Lesson Plans for ID project Day 1: The founding of Detroit Standards: F2.

1 Describe the major trends and transformations in American life prior to 1877 including patterns of immigration and migration (National Geography Standard 9, p. 201) development of cities (National Geography Standard 12, p. 208) Anticipatory Set: Imagine you are an explorer, and you come across a brand new area but you see items there from another group of people? What would you do first? Class Flow: Look at the map projected on the screen. Make observations about the location of Detroit, such as where it is, what is near it, who would have control of it pre-revolution. o Share your observations with a neighbor. Analyzing Images of the Courier Du Bois o Based on prior knowledge who were they? What was their goal? How do you think they were treated and how do you think they treated the land? o What do these images tell us about the Courier Du Bois? o Each group will analyze an image, and then we will have each group give a short presentation. Stop and quick write for 5 minutes: What would be the benefit for the courier du bois to build at the present location of Detroit? o Share with a neighbor o Discuss as a class. Established primarily as a fur trading post. By Cadillac with permission of the French Government. Detroit was surrendered to the British during the French and the Indian War to the British Pass out the information on the Kikapoo culture, have the students read silently and answer the question of what they thought the Native American Response to the founding of Detroit would be. o Contentious Some enjoyed the trade, and used it to their advantage, while others disliked the fact that Europeans moved in. o Pontiacs rebellion- I will read the summary, and have the students ask at least 3 questions and then they will trade papers with their neighbors and they will then answer the questions. The founding of Detroit was not easy, and it became a major point of contention prior to the revolution, but after the British lost control of the ohio river valley, Detroit was under the complete control of the United States. (Jays treaty) Needed Materials: Projector for Map Section on Kikapoo Culture Reading on Pontiacs Rebellion Pictures of the Courier du Bois for Analysis Computer with map Closure: Students will write down how they think the founding of Detroit impacted how it grew in later years. There is no wrong answer, only predictions. It could have to do with geography, the people, anything.

Excerpt from Culture of Kikapoo Tribe:

In a tradition shared by both tribes, Kickapoo and Shawnee believe they were once part of the same tribe which divided following an argument over a bear paw. The Kickapoo language is virtually identical to Shawnee, and culturally the two were very similar except for some southern cultural traits which the Shawnee had absorbed during the years they had lived in the southeastern United States. Typical of other Great Lakes Algonquin, both lived in fixed villages of mid-sized longhouses during summer. After the harvest and a communal buffalo hunt in the fall, the Kickapoo separated to winter hunting camps. The Kickapoo were skilled farmers and used hunting and gathering to supplement their basic diet of corn, squash and beans. Many Indian agents in the 1800s were startled just how well the Kickapoo could farm, but modern Americans would probably be just as surprised to learn how important buffalo hunting was to Kickapoo in Illinois during the 1700s. Before most of the other tribes in the area, the Kickapoo were using horses to hunt buffalo on the prairies of northern Illinois - a skill which allowed their rapid adaptation to the lifestyle of the Great Plains after removal. Like the Shawnee, the Kickapoo were organized into patrilineal clans with descent traced through the father, but the brothers and sisters of the mother had special responsibilities in raising the children. The Kickapoo name is familiar, but most people have trouble remembering where they have heard it. For most Americans, the name sounds humorous, especially for those old enough to remember Al Capp's "Little Abner" and "Kickapoo joy juice." There was, however, nothing funny about the Kickapoo who were a very serious and traditional native people. Until 1819, they lived in Illinois and Wisconsin and played an important role in the history of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley, but during the 1870s, they were suddenly in northern Mexico and fighting American cavalry in Texas. Other groups were scattered across the Great Plains from Kansas to the foot of the Rocky Mountains. This is not surprising to those familiar with them. The most distinctive characteristic of the Kickapoo was their stubborn resistance to acculturization, and it is difficult to think of any other tribe which has gone to such lengths to avoid this. Years after the eastern tribes with famous names had given up the fight, the Kickapoo were still in the midst of the struggle to preserve Native America. From the beginning, the Kickapoo distrusted Europeans. French traders rarely were allowed to visit their villages, and the Kickapoo refused to even listen to the Jesuits. In later years, British and Americans fared no better. Following the American conquest of the Ohio Valley, the tribal authority of the Kickapoo disintegrated.

Relocated first to Missouri and then Kansas, small bands of Kickapoo scattered across the plains warning other tribes that the white man was coming. In Kansas, white settlement closed in on them once again during the 1850s, and rather than surrender or adapt, most chose to escape by moving to northern Mexico. Although many of the Mexican Kickapoo returned to the United States during the 1870s, relatively few have converted to Christianity. The traditional Drum (or Dream) religion has the most adherents, followed by Kanakuk and the Native American Church. Of all the Kickapoo, the Mexican branch has remained the most traditional and generally has been reluctant to allow visits by outsiders. The American Kickapoo are similar in this regard. Most still speak the Kickapoo language, and they have one of the highest percentages of full-bloods of any tribe in the United States. http://www.tolatsga.org/kick.html

Excerpt from History Channels summary of Pontiacs Rebellion:

Pontiac's Rebellion begins when a confederacy of Native American warriors under Ottawa chief Pontiac attacks the British force at Detroit. After failing to take the fort in their initial assault, Pontiac's forces, made up of Ottawas and reinforced by Wyandots, Ojibwas, and Potawatamis, initiated a siege that would stretch into months. As the French and Indian Wars came to an end in the early 1760s, Native Americansliving in former French territory found the new British authorities to be far less conciliatory than their predecessors. In 1762, Pontiac enlisted support from practically every Indian tribe from Lake Superior to the lower Mississippi for a joint campaign to expel the British from the formerly French lands. According to Pontiac's plan, each tribe would seize the nearest fort and then join forces to wipe out the undefended settlements. In April, Pontiac convened a war council on the banks of the Ecorse River near Detroit. It was decided that Pontiac and his warriors would gain access to the British fort at Detroit under the pretense of negotiating a peace treaty, giving them an opportunity to seize forcibly the arsenal there. However, British Major Henry Gladwin learned of the plot, and the British were ready when Pontiac arrived in early May, and Pontiac was forced to begin a siege. At the same time, his allies in Pennsylvania began a siege of Fort Pitt, while other sympathetic tribes, such as the Delaware, the Shawnees, and the Seneca, prepared to move against various British forts and outposts in Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. On July 31, a British relief expedition attacked Pontiac's camp but suffered heavy losses and were repelled in the Battle of Bloody Run. Nevertheless, they had succeeded in providing the fort at Detroit with reinforcements and supplies, which allowed it to hold out against the Indians into the fall. The major forts at Pitt and Niagara likewise held on, but the united tribes captured eight other fortified posts. At these forts, the garrisons were wiped out, relief expeditions were repulsed, and nearby frontier settlements were destroyed. In the spring of 1764, two British armies were sent out, one into Pennsylvania and Ohiounder Colonel Bouquet, and the other to the Great Lakes under Colonel John Bradstreet. Bouquet's campaign met with success, and the Delawares and the Shawnees were forced to sue for peace, breaking Pontiac's alliance. Failing to persuade tribes in the West to join his rebellion, and lacking the hoped-for support from the French, Pontiac finally signed a treaty with the British in 1766. In 1769, he was murdered by a Peoria Indian while visiting Illinois. His death led to bitter warfare among the tribes, and the Peorias were nearly wiped out.

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pontiacs-rebellion-begins Images of the Courier Du Bois used:

Arrival at an Indian Camp

Navigation of the traders (traveling in groups)

Map of territory covered by the French fur traders

Courier Du Bois Image

Man carrying packs.