Age (yrs) 0-1 1-3 3-6

Stage Basic Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt

Description Infants learn whether the world is a good or bad place depending on the nature of their primary caregiver Children must learn to be independent. Failure to do so may lead to doubt and shame Children attempt to act grown up and take on more responsibility. The child must learn boundaries and responsibility Children master social and academic skills. The child starts to compare him/herself to peers which determines confidence The crossroad between childhood and maturity the teen begins to search for his or her identity The primary focus of this stage is relationships. Feelings of isolation may result if a person does not find a sense of belonging Adults are at the point of being productive and raising their families. Those who do not put energy into others tend to become self centered The older adult reviews his or her life and either feels a sense of integrity or despair

6-12

Industry vs. Inferiority

12-20 20-40

Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation

40-65

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Old Age

Integrity vs. Despair

Erickon's Psychosocial Stages and Human Development (Shaffer, Wood, Willoughby, 2005)