...

-
...

2005

1 77


I.

.................................................................4

I.1.

.................................................................................................... 4

I.1.a
I.1.b
I.1.c
I.1.d
I.1.e
I.1.f
I.1.g
I.1.h

........................................................................................................4
.................................................................................4
..................................................................8
.....................................................................................................10
...........................................................................................................10
...................................................................................................10
, ......................................................12
....................................................................................13
................................................................................13
.....................................................................13
.....................................................................................................14
....................................................................................................................14

I.2.

........................................................... 15

I.2.a
I.2.b
I.2.c

I.2.d
I.2.e
I.2.f
I.2.g

............................................................................................................................15
..........................................................................................................16
...............................................................................................18
.....................................................................................18
. .....................................................18
.............................................................................19
....................................................................................................................21
..................................................................................................................................22
: ...........................................................................................................................23

I.3.

................................................. 26
I.3.a
I.3.b
I.3.c
I.3.d

I.3.e
I.3.f
I.3.g

I.3.h

I.3.i

I.3.j
I.3.k
I.3.l
I.3.m

............................................................................................................................26
.......................................................................................................26
.............................................................................................................26
...........................................................................................................27
) ..................................................................................................27
...........................................................................................................27
- Weibull ........................................................................28
) - ..............................................................................29
) ................................................................................30
) ...............................................................................................30
...................................................................................31
/.........................................................................................................33
...............................................................................................35
...................................................................................................................36
.......................................................................................................................36
........................................................................................................................38
......................................................................................................................41
: ..............................................................41
..............................................................................................................41
......................................................................41
..........................................................................41
................................................................................................................42
..............................................................................................................42
Weibull: .......................................................................................42
) (1/7) ...................................................................................................44
/.................................................................................44
...................................................................................................44
, : ............44

2 77


I.3.n
I.3.o
I.3.p
I.3.q
I.3.r
I.3.s
I.3.t
I.3.u

I.3.v

: ........................................................................................................44
..............................................45
...................................................................................................46
- ...............................................................................................................46
....................................................................................................................47
.....................................................................................................................47
.............................................................................47
.......................................................................................47
.................................................................48
(...)..............................................................................48
(..) .............................................................................................49
........................................................................................................49

I.4.

............................................................................................................. 51
I.4.a
I.4.b
I.4.c
I.4.d
I.4.e
I.4.f
I.4.g
I.4.h

WAsP .......................................................................................51
(raw data) ................................................................51
........................................................................................59
WasP 6.0................................................................64
.......................................................................65
. ...............................................73
. .........................................76
. ......................................................................................................76

3 77

I.

I.1.

I.1.a

(/). , :

/,

/ .

I.1.b
:

.
( ).

( ).
,
( Betz) ,
()
. ,
, ,
.

.

, .
, ,
. :

4 77

, M ,
, , .

, P ,
:
P = M *

(Load cell for Torque measurement)

(Synchronous three-phase
generator)

(Signal conditioning, A/D
and D/A units)

(Encoder)

, ,
(Pressure transducers, Amplifiers, etc)

11 Pitot

(Battery)

(PC)

(Load cell for Drag measurement)

I.1-1.

:
,

5 77


.
Pitot,
(
) (pressure transducer).
DRAL 05
DATA INSTRUMENTS 1250 Pa 0-5
Volt.
Pitot ,
.
,
.

1
1
( p + V 2 ), ( V 2 ).
2
2

11 Pitot

I.1-2.
Pitot
, V ,
( ).

,
(
) .

6 77

 1040 30 kg, TEDEA HUNTLEIGH

.

I.1-3.

,
.
.

(
) .

(
).
( )
,
. (
) ,
.

/
(/ )
.

7 77

 ENB 500 3 1 AUTONICS, 500

.

. 23,5
Hz.

I.1.c
:
. (CPU)
. (A/D)
. (D/A)
. (F/V)
. (Load Cell Amplifier)
. (Power Amplifier)
. RS232
. (pressure transducers)
. (Load Cell)
. / (Shaft encoder)
(CPU)
.
, ,
,
, RS232.

.
(A/D)
16
-10V +10V.
(D/A)
12 12V.
(F/V)

0-10V.
(Load Cell Amplifier)
-10 - +10V
.
(Power Amplifier)
.
RS232
RS232 9600
bit/sec.

8 77

(Load cell)

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

(Load cell)

(5)
(Pressure Transducers)

(
F/V)

(Loadcell
Amplifier)

(Loadcell
Amplifier)

(A/D)

'

(CPU)

PC
(RS232)

(PC)

I.1-4.

AC
(Three
phase
Generator)

(D/A)

17/10/98
17/10/98
20/10/98
28/11/98

15/02/99

Block diagr.dwg

9 77

I.1.d
,
,
.

I.1.e


.
:
,
.
Pitot: Pitot
(
).
:
RS232 (
).
.
.

I.1.f
,
(wind)
wind: (dos prompt) : cd wind
: wind.

, ,
:

.
, : f, ( .4.1)
: enter filename.
( ), .. test1.dat

.
: S, ( .4.1)
DAC=. 0 255
,
( ,
255 ). enter.
R,
0 255.

10 77


,
(
), : D, ( .4.1)
: enter new delay. 0 100
.

DRAG (Nt) = 976.000

RPM = 800

P (Watt) = 722.6979

DAC = 124

Velocity: 10.04 9.03 9.97 10.64 10.47 m/sec

Sensors:
61.74 49.94 60.88 69.34 67.14 Pascal
36 Km/h

DAC
<s> Standard
<r> Range
<f> Change filename
<d> Change delay

I.1-5.

Enter: Start/Stop recording

WIND.`

11 77

LOADCELL (Nt) = 95.900, M (Ntm) = 8.6310

 (delay)
(
):
/

DELAY

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

0
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
100

(sec)
11,3
29,18
37,93
47,03
64,89
82,61
100,44
118,3
136,1
154,0
189,6

(Hz)
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5
23,5

265,55
685,73
891,36
1105,21
1524,92
1941,34
2360,34
2780,05
3198,35
3619,00
4455,60

I.1.g ,
,
: 25 <V<60 km/h.

, V1=30km/h, V2=40km/h, V3=50km/h,
.


( km/h) .

,
.

,
, enter (
.4.1). : recording,
.
,

(: delay),
.
enter ,
.
.

12 77

I.1.h

S5*1000 (m/sec)

S4*1000 (m/sec)

S3*1000 (m/sec)

S2*1000 (m/sec)

S1*1000 (m/sec)

Cp*1000 [ ]

Cm*1000 [ ]

P [Watt]

M*1000 [Nt m]

*1000 [ ]

*1000 [r/sec]

N [rpm]

Lc2*1000 [Nt]

Lc*1000 [Nt]

DAC [ ]

ASCII 14 , :

, .
:

DAC
Lc
Lc2
N

M
P
Cm
Cp
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5

Pitot No 1
Pitot No 2
Pitot No 3
Pitot No 4
Pitot No 5

x 1000
x 1000

Nt
Nt

x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000
x 1000

RPM
rad/sec

Nt m
Watt

m/sec
m/sec
m/sec
m/sec
m/sec

: .2., .2.1, .4 .6.

13 77

Excel
: M-N, P-N, Cm-, Cp- Cf-, ( Cf
).
, V.
,
,
.
:
-

1400000

1200000

P (*0.001 Watt)

1000000

800000

600000

400000

200000

0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

N (rpm)

12 m/sec

9 m/sec

15 m/sec

Poly. (12 m/sec)

Poly. (9 m/sec)

Poly. (15 m/sec)

,
().

.

14 77

I.2.
I.2.a
(wind tunnels) 19
1903 Wright.

.
, .

,
.
, ,
Reynolds, :

Re =

:
V:
l:
:

V l

( 1,225 Kg/m3)
(m/sec)
(m)
( 1810-5 Kg/msec)

,
Reynolds.

I.2-1.

15 77

 I.2-2.

.
.
I.2.b

2
.
(open circuit)

, .
open
circuit - closed jet (NPL type)

I.2-3.

(closed jet - open circuit wind tunnel)

16 77

 open circuit - open jet (Eiffel type)

I.2-4.

(open jet - open circuit wind tunnel)

(closed return), (Prandtl/ Gottingen type),

.

I.2-5.

(open jet - closed type wind tunnel)

17 77

 I.2-6.

(closed jet - closed type wind tunnel)

.
.
.
3.

I.2.c
:

.
, ,
.

.
(
, )
.

18 77

 I.2-7.

,
.. .
, .

I.2.d

. 400mm400mm.
( ) .

1.

I.2-8.

7.5kW, 1410rpm.

19 77

 Inverter .
20m/sec.
,

.
(screens) (honeycombs).
.
,
.

I.2-9.

. ,
.

I.2-10.

20 77


.

.

.

I.2.e



pitot.

I.2-11.

pitot

pitot
8
. .
pressure transducer.
/
.

21 77

I.2.f

.
1 2 ,0
1 1 ,5
1 1 ,0

m/sec

1 0 ,5
1 0 ,0
9 ,5
9 ,0
8 ,5
8 ,0
0

20

40

60

80

100

tim e

I.2-12.

.

.

.

U (t )

U:

u ( t ) = U ( t ) U
u2:

1 t +T / 2
= u = [U (t ) U ]2 dt
T t T / 2
2

u,
:

22 77

Iu =

u
U

I.2.g :

8 10cm &
60cm ( 1.X).

4 4 .
.

23 77

1.1
f=

5,5
----------

= 10cm

15,5

25,5

35,5

-------------

--------------

5,15

15,15

25,15

35,15

----------

-------------

--------------

-----------

5,25

15,25

---------5,35

----------

------------15,35

-------------

25,25

-------------25,35

--------------

-----------

35,25

----------35,35

-----------

24 77

1.2
f=

= 60cm

5,5

15,5

25,5

35,5

----------

-------------

--------------

---------

5,15

15,15

25,15

35,15

----------

-------------

--------------

---------

5,25

15,25

----------

-------------

--------------

-------

5,35

15,35

25,35

35,35

----------

-------------

--------------

---------

25,25

35,25

25 77

I.3.

I.3.a

I.3.b

/, ,
, /, . .

I.3.c

/

-

26 77

I.3.d

.
.

( 1 )
,
( 10 )
.
/ (
ascii
.
:
DL9210 Version 02
Filename = 00730701.N99
Metric
09:58:39 08-09-1999
------------------------------ Site Information --------------------------Site Number
:0073
# of Sensors
:1
Serial Number
:5370
Interval
:60
Model Number
:9210
Chip Socket
:1
Firmware Version :03
Left Socket (1):8k
chip
Chip ID
:00
Right Socket (2):NO
CHIP
SPD 1: Scale = 0.381846, Offset = 0.000000, M/S
SPD 2: Scale = 0.381846, Offset = 0.000000, M/S
SPD 3: Scale = 0.381846, Offset = 0.000000, M/S
DIR 1: Scale = 1.406250, Offset = 0.000000, Degrees
DIR 2: Scale = 1.406250, Offset = 0.000000, Degrees
ANLG : Scale = 1.000000, Offset = 0.000000, Counts
--------------------------- Start/Stop Information -----------------------Start Time
:10:46
Stop Time
:10:38
Start Date
:07/01/99 m/d/y
Stop Date
:08/01/99 m/d/y
Start Voltage
:7.5
Stop Voltage
:6.9
----------------------------- Gust Information ---------------------------SPD 1
SPD 2
SPD 3
Speed
: 18 M/S
0 M/S
0 M/S
Direction : 315 Degrees
0 Degrees
0
Degrees
Time
: 15:00
00:00
00:00

27 77

Date
: 07/14/99 m/d/y
00/00/00 m/d/y
00/00/00 m/d/y
------------------------Raw Header Information -----73 00 70 53 10 92 03 00 46 10 01 07 99 89 96 31
E0 00 15 14 07 99 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 38 10 01 08 99 89 01 FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 55
------------------------- Data Information --------Spd1, SD1, Dir1, Time, Date
6.40, 0.98, 294, 1000, 070199
5.58, 0.81, 297, 1100, 070199
5.82, 0.67, 293, 1200, 070199
5.92, 1.24, 266, 1300, 070199
6.40, 0.86, 271, 1400, 070199
. . . . .
30 (header)

(gust) .
(Spd1)
(SD1) (Dir1) .

.

- Weibull

P(V)

.
( 1 m/s,
[0..1],[1..2],[n-1..n])

. 1
Weibull ( ).
0,15
0,14
0,13
0,12
0,11
0,1
0,09
0,08
0,07
0,06
0,05
0,04
0,03
0,02
0,01
0

I.3-1.

7
8
9
10 11
(m/s)

12

13

14

15

16

Weibull

. ( Weibull)

28 77

 Weibull :
P( V )=

k V

C C

k 1

V

C

:
C: ,
m/s
k: ,
.

) -

.

.

.
/

1.100

Pr

1.000
900

Vci

[K watt]

800
700

Vr

600
500
400
300

Vco

200
100
0
0

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
[m /s]

I.3-2.

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

0,00
24,10
69,30
130,00
219,10
333,50
463,10
598,10
730,00
846,50
928,80
972,60
990,80
997,20
999,20
999,80
999,90
1000,00
1000,00
1000,00
1000,00
1000,00
1000,00

:
(Vci),
. 3-5 m/s ( ).
(Vr)
, 12-15 m/s
(Vco),

, 20-25 m/s.
(Pr):
.

29 77

:
)
(.
)
,

)

= ..
.

,
(, ) ( ,
) .
:


.

.

.

,
.

30 77

I.3.e
:

Weibull
WasP.

I.3-3

.
,
ascii
Ascii (6) ,
,
, , .

I.3-4.

Ascii .

/,
Weibull.

(m/s) ().

31 77


(8760 )

.
T
(), (), ( ) .

,
.
( ) 1/7 ( ) .
.
.

I.3-5.

Weibull WASP.
Wasp (*.rsf) /.

/.

Weibull.
,
WASP Park.

32 77

I.3.f /

I.3-6.

,
,
.
.

.
/ Weibull
.
(V,P)
.
WASP
(*.pow),
.
33 77

 I.3-7.

WASP

34 77

I.3.g
,

,
- ( )
(..
, ..).

I.3-8.

( )

( 0)
:
(WG).
/ (PR).
/ (VR)
T / (buyCost).

35 77


, 2
.
(.
).


, ..

.
:
,
,
,

.

(
), ()
,
:
,
(
).

...
,
.

.

,
, ,

.
,

/. 3

. .
WASP o
.

36 77


,
:
<7 .

IRR , ..
~ 10%.
,

.

I.3-9.

, .
-50% 50%


-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
+10%
+20%
+30%
+40%
+50%

10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
18,00
20,00
22,00
24,00
26,00
28,00
30,00

()
(IRR) ,

37 77


().

10%

20%

9%

8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
%
-1%

15%
10%
5%
%
-5%
-10%

-2%
-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

I.3-10.

-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Weibull (C)

(IRR)

I.3.h
,
weibull (c=7.0, k=1.95)
.
.

. Weibull
.

.
.
.
, ,
.
23,96 .
( ).
38 77


. :

.
. 5%
,
, (a0) 0 (a1) 0,05

:

( ) = 0,05 ( ) + 0,0

10%

..
30% .
5 .
/.
,
20% .
(Drag and drop)
.

, 10% .

.

.
, :
2% .
5.000.000 .
1% .

.
,
.
,

.
.
/

39 77

 .

.
-
,
sample.dat .

( ) 2000 KW.

(capacity factor) (
).
Nordex N43 (600 kW)
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0

2.0
17.0
45.0
72.0
124.0
196.0
277.0
364.0
444.0
533.0
584.0
618.0
619.0
618.0
619.0
620.0
610.0
594.0
592.0
590.0
580.0
575.0
570.0

Power curve supplied by:

Nordex Balcke-Drr GmbH
Svindbaek
DK-7323 Give, Denmark
Phone +45 75 73 44 00
Fax
+45 75 73 41 47
Email nordex@nordex.dk

IRR
;
.
.

4.000.000 2% ,
.

40 77

 (sample.rsf)


C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9

1,7%
2,7%
3,4%
3,0%
2,0%
4,2%
7,4%
9,3%
8,0%

/
18 m/s.

/
Vci
Vco
Vr
Pr

IRR

/
/
/
/

I.3.i :

. :
K
( )

.
.
:
K - ( )
( )

2.

41 77

 ,
.
:
K ( - + 1) 2
( ) ( + 1)

,
,
. 10%
.
:

I.3.j Weibull:
P( U V ) = e

V

C

(1)

:
C:

k:

P( V )=

k V

C C

k 1

V

C

(2)

:
1
(3)
Vm = C 1+
k
:
2

1 1
2
2
= C 1+ 1+ (4)
k k

( x )=

x 1

e t dt

k,C Weibull

42 77

 Weibull

P( U V ) = e

V

C

(5)

V
Ln( P )=
C

(6)

V
Ln( Ln( P ))= Ln
C

= k ( Ln( V ) Ln( C )) = k Ln ( V ) k Ln( C )

(7)

:
=Ln(-Ln(P)) (8)
=Ln(V)
(9)
B = k Ln ( C )

(10)

H (7) :
Y = k X + B (8)

Vi
1
2
3
4
5
...

P(UVi)
94,74%
86,18%
74,93%
63,14%
52,72%
...

(7)
k,B C (10):

C=e

B

k

(11)

:
)

43 77

Vz = VH

( )
Ln(
)
Ln z z
o
H

(12)

zo

I.3.k ) (1/7)

z
Vz = VH
(13)
H
:
:
(m)
z:
(m)
z0
(m)
VH
(H) (m/s)
Vz
(z) (m/s)

I.3.l /
N

= F(V)t (14)
t=1

:
F(V):H / (V m/s F(V)
watt).
:
. (8760 )
t
()

I.3.m

,
:

K T = K 0 (1+ e)T
:
0:
:
e:
:

(15)

()

a=
1

Ki
1

(16)

(1+ i ) N

44 77

:
:

i:

:

(t) :
T= a

(1+ i) N t +1

(17)

:
N

K =

Ct

t=1 (1+i)

:
Ct:
i:
:
0:

I 0 (18)

(t)

.
.

(E IRR) ,
:
N

Ct

t
t=1 (1+IRR )

= I0

(19)

I.3.n
0
.
:
1.

2.

3.

4.

,



/
/


(,
)

45 77

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Software

.
, ,

, () .

, ,

/,
, , - .

.
&
,

.

5%

I.3.o
:
, - Service
.

.
1%
( , /, ,
, ,
).
.
(1-2 )
/.
(
).

I.3.p -

:
a
T=a
A
(1 + i ) N
:
:

i:
.

46 77

:
a:
a=

K*i
1
1
(1 + i ) t

B
: :
t: .

I.3.q

.
, , ,
.

(. )
.

.

I.3.r
:

-
-

I.3.s

/ ,
20 .

I.3.t
=

=

-
-

47 77


(+)
..

(-)

I.3.u
,

, .

,
.

:

(...)

H ... :

.
... :
N
Tt
... =
( I 0 ..) C
t
t =1 (1 + i )
:
t:
N:
i:
I0:
.. :

t.
.

.
. 4

. 0
t
(1+i)-t.
...

.
,

.
... :
) .
) .
) .
4

(..) ,
.

48 77

)
.
...
.

~10%.
() (IRR.)


.
N
1
2
D
+
+ ... +
= I0
1
2
(1 + io )
(1 + io )
(1 + io ) N
,
:
) io
i (io>i), ...
.
) io
i (io>i), ...
..

(..)

.

,

.
.. ,
. .

I.3.v

,
, .

( )
.
..,

5 :
( C Weibull)


.

49 77


:


K o

28%
26%
24%

22%
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
-50% -40%

-30% -20% -10%

Weibull (C)

I.3-11.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

50 77

I.4.
.

I.4.a WAsP
WsP 6.0
,
.
,

.

.

I.4.b (raw data)

( raw data )
(.dat),
(.txt) (.prn).
OWC Wizard ( ,),
, WasP 6.0. OWC Wizard
. raw data

. :
,
() ( 1)
raw data Add. ( 2, 2, 2, 2)
raw data .
(
...) ( 3)


. (
) ( 4 5)
( 6 )
( 7 )
raw data ( 8 )
(sectors)
sector ( 9 )
. ( 10 )

NEXT BACK
.

51 77

 . OWC WasP 6.0

.

. OWC.

52 77

 1. .
site .

2. Add
( raw data ).

53 77

 2. . () (
2 )

2. .

54 77

 2. .
(
). .

3. . Header rows in the :

.
. ( Direction Speed ).

55 77

 4. OWC .
( . )

5. (
). 0
( Calm
threshold). Dscretisation
( . bin ).

56 77

 6.
.

7. .

57 77

 8.
. Next.

9. WasP 6.0.
( sectors )
. advanced
bin .

58 77

 10.
.

I.4.c

WasP
.
.dxf ( Autocad ) ..
WasP ,
WasP Map Editor ( 11, 12 13 ).
.map. map editor

.
.
:
File Open.
map editor
12.
.
Map Image Show.

zoom
. zoom zoom
control ( 14, 15).

Line edit options ( 16).
property change contour property change (
16 ).
roughness.

59 77

.
(.. )
.

( 17, 18, 19 ).

.

11. WasP map editor .

12. WasP map editor.

60 77

 13. map editor.

14. zoom control.

61 77

 15. .

16. Line edit options.

.

62 77

 17. Contour change property.

roughness .

18. .

63 77

 19. , ,
.
Mode Height roughness.

I.4.d WasP 6.0.

WasP ( 20 ):
-
( )
- ( )
- (
).
WasP (
Workspaces )
Projects. Project
.
.

. .. Project Workspace
Project.

.
.
.
WasP
:
.

64 77

I.4.e .
Workspace File, New
Workspace. Workspace WasP
Project ( 20 ).
Project.

( 21).
.

:
.
Project Workspace. Projects
Workspace Projects.

( 22, , , ).
( ).
WasP
,
.
(Wind atlas ) (Met.
Station)
OWC. (Observed wind climate ).
Wind Atlas .
:
. Project Wind atlas ( 23 ).
. Met. Station Wind atlas
.
Met. Station
. ( 24, ).
. Observed wind climate Met. Station
. ( 25 ).
.
,
.
WasP
, , .

. WasP
Resource Grid Project. ( 26 ).
configure grid setup
grid. ( 27 ).
x y (min, max) ,
. ( 28 ).
.
Workspace
.
calculate .
(
65 77

 resource grid ),
resource grid. ( 29 ).

20. WasP.

21.
Workspace.

66 77

 22. Project.

22. .

67 77

 22.
Project.

22. .

68 77

 23. Wind atlas.

24. Met. Station.

69 77

 24. .

25. observed wind climate ( ) Met. Station.

70 77

 26. Resource Grid Project.

27.

71 77

 28. Resource Grid.

29.
.

.
.

72 77

I.4.f .
site.


( ). WasP
.
.
:
Project ( Wind
atlas ),
Project Turbine site. ( 30 ).
Predicted Wind Climate
. ( 31, 31 )
Turbine site. ( 31, 31 )
site ( Turbine site.
32).
Turbine site
.

.
. (
).
Predicted Wind climate (
33 ).

30.

73 77

 31.

31.

74 77

 32.

33.

75 77

I.4.g .
-
Project Wind Farm.( 34 )

.
Wind Farm
. ( 35).
( 36 ).


.
.
ENTER.

I.4.h .
Word
Excel Copy Paste.
Wasp directory.
directory

.
map editor o
WasP .
Wind atlas
Met. Station
Observed Wind Climate .

34.

76 77

 35.

36.

77 77