AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

Dr. Azhar bin Mohamed Jabatan Anestesiologi Hospital RPZ II Kota Bharu

Airway Management

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this course, you should be able to determine the causes of upper airway obstruction

open the airway using the correct techniques

insert the airways using the correct technique

administer supplemental O2 using different devices

assist endotracheal intubation
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CAUSES OF UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

Foreign bodies e.g. secretions, blood, dentures

Posterior displacement of the tongue

Swelling of the pharynx, larynx or epiglottis e.g. acute epiglottis, laryngeal oedema
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MANOEUVERS TO OPEN THE AIRWAY

Head tilt and chin lift

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MANOEUVERS TO OPEN THE AIRWAY

Jaw thrust
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OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
Sizes
Techniques

Complications

Airway Management

NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
Sizes
Techniques Complications

Airway Management

IMPORTANCE OF OXYGEN
All living tissues requires O2 to function More so in cells of the brain, heart and kidneys Brain cells will die when deprive of O2 for about 4 - 6 minutes
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ADMINISTRATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN

1. Nasal Cannula
Low-flow system

O2 concentration approx. 4% for every additional 1L/min flow

Flow rate of 1-6 L/min gives O2 concentration 24 - 44%

Airway Management

ADMINISTRATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN

2. Simple Face Mask
O2 flow should be higher than 5L/min

Recommended flow is 8 - 10 L/min

Provides O2 concentration of 40 - 60%

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ADMINISTRATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN

3. Face Mask with O2 reservoir
Provides O2 concentration higher than 60% O2 concentration approx. 10% for every additional 1L/min flow

At 10 L/min the O2 concentration is almost 100%

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ADMINISTRATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN

4. Venturi Mask
Provides gas flow with a fixed O2 concentration

Frequently used in COLD patients

O2 concentrations available are 24%, 28%, 35%, 40%, 60% and 80%

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ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION
Advantages
Indications

Technique
Complications

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SUMMARY
It is important for medical staff to know : how to open and maintain the airway using simple adjuncts how to assist in intubation the associated complications

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