2nd Year Maths Test Factorising

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The solutions are on page 3 and 4 of this file, but make sure you look at examples from your text book as well, chapter 12
Question 1 (take out whats common) Factorise each of the following !x " 12 $x2 " 1%x Question 2 ((ang of four) Factorise each of the following ax " bx " ay " by #a " #b #x2 & 'xy

$a " $b " xa " xb

am & an " !m & !n

ac " bd " ad " bc

pa " bq & pb & aq

Question # (Quadratic trinomials) Factorise each of the following x2 " !x " # x2 " )x " 12 x2 & 1%x " 21 x2 " x & #% x2 & x & !2

Question ! (*ifference of two s+uares) Factorise each of the following 2$x2 & 1,y2 !x2 & #, 1 & -1y2 ./aluate (work out) 1)2 & )2 0 1'%2 & 1%2 0 Question $ (a)1im2lif3 the following:
2a 0 #a
!b 2 0 2b

2%ab 0 $b
2!ab 2 0 -ab

(4) 1im2lif3 the following 43 factorising full3 first:

2a + 2b = 2 x 2 2 xy = #x , y

x2 ! = !x + -

x 2 1, = x 2 #x ! x 2 + 11x + 2= x 2 !'

1olutions
Question 1 Question 2 (x " y)(a " b) ($ " x)(a " b) (a " !)(m & n) (a " c)(b " d) (p & a)(b " q) .5am2le: am & an " !m & !n a is in the first 2 terms and ! is in the last 2 terms so take these out a(m & n) " !(m & n) (Notice that what is inside the 4rackets must 4e the same) (a " !)(m & n) To get the answer 2ut what is outside the 4rackets together in a new 4racket6 together with what was alread3 in 4rackets7 !(x " #) $x(x " 2) #(a " b) #x(x & #y)

Question # (x " 1)(x " #) (x " #)(x " !) (x & #)(x & )) (x " ,)(x & $) (x " ,)(x & ))

The answer will alwa3s ha/e two 4rackets with 2 xs6 so 3ou can write down half the answer straight awa3 .5am2le 1: x2 " )x " 12 8hat factors of 12 add u2 to gi/e the num4er in the middle which is )7 Make a list of them7 1 9 12 29, # 9 ! (# " ! 0 )) 1o the answer is (x "#)(x " !) .5am2le 2: x2 & 1%x " 21 8hat factors of 21 add u2 to gi/e &1%:: Make a list &1 9 &21 &# 9 &) (&# &) 0 &1%) 1o the answer is

(x & #)(x & )) .5am2le #: ;f 3ou can do this one then 3ou are a genius7 x2 & x & !2 8hat factors of &!2 add u2 to gi/e &1 :: (Note: &x is the same as &1x) Make a list &1 9 !2 1 9 &!2 &2 9 21 2 9 &21 &# 9 1! # 9 &1! &, 9 ) , 9 &) (, &) 0 &1) 1o the answer is (x " ,)(x &))

Question ! ($x & !y)($x " !y) !x2 & #, 0 (2x)2 & (,)2 0 (2x & ,)(2x " ,) (1 & 'y)(1 " 'y) 1)2 & )2 0 (1) & ))(1) " )) 0 (1%)(2!) 0 2!% #,%%% Question $
2 # 2b !a #b

Question $4 a"b
x 2 2 xy x( x 2 y ) x = = #x , y #( x 2 y ) #

x 2 ! ( x 2)( x + 2) x 2 = = !x + !( x + 2) !

x 2 1, ( x !)( x + !) x + ! = = 2 x +1 x # x ! ( x + 1)( x !)

x 2 + 11x + 2- ( x + !)( x + )) x + ! = = ( x ))( x + )) x ) x 2 !'

For Question $46 3ou factorise to2 and 4ottom first and then 3ou cancel out onl3 the factors that are the same7