LOGIC IN COMPUTER SCIENCE CHNG II.

C PHP V NG NGHA
LOGIC IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
CHNG II
C PHP V NG NGHA
2.1. SUY LUN THA
!" !#"$% 1. C&!# '"() *"+ '",%.
Cho
1. U: Tp v tr cc biu thc logic
2. B = {A
1
, A
2
, ! " Tp c# $%
&. ' = {

! ( )* cc h+,
Cho tr-.c h+, g/ ch0/ tr1 v: B 23415, /gh67 l+ v8A
i
9 23415 4 A
i
B
:;u l+ ,<t biu thc logic =>>, th? ph@p g/ ch0/ tr1 v thA7 /;u tB/ tCi v $7o
cho
1 ) ( = v
. D<t =>> l+ EhF thA7 /;u tB/ tCi ph@p g/ ch0/ tr1 v /+o GH thA7
V d: (pq)
p q
p q
) ( v
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
!" !#"$% 2. S-. /-0! '"1%.
:Hi $uI lu/ r7 l+ thJ7, EK hiLu l+ M /;u biu thc logic l+ hN/g
GO/g. :Hi thPo /gQ/ /gR EhF thA7 th? $uI lu/ r7 l+ thJ7, EK hiLu l+ M /;u
tB/ tCi ph@p g/ ch0/ tr1 v /+o GH thA7 cho c/g thA7 cho .
Cho l+ tp cc =>>S$, /Hi $uI lu/ r7 l+ thJ7, ET hiLu M , /;u ,*i ph@p
g/ ch0/ tr1 thA7 cho tJ/g cQ/g thc tro/g c/g thA7 cho .
V d cho (pq) va p q thi [
Cac truong hop ring
1. Nu [ , thi chung ta noi thua hoc la hop l va vit[
2. Nu bt kha thoa, thi [ voi moi wII
TS. L Huy Thp
20
LOGIC IN COMPUTER SCIENCE CHNG II. C PHP V NG NGHA
3. Nu [ va [ , thi la va la tuong duong thua va ky hiu
Chng han (pq) va p q thi
4. [ nu va chi nu ( ) hop l
Trng hp ring :
a. Nu [ , ta noi rng la thua hoc la hop l va vit [
b. Nu khng kha thoa thi [ voi moi wII
c. [ va [ thi noi va la tuong duong thua.
d. [ nu va chi nu () la thoa
Cc v d
1. Chung minh (AB) (AB) kha thoa nhung khng hop l
Chung minh. Dt (AB) (AB) ta phai chung minh la kha thoa. Lp bang
chn tri nhu sau :
2. Chung minh (AB) (AB) (AB) khng kha thoa
Dt (AB) (AB) (AB)
3. Chung minh rng A , A B}[ B
Gii
A , A B}[ B nghia la (A (AB)A) [ B
Dt A (AB) B, phai chung minh hng dung
TS. L Huy Thp
A B
AB A B AB (AB) (AB)
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1

1 ) ( = v
( )
A B AB A B AB (AB)
(AB)
AB (AB) (AB) (AB)
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Khng tn tai v d
1 ) ( = v
nn (AB) (AB) (AB) la khng kha thoa
21
LOGIC IN COMPUTER SCIENCE CHNG II. C PHP V NG NGHA
b) A , A B}[ B v((A (AB) (B))) 0
4. Chung minh A , A }[ A A
Gii
A , A }[ A A v((A (A) (AA))) 0
TS. L Huy Thp
A B
AB A(AB) A(AB) B
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Suy din thua, truong hop [ ( ) 1 (Hng dung)
A B
AB A(AB) B (A (AB) (B))
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
Suy din thua, truong hop [ () 0 (hng sai)
A
A A (A) (AA) (A (A) (AA))
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
Suy din thua, truong hop [ v( ()) 0
22
LOGIC IN COMPUTER SCIENCE CHNG II. C PHP V NG NGHA
5. Chung minh A , A }[ A A
Gii
A , A }[ A A v((A (A) (AA))) 1
6. Chung minh A , B }[ q A B
Gii
Ch :
Trong cac vi du trn chung ta d su dung diu hin nhin: Nu khng kha thoa
khi va chi khi hop l.
2.2. 23) 4!" '5!" *"+ '",% 67 8-. /-0! '"1%
V d. Chung minh rng A((BA)(CB) la kha thoa
Gii:
Lp bang chn tri
A B C A

((B
A
(
C
B))
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
Vi co hang cui trong bang kt qua bng 1, nn A((BA)(CB) kha thoa.
TS. L Huy Thp
A B
AB (AB) A B A B (AB) (A B)
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Tuong duong thua
23
LOGIC IN COMPUTER SCIENCE CHNG II. C PHP V NG NGHA
D phuc tap cua thut toan la 2
n
trong do n la s ky hiu mnh d (don gian)
2.:. T5!" 4; );% )3) !<= >?!" 4@
nh l
Cho G la ham Boolean n bin n 1. Co tn tai mt wII sao cho G B
n

. Co
nghia la tuc hin ham G.
V d
G la ham Bool 3 bin voi
1. G(0, 0, 0) 0
2. G(0, 0, 1) 1
3. G(0, 1, 0) 1
4. G(0, 1, 1) 0
5. G(1, 0, 0) 1
6. G(1, 0, 1) 0
7. G(1, 1, 0) 0
8. G(1, 1, 1) 1
Co 4 dim ham G 1, vy:
Tai 2. (A
1
A
2
A
3
)
Tai 3. (A
1
A
2
A
3
)
Tai 5. (A
1
A
2
A
3
)
Tai 8. (A
1
A
2
A
3
)
Vy DNF thuc hin ham Bool G la:
(A
1
A
2
A
3
)(A
1
A
2
A
3
)(A
1
A
2
A
3
)(A
1
A
2
A
3
)
TS. L Huy Thp
24