selling eggs. The main production cost of farmers is for feedings, gas, electricity, labor cost, land rent, plant maintenance, other machinery equipments, chemicals etc.

These are collected from the hatchery to make the chicken older for selling the broilers in market. Farmers taking care these chickens for 30 or 40 days in the bed.

Exhibit: Two days older Chickens

To grow the broiler the farmer needs to take huge care for the broilers. A comfortable living space is very much necessary for the broilers. The broiler chickens normally grow in bed. The position, width, length, height, ceiling, floor, door of the house where the broilers live should be appropriate and scientific to produce chickens. Exhibit: A Normal Scenario of Broiler Farm A standard measurement for broilers according to time (age), heat of the room, weight, ventilation, and living space size is given. Age Week 1 2 3 4 Density of Broilers Living Space Per Broiler (Square Feet) 0.20-0.25 0.20-0.25 0.25-0.50 0.25-0.50 Temperature of House F C 90o 85o 80o 78o 32.0o 29.4o 26.6o 25.0o Ventilation (Per Chick / Per Minute ) Bellow 1 1 2 3 Weight KGs 0.15 0.40 0.72 1.12

5 6 7 8

0.70-0.80 0.75-0.90 1.00 1.50

75o 70o 70o 70o

23.8o 21.1o 21.1o 21.1o

3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

1.54 2.01 2.52 3.03

Picture: Thirty Five Days Older Broiler (Weight- 1.4 kg) It is very much important for the farmers to select the strong and disease free chicken. Because, good chicken (one day older) can ensure nice production of broilers. Here the present demand for poultry feed of our country is provide. The necessity of feed for 2007 can be assumed from the statistics. Present demand for poultry feed (MT):
Particulars

Year 1995 2000 0.62 0.341 0.044 1.055 0.276 2005 1.1 0.8 0.057 1.8 0.935

Layer feed (MT) Broiler feed (,,) Cockerel feed (,,) Total feed required (MT) Industrial feed (MT) Industrial feed usage Layer Broiler Cockerel

0.40 0.097 0.031 0.528 0.018

3% 7% 2%

20% 42% 20%

18% 90% 30%

Source: Particulars Year 1995 2000 2005 The Layer chickens are grown for eggs production is very much sensitive in environment. The red layer laid red (brown) eggs and white fathered layer laid white eggs. But there is no difference between these red and white eggs in nutrition value. Eighty Weeks Older Layers would be sold out in the market as meat. Exhibit: Layer Chicken for Eggs only

An entertaining matter is the people of Bangladesh prefer brown eggs rather white eggs. But the people of USA like the white eggs very much. The preference depends on the cultural thinking process nothing another reason.

7.2 Price of Eggs and Chicks

As the eggs and chickens are very much essential in our daily life, the price of these products is determined according to the market demand. The people of the country have enough purchasing power to buy chickens and eggs for their families. Retail Price in Dhaka City: In June 16, 2007 it has get some retrial price from different market of Dhaka city. Price of Chicken (Broiler):
Markets of Dhaka Karwan Bazar Jatrabari Bazar Badda Bazar Malibag Bazar

Price/ kg 95 tk 90 tk 100 tk 95 tk

Average Retail Price of Chicken/ kg = (95+90+100+95)/ 4 = 95 tk Price of Eggs:

Markets of Dhaka Karwan Bazar Jatrabari Bazar Badda Bazar Malibag Bazar

Price/ 100 Pieces 390 tk 400 tk 395 tk 410 tk

Average Retail Price of Eggs/ 100 Pieces = (390+400+395+410)/ 4 = 398.75

The price of the poultry product is moderate high and this is not a problem for farmer or intermediaries to get reasonable profit from the market. But if more production is possible then the price will be low for the consumer. In the early months of 2007 the price was decreased for the threat of Bird Flu.

7.2.1 Price spread for Broilers

For the convenience of study the data only collected from DhakaCity only to understand the pricing system running in the broiler market. Here it is assumed there are two members between poultry farmer and consumer, they are wholesalers and retailers. This pricing is around the real market price. We see wholesalers receive 10.53% of selling price and retailer receive 6.91% of selling price as profit. Broiler producers take around 20% profit of selling price and they contribute a lot to produce broilers. Farmers have financial risk and uncertainty of reasonable profit. The following provide us a general look about the broiler price at present time
Particulars Amount (TK.) % of Amount

Consumers purchase price Wholesalers Purchase price:

95.00 70.00

100.00 73.68%

Cost incurred by the wholesalers 1) Weight loss & mortality 2) Rent & labor 3) Transportation 4) Feeding & case 5) Tools & others : 1.10 : 0.94 : 0.92 : 0.64 : 0.57

=4.17
Wholesalers profit Retailers purchase price : Cost incurred by the retailers 1) Feeding & case 2) Weight loss & mortality 3) Rent & labor : 1.30 : 1.20 : 0.76 10.00 84.17

4.39% 10.53% 88.60%

4) Tools & others 5) Transportation

: 0.64 : 0.46

=4.27
Retailers Profit Retailers selling price or 6.56 95.00

4.49% 6.91% 100%

Consumers purchase price:

Channel: Wholesalers Retailers Consumers

Source: Field Survey (Data Collection Time- 16/ 06/ 2007)

7.2.2 Price Spread for Farm Eggs

Few years before, it was 36tk for a dozen but in June, 2007 consumer needs to pay 48tk per dozen. The price is increasing very much frequently because of increasing cost of feeds, materials and other production materials. The intermediaries also take more profit now the time. The Layer farmer need to give feed to the each layer chicken about 1tk. More vaccination cost needs to make the chicken safe. In the given price information we see about 15% profit of final price has been taken by the retailers. The wholesaler takes 5.24% of the selling profit as profit.
Particulars Amount (TK.) % of Amount

Consumers purchase price Wholesalers Purchase price:

400.00 275.00

100% 68.75%

Cost incurred by the wholesalers 1) Weight loss & damage 2) Rent & labor 3) Transportation 4) Feeding & case 5) Tools & others : 4.76 : 2.86 : 1.78 : 1.44 : 0.86

=34.02

8.51%

Wholesalers profit Retailers purchase price : Cost incurred by the retailers 1) Feeding & case 2) Weight loss & damage 3) Rent & labor 4) Tools & others 5) Transportation : 2.02 : 1.17 : 0.42 : 0.37 : 0.29

20.98 330.00

5.24% 88.60%

=13.88
Retailers Profit Retailers selling price or 56.12 400.00

3.47% 14.03% 100%

Consumers purchase price:

Channel: Wholesalers Retailers Consumers

Source: Field Survey (Data Collection Time- 16/ 06/ 2007)

The intermediaries cost for feeding & case, weight loss & damage of chickens, transportation, tools, rent & labor. The retailer as well as the wholesaler needs to occupy these costs which take approximately 20% of final price. Real Life Example: To better understand the Marketing cost and Profit margin for Different Intermediaries we can see the AFBLs costs of Broilers and Farm eggs. This is measured in the late 2006 by AFBL.
Intermediaries

Broilers (per Kg) Cost (TK) Profit (TK) 4.47 1.86

Farm-eggs (100 pcs)

Cost (TK) 38.02

1) ABFL 2) Aratdars \ Wholesalers

1.53 3.07

Profit (TK) 21,98

3) Retailer

4.28

4.63

13,88

31.12

Exhibit: Marketing Cost and Profit for Different Intermediaries

7.3 Distribution System

There is no selective distribution system in selling poultry products. The retailers purchase eggs or chickens from previous intermediaries and sell in the final consumers. The transportation is very much simple. But a restricted form of distribution is observed in the initial stage between hatchery owners and poultry farmers in this industry. Exhibit: Common Scenario of Poultry Transportation
7.3.1 Current Poultry Product flows of Bangladesh

There are many parties involved in the poultry production to marketing activities. The village poultry reapers collect day old chicks from chick reapers. The village poultry reapers also need the help of other party for vaccination and medicine supply. The community poultry workers (CPW) help the poultry farmers by providing the information and economic leverage. Exhibit: Current Poultry Product flows of Bangladesh
7.3.2 General Distribution Channels of Poultry Industry

It is very difficult to identify the all things of marketing and distribution of the whole industry about poultry. So it will be discussed about the possible distribution channels of broilers and eggs. There distribution channel of poultry are as usual. There are two type of distribution channel are observed for poultry product. One is the distribution channel for broiler and another is distribution channel for eggs. Here some terms should define. Broiler farms are those farms that produce eggs or broilers. Institutional buyers are the organization which serves the product to its clients. Such as school canteen, universities cafeteria, hotels, motels, restaurant etc. Wholesalers and retailers are middlemen of the channels. Suppliers fulfill the demand of institutional buyers. And consumers are who purchase poultry product for their own consumption. These all are literature review. Exhibit: Broiler Marketing Channels The price varied from the farm gate to the retail shop in large scale. One can buy hundred eggs from Shaver by 280tk but if he/she comes in Dhaka city then he/she has to pay about 400tk for this. For that reason the instructional buyers purchase from Layer farmers. The normal individual consumers depend on the wholesaler and retailer. So the price differs huge from the initial price by 30 or more percent. Institutional buyer relies on suppliers to get necessary supply. And some layer farmers cannot fulfill one institutional buyers demand. In the poultry sector the distributors specially takes a huge amount of profit. But they keep the products just for few days. Retailers and wholesalers are very much helpful to make the poultry product available all over the country.

So we never support to eliminate the intermediaries from the poultry product distribution channel. But the intermediaries should have prohibited taking high profit because of their less risk talking tendency and low time involvement. Distribution is easy in poultry and it is very much essential to send the broiler in the consumer in time. Because, keeping cost of more day expense unnecessarily. And eggs are also perishable so that it should be marketed as early as possible. For these reasons market distribution system should be fast and forceful to gain a profitable poultry industry. Exhibit: Egg Marketing Channels

7.3.3 Channels of Distribution of Broilers & Eggs in Dhaka City

As many as six channels, from one tier to three tiers, for the distributing of broilers and five channels for eggs have been identified in Dhaka city markets. Distribution channels of broiler consist of layer farms, wholesalers, suppliers, retailers, and institutional buyers. Suppliers are those who have no permanent shops of their own but distribute goods mainly to the institutional buyers with their own transport vehicles after purchasing from the wholesalers or broiler farmers. Institutional buyers which include hotels, fast food shops, department stores, and other residential halls and hostels in Dhaka city area, obtain their supply of broilers and egg either from the farmers. Aratdars/wholesalers, retailers are the suppliers. But in case of eggs a radars are the prime source of supply to distribute them in Dhaka city markets through wholesalers, retailers, suppliers or institutional buyers like general stores, department stores or other one-stop shopping centers in Dhaka city. Dressed broilers are mainly distributed through the channels consisting of Farmers, institutional buyers, and Consumers.
7.3.4 Sources of Supply of Broilers and Eggs

The major sources of supply of broilers in Dhaka city are the surrounding districts like Gazipur, Savar, Narayangonj, Norsingdi, Munsigonj, and Kishorgonj. Among these, Savar, Gazipur and Norsingdi are the largest sources of supply. It is also found that some small farmers of Dhaka city supply broilers in the city market.

7.4 Promotional Activities

Promotional Situation: If is talked about the promotion activities then there is few effort are exist in the Bangladeshi market. Because of, no branding is developed about the eggs and few branding in chicken (but not any promotional activities) in our country. And you see the poultry feedings and seed chickens have huge branding activities but if you talk about the promotion on there then you will see no promotional activities without personnel selling. We expect for the near future promotional activities will be observed in poultry sector largely. And there may be chance of branding of chicken and eggs as well. Branding of dressed chicken has already been introduced in Bangladesh. But Internet ads are seen in web sites by foreign large poultry farms. BangladeshPoultry.com is the best way to the largest poultry market of Bangladesh. Through this site our poultry entrepreneurs and technologists will get a chance to interact with national or international counterpart colleagues engaged in poultry related business, development, education and research.

The marketing blend works in the poultry industry of Bangladesh like this way. There is no product differentiation of different farms. Small scale production from small farmers and price determined according to market demand and supply. The distribution system is very much mass targeted and there is no promotional effort as to say. It may expect that there will be an enormous change in poultry industry of Bangladesh within few years.

8. Poultry Industry & Its Prospects

8.1 Domestic Demand of Poultry Product
Bangladesh is a large market of poultry product because of its population. We need to produce more poultry to serve our domestic demand. To prove the high domestic demand there are some statistics can be shown. Requirement & availability of meat & eggs:

Product Meat (all type)

Requirement 43.8 kg(120gmday)

Availability 4.57 kg(12.51gm/day)

Deficit 39.23 kg(107.49 gm/day)

Deficit 89.56%

Eggs

104 (2/wk)

25 (0.486/wk)

79 (1.51/wk)

75.96%

Average consumption is much lower then other countries in our country. So we can say we have huge demand of chickens and eggs. The poultry farmers can produce more broilers and eggs to satisfy the present demand insight the country. Comparative price of chicken meat & beef (Tk./kg) Last 7 years price (Tk/kg) trend of dressed Chicken meat and Beef: The following chart shows us the comparative price between chicken meat and beef. Before 2003 the price of chicken was higher than the price of beef. In 2007 we see the price per kg beef is 180tk and the price of chicken meat per kg is 95tk. So meat of chicken has huge demand. Growth of commercial poultry in Bangladesh: We have no statistics of 2006 about the growth of commercial poultry in our country. But it is possible to estimate about the raising trend of layer and broiler chicken.

Particulars

1991

2000

2001

Year 2002

2003

2004

2005

In Thousands
Layer ParentStock Day old chickper year Day old chickper week Broiler ParentStock Day old chickper year Day old chickper week

22.5 2025

145 13050

236 21240

370 33300

138 12420

344 30960

212 19080

38.9

250

408

640

239

595

367

30 3540

750 90000

1062 100359

1381 116000

1952 163968

2299 164148

2292 192528

68

1730

1929

2230

3153

3156

3702

Exhibit: Growth of commercial poultry in Bangladesh Poultry is an emerging and important sector that has been contributing progressively to our economy for the past decade. Poultry is one of the fastest growing and most promising industries with the brightest of futures for our country. Poultry sector are playing a very vital role in the reduction of poverty, malnutrition and unemployment problems of our country. Poultry farming is important because relatively cost effective investment. The house wives can create a small poultry farm insight their home. And this can support additional income for their families. And small amount of loan can be received from government. We can develop the poultry as small industry as well as large industry in our country. Family poultry production can help in malnutrition to the members. One can be self-employed and create employment for others through poultry production. So there is a large prospect of poultry industry and supporting sectors in Bangladesh.

8.2 Exporting Prospect of Poultry Product

Consumption of meat in developing countries grew by 70 MMT (Million Metric Tons) from 26 MMT in developed countries. So it is an opportunity to export poultry products out side the country. Bangladesh stays beside India, Nepal, China, Japan those are large emerging market for poultry. Now it is the appropriate time to capture the big market. Another thing is that the neighboring countries are not so much alert to the poultry specific quality (certain nutritional

value in defined percentage). So we should go for mass production and try to export outside the country. In the meantime we can develop the basic quality of poultry products. The prepared food can also export in the foreign country. Dressed chicken is the most essential food item in the European countries. We could supply this in Middle East as profitable operation in international market. It is not impossible for the part of Bangladesh. There is a lot of opportunities to sell poultry product specially meat in the foreign countries and earn a lot of foreign exchange. The poultry industry has the power to earn money from India, Pakistan, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, and countries of Middle East. We may export dressed chicken, fresh meat, or prepared food by chicken. There may be some chance to export days older chicken and developed quality eggs for breed day older chicken. So we should provide effort to export poultry in foreign countries as early as possible. 9. Problems in the poultry industry

9.1 Bird Flue- Great Threat for Poultry Industry

9.1.1 Characterization of Avian influenza

Avian influenza (bird flu, avian flu) is caused by a type of influenza virus that is hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals. It was first identified in Italy in the early 1900s and is now known to exist worldwide. A strain of the H5N1-type of avian influenza virus that emerged in 1997 has been identified as the most likely source of a future influenza pandemic (virus). Strains of avian influenza virus may infect various types of animals, including birds, pigs, horses, seals, whales and humans. However, wild fowl act as natural asymptomatic carriers, spreading it to more susceptible domestic stocks. Avian influenza virus spreads in the air and in manure and there is no evidence that the virus can survive in well cooked meat.
9.1.2 Poultry industry vulnerable to Avian Influenza

Bangladeshs poultry industry is highly vulnerable to Avian Influenza virus, dreaded bird flu, due to its geographical location and dependence on chicken imports. It is a dangerous threat for the poultry industry of the whole world. But Bangladesh is affected by bard flu and the proper authority should take proper action to take away it and the consumer will be well informed about the disease. Already Bangladesh government refused all type of import from the foreign country. Since some 20 per cent people of the country depend on poultry industry and they need appropriate preventive measures against Avian Influenza that can be transmitted to human body. The Avian Influenza, which broke out in 10 Asian countries last year, totally shaking their economies; Bangladesh is also fall into the holocaust this year. After all, a standard guideline for this industry is needed and appropriate support to the industry may save huge amounts of foreign exchange and it may pave the way of earning money by export as export started. If we fail to protect the bird flu threat from the country as early as possible, there may a chance to destroy the industry from Bangladesh. Now we should try to reduce the amount of misplace.

9.1.3 Bird Flu Enters into Bangladesh

The dreaded Avian Influenza virus, better known as bird flu has been detected at the Biman poultry farm complex at Savar on the outskirts of the capital. The virus that has claimed many lives and played disaster with poultry industry in some countries of Asia and Europe was also detected in neighboring India and Myanmar only recently. So, despite all the defensive measures, its entry could not be stopped finally. The authorities concerned have reportedly taken a few emergency steps to stop spread of the disease and advised the people not to be panicked by the disease and continue consuming cooked poultry meat and boiled or fried eggs as usual. Fortunately, until now the disease has not been detected among the poultry birds in other parts of the country. The authorities, meanwhile, have culled more than 35000 poultry birds within a couple of days. Besides, decision has been taken to destroy all poultry birds within one kilometer radius of the Biman poultry farm at Savar. The members of the armed forces have cordoned the risk zone to stop any attempt to smuggle out poultry birds from there. When Avian flu appeared in a pandemic form in China and some other Southeast Asian countries about a couple of years back, Bangladesh with the active help from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) started taking precautionary measures and formed a national task force on bird flu in 2005. Besides, an action plan, styled, National Avian Influenza and Human Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan, Bangladesh 2006-2008, is in place to combat the disease in line with the FAO and WHO guidelines. Under the guidelines, the members of the taskforce have restricted movement of humans and animals near the bird flu affected areas. The health related safety and security of the people involved in the operations of the poultry firms is always a concern, for, contrary to the claims of the government about adequate safety measures against the Avian flu, they do not give much importance to the problem. The authorities can cull poultry birds and restrict movement of humans and animals in the affected areas but they can hardly change the habit of workers handling poultry birds carelessly. So, the element of health risk is very much real in the bird-flu infected areas. What is more important is the possible negative effect on the countrys Tk 50 billion poultry industry which has been doing fairly well with the necessary supports from the government, notwithstanding the fact that the consumers are yet to get any price-relief out of the duty rebates given on poultry-sector related imports. In spite of the assurances from the authorities the sector might go through a turbulent time because of the detection of Avian Influenza virus in poultry birds that can be easily transmitted to humans. But much would depend on the governments ability to stop the spread of the disease in poultry birds of other areas of the country. The news about anyone being afflicted with the virus might stir panic among the population and play confusion with the poultry industry in particular. Exhibit: The government worker destroying bird-flu infected chicken 9.1.4 Poultry Vaccination as a Strategy for Controlling AI in commercial birds Outbreaks of avian influenza in the poultry industry cause devastating economic losses and is generally controlled through extensive culling of infected birds. Alternative strategies also use vaccination as a supplementary control measure during avian influenza outbreaks. There is no treatment of avian flu till now. But flu can be controlled by vaccination. The central veterinary organization can ensure the proper action for vaccination program.

Exhibit: Vaccination Cream of Flu

9.1.5 How Avian Flu Spread Out

Avian flu spreads out through chickens, ducks, doves, foxes, or wild birds. The symptoms of the disease depend on virus and carrier birds. The virus of this disease can be spread out by different ways. To bring new birds which are affected insight the farm To the human beings (employees, brokers, buyers or relatives) enters in the farm with the avian flu germ Wild animals specially birds can enter in the farm area and can affect the poultry From the market place or the away of transportation of poultry Food purchased from dealers can carry the germ of flu Infected died chickens which are eaten by dogs Infected chickens dust can be the cause of avian influenza If any poultry products or animals are gone to the fresh farm or area where flu is not observed, can be a reason of avian influenza We can show the ways of affecting the bird flu by two types. One is direct way and another is indirect way of affecting bird flu. In direct way the farm is affected by its domestic birds or wild birds. Human beings or vehicle can be affecting indirect way. Exhibit: Ways of Affecting Bird Flu
9.1.6 What Should We Do to Go Away from Avian Flu

Avian Flu can destroy the whole poultry industry. We have to protect our poultry from avian flu. Every parties related to the poultry has some particular duties and responsibility to get relive from the avian flu. As the flu has already flown in some towns and cities of Bangladesh, we should try to protect the rest territories from the avian flu. The related parties of poultry industry are consumers, distributors, farmers, Government and NGOs etc. Every party should do their own activities to get out from danger of avian flu. The farmer should ensure natural security for the chickens. Natural security means the keep chickens free from germs and other hazards. Actually it is an easy concept. The natural security is just an effort to keep the farm neat and clean. This will help the farm keep out not only from avian flu but also other diseases. So to ensure the natural security is very important. There is no certain time like summer or winter for avian flu. It can affect the farms any time. Even this disease can observe if there is no where it

began. When any area besides the farm are breaking out the avian flu, the chance of flu become increasing. The flu may be flown through human beings or birds or any type of animals.
9.1.7 Principle Policies or Rules to Save the Farms

Three rules should be following to save the farms. These are simple to say but broad in meaning. That arePrinciple- 1: To keep the farms chicken well To keep the chicken well means free from germs. In the terms of poultry we should give sufficient clean water and food. Necessary housing of the chicken is another requirement for keeping farm well. Provide proper medicine in time and vaccination. If the chicken does not in good condition then the chicken may fall in diseases or the production eggs and meat may decrease. Principle- 2: To keep the chicken in a safe environment It is really difficult for small scale production to keep the chicken of farm in a safe environment. Because maintaining natural security becomes impossible for small farm. So the farmers can follow some rules. Poultry should keep in a locked room. The get together between hens and cooks should be controlled by time and need. The farm should be free from other birds. Especially the farm should not establish in bills areas. Different types of birds like winter guest birds, ducks and other national birds may cause for avian flu. But many of the farms establish in the bills area in Bangladesh. We see the saver is full of cannels and bills and attract of avian flu started from that place. Exhibit: Poultry Farm in Bill Area is Risky to Flu If any affected chicken can be identified then the chicken should be keep out from the disease free chicken. The farm keepers should be got them free from germs before entering into farm. Principle- 3: To keep the entrees of farm in control The materials coming from affected area can harm to a safe farm. The entrees of neighbor or visitors entree should be prohibited. The distributors are kept away from the farm environment. Even the family members who come from outside should ban to entry without cleanness.
9.1.8 Wide-ranging Maintenance of Poultry Farm

The doctor or the vaccine provider who has come from other farms can carry the germ of avian flu. New day old chicken can bring the avian flu. The chicken are brought in market for selling are backed could be a cause of flu. Dogs and cats which are moving insight the farm can carry the flu. And we see in the exhibit that the motor vans or carriers of poultry product may be the possible cause of flu. To purchase of natural fertilizer from affected farm can carry the flu. Very often this maintenance may be difficult for poultry farmers but if they want to ensure their profit

then these are needed to do. The farmers need to change their previous habit. Every time it should be remember that the flu can be flown by the farmer himself or outsiders. The feedings of the poultry should be kept in a secure place away from the living home. Use soap and other chemical to protect the clothing clean and germ free. The farmer may use different shoe for entering in the farm. Germ killer should spree at least two times per week. The farm can delay to farm poultry in the time of breaking out avian influenza. The weak chicken should keep in different place from the strong chicken. It should not wise decision to keep the newly purchased chicken with older one. It is difficult to the part of farmers to identify the flu by the farmers. But two things can make clear about the virus of avian flu. Firstly, unexpected death within 24 hours of strong chicken may be the cause of avian flu in an affected territory. Secondly, it is seen that the average death of poultry is more than 5% of the farm.
9.1.9 Dead Poultry and the Farmers Responsibility

If farmer saw the cause of death of the chicken may be avian influenza the farmer must inform the proper authority. Dont try to sell the flu infected poultry in the market. Dont through the dead chicken into the river or pond. The dead chicken should be packed and tomb in the ground by making a hole. And the informed district poultry officer will visit the farm and kill the chicken as need to save the others. The killed chicken will packed and route in the previous way. Another way to route the dead poultry is burnt by fire. But it can pollute the environment. After cleaning all the materials used by the infected chicken the farmers can farm new chicken after 3 weeks. Avian influenza can be controlled if the information can get at the right time as far as possible. This is now reality to maintain the farm with the threat of flu. In summing up the chapter it can say avian influenza or flu which can enter in human body as bird flu is very much dangerous of the poultry industry all over the world. But if we follow the rules of avian flu protection then this can reduce our loss.

9.2 Sidr: Another Hit in the Poultry industry

Cyclone punctures Bangladesh poultry industry Bangladeshs livestock sector has suffered losses of around 3 billion taka (29 m, US$43 m) in the recent cyclone Sidr (November 2007) According to the Department of Livestock Services, over 2.2 million poultry were killed in 4 badly affected districts in the coastal area, and a total of 27 million poultry were affected in the devastating cyclone in 12 southern and southwestern districts. Additionally, it is also feared that a huge number of poultry are feared to have died due to various post-cyclone infectious diseases. As part of long-term measures, the livestock department has said that it will develop infrastructure for poultry farms.

The fierce cyclone hit Bangladeshs southern and southwestern coastal areas in mid-November, leaving over 3000 dead and millions affected in 30 out of the countrys 64 districts. (A preliminary estimate puts the total loss from the cyclone at 1.5 b (US$2.31 b), including rural infrastructure, schools, crops and livestock.)

9.3 Poultry disease

Disease is defined as a departure from health, and includes any condition that impairs normal body functions. Disease results from a combination of indirect causes that reduce resistance or predispose an animal to catching a disease, as well as the direct causes that produce the disease (Damerow, 1994). Direct causes can be divided into two main categories, infectious and noninfectious. Some of the non-infectious conditions may result in reduced immune response (e.g. problems with nutrition), or increased contact with infectious organisms (e.g. poor housing and management), and will lead to increased incidences of infectious diseases. Disease as a Cause of Mortality in Poultry The low productivity in traditional systems is mainly due to high mortality, which is caused by mismanagement, diseases, lack of nutritional feeding and predators. In traditional systems the mortality has been estimated to be in the range of 80 90% within the first year after hatching (Permin and Hansen, 1998). In most family poultry flocks, disease is an important problem. Diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention of diseases are of major importance to any attempts at increasing productivity. In commercial production systems chickens are therefore routinely vaccinated against major diseases such as Newcastle Disease, Mareks Disease, Infectious bronchitis, Avian Influenza and others, depending on the specific situations and recommendations in each country.
However, it must also be stressed that disease may not be the highest cause of mortality. A study found that in parts if India predation may be a more important cause of mortality than disease. In such situations, it may be more important to first tackle the problem of predation than spend too many resources on disease prevention. Once predation pressures are reduced, then disease prevention will be more important.

Another cause of reduced productivity is the quality of hatching eggs, which may result in only small numbers of eggs hatching. The same research project in India (research project R7633) found that productivity was increased by introduction of simple techniques such as candling. Predators may be the dominant cause of mortality in poultry

9.3.1 Important Diseases of Poultry

Poultry diseases can be divided into five groups, namely those caused by bacteria, by viruses, by fungal infections, by parasites, and those resulting from nutritional deficiency. To this list should

also be added problems caused by or made worse as result of, poor housing and management and by stress.( The tables below are adapted from Permin and Bisgaard (1999), who summarised those diseases that were most likely to cause problems under free range or village (scavenging) conditions) 15.3.1 Bacterial Diseases Important bacterial diseases in free age group where the disease is most often observed
Disease Escherichia coli Salmonella spp. Salmonella pullorum Salmonella gallinarum Pasteurella multocida Haemophilus paragallinarum (Coryza) Clostridium perfringens Mycobacterium avium Mycoplasma gallisepticum Mycoplasma synoviae Age group All ages, but mainly chicks All ages, but mainly chicks Chicks < 3 weeks Growers, adults Growers, adults Growers, adults All ages, but mainly growers Adults All ages All ages

range

poultry

and

the

Viral Diseases Important viral diseases in free and the age group where the disease is most often observed
Disease Mareks disease * Leukosis * Newcastle disease Fowl Pox Age group > 6 weeks Adults Mainly growers and adults All ages

range

poultry

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Infectious Bursal Disease * Gumboro Avian Flu

Growers, adults < 8 weeks

All ages

*immunosuppressive disease Fungal Diseases Important fungal diseases in free and the age group where the disease is most often observed
Disease Aspergilloses Mycotoxicoses, including:

range

poultry

Age group Chicks All ages

Aflatoxicosis Fusariotoxicosis Ochratoxicosis

Parasitic Diseases (including Protozoan Diseases) Important parasitic diseases in free range poultry and the age group where the disease is most often observed
Disease Coccidiosis Histomoniasis Nematodes Haemoparasites Ectoparasites Age group Chicks, growers, (adults) 1-3 months All ages Chicks, growers Chicks, growers

9.4 Economic affect of Disease:

Disease Bird flu New castle

Mortality 100% 30%- 80%

Economic affect Total loss Cost of Mortality, vaccination, anti-bacterial medicine. Reduction in egg production Cost of Mortality, vaccination, anti-bacterial medicine Reduction in egg production, continuous mortality Hamper growth, Bad F.C.R, cost of Medicine Hamper growth, reduce egg production, huge cost of medicine Loss of mortality, huge reduction in egg production Hamper egg production and growth. Incur handsome medicine cost.

Gamboro/IBD

10%-50%

Salmonella

5%-10%

Coccidiosis

5%-10%

Mycoplasma (cold)

No or low mortality

Mareks disease

More than 50%

Most other diseases

Less mortality

9.5 Management-related Problems Important management related problems in free range poultry include:

Nutritional problems Stress Heat stress Cannibalism and feather picking Injury Poorly designed poultry houses Poisoning Rodents

Nutritional Problems Birds that are fed an adequate diet made up from a good commercial feed are unlikely to suffer from nutritional problems unless there are additional factors involved, such as diseases that result in diarrhoea or otherwise interfering with the digestive system.

Village, backyard or scavenging poultry on the other hand are subject to the availability of food in their normal environment, which may or may not be deficient in vitamins, minerals or other important dietary component. Using good quality ready feed can reduce nutritional problems. By purchasing cheap feed farmer provide mal-nutrition to the chicken and loss production. Stress Any form of stress may result in a disease outbreak, or diseases in individual birds, as a result of a disease causing organism that is not normally a problem. Any disease will also result in stress, and may therefore increase the potential for other diseases. Stress may result in the immune system not being able to cope with the disease challenge. Common forms of stress in commercial poultry systems include:
Heat stress (any extremities in temperature, both hot and cold). Overcrowding, perhaps due to poorly designed housing or inadequate facilities. Fighting for space at a feeder or drinker will result in injury, and in reduced growth or productivity. Overcrowding increases the exposure of disease causing organisms and often increases the opportunity for the growth and spread of these organisms. Moving, e.g. from a hatchery to farm or from one building to another. Vaccination. Negative reactions from some vaccines may occur up to 10 days after inoculation. Temporary or longer term, shortages in feed or water. Changes in feeds or feeding methods, or changes to a daily routine. Poor nutrition. Inadequate diets may result in deficiency diseases and general lowering of resistance to infection. Parasites (both external and internal). They weaken the bird and provide additional opportunities for the introduction of other disease causing organisms. Physical disturbances such as excessive noise or other unnecessary activity.

Heat Stress

A condition caused by high temperatures, especially associated with high humidity and low air speed. Symptoms include: Panting, legs and wings outstretched, increased thirst, reduced feed consumption, and reduced egg production. Birds regulate their body temperature by controlling heat loss through their skin and feather cover, and through evaporation by panting. A mature chicken starts panting when temperatures

reach about 29 or 30C, with chicks being affected at higher temperatures. Panting causes a chicken to exhale large quantities of carbon dioxide and this increases the pH of the blood. This causes physiological changes that result in stress, and chickens may stop eating, lay fewer and smaller eggs (with thinner shells). Young birds may stop growing. Increased air circulation in poultry housing is important, and the provision of adequate shade from the sun is vital. Provide extra water supplies, and make sure that the water is clean. Cold may also be a serious problem, particularly for chickens. Poorly designed poultry houses Even freely ranging, scavenging poultry require safe secure roosting areas, and nesting areas, as well as suitable shelter from the elements. More intensive production systems require all this, with greater attention given to the precise requirements of the birds. Cannibalism and feather picking Cannibalism is a problem that is particularly associated with large poultry flocks where birds kept in close confinement peck at each other. This can produce significant mortality in the flock when injury results. It will also cause a decrease in egg production as the hen-pecked birds become stressed. Some chickens are more likely to engage in cannibalism than others. The problem has a range of causes, which are summarized by Damerow (1994), and include:

Heat without adequate ventilation. Nests and nesting areas not dark enough. Crowding, and high densities of birds in areas where they are unable to get away from each other. Boredom or lack of exercise (this is more likely in cage birds than in free range birds). Feed and water troughs too few or too close together (crowding at the feeding stations). Feed that is too high in calories and too low in fibre (they quickly satisfy their nutritional needs and get bored). Feed that is deficient in nutrients may result in the birds becoming irritated which can subsequently lead to cannibalism. This is likely to be in the protein levels or an imbalance of sodium. External parasites may cause a chicken to pull out its own feathers, and draw blood. This may attract other birds to peck at the area. Injury or bleeding from other causes.

Injury Injuries, when left untreated, are likely to result in infections. Injuries to the birds therefore need to be avoided, and good management practices coupled with well designed housing is an important preventative measure. Overcrowding will commonly lead to aggression between birds

 with a high probability of injuries to one or both birds. Similarly, a lack of space at feeders and drinkers will also lead to aggression and injury. Overcrowding will also lead to stress, and stress can lead poultry to pick at one another eventually resulting in cannibalism (see above). Free range, scavenging and backyard poultry are much less likely to suffer from problems of overcrowding than intensively reared broilers or layers. However, poultry housing still needs to be constructed to to provide a good environment for the birds both while roosting at night and when nesting and egg laying. Poorly constructed housing may result in stress and injury. Poisoning Poisoning should not be a problem with chickens, but common sense needs to be used in keeping the birds away from pesticides, herbicides, rodenticides, fungicides, and also from treated seed intended for planting. Other than accidental poisoning with such chemicals, the most likely cause of poisoning is probably from mycotoxins produced by fungi or moulds growing in feed.

Rodents Rodents are attracted to poultry houses by the availability of feed, in feeders or spilled on the ground, as well as by the availability of water and by protection and shelter. Rodents can spread diseases, for example through droppings left in feed troughs. Rodents can be a particular problem where there is a raised floor that provides a dark and protected space offering nesting sites. Quite apart from the risk of disease, a rodent problem represents a financial loss through wasted feed. Chickens are natural predators and will catch and eat smaller mice, but the more agile species and the larger species (e.g. rats) are not controlled by chickens and where there are problems, rodent control measures will be required.

10. Findings about Poultry Industry

Consumer Survey: This paper surveyed on about one hundred people and has taken much information from the customers who buy eggs and meat for their family. The given findings are discussed bellow by question gradually.
1. Here 80% people prefer the layer eggs and 20% people for local eggs but local isnt available for that they are bound to buy the layer eggs. 2. About 40% prefer local chicken, 30% like Broiler and 10% like layer and rest of the respondents like both broiler and local chicken. 3. People are anxious about price of eggs. Here maximum consumer said price is too high and some said medium because of the market condition and no one admit about the low price. 4. Comments are as similar as the price of meat.

5. The market get 60% people said eggs and chicken are available but price is high and on the other hand 40% people said not available. 6. It is observer that 50% people have much more confidence about nutrition but 40% people said about on nutrition because of feeding schedule. 7. Maximum respondent said not for taste but broilers are available, on the other hand maximum preferred the local chicken. 8. The result of survey shows that 60% buy more than one kg/s and 35% buy one to three kg/s and 10% buy less than one kg/s. 9. 10% purchase more than 100 eggs and 30% buy 50 to 100 eggs and rest of the respondent buy less than 50. 10. Maximum people like dressed chicken because to save the time.

Producers Survey: Family poultry keeping is very popular in our country. About 90% households have domestic poultry (i.e. chickens, ducks, pigeons, etc.). The number of commercial poultry producers is increasing day by day in Bangladesh. The given findings are discussed bellow by question gradually.
1. Around 70% farmers are broiler farmer. After the bird flu attack the number of layer farmer reduced drastically. 2. Most of the broiler farmers rear 500-1000 bird. Bigger than 5000 bird farm is rear. On the contrary most of the layer farmer rear 2000 bird. Farms with more than 10000 birds are often found. 3. Near about 90% of the broiler farmers prefer ready feed due to its ease of use. 4. Layer farmers are still fond of home mix feed, popularly known as loose feed. Layer farmers are more cost conscious and they prefer to make their own feed but lots of layer farmers especially small layer farmers prefer ready feed. 5. Of the ready feed user most of the broiler farmer prefer pellet feed. Where as most of the layer farmer use mash feed. A few layer farmer use pellet feed at early stage of the bird. 6. To make choice among the three categories responded seems to be confused. All the responded says they prefer quality over any other things but expect the product to be cheap also. No body seems to ready to accept credit as a selector but truth is credit facilities plays an vital role in their selection of product. 7. Almost 100% farmers recognize CP. 8. Farmers think CP product is very good but expensive

10.1 Feed price (Raw materials)

Feed price sky rocketing o Due to increase in the raw material price, the ready feed price increasing day by day and going beyond the means of the farmers. Unstable raw materials price o For last six month the price the raw materials like corn, soybean, meat and bone mill etc. found really unstable. Prices were unpredictable. When in September 2008 India imposed bar on export of corn, the price of raw materials seems to increase very sharply. Limited source

Bangladesh is heavily depended on India for feed raw materials. It is easy and cheap and also the quality is good for India. Other places like Thailand, Australia, and USA are good source of raw materials but the carrying cost is much higher than India. Insufficient production o Bangladeshi farmers are increasing their corn production. More and more farmers are starting to produce corn in a regular basis. But still the production quantity is not far less than demand. Recently C.P also started to sales Corn seed in the seed market. And inspiring the farmer to produce more corn.

10.2 Chicks price

Unstable: Very much unstable. Last six month the market sees a total flip the price table. Because of the bird flu rumor the company suffered a huge loss as the farmer discontinue farmer for a while. The price of the D.O.C decline less than an egg price. But with in six month as soon as the bird flu fear withered the price of D.O.C soar up to taka 50. The farmers had to buy the chicks more than 50 tk as the demand was much higher than the production. The farmers are very sensitive to the market price of the ready broiler. Most of the farmer follow the high price in the market and intend to rear chicks. As lots of farmer flock together, the demand increase sharply surpassing the production capacity of the companies and the price increase sharply. When the market price falls down the demand for DOC also falls down and as the companies can not store the live DOC they have to sell the chicks with two days. So they have to reduce price and take other selling techniques to clear the hatchery.

10.3 Egg price

High demand: The attacks of bird flu destroy a lot of layer farms creating opportunity for the remaining layer farmers. After the attack of bird the farmer stop purchasing new flock of layer chick fearing loss from the disease and the culling program of the government. This fear of loss creates a vacuum in the production of eggs, creating lack of supply of egg in the market. Before the attack in 2007 the market has a stable price of egg ranging from 14-18 tk per four pieces (hali). Where as last month the price of egg become 28 tk. the price seems to be stable for a long two months as there is a high demand and supply seems to be increasing day by day.

11. RECOMMENDATION SUGGESTIONS

AND

Poultry industry is rising but not a satisfactory way. There are many problems exist in the industry. We have to solve all of the problems to raise the sector which contributes a lot to our GDP. In this study, it is tried to find out the problems face farmers and give the possible suggestion of the problems.

11.1 Avian Influenza or Avian Flu in Poultry Industry

In poultry industry of Bangladesh faces the great problem of avian flu now. If we fail to get relive from the avail flu then that may destroy the whole industry. We have to save the poultry farms from avian flu as well as protect the industry from further affect of avian flu. It is a dangerous threat for the poultry industry of the whole world. The proper authority should take proper action to protect it and the consumer will be well informed about the disease. Already Bangladesh government refused all type of import from the foreign country.

11.2 Syndicate of Hatchery Owners and Intermediaries

The unethical alliance of dealers, distributors and hatchery owners make the poultry farmer affected by the profit. The alliance makes the high initial cost of production. And about 15% to 20 % reduced price is provided for the farmer. The affect can be shown bellow. There are few hatcheries in our country. They are only effort able to produce quality day older chicken and quality food. But they charge a lot for the day older chickens. Very often it is needed to order in advance before one year from the time to deliver the day old chicken with full payment. Other then some additional conditions are added to the selling offer of day older chicken. Feed would be purchased from the hatchery owner. The hatchery owners take 20 to 25 tk for a day older broiler chicken and 30 to 35 tk for a layer chicken. This is really a huge amount. For that reason the marginal poultry farmers often fail to get profit accordingly. In the same way the distributors and regional intermediaries such wholesalers and retailers make unauthorized alliance to increase price by creating presser to the small poultry farmers and making artificial crisis. About 50% of selling price is taken by both hatchery owner and intermediaries. The marginal farmers get comparatively less profit by recovering the production costs of broiler chicken or eggs. So this unauthorized alliance affect badly in the poultry products market. The local administration can break the alliance to save the root level farmers. And price of the day older chickens should be determined by the public rules. Exhibit: Syndicate of Hatchery Owners and Intermediaries

11.3 Insufficient Loan and Barrier to Raise

Despite having tremendous potentials, countrys poultry industry has hardly flourished yet as a lucrative sector due to lack of institutional loan facility under easy conditions. Due to collateral provision for getting institutional loans the growth of the sector is thwarted. Though there is a provision to provide bank loan at 10 per cent interest through four nationalized commercialized banks to 14 thrust industries including poultry, the farm owners are not enjoying the facility. The amount of loan is insufficient and interest rate in high. At the same time, conditions of getting loan are not good enough. The farmers who have small farm can easily broaden the farm by receiving loan. The existing farm owner should be given loan in easy condition. Because, these farmers have skills and experiences for continuing new poultry farms.

11.4 Difficulty in Price Setting

Industry owners are deprived of getting fair price of eggs as a vested quarter is manipulating the prices. Price of inputs of poultry industry has increased but poultry prices have not raised compared to expenditure. The grass root level farmers get less profit for this reason. The farmer should provide the opportunity to recover the cost. Bird flu rumor creates a big problem in the price setting. Such rumor should be control by the government and the media should play a significant role to clear the misconception about the threat.

11.5 Price Fluctuation Crisis

Production cost of egg is higher as 80 per cent of the poultry feed have to be imported from abroad but the egg price have been fluctuating between Tk 13 and Tk 16 over the last five years leading to cost-benefit mismatch. The majority of farms were established in 1995 and the average age of commercial farms was found to be more than six years. Establishment cost of broiler farms was lower compared to layer farms. And the early months of 2007 the price has been decrease for the danger of bird flu. For the cause of price fluctuation the farmers cannot estimate the profit and costs before. So there may some chance of loss. Government can reduce the price fluctuation crisis by fixing the price of feedings and medicines required for poultry. The farmers have a tendency to purchase chicks when the market price of big broiler price is very high. As almost all the farmer think alike they create an excessive demand for the DOC and increase the price. This nature of business should be changed. The farmer should see the business as a all the year round business. Without targeting for profit in single batch, they should consider a collect profit of all the batch of the year. With this strategy farmer will help the company to predict the demand and stabilize the price and demand.

11.6 Poultry Disease Prevention and Control Situation

Both broiler and layer are very much disease sensitive. The farmer needs to protect the chickens from any types of germ. If one of the chickens of the farm falls in disease the other chicken may be affected. We need modern disease diagnosis laboratory. We saw in the time of Avian Flu diagnosis, we needed to go abroad to find out the germ. It took a lot of time. Government can take initiative to build up several modern diagnosis laboratories. There are 12 private laboratories in our country but not well capable to diagnosis the actual problem. In prevention of bird flu government, private sector & NGOs are taking very fruitful steps. It is very much sound to get avian flu out from Bangladesh C P provides technical support for it customers with D.V.M. It organizes various seminars on the recent important topics to alert the farmer. It also trains its dealers with technical knowledge so that they can help their customer as they have the direct contact the farmer. It provides news letters to alert it customers ahead of seasonal problems.

11.7 Policy and Regulatory Issues

There is no abstract policy on poultry industry. But for the farmers and intermediaries should follow a single regulatory policy to give uncertainty away from the market. Tax policy should be liberal like ready made garment industry. Then we can expect a nice industry which will export poultry product in the foreign country.

11.8 Low Productivity, No Database on Production

The farms run by the scientific way produce high quality and quantity of broilers and eggs. But many of the farms rarely follow the actual rule of farming. Want of developed day old chickens damage to produce the quality broilers and layers. So the chickens of low productivity require high cost as well as low profit. We should take action for the cause of increasing productivity. First-rate day old chicken is obvious for ensuring the high productivity at first. Another think is the lack of database on production. In Bangladesh there is no statistics for poultry production. For that reason it is quite difficult to estimate the demand of poultry product (eggs or meat) in Bangladesh. The hatchery owners also fall in predicament to produce feeds and day older chickens. Immediately we need to occupy a full database system to collect each type of information related to poultry industry.

11.9 Infrastructure- Training Facilities & Diagnosis Facilities

The backward and forward linkage of poultry industry is not very much supporting of the poultry industry. The infrastructure of poultry consists of roads and transportation system, electricity, communication system, sufficient training facilities, adequate diagnosis facilities, availability of poultry production equipment (feedings, water tanks, vaccination, medicine, lighting materials etc.) and we can say loan facility is another very much important things of poultry infrastructure. These are not available in our country side. The towns and cities are able to get about all the facilities but in the village there are few facilities of those. To increase the poultry production from the village we have to ensure proper roads and vehicles to transport eggs and broilers in the place where the proper demand exists. Electricity supply is very much essential for poultry production. The communication becomes improved for greater telecommuting system but the exact information should be supplied. And training is the most vital things for poultry production. There are many efforts are seen in our country but more scientific method of training is essential. At the same way diagnosis facilities and loan are essential.

11.10 Many Intermediaries in Marketing Channel

Many intermediaries are involved in the poultry marketing channel. For this reason the price of eggs and meat become higher. We should take initiative to eliminate the unnecessary middlemen from the poultry marketing channel. It can help to low the price as well as ensure the equilibrium situation of demand and supply. The existing channel members are hatchery owner, day old chickens distributors, feedings suppliers, actual farmers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers.

We have to try to reduce the number of channel members as far as possible to create a balanced market.

11.11 Bio-Security and Disease Prevention Concern

To build up a prosperous poultry industry in Bangladesh we need to develop bio-security and disease prevention system. The vigorous poultry industry should be secure from disease and capacity to adopt with the Bangladeshi environment. Some developed class of chicken should be grown in state of unproductive class. The feedings are producing in very horrific way. It would be very harmful to public health if animal waste was widely used as raw material for poultry feed without being treated by the proper technology. But the allegations continue to be made by various sources have been going on for several years. Tannery waste, along with dried fish dust and bone, is used to feed young broiler and layer chickens. The problem stems primarily from the fact that poultry feed producers are not always using the scientific methods and not going by the health and hygiene standards. In the given picture we see the women are preparing poultry feeds by using tannery waste. Poultry is a fast growing sector which contributes significantly to the economy. So the proper authority should take action against the unhygienic way of feed production.

11.12 Overseas Operation of Poultry Supplies

The imported medicine, vaccination, and other technological knowledge are very essential for poultry. The machine of dressed chicken used to cut into the chicken in different peaces. Another things is important also exporting the poultry product specially meat in the foreign countries. Government will take initiative to make a sound exporting policy for the betterment of poultry product exporting. There is a great matter that we need not import any poultry feedings from abroad. Now we may export feedings in our out side countries. Bangladesh imports 3.5 to 4.0 million pieces of one-day-old broiler-breeder chickens from France, UK, Malaysia, Denmark and the Netherlands spending huge foreign currency. Soon we should get self-sufficiency to produce one-day old broiler-breeder chickens. Concluding Remarks: C P Bangladesh Co, LTD has started its business with a very limited resource but with lots of experience. By 2008 it has establish 4 feed mills and 3 hatchery targeting poultry industry. It has the vision to be the leader of agro-business of Bangladesh. If the bird flu may have not attacked it would invest a lot more in the industry. But C P still believes that there is a great opportunity in the poultry in Bangladesh as there is demand for poultry product and Bangladeshs economy is growing confidently.
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04. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT : A) B) To build up a sustainable program for the organization. To make use the local resources as fruitful way to provide initiations to the youths of the local area. C) To solve the nutrition problems in the rural area as well as for the urban also.

D) To work as a platform of all types of skill development training and technical assistant to provide all possible sector for the rural area. E) To show all types of alternative way of services or businesses for the rural people, especially for the rural youths, including the house-wives and adolescent girls. F) To improve the living standard for the rural people in all spheres of life.

G) To give emphasis on all types of recreational activities in the rural area (like sports, drama, etc.) H) To encourage the rural youths to build up small farms through the direct and proper guidance of the organization.

Bangladesh makes progress in fighting bird flu

To combat a serious threat to agriculture and public health, the country first had to dispel conspiracy theories.
By Kamran R. Chowdhury for Khabar South Asia in Dhaka December 20, 2012 A larger | smaller | reset 1 comments

Bangladesh has had recurrent encounters with avian influenza. In the past, the impact was severe -- in part because the issue became politicised.

Working with international donors, the Bangladesh government has helped slow the number of bird flu outbreaks in the country's poultry farms. [Lalage Snow/AFP]
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Instead of tackling the risk, some in the country alleged that global interests were seeking to destroy Bangladesh's burgeoning poultry industry. "Our [farming industry] leaders told us that the flu did not exist in Bangladesh and the campaign was a pretext to import poultry products from abroad," H. M. Farid Uddin, whose farm in Savar was affected by the flu three times (2005, 2007 and 2010), told Khabar South Asia. "We spent huge amounts of money to organise seminars to condemn the so-called international conspiracy. But if we had realised the truth early, the damage would not have been so devastating," he said.

Since then, however, attitudes have been changing. Farmers are less suspicious of efforts to contain avian flu, and government campaigns have yielded results. With support from international donors such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Bangladesh initiated the Strengthening of Support Services (SSS) project in 2007 to help combat the disease. In the following years, it launched a second donor-funded project, dubbed Avian Influenza Preparedness and Response (AIPR). Ataur Rahman, director of AIPR, described to Khabar how the programme functions. Veterinary surgeons, supported by thousands of field-level workers, are active in 306 flu-affected areas across the country. The field workers visit households and commercial poultry farms every day to check for the presence of H5N1. Any abnormal bird or animal death is reported via text message to the project headquarters. The nearest veterinary surgeon immediately rushes to the spot to collect samples and test it in government laboratories. "If the test result is positive, they report to the district administration for culling of the affected chicken," he said. While the number of bird flu cases has fluctuated from year to year, authorities say the initiatives have been successful in containing the threat. As of November, Bangladesh recorded 21 cases during this year, compared to 226 in 2008. "We can say we have successfully checked the avian influenza," Mohammad Shahiduzzaman, the director of the SSS project, told Khabar. "We cannot completely eliminate the flu. We can just keep it under control." Poultry association leaders agree, while cautioning against complacency. "We cannot guarantee that it will not reappear," Mohiuddin Ahmed, the general secretary of Bangladesh Egg Producers Association, told Khabar. He said the bulk of juvenile chicks came from India, where the prevalence of bird flu was higher. "Containing the flu in Bangladesh is not enough. It can easily reappear with imported chickens," said Ahmed, adding that governments should work jointly for bio-safety in South Asia.

Bird flu strikes several farms in Bangladesh

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(Reuters) - Health and veterinary workers in Bangladesh have culled nearly 25,000 fowls after bird flu was confirmed at three poultry farms in the country, officials said on Thursday. Bird flu has spread to the southern coastal district of Borguna and the northwestern Rajshahi district, a livestock ministry official said. Another infection was reported in Jessore, 275 km from the capital Dhaka. "After the confirmation of bird flu, authorities have begun culling at the affected farms and surrounding areas," the official said. "So far nearly 25,000 chickens, ducks and pigeons have been culled in three districts." Fowl were also culled in the southern coastal district of Barisal after detection of the H5N1 avian influenza virus. Suspected outbreaks were also reported at a farm in northern Rangpur district, where the virus has been confirmed in fowl previously. The H5N1 virus was first reported near the capital in March last year and has since spread to 25 of Bangladesh's 64 districts, forcing authorities to kill more than 300,000 chickens. So far there have been no cases of human infection in the densely populated country, government officials say. But experts fear the bird flu virus might mutate or combine with the highly contagious seasonal influenza virus and spark a pandemic that could kill millions of people. There have been 217 human deaths globally from the H5N1 strain and 350 confirmed cases of infection since 2003, World Health Organisation figures show. In neighbouring India, veterinary workers began killing thousands of chickens in West Bengal state on Wednesday following what the WHO said was the worst outbreak of bird flu in the country. Officials said it could take up to a week to cull about 350,000 birds in three districts of West Bengal.

Rural Poultry Farm in Bangladesh

Before participating in the FFS (Farmers Field School), I considered myself to be quiet and different. The FFS has improved my self-confidence, knowledge and skills in managing my poultry business, and made me more responsive. My social life has enhanced and I am now more economically capable and socially conscious. said Rezia Begum, a member of Chandrapara, Bogra, Bangladesh Poultry FFS. She dreams of a poultry village, as the village will be engaged in the poultry business gradually. Razia Begum is the wife of landless farmers named Abul Kalam . He is an agriculture labour. Razia Begum joined a poultry FFS in 2007. She received training from the TMSS on the poultry rearing and at the of the training she got 15 poultry birds with a case with her contribution of BDT300(USD 4.25) for the birds and BDT400(USD 5.75) for the case respectively. She took care of the birds and gradually she increasing the number of the poultry birds. Now she has 394 birds in her poultry farm. She collects 350-360 eggs every whose value is about BDT 2250-2300 (USD 33-34) in the local market. Her net profit per day is almost BDT 700-800 (USD 10-12). Razia Begum is now economically solvent and currently her children go to school and can have nutritious food regularly. Her capital is growing rapidly and she is planning to expand her poultry farm. The remarkable fact is that the neighbouring households are very much enthusiastic to receive this technology and money of them started poultry farms with a view to achieve economic solvency.

Indian eggs threaten Bangladesh poultry

Sector people warn of looming danger

Bird flu cuts poultry production and threatens to ruin the sector. Photo: STARMd Fazlur Rahman

Egg imports from India, a bird flu-infected country, could destroy Bangladesh's entire poultry industry, sector people warned yesterday. In November 2011, the commerce ministry allowed Dhaka-based Faria Enterprise Ltd to import one crore pieces of hatching eggs from India. In October 2010, the ministry allowed the same company to import one crore pieces of day-old chicks from India and other countries. The firm was told to complete the import by June last year. The minister later extended the deadline to June 30 this year. The entry of eggs from the neighbouring country has created worries among experts, who said such imports from a country not free from bird flu widen the risk of spread of avian influenza locally. "Being a bird flu affected country we cannot export our poultry products. On the other hand, we are importing poultry products from another bird flu-affected country," said Moshiur Rahman, convener of Bangladesh Poultry Industries Coordination Committee. He said the livestock ministry is the main authority to deal with the poultry sector, which has directly employed around 70 lakh people, mostly in rural areas, and another 30 lakh people indirectly. "We understand that the commerce ministry gives permission for imports, but it should have discussed with the livestock ministry on the issue," he told The Daily Star. He alleged that apart from the official channel, hundreds of thousands of eggs are smuggled into Bangladesh.

Industry people said there is no way to know whether the eggs would be used for sale or hatching. India is now frantically looking for markets for its eggs and other poultry products, after the Middle Eastern countries shut their door for the Indian eggs due to the outbreak of bird flu in the country, with the latest ban coming from Oman. The oil-rich country, which accounts for one-third of Indian poultry products, banned the import of eggs from India on March 27. Indian exporters have now turned their focus towards markets such as Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and West African countries. The industry people said the poultry products entering Bangladesh from India both legally and illegally would come from India's border areas connected with Bangladesh. These areas are highly at risk of bird flu. Reports of repeated resurgence of pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Tripura have already prompted the Food and Agriculture Organisation to send a five-member specialist team to the state on April 18 to investigate the matter, according to the Times of India. India notified the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) of a bird flu outbreak on February 6, according to the OIE website. The commerce ministry has said, it has to be certified that the imported grand parent stock or parent stock has not been given influenza vaccine, according to the industry people. But Indian farmers are giving vaccines to the chicks officially and unofficially. Ihtesham Shahjahan, general secretary of Feed Mill Association of Bangladesh, said Indian farms also use harmful antibiotic in the chicks. He said the government allowed Faria Enterprise to import eggs last year, but the eggs were not imported because there was overproduction in the country. Rahman said they are not against egg import, but the poultry products should come from countries free from avian influenza for the sake of human health. Bangladesh, which was self sufficient in poultry products even in 2011, needs to import eggs as the local supply is half of the daily demand for 3.5 crore eggs, due to a drastic fall in production amid the outbreak of avian influenza. MM Khan, secretary general of Bangladesh Poultry Industries Association, said there are laws to stop imports of eggs from an avian influenza affected country, but the rules are not being followed.

The industry people also expressed concern about the foreign companies' foray into the country's poultry industry. No official of Faria Enterprise was immediately available for comments. Faria Enterprise is not the only company that has been given permission to import eggs. Rajdhani International, a trader, imported some 77 lakh pieces of Indian eggs through Benapole land port in the last one month, a customs official said earlier. The company received the green light from the commerce ministry in August 2009 to import 10 crore pieces of eggs. It has so far imported more than two crore pieces. According to Import Policy Order 2009-12, an importer requires permission from the commerce ministry. And "eggs are importable in limited quantity from a country free from avian influenza or bird flu," says the order. It also says, for every consignment of imported eggs, there must be a certificate mentioning the goods are free from avian influenza or bird flu virus and harmful bacteria, issued from the livestock department or any competent authority of the exporting country. Commerce Secretary Ghulam Hussain recently said the government would not allow egg import from a bird flu or avian influenza prone country.
http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=231218

Multinational cos grabbing local poultry industry

Arafat Ara Local poultry industry is gradually being grabbed by multinational companies while the small farms are struggling to stay in the sector, claimed insiders. Foreign companies are buying or taking lease of the farms which were shut down following the outbreak of bird flu. Some of them are using the licences of closed farms, they said. A large number of local skilled farmers are now jobless, they added. Already, around 27 per cent of the total share of poultry farms is being captured by the multinational companies, said Bangladesh Poultry Industries Association (BPIA) Joint Secretary General Khandokar Mohsin. Mr Mohsin also feared that if the situation continues unabated, nearly 50 per cent share will go to the

foreign hands within three to four years. Seguna, Tata, Godrej from India, New Hope from China and Charoen Pokphand (CP) Group of Thailand are doing poultry business with CP being the largest supplier of broiler chickens and eggs in the country. Nearly 47 per cent poultry farms have been closed during the last one and a half years due to spread of the avian influenza virus. The number of farms has been reduced to 60,824 from 114,763 during the period, showed a study revealed by Bangladesh Poultry Khamar Rakkha Jatiya Parishad last month. Losing poultry producers have no ability to restart the business because of financial crisis, said Kazi Farms chairman and former President of Bangladesh Breeders Association Kazi Jahidul Hasan. The government is not taking proper measures to rescue the industry from ruination but allowing import and business of the multinational companies. The country's largest farm owner also said that following the involvement of foreign traders the local breeding farms are at a great risk now. He said small poultry farmers are usually buying baby chicks from the local breeders but the alien farm owners are not collecting those products from the local traders. "They purchase the poultry products from big foreign farms". There are more than 100 breeding farms in the country now and if the situation continues, the number will be reduced to 10 or 15 in coming days, said the experienced farm owner. He said the capacity of local poultry farms had been enough to fulfil the requirement of country's chicken-based protein. In absence of government's responsive policy for the industry, we are now depending on import. He said the present poultry import policy will fully smash the once income generating sector of the village people. "The authorities are not giving necessary financial support and compensation to the closed farms to restart their business but promoting import of the products". So the authority should introduce a poultry friendly policy and at the same time they should not allow the multinational companies to do business, he said. He also stressed the need for introducing vaccine to eradicate bird flu from the country. The BPIA Joint Secretary General said Bangladesh is one of the five critical bird flu-affected countries in

the world, which is yet to introduce vaccine to prevent the disease. But other most risky countries like India, Vietnam, China and Egypt have introduced vaccine to prevent the disease, he added. "The government needs to help the affected farms with compensation and vaccines in an effort to prevent avian influenza from causing a heavy damage to the key industry," he said further. The poultry producers claimed that the livestock department is rather helping the disease to linger to achieve their vested interest. They claimed that for getting grants from the donors the authority is not taking proper steps to prevent the virus and hiding the exact number of culling in the poultry farms for not giving compensation to the closed farms. Bahanur Rahman, Professor, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene of Bangladesh Agriculture University, said to prevent the disease the authority should introduce vaccine immediately. They can, at least experimentally, start the vaccination of the poultry birds, he stressed. "We have the ability to develop the vaccine as there are capable scientists in the country," said the microbiologist adding if the government gives us proper infrastructure, we will be able to make the medicine within a short time. "But I have no idea why the government is not giving permission to invent the vaccine," he added. He also mentioned that they made a proposal to the government to formulate bird flu vaccine in 2007 when the disease was first detected in the country. If the government had given permission at that time, we would have been able to develop the vaccine by this time, said Mr Rahman. Before the Avian influenza attack in 2007, the total investment in the country's poultry sector was estimated at nearly Tk 120 billion ($ 1.75 billion) where some 3.5 million people are employed directly, the industry insiders said.

http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=127582&date=2012-04-23

Shocks for poultry sector Published : Wednesday, 05 June 2013

Wasi Ahmed The country's poultry sector with an estimated investment of Tk 200 billion is fraught with problems that need immediate attention. Lack of access to finance in terms of affordable bank credit, anomalies in duty structure of imported materials-- particularly feeds, 'unfair' competition from foreign farms and the frequent outbreaks of avian flue are some of the known maladies threatening existence of this highly prospective sector. That the country's poultry industry would grow to such prominence was not at all anticipated when around three decades back small entrepreneurs began to tread on this uncharted territory with no clear vision of the promise it held for them in the years to come. There were no special facilitating measures in place to cater to the needs of the new sector except what the government's veterinary department had to offer, understandably with limited resources and expertise. Despite the initial constraints, the sector saw a boom with more and more entrepreneurs rushing into it. In less than a decade poultry became the bread earner of a sizable population. In the years following, the sector grew steadily, despite occasional hiccups, to demonstrate a visibly commendable role in the economy. A look at the contribution of the sector to the country's economy will, among others, reveal the highly laudable employment it generates, that too in rural and semi-rural areas. No wonder, this sector is the second highest employment provider in the private capacity, next only to the readymade garment industry. Endowed with its unique distinction of rural employment, mass migration of labour -- common to most other sectors -- has not happened to add to the population burden in urban areas. From small and apparently insignificant strides this sector emerged in its own right to satisfy the most valued protein requirement of the country's 160 million people. Although the country's poultry industry rose to prominence within a short time, the shocks that came its way were too daunting for the infant industry to fight against and absence of adequate sustenance from the government made it more and more vulnerable to such shocks - mainly in the form of annihilating epidemics. Industry insiders observe that there has been a steady decline in meat and egg production since the frequent avain flue epidemics in 2007 and 2009 shook the entire industry almost to its extinction. It has been reported that the number of poultry farms which stood at around 115,000 in 2007 has drastically come down to as low as around 55,000. Between 2011 and 2012 alone, nearly 25,000 farms were shut down mainly due to the outbreak of the epidemic. Those concerned are of the opinion that unless the government comes up with a proactive poultry policy and an effective plan of action, things are going to further deteriorate in the days to come. There is a critical need for the much desired harmony between consumer demand for eggs and broiler meat and planned production. This in the first place may necessitate substantial input of resources by way of doubling the parent stock, hatcheries, broiler and layer farms, feed meal plants, among others. The government's farm credit policy, which excludes poultry sector from its eligible credit-worthy sub-sectors, should also be forthcoming to find ways to extend a helping hand to this susceptible but highly prospective sector. Industry leaders complain that following the severe setback suffered by the sector due to intermittent attacks of avian flu, particularly in the year 2007 and after, the government should

have been more forthcoming in providing the required nourishment that the sector badly needed to overcome the difficulties. Such nourishment, they hold, could come by way of fiscal incentives such as exemption of poultry materials from import duties and VAT for a certain period of time, particularly in respect of import of bio-security kits which are used to prevent the outbreak of avian flue. It has been reported that currently importers pay 78 per cent duty and VAT to import such kits. To the prevailing situation a new threat from foreign competitors now appears to be no less challenging. It is being alleged that the foreign farms operating in the country are far more competitive because of the low-cost loans they avail from their banks at home, compared to the unaffordable loan terms in Bangladesh's commercial banks. Beside low-cost fund, they are better equipped with high-tech machinery and composite feed. Speaking of lack of protection or a level playing-field for the domestic entrepreunrs, the president of the Breeders Association of Bangladesh told the FE recently that these foreign companies procure funds from their respective countries at a landing rate of only 5.0 per cent as against that of more than 17 per cent available in Bangladesh. 'On this uneven turf, local companies cannot survive in the industry in the long run', he added. There is a growing fear that the local breeding farms would find it extremely difficult to compete with the foreign companies if the present situation persists. In the face of uneven competition a good number of them might perish soon, according to industry insiders. There are questions too on the legality of the operation of some of these foreign farms. If this allegation contains even a trace of truth, the authorities must sit up to examine the matter. Under the circumstances, a proactive poultry policy not only to address the problems facing the sector but also to revitalise its potential with required facilitation is the need of the hour.

http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/index.php?ref=MjBfMDZfMDVfMTNfMV82XzE3MTc3NQ==

Poultry sector seeks ban on maize export Published : Sunday, 19 May 2013 FHM Humayan Kabir Poultry industry has sought export ban on maize, a key raw material of the poultry feed, for stabilizing chicken and egg prices amid fresh price hike of different feeds in the international markets. Industry owners said the poultry feed prices will go up further affecting the local eggs and meat supply if the government does not check maize export amid production fall in the global markets. Breeders Association of Bangladesh (BAB) president Moshiur Rahman said a group of vested local traders is pushing the government to permit maize export when only fifty percent of our demand is being met by the locally-produced maize. We need to import the rest 50 percent of maize from the international market to produce feed for the poultry birds, he added.

The present demand of maize in poultry industry is nearly 1.6 million metric tonnes per year. In last fiscal 2011-12, a total of 1.6 million tonnes of maize was produced in Bangladesh, Department of Agricultural Extension data showed. The government should ensure smooth marketing facilities and check political unrest to ensure better prices for the maize growers instead of allowing export, Mr Moshiur said. Maize is an essential raw material for producing poultry feeds in which nearly sixty percent of feed ingredient is available, millers said. Feed Industry Association Bangladesh (FIAB) President Ihtehsham B. Shahjahan said prices of poultry feeds have already increased in last few months in the international markets. If the government does not ban export of locally-produced maize, the poultry feed production cost will rise further hitting the poultry farmers in chicken and egg production, he said. Managing Director of Aftab Bahumukhi Farms, Fazle Rahim Khan Shahriar said since major supplier India has started to control maize export due to its production fall for draughts and floods, there is possibility of further price hike of the poultry feed. Mr Ihtehsham said according to law, maize export is prohibited unless the price is above US$600 per tonne. "However, ignoring the existing law, maize has been exported to Nepal in recent times at $190 per tonne." Bangladeshi maize is also being smuggled to neighboring India due to its high grade, he said seeking check on the smuggling to the neighbouring country. Mr Shahriar, also the FIAB general secretary, said the poultry feed price of soya has been increased to Tk 55-60 per kilogram from Tk 33-35 per kg, meat & bone meal to Tk 50-55 from Tk 32 per kg, mustered oilcake to Tk 30-33 per kg from Tk 18 per kg, maize to Tk 23-24 from Tk 13 per kg, rice bran to Tk 22-23 per kg from Tk 14. "If the government does not ban the locally-produced maize export, the poultry feeds will be costlier and the meat and eggs price will be affected further," he also told the FE. The price of egg and chicken in the Bangladesh's local market has already gone up by nearly 40 per cent over the last one and a half years affecting the low-income people. Saidur Rahman Babu, General Secretary of BAB said that 60 percent of poultry farms and 70 percent hatcheries and breeding farms were closed due to bird flu attack in 2007-2008 period. "Many of the farmers have been trying to revive their production. But the fresh price hike of maize and other feeds in the local and international markets have hit the struggling poultry farmers," he added.

The poultry leaders said they were trying to recover from the previous losses from the bird-flu outbreak producing more day-old chicks and eggs. The feed manufacturers said Bangladesh is now producing high quality feed at international standards. They are using superior quality nutrients and enzymes so that protein is absorbed in feed easily.

http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/index.php?ref=MjBfMDVfMTlfMTNfMV85MF8xNjk4NTM=

Feed industry rebounds as bird flu ebbs

Sohel Parvez

The feed industry is recovering on the back of rising poultry farming in recent months, industry people said yesterday. The situation is much better now. The winter has ended so the feed demand is starting to pick up, said Ihtesham Shahjahan, president of Feed Industries Association Bangladesh. Last year, the feed market shrank 26 percent to 20-22 lakh tonnes from a year ago, according to some operators, as thousands suspended farming due to outbreaks of avian influenza. This year, however, the attacks have petered out, which encouraged many to resume farming, said Shahjahan, also managing director of Quality Feeds Ltd. The marginal farmers are returning after many days, said Fazle Rahim Khan, managing director of Aftab Bahumukhi Farms Ltd, which also makes feed. He said the price of day-old chicks needed for farming had been low last year, while market price for chicken and eggs were relatively better. As a result, many existing farmers made substantial profits in quick bursts. Plus, it encouraged many small farmers to come back. Khan said feed sales started regaining from the middle of January, with Aftab registering 15-20 percent sales growth in February year-on-year. The number of farmers has substantially increased in January and February. The feed demand in aquaculture farming has increased as well. It appears that everyone in the industry is happy. Shahjahan said the whole feed industry might regain 50 percent of its lost sales this year. MM Khan, secretary general of Bangladesh Poultry Industries Association, had earlier told The Daily Star that some 5,000 farms came back to production in the last several months. Amid demands from poultry industry operators, the government earlier provided bird flu vaccinations in Gazipur and Kishoreganj districts. Farmers are more courageous now because of the introduction of vaccination, Khan said, while predicting a good year for the poultry and feed sector.

Poultry sector demands tax waiver until 2025 to compete with foreign farms Published : Wednesday, 20 February 2013

Secretary of World's Poultry Science Association, Bangladesh Branch Rafiqul Haq speaking at a 'Round Table Conference' at the National Press Club in the city Tuesday. President of World's Poultry Science Association, Bangladesh Branch Moshiur Rahman and Vice President Saidur Rahman seen in the picture, among others. FE Report The three-day International Poultry Show and Seminar-2013, the biggest poultry expo in Bangladesh, will begin from February 28 at the Bangabandhu International Convention Centre in the city. More than 109 companies from 33 countries will take part in the show to display poultry rearing equipment and provide information on scientific methods of farming, organisers of the expo disclosed it at a roundtable Tuesday. The World Poultry Science Association-Bangladesh Branch (WPSA-BB) organised the roundtable held at the National Press Club in the capital to inform about outcome of the 8th international poultry show and seminar. Secretary of WPSA Dr Rafiqul Haque presented the keynote paper which said the poultry shows and seminars have been playing a vital role in promoting the fastest growth of poultry industry in Bangladesh, WPSA organised the first expo held in 1999 patronised by its the then president late Dr M A Latif--- being inspired by similar shows held in India, Thailand and some other countries. The seminar is aimed at creating awareness among the poultry farmers and related business firms, the paper said. The uniqueness of this show is its analytical sessions where internationally renowned scientists and researchers from home and abroad will present 54 technical papers. The initiators of this show decided to invite the poultry producing countries to Bangladesh so that the farmers can come across the latest technology, equipment and knowledge of poultry science and boost up their farming, the paper said.

In the 7th expo held in 2011, 23 countries participated in it with their products and services and a Tk 7 billion spot order was received. This year the organisers are expecting that the amount will surpass Tk 10 billion, according to the keynote. The paper also mentioned that the poultry industry of the country had faced some challenges in the past few years following outbreak of avian influenza in 2007 and 2010. The 2007 epidemic resulted in the closure of approximately 50 per cent of country's poultry farms. Of those 84 were parent stock farms and 114,000 commercial farms with weekly production of 6.9 million pieces of broiler DOC and almost 0.4 million layers. By 2012, these number had dropped to 32 parent stock farms, 50,000 commercial farms and weekly production fell to merely 4.9 million broiler DOC and just over 0.3 million layer DOC, the paper said. Answering a question President of WPSA-BB Mashiur Rahman said the existing tax waiver facility for poultry industries will end in June this year. "But, to protect the local poultry industry which is suffering from financial constraints, we are demanding extension of the waiver till 2025," he said. When asked on import based vaccination and its sustainability, Secretary of WPSA Dr Rafiqul Haque said the government has permitted three companies to import vaccine and the experimental vaccination is being conducted at Gazipur and Kisoreganj districts and it will be expanded after the positive result of the experiment. He admitted that import based vaccination is not sustainable rather the government and private sectors should take move to develop vaccine locally. Responding to a question Mashiur Rahman, also owner of Paragon Group, a pioneer poultry company in the country said local companies need level playing field to compete with multinational companies that already grabbed 40 per cent of the market share. "The country has no specific law and regulation on investing in poultry sector by foreign companies", he claimed. However, six foreign companies including Godrej, Amrit, Saguna, Venkatesh from India, CP Thailand and Nuho from China have made their foray into Bangladesh poultry sector. Saidur Rahman Babu, Vice-president of WPSA and Secretary of Breeders Association of Bangladesh (BAB) said foreign companies can get loans at 3-4 per cent interest rate from their native banks while we have to count more than 16 per cent interest rate, "then how can we compete with foreign companies?," he posed a question.

The government has to impose taxes on foreign companies to make a level playing field, sector insiders said. Poultry industry leaders claimed that most of the foreign companies have not been registered with the board of investment (BoI). Joint Secretary of WAPSA Dr M Nazrul Islam said although the foreign companies enter Bangladesh in the plea of delivering high-tech poultry equipment no one has done it so far. The foreign companies are just taking small farms through leasing system rather providing hightech poultry technology in Bangladesh, Nazrul, also Managing Director of Advanced BioProduct Ltd claimed. Managing director of Axon Ltd ZahidulIslam, Managing Director of Impex Ltd Muhammad Aftab Alam and Treasurer of WPSA Tauheed Hossain among others, spoke on the occasion. The country's poultry sector with Tk 150 billion annual turnover employed more than 5.0 million people in the country, WAPSA-BB data revealed.

How to start poultry farming business

Poultry farming is a profitable business. With demand for chicken increasing every day and natural supply falling far behind, starting a poultry farm business seems like the perfect way to make money by giving people what they need. You can learn more about how to start poultry farming business just by reading the entire article.

How to start poultry farming business Are you worried about how to start poultry farming business? Poultry farming business is no rocket science. You can easily start the business with minimal sources. However, before you begin, you will have to make sure that you are following these simple tips. Perform some market research before you jump in to this business. You wont be able to make profit unless you have strong market data to back up your basic business plan. Decide location for your coop since you will need to have a location where you can reach market easily and your chicken can thrive in the climate. Find out some local suppliers that you can rely with the baby chicken quality. You should make a deal with supplier before you start investing your money.

You will also need to make sure that you have provided all the financial projections in your business plan. If you move ahead without any financial projections, you wont be able to make any worthwhile progress. This should help you understand how to start poultry farming business comprehensively.

Things to avoid how to start poultry farming business Poultry farm business doesnt only require you to follow the guidelines mentioned above, but you will also have to avoid making mistakes. Usually, farmers make these common mistakes and see their business going nowhere. Avoid them and you will not need any more help when it

comes to how to start poultry farming business. Never rely on someone elses market data. It may be outdated or not correct at all. Always use fresh market data to be sure that it is current. When using a sample business plan- they are usually titled how to start poultry farming business- make sure that you are only using it as a guidelines. If you write your business plan by copying most of the things, you will end up ignoring many factors that will be different for your business. Always prepare a formal business plan. Entrepreneurs who rely solely on their rough sketch hardly find any loans when they need them. This often becomes the soul reason for them to go out of business.

Failure to find potential investors can mean lack of capital to execute your plan. You should visit all the potential investors with a formal business plan and see if you can find any help there. Your last resort should be banks. Failure to maintain a proper accounting system will result in massive problems. Bookkeeping is an important part of any business, be it poultry farming or steel manufacturing. You will always need to have a proper accounts department in place. Failure to understand your chicken in different phases of their life may result in huge losses. You should know about life span, habitat, and diet of chicken before you endeavor into poultry farming business.

Home How to Start Your Own Poultry Business

How to Start Your Own Poultry Business

Are you planning on starting your own hatchery? If so, then Surehatch is the answer to your needs. We manufacture small scale incubators ideal for small to medium scale entrepreneurs who want to start their own hatcheries. It is a highly profitable busines requirement is very small. No specialized knowledge is needed as we will provide all the necessary training and info in order to your own hatchery business. Surehatch has partnered with various organizations who aim to develop entrepreneurship and estab across Africa. We have been highly successful in assisting entrepreneurs in setting up small scale hatcheries across Africa.

If you are interested in starting your own hatchery and want to hatch day old chicks you will need some equipment such as incubators in o supply you with all the equipment necessary to start your own hatchery business.

Why start a hatchery? The short answer it is a highly profitable business and there is a very big demand for chickens in Africa. The poultry industry i sectors in Africa. Chicken meat is the fastest growing protein of all proteins and the demand for poultry meat is ever increasing.

Do I need a lot of money to start a hatchery? No, you can start with very little money and finance the project by selling the chicks and eggs that you produce. We have had cl as R10 000.00 who now own hatcheries that produce over 10 000 chicks per week.

Where can I get the equipment and what will I need to start? You can get all the equipment to start your own hatchery from us. We have the best equipment available on the market and have equipment.

The two most important items that you will need to start a hatchery are egg incubators and fertile hatching eggs. We have the available on the market and have supplied to thousands of satisfied customers over the last 10 years. You can buy a Surehatch In you are guaranteed that you are buying the best equipment available on the market.

Chicken eggs take 21 days to hatch, so how does weekly production work?

There are two processes to incubation. Firstly you have the SETTING Phase. This is where the eggs turn automatically for the fi incubator. Secondly, you have the HATCHING phase, which is the last 3 days of the incubation cycle, from day 18 to 21. The e during these last 3 days until they hatch on day 21. Surehatch Incubators are uniquely designed so that they can be loaded with e means that you can hatch chicks on a continuous basis.

Return On Investment: How much money will I make? A common question that clients ask us is how long it will take to pay the initial capital investment off. The answer is betwe en 4 following example:

If you invest approximately R50 000.00, you will be able to produce approximately 1000 chicks per week. Your costs involved electricity. If you get your fertile eggs for R2.50 per egg (Buy fertile eggs here) and electricity costs around 10c per egg, your t is approximately R2.60. If you sell your day old chicks for R5.60 (conservative estimate, it can be more), you will make a profit multiply R3.00 with 1000 eggs per week, you will make R3000.00 per week. If you take your initial investment of R50 000.00 d profit of R3000.00, you will make your return on capital investment within 17 weeks = 4 months. If you change the figures a bit will take to pay your initial investment off will be 6 months.

It is therefore a very lucrative business to start due to the very high returns on investment that can be expected. Surehatc the business and will ensure that you receive the optimal results in order to maximize your profits.

Where do I start? The most important thing is to decide how many chicks you want to produce per week and how much money you have to spend you know how much you can spend on your equipment, look at our various options on weekly outputs. If you need any further a purchase, feel free to contact our sales team who will assist you in choosing.

Poultry Farming
Subject description

Poultry (chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and other fowl) can be kept by enthusiastic individuals in a back garden or on an allotment, or intensive farming production systems with a large acreage and high turn-over. However, the knowledge needed for looking after the birds in any number is generally the same, whether they are housed or free-range. While many intensive operations concentrate on just one or two breeds of bird, for the enthusiast there are a wide number of broiler (birds raised for meat) and egg-laying breeds available including rare breeds such as the Welsummer and the Plymouth Rock. Poultry farm managers are responsible for the day to day running of the farm, which includes monitoring the welfare of the birds, feeding them and ensuring fresh drinking water is always available. They may also be managing staff in order to compile work rotas, pay and holiday entitlements. Managers are also responsible for maintaining the site, ensuring it is kept clean and tidy at all times and that it complies with the relevant heath and safety regulations. The health of the flock is most important, and managers need to be vigilant and able to act on any health issues that may occur. This type of work is carried out in all weathers, both indoors and outdoors, and can involve long and unsociable hours. Managers will often need to be available for shifts that include weekends and bank holidays. The work can be seasonal, particularly with turkey flocks. The housing of indoor flocks can be dark, smelly and very dusty. Managers will need business skills as well as animal husbandry experience.
Example areas of study

Courses in agriculture often include modules that cover livestock management and production systems. There are also specialist poultry courses and weekend or day-long workshops and courses that focus on particular aspects of poultry keeping. The Poultry Club of Great Britain organises school education sessions, including the Junior Certificate of Proficiency in Poultry Husbandry which is an examination open to those aged under 16 free of charge. Modules may include:

Anatomy Physiology

Biology Business studies Livestock production Poultry housing Hygiene Feeding systems Breeding Quality systems Manufacturing Handling and showing First aid

Some career possibilities

Most poultry breeders start small with a handful of birds. Experience and qualifications can mean progression to working with commercial flocks and in time, managing a poultry farm. Those who prefer to focus on the business side may become sales and distribution managers or company directors.
What do I need to get on a course?

Entry requirements for agriculture and animal husbandry courses vary from institution to institution but those listed below will give you a general idea of the kind of qualifications and grades you may need. It is worthwhile checking with the institution at which you wish to apply before submitting an application.

UCAS Tariff: 80-200 points A-level: C - CCD including a science subject BTEC National Diploma: M in a relevant subject SQA Highers: BBBBC including a science subject SQA Advanced Highers: CCC including a science subject Irish Leaving Certificates: BBBBB including a science subject Mature students will require evidence of experience with poultry 4 GCSEs at grade C or above including English, mathematics and a science subject (rural science is often acceptable)

For your application or interview the following may be useful:

You will need to show evidence of experience in handling and/or looking after poultry, and should have a current tetanus inoculation Further information on poultry can be found at The Poultry Club or The Domestic Fowl Trust To find out more about the typical subjects you will study, potential career paths and further information useful for your application log-on to Course Discover at www.coursediscoveronline.co.uk*

*NB: Your school or college will need a subscription to Course Discover in order for you to gain access, for further information go to:www.coursediscover.co.uk

Poultry industry in Bangladesh: Present status and future challenges (Final part) Prof. Muhammad Mahboob Ali, PhD
Poultry farming offers opportunities for women, children and elderly persons. In comparison to other livestock, poultry requires less investment to start the farming. Persons from low income group may also start the business on a small scale. However, the poultry farmers are acutely suffering from security of their farms and in investment. Every year thousands of farms are collapsing due to bird flu outbreak, and many of the farmers are incapable of buying high priced poultry ingredients. Recently NBR imposed new taxes on maize import. This has created problem as maize is the key ingredient to prepare poultry feed. Moreover, the tax exemption on poultry will also come to an end by June 2011. Commercial poultry production depends mainly on the relative costs of feed constituents, labour, housing, and miscellaneous items of costs in a particular situation. The bank interest rate in this sector is also very high which is on an average 12-14% per annum and real effective interest rate is around 18-20% per annum. Moreover, a lot of hidden charges and costs are associated with this sector to avail the loan from a bank. The poultry sector faces the problem of load shedding as well. The country has been affected by Avian Influenza causing a huge loss for the poultry farmers who are not getting any sort of financial help to mitigate the loss. As per a FAO report on April 20, 2011, Bangladesh and other five countries India, China, Egypt, Indonesia and Vietnam have been suffering from the H5N1 virus. The positive measures from the government: The government has increased subsidy for the bird flu affected farmers. It has also taken initiatives to invent new vaccine to get rid of the problem of the bird flu and for which allocated Tk 57 crore. Recommendations: l To mitigate food deficit especially protein related food, the poultry sector needs special attention for which public and private collaboration is essential. l Imposition of tax on import of maize ought to be withdrawn as soon as possible. l Bank loan in the poultry sector should be arranged at 5-7% simple interest rate per annum and conditions should be eased. Moreover, banks should come forward to invest in this sector. l Livestock department should be more effective and efficient. They should play a proactive role. l To face the global warming problem, this sector should get more priority. l Supply chain management should be improved so that the poultry farmers can directly supply their products to the retail shops and the middle men can not suck the profit. l Poultry insurance should be introduced immediately. l The government should come forward to deal with the problem of Avian Influenza as FAO reported that Bangladesh is one of the six worst victim nations. Poultry industries require special attention from the government as this sector is not only mitigating the demand of protein in the country but also almost 2 crore people are employed, directly or indirectly, in this sector. The writer is with School of Business and Economics, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology.

- See more at: http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_19-05-2011_Poultry-industry-inBangladesh:-Present-status-and-future-challenges-(Finalpart)_224_2_17_1_4.html#sthash.0C784g9o.dpuf

http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_19-05-2011_Poultry-industry-in-Bangladesh:-Present-statusand-future-challenges-%28Final-part%29_224_2_17_1_4.html

Wednesday, 2 January 2013

Poultry Farming (How to set up and operate a profitable poultry farm) at 1:29 pm Posted by Afolabi Kehinde Labels: Business, Local Business

18 1 Stumble0 2170

Agriculture also called farming or husbandry according to wikipedia is the cultivation of animals, plants, food and other product used to sustain life. In this article, we will be looking at poultry farming, how to set up and operate a profitable poultry farm anywhere in the world regardless of where you are. Before we start, let me first tell you one of the 2013 prophecies said by most ministers of God

throughout the world. They said Our youth who think always of travelling should use the money to go into agriculture or foodstuff (Farming, Animal Husbandry) business because in the New Year, God will bless them. They will achieve greatness by transacting in agriculture and foodstuff and become successful in export and import business. The money I am talking about could be in the region of ($1,000, $1,500, $2,000) Now lets get down to work

In this article, we will be looking at poultry farming, how to set up and operate a profitable poultry farm in Nigeria making over 10 million Naira or more yearly. Poultry farming has become one of the most important aspects of agriculture in Nigeria for some reasons. 1. It create business opportunity for Entrepreneurs 2. It provides employment for job seeking citizens 3. It is the kind of business that can never dry up 4. It brings in lot of income Chicken and its product (Egg) is one of the most pretentious food or meat in the world which we all agree to i think. You and I need the proteins derived from chicken to maintain healthy living. It is generally believed that every child needs not less than an egg a day for their normal growth while every adult needs like ten in a week; Poultry also provides meat for delicacies. No tribe,religion or any country forbids chicken meat. Everyone likes it, that's why poultry products sell very fast and in high demand. Apart from chicken been used as food, poultry farming is so much profitable. A good poultry farmer earns above N15 million per annum depending on how big the farm is. All these benefits are open to you if you start your own poultry farm today.

There are basically three types of chicken. They are: 1. The pullets popularly known as Layers: Layers are reared for egg production and most lucrative but more stressing compare to the other once. 2. The Broiler Chicken: Broilers are reared for meat production; The Broilers grows very faster and are ready for sale at 12 weeks from hatch.

3. The third is the cockerel: This is also reared for meat production. . Cockerels grow slower and can take up to twenty four weeks before they are matured for marketing. Cockerels are reliable in terms of survival and withstanding bad weathers. They are more resilient, and can absorb shocks far better than Layers and Broilers.

Poultry farming requires having the right knowledge to be able to the right things to get the right result. It requires hard work and prompt attention to details. Poultry Farming is little capital intensive but if you are starting on a micro scale (Home back yard) where you have a small space at your back yard, it is not. I can say, starting small is the best way to enter and learn the business. If you wants to start on a higher scale, You need to prepare for this Its all like trading money to make more money but be assured to get back whatever amount you invested in the business in multiple times within a short period of time. Some people have the money to invest into the business but have no time to supervise the farm, instead they get people to operate it for them. Having money to set up the business is really not the problem but the problem is to have the knowledge of the business and that is what makes the business to succeed. If you are the kind that have the money but not much time, ensure that the person you give it to manage for you have the knowledge to know what to do at the right time. Be sure that he can be trusted; if you are not sure of the trust, please just keep your money in a fixed account. Before you venture into poultry farming business in Nigeria, you need to seat back and do proper calculation and planning; make sure you have idea of all the costs involved. In this article, I'll be endeavor to give you the ideas of what is involved so you can build upon it; through commenting, people can as well add their own ideas and findings to compliment the write up. So, I hope to make this article as simple as I can, and as we keep adding updates it may end up becoming one stop destination on information about poultry farming in Nigeria! Currently they seem to be no high poultry farms in Nigeria like the ones we used to see in Europe, USA and other counties. Any investors who have the needed capital to venture into it will have reasons to smile within a short period of time. Till now, Nigeria still import chicken from other countries because the ones the local farmers produces are not enough to meet the demand of the over 180 Million citizens. There is certainly huge market for poultry rearing in Nigeria but the question is: Who will take advantage of the opportunity in the industry to create wealth. Remember, the very successful and huge companies in the world also started from somewhere. Now, if you ready to get started in poultry farming, these are the basic requirements you need to set up your farm. Listed below are the requirements

LAND: The no 1 thing you need to get is a land. A plot of land of 120 x 60 square meters is okay for setting up medium scale poultry farm in Nigeria, at least for a start. Once you have a land that is big enough for your farm set up, almost half of your needs have been taken care of. Land is the hardest and the most expensive part of poultry business in Nigeria most especially, places like Lagos, Abuja and some other big city. You may not be allowed to carry out Poultry farming in populated environment or residents due to the smell that is associated with poultry rearing and the subsequent health impact, my advice is that you look for land in a rural area or in farms. There you will get lands cheaper, stays out of trouble and do your production there, while your products will be transported to the urban area for sell. It will be good if you can get your own poultry farm land and build a permanent farm rather than to rent. When you rent, the owner might decide to send you packing and relocating always comes with huge cost. Chicken Cage: is the second most important part of your poultry farm set up and it is not as expensive as buying or acquiring a land. There are so many ways you can build the birds house but make sure that the sizes of the building is spacious enough for the chicken to run around. The house should be constructed in a way that you will be able to control the ventilation and air movement. Get a qualified engineer to do designing and building for you if you are going for large scale construction. Else, you can just visit any good poultry farm to see how the house is constructed. When planning out your chicken house, always remember that space is very important. Don't compromise on this to avoid frequent loss of your birds through suffocation and contamination. Day Old Chicks

Here, this is where the business starts. Buy chicks from chicken hatchery that mainly deals with the supplying of different species of day-old chickens. It's better to buy from the hatchery, Chicken hatchery usually produce good quantity of day old chicks through the use of incubators. The estimated price for day old chicken in Nigeria is N120 - N250. Negotiate the prices with the sellers; you can get it cheaper if you're buying up to 500 chicks. You must buy your day-old-chicks from a healthy source. The productivity of your chicks depends on how healthy they are! Do not pay anybody money until you see the chickens you are buying 419s are everywhere trying to take advantage of people who have the money. Be wise with your money and pay only when the goods are supplied!

Raising hens from baby chicks requires you to check on them often during the first few weeks (Seven to nine weeks). It's really fun to watch them turn from downy, fluffy little balls into feathered-out, gawky adolescent pullets. A chick does not have the ability to maintain its own body temperature without an external source of heat. Below are my outlines of taking care of chicks

After you have gotten your chick, once those baby balls of fluff arrive home, you'll want to have everything ready for them to settle into their brooder and stay warm and happy. Plan to check on them at least five times a day during the first couple of weeks of life, and less after that. You'll need to monitor their temperature, keep them safe from pets, predators and over handling by children, keep their feed and water clean. Make sure your baby chicks have everything they'll need on the first day home. As they get older, you will use different feeders, but for the first week or two, plastic chick feeders like the ones you see above will make life a lot easier for you. Light must be available at all time in your poultry farm to keep the chickens warm, especially during raining season when the humidity is always very low. Look for reliable source of power to supply your hens house with heat and light. Chicks love to stomp in their feed, tip it over, and generally make a mess. They're also not terribly smart and can eat quite a lot of shavings or bedding while they pick spilled feed off the floor. These feeders are perfect. They're at the right height when placed on the brooder floor. Caring For Your Growing Chickens. After the baby chick stage passes, you'll have young pullets and cockerels and, once they turn one year old, hens and roosters. Some basic daily chores involving keeping their food and water fresh and collecting eggs is the basis of ongoing chicken care, but you'll want to make sure they're protected from predators and staying healthy as well.

NOTE: Most layers will start laying eggs the moment they are 18 weeks old but some wait till they are about 22 weeks old. Whichever way, Layer farming is considered the most lucrative of all poultry farming because tow things are acqived from layers, they lay eggs which fetch good money in the market, and are equally sold for the meat. A full crate of pullet eggs sells for about N600, while a crate of semi-pullet sells for N750 wholesale price. If your Layers are large enough to produce 10,000 crates of large eggs which sells for N750, you will be making at least N750 X 10,000 = N7,500,000 From eggs alone!

The chickens is also another big gain! A fully grown chicken sells for between N1,500 and N2,500 (N1,500 to N2,000 at wholesale price) depending on the size and maturity level. Therefore, ten thousand chickens will give you N1, 500 x 10,000 = N15,000,000! What are you then waiting for? Go ahead and give it a try am very sure you'll have reason to smile soonest!!!

NOTE: Drop your address and phone number below in the comment box if you are day-old-chicken supplier in Nigeria so that people who need it may patronize you. You may drop your site address if you have.

My next article on pottery farming will be basically onChicken illnesses and Treatments. Stay tune. - See more at: http://businesswealth.blogspot.com/2013/01/poultry-farming-how-to-set-upand_2.html#.UeLCN38c-ho