9

08824377

1761

mm<

^resentch to

of

tl]e

Professor W.S. Milner

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in

2011 with funding from

University of Toronto

http://www.archive.org/details/latinphrasebooktOOmeis

>

LATIN PHRASE-BOOK

Il'^in

phrase-book
BY

rMEi SSNER
TRANSLATED FROM THE SIXTH GERMAN EDITION
WITH THE ADDITION OF SUPPLEMENTARY PHRASES AND REFERENCES
BY

H. W.

AUDEN,

M.A.
;

ASSISTANT MASTER AT FETTES COLLEGE, EDINBURGH LATE SCHOLAR OF Christ's college, Cambridge, and bell UNIVERSITY SCHOLAR

^ ^-^ dr
iLontron

^ \

MACMILLAN AND
AND NEW YORK

CO.

1894

All rights reserved

'i

PREFACE
Although,
ideally speaking, a phrase-book should always

be compiled by the pupil himself from his own individual

observation, yet in these days,

when an extended
amount

curri-

culum tends
read,
to
it

to curtail considerably the

to

of Latin

seems

me

that anything which

may

help boys
is

some knowledge

of Latinity in a short time

this

not
of

wholly useless.

Hence

translation.

The

use

such books as Meissner's Phraseologie involves no new

and untried

principles,

witness

the

excellent

results

obtained in Germany, where the book has passed through

six

editions.

It
is

has also been translated into French

(the translation

now

in its third edition)

and

Italian.

My

best thanks are due to Professor Meissner for his

courtesy in allowing
to Professor Pascal of
lation I

me

to

make

this

translation, also

Reims, to whose admirable trans-

am much

indebted.

H. W. AUDEN.
Fettes College, Edinburgh,
1894.

/i>

CONTENTS
I.

The World and Nature 1. The World Creation 2. The Earth and its Surface Rivers Sea 3. Water
4.
5.

I
.

2
3
5

Fire

Air

Sky Climate Heavenly

Bodies

6
7

6.

Natural Phenomena

II.

Space and Time

1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

Situation Boundary Territory Distance Road Travel Coming Going

Points of the Compass

9
10
II

Riding

Driving

.... ....

13

14
15

6.
7. 8.

9.

10.

Walking Footsteps Direction Movement in General Time in General Year Seasons Day Divisions of the Day

16

....

18 21

22

III.

Parts of the

Human Body

24

IV.

Properties 'Of the

1.

Human Body
29 30
32

Feelings.

2.
3.

Birth

Sensations Powers Life

Time of Life

.... ....

Vlll

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

4.
5.

Hunger Thirst
Laughter Tears Health Sickness Sleep Dreams Death
.
.

6.
7. 8.

9.

Burial
Life
;

V.

Human
1.

its

various Relations and Con

DITIONS

Circumstance
Cause

2.

Situation Difficulty Commencement End Result

Inclination

3.

4.

Motive Origin Regard Importance Influence Power Possibility Occasion Chanc

Success

....

5.

Opportunity

Good Fortune Misfortune Fate Ruin Danger Risk Safety Assistance Deliverance Consolation Riches Want Poverty Utility Advantage Harm Disadvantage Goodwill Kindness Inclination Favour Benefit Gratitude Recompense Merit Value Reward Requests Wishes Commissions Orders Friendship Enmity Reconciliation Authority Dignity Praise Approval Blame Reproach Rumour Gossip News Mention 20. Fame Reputation 21. Honour Disgrace^Ignominy 22. Effort Industry Labour Exertion 23. Business Leisure Inactivity Idleness 24. Pleasure Recreation its Functions VI. The Mind Genius Talent Intelligence
6.
7.
^

8,

9.

10.
1 1

....
.

'

12.

13.
14.

....
.

1 5.

16,

17.

18. 19.

"

....

I.

75

CONTENTS

IX

9-

lO.
II.

12.

Thought Conceptions Ideals Perfection Opinion Prejudice Conjecture Truth Error Choice Doubt Scruple Knowledge Certainty Persuasion Plan Advice Deliberation Resolve Design Intention Object Aim Hesitation Delay Remembrance Forgetfulness Theory Practice Experience
Imagination
.
. .

76 77

78

80 82
83

84
85

86
87

90

VII.

The Arts and Sciences Scientific Knowledge in General Litera

TURE Learning Erudition Culture Civilisation Education Instruction School Profes
SION

.... ....

91

93 95
96-

Example Pattern Precedent

Philosophy

99
lOI

The Parts of Philosophy System Method Principles

Species

102
.

103

Definition Classification Con

104 106
106
107

nection
10. 11. 12.
13.

14.

Proof Refutation Conclusion Hypothesis Inference Debate Controversy Agreement Contradiction Mythology Particular Sciences (History

....
.

109

no
114
115
117

Chronology

Geography Mathematics Natural

Science-^Astronomy)
15.

......
.

Art

in

General

16.

Poetry

Music Painting Sculpture

17.

The Drama

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

VIII.

Speech and Writing 1. Speech in Generai 2. Style Expression

PACE
120
123 129
.
.
.

3.

4.
5.

Delivery Voice Subject-Matter Argument Question Answer

.130
131

6.
7.

Humour Earnest Language Use of Language Translation Grammar

Sentence Period Words Proverbs Syllables

132

133

8.

9.

WritingWriters
Letters

........
Books
. .

13c

.140
144

10.

IX.

The Emotions
1.

Disposition

Emotion

in

2.
3.

Joy Pain

General.

145

Vexation

Care Equanimity Content

146

4.
5.

6.
7.

8.
'

9.

10.

11.
*

12.
13.

X.

1.

2.

3.

Confidence Loyalty Protection Promise Veracity 158 Suspicion Presentiment 160 Hatred ^Jealousy Envy 161 Discontent Anger Revenge Fury 162 Virtues and Vices Virtue Morality 164 Vice Crime 165 Desire Passion Self-Control .166
Belief
[fides, fidiicia)
. .

MENT Affliction Fear Terror Anxiety Courage Discouragement Pusillanimity Pride Arrogance Insolence Presence of Mind Composure Despair Hope Expectation Pity Pardon Want of Feeling Cruelty Love Longing Admiration Enthusiasm

....
.

148

149

150
152 153
155

156

CONTENTS
4.
5.

XI

Wrong Insult Outrage Offence

Violence Ambuscade Threats Appearance Deceit Falsehood

PAGE

i68 169

6.
7.

Derision

170
171

Duty Inclination
Reason Conscience Remorse Measure Standard Limit Moderation Morals Immorality Principles Character

8. 9. ID.

XI.

1.

Religion God Worship

173

174
175

2.
3.

4.
5.

6.

Religion Religious Scruple Oath Belief Unbelief Superstition Prayers Wishes Vows Sacrifice Festival Oracle Prodigies Auspices Presage
.

177

178 180
181

....
.

182
183

XII. Domestic
1.

Life
its

The House and

different Parts

185 187

2.
3.

4.
5.

Domestic Matters Property Habitation Clothing Food Drink

Subsistence in General
.

188 189

6.
7.

Expenditure Luxury Prodigality

Hospitality

190
191

192 193
195

8. 9.

ID. 11.

12.

13.

XIII.

1.

2. 3. 4.
5.

Sociability Intercourse Isolation Conversation Audience Conference Greeting Farewell Betrothal Marriage Divorce Will Inheritance Custom Usage Commerce and Agriculture Commerce in General Purchase Price Money Interest Loans Money-Matters Accounts Audit

197

....

158

199

200

201

202
204 205

Rate of Interest Profit Credit Debt

....

206

xu

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

PAGE
6.
7.

Building

208
208

Agriculture- -Management of Stock

XIV. The State

1.

Constitution
Civil

Administration Government

210

2. 3.

Rights Rank

Dignity
Public

4.
5.

Position Honours Pre-eminence Meetings Suffrage

6.
7.

8.

Influence Unpopularity Party-Spirit Neutrality Politics Aristocracy Democracy Demagogy Revolution Rebellion An

Laws Bills Popular Favour

....

216
217

219

....
.

220

ARCHY
9.

Proscription

Confiscation Banishment
.

223

10.
11. 12. 13.

Amnesty Power Monarchy Royalty Slavery^Freedom Revenue Colonies Provinces

224
226
227

228

Magistracies
(a)
{b)

Election
.

Candidature

230
233
235

Particular Magistracies

14.

The Senate

....
.

XV.

Law and Justice 1. Law in General

2.

3.

4.
5.

Testimony Torture Process Defence Accusation Verdict Decision

Inquiry

237

239

240
241

6.

Guilt Punishment

Acquittal

243
.

244

XVI.

War
1.

2.
3.

Military Oath Armies in General Pay Service Commissariat Command Discipline

Levies
.

246
248 249

4.

Weapons

250

CONTENTS
5.

xiii

PAGE

War
The Army on the March The Camp

251

6.
7.

253
^^^ 257

8.

Siege

'

9.

10.

Before the FfGht The Fight {a) The Fight in General ...<* (^) The Attack

260

....
. .

261

262

{c)

Close Quarters

264 264
265
i

[d) Tactics
{e)

Reinforcements

Successful Attack

.....
. .
.

(/) Retreat Flight Pursuit

266
267

II, 12. 13.

XVII.

Victory Triumph Truce Peace Treaties Alliance Conquest Submission Shipping

{g) Defeat

Massacre Wounds Losses

269 270
271

....

I.

2.
3.

Naval Affairs in General Voyage Shipwreck Landing A Naval Battle

272 273
275

Appendix
Latin Index

277

283

I.

THE WORLD AND NATURE

I.

THE WORLD CREATION

universitas

the universe. rerum natura or simply natura creation nature. haec omnia^ quae videmus the world. mundi convenientia consensus the perfect
reru7n or

mundi

visible

totius

et

harmony of the
deus

universe.

mundum
creavit)
^

aedificavit^

fabricatus

est^

^ff^cit

(not

God made the world.

(not
creator)^
is

deus

est

mundi procreator
rerum

aedificator,

fabricator^ opifex

God
rerum

the Creator of the

world.

elementa

initia ox principia

elemenia et taf?iquam se7?iina

first

the elements. rerum the elements

{poTrrj)

and

beginnings.

nutus

et pondus or

simply nutus

gravity.

Creare

is

usvially

employed

in the sense of producing, originating,

;

causing, e.g. slmilitudo creat errorein

has,

pericuhim alicui
e.g.

creare.

It

however, occasionally the meaning to create,

De

Fin.

rerum

quas creat natura,

iE

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

2.

THE EARTH AND

^

ITS
;

SURFACE

orbis terrae, terraruin

{terra) continens (B. G.

terra (regto)
terior.

the earth the globe. the continent. mediterranea an inland region;

5. 8.

2)

the

in-

interior

Asia

sinus m'bis (Sail.

in

ipsam

or

the interior of Asia. Cat. 52. 35) the heart of the intimain Graeciam penetrare to peneinteriora Asiae
city.

trate into the heart of Greece.

terra effert (more rarely y^r/,^ but not profert) fruges

the earth brings forth

terra fundit fruges
antly.

fruit,

crops.

the

earth brings forth fruit abund-

ani7nata

{anijnalia)

inaniniaque

(not

inani?nata)

animate and inanimate nature.

ea,
ea^ ea^

quae terra gignit quae

e terra

gignuntur
the vegetable king-

quae a terra stirpibus continentur

ea quorui7i stirpes terra continentur

(N. D.

dom.

2.

10.

26)

arbores stirpesque^ herbae stirpesque

(DeFin.
radices agere

5.

11. -^i)

(De

genimas agere

Off. 2. 12. 73)

to take root.

to bud, blossom.

gemmae proveniunt
arbores frondescunt

the the

trees are budding.

trees are

coming
are

into leaf.

rami

late

diffunduntur

the

twigs

shooting

out,

spreading.
^

To

the

Romans
also

orbis terraruin

all

those countries which

^ fei're is

made up

the

(more rarely orbis terrae) meant Roman Empire.

used metaphorically, to produce, e.g. haec aetas

perfectiun oratorem tulit (Brut. 12. 45).

EARTH AND
monies
vestiti si/vis

ITS

SURFACE
hills.

WATER

SU77WIUS moiis

cubnina
S2il)

A/pmm

the summits of the Alps.

the top of a mountain.
i7i

wooded

7'adidbus montis^

i7ifi77io

77i07tfe,

sub

77i07ite

at the

foot of the mountain.

siiperare Alpes^ Fyre7iaeu77i^ Apen7ii7iu77i
^

(both always in

the sing.)

to cross the Alps, Pyrenees,

Apennines.
all

altissi77iis 77i07itibus

U7idique C07tfi7teri

to

be shut in on

sides

by very high mountains.

prospectus est ad aliquid

one has a view over

.

one

is

able to see as far as

collis
leTiiter

ab

infi77io

acclivis

(opp.

leTiiter

su77i77to

loca tTtculta loca deserta

a gentle ad on the edge of the high ground. aspera montuosa 22) rough ground. or simply country saxa praerupta steep uncultivated (opp. pleasant
declivis)

ascent.

extre77iu77i tu77iulu77i

hill.

loca edita, superiora loca

et

heights,

(Plane.

9.

and

hilly

loca plaTia

plaTta

level

plains.

rocks.

districts.

frequentid)

deserts.

loca a77ioe7ta^ a77ioenitas locoruTti

districts

charm-

ing surroundings.

3.

WATER RIVERS SEA

water.
to

suf7i77ia

aqua

ex aqua exstare

aqua

est u77ibilico telzus

aqua pectus aequat^

the chest.
^

the surface of the stand out of the the water reaches superat the water up
water.
is
i.
i.

to the waist.
to, is

above,

^\xi

Pyrenaei monies, saltusocoxx (B. G.

B. C.

i.

37,

i).

4
{se)

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ex aqua emergere
^

to

come

to the surface.

aquam ex flumine
river.

derivare

to

to

draw

off

water from a

aquam

ducere

per hortum

bring

a stream of water

through the garden.

aquae ductus
(plur.

aquarum

ductus)

conduit

an

aqueduct.
agros irrigare

to irrigate fields.

aqua

viva, profluens (opp. stagnuvi)

iugis,

aqua

perennis

a perpetual
3.

running
11)

water.

spring.
5.

frigidd, calidd /avari (P\in. Ep.

to take a cold,

warm, bath.
aquae,

aquarum

inops

ill-watered.

fluctuare ox fluctuari
fluctibus iactari
fluctibus

driven by the waves.

in

the Jlumen imbribus auctum a

flu77ien

tossed hither and thither by the waves. (undis) obrui^ submergi to be engulfed. gurgltibus hauriri to be drowned the eddies.
citatum fertur
river

flows

with

rapid

current.

river swollen river

is

by the
over

rain.
its

flmnen super ripas effimditur\ the

flumen extra ripas
diffluit

banks,

/lumen agros inundat^

flumen vado transire

^

the wade
to

is

in flood.

river floods the fields.

across, to ford a river.

Also used metaphorically,

e.g. {se) emej-gere

ex malis (Nep. Att.

servitutis

II.

i)to recover from misfortune.

^

So emergere e fluctibus
drawing
to

(Harusp. Resp. 23. 48).

aqicae duetto

the

action, process of

off the

water;

canalis = \hQ. water-pipe, channel, conduit.

^

ears in debt

So metaphorically, aere alieno obriitum esse, nomen alicuius obruere perpetua

;

be over head and

oblivione, to

drown

a person's
^

name

in oblivion.
is

Inundation = ^/z/z/z'^, not inundatio which

post-classical.

SEA
flumine secundo

FIRE
;

with the stream downstream. flumine adverso against the stream upstream. ex Alpibus the Rhine Rheniis ox the Alps. aestuum ebb and flow the (N. D. 132) the alternation of ex coming the G. rursus when the begins go down.
;

oritur

profliiit

rises in

accessus et recessus

(of tide).

decessus aestus

ebb.

aestiis 7naritimi 77iutuo accedenfes et recedefites

2.

53.

tides.

aestus

alto se mcitat
??iinuente

ifi.

3.

12)

tide

is

in.

aestu

tide

to

7fiare

ventorum vi agitatur
sea.

et

turbatur

there

is

a storm at

mare mediufn or internum

the Mediterranean
FIRE
make
to take

Sea.

4.

ig?tem facere, accendere

to light,

fire.

ignem ignem

tectis inferre,

subicere

to set fire to houses.

concipere,

comprehendere

fire.

ignem excitare (pro Mur. 25. 51)

fire.

to

make

up,

stir

up a

ignem a/ere

to

keep up a

fire.

accendere, incendere aedificia

inflammare urbem
fla7nmis cornpi

to set buildings

on

fire.

to set fire to a city.

to be devoured by the flames.

fire,

incendio flagrare, or simply conflagrare, ardere (Li v. 30. 7)

to

be on

in flames.

incendio deleri,

absumi

to be burned to ashes.
(B. G. 5.
i).

igni cremari, necari

^

to perish in the flames.

Similarly

The Romans called it mare nostrum

3. 7),

mare
(Att.

Oceanus (B. G.
8.

the Atlantic

mare superum, the Adriatic

8.
3.
5).

16.

i)

7?ia)'e

infenun, the Etruscan Sea (Att.

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

igfiem concla7nare

to raise

an alarm of
5.

fire.

ventus

ignem distuUt (B. G.

the conflagration.

43)

the

wind spread

5.

AIRSKY CLIMATE HEAVENLY BODIES

terrae

a'er

circumiectus

or

circ2i7nfusus
a'er

Vthe atmosphere.

qui
,

est terrae proxijuiis

^

susplcere
^
,

(in)

caelum
attollere

oculos

tollere,

ad\
J

to raise the eyes to to look

heaven

caelum
sub divo

up

to the sky.

in the

open
2.

air.

orbis finiens (Div.

44. 92)

the horizon.
grave,
gravitas)

caelum or natura caeli

caelum salubre,

climate.
caeli (opp.
1

salubritas

healthy climate.
caeli tejuperatio
.

^temperate chmate.
\

,.

aer calore

et

jrigore temperatus

caeli asperitas caeli varietas

caelestia

rough climate. variable climate.

heavenly bodies, (2)
celestial

(i) the

pheno-

mena.
sol oritur, occidit
ortus, occasus soils
sol'^

the sun sunrise

rises, sets.
;

sunset.

{luna)

deficit,

obscuratur

soils defectio

an
is

the sun, moon,

up
to,

is

eclipsed.

eclipse of the sun.

luna
^

crescit ; decrescit, senescit

the moon waxes,

wanes.

suspicere

also used figuratively, to look

esteem, honour,

e.g. viros, honores.

2

Similarly despicere.
eclipse vid. Li v. 44. 37.

For an account of an

NATURAL PHENOMENA
inotus stellarum co?islantes et rati

the
its

regular courses of

the stars.
cursiwi
co7ificere

in caelo

to run

course in the sky.

star-lit

caelum astris distinctu7n

et

ornatimi

the

sky

the

firmament.

nox

sideribiis illustris

stellae errajites^

a vagae the
(N. D.

star-light night.

planets.

stellae ifierratites

2.'j

21. 54)

Vthe fixed stars.

sidera certis locis infixa

orbis lacteus

orbis signifer

the milky way. the

zodiac.

vertex
orbis
^

caeli,

axis

caeli,

cardo caeli

pars {terrae\
medius

cinguliis

orbis

the temperate zone.

6.

a zone.

the pole.

NATURAL PHENOMENA
simply imago
^

vocis imago, or

saxa voci

ventus remittit

ventus cadit, cessat

an echo. respondent or resonant the rocks (opp. the wind the wind down,
increbrescit)

re-echo.
is falling.

dies

ceases.

ventis secundis, adversis uti

to

have favourable, contrary,

winds.
ventus se vertit in Africuni

the

wind

is

turning to the

south-west.
tempestas cooritur

a storm

is rising.

imber tenet (JAy. 23. 44. 6)

imbres repente
effusi^riH

the

rain continues.

sudden shower.

tempestatem idoneam, bona?n nancisci

to

meet with good

weather.
^

Also metaphorically,
3. 3),

e.g. gloria viriiiti resoftai taviqiiani itnago

(Tusc.

glory

is

as

it

were the echo of

virtue.

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

calor se frangit (opp. increscit)

sol ardet, urit

ardore soils torrerl

tanta vis

the sun burns, scorches. be dried up by the sun's ut the frigoris

to
insecuta
.
.

the heat

is

abating.

heat.
in

est^

frost

set

so

severely that

frlgore {gelu) rigere, torpere frigore confici

to

be

numb

with cold.

to freeze to death.

aestus et frigoris patlente7n esse

to

be able

to bear heat

and
tempestas
1

cold.

6)

cum magno fragore (caeli) tonltrlbusque (Li v. i. a storm accompanied by heavy claps of

thunder.

caelum tonitru contremit

thunder.

the heavens are

flashes.

shaken by the

fulmina

^ 7?tica?tt

the lightning

fulmen locum
where.
fulfnine tann.

tetigit

the
.

lightning

has

struck

some-

ici ^

.Vto

be struck by lightnmg.
lightning.

,,,.,.

de caelo langi, percuhx

fulmine

ictus

struck by

eruptiones igniu7?t Aetnaeoru77i

an eruption

of Etna.

Vesuvius
is

evo77iit

(more strongly

eructai) ig7ies

Vesuvius

discharging flame.

venti ab ortu soils fla7it

the east winds are blowing.

eloquentiae^
15- 34).

Used sometimes figuratively, e.g. ftdmen verborum, fubnina ftdmina fortunae (Tusc. 2. 2^), ftdmina imperii (Balb.

POINTS OF THE COMPASS

SITUATION

II.

SPACE AND TIME

I.

POINTS OF THE COMPASS SITUATION

^

spectare in (vergere ad) oriente??i {solem\ occidentem

{sole7n\

ad meridiem^

in septentriones

to

lie

to

the east,

west, south, north.

spectare inter occasutn so/is et septentriones

to

be situate

to the north-west.

Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars

occidentem vergit
est

quae,

ad

orientein,

eastern, western Germany.

septe7itrionibus collis

hill lies to

the north.

situs loci

natura

loci

the situation of a place. the natural position of a place.

3.

opportunitas loci (B. G.

14)

the advantageous

situation

of a place.

opportuno loco situ7n or positum esse

situated.

to

be favourably

urds situ

ad aspectum praeclara
7?iari

est

the

city is very beauti-

fully situated.

oppidu?n

adidcet

villa tangit via7n

oppidu77i colli i77ipositu77i est

the country-house stands near the road. the town stands on

the town a
lies at

the town

lies

near the sea.

rising

ground.
oppidu77i 7nonti subiectu7}i est

the foot of

a mountain.

promunturiu7n

i7i

77iare

procurrit

promontory

juts out

into the sea.

^

" The east " and " the west

Latin.

^''

= orieiiiis,
i.e.

occidentis {soils) terrae,

partes, regiones, gentes.

not used in good

The adjectives The north,

orientalis, occidentalis are

northern countries,
;

is

represented by terrae septentrionibtis sttbiectae

australis.

the south

by

terra

lo

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

mare
exciirrit^ procui'rit

paeiiinsula in

peninsula pro-

jects into the sea.

promiinturium superare
urbs in
sijiu sita est

to double a cape.
city
is

the

situate

on a bay.

2.

BOUNDARYTERRITORY DISTANCE
be
contiguous,

ta?igere, attingere terrani\ to

adjacent

finiti77iiim

esse terrae

to a country.

continentem esse terrae or

to

cum

terra
;

(Fam.
to

15.

2.

2)

have the same boundaries

be coterminous.
note)

Gallia

Rhodano

continetur {vid.

p.

46,

Gaul
is

is

bounded by the Rhine. Rhodamis Sequdnos ab Helvetiis

frontier

dividit

the Rhine

the

between the Helvetii and the Sequani.

J

fines (imperii) propagare

extendere,

{longius) proferre

to

enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom.

(ex) finibus excedere
in Sequanis in

to evacuate territory.

in the country of the Sequani.

Sequanos

proficisci

to

invade the territory of the

Sequani.
porrigi

ad

septentriones

haec gens pertinet usque

race extends as far as

in
latitudine77i,

in

the the Rhine. longitudinem patere

ad Rhenum
vid. p.

to stretch northwards.
territory of this

to

extend

in

breadth, in length.
late patere"^ (also

metaphorically

138)

to

have a

wide extent.
^ ^

vicinuni

esse, to

be neighbouring
its

used of houses, gardens,

;

etc.

patere denotes extension in

widest sense

pertinere, extension

from one point to another,

e.g. ars et late patet et

ad

yniiltos

pertinet
(B.

(De Or.
I.

I.

55.

235)

ex

eo oppido

pars ad Helvetios pertinet

G.

6.

3).

DISTANCE
imperium
orbis

ROAD TRA VEL the terrarum

termt?iis

definitur

empire

reaches to the ends of the world.

longe^

procul abesse ab urbe

to

be
to

far

from town.
far

prope {propius, proxime) abesse

paribus intervallis distare

be not

away.

to

be equidistant.
is

tanhmdem
intervallo

viae est

the road

the

same

length.

lofigo spatio, intervallo interiecto

at a great distance.
disiunciiiin
esse

locoruvi

et te7iiporum

to

be

separated by an immense interval of space and time.

a
e
7iiille

passibus

longinqiw

loca lo7tgin(]ua
ulti??iae terrae

from a

a mile away.
distance.

distant places.
\
\

the most distant

world's end.
nations.

countries,

the

extreuiae terrae partes

longinquae nationes

distant

3.

ROAD TRAVEL
saxd)

viafii sternere {silice^

to

pave a road.

substruere

viam glarea
street,

a a made a well-trodden, much-frequented way. viam make a viam open a ferro viamfacere {per cut one's way
via strata
^

(Liv. 41. 27)

to

make a gravel

path.

road.

via trita

7?iunire'^

to

road.

patefacere, aperire

to

route.

confertos hostes)

to

(through the enemies' ranks).

viam
.

i7itercludere\
J

.
:

Vto obstruct a road

used figuratively,
10. 33),

to close a route.

iter obstruere
^

tritiis

is

also
i.

e.g.

pj'overbmm

{sermone)
tritiini

tritum (De Off.

{Acad.
^
I.

vocabtilum latino sermone non

7. 27).

Cf.

in

metaphorical sense, viam

ad honores

aliciii

miinire

(Mur.

10. 23).

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

viafert^ diicit aliquo

in

a road leads somewhere.

on a journey.
metaphorically)

viam

se

dare

yto set out viae se committere\

viam

tngredi, inire (also

to enter

upon

a route
recta (via)

to take a road.

straight on.

de via declifzare, deflectere (also metaphorically)

to turn

aside from the right

{de via) decedere alicui

Appia via proficisci

erranti
his way.

to

way to deviate. make way for any one. set out by the Appian road.
;

viam monstrare

to direct a person

who

has lost

errores Ulixis

the wanderings of Ulysses. viam persequi metaphorically) continue

(also
to

one's

journey, pursue one's course.

longam viam
fessus de via

Hercules

in trivio^ in bivio, in compiiis

accomplish a long journey. weary with way-worn. Hercules the

conficere

to

travelling

at

cross-roads,
iter facere

between virtue and

vice.

(i) to take a journey, (2) to

make, lay down

a road (rare).

una

iter facere

to travel together.

iter ingredi (pedibus, equo^ terra)

to begin a journey (on

foot,

on horseback, by

land).
.

iter aliquo diri^ere. intendere\

yto journey towards a place.

tendere aliquo
J

longum
ex

itineris

spatium emetiri

to

finish

a very long

journey.
itinere redire'^

to return

from a journey.
;

vid.

reverti

on this subject De Off. i. 32. 118 Fam. 5. 12, 3. means properly to turn back and retrace one's steps,

after

giving up one's intention of remaining longer in a place, or continu-

ROA
in itinere
^

TRA VEL
;

iter terrestre^ pedestre

on a journey

by the way. by land, on

foot.

travel

itinera
iter

diurna nocturnaque

travelling

day and

night.

unius diei or simply diei

iter impeditiwi

an impassable

a day's journey.
road.

disiunctissimas ultimas terras peragrare (not permigrare)

to travel

through the most remote countries.

peregrinatio
peregrinari^

peregre proficisci

aliqiieni proficiscente??i

a foreign journey. peregre be go abroad. prosequi

esse

to

travelling abroad.

to

to

accompany any one

off.

when

starting

to see a person

aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi

88, note)

{vid.

p.

rus excurrere

to wish

any one a prosperous journey.

to

make

a pleasure-trip into the country.

ruri vivere, rusticari

vita rustica

country
4.

to live in the country.

life

(the

life

of resident farmers, etc.)

life

rusticatio, vita rusticana

country

(of casual,

temporary

visitors).

COMING GOING
foot.

pedibus

ire

; ^

to

go on

discedere a, de,

ex

loco aliquo

to leave a place.

egredi loco

excedere ex loco
cf.

ing one's journey,

Div.

i,

15, 27,

itaque revertit ex itinere,

cum

iam progressus
in conjunction
^

esset niultoruDi

diertim viam.

Similarly rediiiis =

return, reversio generally

= turning

back.

Cicero only uses revenire

with domum.
is

ex itinere implies that the march was interrupted, thus there

a difference between in itinere aliquem aggredi

and ex

itinere, etc.

In the same
evadere, ex
'^

way

distinguish in

fuga and ex fuga,

e.g.

ex fuga

fuga

dissipati.

relinqtcere, e.g.

domtwi, properly means to give up, renounce

the possession or enjoyment of a place.

14

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

^

decedere loco, de, ex loco

ingredi,

to quit a place for ever.

intrare

urbem,

introire

in

urbem

to

enter

city.

porta ingredi, exire

to

go

in at,

go out of a gate.
gate.

extra portam egredi

to go outside the

commeare ad aliquem

to

go

in

and out of any one's

to

house
adventus

to visit frequently.

Ro77iam venh'e, pervenire

to

come
arrival

Romam,
spot.

in

urbem

Rome. in Rome,

in town.

in ununi locum co?tvenire, confluere

to collect together at

one

Romam concurrere {Mil.

obviafn ire alicui
alicui

15.

39)

to meet any one. obviam venire to go to meet some one. obvium or obvia7n obviam to meet some one by
esse,

to stream towards

Rome.

fieri

chance.
incidere in

aliquem

1
\

to

meet,

come
meet

across a percasually.

offendere, nancisci

aliquem

son

to

obviam alicui aliquem mittere

to

send to meet a person.

5.

RIDING DRIVING

curru vehi, in rheda (Mil. 21. 55)

equo vehi
sternere

to drive.

to ride.

equum

to saddle a horse.
\

conscendere

equum equum

-to

mount.

ascendere in

^ Cf. especially decedere {ex, de) proviiicia, used regularly of a magistrate leaving his province on expiry of his term of office.

Similarly,

where

life

is

compared

to a province, decedere {de) vita,

or merely decedere

\.q

quit this

life,

die

(cf.

De

Sen. 20. Ii).

RIDING
descendere ex equo

DRIVING WALKING
to

15

to dismount.

in eqiw sedere ; equo insidere

{ifi)

be on horseback.
;

equo haerere
seat.

to

sit

a horse well

to

have a good

calcaria subdere equo

.

calcarwus equum

Vto put spurs to a horse.

j

co7icitare

equo

citato

or ad7?iisso

at full gallop.

freno remisso

; effusis

habenis

equu7n in alique7n concitare

with loose

reins.

ride against

any one

at full

speed

charge a person.

habe7tas addiccere

habenas permittere
^ jrenos
1 -

to tighten the reins.

to slacken the reins.
.

admittere. per??iiftere equuniX

yto give a horse the reins.

I

dare equo

agitare

equum 7noderari equum

away.

to

make a horse prance. to manage a horse.

equi consternantur

the

horses

are

panic-stricken,

run

equos incitatos sustinere

at full gallop.

to bring horses to the halt

when

6.

WALKING FOOTSTEPS DIRECTION

gradumfacere

to take a step.

gradum addere
pace.
suspenso gradu

(sc.

gradui) (Liv. 26. 9)

to increase one's

on

tiptoe.

gradu77i sensi77i referre

to retreat step

by

step.

CLfrenos, calcaria alicui adhibere, used metaphorically.

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

sequi, per-

vestigia alicuiiis

sequi, or vestigiis aliquejti sequi,

vestigiis

persequi
alicuius
insistere,

to follow in

any one's

steps.

ingredi (also metaph.)

loco

or vestigia se non movere

recta (regione^ via) ; in

in obliquimi

not directum

to stir from one's place.

in a straight line.
;

in

an oblique direction

sideways.

obliquo monte decurrere

in

to run obliquely

down
in

the

hill.

contrarium

in

contrarias partes

an

opposite

direction.
in transversum^ e transversa

quoquo versus; in

across omnes partes

thither.

transversely.

in all directions.

in diversas partes or simply diversi abeunt^ discedunt

they

disperse in different directions.

hue

{et) illuc

ultro citroque

hither and on

this side

longe lateque, passi7?i (e.g.

and on that ; to and far and wide fluere)

fro.
;

on

all

sides; everywhere.

7.

MOVEMENT
aliquem locuni\
J

IN

GENERAL

se conferre in

\\.o

go to a place.
?

petere locum

quo tendis

where are you going

to fly aloft
;

sublimem or
abire

subliine (not in sublime or sublimiter) ferri^

to

be carried into the

sky.

praecipitem ire ; in praeceps deferri

to fall

down headlong.

inprofmtdum
se deicere

deici

de

muro

to fall

down

into the abyss.

to

throw oneself from the ramparts.

deicere

aliquem de saxo Tarpeio

the Tarpeian rock.

to

throw some one down

MOVEMENT TIME
Nilus praecipitat^ ex altissimis

IN GENERAL

17

mo7itibics

the Nile rushes

down from
se proripere

very high mountains.

ex do7iw

huvii procumbere

to rush out of the house.

hwni

prosternere

on the ground. aliquein to throw any one

to fall

to

the

ground.
in terra??i cadere, decidere

in terrain demergi

to fall to the earth.

to sink into the earth.

appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem

city.

propius accedere ad urbein or

to the city.

urbeiii

to

draw near

to a

to

advance nearer

longius progredi, procedere

to

march

further forward.
in

Roniam
ad

versus proficisci

to

advance

the direction of

Rome.

Romam proficiscito
itately.

set out for

Rome.

properaf, maturat proficisci

he

starts in all haste, precip-

consequi, assequi aliquem

to catch

some one
overtake

up.

praecurrere

aliquem

{celeritate)\'io
J

and

pass

post

se relinquere

aliquem

some

one.

multitudo circufjifunditur alicui

a crowd

throngs around

some

one.

per totum corpus diffundi

to spread over the whole body.

8.

TIME IN GENERAL

tempus praeterit, transit tempus habere alicui rei

^

time passes. have time

to

for a thing.

praecipitare

is

also transitive, e.g. praecipitare aliquem^ to hurl

intransitive except in poetry.

a person

down

mere always

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ad aliquid facienduyji

tempiis 7iiihi deest

have no time
one's time

to

do something.

tempus consumere in aliqua re

to pass

in

doing something.
tempus
terere^ conterere

{in) aliqua re

to waste time

on

something.
te??ipus conferre

ad aliquid

tempus tribuere alicui rei

to employ one's time to devote time to anything.

in
.

tempus non

aniittere^

perdere

to lose

no

time.

nullum tempus

intermittere,

quin (also ab opere^ or ad opus)

to devote every spare

moment

to

to

work

without intermission at a thing.

tempus ducere

to

spend time.
i?i

aliquid in aliud

te77ipus^
;

posterum

differre

to put off

till

another time
nihil

to postpone.

mihi

longius est or videtur

till
.
.

quam dum
Inf.)

or quajn ut

cannot wait
tiresome to

nihil mihi longius est

quam
than
.

(c.
. .

nothing
give,

is

more

me

tempus {spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare^

dare,
sibi

suniere

to

require,

take

time

for deliberation.

paucorum dierum spatium ad deliberandum dare

to give

some one a few days

tempori
servire}
cedere

for reflection.

to

accommodate

oneself

to

circumstances.

ex quo tempore or simply ex quo

since

the time that,

since (at the beginning of a sentence).

The verb
anger
;

servire helps to form several phrases, e.g.

;

servire

valeludiiii, to

be a valetudinarian
brevitati,

iracundiae, to be unable to restrain

;

one's

to

be concise
etc.

C077iinuni utilitati,

to be

devoted to the public good,

TIME IN GENERAL
eo

19

ipso

tejnpore,

aim

turn

ipsiim^

cuin

at

the

same

moment

that, precisely

when.
arise for
. .

incidimt tempora^
te7npus {itd)fert tempiis

haec

occasions (not secum) circumstances demand. ut high time that maximum haec me7noria the present tempora,
cum
est,
it is
. . .

nostra

aetas,

day.
his te7nporibus, nostra {hac) aetate, nostra me7noria, his (not
nostris) diebus

in

our time

in

our days.
generation has

nostra aetas

77iidtas victorias

vidit

our

seen

many

victories.

77iemoria patru77t nostroriwi

aetate {te77iporibus) Periclis
antiqiiis
^

libera re
te77ipora
77iedia

the olden old publica the time of the Republic. Caesariana the imperial epoch. quae vocatur the middle
te77iporibus

in

our fathers' time.

time of Pericles.
time.

in the

in

days, in

in

aetas

ages.

Pericles
Pericles,
Pericles,

summus
vir

vir illius aetatis

quo nemo tum fuit clarior Pericles, the greatest

omnium,

qui

tu77i

man man
time.

of his day.

fuerunt, clarissimus
vir ut te77iporibus
illis

doctus

of considerable

learning for those times.

process of primo quoque tempore the opportunity. hoc moment. puncto an

tempore progrediente
in
at
first

te77ipore

at this in

te77iporis

instant.

ant{quitas = \hQ state of affairs in times gone by, not a division

;

of time

?,o

antiqziitatis studia, archaeology

veteres or antiqui poetae,

popiili, the poets,

people of antiquity
is

antiqtta fnomimenia, the rehcs

of antiquity,

antiquitates plur.

used for the institutions, usages of

times gone by.

20
7?iomento
^

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ie77iporis

at the

important moment.

in ipso discri77iine {articulo) te77iporis

just at the critical

moment.
te77iporis

causa

ad te77ipus^ ad exiguu77i
J

adesse

on the spur of the moment. be there a given

to
at
\
. .

time.

te77ipus
.

.^ }-for a short time. orevis or exigui te77iporis\

,

satis lo7igo i7ttervallo

after a fairly long interval.

spatio te77iporis i7iter77iisso

i7i

after

some

time.
;

praeseTitia^

iTt

praeseTts {te77ipus)

at present

for the

moment.
iTt
iTi

posteruTU ; iftfuturu77i
perpetuu77i

for the future.

for ever.
iteru77i

seTTiel

atque atque

iteru77i ;
etia77i

ac saepius ;
;

idefitide77i ;

etia77i

more than once futura providere (not

praevidere)

repeatedly.

to foresee the future.

futura or casus futures

{77iulto a7ite)

prospicere

to foresee

the far distant future.

futura

fion cogitare,

curare

to take

no thought

for the

future.

saeculi^ coTtsuetudo or ratio atque incliTtatio te77iporis

poru77i)

{te77i-

his 77ioribus
^

the according
(i.e.

spirit of

the times, the fashion.

to the present custom, fashion.

is

7no7nentum

moviinentzwi)

proj^erly that
cf.

which
Luc.

sets
iv.

in

motion, which gives a decisive impulse to things,

momentumquefuii viutatus Curio rerum. Li\^ and later ploy the word in the sense of a moment of time. ^ ad tenipiis also means according to the circumstances of the i
( )

819 writers em-

case, e.g.ad lempus cottsilium capere^ (2) for a short time, temporarily.
2

The spirit of a

thing

is

usually rendered by such

words as

nattira,

proprietas, ratio atque voluntas, e.g. the spirit, genius of a language, nattira or proprietas sermonis ; the spirit of the laws, voluntas et

sententia legwn.

VEA K
9.

SEASONS

YEAR SEASONS

praeterito aniio (not praeterlapso)

superiore^ priore

anno

in the past year.

last year.

proximo anno
insequentiie)

(i) last year, (2) next year.

seque?ite)

anno (not

in the following year.

amio^ anno
i?iitio

peracto^ circiunacto^

interiecto,

intermisso

after

year has elapsed.

vertente

the beginning of the extremo anno the end of the year by year day by qiwque every ad annum a year from now.
anni^ ineunte

in the course of the year.

/
year.
/

anno

at

exeunte,

at

year.

singulis annis^ diebus

qiii7ito

day.

a?ino

fifth year.

amplius simf

{qua7?t) viginti

anni or viginti
ago.

afinis

it

is

more than twenty years

viginti

anni

et amplius,

aut phis

abhinc {ante) viginti annos

years ago.

twenty years and more. annis twenty or

viginti his
est,

quinque anni sunt or sextus annus

cum
abest

te

non vidi

have not seen you

absent

for five years.

quinque annos or sextum {jam)

five years.

annum

he has been
from the

anno ab urbe condita quinto

founding of the
city.

in the fifth year

commutationes temporum quadripartitae

of the four seasons.
verno,
aestivo,

the

succession

auctiwinali,

Jiibenw
time.

tempore

in

spring,

summer, autiimn, winter

ineunte, prirno vere
^

at the

beginning of spring.

Unless one
:

is

words

annus, mensis,

emphasised unus is left out with the following dies, hora, and verbuvi.

22

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ver appeiit

spring

is

approaching.
spring.

suavitas verni te77tporis

siimma

aestate,

the charms of hieme the height

in
is

of

summer, depth

of winter.

hiems subest

winter
to

at hand.

hiemem
annus

tolerare

anni descriptio

{inensis,

bear the the of the year the

winter.

division

(into months, etc.)

dies)

intercalaris

intercalary

year

(month, day).
fasti

the calendar
lo.

(list

of fasts

and

festivals).

DAY DIVISIONS OF THE DAY

at

before daybreak. prima daybreak. when was the morning evening drawing when growing dusk
ante liicem
luce luce (luci)

in full daylight.

tibi illuxit^ luxit,

it is

diluxit

it

day.

lucet

daylight.

diluculo

in

twilight.

advesperascit

is

on.

die^ caelo

vesperascente

it is

towards

evening.
7iiultus

dies

or 7mdta

lux

est

the

day

is

already far

advanced.

ad

77iulta77i

noctem

de node, de die
77iulta

de node

while

till

late at night.
it is still

night, day.

late at night.

inte7}ipesta,

concubia nocte

in the

dead of night

at mid-

night.
silentio

nodis

in the silence of the night.

vicissitudi7tes dieruTn

nodiunigue

the

succession of day

and

night.

DA YDIVISIONS OF THE DA Y
nodes diesque^ nodes
et dies^ et dies et nodes^ dies

23

nodesque^

diem nodemque

night and day.

tempus matutlnum^ 7neridianu7n^ vespertimwi, nodurnum^

morning, noon, evening, night. tempora the morning hours. from day day.
77iatutitia

in dies (^si?tgulos) in

to

diem vivere

to

Hve from day to day.

alternis diebus

every other day.

quattuor dies continui

unus

et alter dies
alter^

one or two
13. 14)

four successive days.

days.

dies tmus^

plures ifitenesserant

one,

two, several

days had passed, intervened.

diem proferre (Att.
bidiio serius
^

hord dtius

two days an hour too soon.

late.

to adjourn, delay.

postridie qui fuit dies

(Att. 4.
I.

Non.

Sept.

{Nonariwi

Septenibriu7ii)

5)

on

the day after, which was Sep-

tember Non.

5th.

hodie qui est dies

Sept.

Non.

Sept. ; eras

qui dies futurus

est

to-day

the

5th of September;

to-

morrow September the

morrow.
diem
dicere colloquio

5th.

dies kesterjtus, hodiernus, crastinus

yesterday, to-day, to-

ad diem

constitutain

dieiii videre,

ciwi

appoint a date an the appointed see the day when

to
for
at

interview.

time.

to live to
will

dies doIore77i 77iitigabit

quota hora est ?

tertia

hora

est

ad
^

hora77i composita77i

what time hour = 9 the the time agreed

is it ?
it is'

time
at

assuage his

grief.

third

a.m.)

on.
late for," "later

Used

absolutely

"too

late "

= J^^r^ ;

if

"too

than," always serius {quam).

24

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

III.

PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY

in every limb.
(e.g. veritati,

omnibus artubus contremtscereto tremble

aures daudere, patefacere
turn a deaf ear

assentatoribus)lo
. .
.

open one's ears to aures praebere alicuiXo listen to a person. aures alicuius obtundere or simply obtundere {aliguem)io din a thing into a person's ears.
to, to

in

aurem

alicui dicere

{insusurrare) aliquidX.Q

whisper

something

in a person's ear.

ad aures
to

alicuius (not alicui) pervenire, accidere

to

come

some one's

ears.

aures erigere

to prick

up one's

ears.

oratio in aures influit~h\^

words find an easy hearing,

are listened to with pleasure.

aures elegantes,
tised ear.

teretes, tritae

(De

Or.

9.

27) a
I

fine,

prac-

neque auribus neque oculis satis consto

eyesight

am

losing

my

and getting

deaf.

caput aperire (opp. operire)--to uncover one's head. capite aperto (opp. operto) bare-headed.
capite obvoluto

caput

de77iittere

caput praecidere

with head covered. bow one's head. cut a man's head.

to
to
off

caput^ parieti impingereto strike one's head against the

wall.

capui has several metaphorical meanings,

e.g.
;

capita coniitra-

tionis (Liv. 9. 26), the leaders of the conspiracy the capital of Greece ; caput cenae, the chief dish

caput Graeciae,
capita legis, the
;

headings, clauses of a law

deducere (Liv.
6.

id quod caput est, the main point

de capite

15), to subtract

from the capital

capitis perictihim.

PARTS OF THE
cervices (in Cic.

HUMAN BODY
aliciiius

25

only in ^Xwx.) frangere alicui or

is

to break a person's neck.

gladius cervicibus wipendet

hostis^ in cervicibus aliciiius est

a sword hangs over our the foe

is

his neck.

at

heels,

upon
promittere
long.

us.

crinem,

barbam

to

grow one's
hair.

hair,

beard

passis crinibus
capilli horrent

with dishevelled
hair.

his hair stands on end.

aliqidd attingere

capilli coi7ipti^ cofiipositi (opp. korridi)

well-ordered,

well-

brushed
extre7?iis digitis
tips.

to

touch with the finger-

fronte??i contrahere

(opp. explicare)

frontem ferire, percutere

i?i

to frown.

to beat one's brow.

fronte alicuius inscriptufn est

face.

one

can see

it

in

his

ab alicuius latere non discedere

side.

to

be always

at a person's

latere regis esse

to

belong to the king's bodyguard.

77ianum {dextra77t) alicui porrigere

to give one's

hand

to

some

one.

77uinu77i no7i vertere alicuius rei

causa
stir

to

make not

the

slightest effort

not to

a finger.

mortal peril

capitis

demimitio [juaxinia, media, viinima) (Li v. 22.

caput
is

60), deprivation of civil rights,

often

combined

y^'iXhfons

source, origin, e.g. ilk fotis et caput Socrates (Cic.

De

Or.

i.

42)

in aegritudine est fans niiseriarum et caput (Cic.)

capjit is

By metonymy
79) with the

used with liherTim (and noxit0?i) (Verr.

free (guilty) person, individual.

2. 32.

meaning of a
^

Cf. velut

in cervicibus habere hostcni (Liv. 44. 39)

belhiin

ingens in cervicibus est (Liv. 22. 33. 6). ^ Cf lie digitum quidem porrigere alicuius rei causa.

26

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

inicere, inferre, afferre

manus

alicuiX.o lay violent

hands

on a person.

manus

tollere

tnanus dare

to raise one's

hands

in

astonishment.

to

own

7?ianu ducere aliquem

oneself conquered, surrender.

to lead

some one by the hand.

manu

or in

manu

tenere aliquid

to

hold something in

one's hand.
in manibiis habere aliquid (also metaphorically)

to

have

something
de

in one's hands,

on hand.
aliquid

manu

in

thing from

manus ox per manus tradere hand to hand.

to pass a

ex or de inanibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid wrest from a person's hand.

e

to

manibus

di^jiittere

to let

go from one's hands.

in alicuius nianus venire^ pervenire

to

come

into

some
into

one's hands.
in alicuius

ma?tus incidere

to

fall

unexpectedly

some one's hands.

in
7?ianus{7?i) siwiere aliquid

one's hand.
in inanibus
^

aliquem gestare

to

take

something into

to carry in one's arms.

slip,

e {de) 7fianibus

effugere^ eldbi

to

escape from the

hands.
inter

manus

auferre aliquem

to carry

some one away

in

one's arms.
^

7), to

Notice too liberos de parentwn complexu avellere (Verr. 2. i. 3. snatch children from their parents' arms (not brachium), so in

alicuius co77iplexu mori ; in alicuius coviplexu haerej'e. meditcni aliquem amplecti, to take to one's arms, embrace libentissimo
;

animo
2

accipere, to

welcome with open arms.

of, e.g.

Distinguish effugere aliquid, to escape the touch

effugere ex aliqtta re, to escape
e in,

invidiam^
is
it

mortem ; and
already escapes

from a position one

e.g.

carcere, e caede, e praelio.

^oWzt fugit me

my

notice.

PAIR'S

OF THE

HUMAN BODY
7.

27

compressis manibus sedere (proverb.) (Liv.

13)

to sit

with folded arms

mordicus tenere aliquid

to

be inactive.
hold
fast in

to

the teeth (also

metaphorically, obstinately).
oculos conicere in aliquein
oculos circumferre
in

to turn one's gaze

on

to regard.

to look in every direction.

omnes paries aciem {oculoriwi) infendere

all

to gaze intently

around.

07nniuin oculos {et ord)

ad

se convertere

to

draw every

one's eyes
omniu??i animos

upon one.
or
meiites

in

se

convertere

to

attract

universal attention.
conspici^

conspicuum

esse aliqua

re

to

make

oneself con-

spicuous.
oculos {aiires, ani7?m??i
-^)

advertere

ad aliquid

to turn one's

eyes (ears, attention) towards an object.

oculi in vultu alicuius habitant

his eyes are always fixed

on some one's
oculos figere in terra

face.

and

in terram

to

keep one's eyes

on the ground.
oculos pascere aliqua re (also simply pasci aliqua re)

to

feast one's eyes with the sight of

oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re

to

turn one's gaze

away from an
person.

object.

oculos operire (morienti)"

to close the eyes of a dying

oculorum aciem alicui praestringere (also simply praestrin-

gere) to dazzle a person.

oculos,

lumina amittere

to lose one's sight.

anii7ium advertere aliquid^animadvertere aIiq7cid=io notice a

;

thing
'^

animadvertere in aliqtiem

io

punish a person.
re.

To

shut one's eyes to a thing, conivere in aliqua

28
ociilis

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

privare
,

aliqiieju
,.

...

KO

liimimous orbare aliquems

deprive a person of his eyes. ^

note)

oculis captu77i esse^ {vid. p. 36,

to be blind.
itself to

ante oculos aliquid versatur

something presents

my
oculis^

vision.

ante oculos (animo) proponere aliquid

to picture

thing to oneself; to imagine.

ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
to yourselves the circumstances.
cernere et videre aliquid

picture

to see clearly, distinctly.

oculis mentis videre aliquid

to see with the mind's eye.

to cherish as the apple of one's

in oculis aliquei7i ferre

aliquis est inihi in oculis

1
\

eye.

abire ex oculis^ e conspectu alicuius

to

go out of

sight,

disappear.
venire in conspectum alicuius
se

to to

come

in sight.

in conspectum dare alicui

show oneself

to

some

one.

fugere alicuius

conspectu7?i,

aspectu77i

to

keep out of a

person's sight.
in
C07ispectu

omniinn

or

077mibus

inspectantibus

before

every one, in the sight of the world.

07nnia uno aspectu^ co7ispectu intueri
at a glance.

to take

in everything

non apparere

to

have disappeared.

pedibus obterere, conculcare

ad pedes ad pedes
ad pedes

alicuius accidere

to trample
fall

under

foot.
feet.

to

at

some

one's

alicuius se proicere, se abicere, procu77ibere, se pro-

sternere

to

throw oneself at some one's

feet.

alicuius iacere, stratu7n esse {stratu7}i iacere)

to

prostrate oneself before a person.

^

Cf. caecatus, occaecatiis cupiditate^ stuliitia.

PROPERTIES OF THE
quod ante pedes
see what
est
lies

HUMAN BODY
non videre

29
fail

ox positiwi

est^

to

to

before one.

sanguine manare^ redundare

to drip

blood

to

be deluged

with blood.
vulttwi fingere

to dissemble, disguise one's feelings.

vultus ficti simulatique

vultiim componere

ad

severitatem
to

vultum non mutare

impassive.

a feigned expression. put on a

to

stern

air.

keep one's countenance, remain

IV.

PROPERTIES OF THE
I.

HUMAN BODY

FEELINGS SENSATIONS POWERS

sensus sani, integri, incorripti

sensibus praeditiwi esse

sensu audiendi carere

not

sound, unimpaired senses.

come
the
within
of

to

be endowed with sense.

to possess the sense of hearing.

sub sens2im or sub ocutos, sub aspectu?fi\ to

cadere
sensibus or sub sensus subiectum esse sensibus percipi
\
J

sphere

the senses.

to be perceptible to the senses.

,^

res sensibus or oculis subiectae

(De
res

Fin.

5.

12.

36)

the

world

of

sense,

the

quas oculis cerninius

visible world.

res externae

sensus movere

(more strongly

pellere)

to

make an im

pression on the senses.

aliquid sensus suaviter

....

afficii\
7.

altquid

sensus

lucunditate v

Ml
f

makes thmg *^

pleasant

impression on the senses.

perfundit

pulsu externo^ adventicio agitari

to be

affected by

some

external impulse, by external impressions.

30

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

(Dc Nat. D.
3. 8.

sevocare 7nente77i a sensibus

21)

to free

one's

mind from the

influences of the senses.

aliquid a sensibus meis abhorret

instincts,

something
strength.

offends

my

goes against the grain.

vires corporis or vires colligere

merely

vires

bodily

to gain strength.

vires aliqueui deficiu?it

to lose strength.

dum

vires suppetunt^SiS

long as one's

strength

holds

out.
to be robust, vigorous. pro viribus or pro mea parte~\2i^ well as I can to the ; pro viriliparte^ (cf. p. 70) best of my ability.
J

bonis esse viribus

2.

BIRTH LIFE
light,

in lucem
ei,

ediio see the

being.

come

into the world.

propter quos hanc lucem aspexi?nus

those
its

to

whom we
child
;

owe our
toUere
^

or suscipere Hberos~\Q> accept as one's

own

to

make

oneself responsible for

nurture

and

education.

aliquem in liberoru7n
child.

loco habere

to

treat as one's

own

sexus (not genus)

virilis,

patre, (e) 77iatre natus

son

7jiuliebris\hQ male, female sex.

of such

and such a
Censorio

father,

mother.
Cato
Utice7isis
ortiis

erat a

Cato72e

Cato

of

Utica was a direct descendant of Cato the Censor.

1

pro

virili parte

is

distinct

from the other expressions, as implying

more assurance and confidence on the part of the speaker. - It was the custom for a Roman father to lift up his new-born child, which was laid on the ground at his feet hence the expression
;

tollere, suscipere.

BIRTH LIFE
orlginem ab aliquo trahere^ ducere

31

to trace one's descent

from some one.

Romae
nafione,

natus^ (a)

Roma

oriundus

what country do you come from genere Anglus an Englishman by ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis a native of England. native urbs patria or simply breathe, animam^ spiritum breathe the hold one's breath. amma7ji run one out of G. cursu exammari
cuias es ?
?

a native of Rome.
birth.

ortus

/<7/r/a

place.
live.

ducere
to

to

a'era spiritu ducere

air.

continere

to

(B.

2.

23. i)

to

till

is

breath.
spiritu7n interdudere alicui

in vita esse

to suffocate a person.
living
;

to

be

alive.

vita or hac lucefrui

to enjoy the privilege of

to

be

alive.
(iniserairi) degere

vitam beatam
life.

to live a

happy (unhappy)
tempus) agere

vitam, aetatem
(honeste,
(all)

{omnem
ruri,
life

aetatem,
litteris),

omne

aetatis

in

degere,

traducere

to live

one's

(honourably, in the countryj

as a

man
dum
.
.

of learning).

vita suppetit ;

dum
\

(^quoad) vivo
. ., ^ ,. \\i I live till

as long as I live.

si vita
SI

mihi suppeditat^\ .^^

est vitae

then.
life.

vita suppetit

quod reliquum
vitae

the

rest of one's
^

cursum or curriculum
career.

conficere

to

finish

one's

stippeditare

(i) transitive,

to

supply sufficiently;
career

(2)

intrans.

to

be present in
^

sufficient quantities

vitae {vivendi) cursus or

= j-2///^/^r^. curruulu7n = \\ie,

is

considering

its

duration, length.

Life

= biography

not curriculum vitae, but

simply vita, vitae descriptio.

32

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

Roman
C07idita7n

Tloinerus fuit^ multis annis ante

lived

Homer
Rome.

many

years before the foundation of

3.

TIME OF LIFE
man
are
i?ifans^

(The terms

for

the different ages of

puer^ adulescens, iuvenis, senior, senex, grandis natu.)

ea aetate, id aetatis esse

to

be of such and such an age.

a puero

{is\

aparvo{is\ aparvulo{is)

from youth
i.

up.
6.

teneris unguiculis (e^

anrdkoav ovv'^wv) (Fam.

from one's
entry into

2)

cradle,

from one's
i.

earliest childhood.

ab ineunte [prima) aetate (De Or.

civil life.

21. 97)

from one's

ex pueris excedere

to leave one's

boyhood behind one,

become a man.
flos aetatis

the prime
,

of youthful vigour.

aetateflorere.vis^ere\

KO be

m
.

the prime of

r^-r
life.

aetate esse Integra ""6

adulescentia deferbuit
aetate progrediente

aetate ingravescente

with advancing with the

the

fires

of youth have cooled.

years.

weight, weakness of declin-

ing years.
aetas cons tans, inedia, firmata, corroborata (not viri/is)

manhood.
grandior factus
-

1
\

-,

Vhaving reached

man

estate.

corroborata, firmata aetate

sui iuris factum

esse

to

have become independent, be

aetate provecta)

no longer a minor.
aetate

provectwn

esse

(not

to

be ad-

vanced
^

in years.
is esse ;

To

live,

speaking chronologically,
life,

vivere denotes to

ho.

alive, pass one's

e.g. laitte, in otio.

TIME OF LIFE
longiiis

33
in

aetate provectiwi

esse

to

be more advanced

years.

grandis natu

aetate affecta esse

aged.

mori

to to

be infirm through old

age.

vires consenescunt
senectute, senio

become

confectum esse

exada

aetate

to die at

and feeble. to be worn out by old a good old age.

old

age.

ad summam
age.

senectutem pervenire

to live to a very great

senectus riobis obrepit

old age creeps on us insensibly.

admodiwi

adulescens^ senex
\

still

quite a young (old) man.

life,

extrema aetas
extremiim tempus aetatis

the last stage of

days.

one's last

vita occidens

aequalein esse alicuius

viator {natu)

aetate alicui antecedere, anteire

the evening of be a contemporary the be older

life.

to

of a person.

elder.

to

than.

quot annos natus es'i\.

Vhow

old are you

I

qua

aetate es

tredeci?n

annos natus sum

am

thirteen years old.

I

tertium

decimum annum ago

am

in

my

thirteenth

year.

puer decem annorum

decimum
aetatis

a boy ten years

to
to

old.

annufn ingredi

be entering on one's

tenth year.

decem annos vixisse

decimuin

be ten years
egressum

old.

annum

excessisse,

esse

to

be more than

ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh

year.

minorem
tu?7i

esse viginti

annis

habebam decem
time.

annos

to
I

be not yet twenty.

was ten years old at the

34

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

\ to

centum annos complere

vitam ad aniiuui centesimum
perducere.
accessio
tertiaui

reach
year,

one's
to
live

hundredth
to

be

paucorum annoru7n iam aetatem videre

thirty

the addition of a few be middle-aged

to
incidere
office.

hundred.
years.
{i.e.

be-

tween

and

forty).

in aetatem alicuius^ in

annum
year of

to

happen during

a person's
oniniiwi

life,

suorum or
survive

onijiibus suis superstite?n esse

all

to out-

live,

one's kin.

homines qui nunc sunt (opp. ^

qui tunc fuerunt)

our
nos-

contemporaries

men

homines huius

aetatis,

of our time.

trae inemoriae

posteri

posterity.

scriptores aetate posteriores or inferiores

later writers.

4.

HUNGER THIRST

esurire

to

be hungry.

fajue laborare^ premi

starving.

to

be tormented by hunger, to be

fainem tokrare, sustentare

inedict 77tori

or vitam finire

fame fame

confici^ perire^ interire

necari

to

endure the pangs of hunger.

to starve oneself to death.

to die of starvation.
(as

to

be starved to death

punishment).

fame^n,

siti??i

explere

famem

sititnque depellere cibo Ito allay one's

I

hunger,

thirst.

et potione
siti cruciari^

premi

sitim colUgere

to

suffer agonies of thirst.

thirsty.

to

become

sitim haustu gelidae

aquae sedare

to slake one's thirst

by

a draught of cold water.

LAUGHTER TEARS
fajnis et
sitis
^

35

patienteDi esse

to

be able to endure hunger

and

thirst.

5.

LAUGHTERTEARS
"

risum

edere, tollere
tollere^

to begin to laugh.

cachinniim

edere

risiwi viovere^ concitare

to burst into a roar of laughter.

to raise a laugh.
excutere) alicui

risum

elicere

(more strongly

to

make

person laugh.
risum capture
7'isiwi tenere risufji

to try

and
1
\

raise a laugh.
to

vix posse

be scarcely able
one's laughter.

to restrain

aegre continere posse

aliquid in risum vertere

it

to

make

a thing ridiculous, turn

into a joke.

lacriffias,

vim

lacrimaru7?i effundere, profundere

to burst

into a flood of tears.

in lacri7nas effundi or lacrimis perfundi
tears.

to

be bathed in

lacrimis obortis

with
,

tears in one's eyes.

multis

cum

lacri,is\
_

magno

with

many

tears.

ciwt jletu

lacrimas tenere non posse

fletum cohibere non posse

vix vix
^

to

be hardly able

to

mihi tempero\ \qmn lacrimem

.

restrain one's tears.

7?ie

contmeo

jzVzV is also

used metaphorically

66), so sitire

e.g. libertatis sitis

5.

(Rep. (Rep.

i.

43.

e.g.

honons (De

Fin. 4.

3), libertatem

i: 43.

66), sanguineni (Phil. 2. 7. 20).

The

participle sitiens takes the

Gen.

e.g.
-

sitiejts
itt

virtutis {V\z.nc.

5. 13).

Not

ever, risiis^ vox,Jiehcs

4.

riswn ertunpere, which only occurs in late Latin. Howerumpit is classical, similarly indignatio (Liv.

^o),furo7', aipiditates (Gael. 12. 28).

36

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

alicici

lacrimas ox fletiwi

movere

prae lacrimis loqui

emotion.
gaudio /acrimare
hinc illae

7ton

posse

to

move

to tears.
for

to

be unable to speak

to

weep

for joy.
i.
i.

lacri?fiae

{^xowtTh.)(YQr. And.

99; Gael.

25.

61) hence these tears; there's the rub.

lacrimula (Plane. 31. 76)!
^ lacnmae simulatae
,
.

rcrocodiles' tears.
I

6.

HEALTHSICKNESS
^

bona {firma, prospera) valetudine

note)

esse

or uti {vid. p. 84,

to enjoy

good

health.

valetudini consukre, operant dare

health.
fir77ia corporis coristitutio
infir77ia^

to take Care of one's

or affectio

aegra valetudine
incidit\
.,

esse or uti

a good constitution. be weakly.

to
ill,

in

morbum

[he
J

fell

ill.

aegrotare coepit

morbo tentari or corripi

77iorbo affllgi
lecto teneri

to

be attacked by
to

disease.

be on a bed of sickness. be confined one's bed.

to
laid

to

vehe77ienter^ graviter aegrotare^ iacere\

gravi 77iorbo
vexari

affectu7n esse, conflictari, Vto

I

be seriously

ill.

leviter aegrotare, 77iinus valere

aestu etfebri iactari

omnibus

77iembris

to have a severe attack of captu7n to be affected by

esse
^
;

to

be indisposed.
fever.

disease

in every
1

limb

to

be paralysed.

valettido

is

a neutral term

= state

of health,

sanitas = soundness

of mind, reason
^

e.g.

ad sanitateni

reverti, to recover one's reason.

esse,

Note auribus, oadis, captwii captum esse, to be mad.

to

be deaf, bhnd

mente

SICKNESS SLEEP
ex pedilms laborare^ pedibus aegrum
pestilentia
esse

37

to

have the gout.

invadit

(not pestis)

i?t

urbein

{popiilwti)

the

plague breaks out in the

city.

animus relinquit aliqiie^n

unconscious.

a man

loses his senses,

becomes

morbus

i?igravescif^

morbo absumi
disease.

(Sail. lug. 5. 6)

the disease gets worse. be carried

to

off

by a

assidere aegroto (Liv. 25. 26)

to

watch by a sick man's

bedside.

aegrotum curare
curationes

aegrotu7n

method of treatment. sanare (not cure a

acrare)
to
se colligere

to treat as a patient (used of a doctor).

patient.

ex morbo convalescere (not reconvalescere) a disease.

e

to recover

from

gravi morbo recreari or

to recruit oneself

after a severe illness.

melius ei factum est

vaietudinefu
,_.
.

he

feels better.
\
_.
,

(morbum) excusare~
,

^ (LlV. 6. 22. 7)

to excuse oneself

on the

valetudinis excusatione uti

....

V
. .

score of health.

ri

7.

SLEEP DREAMS

cubitum

ire

to go to bed.

somno or

quieti se tradere

somnum
^

capere no?i

posse

to lay oneself

down

to sleep.

to

be unable to sleep.

The comparative and

superlative of aeger and aegrotus are not

used in this connection, they are replaced by such phrases as vehementer, graviter aegrotare, morbus ingravescit, etc.
^

But

se

excusare

to excuse oneself to

aliciii or apud aliqueni some one about a thing.

[de or in allqiia re)

38

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

me
?ion

curae so?nnuf?i mihi adhnunt^ dortnire

sinunt

cannot sleep for anxiety. somnu7n oculis 7tieis non vidi (Fam. wink of sleep.
arfe,

7.

30)

to

haven't had a

graviter dor77iire (ex lassitudiTie)

sleep soundly

(from fatigue).
artus
S07717ZUS alique77i C07?iplectitiir (Rqi). 6.

10)

to fall fast

asleep.
S0771710

captu77i,

oppressutti

esse

to

be

overcome

by

sleep.
sopitu77i esse
iTi

luce77i dor77iire

S0771710

solvi

sleep on into the morning. to awake.

to
excitare,
dor77iie7tte7n

to

be sound asleep.

{e)

50771710

excitare

to rouse,

wake
bed,

some
e

one.
e

lecto

or

cuMli surgere

to

rise

from

one's

get up.

per per
.

S077i7mm^
. ,

i7t
.

so77inis\
.

yin a
I

dream.

quiete77i^ in quiete

iTi so77i7tis

videre aliquid or specie77i

I I

to see

something

in a

dream.
iTi so77i7tis

visits {77iihi) SU771 videre

est-

dreamed

saw
in

species 77iihi dormieTiti oblata

saw a vision
108)

my
is

dreams.
S077miu77i
veru77i evddit (Div.
2.

53.

my

dream

coming

true.

S077miu77i i7tterpretari

to explain a dream.

so77i7iioru77i iTiterpres, co7tiector

so77i7iiare

de aliquo

an interpreter of dreams.
of a person.

to

dream

DEA TH
8.

39

DEATH

{de) vita decedere or

merely decedere
^to

{ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire

depart this

life.

de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare

mortem
supremo

(die7?i

siipremiwi) obire

vitae die

on one's
. .

last day.
| .

animam

edere or effiare
,

Vto give
\

up the

ghost.

extremum

vitae

spintum edere
to

anima7?t agere

be

at one's last gasp.

mors immatiira ox praematura

mature decedere
siibita

an untimely death.
off

to die young.

morte exstingiii

to

be cut

by sudden death.
to

necessaria (opp. voluntarid) morte 7nori\

die

natural

morbo perire^ absumi, co?isumi

debitum naturae reddere

death.

(Nep. Reg.
to

mortem
se vita

sibi consciscere

privare

i)J

commit

suicide.
life.

to take one's

own

manus, vim

sibi afferre

vitae finem facere

tale??i

to lay

hands on

oneself.
life.

to put

an end to one's
(used

vitae exitiun (not fine7?i) habuit

(Nep. Eum. 13)

of

such was the

death).
morte7?i oppetere
77iorte77i

end of

violent

to

meet death (by

violence).

occu77ibere pro patria

is

to die for one's country.

cf.

^ sua morte defiingi or mori debitum naturae persolvit.

late Latin,

Inscr. Orell.

3453

se interficere^ se ouidere, se

necare are rare.

period,

when
se

suicide

was not common,

(Cic.

ipse is often
2.

During the classic added e.g.

Crassiim
frequent,
89), etc.,

ipsum interemisse
2.

Scaur.

16), Liicretia se ipsa

interemit (Fin.
se

20.
;

66)

but later,

when

suicide

had become
(Suet.
lul.

nonnulU semet interemernnt occur commonly.

interemit

40

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

sanguinem suum pro patria effimdere or profundere~io shed one's blood for one's fatherland.
vitam profiindere pro patria
se 7norti offerre
)

to

sacrifice

oneself for

one's country. dare venerium in paneto give a person poison in bread. venenum sumere, bibere to take poison.

pro

salute patriae]

veneno sibi morte7n consciscere

to poison oneself.
1

pocuhmi mortis {mortiferum) exhaurire {CXu^ni. drain the cup of poison.

potestas vitae necisque

1.

31) to

power over
to

life

and death.

plagam extremam or mortiferam

death-blow.
e

ififligere

to

inflict

or de medio tollere

remove a person.
(Ter. Ad.
!

perii! actum est de

it's all

me /

3.

2.

26) I'm undone!

up with

me

9.

BURIAL

funere

efferri

or simply efferri {publice ; publico, suo sumptu)

(at

to
one's

be interred

the expense of the state, at

own

cost).

sepultura aliquem afficere

to

bury a person.
]to perform the
for a person.
last
rites

iustafacere, solvere alicui

supremo

officio in

aliquem fungi]

funus
funus

alicui facere, ducere (Cluent. 9. 28)

to carry out the

funeral obsequies.
alicuius exsequi
]

to

attend a person's
funeral.

exsequias alicuius funeris prosequi \

supremis

officiis

aliquem prosequi
last offices

(vid.

p. d>^,

note)

to

perform the

of affection.
to

mortuum

in sepulcro co?idere

entomb a dead body.

BURIAL HUMAN LIFE

aliquevi inortmim
^

41

cremare (Sen. 23. 84)

pompa funebris
ftmiis or
ludos

a funeral procession. celebrate the obsequies. exsequias give funeral games dare funebres
celebrare

to

burn a corpse.

to

alicui

to

in

honour of a person.
oratio funebris
-

a funeral
1
\

oration.

sepidturae honore carere

iustis

to

be deprived of the
burial,

rites

of

exsequiarum carere
iri

elogium

sepulcro incisum

the epitaph.

this is the
. .
.

sepulcro (Dat.) or in sepulcro hoc inscriptufu est

inscription
hie situs est
. .
.

on

his

tomb
lies
.
.

here
{in

aliquem in roguj?i iinponere

proiici

to place

on the funeral-pyre.

inhumatum

publicmn^

to

be cast out unburied.

V.

HUMAN
I.

VARIOUS RELATIONS AND CONDITIONS

LIFE; ITS

CIRCUMSTANCESITUATIONDIFFICULTY
res

res

humanae or simply

human
,
.

life.
^

haec est reru??t humanaruin\

condicio
SIC vita

that
\
.

IS
,

the
.

way

.
:

01

the world

hominum

such

... IS life.

est

ita

(ea kge, ea condicione) nati

sumus

this is

our natural
us.

tendency, our^destiny
^

nature compels

" Corpse " usually = corptis morttii or simply corpus,

cadaver

is

corpse which has begun to decompose.

^ cf.

For eulogv, panegyric, use

;

laiuiatio funebris or

simply laudatio^

Mil. 13. 33

Liv.

5.

50.

42
res

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

exter7ias

or

Jmmanas

despicere

to

despise

earthly

things.
res

humanas

infra se positas arbitrariio feel superior to

life.

the affairs of this

meliore {deteriore) condicione

esse,

utito

find one's cir-

cumstances altered
condicto ac fortuna

for the better (the worse.)

hominum
loco,

infimi generis

the
is
;

position

of the lower classes.

res

meae

meliore

i7i\

my

position

consider-

meliore causa sunt

I
J

ably improved

my

pro-

meliorem in statum redigor

alique7n

spects are brighter.

in pristinum
restituere

in antiquu?n statum,

to

restore a

man

to his

former position.

in tanta reru7n {te77iporum) iniquitate

under

such unfav-

ourable circumstances.
res diibiae, perditae, afflictae?i critical position
less state of affairs.
;

a hope-

in angustias adducere aliquem

to place

some one

in

an

embarrassing position.
in
a7igustiis,

difficultatibus^

esse or versari

to

be

in

dilemma

in

angustiis pre77ii, difficultatibus f

affici

difficulties.

agitur praeclare,

be7ie cu7n aliqiio

;

so-and-so

is

in

a very

satisfactory position
res ita
est,

prospers.

ita

{sic)

se

habetiXiQ facts are these;

the

matter stands thus.

eadem

{lo7tge alia) est

Jmius rei ratio

the case
this

is

exactly

similar (entirely different).

hoc

lo7ige aliter, secus

^i"/ this

is

res {ita) fert

circumstances

quite another matter.

make

necessary

the

exigencies of the case are these.

COMMENCEMENT END RES UL T

^

43

pro re inata),
/:>

pro tempore] ^ Vaccording to circumstances.

J
est,
.;

pro tempore

et p?'o re

res eo or in eiim

locum deducta
.
.

lit

the
?

matter
is

has gone so far that

the state of affairs

such that
quo
loco res tuae
est

sunt?

eadem

causa mea

how are you getting on my circumor eadem causa

in

siun

stances have not altered.

si

quid (Jiumanitus) mihi accidat or accident

if

anything

should happen to
quae cum
ita sint

me

if I

die.

utcunique res ceciderit

under such circumstances. whatever happens any case.

;

in

2.

COMMENCEMENT END RESULT

re

initium capere; incipere ab aliqua

thing.

to

begin with a

initium facere, ducere, sumere {alicuius rei)

to

commence

a thing.

ab exiguis
,.
,

initiis proficisci

to start
1

from small beginnings.

parare with
aggredi

Inf.
,.
.

ad aliquid jaciendumx
doctrittae

fto prepare to
origin,
first

do a thmg.
beginnings
of

incunabula^

the

learning.

Jinem facere alicuius jinem imponere,

rei

afferre, consti

to finish, complete,
tuere alicui rei
V
'

fulfil,

ad Jinem aliquid adducere

accomplish a thing.

ad exitum aliquid perducere

jinem habere
^

to

come

to

an end.
ciDiabiila, cradle, is not

incunalnila literally swaddling-clothes.

used in this metaphorical sense except in post-Augustan Latin.

44

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

or procedit (opp. paruvi

alujiiid {bene, prospers) succedit

procedere,

non

succedere)

the

matter

progresses

favourably^ succeeds.

eventwn, exituni (fe/tcem) habere

result (satisfactorily).

to turn out (well)

to

quorsum haec

res cadet or evadet ?

what
?

will

be the

issue,

end, consequence of the matter

ad

irritum redigere aliquidXo frustrate, nullify.

res aliter cecidit ac

putaveram

the
of

result has surprised

me;
quid
illo

was not prepared

fietl

what

for this

development.
? ?

will

become

him

quid /mic homini (also hoc homine) faciam

to

what

am

do with

this fellow ?

3.

CAUSE MOTIVEORICilN

causam
iustis de

afferre
^

causis

to

quote as a reason

give as excuse.

for valid reasons.

magnae
non

{graves)

necessariae

causae

cogent,
it
.
.

decisive

reasons.

on good grounds reasonably. quid causae fuit cur how came that
sine causa
;
. . .

catisa posita est in aliqua re

r.

\
'

the motive, cause, 7.^ J, ^ J i L causa repetenda est ab aliqua \ re (not quaerenda)
.

is

to

be

multae causae

me impulerunt ad

aliquid or ut
.

was

induced by several considerations to causam interponere or interserere to interpose, put ward an argument, a reason.
.
.

for-

^ Notice the order so regularly ea and qua de causa ; but ob earn causam not eaju oh causam. For the meaning of iustus cf. xvi. 5 bellum iustum and xvi. loa praeluun iusium.
;

MO TI VE ORIGIN -RE GA RD
praetendere^ praetexere

45

aliquid

to

make something an

excuse, pretext.
causa7ii idonea7n nancisci

per

caiisa7n

(with
.

find a suitable pretext. Oen.) under the pretext, pretence

to

of

causae reru7?i et co7isecutio7ies

causae extri7isecus

cause and
Iti

effect.

allatae (opp.

ipsa

re positae)

ex-

traneous causes.
reru77i

causae aliae ex aliis Ttexae

concatenation,
produced by

inter-

dependence of
ex paT^is saepe

causes.
reriwi
77iome7ita peTideTtt

77iag7iaru77i

important results are often

causes.

trivial

ex aligua re
.

Tiasci.
/.

77ianare
.

1
I

,.

rto origmate m, arise from.

ao aliqua re projicisci

ex aliqua re redu7idare {in or

great abundance.
utilitas
efflorescit

ad

aliquid^

to accrue in

ex aliqua

re

untold

advantages arise

from a thing.
e foTitibus

haurire (opp.

rivulos coTisectari or foTites

7t07t

videre)

to

draw from the fountain-head.

77ia7ia7it

haec ex

eode7)i

fonte fluu7it^

these

things

have

the same origin.

fons

et

caput

{vid. p. 24,

note)

source,

origin.

4.

REGARDIMPORTANCEINFLUENCEPOWERINCLINATION
habere alicuius rei
^

ratio7ie77i

\
\

to

have regard
view

for

take

respicere

aliquid

into consideration.
;

quo
^

i7t

geTtere

from

this point of

similarly.

But respicere ad aliquid {aliquem)

io

look round at an object.

46
miiltis

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

rebus
points.

or

locis

in

many
;

respects;

in

many

i7i

utraqiie re

in

both cases

whichever way you look

at
ceteris

it.

rebus (not cetera)~^<s> regards the rest

otherwise.
rebus

077ini

ex parte

ht

omni genere ;
;

o??i?iibus

from

every point of view

aliqica
.

looked

at in

every

light.

ex parte\
hto a certain extent.
I

J. aiiquatenus

magni

{nulliics)

?nomenti esse

to

be of great (no) import-

ance.

momentimi

afferre

nd aliquidXo determine the

issue of;

to turn the scale.

pertinere

ad ad

aliquid

to

be essentially important

to a

thing.

hoc nihil

sapientejji pertinet

a wise man
is

is

in

no way

affected by this.

hoc in sapientem non cadit

it
;

incompatible with the

nature of a wise

man

the wise are superior to

such things.

mtdtum vakre ad aliquidY" multum afferre ad aliquid \

j

^onfibute much
' ' '

towards

'

.' ''''^'^'

considerably
in
.

to

be instrumental

77iagnam vifn habere

ad

aliquid

to

have considerable

influence on a question.
positu77i^ situ77i esse in

aliqua re

contineri aliqua re
consistere
i7i

aliqua re

4o depend upon a

thing.

pendere ex aliqica 7x
in te 077mia stmt
^

everything depends on you.

means
(i) to

contineri aliqtia re also

;

be bounded by

.,

e.g.

oceano

(2) to

be limited, restricted

to, e.g. inoenibtis.

PO WER
in ea re

INCLINA TION OPPOR TUNITY depencis on omnia verhintur

all

47
is

this

this

the decisive point.

constare ex aliqua re

to

be composed of; to consist

of.

cernitur

(ifi)
.

aliqua re (not ex aliqua re)

. .

it

is

evident

from

in inanu^ in potestate aliciiius\

sitimi^

posituin esse
esse

Vto
\

be

in a

person's power.

penes aliquem
res integra
^

est

the

matter

is

still

undecided

it

is

an

open question.
res 77iihi integra est
I

have not yet committed myself.

. . .

mihi non

est i?itegrum, tit

it is

no longer

in

my

power.

integru77i (causa77i

integra77i) sibi reservare

;

me

to leave the

question open
qua7itu77i in

to refuse to

commit

oneself.
lies
;

me

{situ7n) est
ability.

as

far as in

to the

best of

my

penes

te

arbitriu77i

huius rei

est

the
tirely

decision of the

question rests with you.

arhitrio alicuius 077inia permittere\\.o
077iniu77i

put the matter enin

rerimi arbitrium alicuiV

some one's

per77iittere

arbitratUj arbitrio tuo

hands.

just as

you wish.

5.

OPPORTUNITY POSSIBILITY OCCASIONCHANCE

occasio datur^ offertur

itself.
^

a favourable^ opportunity presents

of integer

The proper meaning

Not

{in-TAG, tango)

is

untouched,

unsulHed.
^

occasio opporttina, bona, pulchra, the notion

being contained in

the

word

itself.

We

find,

"favourable" however, occasio

praeclara, ampla, tatita, not unfrequently.

48

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

when occasion
tunity occurs.
offers
;

occasione data, oblata\

as

oppor-

per occasionem

quotienscimqiie occasio oblata est ; ofjinibiis locis

on

every

occasion

at every opportunity.

occasionem alicui dare, praebere ^

alicuius
rei

or

ad

aliquid
to

faciendum
facultatem alicui dare alicuius >
rei or ut possit

give

man

the

opportunity of doing
a thing.

...

potestatem^

copia??i alicui dare,

facere with Gen. gerund.

occasionem

nancisci

to

get,

meet

with,

favourable

opportunity.
occasione uti

to make use

of,

avail oneself of

an oppor-

tunity.

occasionem praetermittere, amittere (through carelessness),

omittere

(deliberately), dimiUere (through

to lose, let slip
^

indiffer-

ence)

an opportunity.

occasioni deesse

to neglect

an opportunity. an opportunity.

occasionem arripere

to seize

facultatem, potestatem alicui eripere, adimere

to deprive

man

of the

chance of doing a

thing.

nulla est facultas alicuius rei

no opportunity of carrying
itself.

out an object presents

locum dare suspicioni
^

to give ground for suspicion.

Notice potestatem alicui pugnandi facere^ to offer battle, and

siii facei-e alicui, (i)

potestatem
also (2)
facere).
^

to give opportunity of battle,

(cf.

and

to

grant

an audience to

sui conveniendi potestatem

In the same

way

deesse officio, to leave one's duties

;

undone

d. miineri, to

neglect the claims of one's vocation

state interests, to

d. rei
;

publicae,

be careless of do one's best.

to

be impatriotic

d.

sibi,

not to

SUCCESS
a?isas

GOOD FORTUNE
reprehensionis

49

dare ad reprehendendtwi,

to

give

occasion for blame

to challenge criticism.

ansam habere

reprehensionis

to contain,

afford matter

for criticism.

adduci aliqua re {ad aliquid or ut

a consideration.
nescio

to

be induced by

quo casu (with Indie.)

by some chance or other.

teinere et fortuito ; forte (et) temere

quite

accidentally,

fortuitously.

6.

SUCCESS GOOD FORTUNE

fortuna secunda ufi

to

be fortunate, lucky.
tune

fortunae favore ox prospero flatu\ to be favoured by Forfortunae uti

{vid. note, p.

84) ^
J

to

bask

in For-

fortunam fautricei7i nancisci

fortuna caecos

tune's smiles.
occaecat

homi7Us

efficit,

animos

Fortune
;

makes men
fortimam

shortsighted, infatuates them.

tentare, experiri

to try one's luck.

fortunam periclitari i^periculum facere^

to run a risk

to

tempt Providence.
fortunae
se com??tittere

to trust to luck.

fortunam

in

manibus habere

to

have success

in one's

grasp.

fortunam ex manibus dimittere

one's fingers.

to let success slip through

fortuna commutatur^
ludibrium fortunae
is^

se inclinat

luck
esse

is

changing, waning.

the plaything of Fortune. queni fortuna complexa Fortune's be abandoned a fortuna desertum^ derelictum
est

favourite.

to

by

good

luck.

50

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

effert

fortuna aliquem

Fortune
to

exalts a

man, makes

liim

conspicuous.
rebus secundis efferri

be puffed up by success

to be

made

arrogant by prosperity.

adfelicitate7n {inagnus) cuimi^

his accedit ex aliqua re
aliqiiid
affert
felicitatis

his

crowning happiness
by
a

is

cumulum
7nagno

produced
his felicity

thing

the culminating point of

felicltatem
is
. .

aliquid

cumulo auget
in rebus prosperis et

ad voluntatem
^

fluentibus

when
bliss.

life

runs smoothly.
beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse

ad bene

beateque vivenduni
accidit,

peropportune

quod

happiness,

for a life of perfect happiness.

it is

most fortunate that

7.

MISFORTUNE FATE RUIN

^.

fortuna adversa ^.

1 y

misfortune, adversity.

res adversae, ajfiictae, perditae\

in calaniitate??i i?tcidere

to

be overtaken by calamity.
to suffer mishap.

calamitate7n accipere, subire

ftihil

calamitatis {in vita) videre

all

to live a life free

from

misfortune.
1
,
.

calamitate7n haurire
.
-

yto drain the

cup of sorrow.

omnes
^

labores exanclare
J

and heatitudo are used by Cicero in one passage only (De Nat. Deorum, i. 34. 95), but merely as a linguistic experiment. ^ In Latin metaphor the verb only, as a rule, is sufficient to express
beatitas

the metaphorical

meaning e.g.

aniicitiaiii iujigere
;

cum

aliqiio, to

be

bound by the bands of affection to any one religionem labefactare, to undermine the very foundations of belief; helium exstinguere, to extinguish the torch of war aincta bello ardent, the fires of war are
;

MISFOR TUNE FA TER UIN

calamitateni^ pestem i7iferre alicui

to bring

mishap, ruin

on a person.

calamitatibus obrui
cahwiitatibus affligi
calamitatibus
troubles.

to

be the victim of misfortune.

be overwhelmed with misfortune.
to

to

defiingi

come

to

the

end of

one's

calamiiate doctiis
coiiflictari
i?i

7naHs iacere

schooled by {cum) adversafortuna with be broken down by misfortune.

adversity.
to struggle to

adversity.

malis urgeri

to

be hard pressed by misfortune.

of fortune. the casus the changes and chances of
vicissitudes

fortunae vicissitudines
andpites et varii
life.

this

sub varios incertosque casus subiecfum esse

to

have to subbe subject

mit to the uncertainties of fortune

to Fortune's caprice.

to

multis casibus iactari

to

experience the ups and downs

of

life.

ad omnes
all

casus subsidia comparare

to

be prepared for

that

may come.
uti

varia

fortuna
fortune
;

to

experience

the

vicissitudes

of

to have a

chequered career.

multis iniquiiatibus

exerceri^

to

be severely tried by

misfortune.
raging
all

around

libido consedit, the

storm of passion has ceased

;

vionumenta exederat, the tooth of time had eaten away the monuments. ^ The first meaning of exercere is to keep in motion, give no rest to. Then, metaphoricaliy, to keep busy, to harass e.g. forhina aliquem vehemetiter exercet. Lastly, exercere is used to express the main activity in any branch of industry, thus, exercere agros, to farm inetalla, to carry on a mining industry navevi, to fit out ships, be a shipowner vectigalia, to levy, collect taxes, used specially of the ptiblicani ; qni exercet ittdicittni, the presiding judge (praetor).
strike

anijmiui pellere, to

the

heart-strings

vetustas

52

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

tells

fortunae

proposltu7n

esse

to

be

exposed

to

the

assaults of fate.

fortimae oblectu7n

esse

to

be abandoned to

fate.

ad

Inlurlas fortunae exposltum esse

to

be a victim of the

malice of Fortune.
fortunae cedere

to acquiesce in one's fate.

allqueju affllgere, perdere, pessumdare, In praeceps dare

to

bring a

man

to ruin

to destroy.

praeclpltem agl^ Ire

ad exltlum vocarl ad InterItum mere

In pernlcieni Incurrere

^to

be ruined, undone.

pestem allcul
pernlclem
mollrl^

{In allque77i)

machlnartX to compass, devise a

afferre, I
I

{exltlum)

allcul

man's
ruin.

overthrow,

parare

ab

exltlo,

ab Interltu allquem vlndlcare

to rescue

from

destruction.

8.

DANGER RISK SAFETY

In perlculo esse or versarl

res In

to

be

in danger.

sununo dlscrlmlne versatur

critical.

the

position

is

very

In vltae dlscrlmlne versarl

to be in peril of one's

life.

In perlcula Incldere, Incurrere

to find oneself in a hazard-

ous position.
perlcula allcul Impendent, lm77ilnent

dangers

threaten a

man.
perlcula In or

ad

allque7n redundant
;

many dangers hem

risks at every turn.

a person in

one meets new

perlcula sublre, adlre, susclpefe

perlculls se offerre

to incur danger, risk.

to expose oneself to peril.

DANGER RISK SAFETY

sabitcm^ vitam sua??i in discrimen offerre (not exponere)
risk one's
life.
ifi

53

to

aliquem. aliquid

....
,

pericuhivi\
1

alicui periculu7ii creare^ conflare\

(discrwiemadditcere.vocare^y ' ,. n
\

to

endanger,
.
.

imperil

person or

thini^.

in periciiliwi capitis^ in discrimen vitae se inferre

lessly
saliis^ capict^

is

to reck-

hazard one's

life.

vita alicidus agitur, pericHtaiur, in discrimine

est or

versatur

man's

life

is

at stake,

in very

great danger.
in ipso periadi discrimine

at the critical

moment.
from
peril.

aliqiiem ex periculo eripere, servare

mdlum periculu7n
to
. . .

recusare pro

to rescue

to avoid

no

risk in

order

pericidis pei'fungi

to

surmount dangers.

periculiwi facere alicuius rei

pericidum hostis facere

to make
try one's

trial

of

to risk.

to

strength with the

enemy
res

to try issue of battle.

casu7ii\
r estj

ad extremu7n
est

affairs

are
i

desperate

we

are

perducta
-

ad extrema perventum
in tuto esse in
tuto

reduced to extremities.

to

be

in a position of safety.

coUocare

aliqidd

to

ensure

the

safety

of

thing.
^

vocare helps

to

form several phrases

e.g.

in

itividiain,
It is

in

siispicionem, in diibium^

ad

exititim, in periculuvi vocare.

used

in the passive to express periphrastically the passive of verbs

which

have only an active voice

ular,

e.g.

in invidiam vocari, to
Cf. in

become unpop-

be hated, invideor not being used.

invidiam venire.

54

LA TIN J'llRASE BOOK

9.

ASSISTANCE DELIVERANCECONSOLATION

auxiliiim^ opein^ saliitem ferre alicid

to bring aid to

to

rescue.

auxilio alicui venire

to

come

to assist

any one.

alicuius opein implorare

to implore a person's help.

alicuius

confugere
to

ad aliquem or ad opem, ad fidem some one for refuge.

aicxiliiun

to fly

ad

extremujji

descendere^

to

be reduced to

one's last resource.

auxilium praesens ^

prompt

assistance.

adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse)

to assist, stand

by a person.
salute7n alicui afferre
,
.

to deliver, rescue a person.

.

1 to
\

take measures for one's

safety
^
.

saluti suae consulere, prospicere

,

.,

suis rebus or sibi co7isulere

I

to

look

after

one

own

interests.

solacium praebere
salufeffi

expedire

to effect a person's deliverance. to comfort.

nihil habere consolationis

hoc solaciofrui^uti

to afford no consolation. tosolaceoneself with the thought

consolari aliquem de aliqua re

to

comfort a

man

in

matter

to

condole with him.

consolari dolorem alicuius

to soothe grief.

Similarly descendere

is

frequently used of consenting unwillingly

to a thing, condescending.
^

Cf. vi. 9 ad fin. and xvi. 9. Notice ioo poena praesens, instant punishment, pectuiia praesens,
;

ready money, inedicina praesens, efficacious remedy

propitious deity
;

detcs

praesens, a

z;z

rem praesenteni

venire, to

go

to the very spot to

make

a closer examination.

RICHES WANTPO VER TV

consolari alique7n in iniseriis

55

to

comfort
,

in misfortune.
,

hoc

iilld) solacio vie

consolor 1
J

\ haec {ilia)

console myself with

res vie covsolattir

10.

RICHESWANT POVERTY
abundare

divitiis, copiis

to
\
I

be
to

rich,
.

wealthy.
.

viagjias viamas

opes habere

be very rich

to be

opibus inaxime florere

m
.

position of affluence.

ovmibus opibus

cit'cuvifluere

fortunis maxiviis ornatuvi esse

to

be

in the

enjoyment of
in

a large fortune.
in

oinniuvi

renun abundantia vivere

to

live

great

affluence.
aliquevi

ex paupere

divitevi

facere

to

raise

man

from poverty

to wealth.

inopia alicuius rei laborare^ previi

to

suffer

from want of

a thing.

ad

egestatevi,

ad

inopiani {suviviajn oniniwn reruvi) redigi

to (abject) poverty.
tolerare

vitavi

to

be reduced

inopevi

sustentare^

to earn a precarious

livelihood.
in egestate esse,
vitajn
ill

ve7'sari\
I

,.

rto live in poverty, destitution.

171

...

egestate dege7'e

su77i77ia egestate

or 77iendicitate esse

^to

be entirely

desti-

tute

to

be a beggar.
to

sftpe77i colligere

beg alms.

stipevi (J>ecunia77i) coTtferre

to contribute alms.

56

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

IT.

UTILITY ADVANTAGE HARMDISADVANTAGE

iisu esse

Usui or ex

to

be of

use.

utilitatem afferre^ praebere

to

be serviceable.

multu??i (nihil)

ad

C07n7?iune7n utilitatem afferre

to consid-

erably (in
aliquid in

no way) further the common good. usum suum conferre to employ in the further-

ance of one's

interests.

omnia ad suam

utilitatem referre
in everything

to consider one's

own

advantage
rationibus

alicuius prospicere"
officere^
-

or consulere (opp.
obstare, adversari)

to

look
person's
fare.

after,

guard

interests,

wel-

commodis alicuius

servire

co77imoda alicuius tueri

77ieae

rationes ita tulerunt

(uberri77i2'i77t)

my interests demanded

it.
^

fructum

capere, percipere, consequi

ex aliqua re

aliquid

to derive (great) profit,

re

advantage from a thing.

fructus ex hac

redundant in or ad 7/ie

(great)

advantage

accrues to

me

from

this.

ad

7?ieu7n fructu77i

redundat

am

benefited by a

thing.

quid attinet? with

cui bono
?

Infin.

who gets the advantage from

?

what

is

the use of?

this ?

who

is

the

interested party

aliqua re

hlso frtictwn alicuius rei capere, percipere^ f^yc, consequi ex e.g. vii'tutisfructus ex re publica [magnos, laetos, uberes)

capere=\.o be handsomely rewarded by the state for one's high character.

HA KM GOOD WILL
dmiinum (opp. .^
dainiio affici
.

57

lucrimi) facere '

/

to
\
,

surfer
i

rr

loss,

harm,

damage.
sacrifice.

detrimentiim capere^ acapere, facere

iacturam

alicuius rei facere

to

throw away,
to

damnum

inferre^ afferre aliciii

to

do harm

to,

injure any

one.
da??iftum ferre

to

know how
aliquem

to

endure calamity.
inconvenience, injure a

incomniodo

afficere

person.

incommodis

?fiederi

to relieve a difficulty.

damnum

or detrmientu7n sarcire (not reparare)

to

make
by

good, repair a loss or injury.

dammtm

compensare cimi aliqua re

to balance a loss

anything.
res repetere

res restituere

to

demand

restitution, satisfaction.

to give restitution, satisfaction.

1 2.

GOODWILL KINDNESS INCLINATIONFAVOUR

animo
esse in

benevolo

aliquem

to

be
towards

well-disposed
. . .

benevolentiam habere erga aliquem^

benevolentiam, favorem, voluntateni alicuius sibi conciliare

^

Notice too calamitatem, cladem, iricoinmodtim accipere, to suffer

;

mishap, reverse, inconvenience

naiifragium facere, to be shipespecially of worldly possessions;

',

wrecked.
-

daimnim

(opp.

/z^(rrz^;;i;)

= loss,

detrhnentiim (opp. e?)iolwnentu!n)\\:i.xm. inflicted by oihtx?,

fraiis

deceitful injury; iactura (properly

"throwing overboard ")= the

intentional sacrifice of something valuable in order either to avert

injury or to gain
itocet,

etc.,

some greater advantage. " Harmful " = mz//z7w, qui not noxhis, which is only used absolutely e.g. homo

noxius, the offender, evildoer.

58

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

or coUigere {ex aliqua

re) to
good

find favour with

some

one

to get into their

graces.

benevoie7itia}n alien i praestare^

in aliquem conferre

benevolentia aliijuein complecti

to

show kindness

to

or prosequi
gratiosiim esse alien i or apiid
to
aliqiie7n

be popular with

to stand

in gratia esse

apud aliquem
apud\

well with a person.

multum

valere gratia

aliquem
florere gratia alicuius

^^
J

^^

^^S^^>' ^^^'O^^ed
.

by;
. .

to

^' influential with

gratiain

inire ab aliquo or

apud
to gain a person's esteem,

aliquem
in gratiam alicuius venire

friendship.

gratiam alicuius

sibi quaerere, sequi,

more
;

strongly aucupari

to court a person's favour

. . .

to ingratiate oneself

with

studere, favere alicui

studiosum

esse

alicuius
esse
esse

propenso ani^no^ studio

oxpropensa voluntate

to

look favourably upon

support.

to

in aliquem (opp. averso

animo
alicui

esse

ab aliquo)
gerere, obsequi
;

morem
wishes

to

comply with a person's

be favourably disposed
to

to
^

humour.

alicuius causa

velle or cupere

to

towards.

gratum {gratissimum)
favour.
^

alicuifacere

do any one a

(great)

Probably originally

^;//y?m

<7:/zV?V/j-

catisa velle

= io

wish every-

thing (favourable) in

some

one's behalf.

BENEFIT GRA TITUDERECOMPENSE

se

59

conformare, se accovimodare\

ahcuius voluntait morein ^erere\

se convertere^

,..,.,
ad
,

,.

to
V

accommodate
another
,
,

,_

onesclr to

ahcicius vomntate??i

wishes.
to

converti

ad

aliciiius
;

imtiim

take one's

directions from another

to

obey him

in everything.

totum

se finge7'e et

acconwiodare
at the

ad

alicuius

arbitrhnn et
;

niitum

to

be

beck and

call of

another

to

be

his creature.

voluntatem or animiim alicuius a

abalienare or alienare

se abalienare,

aliquem a

se

to

become

estranged, alien-

ated from some one.

13.

BENEFIT GRATITUDE RECOMPENSE

^

be7ieficiiim aliciii dare, tribuere

beiieficio aliquejji afficere,

to

do any one a service

or kindness.

ornare^

beneficia in alique7n conferre

beneficiis

to

heap benefits upon

devincire

aliqueiii

obstringere,

ob/igare,

to

lay

any one under an obligation by kind treatment.

beneficiu7n

re^fiunerari

or reddere {cumulate^

to

to

(richly)

recompense a kindness or service.

gratus (opp.
iiigratiis)

animus ^
to

grafiam alicui debere

gratitude.
;

owe

gratitude to

be under

an obligation to a person.
^

But

se co7ivertere

intention, or (2) to turn to

-

ad aliquem = e\\hQX (i) to approach with hostile some one for sympathy or assistance.
similarly
cuiimiis
in

animus

is

used

several

periphrases

to

express
severity;

abstract qualities

e.g.

z>z^jr<?rrti^z7zV
;

= inflexibility,
{fides
)

aninnis
venality.

implacabilis
Cf.

implacability

animus

venalis

simp/ices mores, simplex nafrira, ratio, genus =

?,\vci-

plicity {simplicitas is post- Augustan

and usually = frankness, candour).

{oblivio in this sense
is

immcmor
ical).

/;z^''(?;z///;//

= forgetfulness

not class-

6o

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

gratiam alicui habere

to feci gratitude (in one's heart).

gmtiam alicui referre {ineritam, show gratitude (in one's

gratias alicui agere pro aliqua

debitam) pro aliqiia re

acts).

to

re to thank

a person (in

words).
grales agere (dis immortalibus)\o give thanks to heaven.

gratiam mereri\o merit thanks

action.

to

do a thankworthy

par pari

referre
J.

v.^w^ paribus ^ V, J paria respondere

Ko
I

return like for

like.

bonain (praeclaram) gratiam referre

give manifold recompense
benefacta maleficiis pensare
77ialeficia benefactis

to

reward amply

to

for.

to return evil for good.

rem^merariX
.

pro

r 1 r J J maleficiis beneficia reddere

J

Ko
I

return ^ good for evil

14.

MERITVALUEREWARD
{7nelius,

be?ie^

praeclare

optime)

mereri^
;

de aliquo
to

to

deserve well at some one's hands

to
.
. .

do a

service

male mereri de aliquo

badly.

to deserve

ill

of a person

to treat

meritufn alicuius in or erga aliquem

at another's hands.

^vhat a

man

merits

nullo 7neo
ex^

fiierito

pro merito
ance

according

had not deserved

to a

it.

man's

deserts.

multiwi ialiquid) alicui rei tribuere

;

to consider of import-

to set

much (some)

store

by a

thing.

mereri
it.

is

a middle verb, and consequently always has an adverb

with

RE Q UES TS WISHES COMMISSIONS ORDERS

viultiun alicui tribuere

to value,

esteem a person.
aliquein
afflcere
^

praemiis

{amplissiinis^

maximis)

to

remunerate (handsomely).
meritum prae??imni
aliaii persolvere

according to his deserts.

praemhcm

exponere

or p)roponere

to

reward a

man

(to

encourage) by

offering a reward.

praejfiuwi ponere

to offer a prize (for the winner).

palmain

deferre, dare alicui aiiferre

palmam ferre,
thing.

to

award the prize

prize.

to

to

win the

pacta merces alicuius rei

the
to

stipulated reward for any-

mercede conductum esse

be hired, suborned.

1 5.

REQUESTSWISHES COMMISSIONSORDERS
opere. vehementer.
.

orare et obsecrare aliguem

inamo

.to etiam
\
|

entreat earnestly
.

to

7-

make urgent

requests.

aiqtie

eiiam rogare aliqueni

precibus aliquem fatigare

supplicibus verbis orare

precibus obsequi

to

importune with

petitions.

to crave

humbly

to supplicate.

to grant a request.

alicui petenti satisfacere,

non

deesse

to

to

accede to a man's

petitions.

magnis {infimis) precibus moveri

be influenced by, to

yield to urgent (abject) entreaty.

^

Notice the numerous phrases of which

Especially important
;

afficere

is

a part

e.g.
ajjici
;

afficere aliqtiem

admiratione, beneficio^ exilio, honore, iniiiria, laude,

is its

poejta, siippJicio.

passive use

e.g.

admiratione, to admire
dolore, to

gaudio, vohcptate, to rejoice, be pleased

;

be pained, vexed

poena, to suffer punishment.

62
negarc,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

more
strongly denegare
aliciii illiquid

petenti alicui negare aliquid

-to refuse, reject

a request.

repudiare, aspernari preces alicuius.

J

nihil tibi a

me

postulanti recusabo

will

refuse

you

nothing.
aliquid ab aliquo impetrare

to gain one's point with

any

one.
optata inihi contingimt

voluntati alicuius satisfacere^

my wishes are being obsequi

;

fulfilled.

to satisfy a person's

wishes.

ex sententia
aliquid

as

one would wish

to one's

mind.
to wish

optii7iis

ominibus prosequi

{vid. p.

88 note)

prosperity to an undertaking.
befie

id

tibi

vertat I

~\

wish

you

all

success

in

the

matter.

mandatum^ negotium

alicui dare] to entrust a

J

matter to a

negotium ad aliquem deferre

person ; to commission.

mandatum

exsequi, persequi, conficere

to execute a

com-

mission.
iussa (usually only in plur.), imperata facere

to carry out

orders.

1 6.

FRIENDSHIP ENMITYRECONCILIATION
(cf. xii. 8).

amicitiam cum aliquo jutigere, facere,

inire,

contrahere

to

form a friendship with any one.

a7iiicitiam colere

uti aliquo

amico

to
to

keep up,

foster a connection.

be friendly with any one.

FRIENDSHIP ENMITY RECONCJLIA TION

est

63

or intercedit 7nihi aliquo amicitia

cum'\
1

am on good
a person.

(bad) terms with

sunt or intercedunt mihi

cum aliquo
with
artissimo

ini7nicitiae

uti aliquo familiariter

.
.
.

to

be on very intimate

terms

amicitiae

vinculo

or

siwinia fainiliaritate

cimi

aliquo coniunctum esse

ties of friendship.

to

be bound by the closest

vetustate

amicitiae

coniunctum

esse

to

be

very

old

friends.

amicitiam alicuius appetere

ship.

to court a person's friend-

in amicitiam alicuius recipi\

ad

...
amicitia7?i

to

gam some one

.
.

,..,,. s iriendship
. .

alicuius

seV
to
I

become mtimate

with.

conferre^ se applicare

aliquem (tertium) ad (in) amicitiam ascribere

to

admit

another into the circle of one's intimates.

ajnicitiam renimtiare
to

renounce,
friendship.

give

up

amicitiani dissuere^ dissolvere,

praecldere

amicissimus metis or mihi

my best

friend.

homo

infimus, fajniliarissimus

7?iihi

my

most intimate

acquaintance.
inimicitias gerere,

habere,

exercere ctwi

aliquo

to

be at

enmity with a man.

initnicitias ciwi aliquo suscipere

to

make

a person one's

enemy.
inimicitias deponere

aequt iniqiii
^

friend and

fo lay aside one's differences.

foe.
is

The

singular iniviicitia

only used to express the abstract idea

"enmity."

64

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

alicici

placare alique7n

or

{71}

aliquem
reconciliare alicuius aniniuiji

to reconcile

two people

to

or simply alique77i
171

alicici
cu77i

be a mediator.

gratiatn

aliqiie77i

aliquo reducere
i7i

gratia7n

cuf7i

aliquo redire
to

sibi alique77i^ alicuius a7ti7?iu77i

reco7iciliare

be reconciled

to

make

or

reco7iciliari

up a

quarrel.

alicui

17.

AUTHORITY DIGNITY
\
\
.

(cf. xiv.

3)

77iag7ia auctoritate esse

.

-.

auctoritate valere ox fiorere

77iag7ia auctoritas est in
77iultu7Ji

to possess great authority -^

'

aliquo

to be an influential person.
\

auctoritate valere^ posse

apud aliquem
to
77tag7ta

have great influence

with a person
;

auctoritas

alicuius

est

apud aliquem
alicuius auctoritas 77iultum valet

to

have

considerable weight.

apud

alique77i

auctoritatcTTt or dig7iitate77i sibi coTiciliare^

parare

to gain

dignity

to

make

oneself a person of consequence.

ad

su77i77ia77i

auctoritate77i perveTiire

to

attain

to

the

highest eminence.
auctoritate77i alicuius amplificare

(opp.

i77i7?iinuere^ 77iinuere)

to increase a person's dignity.

auctoritatij dig7iitati alicuius illudere

to insult a person's

dignity.
digTiitas est su77i77ia
su77i77ia dig7iitate
i7i

aliquo

to

be

in a dignified posi-

praeditum

esses

tion.

PRAISE
aliqiiid

APPRO VAL BLAME RE PROA CH

\

65

alienum (a) dignitate sua

or merely a se diicere
aliquid infra se ducere or infra
se positinn arbitrari
I

to

consider

thing

beneath one's dignity.

18.

PRAISE APPROVAL BLAME REPROACH

laudeni tribuere, impertire alicui^

laude afficere aliquein

to
{jnaxiniis^
efferre

praise,

extol,

com-

siifumis)

laudibus

mend

a person.

aliquem or aliquid

eximia laude ornare aliquem

omni laude
eulogy.

ciwiulare

aliquem

to

overwhelm

with

laudibus aliquem {aliquid) in caelum ferre^

to extol, laud to the skies.
alicuius laude s praedicare

efferre^ tollere

aliquefn

beahmi praedicare
.

to spread a person's praises. to consider to

happy.
.

omniujn undique laudem

colli^ereX

maximam ....
adipisci

ao o?nnious

.,

laudein \
J

wm
.

golden opmions

from every one.

aliquid laudi alicui ducere^

dare

to

consider a

thing

creditable to a man.

aliquem coram^ in os ox praesentem laudare

to praise a

man
recte^

to his face.

bene fecisti

quod
.

you were

right in

you

did right to
7-es

a meets with my approval, a me probatur express my approval of a thing. hoc reprehendo (not ob eain rem) blame
mihi probatur
"thing
res
I

in te

this

in

you

censure you for

F

this.

66

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

.

vitupei'atmiem subire \ to -. . , ^ , in vimperaiio?te??i, reprehensionem \

7
.

suffer

reproof:

to

.,

caaere^ tnaaere, ventre

be criticised, blamed.

exprobrare alicui aliquid

a/i{/m'd a/ian

\
. .
.

crimmi dare, \-torepro3ichapersonwiih

J

vertere

conqueri, expostulare
late with a

cum

aliquo de aliqua re

to expostu-

person about a thing.

19.

RUMOUR GOSSIP NEWS MENTION

ser7?io est

rumor, fama,

or

manat

rumor, fa7?ia viget

a rumour

report says
prevalent.
is

people

say.

is

fama
rumor

serpit

{per urbem)

report

spreading imper-

ceptibly.
increbrescit

a
KO

report,

an impression

is

gaining

ground.

rumorem

spargere\
.

jamam

J.

-.

spread a rumour.

dissipare

dubii rumores afferuntur

ad nos

vague rumours reach

know from
. , . I

us.

auditione et fama accepisse aliquid\ Ko r J T -J Jjando aliquid audivisse

hearsay. ^

ex eo audivi,

cu7?i diceret

heard him say

vulgo dicitur, pervulgatum est

in 07X
077i7iiu77i

every one
to

says.

or

077i7iibus {ho-

miniwi or
only

ho77iinibus,

but

be

in every one's

mouth.

7tiihi, tibi,

etc.) esse

per
in

077i7iiu77i

oraferri
aliquid (Fam.
6.

ore habere thing,

18.
it.

5)

to

harp

on a

be always talking of
aliquid
i7i

efferre

or

edere

vulgus

to

divulge,

make

public.

GOSSIP NE WSMEN TIONFAME

foras
efferri^

67

palam fieri, percrebrescere,

exire,

divulgari, in mediu7n

proferri,

ejnanare

to

become known,

be-

come
in sermonein
,
.

a topic of

common
KO be

conversation (used of

things).

hoininum venire]
,

a subject for gossip.

in ora vulgi abire

fabulam fieri
allato

to be the talk of the town, a scandal. nuntio or on receiving the news. allatum jRomam nuntiatuni news reached Rome.
accepto
est,

est

certiore7n facere aliqueni {alicuius rei

or de aliqua re)

to

inform a person.

mentionem facere alicuius

a thing.

rei or de aliqua re^

to

mention

mentionem
Ace.
in

inicere de aliqua re ox

c. Inf.

to
rei incidere
j

mention a thing

in-

mentionem alicuius

cidentally, casually.

7nentio alicuius rei incidit

20.

FAME REPUTATION
sibi

gloriam,

famam

comparare

to gain distinction.

gloriam {immortalem) consequi, adipisci

to

win (undying)

fame.
gloriae, laudi esse\ to

confer distinction on a person

to

laudem

afferre

redound

to his credit.
illustrious.

gloria, laude florere

summa gloria florere

of eminence.
^

to

be very famous,

to

have reached the highest pinnacle

Not

co)?t79iefnorare,

the fundamental
.
. .

make

a person mindful of

,"

meaning of which is "to and implies an emphatic reference

to a definite point.

68

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

nobilitari, illnstrari
cla-

darimt fieri,

(not the post-classical

rescere or indarescere)

to

become famous,
tinguish oneself.

dis-

gloriam

colligere,

in

summam
afficere\\.o

gloriam venire
aliquem immortali gloria
confer undying fame
on, immortalise

aliquem sempiternae gloriae com- \

some
attain

mendare
immortalitate7n
consequi,

one.
sibi

adipisd,

parh-e

to

eternal renown.
gloria

dud

laudis studio trahi

Vto be guided by ambition.

laudem, gloriam quaerere\

sfimulis gloriae condtari
gloriae,

to

be spurred on by ambition.
esse,

laudis

cupiditate

incensum

flagrare

to

be
a

consumed by the
de gloria,

fires

of ambition.
\

fama

alicuius detrahere

to

detract

from

alicuius gloriae

or

simply alicuiy

person's reputation,
wilfully

obtredare
alicuius famam, laudem imminuere

underesti-

obscurare alicuius

aliquem)

mate a person. amain ^ (not obscurare gloriam, laudem, f

to render obscure, eclipse a person.

famae

servire, consulere

to

have regard

for one's

good

name.
fa??iam ante colledam
reputation.
bene, 7nale audire {ah aliquo)
\

tueri,

conservare

to live

up

to one's

to

have a good or bad

reputation, be spoken
well,
ill

bona,

mala existimatio

est

de V
J

aliquo
^

of.

In the same way, to improve a man, aliaiius mores corrigere

c.)
;

(not aliquem

to understand

some one, alicuius

orationejii

or

quid dicat

iiitellegei'e.

REPUl 'A 7 UON'IIONO UR

faniam
crudelitatis siibire (Catil.
4.
6.

69

12)

to gain

the

reputation of cruelty.

infamiam
C07iflare

alicui inferre, aspergere,

to

damage a person's character, bring him

into

infamem facere
tion

aliqiiein

bad odour.

magnajji sui fcDuain relinquere

to leave a great reputa-

behind one.
virtutis

opinionem

habere

to

have the reputation

of

virtue.

existimatio^

hominu7n^

omnium

the

common

opinion,

the general idea.

21.

HONOUR DISGRACE IGNOMINY

esse in

honore apud aliquein

to

be honoured, esteemed

by some one.
honorem
alicui habere, tribuere

a/wuem
alique?n

honore

amcere,
.,

to

honour, show
spect
for,

re-

ornare^ prosequi {via. note, p. 88)

cupiditate

.,

au^ere. \ '

^ox

a person.

cupiditatetn

honorum inflammare honorum infla7n7fiare)

(or
to

aliquem ad
kindle

am-

bition in

some one's mind.

honores concupiscere (opp. aspernari)

to aspire to dignity,

high honours.
honoris causa aiiquem no7Jiinare or appella7'e

to

speak of

some one
statua77i

respectfully.

alicui ponere, C07istituere

to set

up a statue

in

some
^

one's honour.
two uses:
active opinion held by others, reputation, character, usually in a good sense,
(i)

existiniatio has
;

criticism

(2) passive

consequently good reputation without the addition Qibo7ia, integra^

etc.

70

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

19) to pay respect to, be courteous to a person. aliquem igno?mma afficere, notare\ to inflict an indignity alicui ignominiam inurere upon, insult a person. J infamiam concipere, subire, sibi conflare~io incur ignominy.
vifae
sple7idori {em) 7Jiaculas {is) aspergere
fair
nota77t

alique77i colere et ol?servare {Ait. 2.

to sully one's

fame.
to injure

turpitudmis alicui ox vitae alicuius iTiurere a man's character, tarnish his honour.
noTi

ig7t077ii7tia77i

ferre~to chafe under

an

indignity,

repudiate

it.

macula77i {co7icepta77i) delere, eiuereto blot out a reproach.

22.

EFFORT INDUSTRY LABOUR EXERTION

dare take great pains in order to
77iaxi77ie)
.

sfudiose {dilige7tter,

eTiixe,

sedulo,

opera77i,
.

ut

to

egregia77i opera77i {77iultu7n,

etc.

plus

operae) dare alicui rei

alicui
rei
tribuere,
Iti

operai7i

to

aliquid co7iferre
opera77i
{labore77i^

expend great labour on a thing.

cura77i)

i7i

or

ad aliquid

i77ipendere
i7t

77iultu77i

operae ac laboris C07isu77iere

aliqua re

to exert

oneself very energetically in a matter.

studiiwi,
i7idustria77i

(not

dilige7itia77i)

collocare, poTiere

i7i

aliqua

re to

apply oneself zealously, diligently to

a thing.
i7tcu77ibere in

{ad) aliquid \o be energetic about, throw-

one's heart into a thing.

EFFOR TIND USTR Y LABOUR EXERTION

opiis^ facere

(Dq

Senect.

7.

24)

to

do work

(especially

agricultural).

opus aggredi

to take

a task in hand, enit.

ad opus faciendiuii
res est

accedere\
et

gage upon

multi /aborts

sudoris

the matter involves

(De
Senect.
11.

much

labour and fatigue.

desudare
et elaborare in

aliqua re

38)

to

exert oneself very considerably in a matter.

iabori, operae

non parcere

labore7n

non

inter77iittere

to

to spare

no

pains.

to

work without intermission.

nullujn tempus a labore interniittere

for

not

to leave off

work

an

instant.
i.

lucubrare (Liv.

57)

work by

night,

burn the mid-

night

oil.

inanem laboi'em

suscipere

ope7'ani {et oleutii)

perdere or Vto lose one's labour.

\

frustra consm?iere

rem actam or simply

actu77i

agere (proverb.)

to

have

all

one's trouble for nothing.

labore supersedere {iti7teris)

(Fam.

4.

2.

4)

to spare one-

self the trouble of the voyage.

patiens laboris

fugiens laboris

operae pretiu77i est

capable of
lazy.
(c.

exertion.

Inf.)

it is

worth while.

acti labores iucundi (proverb.)

rest after toil is sweet.

opus always means the concrete work on which one

is

is

engaged;
is

labor

the trouble, fatigue,

effort,

resulting

from

effort

opei'a

the

voluntary

the troujble spent on an object.

to

simply to

work, but
;

work

energetically,

Thus laborare = no\. with exertion and

Terence thus and opera : quod in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae. Cf. Verg. Aen. i. 455 operiwique laboreni mii'atur = \he. trouble which such huge works must have cost.
operari, to be busy with a thing.

consequent fatigue
distinguishes opus

12

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

contentionem adhibere

to exert oneself.
re"

omnes nervos^ in aliqua

contendere

omnibus viribus or nervis

tendere, ut

co7i-

to

strain every

nerve,

do

omni ope atque opera or omni \

viriiwi contentioiie eniti, ut
conteridere et iaborare, ut

one's utmost in a matter.

pro viribus
ut

eniti et laborare,

23.

BUSINESS LEISUREINACTIVITY IDLENESS

affair.

negotium suscipereto undertake an negotium obire, exsequi to execute,

manage

a business,

undertaking.
negotiufu conficere, expedire, transigere

to arrange, settle

a matter.
negotia agere, gerere~to

be occupied with business, busy. multis negotiis implicatum, districtuin, distentum, obriituni
esse

to

be involved

in

many

undertakings

to

be

much

occupied,

embarrassed,

overwhelmed by

business-claims.
negotiis vacare

to

be free from business.

nervi properly = sinews, muscles, not nerves the existence of to the ancients. Metaphorically nervi denotes not only strength in general but also specially (i) vital power,
^^

which was unknown

elasticity, e.g. onines ne7'vos virtiitis elidere inctdere, to paralyse the strength of virtue (2) ;

(Tusc.

2.

11.

27),

motive power, mainspring, essence, of a thing, e.g. vectigalia nervi rei ptddicae sunt (Imp. Pomp. 7. 17), nei-vi belli pecunia (Phil. 5. 2. 15}.

B USINESS LEISURE INA C TI VI TY- - IDLENESS

occiipatiim esse in aligua re\ ^

73

intentiim esse

... alicui
rei

>to be

engaged upon a matter.

negoHum

alicui facessere (Yiixw. 3. 10. i)

to give a person

trouble, inconvenience him.

magniu7i 7iegotium est

to
.

c.

Inf.

it

is

a great undertaking

niillo negotio

without any
to

trouble.

otiosum esse
i?i

otio esse

or vivere

be

at leisure.

otium habere
otio friii
I

otio

abundare

to

have abundance of

leisure.

otiiwi sequi, ainplexari

to

be a lover of ease,

leisure.

otiosum tenipus consumere in aliqua re

leisure hours
otio

to

spend one's

on an

object.
transferre

abuti ^ or otimn

ad suum usum

to use up,

make
{ifi)

full

use of one's spare time.

otio

languere et hebescereX to grow slack with inactivity,

J
]

otio diffluere

stagnate.
to

desidiae et languori se dedere

ignaviae'^ et socordiae se dare\

abandon oneself to activity and apathy.

in-

per luxum

et

ignaviam

aetatetn agere

to pass one's life in

luxury and idleness.

^ almti properly = to consume, make full use developed the rarer meaning to use in excess,

of.

P^rom

this

is

<i\:)\\%Q. perverse,

intei)iperanter,

iiniiioderate

uti.

Abuse,

mvsXf&o.praviis
is

iisus,

vitiuni male iitentitivi, insoleiis vios.

Jurists,
^

abusus

only found in the

and ahisio

is

a technical term of rhetoric

= K'ardxp77crts.
cf.

The

original meaning. of ?^;zawa {in-gnaviis,

vavtis, 7iavare)

is

not cowardice but laziness.

74

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

24.

PLEASURE RECREATION
or percipere

voluptatem

ex aliqiia re capere

to

derive

pleasure from a thing.

voluptate perfu7idi~\Q

revel

in

pleasure,

be

blissfully

happy.
voluptatibus frui
voluptates
se
\

hauriref"

'^*'"

"^'=

'^"

"^ ^"Joyment.

totiim

voluptatibus dedere^

tradere

to

devote oneself

absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure.

homo

voluptarius (Tusc.

2. 7.

18)

a devotee
^''
^""^

of pleasure

a self-indulgent man.
voluptath
illecebris

dekniri

'

^'^'""y'

irrupted

m/uJ,M/s

blanditiis

corrumpi f

^^ "^^ ^"""-ements of pleasure.

life

in voluptates se mergere

to plunge into a

of pleasure.
all

animum a

voluptate

sevocare

to

hold aloof from

amusement.
voluptates {corporis)

sensual
wanton

pleasure.
5.

voluptatis or aninii causa (B. G.

12)

for

one's

own

diversion
deliciis diffluere

to satisfy a

whim.
or simply se

to

in the pleasures of sense.

reficere, se

anif?ium relaxare,

reficere, recreare

recreare, refici^ recreari (ex aliqua re)

self,

to recruit one-

seek relaxation.
ref?iittere\
1

animum

or simply se
sibi

amino or simply

/77

indulgerex

Ko mdulge

oneself.

GENIUS TA LENT INTELLIGENCE

VI.
I.

75

THE MIND;

ITS

FUNCTIONS

GENIUSTALENT INTELLIGENCE
animo
esse

7tiagno

to

be magnanimous, broad-minded.

am7?iiwi attendere
thing.

ad

aliqiiid

to turn one's attention to a

diligenter attendere (aliquid)

alias res or

almd

agere

anwio adesse^

be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind.

(i) to
in^enio. ingeniosus\
,.

to attend carefully.

to

be inattentive.

vir

mamo

Va
J

man

of ability.

.,,

vir fnagno tngenio praeditiis

mgenio valere

ingenii

be very ingenium natural ingeniwn sharpen the acumen penetration (opp. dulness of or weakmindedness. mentis be of sane mind. mente be out of one's
tngenio abundare
7iatura et

to be talented, gifted. to

talented.

gifts.

acuere

to

wits.

sagacity.

ingenii tarditas

celeritas)

intellect.

ingenii infirmitas

imbecillitas

compotejn esse

to

niente captwti esse,

alienata esse

to

mind.
sanae mentis esse
mentis

to

be of sound mind.
officere

quasi luminibus
caligi7ie77i

{vid.

p.

208)

or

animo

offundere
77iente

to obscure the
valere'^

mental

vision.

intellegentia

or

7/iultu7n

to

possess great

ability.
^

For the second meaning

captus,

cf.

Cicero,

ades ani?no et omitte

timorem, Scipio.
2

in

the meaning ability,

est

capacity, only occurs in

the

phrase ut captus

nervorum

while

capacitas

merely means

capacity, content, e.g. vasortnn.

76

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ad mtellegeniiam coinimmem or popiclarem accommodare aliquid to accommodate something to the stand-

ard of the popular intelligence.

2.

IMAGINATION THOUGHT
aliquid fingere (or'
to

ani7iio, cogiiatione

simply fingere, but without sibi\

informare
ajtimo concipere aliquid

form an idea of
a
thing,

imagine,

conceive.
i.

animo, cogitatione aliquid praecipere {O^.

cogitatione sibi aliquid depingere
ingeniu77i, cogitatio

2^.

8i) to

form a conception of a thing beforehand.

ingenii vis or celeritas

imagination.
\

to picture to oneself.

vivid, lively imagination.

7'erum imagines

rescogitationefictaeo.depictaeY'^^^'''^''

^^ ^^^ imagination.

opinionum co7nmenta,

ineptiae,

7nonstra, portenta

extra-

vagant fictions of fancy.

ani77io,

mente, cogitatio7ie aliquid C077iprehe7idere, C077iplecti

to grasp a thing mentally.

in ea7n cogitatio7ie7n incidere~to

happen

to think of

kaec cogitatio subit

illud succurrit
77iihi

ani77iu77i\

mihi

f"
obversatur

^^^^ '^'^^^' ^^^^

in 77iente7n venit alicuius rei

something
p.

comes
oculi)

into

my

mind.
77ieo

aliquid ani77io

(cf.

27,

s.

v.

vague notion presents

alique7n

itself to

my

mind.

ad

ea7n

cogitatione7n
. .

adducere ut
.

to

to

induce a

person to think that

alicuius ani77iu7n

ab aliqua re abducere

draw away

some

one's attention from a thing.

CONCEPTIONS IDEALS iERFECTION

cogitationem^ aniijium in aliquid intendere (Acad. 4. 46)

77

to

direct one's attention

omnes cogitatmies ad aliquid conferre

attention to a thing.
menfe7?i in aliqiia re defigere

to give

all

one's

to

to fix all one's thoughts

on

an object.
in cogitatione defixiwi esse

be deep

in thought.
9.

cogitationes in res humiles abicere

alte spectare^

(De Amic.

32) (opp.

ad

altiora fendere,

altum^ magnificum^

divinuin suspicere)

to study the

commonplace.

3.

CONCEPTIONS IDEALSPERFECTION
innatae

7totiones aninio {j7tenti) insitae,

innate

ideas.
i.

intellegentiae

adumbratae^ or incohatae {T>q Leg.

ideas.

vague, undeveloped
fiotione?n

22. 59)

or rationem alicuius rei in animo informare or

concipere

animo
thing.

absolutus et perfectus

form a absolutely
to
.
.

conception, notion of a

perfect.
2.

omnibus numeris absolutus (N. D.

detail.

13)

perfect

in every

ad summum perducere\
-

perficere et absolvere

Yto
I

brmg

to the highest perfection.

ad perfectionem, {ad su?nmu7n) pervenire

fection.
absolutio
et perfectio

to attain per-

(not

simtma

perfectio)

ideal

per-

fection.

adumbrare is a technical term of painting = to make a sketch, outhne of an object then metaphorically, to merely hint at a thing. Its opposite is exprunere, technical term of sculpture, = figuratively, to represent exactly, clearly. It never has the simple meaning " to
^
;

express."

78
cogitafione,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

non
re

ideally,

not

really.
\

undique expleta
species

et perfecta

forma
forma

optima

or

eximia^
species^

sped- Van ideal.

\

men^ also simply

cojnprehensam

quandam animo

speciem {alicuius ret) habere

thing.

to

have formed an ideal notion of a

singularem quanda7Ji perfectionis imaginem animo concipere

to conceive

an

ideal.

imaginem perfecti

oratoris adiimbrare

to sketch the ideal

of an orator.
civitas opti77ia^ perfecta Platonis \
ilia civitas
ilia civitas^

Platonis commenticia -Plato's ideal republic.

quam Plato finx it

4.

OPINION PREJUDICE CONJECTURE

^nanere^ pe7'manere^ perseverare^

in

sententia

perstare

to

abide by, persist in one's opinion.

illud^

hoc teneo

abide by this opinion.

a sententia sua discedere

de sententia sua decedereVto give
(de) sententia desistere

up one's opinion.

de sententia

deici, depelli^

deterreri

to

be forced to change

one's mind.
de sententia aliquem deducere, movere

to

make

man

change
aliquem ad
adducere

his opinion.

suaf?i se^itentiam

perducere or in

suam

sententia7n

to

win a

man

over to one's

own way

of

thinking.

ad

alicuius sententiam accedere^ se7ite7itiam alicuius sequi

to

adopt some one's opinion.

OPINION PREJUDICE CONJECTURE

idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliqud)
views.

79

to hold the

same

sententiam siiavi aperire^

to freely express one's opinions.

sententiain fronle celare, tegere

not

to betray one's feel-

ings by one's looks.

die

quid

sefttias

give

me
. .

your opinion.
.

piitem sum plura in eam sententiam disputare more fully on the same lines.
in hac
sententia, ut
tit 2it

think that

to discuss a subject

meafert opinio
mihi quidein
z;/^^/^^?'

^according to

my

opinion.

77iea {cjiiideni)

sentential
tot sententiae

quot homines^

many men, many minds.

be
imbibing
false
J

opiniones Jalsas

animo imbibere^o

opinionibus falsis imbui

opinionis error

opinions.

erroneous opinion.

opinio praeiudicata, also simply opinio {not praeiudiciu?n =z

a preliminary decision)
opinio eonjirmata, inveterata

prejudice. a rooted opinion.

to

opinio7ium pravitate infici

judices.
opinionu7?i

be

filled

with absurd pre-

commenta (N. D.

nwnstra or portenta

chimeras. marvellous ideas

2.
2.

5)

prodigies.

coniectura assequi, consequi^ aliquid coniectura colligere

to

conjecture.

quaiitum ego coniectura assequor, auguror

guess.

as far as I

can

coniecturam alicuius rei Jacere or capere ex aliqua re

infer
^ -

to

by comparison, judge one thing by another.

of.

se

aperire = io betray oneself;

dicere,

se indicare (Liv. 2.

12).

Not sententiam
;

which

is

used of senators giving their

vote

of.

suffragm7)i ferre.

8o

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

aliis)

de se {ex se de
oneself.

conieduram facere

""

to judge others

by

aliqiiid in coniechira posituut est\

aliguid coniectura

'

nititur,

con-

"

''

'"''"" ^

'="J'^<^-

Hnetur (Div.

'"''^'
i.

^"PPOSition.

14.

24)

probabilia coniectura seqiii

ties.

J to try to conjecture probabili-

aliquid ?nihi nee opinanti, insperanti accidit

thing has

happened contrary

to

my

expectation.

5.

TRUTH ERROR

vermn
otnnia

dicere, profiteri

to

speak the

truth,

admit the

truth.

ad

veritatem

dicere

to

be truthful

in

all

one's

statements.
veritatis

amans,

diligens, studiosus
esse

truthful

veracious.

a vera aversum
truth.

(Catil.

3.

i.

29)

to

be averse

to

veritate deflectere^ desciscere

to swerve

from the
truth.

truth.

veri videndi^ investiga?tdi cipiditas veri inquisitio atque investigatio

a vero abduci
proxi??ie

zealous pursuit of
truth.

love of

truth.

to

be led away from the

ad
.,

veriwi accedere

to

be very near the

truth.

a vero non abhorrere\

. .

ven

Vto be probable.
\

simile esse

haec speciosiora qua7n veriora sunt

this

is

more

plausible

than

true.

vera et falsa {afalsis) diiudicare

false.

to distinguish true

and

veni}}i

= ihe

truth, concrete

Veritas ixnih. in the abstract.

TRUTH^ERJWR
vera

8i

cumfahis confundere

Veritas

to

confuse true with

false.

veracity.

re (vera), reapse (opp. specie)

in truth

really.

in errore versari

to

be mistaken.
1
.

ma mo
,

errore teneri

to

be
,

in
,

gross

error,

seriously

in 77iamo errore versari V

venementer errare

misled.
J

erroribus implicari (Tusc. 4. 27. 58)

to fall into error.

per errorem

labi,

or simply labi

to take a false step.

aliquem in ei-rorem inducere, rapere

error.

to lead a

person into

errorein ani7?io inibibere

to get a

mistaken notion into

the mind.
errorem cu7n
lacte 7iutricis sugere

(Tusc.

3. i. 2)

to imbibe

error from one's mother's breasts.

error longe lateque diffusus
errore77i tollere
1

a wide-spread
an
error,
.

error.

to banish
errore7n

amputare ety
I

do away with a

false impression.
circu77icidere
errore77i

siirpitus

extrahere

to

totally

eradicate

false

principles.
errore77i

dep07tere,

corrigere

to

amend, correct

one's

mistake.
alicui errore77i de77iere, eripere, extorquere

to undeceive a

person.
7iisifallor
.

1
.

nisi

{anwms)

77ie

^ . Vif 1 jallit\

am

not mistaken.

nisi 077inia mefallu7it

unless I'm greatly mistaken.

82

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

6.

CHOICE DOUBT SCRUPLE

dare (Acad.
2.
7.

optionei7i alicui

19)

to give a

person

his choice.

optionem alicui dare, utrum

alternative of
in
. .
.

a7i
.

to offer a

person the

or

dubium vocare\

in dubiopoftere
in dubiiwi venire

f
to

^'"

<^"'''

"P" ^

'*''"&

become

doubtful.

quod aliquam
I. 4.

{7nag?ta?n)

dubitatiojiem
is

11)

a thing which
afferhir,

habet (Leg.

A^^r.

rather (very) dubious.

dubitatio

mihi

inicitur

doubt

arises

in

my

mind.
dubitationem alicui
tollere

to

relieve

a person of his

doubts.
aliquid
iti

inedio, in

dubio relinto
j

quere (Cael. 20. 48) aliquid dubiuf?i, incertum relinquere

leave

thing

un-

decided.

sine dubio (not sine ullo dubio)

all

without

doubt, beyond

doubt.

sine ulla dubitatione

without any

hesitation

without the

least scruple.

scrupulum ex animo alicuius

relieve a

evellere

(Rose.

Am.
37)

2.

6)

to

man

of his scruple.

unus 7nihi

restat scrupulus (Ter.

Andr.
still

5. 4.

(cf.

too

religio, p.

179) one

thing

makes me

hesitate.

,i

KNO WLEDGE CER TAINTY PERSUASION

83

7.

KNOWLEDGE CERTAINTY PERSUASION

(Arch. 12. 32)
\

certo {certe) scio^

know

for a fact.

probe

scio^

non

igtioro

non sum
(not

igfiariis^

nescius [l

know

very well.

7io?t

sum

insciiis)

me non fugit^ praeterit quantum scio\ _

.

J I
,

am

not unaware.

Vas far as 1 know.

J

quod sciam

hoc (not tanfuni) certum est

nliquid compertum habere

to

this

illud pro certo affirmare licet

much is certain. know a thing for certain. this much I can vouch for.
(certum) habeo

mihi exploratum

est,

exploratum

am

quite certain on the point.

inter

omnes constat
.

it is

a recognised
. .

fact.
.

mihi persuasum
...
77iihi

est'^^ ^

\\
\

am

persuaded, convmced.

persuasi

sic

habeto
tibi

persuade

convince yourself of
persuadeas

this

rest

velini tibi ita

sic

assured on this point.

volo

te tibi persuadere

adducor, ut credam
no?t

am
.

gradually convinced that

possiwi adduci, ut (credam)

believe that
.

cannot make

myself

ex

atii7)ii

mei

sententia

(vid.

p.

179)

according

to

my

strong conviction.
suo iudicio uti
"

to act

in accordance with one's convictions.

is

With

eerie scio,

which

the form Cicero usually employs, the

certitude lies in our knowledge, ce7-iuin est vie scire ; with certo scire

the certitude lies in the object of our knowledge.

certo

rarely

occurs except with

"

scio.

Caesar occasionally uses persiiaswn sibi habere.

84

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

8.

PLANADVICE DELIBERATION
re,

consilium capere, inire {de aliqua

with Gen. gerund.,

with

Inf.,

more

rarely ut)~X.o

form a plan, make a

resolution.
consilio desistereto give

up a

project, an intention.
let

coi2silium abicere or

deponereio

a plan

fall

through.

consilio deterreri aliqua

re~to be deterred from one's

intention by something.
mediocribus consiliis utiio adopt half-measures.
consilium, sententiam

mutare

to

alter one's

views,

in-

tentions.

suo

co?tsilio

uti^

to

go one's own way, proceed inde-

pendently.
mag?ia moliriiio be busy with ambitious projects.
consilia

cum

aliquo

co7n7nunicare'^

(i) to

communicate

one's plans to

some one;

(2) to
c.

make common
counsel.

cause with a person.

consilia inter se

Similarly

communicare

causa??t, rationem.

to take

common

aliquein in or

ad consilium

adhibere

to consult a person,

take his advice.

^

uti

is

similarly used

in

several

phrases, especially with the

practising, proving, etc., e.g.

meaning of having, showing, enjoying,

uti ventis seamdis, adversis praesenti ; of mind ; perpetua felicitate, to enjoy
crudelitate, to

show
;

titi, to show presence prudentia, severitate, bona valetudiiie, prospero fortunae Jlatti,
.
.

animo
.

to enjoy

cf. v.

6.

2 communicare {aliquid cum aliquo) means properly to share a thing with some one. From this are developed the two senses 1.

to give

some one something,

i.e.

e.g. consilia, laiidem,

gloriam alicuius
represented by

rei

2.

to receive a share of a

"To

thing, e.g. pericula, paupertatem.

communicate,"

to announce,

inform,

is

dicere, trade^-e, narrare, exponere, ceriioretn facere, etc.

PLAN AD VICEDELIBERA TION

consiUinn habere {de allqim re)
(of a

85

to

deliberate

together

number

of people).

consultare or deliberare {de aliqua re)

to deliberate, con-

sider (of individuals).

consiliis arcanis ijiteresse (Liv. 35.

18)

to

be present at

secret consultations.
consiliicui

dcwe alicui
,.
.

Vto give a person advice. auctorein esse aiicui, ut\

aliquem

co7tsi/io

{et

re)

iiivare

to

give

person

the

advantage of one's advice (and actual support).

consilii
?Jiet

copimii facio tibi

put myself at your disposal

as regards advice.

consilium petere ab aliqiw

consilii inopein esse

to

apply to a person for advice.

to

be perplexed.
2.

omnia

consilia frigent{\Q.xx.

25)

advice

is

useless in

this case

the situation

is

very embarrassing.

nullo consi/io,

nulla ratione,
;

temere

without
\

reflection

inconsiderately
secuni

rashly.

{cum aninio) reputare aliquid

to

think over,

considerare in^

cum animo, secum

aliquid

consider
thing.
9)

agitare (in) 7nenfe or {in)

animo aliquid
i.

J 3.

aliquid cadit in deliberationein (Off.

a
,

subject

becomes matter
re diligenter considerata.
.,
,
.

for reflection.

perpensa\
.

after
y

mature dehbera-

,.,

omnibus rebus circumspectis

.

imfa subductaque ratione

tion.
I

9.

RESOLVE DESIGN INTENTION

c.

i?i

animo habeo or mihi est in ani?no

it is

Inf.

am

resolved

my

intention.
est

cerium {jnihi)

am

determined.

^^

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

est
\

cerium deliberatumque

Stat jnihi sententia\uv. 21.

30)/^

""^

^'^^^ resolved.
.

incertus sum,

capiam~\ am undecided mihi non constat (with indirect question) I have not made up my mind.
consilii
est mihi c. Inf. I intend, propose to propositum, consilium tenere (opp. a proposito deterreri)-to abide by one's resolution.
. .

quid

propositum

propositum^ assequi, peragere~\.o carry out one's plan. magna sibi proponere or magna spectareio have
object in view
;

a high

to

be ambitious.

in incepto or conatu perstare\ in proposito susceptoque

silio

cotiMo persevere
I

in one's resolve.

permanere

iftcepto

or conatu desistereto give

up one's
for
.
.

project.

parare aiiquidto take measures

animum

.inducere

c.

Inf.

(not in
.

animum

inducere)--io

persuade oneself to
a me impetrare
to
.
.

?2on

possum, ?a~l cannot bring myself

descendere

ad

aiiquid,
.

ad omnia
consilia

{vid. note, p.
. . .

54) to

con-

sent to
descendere

.,

lend oneself to

ad extrema

(Fam.

10.

7^^.

4) to

have

recourse to extreme measures.

10.

OBJECT AIM HESITATION DELAY

q..

consiliu7n est

Inf. or ut\

idsequor^ut
^

jmy

intention

is

is still semi-adjectival and has the functions of a substantive; consequently it cannot be joined to a genitive, an adjective, or a pronoun. Cf the treatment o{factum, dictum, etc., in Augustan Latin.

In classical prose propositum

all

not yet acquired

OBJECT A IMHESITA TION DELA Y

spectare aliquid or
7'es

87

ad aliqidd

to have an object
.

in view.
.

eo

spectat^

ut

the
;

matter tends towards

.,

has

this object.^
res

spectat

ad vim {arma) there seems a prospect armed violence things look like violence.
. ,

of

id qiiod voluit consecutus est\ ... y he , , ad id quod voluit pervetiit

. .

...

attamed
to
.

his object.
?
r

quid
.-

tibi vis ?

what do you mean

do

quid hoc

sibi vult l\
.

quid hoc

Mvhat
J

is

the meaning 01 this?

of
.

rei est ?

eo co?isilio, ea me7ite, ut

with the intention

de industria^ dedita opera (opp. imprudens)

intentionally.

designedly

ad id

ipsuni

with

this very object.

infecta re (Liv. 9.

32)

to

no purpose;
i?iferre,facere

ineffectually.

morajH alicui rei

a thing.
in

afferre,

to retard, delay

mora

alicui esse

to detain a person.
10.
i.

nullam moram interpwnere^ quin (Phil.

all

i)

to

make

possible haste to

sine

mora or nulla mora

another.

interposita

diem ex die ducere, differre

without

delay.

to put off

from one day to

II.

REMEMBRANCE FORGETFULNESS
tenere aliquid
1
\

memorid

to

remember
fectly.

a thing per-

fnemoriam alicuius rei tenere

^

invasion
-

Note Athenae a Persis peluntur, the object of the Persian is Athens (Nep, Them, 2. 6).

The

aim, tendency of a writing or a

est,

poem

is

consilium^ quo Uher

scriptus

quo carmen coniposituju

est,

est,

or qiiod quis in libra scri-

hendo scciitus

not consilitcm

libri.

S8

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

recenti mei7ioria tenerc aliqidd

to have a vivid recollection

to

of a thing.

memorid

{niultiun) valere (opp.

7?iemorid vacillare)

have a good memory.

me7iiore7n esse (opp. obliviosum

esse)

mei7ioria

taTiia fuit^

ut
.
.

he
.

had such an extraordinary

of the
to

memory
7ne7norid labi

that

to make a

slip

memory.
heart.

7ne77ioriae 77ia7idare

aliquid^

ex

77ie77toria

(opp. de scriptd)
(i)

impress on the memory. from memory by

;

77ie77ioriter

with good

memory;
in

(2)

from personal

recollection.
77ie77ioria

custodire

to

keep

mind.

77ie77ioriam alicuius rei reTtovar^, revocare {rediTitegrare)

to

recall a thing to one's recollection.

77ie77ioria77i

alicuius rei repeiere\ to recall to

alicuius redire
\

mind a

thing or

iTi 77ie77ioria77i i7i 77ie7iioria77i

person.

alicuius redigere^ reducere aliquid {not revoca7-e)

grata

to recall a thing to a person's

recordatio

mind.

77ie77ioria et

vivid recollection.

77ie77ioria

alique77i prosequi"^"

to

show a thankful

appreciation of a person's kindness.

7t07ne7t

alicuius grato aTtimo prosequi

to think of a person

with a grateful sense of his goodness.

77te77ioria77i

alicuius rei repraese7itare (opp.

77ie77ioria7?i

alicuius

rei depOTtere, abicere)

^

to picture to oneself again.

heart;
2

this expression from ediscere which = to learn by from memoriae prodcre, tradere = \o hand down as tradition (wV/. p. no).

Distinguish
also

Prosequi used figuratively, with an ablative, occurs in several

phrases
ojfficiis,

e.

g.

prosequi aliquem honore

siiis ;

verbis honorificis ; beneficiis,

studiis

ominibus,

votis, lacrimis.

REMEMBRANCE-FORGE TFULNESS
memoriam
memoriam
gratam
alicuius rei conservare, retinere

89

to retain the

recollection of a thing.
alicuius pie inviolateque servare

affectionate regard for

{grafissi7?iam) alicuius

show an a person's memory. memoriam retinere to retain

to

a (most) pleasant impression of a person.

numqua)7i ex animo meo memoria

illius rei discedet

the

memory
vividly

of this will never fade from

my

mind.

aliquid in memoria nostra penitus insidet

a thing has been

will

impressed on

my memory.
make me

?uemoriam eius nulla umquain

delebit

(obscurabit)
2.

oblivio

nothing

ever

(Fam.

i)

forgetful of him.

semper memoria eius in {om7iiu7n) 77ientibus haerebit

7t077ien
j

suum
act.

posteritati aliqua

re C077i77ie7idare, propagare,

prodere

to win

renown amongst posterity by some

i77i77iortalitati tradere^ 77iandare^ co77i-

77ie77ioria77i no77iinis

sui

77iendare

to immortalise one's

name.

post ho77iinum 77iemoriani\

post

hwithm the memory of man.

7nemoriam^ (Brut.
16.

....

/i077tines

natos

77ie77i07nae

causa^

ad (not
of
. . .

in)

62)

in

memory

oblivio alicuius rei

me
to

capit

I forget

something.
i7t

aliquem in oblivio7iem alicuius rei adduce7'e (pass.

oblivio-

nem

venire)

make

a person forget a thing.

aliquid excidit

e 77ie77ioria^ effluit^ excidit

ex animo

a thing
niefjioriain

escapes, vanishes from the

^

memory.

One can

also say inonmnenti causa

Cf.

e.g.

aliquid alicui inonn-

inenti causa relinqiiere.

such turnings as alicuius

rejiovaj-e.

aliqua re prosequi, celebrare,

90

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

abiit^ abolevit

me?noria alicuius rei excidit,

the recollection

of a thing has been entirely

obliterari^ (Li v. 26. 41)

lost.

memoria
,,.
.
.

alicuius rei obscuratur,

1

obliteratur. evcifiescit

obliviom
,,.
iJi
.

esse,

dan

'to
.

be forgotten, pass into

,

oblivionem

adduci

(
I

oblivion.

oblivione obrui^ deleri, exsfinguiX

in oblivione iacere (of persons)

aliquid ab oblivione vindicare

mementote with Ace.

c.

Inf.

rescue from do not

to
forget.

oblivion.

12.

THEORY PRACTICE EXPERIENCE

doctrina

ratione^

(opp.

usii)

aliquid cognitum habere

thing.
2.

to

have a theoretical knowledge of a

ad

arte7n,

ad rationem

revocare aliquid ij)^ Or.

its

11.

44)

to reduce a thing to

theoretical principles

to apply theory to a thing.

doctrinam ad usujn adiungere

practice.

to

combine theory with

to

in rebus atque in usu versafum esse

have had practical

experience.

usu

"

praeditum

esse

to possess experience.
re habere

7nagnum.

usum

in aliqua

to

have had great

experience in a thing.
fjiultarum

rerum usus

varied, manifold experience.

This and the following expressions are useful to express the

passive of oblivisci.
^

Not

experientia,

which

in classical prose

means attempt,

proof.

EXPERIENCESCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
usic reriim {vitae^ vitae

91

covimu-

nis) edocti scimus

>we
e Xperti

know from

experience.

scimus^ didicimus

HSU co^nitum habemiis

res ipsa, usks
tells

rerum
this.

(cotidie) docet

everyday

experience

us

{reruni) imperitum esse

to

have had no experience of the

world.

multa acerba expertics

experiences.
iisiis

est^

he

has

had many painful

me

docuit

experience has taught me.

VII.

THE ARTS AND SCIENCES

KNOWLEDGE
LITERATURE
optijiiae,
;

I.

SCIENTIFIC

IN

GENERALmgeniiae
arts.

optiJiia

stiidia,

bonae,

Uberaks,

artes,

discipUnae

the sciences
\

the fine

Utterarum

"

studium or tradatio (not occupatid)

literary pursuits.

the study
literary

of belles-lettres

homines litteraru7n j-Z/^^/Wl learned,

hojnines docti
J

scientific,

men.

'

experiri

is

only used of personal experience.

litlera in sing.

nie viisiL
9)
;

In plur.

= letter of the alphabet, e.g. = I letters of the alphabet,

;

litferam niillaut

ad

characters

(cf.

viii.

2.

a letter {epistold)
;

3.

writings, books, e.g. graecae de philo-

sophia litterae
pursuits
;

4.

literature,
;

graecas litteras discere

erudition,

5.

literary

6.

science

7.

culture,

learning,

erant

in
et

eo pliiri}7iae lillerae,

neque eae vulgares, sed interiores qiiaedam

reconditae.

92

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

studia

artium

or

artes

vigejzf
is

(not

floreni)

learning,

scientific

knowledge
neglectae
is

flourishing.

Hiferae

iacent^

iacent^

scholarship,

culture,

literature
lltteras

colere

at a

low ebb.

to

be

engaged

in

the

pursuit

of

letters.
litteras ainplecti lltteras
\
,

aaamasse
,
,

to

be an enthusiastic devotee
of letters,

....
in

only in
-^

pert,

\ and plup.)

in

studio litterarmn pursuits.

versari

to

be engaged

literary

in aliquo lillerarum genere versari

to

be engaged

in

any

branch of study.

summo

studio in litteris versari

. .

to

be an ardent student

of

se totuni litteris tradere, dedere

to

devote oneself entirely

to literature.
se

totu7n

in

litteras

or

se

litteris

abdere

to

be quite

engrossed in literary studies.

in litteris elaborare

(De

Sen.

8.

26)

to

apply oneself very

closely to literary, scientific work.

in
litteris acquiescere

or conquiescere

to find recreation in

study.
aetatejii

in litteris ducere, agere

to devote one's

life

to

science, study.

omne

(otiosu??i)
all

tempus in

litteris

consu7?iere

to

devote

one's leisure

moments

to study.

omne studium
employ
^

in litteris collocare,
all

ad

litteras co?iferre

to

one's energies on literary work.

is

iacere metaphorically

used not only of things neglected and

(cf.

abandoned, but of persons

political influence.

frigere)

who have

lost

all

their

LITER A TURE
optimarum arthun
in,

studio

LEA RNINGER UDITION incensum be interested

93
esse

to

have a taste
.

for culture.
.
,
.

Iitteraru77i studio trahi\

...

trahi^ jerri

ad

,.

yto feel an attraction for study.

J

litteras

litterarum studia remittere

intermissa studia revocare

to relax one's studies.

to

resume one's
superficial

studies.

primis

{iit dicitiir)

or priinoribus labris gustare or attingere

litteras

to

have

knowledge,

smattering of literature, of the sciences.

litterae

literature.

litterae

ac

7?tonumenta,
;

or

simply

monumenta

written

records
litterae latifiae

documents.

Roman

literature.

clarissima litterarum lumina

shining

lights in the literary

world.
graecis litteris studere

to study

Greek

literature.

7nultu77i (niediocriter) in graecis litteris versari

to

be well

(slightly)

acquainted with Greek

literature.

2.

LEARNING ERUDITION

vir or ko77io doctus^ litteratus

a man a

of learning ; a scholar

a savant.
vir doctissi77ius

a great

scholar.

vir perfecte pla7ieque eruditus

dition.

man

of profound eru-

vir

077t7ti

doctri7ta eruditus

a man perfect
language and

in all

branches

of learning.

Cf.

Pro Caelio
is

12,

28 extremis ut dicitur digitis attingere.

of
literature,

latinus

only used

Rofuatius

of nationality.

'*

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

docti,

multi viri

or

vM et ii docti (not
;

mnlti docfiy-mt^ny

learned

men

many

scholars.

omnes

docti,

mr>n men.

,juivh doctus, doctissimus quisque~:,\\ learned

nemo doctus~no man of learning nemo mediocriter doa.s^no one with any pretence
education.

to

lalimsiiUens or /atine -/../.-acquainted language.

itl,

the Latin

bene' /aline doctus or scicns-^ good Latin scholar

doctnna abundare (De Or.

great learning.

3.

:6.

S9)_to be a man of

a doctrina mediocriter instrudum esse-~x.o have received only a moderate education.

doctrina exquisita,
subtilis,

scholarship.

elegans^^,ov.n^ knowledge^ '

doctrina reconditaprofound erudition. studia, quae in reconditis artibus

abstruse

versantur

(De

Or.

i.
'

2
'

8)

studies.

masnmn

doctrinae specian

ol great learning.

prae seferre~io pass as a man

hfe of a

vita umbratUis (vid p.

98)-the contemplative

Student.

Cic On, r to, id est pure et emendate, "^ loqui. If the stvio is \ adveH,scanbeadc,ea-e.,.;./,.4';:2:::^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^
itself cf
,

Such con,b.nat,ons are Seneca, and Quintilian.

especially

frequent

in

Tacitus

For lMe by

Veleius'

Not

solida,

which means properly entire mic^^Jv^

ERUDITION-- CUL TURE

litterarum
scientia))i

95

(only

in

sing.)

habere

to

possess

literary

knowledge.
consequt\to acquire knowledge of a
subject.

scie7itiam alicuius rei

scientia

comprehendere aliqiiidx

penitus percipere et comprehendere aliquid

(De

Or.

i.

23.

108)
sciefifia

to

have a thorough grasp of a subject.

augere aliqiiem

to enrich a person's

knowledge.

midta cognifa, percepta habere^

multa

didicisse

viultariun

rerum cognitione im-

to

be well-informed, erudite.

butiwi esse (opp. litterariwi

or eruditionis expertein esse

or [rerum] rudem esse)

3.

CULTURE CIVILISATION
excolere (not colere)

animum, ingenium
mind.
animi^ ingenii

to cultivate the

ciiltiis

(not culturd)

mental

culture.

optimis studiis or artibus^ opti-

marum
tum
esse

artium studiis erudi- to have received a liberal

education.

litteras scire litterae interiores et reconditae,

artes reconditae

profound
(De Sen.

scientific education.

sunt in

i/lo,

ut in honiine

Romano,
is

jjiultae litterae

4.
litteris

12)

for a

Roman he

decidedly well educated.

esse

leviter

imbutuni or tinctum

to

have received

a superficial education.

onmi

vita atque victu

25.

excultum atque expolitu7n

to

esse (Brut.

95)

to

have attained

high degree of

culture.

96

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

et
^

omnis cultus
pertem

humanitatis ex-

esse

ab omni cultu

'to

et hu77ianitate
i.
i.

be quite uncivilised.

longe abesse (B. G.

homifies,

3)

genfem a /era agrestique vita ad

civilemque deducere

(Do

Or.

i.

8.

humanum cultum 33) to civilise

men, a nation.

4.

EDUCATION -INSTRUCTIONSCHOOLPROFESSION
ingenue,

liberaUter,

bene

educari~io

receive

liberal

education.
severa disciplina co7ttineri~\o be brought
discipline.

up under

strict

aliquem ad humanitatem informare or instittiereio teach a person refinement.

mores alicuius corrigere-\.o improve a person.

in

viam reducere aliquem~to bring a person back

right way.

to

the

in via?n redire~to return to the right way.

litteras discere

institui or erudiri

ab aliquo~to be educated by ab aliquo \

;;/^^a-,V/r^

some

one.

disciplina alicuius uti,

aliquo uti
e disciplina

P some
I

""^^^^^^ ^"^^^^ction from

one.

alicuius profectum

esseto be brought up in

some one's school. puenwi alicui erudiendum or

in disciplinain
. .
.

tmdereto en-

trust a child to the tuition of

operant dare or simply se dare alicui, se tradere in discip.

1

Not incuUum

esse,

which

refers only to external appearance.

ED UCA TIONINSTR UCTIONSCHOOL

Ii7iam alicidus^ se con/erre, se applicare

97

ad aliquem

become a pupil, disciple of some one. to enjoy inultum esse cum aliquo (Fam. 16. 21) (of master and pupil). intercourse with
to

close

Judiis {discendi or litteraruni)

schola

a school

an elementary school.

for higher education.

scholaui frequefitare

to

go to a school.
(not Iibe7vru77i)

discipUna

{institiitid) piierilis

the teaching
the

of children.

pueros

ele77ie7tta

[prima) docere

to

teach children

rudiments.
pn77iis Utteratn^m elementis

imbui

to receive the

first ele-

ments of a
doctri7iae^

liberal education.

quibus aetas puerilis^

solet

i77ipe7'tiri

(Nep.

Att.

the usual subjects taught

to boys.
artes^

quibus aetas puerilis

ad
(but erudire
alique77i

hu7nanitate77i i7tfor7nari solet

erudire alique77i artibus,

iure
civili,
iTz

litteris

in

re

77iilitafi)

to

teach

some one
be born for

letters.
7iatu77i^ factu77i esse

ad aliquid

{facieTtdiwi)

to

a thing,

endowed by nature
i.

for

it.

adversa7tte et repugna7tte Ttatura or i7ivita MiTierva (utaiuTtt)

aliquidfacereiOi^.
is

31.

no)

to

do a thing which
against

not

one's

vocation,

which goes

the

grain
crassa ox pi7igui MiTtefzua (proverb.)

with no

intelligence

or

skill.

calcaria alicui adhibere, ad77iovere ; sti77iulos alicui ad77wvere

to spur, urge a

person on.

frettos adhibere alicui

to restrain
H

some one.

98

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

,.

bona indole

idXvs^^'St'xvi '^\x\'2,.)\ ^ ^
^

praeditu77i esse

M to
V

.^
,.

be

gifted, talented (not

,

praeditum
ingenio valere
J

esse

by

,rv

itself).

sum7no ingenio praeditmn

esse

to possess rich

mental en-

dowments.
i7i

aliqiia re progressus facere, proficere^

progredi

to

make

progress in a subject.
aliquid efficere^ consequi in aliqua

r^(DeOr.
itibet,

i.

33. 152)

is

to

obtain a result in something.

adulescens alios bene de se sperare

bonam spem

ostendit

or alii de adnlescente

be?ie

sperare possunt

he

young man of great promise.

adulescens bonae (egregiae) spei

magna

est exspectatio ingenii tui

a promising youth. we expect a great

^

deal

from a

man

of your calibre.

desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis

in the schools.

to exert oneself

genus vitae

(vivefidi) or aetatis

degendae deligere^

to

choose

a career, profession.
viajn vitae i^tgredi (Fla.cc. 42. 105)

to enter

upon a

career.

p/iilosop/zia77i, medici7ia77i profiteri\ to

be

philosopher,

se philosophiwi.^

mediawi

(esse) V

physician by profession.

profiteri

qui
^

ista profitentur

men of that profession.

and
timbratilis {vid.
vii. 2,

Cf, uj)ib7'a, 2imbracida {-ontin),

life

vita

umbratilis)^ used of the retired

of a savant as opposed to
6.

sol, Itix

ori ox forensis.

Cf De Legg.

3.

14 Phalereus

ille

mirabiliter doctrinam ex timbractdis eruditonini otioque non

Demetrius modo in
Officiis

solem atqzie in pnlverefn sed in ipsn/n discriinen aciemcjne produxit.

^

The

locus classiais

on the choice of a profession

is

De

32.

115-122.

EXAMPLE PA TTERNPRECEDENT
5.

99

EXAMPLE PATTERN PRECEDENT

'

claruvi. praeclaruuiX exeviplum ^

a good, brilliant example

...

.,,.

exe77iplum liiculentiim
,

\
\

^ striking example.

exemphi??t exe7iiphim

tlliistre

f?iagnu7?i,

graTtde

weighty

example,

pre-

cedent.
exe77iplu77i
,

afferre\
.

Vto quote
J

an example.
^

exe77iplo uti

aUque77i {aliquid) exe77tpli causa

C077i77ie77i07-are

poTtere, profefre, noTTtifiare,

to

cite

person

or

thing

as

an

example.
aliquid exemplis probare, cof7iprobare^ coTifirTnare

to

quote

precedents for a thing.

aliquid exef7iplis oste7idere

to

demonstrate by instances.
or histo-

exempla petere,

repetere

rerufTi gestaruTTt meTTtoria

riaf7i77i {a7t7taliu77i, reru77i

gestaruni)

77tonu77te7ttis

to

borrow instances from

excTTipla

history.

rent77i Ro77ia7iaru77i {Graecaru77i) 77ie77ioria petita

77iulfa exe77ipla

examples taken from Roman (Greek)

iti

history.

U7iu77i {locuvi) colligere

to collect,

accum-

ulate instances.

ex

infi7iita

exe77iplorum copia

unum

(pauca) suTnere^ decerpere

(eligere)

to

choose one from a large number of

instances.
^

Not homim exefnphun, which means an example morally good

"

for

us to follow.

For example " must not be translated by exempli causa, which is only used in complete sentences with such verbs ^ispojtere, afferre, proferre, nominare. verbi causa {gratia) = " for instance," " we will say," usually refers to a single expression, e.g. quid dicis igihir? miserum
2

fuisse verbi causa

are introduced

M. Crasstun?

(Tusc.
tit,

i.

4.

12).

Often examples

by such words as

vehit, in his, etc., e.g. bestiae

2.

quae

gigmmtur

in terra, veluti crocodili (N. D.

48-

124).

lOo

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

Socrate

exemplum

virtutis

petere^

repeiere

to

quote

Socrates as a model of virtue.

similitudines afferre

to cite parallel cases. to

auctore aliquo uti

y.

ad
J

aliquid\
,.

auctorem altquem habere ah- \

have as authority
.

for

aaus

ret

thing. ^
I

audoritatem alicuius sequi

to

be guided by another's

example.
aiictoritas
et

exemplum (Balb.

13.

31)

standard
to set

and

pattern.
sibi

exe?nplum alicuius proponere ad imitandum or simply

sibi

aliquem ad imitandum proponere

ideal,

up some
cape7'e

one as one's
sibi

model.
de

exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum

aliquo

to

take

lesson

from

some

one's

example.

ad

exempluj?i alicuius se conformare

to

shape one's con-

duct after another's model.

exeniplmn edere^ prodere\
\Xo set
esse
J

exemplo

an example.

exemplum
exeniphwi

in aliquo or

i?i

ali-

quern statuere
(severitatis) edere in
i.

to inflict

an exemplary pun-

ishment on some one.

to inculcate

aliquo (Q. Fr.

2.

2.

5)

bene

(f?iale)

praecipere alicui

good (bad)
to

prin-

ciples.

praecepta

dare,

tradere

de

aliqua

re

give

advice,

directions,

about a matter.
Fr.
i. i. 6.

adpraecipiendi rationein deldbi {f^.

a didactic tone.
aliquid
i?i

18)

to

adopt

animo
is

haeret, pejiitus itisedit or i7ifixu7n est

thing

deeply impressed on the mind.

PHILOSOPHY
aliquid animo mentiqiie penitus mandare (Catil.
to impress a thing
i.

loi

ii. 27)

on one's memory, mind.

demittere aliquid in pectus or in pectus

animumque suum

to take a thing to heart.

hoc verbu77i alte descendit in pectus alicuius

what

he said

made

a deep impression on

6.

PHILOSOPHY
ad philosophiae or
sapientiae
4. 3.

se conferre

ad

philosophia7n, 4)

studium (Fam.
sophy.

to

devote oneself to philo-

animu7?i appellere or se applicare

adphilosophiam

to apply

oneself to the study of philosophy.

philosophiae {sapientiae^ studio teneri
{K-QdidL.
i.

2.

4)

to

be

enamoured of philosophy.
in

portum philosophiae
philosophy.

confugere

to

take

refuge

in

in

sinum philosophiae compelli

of philosophy.

to be driven into the arms

philosophia (neglecta) iacet {vid. p. 92, note)

is

neglected, at low ebb.

litteris

philosophiani latinis

illustrare

philosophy (Acad.
i. 1.

3)

to

write expositions of philosophy in Latin.

Ciceronis de philosophia libri
ings.
decreta,

Cicero's philosophical

writ-

inventa philosophorum
^

the

tenets,

dogmas of

philosophers.

quae in philosophia tractantur

praecepta philosophorum (penitus)

philosophical subjects. percepta habere be well

to

acquainted with the views of philosophers.

illae sententiae

evanuerunt

those views are out of date.

102

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

explosae et etectae sunt {m. up.
5. 8.

illae setitentiae imii pride77i

23)

scho/a, disciplina^familia ; secta

sectani alicuius sequi (Brut.

those ideas have long ago been given school thought.

a sect, of
to

be a follower, disciple of

31. 120)
discipliitam alicuius profiteri

some one.
;

qui sunt a Platone or a Platonis disciplina

a Platone
Solo^
; Platonici
{illis)

quiprof ecti sunt

imus de septem

Solon, one of the seven

4.
2.
i.

disciples of Plato, Platonists.

sages.
2)

Pythagorae doctrina longe lateque fiuxit (Tusc.

i.

Pythagoras' principles were widely propagated.

scholas habere^ explicare (Fin.
scholis interesse
i)

to give lectures.

to attend lectures.

tradere {aliquid de aliqua re)

to teach.

audire Platonem^ auditorem esse Platonis

lectures.

to attend Plato's

7.

THE PARTS OF PHILOSOPHY

34.

physica^ {-onwi) (Or. physics

dialectica
i^-ae
;

uc)); philosophia naturalis

et

natural philosophy.
or
-oruni)

(pure

Latin disserendi ratio

scientia)

logic, dialectic.

dissere?tdipraecepta tradere

disserendi elegantia

to teach logic.

logical minuteness, precision.

disserendi subtilitas disserendi

spi7iae

(De
(Fin.

Or.
4.

i.

i.

68)
79)

28.

dialectical nicety.

subtleties

of logic;

dilemmas.
disserendi peritus et artif ex

|an accomplished
tician.

dialec-

homo
^

in dialecticis versatissifnusi

Cf. Acad. I. 5. 19 philosophandi ratio triplex ; una de vita moribus, altera de nattira et rebus ocacltis, tertia de disserejido.

et

PARTS OF PHILOSOPHYSYSTEM METHOD

disserendi arte7n
dialecticis
fie

103

nuUam
^

habere

to

know nothing

of logic.

imbutum

quidem
logic.

esse

to

be ignorant of

even the elements of

ratione^

eleganter (opp. nulla ratione^ ineleganter^ confuse)

disponere aliquid
ciples.

to arrange

on

strictly logical prin-

""

philosophia^ quae est de vita et

rnoribus (Acad.
i.

5.

19)
re-

philosophia^ in

qua de bonis

moral science

ethics.

bus et mails, deque honiinum

vita et moribus disputatur

philosophla, quae

ift

reru7?i contemplatione versatur,

or quae

artls praeceptls

contmetur

theoretical, speculative

philosophy.
philosophia^ quae in actione versatur

practical philosophy.

omnes philosophiae

loci

the whole domain of philosophy.

8.

SYSTEM METHOD PRINCIPLES

ratio; dlsclpllna, ratio et dlsclpllna ; ars

system.

ad artem ad

redlgere allquld

ratlone7Jt,

ad

arte77i

et
i.

praecepta Vto systematise.

revocare allquld

(De

Or.

41)

arte conclusum esse^to

ratio et doctrlna
artlficlo et

have been reduced

to a system.

systematic, methodical knowledge.

to give a
first

via tradere allquld

scientific explan-

ation of a thing.
^

imbuere

is

properly to give the

touch
to

to, tinge,

bathe, e.g.

gladii sanguine wibtiti.

Metaph.
;

it

=(i)

fill

with, e.g. religione,

pietate, superstitione, crttdelitate

(2) to teach, initiate, e.g.

animiim

honestis artHms,
'^

and

is

used especially of a superficial knowledge.

Cf. Sen.

Ep. 25. 10 philosopkia activa.

104

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

aliguid
\
,
'
.
.

artificiose redigetx

^, ad7^ ratwnis praecepta accommo-

to
\

treat

with
^
:

scientific

dare aliqiad

7-

-J
I

exactness

to classify. ^ to upset the

totam rationem evertere (pass, iacet tota ratio)

whole system.
ratione et via, via et ratiojte progredi, dispictare (Or.
to proceed, carry
-^^i^

i^)

on a discussion

logically.

novam rationem
a
certa

ingredi

to enter on a new method.

ratione proficisci

to

be

based
from

on

sound

principle.

falsis principiis proficisci

to start

false premises.

ad philosophorum

or philosophandi rationes revocare aliqiiid

to

deal

with

subject

on

scientific

prin-

ciples.

perpetuitas et constantia (Tusc.

sistency.

5.

10.

31)

logical

con-

9.

SPECIES DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION-

CONNECTION
partes
^

generibus subiectae simt

the species

is

subordinate

to the genus.

genus imiversum in
117)

species certas partiri et dividere (Or. 2iZits

to analyse a general division into

specific

parts.

genere,

7ion

mwiero

or

viagnitudine

differre

to

differ

qualitatively not quantitatively.

''

Cf. Cic.

De

Or.

i.

42

for the definition,

genus
auton

rzw/^;;/

id

est,

qtcod sui similes cotnniunione qtiadam, specie

differentes, diias

couiplectittir partes, partes aiiteni sunt, quae generibus ex qtdbus manant subiciicntur ; oniniaqiie quae sunt vel genernm vel partitmi nomina, definitionibiis, giiavi vim habeant, est exprimejiduvi.
eis

aut phires

est

enim definitio reriim earnm, quae

stint eius rei propriae,

quam

dejinire vohctJius, brevis et circumscripta

quaedam

explicatio.

CLASSIFICA TION CONNE C TION

spinae paiiieiidi et definiendi (Tusc.
5.

05

8.

22)

minute,

captious subdivisions and definitions.

rem

{res) definire

to define a thing.

a definitione proficisci

to

start

from a definition.
116)
to

iiivolidae rei notitiain definiendo aperire (Or. 33.

make an obscure notion

tion.

clear by

means

of defini-

sub inetuni subiectuvi esse

to

be comprised under the

term "fear."
constituere^

quid et quale

sif,

de quo disputetur

to

determine

the nature and constitution of the subject under

discussion.
in

oj'dinem
thing.

redigere

aliquid

to

systematise,

classify

conexum

et

aptu7n esse inter se

to

be closely connected

with each other.

cohaerere, coniunctum
esse

ami

aliqua re

to

be closely

connected with a

thing.

arte (artissime) coniunctu77i esse\ to

be very intimately
lated.

re-

apte {aptissime) cohaerere

continuatio seriesque reru7n^ ut alia ex alia 7iexa et

inter se aptae colligataeque
si7it

077i7ies

i^ .1)

i. 4.

9)

system-

atic succession, concatenation.

diffusu77i^

dissipatum

esse

to

have no coherence, con-

nection.
confusu77i^ perturbatu77i esse
re7?i

to

be confused.
coag77ie7itare

dissoluta77i

C07iglutina7'e,

to

reunite

disconnected elements.

io6

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

lo.

PROOF REFUTATION
magnum

argumentuDi'^ firmtim^

argumentum

afferre

strong, striking proof.

to bring forward a proof.

afferre {x\ot

argumentian wwiortalitatis

pro)

to tjuote

an

argument
argumentiwi

in favour of immortality.

afferre^

quo anifuos ivwwrtales esse demonsfra/ur

aliquid

to bring forward a proof of the immortality of the

soul.

argumento huic

rei

est,

quod

a proof of
Ace.
c.

this
5)

is

that
to

planum facere (Ad Herenn. strate, make a thing clear,

c.

2.

demon-

aliquid alicui probare (or

Inf.)

to

prove one's

point to a person's satisfaction. argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid (or

c.

Ace.

c.

Inf.)

to prove a thing indisputably.

re or petere

argumentum

ducere,

sumere ex aliqua

ab aliqua re

to derive

an argument from a thing.

argu77ientum premere (not tcrgere)

to persist in

an argu-

ment, press a point.

loci (roiToi)

argumeiitorum (De Or.

2.

162)

the

points

on which proofs are based

argumenta
refellere, cojifutare
3.

the grounds of proof

to refute arguments.

rationem^ afferre (Verr.

85. 195)

to bring forward

an

argument (based on common-sense).

1 1.

CONCLUSION HYPOTHESIS INFERENCE

ex aliqua re

concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere

to

draw

conclusion from a thing.

^

argumentui}i

2L

proof resting on facts;

rafw = a.n argument

proposition.

drawn from the general reasonableness of the

INFERENCE DEB A TE
aciite^ siibtiliter

07

C07icludere

to

draw a subtle inference.

ratio or rationis coftchtsio

efficit

the
;

conclusion proves

that

r-atiocinatio^ ratio

the syllogism

reasoning.
4.

prima^

{superiora) ; consequentia (Fin.

;

19.

54)

preby

mises

consequences.

conclusiuncuia fallax or captio

a
Ace.

fallacious

argument
start

sophism.
positiim est a 7iobis

pnnmm
.

(c.
.

c. Inf.)

we

presupposing that
hoc posito

on

this supposition, hypothesis.

hoc probato conseqnens est

it

follows from

what we have

shown.
sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ^

ex

qiio^

imde^ hinc ejpcitur ut\

77.^

ut\

hit

, ^ ^ follows from this that

.

12.

DEBATE CONTROVERSY

disputatio^ quaestio

systematic,
re^

scientific discussion.

disputare

{de aliqua

ad aliquid)

to discuss, investigate

a subject scientifically,
subtiliter disputare

to thoroughly discuss.

in utrainque partem^ in contrarias partes disputare

I.

(De

Or.

34)

to discuss

both sides of a question.

in

nullam partem disputare

to say nothing either for or

against an argument.
^

In a syllogism the technical term for the major premise

is

propositio Q\ pi'opositio

major ;

for the

minor, propositio minor

for

the conclusion, conchtsio.

^

disputare

\.o

discuss, considering the

arguments pro and con,

disserere de
;

used of a
aliqtia re

number of people with

different opinions,

= io

discourse on a matter for the benefit of those present

is

but in both cases the substantive,

dispiitatio.

io8

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

non repugno

have nothing

to say against
ifi

it.

pertinacem (opp. clementeiii)

esse

disputa?ido

to

be dog-

matic
opponere

positive.

aliciii aliqiiid

to

object, to

adduce

in

contra-

diction.
dare^ concedere aliquid

siunere (opp. reicere)

to grant, admit a thing. aliquid to assume a thing.

tenere aliquid ; stare in aliqua re

to insist

on a

point.

obtinere aliquid

to maintain

one's assertion, prove one-

self right.

in controversia (contentione) esse, versari) to in controversiam cadere

\

be at variance
with.

in controversiam vocare, adducere aliquid

to make a thing
Or.
2.

the subject of controversy.

in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire

(De

72.

291)

to

be contested, become the subject of de-

bate.
in controversia relinquere aliquid

to

leave a point unde-

cided.
controversiajn {contentioneni) habere
tain a controversy with
in conte?ttioneponitur, utru7?i
.
.

cum
one.

aliquo

to main-

some
.

an

it is

a debated point

whether
id,

or

de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam

the
an

point at issue.
controversiam sedare, dirimere, cotnponere, tollere

to put

end
transigere

to, settle

a dispute.

controversiam diiudicare
aliquid

to decide a

debated question.
to

cum
I

aliquo

to

come

an under-

standing with a person.

res

mihi tecum

est

have a point

to discuss with you.

;

sine (tilla) controversia

indisputably

incontestably.

A G REE MEN T CONTRADIO TION

hoc est a {pro)
res ipsa docet res ipsa
7Jie

09

this

goes to prove what

facts of the case

I say.

the very
fe)

show

this.

{pro 7ne apiid

loquitur

the

matter speaks for

itself.

res confecta est

the question

is

settled, finished.

13.

AGREEMENT CONTRADICTION
idem
sentire
cu77i

consentire,

aliquo

to

agree

with

person.
dissentire^ dissidere

ab or cum aliquo

to disagree with a

person.
o??ines

{uno ore)
point.

ifi

hac re consentiunt

all

agree on this

una una

et consentiens

vox

est

all

are unanimous.
\

voce ;

uno ore

uno, communis

summo
i.

or

omnium Vunanimously.
35)

consensu (Tusc.

15.

re conci^iere, verbis discrepare

to agree in fact but not in

word.
hoc convenit inter nos

hoc mihi tecum co?ivenit (Att.

there.

we have agreed on agree with you

this point.
6.
i.

14)

qui convenit?

how

is
. .

this
.

consistent?

how

are

we

to

reconcile this

sunwia

est

virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)

in
.
. .

the learned are most unanimous

constantia

(opp.

inconstantia)

(Tusc.

5.

11.

32)

con-

sistency.
inter se

pugnare or repugnare

to

be mutually contra-

dictory.

no
secu??t

LATIN PI/RASE BOOK

ptignare (without
sibi)
;

sibi

repugnare (of things)

to contradict oneself,

se dissidere or sibi 7ion consfare

be inconsistent.

(of persons)

pugnantia

loqiii

(Tusc.

i.

7.

13)

to

make

contradictory,

inconsistent statements.
dicere contra aligue?n or aliquid (not contradicere alicui)

to contradict

some

one.

14.

PARTICULAR SCIENCES

(History, Mythology, Chronology, Geography,

Mathematics, Natural Science, Astronomy.)

res

res

Romanae ^ 1 Roman gestae Romanorum\ it).

history

{i.e.

the events in

historia
historia

history (as a science).

Romana ^
{i.e.

or renwi

Romanarum

historia

Roman
it

history

the exposition, representation of

by

writers).

memoria rerum Romanarum

historiam
res
(^-as)

popuH Rome.
But
res

Roman a Ro7nani per

scribere

history (as tradition).

to write
scribere

history.

to

write

history

of

Ro7nana = the
has
several

Roman

power, Rome.
senses.
res), cf.

historia

different

exposition of the facts {res gestae,

(i) The narration, rerum exemplum, historic

precedent; res facta, historic

historiam
sc?-iber, historia

fact.

{2) Historical

composition, e.g.
histoj'ia latina,

graeca = &\ihQ.x a history written in Greek

;

or a history of Greece {reru77i graecaricm historia) history written in Latin

;

historia

romana

or

rerum romanaru7?i

historia ^. history of Rome. (3) A place famous in history, e.g. quacunque itigredimur, in aliqua historia pedem po?iimus. In the plural historiae means specially histories, anecdotes {narratiunculae), memoirs, e.g. Taciti historiae.

PARTICULAR SCIENCES
rerum scriptor^
,

in

1
1

(^"^ historian.
J

reruvi auctor (as authority)

evolvere
historias^

litterariun

{veterum

annalhini)

monu-

menta
viemoriae
est

to study historical records, read history.

est,

traditiim

memoriae

{nietnona)

proditum

(without nobis)
dicimt,

tradimt,

ferujit

they

tradition, history tells us.

say;

it

is

commonly

said.

accepiitms

we know
to us.

we have been

told.

historiae prodideru7it (without nobis)

history has

handed

down
apud

reru7n scriptores scriptuni videmus, scriptimi est

we

read in history.
duplex
est

memoria de aliqua

re

twofold tradition pre-

vails

on

this subject.

renwi veterum nienwria

me??ioria vetus (Or. 34. 120)

veterum annates

ancient history.

veterum annalium monumenta

antiquitatis

memoria

recentioris aetatis

memoria

modern
\

history.

??iemoria

huius aetatis {Jioruni\ the

history of

our

own

temporuvi)
nostra
077inis

times

contemporary

memoiia (Gael.
7nemoria,
civitatiwi

18.

43)

history.
aetatiun,
gentiu77i,

077inis

77ie77ioria

temporuftt,
te77iporu77i,

or

omnium renmi,

saeculorum memoria
^

universal

history.

historiais

means an

erudite student of history, one engaged

on

historical research.

As an adjective its use in Cicero is limited, being only used when opposed to oratorius, e.g. genus historiaini
historic style (Brut. 83. 286).
^

sd??ius, cognovivius

= we know

by experience) are not used of

historical

knowledge.

112

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

or

niemoriam annalium
history.

tejuponun replicare

to

consult

aetas heroica^

(^M't>Q..

5.

3. 3.

7)

the

mythical

period;

te?npora heroica (N.

D.

21.

fabulae^ historia fabularis

mythology.

54)

the heroic age.

repetere ab ultima (extrema, prised) antiqiiitate {vetiistate\

ab heroicis temporibus
lit

to

go back to the remote ages.

a fabiilis ad facta veniamus

history.

to

pass from

myth

to

historicormii fide co?itestata 7?iemoria

historiae^

rerum fides
historic

historic times.

historic truth.

narrare aliquid ad fidem historiae

to

give a veracious

and
fact.

account of a thing.

res historiae fide

comprobata

an

acknowledged
historical truth.

historical

incorrupta rerum fides

^genuine

ad historiam

{scribendani) se conferre or se applicare

to

devote oneself to writing history.

homo in historia diligens a conscientious historian. memoriam rerum gestarum {rerum Romanarum) tetiere
be well versed
doi7iestica

to

in

Roman

history.

{externa)

nosse

to

be acquainted with the

history of one's

own

land.

teinporum

ratio, descriptio,

ordo

chronology.
the

temporu7n ordine7?i servare to observe

servare et notare tempora
\

chronological

order of events.
narrare

res tettiporum ordine servato

to narrate events in

the order of their occurrence.

^

heroicus only of time,

herons = ^^\z^ e.g. versus herous (De Or.

;

hej-oiis a dactyl "epic" of carmen epician ; poetae epici, For "heroic" of an action, cf. praeclarum atqiie or epici alone. divinuni factum ; factum illustre et gloriostim, etc.
3.

49. 191)=: a dactylic

is

hexameter

pes

other things

usually epicus, e.g.

PARTICULAR SCIENCES
temporibiis

113

errare (Phil.

2.

9.

23)

to

make

a chrono-

logical mistake.

ad

te77iporum rationem aliquid revocare

to calculate the

date of an event.
diligenfem esse in exqiiirendis temporibus

to

be exact

in

calculating dates.

terrarum or regionu7?i descriptio {geograpkia)

Africae situm paucis exponere

geography.
scie7itia

to give a brief exposition

of the geography of Africa.

7'eglonum
terrestriu77i

aut

77iariti77iarii77i

geo-

graphical knowledge.
77iathe77iatica (-ae)

or

geo77ietria {-ae),

geo77ietrica (-oru77i)

(Tusc.

I.

24. 57)

mathematics.
co7icludere

77iathe77iaticoru77i

ratw7ie

aliquid

to

draw a
to

mathematical conclusion.
for77ias

(not

Jiguras)

geo77ietricas

describere

draw

geometrical figures.
se coTtfeTTe

ad

Ttaturae iTivestigatioTiem

to devote oneself to

the study of a natural science.

astrologia (pure Latin sidera^ caelestia)
spectator
sideru77i,

astronomy.
or
astroiogus^

reru77i

caelestiu77i

an

astronomer.
arith77ietica'^ {-oru77i)\
.

7iu77ieri {-orirni)

^arithmetic.
I

It is

only in later Latin after astrologus had acquired the mean-

ing of astrologer,
(

magician,

that

astrononius

came

to

be used

= astronomer).
^

In Cicero always neut. plur., e.g.

Fin.

ijt

arithtneticis satis versahis

is

later writers use the fem. sing.

The pure Latin word

se,
tit

nitvieri,

cf.

De

i.

21.

^2 an
tit

ille

Plato,

in musicis, geometria,

numeris,
acciperet ?

astris

contereret?

Aegypttim peragravit,
Cf.

So De Fin. 5. 29. 87 cur Plato a sacerdotibtis barbaris niimeros et caelestia

Stil. p. 46.
I

Nagelsb. Lat.

114
his

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

bina gnat
si?ii iion didicisse

to

be absolutely ignorant

of arithmetic.

15.
artis

ART

IN

GENERAL
a work of art. la master-piece of classical
J

opus

; op2is arte factu 771 ox perfectu7n

opus

SU7717710 artifico factu77i

opus 0f7mibus nu77ieris absolutu77i

arte77i

exercere

wo rk.
practise

to follow

an

artistic profession,

an

art.

arte77i tradere,
arte77i

docere

to teach

an

art.

profiteri

to profess

an

art.

artiu77i

{liberaliu77i) studiiwi,

or simply studiu7n

a taste

for the fine arts.

artis praecepta,

or

also

simply ars

the

rules

of

art;

aesthetics.
{artis, artiu77i) inteiiegens,

peritus^ (opp. idiota, a layman)

a connoisseur; a specialist.
existi77iator {doctus, intellegeTis,

acerri77ius)

(competent,

intelligent, subtle) critic.

i7i

existi77ia7itiu77i arbit7'iu77i ve7ii7X

(Brut. 24. 92)

critics.

to

come
''

before the tribunal of the

iudiciu77i facere

to criticise.

se7tsu77i, iudiciu77i

habere
est

to

be a

man

of taste.

elega7itia

in

illo

he

possesses sound judgment in

matters of
iudiciiwi
subtile,
;

taste.
elegatis,

exquisitu77i,

i?itellege7is

good

taste

delicate perception.

iudicium acuere

to cultivate one's

powers of
same

criticism.

?>//<?/

= properly

uninitiated, not the

as riidis, indocltts,

imperitus.
\

ART IN GENERAL POETRY

abhorrere ab artibus (opp. delectari artibiis)
taste for the fine
ventate??i^ ifuitari (I)\w.
i.

115

to

have no

arts.

13. 23)

(i) to

make

lifelike,

natural representation
artist)
;

of a

thing

(used
art).

of

the

(2) to

be

lifelike (of

a work of

in

omni

re vincit imifafionem Veritas

in

everything nature

defies imitation.
Illiquid

ad veriwi exprimere

to

make

copy true

to

nature.

7norum ac viiae imitatio

life.

lifelike

picture

of everyday

aliquid

e vita

dudum

est

a thing

is

taken from

life.

6.

POETRY MUSIC PAINTINGSCULPTURE

condere, facere, componere\ yto write poetry. . .,
\

pocma

versus jacere^ scnoere

carmina^ versus fundere

(De

Or.

3.

50)

to write poetry

with

facility.

carmen epicum
poeta epicus

poesis scaenica

poeta scaenicus
scriptor

scriptor fabularu7)i
^

heroic an dramatic dramatic comicus a of a

epic,

epic poetry.
a

poet.

poetry.
poet.

tragoediaru77i,
^

cofuoediarmn^ also {poeta) tragicus,

writer

tragedy, comedy.

writer of fables.
truth (opp.
viendaciiiDi),

Veritas

means not merely

but also

reality (opp. opinio, iniitatio).

res et Veritas ipsa (Tusc. 5. 5.
^

Thus we

often find the combination

13), natiira rernni et ipsa Veritas.

fragicus, comicus as adjectives

= occurring
Comic

in tragedy,

comedy

e.g.

Orestes tragicus ; senes coniici.

cf. homo I'idiculus. Noi /adulator, which = a

in the ordinary sense

ridiculus,
'^

gossip, teller of anecdotes.

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

i.

divino qiiodam instinctu concitari,ferri {Y)\\.

feel inspired.

31. 66)

to

divino quoda7n spiritu inflatus or tadus

car77ien,

versmn agere

inspired.
line with appro-

to recite a

poem,

priate action.
cartnen recitare

poetica

poesis

a piece verse (without carmen a rough poem an extempore ad devote oneself laude be a genus ad Romanos transplant Rome
carmen pronuntiare
gestures).
to recite

to read a piece of verse with expression.

of

ifico7iditum

effusion.

se conferre

poesis studiu77t
to

to

to poetry.

florere

distinguished" as
to

poet.

transferre

to

one of the branches of poesy.

.1 to T J J .J , alicuius laudes versibus persequi 1 \ 1 i J. \ alicutus laudes (virtutes) canere
' .

sing

the

praises

of

'

some one (not ^

.

ca7iere

alique77i).

alicuius res gestas versibus or7iare^ celebrare

to celebrate

ut ait

some one's exploits in song. Homerus as Homer sings (not

artem musicam

VOCU771 etfidiiwi {7iervoru77i) cantus

docere

fidibus discere

fidibus canere
pellere

poetical rhythm. study music. nervorum instrumental music. vocal and instrumental music. teach some one play stringed instrument. (De Sen. play stringed 26) instrument. play on the nervos the the
nu77terus poetice vinclus
^

canit).

discere, tractare

to learn,

et tibiaTiim cantus

alique7n fidibus

to

to

8.

to learn to

to

lyre.

iti

fidibus

to

strike

strings

of

lyre.
^

mtisica {-ortim)

is

also used for music,

cf.

in mnsicis

se contcrere.

MUSIC PAINTINGSCULPTURE DRA MA

tihias inflare
7

117

tibiis

fto play the flute. or tibia canere^

-

ad tibiam or ad

tibici?tem

canere

to

sing

to

flute

accompaniment.
{Jiomo) sy mphoniacus

singer,
3.

member
105)

of a choir.

symphoma
acrodma
^

canit

(Verr.

44.

the

orchestra

is

playing.

a professional performer. modi (Dq Or. 187) the melody. compose, put music.
i.

42.

viodos facere
niimenis,

to

to

numeri

niwierose cadere

the tune
to

rhythm.

have a rhythmical cadence.

ars pingendi^ pictura painting.

ars fingendi

(De

Or.

2.

16.

69)

the

art

of

the
e

art of sculpture.

signa et tabulae {pictae)

statues

and

pictures.

simulacrum

marmore facere
2.

to

make

a marble statue.
to put

statuas^ inscribere (Verr.

tion

69. 167)

an inscrip-

on

statues.

17.

THE DRAMA
20. 84)

ars ludicra

(De

Or.

2.

fabula, ludus scaenicus

argumentum
actio

actus
^

the treatment of the an

act.

the plot

the piece

the dramatic
;

art.

the play.

of the piece.
piece.

aa'oaina

originally

anything performed to give pleasure, then

applied the term to music
;

a performer.

The Greeks

the

Romans

used

it

of any professional performer

who

entertained guests while at

table.
^

stattia

is

not used of statues of the gods, but signum, siviula-

crum.

ii8

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

fabulain docere (BiBdcr/civ) (of the writer) (opp. fnbula7n

discere

to study. a piece, of the actor)

it.

to get a

piece played, rehearse

fabula77i agere

fabulam

edere

to act a play (said of the actors).

it

to bring out a play, put

on the stage

(used of the

man who

finds the

money).
writer).

fabulam dare

to

produce a play (of the

in scaenam producere alique7ii

to introduce a character

on the
i7i

stage.

scae7iaf7i

prodire

in scaeTzam redire

de scaena decedere
Itz

to

come upon

the stage.

to reappear to retire

on the scene.
stage.

from the

scae7tai7i

aliquid inducere

to bring a thing

upon the
com-

stage.
fa7?iiiia,

grex,

caterva

histrio7m77i

theatrical

pany.
doTniTtus gregis

theatrum
theatra

populu77i facile77t, aequu77i

the manager. the playhouse. redamaTtt the spectators habere

^

protest.

to

have an appreciative

audience.
plaudere (not applaitdere\
plausu77i
\
\

\ dare

,.

.-

Vto applaud, clap a person.

{alicui)

da77iores (coroTtae) facere, excitare

saepius revocatur (Liv.

times.
fabula77i exigere (Ter.

7.

2.

9)

he

to elicit loud applause.

is

encored several

Andr. Prol.)
is

to hiss a play.

fabula cadit
^

a piece
= {\)

a failure,

falls flat.

theatruvi

the playhouse, theatre

{2)

the audience, house.

It

is

e.g.

used metaphorically for the sphere of activity, theatre, scene, theatrum Diagmwi habet ista provincia (Cic ) ; milJinn theatrtim

virtiiti conscientia viajus (ibid.

THE DRAMA
histrionem exsibUare, exploden,
eicere,

119

exigere

to hiss an

actor off the stage.

histno?ii acclainare^

him.

partes agere alicuius'^

agere
serviwi,

to interrupt

an actor by hooting

to play the part of

/eno?tem

some
of

one.
a
slave,

to

act

the

role

pander.
iicfor

pn77iarum
actor

{secimdariwi^

tertia7inn) partiu7n

the

who

plays the leading part.

tragoedia ox fabula A/tfig(ma (not AntigoTia trag. or fab.)

the Antigone.
in Sophoclis (not

Sophoded) Aiace or apnd

Sophocle77i

in

Aiace

in Sophocles' Ajax.

caferva^ 1107115

car77ien ckori, cantici{77i

loci nielici

the Chorus Tragedy. a choric ode a tragedy.

in

in

the

lyric

portions of a tragedy.

diverbiuni
canticu77i

ludi

circe7tses,

stage dialogue. a choric ode. performances

scae7iici

in

the

circus;

theatrical performances.

bidos apparare
ludos
facere,

to institute games.
{lovi)

edere

to

give

public

games

in

honour of
^

Jupiter.

Livy

is

the

first

writer

who

uses acclamare in a

good
life,

sense.
e.g. pa^'tes

Also used metaphorically of the part played in

sustiJiere,

suscipere,

dare,
is

iribuere,

defeiidere,

tueri.
e.g.

Similarly

persona (properly mask)

alicnins
agej-e,

used in several phrases,

personam

ferre,
(Phil. 8.

ienere
10)
;

personam tueri

siiscipere or indiiere ; personam personam alicni imponere (Sull. 3. 8).

persona thus got the meaning of personality, individuality, character, and lastly in a concrete sense a personage of distinction. N.B. It

never represents our " person,"

{/wfnines) aderant.

cf.

many

persons were present, multi

120

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

instaurare

/lidos

to revive public

games.
give
'

mumis gladiatorium edere, dare \ to (or simply munus edere^ dare) r

gladiatores dare
fa77iilia^ gladiatoria
*

gladiatorial

(Sest.

64. 134)

band, troupe of
of a lanista.

gladiators under the

ludiis gladiatoriiis

management
at

gladiatoribus (Att.
celebritas

a school the ludortwi crowded games.

2.

for gladiators.

19. 3)

gladiatorial games.

ma^nificentia ludorum\
/udi
,

,.

... apparatissi77ii

Vsumptuous public games.

J

,.

liidi Oly77ipia

(not ludi Oly77ipici\ Pythia

the Olympian,
at the

Pythian games.
Oly77ipia viTtcere

{'OXvfima vuKav)
1
.

to win a prize

Olympian games.
ludi ^ymTiici

V^ymnastic contests.
3.

certa77U7ta gy77i7uca\

stadm77i citrrere (Off.

10.

42)

to run a foot-race.

VIII.
I.

SPEECH AND WRITENG

SPEECH IN GENERAL
art of

ars dicendi

the

speaking
to

oratory.
to oratory.

ad dice7tdu77i

se co7iferre

diceTzdi^ praecepta tradere

^

devote oneself teach

to

rhetoric.

Ylence. fa??nliani ducere, metaphorically to

be

at the

movement,
^

to play the leading part, e.g. in itwe civili (Cic.

ix.

head of a ) For

other phrases drawn from the wrestling-school vid.

6.

Note the way

astra,
14).

in

which the Latin language prefers a concrete

cf.

expression in the plural to represent our abstract "rhetoric,"

{-0Tii7)i),

viusica

mimeri, soni=\xms\c, astronomy, arithmetic, acoustics

{vid. vii.

SPEE CH IN GENERA L
rhetor^ dicendi magister

121

a teacher of
talent.

rhetoric.

facultas dicendi
7zatit7?i, factii77i

oratorical
esse

ad

dice7idu77i

to

be a born

orator.

facile77i et

expeditiim esse

ad dice7idu77i

(Brut. 48. 180)

to

be

a ready, fluent speaker.

7'ude77i^ tirone77i

ac rude77i (opp. exercitatiwi) esse in dicendo

to

be an inexperienced speaker.

disertu77i esse

eloquente77i

(De Or. i. esse (De Or.

\

21. 94)
i.

to

be
to

fluent.

21. 94)

be a capable,

fin-

ished speaker.
eloquentia valere
.

Vto be very eloquent. dicendt artejiorere\

eloquentiae laude florere

vis dicendi
77iultii77i

to

be a distinguished

orator.

oratorical power.

dicendo valere^ posse

to

have great weight as a

speaker.
eloquentiae principatuTn tenere

pri7nu7n ox principem inter ora

tores locuTn obtinere

to

be considered the

fore-

most

orator.

oratorum principem
oratione77i conficere

esse

to

compose a speech.
26)

oratione77t C077i77te7ttari (2ivc\. 16.

to prepare, get

up

speech.
oratio meditata (Plin. 26. 3. 7)
subito^

ex

te77ipore

a prepared speech. speak (opp. ex praeparato)

dicere

to

ex-

tempore.
oratio siibita

oratio perpetua oratio accurata

an extempore speech, a continuous discourse. a prepared speech,

^

et polita

carefully

oratio co77iposita

an elaborate speech.
is

accuratus

only used of things, never of persons.

122

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

2.

contentio (opp. sermo) (Off.

48)

pathetic address

emo-

tional language.
copiose dicere

ornate dicere

to

speak very
speak
2.

fluently.

to

well, elegantly.
72.

libere dicere (Verr.

176)

to

speak frankly, inde-

pendently.
plane^ aperte dicere
perspiciie^

to

speak openly, straightforwardly.

diserte

dicere

to

speak

in

clear,

expressive

language.
?nissis

avibagibus dicere

to

to

speak without circumlocution.

dicere

accommodate ad persuadetidu7ii
speaker.
aggredi ad dicendum
^

to

be a persuasive

come forward

to

make

a speech

to address the house.

verba facere apiid'^ populuin^ in

contione

to

address

meeting of the people.

in contionem {in rostra) escendere^ (only of

Romans)

to

mount

the rostra.
5.

orationem habere (Tusc.

i?iitium dicendi facere

finem dicendi facere

perorare

2)Z-

94)

^^

make

a speech.

to begin to speak.

to cease speaking.

(i) to

make

one's peroration

(2) to deliver the

closing speech (in a case where several speeches

have been made).

^

stirgere

ad dicemhnn

is

only used of some one

who

has been

tiil

now

seated (l)e Or.

2. ^%. 316).

^ apud'xs,

used of appearing before an

indices,

official

assembly, e.g. aptid

used of an informal

popiihtvi,

apud senatuni, apicd

is

coram

is

casual meeting.
^

escendere

more common than

2.

asccnderc,

cf. /;/

contionem escen-

Similarly in rostra 3 ; Liv. 2. 7. 7, etc. etc.) Later siiggestzim. escendere (Cic. Liv.), in tribunal escendere (Liv.)
dere (Cic. Att. 4.
rostra escendere (Tac.

Ann.

15.

59

ibid. 13. 5).

SPEECH STYLE
a?timos

123

aiidienthun permovere, injiammare

. .

to

make an

impression on one's audience.

aniinos tenere

to rivet the attention of

audie?itia7}i sibi {orationi)

facere

to obtain a hearing.

solutu7ii et

expeditum

esse

ad dicendmn
say.

to

be never

at a

loss for

something to
to

lingim proi7iptu7n esse

celeritas in respondefido

bonis lateribus^ esse

lifigime solutio

2.

have a ready tongue. readiness debate, have good

in

in repartee.

to

lungs.

volubilit}'.

STYLE EXPRESSION
;

genus dicendi {scribendi)

oratio

style.
^ (cf.

genus dicendi grave ox grande^ medium^ tenue

6.

Or.

5.

20

21)

fusum

oratioftis

elevated, moderate, plain genus a running

style. style.

style.

inconditmn dicendi genus (Brut. 69.

242)

rough, un-

polished

^ lafus is never used in the singular in good Latin with the meaning " kmgs," "breath," "vigour," cf. Cic. 7a/?i medies^ vox, latei-a defi-

cient si

In a somewhat similar way

. .

lacej-ti is

used of oratorical

vigour, e.g. ipse hastas

oratoris lacerlis viribusqtie to7'qziebit

(De

Or.
^

I.

57. 242).
stilus,

Not

which means the writing instrument the

2. 3.

stylus,

hence the expression stilum vcrtere (Verr.

has been
magister ;
^

written.

Metaphorically

it

what denotes (i) the action of

41), to erase

writing, e.g. stilus optivius est et praestantissinius dicendi effector et

(2)

the manlier of writing,

mode

of composition, e.g.

U71US enitn sonits est totius orationis et idem stilus.

deliberativutn {av/uL^ovXevrtKOp),
denio7istrativu7n {dirtdeiKTiKov),

Speeches belong according to their subject-matter to genus gemts iudiciale {dcKaviKov), or genus
cf.

Cic.

de Inv.

I.

5.

Arist. Rhet.

bk.

iii.

124

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

9'enus'\
Vs.
,
,
.

inflatum orationis

bombastic

style.

oratio altIII s exaggerata

elatio atqiie altitudo orationis

the

exalted strain of the

speech.
exsurgere altius or incitatius ferri
(especially of poets

to

take a higher tone

and

orators).

magnifice loqui^ dicere

ately
;

(i) to

speak vehemently, passion-

(2) to speak

pompously, boastfully.

magniloquentia^ granditas verboru?}i

tragoediae

pathos

passion.

tragic pathos.

expedita et facile currens oratio\

,

...

oratio aequaoihler jlziefts

Van easy, fluent

\

style.

flumen^
siccifas,
,

orationis

(De

Or,

2.

15.
1

62)

flow of

oratory.

sanitas orationis
.
.

...

Khe plam

style.

veroorum

tenuitas, oratio siiotilis\

oratio exilis, ieiuna, arida, exsanguis

ornatus orationis^ verborum

of style.
elegantia orationis
oratio pura^
integritas^

well-chosen

the

dry, lifeless style.

language, grace

et

tasteful description.

pura

emendata

pure, correct language.

sinceritas

orationis

(not puritas)

purity

of

style.

oratio

inquinata'^

(De Opt. Gen.

Or.

3.

7)

incorrect
21.

language.
orationes

Catonis antiquitatem redokftt (Brut.

82)

Cato's speeches sound archaic.

ex

illius

orationibus ipsae

Athenae redolent

there
= the

is

flavour of Atticism about his discourse.

oratio soluta (not prosa) or simply oratio
^

prose.
language

On
Not

the other hand, o7'atioJitiit (De Or.

3.

49. 190)

has no rhythm.
-

imptn-a^ which

means unchaste, obscene.

S r YLE EXPRESSION
oratio

25

nu7nerose

cadit

his

style

has

well-balanced

cadence.
mimeris orationem astringere, vincire
rhythmical.
liwiina^ flores
dicetidi
;

to

make
96)

a speech

(De

Or.

3.

25.
style.

flowers

of

rhetoric
sententias

embellishments of
exj>licare,

{verbis)

aperire

to

explain

one's

sentiments.
sententiae reconditae et exquisitae (Brut. 97. 274)

profound

sentiments.
ubertas (not divitiae) et copia orationis
style of speech.
crebritas or copia (opp. inopid) sententiarum or

full

and copious
simply copia

richness
in ideas.

of ideas.
^

senteniiis abunda?is

or creber (opp. sententiis inanis)

rich

adm?ibrare aliqtud {Or. 14. 43)

to roughly sketch a thing.

{vid. p. 77,

exprimere aliguid verbis or oratione

note)

to

express clearly,
thing.

make

a lifelike representation of a

exponere aliquid or de aliqua re

to give

an account of a

thing (either orally or in writing).

sententiae inter se nexae

perpetuitas verborum
contextus orationis (not nexus^

Uhe

connection.

conexus sententiarum)
ratio sententiarum
ratio,

qua

sententiae- inter se j-the

connection of thought.

excipiunt
^

Not

dives which Cicero uses only absolutely and almost always

cf.

of persons,

ho-we\ ex animus hominis dives (Parad.

6.

44), divitior
16. 58).

viihi et ajffltcentior videlur esse vera aniicitia,

(De Am.

126

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

life. life.

vitam alicuius exj>onere~io gxvc an account of a man's vifam alicuius depirigereto make a sketch
of a man's de
inge??io

exponere~X.Q character-sketch of a person.

colore

moribiisque

alicuius

make

sumjuo

aliquid

illus f

rareto depict a thing

in

lively colours.

ante oculos ponere aliquid~io bring a thing vividly before

the eyes.
oculis or sub oculos,

sub aspectum subicere aliquid io represent a thing vividly.

subiectio

rerum sub aspectum paene

graphic depiction.
perlustrare, lustrare oculis
closely.
sic

(De

Or.

3.

53.

202)

aliquid Xo

scrutinise,

examine

exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res {no7i quasi ?uirretur) to represent a thing dramatically.
{est aliquis

aliquem disputante77i facere, inducere, fingere apud aliquem disputans)~io introduce

(into a dialogue) discoursing
in

person

on
""

uno conspectu potiere aliquid\

sub

unum

aspectum

subicereV''
J

^'""^

^^^^'^^ '^^^

''^

aliquid
in brevi conspectu ponere

^h^"g-

aliquid IQ make a short survey

of a thing.

uno conspectu videre aliquid to have a general idea of a

thing.
breviter tangere, attingere

aliquid to touch

briefly

on a

thing.
strictim, leviter tangere, attin-\ to

make
the

a cursory mention
;

gere, perstringere aliquid

[
j

of a thing

to

mention by
obiter or in

quasi praeteriens, in transitu

attingere aliquid
J

way (not

transcursu).

STYLE EXPRESSION
res

127

sumvins attingere

to

dwell only on
points.
\

the

main

sunwiatitii
VI IIIfa

aUquid exponere^
. ,

verba facer

to

midtujH.
.

Jiwuum

go deeply into a matter,

..

...
It

esse

iin an.

qua

re)

(De

._^

Or.

discuss
J

^^

fully.

2. 4.

17)

plurilms verbis^
give a
fiisiifs,
full,
^

copiosius explicare^ persequi^ a'iquid

to

detailed account of a thing.

liberlies

copiosius dispiitare^ dicere de aliqiia re

to

speak at great length on a subject, discuss very

fully.

breviter^

paucis explicare aliquidX to

(Sail. lug.
|-

explain
briefly, in

matter

rem paucis absolvere

17. 2)
.
.

a few words

(not paucis verbis).

rebus ipsis
,

rebus verba respondeitt

copiaui

par

the
.

circumstances
..
.
.

are

de.

est oratio
^

Y
J

scribed in language worthy

,

of them.

quam potui persecutus sum

material.

have exhausted

all

my
verbis

nan omnia exseqiii posse

to be unable to say all

one wants.
/;/

medium proferre aliquid

into discussion.

to

bring a subject forward

ill

77iedio

ponere i^proponere)

to publish,

make

public.

silentio praeterire {noX. praetermittere)

aliquid

to pass over

in silence.
significare aliquejii or aliquid

to allude to a person or
significafione appellare

aliquem
thing (not alludere).

describere

aliquem (Gael. 20. 50)

leviter significare aliquid

to hint vaguely at a thing.

the

perscqiii
orally

is

often used
in

in

meaning
alicuius

to

expound,
alicuius

treat of

either

or

writing,

e.g.

vitat?i,

lauJes

vcrsibiis, res

Hannibalis.

128

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

sit

ordine fiarrare, guo77iodo res gesta

to detail the

whole

history of an

affair.

dicendo ornare aliquid

rhetorice,

to embellish a narrative.
ii.

tragice

ornare aliquid (Brut.

43)

to

add

rhetorical, dramatic
digressus, di^ressio, egressio

embellishments to a subject.
1
,.
.

quod ornandi causa additiwi

.
.

,.

^,.

Va digression, episode.
est\
\
.

indudere in orationem aliquid

,.
.

to
V
Am.

interpolate,

msert

inserere oratwni aliquid

7.

interponere aliquid {uo.

/x^

A
i.

something.

3)!

dicendo augere, amplijicare aliquid (opp. dicendo extenuare

aliquid)

to

lend

lustre

to

subject

by one's

description.
in

maius

fei're^

ifi

mains

extollere aliquid

to exaggerate
thing.

a thing.
in

maius

accipere aliquid

to overestimate a
Or.
2.

digredi {a proposito)

(De

77.

311)

to digress,

deviate.
studio alicuius rei provectus

sum

my

zeal for a thing has

led

me

too

far.

longe^ alte {longius^ altius) repetere (either absolute or ab

aliqua re)
oratio

to

go a long way back

(in a narrative).

longius

repetita

(De

Or.

3.

24.

91)

rather

recondite speech.
accedere

ad- cotidiani

sermonis
life.

genus

to

adopt

the

language of everyday

ad vulgarem sensum

or

ad
2.

co??wiune7?i
10.

opinionem oratiotiem

acconunodare (Off.

35)

to express oneself in

popular language.

DELIVER Y^ VOICE
3.

29

DELIVERY VOICE
delivery.

actio (Brut.

38)
^

protiuntiatio
actio

c.

Gen.

artistic delivery

declamation.
is

pallium claudicat"
poor.

the delivery

rather halting,

haerere^ Aaesitare (C^itW.

2. 6.

13)

to stop short, hesitate.

perturbari^ pernioveri

'^

to

be nervous, embarrassed.
sine scripto,

de scripto orationem
7ne??ioria)

habere^ diceix (opp.

ex

to read a speech.

interpellare aliqiie7n {dicentein)

vox magiia^ clara (Sulla 10. 30) vox gravis,

acuta, parva,

a strong, loud
to interrupt.

voice.

inediocris-p^

deep, high, thin,

moderate
vox

voice.
(i-^.

vox canora (Brut.

k?iis,

suppressa,

vocem mittere

a melodious, ringing sunwiissa a gentle, subdued [sonitum of things) speak,

234)
reddere
to

voice.

voice.

utter

a sound.

vocem summittere

to lower one's voice.

contentio, remissio vocis

voce77i

raising,

lowering the voice.

i7ttercludere (Just.

11. 8. 4)

to

prevent some one

from speaking.
Ttulla

vox

est

ab eo audita

mag7ia voce

cla77iare

no sound passed
28)

his lips.

to shout at the top of one's voice.

clamorem
gestu77i
^

tollere (Liv. 3.

to raise a shout, a cry.

(always in the sing.) agere

which = an
i.

to gesticulate.
exercise.

Not declamatio
;

oratorical

Distinguish

pronuntiare (De. Or,

rules of rhetoric

59. 251), to declaiui a thing

according to the

and declaniare io go through

rhetorical exercises

as a practice in speaking.
-

claiidicare often nietaph. of things

i.

which are unequal, weak,

191)

e.g.

aniicitia claudicat (Fin.

"^

69).
;

But

to read a speech orationeiji legere (Brut. 51.

2. 5).

to read

with expression, recitaix (Phil. 10.

I30

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

4.

SUBJECT-MATTER ARGUMENT
scri-

7to?i

habeo argumentum scribendi

deest

mihi argumentum ad
(Att.
9.
7.

have nothing
about.

to write

bendum

7)

non habeo, non

est

quod

scribani

res (opp. verba)

mihi suppetit

to

have abundance
I write.

to say.

materia
res

??iihi crescit

componere ac digerere
subject-matter.

my subject grows as arrange and

i.

divide

the

dispositio

rerum (De Inv.

7.

9)

the arrangement of the

.

subject-matter.

materia rermti et copia uberrima\

injinita et
7?iaterie??i

....

^abundance of material.
J

im7nensa materia

ad or7iatum praebere
\

to

afford

matter

for

elaboration, embellishment.

id quod {niihi) propositu7n est

res proposita

la theme, subject proposed

for discussion.

id quod quaeri77ius {quaeritur)

i7istitutu77i

or id quod

i7istitui

a proposito aberrare,

decliTiare, defiectere, digredi,

egredi

to

digress from the point at issue.

ad propositum ad re77t redire

sed

reverti, redire\

Ko come back

to the

pomt.

sed redeat, unde aberravit oratio^

ad

id,

unde digressi sumus,

but to return from the

digression

reverta77iur
'veru77i

we

have

ut ad id, imde digressa est

been making.

oratio, reverta77iur

mihi propositu77i
I

est c. Inf. (or 7)iihi proposui, ut)

is
.
.
.

the

task

have put before myself

to propose, set a

ponere

theme.

QUESTION ANSWER
p07iere alicid^ de

131

quo

dispiitet

to set

some one

theme
i)

for

discussion.

ponere wbere, qua de re quis aiidire

let

velit (Fin. 2.

i.

to

those

present

fix

any subject they Hke

for

discussion.

5.

QUESTIONANSWER

quaestionem ponere^ proponere

to

propose a subject of

debate, put a question.

quaestione7?i poscere

(Fin.

2.

i.

i)

to

get

question

submitted to one.
hoc loco
exsistit

quaestio,

quaeritur

at

this

point

the

question

arises.

nunc id quaeritur^ agitur

res^

de qua nunc quaerimus^ quaeritur

issue.

the question now the

is

question at

magna

quaestio est (followed

by an indirect question)

it

is

a difficult point, disputed question.

esse inihi

quaerendum
itself

visum
. .

est
.

the question has forced

determine a question.

on

my mind

quaestionem solvere
quaestio

to decide,

ad exitum venit

the question has been settled.

to

ad

interrogata respondere

bene interrogare

answer questions.
put leading

to cross-examine cleverly,

questions.
percontanti non deesse

{De

Or.

i.

21. 97)

to

answer every

question.

Note

to

answer

(a thing) 7-espondere

ad aliquid

or alicui rei

to

answer

(a person)

always aliaii. So dicere aliciiiio speak to a person,

but scribere

ad aliquon.

132

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

responsiwi ah aliquo ferre, aiiferre

to extract an

answer

from some one.

respondere in hanc sententia??i
^

to

answer to

this effect.

6.

HUMOUR EARNEST
29. 103)

ioco uti (Off.

I.

to

make

a joke.
it

haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi

I said

in jest.

anwio prompto
inclined.

esse

ad iocandum

to

be

humorously

extra

iocu??i,

remoto ioco (Earn.

to

7.

11. 3)

facete dicere
facetiis uti,

joking

apart.

be

witty.

facetum esseto

make

witty remarks.

facete et com?7tode dicere

breviter et

to indulge in apt witticisms.

commode

dictu7?i

facete dictum

a
2.

short,

pointed witticism.

witticism,

bon mot.
63. 256)

arcessitmn dictum
dicta dicere in

(De

Or.
to

aliquem

afar-fetched

joke.

make

jokes on a person.

aspergere sales orationi (Or. 26. 87)

to intersperse one's

speech with humorous remarks.

aliquid

ad

ridiculu7n

convertere

to

make

joke

of a

thing.
{ho7n6) ridiculus (Plaut. Stich.
lepos in iocando
i.

3.

21)

humour.
7.

a wit;

a joker.

iucunde esse (Deiot.

se

19)

dare iucunditati

to

be

in a

good temper.
in a

to let oneself

be

jovial.

sibi displicere

(opp. sibi piacere)

ioca et seria agere

to

be

bad temper.
in earnest.
. .
.

to

be now
I. I.

jesting,

now
is

i-^r/^^/V^r^ (Plaut.

Bacch.

42)

severitatem adhibere

to say in earnest
serious.

to

show that one

respoiisum dare only of answers given by oracles or lawyers.

LANGUAGEUSE OF LANGUAGE
i)ieptum esse

133
tact.

(Dc

Or.

2.
^

4.

17)
to

?iifnium diligentem esse

to be

silly,

without

be pedantic.

7.

LANGUAGE USE OF LANGUAGETRANSLATION GRAMMAR

lingua graeca latina lociipletior (copiosior, uberior) est

the

Greek language
commerciujn li7iguae

is

a richer one than the Latin.

volubilitas^ soliitio linguae

vitiu77t

intercourse of speech.
volubility.

orationis,

sermonis or

simply vitiiwi

a
est

mistake,

solecism.
saepe {crebro^ multa) peccavit, erravif, lapsus

he
(De

has

made
eiusde?fi
3.

several mistakes.

linguae societate coniunctum esse

59.

cum

aliquo

Or.

223)

to

be united by having a

common

language.
orationis experte^n esse

2.

to

be unable to express one's

ideas.

sermo patrius (Fin.

consuetudo sermonis^

i.

native tongue; vernacular. loquendi the usage of language.

4)
^
,

cotidiani ser77i07iis usus

co77i77iimis ser77i07iis
ser77io ja77iilians et
r
.,.
. ,

the ordmary usage of lan-

consuetudo \
,.,.

cotidianus

guage, everyday speech. i / ^

'

aliquid a consuetudine sermonis latini abhorret, alienum est

the expression
usage.
^

is

not in accordance with Latin

Such words as
cf.

" pedantry," ''pedant" can be expressed very vari-

ously in Latin,

N. D.

3.

31. 71 posse

acerbos

Zenonis schola
diligens ele-

ex ire
38.

Pro Mur.

9.

19 inultorum difficultatem exsorbuit ; Brut.

143 erat in Crasso latine loquendi sine

moles tia

gantia.

134

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

et

co7isuetiido vitiosa
seri7W7iis

corrupta

(opp. pura

et

iitcorriipta)

incorrect usage.
sermonis integritas^ (Brut. 35. 132)

incorrupta

latifii

pure,

correct Latin.

sermo latinus (opp. sernio

parum

latinus)

(cf. p.

94, note)

good Latin.
latine loqui (Brut. 45.

166)

(i) to

speak Latin, (2) to

express

speak good Latin (also bene

oneself clearly.
graece or graeca lingua loqui

latine)^ (3) to

to

speak the Greek lan-

guage.
latinam
,
.

linmam
.

scire

or didicisse\ Vto
I

know

Latin.

latine scire latine

commentari

to write treatises in Latin.

aliquid e graeco
transferre

i?t

latinum (sermonem) convertere, veriere^

to translate

from Greek into Latin.

to translate Plato.

Platonem

vertere

convertere

ab or de (not ex) Platone

translate

vertere^ convertere^ transferre

to

from Plato.
sujit

ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa

follows has

what

been translated into Latin from Plato's

Phaedo.
aliquid (graeca) latine reddere or sermotie latino interpretari

to render

something
.

in Latin.
.

ad verbmn

transferre, exprimere\
\

,.

to translate literally,
r

word
7

verbiwi e verbo expnmere

verbum pro verbo reddere

.

for

word
.

(not

verl?o

tenus).
j

totidem verbis transferre

his fere
verbis^

hoc fere

modo

convertere,

transferre

to

translate freely.
^

Cf. Cic.

ad Herenn.

4. 12.

ij latiniias est quae

sermonem ptiru7)i
1

consei"vat ab

omni

vitio

remotum.

TRANSLA TION GRAMMAR

liber
{scriptoris)

convers7is,
;

translafus

SENTENCE the work when

1

35

translated

translation (concrete).

interpretation translatio (not versio or conversio)

the

pro-

cess of translation.
interpres
les:es

the
,

translator.
1
.
\

dicendi

Uhe

rules of speech,

grammar.

praecepta

granu7iaticornm

gra7?wiaticus'^

(De

Or.

i.

3.

10)

emendate scribere
latine scribere
^

a
4)

linguist, philologian.

to write correctly, in faultless style.

2.

(Opt. Gen. Or.

to write

good

Latin.

8.

SENTENCE PERIODWORDS PROVERBS

SYLLABLES
enunfiafum, sententia

enuntiatio,
tion.

composition

structura

the verborum the

periodus

sentence, proposi-

structure

of

the

sentence.

ambitus

circuit us,

comprehension
'^\m.-^\^

continuatio

(verborum

orationis\ also
construction

the
3.

period.

structura verborimi, forttia

dicendi

the
to

con-

struction.
adiungin <^ddi coniunctiw (Marc.

Cap.

83)

be used

with the conjunctive mood.

^

Not

regula,

which means a
is

level,

standard,

e.g.

regtda

ad

qiiam indicia rerujn difigtcntnr (Cic.)

-

The adverb gramm-atice

;

used with loqui, scribere = \.o speak,

tvlq

write correctly

gra7nmatista2X\A also litterator

used of element-

ary teachers.
^

Cf.
3.

latine docere philosophiam, to teach philosophy in Latin

12.

Fin.

40 latine
7.

scire,

to

know

Latin

(cf.

eWrjuLari ^vvievai

Xcn. Anab.
22. 62), in

6. 8).

Also latine

didicisse, latine oblivisci (Caec.

which Drager supposes an

ellipse of loqui or dicere.

'36
copia, uberlas

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

vcr/?onim-i^YO^m\on of words.
esse,

verbis

abimdantem
words.

abimdare

io

be

rich

in

inopia

verbomm^yoverty of expression.

leaissimis verbis uti

(De

Or.

3.

37)-to employ

carefully

chosen expressions.
prisca,
obsoleta

(opp.

iisitata\

ambigua z^^r^^obsolete,

ambiguous expressions.
locutio (Brut. 74.

258) a
literally.

phrase.
;

verbo, izomine ; re, re

si verba spectas

quidem z^^r^ nominally

really.

verbis alicuius, e.g.

salutare (Liv.

9.

36) in some

one's

on some one's behalf (not nomine alicuius). haec verba sunt (Ter. Phorm. 3. 2. 32)-these are mere empty phrases.
;

name

inanis verborum sonitusmQro words

inanium verborum flumen senseless rant. flosculi, rheforum pompafine, rhetorical phrases.

empty sound.

11) to let fall an expression. nullu7n {omnino) verbum facere~to not say a word. ne verbum (without unum) quidem de a/iquo facere~to say not a syllable about a person.
verba facere {de aliqua
subject.
re,

voces iacere (Sail. lug.

apud a/iquem)~-to speak on a

verbum ex aliquo elicereio extract a word from some

one.
verbis conceriare or alterairi

cum

aliquo (B. C.

3. 19.

6) to

hold an altercation with a man. verborum cojtcertatio an altercation, debate.

pauca

dicere

{pauca verba

dicere

only of the orator) to

say only a few words.

07Jinia

verba hue redeuntd\\ this

means

to say.

WORDS
indium verbum ex ore
eiiis

137

excidit (or

simply

ei)

no word

escaped him.
verbo

panun

valere (Tusc.

3.

5.

11)

to

be unable to find

a suitable expression.
verbinn prorsus nu//i(?n infelkgere
single word.
/luic rei deest

not

to

understand a

apud nos vocabidum

we have no expression
to

for that.

induccre novtim

verbum in latinam linguam

introduce

new word into the Latin language. verba parere fingere^ facere to invent, form words. nomimun interpretatio etymology (not etymologia).
a
^

vocabulum^ verbum, nomen ducere

derive a word from
first
. .

ab,

ex

to form,

(used of the

man who
word from
of

creates the word).

to

derive a
,

verbumductumessea
-

putare\
. .
.

ori^ine?)i veroi repetere

....

(used
x

an

\ I

etymologist).
to

7iomina enodare or verborum origines quaerere, indagare

give the etymological explanation of words. ab a7)mndo nomen simply

ajnicitiae (or

amicitia) dicitur

the word amicitia comes from a7nare.

in aliqua re

did

to

be used
?

in

speaking of a thing.
is

quid significat, sonat haec vox

quae quae
est vis
7iotio

what
huius verbi ?
or sententia subiecta

the meaning, the

original

sense

of this

word
est huic voci ?
vis et notio verbi,

vocahdi

the fundamental meaning of a

word.
verlmm derivare means to form new words from words which by adding a syllable, Airides from Ahrtts. For word-building, of. Cic. De Or. 3. 37 and 38 Hor. A. P. 46.
^
;

exist already, e.g.

138

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

i.

vox, nouien carendi or simply carere hoc significat (Tusc.

2^^.

88)

the word
" ?

carere

means

quem

intellegitnus sapientem ?

what do we understand by
?

"a wise man

.

quae mtellegitur virtus^

,
, .

quia

^what do we mean by "virtue "

declarare

est virtus ?

idem vakre,

significare,

to

have the

same

meaning.
vocabula
ideiji

fere declarantia

synonyms.
word has a more extended
has a narrow mean-

vocabulum

latius patet

the

signification.

vocabulum angustius valet

ing.

the word

iracimdiam

sic {ita)

definiunt^

ut ulciscendi /ibidijiem esse

dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracimdiam sic definiu?it,

ulc.

libidinem

anger

is

defined as

a passionate

desire for revenge.

in

bonam (nialam) partem

accipere

aliquid

to

take

thing in good (bad) part.

aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc
7to7?ien

sit

the

word
in a

ae7?iulatio is

employed with
sense.

two meanings,
verba ac litteras or
spirit)

good and a bad

scriptu77i {legis)

sequi (opp. sententia the

to

hold by the letter (of the law).

hoc vocabulu77i generis neutri (not neutrius) est

is

this

word

neuter.
6t^.

ordo verboru77i (Or.

vocabulu77i

214)

proprium

the

the order of words.

proper term
;

word used

strictly.

verbu7n traiislatiwi (Or. 27. 92)

figurative expression;

a word used metaphorically.

translatio

a metaphor.

PROVERBSSYLLABLES

139

continua trans latio {Or. 27.

well-arranged words. verborum immutatio a trope metonymy. 94) an allegory;

verba composita
^
;

continuous

metaphor.
si7ftili

uti

to employ a comparison,
i.

simile.

dissitnulatio (Off.

30. 108)
c.

irony.

vetus {verbiwi) est (c. Ace.

Inf.)

it

was said long ago

that

ut est in proverbio
lit

or quod or quo7nodo aiunt^ las the proverb says. ut or

quemadmodum dicitur\
simply in proverbium venire

in proverbii consuetudinem or

to pass into a proverb.

proverbii locu7n obtinere

{li\i's>c.

4.

16. 36)

to

be used as

a proverb.
hoc est Graecis hotninibus in proverbio

this is a

proverb

among
bene
illo

the Greeks.

Graecorum proverbio praecipitur

that

Greek
us

proverb contains an excellent lesson.

vetamur
to

vetere proverbio
. .
.

an

old proverb

tells

not

proverbium vetustate or sermone

trituni (vid. p.

11,

note)

an old proverb which every one knows.

syllabam, litteram producere (opp. corripere) (Quintil,
9. 4.

89)

to lengthen the pronunciation of a syllable

or letter.
haec vox

tonga

syllaba

terminatur,

in

lojtgam syllabam

cadit^ exit

thi^ word ends

i.

in a long syllable.

oriri

a tonga [Do. Or.

syllable.

55.

236)

to begin with a long

coniuncta,

Compound words = cf. Cic De Or.

verba
3.

coputaia,

iimcla

(Or.

48.

159),

38. 154.

^40

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

syllabariun auceps:^ verbal, petty critic; a caviller.

verborum aucupium or captatiominMl^^ j^edantic

ing at words.
litteras

carj,-

expHmere (opp. obscurare)~\.o pronounce the

literally.

syllables distinctly.

litterae,

Utteram, litterateio the letter litterarum ^ ordo 1 alphabet.

ad

elementaf'^

ad

litteram or litterarum ordine digerere~\.o arrange in alphabetical order.

9.

WRITINGWRITERS BOOKS
2. i.

littens

ma?idare ox cojisignare a/iquid {Ac3.

2) to put

down
Utteris

in writing.
p.

persequi ivid
writing.

127,

note) aliquidio treat in

scriptorinol //^/^/-^ guarantor) the writer, author. scribereio take to writing, become an author. ad scribendu?7i or ad scribendi

studium
ani77ium
lere^

se conferre

[to
appel-

become

writer,

em-

ad scribendum

brace a literary career.

applicare

libriim scribere, conscriberelo write a book.

librum

conficere,

componere

(De

Sen.

i.

2) to

compose,

compile a book.
librum edere (Div.
i.

3.
\

6) to

publish a book.

librum evolvere, volvere

volumen explicare
Cf.

"^

P'" ^ ^^-

quarta ekmentonun

littera,

the fourth letter of the alphabet

(Suet. lul. 56).

WRITING
librum mitfere
to

ad a/ique??t
one,

WRITERSBOOKS dedicate a book

1

(Fin.

i. 3.

8)

to

some

index, inscriptio^ Hbri

liber inscribitur'^

the

title
2. 9.

of a book.

Laelius (Off.

30)

the book

is

entitled

"Laelius."
Cicero dicit in Laelio (sud) or
scribitur Laelius
est liber de
.
.

iit

eo (not s?id) libra, qui inin his 'Laelius."

. .

there

Cicero says
exists a

book on

exstat liber (notice the order of the words)

still

the

book

is

extant.

liber intercidit, periit

liber deperditus
of.

a book which has been

lost

the book has been

book
of

lost.

entirely lost sight

liber perditus

which fragments

(relliquide,

not fragmenta) remain.

liber

quifertur alicuius
one.

a book which
writer.

is

attributed to

some

nescio quis

an anonymous
ad
nescio

liber refertur

quem auctorem
writer.

the

book

is

attri-

buted to an unknown

hie liber est de ariiicitia (not agii) or hoc libra agitur de

am.

the book
...
.

treats of friendship.
1

libra continetur aliquid

libra

scnptor complexus est\

.

the book contams

somethmg
..
.

^.

...
i)

(not cantinet aliquid).

at the

aliquid
in extrema libra (Q, Fr.
^

J
2.
7.

end of the book.

Not
;

tittdus

which
(3)

ii\eans

(i)

an inscription on a tomb, monusale,

ment
higis.
'^

(2) public notice, e.g.

;

an advertisement of a
title,

sub titulu7n

misit lares (Ov.)

It is

metaph.
is

honour,

e.g.
title

considatus, con-

only in very late writers that it==a

of a book.

The

perfect inscriptus est

only used

when

the writer himself

libro,

is

speaking of his book,

est,

e.g. de

senedute dispiitavi eo
1

qui Cato

viaior inscriptus

"... which

have entitled Cato

maior.''^

142

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

liber inihi est in ma7iibus\

libnim in manibus habere Vto be engaged on a book.

(Acad.

I.

I.

2)

liber, oratio

in inanibus est

the

book, speech can easily

be obtained.
librum in manus sumere

to take

up a book

in

one's

hands.
librujji

de 7nanibus ponere 189, note).

to lay

down

book

{vid.

p.

perpoUre, limare diligenter librum, opus

to polish, finish a

work with the greatest

extrema manus
ponere operi)

care.

accedit operi (active extrema?n manu7ji i7n-

to put the finishing touch to a work.

liber accurate, diligenter scriptus

carefully written book.

aliquid,

multa ex Ciceronis

libris excerpere

(not excerpere

libruni)

to

make

extracts from Cicero's writings.

3.

aliquid in commentarios suos referre (Tusc.

22. 54)

to

enter a thing in one's note-book.

libruni annotare, interpolare, distinguere

to furnish a

book

with notes, additional extracts, marks of punctuation.

se

abdere

i?t

bibliothecam suaf?i

to

bury oneself

in

one's

library.

Platonem

legere, lectitare

to read Plato.
citare)

locum Platonis

afferre,

proferre (not
?ioster)

to

quote a

passage of Plato.
scriptor hoc loco dicit

our (not

author

tells

us at this

point.
Cicero loco quoda?n haec dicit
^

Cicero says

this

somewhere.
for a

Distinguish the two verbs /<?^r^ = to set

down

moment
Cf.

temporarily, and deponere to lay aside, abandon altogether.

vincere and devincere, perdere and deperdere.

WRITING WRITERS
Platonem
iegere et cognoscere

BOOKS

143

to study Plato.
cursorily,
est ox

legendo percurrere aliqidd

to read

apud Platotie77i scriptum videmus^ scriptum

simply

est

we read
i/t

in Plato.
scriptuDi est

Flato7iis

Phaedone

in Plato's "

Phaedo

"

we

read.

verba, oratio, exempliun scriptoris

the

text of the author

(not
legentes, ii

textt(s).

qui legunt'^

the reader.
anhnis afferre

l(mguore??t, molestia?ji legentimn

to

weary,

bore the reader.

liber plenus delectationis

a very charming book.

spirat

alicuius

mens

in

scriptis

a
i)

man's soul breathes

copy-

through his writings.

fuenduni (scripturae) (Fam.
ist's
6.
7.

clerical error,

mistake.

mendose scriptum
labi in scribendo

full

of orthographical errors. a mistake in writing. 77)

to

make

mendosum

esse (y^xx. 2. 4.
;

(i) to
full

make

frequent mis-

takes in writing

(2) to

be

of mistakes (speaking

of a passage).
indiicere

verbum

(Phil. 13. 19. 43)

to strike out, delete a

word.
^

Iegere in this

connection only in the perfect.

which means a professional reader, cf. De Or. 2. 55. 223. Similarly ^' Zi\x(\.\encQ^^ = ii qui andiuni or audientes (usually in the oblique cases). Words in -tor and -trix always denote those who do something habitually or for some permanent object. Thus of func^

Not

lector,

tionaries

censor, dictator^ quaestor ; ofartisans^^/^r sculptor, insti-

tor retail dealer, mercator wholesale merchant, structor

mason

of

who are always showing some distinguishing quality or defect calumniator, ratiocinator ; of those who have performed a feat so repeople

markable as to confer on them a durable characteristic

(Romulus),
servator

creator urbis
victor

Graeciae

(Themistocles),

Cimbrorum

(Marius), etc-

144

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

lo.

LETTERS
viittere

epistidam {litteras) dare, scribere,

write a letter to
epistula

ad

align ew

to

some

one.
inlssa

ad Atticum

data,

scrip ta,

or quae

ad A.

scripta est

letter to Atticus.

epistidam dare alicui

ad

aliquetn

to charge

some one with

a letter for

some one

else.
5.

epistulam reddere alicui (Att.

to

21. 4)

to deliver a letter

some one (used

of the messenger).

epistularum conimerciuiii\

^correspondence.
htterae Diissae et allataeX

colloqui

cum

aliquo

per

litteras

to correspond with

some

one.
litteras iitter se

dare
.

et accipere

to

be

in

correspondence

with

litteras perf erre aliquo

to take a letter

somewhere.
also linum

epistula77i siguare, obsignare

to seal, fasten a letter.

epistulam solvere, aperire, resignare (of

incldere)

Romans

to

open a

letter.

epistidam intercipere (Att.

epistula7ii

i.

13. 2)

deprehendere

to intercept a letter.

to take forcible possession of a

letter.
litteras recitare (Att, 8. 9. 2)

6.

to read a letter aloud

(in

public).
Htterae hoc exemplo (Att.
9.

3)

letter,

the tenor of

which

is

Htterae in hanc sententiam or his verbis scriptae sunt

the
ist.

terms, contents of the letter are as follows.

Kalendis lanuariis

Roma

{daba??i)

dies (fem. in this sense)

the

Rome, January

date.

DISPOSITION EMOTION IN GENERAL

pater opfime^ or
carissi?ne^
??ii

145

pater

{vid.

p.

197)

my

dear father.
litteras reddere

datas

a.

d.

Kal. X.
21st.

Octal?.

to deliver a

letter

dated September

IX.

THE EMOTIONS

I.

DISPOSITION EMOTION IN GENERAL

ajfectio

animi

or

habitus

(De

Inv.

2.

5)

humour;
divine a

disposition.
V ifa ^

ammo

affectum esse

to

be so disposed.
176)

animos tentare (Cluent.

63.

to

try

to

person's disposition.
^

animum

alicuius

or simply aliquem fiectere

to

make

person change his intention.

y am??ii motus, commotio, permotio aliqua re moveri, commoveri
alicuius

the emotions,

feelings.

animimi commovere

to be moved by a
to

thing.

touch a person's heart,

move him.
alicuius ani7?ium pellere

to

make an impression on
sedare,

person's mind.

motus excitare in animo (opp.

excite emotion.
co77imotu77i
co77i77iotu77i

exstinguere)

to

or concitatiwi esse

perturbatumquc

esse

be moved, be
to
to

agitated.

greatly agitated.

alicuius

77ie7ite77i

turlmre, C07iturbare, perturbare

to upset

a person.

quid
^

tibi a7ti77ii est ?

what
,

sort of

humour

are

you

in

Neither amatus nor dilectus can be used in

this

connection.

But not ntagno,

laeto, etc.

aninio

affici.

146

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

2.

JOY PAIN.
laetitia\ to give

\J afficere

aliquem gaudio,

pleasure to

some

ajferre allaii laetitiain

.

one.

laetitlam capere or percipere ex\

aliquare
delectari aliqua re

^

to

^^^^

V^^^^Mi^

in

in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)

to rejoice in secret.

gaudio perfundi^

be

filled

with delight.

cumulum gaudii

alicui afferre {vid. p. 50)

(Fam.

16. 21.

i)

to

add the crowning point

gaudio, laetitia exsiiltare

laetitia gestire

to a person's joy.

to utter cries of joy.

(Tusc.

4.

6.

13)

to

be transported with

joy.
effusa"^ laetitia\ ^ha ^v7 laetitia gestiens
j

transport of joy. '

^

i gaudio,

laetitia efferri

animum
ni77iio

alicuius

ad

laetitiam excitare

to be beside oneself with put a man

to

joy.
in a

pleasurable frame of mind.

gaudio paene desipere

to almost lose one's reason

from excess of
doleo aliqiiid^ aliqua

joy.

re^

de and^

ex aliqua re
aegre,

graviter,

moleste fero
c. Inf.

U am

pained, vexed, sorry.

aliquid (or with Ace.

or quod)

gaudio conipleri (Fin. 5. 14. 69) is rare does not occur. Speaking generally, replere, should not. be used of the emotions.
1

in Cicero coviplere^

gaudio
iinplere,

iinpleri

Cf. cffusafiiga,

headlong

flight

effiisi

siimptus, lavish expendi17).

ture (Rose.

Am.

24. 68), ciirsus effusus (Liv. 9. 41.

JOY PAIN
Uiain vice^u'^ doleo
v/

147

am

sorry for you.

dolore affici

to feel pain.

dolore77i capere (^percipere) ex aliqua re

to

be vexed about

a thing.

doloribiis preini, angi^ ardere, cruciari^ distineri et divelli

to feel acute pain.

dolorejn aliciii facere^ afferre, conimovere

to cause a person

pain.
acerbuvi dolore7?i alicid inurere

to cause

any one very

very

acute pain.
acer morsn's doloris est (Tusc.
severe.
2.

22. 53)

the pain
find

is

dolorem

in

lacrwias

effiindere

2.

to

relief

in

tears.

V dolori

indidgere

to give

way

to grief.

dolor infixus a?ihjw haeret (Phil.

26)

grief has struck

deep into

his soul.

dolore confici^ tabescere

grief.

to

be wasted with grief; to die of

dolores rejuittunt, relaxant

dolori resistere
calliwi

the pain grows

(Tusc.
2.

less.

to struggle against grief.

dolori
15.

obducere'^

36)

to

render

insensible to pain.

animus

7?ieus

ad dolorem obduruit (Fam.

callous
to all

2.

16. i)

have

become
dolorem

pain.

abicere, deponere, depellere

to banish grief.

^ vicem with a genitive or a possessive pronoun has the meaning " on account of," " with regard to," especially with verljs expressing

the emotions, e.g. doleo, timeo, irascor.

^

Note too

consuetiido calhim obdiixit stoiiiacho

callous,
callujii

??ieo

(Fam.

9. 2. 3),

habit has

made me

properly

is

the thick nerveless

skin which covers the bodies of animals.

'4^

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

9. 6.

dolorem aliad cripere (Att.

his pain.
CU171

4)-to

free a

person from

magno

7?ieo

doloreio

my

sorrow.

3.

VEXATION CARE EQUANIMITY-

CONTENTMENTAFFLICTION

in aegritudine, sollicitudine esse\

aegritudine, sollicitudine affici
sollicitu7n esse

^^.

^^"^^^^

mortified,

anxious.

|not to trouble oneself about a non laborare de aliqua re\ thing.

aliquid

nihil

omnino curare

me

sollicitat,

me

sollicitum habet,

mihi

sollicitudini

est,

mihi sollicitudinem

^#r/ something
co7ificit

harasses

me, makes
aegritudo exest

me

anxious.
pla7ieque

animum

(Tusc.

3.

anxiety gnaws
sj

13. 27)

aegritudine, curis

and incapacitates it. co7tfai~to be wasting away with grief

debilitatum
esse,

at the heart

aegritudine

afflictu77i,

iacerelo be

bowed

down, prostrated by grief

aegritudine7n alicuius elevare |to comfort another in his alique7n aegritudi7ie levare trouble. J quieto, tranquillo, securo ani77io esse~\o enjoy peace

v/

of mind. rebus suis, sorte sua contentum esseto be contented. satis habeo, satis mihi est c. Inf I am

content to

parvo contentum esse~\o be satisfied with a little. ^fortunae meae me paenitet^~-\ am discontented with mv ^
paucis,
lot.
^ The evidence of inscriptions to the derivation oi paenitet, not

but from the root contained in penes, penetrare, penitus ; its orimnal nieanrng would thus be, - to be touched, " affected within,
at heart

and the best MSS. seems to point from poena (cf. punire, impunis),

(Breal).

AFFLICTION FEAR TERROR ANXIETY

149

non

7ne paenitet^

quantum profecerim

am

not dissatisfied

with

my

progress.

in luctu esse (Sest. 14. 32)

i?i

sordibus

luchique

iacere

to suffer affliction.

to

be

in

great

trouble,

affliction.
77iors aliciiius luctu7n 77tihi attidit

some

one's death has

plunged
i7i

me

in grief.

77iaxi77ios

Indus incidere

to

be overwhelmed by a

great affliction.
77iagnu77i luctu77i

hauTire (without ex-^

to

undergo severe
about a thing.
all

trouble,

trials.

luctuni percipere
077ine77i

ex aliqua re
plane

to feel sorrow

luctu77i

abstergere

to

banish

sad

thoughts.
luctimi
depoiiere
(Phil.
14.
13.

34)

to lay

aside one's

grief.

vel 77iaximos luctu s vetustate to Ilit diutitrnitas

5)

(Fam.

5.

16.

time assuages the most

4.

violent grief.

FEAR TERRORANXIETY
more
i.

ti77iore7n^

terrorem alicui inicere^

strongly incutere

to

inspire fear, terror.

ti77ior alique77i

occupat (B. G.

39)

fear

comes upon

some one.
in ti77iore esse, versari
i7i

to

be

in fear.

timore77i venire, pervenire

to

become

frightened.
is

7}ietus alique77i

exanimat (Mil.

24. 65)

a man
fear.

paralysed

with

fear.

exalbescere 77ietu
77ietu

to

grow pale with

by

fractu77i et debilitatu77i, perculsu77i esse

to

be com-

pletely prostrated

fear.

ISO

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

abicere^ omittere ti?}iore??i

to banish one's fears.

a metu respirare (Cluent.

ex metu

70.

200)] to recover from one's

J

se recreare^ se colligere

fright.

respiratidi spatium dare

to give time for recovery.

\

terror i7icidit alicid

,.
.

,.

terror invadit in
alicui, after

ahquem

terror,

panic seizes some

(rarely V

Livy

aliqueffi)

in terroref?i conicere alique?ii

terror.

to

overwhelm some one with

fret.

(anhjio) afigi {Brut. 27)

to

be very uneasy; to

cura

sollicitat

angitqiie

aHqiie??i

anxiety

troubles

and

torments one.
angoribiis prenii

angoribus confici (Phil.

to be tormented with anxiety. 37) to be worn out, almost

2.

15.

dead with anxiety.

COURAGE DISCOURAGEMENTPUSILLANIMITY PRIDEARROGANCE5.

INSOLENCE
bono animo
esse
,
\
,

bonum animum habere

animus

-to
\

be brave, courageous.
.

alicid accedit, cresdt\

J..

anwium

vto take courage.

I

capere., colligere
2.

animu77i recipere (Liv.

ani^no forti esse
to

50)

fortem

te

alacri et erecto aniino esse

spirit.

be brave by nature. praebe be brave show

!

to take

courage again.

to

a brisk

and cheerful
encouraging

animum facere^
a person

addere alicid

to succeed

in

DISCOURAGEMENT, ETC. strengthen, confirm a?iimum person's courage. augere increase a person's animum courage. courage. animiim
COURAGE
aliciuus
151

confirinarc

to

alicui

ifi. ().

7.

70)

to

alicuiiis redintegrare

to re-inspire

a7iimus fraiigitur^
spirits are

affligitur^ perceHitur,

debilitatur

their

broken.

animos militum accendere

to fire with courage.

is

anwii cadmit

their courage

ebbing.
;

animo

cadere. deficere\

ammum
erigere

Vto lose courage

\

to despair. to

demittere
aliciuus

animiim

or

aliquetn

encourage a

person.
excitare

anwiuni

iacentem
to

et

affliction

(opp. frangere

ani?7iufn)

inspire

the spiritless and prostrate

with
ajiimo esse

new

vigour.

/iu?7iili,

demisso (more strongly animo esse fracto.,

3.

perculso et abiecto) (Att.

2)

to

be cast down,

discouraged, in despair.
inflatum.,

elatuni

esse

aliqua re

to

be proud, arrogant

by reason of something.
insolentia^ superbia

inflatu?n esse

to be puffed

up with

pride.

magnos

spiritus sibi

sumere (B. G.

i.

-^t^

spiritus alicuius reprimere

insolentius se efferre
elatius se gerere
sibi

to

be haughty.

to lower a person's pride.

to

behave arrogantly.

to give oneself airs.

i.

sumere aliquid {\:inc.

3)

contiunacius se gerere
libera

to take

upon
71)

oneself.

to display a p*roud obstinacy.

i.

contumacia Socratis (Tusc.

29.

the

frank
his

but

defiant

demeanour

of

Socrates

(before

judges).

152

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

l^RESENCE OF

6.

MINDCOMPOSURE-

DESPAIR
praesenti ani77w uti {vid. p. 84, note)

to possess presence

of mind.

aequo {aequissimo) animo ferre aliquid

to endure a thing
composure.

with (the greatest) sang-froid.

hu??iane, modice^ moderate, sapienter, consta?ifer ferre aliqiiid

to bear a thing with resignation,

esse

{animo) parafum
thing.

ad
esse

aliquid

to

be resigned to a

omnia perpeti paratum

thing.

to

be ready to endure any-

ad

07nnes casus se comparare\.o prepare oneself for all

contingencies.
animu77i
alicuius

de

statu,

de

gradu

demovere
to

(more
a

strongly

depellere,

deturbare)

disconcert

person.
de statu suo or
77ientis deici

(Att. 16. 15)

to lose one's

composure;

to

de gradu

deici,

ut dicitur

be disconcerted.

perturbari {ani77i6)
sui (me7ttis) ^
'

C077ipdte77i

non

esse

apud

non

esseX
,,.,

,^,
{r\<i\^.\..
^

se

mA.r
J 4.

to
,

lose
.,

ones head,
,^

-,

be

beside oneself.
17.

4. 8.

26)

mente vix constare (Tusc.

with
difficulty.
11..

39)

to

compose oneself
unconcerned.

ani7no adesse (Sull.

2,2>)

^^ t)e quite

^ These expressions are metaphors from the fencing -school. gradus is the position taken up by a combatant, so gradu depelli, deici io be driven out of one's ground. ^ Used especially in the comic poets.

COMPOSURE DESPAIRHOPE
ad
se redire

153

to regain one's self-possession.

,

consta7itiain servare]

>to

be calm, seli-possessed.
to despair of one's position.
addtici {^. C.
2.

,r

menfe consistere
desperare
^

suis rebus

ad {summavi) desperationem pervenire^

42)

quid

to

be plunged into the depths of despair.

2.

desperatio reriwi (ofnnium) (Catil.

11.

25)

absolute
will

despair
(de)

a hopeless situation.
3.

me Jiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. become of me ? actum est de me it's all over with me

37)

what
lost

I'm a

man.

7.

HOPE EXPECTATION
.KO cherish a hope.
1
,

spem habere
,
.
.

speduci^

niti^

teneriX
(^\\}ci

7nagna me spes tenet

Ace.

c. Inf.)
.
. .

(Tusc.

i.

41.

to

97)

have great hopes that

sperare videor

I flatter

myself with the hope

bene^ opti??ie {ineliord) sperare de aliquo

(Nep. Milt.

i.

i)

hope

well of a person.
.

in spetji vefiire, ingredi, adduci\ vto spem concipere

ammo

conceive a hope.
to revive a hope. to inspire

spem redintegrare (B. G.

7.

25)

spem

alicui facere, afferre^ inicere

any one with

hope.
generally with de, more rarely with the meaning "to no longer count upon a thing," e.g. redihim, pacem ; or with the dative, especially with sibi, stiis rebus, saluti, forhinae suae. Note the wsq oi desperatus, "abandoned," "given up," "despaired of," e.g. desperati morbi (Cic), aegrota ac paene desperata res publica (Cic.)
^

desperare

is

used,

accusative, in the

154

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

speui aliqiiem excitare^ erigere
in

ad

to

awaken new hope

22.

some

one.
spe))i

I'jt

maximam
inspire

aliquem addiicere (Att.

2.

3)

to
15.

some one with

the most brilliant hopes.

2.

in 7nelioreni spein^ cogifatione?n aliquem indiicere (Off.

53)

to

induce some one to take a brighter view

of things.
spent proponere alicui

to lead

spes ajfulget (Liv. 27. 28)

some one to expect ray of hope shines on

us.

spent falsam alicui ostendere

to rouse a vain, groundless

hope

in

some

one's mind.

spent alicui adimere, tollere^ auferre, eripere

to deprive a

person of hope.
spent praecldere^ incidere (Liv.
2.

15)

to cut off all hope.

spem ptrdere
,
.

1
r,.
7
'

spe detct, depellt^ deturoart\

spes

-Ko

lose hope.

ad

irritunt cadif,

ad

irrituju redigitur

expectation

is

overthrown.
spent abicere, deponere
inani^ falsa spe
dtici,

to give

up hoping.

induci

spes

me frustratur

spes extenuatur
spent

et evanescit

alicttius fallere

hope has played me hope vanishing by degrees. deceive a 23)

false.
is

to be misled by a vain hope.

4.

(Catil.

11.

to

person's hopes.
spent alicui or alicuius 7?tinuere

to

weaken, diminish a
person

person's hope.
spent alicuius confirtnare

to strengthen a

in

his

hopes.
spe77t ale re spe??t

to entertain a hope.

habere in aliquo

spent

suam ponere.

.to
\

set

one
one.

hope

on

collocare

itt \

some
I

altquo

HOPEEXPECTA TIONPriY
iiiter

55

spent

vietiwique

siispe7isici)i

animi

esse

to

hover

between hope and

exspectatmiem
^

fear.

praeter spem, exspectationem

sui facere^

contrary expectation. coinmovere to cause oneself

to

to

be expected.
exspectatio?iem

explere

(De

Or.

i.

47.

205)

to

fulfil

expectation.
exspectatio7ii
satisfacere^

respondere

to

respond

to

ex-

pectations.
exspectatione alicuius rei pendere {animi) (Leg. Agr.
2.

25.

dd)

to

be

in suspense, waiting for a thing.

exspectatione

torqiieri^

cruciarito

suffer

torments

of

expectation, delay.
suspense

animo

exspectare

aliqiiid

to

be waiting

in

suspense for
aliqice?n in

...
exspectatione7?i adducere (Tusc.
i.

su7nviam

17.

39)

to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to

the highest pitch.

8.

PITY PARDONWANT OF FEELING-

CRUELTY
misericordia77i alicui co77tmovere\

Ito excite
77iisericordiam alicuius concitare

some one's

pity.

1
adducere, inducere

ad

77iisericordia77i

alique77i

a/Iicere,

to

arouse feelings of compassion in some one.

77iisericordia 77ioveri,

capi

(De

Or.

2.

47)

to

be touched
sympathy,

with pity.
7nisericordia77i i77iplorare

to implore a person's

pity.
^

Att.

I.

4.

crehras exspeciationes tui conimoves

i.e.

you are

leading us to expect your arrival.

156

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ijidulgere vitiis alicuius

faults.

to

be indulgent

to

a person's

alicui

veniam
one.

dare

{alicuius

ret)

to

pardon

some

077inem hm?ianitaiem exuisse, abto

iecisse (Lig. 5.

be quite insensible
all

to

14)
ity.

omnem
sisse

feelings of

huinanitatis sensum ami-

human-

omnis humanitatis expertem

ing in sympathy.

esse

to

be absolutely want-

omnem

hufuanitatem ex animo exstirpare (Amic.

to
stifle,

13.

48)

repress

all

humane sentiments

in one's

mind.
nulla7?i parte??i

sensus habere

to possess not

the least

spark of "feeling.
crudelitate uti {vid. p. 84, note)

to

behave with

cruelty.

crudelitatem exercere

ift

aliquo

to exercise one's cruelty

crudelitatem adhibere in aliquemx

ani77iadvertere
i7i

on some one.

alique77t

to

inflict

punishment on a

person.

9.

LOVE LONGINGADMIRATIONENTHUSIASM

caru77i habere aUque77i

^
-

,.

to
\
y.
,

feel

affection

for

171

a77iore

habere alique77i
..

person.

a77iore prosequi^ a77iplecti

ahque7n\
\
,.

caru77i esse alicui

.\\.o
\

carum atque

be dear

to

some

one.

tucundu77i esse alicui

ada77iasse aliquem (only in Perf.

2.

and Plup.) (Nep. Dion

to

3)

to

become devoted

some

one.

L VE

Z ONGING^ADMIRA TION
amare (Leg.
i8.

57

aliqiiem toto pectore^ nt dicitur^

49)

i.

to

love

some one very

to love deeply.

dearly, with all one's heart.

i.

aliquem ex animo ox ex aniini sententia amare (Q. Fr.

5)

amove captum^ incenswn^ inflammatum

fired with love.

esse,

ardere

to

be

a7}iorem

ex animo

eicere

to

banish

love from

one's

mind.

mel ac deliciae
amores
in
,

aliciiius
,

(Fam.
.

8. 8. i)l
\

,.

..

^somebody
(active in

darhng.
habere

,.

et deliciae alicuius et
deliciis

amore

esse alicui

deliciis

aliquem)

to

be some one's favourite.

est in

aliquem in sinu gestare {aliquis

sinu alicuius) (Ter.

friend of

Ad.

4. 5.

75)

to love

and make a bosom

or
cordi^
est

a person.
aliquis,

aliquid

mihi
is

curae

somebody,
;

something

never absent from

my

thoughts.
to

curae habere aliquid

to have
ut)
.

laid

something to heart

take an interest in a thing.

nihil antiquius or prius habeo

quam

ut {nihil mihi antiquius

is

ox potius

est,

quam

there
.

nothing

am more

interested in than
desiderio alicuius rei

tejteri, affici

(more

^\.xor\'^y flagrare,

incensum
desiderio

exardescere
esse)

to long for a thing, to

yearn for

it.

be consumed with longing.

\

admirationi admiratione

esse
affici'^

Uo
8. 2.

be admired.

admirationem habere\Q}im\i\.

6)1

pecHis metaphorically only occurs in isolated phrases, e.g. toto

cogitare,

pectore,

tremere.

Its
is

commonest

substitute

is

aninncs.

Similarly cor metaphorically

^

only used in the phrase

filled

coj'di est.

admiratione

affici also

means "to be

with admiration."

15

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

est adjiiiratio alicuius

magna

some one

is

the object of

much

admiration.
aliciii

admirationem

movere

to

fill

person

with

astonishment.
admiratione inceiisiim
admirabilia
esse
( = 7rapd8o^a)

studio ardere alicuius

be with admiration. paradoxes surprising or (De Or.

to
fired
;

things.
i)

alicuius rei

2.

i.

to

have enthusiasm

for a

person or thing.

studio alicuius rei alique^n incendere

to

make some one

enthusiastic for a thing.

ardor, inflam77iatio animi,
tior
i7icitatio

mentis, mentis vis incita-

enthusiasm.

ardore?n animi resti?iguere

to

damp,

chill

enthusiasm.

ardor

ani7Jii resedit, consedit

rhis

enthusiasm has abated,

cooled down.

10.

BELIEF CONFIDENCE LOYALTY PROTECTION PROMISEVERACITY

{.fides,

fiducia)

fide77i

habere alicui

fide77i alicuius rei

to believe a person. facere make some

alicui

to

one believe
in, trust

a thing.
fide77i tribuere,

adiimgere alicui rei

to believe

in

a thing.
meanings A. subjectively (i) in an active which some one holds ; (2) passive, veracity, credit which one enjoys ; (3) neutral, good faith, sincerity, loyalty, conscientiousness, and especially of the protection which one B. (4) active, ratification, expects by appealing to a man's loyalty.
^

fides has six principal

belief,

sense,

confidence,

sanction;

(5) passive,

the thing promised, surety, guarantee;

Cf.

(6)

neutral, authenticity, certitude, truth of a thing.

Stil.

Haacke, Lat

40-41.

CONFIDENCE
fidem abrogare^
credit.

LO YAL TY^PROTECTION derogare rob a person of

alicui

59

to

his

fideni alicuius i7?imimiere, {nfirma7'e (opp.

confirmaix^

to

weaken, destroy a man's

fiduciam in

credit.

aliqiio ponere^ coUocare\\.o

put confidence

in

cofifidere alicui

(but aliqjia re)

rei)

fiduciam {alicuius
in a thing.

habere

some

one.

to

have great confidence

fiducia sui {\A\. 25. 37)

self-confidence.
to
entrust a

commitfere aliquid alicui or alicuius fidei

thing to a person's
totu7n se couwiittere^

good

faith.

tradere alicui

to put oneself entirely

keep

in

some one's hands.

servare

fidem

colere,

fidem praestare alicui

one's word.
i.i

7.

to preserve one's loyalty.

to

keep

faith with a person,

fide viafiere (^. G.

4.

5)

fide7n laedere, violare^ fraTigere

to

remain

loyal.

to break one's word.

60.

fidem alicuius

labefacta7'e

(Cluent.

194)

to

make

person waver in his loyalty.

de fide deducere or a fide abducere alique77i

to

undermine
exchanged

a person's loyalty.
fide data et accepta (Sail. lug.
81.
1)

having
iti

pledges, promises.
se

co7iferre^

se

tradere^ se permittere

alicuius fide77i

to

put oneself under some one's protection.

confugere

ad

alique77i^

ad

fide77i

alicuius

to

flee

for

refuge to

some

one.
2.

in fide 771 recipere alique77i (B. G.

15. i)

to take a person

under one's protection.

fide77i alicuius obsecrare^ i77iplorare

to implore some's

one

protection.

i6o
jidej7i

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

addere
alicui
rei

to

confirm,

ratify,

sanction

something.
\J

fidem publicani dare,

iiiterponere

(Sail.

lug.
;

32.

i)

to

guarantee the protection of the state

a safe-conduct.

to

promise

fidem dare alicui (opp.

one's

accipere) (c.
. .
.

Ace.

c. Inf.)

to give

word that

fidem servare (opp. fallere^

tenere\

to

keep one's word (not

fidem persolvere

1
.

Vto

. ,_, fulfil

a promise.
to pledge one's

fide77i

{promissum) praestare

fidem interponere
to
r
.
.

(Sail. lug. 32. 5)

word

fidem prodere
,

fidem frangerex
promisso stare

Ko

break one

word.

to

to abide

by one's undertaking.

fide obstridum teneri (Pis. 13. 29)

to

be bound by one's
demere,

word
fidem

be on one's honour.
alicui rei (opp.
de-,

fiacere,

afferre

abrogare

fidem)

to

make

a thing credible.

aliquid fide77i habet (vid. also fides under History, p. 112)

a thing
for

finds credence,

is

credible.

sponsio7ie77i fiacere, sponsore77i esse pro aliquo

to

be security

some one.
c.

praestare alique77i, aliquid, de aliqua re or Ace.

to

Inf.

be answerable

for a person, a thing.

II.
suspicio7ie77i

SUSPICION PRESENTIMENT
77iovere, excitare, i7ticere,

dare alicui

to

rouse

a person's suspicions.
suspicionem habere de aliquo

to suspect a person.

SUSPICION PRESENTIMENT HA TRED

suspicio7iem alicuius re i habere
sicspicio {iiliaiius rei) cadit in

to be suspected of a thing.

aliqiiem^ pertinet

ad

aliqiiein

suspicion
reddere
/;/

falls

on some one.
adducere
{alicui)^

alique77i in sitspicionem

aliquem siispectum

to

make

a person suspected.

sHspicioneni

vocari,

cadere

to

become the

object of

suspicion.
in sKspicionem aiicui venire

to

be suspected by some one.

suspicioneni a se removere, depeiiere,propu/sare (Wexr. 3. 60.

140)

to clear oneself of a suspicion.

ex animo delere

suspicionem

to

banish

all

feeling

of

prejudice from the mind.

suspicio insidet in

... suspicio ei penitus

animo
.

ejus\
J

vhe

...m a suspicious
IS

mood.

inhaeret

suspicio tenuissima^ 7ninima

a suspicione alicuius rei

of a thing.

the abhorrere

faintest suspicion.

to

have no presentiment

animus praes ant malu7n\

anwio praesagio

>my mind forebodes

misfortune.

77ialu77i

12.

HATRED JEALOUSY ENVY

.
,

invisu7n esse aiicui

odio. invidiae esse aiicui
. . .

,.

...
apud
alique77i

Vto

be hated by some one.

in invidia esse alicui

in odio esse
I

i7ividia flagrare^ pre77ii

to

be detested.

in odiu77i^ in i7ividia77t'^venire aiicui

invidiam
alicuius

colligere (aliqua re)

to

incur
hatred.

odium

person's

subire, suscipere^

i7i

>

se convertere, sibi C07iflare

in alicuius odiu77i incurrere

62

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

invidiam,

in

odium

(alicuius)

vocare
to

aliquem
in invidiam adducere alique7n
invidia77i aliciii confiare (Catil. i. 9.

make
ular.

a person

odious, unpop-

23)

invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in

aliquem
capitali odio dissidere

ab aliquo

(De Am.
4.

i.

2)

to

be

separated by a deadly hatred.

odium explere aliqua

hatred.

re

(Liv.

32)

to

glut

one's

odium implacabile

suscipere

in

aliquem

to conceive

an

implacable hatred against a man.

odio or invidia
alicuius ardere

to

be consumed with

hatred.

odium inveteratum habere

in

alique7n

(Vat.

3.

6)

to

cherish an inveterate animosity against

odio

iftflammatum, accensum esse

some

one.

to

be

fired

with

passionate hatred.

odium

alicuius

injlammare
fill

to kindle hatred in a person's

vid.

heart
p.

to

some one with hatred (not implere,

exstinguere

146, note).

odium

restinguere,

to

stifle,

drown one's

hatred.

13.

DISCONTENTANGER REVENGE FURY

inoleste,

aegre, graviter,

iiidigne ferre aliquid

\

to

be

dis-

contented, vexed at a thing

indignitas,
atrocitas
rei

to chafe.

(Mur.

25.

51)

the

revolting

nature of an action.

facinus indignu?n f

(Ter. Andr.

i.

i.

118)

monstrous!

DISCONTENT ANGER KE VENGE EUR Y

ira incensum esse

63

iracundia inflammatum esse

ira ardere (Flacc. 35. 88)

]-to

be

fired with rage.

iracundia exardescere^ effervescere

passion,

to

be transported with

iracundia efferri

to

be carried away by one's anger.

ira defervescit (Tusc. 4. 36. 78)

his

anger cools.

virus acerbitatis suae effundere in

alique7n

(De Amic.

i^.

87)

to

vent
spite

one's

anger,

iram in aliqueni effundere

iram, di/em evoi7iere in aliquem
irae induigere (Liv.
23.

on some one.
play to one's

3)

to give free

anger.
praecipite7n in

iram

esse (Liv. 23. 7)

to

be short-tempered

to

be prone

to anger.

animu7ji explere
iracundia77i

to cool one's anger.

cohibere,

continere,

reprimere

to

restrain,

master one's passion.

iraTn resti7tguere^ sedare

to

calm one's anger.

animu77i alicuius ab iracundia revocare

to prevent
his anger,

some

one from growing angry, appease

stomachu7n, bile7n alicuimovere
ulcisci

to excite a person's wrath.

alique77i}

poenas expetere ab aliquo

oneself on
ulcisci aliquid^

some

one.
rei

poenas alicuius

expetere

to

revenge

to

revenge

oneself for a thing.

ulcisci alique77i

pro aliquo ox pro^ to

revenge oneself on

aliqua re

another
rei

for

thing

poenas alicuius or alicuius

repetere
^

or on
half.

some one's be-

ab aliquo

ulcisci

aliquem also means to avenge some one

to

exact

satisfaction

on

his behalf.

'^4

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

2,

iniuriaspersegui{Y^,,,
impellere

3.

9)__to avenge an

insult.

ahquem mfuroremio make some one furious furore infiammari, incendlXo become furious. furore incensus, abreptus, impulsus~m a transport of rage
indignatio aliquem

incedU~io be
25.
i.

filled

with indignation
of
irritation,

tndignationes

(Liv.

9)-signs

of

discontent.

X.

VIRTUES AND VICES

I.

VIRTUE MORALITY
(immoral)
life.

vita honesta {turpis)~2. virtuous

honesta expetere ; turpia fugerelo follow virtue; to flee

from

vice.

virtute praeditum,

ornatum

esse

(opp.

vitiis

obrtitum esse)

to be virtuous.

virtutem (iustitiam, pietatem) co/ere to cultivate virtue viam virtues ingredi (Off. i. ^2. ir8)-to walk in the

ways of
omnia

virtue.

consilia et facta

ad

virtutem referre^ {VhW. 10. 10.

20) to make
and
act.

virtue the standard in every thought

virtutem sequi, virtutis studiosum esse~\o strive to attam

virtue.
virtutis perfectae perfecto mujiere

fmgi

(Tusc.

i.

45. 109)

to live a perfect

life.

For -thoughts and deeds," cf. Or. 3. 43. 182 .;.,., instituta ^ facta; Prov. Cons. 8. 20 consilia et facia ; Fin. 2. 14. 5 studta et facta; Verr. 5. 14. ZS ^nentes homiimm et cogitatiojtes.
et

VIR TUEMORA LI TV VICE

virtutem pristinam retinere
]

65

to

live

as scrupulously
life

nihil ex pristina virtiite ronittere]

moral a

as ever.

summiiffi bonu77i^

i7i

virtute ponere

to consider virtue the

highest good.
virtus

hoc habet,
virtue,
it
.
.

ut
.

this

is

characteristic

of

a virtute discedere or deficere\ to deviate from the path of

honestatem deserere
virtue.
dege7ierare^
deflectere

7naiorum

virtute

desciscere,

to

deteriorate.

a pare7itibus dege7ierare
tors).

to degenerate (from one's ances-

comwipi^ depravari
excitare alique77i

to be demoralised,
virtute77i

corrupted.

ad

to rouse in

some one an

enthusiasm for
bo7iitas (Fin. 5. 29.

virtue.

65)
i.

kindheartedness.
32. 118)

7iaturae boTiitas {0^.

innate

goodness, kind-

ness.

naturae bo7ia

natural advantages.
2.

VICECRIME
be free from
faults.

onmi
vitia

vitio carere

to

erumpunt

{in aliqueni)

(De Amic.

21. 76)

his vices

betray themselves.
ani77iu77i vitiis

dedere

to

abandon oneself
vice.

to vice.
3. 8.

vitiis^ sceleribus C07ita77iinari

or se contaminare (Off.

37)

to be tainted with
bonorum
et

vitiis^ sceleribus

inquinatu77i^ C07itaminatu77i,

obrutum

esse

to be vicious, criminal.
^

Note

\.oo finis

malorum =

\.\iQ.

highest good and the

greatest evil.

^^^

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

omnibus flagitiis^

vitia exstirpare et funditus tollereio eradicate vice.

vita

vitiis dedita\2.

life

defiled by every

omnibus flagitiis ifiguinata J natura proclivem esse ad vitia~io

vita

crime.

have a natural pro-

pensity to vice.

meditate crime. committereto commit crime. /acinus facere, committerelo do a criminal deed.
7.

scelera

molin

(Att.

n) to

scelus facere,

scelere se devincire, se obstritigere,

to

commit a crime and

so

astringi
scelus {in se) concipere, suscipere]

make

oneself liable to
it.

the consequences of

scelus edere in

aliquem (Sest. 26. 58)-to against some one.

comm7t7^c^me

scelus scelere

cumulare

(Catil.

i.

6.

i4)-to heap crime on

crime.
scelus^ supplicio

expiare~to expiate a crime by punish-

ment.

3.

DESIRE-PASSIONSELF-CONTROL
injlammatum esse to be

cupiditate alic2Mus rei accensum,

]
*

fired with desire of a thing.

ci^piditate alicuius rei

ardere,fiagmreioh:,YQ an ardent

longing for a thing.

cupiditatem alicuius accendere

aliquem

ad cupiditatem

to
incitare

rouse

person's

aliquem cupiditate inflammare

Jlagittum

interest, cupidity.

I
IS a crime against oneself, e.g. drunkenness, scelus a sin against society at large, e.g. theft, murder, nefas a sin against God, e.g. sacrilege, parricide, facinus any unusual action, then generally a crime, outrage.
_

IS

DESIRE

ciipiditatibus occaecari (Fin.

PASSIONSELF- CONTROL be blinded

t.

167

10. Tyi)

to

by

passions.
libidine ferri

to

be carried away by one's passions.

se {totiuji) libidinibus dedere

to

abandon oneself

(entirely)

to debauchery.
cupiditatibus servire, pdrere
desires.
praecipite77i ferri

to

be the slave of one's

aliqua

re

(Verr.

5.

46.

121)

to

be

away by something. ho7no ii7ipotens sui la man

carried
ho77io effre7iatus^ i7tte77ipera72s
\

of

no

self-control,

self-indulgent.
et

sibi

t77iperare

or

coTitinere

to
co'ercere se ipsu77i

have self-control
restrain oneself,

to

mas-

ani77iu77i regere, co'ercere^ cohibere

ter one's inclinations.

a7ii77iu77i vi7icere

(Marcell.

3.

8)

t77iperare cupiditatibus
co'ercere^

cohibere^

contifiere,

Vto

overcome one's passions.

to bridle one's desires.
.

do77iitas

habere cupiditates\

ref7'e7iare cupiditates^ libidi7tes

effre7tatae cupiditates
. . .,. i7tdo77iitae aTtiTni cupiditates

...

1
\

Vunrestramed, unbridled
to satisfy one's desires. to arouse

,.,,,,
lust.

cupiditates explere^ satiare

Iibidine77i alicuius excitare

libido

do77ii7tatur (Or.

65.

219)

the

some one's

lust.

passions win the

day.
libido co7isedit

cupiditates deferbueruTtt {Cdit\. 18.

the storm of passion has abated. 43) the passions have

exstirpare

cooled down.
a7zi77ii

perturbatio7tes

to

eradicate

passion

from the mind.

i68

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

4.

WRONG-INSULT-OUTRAGE-OFFENCE
(cf.

p.

57)

iniuriam

inferre, facere alicut\

iniuria afficere aliquem

iniuria
lacessere

^^ '^'^"S ^ person.

J
provoke a person
by
a

aUquemio

gratuitous insult.
3. 17. 72)_to refrain from doing a wrong, an injustice. iniuriam accipereio be the victim of an mjustice. iniuriam ferre, pati to suffer wrong.

iniuria abstinere (Off.

iniurias defender^ repeikre,propulsare~io repel an injury

imurias negkgere~io leave a wrong unpunished, to ignore

it.

ad iniuria aliquem defendereio protect any one from wrong.

salisfacere^

alicui

pro

{de)

iniuriis-io give

some

one

satisfaction for

an

injury.

coniumelia aliquem afficere~\o insult

voces {verba) cotitu7neliosae\
.

some

one.

verborum contumeliae

|i"sulting expressions.
2>Z,

| I

contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem (vid p. to use insulting expressions to any one. maledictis aliquem onerare, lacerareio

note)

heap abuse on

some
offeiidere

one.

offendere aliquejn, alicuius

animuni
1^^
^^u^t

apud aliquem (Cluent.

23. 63)

some

one's

in offetisionem alicuius incurrerel

^^^^"^S^-

(Verr.

i.

12.

35)
re

offendi aliqua

j {animus offenditur)io

feel

hurt

by

something.

OFFENCE VIOLENCE A MB USCA DE

offendere
i?i

69

aliguo (Mil.

-^6.

99)

to

have something to

say against a person, to object to him.

offendere^ in aliqua re (Cluent.
36.

98)

to take a false

step in a thing
ojfetnionem habere

to

commit an

indiscretion.

to give offence
vid. p. 65).

to, to

shock a person

(used of things,

res habet aliqidd offensionis

there

is

something repulsive

about the thing.

5.

VIOLENCE AMBUSCADE THREATS

alicui

vim adhibere^facere
one.

to use

violence against

some

vim

i7ift'rre

alicui

to do violence to a person.
i.

vim

et

manus

afferre a/icui (Cdi'il.

8.

21)

to kill with

violence.
vi^n vi depellere
. .

\
,

VI

vim

rto illatam defendereX

.,,

meet force by
27)

force.

insidias coUocare^ locare

(Mil. 10.

to set

an ambus-

cade.
insidias alicui parare^ facere^ struere,
inslruere, Icjidere

to

waylay a person.
aliquem in insidiis
locare^ collocare^

ponere

to place

some

one
into

in

ambush.
elicere,

aliquem in insidias

inducere

to

draw some one

place oneself
in

an ambush.
19.

subsidere in insidiis (JMil.

49)

6.

to

ambush.
""

Notice too

offertdere

caput (Quintil.
to

3.

67), pedein (B.

;

Hisp.

23), to strike one's head, foot against anythint^

offendere ali(]iieni

imparatum

(Fam.

2.

3),

find

some

one

unprepared,

cf.

KaraXa/xiSdceti'.

170

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

{iniiiari) alicui morte7ii^

minitari

crucem

et tormenta^ beUu77i

to threaten

some one with

death, crucifixion,

torture, war.
7ninitari alicui igni ferroque (Phil. 13. 9. 21)

to threaten

with
dettuTitiare^

fire

and sword.
caede77i

bellu77i^

(Sest.

20.

46)

to

threaten

war, carnage.
TTiiTias iacere.

...
Utl
6.

iactare\
J

Vto use threats.

7711711S

APPEARANCE DECEIT FALSEHOODDERISION

alicuius rei habere

specie77i

to

have the appearance of

something.
to give the impression of
. . .

Speciem alicuius rei praebere

speciem prae seferre

in specie77i
specie

have the outward aspect

of
.
.

(De Amic.

13.

47) Vapparently
J

to look at.

per speciem

(alicuius rei)

per

simulatione77i, simulatio7te alicuius rei

under
ill.

pretext,

pretence of
simula?'e 77iorbu77i
dissi77iulare
^

to pretend to

be

ill.

^ 77iorbu77i

to

pretend not to be
i}?ifnine}'e,

''Threaten " in the sense of to be at hand, to be imminent,

is

rendered by some such word as

belhun inwiinet.
coniui'atio

impendere^ instare, e.g.

likely, to

For the meaning to seem

promise,

cf.

rem

piiblicafu

perversura videtur, the conspiracy threatens

Inf.

overthrow the state. ^ prae se ferve followed by Ace. and e.g. Romanum esse sejjiper prae me tuli.
to
^

= to

manifest, display,

simulo=\ pretend
Qicae noti

dissimulo=\ pretend not

person.

be what I am not, cf. aka^ibv, a braggart be what I am, cf. etpojv, a mock-modest sunt simulo, quae sunt ea dis simulant ur.
to to

DECEIT FALSEHOOD DERISION

aliqiiis

171

simidat aegrum or

se esse

aegnwi

some one
aliud
to

feigns

illness.

alifer

sentire

ac loqiii {aliud

sentire,

loqiii)

to

think one thing, say another;

opinions,

conceal one's

per dohuji

(B. G. 4. 13)

by
i.

craft.

dolis et fallaciis (Sail. Cat. 11. 2)

lies.

by the aid of fraud and

i)

sine

fuco ac fallaciis (Att.

frankly.

i.

without any

disguise,

verba dare alicui

i^Kxt. 15.

16)

to deceive a person,

throw

dust in his eyes.

mendacium
J-,

dicere
.

\
-,.
I

jalsa {pro veris) dicere

no

,.

tell lies.

ludere, irridere^ deridere

illiidere

aliquem
to

make

sport

of,

rally a

alicui

or

in

aliquem
person.

(more
in

rarely aliqueni)

ludibrio esse alicui

to serve as some one's

12.

butt.

ludibrium verti (Tac. Ann.

object of ridicule
;

26)

to

become an
person

to

be laughed

at.

omnibus artibus aliquem

thoroughly.

ludificari^ eludere

to fool a

per ludibrium

7.

in sport,

mockery.

DUTY INCLINATION
facere^ servare\

offlcium

suu7n

colere, tueri^ exsequi^

officio

praestare
(Div.

suo satisfacere
14.

in Vto

do one's duty.

Caec.
officio

47)

suo fungi

'72

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

officii partes

omnes

exsegui

to

fulfil

one's duty in every

7iulla7n officii parte fn deserere\

detail.

diligentem esse in retinendis officiis~io be exact, punctual in the performance of one's duty.
officiiim

siium deserere^ neglegere\

ab
de,

officio discedere

ab

officio

decedere

Y^

neglect one's duty.

officio

ad

7. 3) officium redireto return to one's duties.

i.

sua deesse (Fam.

in officio ma?iere (Att.

3)-to remain
is

faithful

to one's

duty.
contra officium est
c.

Inf. it

a breach of duty to
let

ab

officio

abduci,

avocariio

oneself be perverted

from one's duty.

salvo^
officio (Off.

3.

I.

4) without
~

violating, neglecting

one's duty.

multa

et

magna

inter nos officia

i?itercedunt

(Fam.

we
aliquem

13. 6:^)

are united by

many mutual
to

obligations.

in aliquetn officia conferre

officiis

suis co7Jiplecti^

be courteous, obliging to

prosequi
officiosum esse in aliquem
litterae
officii

some

one.

or humanitatis plenae2.

most courteous

letter.

'-

Notice salvh legibus (Fam.

3.

salvajide (Off.
2

on moral grounds or from a desire to please others (especially those in authority). Thus the word denotes not merely duty, sense of duty, faithful performance of duty, submissiveness (cf. xvi.
13), but

officium

is

i. 4), without breaking the lawwithout breaking one's word. used of anything which one feels bound to do, either

4. 44),

also

courteous,

obliging
it

behaviour,

complaisance, mark
office, service,

of

respect

Objectively
officium

has the meaning of an

command,

maritimum.

e.^'

INCHNA TION REASON CONSCIENCE

studere aliaii
nlicuius rei
rci^

173

stiidiosiim

esse

studio alicuhis rei teneri

propeiisuju,
proclivejii
esse

to

have an inclination
for a thing.

ad

aii(piid{o\iY^. alie?7Hm,
esse,

aversiDu

abhorrere ab aliqua re)

obsequi

studiis suis

(De

Or.

i.

j.

3)

to

follow one's

inclinations.
sibi or ingenio

suo indulgere (Nep. Chabr. 3)

to indulge

one's caprice.

8.

REASON CONSCIENCE REMORSE

to

rationis participem (opp. exper-

be
reason.

endowed

with

te77i)

esse

ratio7ie

praeditum

esse,

uti

prude nter,

considerate, consilio agere (opp. teniere, tiuIIo con-

silio,

nulla ratio?te)
2.

sapere (Off.

14.

48)
2)
'
.

to act reasonably, judiciously.

to

be a

man

of sense,

judg-

ment.
resipiscere (Att. a.
.

k.
.

ad sanitatem
^
,

to recover
\

ones

reason, be

reverti, redire
.

ad bonatn jrugeni

reasonable a^am.

se recipere\

ad sanitatem
satin

adducere, revocare aliqueni

to his senses.

to bring

some
?

one back
(

= satis7ie)

sanus

es ?

rationi repugnare

to^be contrary
{fac\
actae
I

are you
Va
I

in

your right mind

to all reason.

conscientia recta, recte facti

toru77i\
.^

virtutis,
,

be7ie
.

good conscience.

vitae, rectae volimtatis

77iens

bene sibi conscia

174
conscientia

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

mala ox peccatoriuji^
Va guilty conscience.

culpae^ scekris, delicti

animus male

sibi conscius

nulliiis culpae sibi

ill

conscium

esse

to

be conscious of no

deed.

conscientia 7norderi (Tusc. 4. 20. 45)

to

be conscience-

stricken.
conscientiae

maleficiorum

stimulant alique??i
rest.

his

guilty

conscience gives him no

conscientia

mala

angi, excruciari\ to
\

be tormented by
morse.

re-

(niens scelerum furiis agitatur)

conscientia recte

factorum

on one's clear conscience.

Furiae agitant
et

congratulate oneself vexant aliquem the Furies harass and

erigi

to

torment some one.

9.

MEASURE STANDARD LIMITMODERATION

tenere^
retineri^

moduni

servare,

adhibere

to

observe

moderation, be moderate.

omnia modice agere

to

be moderate

in all things,

commit

no

excess.

modum

facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei

ultra

to set a limit to a thing.

I
|

modum iransire extra modum prodire

Vto pass the limit.

inodum^ progredi^
excedere,

Only Livy and subsequent writers use modum

and

in

the same

way supra

f/iodttm.

STANDARD LIMITMORALS
to
metiri^ ponderare^ aestimare^ iu-

I75

measure something by
the standard of something
else
;

dicare aliquid {ex) aligua re

to

dirigere

or

referre

aliqidd

ad

make
cri-

something
terion.

one's

aliquam rem
fines certos

termmosque

co7istituere

to

impose fixed

limita-

tions.

terminis circumscribere aliquid

limit
it.

to set

bounds

to a thing,

moderatufn, C07iti7ientem esse

moderatum

se

praebere

Vto

behave with moderation.

temperajitia uti

moderatione?n^ inodiwi adhibere

to

show moderation
matter.

in a

in aliqiia re

moderari aliquid

{YXdiCQ.. 5.

12)

modice ac sapienter
sine 7Jiodo ;

extra^

with moderation and judgment. adhibito with no moderation. nullo measure. praeter modum beyond
77iodo
all

77iediocritate77i

tenere

(Off.

i.

25.

89)

to

observe

the

golden mean.

10.

MORALS IMMORALITY PRINCIPLESCHARACTER

moratus
perditus

ho77io bene {77iale) ho77io

praecepta

a depraved, abandoned character. moral precepts. de moribus ot de

virtute
J

a moral (immoral) man.

moral advice, rules

77iorum praecepta tradere alicui\ to give

de virtute praecipere alicui

77iores

of conduct.

corrupti or perditi

moral corruption (not corruptela

moruni).

^76
tarn perditis

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

or corruptis moribus-^moxx^'.i such moral

depravity.

mores in dies magis labnntur (also with ad, e.g. ad wo/. ////>,;^)_ immorality is daily gaining ground.
severus

montm

aliquid abhorret

castigator2. stern critic of morals. a meis moribus (opp. insitum

\atque

iniiatum'] est

ammo

or in animo alia(ius)~somQ-

thing

is

contrary to

my

moral sense, goes against

my
i?istitntum

principles.

consilia et facta (cf. p. 164,

note)-thought and deed.

ratione ;

tenere~{o remain true to one's principles. animi quodajn iiidicioon principle.

vitae ratio bene ac sapienter institnta^

sound and sens(Imp. Pomp.

ible

system of conduct.

meae

vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae

I.

i) the principles which came to man's estate.

have followed since

certas rationes in

agendo^ sequi~to follow fixed principles of conduct.

agere, nullo

omnia temere
mdicio
uti,

.to

have no principles.

caeco i??ipetu ferri

natura

et

mores ; vita moresque

indoles

animi ingeniique

or simply inge?iiiim, indoles, natura, moreschsiracter.

vir eonstans, gravis (opp.

Aomo

ineonstans, /evis)~a.

man

of character, with a strong personality. sibi constare, constantem esse to be consistent.

Do not translate "to act, behave, conduct oneself" by agere without an object or an accompanying adverb, e.g. bene, recte a^ere however, with the gerundive the adverb may be omitted e v ageudum est, tempus agendi, celeritas in agendo.
"'

aniino mobili esse

WORSHIP (Fam.
GOD
5. 2.

111

10)

to

be inconsistent,

changeable.
aliquid est proprhwi alicuius
istic

something
;

is

a character-

of a man.

mobilitas et levitas aninii

inconsistency
RELIGION

changeability.

XI.
I.

GODWORSHIP

numen

{deoruifi)

divinum

the

sovereign power of the

gods.
dei propitii (opp. irati)
siiperi ; inferi

the favour of heaven.

poetical)

the gods of the upper, lower world.

and Tartarus only

inferi

{Orciis

the

world

below.

ad inferos descendere to descend to the world below. apud inferos esse to be in the lower world.

aliquem ab inferis or a 77wrtuis evocare^ excitare (passive

ab
ijiferis exsistere)

to

summon some one from

the

dead.
deos sancte^ pie venerari

to

be an earnest worshipper of

the gods.

deum

cultus dei^

sacra^

honour the gods with due ceremonial deorum (N. D. worship the gods divine caerimoniae
rite

(^stwtma religione) colere

all

to

(very devoutly).
8)

2.

3.

of

service.^

res

divi7iae^

religiones^

ritual

cere-

monial.
rebus divinis interesse
(B.

G.

6.

13)

to

take part in

divine service (of the priest).

178

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

sacris adesse

to be

present at divine service (of the

people).
sacris initiari (Quintil. 12. 10.

14) to

be initiated into

the mysteries of a cult.

templa deorum adire

of the gods.

to

make

a pilgrimage to the shrines

numerum deorum
as a god.
alique77i in

obtinere (N.

D.

3.

20)

to

be regarded

deorum numeriwi

referre^ reponere

to deify a

person.

aliquem in deorum numero referre aliquem divino honore colere \

to consider as a god.
'^'^'''''

alicui divinos honores tribuereS"" ^""^

^"''''''

^"^

habere
J

someone.

propius ad deos accedere (Mil. 22.

gods.

59) to approach

the

supera et caelestia

humana
i.

et citeriora

heavenly things
divine

earthly things.
divinitus

(De

Or.

46.

202) by

inspiration

(often

= marvellously,

excellently).

divinitus accidit

it

happened miraculously.

2.

RELIGION RELIGIOUS SCRUPLE OATH

p.

iinbuere {vid.

103,

x\q\.q)

pectora religione^

to inspire

with religious feeling, with the fear of God.

1

religio (original
leges,

meaning probably
etc.)

that

which binds down,

religious

cf.

religo,

lidor,

denotes,

subjectively,

feeling,

devotion, fear of God, religious scruple, conscientiousness. Objectit means the object of religious fear, a sacred thing or place, also that which is contrary to the gods' will, a crime, sin, curse ;
ively
lastly in

an active sense a religious obligation, an oath.

RELIGION RELIGIOUS SCRUPLE

OATH
43.

179

audienthiin aiiimos religlone perfundere (Liv. 10. 388)

fill

to

the souls of one's audience with devotion.

religionein

ex animis extra here (N.

D.

i.

121)

to

banish devout sentiment from the minds of others.

omneiJi religionem tollere^ delere
feeling.
religlofiem

to annihilate all religious

labefactare {vid.

p.

50,

note)

to

shake the

foundations of religion.
religmie obstrictos habere 77iultitudinis animos (llv.
6. i.

10)

to

have power over the people by trading on

mcutere

their religious convictions.

religione77i alicui afferre, inicere^

to inspire

some

one with

religious scruples.

aliquid religioni habere or in

to

make

a thing a matter of

religionem vertere

conscience, be scrupulous
aliquid in religiojiem alicui

about a thing.
venit

nulla religio
religionem

absence of

scruples, unconscientiousness.

externam

suscipere

to

embrace

strange

religion.

novas religiones instituere

a
be

to

introduce a

new

religion,

new

cult.

Hum pro
12.

religionibus susceptum

religious war.
i.

violatas caerimonias

inexpiabili religione sancire (Tusc.

27)

to

invoke an irrevocable curse on the

rites.

profanation of sacred
iusiurandu7n dare alicui^

ex

a7ii77ii 77iei sente7itia

iuro

to
I

swear an oath to a person.

swear on
to

my

conscience.

iureiurando aliquem astringere

oath.
^

bind some one by an

sacra7nentiwi dicere alicui

Tix\(\.

aptcd aHqiiem =

{.o

take in

some

one's presence an oath to the standard, a military oath.

i8o

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

iurehirando aliqiieju adigere

oath.

to

make some one

ut

take an

iureiurando ac fide se
to
.
.

odstritigere,

to

promise an oath

iureiurando teneri (Off.

iusiurandu77i

3. 27.

100)

to

be bound by oath.

{religionem)

servare,

conservare

to

keep

one's oath.

periurium facere
oneself.

peierare

to

commit

perjury, perjure

iusiurandu77i violare

to

break one's oath.

3.

BELIEF UNBELIEF SUPERSTITION

opi7iio dei

belief

in

God.
in the existence of a

deu77i esse credi77ius

deos esse 7tegare

we believe

God.

to deny the existence of the gods.

i.

iTtsifas (i7i7tatas)

dei cogTiitioTies habere (N. D.

;

17.

44)

to

have innate ideas of the Godhead

the Deity by intuition.
077i7iibus i7t7iatum est et iTi a7ii77io

to believe in

quasi i7isculptu77i

esse deu77i

belief in

God

is

part of every one's nature.

7iatura in omniu77i ani77iis notione77i dei i77ipressit (N.

16.

D.

i.

43)

Nature has implanted

negat

in all

men

the idea

of a God.
i77ipietas

unbelief.

qui

deu77i esse

an

atheist.

superstitio 77ientes occupavit i^QXT. 4. 51.

113)

superstition

has taken possession of their souls.

siiperstitio7ie i77ibutu77t esse

to

be tinged with superstition.

superstitione teneri, constrictu77i esse, obligatu77i esse

to

be

the slave of superstition.

^ UPEKS TiriON^PRA VERS

siiperstitionem funditus
tollere

to

absolutely annihilate

superstition.
snperstitio7iem

radicitus

or penitus

evelkre

to

destroy

superstition root and branch.

formidines

superstitious
4.

fears

phantoms.

PRAYERSWISHESVOWS
^
.

precari aliqiiid a deo

precari deum. deos
supplicare deo (ball. lug. 63. i)
7

/o

1,

rto pray to

God.

adhibere deo preces

praeire verba (carmen) (Li v. 31.

17)

to read prayers for

the congregation to repeat.

(supmas) mantis
to

ad caelum

tendere

to raise the

hands

heaven (attitude of prayer).

favefe ore, Unguis

= ev(^7)[xelTe

maintain a devout silence

to

(properly, utter
preces facer
grates,

no ill-omened word).
thank, glorify

to pray.

laudes agere dis immortalibus

the immortal gods.

testari deos (Sull. 31.

contestari deos

hotninesque
86)

to call the to call

gods to witness.

gods and

men

to wit-

ness.
dis bene iuvantibus

(Fam.
^

7.

20. 2)

with the help of

!

the

gods.

quod deus bene

vertat I

and may God grant success

; )
;

^ supimts = vTrTios, bent backwards supinae inanus, with the palms turned up. The opposite of supinus x:, promts, e.g. ptteriim imponere equo pronum in ventrem, postea sedentem (Varr. pecora

quae natura prona finxit

^

(Sail.)

Note

that these clauses with

quod are parenthetical.

i82

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

i77imortales o?fien averta?tt f

quod di

(Phil.
!

44.

11)

and

may heaven
from
this
!

avert the

omen

heaven preserve us
forbid
!

quod abominor !

i^procul absit /)
!

di prohibeant^ di meliora

heaven forfend

God

quod bonuni^ faustum^ felix

45. 102)

fortunatic77ique sit!^
rest

(Div.
it

:.

may heaven's blessing

on

precari aliaii bene (piale) or o?7inia bo7ia {77iala\

to bless (curse) a person.

salute77i

vota facere^ 7timcupare, suscipere^ coTtcipere

vota solvere^ persolvere^ reddere

voti da77mari, co77ipdte77i fieri

to

make

a vow.

to accomplish,

pay a vow.
;

to

have to pay a vow

to

obtain one's wish.

5.

SACRIFICE FESTIVAL
Uo
I

sacra^ sacrificiu77i facere {lepa\

pe^ecv), sacrificare
re77i

sacrifice.

divina77t facere (dis)

i7tce7tsis

fure et odoribus

with incense and perfumes.

rebus divi7tis [rite) perpetratis

after

having performed

the sacrifice (with due

sacrificiu77i statu77i {sole77i7ie)

ritual).
i.

(Tusc.

47.* 11 3)

a period-

ically recurring

(annual) sacrifice.

sacra polluere et violare

victi77ias

to profane sacred rites.

(oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep)

securi ferire^ caedere^ 77iactare

i77i77ioIare,

to slaughter

victims.

deos placare (B. G.

6.

15)

to

appease the anger of the

gods.
77ianes expiare (Pis. 7. 16)

to

appease the manes, make

sacrifice for
^

departed

souls.
q. b.
f,

Sometimes abbreviated

f.

f.

s.

SA CRIFICE
pro victwits ho7nines
parentare (Leg.
2.

21.

FES TI VALQRA CLE human iminolare make 54)

to sacrifice
to

83

victims.

a sacrifice

on the

tomb
Iiba7'e

of one's ancestors.

to offer libations.

diem festu7?i agere (of an individual)

to

keep, celebrate a
tival.

fes-

diem festum celebrare (of a

larger

number)

siipplicatio7iei7i i7tdicere

ad

omfiia pulviTiaria {1a\. 27. 4)

to proclaim a public thanksgiving at all the street-

shrines of the gods.

suppiicatione77i qui7ideci77i dieru77i decer7iere (Vhi]. 14. 14.

37)

to decree a public thanksgiving for fifteen days.

S2tpplicatio7te77i

habere (Liv.

22.

i.

15)

to celebrate a

festival of thanksgiving.
Iectister7iiu77i

facere, habere

(Liv.

22.

i.

18)

to hold a

lectisternium.

6.

ORACLE PRODIGIESAUSPICES
PRESAGE
coTtsulere

oraculum

to consult

an oracle. an oracular
re-

oraculu77i petere {ab aliqud)

to ask for

sponse.
7iiittere

Delphos coTisultum

to

send and consult the

oracle at Delphi.
oraculu77i dare^ edere
responsii77i

\
p.

dare

{viR.

Uo
j

give an oracular response.

131, note), respo7tdere

oraculu77i Pythiu77i i^Pythicu7)i)\

an

oracle given

by

the

vox Pythia (Pyfhica )(Liv.

56)

i.V
J

Delphian

Apollo

(Apollo Pythius).

84

LATIN THRASE BOOK

1)

prodigia procurare^ (Liv. 22.

sacrifices the effect of

to avert

by expiatory

ominous portents.

Ubros Sibyllinos adire, consulere, inspicere

to consult the

SibylHne books.
auguriiwi agere^^ auspicari (N. D.
2.

4.

11)

to take the
{i.e.

auspices, observe the flight of birds.

de caelo seruare (Att.
4. 3.

3)

to observe the sky

the flight of birds, Ughtning, thunder, etc.)

aves
{alites, oscines) ^

addicunt alicui (opp. abdicunt aliquid)

to
2.

the omens are favourable

augures obnuntiant (consult) (Phil.

some one.
-^-^^.

83)

the augurs
having duly

announce an unfavourable
taken the auspices.
07nen accipere (opp.

sign.

auspicato {rem gerere, urbem condere)

after

improbare)

to accept as

happy

omen.
accipere^ vertere aliquid in omefi

to interpret

something

as an

omen.

faustis ominibus

with favourable omens. omen infaustum, an omen presage of

triste

evil

ill.

procurare^ a technical term of religious ceremonial = to avert

by expiation ; to take the necessary measures, observe the proper ceremony for appeasing the anger of the gods. ^ Not auspicia habere, which means to have the right to take the auspices. As this right was usually combined with the right to command, we find such phrases as ponere auspicia^ to give up a

command
some
^

imperio auspicioque alicuhis, atispiciis alicimis, under

one's

command.
;

In the science of augury,

oscines those

by

their flight

alites denoted birds which gave omens which gave them by their cries.

THE HOUSE AND ITS DIFFERENT PARTS

185

XII.
I.

DOMESTIC LIFE
ITS

THE HOUSE AND

house.

DIFFERENT PARTS

domus

necessarits rebus instructa

a comfortably-furnished
,
,

do?fius riiina^ impefidet

,^
.

the house threatens to

,
.

tall in

^^

do??ius collapsura. corruitura \

,

.\

\vid. p.
I

170, note).
fell

{esse)

videtur

domus

subita ruiiia collapsa est

in ruins.

the house suddenly

domum
do7?ius

demoliri (Top.
07Jines capit'^

4.

22)

to demolish, raze a house.

non

(^copelv)

the house
7)

is

not large

enough

for

all.

domum

frequentare

(Sail.

Cat.

14.

to

be a regular

visitor at a house.

domus rimas
crack.

agit

the
home
to

house walls are beginning to

apud eum
felt

sic

fut tamquam domi meae (Fam. 13. 69)

in his house. at

quite at
esse

apud aliquem
tectum subire
tecto^
{JTi)

be

some one's house.

to enter the house.

domum suam
tecto,

aliquem recipere (opp. prohibere

aliquem
(opp. to

welcome to one's house shut one's door against some one).

do??io)

to

domo pede77i non

^

efferre

i,

to

never set foot out of doors.

e.g.

ruina

id\\,

overthrow (metaphor,
6. 14).

ruina
it is

rei ptiblicae,

ruinac fortunarum, Catil.

In plur.

used of the ruins,

debris resulting from an overthrow, e.g. urbs strata ruinis, a

in ruins; ftanajites ruinae urbis.

town

For "ruins"
te noti capit.

in the sense of

remains of old buildings use parietinae.

^

Also metaph.

e.g.

Macedonia

^^6

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

cross the threshold.
i.

pedem limine efferre to

house.

foras exire (Plaut. Arnph.

2.

35) to

go out of the

foras mittere alique77i~to turn some one out of the house. in publico in the streets.

in

publicum prodire (Verr.

the streets, in public.

2.

i.

31) to show

oneself in

publico carere^ se abstinere\

domi

se tenere
^

"^^^' ^PP^^^

^" Public.

f""

deducere

aliquem de

domoio

escort a person from his

house.

pro aris^

et focis

pugnare,

certare,

dimicareto

fight for

hearth and home.

domi (opp.

/?m)at home

to knock at the door. ostium, fores aperire, claudere~to open, shut the door. fores obserare to bolt the door.

ostium, fores pulsare

in one's native country.

ianuam

effringere,

revellereto burst open the door.

vulvas {portam) obsfruereio barricade a door (a citygate). Notice too deducere colo7iiam

deducere naves, to launch ships,

opposed to stihducere = io beach a boat; deducere adulescentes ad viriim clarissimum (De Am. i. i) deducere de sententia aliqiievi rem in eum locum deducere, ut ; de capite deducere (opp. addere) quod perjtiimeratum est^^o subtract from the capital the amount
; . . .

paid

deducere aliqtiem, to escort a person from his province to

there were altars not only in the temples but also in the streets and in private houses. In a house there were usually two one in the court, the altar of the Penates; another in the atrium on a small hearth {foctis), this was the altar 'of the Lares.

Rome, - At Rome

Hence

araefocique = \.\ie altars and hearths of the Lares and Penates,

DOMESTIC MATTERS PROPERTY

187

2.

DOMESTIC MATTERS PROPERTY

rem

do7iiesticam^ faviiliarem administrare^ regerx^ curare

to

keep house.
bona possidere^ in bonis
off.

revi or opes habere^

esse

to possess

means
opibus^
rich.

to

be well

divitiis^

bo?iis, facultatibiis

abtmdare

to

be very

re?n be?ie {male) gerere^ (vid?\io

p.

manage
or
ill.

one's

affairs,

261)
tueri

household, property well

rem familiarem rem

fa7niliare7n neglegere

to

neglect,

mismanage one's

household matters.
diligentem^ frugl esse

diligens paterfainilias

to

be economical.
careful master of the house.

frugi

(opp. nequam) servus

a good, useful
tenere

slave.
1 1.

severu??i

imperium in suis exercere^

(De Sen.

37)

to

be a

strict disciplinarian in

one's household.
to

in possessionem

alicuius

rei

venire

come
to

into

the

possession of something.
in possessione77i

alicuius

rei invadere

take

forcible

possession of a thing.
expellere aliqiiejn domo^ possessionibus pellere

to

turn a

person out of his house, his property.

^

rejn ge7'ere to
;

= gtr\Qx^\\y
(of

io

manage

one's affairs.
(2)

Then

specially

(i)
estate

do business
(3)

commercial men);

to administer one's
in the
field),

to

hold a

command

(of a general

ixs

gerere plur.

= to

carry out, accomplish undertakings, used specially

of political activity.
^

frugi

is

an old case-form
Cf.
se recipere, to

(either

locative or dative)
esse, to

from an
;

obsolete nominative friix.

bonae frugi

be useful

ad

bonant frugem

come

to one's senses (Gael. 12. 28).

88

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

demovere^ deicere aliquem de possessiotie

to dispossess a

person.
exturbare aliquem omnibus
fortunis^ e
\

possessionibus

to drive a person out of

house

evertere aliquein boiiis^for-

and home.
27.

tunis patriis
possessiofze alicuius rei cedere aiicui {M.\\.

75)

to give

up a thing
res^

to

some one

else.
5.

quae moveri possunt ; res moventes^ (Li v.

25. 6)

movable, personal property.

fundi

property
3.

in land

real property,

HABITATION CLOTHING
domo
alicuius
,

habitare^ in

apud aliquem (Acad.

one's house.

2.

36,

115)

to live in

some

domiciliu7ft {sede7?i ac domiciliiwi) habere in aliquo loco

to

dwell in a certain place.

sedem collocare alicubi (^e^.

19-

2.^

34)

to take

up one's abode
settle

in

sedem ac do7nicilium {fortunas

suas) constituere alicubi
considere alicubi {hXX.
^

place,

down

somewhere.

5.
is

14. i)^

res nioventes ;

movere

apparently sometimes used intransitively,

;

e.g. terra viovet (Liv. 35.

40

40. 59), but here vioventes res

is

probably

the participle of the middle

i?iove?'i (cf.

quae ino\ tx'i posszait).

For

parallel

a gerundive
Suet. Claud.
^

examples of a middle verb with a participle present or Fin. 2. lo. 31 uij-a voluptate stante an movente? cf.
28 ledicam per urbem vehendi ius ; Or.
is

2.

71.

287

ceteris in cainpo exercentibus, etc.

habitare loaan

not used, locus habitatur

is.

On
B.

the other

hand,

we

find incolere Asia?n, etc., or with preps, cis, trans, inter,

prope, circum

incolere being

used intransitively,
incohoit.
incolere

e.g.
is

G.

i.

i.

4 Germani qui trans Rhemim

used of a num-

ber of people, habitare of individuals.

HABITA TION CL THING FO OD

vmltitudinein in agris coUocare

89

to settle a large

number

of people in a country.

domo emigrare

(B. G.
i.

i.

31)

domoprofugiis (Liv.

i)

mduere vestem (without

vestem i7mtare (opp.

sibi)

homeless. dress
to

to emigrate.

oneself.
redire) (Plane. 12.

ad

vestitum

suum
to

29)
vestimenta

to

go into mourning.
mutare

{et calceos)

change one's clothes

(and shoes).
vestitus obsoletus, tritus
vestis

cast-off clothing.

stragula or simply vestis

togatus^ palliatus

pannis

obsitiis

with a

drapery.
{paludainentu77i^

toga, cloak on.

in rags.
in

paludatiis^ sagatus

a military cloak

of a general
toga7n
veste77i

sagmti, of soldiers).

virile77i {pura77t) su77iere

poftere

{exuere)

to

assume the

toga

virilis.

to undress.

4.

FOOD DRINK

cibiwi su77iere, capere

cibii77i

to take food.

co7tcoquere, conficere

77iulti cibi esse, edace77i esse

to digest food.

to

be a great

eater.

cibu77i appoTtere, p07iere alicui

to set food before a person.

corpus

curare

(cibo,

vi7to,

so77ino)

to

refresh

oneself,

minister to one's bodily wants.

^

togatzis

= Roman
2i

citizen as
is

opposed

to

(i)

a foreigner,

(2)

soldier, (3) tunicatits,

which

used of the lower classes

who

actually

had no toga but simply tunica,

"

cf. Hor. Ep. i. 7. 65 tunicatus popellus. vestem deponere io give up wearing a garment, never use it

again.

Notice too ponere ar/na, to put

to lay aside for good.
Cf.

down

one's

weapons

poncre

librum {de nianibus), to lay aside a book (not deponere, which would

mean

viii.

9).

'9

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ventri deditum esse~to be the slave of one's appetite. cido se abstinere~\.o abstain from all

leiunium servare

nourishment.

to fast.

tantum

cibi et potionis adhibere

quantum
life.

satis

est~to take

only enough food to support

cibus delicatus

panis cibarius
vi7to

ordinary bread.
delicacies.
esse,

deditum

potare~to drink
alicui bibere dare

to excess

alicuibibere

propino
be7ie tibi

tibi

give some one to drink. ministmre~to serve some one with drink. hoc {poculum, salutem)\ drink your health.

^ to

induigere~to be given to drink. to be a drunkard.

;

or

te

./your health

inter pocula~-^\{\\^\. drinking

at table.

exhaurire poculum~\Q

empty a cup

at a draught.

5.

SUBSISTENCE IN GENERAL

victus cotidianus

daily bread.
2.

victus tenuis (Fin.

res

28.

90) meagre

diet.

ad vitam necessariae 1 quae ad mctum pertinent P^"" necessaries of life. res ad vidum cultumque necessariae things indispensable
to a
Tjitae life

of comfort.

conwioditas iiccunditasque

comfort.
some

ofjines

ad vitam

copias suppeditare alicuiVo provide

one with a livelihood.

1 These forms dare bibere, etc., are not Graecisms but old usages which have survived in conversational language. For the infinitive (the dative of the verbal noun) used in this way compare Verg. Aen. I. 527 w ^^os aut ferro Libycos popidare Penates veninms Plaut. ; Bacch. iv. 3. \^ parasitiis modo venerat aurtim petere.

SUBSISTENCEEXPENDirURE
quae siippeditant ad vidiwi
(Off.
i.

191

4.

12)

livelihood.

copiae cotidianis sumptibiis suppetmit (vid. p. 31, note)

his

means
victu77i aliqiia

suffice to defray daily expenses.

re qicaerere

to earn a livelihood

by someon meat,

thing.
vivere car?ie, piscidus, rapto (Liv.
fish,
7.

25)

to live

by plunder.

de suo (opp. alieno) vivere

to live

on one's means.
77)

vita^n (inopem) tolerare (B.

G.

7.

to

endure a

life

of privation.
7ion habeo^

qui (unde) viva?n

have no means, no

liveli-

hood.
laute vivere^

(Nep. Chab.

3.

2)

to live well.

6.

EXPENDITURE LUXURY PRODIGALITY

insumere in aliqicid

siiDiptinn facere^

to spend
or profusi

money on

an object.
sumptus
effiisi

{vid.

p.

146, note)

prodigal

expenditure.
su77iptui parcere

(Fam.

16, 4)

su77iptibus modu77i statuere

su77iptu77i 7}ii7iuere

to incur few expenses.

to limit one's expenditure.

to retrench.
2. 2.

su77iptus perpetui

{0^.

12.
12.

42)

simiptus liberales ip^.

delicate ac 77iolliter vivere

current expenses. 42) munificence.

and effeminto a

to live a luxurious

ate

life.
i.

luxuria diffluere (Offr

077iniu77i reru77i
iTi

30. io6)l to
J

be abandoned
life

copia diffluere

of excess.
a

luxuria77i effimdi

to

plunge into excesses,

career of

excess.
^

Not bene

vivere,

which

is

used of leading a moral

life.

192

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

effundere^ profunderepecuniani^ patritnoniuju

to

squander

one's money, one's patrimony.

dissipare
re7?i

famiiiarem

{sua7ii)

to

squander
property.

all

one's

lacerare bo?ta sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164) J

7.

HOSPITALITY

conviviuni instruere^ apparare, ornare {niagnifice splendide)

to prepare, give a feast, dinner.

5.

mensas exquisitissimis epulis instruere (Tmsc.

to load the tables with the

21. 62)

most exquisite viands.

dish.

mensae exstructae
caput cenae (Fin.

the main secunda mensa the ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.) from beginning aliquem ad cenam some
2.

table bountifully spread.

8.

25)

(Att. 14. 6. 2)

dessert.

to end.

vocare^ invitare

to invite

one

to

dinner.
pro7nittere

{ad cenam)

(Off. 3. 14.

58)

to accept an invi-

tation to dinner.
inter cenam, inter epulas

promittere

ad

aliquein

condicere alicui

during dinner promise dine with a person. (adcenani) some one's oneself
;

at table.

to

to

to invite

to

house

for dinner.

adhibere aliquem cenae or

cenam
in
accipere

to

ad cenam, convivio or in convivium welcome some one to one's table.

alicui apponere

to set a repast before a person.

6.

convivia tempestiva (Arch.

13)

a repast which

begins

good

time.
{bene, copiose, laute, eleganter, regio

aliquem

apparatu,

apparatis epulis)
1

to entertain, regale a person.

i.e.

Lit.

"from

the egg to the apples,"

affero

throughout the dinner

20.
i).

cf.

integram famem ad ovum

(Fam.

9.

HOSPITALITY SOCIABILITY
deverii

193

ad aliquem (ad
his

[/;/]

vilkvji)

to

go to a man's
to stop with

house as

guest
6.
i.

dcvcrsari apiid aliquem (Att.

25)

person, be his guest for a short time

ling.

when

travel-

mihi cum

illo

hospitiu7n

est,

intercedit

my relations

with

him
hospitium

are

most hospitable.

hospitio alicuius uti

to enjoy a person's hospitality.

cum

aliquo facere^ {con-)iungere

to

become
se)

friend and guest of a person.

hospitio aliquem
accipere

or excipere

[domum ad
to

to

welcome a man

as a guest in one's house.

25.

hospitiu7n renuntiare (Liv.

18)

sever (previous)

hospitable relations.
do7nus patef, aperta est mihi
his house.

am

always welcome at

invitare aliquem tecto ac

5)

domo or domum

suafu (Liv.

3.

14.

to invite

some one

to one's house.

8.

SOCIABILITYINTERCOURSEISOLATION
^

vitae societas

social
facere

life.

facilitas, faciles

mores (De

Am.

3.

11)

sociable, affable

disposition.
societatem
ifiire,

cum

aliquo

to associate with

some

one.
dissipatos hoi?iines iti^(ad) societate?7i vitae convocare (Tusc.
I.

25.

62)

to unite isolated individuals into a

society.

The

aclj.

socialis in the sense of

"sociable " only occurs in late

Latin, e.g. hotno sociak

animal (Sen.)

194
sociu7)i se

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

admngere
alicui

to attach oneself to a person's

society.

aliquem socium admittere

society.

to

admit a person into one's

assidimm

esse

cum

aliqiw

to

be always

in

some one's

company.
uti aliqico iyfamiliariter)\\.Q

be on intimate terms with

alkuius fa7niliaritate uti\

some
to
-

one.

usu^familiaritate^consuetudine

coniunctum
est

esse cuf?i aliquo

be on

friendly

terms

niihi consuetudo^ or iisus

with a person.

cum
vivere

aliquo

cum

aliquo

vetus usus inter jios intercedit

we have known each other

well for several years.

devincire aliquem consuetudine
self.

to attach a person to one-

se

dare in consuetudine?fi alicuius

person's society.

to devote oneself to a

se

insinuare in consuetudine7?i alicuius (Fam.

4.

13.

6)- to

insinuate oneself into a person's society,

summa
in

necessitudine aliqiie7n contingere

to stand in very

intimate relations to some one.

si??iultate
C2i?n

aliquo

sum

relations

are

strained

between

us.

ho77iinum coetus, congressus fugere

in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20.
secu77i

shun 65)
to

society.

to live in solitude.

vivere

to live to oneself.

vitam solitariam agere

to live a lonely

life.

CONVERSA TIONA UDIENCE

CONFERENCE

195

9.

CONVERSATIONAUDIENCECONFERENCE
instituere^ ordiri\ to

sermonem conferred
cuvi aliquo
se

enter into conversation

with

some

dare in sermonem

cum

aliqico
re-,

one.

sermonem

inferre de aliqua

to

turn the conversation

on
in

to a certain subject.
incideix^

eum sermonem ^

qui turn fere multis erat in ore

to talk of a subject

which was then the

common
. .

topic of conversation.
sernio inciditde aliqua re
in sermone7n ingredi

sermo ortus
with
ser??ionem
.

est
.

the conversation turned on begin a conversation. the conversation began ab aliqua

.

to

re

alio

transferre

to

turn

the

conversation

to

another topic.
mediiwi sermonem abrumpere (Verg. Aen.
4.

388)

to

break off in the middle of the conversation.

sermonem producere

in

multam noctem (Rep.

6.

10. 10)

to prolong a conversation far into the night.

sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua

to converse, talk with a person

re

(De Am.

i.

3)

on a

subject.
in

hinc sermo ductus est

the conversation began

this way.

sermo inductus a
7nultus sermo

tali exordiox

a long conversation. fabula a narratiunciUa^ fabella 15) an anecdote. haec fabula teaches us (without nos\
narratio^

narrative, tale, story. (Fin.

5.

docet

this fable

^
"^

sermonem
to

conserere only in late Latin.

Distinguish from such phrases as incidere in sermonem {homi-

mwi),

become common

talk.

196

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

meet a person (accidentally or intentionally) and talk with him. congredi cum aliquo to meet a person by arrangement,
convenire a/iqtie7n
to

interview him.
sui potestate77i facere, praebere
alicui

to give audience to

some

colloquendi copiam facere, dare

one.

conveniendi aditum

dare alicui
'^

aditum conveniendi or colloquium petere

audience, interview.

to ask a hearing,

{ad colloquium) admitti i^. C.

in congressum alicuius venire

3.

57)! to obtain an audience

J

of

some

one.

vellealiquem (Plaut. Capt.

5.

2.

24)

to wish to

speak to

some
paucis
.,

one.
1
,

te

volo
,
.

trims verbis

te

Va volo\
,

word with you.

sermo cotidianus, or simply sermo

guage.

conversational
.

lan-

coram loqui {cum aliquo)

to

speak personally to

commerciu??i loquendi et audiendi

interchange
;

of ideas

conversation.
capita conferre (Liv.
re77iotis arbitris
2.

45)

or secreto
8.

intra parietes (Brut.

put our heads private 32) within four

to
in
in
this

together.

tete-a-tete.

walls.

audientia

is

not used

connection, but

only in such

phrases as aitdientiam facere alicui or oratio)ii alicuius, to listen to

a person.
^

colloquhan as opposed to sermo means an interview specially

arranged, usually for transaction of some business.

GREE TING FA RE WELL

10.

97

GREETING FAREWELL
dicere,

salufem

alicui

iinpertire^

mintiare

Vto greet a person.

aliqueiti salvere iubere (Att. 4. 14)!

how are you quid agiturl quid what

quid agis
?
^

fit

'i

is

going on?

how

are you

getting
Cicero Attico

on
^

S.>.P. (salutem dicit plurimani)

Cicero
7.

sends cordial greeting to Atticus.

tibi plurimam salute??t

my best wishes
verbis

for

your welfare.
14)

nuntia fratri tuo

salutem

meis

(Fam.

remember me
letter

to your brother.
5.

adscribere alicui salutem (Att.

20. 9)

to

add

to one's

good wishes

to

some one.

salute data (accepta) redditaque

after
3.

mutual greeting.
13)

inter

se

consalutare

(Dq

Or.

2.

to

exchange

greetings.
dextraifi alicui porrigere^ dare

to give one's right

hand

to

some

one.

dextrain iungere ciwi aliquo, dextras inter se iungere

to

shake hands with a person.

te

valere

iubeo

bid you good-bye, take

;

my

leave.

vale or cura ut valeas

bene ajubula et

good-bye redambula a

farewell.

safe journey to you.

gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua ix

to congratulate a

person on something.
quid agis? is also used as an expression of surprise, " what are you thinking of?" ^ This and the following phrase only epistolary.
^

valedicere alicui

is

poetical.

198

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

1 1.

BETROTHAL MARRIAGE DIVORCE

alicui despondere

filia77i

to

betroth one's

daughter to

some
self,

one.

sibi ialiquani) despondere (of

the

man)
3)

to betroth one-

get engaged.
5.

nuptias conciliare (Nep. Att.

riage.

to arrange

a mar-

nuptias parare

to

make
2.

preparations for a marriage.

38. 99)
\

condicio {uxoria) (Phil.

a match.
(of the man).
,

ducere
,

uxorem
,.

ducere aliquam in

matnmonium

KO marry

nubere alicui

nupta?n esse

to marry (of the woman). cum aliquo or alicui to be married

3.

to

some

one.

uxorem habere (Verr.

33.

76)

to

be

married

man.
dotem filiae dare
filiam
in
alicui

to give a

dowry
or

to one's daughter.

in

matrimonio or
collocare

matri??ioniu7n

to give one's
in

daughter

simply filiam alicui collocare

filiam alicui in matrimoniiwi dare
filiam alicui nuptum dare

marriage to some-

one.

nuntium remittere
I.

alicui

(De

Or.

to separate,

be divorced

40)

(used

of

man

or

repudium

dicere or scribere alicui^

cu7?i

woman).
separate
,

divortium facere

uxore
n

to
V
^

from,
^

...

divorce

aliquam suas
, ,

res sibi habere

, 2.
,

.,

(01
J

lubere (Phil.
^

28. 69)

the man). '

The formula

of divorce used by the

man was

tuas res tibi habeio,

cf.

Plaut. Trin. 266.

WILL
repudiu77i
^

re77iittere

viro

INHERITANCE (Dig.
24.

I99

3)

to

separate

(of

the woman).

12.
testa77ie7itu77i

WILL INHERITANCE

facere^ coTiscribere

i.

to

make

will.

testa77ie7ttu77i obsig7iare
testa77ie7itii77i

(B. G.

resig7iare

testa77ientu77i resci7idere

39)

to sign a will.

to

open a

will.

to declare a will to

be

null

and

void.
testa77ie7itu77i subicere^
testa77ie7itit77i

supp07iere

to

produce a

false will.

irrituf7i facere, ruTTipere

to annul, revoke a

will.
testa77ie7ito

aliquid cavere (Fin.

2.

31)

to prescribe in one's

will.

pecu7iia77i

alicui legare
will.

to leave

money

to a person in

one's
alique77i

herede77i

testa77ie7ito

scribere^

facere

to

appoint

some one

as heir in one's will.

aUcuiiis 77iortui volu7itas {stiprema)

the

last

wishes of a

deceased person.
herede77i esse alicui

to be some one's

heir.

hereditate aliquid accipere

to inherit something.

exheres pater7ioru77i
inherited.

bo7iorii77t

(De

Or.

i.

38.

175)

dis-

exheredari a patre
hereditate

to

be disinherited.
est

aliquid
left

relictu77t

ab aliquo

something
est,

has

been
^

as a i-egacy

by some one.
divortium
{dis, vertere)

Cicero uses divortium not repudium.

is

a separation by mutual consent, divortium

quod in diversas
In 7'epudium

partes

eurtt, qui discedunt (Voxil. Dig. L. 16. i. 161). one party takes the initiative, usually the husband.

The formula

commonly used was tua

condicione non utar.

^
heredltas

J-^

TIN PHRASE BOOK

2.
i.

ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. have received a legacy from a person.

adire,

10)
of

hereditatem

cemere~io

take

possession

an

inheritance.

heresex

asse,

ex dodrante^oX^ heir; heir to three-quarters

to two-thirds of the property.

of the estate.
heres ex

desseheu

13.

CUSTOM USAGE
^^ accustomed
to a thing.

assuefadus^ ox assuetus aliqua

in consuetudinem or

morem venireio become customary,

the fashion.
in nostras n:ores inducere aliquid

(De

Or.
;

2.

28) to

intro-

duce a thing into our customs

with a thing.
consuetudinem sua?n
usage.

to familiarise us

tenere, retinere, servare

to

keep up a
taking

consuetudo inveterascit (B. G.

root,
res

5.

41.

5)a custom

is

growing up.
thing
is

obsolescit:,

going out of use, becoming

obsolete.

vetere cotisuetudine discedere

apristina consuetudine deflecteref'' ^^^^ "^^^ ""^^ customs. inpristinam consuetudinem revocare aliquid io return to ancient usage.
aliquid est meae consuetudinis
aliquid cadit in
1
^^ ^^ ^^^'

meam

consuetudifiem\

custom.
.
. .

mos {moris)

est,

ut (Brut. 21.
is

84) it

is

customary to

more, tisu receptum est\\.

traditional usage.
.
.

1 Note assucscere, to accustom oneself to aliquem, to accustom some one else to

.
.

and assuefacerc

USAGE
lit fit.
,

COMMERCE IN GENERAL
,

201

ita litfit.
"1
^
.

utferefitX yas usually happens. ,

ut so let ut fieri so let

itafert consnetudo

so custom, fashion
(Mur.
i.

prescribes.

ex consiietudine
ing to

7?iea

(opp. praeter consuetudi7ieni)

accordto the

my

custom.
i)

7nore iiistitutoque viaioru77i

according

custom and tradition of

ex instituto (Liv.
6.

my

fathers.

10. 6)

according

to traditional usage.

XIII.
I.

COMMERCE AND AGRICULTURE

IN

COMMERCE
(Verr.

GENERAL PURCHASEPRICE
69.^

negotiatores^

2.

168)

'business-men.
ho7nines
negotii

(always

in

sing.) gerentes
iiegotii be7ie gere7ttes

(Quint. 19. 62)

good

men

of busi-

ness.
7iegotiu77i obire

or exseqiii
it

to

be engaged upon a trans-

action, carry
7tegoti2i77i

out.

{re77i)

co7ificere,

absolvere

to

settle,

finish

transaction.
77iercatiira77i facere

to

be engaged

in

commerce, whole-

sale business.

-^

The

usual terms for

men

of business are negotiator^ viercato?-,

caicpo,

instito}'.

The

first

two are used of merchants, wholesale

dealers, negotiator ^.^^itzvdWy

when talking of the

;

transactions {negotia)
caiipo

of business, mercator with reference to the profits {inerces).

is

a retail dealer, tradesman, shopkeeper

institor, a pedlar,

com-

mercial traveller.

202
7tegotia

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

habere [in Sicilid)

to

have commercial interests

in Sicily.

contrahere rem or negotium

cum

aliquo (Cluent. 14. 41)

to

have business relations with some one.

transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cu?n aliquo or inter se

to

transact, settle a matter with

some

one.

nihil

cum
man.

aliquo contrahere

to

do no business with a
to
3.

quaestu7n facere {FdiVa. 15. 14)

quaestui aliquid habere (Off.

2.

make money. to make 13)

a profit

out of something.
res^

quae importantur

et

exportantur

exponere^ proponere merces (venales)

sale.

imports and exports. out goods

to set

for

parvo,

vili pretio

or bene emere

magno
aliquid

or 7nale etnere

to

buy cheaply.

to

buy

dearly.
little.

aliquid magno, parvo

7iihilo

stat,

constat

or gratis constat

pretium alicui rei

statuere, constituere (Att. 13.

a thing costs much, a thing costs nothing. 22)

to fix a

price for a thing.

2.

MONEY INTEREST LOANS

pecunia

magna} grandis [multum pecuniae)

pecunia exigua or tenuis

pecunia praesens
{vid.

little

money.
note) or

p.

54,

much money. nmnerata cash

;

ready money.
aes {ai'gentui7i) signatum

arge7itmn [factum) (Verr.

nu77i77ii

coined money 63)

5.

bullion.

25.

silver plate.

adulterini

bad money
{171

base coin.

pecunia77i erogare
^

classeni)

to

spend money.

In plur. niagnae, nudtae peciihiae = \z.xgd sums of money.

MONE YINTERES TL OA NS
pecuniam insiwiere in aliquid or
to devote

203

consut?iere in aliqua re

money

to a purpose.
( Att. 1 6.
1

pecuniam niimerare
pecimiain solvere

alicui

6)

to

pay cash.

to

pay money.

pecuniam

alicui debere

to

owe some one money.

pecunia??i alicui credere {sine fenore, usuris)

to lend

some

one money (without

lend,

interest).

pecunia7n fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo

to

borrow money
occupare
at interest. in

at interest.

pecuniam
pecuniam

fetiore

(Flacc.

21.

54)

to

put out

money

collocare^

aliqua

re

to

put

money

in

an

undertaking.

pecunia iacet ofiosa

lies idle.

the money

is

bringing in no interest,

pecuniam mutuari or sumere mufuam ab aliquo

to

borrow

money from some one. pecu?iiajji alicui mutuam dare

pecuniam creditam
non solvendo
^

to lend

money

to

some one.

solvere

to repay a loan.

esse (Phil. 2. 2. 4)

pecuniam exigere

(acerbe)

to

be bankrupt.
ex metallis) facere
(e.g.

to

demand payment.

7?iagnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. to

have a large income from a thing

20. 80)

from

mines).
nu7?i7?ius iactatur (Off.
3.

versurajn facere {Ait.

5.

21.
i.

nunmiulis acceptis (Att.

pittance.
^

16.

the bank-rate a debt. 12) a a beggarly

varies.

to transfer
for

6)

trifle,

Sometimes absolutely,
solvendo
is

e.g. Cic. Off. 2. 25. ()0

pecuniam

coUocare.

cf.

For the development of such uses nulli rei eriinus postea (Plaut. Stich. 718) Ovid Met. 15. 403
a predicative dative.
;

dedit huic aetas vires onerique ferendo est

est sitne

Li v.

4.

35 experitinda res

aliqui plebeius ferendo

magno

honori.

204

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

3.

MONEY-MATTERS ACCOUNTS AUDIT

,
.

res

minwiaria or pecuniaria\
rfinance
I

ratio peciimarum

^.

money-matters. ^
to

argeiitariafu facere (Verr.

5.

59. 155)
4.

be a banker.
to

argentariam dissolvere (Caecin.

11)

close one's

bank, give up banking.

codex or tabulae ratio excepti
ledger.
et

expensi

account-book
debt.

nomina facere or
pecuniam
alicui

ijt

tabu las referre

^

pecunia in nominibus

money outstanding, unpaid. have money owing me. expensum ferre aliquid put a thing down a
est
is

to

book a

in nominibus habeo

to

to

man's account.
alicui acceptu77i referre aliquid'^ (Verr.
2.

70. 170)

to put

down
ducere

to a

man's

credit.

rationem alicuius rei

inire^ sub-

to

go through accounts,

ad

make
calculos

a valuation of a

vocare

aliquid
thing.

(Amic.

16. 58)

inita subductaque ratione aliquid facei'e

to

do something

after careful calculation.

rationes putare

cum

aliquo

to

balance accounts with

some
^

one.

a person.

nomina are properly the sums entered in the ledger as due from Hence nomcn solvere, dissolvere, to pay a debt noinen
;

expedire, exsolvere, to get rid of a debt

boniim nomen, a safe investa thing to another's instru-

ment
^

(Cic.

Fam.

5. 6.

2).

Also used metaphorically to

"owe
is

mentality," e.g. quod vivo tibi acceptiun refcro.

^

The

original

meaning oi putare
off,

to

prune

(cf.

purus, ampufare),

cleanse by cutting
transference
believing.
it

then

make

clear,

calculate, reckon.

By

became used of the result of calculation, i.e. thinking, Compare the history of the F'rench raissonner and the

Italian ragioneria.

ACCOUNTS RATE OF INTEREST

7-atio

205

alicuius

7'ei

constat (convemt^

par

est)

the

accounts

balance.
ratio acceptorum et

datorum

{accepti et expensi)

(Amic.

16,

58)

7'atwnem diligenter conficere

the account of
carefully.

receipts
to

and expenditure.

keep the accounts (daytotal of any-

book)

summamfacere
thing.

alicuius rei

to compute the
capital.

de capite deducere (vid. p. 186, note) aliquid

to subtract

something from the

rationem alicuius rei reddere

to pass
it

to render

count of a matter

for audit.

rationem alicuius rei reposcere^

aliquern or ab aliquo

to

demand an

account, an

rationem ab aliquo repetere de

aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104)

audit of a matter.

4.

RATE OF INTEREST
5.

centesimae (sc. usurae) (Att.

21.

11)

interest

at

per

cent per month, 12 per cent per annum.

binis centesimis fenerari

ternae centesimae

36 per cent per annum.

5.
(i.e.
if

to lend at

24 per cent.
21. 11)

quaternas centesifnas postulare {hXX.

to

demand

48 per cent.
semisses

per cent

for

100 denarii, asses, one

pays half a denarius, half an as per month).

se77iissibus 77iagna copia est

money
I

is

plentiful at 6 per

cent.

usurae

se7nissiu77i

(Colum.)l

usurae semisses (Jurists)

quadrantes usurae

/T

r6 per cent.
(a quarter of centesima).

3 per cent

^^
trientes

^ATIN PHRASE BOOK

or trientariae usurae (Att.
5.

4.

quincunx (Pers.

15) 4

per cent

149)

quincunces usurae

^^"^* [^ P^^

fenus ex

friente Id. Quint, factum erat bessibus

{Ait

the

4. 15. 7)

rate of interest has

gone up from 4 per cent

interest.

to 8 per cent.

Mpeh^um fenus
fenus renovatiwi

{Att

5.

21.
\

i3)-simple

anatocismus {avaTOKicrp.6^)
(Att.
5.

[compound
j

interest

21. 11)

fenus

iniquissimum,
interest.

gmnde, ^-mz;^ exorbitant rate of

interest.
esse (Att. 5. 2
1. 1

usura 7nenstrua
ceittesimis

monthly

cum anatocismo contentum

2) to

be content with 12 per cent

at

compound

interest.

5-

PROFIT CREDIT DEBT

damnum facere)
ex aliqua re~to

lucrum facere (opp.

make
a

profit out of a thing.

in lucro ponere aliquid (Flacc.

17.

4o)-to consider

thing as profit.
debitor,
creditor,

or or

is

qui debet ihQ debtor.

cui debeo

is

the

creditor.

and financial position. fides {vid p. 158, note) concidit~crQ6.it is going down.
fidem derogare alicui~to rob a person of his credit. fides aliquem deficere coepit^ man's
credit begins to

fides et ratio pecuniarumcrtdit

go

down.
fides {deforo) sublata
^.r/

(Leg. Agr.

2.

3.

8)-credit has

disappeared.

PROFI T CREDITDEB T
Jides tota
Italia
est

207

angusta

credit

is

low

throughout

Italy.

fidem

77io/iri

(Law. 6. 11. 8)

laborare de pecimia
in

to

shake

credit.
difficulties.
2.

to

have pecuniary

siimma
to

difficiilfate

tiummaria versari (Yen. pecuniary

straits.

28. 69)

be

in severe

ift

Diaxiuias angustias {pecuniae) adduci

to

be reduced to

extreme financial embarrassment.

acs aliemuii (always in "ivag.^ facere^ contrahere

to incur

debts.

grande,

magnum

(opp. exiguu77i) aes alienu7n conflare

to

incur debts on a large scale.

incidere in aes
alie7iii77i

to get into debt.

aes alienu77i habere\

\\.o

be

m
.

debt.
4.
6.

in aere alie7to esse

i7i

suis

7iu77i77iis

versttri (Verr.

11)

to

have

no
in

debts.
aere
alie7io

obrutwn, demersu77i

esse

to

be deeply

debt.
aere alieno oppressum esse

to

have pressing debts.

aes alienum dissolvere^ exsolvereX

no77Wia

(cf. p.

204), solvere^ dis-

Uo
J

pay one's debts.

solvere^ exsolvere

7iomina exigere (Verr.

of,

3,

10.

28)

to

demand payment

recover debts.
,,,
.

ex aere alieno exire\

aere alieno liberari
\

KO

get out of debt.

5.

versura

solvere.,

dissolvere (Att.

15. 2)

to

pay one's old

debts by making new.

^^

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

6.

BUILDING

opus locare~\o contract for the building of something. opus redimere, conducereto undertake the contract for a work.

domum

aedificandavi locare, conducereto give, undertake a contract for building a house.

esse

aedificatorem

(Nep.

Att.

13.

j) to be

fond

of

building.
exstruere aedifichmi,

monume?itum~-to erect a building, a

monument.
funda7tienta iacere, agere~to lay the foundations. furr/m excitare, erigere, facere~\o build a tower.

condereto build, found a ponteiii facere in flumine\

constituere,

oppidum

city.

inicere pontem

Uo
I

build a bridge over a river.

fluinen ponte imigere

p07is estinflumine

there

is

a bridge over the G.

river.
2. 9.

pontem

dissolvere, rescindere, interscindere (B.

4)
a

to

break down a bridge.

alicuius
obsiruere,

luminibus

officere^to obstruct person's view, shut out his light by building.

7.

AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT OF STOCK

colere (Leg.

agrum

Agr.

2.

25.

67) to

till

the ground.
untilled.

agrosfertiles deserereto leave fertile

ground

agriculturae studere (opp. agriculturam deserere)X.o have a taste for agriculture.

Also used metaphorically to overshadow, eclipse a person,

of. v

1.

I.

AGRICULTURE
opus rusticwn
ifi

209

tillage

cultivation.
to live in the country. to sow,
3.

agris esse^ habitare

serere ; setnen spargere

sementem facere (B. G.

lit

i.

i)

to look after the sowing.

seinentem feceris^ ita

;;z^/(?^

(proverb.)

(De

Or.

2.

65)

as

you sow, so
laetae segetes

will

you reap.
cornfields.

the laughing

laetissivii flores (Verr. 4.

48. 107)

a glorious expanse of
perfume exhaled by
crop
the

flowers.
odoj'es,

qui efflantur
flowers.

e floribus

the
15)

messis in herbis est (Liv.

25.

the
far

is

in

blade.

adhuc tua messis in herba

still

est

(proverb.)
still

your
i.

crop

is

green,

i.e.

you are

from your ambi-

tion.

frumenta in agris viatura non sunt (B, G.

corn
is

16.

2)

the

not

yet ripe.
\

messem facere

fructus demetere ox percipere\

fructiis condere (N.

D.

2.

62. 156)

to harvest crops.

messis oplma (opp. ingrata)

arbores serere

(De

Sen.

7.

arbores caedere

a good harvest. plant 24)

to
.

trees.

to

fell trees.

inopia (opp. copia) rei frumentariae\ want or corn: scarcity -. ,, ,^ ^ dimcultas an7ionae{\mxi.rQvciXi.\'^.\ ^
.

m the corn-market.
, ,

44)

annona

ingravescit, crescit

annona laxatur,

levatur^ vilior fit

the price of corn the price

is

going up.
of corn
is

going down.
caritas

annonae (opp.
;

vilitas\ also

simply annona

dearth

of corn

high prices.

210

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

denarios
^

ad

in singiilos modios

annona pervenerat

corn

had gone up to 50 denarii the bushel. annona cara est corn is dear.

hac annona (Plaut. Trin.

as
it is.

2.

4.

83) when
(cf.

corn

is

as dear

rem pecuariani facere,

rear stock.

exercere

Varro R. R.

2.

i) to

pastu7n agere

pastum

ire

to

to drive to pasture.

go

to pasture.

pascere gregem

to feed a flock (of goats).

3.

greges pascuntur'^ (Verg. G.

alere eqieos, ra?ies

162) the herds

8.

are grazing.

to

keep horses, dogs.

animalia quae nobiscum degiint (Plin.

animals.

40)domestic

XIV.
I.

THE STATE

CONSTITUTIONADMINISTRATION-

GOVERNMENT
forma
rei publicae\

descriptio civitatis Ithe constitution.

instituta et leges
I

rem publicam

constituere

rem publicam
tiitis

legibus et insti-

\
to give

temperare [Tusc.
indicia^

the state a

1. 1.

con-

2)

civitati leges^

iura de;

sitution.

scribere
1

denarius = :xhoM\. Q^d., vid. Gow, Companion to School Classics

pascere and/a^r/are also used metaphorically, vid. Cf. tres viri rei publicae constiiuendac.
ocuU.

p.

149.
2
iii. s.

v.

CONSTI TUTIONA DMINISTRA TION

siiis

21

legibus utitur (B. G.

i.

45. 3)

(a state) has its

own

laws,

is

autonomous.
rem publicam

fiuliani habere

to

have no constitution, be

in

anarchy.

7-em piiblicajn in

pristinum stattim

restituere

to restore the

ancient constitution.

optima

re publica

at

the

time of a

most

satisfactory

government.
libera res publica^ liber populus
rejH

the Republic.
regere^ tractare,

publicam gerere, administrare,

gubernare

to govern, administer the state.

rei piiblicae praeesse

to

have the management of the

state.

ad giibemacula (metaph. only

plar.) rei publicae sedere

in^
to

hold

the

reins

of

clavu/H rei publicae

tene7'e

government.

gubernacula rei publicae tractare

principem

civitatis esse

to

be the chief

man

in the state.

principem in re publica locum obtinere

position in the state.
negotia publica (Off.
vita
i.

to hold the first

20. 69)

occupata

{vid.

p.

public 94) the busy

to
i.

affairs.
life

of a states-

man.
accedere^ se conferre

ad rem publica77i\
(Off.

devote oneself to
politics,

re7n

publicam capessere

21. V
J

a political

71)

career.

in re publica or in rebus publicis versari

politics.

to
take

take part in

rei publicae

deesse

(opp.

adesse)

to

no

part

in

politics.

a ne^otiis publicis
^ ...
,

se

removere\
I

Vto retire from public

,.

life.

a re publica recedere

212

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

(Fam.
7.

in otium se referre

99) to

retire into private

life.
*

life.

vita privata (Senect.

22)

private

publico carere.foriwi ac

luce77i

fugere\
f^^

forensi luce carere

^^""

publicity.

rem publicam
state.

tiieri,

stabilire~Xo defend, strengthen the

res publica stat (opp.

/^^^/)_the state

is

secure.

rem publicam

quaere, amplificare~io aggrandise,

extend

the power of the state.

saluti rei publicae non

deesse to further the

(Sest.

common
political

weal.
rei

publicae^
reasons.

causa

47.

loi)

for

e re

publica (opp. contra remp.)~{or the advantage of the state ; in the interests of the state.
res publica (or su77ima rei publicae) tht welfare of the state.

summa

comfnoda publica or rei publicae rationes\hQ interests of the state.

rei publicae rationibus or

simply rei publicae consulere~\o

further the public interests.

ad
in

rei publicae ratio?ies aliquid

referre to consider a thing

*

from a

political point of view.

077ini

rem publica7n

cogitatione
i.

curaque incu77ibere {Ysim. 10.

*
2)

omnes curas

et cogitationes in

to
re7n

devote one's every

publica77i co7iferre
077ines

thought
salute

to

the

curas in rei publicae

state's welfare.

defigere (Phil. 14. 5. 13)

1

There being no adjective

make

in Latin for "political," we have to use of periphrasis with such words as res publica, civilis, potu-

laris, etc.

ADMINISTKA TIONGO VERNMENT

totum

ef a?twio et corpore in salutetn rei piiblicae se conferre

to devote oneself

body and soul

to the

good of

the state.
bene, optime se?itire de re publica\
,
,

omnia de

re

ptwlica praeclara

, ,.

,
\-

to

have the good of the

,

state at heart.

atque egregia sentire

rector civitatis

(De

Or.

i.

48. 211)

the head of the

state.

viri rerimi civilium^ rei publicae

gerendae periti or viri in re

publica prudentes
^'Statesmen.,.
aiictores consilii publici

principes rem publicam administrantes or s\Tc\Y>\y principes

pnidentia

(civilis)

(De

Or.

i.

19.

85)

statesmanship;

political

wisdom.

homo
plus

in re publica exercitatus

res civiles
ifi

an

experienced politician.

political questions.

re publica videre

to possess great political

in-

sight.

longe pro spicere futuros casus rei publicae

(De Amic.

12.

40)

to foresee political events long before.

alicuius in re publica or capessendae rei publicae consilia eo

spectant^

ut

a
.
.

man's policy
.

is

aiming

at,

directed towards

rei publicae 7?iuneribus orbatusX

gerendis negotiis orbatus (Fin. Vbanished from public

5-

life.

20. 57)

-.

2.

CIVIL

RIGHTS RANK
3.

civitate

donare aliquem (Balb.

7)

to

make

man

citizen.

214
i?z

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

allquem

civitatein recipere, ascribere, asciscere

to enroll

as a citizen, burgess.
civitafe??i alicui dare, tribuere,

impertire

to present a per-

son with the freedom of the

civitatem

city.

mutare (Balb.

ii.

27)

to

naturalise

oneself

as a citizen of another country.

generis antiquitate florere

to

be of noble family.
to

nob ilitati fewere (Sest.

7iobilitatis fautorem,

9.

21)

be a friend of the
aristocracy.

studiosum esse]
(a

Aomo novus

parvenu

man no member
office).

of whose

family has held curule

ordo senatorius [amplissimus)

ordo equester{splendidissitnus)
knights.

the the equestrian order;

senatorial order.

the

sununo
nobili,

loco 7iatus
ho?iesto,

of high rank.
natus
\

illustri loco or genere

of

illustrious

family.

humili, obscuro loco natus

humilibus (obscuris) parentibus >oi humble, obscure origin.

natus
infi^no loco natus

from the lowest natus or a knight by su7nmi (Rep. 53) high and hommes onmis people of every aetatum people homines omniu?n ordi?nun
classes.

equestri loco
(et)

ortus
i.

birth.

infimi

34.

low.

generis

rank.

et

of

every

rank and age.

homo plebeius, de plebe traduci ad plebem (Att.

as a plebeian.
^

one of the people. get oneself admitted

i.

18. 4)

to

novus homo by taking

office

becomes

for

his descendants
2.

princess nobilitatis (Cic. Brut. 14) or auctor generis (Leg. Agr.

35)-

RANKDIGNITY POSITION
1

21

to transfer oneself

from
the

trafisitio adplebe?}}

(Brut. 16.62)

t?-aductio

ad plebeni

the
I

patrician

to

plebeian order.
iinus de or e viultis

faex populi^

plebis^ civitatis

infima fo7'tuna

one of the crowd a mere the dregs of the people. servorum a degraded, or
;

individual.

condicio

servile

condition.

imus

e togatoru7}i

numero

an

ordinary, average

Roman

citizen.

3.

DIGNITY POSITION HONOURS PRE-

EMINENCE
dignitatem

(cf. p.

64)
obiinere

suam

tueri,

defendere,

retinere,

to

guard, maintain one's dignity.

dignitati suae servire, consulere

to

be careful of one's

dignity.

aliquem ad summa7?i dignitatem perducere (B. G.

to elevate to the highest dignity

7.

39)

principejn {primu7n\ secundum locum dignitatis obtiiure

to

occupy the

first,

second position

in the state.

in altissimo dignitatis
esse

gradu collocatum^ locatum, positum

in the state.

to

occupy a very high position

depose, bring

aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare {Doxn. 37.

98)

to

down

a person

from his

elevated position.

aliquem de dignitatis ^radu de-

movere
aliquem gradu movere^ depellere
|

to

overthrow
(cf. p.

person

152).

or de gradu
dignitatis

{statii) deicere

gradu?n

ascendere

to

attain

position

of

dignity.

21

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

ascendere

ad honores

to rise,

mount

to the

honours of

office.

amplissimos honorum gradus assequi, adipisci

highest grade of
office.
(cf.

to reach the

ad stimmos honores perveinre

the highest
offices.

also p. 64)

to attain to

vir defimctus honoribiis

a man who has held every

office

(up to the consulship).

principatiwi tenere^ obtmere
tion.

to

occupy the leading

posi-

de principahi delectus (B. G.

7.

63)

deposed

from one's

high position.

principatum alicui or ad aliquem deferre

first

to assign

the

place to

some

one.

contendere

cum

aliquo de principatu (Nep. Arist.

for

contend with some one

primas

(e.g. sapientiae^ alicui deferre^ tribuere, concedere

first

the pre-eminence.
i)

to

to give the palm, the

place (for wisdom) to

some

one.

4.

PUBLIC MEETINGS SUFFRAGE

populi
,

convocare
^

conciliu7n
.,.

and^
to
r
,

populum ad concilium
:

summon an
,

assem-

contionem advocare
agere

/..

-r

(Sail. lug.

bly of the people.

t^t,.

3)!

cum populo^ (Leg.

3. 4.

10)

to

submit a formal

proposition to the people.

^ Aulus Gellius (13. 16. 3) explains the difference between cum populo agere and contionem habe^'e ; the former = rogare quid poptdum quod suffragiis stiis aut iubeat aut vetet. Cf. Liv. 22. 10. 2 velitis

iubeatisne haec

sic

fieri? also 21.

is

17.

4.

habej-e

contione7n

[co-

ventio = cotiiitio = co7itio)

sine nila rogatione.

equivalent to verba facere

ad populum

PUBLIC MEE TINGS SUFFRA GELA WS

concilium indicere, habere^ dimittere

217
for, to

to fix the

day

hold, to dismiss a meeting.

comitia habere

to hold a

meeting of the people.

co?nitia magistratibus creandis

meetings
meet

for the

election

of officers.
coviitiis

(Abl.) convenire

comitiis

coiisukm

creari

to
to

for elections.
at

be chosen consul

the

elections.
suffragiii77i

ferre {vid. p. 79, note,

sententiam dicere)

to

vote (in the popular assembly).

?iiultitudi?iis suffragiis

rem permittere

to

leave a matter

to

be decided by popular

vote.

5.

LAWS BILLS

legem ^rogationem ^ promulgare (Liv. 33. 46)

to bring a bill

before the notice of the people.

legem ferre ox sinx^Xy ferre

ad populum, ut

to pro-

pose a law in the popular assembly.

legem suadere (opp. disstiadere)\ to support a
bill

(before

pro

lege dicere

the people).
(cf. p.

Iege7n rogare or rogare

populum
4^)

216, note)

to for-

mally propose a law to the people.

legem perferre (Liv.
magistrate).
lex perfertur
t^2>'

^o carry a law (said of the

a law

is

adopted.
ciccipere^ iubere) in

legem antiquare'^ (opUr

^

to reject a

bill.

A rogatio had to be posted up nundi7ium {tempus) (Phil. 5. 3. 8),

{iiovetn, dies)
^

some public place

for

for trinuvi

i.e.

seventeen days, nundinae

being a holiday,

fair,

held every ninth day.

On

the voting-tablets [tabellae) used in the comitia

[antiqtw) to reject the
bill,

was written
it
;

either

V-

{titi

rogas) to pass

in

judicial questions

{absolvo),

{condenmo),

N L

{non

liquet).

2i8

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

sciscere

legem

legem iubere

legem sancire

(Plane. 14. 35)

to vote for a law.

to ratify a law (used of the people).

to let a bill

become law

(of people

and

senate).

Solo lege sanxif, ut or

77e

Solonis legibus scnictntn eral,

Solon ordained by law ut the laws

or
7ie
.

that

of Solon

ordained that
Iege7n

abrogare^ (Att.

3.

23. 2)

to replace

an old law by

a new.
legem
tollere

(Leg.

2.

12.

31)

legi intercedere

to abolish a law.

to protest against a law (used of the veto,

intercession

of plebeian tribunes).

legem proponere in publicum

to bring a law before the

notice of the people.

edictum proponere (Att.
edict.
legefn
i?i

2.

21. 4)

to publish, post

up an

aes incidere

to engrave a law

upon

a brazen

tablet.

lex rata est (opp. irrita)

Iege7n

ratam

esse iubere

lege discedere

a law declare a law

is

valid.

to

valid.

to transgress a law.

salvis legibus (vid. p. 172, note)

lex^

iubet,

vetat {dilucide^ plajtissifne)

without breaking the the law

the law says
of the law.
it
;
.
. .

law.

orders,

forbids (expressly, distinctly).

in lege scriptum
est,

or simply est

sententia or voluntas legis

legi or de lege derogare

the
\.o

spirit

reject a clause in

legem abrogare,

law by passing another which contradicts it ; tnultani, poe7ia??i inrogare alicui, to inflict a fine on some one with the approval of the people pecmtiafn erogare {ex aerario in classem), to draw money from the treasury and distribute it according to the wishes
to nullify a
;

of the people.
-

lex

is

often personified in this way.

LAWS POPULAR FAVOUR

leges scribere^facere^ condere^ constituere

219

(not dare)

to

make

laws (of a legislator).

legum
(]iil

scriptor^ conditor^ i?ive)itor\

scribit

leges
^

(not

legum Va

legislator.

lator)

in legem iiirare (Sest. 16. 37)

to

swear obedience to a

law.
lege teiieri

to be bound by a law.

legibus solvere

to free

from legal obligations.

.
.
.

ea

lege,

aliqiiid

on condition of contra legem a thing

ut
est

is illegal.

acta rescindere, dissolvere (Phil.

13.

3.

5)

to

declare a

magistrate's decisions null

in

and
52)

void.

album

referre

(De

Or.

2.

12.

to record in

the

official tablets [A?ttiales jnaxiini).

6.

POPULAR FAVOUR INFLUENCEUNPOPULARITY

popular favour
j

aura favoris popularis (Li v. 22

26)
;

popular-

populi favor, gratia popularis

ity.

aura popularis (Harusp. 18. 43 ) J auram popularem captare (Liv.^

33) gratiafn populi quaerere
3.

Uo
\

court popularity.

aurae popularis ho?no (Iav. 42. 30)

a popular man.
re)

ventum popularem quendam

strive to gain

{ifi

aliqua

quaerere

to

popular favour by certain means.

grafiosujn esse (opp. invisutn esse)

tial.
^

to

be popular, influen-

legis lator

\\\& man who

proposes a law.

220

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

opibus, gratia, auctoritate valere, florere

to

have great

in-

fluence.
opes, grat'uwi, potentia7Ji C07isequi

gratiam

inire

to acquire influence. apud aliquem, ab aliquo 58) to gain

(cf.

p.

some

one's favour.

gratiam, opes alicuius imminuere (opp. augere)

a person's influence.
crescere crescere

to

weaken

ex aliquo

to raise oneself

by another's

fall.

ex invidia senatoria

to profit

by the unpopularity

of the senate to gain influence oneself.

iacere {vid. p. 92,

note)

to

be

politically annihilated.

existimatio populi,

hominum

mulfum communi
invidia

hominu??i opinioni tribuere

public opinion.

to

be always

considering what people think.

\

offensio populi, popularis Vunpopularity.

offensa populi voluntas

invidia dictatoria (Liv.

dictator.

J 22.

26)

the

feeling against the

ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere (Liv. 22. 26)

to use

some

one's unpopularity as

means

of

making oneself popular.

7.

PARTY-SPIRIT NEUTRALITY POLITICS-

ARISTOCRACY DEMOCRACY
partes (usually of plebeians)! \^ party; faction. r .- / r \ Jactio (of aristocrats)

partium

studiiwi, also
studiosu?Ji esse

simply studia

partium

party-spirit.

to

be a strong partisan.
| s

certamen partium

..,,., contentio partium (Phil.

..

Vparty-striie
I

5.

12.

32)

PARTY-SPIRIT NE UTRALIT YPOL 1 TICS

partium
studiis

22

divisum

esse

to

be torn by faction.
political ally.

consiliorum in re publica socius

alicuius partes (causam) or simply 1 to

embrace the cause

of
.

aiiquetn seqiii
alicuius partibiis stiidere

.,

be a
. .

parti-

san of

ab icuvi) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)

side (not ab alicuius partibus),
alicuius studiosum esse

to

to

be on a person's

to

be a follower of some one.

13.

cum

aliquo facere (Sull.

side.

36)

take

some one's

nullius or neutrius (of two)^

partis esse
in neutris partibus esse

>to

be neutral.

neutrain partem sequi

medium

esse

77iedium se gerere

a partibus rei publicae animus liber

(Sail.

Cat.

4.

2)

an

independent
idem de re publica
opinions.

spirit.

sentire

to

have

the

same

political

ab aliquo in re publica dissentire

in politics.

to hold different views

ex rei publicae dissensione

sion.

owing
13.

to

political

dissen-

in

duas partes discedere

{^3\\. lug.

i)

to divide into

two
studio

factions.

ad rem publicanh-ferri\.o throw oneself heart and

soul into politics.

se civilibus fiuctibus co7nmittere

to enter the whirlpool of

political strife.

imperium singulare, unius dominatus, regium imperium

monarchy.

222
opti7}iatiu7n
civitas,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

dominatus
"j

quae optimatium arbitrio

/'^'"^'^tocracy (as

a form of

regltur

government).

bonicives, opthm, optimates, also simply ^6;;//(opp. improbi)

ilh,

qui optimati7ijn causam agunti\\Q aristocracy

(as a party in politics).

principes or primoresthe aristocracy (as a leading class

in

government).
iiobilitas ;
^

nobiks ;

qui nobilitaie generis excelluntiht aristocracy (as a social class).

paucorum dominatio or potentia

mob.
spirituspatricii{Uv.
caste.
4.

oligarchy. multitudinis dominatus or /w/^;-/?/;;/ government by the

42)patrician

arrogance; pride of

homines graves (opp. Ieves)~m^x\ of sound opinions. homo popularis a democrat.

homomrepopularis{CA\:x\.

4. 5.

9)_a man who genuinely

'

wishes the people's good. homoflorens in populari ratione?^ democratic leader. imperium populi ox populare, civitas or res publica popularis

democracy.

causam popularem

suscipere or defendere~Xo take up the cause of the people, democratic principles.

spirit of

populi causam agere to be a leading

cause.

the popular

patriae

amantem {amantissimum)
civis et incola

esse (Att. 9.

22) to be
citizen of

(very) patriotic.

mundanus, mundi
the world
;

(Tusc.

5.

37) a

cosmopolitan.

DEMA COG yRE VOL UTION REBELLION

8.

223

DEMAGOGY REVOLUTION REBELLIONANARCHY

duXj vulgl iurbator^
civis

plebis

turbulentus^ civis
agitator.

reruvi

novarum
artes populares

ciipidus

iactatio^ concitatio

populariter agere
volutionists.

a demagogue, popularis popular

to play the
2.
2.

agitation.

tricks of a

demagogue.

demagogue.
6)

conversio rei publicae (Div.

revolution.
reruDi cupidi

/>o?nines seditiosi^ turbuleiiti or iiovariwi

re-

novis rebus studere

to

hold
opinions.

revolutionary

novarum rerum cupidum

novas
contra
res vwliri (Verr. 2.

essej

125)

rem publica?n
jects.

sentire

to plot a revolution.

to foster revolutionary pro-

contra rem publicam facere

7'e

publica deficere

to

be guilty of high treason.

to betray the interests of the state.

plebem

concitare, solllcitare

seditione77i facere, concttare

seditio

erumpii

a rebellion breaks
c.

to stir

up the lower
out.

classes.

to cause a rebellion.

coniurare {inter se) de

Gerund,
to

or ut

form a conspiracy.

coniurationem facere (C^\a\.

6)

2.

4.

conspirare

cum

aliquo {contra aliquem)

to conspire with

some
re?n
state.

one.

publicam labefictare

to

shake the

stability

of the

rem publicatii perturbare

^

to

throw the state into confusion.

out.

But belluni exardcscit, war breaks

224

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

statiim rei publicae convellere

to

endanger the existence

of the state.

rem piiblicam vexare

to

damage the

state.

rem publicam funditus omnes

evertere

to

completely overthrow

the government, the state.

upset the whole cause universal perturbatio omniu7n rerum 37) general confusion
leges confundere

to

constitution.
disorder.

oi7inia turbare ac ?mscere

to

(Flacc.

anarchy.
077inia

divina

humanaque iura per^mscentur (B. C.

1.6. 8)

anarchy reigns supreme.

leges nullae

....
res fluit

1
}\

.
:

--

lawlessness

anarchy.

luaicia nulla

ad interregnum
odor
est

things seem tending towards an

(Att.
4.

interregnum.
7ion

7iullus

dictaturae

18)

there

are

whispers of the appointment of a dictator.

tu77iultu77i

sedare (B. C.

concitata77i 77iultitudinem

reprimere
3.

18. 3)

to quell

an outbreak.
excitement

to allay the

of the
plebe7n

mob.

co?iti7tere

to hold the people in one's power, in

check.

9.

PROSCRIPTION CONFISCATION BANISH-

MENTAMNESTY
proscribere alique77i or alicuiusX
to
.,

proscribe

person,
1

possessiones

aqua
171

et ig7ii i7iterdicere

... alum

r j

declare

him an outlaw.
(Rose.
the

proscriptortwt

7iu77ieru77i referre alique77i

Am.

11.

32)

to place a person's

name on

list

of the

proscribed.

PROSCRIPTION CONFISCA TION BANISHMENT

e

225

proscriptorui7i

nwnero exhnere
the
list
5.

aliqiiem

to

erase

person's

name from

of the proscribed.

bona alicuhis publicare (B. G.

person's property.

54)

to

confiscate a

bona alicui

restituere

to restore to a person his confis-

cated property.
in exsiliu7n eicere or expellere

aliquem
to

banish a person, send

ex urbe
lere

{civitate) expellere^ pel-

him into
aliquem
eicere

exile.

aliquem

de^ e civitate

exterminare {ex^ urbe, de civitate aliquein (Mil. 37, loi)

to expel a person
e

from the

city,

country.

patria exire iubere alique7?i

native land.

to banish a

man from

his

patria carere

to

be

in exile.

interdicere alicui Italia

to banish a person from Italy.

aliquem exsilio
in exsilium
.

afficere,

multare '^
-^

to punish

by banishment.
exile.

ire. pers:ere. proficisci\

'^

Vto go

mto

exsulatum

ire

or abire

sohmi

vertere^

mutare (Caecin. 34. 100)

exiles).
,.
.

to leave one's

country (only used of

exsulare (Div.
.,.

2.

24. 1^2)
,

KO

live in exile.

in exsilio esse^ exsulem essej

aliquem (in patriam) restituere

in patriam
redire

to recall
exile.

from

exile.

to return

from

ante actarum (praeteritarum) rerum oblivio or simply oblivio

amnesty
omnem ?nemoriam
(Phil.
I.
I.

{afivrjcrTla).

discordiarum oblivione sempiterna delere

i)

to proclaim a general amnesty.

i.

postliminium (De Or.

40. 181)

a returning from

exile

to one's former privileges.

226

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

lo.

POWER MONARCHY ROYALTY

rerum

imperium^

summam

deferre

alicui^

to

confer

supreme power on a person.

rem publtcam
alicuipermittere
in state affairs.

to give

some one unlimited

power

imperium tenereiinaliqueni)
i7?iperiiwi obtinere

to have

power over some one.

to maintain power, authority.

7.

principatu deici (B. G.

6-^

to

be deposed from one's

leading position.

cum
171

i77iperio

esse (cf. p.

249)

to have unlimited

power

to

be invested with imperiu7n.

iinperio esse

to hold a high office (such as conferred

dictatura^ praeturd).

i77iperiu77i^ i.e. C07isulatus^

imperiu77i in a7i7iu77i prorogare

to prolong the

command
one's

for a year.
impefiu77i deponere (Rep.
2.

12. 23)

to lay

down

power.
i77iperiu77t

domiTtari

imperiu77i^

absolute power autocracy. aliquem have unlimited power over a person. take upon
singulare
^
;

tTi

to

7'eg7iu77i^

tyra7t7iide77i ^

occupare

to

oneself absolute power.

^

defej-re in

the sense "confer," "attribute,"

it

is

also constructed
it

with ad ; when
takes ad.
^

means

to bring news, give information,

always

Cf.
(cf.

ceriamen singulare, a fight of one individual with another, a

xvi.

duel
^

loa).

smgula?-is also has the meaning "unique,"

"pre-eminent,"

e.g. singularis virtus.

tyranjius, ty?-annis, tyrannicus are rarely used in the

Greek

sense,

irresponsible sovereign, etc., but usually

mean

despot, despotic, etc.

dotnittatio,

The pure

Latin equivalents are rex, dominus,

is

imperium,

regius, or if there

emphasis on the cruelty of despots, dominus

saevus, crudelis et superba dominatio, etc.

MONARCHY ROYALTY SLAVERY

rerum potiri

227

(i) to usurp supreme power,

...
|

(2) to

be

in a

position of power.
do7m7iatio impotens

^despotic, tyrannous rule. potestas immoderata^ tnfimta^

tyrannide?n concupiscere

'

to aspire to a despotism.
re

tyrannidem

sibi parere aliqua

to establish oneself as

despot, tyrant by

some means.
7.

regmwi appetere
reignty.
regnu7ii adipisci

(B.

G.

4)

to

to

aspire to the sove-

to obtain the sovereignty, kingly

office.

aliad regnum

deferre, tradere

invest some one with

royal power.
alique7n
rege77i^

tyra7tnu77t constituere

to establish

some

one as
regem

king, tyrant.
1

restituere
i7t

to

restore

king to his
iti

alique7ti

reg7iu77i restituerex

throne (not

soliimi).

aliquem

regTio spoliare

or expellere (Div.

i.

22.

74)

to

depose a king.
regios spiritus sibi su77iere

to

assume a despotic tone.

II.

SLAVERY FREEDOM
i.

servitute pre77ii (Vhil. 4.

3)

to languish in slavery.

liberuTti populu77i servitute afficere

aliquem in

servitute77t redigere

alicui seTvitutetTi iTiiuTigere, i77ip07tere

enslave a reduce the

to
to

free people.

to slavery.

to lay

yoke of

slavery on
civitate77i

soma one.
(Dom.
51.

servitute oppressaTTt fettere

131)

to

keep the
Iibertate77i

citizens in servile subjection.

populo eripere

to rob a people of
uti,

its

freedom.
to

populu77i Iiberu77i

esse, libertate
its

sui iuris esse pati

grant a people

independence.

228

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

slavery.

aliquem in servitutem abducere, abstrahere~io carry off into aliquem sub corona vendere (B. G. of war as a slave.

3.

i6)-to

sell

a prisoner

iugum

servitutis

liberfas, libertatis

accipere~\o submit to the yoke of slavery. ^/2/^/2/^ independent spirit.

attack,

impenum
ad

oppugnare, percellere~\o

overthrow a

tyranny.
libertafem

conclamareto
3.

adarma
vincula

conclamare (Liv.

summon to 50) to call

liberty.

to arms.

rumpere to

burst one's chains.

iugum
iugum

servitutis excutere
servile
I.

a cervicibus
6)

deicere
\
I

to

shake off the yoke of

slavery.

(Phil.

2.

servitutem exuere (Liv. 34. 7)

demere \ ab aliquo servitutem ox servi-y^ deliver

tutis

iugum

servile alicui

some one from

iugum

depellere

j
'

^^^^^^y.

dominatione7n
'-'f'^^'^Sere

or dominatum
[to

destroy a despotism,
tyranny.

regios spiritus reprimere

(Nep.
j

Dion

5.

J libertatem recuperare~to recover liberty.

5)

rempublicam

in libertatem vindicare

a or ex dominatione-^

to deliver the state from a tyranny.

12.

REVENUE COLONIES PROVINCES

conducere~\o farm the revenues.

veciigalia redi77iere,

vectigalia exercere {vid p. 51,

note) to
exact

collect the taxes.

vectigalia

exigere

{acerbe)~Xo

the

taxes

(with

severity).

RE VENUE COL ONIESPRO VINCES

peaifiiam cogere a civitatibus

229

to extort

money from

the

communities.
vectigalia^ tributa
^

pendere

to

pay
5.

taxes.

inwiunis {tributonwi) (Verr.

taxation.

21.

51)

exempt

from

immunitatem omnium rerum habere

immunity.
vectigalia^

to

enjoy absolute

tributa

alicid imponere

to

impose tribute on

some

one.

tributorum multitudine premi

to

be crushed by numerous
domain.

imposts.

ager publicus

public land

state
6.

agros assignare (Leg. Agr.

i.

17)

pecunia publica^ quae ex metallis redit

the
,

to allot land.

public income

from the mines,

avertere peamiam (Verr.
r
/T^
1

2.
1

1.

peculatu?7ijacere (Rab. Perd. 3. 8)

T^

4)! , ox fto embezzle

I

money.

rem publicam quaestui habere

expense of the
state.

to enrich oneself at the

coloniam deducere in aliquem locum

{vid. p.

186, note)

to

found a colony somewhere.

colonos mittere (Div.
i.
i.

3)

to

send out colonists.

16)

coloniam constituere {y^g. Agr.

i. 5.

provinciam

alicui decernere^
official

mandare

to

found a colony.
entrust

to

some

one with an
^

duty, a province.

vectigal{a

= \ndi.\veci
;

taxes, including, for

tenth, tithe of corn

scripHira, the duty on pasturage

example, decumae, the portorium, ;

harbour-toll.
^

t)'ibiilu7n

= d\xQZ\.
;

tax

on incomes,
employ,
itself,

provincia originally means a sphere of activity, an

it

especially of magistrates

then means the administration of a

country outside Italy conquered in war, and lastly the country

a province.

The

senate each year determined on the countries to

to

which magistrates were

be sent {provincias nominare, decernere).

230

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

sortiri

provincias

(Liv.

38.

35)

to

draw

lots

for

the

provinces.
alicui Syria {sorte) obvenit^ obtigit

the

province of Syria

has fallen to some one's

provincias
ititer se

lot.

comparant

(the

magistrates) arrange

among themselves

the administration of the pro-

vinces, the official spheres of duty.

in provincia7?i prqficisci {\Ay. 38. 35)

to set out for one's

province.
provincias perjnutare

to

exchange provinces.

provinciain administrare, obtinere

to

manage, govern a

province.

provinciam obire

to

visit,

traverse a province.

{de or ex) provincia decedere or

simply decedere

{vid. p.

note)

4,

to leave a province (at the termination of

office).

one's term of

13.

MAGISTRACIES

{a)

Candidature

Election
to solicit

petere magistratum^ honores

a??ibire
^

to seek office.

aliquem (always with Ace. of person)

the vote or favour of

some
i.

one.

nomen profiteri or

?>\m^\y projiferi

to become a candidate.
112)

manus prensare^ (De

Or.

24.

to shake

hands

with voters in canvassing.

^

Hence
Under

ambitio, legitimate canvassing

ambitus, illegal canvass-

ing.
^

the head oi ambitionis occupatio

saltita?'e,

(De Or.

i.

i.

i)

are

enumerated

rogare, supplicare, vianus prensare, invitare

ad

prajidium, and sometimes convivia tributini data.

subject w'^. Q. Cicero's

For the whole

hook de petitione consulatus ad M. fratrem.

CANDIDA TURE
noniina appellaf {no7nenclator)

ELECTION the agent

23
{no?ne?iclator)

mentions the names of constituents to the canvasser,

competitor (firnt. 30. 113)

a rival candidate.
{tribii)

multa {paucd) puncta in centuria

obtain

aliquaferre^

to

many

(few) votes in a century or tribe.

centuriam, tribumferre (Plane. 49)

to gain the vote of a

century or

tribe.

07nnes centurias ferre or

creari

omnium

sujfragiis^ cunctis centuriis

to

be elected unanimously.
5.

repulsam ferre consulatus (a popuio) (Tusc.

fail

19.

54)

to

in one's candidature for the consulship.

7Jiagistratus vitio creati

magistrates elected irregularly to

{i.e,

either

or
sufficere

when the auspices have been unfavourable when some formality has been neglected).
alique^n in alicuius locum or alicui to
fill

elect

man

the place of another

who has

died

whilst in office.
alicui or in alicuius

locum succedere

to

succeed a person

in
alicui

an

office.

imperatori
general.

succedere

to

succeed

some one
annuni)

as

suo

{legitimo)

anno

creari

(opp,

ante

to

be

elected at the age required by law {lex Villia annalis),

continuare

magistratum

(Sail.

lug.

37.

2)

to

continue

one's office for another year.

continuare
alicui

magistratum

to

prolong some

one's

office for

another year.

mark was put opposite a name as often as a tablet {tabella) with his name on it came up. Hence punctum ferre, to be successful, e.g. Hor. A. P. 343 omne tulit punctum qui fuiscuit utile dulci.
^

In counting the votes polled, a dot or

candidate's

232

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

alicui

prorogare

imperiii7n

{in

annu7ti)

to

prolong

person's
magisti-atiis et
offices.

command.
imperla
(Sail. lug. 3.
i)

civil

and

military

inire magistrahini

to enter into
\
.

office.
.

niunus

adfjiinistrare, gerere
^
.

Vto perform official duties. 7nunere jungly muneri praeessex

honores alicui mandare^ deferre

position of dignity.

to invest a person with a

7nuneri aliquem praeficere, praeponere

to

appoint some

one

to

an

office,

7nunus expkre, sustinere

position.

to

fulfil

the duties of one's

abdicare se tnagistratii (Div.

2.

35)

to resign one's post

(before the expiry of the term of office).

deponere
^

magistratu7Ji\ to give up, lay

\ J
ly at

down

office (usual-

abire magistratu

the end of one's term of

de potestate decedete
res

office).

ad interregnum
ensues.

venit or adducitur

an

interregnum

abrogare alicui mujttis (Verr.

2.

57)

to

remove a person
of his

from
abrogare

his office.
ifnperiiwi

alicui

to

deprive a person

position as

commandant.
Sen.
7.

viri clari et honorati {T)t

22)

men of

rank and
|l

dignity.

honoribus ac reipublicae 7Jiuneribus\

perfunctus
a77iplis

(De

Or.

i.

45)
lug.

honoribus usus

(Sail.

man who has many offices.

held

25- 4)
^

f
is

But deponere
;

also found in the sense of abdicate, e.g. B. G.

;

7.

33. 4

N. D.

2.

II

Liv.

2.

28. 9.

PARTICULAR MAGISTRACIES
{b)
^

233

Particular Magistracies

consulein creare

to elect a consul.
2. 2.

aliqueni consulem declarare (Leg. Agr.

4)

to declare

a person consul-elect.
aliquaii

considem

renimtiare

(De

Or.

2.

64.

260)

to

officially

proclaim (by the praeco^ herald) a

;

man

elected consul
bis

to return a

man

consul.

consul

iterufu, tertiimi

sexfum

(Pis. 9. 20),

twice consul, consul consul for the second, third time. septimum consul consul for the
"^

sixth,

seventh time.
videant
or dent operant consules^ ne quid res publica detri{C^t\\.
i.

menti capiat

2.

4)

let

the consuls take

state.

measures for the protection of the

in hocpraeclaro consulatu

aetas consularis

pro consule

ift

the consular age (43 Ciliciam go

proficisci

during

this brilliant consulship.

years).

to

to Cilicia as pro-

consul.
superiore consulatu

in his

former consulship.

dictatorem dicere (creare)

dictaturam gerere

to

name

a person dictator.

to

be

dictator.

dictator dicit {legit)

magistrum equituni

a dictator appoints
Ci.
i.

a magister equitum.
potestate7n habet in aliquem vitae necisque (B.
16. 5)

he has power over

lictores suf?imove?it

life

and death.
4.

turbani (Liv.

50)

the

lictors clear

the way.
^

creare

is

used of any magistrate regularly elected.

The

locus

classiciis

on

this subject is Cic.

De

Leg,

3,

3,

6-12.

^ This formula conferred absolute j^jower on the consuls. This was done only in cases of great emergency, and was somewhat similar to our " declaration of martial law."

234 fasces praeferre, fasces

;

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

su77Wiittere

to

walk before with

the

to lower the fasces.

censores censent

populum

the
3.

censors hold a census of

the people.

censum habere^ agere (Liv,

censuram
agere, gerere

22)

to hold the census.

to

perform censors' duties.

9.
7.

locare aedes,

vias faciendas (Phil.

16)

to

receive

tenders for the construction of temples, highroads.

locare opera publica
rediviere, conducere

to let out public

works to contract.
2.

porticum aedificanda77i (Div.

21.

nota,

47)

to

undertake a contract

for building a portico.

animadversio censoria

notare aliquem ignortiinia

the reprimand of a censor. (Cluent. brand a 119)

43.
to

person with infamy.

censu prohibere, excludere
tribu 7novere aUque77i
e setiatu eicere
\

to strike off the burgess-roll.

to expel

some one from

his tribe.

Vto expel
seTtatu Tiioverex
lustru77i co7idere (Liv.
i.

from the senate.

44. 2)

to

complete the censor-

ship (by certain formal purificatory ceremonies

lustro facieTidd).

tribimi plebis sacrosancti

tribunes,

(Liv. 3.

19.

10)

the

plebeian

whose persons are inviolable.

to

appellare

tribiiTios plebis {iTt

to

appeal

55) the plebeian tribunes against a

aliqua re apraetore) (Liv.

2.

praetor's decision.
provocare'^ adpopulu77t (Liv.
intercessio tribimicia (cf. p.
^

appeal 218) the

2.

55)

to

to the people.

tribunicial veto.

appellare as a legal technical term only occurs in classical Latin

in the
^

formula

te,

vos appello.

provocare only with proper names, e.g.

ad Catonem provocare.

To

appeal to some one's pity,

etc.

implorare alicuius viiseri-

cordiaJH, fidevi^ etc.

THE SENATE
14.

235

THE SENATE
7.
7.

publicu7n

consiliii77i
;

(Phil.

19)

the

council of the

nation
in

the senate.

senatum legere^

senatum vocare,

senatu77i cogere (Liv. 3.

convocare 39)
eligere

to elect to the senate.

to call a

meeting of the senate.

to assemble the senate.

edicere^ titse7tatusfrequensadstt{Y2iTi\. 11. 6. 2)

to issue

a proclamation calling
in full force.
se7iatu77i

on the senators

to

assemble

habere

to hold a sitting of the senate.

ad

se7iatu77i referre^

(Dom.

53. 136)

to bring a question

before the senate (of the presiding magistrate).

patres
{se7iatu77i)

co7tsuiere de aliqua re (Sail. lug. 28)

. .

to

cohsult the senators on a matter.

se7tte7ttia77i

rogare, i7iie7'rogare
dicere
cf.

se7ite7ttia77i

to ask the opinion of

(also

to give

an opinion

used of a

judge,
se7iatus

p. 79).

se77te7itia

iTiclmat

ad
3)

(De Sen.

6.

16)
.

the
. .

senate inclines to the opinion, decides for

se7tte7ttia viTtcit

(Liv.
. . .

2.

4.

the
\.o

majority were of the

opinion
77iaior pars
^

the

majority.
read over and revise the
of the Hst
list

Distinct from senatitm legere =

of

senators (used of the censor).

The head
terms
cf.
;

was called

princeps senatus.
^

edicere, edictum, technical

edicere

is

used of the praetor

41
;

deciding

how

a case

is

tol^e tried,

Verr.

2. i.

Flacc. 28. 67.

Then more

generally of an order, declaration, proclamation.

The

senate was convened by Xh^ praeco or by

means of a

notice posted in

some public place

^

{edictuvi).

meeting of the senate opened by a declaration of the agenda

This was

by the presiding magistrate, a consul, praetor, or tribune.

called referre

ad senatum.

236

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

?

quid censes

quid

tibi

videtur ?1
'^

quid de ea

re fieri placet

'^^^

^'

^^^^ ^I^^"^^"

discessionem facere (Sest. 34.

division).

74) to

take the vote (by

discedere (j>edibus\ ire in alicuius sententiaf?i^ (Li v. 23. 10)

to vote for

some one's motion.

senatus decrevit {populusque iussit) ut

the senate decreed

.
. .

(and the people

ratified the
2.

decree) that

senatus consultimi fit (Att.

24. 3)

resolution of the

senate (not opposed

by a

tribunicial

veto) was

made.
senatus auctoritas

senatum

alicui

the opinion of the senate general. dare (Q. give a man audiin Fr.
2.

11. 2)

to

ence before the senate.

a senatu res ad populu?n reicitur

a matter

is

referred (for

decision) from the senate to the people.

dicendi

mora diem
^

extrahere, eximere^ tollere

to pass the

whole day
dimittere senatum

in discussion.

nox senatum dirimit

dismiss the senate. night breaks up the

to

sitting.

After the rogafio sententiaruju

sion
(/<?;-

came

the voting, usually by divi-

discessionem, pedibus ire in sententiam), but in cases of

v^^as

doubt each member

exqiiisitas).

asked

his opinion {per singiilorian sejitentias

presiding officer then dismissed the meeting with the words nihil vos vioramur, patres conscripti, "I need not detain

The

you any longer. " From this formula probably came the colloquial uses (i) "I do not care for ." .," "I have no interest in (with the Ace); (2) "I have nothing against .," "you have
.

my

consent to

." (with the Ace.

and Inf or quominus).

LA W IN GENERAL

237

XV.
T.

LAW AND
LAW
\

JUSTICE

IN

GENERAL

ius dicere

to administer justice (said of the

praetor).

ins reddere (Liv. 3. t^-^^

ius

suum persequi to assert one's right. to obtain ius suum adipisci {Lay. i. 32. 10) to maintain one's ius suum tejiere, obtinere

justice.
right.

de iure suo decedere or cedere

{ex) iure^ lege agere

summo

iure agere

cum aliquo cum aliqico

to waive one's right.

to

go to law with a person.

(cf.

summum

ius^

summa

iniurid)

to proceed against

some one with the

utmost rigour of the law

favour.
in ius,
in
iudiciimi

to strain the law in one's

vocare
court.

aliquem

to

summon some
appear on
a

one before the

diem
dicere alicui

to summon some one to

to accuse a person.

given day
iti

indicium venire, in iudicio adesse

indicia administrare

to

appear

in court.

to

have charge of the administra-

tion of justice.

indicium exercere {vid. p. 51, note)

to

to administer justice
cases

judge

(used

of

criminal

before

the

praetor).
iudicio praeesse

to

be president of a court.
i.

conventus agere (B. -G.

54)

to

convene the

assizes

(used of a provincial governor).

quaestiones perpetuae (Brut. 27.

106)

the

standing com-

missions of inquiry.

aliquem in integrurn

{vid. p.

47, note) restituere

to rein-

state a person in his right.

238

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

(i) respojzdere^ {de iure or ius)

to give a legal opinion,

decision on points of law.

(2) cavere {in iure) (Off.
2.

65)

to point out

what preto insure

cautions,

what formal steps must be taken

in the

immunity.
(3)
<^S^'^^

to

be energetic

conduct of the case; to

plead before the judge.

aequuni iudicem
equitably.
se

alicui praebere

to

judge

some one
and
equit-

ex aequo
ably.

et botio

(Caecin.

23.

65)

justly

an impartial judge. iudiciorum aequa a

iudex incorruptus
ratio
^judicial organisation.
2.

iuris

descriptio (Off.

4.

15)

sound

judicial

system.

aequo iure vivere cum aliquo

to live with

some one on
proclaim that

an equal

footing.
5.

iustitium indicere, edicere (Phil.

12)

to

the courts are closed, a cessation of legal business.

iustitium remittere
ius

ad artem
nullum

ius

absence of
redigere

to re-open the courts. to reduce law to a system.

justice.

ius ac fas

omne

delere\ yto

trample

,11, all law

under

foot.

omnia tura pervertere J

contra ius fasque

Optimo iure

with

against

all law,

human and

divine.

full right.

In

{\\\\

consulenti respondere.

From

this consultation

lawyers got
7'esponiiere,

the

title

hiris or iure constilti.

In these three points,

cavere, agere, consisted the practical duty of a jurist.

Cicero, however

(De Or.

I.

48),

adds scribere = \.o draw up legal instruments such as

wills, contracts, etc.

INQ UIR y TES TIMONY TOR TUKE

ins praccipuiwi^ be7ieficium^

239

domim^ also

i7?imu?iitas^ c.

Gen.

prerogative,
2.

privilege.

INQUIRYTESTIMONYTORTURE
causam cognoscere
1

aliq2iid^

to

hold an inquiry into a

matter.
iTi

quaerere aliquid or de aliqua re\

qiiaestione77i

habere de aliquo^ de aliqua re or

aliquetn

to

examine a person, a matter.

quaestioTti praeesse

to preside over

an inquiry.

quaesitor

the examining judge.

(of.

incog7uta causa

p.

241, i7idicta causa)

without

any

examination.
in tabulas publicas referre aliquid

to enter a thing

in the

public records.
deprehe7idere alique77i
(Jti

aliqua re)

to catch a person,

find

him

out.
Iti

deprehcTidere alique77i
in the act.
testis

77ia7tifesfo scelere

to take a person

gravis

testis locuples

testis iTicprruptus

an important a witness worthy of atque an impartial

witness.
ititeger
{iTt

all credit.

witness.

aliquem testem alicuius rei

aliquid) citare

to

cite

person to give evidence on a matter.

aliquem
aliquo
teste7fi

adhibere

\
\

yto use

some one

evidence.

teste uti

aliqueTti testem dare, edere^

proA
Vto produce as a witness.
J
is

ferre

aliquem testem producere

^

privilegium in this sense

post-classical.

In classical prose
{'t)rivus),

it

denotes a law passed for or against an individual

e.g.

privilegium ferre, irrogare de aliquo (Cic.

240

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

testem prodire {in aliquein)

to

appear as witness against

to give evidence

a person.
testimotiium dicere pro aliquo

on some

one's behalf.

pro testimonio
testibus teneri,

dicere

to state as evidence.

convictum esse

to

be convicted by some

one's evidence.
alicui

admovere

for??ienta

^7^ J qiiaerere tormentis de aliquo

Ko have
\

a person tortured. ^

de servis quaerere {in dominu??i)

torture.

to

examine

slaves

by

cruciatUs tormentorum

the pains

of torture.
qiiis

aliquem a

ceteris

separare et in arcam conicere ne

cu7n

eo colloqui possif {Mil. 22. 60)

to isolate a witness.

3.

PROCESS DEFENCE
civil case.

causa privaia

causa publica (Brut. 48. 178)

causam

alicuius

agere

person's case (said

causam
causam

dicere, orare (Brut.

a criminal (apud conduct of an address the court 47)

case.

iudicem)

to

agent, solicitor).
to

12.

(of the advocate).

dicere

to

defend oneself before the judge (of the

accused).

causam

dicere pro aliquo

causa7n alicuius defendere

in a case.

to

defend a person.

to

conduct some one's defence

10)

causa7n optimam habere (Lig.

4.

to

have a good

case.

causa?n inferiore^n dice?ido reddere superiore7n (rov ijrrco

\oyov KpeiTTco iroLelv) (Brut. weak case by clever pleading.

8.

30)

to gain a

PROCESS DEFENCE
patronus^ (causae) (De Or.
caiisaiti suscipere
2.

A CCUSA TION 69) counsel; advocate.

undertake a case.
,
,

24

1 \\.o

ad

causa?n aggredi or accederex

indicia causa (opp. cognita causa) /item alicui intendere

without going

to law.

to

go to law with, sue a person.

adhuc sub iudice

lis est

(Hor. A. P. 77)

the

case

is

still

undecided.
lites

coinponere (Verg. Eel.

3.

108)

to arrange a dispute

(by arbitration).

causam or
.

litem obtinere\
,.
. .

causa or ludicio vincere

Ko

win a case.

causam or
dere

litem amittere, per-\

to lose one's case.

causa or

lite

cadere (owing to

some

informality)
litimn (Mil.
27.

calufnniae

74)

chicanery

(specially of

wrongfully accusing an innocent man).

4.

ACCUSATIONVERDICT DECISION

accusatio (Cael. 3. 6)
actio^ petitio

a criminal accusation.
2.

private, civil prosecution.

38. 94)

nomen

alicuius deferre (apicdpraetorem) (Verr.

to accuse,

denounce

a person.

referre in reos aliquem

to

put some one on the

list

of the

accused.
eximere de rets aliqictm
the
list

to strike a person's

name

off

of the accused.

aliquis reus fit

^

(Fam.

13.

54)

some one

is

accused.
In
i.e.

They were not called advocati till under the Empire, Augustan Latin advocatus amicus qui adest alicui {in iudicio), a man who supported his friend by his presence and influence.

^42

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

. 28)-to
challenge, reject jury-

indices reicere (Verr. 3.

men.
crimi?ia diluere, dissolvere~io refute charges.

accusare aliquem rei capitalis {rerum capitalium)~\.o charge some one with a capital offence.

caput aUcuius agitur {vid.

p.

53)-_a person's

life

is

in

jeopardy.
accusare

aliquem peculatus, pecuniae pudlicaeio

accuse

some one of malversation, embezzlement of public

money.
accusare aliquem falsarum tabularum

^ to accuse a person

of forging the archives. postulare aliquem repetundarum

or de repetundis~to accuse a person of extortion (to recover the sums extorted). accusare aliquem perduellionisto charge a person with treason (hostile conduct against the state generally). accusare aliquem maiestatis-~lo accuse a person of high treason (more specific than the preceding). accusare aliquem ambitus, de ambitu~to accuse

some one

of illegal canvassing.
accusare^

de veneficiislo accuse a person of violence, poisoning.

vi,

aliquem de

accusare aliquem inter sicarios

(Rose.

Am.
jury.

32.

90) to

accuse a person of assassination.

sententiae

iudicum~thQ finding of the

3.

sententiamferre, dicere (Off.

16.

66)-to" give sentence

I

(of the judge,

cf. p.

79, note).

'

Cf.

tabulaspublzcascorrumpere {-Rose.

Am.

128)

lalsify
-

public records.

commntare, to

Extortion generally can be rendered by vioknta exactio pecumarum, or some verbal periphrasis (e.g. per vim capere peafmas,

GUILT
iudicare

243

causam

{de aliqiia re)

to decide on the conduct

1

of the case.
iudiciuui rescindere
.

,.

res tudicatas rescindere {^?d\. 22. 63)!

lege

/r.

11

fto rescind a decision.

.....

Plautia damnari{^2^. Cat. 31. 4)

to

be condemned

under the Lex

Plautia.

5.

GUILT
;

in culpa esse

to

be at

fault

to

blame

culpable.
is

culpa alicuius rei est in aliquo

some one
fault.

to

blame

in a

matter

it is

some one's

mea

culpa est

it is

my
Vto

fault.

culpa carere^ vacareX

extra culpam esse
abesse a culpa

be

free

from blame.

J
.
,

prope abesse a culpa\

Vto
I

be almost culpable.

qffinem

esse

culpae

culpam in aliqicem
culpam

conferre, transferrer conicere

to put the

blame on another.
alicui attribuere, assignare

to attribute the fault to

some one.
aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr.
5.

50)

to

reproach, blame a person for

culpam

comniittere, contrahere 1 to

commit some blameworthy action.

. . .

facinus, culpam in se admittere\

non
co77imittere,

ut

to take care not to

culpa7?i alicuius rei sustinere

culpam a

se a7novere

to bear the

blame of a

thing.

to exonerate oneself from blame.

veniam dare

alicui

to pardon a person.

^ l^oio. purgare aliquid, to justify oneself in a matter; se alicui purgare de aliqua re (Fam. 12. 25); alicui purgatum esse (B. G.
I.

28).

244

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

6.

PUNISHMENTACQUITTAL
aUque7n
(Off. 2. 5. 18)"^
'to

poena

afficere

animadvertere in

alique77i

punire aliquem
ulcisci

punish some one.

aliquem {pro aliqiia

re)

poenas alicuius persequi

poenam

pefere, repetere ad aliquo

to exact a penalty

from

poenas expetere ab aliquo

suppliciufn swnere de aliquo

some

one.

hanc poenam

constituere in aliquem^ ut
. .

to ordain as

punishment that
with a person.

graviter consulere in aliquem (Liv.

8.

13)

to deal severely

poenas [graves) dare alicui

to

be (heavily) punished by

some
poenas

one.

alicui pendere (alicuius rei)

to

be punished by some

one (on account of a

poenas dependere^ expendere,
vere, persolvere

thing).
sol-\

poenam
ferre

(alicuius rei) ferre,

per

to suffer punishment.

poenatn luere (alicuius

rei) (Sull. 27.

it.

76)

to

be punished

for a thing, expiate

luere
^

aliquid aliqua re

(De

Sen. 20)

to atone for

some-

thing by

poenam

subire

to

submit to a punishment.

pecunia multare alique^n

fine.

to

condemn some one

to a

To

express the passive use expiari, e.g. scehis siipplicio expiatum

est.

PUNISHMENTA CQ UITTAL
viultavi irrogare aliciii

245
fine

(Dom.

17.

45)

to

impose a

(used

of

the

prosecutor or

the

tribunus plebis

proposing a fine to be ratified by the people).

decern niilibus aeris
171

damnari

to

be fined 10,000
,.
\

asses.

vincula {custodiam\ dare aliquei)i\

,
.

o put

some one
chams.

in

vincu/a,

in catenas

conicere

ali-

quem
in carcerem conicere aliquefji
capitis

irons,
I

to

throw some one into prison.

or capite damnare aliquem

to death.

to

condemn some one

a

capitis

absolvere

aliquem

to

repeal

death-sentence

passed on a person.
supplicium alicui decernere^ in aliquein constituere

to decree

the penalty of death.

Solo capite sanxit, si quis
it
. . .

(Att. 10. i)
. .

Solon
to

made

a capital offence to

morte multare aliquem (Catil.

i.

11. 28)

punish any

one with death.

suppliciuni

sumere

de

aliqiio

to

execute

the

death-

sentence on a person.
supplicio (capitis) affici

to
2.

suffer capital
5)

punishment.

ad palum

deligare (Liv.

virgis caedere

to bind to the stake.

to beat with rods.

securi percutere^ ferire aliquem

off his head.

to execute a person, cut

in crucem a^ere. tollere aliqueniX

.

cruci sujpgere

aliquem

\.

Ko

crucify.

impune fecisse^

tulisse aliquid

impunitum aliquem
mortem
^

dimittere
7.

to

go unpunished.
person go scot-free.

to let a

deprecari (B. G.

40. 6)

to

beg

for

life.

One can
to obtain

also say vitam, sahitevi deprecari, as deprecari

means

(i)

by supplication,

(2) to avert

by supplication.

246

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

XVI.
I.

WAR
OATHARMIES
IN

LEVIES MILITARY

GENERAL
aetas militaris

military age.

qui arma ferre possunt or inventus

men of
service
21.

military age.

qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad belliwi

inutiles

men exempt from

Pomp.

owing to

age.

exercitum conjicere (Imp.

61)

to

raise

an

army.
milites {exercitu??i) scribere^ conscribere
dilectu7?i

habere

to levy troops.

to hold a levy.
civitatibus

imperare

^nilites

to

compel communities
to enlist oneself.
7.

to

provide troops.

nomen

{no??iina) dare, profiteri

ad

no7iien no7t respondere (Liv.

4)

to

fail

to

answer

one's name.
militiam (only in the sing.) capessere

to take service in the

army.
militiam detrectare, subterfugere
service.

to try to avoid military

excusare niorbuni, valetiidine7n

to plead ill-health as

an

excuse for absence.

militiae vacatione7?i habere

to

be excused military duty.

equo^ pedibus 77ierere (Liv. 27. 11)

to serve in the cavalry,

infantry.

sacramenfu77i (o) dicere {vid. p.

179,

note)

to

take the

military oath.
milites sacra77iento rogare, adigere

to

make

soldiers take

the military oath.

LEVIES MILITARY OATH ARMIES

evocare undique copias
cvocati^

247

to call
5.

up troops from
issue

all sides.

vohmtarii (B. G.

56)

omnes ad arma
arms.
efficere

coiivocare

the volunteers.
a general
call

to

to

dims legiones

to

form two legions.

i.

cojHplere legiones (B. C.

25)

to

fill

up the numbers of

the legions.

supplementum

cogere, scridere, legere

to levy recruits to

fill

up the
aiixilia
^

strength.

arcessere

to

summon
some

auxiliary troops.

copias (arma)

cum

aliquo iungere or se

cum aliquo iungere

to join forces with

one.

conducere^ contrahere copias

cogere 07?ines copias in

to concentrate troops.

unum

locum

to concentrate all the

troops at one point.

parare

exercitu?Ji, copias
i.

8.

to equip

an army, troops.

alere exercitum (Off.

25)

to support

an army.

recensere^ lustrare, recognoscere exercitum

(Li v. 42. 31)

to

review an army.
de??iittere

exercitum

to disband

an army.

commeatum
magnae
ingens^

militibus dare (opp. petere^

to give furlough,

leave of absence to soldiers.

copiae (not multae)
3. 3.

exiguae copiae (Fam.

a large a small
2)

force,

many

troops.

force.

maximus

exercitus (not nu??ierosus)

numerous

army.
robora peditujn
milites levis

the Hower of the armaturae

infantry.

light infantry.

?/xz7za

= auxiliary

troops raised in the provinces, usually light

cavalry.

In Caesar's army the cavalry consisted of Gaulish, Spanish,

to

and German auxiliaries. A thousand of these were attached legion and were usually commanded by a Roman officer.

each

^^S

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

]

vetus miles, veteranus miles

veterans

qui

magnum in castris usu?n

ready for
battle.

experienced

habent]

troops.

expeditus (opp. impeditus) miles-3. soldier lightly armed,

exercitatus in

/-/wj practised

in arms.

milites tumultuarii^

(opp. exercitus iustus) (Liv. 35.

;

2)

tiro?tes

2.

soldiers collected in haste

recruits.

irregulars.

PAY SERVICECOMMISSARIAT
^

stipendium

dare,

numerare, persolvere militibus^o pay

the troops.
stipendia facere, merere

to serve.

e7neritisstipendiis{^^\\, lug. 84.

2)after having completed

one's service.
militia functum,

perfunctum
2.

esse\

rude donatum esse^ (Phil.

milites

29)

j^^ ^^^^^^ ^^"^ service.

mercemiarii or exercitus conducticiusmQrcQn^ry

troops.

rem frumentariam
P^^idere
rei

comparare,\

look after the commissariat.

frumentariae prospicere (B. G. I. 23)

tumultus
is

used of a sudden

rising, rebellion, to repress

all

able-bodied

men were

called to arms.
cf. i).

Such

risings

larly common in Gaul, but himulhcs Istricus (Liv. 41. 6.

2

tumidttis servilis

which were particu(B. G. r 10)

^

'

established in 406 B.C. ; it was paid at the end of the campaign, hence stipendia often = campaigns, years of service. ^ Used originally of gladiators, who on their retirement received a staff or wooden sword {rudis\ hence they were called rudiarii.
first

stipendmm

Cf Ov.

Tr. 4. 8. 24

me quoque donari iam rude tempus

erat.

COMMISSA RIA T COMMA ND

frumentum providere
for the troops.
exercitui

249

to provide

corn-supplies

frumenti vim

maximam

co^nparare

to

procure a very

large supply of corn.

intercludere co7n??ieatu7n

to cut off the supplies, intercept

them.
intercludere^ prohibere

hostes

commeatu

to

cut

off all

supplies of the enemy.

3.

COMMAND DISCIPLINE
exercitui

some one at the head of an army, give him the command. to charge some one with praeficere alique7n bello gerendo
praeficere aliquem
to place

the conduct of a war.

praeesse exercitui

to be at the head of an army.

77iilitari

magnum usum

in re

habere (Sest.

5.

12)

to pos-

sess great experience in military matters.

rei militaris rude77i
esse

to

have had no experience

in

war.
vir fortissimus

magnas

res gerere

hero.
to

perform heroic exploits.

a glorious feat of

res fortiterfeliciterque gestci\z. success;

res bene gesta res gestae
su77i77ia
^
\

arms.
;

exploits in

war
G.

brilliant actions.
2.

belli^ i77iperii

(B.

4.

7)

the

command-in-

chief.
CU771 i77ipe7io esse

to hold a high

command.
and
also

Thus magnae,

niemorabiles, praestantissifnae res gestae,

meae, tuae, suae,

etc.

The

phrase rem gerere can be used either of

cf.

the combat [proeliuni) or the whole war [bellurn),

Off. 3.

B. G.

5.

44. 11

108.

250
imperii

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

summam
fenere

{Re^.

2.

2Z)]io
[

be

commanderalicui

t??tpem suvwiae praeesse

in-chief.

imperii

summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere to appoint some one commander-in-chief.

imperium transfertur ad aliquem (not transit)~\hQ command is transferred, passes to some one imperium alicui abrogare (Off. 3. io)-to depose a person from his command.
modestia^
tion).

(opp.

m;;^^^^^//^) discipline

(insubordina-

dicto

audientem

esse

alicui \o obey a person's orders.

\

milites disciplina coercere

77iilites

coercere

et in

officio^^'^

^^^P

^^

discipline

cotitinere (B.

C.

i.

67.

4))

^"^^"gst one's men.

4.

WEAPONS
for

arma arma

capere,

sumere~to take up one's arms. expedire (Tusc. 2. 16. 37)_to make ready
itiduere

battle.

galeam
annis

to put

on one's helmet.

{castris) exuere aliquem \q disarm a person. arma ponere (not deponere) to pile arms (cf. p.

189,

note).

ad armis discedere (Phil. n. 33)_to lay in armis esse to be under arms.

down

arms.

cum

telo esse

to
e

be armed.

extorquere

arma

manibus to

wrest weapons from

some

one's hands.
1

modestia, the character of the

man who
of
;

observes a

mean

servat

{qui

modum),

is

used
it

morally

self-restraint,
in the

moderation

{<T^4>po<x{,vri).

In politics

means

loyalty

army, discipline

WE A PONS IVAR
res

251

ad

nri7ia

venit

matters

have reached the

fighting-

stage.
tela iacere^ cojiicere^ mittere

to discharge missiles.

extra

teli

iactum^ cojiiediun esse

to

be out of range.
31)

ad

teli

coniectum

venire (Liv.

2.

to

come

within

javelin-range.
se obicere telis

to

expose oneself to

missiles.

eminus

hastis, cotmniniis gladiis uti

to use javelins at a

distance, swords at close quarters.

gladium educere

{e

vagina)

to

draw one's sword (from

to sheath one's sword.

the scabbard).
gladiiwi in vagi?iam recondere

gladium gladium
in

stringere, destringere

to

draw one's sword.

to

alicui in pectus injigere

plunge one's sword

some one's

breast.
2.

gladio aliquem per pectus tra7tsfigere (Liv.

fix,

46)

i.

to trans-

pierce a man's breast with one's sword.

58)

sicam, cultrum in corde alicuius defigere^ (Liv.

to

plunge a dagger, knife in

decurrere {in armis)

some

one's heart.

vi et armis

by

to manoeuvre.

force of arms.

5.

WAR
w\ar.

bellum parare

to

make

preparations for

apparatus

(xSiXQ in plr.)^^///

preparations for war;

to

war-

material.
bellu7n indlcere,

demmtiare

make

form.al

declaration

of war.
^

defigere is also used metaphorically, e.g. defigere onines cui'as,

14. 5.

cogitatio7ies in rei public ae salute (Phil.

13).

^S^

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

,.
,

res repetere {ai, aliquo) (Off.

,.

36)-to demand
restitution.

satis-

faction, restitution.
res reddere {alicui) (cf. p.
bellu7,i

57)_to make

lustum {piiwi)^ regular, formal war. bellum intestinum, domesticum (opp. bellum externum)-^
civil war.

bellum facere, movere, excitare~to cause a war bellum conflare (Fam. 5. 2. 8)-to kindle a war. bellu7?i jnoliri to meditate war. bellum incipere, belli milium facere (B. G. 7.

i.

commence

5) to

hostilities.

48) to interfere in a war. involved in a war. bellum cum aliquo inireto begin a war with some one bellum impendet, imminef, instaf^ war is imminent. bellum oritur, exardescit^Ynr breaks out.
omnia
bello flagrant or

bello se interponere (Liv. 35. bello tmplicari~to be

ardent (Fsim.
is

4.

i.

2)everywhere

the torch of war

flaming.

bellum gerere cum aliquo~to make war on a person. bellum coniungere (Imp. Pomp.
9.

26) to wage war

in

conjunction with some one.

bellum ducere, trahere, extrahere~to protract, prolong a
war.

omni studio

in {ad) bellum

incumbere~io carry on a war

i.

energetically.

bellum inferre alicui {An. bellum or

9.

3)_to

invade.

arma
j

war

inferre~to be the aggressor in a to act on the offensive.

ultro

bellmn {inlatum) defendere~to act on the defensive. proficisci ad bellum, in expeditionem (Sail. lug. 103) to go to war, commence a campaign.
mittere

ad bellum~to send

to the war.

WAR THE ARMY ON THE MARCH

belhun ad^mnisfrare

253

to

have the control of the war.

bello perseqin aliqiiein^ Iacessere

belli fi7iem facere^

bellum fifiire

belhwi

conficere^ perficere

to harass with war.

to put an

end

to a war.

to terminate a war (by force of

arms and defeat of one's opponents).

bellum componere (Fam. 10.
2iZ)

to terminate a

war (by war

a treaty, etc.)
bellum transferre
elsewhere.
belli
alto, in
.
.

to transfer the seat of

sedes

(Liv.

4.

31)

the

seat

of

war, theatre

of

operations.
ratione7?i
belli

gerendi mutare (Liv. 32. 31)

to

change

one's tactics.

6.

THE ARMY ON THE MARCH

(Liv. 10. 41)

agi7ien

medium
column.

the centre

of the marching

ag7nen primum

the vanguard. agmen novissimm?i {exfremm?i) the rearguard. agmen bring up the
claudere, cogere

to

rear.

signa^ ferre, tollere\\.o begin the march, break up the

castra movere

agmen
^

agere

camp.

to set the

army

in motion.

^a = standards

of a maniple, cohort, or legion.

Since Marius'

time the signuin of a lgion was an eagle, those of the maniples

different animals, wolf, horse, etc.

In the

camp

the standards were

in the front rank,

fixed in the ground, in action they

were carried

hence several phrases

signa convellere,

tollere, efferre, to

break up
;

camp

signa proferre, promovere, to advance in battle-order

;

signa
signa
signa

inferre, to attack

signa conferre, to

come

to close quarters

statuere,

to

halt
;

signa convertere, to change one's route

sigtta relinqiiere, to desert, etc.

referre, to retire

^54

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

cum exerdtu~io advance with the army
37)--by forced marches.
itineribus

procedere

magnis

itineribus (Sail. lug.

quam maximis
citatum

{potest)~hy the longest possible

lead

forced marches.

agmen

rapere\\.o

the

army

with

forced

raptim agmen ducere j

citato

marches.

gmdu

incedere

(cf. p.

i5)_to advance

rapidly.

loca, regiones, loci

naturam explorare~io reconnoitre the

ground.
iterfacere

to

march.
i.

iterconficere (B. C.
iter

traverse a route. maturare, accekrare~to quicken the pace of marching.

70) to

iter continuare (B.

C.

3.

ii)-to march without

interrup-

tion.
iter 7ion intermittere~not to interrupt
iterflectere, convertere,

the march.

avertere\xo
i.

deviate,
direction.

change

the

signa convertere (B. G.

25) j
. .

averso itinere contendere in

.to change one's route

ii)--to force a way,
a

iter

and march towards tentare per vim (cf.

passage.

p.

agmen, exercitum demittere in

to
.
.

.to march down on

.

exercitum admovere, adducere

ad

.to advance on

signa sequi (opp. a signis discedere, signa relinquere)~\Q follow the standards.
ordi?zes servare (B.
confertis, solutis

G.

4.

26) to keep

the ranks.

ordinibusw'ith close ranks; with ranks

in

in disorder.
raris ordinibus

open

order.

ordines turbare,

perrumpereto break the ranks.

THE ARMY ON THE MARCH

agmi?ie quadrato incedere, ire
in order of battle.

255

to

march with closed

columns.

ranks,

agmine

duplici, triplki

novissimos pretiiere
novissimos turbare

novissimos carpere

in two, three

to press the rearguard.

to

throw the rearguard into confusion.

to harass the rear.

novissimis praesidio esse

to protect the troops in the rear.

incautos^

oppHinere hostes
surprise

{ifnprudentes^

inopinmites^

to

and defeat the enemy.

subsistere, consistere\

Uo

halt.

gradimi

sistere

capere^ occupare

locwn

occupare loca superiora

i.

to
to

occupy a position (with

troops).

occupy the high ground.

35.

praeoccupare

locum

(Liv.

27)

to

occupy a place
mountain.
a

beforehand.
tenere

montem
in

(B. G.

22)

consistere

monte

to hold a

to

take

up one's position on

mountain.
considere sub 7?ionte [sub montis radicibus^

to

occupy the

foot of a
,.

hill.

praesidiis firmare
.

urbem
.

\
-

hto garrison a town. praesidiU7n collocare in uroe\

-,

praesidia^ custodias disponere

intervals.
vigilias crebras

to station posts, pickets, at

ponere

(Sail. lug. 45. 2)

to place a close

line of sentry-posts.

7.

THE CAMP

castra stativa (Sail. lug. 44)

castra hiberna^ aestiva castra ponere^ locare

winter-quarters, summer-quarters. encamp.

to

a permanent camp.

256
idoneo,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

aequo, sua

(opp.

iniquo)

loco~m

favourable

position.

i3)-to mark out a camp. miliks in hibernis collocare, in hiberna deducereto take the troops to their winter-quarters.
castra

castra metarl (B. C. 3.

munire~to make a
rampart.

fortified,

entrenched camp.

casfra munire vallo {aggere)~\.o fortify the

camp

with a

fossa7n ducere~\.o

make

a ditch, a fosse.
raise a rampart, earth-

vallum

iacere, exstruere,

facereto

work.
castra praesidiis

firmare~to strengthen the camp by

milites

outposts.

praesidio

castris

relinquere to leave

troops

to

guard the camp.

casfra coniungere, iungere (B. C.
in
i.

63) to make

camp

common.
7.

castra nudare (B. G.

7o)-to leave the camp unde-

fended.
cohors,

quae in

statio7ie

^^/ the cohort on guard-duty.

vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4.

43)-to mount guard

in

the camp.
custodias agere in
statio?ies

agere pro portis~\o be

vallo~to keep watch on the rampart. on duty before the gates

circumire vigilias (Sail. lug. 45.

2) to make

the round

of the sentries.
tesseram

dare

(Liv.

28.

i4)-to give the watchword,

countersign.
copias castris continere~to
se {quietum) tenere

excursione7n in

keep the troops in camp. castristo remain inactive in camp. hostium agros facere~\o make an inroad

into hostile territory.

THE CAMP A SIEGE

praedaiu7n
feri'e ire

257

to

go

in

search of plunder, booty.

atque agere^ praedajfi

capere eqiws

to carry off booty.

to capture horses.

iignatum, aquatum ire

to

go to fetch wood, water.

pabiclatum^ frumentatum ire

to forage.

pabulatione premi (B. C.

forage.

i.

78)

to suffer

from want of

omnia ferro
vastare

igniqiie^

ferro atque igni or ferro flam7naque

to ravage with fire

and sword.

dassicum or tuba canit ad praetorium

the bugle, trumpet

signal
for

sounds before the general's

vasa conclamare (B.
C.
3.

tent.

37)

to give the

breaking up the camp, collecting baggage.

vasa
colligere

(Liv.

21.

47)

to

pack the baggage

(for

marching).
signa
conveliere
(vid.

p.

253,

note)

to

pluck up

the

standards out of the ground (to begin the march).

consilium habere* convocare
re7n

ad consilium
of war.

deferre

to

hold a council of war.

to refer a matter to a council

8.

A SIEGE
(B. G.
i.

oppidu7?i natura loci

munitum

38)

town with

a strong natural position.

oppidu7n
77ianu

(opere)

munitum

town

artificially

fortified.

oppidum

obsidere
,
.

1
,

,.

HO

besiege a

city.

oppidiwi oosidione claudereX

oppidum in
siege.
^

obsidio7ie tenere

to

keep a town

in a state of

ferre of things inanimate, agere of cattle.

Cf. ^^peiv

/fai dt7ei;'.

258

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

oppidiwi fame domare

oppidum oppugnare

to

to starve a

town into surrender.

storm a town.
7)

oppidum claudere operibus (Nep. Milt.

to

invest

town with earthworks.

oppidum
cingere vallo et fossa
fosse.

to surround a

town with a

rampart and
opera facere

to raise siege-works.
(B.

vineas agere

G.

3.

21)

to

advance pent-houses,

mantlets.
turres instituere^ exstruere

to raise towers.
2.

testudine facta inoenia subire (B. G.

6)

to

advance to

the walls protected by a covering of shields.

scalas

admovere (B. C.

3.

d'^

positis scalis

muros ascendere

to apply scaling-ladders.

to scale the walls

by means

of ladders.
aries

murum

attingit^ percutit

the
J
1

battering-ram strikes

the wall.
iter

ruina patefactum

patentia minis {vid. p. 185, note)

cuniculos agere (B.

G.

3.

21)

to

make

mines, subter-

raneous passages.

oppidum tormentis verberare

to rain missiles

on a town,
missiles.

bombard

it.

tela ingerere^ conicere

to discharge

showers of

murimi nudare defensoribus

the walls.
eruptione7?i facere

to drive the defenders

from

ex oppido
to

make

sally, sortie

from

crebras ex oppido excursiones

the town.
facere (B. G.
2.

30)
2.

ignem inferre operibus (B. C.

siege-works.

14)

to set fire to the

subsidium alicui summittere

to

send

relief to

some

one.

A SIEGE
viunitiones perrumpere

259

to

break through the lines (and

relieve a town).
urbis obsidwne77i liberare
1
\

to

raise a

siege (used of the

relief).

oppidum obsidione
months.
oppugnationem^

liberare

army of

obsidionein quattuor menses siistinere

to hold out for four

obsidione7ii

relinquere

to

give

up

an

assault, a siege.

portas obstruere (B. G.

"^

5.

50)
1

to barricade the gates.

1 1

portas refringere
claustra
in in

portarum
.
.

-to -, revellere\
1
.
\

break down the gates.

,

oppidum irrumpere
.

KO

break mto the town.

oppidum irruptionem jacere

capere^
recipere

oppidmn oppidmn oppidum oppidum oppidmn

expugnare

incefzdere

diripere

to take, storm a town.

to retake a town.

to fire a town.

to plunder a town.

evertere^

excidere

to

completely

destroy

town.
oppidiwi solo aequare

to raze a

town

to the ground.

deditione facta (Sail. lug. 26)

arma

traders

after capitulation.

to surrender

weapons.

salutem petere

victore

to

beg

for

mercy from the

up one's person

conqueror.
se
se

suaque of?mia dedere

victoriX to

give

suaque

omnia permittereV
-

and

all

one's

posses-

victoris potestati
se permittere

sions to the conqueror.

2.

infidem atque inpotestatem alicuius (B. G.

infidem

3)

to surrender oneself to the discretion of

some

one.
recipere

aliquem (Fam.
one.

13. 16)

to deal mercifully

with

some

^^

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

libera corpora sub corona {kasfa) veneunt

the

{K

i\.

3.

free

men

16. 4)

are sold as slaves.

et //<^^w with wife and child. aliquem {incoiumem) conservare~to grant a man his

cum uxoribus

life.

9.

BEFORE THE FIGHT

potestafem, copiam pugnandi hostibus facere~io offer battle to the enemy.

potestatem suifacere {alicui)

battle.

(of. p.

196,

notes)-to accept

proelio

{adpugnam)

hostes lacessere,

provocare~to provoke

the

enemy

to battle.

pugnam
hostem

60) to decline battle. supersedere proelioio refrain from fighting.

e

detrectare (Liv. 3.

manibus

no?t

dimittere~Xo not

let

the

enemy

escape.

locum ad

pugnam idoneum

deligere~Xo choose suitable

ground for an engagement. diempugnae constituere (B. G. 3.

24)-to

fix

a day for the

engagement. signum proelii {committendi) exposcere (B. G.

7.

demand

19) to

loudly the signal to engage.

signum proelii dare~\o give the signal to engage

vexillum proponere (Liv. 22.

3)-to

fix

the ensign on the the engage-

general's tent (as a signal to

commence

ment).

ad arma

co7tcurrere

to rush to arms.

exercitum educere or producere in

to the fight.

aciemio lead the army

54,

ad vim

et

arma

descendere {vid p.

notes) to have

recourse to force of arms.

THE FIGHT
in certamen descendere

261

to

engage

in the fight.

in aciem descendere (Liv. 8. 8)

to enter the field of battle.

acie7n {capias, exercitiwi) instriiere or in acie constiticere

to

draw up forces
in three lines.

in battle-order.
i.

aciem triplicem instruere (B. G.

24) to

draw up the army

battle,

aciem explicare or dilatare

to

extend the line of

deploy the battalions.

media
acies

subsidia collocare
eqiiites

the
latera

centre.
to station reserve troops.

ad

disponere (B.

G.

6.

8)

to

place the

cavalry on the wings.

contionari

apud

miiites

(fi.

C.

i.

7) (to
J

harangue the
diers.

sol-

contionem habere apiid milites

advirtutem

excitare, cohortari {or

simply adhortari, cohortari)

to incite to valour.
5.

animos militum confirmare (B. G.

49)

to encourage,

embolden the

soldiery.

10.

THE FIGHT
in

{a)

The Fight

General

proelium

com77iittere

(i) to begin the battle, (2) to give

battle.

proelium inire (Liv.

proeliu?7i facere

2.

14)

to engage.

to give battle.

proelio equestri co7itendere\ to give battle with

proeliu77i equestre facere
J

a cavalry-

division.

proeliu77i facere secundu77i\

,.
.

Vto fight successfully.

I

proeliis secundis uti

re77i

{bene, 77iale) gerere {vid. p. 187,

note)

to win,

lose a

fight (of the

commander).

262

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

proeliiwi intermittere

to

to interrupt the battle.

i.

proelium dirimere (B. C.

40)

proelium

restituere

to

break off the

fight.

renew the

battle with success.

proelium renovare^ redintegrare

proelium deserere

i.

to begin the fight again.

fight.

to give

up the

proelio^ arniis decertare (B. G.

battle.
acie (armis, ferrd) decernere \

50)

to fight a decisive

vto fight a pitched battle.

in acie dimicare

to take part the engagement. ex equo pugnare on horseback. combat. provocare aliquem ad singulare to challenge
proelio interesse
in

to fight

certanien singiilare

single

certanien

some one

to single combat.

proelium cruentum^ atrox

a bloody

battle.

proelium iustum (opp. tumultuarium)

a pitched

battle.

{b)

The Attack
82)

classicum canit (B. C.

attack.

3.

the trumpet sounds

for the

gradum
aggredi

inferre
hoste77i

i?i

hostem

to

march on the enemy.

invadere, i?ftpetum

facere in
to attack the

enemy.

hostem
signa inferre in hostem

iinpetum sustinere

(fi.

G.

i.

26)

impetum
^

excipere'^ (Li v. 6.
is

12)

to resist the attack, onset. to parry the attack.

;

impetus
Caesar's
rising

not used in the dative sing, or in the plur.

the troops
;

these

cases are supplied by incursio.

2

method of attack was usually

at the

this

drawn
within

up on

ground charged

double {concursus)

when

range came eniissio telorum ox pilonvn.

a hand-to-hand melee
{i7iipetiis

This was followed up by

gladiorum).

THE ATTACK
in 77iedios hostes se inicere
foe.

263

to rush into the midst of the

per medios

hostes {7?iediajn hosthim acieDi) perrwtipere

to

break through the enemy's centre.

manum (us) conserere cum

signa conferre
cu7?i

hoste 1 to
J

come
ters.

to

close

quar-

hoste

proelio concurritur (Sail.

battle

lug.

59)

the

lines

charge in

one on another.

adversis hostibus occurrere

front.

to attack the

enemy

in

the

aversos hostes aggredf]

.

hostes

a tergo

adonn

Ko
\

attack the

enemy

m
.

the rear.
hoste (Li v.

iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere

cum

35. 4)-

to fight

a pitched, orderly battle with an

enemy.
acies incllnat or incllnatur (Liv.
7.

33)

the

line of battle

gives way.

proelium anceps
ancipiti

est

the issue of the battle

cided.

is

unde-

Marte pugnaturX

diu anceps stetitpugna

the issue of the day was for a long

time uncertain.
res est in periculo, in
critical.

summo

discrimine

the

position

is

res

ad

triarios

redit (Liv. 8. 8)

the

triarii

must now

fight

(proverbially
^

= we

are reduced to extremities).

cum aliquo also sometimes means to join forces. were the veterans who made up the third hne behind the principes and hastati. If these first two lines were beaten or in difficulties [laborare), the triarii, who were in a kneeling posture {dextro genu innixi, Liv. 8. 9), stood up {consurgebant, Liv. 8. 10) and
signa conferre
^

The

triarii

continued the
redisse

fight.

Hence

this

proverb {inde rejn ad triarios

cum

laboratur proverbio increbuit).

For the organisation of

the legion in general vid. Liv.

book

8.

264

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

ic)

Close Quarters

collatis signis {viribus) pugnare

to fight hand-to-hand, at

close quarters,
turn pes ciwi

pede

collatus est (Li v. 28. 2)

a hand-to-hand

engagement ensued.
collato

pede (Liv.

6.

12)

hand

to hand.

gladio co)7iminus (opp. eminus) rem gerere

to fight with

swords at close quarters.

omissispilis gladiis
iypila)

rem gerere

to

throw down the javelins

and

fight with the sword.

"I

res

ad gladios

venit

swords
day.

must
to

now decide

the

res gladiis geri coepta est\

strictis

gladiis in hostem ferri

throw oneself on the

res

enemy with drawn sword. ad manus venit the fighting

is

now

at close quarters.

laxatis (opp. confertis) ordinibus pugnare

to

fight in

open

order.

ferariim^ ritu pugnare

manu fortis

personally brave.
(d)

to fight like lions.

Tactics

in

latus hostiiwi
flank.

incurrere

Reinforcements upon the

to
fall

enemy's

circunivenire hoste7n

aversum or a

tergo (B. G.
rear.

2.

26)

to

surround the enemy from the

multitudine
hostiu7n
cingi

to

be

surrounded by

the

superior force of the enemy.

^

The Latin language

uses the general term {/era) where

we

use

the special (lion).

Similarly

pecorwn modo fugiunt

(Liv. 40. 27),

where we

translate " they flee like deer."

REINFOR CEMENTS SUCCESSFUL ATTA CK

equitatu
siiperiorevi
esse

265
in

to

have

the

advantage

cavalry.
pare77i (opp. ivipdreni) esse hosti

to

be a match

for the

enemy.
orbe?n^ facere
,

C^^iXX.
.^

lug. q7. Ol ^ ^^ J-to

form a square.
in

tn orbem consistere

cuneum facere

(Liv. 22. 47)

to

draw up troops
to

wedge-

formation.

phalangeal facere (B. G.

i.

24)

phalangem perfringere
subsidia smtimittere

form a phalanx.

to break through the phalanx.

to

send up reserves.

integros defatigatis summittere

to

send fresh troops to

take the place of those wearied with fighting.

rari dispersique pugnare (B. C.
i.

44)

to fight in skir-

mishing order.
integri et recentes defatigatis succedunt

fresh troops relieve

the tired men.

(<?)

Successful Attack
enemy.
line
is
7.

pel/ere hostem
acies

to repulse the

hostium impellitur

the enemy's
his position.

repulsed.

loco movere, depellere^ deicere

hostem (B. G.

51)

to drive

the

enemy from

summovere or

reicere hostiu77i equites

to repel the attack

of the enemy's cavalry.

repellere^

propulsare hostem

to repulse

an attack.
its

orbis properly a circle, but corresponding almost exactly in

objects to our square-formation [vid. B. G. 4. 37, 5. 33 ; Sail. lug. For a good account of Roman military formation see 97. 5).

Kraner, Uebersicht des Kriegwesens bei Caesar, in his edition of the

Belhun Gallicum.

266

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

2.

undique premi, urgeri {^. G.

sides.

26)

to

be pressed on

all

prosternere^ profligare hostem

to rout the

enemy

(/)

Retreat

FlightPursuit
\
\

signa receptui canunt

receptui canitur (B. G.
^^

-^

/T.

r-

fthe retreat
I

is

sounded.

7.

pedejn referre

47)

to retire (without turning one's

back on

the enemy).
equitatus
tutu7ii

receptui7i

dat

the

cavalry covers the

retreat.
se recipere (B.

G.
to

7.

20)

loco excedere

to withdraw one's forces.

position.

abandon one's

infugam
r
J

dare, conicere hostem^

.

jugare hostem
fundere
J jundere
r

no

put the

enemy
-^

to flight. &

hostiu7ii copias

to rout the

enemy's

forces.

caedere et fundere hosteni\

et jugare hostejii
^

Ko
I

utterly rout the

enemy. ^

prae

se agere

hostem

to drive the

enemy

before one.

fugamfacere

(Sail. lug.
flight.

53)

(i) to put to flight, (2) to

take to

terga vertere or dare terga dare hosti

to flee, run away.

to run away from the enemy.

(B. G.
2.

fugae

se

mandare

24)^
to take to flight.

fugam
se

capessere, capere

dare in fugafu, fugae

i?i

se conicere, se co?iferre

fugam

fuga

saluteni petere

to seek safety in flight.

fiiga effusa, praeceps (Liv. 30. 5)

pecorum modo fugere

sheep.

(Liv.

40.

headlong 27)
to

flight.

flee

like deer,

FLIGHT PURSUIT^DEFEA T
arma
ex
abicere

267

to

throw away one's arms.

praecipitetn sefiigae
(i?i)

mandare

to flee headlong.
2.

fuga

dissipati or dispersi (B. G.

24)

soldiers

routed and dispersed.

hostes msequt, prosequi hosfes (^fusos)

to pursue the enemy. persequi to follow up and harass the enemy

when

in flight.

hostes assequi, cojisequi

fugie7itibus instare

to overtake the enemy.

to press the fugitives.

tergis hostiufn inhaerere

to

be on the heels of the enemy.

G.
3.

fugam

hostium

reprijiiere (B.

14)

to bring the flying

enemy
magna

to a stand.

excipere aliquem fugientem

to cut off

some

one's

flight.

caedes hostium fugientium facta est

there was great

escape from the

slaughter of fugitives.
capere aliquem vivu7?i
effugere,

to take a person alive.

eldbi e inanibus hostiu7n

to

hands of the enemy

dimittere e 77ianibus hostes
eripere

to let the

enemy

escape.

aliquem

maTiibus hostiu77i

to rescue

some one
by
flight.

from the hands of the enemy.

sefuga
recipere (B.

G.

i.

11)

to save oneself

{g)

D EFEAT

Massacre

proelio

vi7tci,

superari^ inferiore77i,
fight, lose

WoundsLosses
victu77i

discedere

to

be

defeated in

the battle.

clade77i hostibus afferre, inferre

to inflict a defeat

on the

enemy.
clade77i accipere

to suffer a defeat.
5.

i7ige7ttem

caedem edere {Iay.

13)

to cause great slaughter,

carnage.

268

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

stragem edere, facere

to massacre.

omnia
hostes,

strata siintferro

all

have perished by the sword.

exercitmn delere^ concidere

to

to annihilate, cut

up the

enemy, an army.
hostes

ad

internecione7n caedere,
9.

dekre (Li v.

26)

absolutely

annihilate

hosthnn copias occidione occldere

(Liv.
2.

the enemy.

51)

vulnus

infligere aliaii

to

wound

person

(also

used

metaphorically).

mortiferam plaga7n alicui infligere

to

inflict

mortal

wound on some
ously, mortally)

one.
accipere,

vulnus {grave, mortiferuin^

excipere

i.

to

be

(seri-

wounded.
G.
50)

7nultis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus (B.

after

many had been wounded on both

vulneribus confedus

sides.

weakened by wounds.
wounds
breast. (scars)

vulnera

{cicatrices^

adversa (opp.l
'-

on the

aversa)
'a vulnera adverso corpore acceptc

refricare^

vuhius,

cicatricem

obductam

to

open an old

wound.
ex vulnere 7nori (Fam.
magfto
CU771 detri77iento

10.

't^-^

nostri circiter centu77i cecideru7it

with great about

to die of
loss.

wounds.

hundred of our
to a

men
ad
^

fell.

it7iuin 077i7ies~

perierunt

they perished
2.

man.

refricare

is

also used metaphorically in the sense of renewing,

recalling, e.g. dolorem

(De Or.

48)

7nemoria?n (Phil.

3.

7.

18)

desideriuni (Fam.
"

5.

17. 4).

The phrase ad wnan omnes,

23.

to a

De Am.
10.

86

Fam.
14.

12.

14

Liv. 2. 55

man, without exception, occurs and without omttes, Fam.

;

16

B. C.

3.

VICTOR V TRIUMPH
II.

269

VICTORYTRIUMPH
inferiorem\
victore??i

exercitus victor

the victorious army.

{proelio^

siiperiorem

(opp.

piignd)

discedere

to

come

off victorious.

victoria7ii adipisci^

parere\
Vto gain a victory, win a battle.
\

victoriam

ferr

e^

referre

proelio vincere

victoriam reportare ab hoste

to gain a victory over the

enemy.
victoriai7i praecipere (aninio)

(yks 10. 26)

.

to consider one-

self already victor. victoria?n explorataiii di??iittere

to let a sure victory slip

through one's hands.

sicut parta iatn atque explorata victoria

as

if

the victory

were already won.

victoriam conclamare (B. G.
victory.
5.

37)

to raise a shout of

victoriam or de victoria gratiilari

aliciii

to congratulate a

person on his victory.

victoria miilto

sanguine ac vulneribiis

stetit

(Li v.

23.

30)

the victory cost

much blood and many wounds,

bellis)

was very dearly bought.

triumphare de aliquo {ex

triumphum
quo
or

agere de or ex alito

c.

Gen.

triumph over some one.

{victoriae^

pugnae)

per triumphwn one

^

{in

triumpho^ aliquetn ducere

to lead

some

in triumph.
agere

E.g.

triumphum
postutare,

Boiorum
;

(Liv.)

Pharsaliae pugnae

(Cic); de Ligiirihus (Liv.); ex Aequis (Liv.)

For other phrases

cf.

triumphum

imperare

triumphwn tertium

departure

triuinphum consulis

celebrare.

270

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

senatiis

triumpkum

Africano decernit (Fin.

to

4,

9.

22)

the

senate

decrees

Africanus

the

honours of a

triumph.

1 2.

TRUCE PEACETREATIES ALLIANCE

8.

indutias facere (Phil. indutias violare

7)

to

make

a truce.

to break a truce.

ius gentium violare

to violate the law of nations.

agere

cum

aliquo de pace

to treat with

some one about

about a peace.
with

peace.

pacem

conciliare

(Fam.

10. 27)

pacem facere cum aliquo

one.

to bring

to

make peace

some

pacem

dirimere^ frangere

his condicionibus

on these

to

break the peace.

terms.

pads
pads
pads

condiciones ferre (not proponere)

to

propose terms

of peace.
condiciones dare, dicere alicuiilAw. 29. 12)

to dictate

the terms of peace to

some

one.

condiciones accipere, subire (opp. repudiare, respuere)

pax

to accept the terms of the peace.

convenit in

eam

condicionem, ut
. .
.

peace

is

con-

cluded on condition that

summa pax

deep peace.
2.

captivos perfjiutare, com?fiutare

captivos redi^nere (Off.

18)

captivos sine pretio reddere

exchange ransom restore prisoners

to to

prisoners.

prisoners.

to

without

ransom.
obsides dare

to give hostages.

obsides civitatibus i7nperare

to

compel communities

to

provide hostages.

TREA TIES ALLIANCE CONQ UES T

pactionem facere cum
treaty with
^

271

aliqiio (Sail. lug.

40)

to

conclude a

some

one.
to treaty. ferire

ex pacta ex foedere

according
aliquo\

foedus facere {cum

treaty,

icere,

to

conclude a

an

alliance.

foedus frangere,

rumpere^

violare

to

violate

treaty,

terms of alliance.
sociu7?i

aliquem asciscere (B. G.

one's
ally.

i.

5)

to

make some one

37)

in ainicitia populi

Romani

esse (Liv.

22.

to

be on

friendly terms with the

Roman

people.
i.

a senatu amicus^ appellatus est (B. G.

3)

he

received

from the senate the

title

of friend.

13.

CONQUEST SUBMISSION
conquer a country.

terra potiri

to

terram suae dicionisfacere

popuhmi
populum
cogere

in potestatem
2.

suam

re-

to
digere (B. G.

reduce a country to
subjection to oneself.

in

34) deditionem venire

populum

in deditionem accipere

to accept the submission

of a people.

populum perdomare^
by
itself)

subigere

to subjugate a nation.
{xioX.

populum^ terram suo imperio^ suae potestati subicere

sibi

to

make

oneself master of a people,

country.
^

amicus, the friend of the

;

Roman

people, distinct from socius, an

ally

a socius
title

was always
populi

ainictcs,

but not necessarily vice versa.

the

The

aynictis

Romani was granted by

some
signal service.

senate

to

foreign princes in recognition of

272
se

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

i?nperio

alicuius

subicere

(not'
to

alicui)

make
one.

one's sub-

in deditionem venire (without aliciu) in alicuius potestatein se permittere

mission to some

sub imperio
subiecUwi

et dicione alicuius esse

esse^ obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not

to
>

be subject to some
one, under

simply

alicui)

some one's

in potestate,
esse

in

dicione

alicuius

dominion.

qui imperio

subiecti sunt

subjects.

172, note) reducere (Nep. Dat. reduce a people to their former obedience. aliquem in officio continere to keep some one in subjection.
(cf. p.
2.

aliquem ad officium

3) to

in officio manere,

Asiam

permanere~to remain in subjection. in provinciae formam {in provinciam) redigere (B. G. I- 45) to make Asia into a Roman province.
to

Asia populi Romani facta estKsm\N3cS made subject

Rome. gentem ad internecionem

redigere or adducere (B. G.

2.

28)

to completely annihilate a nation.

XVII.
I.

SHIPPING
IN

NAVAL AFFAIRS
cutter.

GENERAL

a a man-of-war. navis onerariaa transport or navis a merchantman. oppidum a seaport town.

navis actuaria navis longa
mercatoria
mariti7?ium

cargo-boat.

NA VAL AFFAIRS IN GENERAL

navibus plurhmim posse
rebus maritimis
1
,

273
.

...

multum

rto valereX
T

have a powerful navy.

navejfi, classem aedificare^facere^ efficere, instituere

to build

a ship, a
navejH

fleet.

{classeni)

arfjiare^

ornare,

instruere

to

equip a

boat, a fleet.

nave^n deducere (vid. p. 186, note)

navem subducere navem navem

reficere

{in ariduni)

to launch a boat.

to haul

up a

boat.

to repair a boat.

conscendere, ascendere

to

embark.
22.

exercitiwi in naves iviponere (Li v.

19)

to

embark an

army.
milites in terram^ in terra exponere

classiarii^ (B. C. 3. 100)

naufae, reiniges

to

disembark troops.

marines.

sailors, rowers.

vedores (Phil.

7.

9.

27)

naves annotinae

passengers.

ships of last year.

2.

VOYAGESHIPWRECK LANDING
\

solvere (B. G. 4. 28)

navem

(jtaves) solvere

Vto weigh anchor,

sail.

ancora??i {ancoras) tollere\

naves ex portu solvunt

the ships

sail

from the harbour

7nalacia et tranquillitas (B. G. 3. 15)

vela in altum dare (Liv. 25. 27)

a dead calm.
the
The

to put to sea.

ventum {tempestateni) nancti idonemn ex portu exeunt

ships sail out on a fair wind.
^

Alzo

classici milites, classica legio (Liv. 21. 41

22. 19).

marines were recruited from the lowest classes {capite censi) and from the liberti. The rowers were slaves the ordinary sailors were socii
;

navales.

^74

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

|^
''^^

velafacere, pcmdere\
vela dare

^^^

sails.

vela contrahere (also

metaph.) to

furl

the

sails.

Oram

legere (Liv. 21.

51) to hug

the coast.
island,

superare insulam, proniunturium~-io double an cape.

ventis reflantibus (Tusc.
i.

49)-with the wind against one. cursum dirigere aliquoio set one's course for a place. cursum tenere (opp. commutare and deferri)~\Q hold on
one's course.
curstim conficere (Att.
5.

12.

i) to

finish one's voyage.

gubernaculum tractare\ ^ clavum tenere

1

^^^^^*

agere or propel/ere to row. remis contendere \ ^^ ^^^^* navem remts

coticitare,

navem remts

incitarey

sustinere, inhibere

remos (De Or.

i.

33)_to stop rowing;

to easy.

21) to back water. naufragiumfacere~to be shipwrecked.

navis

navem

retro inhibere (Att. 13.

ad

scopu/os al/iditur

{K

C.

3.

7)-the ship

strikes

on the
vento se

rocks.

dare to run
5.

before the wind.

in litus eici (B. G.

deferri, deici

stranded. aliquo\to be driven out of one's course

j

10) to be
drift.

to

tempestate abripi

procet/a (tempestas) aliquem ex alto

ad ignotas

terras {pras)

defert~tht storm drives some one on an unknown

coast.

naufragium
appellere

colligere (Sest. 6.

15) to

collect the wreckage.

navem {ad

terram, litiis)~to land (of people).

13.

appelli {ad

Oram) (Att.

21) to

land (of ships).

LANDING A NAVAL BATTLE

ancoras iacere
aficoras tollere

275

to

drop anchor.
weigh anchor,

to

naves
4.

ad ancoras
29)
(classejn)

deligare (B. G.
to
coiistituere

make
anchors.

fast

boats

to

naves
alto)

{in

ad ancora7Ji consistere ad ancoras deligari

in a?tcoris
esse, stare, consistere

Vto ride at anchor,

exire ex, de navi

egredi {ex) 7iavi

Vto land, disembark.
exire, egredi in terratJi

escensionem facere (of troops)

portu,
terra prohiberi (B.

C.

3.

15)

land.
litora ac portiis custodia clausos tenere

to

be unable to

to

keep the coast

and harbours
deperire

in a state of blockade.

to founder,

go down.

aestu incitato

at high tide.

3.

A NAVAL BATTLE
21.

navis praetoria (Liv.

flagship.

49)

the

admiral's ship;

the

pugna?n navalem facere^

navejn expedire

to fight a battle at sea.

to elear for action.

nave7Ji rostro percutere

navem expugnare
classes

to charge,

ram a

boat.

to

board and capture a boat.

navem, classem depriniere, mergere

concurrunt (Liv. 26. 39)

the

to sink a ship, a fleet.

fleets charge.

For a description of a sea-fight

vid. B. G.

iii.

13-16.

^l^
copulas,

I^A

TIN PHRASE BOOK

{in 7iavem)\ to

manusferreas

throw
irons

grapplingto

^^^^^^^

[
i7i

on board;

board. J navevi capere, intercipere, deprehendere~X.o capture a boat. vela artnajnentaque sails and rigging.

navem {hostium)

transcendere

ex eo 7iavium concursu

much damage was done by navigia

speculatoria

magnum incommodutn

est

accephwi

this collision.

reconnoitring-vessels.

APPENDIX
ut ait Cicero (always in this order)

ut Ciceronis verbis utar

as Cicero says.
;

to use Cicero's expression

to

say with Cicero (not ut

ut ita dicam

cum

Cicerone loquar).

so to speak (used to modify a figurative

expression).
ut non {nihil) dicam de ut plura 7ion dicam
.

ne dicam

not

not

to

mention
on

to say nothing further

.

to say

(used in avoiding a stronger

expression).

ne {quid) gravius dicam

ut breviter dicam

to say the least

it

to put

briefly.

denique
ne multa^ quid plura
?

sed quid

opus

est plura ?

ut paucis (rem) absolvajn

!-in

short

to

be

brief.

ut paucis {brevi, breviter) complectar

ut brevi comprehendam
ut brevi praeci dam

ut eorum^ quae dixi^ sum7na7n facia??i

to

sum up

ne longum

sit

ne longus, multus sim im Vnot to be prolix. \\

ne diutius vos demorer\

278

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ne in re nota et pervulgata vmlttis sim

not

to be diffuse

on such a well-known subject.

ut levissime dicani (opp. ut gravisstmo verbo
ittar)

to use

the mildest expression.

ut planius dicam
ut verius

dicam

to express myself
it

more

plainly.

to put

more

exactly.

ut semel or in perpetuum dicam ut in eodem simili verser

tration.

to say

once

for

all.

to use the

same

simile, illus-

ut hoc utar or afferam

dicam quod

sentio

to use this example.

I will

give you

my

true opinion.
will

tantum or

unum much
.

illud or hoc dico

.

only say this

non
,

nego,

non

i?tfitior

do not deny.
\
,
.

hoc did potest de aliqua re

,.,,.., /toe cadit in aliquid

r
.
,

this
V

can be said of
to
. .
.

.,

hoc transjern potest in atiquid\

7-

.7

apphes

dixi quasi praeteriens or in transitu

it

I said en passant^

by

the way.
sexcenties, millies dixi

have said
dixii7ius^

a thousand times.
est

ut supra

(opp.

infra)

dictum

as I

said

above.

did vix {non) potest or vix potest did {vix

before /<?/^j'/)
incredibile dictu est

like

non always
.

cannot sounds
I
it
^

find

words

for

incredible.
.

supersedeo oratione (not"!

II
\

avoid

. . . .

mentioning

1
.
.

L
omitto dicere

prefer not to touch

upon

haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dica7n

this I

have to

say.

haec (fere) dixit

haec
ill

sententiain

he spoke (very much) as the tenor of

dixit

follows.

his

speech was

this

...

APPENDIX
7nihi

279

quaedam dicenda sunt de hac

to say

re

have a few words

wishing to boast,

on

this.

quod

vere praedicare possu?n

without
which
J

yet

quod non arroganter dixerim

offence, arrogance.

can say without

pace tua dixerim or dieere liceatX Vallow 7. bona ycuni) venia tua dixerun
,

me
,

to say

non
non

est

huius

loci c. Inf.

Vthis
est hic locus,

IS

not the place to

this

ut

sed de hoc alias pluribus

atque or sed haec

more of
so
.

another time.

{<qutde7?ij'

hactenus

much
on
. .

for this subject

atque haec quidem de

ac {sed) de
.
.

enough
.

has

been

said

satis dixi,

dictum

est

haec {quidem) ilk haec Ciceronis

fere

this

this is very

much he said. much what

Cicero
is

said.

atque etiam hoc animadvertendum est

notice.

there
is

this also to

ad

reliqua perga^nus, progrediamur

this

to pass on.

hic {tile) locus obscurus est

passage obscure. us leave that undecided. hoc medio relinquamus sed labor longius but that takes us too do not take that non id ad vivum (Lael.
in
let
far.

reseco

5.

8)

too

strictly.

nonnulla praedicam-^\ wish to say a few words in preface.

ut 07nittam
c.

Accus.
|

cum

discessi, -eris, -eritis

c.

ab Vputting aside, except.

J

praeter

Accus.
c.

ut praetermittam

Ace.

c.

Inf.] to

except
that
. . ,

the

fact

praeterquam quod or

7iisi

quod J

280

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

est
,
.

hoc in promptu
,

,it is clear,
j

evident.
this is as clear as daylight
.
.

hoc in aperto hoc

est

est

hue

{sole ipso) clarius

.

potesiX hoc facile intellegi pot

I

that

IS

hoc per se intellentur hoc sua sponte apparet

^

self-evident, goes without

_
I

saying.
intellegi

ex quo intellegitur or
potest, debet

from
est

this

it

appears,

is

ex quo perspicuum
inde patet, apparet

apparent.

apparet

et exstat

Ht
exstat atque eminet\
si quaeris, si

IS

quite manifest.

verum quaerimus

to put

it

exactly

id quod maxi7nu77i, gravissimui7i\

est

Vthe main point.

est est
I

quod caput

quod Tnaius

what

is

more important.

testis est, testatur,

declarat
this shows,

documento, indicio est (without

proves

demonstr. pron. but cui

docu77ie7ito, i7idicio est)

rei

sed hoc nihil {sane)

ad

re77i

but
is
;

this is

not to the point.

in

aliquid (re) dicis (opp.l there

nihil dicis)
est istuc V

something

what you
or
less

say

you

are

more

quidem aliquid J

right.

audio, fateor

clarius loquere

you earnest do you think so nonne not quorsum haec what do you mean hear am narras (opp. monstra narras speak
ain tu
?
?

admit

it,

say on.
are
in
?

is it

so

{dicis) ?

77iale

dene)

{de)

sorry to

dicis,

it is

incredible.

up, please.

APPENDIX
mihi crede (not crede mihi)

281

believe me.
hit the nail

per me

licet

have no objection.

rem acu
ita

tetigisti

prorsus existiino

you have that

so.

on the head.
I think.

is

exactly what

ita res est

it is

res ita {aliter) se habet

7iec

mirum^ minitne
wonder.

77iiru7n {id quide7?i),

the matter stands so (otherwise). quid no

inirian ?

neque id minmi
in that.

est

or videri debet

there

is

nothing strange

et recte {iure^ jneritd)\

et recte (iure)
recte,

quidem Vquite quidem

J
1

rightly.

iure id

neque i^nmerito
.

7ieque id
77ieo ituo.

...... Vand immerito {i7iiuria)\

.

(ijtiuria)

rightly too.

suo) iure]
\

Vwith periect right.

zusto iure
iustissime. rectissime
.

Optimo iure
P- 237).

(cf.

summo
or

\^ legitimately

with the fullest

^^

iure V

77iacte virtute (esto

te esse

J iubeo)

sed

mammi

de tabula I

but enough

good luck
!

to you.

INDEX
[The numbers refer
to the pages.

/.

"

and folloioing pages

"'\

Abalienare, 59
abdere, 92, 142 abdicare, 232 abdicere, 189 abducere, 76, 80, 182 aberrare, 130 abesse, 11, 21 abhinc, 21 abhorrere, 80, 161 abicere arma, 267 ad pedes, 28
cogitationes,

accessus et recessus, 5 accipere in bonam partem, 138 accipere omen, 184

hospitio, 192 acclamare, 119 (note)
acclivis,

3 accuratus, 121 (note) accusatio, 241 acerbitas, 133 (note)

^]

consilium, 84

dolorem, 147

memoriam, 88 spem, 154 timorem, 150

abire, 16

abolere, 90

abominari, 182 abrogare, 159

abrumpere, 195 absolutus, 77, 114 absolvere, 77, 202 abstergere, 149 abstinere, 168 absumere, 5, 37 abundantia, 55
abuti,

accelerare,

73 (note) 254

accendere animum, 151 accepimus (we know), 11 accepti at expensi ratio, 204

261 oculorum, 27 acquiescere, 92 acroama, 117 (note) actio, 103, 117 actor, 119 actum agere, 71 actum est de, 40, 153 actus (act of a play), 117 acu rem tangere, 281 adamasse, 92, 156 addere gradum, 15 addicere alicui, 184 adesse alicui, 54 animo, 75, 152 sacris, 178 adiacere mari, 9 aditus, 196 admirabilia, 158 admiratio, 158 adulterini nunmii, 202 adumbrare, 77 (note), 125 adventicius, 29 adventus, 14
acies,

284

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ambages, 122

adversae res, 50 adversa fortuna, 50 adverse flumine, 5 advesperascit, 22 advocatus, 241 (note)

ambigua

verba, 136 ambitio, ambitus, 230

208 208 aegre ferre, 146, 162 aegritudo, 148 aegrotare, 36 aequare solo, 259 aequi iniqui, 63
aedificare, i,

aedificator, 2,

ambitus verborum, 135 ambulare, 197 amicitia, 62 amicus pop. rom., 271 amor, 162 amplecti, 26 (note)

aer, 6,

31

aes alienum, 207

amputare errorem, 81 anatocismus, 206 ancora, 275 angor, 150 angustiae, 42

anima, 31, 39 animadversio censoria, 234 animadvertere, 27 (note)
animalia, 2 animantia, 2 animata, 2

signatum, 202
aestas, 22

aestimare, 175 aestiva castra, 255

aestus, 5, 36 aetas, 32

aetas heroica, 112 (note)

militaris,
puerilis,

246 97
1 1

recentior,
affectio,

145 afficere, 61 (note) affirmare, 83 afflictae res, 42, 50 agar, 189, 208 agere alias res, 75

animus, 59 (note) annales, 112 annona, 209 annotare, 142 annus, 21, 33
ansa, 49 antiquare, 217 antiquitas generis, 214 antiquitatem redolere, 124
antiquitates, 19 (note)

animam, 39
causam, 222, 240 cum populo, 216 fabulam, 118 iure, lege, 238 partes, 119 vigilias, 256 vineas, 258
agitare
vita,

antiquitatis

memoria, 112

antiquius, 157 aperire se, 179 (note) viam, II

apparare, 192 apparatus belli, 251 se applicare, 97, loi appropinquare, 17

equum, 15
53

agitur caput, 242

apud, coram, 122 (note) aqua, 4 aquae ductio, 4 (note)

agmen, 254
agrestis vita,

aquatum
96

ire,

257

agricultura, 2.0Z f. ain tu ? 280

alienare, 59

arae focique, 186 arbitrium, 47

arbores,
ardere, 5
2,

209

arcessitum dictum, 132

ardere amore, 157

Alpes, 3
altercari,

136 23

alternis diebus,

cupiditate, 166

INDEX
ardere odio, 162
studio,

285
vita,

beata

158
(subject)

argentum, 202 argumentum, (proof) 106,

117 aries, 258

arithmetica, 113 (note)

50 50 (note) belligerare, 248 bellum, 246/; bellum pro religionibus susceptum,

beatitas,

179 bene audire, 68

latine,
tibi,

arma, 311 armare navem, 271 armatura levis, 247 ars, 114 ars ludicra, 117 dicendi, 120
artes ingenuae, 91
artus,

94 (note) 190 vertere, 62

vivere, 191 beneficium, 59 benevolus, 57

bibere, 190

24
132

bibliotheca, 142

aspergere infamiam, 69, 70

sales,

asperitas caeli, 6

biduo serius, 23 bilem evomere, 163 bis die, 23

in bivio, 12

ex asse, 200

37 assiduus, 194 assuescere, 200

astra, 7

assidere,

blanditia,

74
222

boni

(cives),

bonitas, 165 cui bono ? 56

astrologus, 113 (note) atrium, 186 (note)

attendere, 75

bracchium, 26 (note)

Cachinnus, 35
85
cadaver, 41 (note)

auctorem

esse,

auctores consilii publici, 213

auctoritas, 64,

100

aucupari, 58

113 caelum, 6 caerimoniae, 177

caelestia, 6,

aucupium verborum, 140

audire bene, 68 audientes, 143 (note)
audientia, 123, 195 auditione accepisse, 66

calamitas, 51
calcaria, 15,
calculi,

97

204
75

calida lavari, 4
caligo,
calor, 8

augurari, 79

callum, 147 (note)

augurium, 184 aura, 219 auris, 24 auspicari, 184 auspicium, 184

australis, 9 (note)

calumnia, 241 candidatus, 230/".

canis,

210

canticum, 119 cantus, 116

capacitas, 75 (note) capessere, 211
capilli,

autumnale tempus, 21 auxilia, 247 (note) auxilium, 54 aversus, 173

axis, 7

25

capita conferre, 196 capitalis, 162, 242

captare, 35
captio, 107

Barba, 25

286

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

clades,

captivus, 270/. ut captus est, 75 (note) caput, 24 (note)

career,

267/.

clamare, 129 clamor, 129

classiarii,

245
caeli,

273

cardo

classicum, 257
classis,

carere,

225 209 carmen, 116 carus, 156 castigator, 176 castra, 255
caritas,

272

claudere agmen, 253

aures, 24

186 oppidum, 258

fores,

casus, 20, 51

claudicare, 129 clavum tenere, 211,

274

catena, 245 cater va, 119 caupo, 201 (note)

coagmentare, 105 codex, 204

coercere

animum, 167
250

causa (cause), 44 (interest), 212

milites,

240 43 cavere, 199, 238 cedere de iure, 237

(process),
(situation),

coetus, 194 cogitatio, 'j'j, 78 cognitiones, 180

cohors, 256
colere

agrum, 208

fortunae, 52

tempori, 18
celare,

aliquem, 70 amicitiam, 62

79
120

deum, 177
fidem, 159
litteras,

celebritas,

cena, 192 censor, 234

92

virtutem, 164
colligere

centesimae usurae, 205 cernere hereditatem, 119 certiorem facere, 67 certo, certe, 83 (note) cervices, 25 ceteris rebus, 46 chorus, 119 cibarius, 190 cibus, 190 cicatrices, 268
cingulus, 7
circuitus,

animum, 150

coniectura, 79 ex aliqua re, 106

gloriam, 68 gratiam, 58 invidiam, 161

laudem, 65 se, 37 stipem, 55 vasa, 257 vires, 30

coUis, 3, 9

135

circumferre oculos, 27 circumfluere, 55 circumfundere, 6, 17 circumsedere, 258 circumvenire, 264

citare,

239

citato equo, 15
citeriora,
civilis,

178 212 (note) civitas, 214/.

coUocare fiduciam, 159 filiam, 198 insidias, 169 multitudinem, 189 pecuniam, 203 praesidium, 255 sedem, 189 studium, 70 colloquium, 196/. colonia, 229

INDEX
comicus, 115 (note)
comitia, 217

287

commeare, 14 commeatus, 249 commcmorare, 99 commendare, 68, 89 commenta, 76, 79 comnientari, 121, 134
comnientarii, 142

conclamare victoriam, 269 concludere, 107 conclusiuncula, 107 concoquere, 189 concubia nocte, 22
concupiscere, 69, concurrere, 14, 260, 275 concursus, 263

condemno, 217
condere fructus, 209 in sepulcro, 40
leges,

commenticius, 78

commercium

linguae, 133

comminus, 264/
(non) committere ut, 243 commode dictum, 132

219

lustrum, 234

commodum, 56
communicare, 84 (note) commutare, 242 (note) commutationes, 21 comoedia, 115 comparare frunientum, 248 gloriam, 67 compensare, 57 competitor, 231 complecti animo, 76
complere, 146 (note) complexus, 26 (note)

poema, 115 urbem, 184, 208 condicio (match), 198 conducere, 228, 247 conducticius, 248 conductum esse mercede, 61 conferre capita, 196 operam, 70 pecuniam, 55 signa, 253 (note), 263 studium, 92 confidere, 159
conflagrare, 5 conflare bellum, 252

compos, 75, 152 composita verba, 139 compositio verborum, 135 coniprobare, 106 comptus, 25 conatus, 86 concedere, 108 conciliare, 57, 64 concilium, 216 concinere, 109 concipere animo, 76, 78 ignem, 5 seel us, 166 vota, 182 con ci tare equum, 15
misericordiam, 155

infamiam, 69, 70 odium, 162

conflictari, 36,

periculum, 53 51 (note)

confluere, 14 confutare, 106

conglutinare, 105 congressus, 194, 196

coniector, 38 coniectura, 79

coniuratio, 223 conivere, 27 (note)

connexum
,

esse,

105

navem, 274 odium, 162

risum, 35 seditionem, 223

conquer! 66 conquiescere, 92 conscendere equum, 14

conscientia, 174 consciscere, 39

conclamare ad arma, 228 ad liber tatem, 228 ignem, 6

consensus mundi, omnium, 109 consentire, 109 consequentia, 107

288
considerare, 85 consignare, 140

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

convertere ex graeca, 134
in

rem suam, 56
254

164 consilium capere, 84 consilium est ut, 87 consilium publicum, 235

consilia et facta,

iter,

oculos, 27

odium in se, 161 se ad aliquem, 59

est,

(note)

consilium,

quo

liber

scriptus

87 (note)
consistere mente, 153 consolari, 54

253 convivium, 192

copia orationis, 125

signa,

conspirare, 223 constantia (consistency), 104 constare ex, 47

mente, 152 sibi, no, 176 constat, 83 consternari, 15 constructio verborum, 135 consuetude (habit), 200

194 20 sermonis, 133 consul, 233 consulatus, 234 consulere famae, 68 in aliquem, 244 oraculum, 183 rei publicae, 212
saeculi,
saluti,

(relation),

pugnandi, 260 verborum, 136 copiae, 247 cor, 157 (note) coram, 122 (note), 196 cordi esse, 157 corrigere, 68 (note), 81, 96 corroborata aetas, 32 corrumpere tabulas, 242 (note) corrumpi, 74 cotidianus sermo, 128, 133, 196
eras,

23

crassa Minerva, 97
creare, i (note)

creber sententiis, 125 credere, 203

creditor,

206

cremare, 5, 41 crimen, 242

crinis,

54

25

36 contaminare, 165 contemplatio, 103 contentus, 148

contestari, 181

valetudini,

cruciari, 34, 147, crudelitas, 156

155

crux,

245 cubitum ire, 37

contextus, 125 continens, 2, 10 contingere, 62 continuare magistratum, 231 continuatio, 105, 135 continuus, 23 contio, 122, 216 (note) contionari, 261

cujas, 31 culmen, 3

culpa, 243
cultus, 96,

177 cumulus, 50, 146 cunabula, 43 (note) cuneus, 265

cuniculus,

259

cupere, 58
cura,

contra dicere,

no

150

contrariae partes, 16 controversia, 108

curae esse, 157 habere, 157

curationes, 37
currere,

contumacia, 151 contumelia, 168

convalescere, 37 convenientia et consensus,
i

120

curriculum, 31 (note) curru vehi, 14

INDEX
cursus (navis), 274
7 (vitae), 31 custodia, 245
(stellae),

289
testes,

dare

239 274 veniam, 243

vela,

verba, 171 debere, 203, 206

debitor,

Damnare, 243
damnum, 57
dare ansas ad, 49 consilium, 85 copiam, 48
crimini, 66 dotem, 198

206
172

decedere, de iure, 237

de de de de de

officio,

potestate,

232

provincia, 14 (note) scena, 118

sententia, 78

epistulam, 144

loco, 14
vita,

fabulam, 118
facultatem, 48
fenori,

14 (note), 39

decessus, 5

203

declamatio, 129 (note)

declarare, 233 declinare de via, 12
declivis,

fidem, 159
frenos, 15
in praeceps, 52 iusiurandum, 179 laudi, 65 locum, 48 ludos, 41 mandatum, 62 manus, 26 negotium, 62

decrescere, 6

decretum, 10 decurrere, 16 se dedere desidiae, 73 libidinibus, 167 litteris, 92

victori,
vitiis,

259

nomen, 246 nuptum, 198

occasionem, 48 operam, 70 optionem, 82 oraculum, 183 palmam, 61

165

deditio,

poenam, 244 responsum, 131, 183 salutem, 197 se ignaviae, 73 se in conspectum, 28 se in fugam, 266
se in viam, 12

259 deducere a fera vita, 96 coloniam, 186 (note) de capite, 24, 186 (note) de domo, 186 de fide, 159 de sententia, 78, 186 (note) naves, 186 (note) deesse occasion!, 48 officio, 48 (note), 172
defectio solis, 6

defendere, 168, 215 deferre honores, 232

somno, 37 senatum, 235 signum, 260

se

imperium, 226 negotium, 62

palmam, 61
principatum, 216

spatium, 18 stipendium, 248 suspicionem, 160 tempus, 18

terga,

regnum, 227
defervescere, 32, 163 defigere, 251 (note)
definitio,

266

104

tesseram, 256

defunctus, 216

290

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

derogare, 206, 218 descendere, 15, 54 (note), 177, 260
desciscere, 80, 165 describere, 113

defungi calamitatibus, 51

53 sua morte, 39 (note) degenerare, 165

degere, 31. 55 deicere de gradu, 152, 216 de possessione, 187

periculis,

descriptio civitatis, 210

juris,

238 temporum, 22
terrae,
vitae,

iugum, 228
oculos,
se,

112

27

16

31 deserere agros, 208

spe,
delabi,

154 100 146

delectari, 74,

honestatem, 165 ofificium, 172 proelium, 262

deserta loca, 3 desiderium, 157
desidia,

delenire,

74

delere, 70, 89, deleri incendio, 5 deliberare, 18, 85

73

desipere, 146

delicatus,
deliciae,

190 157

desperare, 153 (note) desperatio, 153

deligare, 245,

275

despicere, 6 (note), 42

demere, 81, 160 deminutio capitis, 25 (note) demoliri, 185 demorari, 277 denegare, 62
denique, 277 denuntiare, 170 depellere de gradu, 152, 216

despondere, 198
destringere, 251

desudare, 71, 98
deterreri, 78,

84

detrahere, 68 detrectare, 246, 260

de sententia, 78 dolorem, 147

famem, 34
depellere vim
vi,

detrimentum, 57 deturbare animum, 152 deus, 177/. deverti, 193 devincire, 59, 166
dextra, 197
dialectica,

169

depingere, 76, 126 deponere consilium, 84 dolorem, 147 errorem, 81

inimicitias,

102

dicendi ars, 120

dicere causam,

63

librum, 142 (noti.)

contra aliquem, dictatorem, 233 diem, 237

falsa,

no

luctum, 149 magistratum, 232 memoriam, 88

171

spem, 154 vestem, i8g (note) depravari, 165 deprecari, 245

deprehendere, 144, 239 deprimere, 275 deridere, 171
derivare, 4, 137 (note)

24 sacramentum, 246 sententiam, 79 dicio, 271 dictator, 233

dictum, 132 dies, 22 differre diem, 87 ignem, 6 in tempus, 18

in aurera,

INDEX
difficultas, 42,
dififiuere, 4,

291

133 (note)

74

disputare, 107 disputatio, 107

dissentire, 109,

diffundere, 2, 17 diffusus, 81, 105 digcrere, 180, 140

221

disserere, 102, 108

dissidere, 109, 162

25 dignitas, 64 digressio, 128

diiudicare, 80, 108
dilatare,

digitus,

dissimulare, 170 (note) dissimulatio, 170

dissipare, 192

dissolvere acta,

219

261

dilectus (subst.),

246

aes alienum, 207 amicitiam, 63

diligens, 80, 113, 133

argentariam, 204
crimina, 242

diluculum, 22 dimicare, 262 /". dimittere concilium, 217

e manibus, 26, 49, 267 exercitum, 247

nomina, 207 pontem, 208 dissuere, 63

distare,
i

267 impunitum, 245 occasionem, 48 senatum, 236

hostes,
in directum,

distentum

esse,

72
147

distineri et divelli,

diurnus, 13 diuturnitas, 23, 149

16

175 dirimere, 108, 236 diripere, 259 discedere a latere, 25 a lege, 218 a sententia, 78 a signis, 254 a virtute, 165 ab armis, 250 ab officio, 172
e loco, 13

dirigere, 12,

diverbium, 119 diversus, 16

125 (note) 104 divinitus, 178

dives,

dividere, 10,
divitiae,

55 sub divo, 6
divortium, 199
divulgari,
docti,

67

94

doctrina, 94, 102

documentum, 280
ex dodrante, 200 dolere, 146 dolor, 146 dolus, 171 domesticas, 112 domicilium, 188 dominatio, 221, 226 (note) dominatus unius, 221 domus, 186

ex animo, 89
in diversas partes, 16

duas partes, 221 236 victum, 267 vita, 39 discessio, 236 discordia, 223 discrepare, 109
in in sententiam,

disertus, 121

donum, 239
dormire, 37 dos, 198 sine dubio, 82 dubitatio, 82 ducere aliquo, 12

disiungere, 11 displicere sibi, 132 disponere eleganter, 103 equites, 261

praesidia, 255
dispositio,

130

animam, 31

292

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

effundere lacrimas, 35

ducere argumentuni, io6

bellum, 252 familiam, 120 (note) fossam, 256 funus, 40

sanguinem, 40
effusa fuga, 146 (note),

266

146 effusae habenae, 15

effusi

laetitia,

65 43 laudi, 65 nomen, 137

initium,

infra se,

imbres, 7

sumptus, 146, 191 egestas, 55 egressio, 128

eicere e civitate,

originem, 31 spiritum, 31 tempus, 18

225

e senatu,

234

uxorem, 198
ductus aquae, 4
dupliciter dici, 138

119 225 in litus, 274 sententiam, 102

in exilium,

histrioneni,

Edax, 189
edere animam, 39
exernpluni, 100

elaborare, 71
elatio orationis,

124

elegantia, 102, 124

elementa,
elidere,

fabulam, 118 librum, 140 in lucem, 30

i, 97 72 (note)

eligere, 99,

munus

gladiatorium, 120

elogium, 41 eloquens, 121

eluere,
eluvio,

oraculum, 183
risum, 35 spiritum, 39
testes,

70
4 (note)

239
66

in vulgus,

edicere, 235, 239 ediscere, 88 (note)

edita loca, 3

educari, 96 educere exercitum,

scribere, 135 emere, 201 emergere, 4 emetiri, 12 emigrare, 189 eminus, 251 emissio telorum, 262 (note)

emendate

260

eniti,

72

gladium, 251
efferre fruges, 2

enodare, 137
enuntiatio, 135
epicus, 113 (note) epistula, 144

laudibus, 65
signa,
se insolentius, 151 253 (note)

epulae, 192
equestri loco natus, 214

efferri fortuna,

50

funere,

40

equus, 14
erigere

gaudio, 146
iracundia, 163 efficere legiones, 247
efiflorescere,

ad spem, 154 animum, 151

45

aures, 24 turrim, 208

effluere,

89

effrenatus, 167 effugere, 26 (note)

eripere dolorem, 148 e periculo, 53

errorem, 81
libertatem,

effundere dolorem, 147 iram, 163

227

potestatem, 48

INDEX
enpere spem, 154 erogare, 202, 218
errantes stellae, 7
error, 81

293

excitare motus, 145

odium, 162 turrim, 208

excolere, 95 excruciari, 174

errores Ulixis, 12
eructare, 8
erudire,

excubare, 256
excultus, 95 excurrere, 10, 13 excursio, 256, 258

96 eruditus, 93 erumpere, 35 (note)

eruptio, 8,

escendere, 122 esse (live), 32

esurire,

excusare, 37 excutere iugum, 228

34 eventus, 44

risum, 35 exedere, 51 (note)

exemplum, 99, 143

exercere artem, 114 crudclitatem, 156

cvertere bonis, 188

oppidum, 259 rationem, 104

rem publicam, 224

evincere, 106

imperium, 187 inimicitias, 63

iudicium, 51 (note) metalla, 51 (note)

evocare copias, 247

evocati,

247 (note)

navem, 51 (note)
vectigalia, 51 exercitatus in armis,
in dicendo,

evomere, 8, 163 exacta aetas, 33 exactio, 242 (note) exaggerata oratio, 124
exalbescere, 149 exanclare, 50 exaniniari, 31, 140

248

121

in re publica,

213

exercitus,

247 /I exhaurire, 40 exheredari, 199

exigere fabulam, 118

excedere dicimum annum, 33 ex pueris, 32 finibus, 10

modum, 174
vita,

39

excepti et expensi tabula, 204 excerpere, 142

excidere oppidum, 259 excipere hospitio, 193

impetum, 262
vulnus, 268
excitare a mortuis, 177

ad spem, 154 ad virtutem, 165, 261

admirationem, 158

animum, 151
bellum, 252 clamores, 118
e somno, 38

ignem, 5
libidinem, 167

nomina, 207 pecuniam, 203 existimatio, 68, 69 (note), 220 existimator, 114 exitium, 52 exitus, 39, 44 expedire arma, 250 navem, 275 negotium, 72 salutem, 54 expedita oratio, 124 expeditus ad, 121, 123 expellere ex urbe, 225 regno, 227 expendere poenas, 244 experientia, 90 (note) experiri, 90 expetere poenas, 163 expiare manes, 182 scelus, 166

294
expiari,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

244 (note)

explore

animum, 163

exsulare, 225 exsultare, 146

cupiditates, 167

exsurgere, 124

famem, 34
odium, 162
expleta forma, 78 explicare aciem, 261 frontem, 25
scholas, 102
sententias, 125

extendere fines, 10 extenuare, 128 exterminare, 225 extollere in maius, 128

laudibus, 65 extorquere, 26, 81 extrahere bellum, 252 errorem, 81
religionera,

volumen, 140
explodere, 119 explorare, 254 explorata victoria, 269 exploratum habere, 83 explosae sententiae, 102
expolitus, 95

179

exturbare, 188 exuere armis, 257

humanitatem, 156 servitutem, 228 vestem, 189

exponere merces, 202

praemium, 61
vitam, 126 exportare, 202

Fabricator mundi,
fabula, 112, 118

fabulam

fieri,

67

exposcere signum, 260 expostulare, 66 exprimere, 77 (note) exprimere ad verum, 115

litteras,

fabularis historia, 112

fabulator, 115

facere aes alienum,

207

verbis,

140 125

verbum e verbo, 134 exprobrare, 66

expugnare, 259 exsanguis oratio, 124
exsequiae, 40 exsequi consilium, 86
funus,

amicitiam, 62 argentariam, 204 audientiam, 123, 196 bellum, 252 y. certiorem, 67 coniecturam, 79 contra rem publicam, 223

copiam, 48

cum

aliquo, 221

40

cuneum, 265
detrimentum, 57
discessionem, 236 divitem, 55

negotium, 72, 201 officium, 171 exsibilare, 118

exsilium, 225
exsolvere,

207

exspectatio, 98, 155

exstinguere bellum, 50 (note)

eruptionem, 258 excursionem, 258 expectationem, 155 facinus, 166

fidem, 160 foedus, 271

motus, 145 odium, 162 exstirpare humanitatem, 156 perturbationes, 167 vitia, 166 exstruere aedificium, 208 mensas, 192 vallum, 256

fugam, 266
funus,

40

gratum, 58 heredem, 199

hospitium, 193 iacturam, 57 (note)

INDEX
facerc ignem, 5 indutias, 270
initiuni,

295

facere vim, 169 vota, 182

facessere, 73 facete dicere, 132
facilitas,

insidias,

43 169

irruptionem, 259 iter, 12

iussa,
iusta,

facinus,

193 166

62 40

facta et consilia, 164

factio,

220
sui iuris,

lectisternium, 183

factum
fallacia,

32

219 ludos, 119 mentionem, 67 mercaturam, 201 messem, 209 modos, 117
leges,

faex populi, 215

171

fallere, 81,

160 spem, 154

falsae tabulae,

242

moram, 87
naufragium, 274

fama, 66 fames, 34
familia (histrionum), 118, 120 (schola), 102
familiaris
res,

navem, 273
officium, 171

homo, 63

opera, 258 opus, 71

187 sermo, 133

familiaritas, 63,
fas,

orbem, 265 pactionem, 271

periculum, 53 periurium, 180

194

238

fasces praeferre,
fasti

234

22

poema, 115
potestatem pugnandi, 48 (note),

favere, 58,

favor, 58,
febris,
felicitas,

219 219

260
potestatem sui, 48, 196 proelium, 261 quaestum, 202 sacra, 182 scelus, 166

sementem, 209 spem, 153 sponsionem, 160 stipendia, 248 stragem, 268 suae dicionis, 271 summam, 205

36 50 fenerari, 203 fenori dare, 203 fenus, 206 fera, 264 ferire foedus, 271 frontem, 25 hostias, 182 securi, 245 ferre arma, 246
auxilium, 54 centuriam, 231 condiciones, 270 et agere, 257

sumptum, 191
testamentum, 199 turrim, 208 vallum, 256 verba, 122, 136 verbum nullum, 138 versuram, 203 versus, 115 viam, II

expensum, 204
fruges, 2
in

maius, 128 28 legem, 211

in oculis,

opem, 54 personam, 119

296
fcrre

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

poenam, 244
flosculi,

136

prae se, 94, 170 repulsam, 231 salutem, 54

signa,

fluctuari, 4 fiuctus, 4

fluens oratio,

124 186

253

suffragium, 217 victoriam, 269

flumen, 4 pro aris et

fons,

focis,
f.

foedus, 270
forensis lux,

impetu caeco, 176 116 libidine, 167 ferro ignique, 257

ferri

instinctu,

fessus, 12
fides,

159, 206

fides rerum,
fiducia,

fidibus discere,

112 116

159

25 (note), 45 98 (note) fores, 186 foris, 186 forma, 78, 113 forma rei publicae, 210 for mare verba, 137 formidines, 181 fortis, 264
fortuna, 51

figere oculos,
filia,

27

198 fines, 10 fingere animo, jj verba, 137 vultum, 29 fingendi ars, 117
finis,

fortunae, 55, 188 forum fugere, 212

fossa,

256

fragor, 8

frangere

animum, 151
25

cervices,

40, 43

fidem, 160

finitimum esse, 10
firmare,

pacem, 270
fraus,
freni,

256

57 (note)

firmata aetas, 32
ut
fit,

201

flagitium, 166 (note)

15 frequentare domum, 185 scholam, 97

frigere, 85,

flagrare bello, 252 cupiditate, 166

desiderio, 157

triumphum, 269 92 (note)

frigus, 8

incendio, 5
invidia,

frondescere, 2
frons,

161

25

flamma, 5
flare,

fructus, 56, fruges, 2

209

flectere

animum, 145 equum, 15 iter, 254

35 32

fietus,

florere aetate,

antiquitate, auctoritate,

214
64

arte dicendi, 121

187 (note) frumentum, 209, 249 sine fuco, 171 fuga, 266 fugare, 266 fugere, 267 me fugit, 82
frugi esse,

fulmen, 8

58 laude, 67 opibus, 55
flores dicendi,
flos,

gratia,

fundamentum, 208
fundere et fugare, 266 fundere fruges, 2

125

versus,

115

32,

209

fundi (property), 188

INDEX
funebris oratio, 41 fungi munere, 232

297

hactenus, 279
haerere, 129

suo

officio,

171

equo, 15

supremo funus, 40
furiae,

officio,

40

furor,

174 164 20

in futurum,

Galea, 250 gaudium, 146

gemma,
2

generare, 2, 31 genere Gallus, 31

genus dicendi, 123 vitae, 98 (genus), 104 geographia, 113 geometria, 113 gestare in manibus, 26 sinu, 157 gestire, 146 gestum agere, 129
gignere, 2

animo, 89, 100 complexu, 26 (note) in tergis, 267 haesitare, 129 hasta, 251 haurire calamitatem, 50 e fontibus, 45 luctum, 149 voluptates, 74 haustus, 34 hebescere, 73 hebetes sensus, 29
in
in

herbae, 2
in herbis esse,

209

hereditas, 199 heroicus, herous, 112 (note)

hesternus dies, 23 hiberna, 255 hiems, 22 historia, iii historicus, iii (note)
histrio,

gladiatorium munus, 120

gladius,
gloria,

119
aetatis,

251
67

hodie, 23

glarea, 11

homines huius
honestas, 165 honor, 215

34

gradus, 15 graece loqui, 134 grammaticus, 135 grammatista, 135 (note)

granditas, 124 grates, 60, 181
gratia, 59, 219 gratiosus, 59, 219

hora, 23 horrere, 25
hortus, 4

hospitium, 192
hostia, 182

hue

et illuc,

16

humanae

gratulari,

197

gratus, 60

grave caelum, 6
grex, 118,

42 humanitas, 96, 156 humi, 17 humiles res, 77

res,

210

gnbernacula rei publicae, 211 gubernaculum, 274

gurges, 4 gustare, 93

ICERE
ici

foedus, 271 fulmine, 8

idiota,

114 (note)

idoneus locus, 256

gymnici

ludi,

120

ventus, 273
ignarus, 83 ignavia, 73
ignis, 5

Habenae,

15

habitare, 188

habitus animi, 145

ignominia, 70

298
illata vis,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

ii6
incidere in mentionem, 67
in
in
in

illecebrae,

74
171

morbum, 36
sermonem, 195
vituperationem, 66

illudere, 64,
illustris,

214
75

imago, 7
imbecillitas,

incidere in aes, 218

linum, 144
nervos, 72
incipere,
incitare,

imber, 7 imbuere, 103 (note)

imitari,

100 imitatio, 115 imminere, 170 (note) imminuere auctoritatem, 64 famam, 68 fidem, 159 gratiam, 220 immodestia, 250 immolare, 182 immortalitas, 68, 106 immunitas, 239 immutatio, 139
impeditus, 13

43 166
158

incitatio mentis,

inclinare,

235 includere, 128 incognitus, 239 incolere, 188 (note)

incommodum, 57
inconditus, 116, 123 inconstantia, 109

incorruptus, 29 increbrescere, 66, 263 (note) inculta loca, 3

impendere, 25 (note), 170 (note) imperare, 246 imperator, 231 imperitus, 91 imperium, 250
impertire civitatem, 214

incumbere, 70, 212 incunabula, 43

incursio,

262 (note)

incutere, 149, 179

indagare, 137 index, 141 indicare (se), 79 (note)

indicio est,

laudem, 65 salutem, 197

impetrare, 62, 86 impetus, 262 impietas, 180 implacabilis, 162

280

indicta causa, 241 indignatio, 164

indignitas, 162
indoles, 98,

imponere

in

navem, 273

importari, 202

176 inducere animum, 86 in mores, 200 in scenam, 118

in

impotens dominatio, 227 impotens sui, 167 imprudens, 255 impunitus, 245 impurus, 124 (note) inanima, 2
incendere, 5

spem, 154 verbum, 137

induere galeam, 250

incendium, 5 inceptum, 86 incertus, 86

incidere in aes alienum, 207
in aetatem, in

personam, 119 vestem, 189 industria, 70, 87 indutiae. 270/. inedia, 34 ineleganter, 103 ineptiae, 76 ineptus, 133
inerrantes stellae, 7 inexorabilis, 59 (note)
inexpiabilis,

34

in aliquem, 14

manus, 26

179

INDEX
infamia, 69
infaustus,
inferi,

299
168

iniuria, 52,

184

177

innatus, 77, 180 inopia, 55, 136

inferre bellum,

253

calamitatcni, 51

inops, 85 inquinata oratio, 124

vita,

damnum, 57
gradum, 262 ignem, 258 infamiam, 69
iniuriam, 168
signa,

inquisitio,

166 80

inscribere librum, 141

sepulcro, 41 statuas, 117

inscriptio,

253 (note)

141

vim, 169 inferum mare, 5 (note)

insculptus, 180

insequente anno, 21
insequi hostes, 267
inserere,
insidiae,

99 infirmare, 159 infirmitas, 75 infitiari, 278 infixus, 100, 147 inflare, 117 inflammare animos, 123 cupiditate, 69 odium, 162 urbem, 5 inflammatio, 158 inflatus, 116, 151 informare, 77, 96 ingenium, 75 ingerere, 258
ingratus, 59 ingravescere, 32, inhaerere, 161
2>7

infinitus,

128 169
se,

insinuare
insistere,

194

16

insitus, 77,

180

insolentia, 151

inspicere libros, 184

instaurare, 120
instinctus,
institor,

116 201 (note)

instituere religiones,

179

sermonem, 195
institui,

96

instituta ac leges,
institutio,

210

97

(note),

209

ex instituto, 201 institutum, 176

instructa

inhibere navem, 274

domus, 185

inhumatus, 41

instruere aciem, 261

manus, 26 mentionem, 67 pontem, 208 spem, 153 timorem, 149 inimicitia, 63

inicere
iniquitas, 42, 51
inire consilium,

convivium, 192 insidias, 169

navem, 273 274 insusurrare, 24 integer, 47 (note)

insula,

integritas orationis,

124

84 gratiam, 58, 220 magistratum, 232 rationem, 204 societatem, 193

viam, 12

sermonis, 134
intellegens,
intellegere,

114

75 68 intemperans, 167 intempesta nox, 22

intentus,

intellegentia,

initiari,

178

73
22

initium, 43 iniungere, 227

intercalaris,

intercessio,

234

300
intercipere, 144,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

irridere,
irrigare,

intercludere,
interdicere,

171

249 225

interesse consiliis, 85 proelio, 262

4 irrogare, 218 (note), 245 irrumpere, 259

iter,

rebus divinis, 177 scholis, 102

II, 12

iterum, 20
itinere (in),

39 interimere, 39 (note)
interiora Asiae, 2
interire,

interficere,

13 (note)

itineribus magnis,

254

Iacent
iacere

litterae,

34
52
iter,

92

interitus,

intermittere
proeliuni,

12

ad pedes, 28 graviter, 36
in luctu,

laborem, 71

in malis,

262

148 51

tempus, 18, 20

268 internum mare, 5 interpellare, 129 interpolare, 142 interponere causam, 44 fidem, 160 moram, 87 se hello, 252 interpretari, 38, 135
internecio,

interpretatio

nominum, 137

90 275 fundamenta, 208 minas, 170 tela, 251 voces, 136 iacet pecunia, 203 philosophia, loi iactare, 170 iactari casibus, 51 febri, 36
fluctibus, 4
iactatio,

in oblivione, iacgre ancoras,

interregnum, 224 interrogare, 131

interserere,
intestinus,

(nummus), 203 223

44 252

intervallum, 11, 20

intimus, 63
intrare, 14 introire, 14
intueri,

iactura, 57 (note) ianua, 186 ieiuna oratio, 124

ieiunium, 190
iocare, 132 iocus, 132

28

iubere,

inundare, 4
inurere, 70, 147
inutilis,

216

iucunditas, 132 iudex, 238

iudicare,
[

57 inventum, 10
investigari,

243

80

iudicium, 237
iugis aqua, 4

^
62/

investigatio, 80, 113 inveterascere, 200

iungere amicitiam, 51 (note),

inveteratus, 79, 162 invidia, 191, 220

invitare,
invitus,
ira,

247 dextram, 197 fluvium, 208

iurare,
iure,

copias,

192 97

179 281

163
13

iuris consulti,
ius,

iracundia, 163
ire,

238

237/
gentium, 270

ius

INDEX
ius vitae,

301

233

iusiuranduni, 179
iussa,

legitimus, 231 lenis vox, 129

leo,

62

264 (note)
264 (note) 177 210, 217
211 140

iusta facere,
iustis

40

lepos, 132

de causis, 44 238 iustum bellum, 252 iuvantibus dis, 181

iustitium,

Icpus,
lex,

levitas animi,

liber populus,
liber (book),

iuventus, 246

libera republica, 19

Kalendae, 144
Labefactake, 50
labor, 71

liberaliter,

96

liberare obsidione,
(note), 179
libere dicere,
liberi,

259

122

laborare fame, 34
inopia, 55

libertas,

30 228
167

libido,

pecunia, 207 pedibus, 37

libri Sibyllini,

184

lictores,

233

labrum, 93 lacerare, 192 lacerti, 123

lacrima, 35 /1 lacteus orbis, 7
laedere, 159
laetitia,

limare, 142 lingua, 123, 133

lis,

241

littera,

97

(note),

140

140, 144, 172 litterator, 135 (note)

litterae, 91, 97,

146

litteratus,

languor, 73 lassitude, 38 latine doctus, 94

loca, 3,

93 255

locare aedes, 234

134 scire, 134 scribere, 135 latinitas, 134 (note) latinus, 94 (note), 134
latitude, 10
latus (lungs),

loqui,

255 169 opus, 208 vectigalia, 229 loci argumentorum, 106 locus (motive), 48 (rank), 214
insidias,
.

castra,

123 (note)

(situation), 9, 11

laudare, 65 laudatio, 41 (note)

locutio,

64 4 laxare, 209
laus,
lavari,

136 longa navis, 272 longe lateque, 16, 81 longinquus, 11 longitude, 10

lectisternium, 183 lector, 143 (note)

lectus, 36,

longus, 277 luce clarius, 280

lucere,

38

legare, 199 legentes, 143

legere, 142, 235 leges dicendi, 135
legio, 2.60 f. legis lator, 219

22 lucrum, 206
luctus,

149

lucubrare, 71 luculentus, 99 ludere aliquem, \ji

ludi circenses,
1
1

302
ludi funebres, 41 ludibrium, 171 ludicra ars, 117 ludus discendi, 97
lucre,

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

meditata oratio, 121 mediterranea terra, 2 medium esse, 221 memoria, 88

244 lumina dicendi, 125 litterarum, 93

(oculi),

mendacium, 115
mendicitas, 55

(note), 171

28

luminibus obstruere, 208 officere, 208

luna, 6
lustrare,

247

lustrum, 234
lux,

22

luxuria, 191

Machinari, 52
mactare, 182 macte, 281

mendum, 143 mens, 76, 87 mensa, 192 mentio, 67 mentis compos, 152 mercator, 143 (note), 201 (note) mercatoria navis, 272 mereatura, 201 merces, 202 merere, 248 mereri, 60 mergere, 275 meridianus, 23
meridies, 9 merito, 281

macula, 70 magister, 96
magistratus, 230/.

magniloquentia, 124 maiestas, 242 male audire, 68 maleficium, 60

malum, 51
manare, 29, 45 mandare animo, loi litteris, 140 memoriae, 88 mandatum, 62 manere, 78, 172 manes, 182 manum de tabula, 281 manus, 26, 142

meritum, 60 messis, 209 metalla, 229 metari, 256 metere, 209 metiri, 175 metus, 149
micare, 8 migrare, 39
miles,

246/;

militia,

247

Minerva, 97 ministrare, 190 minitari, 170 miscere, 224

misericordia, 155

mare medium,

5 (note)

nostrum, 5 (note) maritimus, 5, 272 Mars, 263 materia, 130 mathematical 113 matrimonium, 198 maturare, 17, matutinus, 23
mederi, 57 medicina, 54, 98 mediocritas, 175 e medio toUere, 40

mitigare, 23 mittere colonos,

229

consultum, 183 foras, 186 librum, 141 tela, 251 vocem, 129 mobilis animus, 177 moderari, 15, moderatio, 175 modestia, 250 modi, 117

INDEX
modus, 174 moenia, 258
moleste
ferre,

303

146
(note),

molestia, 133 (note)

momentum, 20
mons, 3

46

mutare consilium, 84 vestem, 189 vultum, 29 mutua accusatio, 242 mutuari, 203 /!

monstra, 76, 79 monstrare, 12

Narrare, 128
narratio, 195/".
natio, 31

montuosa
mora, 87

regio, 3

monumentum,
moratus, 175

89, 93

morbus, 36
morderi, 174 mordicus, 27

natura adversante, 97 caeli, 6 et mores, 176 loci, 9, 254, 257 rerum, i naturalis, 102
natus, 31

morem

gerere, 58

mores, 96, 175 mori, 39 his moribus, 20 nil moror, 236 (note) mors, 39,

naufragium, 274 nauta, 273 navalis pugna, 275/. navis, 272

necare, 34, 39 necessitudo, 194

morsus

doloris,

147

mortuus, 41 mos, 200

motus animi, 145

stellarum, 7

166 (note) negare, 62 neglegere, 168, 172 negotiator, 201

nefas,

moventes res, 188 (note) movere admirationem, 158 bellum, 252/1

^

bilem, 163/]

253 de sententia, 78 lacrimas, 36 loco, 16

risum, 35 sensus, 29 suspicionem, 160
tribu, 234 ne multa, 277 multa nox, 22, 195 multare, 245 multum esse, 97, 127 mundanus civis, 222 mundus, i munire castra, 256

castra,

negotium, 72, 201 nervus, 72 (note), 116 nescio quis, 141 nescius, 83 neutri generis esse, 138 neutrius partis esse, 221
niti,

71/

nobilis,

214 68 nobilitas, 214 nocturnus, 23

nobilitari,

nomen

(debt),

207

nominare, 69, 99 nonae, 23

nota, 234 notare, 70

viam, II munitiones, 259

murus, 16, musica, 116

novae res, 223 novissimum agmen, 255 novus homo, 214 nox, 23 noxius, 57 (note) nubere, 198 nudare, 258

304
nudus, 251 numen, 177 numerarc, 202 numeri, 117, 125

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

obtinere ins, 237 provinciam, 230 obtingere, 230
obtrectare, 68

numerose cadere, 125 numerus, 117

obtundere, 24
obvenire, 230 obversari, 76

nummus, 203/.
nuncupare, 182 nundinae, 217
nuntius, 67, 198 nuptiae, ig8

obviam, 14
obvolvere caput, 24
occaecari, 49, 167 occasio, 48

nutus,

I,

59

occasus

solis, 6,

occidens, 9

Ob, 44
obducere, 147 obdurescere, 147

occidentalis, 9 (note) occidere, 39

obiectum
obire,

esse,

52

39

obligare, 59

obliquum agmen, 254

obliquus, 16
obliterari,

90
esse,

oblivio, 89_/",

obnoxium

272

obnuntiare, 184
obortis lacrimis, 35 obrepere, 33

obscurus, 214 obsecrare, 61/ (note) obsequi, 61, 173 obserare, 186 obsidere, 257
obsides,

occumbere, 39 occupare aliquem, 149 locum, 255 pecuniam, 203 regnum, 226 occupatus, 73, 211 occurrere, 263 Oceanus, 5 oculus, 27, 126 odium, 161 f. odor, 209, 224 offendere, 14, 168/. offensio, 168/!, 220 ofificiosus, 172
officium, 172/".

oleum, 71

270 obsidio, 257

obsignare, 144, 199
obsitus, 189 obsolescere,

Olympia (ludi), 120 omen, 184/]

omittere occasionem, 48

200

obsoletus, 136, 189 obstare, 56 obstringere beneficio, 59

fide,

264 timorem, 150 onerare, 168 onerarius, 272 opem ferre, 54/.
pila,

opera,
opes,

71/

(note)

160 179 166

55/. 220

religione,
scelere,

opifex, I

obstruere iter, 11 luminibus, 208

portas, 259 obterere, 28

opinio, 79/. oppetere, 39

oppidum, 9, 257/. opponere, 108/; opportunitas loci, g

obtinere dignitatem, 215 /I

oppressum
oppugnare,

esse, 38,

207

imperium, 226

258/

INDEX
optimates, 222/.
optio, 82/".

305

opus, 71 (note), 208,

oraculum, 183
orare, 61,

240

oratio, 122,

124/

orator, 122

orbare, 28

parare copias, 247 insidias, 169 nuptias, 198 perniciem, 52 parcere, 71, 191 parentare, 183 parere (obey), 167 pSrere sibj, 68
verba, 137 victoriam, 269
intra parietes, 196

orbatus, 213

orbem

facere,

265

orbis finiens, 6
lacteus, 7

parietinae, 185 (note)

medius, 7 signifer, 7 terrarum, 2

orcus, 177 ordo equester, 214 litterarum, 140

par pari

referre,

60

pars, 46, 107

pars maior, 235 partes (party), 221

(role),

(species),

119 104
30

senator ius, 214

parte

virili (pro),

temporum, 112
verborum, 138
Orestes, 115 (note)
oriens, 9 orientalis, 9 (note) origo, 31

particeps, 173 partiendi spinae, 105

partiri,

105

pascere gregem, 210

oculos, 27

passim, 16
passus, II patentia ruinis, 258
patere,

oriundus, 31 ortus solis, 6

OS, oris,

66

10 (note), 138, 193

ostendere, 100, 154 ostium, 186 OtioSUS, 73, 21

paterfamilias, 187
patria, 31, 40,

225

patria urbs, 31

otium, 73 /i, 212

ovum, 192

P ABU LATUM
pactio, 259,

ire,

257

222 patrimonium, 192 patronus, 241 pauper tas, 55/.

patricius,

pacta merces, 61

270

pax, 270/". peccare, 133

paeninsula, 10
paenitere, 148 (note)
palliatus,

pecorum modo, 264

pecuaria
res,

(note)

pectus, loi, 157 (note)

189

210

palma, 61
paludatus, 189
palus,

peculatus, 242 pecunia, 202/".

245

pedem

referre,
iter,

266

pandere, 274
panis, 190

pedestre

pedibus
pellere
),

ire,

13 13

pannus, 189 parare (with Infm. aliquid, 86 bellum, 251

animum, 145

43

ex urbe, 225 hostem, 265 nervos, 116

3o6
pellere sensus, 29 Penates, 186 (note)

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

in

perpetuum, 20

perpolire, 142

penes, 47 penetrare, 2 pensare, 60 peragrare, 13 percipere aliquid, 95 fructum, 56, 209

laetitiam,

perrumpere, 255
persequi bello, 253
hostes, 267
ius,

237

146

voluptatem, 74

perculsum

esse,

149

percutere frontem, 25

murum, 258
275 245 percuti de caelo, 8 perditae res, 42, 50 perdomare, 271 perducere ad exitum, 43 ad suam sententiam, 78 ad summum, 'j'j perduellio, 242
securi,

rostro,

140 negotium, 62 poenas, 163/! vestigia, 16 viam, 12 perseverare, 78 persona, 119 (note) persolvere fidem, 160 poenas, 244 praemium, 61 stipeudium, 248 vota, 182 perspicue dicere, 122
litteris,

perstare, 78

persuadere, 83/.
pertinere, 10,

46

peregre, 13 peregrinari, 13 perennis, 4

perfecte planeque, 93
perfectio,

perturbare animum, 152

mentem, 145 rempublicam, 224

perturbationes animi, 167
pervertere,

tt

f.

238

perferre legem,
perfringere,
periculis,

217

pes, 28

265
53

perfunctus honoribus, 232

pergere, 12
Pericles, 19
periclitari,

52 periculum, 52/;
periodus, 135
perire,

39/!

periurium, 180
perlustrare, 126

pessumdare, 52 pestilentia, 37 pestis, 52 petitio, 241 phalanx, 265 philosophia, loi f. physica, 102 pictura, 117 pilum, 251 pinguis Minerva, 97 plaga, 40, 268
plana, 3
Platonici, 102

permanere, 78
permiscere, 224 permutare, 230, 271
pernicies, 52

plaudere, 118 plebeius, 214

perorare, 122

perpendere, 85/. perpeti, 152

perpetrare, 182

perpetua oratio, 121 perpetui sumptus, 191

223 poculum, 190 poema, 115 poena, 163 poesis, 115 politicus, 212 (note)

plebis dux,

INDEX
pompa,
41, 136

307

praesens pecunia, 54, 202

ponderare, 175 pondus, I ponere ante oculos, 1-26 f. ponere arma, 189 (note) pons, 208
popularis, 219 porrigere dcxtram, 197 porta, 14

remedium, 54 (note) praesens (in), 20 praesidium, 256 praestare ali quern, 160 benevolentiam, 58
fidem, 160
ofificium,

T-Tzf.

porlenta, 76, 79

praetendere, 45 praeterire aliquem, 83

silentio,

portorium, 229 portus, loi

possessio, 187

127

posted, 34
posteritas, 19 (note),

praetermittere occasionem, 48 praetexere, 45 praetoria navis, 275

89

precari, 181

posterum
postridie,

(in),

20

preces, 181/!

23

potare, 190 potentia, 2.2.0/.

potio,

34

praebere aures, 24 occasionem, 48 potestatem, 196 speciem, 170

utilitatem,

56

premere argumentum, 106 servitute, 227 prensare, 230 pretium, 202/! primarum partium actor, 119 primas deferre, 216 princeps senatus, 235 principatus, 216 principes, 213, 222
principia,
i

praecipere, 76 praecipitare, 17, 215

prius habere,

8,

157

praecipuum

ius,

239

privare, 28, 39

praecurrere, 17 praedari, 257 praedicare, 65

praedicere, 255 praeditus, 75

privata causa, 240 privilegium, 239 (note) probabilis, 80

probare, 65, 99, 106

probe

scio,

83

praeesse exercitui, 249

iudicio,

procella,
proclivis,

274
173
i

quaestioni,
rei

237 239 publicae, 211

procreare,

praeficere exercitui,

249
-^

procumbere, 17 procurare, 184

procurrere, 9 prodigia, 184
prodire, 174

muneri, 232
praeire verba, 181

praeiudicata opinio, 79 praeiudicium, 79

praematurus, 39 praemium, 61/!

praeruptus, 3 praesagire, 161 pracsens animus, 152 auxilium, 5^ medicina, 54 (note)

producere exercitum, 260 in scenam, 118

sermonem, 195
syllabam, 139
testes,

239

proelium, 261/ proferre diem, 23 fines, lo

3o8

LATIN PHRASE ROOK

propulsare hostem, 265
iniurias, 168 suspicionem, 161 proripere, 17 prorogare imperium, 226
in

proferre in medium, 127 signa, 253 (note)

testes,

239
a Platone, 102

proficere, 98
proficisci

104 ab aliqua re, 45 ab exiguis initiis, 43 ad bellum, 252

in

principiis,

annum, 232
224

proscribere,

prosequi amore,

156/

Sequanos, 10

recta, 12

benevolentia, 58 exsequias, 40

17 profiteri artem, 114 disciplinam, 102

Romam,

honore, 88 (note) memoria, 88 ominibus, 88

proficiscentem, 13

medicinam, 98 verum, 8 profligare, 266

profluens, 4 profundere, 35, 40 profundum (in), 16 profusus, 191 progressus, 98
proicere, 28, 41

88 prospectus, 3 prospicere casus, 213

studiis,

futura, 20

rationibus, 56
rei

frumentariae, 248

saluti,

54

prosternere ad pedes, 28

promissum, 160 pronittere, 192 promovere, 315 (note) promptus, 123, 132 promulgare, 217 promunturium, 9 pronuntiare, 116, 129
pronus, 181 (note) propagare fines, 10

hostem, 266 humi, 17 provectus, 32

provenire, 2

proverbium, 139/, 263(note)

provincia,

229 (note)

provocare, 234, 260 proximus, 6, 21 prudentia civilis, 213

publican], 51 (note) publicare, 224
publice,

nomen, 89 propellere navem, 275 propensus, 58, 173

properare, 17 propinare, 190
propitius, 177 proponere in medio, 127 legem, 218 merces, 202 quaestionem, 131 rem, 130 sibi, 86, 100 spem, 154 vexillum, 260 proposita res, 130 propositio, 107 (note) proprietas, 20 (note)

40
(in),

publico carere, 186, 212

publicum

41

publicus ager, 229

puerilis disciplina,

97

pugna, 260 pugnare inter

pulsus, 29

se,

no

pulsare fores, 186

pulvinar, 183 puncto temporis, 19

punctum ferre, 231 244 purgare, 243 (note) putare, 204 (note)
punire,

Pythagoras, 102

INDEX
Pythia
(ludi),

309

120

Pythium oraculum, 183

recordatio, 8g/. recreare, 74

recta, 12
recte,

QuADRANTKS

usurae, 205

281

quadratum agmen, 253 quaerere de, 239, 240 quaesitor, 239

quaestio, 239 quaestiones perpetuae, 237 quaestui habere, 202

rector civitatis,

213

recuperare, 228
recusare, 62

reddere debitum, 39 epistulam, 143

latine,

quaestum

facere,
in

202/. 47

quantum
quies, 38

me

est,

237 134 rationem, 205 verbum pro verbo, 134

ius,

quincunx, 206
quotus, 23

vota, 182 redigere ad artem, 103

ad

irritum,

44

Radices,

in

memoriam, 88
ordinem, 105 provinciam, 272

radicitus, iSi rami, 2 rapere agmen, 254 in errorem, 81 ratio (account), 204 (argument), 106 (method), 104

in
in

in servitutem,

227

in statum,

42

redintegrare

animum, 150 memoriam, 88

176 (reason), 173 (regard), 45 (spirit), 20 (note) (system), 103 (theory) 90 ratiocinatio, 107
(principles),

proehum, 262 spem, 153

reditus, 12

redolere, 124

rationes (interests), 56, 212

ratus,

218

redundare, 29, 56 refellere, 106 referre ad senatum, 235 ad virtutem, 164 gradum, 16 gratiam, 60
in

reapse, 81
recensere, 247 receptus, 266

numerum, 224

recessus aestuum, 5 recipere animum, 150 in amicitiam, 63 ^ in civitatem, 214

recipere (se) ad

bonam frugem, 173 ex fuga, 267 (note) recipiendi signum, 266 recitare, 116 recognoscere, 247
reconciliare,

204 315 (note) victoriam, 269 reficere animum, 74 navem, 273 refrenare, 167 refringere, 228, 259
in tabulas,

signa,

regio aspera, 3

64

recondere, 251 reconditae artes, 94

sententiae, 125

regnum, 227 regula, 135 (note) reicere ad populum, 236 equitatum, 265 iudices, 242 relaxare, 74
religio,

178/.

3IO
relinquere

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

domum,
13 (note) 108
res

nummaria, 204/

in controversia,

pecuaria, 210
pecuniaria, 204/! publica, 210/., 221

in dubio,
in

82 medio, 279

signa,

254
141

romana,
civiles,

no
50

relliquiae,

res adversae,

remiges, 273 remittere animum, 74

213

divinae, 177

165 nuntium, 198

nihil ex,

dubiae, 42
externae, 42
fictae,

studia, 93
remittit dolor, 147

76

gestae,

no/.

ventus, 7

remunerari, 60 renuntiare amicitiam, 63

humanae, 42 maritimae, 273

moventes, 188
novae, 223 oculis subiectae, 29 perditae, 42, 50
repetere, 57,
restituere,

consulem, 233 hospitium, 193 renovare memoriam, 88

proelium, 262
repellere hostem,

265

repercussa vox, 7 repetere memoriam, 88 rationem, 205

res, 57 repetundae, 242 reponere in deos, 178

romanae,

no

57

secundae, 50
rescindere acta, 219 iudicium, 243

pontem, 208 testamentum, 199

resignare epistulam, 144
resipiscere,

reportare, 269 reposcere, 205

repraesentare, 88

testamentum, 199 173

reprehendere, 49, 65 reprehensio, 49, 65 repudiare condiciones, 271 preces, 61

resonare, 7
respicere, respirare,

repudium, 198 repulsa, 231 reputare, 85 rerum auctor, iii fides, 112 natura, i, 115 potiri, 227 scriptor, iir usus, go res, 46 (note) res capitalis, 241 divina, 177 domestica, 187 familiaris, 187 frumentaria, 248 ita est, 42

45 150 responsum, 131, 183 respuere, 271 restinguere ardorem, 158 iram, 161 odium, 162
restituere,

57 241 revellere ianuam, 186 portas, 259

reus,
reversio, 13 (note)
reverti,

13 revocare ad artem, 90 ad rationem, 90, 103 histrionem, 118

in

consuetudinem, 200

studia, 93

rheda, 4

INDEX
Rhenus, 5 rhetor, 121
ridiculus, 115,
rigere, 8

31' 218

sciscere,

scopulus, 274

132

scribere emendate, 135

heredem, 199
historiam,
leges,

rima, 185
ripa, 4 risus, 35
rite,

no

177

rogare, 230 populuni, 217

romanus, no 122 rude donatus, 248 rudis, 95

rostra,

Sacramento, 246 sententiam, 235

219 librum, 140 milites, 246 versus, 115 scripto (de), 88 scrupulus, 82 secreto, 196 secta, 102 secunda mensa, 192 secundo flumine, 5
sedare controversiam, 108 iram, 163

ruere, 17 (note) ruina, 185

rumor, 66 rus, 13 rusticari, 13 rusticum opus, 209

nisticus, rusticanus, 13

Sacra, 177 sacramentura, 179 (note), 246 sacrificium, 182 saeculum, 20

sagum, 189
sales,

132

34 tumultum, 224 sedere, 15, 27 sedes belli, 253 seditio, 223 seditiosi homines, 223 segetes, 209 semel, 20 semen, i, 209 semisses, 205 senatus, 234, 235 senatus-consultum, 236 senectus, 33
senescere, 6 sensus, 29

sitim,

salubritas, 6

salutare,
salvere,

230 197
218

salvus, 172 (note),

sententia (meaning), 137 (opinion), 79/. sententia (ex) 62

septentriones, 9

sanare, 37
sancire, 179, 218 sanitas, 36, 173

sanus, 29 sapere, 172 sapiens, 46

satiare,

sepulcrum, 41 sepultura, 41 sequi partes, 221 sectam, 102

signa, 255 sequi tur ut, 107
serere,
series

167
3,

satis habere,

saxum,

148

209

scaena, 118 scaenicus, 118

258 166 (note) schola, 97, 102

scala,
scelus,
scientia,

rerum, 105 serium, 132 sermo, izgf. sero, 23 (note)

serpere,

66

95

servare de caelo, 183

312
servare fidem, i6o
ofificium,

LA TIN PHRASE BOOK

172
147/. 225 soluta oratio, 124 solutio linguae, 123
sollicitudo,

solum

vertere,

servire bello, 18 (note)

cupiditatibus, 167 iracundiae, 18 (note)

solvere epistulam, 144

tempori, 18
valetudini, 18 (note)

sevocare,

227 30 sexus, 30
servitus,

Sibyllini libri,
sica,

183

252

sicarius,
siccitas,

242 124

sidus, 7 signa conferre, 253, 263

signare, 144

navem, 274 nomen, 204 pecuniam, 203 poenas, 244 vota, 182 somnium, 38 somnus, 38 sonare, 137 sonitus verborum, 136 Sophocles, 119 sopitum esse, 38 spatium, 12, 20
specie, 81
species, 38,

127 signum, 117 silentium, 22, 127

significare,
silex,

78

-^

speciosus, 80

II

spectare ad arma, 87
alte,

silva, 3

77
9

simili uti,

139
i

in orientem,

similitudo,

(note),

100

magna, 86
verba, 136

simplicitas, 59 (note) simulacrum, 117 simulare, 170 (note) simulatio, 170 simultas, 194 sinceritas, 124 singularis, 226, 262

spectator siderum, 113 sperare, 153

spes, 153

spinae disserendi, 102

partiendi, 105
spirare,
spiritus,

singulis annis, 21
sinus, 2, loi,
sistere,

143 151

157

splendidus, 214

255 sitire, 34 sitis, 34

situs,

splendor vitae, 70
spoliare,

227

sponsio, 160

sponte, 280
stabilire,

193 (note) societas, 193 socius, 193 socordia, 73 Socrates, 100

socialis,

212

stadium, 120
statio,

stativa,

6 solacium, 54
sol,

201 solemnis, 182

solet (ut),

256 255 statua, 117 statuere exemplum, 100 modum, 174 pretium, 202
signa,
Stella,

253 (note)

solidus, 94 solitudo, 194

sollicitare

sternere

equum, 14

plebem, 223

viam, II

INDEX
stilus

313

123 (note)

stimulus, 68, 97

succedere, 231, 265 sudor, 71

sufficere,

stipendium, 248
stips,

231

55

suffragium, 217

stirps, 2

stomachus, 147, 163 strages, 268 stragula, 189 strictim, 126 stringere, 251 structura verborum, 135 studere alicui, 58, 221
litteris,

sumere arma, 250 initium, 43 otium, 43

sibi,

151 151

spiritus,

venenum, 40

summa summa

aqua, 3
belli,

249

93

novis rebus, 223 partibus, 221

studia optima, 91 studiosus alicuius, 58, 221 antiquitatis, 19 (note)
virtutis,

summatim, 127 summissa vox, 129

summittere, 129

summovere, 234
sumptus, 191
superare, 3 superbia, 151
superi,

164

studium artium, 114 libertatis, 228

litterarum, 91

177

superiora loca, 3 supersedere, 71

superstes, 34 superstitio, 180

partium, 221
suadere, 217
suavitas, 22

subdere, 15

superum mare, 5 supervenire, 249

supinus, 181 (note) suppeditare, 31 (note) suppetere, 31

subducere navem, 273 rationem, 85 subesse, 22 subigere, 271 subire animum, 76 calamitatem, 50 condiciones, 270 famam, 69 infamiam, 70 moenia, 258 odium, 161 periculum, 52 poenam, 244 vituperationem, 66 subiectio, 126 subita mors, 39 oratio, 121 sublime ferri, 16 submergere, 4 subsidia, 258, 261
substruere,
subtiliter,
1

supplementum, 247 supplicare, 180

supplicatio, 183

supplicium, 166 supponere, 199 suppressa vox, 129

supprimere navem, 276 supra modum, 174 (note) supremus dies, 39 surgere ad dicendum, 122 (note) e lecto, 38 suscipere causam, 222 inimicitias, 63 liberos, 30 odium, 162 partes, 119 (notes) scelus, 166 vota, 182

subtilitas disserendi,

102

suspensum

esse,

155

107

suspicere, 6 (note)

314
suspicio,
syllaba,

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

testimonium, 240
testis,

i6o 139 symphoniacus, 117

240, 280

testudo, 258

theatrum, 118

Tabellae, 217
tabescere, 147 tabulae except! ct expensi,
pictae,

tibia,

116
141 (note)

timor, 149/.

204

titulus,

117

togatus, 189 (note)

tollere
in

publicae,

tangere, 8
tarditas ingenii, 75

tectum,
tegere.

5,

185

de medio, 40 crucem, 245 liberos, 30 tolerare vitam, 55, 191

79
52

tonitru, 8

tela fortunae,

tormentum, 170, 258

torpere, 8
torqueri, 155 torreri, 8

telum, 251

temere agere, 173 temperantia, 175 temperare, 6, 35

temperatio, 6 tempestas, 8
tern plum,

tractare artem, 115

gubernaculum, 211
tractatio, 91

178 tempus, 17/". tenere animos, 123 clavum, 211 consuetudinem, 200 imperium, 187 institutum, 176
ius,

tradere artem, 115

memoriae, 112 se litteris, 92 se somno, 38 (teach), 102 traducere ad, 78

vitam, 31
tragice,

237

128

mediocritatem, 175

tragicus, 115

memoria, 88
principatum, 216 propositum, 86
teneri desiderio,
lecto,

tragoedia, 115
transferre

ad Romanes, 116

157

bellum, 253 ex graeco, 134

transfigere,

iureiurando, 80

251

36

transigere, 108
transitio,

studio, loi
testibus,

215
138

240

translatio, 135,

tentare animos, 145

transversus, 16
triarii,

fortunam, 49 morbo, 36 teretes aures, 24 tergum, 266

tentari

263

tribuere civitatem, 214

multum, 60 primas, 216

tribunus plebis, 234 tribus, 231, 234 tributum, 229

terminus, 11 terra, 2
terrestris,

terror,

13 149/.

tessera, 5^56

trinundinum, 217 triplex acies, 261

testamentum, 199
testari,

agmen, 255
trita via,

181

11

INDEX
tritae aures,

315

24

vagus, 7
valedicere, 197 (note) valere eloquentia, 121

triuniphus, 269
trivio (in), 12 tuba, 257 tumultus, 224 (note) tunicatus, 189 (note) turbare mare, 5

memoria, 88
valetudo, 36 (note) vallum, 256, 258
valva, 186

nientem, 145

varietas caeli, 6

omnia, 224 ordines, 254

turbator vulgi, 223

vasa,

vastare,

257 257

164 turris, 208 tus, 182

turpis,

vectigal, 51 vectores, 273

vehi, 14
velle alicuius causa,

58

tuto

(in),

53

tyrannis,

226

aliquem, 196 velum, 273

venalis,

Ubertas, 125
163/. ultimae terrae, ii ultro citroque, 16 umbilicus, 3 umbracula, 98 (note)
ulcisci,

59 (note) vendere, 228

umbratilis,

94 (note)

unguiculis (ab), 32 universitas rerum, i unus, 21 (note)

urbs patria, 31
urere, 8

usura, 203, 205 usus (experience), 90

(utility),

uti aliquo,

56 62

242 venenum, 40 veneo, 228 (note) venerari, 177 venia, 156 venire ad gladium, 264 in dubium, 81 in mentem, 76 in morem, 200 in oblivionem, 89 in proverbium, 139 in sermonem, 67 in vituperationem, 66 obviam, 14
veneficia,

ventus, 5, 7
ver,

crudelitate,

84 (note) magistro, 96
55

prudentia, 84 (note)
solacio,

22 verba copulata, 139 dare, 171 facere, 122

84 83 valetudine bona, 84 verbis, 136 utilitas, 56 uxor, 198

consilio,
iudicio,

suo suo

verbi causa,
"(note)

99 (note)
136

verbis alicuius, 136

verbum

(ad),

vergere, 9

80 80 (note) verno tempore, 22

verisimilis,
Veritas,

Vacare, 72
vacatio,

versari ante oculos, 28

in angustiis,
in discrimine, in ore,

247 vacillare, 88

42 53

vadum, 4
vagina, 251

66
53

in periculo,

3i6

LATIN PHRASE BOOK

207
vindicare ab oblivione, 90 in libertatem, 229
vinea,
vires, 30,

versari in suis nunimis, versura, 207

versus, 115, 116 vertente anno, 21

vertere crimini, 66
in

258 72
72

viribus (pro),
virili

omen, 184

manum, 25
stilum, 123 (note)
(translate),
vitio,

parte (pro), 30

virtus,

virus,
vis,

134

164/. 163 169, 252

243

vertex caeli, 7

dicendi, 121
vita,

verum, 80
vesperascente die, 22
vespertinus, 23 vestigium, 16
vestis,
vestiti

189/

137 31 (note), 40, 53 honesta, 164 moresque, 103 occupata, 211

verbi,

montes, 3 Vesuvius, 8
vetare, 139, 218 veteranus, 248

rusticana, 13
vitia,

165

vitium sermonis, 133

vituperatio, 66 viva aqua, 4
vivere, 32 (note) vivere bene, 191 in diem, 23

vetus, 19 (note) vetus est, 139 vetustas, 51, 139 vexillum, 260
via,

II

via et ratione,

104

vicem, 147 (note)

vicinus, 10 (note) vicissitudines, 22, 51 victima, 182

269 190 videre, 23, 126 videri, 170 vigere, 66

victus,
vigiliae,
villa,

victoria,

vocabulum, 138 vocare ad calculos, 204 ad cenam, 192 ad exitium, 52 in controversiam, 108 in dubium, 82 in invidiam, 162 in iudicium, 237 in periculum, 53 in suspicionem, 53
volubilitas, 133 volumen, 140 voluntaria mors, 39 voluntarii, 247 voluptas, 74y; votum, 182 vox, 7, 138 vulnus, 268 vulpes, 264 (note) vultus, 28

256
169

vim

inferre, 39,

vincere, 115

vincere

animum, 167

argumentis, 106 causa, 241

Olympia, 120
vinculum, 63, 228, 245 vindicare ab interitu, 52

Zenonis schola, 132

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&

R. Clark, Edinburgh.

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^,

BOOK I. THUCYDroES.-THE RISE OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE. Cn^ 80-117 and 228-238. With Exercises. By F. H. Colson, M.A. From AT ATHENS. ThS FALL OF PLATAEA, AND THE PLAGUE and A. S. Graves, B.A. BOOKS II. and III. By W. T. Sutthery, M.A., M.A.
VIRGIL SELECTIONS. By E. S. Shuckburgh, BUCOLICS. By T. E. Page, M.A. GEORGICS. BOOK I. By T. E. Page, M.A. BOOK II By Rev. J. H. Skrine, M.A. BOOK III. By T. E. Page, M. A. BOOK IV By T. E. Page, M.A. AENEID. BOOK I. By Rev. A. S. Walpole, M.A. BOOK 1. By T. E. Page, M.A. BOOK II. By T. E. Page, M.A. BOOK III. By T. E. Page, M.A. BOOK IV. By Rev. H. M. Stephenson, M.A. BOOK V. By Rev. A. Calvert, M.A. BOOK VL By T. E. Page, M.A. BOOK VII. By Rev. A. Calvert, M.A. BOOK VIII. By Rev. A. Calvert, M.A. M.A. BOOK IX. By Rev. H. M. Stephenson,
cises.

Un preparation. [^ preparatwn.

adapted for Beginners. XmSraON -l^ABA^li^'Si^ctions, and C. G. Duffield, M.A.

With Exer-

BOOK BOOK BOOK BOOK BOOK BOOK

By W. Welch, M.A., By E. A. Wells, M.A. I. With Exercises. By Rev. A. S. Walpole, M.A. I. By Rev. A. S. Walpole, M.A. II. By Rev. G. H. Nall, M.A. III. By Rev. E. D. Stone, M.A. IV. V. By Rev. G. H. Nall, M.A.

^E^E^CTlbNl^FROM^goriv:
SE^'eCTIONS

'w^

Exercises.

By

Rev. E. D. Ston^

from THE CYROPAEDIA.

With Exercises.

By

A. H.

TALES'^FROM THE CYROPAEDIA.

With Exercises.

By

C.

H. Keene,

SELe6tI0NS ILLUSTRATIVE OF GREEK LIFE.

By

^C.

H.^ Keene.

^^t no Vocabulary Th^'ftilowing contain Introductions and Not^s,

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THE EXBy

EPISTLES.

A. Dalton, SF^EC? E^pJilriNDYRS POETICA. By H. C. E Graves, M.A By MBNEXENUS. AND -EUTHYPHRO PlItO Cornish, M.A., ?EReScE ENES FROM THE ANDRIA. By F. W. CALLINUS TO CALLIMACHUS. THE^JrEEK ELtG4'c''pOETS.-F^ D.D. Selected by Rev. Herbert Kynaston. sphaCTERIA bPHACiJimA. THUCYDIDES.-BOOK IV. Chs. 1-41. THE CAPTURE OF

M.A

By

C. E.

Graves, M.A.

MACMILLAN AND

CO.,

LONDON.

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