ARE, ie PARPUCEA STATISTICA, DESCRIPTIVA - curs universitar - 11) QO NN 20130 MEDIAMIRA 2010 I OO OO5 deveriptivi: curs unverstar/Anuta Bugs, Dragos, Doria Laz. ES, ISBNOTRIT}-TINII0-6 1. Bulge, Anja 1 Daagos, Cristian T. Lait Docna 319.22(0758) ssl din al eevee ies STATISTIK DRSCRIFIVA tg EDITURA MEDIAMIRA sit. Hores nr 47-49) 400275 Cluj-Napoca CROP T © ont deputy aupen acest eit apatin auton cUPRINS Posine ‘opt onmecru starasien concrete : "TT. Sout iste privind evluya statistic in Rania Ba at ‘ 124. Derren ut ? np OBSPRVAREA STATISTICA SISTIMATIZAREA feet soaiLon statistic 8 2 Habra exes chestonara fe 21S Bewideobsenare oe 2 Steppe dhe ic & apa, PaRAMITIN REPARTTLOR * ‘eet eee z [3 Pema vc he STS Peron ose is Copan anauiza vokroMLonNrRE VaR {iotgcacrenncoconen pele ceons nt—86 462, Auli sith weet eg 16 422 drat tcl arate gai ener cematse 190 4s hala ett nmi mapas eee bare “4.1 Grodul de esociere xm inenshate legtarl ine variable 191erdinate 1692. 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CONCEPTE DE BAZA. ‘Obictl tari important acest in economic Statin et ing care se upc deere tia america fegomenior de mars, dena’ pereslrttie lor de wom saci, ‘ich conexune, rece s repalarile va leple ce le guard (rebe, V 1985, Tach te mud de defi al aati fp cane ae plea + orice — atin const I onan ma maior ont 9 Asctive, daravnd Is rg un crc soc, + meiodolgice ~ sain imcorporeas 0 sete de mete In eae Fredomint cle cana, cu fdamentaen epstennbged spur: 4 aplleave ~ prin generates ove se, stasis se apc Chie nal varie dona dea asononie la soca de 1s Ierocoams Ta macroooios 1 nar i socite de ts fic Satset plat a sti socal Tb, 15, © etnies ala, stie He eget uno faze de demersal rmetodologe fie amps uaui doen retin fe aspen aul grup de tod cpr eo! au mga pier, ln peaem sates dapune de un corp de metoie a evr pure de conoagre ee verifeatt fr arte donerit qt deo tcone geocal ona deol Cara static devin ot mak o ormponeat in falta genet omen conempoate, iar gintea satis — o twos ries ndspenabis petra alia 6 ierprearea uno se ‘Reata u indehngat proce, satin se pens x on corp cman e notin rgaiat nj concep de poi, de metode ‘Mince, cn findancttre cpsternloges explcds gi ov 0 varette de Alomea de pica, scoperind patie nar sockets. Asta, statin covstiuie un pueric atrument de enor 3 unit taconite. Marea mujpitle-s dscipioebr tnpromit de Atsiet model precede soi, ndipensitie deaf adel ‘ont acztors. Tete mention fed melepericol sue ote rr ilxcitne pot ange a ke os necorespancioare w metodebr gi octet sais “Aliza i cunossees aamelor 9 proceslor ancl economic se pote reliza meet utnie t unl obit iguroase gi meta th Ferg elven le pot ft masurae. In cadrl operate de mele 4 fenomecelor i processor are be un proces de sniare gt aberactizate& Torn vedere aaa sob aspect canta. Anaiza cata conte © feet premerstone analel ease. Teron mxekce conte 9 ‘easly nermedal peri de simular. Ps paca tro fie {de comtrae teste amnlr,setiea exe meen pez i np ‘ercetititifiee find solide a hi dela pe baa metdek i ‘rocedecor pe ere pune la ispovfie. Model const ett vine in ‘ton sates arokndere cuore enomenelr¢ proce. Models matematca cigar fot msl mu teen, dobiaind 0 Iponan deoseis, ola ea ieenstcrea spin modelo eats (Cuore s argasonres dar rete din observ state constitu ctapnpemergitoaeeakori un mode fy aces ene reatie representa o mcbe 2 veal feMta pe tao dastor in observaret Stati. Pe bund depts, modcien ete conséerit 0 modalate de anor taconite (Organizes colegers,temmierwirecepfionti afomiion By ‘adr! stn ecogo nie sel cbietivele cfs ut si {nformsional. Un atom ilormatonsl ete alto din ral ale ciate informational, unde Secu pute tebe st nla oper decals tconartere npr tor seeps acetom In sop loo for Trecerea de a pcicaves manual fs cen automata a tte flor din cadrl sistemuet afornajoma,alinceste proce de conser + ‘ealiti,pernipd asinulres sistem informational um ox tsnoigie Informe pein trrsormaca Ta at-anaute bret. Organ ‘ena informe nu site fs conforma en pinepie temeloe ‘ernie cot we soporte In abort peu efciente scsi. Avind vedere nftsa nedtemiaist epi clemrtalor Conorene din ser eherbeic, scuberes Salih scacors ‘eae apelin oI tated, Stade regia ebb n-ne Cites se pot shorda mma pe ara uror overs snc relate tnetoa are te pes consruim modelt mines fn conforma ci reales. Thorac, prit sparta s,s impli ot ma ml nate fate e vehicle si prekrre = inormaidor “din. sal skfomelor infomation, comdickad in aos i un sl aay Hort, onsen semifiative 9 supa static, Calcultowee ees, i puters for de cle conve hx oud vse cu privy ta font tuts, presim ys modaliiile de celare «acstor foi. Relies {tora gh in fegin erty 9 itror ‘meteor pices $Sporizbite din statistic, capo caleulton i fst ce ‘bic si metoda stn, Caeuatorl electronic mu conse dec un instrument de ale, degaind statin de volomal mate de cael a tplsile prate inpenentate ox ajotorl chelator specialist exe ‘Boolian de manplaen dation oft ide opentite cu act, oncentrnda sen encase supa ilerpetnreaitatelormtesnede ‘etal ‘Stati information, cre fost demi ga de academician ‘ovis Onicesc, gi gine plc practice ir aivere domeni Saderen Siterslor i aft eu brain comfauh fyacetes 3 permis 0 atone Stearic yma ne fumdancon aterlasealtajic eos mated 2 infor Sornlezh loge cel generale cn priv l coneacie Conte comune dimr-un alten, and i acl ting prep e coders, peelucare, pli gi Uansmitare a infor de cae Stalin bencins din pn. Intra erst matematic ifs & fort Cue Shanon, cae bart po eons probable. Teor ick de Shanon pees reducer petal eae aenaaS waneres ind un proces complex de cumoage, jada gi atime, management se onceizzard pin opera de noire, nai conte, fit esol conti momenta ari deez. Toate cee opera Foleo metodet i procedel static incepind ch lege (bse ae Ghiclor @ Rehend ow seéwccrea corelazlor reese Ii decor ‘Aceasa 8 permis conturaee woe icine dena tora det, aed ‘hep seopTandamemres gine proces docone. Deore tara Neste! fae apel ts mele determin, aces be itp ram Shonen aby al tematel) apis sf amume iy cactarea operas Ceres operons este considera un nsume de Sodacee asjiomil a proceacor 9) femenclor co 0m fal pra de Somplesie. Acca dep msopreazd in saps ss mode Dosedce stasis eit go aline de eh de ar ini, eh Se color 9 prelcra a orm ‘ect sui ders constitu un lt domsla cae statisti se solic. Diver variate de devote «un fenwen supose, sl ‘is cconmic, presipun.deasonpuncies acess. Inco mie de ‘exit care formar un cmp comple de eenieae Amp eet, ‘ms plnucibile varne de dervetare x fenonens prepare cnagerea Alte’ de pobabiiae asoed acest. Aces er a ete pon Fk fo bsarvare metodich seve! fenomensie in imp si ea ume 0 Carmina lagi de probate pe ene owrears Als ditt de arobe, lizsnd models procedee attic, permite a precagadl Gore care ee pes ose tus th mukting ain ve rego 0 S.S.D.M. (hema sport a ection Ge ratte acta ind compas dn Sane sas 9 “ares de oso”. SSDM ex tm shan cooroat de Ua, ses, Inseunente whi. Isat cu thnlopn neces ce apo eigatic ‘Sealegs gat interpre formate evn efehoaesclees sa Gin ned by cae opened edna fin ace tela aco de ertetng [Kote Ph 1997 “ Po bua cel presse se pote subinia Inch © dtl oh 9 Imgonana cinco ntadtr yi pocedelr pose eds. de stash in proce! cancer, Nu ee Tipst Ge inporana, apo Sats tit th donenit cx: medial, Blige, Tied, chime, ‘eine Juice et. Recent sunt exzre cae se imwepie sce ‘Semel tag contr are ua brs rsne e de eae oes ‘no obser ate, pit semock model sence aio Roma Filer sma ,Care satin! ne neti pa 3 ‘spuds la probleme cee mal soe ps de mari ave ae pac tows. De fcr dl i! epidemic ot Fr eae, In ote cee since de br lst tice cares Pm de expe sou observa ot ht lt tetege pet ta ‘ental, pour a era contac si peau s pepe car ‘emote ecole acer conta’ [Treble ¥, 1589) ‘Crete ities neces net sce asic” tn dk vomenie findancoale ale cern momenil de meet kgs de lepers si petcraca daelr 9 tm moment aplicn, de seicwes {eo pe cle contr erases, Mien de domi cre ttt se apch x permis MG. Kena st patch Stats, tn stl ec a larg, ese ation oricrl slate experimental 1.2 toro statistics Statistics context ceo ns, cont ca dep de fine satoar, undo traitor care len protcs de tor, Peocop senate stash, rin shorn wart @dvereclor mcr, se per fh vechinea sore. Aldi Gracie sic, dar acu seat npr ema, investigate aheolgie a1 soe ln iene g sere de da Cae privese ‘aventura bunt, esastorumne, deste poate pli dlvemebr st Toate sce peptide de itr fn cons © comecnh 9 pce pac, etcutind-s fn mod mpi fepccaen wor si paras Bene a ces dae eo ogee Tica tale cle anise, re neree cries scp unan ates a verte fore de organza eto ‘Sout Acted neat pnp ell pct de one eit in ie nb oa a chp ia pte tad de tics pected Tepes #88 Ser canner vc fone, tor eee ceo dae dete. Ca unare, par ecestate tnoster vor teil ae perth ‘opinion unor Con fants tb eit far ‘cept de connie » sant acacia se nig la dates aul expen sone: prgaice, connie pice. Acct mod horde stusici carers ib mumle de decreas” mint pin nw A 7 el le ind ob antl not, Tcnins cr coor Germs a tl po cea ah Stead te deve eran Tn conbrmine ev oro erie, cate esses iva emai ll a i 6 ik tie propre Se prefre, Ularor, act dpi es i race iit olden, devernd vn bit de sh voit Corman Teumenl Ge sini dia spl ys i Ginga pt de ul tien seins epoct eect Represents yo sash fn Germania fa carcae ors pate sre pr decid «isin tue co swear dep bet, see Hath git 0 oad inenne ions eos mai f si su conn de inoeie pi cmp tom, sion ast din pt de ver coi x Contin nda o dcp rent cx prepress descr fEeomeeror ga ape cues ooe leg timning odin fractal do un mod de recenrepepordret vera nace comes Siow chore bert er pave Ie Swen lor fy dee ‘opee coving atta arene sue Ge infer Ts Moldvarcon mide oun eae ee eso Moore hi Dime Cantomi, zac, On pons case omega {npn geopsat yoesch gals np nnd eos ta ropes dn or prc, dnenin. pe suo andl Sage Kaden ae in yes de asic despa Anglia (Pieter paid Nol cre in sce e sarees pi soon Saree pin proves materi, velvetyenomenee soctlecosonice, fol i Taercil de revere wor Tiplictea apart} mitematic mh descoperien legtlor eae cructeraay fesomencl condi un real ropes, amtcpdod apr tied moderne, Reprecesaei de sean nou cua! ett an init nnd eos rit het: fk dowel demngrafel,deoaree ved sul opal orl bogs pues Angle Merits) amintin ty ses Seo elon Grate, William Pot Edad Malley “Gea, anazind et aoe reiszele de mayer gl decese din Londra, «Inert st giseusd Tegel eeteritpopalais, » exhib mei inte sexe «fii, mone Stile Groat ee, pets rims or, pepe naterir mscaline nap cu materi eine (Gor bei fn 100 6), eacund princle rate de motte pe grupe de ‘We Petty, prin lore sl flbserte ertinfie canative in compursa peau man econ leet sae "EHley fst un representa de sear ook stattice din ae ret din Angi, shri a Ini ale eles legate de estas pi: cltoea st, buds pe crits ceva mal anal dct ele ‘Mbp steer, ature piel abel compete de morale Le promoracs pelncpilor armel In tvestgace enone, enntice a evident to wd dewehit all dat reports a yeah fngloze: Devsran gi King. Ultimol ded ie mon spect calcllor pvind venture sala pe clea inponielr, de asemerea iceciad Mabietcdmirnes capialrior de care dnpunce Angin fe al 17-2 pedo uferte huis eater, suelo, epee. Inn ames plain eagle s-1 cat sng he couture un cuent lates police caopee. Armen poi {impart lypa eu soda st desripdve din Geman, prin imermedil hi JP. Sistmlich. Lari sle ¢ remark i rp pre tlotares expen feometelor vii umanes inarea leit ce le vera, sorerea foomencor denmgrafice gi ecoromic,exaninarea femmencir i dinnich. entific spurte fy wok de date Tonmecit, ponte arm 8 fg seal ea, nation se pigs dwt caren pea cet corpora waitin era Snjlash ca'o desrave empiics we tstall 4 carterigclor sstuht (asin lest yal den creat conform cia asics bu te dalice anal! rometlo sine, acted Kgl te ‘ult pe observa cule meric (arimetica polite}. Statics, prin cence, gig ee tot ma lr descrinie sttizice devin rooupSe baa in nati publi, Artis pi Sib mpert compen aphtan dimesiune cll cu infrtres cle probebliior Acs nox ames. a minenatc, aves st indetneaes manianesfodamenci sie» preceptor mati de [Hl tne: Barca i Laplae ave fe prim car au lat nodelle Fear probabil sui atte a eanenelr econ soi Berotl ore clgen aumerlor nae, deh! Gms ull protabiliior in eoononde. Laplace eu preneupa de stirea femomenclor dependent de diver factor conplex de astine,ptigurind ‘ates ses call 1 abordes de nants a omeneln mee ‘Un ak rpreceaan de sea al eakalsprokabiiy fot (Gas, cate define ges de repute nonmal Ln tego, Four 2 publat un mung de tei despre aplicarca matemaic in ive detpgratie, iar Poison descopersega de epurte s eveuiewsor ae ‘Ganiea probated ven ss cosoieze In aise i eo 1 ten, asguine-k progres i tenomele de cre se birt se! In inaga hime. Un rpresentan de sam di acest pei cae @ Soon gine etic nse seco sft netic, tomo {saben belgian Adolpbe Quetelet Conform tote acest mate iditor, dvenele exactere ice, nikectule morale ale cacao, ‘hcrai in mia ar ahs nt inf iv el de aad, {ar ecules mane conform feo onal mein dt (eo pate dell acous fne sete. Penn a Sexpin ce ete gol finfel uae, A. Quist propone debrstaren cm de cratrele ints ale sale are mb fn ect eet, Len e om med @ os vo de igpraiervind oe de nolimt y comepte ro in brainich, cum ar fe reparte, medi, dapene, obovate, asl, Feailicate ct. fe conforma ca tera I A. Quétde, renulre sie a ure une ober de eroding care sn uate ‘dom ah inordinate cea oral Ll A. Que esr tu peta oa ene itt sai taaté pe picnic provtone salsties Accu inpring sist no duce de’ crete: rcctarea vast 9a reli cau in mee fenomenekr, sz repute, aboréares ca pinnate 4 fenomesebr vit uane. ce. Conform terior i A. Quéet sata eetine mete une acseate ‘tui fenmensor bate pe ea robe, ‘Consent ex ul din nator coon memati, A, Cont sonsidersnatitien a 0 dsipink brn ordaea fennel Aksenderea cazelorrogiate ale acotor fy contexte aii earee Incmpioare{seco af lea te hutness diese precept dora sed retest peace. Unels dresses soe itcloerea fn Sis auwect « tenor ienoncrcior cunieaie numeric ebictic fel at br, tiny ov comity de domen oii door etcte econ weak: Mai ext un sup ream, care reticions ‘nde pose a sate I erent vite Goat eam roger! siti como retin ca fined ae yd ath decor toa 19s Aci cures fe sn epezcotni ol static care oa ips omental atin soci dr es peta dy ‘trvotares tere prbulsiee. In conepin i DP. uaa uation trae saith cols de sad vss soe cx mattudes de Soomene Care pai coieind tne x0 pnt mete PL. Cebqet SAA. Monk sian adie un port sbi Te dexvlata tet [obsbiliny Cebier demonaueas pie sek, lorena central tcovei probate gt «kept mumereor mari ar Mrkon pur berle {eooet mode a rocco sche 9 arb ae pontd wane In scot weet se cortiens 9 not caps in evn static cuoscth cept conti sisi moder: fn accra nou apd Stats deste vada descrip, de gezetar pit eoomencer, inistdose pe increta aaast's enomenckr i deducrea dc concn dosti tli art dtl ae Ase ere ca posi deci petro hepa 4 sails pen & Petite psec ma crspnateat toe stages obec Caton i K Peano erescras yolstasise gio snc 2 latorato rae parte in toe ys rede specif naz Statsie rode, cowinuts spot de RA" Faber gi ath, K, Pearon traupare linha maton ss evar pa fb Clon tonsitinse into, eos cores att, peried saeen Siversfors de ptr n apes pat da doen efi ec. Trckngres snuck recsnen arte cago de troblene: probleme de species, prtiene de oierate probleme de ‘site te dtr A Felsen concep tes si Se Pores sea peices snise co five in Tenomenit deohcral dete lop deine rind comp x dle tel adc Dick eee unt Cocoa ptzl avant e connie aie, cel ti int I noi ober mat riauoase. Se petignesr ot ma resi Fie, coniom cea, pesca es ge sch de oan: peal tre se acre pe stele obser dejo. Cases pin on incepe sf devin o ape ore, serrata tla pests Bin ce ‘nce rai ca gi mural by cau sbi nce Caractere Une porulipornnd edt de obser pe bz deepen esapune © sith incr, pe care spent caud ord ct mai mat Usa fin pobemele importa ale satis © contin tocnal masuares rt de imcitacine crepiveseconszie nfotve. In conordaale ail probleme al vii sos score, tte mpi in og Giest mt dsteminares canter de cose gt pierderior imple de Sti emit pe etre phen Fone Tn acealpeioa, pin rece ore seine se cotreard ca @-dscipint inc, Sasice teamed progr omarebi Indcosei i omen! eon memati, cnn zsoperie de metode oi de investiga elaborate ima tcene. Din punet"de vedo pags, ats pune spine feo! dome de Iplstla,retscle ‘objowte corttund up inbeld. pring unpaes Sls nse nl vara scouts le il sociale econ Tn rmodine de defi cae sau date mal dau sai, se pot decal dood crete: unl din acess conedert atte dep Foxit admite ca eto. Indirect cue apainem, ais Imdrnd pena douk aspecte dete, dar complencare”aspetal ‘erp nlbat in aga nunca sarited desea, cate perme aces infrafioe apn cam av rel dn pewcrea dtlor dn observe ‘speci inducrIngbat asics inferential, ete ne pret 0 are feorsit shor i vedees deficit de concise Sorvailorefcteste In cara im demers static, cle da spect lube rive ca out omete care apn unui acl proces de nosy ‘Sltstica se dovedeye de neitoct, Ty sual cunoater fesomrelorsocaheconize, generate de caize multiple 1 complexe Acetefenomene domind aproape mtreaga activate sock 9 ean, Completes astra rs artsy in shies Jepson nomen ‘ame spss anaichsttisin.Pomind de lx dnc de obra, po bara Stel sabe, se pt dpinde lop satinice, cre dese ‘ura de mates tatih. Ace nt eg a prop, care st a fel de obtive cag lege diame, Legit sities erection mel fevomtselor urate part rane yare de cru eal ide nega se manifest prin ited wai ner component $a in fecare pat compact al separa. Lepea aiid scone ea © fendi de ansubia, dust pe baza unas yum rate de over tice Lega saat epost pune vient uma dacs conser ‘wr mimar sien de ae Go ung sais element ne popula de ‘dt spe bev. {igen nuerclor mri, cae conic o expreie a ett ne aceite i irplre se seriiet An colt ely ae 9 13cupeinatoare, fu coulemitate ov acca ees tien conse a wl rir mate de fet let, in cont ee delemnue,condace ‘erste apompe independent de rps, ind sel poster ca ‘estes een. Refers nef pi ye atid descr ‘tn of In mgtere mmira Belo ines pee fast. fil Ais er de Bo 107; ee 100, Parevlreind acest ee state ists pe sen sur ta sit este fn pa a arg 2 ladies ce Tel de rapon exit cle ind vere sole desl de umroase gn acelin inportste pent dirs tai seston Salih cares preciio real sermifietve Ih atet sea, tebe fcepcns pe mse Indesjuns de mur de ater, fl. Bern ce dat cose ego forma mstematik, a iat sh mesons fs ween Sy ‘ora nui observation egal mlm eal de sian shiiei ou constue ceva nu gadis, denarece ome ered de Pepa sa yc suse defeat refers bo scime asx eee lt Ine, ctw me observant st in conser 1.21, Seurt ere prin evolu sti Romdnia Despre nceput donnie tii frie onoest nw pte A vonba decdt insole al XVilllea iacowee. Prima aces at ‘ectsinir al looitoror pe a fot Hews de Cosmin Marrs, cari tefrmelr sue Tn Muatenin gi Molva, Regulemeatl organs (C851 nde cataratias ecm stati peiodi: Die? T ani ebuin st we fick cxzgrafia popu, Wp ponme Wine Mabie, ene ses agente eu otis vee 1a 28 apie 859, domorl AL. Cura spect nfigeca uni trou de ities Tare Romesh, mind gel pe Dio Pop Marfan iar 1 ie 1859 apebaintimte Defi de Stic’ din Mostovn, a ‘conduct fon ones de Brad lr august 1862 cele dout one de staid ve reanese sub ecunivesOficioi Statistic pent Pripatle Unite sub conicees ‘Gidea sass romineaeh 4 ait fn contexul apts a coretelor stiticeexitente in Baroy Repentance ' ptt un conn permanent poopie static din ie Farop cng cortibai de sear sin ronmvaen sti terete rice, ct al organi et mao. Celt de scan preset 44 sai onda din acea pernadt at et Jon lonescu de Bro Dicese Pop Masjan, Mrinal Gea prezota puns de. vedere espe atin forrest Ponder pentru capri Moldovet” (189), EE | | in eli eel eects Ut Dee Man an tele ot ac feces tl ite, rales ete ha Sree scl deta wm tte Upload sy sel anna ce Fyn spiral statistic descriptive earopene gi la eal ‘in fark sau sori finest Un cas desi fot iodo 1856 n Feehan reed ‘Sit tiances dnp lores coe er ara See i ony Ar tl nt pc ee a 180 gr Ane ue cca Home ee Fa mong [ Bogdan ¥ 1985 Geld ena pi ek, ence Kells (ora Ere fee crt, eras arigereg ene Room reel coh In 196 ae be 0 reunine nil cu tom Aneel stctn eld pes pins datt tn Rom su formate pce res eri ut ytion rate" ate 192-1989 are leo eterpre duo» api sondaklor in sadirea feomesclr comorace deol. sacruh poli din cet ta peas nga o mae de ance tone fnetiontnd e ripe ean estore half uty, chad vis soca 9 cn enone ete ‘ptt de enomese process te ce ni comps, waite ie In via cerceor pons fce mink Dessopetesnerdepenenelor Sine dvenecaacerl cares ise i srt de tard soi conan cont rea coi por onal rapt ones incoaoare‘Stott, pra multdina de meted proce pe cee pue la lapoiin cexcttru permateoabordare gach derek pbs {arene a in ah. Nut pone incase tor, pn libra previnwo! si stacgt de dezokare, {4 apo sai Acasa ne Firepit, pe bord deeplate, sb acd atin cuvenl 9: stad Statistica desoriptntrepeaias psa de ene ttisti,Ea pune tect penta ante cette nr al inf, Statice espn pes Feu carter cantative sleep se te Teer lo Soetivzae stl, tran mod sing ce. 13. Concept de baz 14. Popa satis Populate sedvies reeves maltines slemenclor simple s0 complexe de tees nar, re x8 ua ta tal mae nage eels oman, prope eestor ty pepe pvt cn untae. [lars vss} ‘© popue este Gini hed inch un sume detrmint de clement, dares poate fi canlderath dept repent une popu teorce infinite. Ca uate gpa aceite de» delta 0 popu conn, spat inp. Se midomi popalaia vier Bxemple de poli state: mules perosncior dino aroma {a6 oat, 2oat ec) In anol mnlfiss gonpodior in Romina, tk momenta mimes consumalrike um pr, lines sacks Productos sat concent ale wail rodis, mines” sake Sisributewre, ang vel occ Se oenr macle de cept abst A, RCs Unatee statiticd contsie clement component al popaich Unie attics ete prt origina de ilormaic sxsaieto Jogi al informatie! sas. Dated varia specter sb ete te poate ‘preven nfl, sea scan comport 0 etn procs, cae A [tod posite de erpreae dents de cae observant ose ‘oat ce pot rejacavlowea investiga in exeoplele ciate mai sos, unl sate aunt) pesmana, pty connumston, soca procoare saconcuet socttok Altrnuoare, agama et Se moles ca minscuele corspunatowe jus ce sambolizeapoplaa sais, espe ay By Volumal populeel repent muna unio sttisie_ cre sleries pops stages Aces poate 1 fi sa Inn i Tote ce tl popups care pate a Sn sen ini, Sena a pen op em anion represins 0 sbrmainw > amet popula ste, ons dp crite bine sabe, In rot proceed frmare {urtom vem egarioneslestoare cpnoae dt Tatconl senor exe formot div une statice eae sek pata proetea lets proedel tages sri tbe et amore Fdlisoue proces! excep senate Ejanona dij ose coasiu pe bara uno informa auxre xitewe ln nivel oposite sa iad her pe ancestors leah Shale respectig dow rears racer) equal In fine de titer sabre Majreses sdilor au ca suport dale povenite dee nivel de cyan, sel inporania const acesia i inpick, apeaen In infects sti, per etn parame ave popula nies 1.2. Variable aid Variable stata recent 0 tsp sa 0 tr comuns tue unio ne pelt Nive frei deo vari aie fate orca populfis se mitesle rnliare sou are «variable, [hoes 1998) gentle otk cu muscle de In feels: XY, Ze Dak a tanh oo Xo vari atin Orbea ame oly yy ‘fev vor ota rl vb especie "Verniiele sane se cick rapon cy astra, woul de apie de varie. 1) up stra vralle ttsice pt abate, de inp a, + Variabta abuts exit un seb sas igi een (at et times spt} so poparia etn ne a8 tng ate 8 tng wii opal a pero de tin neat exit exis + Veriabite de spa: earth spilt cae exits au iter iif pope, 1) upd meld xpi tio eosin: + Varlabt candtind exe varia te cre tt expr in Jab uteri. Sema names vraill metick + Veridiacaliatvi ete vr le ce tie se exp pein vite S00 cod. Se mal umes vert nonin (sie se ‘xpi pin cuvine) san varobi xdnal (aede e expiak pin co ©) sl de varie aril cana poe 1 Varlaa dieret ete soon vaca ere, in ier sha de inl, teguea al ol alot apne Varia ar ee str. + Varibta comined: ete cea vatiblt cate pote tan orice ‘albre elt ds inevaal st de varie. enple de varibile statistics rev In poplin foemats din nuns sersuatorr aes pro ‘ns: varabls ati catia, coins X= (a= (15:20) .80 ~) frecrena de cup! vars rai cai Yet yn: ee gre] - nue este camper rollin: aibilt nitrates Belek: w=20) Tocatirea magazine de nde compet: vari de apa, cata 82 (5)~ carer san —stada Py) dats okimeh compli «produc alt var de tmp, Te (1270 200%; t= 24.02.2002.) Variable lestore YVarubls sleatore te vrai cre poste tis orice vloare in aloe ue! mun Hake sas itis, cu anti probabiit, rasta fri sci varia aa ee de probit ‘Crp vnrnbl sted, variable astote, fener cx valle se peste iret sa conn in tin ce vob sleaoue gic ak Is Dep, vorisis Mastiek conte 0 npc cat a unabe stt din uli Valinle wet arable alae unt pebble in sca Team can amintexporment. Stile wat vate sate et fob, canes oar ror er ne npg 13.3 Obververe ating Otservzes sai onal in etiiaren uti popu ‘reget lor Yarabielor br apt ow cae este Mit Asal {tur varabelor zal xin obeare se numese st, ‘up pad de cupedore a popu! satice,oberaren aiid este ded lr: tld pari ‘Obervren tld est cel tip de Obsrate nists te re oe Fnoperaceturor unter care foe pate ds populate sates pus dnl poled Romine ete un exempt de ore Obvervaren paras porupane cbuervces i egisraca ui itp de un di opal aks pcre bine defini 4h cereiatea sai 2 une popula petal de pene Hl poute ona satel exhaustive reakite pes cbervaten popula univer, {sine romatte dim absroren pails un ution AA, fy abel consi opal fil ind sea ebfeen de norma level eplnptuaivers A Tn primul cs, sam deeb flo tn peers attisior se teint pe matematica determin aun carat fli sph. Ace Geos al coco stance W omttue coctal tye muri sel erin pte repezena pin schema smite ecm d In a doa car ticle canttatvewiizate se best pe tora ohabier, perma extinderea formar det esinion bi poptia Tes = dace wos, est denen cont obec muni lle infeventate post 6 represent rin wou schem Saiiitroane [Tae] tatoass A [aac © ithe”, | petiwes | SEA* | “ekcte’ [totem »124 Sera attic Seria staitiet ete o contrac cae red te distil nei popula tn apt cu una se me veri, He aris et in Up mapa ee exer a la ‘Sete atte casi in apt x ms nile rt, ste It repor cu punseu sari + Sunt sarisie ondinensionale ae bar sng variably + Sent susice mutidimnsonae, ete at aba oud sa mai ke vail 2. Dp ate saishileor does: 1 Sei abate cae at ah vile etrbtve; ‘Soni ermolgie (de np sa ltoric) cea Ta bd varie ‘ein Ser de pia se etre, caren a zo vail pp. Doped exriace a tril ai: deoechinn ‘Ser clive crea abn waz caltatre; Ser cantare cae a bth rile catatve cae ph ‘undo de vrai arial poe: dserete (end vais ee ier) commu (cd var exe com) 4 Tnvapor et ptuandator in car este lei ei, vere Seid eevee de dsp repari) ‘Sede ora Seis ttn cen dain paul report cua tute varie comtisie 0 deorpnere a aestclafntrn muna Se ‘ase O el de serie ete forth In exlsivtate di ove (ate ‘ule su nacre relative cunts sa eecialafe) side sce se ‘mele sere de recvnf. de dbut t de repairs a fosrt deaumes de rear sted wa dre sat, ‘Seria station ered arin ne eed i, ns sa dk categorie aa e mumet serie de arf 1341 Sera staitiet de repani. Conform deel de maim, prin aceat seri se diarti unitii nei pop ssi ep saa stn me varie. Fre 0 sere stated unidmensionald” st Iba visibly X x(t on na ay {hpi nce oases eee SANs hn Cl gd mii gro at vee nih taco aes ates ma ere gee oe ee om Fp a gem wie ce misc a Roma, saan gag le eae ek senate tated dina Ear ts Sean oe SRE yumaa eat as aaa Tf a (ees st 180 290 8 3) 0 caten Wat a mie ir de ct sand oe ie sts rin vin ss a aw fi» hd aa f= me aah ponderen unto din popula care a egitrt er arb X state ‘000 %)‘categoria de ,2 stele”, " 7 Peani dof seria (1) se pte dae seta fort recren absolute cumulate, resyectiy. » San xf ) ae 5) ay Nisei) “ ne 4) repre uml de nh cla popula ats pet cae varia inept lr co cape weber ee Nad=N Neos) = Ns 4Ns Ne) = # Ne AN: NO) =N) +N Nee Bump on 2 8 a sy 666 1776 2464 3154 3048 1250) 2361 dows sce Porm de ata 1.1) sv (12) pte dec ea frou frecvente relative cumulate, respectiv: ® be ert url untiir de eazare twitch avi cel ma lat AG) mea. Ae) ode: Fe) ~ ex ponder uni popula side pes ce Varah given epee yee Wad =h rhe (0 2 4s (ons sicx sisx onan vase 100s) 6,89 pone ir de cnr aad an 2c ‘Age cam se pote cmtata din dena celor dows mii de fever comme acsen spot eet ze se labora woo er STiece dour cau cre nts seve egg 0 vata canal Teva ssc opel wats aa Ae otto de azar ates Ronn sp 1999, in A. Romine 200, 0 Suge abe tate de eerie de exe Poeengaingaunir de cara apr fre de propel (c ‘AS. shRomin00, pe.) (rings mt) Acct este 0 sei satis de epi unidimensional av tok o variable g ova cu fecrene absolute, In Sent aaj sept cabra sia itch formats cw ovens aie, y(cinina se vt) ( s00% eo31% aia unto de cara forgot etl detail crite (Gh AS al Rominii2000, ps 19) z;\ttoral balnewr mena Dinaeis inclusiy ‘ocalitath [2 3s oor a a 0s)ate o see stalitich de repre unidimensional avid Ta barb Vocal abut alias frmadl ou fleorene cbse. Se pode ‘ahora sta fora co cevese eae, ‘De aseene, se po! labors er de rpartie wnidimensiosle fo report ou tumil do ta cua ow gral de wlcore 4 capaci Tuncine, copaciatn ousted ee Seria sts de eprifebdimensonal eso contac cored sibs eet pop pot ce dos vara “Ae pps sacs A sal fh apt cu vaabele X $i YY, rentle ober we pt props ne abe Se forma urns eso ise de reparie marginate, nap cu Xi vxeg(h hand PEA ty oe Ne Mi) a ire (eee |e deur sere de reparii anidimeysonal tn raport ew X condponat de yu arial cctra id pal cu noma de wha varie, De stemenss se poite labors sar deduce win de epee tadimessionalt Toma eu Hecvenle lave, espetie ve: Ny = rereintt uml de ui peta care varia X stepistenat tren vrai Y nears sas 1 -tmirl de ont pest ce Y= inleen de ive feghrt ‘ovata Tuma de nit pest cane X =, difeee deivel est Nl ol de wi asia Seer x w wad y v i a » [6 & ale} ao nl 4. | at rah i i pM a fey Ae fey OD rele Rel popula atts A su din A. Sal Romlaii200, se poste extage osc de repute ulinenionala, vind lat ‘erable ‘X= categoria de confor (aur de ee) ‘Yup uni decane cused “defor were7 Tar oo = 4 we prebertast otter] Suse TS et RomaeTOT, pag STS 2X at ude penn’ sgt ate trad ‘confort de 3 stele. te ot * “ae deals eo ete ues Buenselaviad la ecko varsitX arian at deo urs nba ‘caltativa, formati cu frecvenfe absolute. ™ Sc pose dite seria pac biden ea c tere lt apes cement f 0.6 repens ponderen purse arouse svind categoria confor de 3 ace din ola ua decane tie De asarnenen ae put exage see unidiensionsle marinle In rapt 1 ¥ ele connate, Ge xem pemiomk sl 5 a7 tar 44 7 -) pe eee) 1.82. Seia ttc de varie CConfonm define seria de varia eos vara une mimi tn tip, n Spas Sou de categorie at Ca armas contre om ‘vb de sr conologice (lab © vari ce mp), sr opt ‘tetova (auf bk variable sve). Cele al des one un. Sele cronlogee scl de pais ‘Serle de varie ala bad nn absolute velative Dap ni uz in al nine soot fc pate instore vel pce ‘heck ne! iim adn earl rrr reltie fa pate: letra feb de nena indice satis deren rela a ue ie Tndcetora de nivel (X) exe 9 tire. ce rfl vel um ‘eeomnn anual. De exerph procwtn erst produ, venta Populi, supra elas cx petal elt, tampa expr, Inport Difrene absolut a wnel maint (2) expen aera dntre ive cece gl sivell bavi de compsrfio al mirimit smal, Se {primi I acca untae do masa ip ere ete enifca! moment tealzat ine smticu cts modifi sss dean vel ant ‘diel atte wer (1 epi apr Ge ive cerca i nivel br de compra al mini anaiate, Ne art de ce fse mods aes mine, de une!Difrenes relaivd 0 nck mitsind (Ry) exp rponl ite ira absoh mii respective nivel bazd de compara sesh Ne al uct hau eid mines deta sve ake Indicator rela de nena (3) x dlinest capt sd ican de nivel de nar dirs atl aredl ce vipa ‘eoomenth cuanitet de indies eIasumdtor in Tan co feoomeal cunt de ncaa de i mmitoe, De ckeap: recaces difertlor cuts ha, denstatea pops, podicapinclr geen f Toewtor, tn gull ce Grewtatea specified (g) cect stuctrs fenomensisamlizt a pot ate ar X, de te sexi, Serie eronlagce Sera cronologic elle evo in inp une mii. alr varibi a fancied np ot i fisae Is ox anamit ‘momen de np ase eee nu interval de np Seria crootogicd de mone exe se de observa otdonale tn ‘ip, expend soc 7rebiciV, 1945), De exempl, role pores fumir de univer, Nini, inti, Sond fine, tame! skegog, Incepriderile mic mio din dete domeni cit, eos oe ‘saat turtle, Ino ast de sie nsumarea mans oo oe ent in panel de velere al confaulaetasts find pease de onset de cele se Seria eros’ de inerale ee 0 sre de observa orden a ‘inp cxpimind usur. De exempht tiscali, dinate teceee Ppowucfa difeteor cur saw prodise yest elu oder Industral, agrcol, export, ingot! ee. Ino sae de sare we on ‘nsunirea mtn ana Fe 0 serie croolpiet de momette seu de intervale ce rele volun ancl el att, rf lbewret = Pomind de cent seve se po dese sre formats cu irene volute, inde 3 diferente relate Tn fifi de tod! raporons sue vrai np tral de ma i epoca cu Bade (bua de compat rimine azeag) san cv nln Ul) (boa be ‘somparai se chin, fl wsdl on stent nivel cone ie seve cronolgie fem itera aban cba 28 ae tn ga i a8) ( a ap ae aimed Je he es sb a a a exh iS op co peo engines enraged ‘able fest contr tnd eer ache ca bre WB ‘hi dizeofle tte ca bars AS 2a HAR ssa ‘Set difrenfle seco cu bak ih 30 btn deren cbc Tan AP AP" = 1-1) YE-D 4 WO = KO —30-D = AF omni mie tial de a move a ail So expend i sett untate de ‘inti fenomee di Doct feoomenl analiza so exci valor, tue dite sbs ox rele pea De dicate ce vn opus ules minor live eps, ct dite elt Fi stile conologics formate inde! tit bc sk mt oye ik (149) a nw re) 0) 1° 29 e008) 0)indi static cat ola 0 pt pes aap om et egy etm) Ince so pr av roe eid: 1 cpa ncn i i pes se swine ae nec Bern pete MO) IS «om d 70070-0730" ‘tot te sak oat ne ‘bac i Jan: 7 2, 10D 9D pes 0 HED Indice sail meas de ee or ¢ mode foment nai, xmas cll fh css Ns ee is vo ca a de into wre cron fom (1.7) wept ‘ehabora seri formate cu: Wee Sion ate ua fink neupn pm fo 12 Tr) (0 Re a a) th) 2 _ yo-yo). 5 x0 Ge Ay = 100% 100%, ieee elie oe Lf toa wr gle oy op 00% 100% Dire elaine ath eo etd se mdi feo de msm: a aul. Aceae in, a cu incl aii, se flosete Dac sera coma anus, de rea (LT et de ier, se pte dd ers oan cu rates speci a6) ‘Greases pct rat pondecs eee gre fn total erik empl |e seria conooge de tle ce refets mmirl de saben de ‘vim perie ds Roman prc (990-9697, form AS. Rome 1998 Amaia evobjci acest fenomen se raizaat cat escort, andi, deren eb reuse (O22 2 4 sos 7) lo ~21a6 17a 5259 6127 19724 29947 s2a78) 5253 ~ ge aac it ost rl solve in al univers 98 fat de art ert 890, (eee to) {e-zine sore 3465 974 13997 9525 23631] 3165 ne th ut ft en ml absolve ar iver 799i de al iver 9192, ”fot 2 3 4 5 6 7) (Ut 0922 1064 1487 1218 1702 204 288) 1.187 ~ ne seat de co on a ereseet aud de absolve ‘wvatnnsupere in an 929 ate ana 89150, fot 2 3 4 5 6 7) Dom 1153 1116 1026 1397 L199 L412) 1.116 ~ ne aa de tte‘ a exesut mural de aba de inva speror in a 92098 fa de ana 9192, cate ein nin abe ne ue aa) 0 778% 64% IK7% 218% 702% 1018 1888 187% - ne art ca eit a th crest nun de aleni de ‘erdtimin superior an 9292 fat de va S30, irae eee ert : fsa eee wane SREB RD ore fo 1 2 3 4 s 6 7y "lasmm neon aise sat8 tales 41on timee a8) 2,88 re ara poste absolve dn al univenta 9293 din toa absoetio pend: 8980-807, 2 Comidectm seria comoogick ce ect vin muta de siden 10000 ecto (eA. Romie¥200. pe. 28). 04/98 9896 S157 s198 9199 99/200) "Un Tue “ty “to in am) Aen eo colt monet iat ‘atv do intense. fv mod asemanitor eu exemplal precast pot dc eit formate cu 1, Ryo BU cu Ba 2 Ait exemple de sat consogie avn I bz ndtv de sme som (1998 1906 1997 1998 1599) “Lao or op 63 as) roduc deg seer a ect (2, oe wm) 2835. 30521760 2964 2s6t_2776) en SESE er ws wx wm (2 2 me om oy Sera sais de pata (ertrials) Sein safitich de spain exe 0 consuctic slits ce ret iia i opi ue i ‘Sein de spatia pio ioral dnc ace mi ise, dao emo aba re come rie = compereior te rogue one Wnt Ocah cv apart Uni Exegesis spl s cia oto ml mtn So oe compari spf Oar inte ale mer, ine Giese eps inca Amor State a! Rome caple dine Slate tov Stain eration neal de Stet Teor” sat capris infirmati pid pope fora de aac, Condi do mune enor popula. chekutlc cosa! populate, Inui, assets social, Suis, vant cour spr cont tion, realite yi pefemnuje ale hireprinerion,, apical, visu ide, Wasyonar, po, leone sa, Ena Ft sts nachoal pe cel? rep Bucuret {barn ail de pts peat att ind abohte (editor de nivel ifr alnl), cit mink reve (ideator rl de innit, mse sti, rea rel ‘lesa ttc 2 deforma ues {ety sip aty © iy © ate) cas sene eer een ae eee aE EET EE EEeEP TET TET TTT STE TET TTT ET ATT ETEPTTTT ET TTT ET lecand de la seria deforma (1.15) s¢ pot dedice sere formate en mf & el) yi 2 perce A194 we ac ite ah ete al mie PIBRMocortn aera smpnen Now Ves i be Buca a 2. Atcexemple, esse din Amara Statist al Ronda dis 2000 aS gem ais gis cus) ‘ ye 00m , > Fg" x,(tat Dik Rams ih Rr Ut) Seeds format mis sb sree cleats dor Use 3a 60S ctr fe ae sete oe sas wail eens date made eva a autre, 1998 penoareoe de sex masclin: Bvemple: (veh Hreie Inia Nonep= Ronin Un) 1. esti de pia ce efit varia pe ein Prodsoli intra (oT) ‘eat egal oui” (rie, msn 1998 ch AS, l Romina pe. 78 [Peet Ago faa RSet Ried RV Mod Re ‘ta oj te 1998: : a ven Vest . GG) ago | x,t ella Btn Rois Sua Tc) 26807 12564 16585 V2 Ian 17205 15830. F169) O52 ad 39D Sep deduce sei formate ef Re calc a fi Go" Buearet) ate (@ G6 G6 6 4) 14,383 10540-12697 12096 -9,602 -11.267 -0.128)Probleme relate 1. Cucem oe atti? 2 Variable reed 3) Numi do nities, 1) Matjne eemenekor state, ©) Oost sao stot stain 4) careers grafic a amaze ©) O sorte ‘steal e ponents ape es Soi ol ek pete pulses Cre sunt ceri de clase stil stig? Petty ficare dia uonloarle popu sae, preci: unites State, volume popalti, vrai tats ef 9) Viet 1 12000 de studs de Ia Pcaee Je Stine ‘Economice gi Gestinnes Afaccribor, es Verna iis curt do sci ewer ©) Nomina de ange 100 define poder, 4 Cates pi pene pin 10 cle dit 2 a ums sabe de tums a ; 6 Pin da sec clan, pt conse ost 4) Frecveafe absohute cunmlate, . 3) Freeven reltes ©) Freee ht cunt, 8 Neva dint ale de a 7 (Ce indatr peta a za ul ei ceonoogice? Defers oh ate i th e modifi mine nia in prot a alas de lu tro at us a) dete, 5 Fats 26 Problems ‘Prous! incr bet (PI) a uni li a eres fy 2006 fa ce 2008 cu 19% gia seiaut i 2007 ah de 2006 cu 128. Ou et a modest proce PID 2007 if de 2008? Revove ePawe IN eu Agee > aOae faster i 2856 a 12.08 oy 52" i} 101 = (09886-1108 PIR ctu tn 2007 he 2008 144% 5 Problema? Prolite tut pe ior (PBVoe) ste de 26408 ta Fran 25306 m Spi, Determin {ct stem nro PB oc in ra fa de Spi? yc a sth ete mic PI in Spain etn Fran? (s2st0s (asian ") 9) Rie (fa thto0 + PIBGoc stem mare in Fran det Spaia co 23.73% ( 2s Rich Cite B10 -[ (Fey *) 1008 «1510 ect Fan 19,185 => PlMoceste a eh SpaProblea Salil hi Vaile este de 183) te, cu 389% smi ule det tral il, Caret salar he? Reza ASM a4 ns = (5-110 ripim RE 38 Tig tot =-aate st ens dar gine salvar 56g ‘slates stevie) > soar. ais 2083713 nse oar" Resa are 0 os : 7 = 10% 05 « HE gar s0.099.01 = 2.000 / R= prosa=33.000 EUR Apr = 1086 = 03 = EE yore. 5000.01 = 3300 BUR pree=s6s00 un ape a +03" 2090.43.00 = 6300 EUR ™ en 5. Petre dc 80 deferment da UsinenEaropens ay fs geile fai profil or de stv In tbl maou ate fice ev eumulte , came Proll et tea 7 o comaa | re (aca aro fps con) a ‘Sei seri Fora eevee bob Revobte: ‘Avind io vedere sera ar nbc cree eave comuat, eb ge eevee rete simple fr apo pict pode a voli de 80 de em Fore pede pot de cele: 1856 1856800 144 Ferme pe prota de gue: 08-189=12% a 12% 80096, Far por produ de te: 41% 30H > 146800» 88, 299 = 259-800 = 200, Ferme pene exec elo: 68-41% Ree per recap: 7765%=116—> 1156-800= 88, 1+ Ferme per reyes ib: 90%-779=13% mp 13%90 = 1, 1 Ferme pec rete air: 100-1105 = 108-800 = Renuka sei cereale legume fructe vite port of gin CT Se Poe Soo "te aes “eo ) »”Probleme propuse Probl Trani 2000, pout Slovene ts cde 2.09.41 lositoriu 50.00 al ect 2008 ye 000 ot re eet in 2010 Std ponder popula eae fet alata np ety aoa Popetica vet urntoure eve, cll ate mamerce Fervent dal cet rp, 2008 2009 2010) 0% 33% 40%) Proes 2. Peta ier serie demi, acti ei consi eile form eens date 2) Males prcipn plat cumptrdor etyan 5p de cea ium sperm wre (eash card bor demas Goo Sn a) 1) Ponder din roi ual ries ta Cereetre Dorval al aS 15-2 2-3 3-45 45-10) areca) Problema 3. ‘Crs valuta a dous mone none a va uanoarce medi Rama ea Wee wines pe paral uma t(ly ay dll IVY cata Slintecpretai modifica br fic Cons sei fore ca Indestori ont Protea Gi dt ong 0 ma arin ceva Renae! npn i el {itm feb. mar. ape. mal (GS on 33" a Ta) Problems Ui deport de mati de conte sh np cla a fe ior dno an (Y) 3d lor ON, Frome [Agee inte | hem me [ATW os a 2 5 7 a 7 3s [5 So ce) Cll terete elatve Sara vio ca 1) Exapt tte eile uiinennae posi ©) Peele magi dowd ser contionate, cael tote pte de Reeve pole Probe 6 Seis de mal os rth aloe Pon unk ate mee ‘te UosundEuvpene tn al 2009 (euro), Calcul ere pets esl serine opt, Romina Sno Ungaria Bulgaria gavin MulgriaStnaia Slovene) 112600" 18200, Problema. Te primele 7 sl sma 2000, rts nar inflata mito evolie~ 12,05, 05,013, 0,02, 01, Cate fo eatin) Taped sats?SISTEMATIZAREA $I PREZENTAREA SERHLOR STATISTICE 2.1, Obervareasatistich Observes saied contiuie prima tpl fn cade sti fenomenelor ecie,esonomice su deat mor ap in care se ele dnt statistic dese fenoeml sup eect, Ceretes fesomeneoe recive pesopane cnoapereapopulsi saisice i yederea uprindr sce el care acca Ta nivel acest, De ena acest! ete, Iran proces de cere stats, dpi cnates rear ee Incelelate fe Obuervressaisict presipune ieniomen, univer si Tepes, dup regu untae! pce mvc tins de vata saitice lite Ia untaile ein cae eat Format populia Mit in Sulore 1908, Pentru siguarea omer dete, rezlte din obverare, valde pine se impan eleva preci Tn pil ran, observers static Pesopune urmies 9 foregut nue mie de wh ttstin fen ce ilih an Yokin mire de mac. I al oie rand. pott ce | ferecaren opel viet atingd scope recite ce, Sut vaca fn raport cu care ee stad opel Varah satiice ce erence wey epiae ls ivel tel i in poli, Seu fe esata 9 prennte tres dn punt de vedere of sh Innes. Ina reese, tae sabe cei enee pont dtinitate covet a unr sats ear alstene poplin Sti hi! id, ‘ic orvarea i tresnea dlr et eat era ae peso ete ees en aceen se nize uneh metodo waar pee 8 gu ovectudines nce date tate Obirvare sisi, ca pio etaph itn stv de cece presapue: sparen tiie staice ire tie a Te wie #1 Ieee, ages varie alse cre ctatericazh cl ma ie popula ji cue lapené cbse wnat, inetsrorca star ‘ingen scopuhii ceretith sahtice pene reat ‘urastoacir robeme cao st agate © pega stich a cba esiitara popu upase observe ‘sfnzea wir statistic de otservat ‘pol fou unde va aves colette; ‘orem ober gre prtorioe de informatie replies peroaneior ce mech fk ober. Feces din acose probleme tree sh se acon inportana cure, nis fee dine ee concen preg clk ni conplth horrid reall cic depinde cortitgnen celle tape + Delimistes popalaied spate obsrvirit fath de ate populi sug co cae scat se all leg Se zee prin eines fete stile comin ce ctacterizecd popula sop sud Jr conse cae se impute cece doar & unt prt in opal, eto precizatcae spun Yr I unshis cover Hsp ater Ubigd ocr se scatcazs acesten din populate nial, atl Tact Jair cotctt poh erie la ive hep opal Deloies wniiloe satstice de bservat petupene carta mele peu e a0 da Toe confor. In moment crv tule ‘pect exact cae wnt une alii cet fepitat rapt oo hel estat Sables timpoli gi ¢ local unde va atea loc obserares ae pgowant din punt de vedere compari daleor reas din eva Nofnes det ones re nse du cep omental son pevoada acre ofr dale feist ng darth Momo sa periouds I ae ofr ti negate tie 8 fi ia concord cu nature femmencor create Ia cal i ete Gisrwes osupune Iveyitares Uo feomen fn mod tts tbe fii uo moment ent. Stace moment cre ste in vedere fisiee epeisauonisins i reguea unt datos ev fae! Ia tip. Deck fenoncoal de soit pesapne 0 tegitas ean, str hue pct peroada de ing eae ae le carat. De exempts, reconsialpopulis Ronnie in ant 2002 «ant co bmeat ec ora zo” dine 1 218 sre ia inp nists a fost 7 ae fn ext indicator care ua activates de pes, cre se ree uae rpisrte poste f hina thsi sau nul ‘Doser satten ttuse Genk itr tion Recensnal 6ops ar web ts ez de obi! ama nd iar pole SS elena compare ssa sre Agere omer cs prod! de in a are ed date cet pn nesta ibe, wei cts de a ane In popu of naps en ied petra te orca cl dn ow drs pret ipo seein ci one epidemics 9 locate fn calm are popula 0 veprezing§ ake ee) taco propre suce staic bui sbi varie stn cre urease sae popu de cont. Agree ‘fine vari sce tel cos co ntrs popeig ‘siesta eet sate inept, Vales ce fe pte fin" opt cnc tebe a angen pecs ie a txplicere fiena sau ross suds, ck pei prhera. feoclancascenrs nivel lg popula Prana shee tbo tcp on une de veae Akers ma ‘archi prea me st pea mie pose am caish cect sates cece sper popu anh. Stables ropernl observ prepre oconahae coc tenor, ee ied ect $action omen coda ‘Ageca purer e informa 8 408 fe de ylumul daudor ee umeua 9 eats Pu deem ped Supt mae pe eae Se Inepacad le dn tree er Trolens sei yi preg perk cae urea fe angen etape alse pn alsa ne enone Sar poe se dae Snare upbate. Un semenet, Ere Conti recent car oa ovat etl Cts lie oe ets vee fe apt vata poses ciscommice de stoic coal, ele te orenare lt pote pati de wre sacs 9 siete dn pope Dep cum sen th rapot gal de cprndere w popu conserate vm obra a getnrae pata ‘Otvervarea otalt permis epee, tn rport caries susie tor noe Eats dn pi pedo em me dens, ecard ies ama roan ewe lay. Gitta te eat con pes apr es de chervare etce fondice It mcrae cherie Teoma cen ese Jo Sterne flat 9 comitie resus popu, Aviat sede Sovergr utel somes bert fol Newline 6 Bae ae ce ae Cine ea =thestiomy, Peoancle or wines chetionste prinese chstonsu reipecti lpunrnd bev anes (serra static in apr proce fost ste de do elu sbervrea die terre indies, Obverared direc presipune 9 obervere nemo & unio di ein it va ot ect hr sealers pina comact det cu unaie state, fe rn mae, fe prin merger. dict oie sit persoane. Ace procsden permite jbseratoniht peceperes nel ¢ Knomcecar hate in st. ‘edorea mini nvelebrIeghtat de arable comidrat . ‘Obvrvren ndectdprespune un terra ae une care rmeszt is wpete observ g obervator nem poste 8 un 2) trees = 3 2 tdi kn ky pra {a cas coneet,valuea medi eis Fest acca cae s bine prin © scr ot) ra fe pin plea caer wai derma, © fees elas cer por Modatai de caeat a valor medi Media atoetict ‘Acs ete diatom cal nwt cal prt elowen edie 2 ne ser state, ja cum eal dn practice wai. ‘Se considers scum dooh seri statitice de rear ua rsdn | je abner cela din resvefe eative : x(i) eo A af : MilanAvtint ty vedse reapctare feed (3.0) © giscx” wrntoate expres decal! pa mea tei: ncaa ser de fore Ct sof Soom hm 66 Be +n azul silo de forma (3.5) se obfie Ber be une eat, prin defini, i rics ponder, expr a shot acventlor rele, respect on praia (36) reps, pin dei, expesa deca» mach stnetce pondrate pers 0 sere discret, une ponder sun isi ffecvenele abolte Np Nin Ne Pera cal piticiefcaefrcveree bene ent pale ae ai NeaNem oe Nene elaine ae (3.6) devine: 08 sepretennd meds arity un vepifi sree ou cle 2 Fe o srs de repanie, cae ae hy sao vai coin X reset 69 ack a camoute dense a) a variable X, ate, pin defi, medi tic ere eran mate) a ses, ntact Bop» [end a) Cum densates de pts fe) mw cana, scans 22 ‘evince hr Gece ioral Se rae Ca, pe opal Ss (even icra agin 8, reap prin L Aplicind relia de eaeal (2.9) se deduce expresin de cee & mie mete, di com urmear EQ) =M(X)=K aX = Jeroen SJ SL joa SA, Bates eae -£4 (sts Foland nti, OF =M(R) = BO) tle» epcin miloel intervals“, obit lic Sea 010 sRela (10) ne art cl ei attics a une Sr iterate se eoduce a tin arma ek set dsrte in care ebsle stmt ‘Sveursts pin lone terval de varie x(2 2) NM) cael mi stetik bfiems: Ms Ca urmaic, mia aimetict » une sect cae ae In ba © variabils ‘Mera coco foevens rete te nota ev Tn vedere neleger mn prof a calor prezzo mu ss, 6 ‘omsider, cel ce mes, Jou exemple conclude Bae So cope “Aagsjo unek soit comerile so dsb dup sla ora ‘uve conform armas ri de reparae cont x {\6-20 20-24 24-28 28-92 32-36 36-40 Uy "sw 6 4 2 J unde var X ete ext el (RON). Pet tern salt ‘rat sed pe anja se mcg a ransoreare see de trv ere dirt, ds cum ue Gomes 3) Sail modi determing att (3426 Ibe a.ee3s-tese 2 272 Prespmem cB ee accessed determina porters agonioe eowomict, dinran anon jada care au iregstnt perder 0h Tuwloriic chee Drlle vests de bate competene se feng no sealed de or: (Co us) ade sare | pent vail X corespuneacelor agen cate a inept pene banc corsdes. Media poedees) genre cpt a are ‘hegbtt pee se dermis fel 0.85041150 150 yen, a 1150 130s 159), $y 1080 “Geno Ie jotul contest, 15% din agoni economic cu capital de stato Ines pire n anol clears conser Propet ale medi aioe Prezettea clr ma representative popritt ale i srittce resin tora input de vere apical pace stra eat fl postulate de calc simplifies al acest dso. fn acest ‘Son preentn al propeet 1 Media aries a unei comtants ete ogaB) os conanta respect adc, dc ahaa ei seri ai vrai care eit © Sart sre, XC, ain! picid elt de cll vali me se ooene M(xXy=MC)=C=C oy 2 Malis prods dint ovr X io conta fet gal co prov dae mesa vrs X coast eects Mex) Dex gek Sahar kebMay Gy sde, am conser o si dcr for Pocvente eave. fn acl tod procedaz ln ez une sr de ecvens sok 2 Madaket sume dow sa mate vrs ete egal cu sa medio ses MOK 134 FR) = MOK) + MOR + MOG.) Petr sn igre series pnts alge a in, se denionsren aeeastt propieate peucu cal 2 doit Yarablo X, Y" Se conser @ opine creat roport cu sole dot variable X ql Y perce cimoage X si 7 si se imenjooert exkulree meded MOK + Y). Renae corse se dans forma tbs Tabetut x Se x x | tora Te | Nw Nae Ra Ra] Ne Pe Ny |W mf Na Na. Ne Me | Ns mL NN Nn ON N Ni TOTAL | Ny = Mon, : _ Sterna aor reo = Max Men aus) 4 Media produsal ar yrsbite do ete dou inkpemdeate exe acu podusl medio cer: MOK Xe RE MOR MOK cr in aceagi mnt ea gin cal propia trons, se va | demonstra acest propstte penta cal pati, cid r= 2. Vom ota “ale dout variable cu X Yori de seria bidesional dat a = alr voi tak et s BEeorm ta ein Dn ites Yu independent, dc pute ere Poni Y=y=POK=9) Fy - felon Joka ‘ele carta nln teereor devine:Gas) NaN Incuindsla 4.18) 88.17 oe PEaywew femdom, My, bt cele sae ca ect oe. sg evo cst to east sue haprive woe Se noteut ov WY, =E, unde deepens o alr en cae divi tate eevee stoke Semen or ae rete Whe hes edi tte Se Petr ase objne un mixin de ein din poet de vedere volume ‘Sallr mote writwation, ete nevis cao ah fle ales ep cel ma He (Medi rittic 9 no seri ent cui ft aon ii Zsa pear registehvariabila X, cate la baa si 8 — Acest bl nga eu in rea ir igi: eh SK = ¥ N, in, 7 Suma alee Hina sl ylrine el virile de In wc gat ent al. Porn’ de a ose aro are a az vara cant Xd orm Vihacr deat at writ emi") 629 a) rar uasform = Gaevind modi smectic (3.26) oie: sa Ths se cbse fe BU tf tot flo F-0 © ocr ceece afin nun ace opr {8° Proprttea 6 minitn a medi arimetie, 20 formelesz8 at M(K-¥) EMC =m) pie sgautun sume areas, a oka, JoM Xa ents elsle-2MCx-5,)=0 (2) cord | Yee, vier medio une sei saleulaé ox media imei fo sensu etc ost, ee cea at spropits de arb vlrion vrai,Pornind de a pines pa propriate medi ametie spot duce o sere de conscinfe le exo, fecvendnte calc Sats privad media, Present naest seas ator consece 2) Picnd medi sumed de 0 vrai X so coast Cs oie sua die esi vibe 9 const eset MX +6)= Mx) +e oy Acca propre oj ao particle &propriti 3 peta r= 2a ee Deck contin C reset egal, Met relia G19) tev Mx Mo =¢ ore 620) De unde em Moo ‘Aco it ela, 320, conduc a onc cone cela, acd trie nl voril canftnive cee sa descene co comsan Catia! ged i arab int rope san descr cu acs constant 1) Dock yl wel varie X vant smplicate cu 0 contr, stun di varied X dese deco mm ack in proqiaten 2°, constanta ete de forms 1A, aun ei 6.19 dere: af )=Lanon eee lade wank (£ 320 maner-n(2) 620 ©) Prine dou comsesins conduc I relat de cul split a ‘ndiedonloimedia snc. I cet sen, fe urmliowen tnsforeare ‘Supe vrai X on) unde C9 nt dos conte. Zum vrai rem. ‘ptcind opera mele ssp eles (32) sei Ma-7)=MO9 =C MIX) = M12) 4 waren(SSJave aan ue reli (3.2), conta frm decal simpifst 1 medic arnetice. Avamapl maxim pevied spares esl rei ae ‘hie seg pry constants C are de mile a a cre ae ln bad ‘rails, peat k valores cae rererita el mat mae ivzo out one diternplor -C. ona (3.23) se parclarizeaa dup cum si, care oe a a ara X, ete 0 See contrac crete lace sca esvente se: In cal wei ei constr fees abot, de orm sein a2 Formule (3:24) 9 (3.25 se aplifard frcvent ul demamiea fron de aol sip, petty datenearen medi arnt, th tal erie const indo cee slider,Peoria decline a mei arose. Se pespane 0 poultice este str in rport can teri € cantata clas P clase, Ci, Cy Gy At a ith “arable Xin apt cu care ene tet popula, se poate atin cao neler wrt cle? cae Tn vedere demons afr fcall mei sus se coniderk porlnisdnth, sacra opr eri Cf utr abel os douk aten2 GI [a 4 TOTAL x an a a Tie [Re ® Na Mu Be | oN x NM S| oN Tora |e ® x Modia rtmetc a ail X, ¥, se cabal conformeelai sea a acre din cae Pcl, we clelsatmedileamaicererpctive: Det mea ra state RTC Sion sede em) ADL Mt Mata MeO el Ma HE Nag hatte! Nels whinge ahaha total Met Ma eM carted Ca vemace 3 clr de su, et Ee ¥-¥7E sony Reomierin rept ot prvce a dst angler ene [> sexe comme a apr sil oe: [i620 20-24 24-28 28-32 32-36 36-40) eee ee nde aol able X st expr ed “Aolicind elas do ell mpiicat (324, unde C=260, ir koa, oki: g En, bee 7 a Ease) (ee) emit 2) 0a)2.Media aon Secondo sei deforma: iC cane seri ict de fora (3.27), tia moni ott cu Fs se eine pi: 628) amit formal medi armoizeponderate Dock pone sat egal eek, aek N=Na=.=NaoN, sums een (628) devine: -f 62) ee repress formula medi armonice simple ean une sr cre we la eho vr comind X, respect, A. rocedd ca a moti arte ete media monic eu Da 0x) $4 dex sere ioe nteralui", ¢=i,R Sin ast ca, dc ponte eel, se bfine relia de calel a mci mince sini, de format Proprleliile medi armonice 2 Ctevapropriett ale scestl indicator st aot eecesare fn vedere simplifea shim de ctl eeceaepet oinees vant = 1 Mesa armors este cprinas re cen tic cen mi mare lost aie! ees poplin cect hn 3K Shag “bn inegaltat exe eat i By, 2 Dick valoara moti ei sei avid la ed wih X a ost, lel eu indisovel "sia enon, sel, rt sects ator ie: repent rai detain Boia Kis Modiasrmonit « ui sun mse modi dacs ponder ce | asevin ty cakull sce idistor se sinpicd cm aceaq conta, ecu as evi simpicaren vor de calle bine dak Alege cell me dvr comer i wtrorponerior,c ene Sinptica este 4 Pent dou eri, care ta een vainbih Xd ore: Ww), Ica xis wrnstors reli de egnein amok spate ao frm wnsforal a mel aktmetis orl cpa roevot a acest sens = — ean, SN, (Co umare, act te cle du see de ponder mi Nexto refi de form (32), media ami exe emt cu matin artic empl "PA conser inertia din 5 ei we canoe productisie mot fea sete fie de eancor ct wa ‘Same tuto el eae th Datel din abl 3 rode at wen “rela ap sie . ‘rnin de cet be te coms urna sere (300 400350380 =) %[san000 450000 400,000 420.000 00.00 nd eee elias = Ny repezeatind msi de mito di cave 13, Coumure,valonea mie «sete si se pote ézeminn fohsind oti eons, dup com urns 2 YOO a165 yt Valoaea mate, satel jr, epesinh proctviten eto ive de epider, nt etoa cotidera sie pe 1) Se etioseurmiource date pnts un gr de Hr din Horops Ce oe tm 1 oT 139 110 oe ae [aan ISOS | Tozer rw | Sate 7 | tle: denstatea mati poplit ri7" Mefk); 1X,—mumna cua dn" be) Si x caulze demter medi 2 populiet pe ensambil ror sapuse ‘ost comsidectm denies medica grap de fica o medic artnet poet, pdr ind uml de or si ri spective, one Sa, =N by Secu uraatoarl date pets un gop de i din Europa Cena | ies tet | aonts_[ cas Sa afte aT _ «ioe guineas le dentatea mete popup ofa!) Si supa i (lan). Si se calles demetes mei a popula pe ausamblel io spuse ‘tev a 10 ot? Der comsidertm donsatca medica grupo de fica © medic aetmetick ert, ponenile fn soprase rir especie, been:La pnctek 3) 8) eon rent fre, Se pane pols cate dite ‘oe dou mati de cle ete erect Conf cetera ports, valosea moti tebui ew pct js, lope, re dost mimi In cao oostu dentate ete esate nial de eu pe anuambll flor copaerte rapt I etmn ‘pao or spats, One afl tok oan 4} Dx aver adspoale date ou pie 8 EME, Ee 5Ty, Ea +) Dat remia pore ie ce pie nt Papas Spa Ca uroare, calcul densi medi ca 0 medi arkneties ponte, one fin! rama eat ir regs esc Dick "rem a oxi mum de fcr ponder, vom putes doar pinto mei como ponder 3: Maa geometric Peso seo care ae tk taak varia crt, font eo freer absolute, media goowstsick not ca, saw X, ) ene defn prin expres aay Din (3.38), pers media geometics ponders expat cu eevee relives etc: Referer -(ts") “fle"-The ean ‘Da vrai, del ac series de varie contin ater de ‘all pent diveseevarante de mete geomet, sin varie o% ings wodiicse cS vabeile x, 1-17, se fractions ot mice jeerllor de vara, cle conform frre aoSitS, i2TR ass) Mean de rain superior 1) - r practics sats, privnd eau vail tit & une sei | gribwive unidineosionle, cei mai fecvent tia indicates samt media ‘inca media ron. E Eis too sti cl sern saith ore Baz © vat ale coe sept aerone hi? (4) wet ml 2 sonra de sei, dtc stot smneunde occur ewe tne se wu X,» corespunde cazuhai el xd indcaal mea pres, wt ct orcad voy Xs a pute 2 formed pra ete urgowe a ’ sw 5-5 636 \ Ey Forel de ck} (3:6) coresputde aru cl seta a a 0 arabia Xe conic eve tole Inco nae eee sre eve rete, re deck ety mea ptatedo : fr ee torn ee hd com wear “peruse forte vere abot: iF es) 83)San Ingato! seta de oni consi form ce ml generals, de aca putindese sage acl inlets de cleat peru afer vaor pesca date a. oman de a ela), pot diese var le Tecate: ne Se kel x = sole)” tein ‘Raportol ne yaoi me alent plo incator dite Se com see cae ae ba ai 4 eva et vive Dak meee ta ace wt po ato Rhea mat sout, me goer, ei ti, ed ltt ol ac sem & poe et atc Mie Ser de pala cr Inelafia e e eg a al ig vail Xe comune poe se ti ‘Duce recites an bib cr wegen 9 sept nose el vans epee cept eos PEs run ene po Sesto ono {Skat pene mediate a esp core srw ctr cal va ai «wes snes sti somes arab, Crt prs eer lt erm. 100 rin oesiea ula ine cre reat fdistorl ate tee Stan ese $3 ster pom crepe sl war i Valores melon, nota cu Mote een lore viii inv X cz ipa eatin dows pi ga apc : HM) =12 sou wea) = 4 » in =4 oan Cull vari: meine se face eiterett, days cam seria are bn eo vail dere cori, = Petra 0 repute dst, caval edie! mu pis probleme S Scctt nun vol nue desi Se considers o epanhicc eevee bsoate : xf" ened) ea) [Spelt lo ein nd cp pi | eum fps Sr . Seat aoe na pe [te bile eh pean te rin ta Erni st ma cn 1S aomany on E> ot ona pp et ng gs di ” BE ep pare hte bo ic etn Est muds zecinal a chal pre tered indict natal de wi i. oy oa bh Bas ohn posi etn unt, ge eis Essen ney quae iol sr a ru ao een 5 er naw so mun et daa abr mee 101Celene a acest ea ca mein emetic 9 acestor, Rea deel a ‘mods, acs cu, te an 2 Me as) Ponte © rpanite comin, elel valor meine press vericre egal (241) ca wrmare, webule caoseuth denotes de ‘epee ji): Deetiare ef) ple ue vor mare de eae ‘he din aces ty, cts race fe este aprons. Ace era te cole bso exis sprosimatvs de calcul a alorh meine, ere Feces ylum ribs de cle Ptr ates conser 0 epartii comtine apr x varia ve imervalele seray iT pot (de unglme egat sau noel (Cleats angi meiael va permite stbiliea intra Meares af Yalres ela, icv mort interval media, Se umask Fecrenele aoe in aproape in agroape pink ce este Tnlplinith neal: Uma frecvenfs Ns canal, ne permite sé indicim ineratul mean Deyr) Cause, Myf rh 3 delve poste soe: Mm ath, on se A, ste dita dents neous ere median x) pa Ta mun. Petra deteriares moss} ai ueue conse acaeh Determines dite 4, do ba finite deirdre ‘median pint In mand ap poate fen pte ck in itera median {feven abs dienbiie feopoiona cu hngimes inervalla, de ders M Gan) ne: INC) previ fovea awh cama pak a medians (rag sia Wa) point fcveoa seo comma fa ia nei a ‘airs edian cae a6 mai meg gi sma Fevereor interalelr remeron eval atin "alors scarce A, rem din gaan (348) apo NM-M (5 are cut a GA), porate sea forme aproxinative de ala a rene 8) NO) MHI) 5 sa) G49) Inrange uate nti ma set oon imi iterars Serva median N=Ny, —fseveg bio inervau modem 5-5 2hy, «Macnee median, fou proximal cle eine devin: NQ)-Nis4) 650) Aces expres de cle! mde ete fol el In ere sei comet format in feel lative, cy umatouce pei ,(M,) ~ represinth sum feeverfelor rtve le itera renege intra median: Ju,* ete snot peu Ny, reprezetin fcovenia ead a(Cu sexe nota rei ($0) devine: Full), Maat Ping proce exp anti, mince yn proce rai do ‘ele yal odin. Act ocd poate condi conte Sele ina do yl ls in al rior crea a be owas comin, ooo, nna eto nocearhpersiyaneres repartee proportional 3 freee interval medi, ct condi x epenetze ai a seit SS Tac cit rn exact pou fn acest sean se com plignal Chimay cresctra eri ie dice 0 parla ns Ox pan pl de frdoata /2N. Aimee pence de ieteseee a sect parle ce ign cml eee va vaourea meds ase respective. Proprit ae valor mediane In cele ce urmeans se vor prezetacteva din cele mai reprezettive prope le tls mediae, ewe sb permit o casei elt ma eile cet ara sb spec pliattii practi, TF Viloes si «ul st ete cxprins ft a at mic 3 cea msi me lara vr cr st baa Aceatspropritte ete Insist in dein da parame, dares poste rea spend serie de sajoit mbt B fein de ele! 3.5). 1 Yaluren median’ a une srt sa 98 mdifich dh revere aboot s split caress valor (Be obs, cl mt mars vant Soni}, Dermaheal prop eae din Tomas de cle 4 ‘alr ndine (2.0), Unto apo NINE) care apre fn expresia de eale a meaner iavariaut fa simplifies fecrenilor abhi ct seetgi value ca sma mi nected niin 3 Propricaende nin ere o epi lve neha xe se pe eka ck etre toi parameti care iervin in eratrizare see Fepectve, diana ee acer I cde cr valor indie le rice [deta sca seit eat cel ma pin das ace ae sea tn alan {holith, Aces propette eae conocido propriate Je ‘harm an do ropezaiativiate» mote Tn vedeeu demons ass Poort se conse ovaloare reals, oneat unr anti es) = Denmsraes pop etait ete echivalenti cu @ ac valoaea ibid e acs func se ange pono =, Pick a pacar denonsz, so poate pesune cs al tre do vo consecutive x eral vale X. Avan in veer defn mate poste Soe As)-[Zto-d.aLo-xa] 4 ‘Gastea punt unde fancy) fi atinge vloaes inna, espn gl ace vale esr cre sale prime det nace ewe: Ea EaBn Din uti eae se dete: Sa-tn,! BeaENa ge 1c nsec inal acest fei aang pin =, Aces prot, contr vali medians eats de jaca rl ke valve mdi. Veouea malans poste ribs vata tab I ‘onde eare aceasta din ur ma pate Relelith, Debit, pnt Seri core a Io bd 0 varhbillX contin, for mera de vr pale unt deschise gma dspunem de infra peru a. pate‘uci, cals vali mit neat psi ca fa care mea va a wel ‘Yalourca medians pedo ele evant i compere cu valoarea nein Ines ses sans cuva dae acest om! de calcul ee mal res, Soarce, th cll acestin m. intervin at aon veal ‘st este op sfecetcde vl extremeale vasa coe {cot po aor de asa de mil stuf tn care medi ‘ee al representa. CCatote ste sna toy medians ms poate compensa anal aon Soni Mediona mm ur de anu propia ee aoa mei com Tr ein net sue de vara, propetstea de fine. Vabarca medic Copunul sink part care scat i evden exo despre o pul sisi add apart cu © vars X, chet mothe oe isle Brome A a xno id ah mei wc ev pie cv aes mse pst ee septic ire sas sma pon ol Seance pm ures (1@-20 s-20 20-2 0-0 s0-s 3, Nets eee es ogee nae vl varie sant apimate fn dolar Pra tip incall wee! consti calcul angus, dt Lr eissiseoet4 2) =25 amin feveacle eccesiy pont oe valores cbf depen angu,reh S iervll carer conine medina ete (240-200). ind ‘orb de oper ce rel br o vara contin, median se determin ‘confonn rea 0) Ni) -M) 11402 ao r40e Be asiss Cs erred apg soit especie cig cl mnt 2511118 pecan jaca el pi 251,178 ty pesoae tn cre = 106 4 co obserare. Relevant acest seus, pe a uitorea serie Fomiith avid vere median: .000-25401 0% S211 40g 000 ore consivis epatitia color dow aot din popelsia angisitor | gxieateesecive 43, Valore mods ‘Vulouea odals Mj) 2 une epuci epesns aeea aloe a rai cela notepad even ea ml ae. Acet pret Se | ob womeye mee, valoare dominant sau modi Se ncleaz cM : Mod de cae 8) Pn serie repair, at su forma: : afm) asp : Us fy hm Sed u lores mall se cote dct dia sere fad novo de no check {formalde cal Ie cal acest tip dee alone awl va sce ‘pose abel X petra cae fewest cea mal mare 1) Ponts se de esi gone. expect os) mu poste f determina dec. Imecasl clrla i coesunde | fesse on ms ese mete intra dl Waco dat Sk respon ct terval eset sy ‘Se tor prem dows snd de call 9 dae, una cue se means pe aproninates east de probable fe) deve hag a vel Incas de veri Cite modal steele dowd ere cee Se | iveciea), or cealakd met permite gisiea nei formule de ext ‘rossi ie dace se hae pe pcp pati wire 9 | even de-a ng iatavall modalPrimauetodh de clu» mdse presypne etmats denen de probs), Oda sk fs) ylearea mol va fon ala 4h Petcare x egisezs valor asin ‘Accs meodl se bass pe ponies aprox eos ts) dss nguleeor 3 erate recite oyun sed pro de oa: fis) =aP whee unde, ib st we parame o webs determina Se repent asic ‘er, dor penta cle einer, (pia istgrana) dup com uae wimaen cer wel parame ge ve fe ulated aro, conform crea spats mantle arcu Be ero an Ox 9 eee doa Terpeodicalre Fate fa paetele de be ry spa lor tet Arpunghit care fomears Hogan serie des lngl elo tt ev ST fe egal, Respectzea scent confit condor la worl sien de flee +e ce fort +orsehen 655) seven ick seria ete do interval oie, Un cle eet de neyo definite Fr fei olson, ransom egal (3.53) tran iste init de exit m sews a. Be Revolvind cet stems ft estimate rec re par (5 Fea Dicrsinuns: mod imple prea pmsl per cae fe) ge snl Acest pac a fhe mal se cake in com riv=o oss) eclvind cut (3:4), sola actin x = M, repre valores modal dst al ae oe pumice condi: FM) <0 ass) sax meth de cea 3 move se bozeeh pe sopertzres wife feevenfi dean lingo ierkt modal Prespunénd ch Jakeveil 5 ee nevi dah smote schens gra a Monn dy 658) le $2 mote cx A, diana necunosctt de a Unit ineiarh a itensithit modal pint In ral. Gisirea necimosoel 8, se fice in iratowes egal de agate f-4: os ‘ec semnifcsrpatares wnifor x fevensor de- lng itrslaa oda! Pen simple xprestor we ino usta nai Bahay Sab oer ‘ensuites (3.57 come es 659)Prine cea snp, in 58), eau urine expreie de cle peat 8, A ver are nbc (3.55, cmc rm de elu proxi a md: 69) Die fic wt uy, sn lai 59) vine: ie Many, ow as yr ea an, {repost ifort» neva dal 3 reprints cifereals date fesvent terval moa forester precedent: Tepe een die ffsven interval dal ‘cron nerve utr, (ye “repens gine sera oda A 0 steps sgt ae ml cra a sae Ea So 2 eg la cae eee es trash io a oie aa ar tle Aen cont ced oe mame Cl a eas oe a me anaes aca al oop Fe ee tn tite ot Sorel ees en cannes amare tate en eu wore te 2 ae eae force Cea Taree ciety eae) sat F pat wort Se seat tap ee a eran uo yale pat fos are sn sbckate cle ne conver “Tekin, oct de vir pind tnmporl o conan mines. al {Sica seam _ SNe vanes modal ce et ce alasen me, tn poste © sins ct vere mate se ac deo mn ar reper, Ds, A i,=X, tnd sama ef valores medank ew oe inert de vale extn ale aii 6 ponte afi ck medina fers ogra repressive meds len medi, Reconsferim empl priv dicbuis angajior ane soit overlain rare sata iat 160-200 200-240 240-280 280~320 320-36) 60- a0 7 fw 6 4 2

0.75 ‘ze ce nua pene 75% din soitile comarca practi nada ome cues eral! (409,80). Pet Ses exempt se poe ‘omidea chadaos comercial Madi ete desl de repeal pens popu comidrat 13.2, Porameti arial aprt eu valores median ‘Aya com 6 mu) pect, atusi cind dia mative obits ‘nerve gisele see wut deci, valour: mae nepali fi ‘exkulad, ylatea median jack rol valoot medi lw acest snp, ea de {HE sf cal valor edi Hebe analiza nce mura valores ean pose sa my reprezenl sera AME spas, Uebue cacterzat rad de Feprecenttvente a volt median. In net sex, sunt uli unosor arate tere nega “tere nerds = ttre neg ice din parmethi de mai sus permit cratescren gril de ‘eps valor mestae, tt Sub Sr aac telat, | __Abutereainterquaria, prin defi, ete maa setts sig | seq M0, 91s ~B epet exp 7 ise on cits abt ie mdi, jn pss nas, de a modi, cele 50% ‘ovate vara capes ne Q 3 Qs ona eli a acest detor no ch Qe 0 Z 109% 22 te oy 2-0. é u, se mame cfc de vara iergurt 9 art cut abt a mle el medina (Coser egals cu 10), alone vavae rege frie cle 30% din wail populjit cueing inte Qt Os Ca ste, se preci chImprgiere nailer eal popuic studi ete tt Ba ee, apr cu vara de stu, cet been Inrgua ae sol 121) sree 3.12) ete mal mare Aces param ofr 0 imagine rut el coelndnt prvi pad | Soropreratitate. Partsearch permite caraceevareh. | gad de epreentavae 4 ator median pers 80% dn popu {ops st slewe twogsrens valor pnt varia raport Co care fst stud, cise tate deca nig dela tous. Abate nese Yerwtezi co D areas pe PDaMeMeND BD. erry epezntd formu abso pararetu ‘Ror aboeca ied D fa median iain 100 se obtine fon eats w acest parame neat oD: p= =D, = Pr rH a0) [ee se ml rumete coin de sara ierdeile. Ass coin fobsour dienes tn mede a clr 80% din wai pope ah de | bare met (chive ca 160) serve compar re feperntivite valor masane ees petr dette srEvident el gal de reprezentivie a mean este ov alt ma rare eit abtre interes ato) sau relat) este mal mick Ta fener gral de repeventtviate a valor median se caactezert Sol ater erg er cau pater cad R=2, vector de strstr f= (ff © it pete nun sister de sxe restangalare XOY, eae Aboteren interquantits, & M8 ee et pan bt, eta M8 as lr fom i den se tine 7 to-go : — ‘ M, Lmgimes segmentulsi O17, not x [se caloulen8 conform elf: (ue abteeaerqunied eta ‘slores meant es na representa bv Pin dee, nto sain caR dimension w-(Ee | pct ao veo ovo seston. [| pote cakwlat ponte 0 sere de repre Do etincricl ceouze tm expen ade cael mt erin | ure vr 1 Tem sao pone salty none vera 8 | Sr psi o conn min, Gok oar aie: pope oh aa io singh cla eevee 87 a eae Glee ch steele reve vor fdr ce ema, tm cal ul { fecmct eaxin, men vi Sern pesto concenre mii erie matin ac bce somepne Aes Renta wei mez, fete cup ieee se xpi ate: 34. Parametet concent ech Ia bara wel sei se fll ovr mum carter stich concerti vbr sale Ba jul aoc te reizewa fh priepal cu tora paametrlor ace tari. Ip faeul incre fs gern ae a bard arise tame, ceuterarea Snes concent sor varied we poste alia pri: “angina vector tors * ener oraonall, ~enropi inreaonal refer care emotes ctf vconlformit a feoene rele Fifa rfo SD cu Mostra oa rote sok: WM, By Mo Ma)et Pst AS deeper omen eps veo expec sta co facet In pe rv ws cat prc, cu pve a areieea gradu consents cselezs [fy dak 1] ste propia de 1 tc se apane ct pop respect cee cracterizat de gad in de concentra Wp este arora dO tne se pune eh popula especis este caret de concer eb ie ers informational ‘Aces pani a fos intodue de Acad, Oct Oncesc, Prin defini: ede nde sa gota cx E eneria formant. Tn cu nei pope “Ruste dun grad de concen mim, exit oes ca va ava crn elt ul eee vor eeu fees relative 0 ca Rann eek pop est arate de onset ism tne: vie te va) secharct Teest Forme relat a acest paras, motto Ess dese ast 1 oss Referer a popula 5, ai fn rapt co vali X, ve eaelea By dct: , se opie de sant popula repestvt ete cacti de i gr alt do concen se apople de 0, poplin ead se cascterinae pit9 atropa informational Peat ose e eens rate, tpi ination wa on dehene aa ™ Jn cat uel concets nnine,entropininfomatonal tneptrea 0 vores mat dor a anr{int). ea) Peat 0 concentrate masini, exp lformaionlt tregitreset 0 ‘alore minins, dene . Mobiats(R=1}0-nL 90 (hog roi infoeninl veri uoarea negate blForm reli entrpil inormoionae, ott eu Hse detent conform ‘wa ele peal Saw woo RMS int-O Wk” wR unde ees OSH, <1 Pent 0 sete carecae 4 cleats My 5 dup cum acne valour se rope ti mult de O sau ce / se preci pre! de coneniue Curba Lorenz Cut Loven ete representa graf, ales fits petra a ‘isa disenia vonturoe. Pree ospodsrilor spare pe ana On at [ocsul ventuut pe axa Oy. Poot de astmenee a fe utizt fet Tina aver stl de seri ml eoonoig con af. ont sur a ing soe ‘Cutt Lorenz aa prose) din vent vot dein dex di ospodis, Petry fecir poret de pe cith we poste Tae o afraid Ee 20% din ttl espodiir reales 0% din veh tt ‘ean epee 0 sient pts ak venti a faces ete Heese enous we sr ren. Ath ah ea exc de dea J {ne of pete ay. fr conta, 0 siete pret ines a cea Inca sagt enol diet venta acts cr, cuba efi © 0 pure carer Ma repcty = 00 lad = 10 ie fp uly). Coeficiente GINI ete 0 masurt daperii cel mai ase Find fore pon israeli en ania vendor shu ¢ Tunis Exe dein ca apo cate val Ite gh: stort Ste repezetat de aa cupeinst ee eon Len seb dep ei 6 dtibue ules, ar mortal arn de sb drapes diel frsen: Rp ore fn occsthreprezentre grafic coeficewus inh poten fice ‘urmitorele precint pe a onbolls consdeemn ansamst popu (2) pe aa etal venta (eat, Pin wae, cube ney” ‘1 "Yeo ts eclagifo, mai exact acolo unde Of din poplic ‘ealassat OF din vein ir, respctv unde sega popula rele2 OOS din vente i, Iglaten spe bp stag «eae, unde rocena iii exe mt mite dot procentlveturor pe cae aeyin Flin ope exemplu 10% din popu ine 5% dn oa venta, In parten dete cb fs se ober el veoiurlecese mai repede ect mel advice le rie ‘0 alone sckt» octet Gini indi o distrib relay gok venti san bunt, Valoacea 0 corespunde une egai fect care invid avénd exact acl veih a valerea I deotd © ‘nce pret ( singurd pesoud reaieu teg vent Coefietl ins maar ral de galt ive ver, ‘ind jms diferente mi rae dite venti twaror pearl. Mirne coefelenl aaa ate ete partea din vena tora eae a ei reduc ar drs opin ods gah a vertu, Mode cat ‘Confit Gin exe dest an rapt a elie de pe dspam ‘ues Lone. Dich nothn ev aia dnt despa repeating egalatea pelos cna Lotte, respective Baia desu cuba Lore, ane ] cocficieutul Gini (G) este G=MMA+B), Dar AvB = 0,5. atunci © Gralas-P ane {cml nae cat Lote ee ez de fia sehr poste in ora G-1-2- [ux fn we ci academe pa fap yee 2 cle cov Gin fk fe eee diet nc Laver. Been eae © perp veh ty le yale a oa rsctor(y, <4 L[ [Beco ont dneta) "a i no form simple, scat elie apr subform 100, 2 Sror-22, aan pte 12 volun populie sant oon seein vent soni sw pes“ "et nce de peat dre 0), a = sxe (y<,) 48, }¢ Ome PeoG..+5) ae ade 5, 70) 9) 86: + nna ote Grea junit dn tees mee el ‘ito pow tern ba fermi eas seen Dt mie rest mt point ke ashal mee mc Pentru ao egantion aleator S, format din valorie », i=, ilexate cresctor Shert-ihy, ya )stnisties = | natn] SO mi = ‘ste etmator consistent penta coe Gi, dar a ee, a gener redept us‘Uneor imregn cat Lorenz ste ncunsscard i sine dle de lew aor, Ie anomie tera. Tp acest ee, coe Gini poste ‘proximate vee tea! pens iterpolsea vate get de pe ‘ube Lorenz. Dae (X,,¥) sua peetecunseue de pe cubs Loree, %iordomeenseitor(K,, 0, ane Y> My sien mae valoaten modal ete Sat a nga mei, coa ce imprint dist © asbreme pein aa dedicat) conor wren FeGan, 2 -fepoiat aleu X sa mick ca eae det 2, eprot voile Xa masa eal este X Pty 0s serch, alts 127 6 ptech pnt epee Sfogrt ntrr iran soe sual vowed, Ie a Be res cae no wth scene ter el ro eae co at al no fous supinte pal Ge since woe sain wee, eas Ecc forms grat de le Sent A 2 4 | pow ili incor (XX) oma rei esl io on mw ¥ x 7 fous de Per po demic de cll dean finer 3.dack «<0, atunci X 0, Ame oe Cociciewal de asin xi ean a ofeh 0 imagine tema MEMES va outa ch portal me aboror sel te coca piv a oa de sie ue! sri, vn er Shewes eee al me eet mma sro sel ns ch te cca sau hut exnple te ee T= M9 om sein mee Arye een ase pas stench Coc defini smash 0 sede ee smeih de sm : Sere, ded M(H) <0. Asana {bactlr trun eps ite vole nei ene opus sate D4 eee eres eee Cel efi aban be, Acos pee st [ol pn dee vaonen ei eel Gee 7 150 os ioasimetr ogi Deoarece coefieal de sinee a tui Fer se lolz ce ajtorl moment cetat de erin al wee, see ete it sensi dt cot! Peron. Dy pst 0 see ro) ‘aks medi wen ts pen ecard stoning ¢ Wom)-(M- a) Bus (=m }eU-@) om cere reese ce ater ules br. te fe cstcon nme grin fve “tp Deck ¢ = 0s spec et ‘She irate, ach > © ea presi o sine onli a dock {Sis petal one nega, ‘rasa parame oth oman pun eae ass trad desi a ne rh 452, Paramer bot Apress ole nei sei ete wilt tn carrie grat de reprezetntvate 3 vl medic pentru compare erent x ‘Gok sua ie vakort edit ee epi weit dies. Panera {xX} 68 0 cascteizate oumerict sub form abwolutt a gradual de bole © ei ae Sb forma reli, geal de okie se mane cu ara pole 2 okra Injlege seria ttt unc sev se consider dou sei ‘eats ee aa ville XY. =F: 0 =9; Mai presepe a pil, cele dout iit form de elope pata Cece rea y+ adil dnb sun abot, Dop ar pea cele cou ev maui cane doSsbeas, tous repress e gre rea ous ee deo 6.29) uae gail kX ete ra al, ita clelate mei pt. Co wma, se © vers cl exe do orl my suk cavacterzate de exes bore. Bolen tector ete wilt portry a dao carteezare mal exci eprezettia fabs medi. In cam examplulut preaenst mai us, att medsle cit tre moi patic sat egal ea wma, coeteleatl de vie al fern et alg pet cele does eri Dest ea cb sme alo ie prea scclat ga do oprevetatvite Cu tone acest, gael ‘Blordout scl contri conclaen dest fn rma comers sor Jt ‘refi de wat Values ee cen ma repre ein ein ‘ore cle mal me unit ale populsi eteate a egret vr a ppt de vaoarea ede, Peara 0 ate de sere, patie (a de ‘ploren mend mic, gaia re © fort maui in cal eri ‘pil plat scart sil ‘Novell Bois pent o sve oaecare dnt = sour cv stra : ut By a cir exprese de call este dat de relia (3.13) Vator a 8 po ote oral este egal cu 3. Peru rie a | cut corenporatnre une er date prints ut cpl, apt fre mometal cena de ordinal ptr pra omental cea Je ‘len! al ole, exe ts some det de, urbe respect find a ee ma ph det curb noma al Gas TS Compacts pad de bole al use see once pga de bole A eoporan al Gass, Fer Subile urpxowe exprese de calc al ‘reftenuh Eo oe 08,fexpresie camoscutt nets de spcaiate sub demmies de exer of Urmttoaree cara sunt seenieatie cu prvi Ia apes ich By 0 atch By ~3) aun aria ncaa pesnth aces Boe va ‘ur normale xcs xt = ich > (de ty > 3) ate ies corespzstoar ciel espetive ste am ss det ab normals er eet). + tact By = 0 (aed By 3) ste oles coespnastonre ei pete stems pls (ni fm yl ga) ect nba tonmsls Gerke pias ‘Asner blir jos an ool sins i crater formed ‘oe sti abate de separ, Castor! praetor prezents poate ‘mca seva epost pote eprenantata de yale sa die ee toi Vesti fv eanatingle 1. Cre sunt para tedifl eae? 2 Psi toot modal dere «structive poplar pcre econ 1) Un pruncr ast ©) Unprain eni cestr, 4) Ungra, 4. Cam pte compare gad! de moyen a i wttor pope ‘5, Proceuieletnart poplin 2 4, 10 sau 10 de par eae? {6 Ceara are forma dss ure pop? 11. Proza medal de compares a repezettvi ma eur sei % Cae ete dies dite pol de corcie si cafe! de coreg? ‘Vere dae gue este comensur de o) Varin explic, A ©) Vaan recl, Amplitude Probleme relate Problema Sn spas obuerv populist comer concreti n abel de st joe Vaile dup cara fos stata popu sm Xi jel oats) see ssi principal Xsan snr) cae deter activate, Xs cap sei X1— ea de fee Xs— profit ._proent in apt socal er so vind eet secer: 1 st camera seria ce redh separa unio din poplaie dup ‘abel X08 Xe 2 determina iret prunets tenn centrale pest seas tere: wales medi, albarea mol cea medio 4, Shia sate epocatti al modi for abot 9 ‘china; 4. Sls attics presenti vr meine (forma bs fireites 5, nti ses & wr popult, raport cw ase varibils (eed vloren ndian, ve quarile qn pre Se strate) 6 hale compart a grid de comsentene web din opal, naar on ele dou variable nlee dew 1 shale satis a ost bli epati 1 colo lo met espe disper, villdnd Formal de cle ‘Smplict2, Bananite! cnt Ye ame] — OT See] eam) Se] a ——- gf | EET | sees asa Fg spac 199429 -6445:4460:5¢72-3495°3_ ia — ef — ase Sat Tow pe cil ppiae 3% “38s |" ucoregl | wie | 4.0580025 [11 361.823, 4 = 4286 mle ‘ue efron |—Aorkess| “ritmo OW] ek cdo voce comerile din eatin av aves at capt S| aa tana“ so se a | Phi eet im aparece Sour cot ae we SSL ESS ales [ guts — core Soot nds een ie Oma “Saal —tmceo| Simian] “eRe ee tet ae —S Se} atte enter] siuaas| rose | Seas eo - at ate | rn | na | 20cm) tao — ea nat ca ses msl Cokin ans nee Sees ES es |e] sue t-27) mr tn ‘rt ae “aie | eomsiet—staee ob : 33] — fas eaniogi| fora — ois] asl 4 Risa [snarl] Hau | CE) | HCO or | M7 Reaper lcs nice ete vata teal Se] cay anaes Stan |e [sxc nope cringe nce {an} el [-coategT teens | 30m | sa [are or ao : 3: (sa| Sumner eet tae | ‘hia [agenda | “eeetaas | nea ise] Ee WB MEI errr 306 60m, > A Sis Ais ales Semis | ta ‘ ‘tag{-Sesuss| tne] Sea —“"of ea 4 os Mena 2s [89 tae | agent | asses] oo] z iar] eit | Testa | aa we] Di jt din ceil come mo apt cms ic de 3.7 Se to ies [prunes] tite aitew| et @ a] Es a ern patie da mene mei maces 7 Le aes] es Se coast a] ; {09-89 7-100) Resolve: . j som 50m 7 : A829 B30 1-9 9-69) 0) e-m) Brame atl ees) 6 4 s 3 3 . cor Aceh venient ep aor da repute is een Xe op sce. Ste 9 sete abu ‘ets comin pe abn dest ere ab2 a5 Bw aos ii * # ma (56; 88; 2,513.05 19519 = 86 2M 6 Donde My (054 eee fat py gl, a oss 617 mts Povey Deci, cole mi mute sociel comer au capital scl a jue de 17 (dao mah 9 sock) jaca ml M, My — po ~SG-EIn we" 5-55 out amar SY 2609-4 1449 a5 5 atts 43 (07-a3) 7293 M0 Deoarce digas ete deta de mar, nema ci valet tee est rsreprecataid aces fate ae arate un apopat es) CCopithl socal al fects socket comercial se abu fe medie de Ta (Spl scl meds de 43 mec 27 | Dsoaece Vs = 625% >30%, etc poets ete del de trogen, jar vnlorea aie cca shi sete pre erent 4. een rene vem nevoie de 2 eneficien: sat 22 sete 90. My=37 mie Cobain ull Q 48 a= «[epLp roach yng MDM), oe: 2, mizing iniar terval care ea May eer cult pid bi 1, even ct pn x, 1 fevenaintervaelor nat se af Qs 19750 618 iki i o-050 7% 250 dn soe comes spall social £1.89 et lar 78% dn soci eomersi eu capa soil >183 tld Qe? o-[Pr]-[}e]-2= aeta-60) (MOM) gas BE 75% in sci comercial c cepa social $6.42 mld {ar 25% din soit oul cu cpl a 42 L664 miei Ate iterate vor |e; IS a mitts 22. 99 ne |$5810- mish 908 din socket comercial capa social 85 miei {ar 108 ie sckaiecomseiale ov aia soil 8,5 mi Alster inerdeie vor f DD, $51 T5 mls aes 851 so0«10148 > Altea vtasslor prt capi saci dine Dy 4. Dy det aoc mein deci pty 80% dip popu ste de 375 mle (medians {ie pres represents pate) 5; Analins atic sacri pontich tai. sear vom coma seria aii ce ae bs ak nditorl even eliasOk hee Oe OR, ar ve 100% a 30m 260" 10% a 208 aor sv 100% 1% aed6e" sar 00% o om anor) 30" 10% Apelor 10% aoe ser 10% % 10% wae 052.7) 22047) asians) 496.269) 516985) 2678.50.) % eee Bi-37) B7-s3) 53-69) [69-85) | so 4 ae s-39) [7-109 x finds gr. sere, trmsp. const: (tt rm. eg informafionali: By, = BHI 9663 ‘Sle 8, SESE HEABS9 9 9105 (conetae dest demic) nt Bag, = PS —O6 open (conser ai) om 00 6 Popa prea o concetar i er frp viele (ep sal) de varia (emma de Sia), 7 bint eM) esi in a Peon x, <2 mith Yass lk. CaP Guay on ue at st ah eee nee ule] 22220 BT SOI 44 58:54999-9615°9 99g te a . S06 876 oescenpge eae snes por fh & (PICT Cat ax ag set PN 6 4 5, SL9+A7HG+ NOME 44184 5113960106053 3 uly.) swa6s 10065 sue stems pul bole det repaid fn eges moral, ootece fe <0 Se 193~\=-L0) sepa sce Cae stent of valor: medi = .280 mites Constr seria jor milonclrinteraeoe: (is 29 3 a 12 a9 lo 6 4 5 3 3} seg = 6.4 aaa 21012) wily 6 4 saa) 3.9-2-6-44346 27 30 3” 1 1s F-16+61=-1138-16 61 ~61~18128 = 4287 mld Coll sitio arom of, =a af )-(x, ~}99 nore set gy of, =18°-413-(6286-6i =1057-329=728 alr’): Movada asa decal vrinti: atGxs IMC E fe) 19 S06 24 arn Seon aK sh) 2299841812028 447 199 88 ao 0c) 2 ss cies rote 2 Th unr de 32 6 cade diate au efectut 0h Hear co rk dous nome. Dasibotascestra teapot eu slain de Iced mira gamed eens exe i eee |oeetof amr eo apa a | Reootae: notte N minal omer gi § slr exit fn miioane Ie obsindpropraicen “ia produsah a dout varabile ese egal ct ‘rd modi” se caleuze vent medi bint eum cn dati Stan respect. Pea a fob: propriate moi ss emaal este neces ck cok out varie implicate 8 iN a fe independents. Aceta ro iad dia dsb dimensional dah ‘Tiete ita ck M(S)-MN}= MSN) mr 162 2 S2BHS68164N668 1856 og Mo) 7 Ess sass6r64oaho(s2456e6e64) _4-29248.292 msm = 282 aa a FIBA a pats aS MGS): MIN) = 18 58= 8,7 mie. On cau diet a primi a medic pe fares 87 mae Proto 3. ‘Cuucujtem wntiowea dissibue a S2 de soci comercial cu secls eof de aviute, In rapt cu varabiele X ~ ehotuele cu lietes (ala ¥ Yoh vase (le, Q[ealem[om[ra [coozeoy [> 7 a eat ss ee sore 1) tse verifice regula deadunare a varanelor 2} Ince propare whimal sinaninr depinde de chetuitile ce rte ez yy SDT 90.19 280g Tn ewe 0S): 4 (es 1840-5071 0 gy 76 Voge BOMES0347.2 710 yp yp acts aaa r, 30-2450-10470-7 _ 1050 y 30.2450-105-70.7 20 Prev Sa7 is 8Area, (137-7F 194 (s525-F) 199 (0-7-4 Vor = Bevis 15 (55.26. 019 (60-50) 14 bs 1260-50) os o;, = (0-337) 14450-31999 -3400-31F-2 iy Ths, Wb aa = (00-426) 2+ (0-526 10+(00-552677 yp Telde7 ai, S820) 1 (0 -e-54(70-607-8 5914 “aos Tse Sa * nan’ ?* Yon Delos Ina8.19n617-y 157464 216K DEINE gay Scots Gig tin 251.54 29932-16619 2 Far 100% «10 = 25%. 109% 36.4% or 7 2615 . Yona ‘carte depinte ia propane de 364% de chee ew blastn propor de 63,5 ce i ato: Problema 4 ‘Un pos» fst tnet stan ge 13 pee e cee pie prods 4 fo props a pret dlr (P), venture comsartonr (V) find cle este Pe ecu pias e4inegstnt uh anunit vel 4 cere CC, Renate find sintizate abel de mi jon, tera 2) cree wedi: 5) avons pvt vail “cn ) cut sate th medi eer de I pat a 6) Cuca st se abe in mele crete de opin ak, (ie Cone (Ce) | Vea ewy tsa Td | a 2a ss Ee oo] Ios ‘0 80 0 3 10 —| 16. i TiS 330 140 38 a a “Be 320 cH 7 Tat] [70 Ob. Rego deem in mod amos gent ceeate sail, Revol: 2) Corea medie Fete: ase ve $8812 1205 9074 3 Bree 1) Varta of se calles conform dine Sew, {iret serinpreznt eevee abwotate egal (¥, = 1.1= 173), 50 ues uae expres dealt ail©) 0. = oF = {TRA =S6r0m = cote se sate In edie de I 6 pint baa oo 367 a Agron mie pitas exprinats sub foes eae, pin itemedi ‘oefetenh de wai enon ete (c)=-%¢-100% = 352.1095 = 39.59% ev(ch<$5-108 = 252 cee abe In medic i 39,95 deo pig a ha Problema ‘Reperthin anginiloe e-0 sociate come tn raport cu slat ‘oa (eprinl ne ste acters prin woe ser {20-70 roo No-vn sna 1-10 10-4) oe 143, 196 8 a 2 ) ‘Ss determi 5) bares das 5) valsrea md ©) wre rte voile dete mm exes es exempa Dy, Dy Ds valor cee (vom tea suesempt Ci, 30 1) Prins eap calcu median o com cakull ng, dup cam e425) ears = (9541431196 68 LUmsitoara cpt contin dtrintes tena median. Tnomdod frcovence suns pk ce wpe oils dope angu, =z 8 ‘eral ate a come medians et [S40.980), TSs1434196= 4142275 > M,€ 0-980) Tn fine, wine caps eto ca i ae se deter valare mesa’ Find verte de ovnerecae ae [a fs 0 Sabi continu, sana se fine on ei May, Nn sy, lita inferioe interven li) coven absolut nmap a medians angul median Nfs} > ocvesa absolut uaa pnt antral aia: Ny, ecverf abso imran 4, agi interalaat medion i, =840 + 75=218. 049 40 “Ts Agar, jamatte dave nga socket respective cigh cel mut 88071 fet celad jr cltig cel putin $80.71 lei In peroade I care 8 Feat observer, Relevant facet seas este werioeren sei, consi evad In ‘dere means, ea conte repre cel doa ir Popa saesitor: (s-si0m sen -100 50% sos 1) Gaels vars mee presipne i primar sien intra ‘mos (itera ca eorespode ecm Ge mit mse) Fret ema mat te 195 sex uma, ral mole [840 8), Theol so optic lia decal valor mode yg, tii nero a tra el 2, dere dite oven neva moda eevee precedes 2 teata te ferent teva i 96-148 Te 1a8) 195-59) Pn rt cl cel ma mb gi soli com epective ns art ju 81 T oa 9 Reeve irae 4, (080-40) 404 ost) Pon caus yar quae se determina mal Teanga Fie 0 4 > ne ss0 ney a ES [ - 4 Inert er ie a pecteretco mtorr etn} St (7084s nea gut i Tensenns Oc tm-m0) ' «pou ues ce Gy erable ec abl mean isaowy " metecemerd ey 15413 +196: 4221S >, =, 6 1840-980) petro ep 8 H23-E EK cate egestas gut : raubeBecaeaa ve ape fins cons call vb quale dupa umitoaea sel . 3 Mle) Mbad 4 Fa, pai sat nce qu 1io,)- a uri teva doh curt pt into tr, I. freve atid itera qui iq tngines era gute, a 25% ire agi oc cps cel mal 71.19 et Ort 8. (440-700) = 76119 ei, sea ce sc m % <5. 25% tnt anji scien sala epi tae 761,19 lg 071 215~218 14 928 (5040) = 88071 0, = 4404 B25 2180-440) =07898 = 25% lowe nga soles aw un salar cupin te 850.71 gh ‘71888 ei Ma ptem spe si cd 25% dine angaal soca eggs cl 9788 ‘Relevant in acest sens exe umatoaes serie constr avd te dere vite: ea ase 880771 28% 30071-97893 97893-1400) 23% 25% SP nd coat ang oom ie omnes ESncp new mers rg ot Sass: 1-3 ots, 50 ra 7 ass Pua fear dee D,, sda ara deez, con ei N41 8041 2 -ESEN we ass Tse1=2185165 | = Dye (0-MO TS49 196414 95 =D, 140-980 not sc cake cei corepchoue dk el: MO, Fe ” le D,={860~700) Dyers, + Bande 5 2, init inion ieee dei Ds lo, ) rang des Dy ly, =e st coma ater de ys mNp, ovens sot iar ded Dy 3 fo, gies itera deci Dy 23804522. 0) 6067 iL > 10% dhs angst ign cel wu 662.67 lei reapectiv 90% dinms am Soom sional 4 = 70157.) 7011 ‘ 250% dave msl it el mu 84,1, op TOK ds Sammi cian att : (D, = 840+ 585=218 (gp 940) ~959.29 ei 3 , = En 0) 9592914 4 + 10% dite engaei cigs cel ua 959.29 fe, respetiv 305 dite nga ein cel pop 99929 ‘Cakeulul centilelor: 4 SoReal ea : = ; orem. =36 8519; 76a ; Secu areal cpu okt 3 NaN N ee ESM, pa 4 we sa1Hi96=410>319 Gu 80-980 4 Brlesbeccsaaes Ce Inflate capo, ] Mee ne ; Goa MeO ie : cq =0 MAI yyy) -n23 4 5S die engi soit gigs eel mult 912,14 Ki, respect ‘2 ine ang elgtigh cel pin 912, ] 6 240 AA @ (1120-580) =988.24 | => 76% dite angst wc cid cel uit 988.24 Ke respect tre ange cel pu 988,28 le. Problem. Tn ye i incurs de dervoae s- snciat vale de PCa {000 de suri in aa 209, Reon ute edt jo: 25 56 35, 0, 25 59 2) Cabal vaca medic x vinzitor neni ania 1) Est repcenativawloarea medi pent cle i? 5) Deeg medal median, erin: 3) Avnd t veer tle mu su sbtematzt cre stati, so reveal er atte sip 7 ast 4008 Hos In ck ge fi ames a vin me 0.9 PCa 1600 de 12 Revcentvinea me fbn Cn dea . ae (evevy- 2x 100 = LE x 100 = 3459 Mov?) ~ (MV) }*= 1820-4033" = 1935 258450 4 3524 408 +268 + 598 br) 40425 459 Gxt find mai me de 30%, aban mo ae 0 eprezet ate seth pet populist ©) Aas vain one eescSoare: 25,25, 5,40, 5% 9, “Mo =25 in cole mimi fir mvc 25 de ui a 1000 oe 208 Me= (354026375 ~n 0% ite iu vn sub 37,8 PCa a 0 eto ar es ee pote 7, PC 1DProblem 7. ‘Sie date do mals preci 1. eit 1 pens aprons di stajnea Bors nn anu acs an (aie 175, 14, 198, 210, 10, 98,115, 1, 1278 1 mil de trig ez nr arare in ace pens 190, 100, 150,100, 134,50 147, 109, £10 135, Secor: ) Pete eer i, cleus mia gral st repoventatvate: 1) Mod medina ecru gr pats ©) Adaugted 10 (a) a vel ese! pens, cm s va rife ventl mesic? Resale: ‘Av fn vedere ch eo srt temic ta ei aii, se saaplic prime stonsice ample 2 Venta enon mein al clo 10 yeas! erotic a ost de 143500 ena Represnaiats nalizez8 cet de varia at even x 100 1435 - vst yyy pene as ee Mas 2220037 ~ 2099225 YTS = 4038 = $28 «100 = 28.12% <30% = ventl medi ee repezeraiv of eM 162545 = even: err popula nai, = 1b) Modal este pret cae at ef rajiatea,Deoarce no ‘ere ms ep, Mo mu exit ear flere medi, vase wbuie arate odie 98 00,12, 14,15, 185, 125,178, 198,210 Median afi mis cee do ak din ilo (pnt cb aver un rir pi Ge wii aioe sine Me = (11S + 135)2 = 125 ~ 50% 6 ac porsiv wn avr vet sub 125.00 amu, a eae SO, peste 125 00 ©) O poplars mali wimetice pune ot dic ste ui varaile reso constant str media mo wri obiate a cee esta cota, cca ce seat cl nous mee va 435 + 10= 153, 1 Nua dea 2) Wem vest 1) Incest ire dt alban 150s reel de or ia valoarea de 100 serepet de ori —> Mo 100 coe na male pensun a czat 100 de gt nna amare waves a Meier ene Problem 8 See cl peat o ditt aponimai sia been incu tereints 27 natn prt, Dac 0% dre ‘alt sunt copie Ia interval 5 ~ 175, modal este 1, ar coeeera Ue veri ls Peas exe de 1,2, care et none coef de ‘snarl Peas? Rezohare: 209 0 296 92-125 = 1875 tar, Q= BB wm ENE 325 vo = 103% = = ME = 182 Probleme propa Probleme Tn vedere sur sts actule pe pas acuior,s fomat un creo operat de olu 40 2c paren rapt ca pee mula) our lo-t6 16-22 22-28 24-34 34-40) (4 5 wm 6)Seca 3) pro medio. 1) pret nest de cole ra mite ein in extn; 13) Kestyee care dvs easton indus pele {represen pe ei BSP Secutae coc cabs fn media pret vet stint in panto de pel me (pointe quartiles se studleze severe aftr tn por cu prea Probie 2 “i st reatiza 40 de prose ta cdl unl ier ‘cea ma Kant propre pera Be scovenia Goud se de Reprod resize tm apo cy costae (mi) din ‘Se do sect a nt Sef oot [tosis | eta | et ‘ios | z o r sea [3 5 3 zi sie i 3 7 ‘sos 3 7 3 Frond propictaten confor ciria “matin mel ¢ dou varie ee Epa sua tediior seer, nla costal med pe pO, Problema 3. "Dust 10 de angi ia ei rama de ctiate dite, fn rapt a slr priest: ® : ® xm | & ees | 6 esaleaT 75-40] 6 sie es o-78— 7 ws: $5701 5. e465 [10 7 cr =) Polos popricten de ada «medi acetic, se cele ‘Suri med pe agai. ty Inca ite cele tei onme slrial ei este cel mai repre ‘angi cel mal omg dati? ve ©) Cantera asc frm di anor ba apo ‘slr ina ‘meen “ Problema 4 © fs are 20 6 ngs Tao eet, seta api te Se 1K ala Fin! pope panera, ‘Eerie saul ip on 8 cotentl vara as Problema 5. epoca ri cg fg _de valoarea achiziilor diotr-o lund (¥) gi de tipo lor CX). " “ % [Peas Ap cut | Agee co | AWE face Jatcmninew | decane. | Sie sum y o-m_[ 3 : ir B= 1000] 1 ca = a oon [7 er = 7 oon th00 | 3 30 a z 2 aes ya man a D lar dic 4 pipe ora abso ee eo data . = «Dep vce sci dept eerab Problema 6. ‘Ctactezat grat de concenuate coos camosctnd repariia agrtanentelo ditan apex de aeige p iplhgrsonie 50, Sprtamente cI cane 79, aputaneste cu camere~ 150, aparanente GS cance“ guna ence 7, apatane SaneProblema 7. TsCly. Napoca st 6 univ deat Un aga Prefect (Caeser afl venta mi pe net pit de ezte vest laity nora legate de ese 6 univers fn fora de Capitotal 4 ANALIZA LEGATURILOR DINTRE VAR ABILE In capitol precedent an ist prezetate motde statistie de alii ae evilr urafinetoml in capzoi def ne proponem aborares enor ood sinites carters ud erlor multsimensoe. Seopa Gevora ete de 2 slntica q wa events legates cee se pot ‘Mentos ie doul eu mal take verse. Ne pot inferes: exsiea Ket ieneatenccecin, forms fereionas a lepsursparanr Universitas | Subveio made 7 zo 2 0 3 20 ot 230 5 20 é 30 L fepresnuivices el prising feomeral corstat ProblatcsTegtelor ‘ie vale ext foarte cret fh eeonopse. Spano el sla feu angajt este fn fine de prsuctvesen rnc ale, veciows Ta Front esponsilses avi sl, sau ceeren it-an prods ete Im cfc de peo produn, vont consenery, ec. De Geer dat, itn tora cconomic, ft gh spc se alae expresa “eae ere." In realtteneeqmomicd ns, accuse Tune mde di, mu Se enous tele ems poled de xo bast de date. Acct problems fe esate a une onc ie problese cole e fac abet acest spi Peary 1 pica ators sail legitrir dite varie clef ein tu primal dd dsc exists ou legit te varie state fia fur Feoomencle pe eae scsea fe fprecitt) eae ese nara sesora Pte clasificsegtriedne variable ate 1. Lestaca nel. Semi is niche gtr ne dou sa i make frome st varie cate cteniesTenomensk. De exempl, © ltd mls we manifest indpnea una anga slr acess fae pour nor rt lu att vet rol mints Do anc eer ntti, sone ck ne du varie X gi Y exit o est ul fsa a ext tr, dak cx) =O, 2. Letra determin. Spunco cb te varie Xi Yes 0 leg dermis act uel lt corespnse ones valore Nir Aste de leet e itl tn special I fie, ede de exempla "ec ese eel on nts Imprints ret egal cw Ines fala cu aeelerpar Perea Aslet dexceple exis In Conon, unde rte proliul eae eg ov profiel piri la eit de Seer 1p =a/CA- 10%. Leptn ee dermis pares abil tute pafect detent de cele dat: 48 CA. Ail pa © anmith wo st“Toa sca rgumensic ma us eps nu ste cu cn sop de tau sh mal mul efor et pent a atrage aenia at aspre opti prclenaich asa capil, carga mod de tzare & Serf attic ce unaaaa a Mexpos, po Ian mod mecene, cpl © ‘Sith ees su egtr cu tern economic. Variable endogene,exogene st rerdoae ost kegtuibe © guns esomene irvine mute pe de vail, dt rol ject de ele fh fun cteexpiciea eter Vail ef, cea pe ete dri © aplicim fin immedi ator factor w name vara ndogend (ex pict Su dependent) bin 80 otc Factor deine (GE cutie, arable prin cae expen femal so wamose Sarah exogene (sav exces fcrnate). Obi se mm e0 YoXieXe Vaile crea infbens supa fevomenal creat, a ernie! endogens, dic cae mu pot idetifate san cnn, se {opens sl foe el vanabile edule, nt ou 2 entfcarea vaio exicatve fn sopul sd wtuente Jor | wipe colt dependoue so tuzeai pe cmogincle sexys ‘specs in domenil cect dar pe metode stistice specifi. fn ‘nome majoristes kgiirbor tice vrai sunt cunoste pia de “eon economic, Tot fesare.sttaje economics conse. poste Presipane 0 al imeaseac a epturi 0ath inte’ 2 Fc fcr opm vata endogene In ae car, dependenle terete mos fone, ol thu idee pe aza obsarvirilfenomenelor studi ‘Accse omese vor tb fst urmite in timp peers vein dacs ‘ptr est una conncturall san fin un anim canis eco. Th nc de stu eonet foc doen st er algae ‘ersilelor expletives poate roceds in ow dur 2) toduceresstcesiva a variable tn model (nti), era Ineapat oe seg varie presse a cele mi sernifeative ‘act fenomendl cores mu ete sfiiem de bie expe de Sess ea ne varie pr ices et Tei ‘atfickowre, 1) Phimiansocesiv a varitillor ie made. Dack facia care nine tote vara expe (oa poteil expat) ‘Ste prea accel, poate roo I o pte di ele, care st dovotse neoemtak, act expliod op ict pote din enomeateeret Alger unin sa alicia din metode paste depinde gi de scopul erctth Spl sad eee ne ade pecs vara de expats te pose ges nce vate explicate. Alegerea aes Ts, poate sh Fe comfort debut loat eat ts prio extn re area mir or. In aca ina mune nave de variate expiaiveexpck Valor a profi go amma vio a cite de afc ma pute cveg = ecto sing vote atl pit 2. LepAtura statistic. Se ani mame oct Sau prota "te pa de ptr el mal des Hee tile soe det g hy conomie, Hecr vabri3 8vaibilel X 8 corepunde o data de ‘lor le vasa ¥. Matti stl de lage ex au for, y= f(s) + ne am ott pri & component alesoare real, doa sj ropes iY celal factor dst X. Del wr pten spe rn Iuaren m consdere 8 tition ctor care fnfuteart ible leprae iincc detent, th sale econonlce vo tna groupe fotdeaton un mumie foarte mare de factor, cae ms pO fh ‘eae cunts in toaliaten for Al facia care expt pe Y are doul componente: uns determin, fy) coped ‘arable caniebe de cre depado¥, guna akatoure €, cupid ‘aie ce mum pu cts Soil Faturlor date varie 2 dezvlat fro dip yc, mil ceomamar Tn capkoll def a ne popuner de dese Ireducew ty ‘necast roblematet, i s aos elmente de inerea Satie specie acer lu. ele Ge une yom reer itors Sspece kgute de vase eoomenelerepremtte de aceon. probe Sait de nitra party stati uaa, et fd splash ‘coneraleronon, TL Nateraprobublist a lepitur. Ace mars ae 8 unnre un amune grad de nesetemicare, corte dace fo cl Aerie a over dre arise. Nedeteriatea paral editors aan fecionbr cae deters us atunie fexomen. Mecausoul proach Economic este ales dose de comps, resapunind existe ‘uri rte mae do factor de at considerate, Sos cazale pot Advab af compte cata uel Feonsen depizind land ede 08 ‘ceuzh De anemones lepturpot fat untoce et 9 inivoe, dou ‘arable pti ft acelin cane eft. De male ot cis eo fconmich pout cies stun, mecannn formal eer de exe find explica pn pref ven fn ale cxzat as, in ps ne toi enente nest amt domenia me poste ep prin instrument seit, [ar dct enue osze fre oe adeveree pin efestare observe, ‘sensu jsicre ecm erat ek, Aceasth dom ale Pte tou! percloat dacs explain corres mete ps, Saree in pus ce vere aston poate ene 0 corel peter te dou variable aparet aii o lagi Steele, dooaece ve reslnaes prin intertil une ata vara, cae poate B ean coma elas oat wa, 183‘bine ua fenone, dt fice nde mai complica, mi di de ‘uli, Scopl exe dec iene wa mod mal inp ‘oustfce et ma mat vi expen ML Mutdeainiariaten, Aya. cum a moi peesat, unt pine 0 vaitilt dexpica Yi clleve virile’ expicaive Ay XooXye Acesen din aa reba 98 fi independent eee, dar torent cu varia dependent focal a care cons et nde ‘pare vom de muliclinarie. Neha tn considera w nen Ace seo de esi diet de wlrare «mick. De exenph pete st cam so mdi Tn mia une wre factors ‘ara X,, I cone care cece rn constants, Corn die ‘km permite mndifcares ui fi modifica clas Tn aces fe ma putea simula prin fincio © sours snate prin nice, wlrioe Yernbieor factor 9 stl inpoctls aesor model ape eet ogee. hina sulicolinfi se foe prin enarjes tual varie Ing cae eats coi. Poem proce se, Soars pile ta informaticonjina ceca exstnd de stemenen in ee pare ‘vial amas. No tebe eae tt clninre,deuree doce ho ‘ai roast specifies varians expe, TV. Misurareavarlaillor. Varies di adel eve existe Image fel net st permet mn goat ors cher, este tila. Este vor at de wate de mur, 9) ora nce son cxprinote. No sue rice stile mate exe prefrthtirea Aierenfr rate uote, «ino, stor, exper, ee "Vs Modal matemate Ete 0 tp eae ui nd fe daph stabiieavatbleloe din modi net fn maorten nue ten nomic et cen ears ne fuzz fom elt, Lamhe si ‘pre nocpal ca relia inte fet eins ear, ict, pone, ec, su dip frie comput. Ermer she th ‘xenpin foci CobDodsls, Tengu Pipe fn car Ia exe tal Telit matemtie neste recat, ant ol ovine ferment stat Cea rui simpi ett o costs uizarea gai aot pe ‘vio a fone! Tepuri.Tots, conchae opine pe bern tnetodlor stasico-mtertce tei covet cu tia econpmic, perc pry nage adeteoe conelal pipe, datorte nor vale cmjinetra ale ‘atu, cu uno forte mre a astro ida ‘Vi Caliateadatlor Duss 2 ft dsp ist ao de asemenea 0 ate Inport, Calta post a asaears pte deterors ‘erate model, cio arms parcrger eee a etaelor constr Un aspect al cali) dtl i repent umd de obser | sextet sorties culegeri eri for. O Kei va fc ott _ ib o t ss bares po taa de date mat ngortana. Ne pte yor menace Con roar an peu agen dint fancier expt ene de vr puri ur cad sau par th fuel de vee virile opi ectonii ea visa, profes, venice, dict sai are be ain tec pie atl persoane ‘Un at aspect seprenietomogeniaten popalilsupse ti (cy et popula ete at emogen, cu at se Inet pone vain - plate po bara aclorglvarcbl, Pent pools our eterogene hved beled Inglis scesors tm clr 9h conass Smt ey Recwe cla. Tear (et cel i dex at nce date provi dan rato ete mrt tries terete pet princi fe eae nm ce fetes Incengs poplin! scelay exempt de a me pm Feri ecole pts ae rv nes cit das te Slgombe eres mae singe spent Vs as Yn Aliza legit ite varias une reparis mukisnensonale resupne ordarea vrata poms cae so pt ctu heap © Getebue pucisen denerel stste noc: 1! Organiare rentatelo oserask popula! sav epaiaull In ‘pon cael estate 2. Analisi existe 5. Anais ssi ers leurs «graf de woe ‘ce vial observe: Formulrea unor iote ou pvire ts forma merch @ sega 5. imac pram fui de grsie {Ales epenotviag faci de regres Aceste pe pot pacar intra su pol tn fai matra seat ae ae or pe ese Ais) det rinele re, deoareve postitiie de prelate wnt ma ‘se. In shin, toate cee gaseeope pot parce i xl varibeor44, Orgunirarearezultatelor observ ‘raport cu variable eretae populate su esationstal Tn scope Fermi cus lvl pope ay canton, teakaele olnenini vor & shlematzate feo md Somemaill peer ko Se preted de obec! o- Tomi telat a ‘pve, cts poste ger uel et de cu peau etapel urns, Prin ele femuchcu pula vale pe care leat cps variable. “ebell4t wae [= x T z Be : Be fa | te ke N | | Py ‘Aceats form de promis ote wn primed. Evident dat ‘ecstiie oe di etapele urna o ce, tle pf prseiae Sake fone abel sau pais comvensbl alse 42, Anal attic a etenfl eat stil anaial existent lepturil vom fobs ait elemente de atti do aborue capo atasoare, cum a abel pace, rg pezumett (Coedeiem) specie aceti capo. Deowee. pez prculr itinte, vom abot spark prbiematia saeaprotsi Sci dep varie 421 Anais existe legtar pent variate cattaive ‘Un prim insrument ce ne th demo ete tabla de coe, vm abel eu dos ie, apc epuiiebdiensoal. Mosul de ‘onstrated abel se connate dee see static. 186 ‘beta 42 ¥ afale|« a, | tour y | Re [Me We We 2 om ®, Wy me | Ma | Ne We Na | Me | Na | Aa Ms Ma | Ne roa | on, | We ™ a © prt gent asp exif sav inex et ne este -famicatt db metodo pur deserve, cu bul tafe de corte 3 = ori de puaste soo. Urmii dak ecole absoite N, tu vals ‘squopite nt abe cn care ms ent epi re vail XY, | ne rora de puncte asc preva 0 veparizare omogestn pete pe Adonmul de ako al varabietor Das feevnele eran dap ata in digo sa o cut ouccre stern eisten oe eat orl de pincte act prea gupize a punter dupa o amma formi (0 feapd suo cult), Cue ol de puncte ete mt grap tn pte ‘totaal a lexis et eg Metodsle deicopie aminite ane sunt Inedite sl wjor de sta, da ot stabil lar exter ea existe re lear. Peat ‘et, 8 vor foe de metode oto, dm ave cea at lat ese 1° Dol cum yor veda, aeast fiizext doar teevenele a informe ‘mei ident, pny vai canta, exsenfa ior namerice erate ole sr netode ao ia cont de scot. “Mets const in ecif necompars ecvenele absolute oberate eu cole teortie coespunsioare cami care 0 eXGtE gu [eceniele tcoce se vor cles isin ape! Inter peabubeaor ‘Asolo ut or Vl, eral sracura poppet fo valle X iY. Conserim 1, tile cx insipia (fj). Dack ceinertele X =, 98 Ym ndpendente, ptr sere: Poe Map wat y= moray P= 9) =e 87voting Fpl tir er oo einen, Pema (set eee ee Sm br find eu ee or ‘Span ce clever Fe it Sap Sova ssh omni ca Nt i co Mon < ate st eee stoke rice Oi des ie eve healer al vee seer corpo a's oem te pa oe Dac ne ‘cram xn et ee Sci tm rs et ae ere oa at tr es pe mt kal Supe aie eck a el mye Ge eng ese Spe At at en it oy (Ny= Ma) a tmnt = Viste N Na Me Ne Naty ara load meio ets, fae 2° =0. Dipotv, cu eit ocvenfleempie died ma mol de ste teotetie, ati 7” vuoi ma a ‘Cae conc, sinsingsm cele dou cae: 1) Dick 2" 0 munis gtr inte varie 2) Dash 7° >>0 eit gtr te varie Th stsicadesriped ne mii doar ta joes ealttes xox wonepintea co 20. Tn eda fess, pen a gaan to ADU ‘rbabltate existe lpatur, 7° ebuie 8 depen i amit pra. ‘Asta ne ete dat de satis nfrenilprin legen de probate ‘Aste sesh! eee too rab cs = (1—IKJ 1 grade de erate Vor compar det Yalorea cacti hi 7 cal tbat act 2"> yy Pom fens te de eve p cei leit ince vc 9. Vales abel pv cp we pag pesto care abu weed ues enc a 2” pei accept co suit probebzate existe legit. Cet rac de exosre dar exe mst = ssc cu a8 "pagu” va fmt exgemt, aes 7, v2 ave lore mat Pocedeal pevelat ator ne permite ideatiicars extent leprae dou vat, dar ge testi ete Toa, pormind | Getnel se pot cons cote car te peri 9 aprecire Exes Teta ag cams ya dean seca ums. ‘bsempn Dine soviet comercial crate Base de Bal cue an extras un non de snot Sse stare exten enn lea dre ‘hice in apo ear fet ober X= menial de netveae Mei iY “real near weit Taare [Francie] Ate] Toa y ‘Banc _| Dome Me | 3 7 7 (ir Megi_| —i0 z 16 Mae [2 5 7 ‘Tos! | is = ne ‘Aven satel dutibnia enpuics (observa) a soci i rapt ew ele ‘oat varie, Iediestol de Inte srs ent ecw bso Ny=3 Neal =I Na-2 Ny=2 Nos Dedocem fectenfeleabolte tore, coregpunztoae ca eae ma evs eater ee varaSoto hab for abel seas ear woes | canine, hence ce afore mumeved at de Fever ct de © Sse varabieor XO] taken Fist] Ave] Tor a “Aes com veut cp etre, das punem oo ear y Baneat_| Dome F sitinersoal, puter deasonpune vara toa vara de expat Y Me | aa [39 Ta Foam a vara ctrte varie expletive X gf rsp clo Meiis_[ 7.06: S18_| 16] flor als Mare [3.00 226 8 =0hq +7 Toul [15 i ‘ag mw erat gtr, ack X ou ae ico infest Y, rele condone F7X soe Hi idemic, iar dipesa Yor vo oa Cobol distant dine cle dou tbe ae ™ Pen eine doce oul de devastation esp 1) ack of, =9 1 exit leprae arise G=4s97 | d-2.9) 0-335) as 2m 356 (1 M0~706 , (2-376 sash 2) Dach of, 90 exis git ite varie station infernal flex in caval it 3* va eb face ap! lei de potubilias, petu stabil 0 valoare cae tee Tos 316 Siw eid petra aaa cuo ani probabil existent legit _B=BOM , 5165) , 0-226 gy 3 ” Be Ea YF ——_ 43 Antica statistich a intenstitil lephturit sau a gradu de asociere (7 >>0 deci xi etd he varie ive de eption = eae eee Por «vers dic leptusexiett wl el de popu, fcem spel avai abel esti de pobabite 2 Cag cal exis! pt ori preci» intensit whe fa3, 028-15 7 porte tae pba tbh de core fn nora de pence. Co et 123,123, 93 B-1G-0=4 rn 4 recente nt ac sun ma gropete jul una dn siagonace abel Pert 925% » = 949 Fe empla tau puncte nora sunt a grat jor oe fn ci a 2 > 25 dest ok rie do eroare de 5% acceplim ersten eps es tl nerd In con ce privete malo cana de apt sk dod vrai SF spree, st mt ai preie Pe pot ofr wrk mimeo ale panty pol , 23, = B28 Fens san gradu ge asciere Aceste mete sn th di Ta ae Fess de pel variable ge cea Te vor bord separa 27>, feck ty He de erate de 1% accept exseme epturite ole dood varie 4 §—42L Gradul de asocire se intensien legturit dre variable a calave 422 Analon titi aevisene legtari pen varias canta a. a Pr vrai callie pfeil noioen de red de Testl 2° preceta n vena poset pst uct yeni sole deoarece soefisenststizert. medul do. asociere «stor studio existe! Feel eae sarcblelecontatne. "Ton, wzsa maf Saraboe g Becvenfle al ele varalor 1 ft exaul variable tlie on informa omeris det frecvenele Tn cara triable tonic, 190 a 1Cotcenal de acer contingent) aa Pearson Aces coefiient se bazeark pe meloda. 7% iat ts exit ‘eptwi, fblosind event abolte din abel de corte. Se pout tla cao tetods rp (aceasth late exist chi ti sof de Tarot cam arf Miersolt Fac!) pcr varabiel cantative, dt a¢ pitts predinioratape pin eaares lor mune ae cers, ‘elf de alos coetiewuli eve ‘une NV exe yoko popu. Ne arse cae sunt Bele acest ‘Soe pen putes pea abe merce pe cee Ba Rea oto mis slab tan inte dows paris cen observa fea temich covespnacare cell care ox leit Ine dag? <0 atunci C=0 thck z?-5 suns C91 Ccourmee, 27¢[0:1) Interptnce gradu do asocce Gatco gtr) pe bana coofisenisrestewtoues cd C0 leprae ml (ips fps) {het Ce (0500) legac deat bt das C2 103:07) lettres de teste matic thet Ce {07:1} letra cede ntensist utemicd Desig acest ite whol interpret nso marie oat ip. © egir efot mate ait a O38 el a 68. Prec ms mu ees ‘ungacs ints gl dint een dou vari pent acess [opel fn moment Ge inp ier se pena poplai sie Corficentl de assis contingent lal Cluprov ‘cst concen se bared de somes pe metoda 2 gia Fost Intros Cipro dato ei wejes a cociieat Ii Penson, acc ‘Sim pt a value I, dora tnd a1 cin 2 9 fe —— aoe” RTT 192 idem T0241 Valourcn maximd sax 2? WYT=IIT=D se bn stun oat fevers neue unt dspse ge un din ee dot siagomle alee de era S acs cote se un nejuny ela ef enstta poate out pute die fever net spe Sep ch de ns dn ge aCe mo We ‘ilistn sel exemps dee exists eter Teenie legit Vane Jegitura die el dou vrs exe de tensa ne cocina de socee tu Chaprov re {2-2 Vina?” |x r-no=5 asim Bae conform ses ole agua dice dome de atv sul juno exe de ntentte media. Coetcenta corti isormasonse ht Ones a peed, so indoor see scene sm varie vars Ese ters int po sve eve dle dieu barge Presyanem rorl repo pnts eds re RRR eee acto ‘Dap cunt se observ momial de itrale ese acl dup atte varie Expres cote et: Ena {order Si aco coeiciat variate soleus Hime, respectiv O¢10:1) aloes mains ve fnegntea pet repaiiieatie, alles p= 9 Ascoli eal out vrai va Hn aes xz mang ‘Viloaces mis ee ina dc pets one fe 7, =0, fe 4, =0. 432. Gradul de esocere sau ltenstatee legitur dnt variable ordinal ‘Vasile oie st tnt erie eaativ, dar ale chor ati sunt erasable: Ca exempn ptm da inligea su perforant Rie 2 avo, strata we! fone sata wel tr di pnt de vedere 1 avestionr, reunete fem, et Un grup de firme 2 poate ordom apt cu enuele, dar pet ces vara next o uta de mts foarte obicctv, ae Inet spate spe cho fr este de 2,7 oma enum decit ala. Ordnacs wtp popu In report co scle Seriabisi adace un pie de informatio te de vtuhiele cleans Teoria "infomie ce poste fr alors pin cominizea anor fnefeieng speci lor ace 1 apiere inlensalea epi, wal He fiers tcl ae Confit fe corbin angrily lai Kendall nr pt lira ct nda tste unk pop obaie 1 youth ondonte in rpont cu ube ptr core cere nena Iggtck. Prespunem o populie de volum a cberyah bn tor C0 ‘are, Unkaiorsausze le able rngor iriprt ee Rese "ara dup umes scorn abel err, 4 Putts = , = i A oot . aT ii a Yoo sun rang al unit statisice A, in apne ea vrata x, umiral natural, cine fick lol cca de vaksaen vail X, Iwcgira bo ont 4, ‘rom al valorior vrais, forgistate Ia cele n wii considerate. Ast, petra Recae vrai, ‘een vor fpimele n mumere nator, Topatra re cle m vrable ve considerate intense xi dacd © onate oaccere A, ue uelyi rang Ih report cd oae ‘orale O stl de sus et reat a mst Tams eat | 4, A 4 rx i To a x DT? i a To? 7 W wpe pe ptt Toe Co et suai reall ea aol a mul de sinatia preset abe respctv mgurie oe vor depane ci fa cottons €0-aIE Iegitira we Bc iene 9 iver, et rangi vr dbl wa ml sept dere varie ca epra va alabs‘Vom nope presente corti! simp, re dou varie X i, Lega va fh duets de ltensiate ramini aca bel conn pe seca angultath ate: Tables aa T et 4 4 4 _vatiabila = fos z r oo i te sina conta, cae lea ate invert deine nxn bl ote Tabet as ta a 4 4 xian ~_os = n Poe saat ra i In tot celal oxi do dipnere oa ranger, leu ve 5 de ineosste a: sbi mls, Coot de onli comrade Kendal va ha ylbre 1pet lira det Je ienstte maxi tn gator ver detente main ira pes cnst collet, vom defini malt indicator dt concondas (P) espe idiatra de discordant (Q)- Uap Nabi se ordoaews crescor rangle unio ary apo ek ‘arabs ¥ pein orca uniior dot osuccetuse oaecare eat “i ononsea te apt cH) «rage allel de safe et eat {abel da oe E ‘Tobe 67 wl A | A A A sora _ | x ie nee ee N + » 4 6 ade 1» F=2oom eosin snamai wna din aumecte naturale de The. Pre fee ane 5 It i mer det tel dep mde pe cr i not of seine me nota a pe cei ain 4 dtr um angering esr foe ramerele 21 nator de concord Ino anemia Secure tng FF 66 deteind mir ngunlor msi ict det ste fa dreaps, mule po care tov c# Q,. Hasta wae numer Q,, = post ca Q pe care main ndieaor de dlcordn Relat acest 3 Instr ers oa 1 se obine an mame oo) ps g~ Pe tzaintcwtor de coneorda i dicordant consti cofionl de vel impl a rangurior ei Kendall, distaste Po PO Po 2D 2 tu carat una opt deste de intense maxim, P va Iu valotea sa maxing rp cea mini acts P= ine 0, deci # Fn cag uno eat inverse de inensitte maxis P va ha vaore ia, Q= OD gest p= Tncana ips lephuri, P=, iar ¢=0 em determing st interval a are va 6 epehw £,eespectv se {1iftrpretaes nena lp pe bon aes oes e vt fae ste sack 0 lest ee direct ded = iestra ee noe {acs <0 legatra ete invest tc 10:03) leprae de intense abs dc 193; 0.7) lege ete de intense medi dc 17:1] epua este de ncenstate puternice 4 min, ar Q pcos mains lichExempla Yom tus e1 exempt 10 fine dincsn anumit domexis ta por cx vorabilleXermamele fmel (it exe de ctnoscith i ‘consumtoron i Yelererea in pads fre, Ren dps observe ‘ral te al ranger x_[opa sta je EE Tae ag Clete nico de concordant i corn Q=tnisoriiteororts0 De unc eit oii coe rnguilor al i Kendal P9405 8 Peg as oot ie emule frm tncrfeen fa produto sale exist epturk Sirah forte plemies Coeficientl de concordant mips rangurlr al i Kendall “Tecan acu a eal meer ou variable, penta 9 popelaic dt volun, Legit vf defense mel doc dat are one 3 popu are cea rang apr cu toate varibiele Deoarece inte dou "ible poste exis o egitrt dic eae oak o Teg vers, tu pits area pe aan un son llegar, De css, cefcetl va ‘ul de concordat nu de cove. Ele dinette ea abel ‘ingitilor, sondern amstorl ser denis $=15,S2endhrn8y) unde §, -=L-yreso some ragoror pena cole m varia in repo ca unites, Deed legsurs ete dees de intense mus S=Io 2 Dect mesh eit engi une pf rete) sven BaSymnn Snood sy = Emm af shy on? wtnaion sd mrt) OMS) MEF (Considerind c ipesn fective ete proportional eu oneors dine cele vrais, coeicatl de concordat mali 4 angurr as Kells etn tel: eesti ‘iesins) Decaose me ast dor intent, ma sens! Iga, (0). scepter pe bra ace oii ev sat cs £0 letra st ml aes (003) legates ste de intestate bs dacs 6 (03;0,7) letra ste de ntesiate medio acs (07) leur exe de testa putes Repl Ca erempla, Im acini 10 fine, re Hash vail X-remmel Fine (et exe de cunset intl commatoror) #8 Yaincodrea ih Prodhcle Sem yom incl Z-yerformanele economies (poste ft Sits de afc poi mine diideolr, ee) ae alae Me os 7 sp3 5 se94ssia4 14174209 234 10 Moe 199S99" 49 ie one 17 420" aN 42 20" 10 offefetvn)=M4(5?) 04 SP =339 5-16," 67.25 ms) 3095 (astra) pa gileteti ‘itwxsina) 14.28 lth deci © egsons de imenstare foarte mare fare remmee fi Incedeea prods ci perform sae economic, Coeficiente corcai a rangurir al ui Spearman a scoeficieata similar ops de Kendal, seta so clerk rorind 2 hs tabelul e conendas 2 rangurce. Ne_vom flo! de ‘fern dine ann pete seca uate a popula lav In cele ous vrai. Coefsetl ate atoaren exes: Se aa Yeu ues cop mere uzun pp ile xa ficient sis af Kendal.Limstele celor dot coeien sunt ‘Soles nerpetie Valo ue som ‘Coeficiente corel rangrior al Ii Spearman — cu! core doa sa aire rang nit. ‘Se comet 10 mare de automobile my rage eu varie X geal de specie 9 de ncredere warner vel de gant (Goat repeazaat de pantsel lina beet de specie sn de Sementle de sigueng acta si asi. din dota). Se cere at 5 (aretrzee lpia dharecele dou Yar, das casa eit ‘Aven arial abe langue aaa] ATR ATA TATA] |] A sists x Testes zat] aaa aprtapett f= [ae 4 rprtr pets 2tite Se poste obverse in carl viribilel ens ui itive cre su acl an (dct a sea vate ove), 9) MUP Ay Ay aD ‘ogo espects Ay Aya abel rag Ae siemens siti sun eter nike ta tree sponte (Gott, gina, et), ana competion (cre vies slesieen Top mea de pe sets pa) dar ttn ae domen Coefciel de corel rng hi Spearman ae exes: Des: om a ‘Tet 4.10 aa | A, AT ALA] Ala | a reitits | * xe Pepe fs 2 lee he amet tpzpeprpepe siprartsressouietee 40° Fish deco legit perc re el dou vara, Valorea narnia ‘te dlr fh Se conn core hi Kendall Nu eb rv sk inicam ol fone gd salon sting: Nu ete npr slegres vain trv alan din cocltiea ci fore sel coef pot cosy Pov monet de tin sau popu pest SAtsreoseetsi64 4 coon oho") (0.997) 99 Fist deco legiturd diets are patelct ice cele dows vatcile cider a 43. ntenstaten lear inte parla cantative Icons varahleo caltaive scene am cost coetiem cre 14 mise intense lpr bavnd-ne doar pe fevers ‘aril canthatve dion de tt mumere pe care fe vom tn eesti anor nit petiRaportl de corte Folxind ula esta avril descompunon vrs ah ST TT | ar a eth apes Yen su var oa vara expec pet cok fs asso | 7 7 “i aa 2 oat (40; ) i io, Es 1 Odi tin (a:ao)- [ie ropor Varane expt oe co a mat ae ox et mote "taal if a confine F/X sunt wu dicike fot le. Cea ce e fice s die exe ‘numa nef X,deoree em ip pools a ere vind ca wie ‘iter tlre I Exe fese de a flosim variana expicia ea 0 Inome sok een lystr ete X 61 pore vane “ape in aia lotto o marie elativ, Raportl de coef se pete: Si se apeciczeienstates leita dire chee publican gi ‘olumat vaca Fes port coe: z Fase eS &, st ab form el motes oy htinilee capt ex do sexe: htm exis ei ate XY, mei conte 1X rot eile fare el del oy =0 98 Ry, =O fact eps te de restate maxi, w exis ine le Sor factor det X supra li Hy ru ox ange Ta dal rupee, di yg 9 i = fn comsecind, poral de corliis oparine inert Ry € [st eects sii ar pe bz et cena ach Ry = Festa este ls act € 1050.3) leita este de ines aba dict, 610307) ephraet de intense medic ack (0.71 legate de insite puters hy Iegius dre cele dat varie ee de iterate sd, Din dpunees _fecrenelor tn fabehl decorate seul medio condone me din _ mama eptura ose dest “4. Formatarea uno ipo x piv I forma mates a eta ‘ack nr out vrai abe cantative 1 contexte “woe leit de 0 unum iene, puner problems posbiti + olin gtr perm model mate. © pin ap see ees _ ptt et i it at esc pie ira ‘levi dependent xem Conongem venstoaen ditrbuyle 1 52 de soci comecie o techs oid activate 8 pot cre X — chil baton ie) Yeh vizio (ue).1p Pune Hats VAFudwe-arox oe {a and forms ini re oie pail punto moras faa de eave toler o tect en priv In fora fone de epee. ‘cd dosim st tudo dur mph, respect depen i Yat de somal tctrise XXX, ate peru fesare perhe 5 X,), (%.k,), .,) desenimeste un me sti, Form gem a varia Y In fee de vail aonb XX yo, se ei: PEK XooK rE ume FOX pXaooX,) repre fis dereteic cae aprosimeazd cel hi bine fon lepturi, ar « varabl leare mums eid, cate Taeumedrt esta or ton geet eth ck. Ace ftom sunt ‘pect din dire totive: fie nu at fot een ie mv pot fh ‘tis fe eect! fe ene esencatv peuru explcac variable de expat, ete Obs sh i om ota de epeie (XX nN) POX, Xj X,) dence epteit ovabare mee ai ¥ eomiiforat de vi po cae ian vrais 2 Xan anf de egei posteavea ert expres mates, Vou da ince ce wtciactovn exemple, fit de forme pose le nour de puncte conespuntont. 2) Pia parabolic YaPUR)te=as BX sek 46 ns5) nti hips Fone 4 Pia exponent Ya¥Oerad' 2 ‘Am presentt doer citors din formele uals ae finer de reqresig dar mel pot eta alle, sou combat ale Tor et Complete) Pet ropes mul foam con mal sips 6 conse regres ine utp are art ae POF KyuX err un ast de mode eprezentare gail a este posit deoarece ns mai este orb de o carb i ple, cdo iptmapreta nun breton denen 4.5. atimarea parameter func de regres Be 0 laps cate se succede frese alee forme fone, Ia estimates pranutioe va webu! nem co de abaorea peel fade det memati ales F(X, Xen M,), data dor fst det NoXsooK» CMa ese cuuseah rin variable reid € Pipi eb ces poets eaten pusaneto tela paso mit Misa som ptr seo vane burt 2G Ye a ive elt pt FOG Ayr). Come dri fuels chive confi ein a medi: MPR Kwok P= MEY mid Bets POX Myon X) ee dei Deghie date ¥ yi ft de inten XXpenX, se eRe ec de rere Met rere onetime gator sts prin cea degree Deeuec pobin denim s poate ole dor cubs forma orzo fei, vow abotda estimarea prune separa pil de fineegress Tn ipoteza a cate egitura dite Yi factor de inten AaMavok, exe ar, ei degree va do forma FO tH) g taX 4X HOAX, CCofiet 0.4,85.8, se rams parame mde vor ea din mniniare udu ani cu (n+) ncaa G88) = MY ley Ha XP KP Comite do nity coostny fn anaes ele (+1) dive pata ae Tani lapaysa) pot cn MEOH yey So conde humo ssem dee 20a. a.t (Pett) aya, ras +t XIE0 ae, rb 2 2d aM y+ 98, 4.4 KN}, =0 Wale st fo eti ala, +X, bat X= MO) oo tla, ¢aX, +a aX.) X, = MO, gi fos teMix ie ra,ato% les eaiX mo + a.MOX,X,)= 0%) Prin rezolares asta) sem Unit de ccna rpc ca recuse ny 8 cbin abril prametior eed reams Ase, era statics disre YF ye KyXjooX, cite models prin sproxinare evo psu funcional. Por cau e di factor %, 51K, eatin de eres se tek 208 ay aBH CX, + aM OX) =H) aM) +9 AO3) + aM) ORD gM, ¢a,MO%X,) ra, MOK?) = MOE) Prin btu a, di ia ecu nein iin ceelaks, oie: Jaledty-tmexpflsadcxxy-mecr exl=Mony-monmcn glx, x, )— Meo MCX, J+. LM(X3) EMC, JF] MOO) MIME) ‘ct pen se a form a snp not = MEN, MCX, “MX le MUX. )-AEK MEL) are epeiot covariaa dire varalee 9X, obo: ade pate obj vale pram Denil i yom dice pe a, ere fet bata npr ecu, ‘Aste, oa. sot valle parametor model nar cu te varie Inocuind vali parameto in eeu do roeoe se bie: i Meh kayo) +h ancy) (x,-mery) Pes 9 fico ea mab acces, iooducem msicea do varie covariate:ln mm fi otind complementl algesc al cementum, co MS, j= uaa do regres die: MQ 6) - MO} M POH MA) EMBO MONO Peary cal ma general al gto Hore dine Y $i Ky XoonKs atiea de aii 9 covariate > fm me iar ccna de eres poste se sp(P x, X,)— Mane g(x, MOE) ) eA MEM, MUX) 20 Maticea de vais 9 covaritie 4° este sith In rior epi lagen Eknentele my de pe dagnala. priciolt samt vriamle vevnblor FAX Kyo Xs, iat elemeacle my FF repent ovale dite sabi coreipuatoae, ogres iar simp fn cal rears tine spe vrais enogens Ys ato Xi, matice de vai covariate ee: (= 3) im lP d= MO) MCX )=9 deunde patemexprina pe F(X) ox Fox) wx, mye, de wd eas oui: = MO) egresiaparabic Js economic sunt umeroate exemple nite lpstra inte feoouene deel rare cae Te canted ete irs. Dock F frend tcc Ia hear dntean prodas reo eX cantates de Retsil, re vor da seana chi ni e8o su crete shi K a provooch acai rere aul ge tet teal de wri al or du trv. La valor ma le caf de ngrg\mine, seedenprovoack ‘Sraie san char nscvate,docind Ino Sagoare,respectv imine 2 Frodvotst Ae exemple poe ff leprae twcumea 2 mmuned 96 fangs slr, dine cette cr pblcksten yi wohl near, Deteminses panmetior fire parole de repeie se poste thee apis dirs inte mods pron mnie, fe pein educrea [cal Ina reecat strior In ambele cna vom exempies petra saela de oat do. 1) Eximarea parameter p in aplcare direct netodeipatratlor Fata ear? Di condi de minimize a expres Gaya.) tly FOO]sem umitoari gti 26 ta.0.0) “ety B00) 2a, in arena sia de cei aul la raxtveX 0 any ta +0,x-+a,%°))x]=0 afr favo ,X°)t? no cere est ehivalent ay ¥ aM) aX") = CP) fa 00 + 4M) HNO) = MO (Moe rate) +a.) = MCI) Rol acest sistem a eocnosctele 2, RUE pram caf de regrese pseaote, In od asemsnitr se pose poceda pent oie repre asin, 1) tire paramo prin reuore ca iar ‘Avid wedell parole de eam Fong, tak bX! face ssi: xX, pcre eeu devine a Fora K da 1aX,4aX, are epein vn mela cu do ft, Elem mie de aie levi or art Ma?)anory? <0 sy =i = MOX)--M OCR) eo) mg ~My = MODE) MODMCX) ~ 07,1") =O) 202 (22) M?) e040 3) = MC) (MOND? 0} obl rptsettlinine per cam wae pb de grad dose fednce atl Ino probleme regres Inn care se rev conform fr ina Tn Sat mat gener, Sos eat dere ete un pes eral phe bak? bab? test ibtiite RON GAT Rat =k, tin al nia in apr (41) ibe. Regresia exponential aed ecu de eres ae fous exponent Fon=00" severe ada is forma ini, Mate logateneca cousin Fa e+ X-lgb larap se fa sii aisz= 8700) male Remit atl det ina sip ZO0= a e.X Regresahiperbale Dee eam de rere ae foes hiprboit evade rez met in Foxyoeeby, {hn maticea de varie covariate clement wor ag =O?) = woof) Ate ipa de reresie tn prc conn osc feet etn de ci (uncle char ont cps). de eco pee thar Tandy va rune Ned ulcer sel asren det alte Feet a or foame der inte wu facile de proc. Forme ener & FOR Kowa By) 82 XX aX Pinto at de aj defacto epee ne nv poi Y foi de crs aca pine: procs mc calle et trun, pol de este ox cal iy es Dears pus nevi edaee tern nm pa beim, BVO XoaX,) leat BK, ttm Te, Deck acest ou ei em subse: Ze Kon, X/=1e, PX) reduce cia a na Ini nit 46, Anata reprezentativai func de regresie Coetcentl decree \Conatrac ui ete si rapt de covet, ca desebies ‘hvaina n cate prop te cal loin som tater ber faye vr pnt pt Tui de repress ya af de mea grupel. Ca mae) coef de coe vw fr specific Hectre fue i pat. vps decal sds i fr demonstra) te Teste acest cofiet tn faefie de vr pe cae Te pote hese= es (0:03) fname repezeate pen modern Ion = Jeeitur ine vatiabile a ra Sens, doc yy © (0.3047 fais are o reprezenaiviate medi pera a pease en mieten gh ie re Xs = det me (til) Recta ete fone sepceaiet pearw pera se ‘Acute ante teas irae Fett. Veloe cota = aan oc eza) A compre cus tor neta tr hs Pemey cagy) Cnt ve vue dependents Y siterip Xa reece exeapn,p une do ogese ale ca fad poste ame” 5 Ei la en a a ee ay li ae incertae Ina snp fous cocfiensi pout xt ie Fats a Wonca sing 3 Iga * pee a 3 7 Wed Heda wf ») f—_— corelai dae Yi Xe, negli inflnega i X, 91% malts "YO mame Yam 7) cot ie Xan ic Xs cxr)-MeMen E Tole aa, 7 oer BS ‘Aceste formule ale covficiealior de coreloie puis se pot 407. Cover FA een pence a eae dependent . 1 Vesiicat-vtcunoxtinste Fn core sng asta gta in ie oi fc a cris sn nin st cr inch sing i ape, Pertanian ied vrai cea pt is Uiua sar nen ake varie xogene tap cele endogene Ne pune fxd Ca inerpeten coeiiewal de comtingsnf? frobea de 1 mort fucey wel male depen tops cee MMMM 3, Rang ec {trends renin ee wate nelson + aie Fit a reeurge la demonstra, vor da model de culeul al ee Cle ane costs cae pria penn do cnr FF Prantl cata cam se mld vila Xo mara cu °F Gon! lve pene db wile nde Xi Toca vb sc omer % 7 *) Coa r ire Y si X;, egifind influenya li Xa: — 1 Modal, orl ie Y 1%, eid inns Xs a ©) Cocicet de reese, E 6) Nel inva em 216 oo a6, trp coe sem i Spear 71. Cares ipotera atti? Caw este dicen dine repr de eoreliie yi cet de ‘orlic? Problane renovate Problans 1. ‘Se citosyle umitoresdntituie a 52. de soci conse ox ela profi de activate, fy eaport cu varie X ~ celle cy abides (ke Y= whos (me) YX [issh 08.9) [07:9] | Tol aw] 2 [7 | 8 to o,01[—3—f 0 3 {20405 [ef 2p [a "Taal_[ 19 [pe Seca: 1p Ba migra eva see ipteze evn form posi ‘uncer de repesie; 2) in ipoteca ure fons Unie a dependent dine Y #8 X, ‘lelere pastime de epee; 3) shoe alee. seperate faneit do sesesio peace ‘modeaes epi dae ole dowd varie, 4 cree valor ele Yok vezror pear un ave ‘heir cu pbtatea do 3.3 mines 5) Sole cig es pate 2,3) yi) pete o foe poaboi a epeadetel due ¥ 1X 1) Pe za gai de mi os, reprretind medi conto le ‘¥inaporto Xroem ce pontie Rei de regres fncialinerts =a bX be “funiapanbolek: Y =arb-X +e XT FE as gsas | 2) Penta ncn tn Y= a0. +e, pein minimizuen sume ptrtlo anterior, fn: (XV) atx) ar) were : 2) Hf 94619488 a Me ana 3623 30.11450-18¢ 7:17 _ 2600 : Mist © Mee d ands6 30.2+8.90. 44:50. 346:50:1048:50:5 + : $4090.266.70.7 48-70-8) = 305 © 4=50-886-581=1595 Pate ast serie anja de eres ini (NY ai595 43a6%+e 15951586. - ais5) Caley cet de sori nie sp Fo MUR Y)-MUX ME) po~s)'17=(s0~ 5) 18+ (0 a Tiga a oy =1817 sat? 194(6-s91) 19446-58171, Dios ed a,-is8 pp = MS-88190 py 16i7- 138 Frcs ni te © cepts male pens moles let sie ¥ #3 4 Fix}1s950586.x Flss)=15051-586-55=458 Prin ume, eno alte cer cups de 55 milano seb volte modi a dor de 418 mane 5) Pent, ncn painted YeatbeX tex? +6 se caeslensk lementee matic de waa cova: in AX ¥)- MOR) ML) = 305-581. 50=185 s(x? -v)= 4 (4?.30-14467-30.248" 30-14 +44 50-3462. 50:1048". 50.54 44°-70:246? 10-748". 70-8)=197925 rma = MOR? Y) MG" MP) 1979.28-36.28:30 167.78 mi =0} =25 (x) 148 198 Akemrrcory ys (x}o(x) Oe) 24015-98136 sjodtside 61908814 pat ri 6038 ng =a") aa?) a(x) = 16s 3623-3628 =38724 a0 yin se mien de varie cova - oust 14516178 . wi|i4s 25 2968 2 Li6r95 296s ssi24) Caleb compres alti 5-39124~2965-2085 1398 bos ssn 2{ MS 285) ase, henra ssn se 4 28 lar06 horas 24 Cf pets de mee wot in etd pcr mine: -. mle? | [arose cade )-mtP) 3} a-at(x)+ bx? pe-ae(x?)=ae(x-7) : lecanbe}eosselc*ecoaa) arc) Mog P(x) (rf tg, LX — (Je Mg Lx? me (0 aly Flax?) min > Flx}e mtr} Me naa us Thoute sete dei funn de eres purabi BAG SIATD.N-076-" He sw Fx) =-8464 1479. —1,76-X Caleta cosine corel paraboi 5425397261 145.2865 187,794 145-2965. 167,73 16778-25460. ass 145.14 5-957.26-2965-2965.26154= Asai, fein praolick ae ropesereiiate mete pena smodelaea. legis ditve YX, Sind mal. epreaeoetiva, da mb emeiicti deet dean de gree F(x) =-R4641479. x 076-7 F(S5)=-846+(479.55-076:55" =499 in wis, port 0 alae a cheb eu pblictatea do 53 rit eve obfine un ol mi avai de 48 roan, Problema 2 Un prous ost last sian pe 13 pe e ace ce, pros a ox gr ret dere (), venture consumo (> ft ele fierka ey fer pia ogists ara nel al eee (), fens ind sntt ea rsatr We] came] Pa ven for Be iz oa a 3 0 3%] a9, 25 0 ios iy 300 80 Ls 30 SIL Be a0 —_| gm ane ee Th ir om in 36 30 a as 0 TE a a Ls 0 ia uy 0 1S se fore item ox rv Ia fone gtr die cere (©) et?) Pet forte nso do regrese rite ind pe, se falolns pu onto 9 epreceztviaten soso, 3 ima per stars a err veal, 5) Ste cleave pret faci ae nicks eg ink lt date cooe foto stele. Anant representatives acs fami nap cereal de repress Crs va Valouree esti cer pe o pla unde prfel de vanzre va 32 ie ‘ent media contro db 830°? Reso 1) Conte nora de ponte rapt uP 98 Rejnem fore potbil se nc de regres: drape TP} 0, +6 ipeota: COP) =by Petr al dies cz, el hiperbol de rgras, fam smb de sei Dalle u prvi cree nua aii Loe ; rps pame[ pr ae poam Le | ea nase] fis feet feae- Po |i fal Masi 2st (sd.0i4432.01960. 2 ep EE (czy 154-2 O16 HAL Sy Miz )-IM DP 0238-0462" 5 $o32.51449-25% 0 4, =M(C)-by M(Z)=9260 14527 0482=2,56 ccry_MiC MOP) _ 2081-82-28 2005 MeN | 18-25 asc tpt (2) =9209 2028-2485: Dreapado egos se see ipso de regresioue sie “9 Zuymassvssar- Cleuti epeenaivaen pero de eres a Ste 2ASB) FH A9~2ASB yy oO (12480) +88: 24887 Pea fog MOCO MOM) er Mo apie we o pms ml ree mn 2) Conti olde puncte in apo caV 9 Rei a forms posi faci dese Seep: C07) =9, 4-0 reat dregs eo epeasavante mee me2015087 08 PF Hae 9200 720432800. 128-7 gang u(r - SH 20292:808 11 Tg (CV I=MICME) _ 630-820-208 9176 MP SAIMOT MATH ORS = M(C)Hb MV) 9259 -001176 608=1.73 Drea de regress ers Eq) UTD HOOLIEY Caley epreentetatea rete regres of e146 1848 MCV) MiCMIV) _ 40 -9209-S10 959 te aay 53671 Drea de egies eo reprzettivate mas. 5) Pen actin de regres i cacilim demented vii covariate ih ipa =a, 44s of 13479 M(CP) -MCOM(P) =2081-9260-2885=-2.225 mg =M(CV)=1(C)M(V) =63407 9260-6408 = 4012 soba wey) sea0 151-5304. +49-730 ng =M(PV)=M (PIM QV) = 15294-2485: 6108 6299 (Obie stl marce de varie cova (ism 222 40112) weejaos 098 (coisa a9» 34046 Catalin complemen asi wenco™ tie sel My" wc [22% sia Cbjnen at! oof eres: byw h3O7 = 00899 Prem serie ds inca rere Hirt ip C=73-1807: 94 090897-¥ 46 sax Dey )=78-1507-P + 000897Catal coeicet decree nas util fo 9 33555 m win ae ep ee sep conuin (© fo ce amaondr. Obveram ct freia mols Covel ab mare de ‘sigur to, Secon vege ct amar de vaio Eeeyy=73- 1500 P0087. ea9:580)=73-1S01 32 +0897. 950= 74 eo pins unde pro nin al ensuite 550, Rep {oma de 7 Problema mest de frm de sai reroaionl xnoete roc (a3) en piv a1 tate faye varnileorX Sa te penta do oem pe feo (0) ‘Scere 1) Flos! un gai ev Seca Onc pe a oo posi ft de regres Pen wa din forte foncnale parameter uta cre une exe ain, tt pe za coteinor de. evel ct pe bors vl pretoate ebza fH fonts ropreneivs pet model Side nen rol prs 5 toe un coe de va coeien fcr e reese ce ia cri confor cea 0 vara st 2 se vo vine fo pect de 32 ar veil mao aoa cea mai po clement dio teh econo 3 6 Reza 1) Constr ara depute a apot cu soe dou vrai: Nol de puncte unc do ogres ‘parertate oR wo (hot srt 8. Fos (mk)ee Now! de pune neta de regres iar nF oo 8 m8 Pus.ree 8) so 8 Coptic svitriaes? so prima vedere, ante fai par pate pat modes resale sora rfid pen nde de oDesk ein seta afpuet ov vodee core, crea de sel MAKE, Ea aor ea so, oe ce este vlbil pet nto Foh Sete cot tak ch servile unas sunt taro, mort Te tan dun, lca cst supra ce ep Nt Mai pov pare dct neti exponent 4 onefo exponents dite ole dent e Yous cae pi oganare dvi: Tay ina int fa sora boa Tey ina abe X He ase unital schinbiei devrait ‘ene ene 0 fiat iar, Datlenamerce pest estimate pratt freee abet omit oun virile, sb forma |AcMx) +B M(x") = MO) Mccy=1989 = = ROCEITE) MOZD—MOY ME) go ang clic medi te cele ou variablenae Sospoiiel [Het si nas a~) rete Problena Fat poeple | Ts oo i Pent 10 penn spout di staunes Bora ecu esi 1 0 seni ints ym as ce an ul ew eae 20 Veni [IST TIA] 198 | 210 [ too [98 [Us | 135) U2 | Pe Fre cong 35 i Nee letra tis Parra hea eee fae 1. Fe br nga ade, sti format dae venture cong hte nurs eat gif can ai wat ome Poses —| a5 a 3 poste, cul sme fect compar pets 2ohine T a = fect ce rere pet odshtea Wp lasers pens lite uci de ek dos 1. Contra hasan pension alia fate ek prtiona 4 ‘rites carter corel angusoc osnd toi parame sos 1 Cae abuse veitestinat al une’ pensin’ ce casa 120 de vit? Problema 2 “Sever deaoRat fone ak ia ui anh Roni, ‘sew 50 de ited est sestr sue nee de nual de abe ‘de profil aval gm see 1) Cons sera distaste ot existe oe bolic ne cle dvs aril considerate 1b) Repco race ©) Calcul i nerpea perameti fn de egress (2) Cone stat oem cone obit? «Tne min, profil deine de mil de angst? 1 Cares eesti aie pin cae puter testa enna ght te ee oat vaca Problems 3. pari bimcasionals 6 js red consul de act regu on) din Islnd primal serest a 2010 ofan de ‘ipl cle Aliza grad de ascend viable Dutsin cui ce mar tr salsice yids etre re dou aie 5) Fide reese we fr ac, &) fa2sir 100, ©) of = 3400 eo y) = 100 a Te penn ac i rm rca determin coeficientu de corelatie. erm!Capitola s INDICH STATISTICI ‘3 desenem gst stim varia nor masini Tnecle statistic este 9 Sunoi sete valor: auerc expr vara relat ttl sam psi ue mie Inue dou situs (oud pecowde, dowd spi dees dbus eaten. "le Zo rece a cri varie conti ictal de stud $m pram de exe depinde marines 7 rospecl Z~ Z(H). Ral Ia farmer) A, scate poate ciara tingul, spl sav apumite eategos sonomice su soviskeConsilertncd dou str oarocae ale prameti b rospetv A= cu 28) = 24) 2K 421) = 20 st ea las, ne 2b TG) ups aumira de uit ec se eer mies Z, nic sun ‘i lenerarl sou ndtah e maoar varia wel main rel fag sage untae sas a populate De exp, petra tasimes 2 =. avn: tT tH) ary MB) gg A) AAD) Be bi a) 0) DH) ni snes cde gap aor vii ni ey 1 dou st at le ut le popu De eremphs 2 $53, we pei mien ak, xy fin tc oe env toe clr Ine Ex kth) fice ih eee 2) Tat Frecvet, In domenil economic, previo ites sail eel msm a ep more Z: 4, wc su poring a ati, eps un pact, indi nt adi at iw de eprint inp ‘indie terior unde xpi spe, Inde ai wor estepori, nde A expen’ © anumith categorie Infici daamii ups model de compas ir past, nico ba ft incu Bcd (aboalare soir ilo ne min pate ei vr cpa {nd i vari fcoi, enea ii acra, 5. Indice vai integrate Sa) deal ce expr dependent de factor. 385 Aw Vain simi Zena ein topes taco factor de icf se names ware nepal. fle. vrai lata alent mari Zee £14 921) a) Props te nice vr negra )Tenittea eles) hat soya Za) 4 Revesines inet) neseyey 2) ai) i) Crulrtatea rants) [jg las pret 2, hid ares ered ane eoucee 2th) 2k) 20) ary eee TG) ay aa) Tadic Lapa teyng lang ema cole Pe din vain ercelare pe sie oy agri de eae inicio, Cala nose lg straits comin menner Ian rel coos a factor nested iad um sre de powder eile igs de ind! factorial (een de ponder) uta a proc sa hdl de ip Laspeyes inde dep Pate hi dep Faber Se cimose ose ea sunt ropa pot clu acl expres de clel indore fei, lr (Moov 199). S21 Indie jetria de lp Lapeer Conese Inia sub denanies de inicle peor nice de ip Laseytes fort det avin vedere olin exited velour: ve dem ue py sunt peur cai. ndcee actor al peur, de tip Laspeyrer se determin conform rai Epa i) cy Sw ids) ne: 4) pein pions de as fk) - pri dn proud caret ‘3 cole din pid eb ‘cate din pra caret, Amioior pete ci expisia adel vom ie cami Yeon R= = — Ercan Avid in vedere expesile cle do inh, Fone 1985) se dees 9 regal general peru esboraretlndelor fatal de tip aspeyes area din vargin nei mariad delerminatd de un focor se obfine ‘menpndnd cella factor ia nivtel back de somparaie. Ae ssh mini Z departs ads Z= X'yRo Kel rem PY (dnd yu LAI Dol se J) ai FONT aor Toke J) p Au) Flot fan Ub FD Deni Dr Wi bob) LL Danek Pritt) {EDAD Droste)Exempla Rely a vortinestele inpott, dino amemil. grp ae lagna de ntone nora ‘Cate Cantate smporas | dewmgon_| inponat os if wr ees Seoere: 1) indelevlos impor pen aca rps de maf: 1) ine prfelel e mevt respec snot can import (a ‘ol rpor, ambi ep espe. Revtvare 2) Valores import, din aceast pup mai orm din ei ronimenie, 6 dao ate awe: pol itr de ino sortie 7 ~cubistes praca sortinena Indic exited ai igri Valo ipo ee Y()_1518128:12490-20 1170. wih 8 7 VG)" Te: 10ei5.642518 ~ 60 1300 £00 Ine rope vl impo, aa fi eal, de Ind foi, de ip Lapeges Yehud Byte Lnuh wast 25_ 100 TR10s1S6125-14 ~ 620 L619 290 Solibe) Laud 0:1S46-25514-30_ 720 0.154 6.25914 90 720 62 Wlori56495 18 Urmare rei peur stare, valor por» esate mt ah oe ade, 919 on. Pind esti fctal cau dice Site pen reukasl bin ara eB per ansapbll cbr rei Soviets pon ar a xesct de 1,619 ‘Mosieaca cansipiorinporate «deerminat © cetee avai ington de 1162 oe sa entitle import au ‘rset per anal de 11620 ‘5.2.2, dil factorial de ip Paasche Paasche, pe desire de Laspeyres, tr adi indies pres, ponderart pre twmarbe ce catidhie dia pavioula caer. Po ‘mare, eat Trt Leone -Aseminitor pte dese expres deel! indice vou ii Leta tie —— Sawa Sim acest ca, Pes (1986) ar ded 0 regal oneal perry ccaboraes ine factor de ip Passe parte in sarap nei Inivind determina den facior se bfine menfinind cell factor! la tien curet, Petts ties Z, dpi Som ao nel facta Seti Pash” sae TE) pm ctecp ye RAADNG |XX gf) aca FIM DX)SEX HI Na Xi (eseX gl D) SED K ACE) X(N AD) Bret) FE IDXGL eX Jha) MY (PPP, (Pe Po TR Xft hon RB Xw(d) 52. Ine fcr dip Fchor leving Fisher m 1922 sabi 0 youd expres de cae ice utr porn dela lmitele mde Laspeyres, respectiv Pusche [Rael nce ime se eapims cag mee geo aint Laspeyes B/2¢8 = {ITALY TATA) lee pret Ide y= [RTO TE] Gee vols i. la Hoes 098 seine set pp dale nine Z Aeprtin! wpkoee arcae dem ctor Ast nic forall Mi Incr plier principio ser sun etic © mele peometrid futuro indir factorial de ip Laspegres $i Page, rit la aceas fuctor, determine prin ote see poe de ane a factor. Spee exch jn xz in cite atrimen Y depide do dol for respect 2 = HX, nd ator se expr ate [Fie FRO 11 eye FT cap TT cP) = PORTED, FORT Fea esa EB a Ry HX FRLAXID [eT RTE TRY VIDA TOON) he AA Py act maria 7 dep defacto respeativ Z = 4, Xi) avend ‘suecesant de tne Sto Tatnal ab urowee expes an HJopyifnert bs icre) scr erat] heer neul nih dort wash PF] Heh cry cou bcm AL cout cep Jescies f comtimare sete expres, Duck mrimea 7 dep de 5 actor se tegiteard 6 suceiun de sadere 9 ifn! futon aspravariis msn O pein wevesine pote f urate (Ry, Xo Xi indo facto oe inept moar expres 180) nym LXE AKA 24 TER PANACIAXD 185 cp ym MEAXGELXSCD eras GR LaF ISSA) 1 cp ya fEMAI ALE AL) PPO TRA LX XGED)) Ae fcr» cor inf foxes samt comers ta ive for din period creat, farce la neal oe din gvioda de td Tanai lo au erent bole Pgh gy ade 1” sco ft ch factor ne mci I iv be de ‘compari, “Prliceratse mente a vets earen, = eel ctr ee mali, Tncieeot de nfine noe sn anal facto, gor rt dl tm xe achimbh Pein ote soceseie vor W pezent in factors, fia afro expe or. 23Suocesionea | % % E Be] Take | gl PY rer TART | Teg HAT | Tera PE) | Tey TMT] Ie PET | lo mtEE) | eral POP RRR I ePPT| Tera ( td] Tern EAT KK | Te COPY | Tern PPD | tera ET [aston | terry reat [tet ask mivinea 2 depinde dem fond ferre e dtrmind x 0 Ineie promi nd obi} rin cele m! sce, 53. Test she Ind feta Sch Testa Fisher Refer te defies aiomarch » dior fete, Feber a cops ete f pots mole sare enti omaneamblo dere cline eae weiss esc ic etna ul atm eater psa comers indi foetal Jn? Coruna Phere 15) Menta (feist) resp ) a by revert nsinp (Siete. respect ssoccuve hk, el RNA : 4 ©) Cult (sites), respstv produ info cv Ya tan ebuie hfe egal ike cu bead ix. Const tel tri &) Roversbttarea facorllor (complentdinea), rspctv produit inl fora ete incl arise negra «i analiza, ML ath ath att oats es oe 5 at eas Sod ede sem et Droge Comte) itch Viet nh Ate sens do axome at msi fot propuse fn Fieratr, ob mai impetite find cele eats de ete ater Hacktera 4 Voter (1978, Divert (1998) y 04 (196), 5.32 Ine fetal prin prisma testa Pier Incominace se vor rapt inci ctor dt eno, test Fisher (es fncele ci). Si vail urmicoale barr 2) To indi st ete, De etemply xz factor ae: K(k SK)) Kio yl TEE oe DEES (Pap LA Kila Xg ED) fT Ay kK Rook gl ED) 1) Inger, inci Laspeytes gi Paasche m sua simets i sind inc ser su sine De eemph nn] ndsorLaspeyrs even: 24sLAs hooud= LOLI uX CBX f . FOVM KID hkl ID TR DoK (Dokal 1) LORRI bol cata simi aa ini sar su sie. © Nici ul dine nd fori reap a us anti De erp cain Laspeyen eve Pd act RPM aot) HR i ecKi(WhosXnf 5), LOX IDX CBD FEUD A Hoo XDD LOAM KAM oD) LAX Xe ID. 5 HMA AC Do Ngi DD 4) Dine inc futorilh presenta, summa indict Fiber veined confit de competitive tet Ast, de exempt cal In cae Spurn’? doi de doi Rezo = WX, Xi) avert RELL FRR RGLED, Feet rx gixats) FRAO) (FT TNGTRD, FOR CETTE Xy (KoA ee VANDA) FOLD) FOGT Ctservim cb indi factorial de tp -Fsher™ satisfac ele mi rate axioms, fd eles shi ees wei conc de complete ‘tes Fae 4, Ale mete de clean fstoriat SAL, lndil factorial prin metoda thir saltane Din aevoia de a suprinde nfuenps pus fate savant ede: coniiia de completitaine a tel Fisher, @ opucetode Sehinbiige simalone. Esra aeoses modo cont haze pena Seriaen ones um fat, cel fcr sein const Ia tive bel de compere. Dei nde fetal cant de tip Laspeyes, dar cum acest ma ‘rf condi de completes testa Fister, a BY (eet )at ii 2 ae ot rodh) (eddan det fino 0 corti, ott 22 C, sll eet scout conde 3 fe Indep TY Lat od) doe tbat don) Cat) PA Gta Mn DeoPfy ela) ‘Aces corre C ee enum Mert de pila, vest edesconpas opel Tika clon fat. Te acest Seis cht tg ciel rah sana pin mbit de ‘arate a esti sedesconps ptr ch realtale oft a ‘eit nog cepl teat chr 42, Inde ftv prin meta dram factor (Conseco esti Fister en un cries sgaos de osceptare sau de rsspingere 1 unet mcd de-caeul a ideior fcr, 0 defie ‘iomate ine fal a nt mim, ptt costa pnts rico metod presets pins sii riba genoa ra sashes Cerne testa, Dap com et din Flore (1988), profesor, Foe 2(Gh Oprisclaboeae emi moda roma feo, 0 m0 pn ‘evra trl our sasfac negra stl Faber Pe nse Zoe dpind dm tor Zeit ts) ind facto deters in a itor la Sato) Fs 83> ) MY) wen | én ns ts Wel FS tu vere inegraclor ete nese ae specifica esi parame a ew fore (, P syemQlna =m(0)iy = tale Lit] De rep vce fico evolu ail cole dou xen 2. ‘Coniderim nitcimes 2=C repreennd chee priv conn 3 oni prise. Dtlereleosre In fon 8 de ines ah peta nein Se corp p cantata mpi, peer dowd Ini consecutive ‘ot prevent in bel wnat eam Bane 0 a rote B ‘60_—“| 10s), 2) lode vr integrate x msn 3} let ctor a aria Cy de ip Laspeyres, Panache espeatiy Fer Verified reeuitesoiinte condi do comletdine & ‘eu ihe? lel rtf ndesconpus in meta vehi sintane {D caprinaren indir tora rte an Tune de indi ‘semen corpus, Retobare 7) Mises ue exp In ante de rt sean ste 6 pel men uit produ i f)—cltates mph din poi Inca analiza ver oxi x: tn apr 1h Inde expeimdnd artis ll mimi se determin ae =1238e = Bay" i08 lt)~ Fy ()=2850-3+ 1100-8 = 19450 C(O}= £0, (0g(0)=3i00.2+ 86010-15700 £9 12388 aro cresee a chet consuml elo dou prods, oan apie i de oa mis de 1238 Py iii cra ‘bt onic fact Laspeyres Evatt) 19 rye) 99924 00:10 1800 53g CP" Enidnto) — 15700 2 (alt) EPOMt) 90.3 +8908 _17320_yoy9 oo weley Epa) 1.1528 ne arts de ets fi ar erst chet C, dad arf vdieo preuri,eantale rama constant ave ta elle 1.1082 dete oar creseechahule C decd sr fl moist ‘urn cais cap, rei a ote el ntplein tes Fick, ste Verio erin Uf, ae (us 14082 127177 #1? ec nesta te depth 12) nic actor Pach ee ce Here SORA Sa 390-8 T1308 12238 ney ek oa es) SAT wD 1.12298 at do cite on a fh exescat chee © ach sf noite mnie nad consante la niet! en THOT ne rats de city on a fi crac chelwcle C doch sf aoe uma case compact, prope Snail couse sve i Cerin de comlehutine a tet Fiche, respect TE WU iP }= ase: bane mee wie 1) Ia factorial Fe 118) = JARED, (9 ~ SEIS = 7 19 te) (TERE Weyl) = SORE = 10888 12 Ce). AN (@)=n4378- Loge = 12388 Indic Fisher veri conti de complain test Fiabe, Atel, 11378 ne aati de ce on eros chetsiie "HOBBS sa do Ge ot ees chaiie easier cups ama moti C pe seams modes ©) Determines ine icorkll find mets schintioe HP Ca) =u1se8 effec =taore Rest despa ie 12388 WE eee) an ELE MY C= 1 1 Eaprimare adil nth nae end ene Conn miine C= $6, ele = pay mein thc pr ines ii eo: vo _ch Eat) © elo) zeit) Not pin 11/0 = 20) reaaca G(0)= 149-0 Gite) Intocnnd pe Gt) cu expesia 11°. (0), m1}, avem Let) Lee cio) ® “YEW "EER » Gonrooeec nde exe varia nena. mri Ce pote determina ca edie avin ponder a ado element (To). a ‘Ast 3 110 GU 1650 1566 6 co)” am 1/0 C20) 800 _oogs7 Fer = Exo)” 3900 1566800 £09887 8900 = 166-6800 0 a 12388 a i 15700 a fee pot expina gi adic atv In faete de ind element a feconbrraspect (Coat, dinate Laspeyres Belt a(0) Ena) we ati aera ei oa avo _ pall) tn) Inlossind i?) cu oy f)=11/° (0), tm expos indicat (Uf, vet E145 (0-40 Ena ‘eck inl facil de ip Lapeyres se exprima ea 0 mee aimed ordenador element ‘Relatv a indice torial ip Passe, Zoli) EO) sila nd clemerar peu epctv: oa) pio) in Fe AO eves ls erp ints 1% ¢ 7), seal: “ Ene) pole rw Ere nla Des nde facil de tp Paasche se tein co med armoich ponders bdr emo Noes et: 50 M0 30 ee 21/90) 4,0) Hef ay at) so T 105504 500 a6 Era rth a) 40 (p= T iw Aseminioe se po exis i nic factorial icant In funeti de indecent‘5 Principal indi wiz economic fn cad ingicotnior sti, aie cup wn toe important Cy jor lady se cussfch In mod steie migenea cea a ‘omc, Pian itt (og) wri Tipe eh Tarde ite agent economic si Tai preted ons 2. inde rus rod industria: 3, inal slr 5 indi uri Acct! ale pail pci de cite insti peckizte 5.5. Ini prprr de cons, Indie geeral al prerior de consum mosoard eva. de ansenbiu a preprier miuror achionate $4 a tarelor seretior tine de cre poplin ne i, intro pion aretha de 0 evi antrord consider ha do compere. In aout, ie Per e consume clelozs lara se public in orn Ste de Pro expeati in Ania Sti al Ramee. Metoeoga decaea Mi deal x nde per cons fn aoa exe pace mmc wthogswzts Old Stic CEhaif rope @UMOSTAN). Ase nc seca cu ye ee ‘Bri dep taspeye rela nies Z pecan! coe ‘nmi ae pnb 2-Spa de gree canttiile enpite rp, ree espe tae I cate a fot compte rie erie Se wi ef ndele petro de tp Laseyres poate exis cx gt wot pte ponies ator nid pret: Lacon Lacan niertraa Ha Laon Faannin po ser-nuor nine Sine vide) ~ Youn al celui, i perioada de ez, pve mimes coefclent bugeter at radzul Acst coin reds stra de cus «popula ‘indie ponder cher cx prods y Indicate presi de consom 2 coleulasd Ms baa ace forme de sprimae aide Lasgeee, ca mae arimeticd nda andor Indie a pretartor: HEC)= Sha, fa practic stich din snot elena ie public “ele rerio d onsu cs heal fh (ke atone 1960; Indep de consume i ef, ile prearlor de consum fa de funn decertrle @ ala resent ‘dele prejror de con pe facegl anf de madi aa reson (pent todsog decal mzt Barons fi 1990) indcle media nar l peur de coms (Baron i ai, 196), Cutegerse datetor saitce (Costa ect tir presupoe: 2) stables eprom de mf gsr rprezotaine peru ans pole oo de mcr sev), caleull indo ncisdual preterior ©) Geteminces cover de ponders &(), ox care se inode sonimenul a call nicl geeal al pretice. 2) Bain de mic servi uprind ca 1430 de sortiment ts nde sonaiieail in eons. Nomenelstora zsh ee verre petre vee de aeegie: eupe, postr gh soriment, sonic find oneretoate in diverse maa 9 serie. Tadic nda pein escola pen fee sortie se gregh ji nvel de pot do choke, grape respctiv la nivel de indice fever, pin ullzwca ponder comstate (in prevent cele din 1997, {Tears polio contane perite compen abe evo prefror ) Tei init a propor teri aza ctl alte trun canton al puncte de va Sondjt se realize tn wn mate fz pa fad stabi un Canton at loealtiibr (2) aviad yeere ener pecum voluaut ‘incor de mash seri, mm poet! ga Din acest oc Sant cette cnt ds eretne (6), Petele de vue supe observ So agave unl pression de nevi da cetee de cocoa, Sohn jatons ind de pinay 6000 punt de vnzare Prefers ale mifrior gt savior di cop consumatord sont cvervtesiptael In acest poncte de vinzare. Medinah a [nef fica ped su servi nota so compac co peur ty evo de tvs pointe nicl nual pe enka fecare sonnet, se ) Daterminaencoecieflor de pondence ,()s8 teach fn bara dace obit pn Acie oprah in Gomi Aces oe 0 etcetera nd ersten es fat sli avn rm omer esa Toran eit eal pus port ect fami din een ae completa ne tae ile de baa tone eye Mt dn sonpodi, pec toda sce spect fesinuge acs Pi sola ane» sexo bgt de fre se ‘it oseve rma cn ponders chet cu sare bon far seve tu sive, consis edit din dike prose tie. cvenf Bsr ht excl indice peor se ania dour interval ive ai tne’ cds const tute itrcie tr siweume Skellie de populism Stave O alia aesor alin tra pss rk o ening de “Sete nui ana ponder serve conse. ici ete neta prtuior Tne propor de cone (IP) exe bit opin pen 1) Cole rote (0 RI =UPC-1)x100% Ih psctcn sss, mtrinen inflate cantik de gulp bea intel prfrord coma. Ansel, aie! ich ita de eye al probe mirror qt al tanfelor svi din comurat Populi aa measur lai propis ners este defatoal UD aa et ete ale al ear smacreeonomic, Declle laste a nivel macosconomy pct ‘mirocconomic jin seaman general de evolia acest indie, Bate ‘easeneae indicator cell pez amas med 2) Deermpare dct real Exprnales in rep comlante say comparable a uo inictor emit evden evil ele «aces chiminnse se acs ‘eto progr In genera, pene x oie ewok tal nei marin sonoice se a ini aivell(nominat) a sce a indice por cbr fish Bt inict se lla ua lace a peur ads ator salt ‘nmira nearest ote dip Tndiele geet al prrdor exe wliat perry deflajinaren ons privat, ss lsh calli vento rae ale populi Slavin, repectv pest eal eit tilt de erence earn inderares salar pei. 55.2 Incl preurito producti industrial ring obi per sna pretreat fie de tte ped et ito frets ciel ft e'6 Petoulh bat de compa Se ae te ede door pm! sah ee Sonia producer ‘Secale coun ce Geto ep Leyes, a I mine; ah une. ~ pres pro de va el aac) l pods f¢~ctiate ndl n pedal Atel adele peta prog adi, cleat pnt pi ite = vohim voi! prodctis He) Das hycate np it ie Lai trawactont dia prods! yt proc indus eesconat, th repent ponder vr prot! ind pete de re adr nce ini pre prodote inie su centn TVA, dar cd uel norte gta seis pus In iid peter a apes succes saad ih vee Clin ‘Retr Eeonomiei Nafnale (CAEN) varata a. down (Rev. 2, ‘Aeobi tanat 2007 apa ene cectile te cep es ime 2008, 55. Indie ealaritor rin eof sor prions cue a de per do tuo, inpeun ev ice peared cons ete flask pene veal de "Saez ca tos torial Laspeyres, ety a me SoMa poms aba Tacos Lalisio Trumw tu Seca ea 0sid= Sn) ds» ~ pore foul de sri persona din atin oa Sod de slr, S54 Indic riers nice tir eet ews general a csc wa nea ctu. Pau burs repeeint omer cl mgh en a opel fconomil Mises evlupir acess se recirt en, iatrmedl inter ture Pein baset 2 ifrejiond dap epg ‘Mlriorconsferate tm cogel indice, teprezeavkate, mod de eal, seperate tcl Toa 05) ete ae ot oe pe ‘wots, pena In ceea ce piesa modal de calc, sa props deve metode, fice ind aval, respec deravatae. Meseton h cominute gral code ale renal lr ml como nist Inde fcl epLaees threo ct ec md ace schtneinesCh mopa baa aban unde: “ rope cual (pc el 2. Rl cur el taste rtm (PSMA Sse a sO Inds rk Lye nin et ale a ‘bard font pen Broce Fnior0) Pevodc, taxa indices exe gist, genre » so Ine unele resjusun aga de eters constant ponder Principal ind ture in ume fics celui h ees ‘SAP 500, caluat peat $00 de acm, ole mai reprecentalive ‘ep pis americans A fot Int In 1983, ba sind de 10 pat d=Topi ia call iri (1250) din gina categorie ctate pe ine pone, Baca sate de 100 pete, deta ans 01 tet Ni 300 euprine 200 de rt din prima categorie a pee din Tokyo. A fot mat i 1983 {CAC Ad este principle Soe ARs neat na 1997, ta id be 10 pute FFTSE 10 este preg indice tea, in lasat in 1983, tava 100 ce pnt adele copie 100 de ar din domeni (Morte (9 insti, 21 Sancta, pole, 2 de investi, 2 meres fi etn trina). 1 jra nos indole ofa pee busier ete indele BET (@oetarest Exctange Tealog,calalt pet un eatin de 10 socket fede wn etezetive A fst lama a 1909 1987, tua sa find de 1000 pte Secaedeasdensenenea gn sndice fetra!Laspeyres, ca ioe fiat. Indsle BET conte sport al wanacitor ts emer, Bx Biss Monat Financ 9 de Mtr Sibu. Se a abu 91 se publics Indcele BET Comporte, ex an ctl ooteacinie ott a Bursa de aloe Boewet 1 tndete de tpl edie vinatice Intel ser so ealear acest coz dap forola + (0) ace rere vara ine moment ins «coral (pes eu reste mil Je el consigerst fy exe nce (tn ops Tncein sick ini elemental, cf fi a cursor ctor tit, Aces od de ele ae rama de capsize Huser sp depot seo re pa “Ce i import lnlce cle dp acest reac este indice Dow-Jores Tat Average (DIA) Print move de cael a Ine bier ete de acest tip dtc din 1884, atari fin Cres Dow 3 Bud Tone, tn pric, iil Dove Joes se cael sf tol pest indus (Dow Jones Industral pe haa inden indivi a 50 8 tar ene de crle mot importante soit Indust in SUA. a een et nce Dow Jones pz transport, euprinind 20 de sh Se clor ai porte finned dome a wees tae Dowslanes 56 260 ‘ssl pent servi pice coprinds tlre de 1 sce cet tek ini nent ei fran ine gal Dow-hoes, cratered wan fie burs ne SUA ~ WYSE (New-York Sock Exchange) (varia indices Dow Jones o conse indie user jones Nikkey Dow Jones, institut tk 1950 gi eacuat pe baa cusuror 235 fej cute a es cil (Toko Stock xchae). Ine geome Teens Cer clan act cr co med promt indicilorindividusti i cursarlorttharitor din eogal indicehi a akc nos at ep cent rae cl nde 1-30 (Fnac Tes nds Onry Indes de ip mei tna, reget inde protic mato fundamenae ceo as statics ps cia il nd tsyrs mu we eee tel gap ml ear ‘Sta tg ce tnt wee expe eet etna ass cope Caples os, et os a em nd tol Veriteat-v4cunoytinile 1. Prescot pl indi staistc ce pot clea, 22 Care ete legit cite ince dtp Laspeyre, ol dtp Patch ‘heel tip Fisher? 3. Eounecaf i caatorza principal indicia in economic, 44 Care este difereya dine nds de tip Laseyes i cl tp Passel Enumer prnciplle propieti le Testu Fc Probleme reztate Problema L Ober prin agregar nde propor d consi ‘vind i dsponte duel pid colette indi pesuite pe dene gripe de acini servic ce fae pare din Gemioo ftaca craa fe asus ndii price ie Roan 9) cakalen ile peribe mis amen, tiembe a dns octombrie 2sby cares inst general a prerr, a nivel ttaoe incor de dr 9 tril FeO D1 60) Indice purer proce amen af pal Resale 3) Consider ninen C= py) wnt reprint rfl de camper a rah eprint canines cup din post Indice prerioe e conmun, clout paca aise de I 0 in or, ‘stew indie de tip Lape ect] natedmisritr — | “homies | et : Lou. 408 4-954 4007.2616 1085131941015 62 T_[ Marfan aimentare, din care: co ee 1 | Naor ane dnces {a Ter] _,tesepe sigs trot 26 snns es stns 295 1008115, panic "| ae 12 = 1038 5 pe Tae ee Tm ene init “| BER ete proc sms mcm pss ne mee eS aria iaiaae| BS mg Fests Lona pope 109 ia st Sete : $a pene Sn ane] — 3 Te] Fei iri ph dr serie seoacre duces Tle ee ace fee oe cals pe tLOSOD fi sue )s08 +} een bane [a ie ze “e 7 | aa ter | 9 poi mime il 7I6 ma . _ MO 47-1042 4841049286 a ee micro trl eld cons pope et eet 7 = 3 [portman heme aces, Uo a 2 Pe Problema 2. Deflafonarea a Tar THE previa hones sock avd nob eels 7} i DF) cxtuces pin ane bn co a ay : ba ‘ tim tim tim IM trim IV) bop (ico ‘am ‘ico. ‘aso Ji ‘Cet de pet de aun reste aah td 46 39 ‘ei 96 9 ton ‘Se cee se dete eva reall nell de ini) ake inact roa ‘restr depres ore sb forms de insta Sateen SS een st ae —s el) 23800, PT ee tr a corel vz, ave eve de incl ru cau bt Tea tcopom ft de tim. Peny caus lor cv Burk x8 feiss prop decent indieo,espectiv Mt yea Hytrin en atl 1? oe ass-4n6 = 1988 (0) 300 Cur cin Anebce Tag 5138, Tg sta, 20.09.2001 fa de 19.09.1997. ta Tac cuz evo vireor ele reste ale socket existe th Tipsters Dobie cel nie pi pie Tc pet bar Bi, 1) nie bier se cau cx gn tinge CBr cope basa TH (rk wat wat wt) : e-Sen, Ton) 12308 14863 16556, Problena 3 Colellndele Base de ip Laspeyes respec cf 8 cogil ince ur intr doar tre na acini Neal cess comes tad ei, ioc a teen curs peu ain ‘4 —muminl de aun de tip tanzacionate (volumal) dlee bus doi Lasgeytes negate velba puma] Pon raat inns mao" oe ee [payne = 288 8 2809 706 eae na] fa 000 180 Ao Mires 509 2850, “40676 33104 Lrveoreyay 99559°7400+ 25609-2850 + 450080 4500) ower vs | foo a0 | ates |e # mae, iis beet. Prion bat de compari ete cone i data In ete «st le buvera srt dea 1000 de pst la 467 de pct Pence ET Pin aca mm de chai ansacbonate (oa ©) Rats seb ‘ropes curl aj piel bse Ca de cota precedent) se vlues ph aif rset 2008 fat de 2008 de {ss (00400) ap.7434-449-18 _ 494 _1 psy 2, Ini varie tore Inde Laspeytes 206 En 00-« 6) Lorlon-«(09) ‘=> valoorea reduslorsciailonte cesut fm 2008 fg de 2003 de Tonk os nce veri pe Enon n(09) Fpl) aio > values producorachiifonate a crescut i 200 fp de 2003 de 111 or doi varied canst 28-5438.649.15 | 479 se 61215 4 oo 4e12-18 499 S+I9-6+ 125 46) = 1) Indic Paseo F000) ascras4s09.18 4 res) Enloraioa = lowe producer achizifonat a crescu in 200 fi de 2008 de 102 om daar varied prea FeO aa rontt40 th tg Lnloryafos) 844960998 9 > saloarea rodeo achisjonte a creat i 2004 fk do 203 de 1s oi dont vet cnt metel= Indie Fer 1D (8) = {EPO TEP = SATE GR = 1001 > valour produ achiziionate a erect n 200 fs do 2003 do 1 or dor vara pretut TE) = (REO) P) = VDT TOT = 1041 = vabate prodschr aehionte a creseut fs 2004 fa de 2009 de ao tor vrai cant ostProblema § Cael care factor se compan dp wn mel ratematc de pono Q sup) W108)-108) 078-272 _ 21216 $e comin pes ae se cuose wrt dt ee 12 0)= MOO) OTB. _ 216-295 eee oe - 65) 05)" 7-210 18 es FF = rosa rm erect 20S de 205 de 1295 ora as [ae 3 ri ema de ge [aches Laps a Pareto narte a 130 (= SPOT) ~ AaSRTAR - 1258 be > rosin ome a reso 2006 fa de 205 de 1258 cor W-totetvitne | evs psc angn * Lumina de angst = © 2800) = SE (> STP) = SEATS. ‘tsa su pe tan ne viel legal inn vrei 3 (= ILC TRE (PY = ADIT = 1.295 ins ve odie! pad 305 208 SF = praia te cet 206 fh de 205 de 1295 dat SF spl cama demas Rosle: _ ae Sinemet QW a SF rrobtema 6, Con care fact se cempun pd wn model matenati de ce ie cos oi wee M8) 108) 078-272 212169 a © fmt productions de oboe sate dfiae Wi magne do a = yy 108)" 62 210” 132 7] est pen ears se cited se mie) po > pwd me reset 2006 2005 de 29 a —— 2 Ani iio factorial a AY | Sitters a cal 26 | 2 “ar (n), W083) _ 078-210 1638 yay a ea | st | 70 (as) 05)" a2 210” 302 ; Si suze elie cif de aici pe bz infor vari => pret Seis reset 2006 fa de 2005 de 1258 ott imearae foie ic en a vey MUSH) 062-272 168.64 oa US) 08) _ 08 =1295 4 1H ass) os2-210 7 1902 Sttemincua: — CA-CA+A,+CH, > podciaHet « ct 2006 a 2005 de 1.285 oi i! mir ng DP tedase witerte sy CAD HCAS 4CHS _ 35420670_ 125 bc Pash 3 = Eo a >a nee eee CF CaP + cA "28425431 ~ 105 1258 mrt a gs) tf) "os 27 okt prose it» est 20065 apt de 205 de 1.258 ok daxores Strel pocetalangat 08 cia de aces recat 205 a be 2004 de 1,19 03 2, Ini vaio fatnne 25 tne Lames,2. CA vat sca _ 38425451 AP FCAE Cat” D5 26451 ca deste ast fn 2005 fh de 208 de 1.057 ata Sigel ciel de aces mga | cu (2) =A ECA +cat om TO ar cate ca Bev a6est 105° = cite de fat ex mail 2005 fi de 2004 de 0.93 0 ‘evar ate nicl 2 en ayn nee 2H 86264701. ay sO CAA SCA” 4D 1 ita de atc era 25 fh de 2004 de 1.181 Set ‘eine ltel sce maga 3 rato): 25420451 _ 99 1 tic Paasche sat (pp CAP ECAE SCA _ 35420470 125 ogg ISU) Cae Cas ca” 2840-708 cit de tics «cst 205 fh de 2004 de 1.059 oes ‘rine deer «np re, (nye CAE HA CAE _ 582047 St)” Gasca cat 38526 = cia de ster ex lit 2008 fh de 2004 de 0956 os to vi lel fr agai 2 CAP CA 4a 35¢m0¢70 5 Caecat CaP 35420431 106 lta de fcr cect fn 2008 fa de 200 de (79 dtr ‘el tel de afc mga CoA ni Fier . 18080) = fTSTETO) TERE (P= 00715 = 1.088 =a de feta erst In 2005 fa de 2008 de 1,03 0 date ‘aii! col de aes a msgs 180, (8) = PEE) (P= JOT OH = 0988 = cite de aloe s-¢ modest 2008 fa de 2008 de 1988 ot ‘ore vara fel de ice a marin 2 185 UP) = YB) Tae (P) = YER 1580 m0 >a de fice 9 reset fn 2005 fh de 290 de 80 ot dati ‘oral ite de ace mein 3 Prt Disa Gen I Dec Gena ior Pubic jue fin dereference, cers att ane Stuns me pas smene oacent Sones t 1 w ¥ Verinci —_[ 5 @ w 70 Gwe | 3B = w Temata Eo co T @ 2) Colle reutarl cin reciza denamies i, 1) Venue we mii in mide opera ln de ors 6) ecite ox 4 modifi rol ctv Tn em Uf “cms I, stb nsn exes a vena oa tse tole coset)? (Dar supcouaceleutoy, a semasoulV a de esta, pen eto Pace? Resa: ‘Swat in cml sez = yeni clue REV.CH. 2) Son complet n tbe ~ est orb espe protit y= BAe = 0.07 yeti rei va mie need. of de ao seme nity = =a 9 RO) = Fag aa ing WU EH _ 60 53 SEN) = appa Bea aa Moe) = [EGLO 0 respesiv de deserter dacs b £0. Pri vari timp 36 mao cu aftr ae de eva atl 3 opines sel, espe aon de ist pt sabi nd ssbirar Uneor petra uguarea calculi st tabiite st net #0 Varantele varie rezind i coos Aste, den exe ing, respect pea pat nn PSS OSOSIS2S,. aa FeeweS3 LGA. Cu excep cube oti cola fuci tne din tbl 6,1 pot fi adise bo ormé lnnrzat prin amie substi, espe pein plese operate de logarimare fy eal fn sponse fait ere Spree epi, ncaa ding exponenfle Tab! consider un model do dascompunere mali, =, pena de Drie ambioe medrese Iny,=matehbs Ine, Pra baile A=Inq,B=Inbin,=Ine, se fie fra Tia 289bey, = deen, a Apis etd eb oi ptt eter AB 5 a) = Mane) + we-WOF 2 a(x)-om40) 7 and eu =I nl lt ind ei 4 Teh yat deat - Gin coal A pet Bo pot demon pram tenes camel ame! bee? a Incl endin prbolie ~ Seeebree 44, a ode =, pny eit ame © len eile do Gist deinc heat regese fare mip, eto eveml cave oars arial bet |= 0 cope find prc cle) a aimaree poranetior curbel ogee voces tlizarea woe erode qectce J tpl poceduior nummeerave peo ode |B Rimi hoa mca cepts cla, 19, mete nga ‘ons pe sti a emp Enacted are p Tak kw af ral ode ite pty pf ina ma revons amare 299 hn 20 brn de compari 1936, © a © tenn race oo _ Cronograms seri sopra pete ue tein are, pose ae suprapunc components tarde spine es i yaar. fh Zeal Paeanei edn se dei din ike: ene wenay we) [woo a a= Mn om, 20 Figura 6.6.0 Indie pret produce industrials —~ Tenia _Bxemptickn din cluttered Ta e8 zeal yn BARBS TD & 8 (5403.8) 2-480) is MeeyeP EA iin mo S33 Mon ss remukind 72-05) Tens sre se etimears ri nets de grade a peercantts lie grafic exe od fia 66 Bxempel 6 Einar toting paraboice "nei din prodks rear in general pe tren lag otek conform care lginice. Considerod itera ta cre de ting, ett Ibpinieg poe fi pti cao aucoesiane de cdi: fa prima fal evolia oss scsi prio deep, outs apd deo exponen, sia parcaft, penru pana de cegere ln sexpert Sean ‘ep eo pana pate de ma os dan eos var pe 0 pore de 10 conmottne dn ac ren i Figura vot voluradl voit Corser eet pnt rode tein un pin de grade iT, ast eee 1h coi ea pei extinaea parame ab em fern sec dew sof death, vor tbl vail vial ast] tet #20, especie =D. 19, Prune sat Tn acest sz al desi: son, Mey _ Morn -ManMie) we) aM) es M1 1 aS D4 sor i9ma8 ‘ein umatorte vor pet paras eine po249,ee13, a =5586, = 98864240-0.15" Dac ae pumem problema lege set mut adecrte fant dite Fponiol feaps (ps Mune sygorue de combarand_ pens or s8R= 0-1) Ase + cota pramet repli, ~ 508+ 2.5, poise dlemink ‘sm pte rersduurbo SR= 283) (o-83) Visine vise inp an fost comiderate sale "+ nt pao T, 55.6 +2418 se ie SSR = 12.25. FBeotern acestui citer, paraboln este rai ificati deca deapta in “sire ted opt 7 Eimarea enn exponenile rovisnines popula ne ii = schinkloe i sacra sa pe ase, contin componente importante le decor pe lermen ne vin scr asarieo soetle i ep a pension nuatad puis de igre Popa Romane a crest th petals 1980-1988 tat-un im Me de solr, up cart atk de ma fo a iT toa i pig EA EN EA ES BE AE a EBS1. Davee confirms Iptete mode contig pinto fant Peptic al ace sesh conologce mugen urtowce fone ‘andl pete mela tein 1) deat T, =e vespectiy ) funn exponent: 7, = 0-8 ura sails fine acre vom clela cooiieni do varia corespunakor dieretebe Ay reaped ay ME as aa aS as TT a °, ai ee TEOGE AO ogy we 0007 +0002 5-009 5.9959 + (021-0.187)° 7 0388 reestiv ing) = 0.384 Voloile ctor dol costco variate sum deh de apropite, teu difreatle dato gare pects uz tad mn mie de pers, ‘pond dee ainda i repay dears tei. 2, tiaras tendinelexponntiale Model tenn prc fincic expoeaili, I) model Loar ubilor mem conde I linizre tending: Tey, inate We, ot “ae a oO Ta Te TS +817, unde 2, =Iny, A=, B=, = Ine Mozy-meoMeZy wery—lMial 18.100) 4 228107) 43.142) Seoltn pen praeA eect rome stimai Be 0008, A309 Param ene exponen es fn cose ane =2211, Bae" 1.005 7 enxo.a05) Ma= 519, Maa)" 65. stimare componente determinite nca serio seznkere resume inact paragae eia cronoogch prez tending seronalilae ys components akatoare. Vor prezenta model deena 3 train woes a compowete! yeni 65.1 Modell de dscompaner,Perioada componettsseconore etry wegetes model de descomguners ene indict aca cronograms see Teel! 62, tte modal de oie do sri din ‘hte five, pen compuncea dae o tea lath 91 0 composers ‘eronert enim clara. tn consent sere ma Tez varie lc, respeati aleatoue, aden C=O gi £ =O Ta cazl models atv respi C= 19h =I mca apt.“abel 62. Modeled descompunere a seriorcronloice Tie del matical a 7 = a 7 10 a i i = Figura 69, Modlal matiptieatv TS 3 Tell 6. Bugle de ser cu component sexnierd Cromrama eslor dase ex eal fi 68 respect 69. Sema aoiti 62 Bumped wl cuconenents genera cote alooed un model ar etic cind empliudines — UB | Sa 7 ecto cae pronimay. onsen (ee gue 68) aponiy ah LY —— ae a matory cd plies crete tga 89.) au sade Mm | eacaea le rk Frectnt tn posts ee ect mode mapat 4 es Pre ear pede ate Perionds componente! sonore, rotate p, represintl mmtrul | | tapi inp dir cual um cl sezane, Majoras seilor trp deter ape ‘eeonere din Gomesialeconanis ou data wala de un an p in egal eae] rd ian dtl anette, respect 12 i zal dtl amare. Pin Paces (omme) ces tease ot fst fonoene or data woul ih aH ch Ge una | | : pea acs empl ratte sun reenateaabelal 6, paises] a a : = /\ SS ‘cxgaras eis peti soni varisbisk alias sgn A [ V perioad p Petre dexcopeeaunor ose scims se upload la mete a " pec aaizl space (Teco 2, 1989). Figura 68, Model ade T+ 296 a(652 Blminoreasomponcatlsexnterewicind mete maile Petr eimiorea component sezonire (Bsezonaieare sere) se split datelor 0 todie mobi de ordin pega ce peioada comyponees wBrmere In encase be sn! tansfor nie fae 2 z A ‘Asie, F,corespune valor observate y, penta t= K-41, 4-425... fn contnuare prin medie mobil tn cz p par se va telege mee mobla TU Gata sr pect ene hp tor ar spel ty cam prin p 4, cn nh cre i ath eile einen comport soni /S)~0. 4 ntl cent st dt hie: { ciinres component sleaou /(6)=0 rapetv 3 5, = DRE NA Paty 189, + consrvarca tend ga componente cicee fT) =, : a ee : = 5, xBSntnt yet rer, Mesileoie de np rl comimte Mp. 0 ite ‘ te umtor e eae pee lnper p=24 +1, mie mobi de nin nk Wye eaters 405Ie Sedat ttt, poke etek le 4 ? 2 rrp oe medio noble 4 tease por p= se deine og : a Daas eas eae Yuasa Banas Dock en ct prin ? 4 " aun pi spe te mi waded tn patti, 1h408 E415, os MRE OS Siglo limit" cat "vabrieetete nd conta E i ME pet elnnarea at compoente seri de acta p more lato econ ne ala bse Hau se ae on) 4 rnp va apf serie o mate mobi dod p. “ + Mote 'asbie d tgl medion snickers a fa os ice | nad fia de ra bly, 48 AL teil ei “Toe = P= Dee te comer pl apnea este mei mile, Tora perc 4 naira ue mel ase ponies ce comer polo de ent pre 4 fedsapror 110) s . AE * Vauenomerney, Rorespnd ovale aon, saat eao : fant rede rine weer eda. SET Tee Te Tease | + Smarr ces ar mal pace pI, espe permet 3 sec a nal, dap ca pete ipa st pr. Am vend ck va este mn atte vk ¢ inermedar, noeel mmm, “ne a i Gal on le par eu um Ate apct Mictl doe So oivcrs scsi. In scope far wor ‘Septet ce teste ste nt erie et xemphi 8 Hnirea component scones led dle ob ‘ott are ten typos ce hea per soe peels Miers compet sci indie ne ‘male mobiecnaat de orn pdt Paar eageror,exprimat hn millon Klbct,sevoaa keGraf serie in figura 10, augeenr 0 components soonest edominante de psoads p= 72 conform spor telel it ma {none inte de wr, espectiv In prints strsiocioe de ae Pen ‘hmiares sezoalait split datelor 0 media moms de erin 12 ep cu fericdaconporetel sponte. Grafial waloroe descmnaliate ete rent ge 6.10. Modile mabe de onda p = 72 sot cleulate colorm relat de eine «meter mobil cena. Axel sre exp jpMRULtt tetas ttt gt 8 A Pur 610. 0 Poros pagets = ABI2} an Dries ober fst nde aii hori crokologist ys, ‘Tubes 64 ini varie medio mobile, Sein mir mobil pczentt grafic igs 610, iio sven comporent! de ted in ‘roi trafic de elitr pe prea sone, Tube 4 Mele mobite de onic 12 Sa 4 ee ee oa ee | ea é ma iD , is eee ” t DB 5 Fi mo ® te eee aisha 65.3 atinarca tend serio seonire Tn cul serio seo se ese peponderent In Hest dud moda de eimai 1 cesesonazrea sek ar sol etme onine prnnd de In ‘lore deseronatizate (Perea, 1958) rds iene porn de mati maa 1 Bstimara tend! porsind de a velre desesonaiate Conform poprig medilor mobile de ale 1 soxyponensor pisice, pent lines componetelsezonite (dsezoalites sei) Se va plea dtchr 0 edie did de rdn unde p este Peay componente sexoniere. Seta medilor mobile 9, ez, ra i ecin wore desezonliate, a conn component seznier, Petra mdelven ‘eo sere ni te a ein Sst componenta de eng, conform aloe prezzo fn arageafal 6, pena de ta eis deseronzls 9, x012 Bstimarea tending ize dior eferemte cra an ‘Arent dale de etiare presupune eae valor meg ovale pence din om an sap obser Sea eroologe amir conespunzoare fel an: (1 2 a) On te I) conine compoocu sence eimaren tending sisi i {hr coor prevent naga 6 (654 Batimarea componente! evoniere Vom expect mist de etinie componetlsezoiee Win inom cpio wma Ake ema doesn 4 ny oeure tron model de sgresie mai ein erm tours atrae(Gmrions al 150) + hnGlaer compet pla ere) coe eigononetice onic sa, 189. {neler determi) coslelor serait vom iia sent not ep nn general eam cy cn), vari de uatlan ince pnts sezon vind de lp. Modell de eicompuner sere ae frm yyaTy a5 Fey espe yy TS 6 Sezonalitc se manifesta orm crater Ta componsaee cra pe termen ng (enn 9 component cil) Te espe Cheicta econ cust seete abwerd de lo toni ~ cet ema tac factor sezoier. Ta foefie de iota cones Privind component teil cia fe pactich Ini pics dons Foe deere» sestor: metas compari cu mee mobile spect ‘eto compari eu tei 1. Meloda compari cu medi mobile Se comida, in sett contest ch seria petiné componens de readin repety ech, dae mss emile ope pevind forma actoa Compost evolu pe een ng ein ciel exe pri co medio urea sil TC, = MF, -estimal pen mile mobile Jy {in cant modelo maliplcaliy toda sits teat sb dermien de metodsrporti da Inet mobs nor ‘cle medior nadie y de ondin pega ev prada coment clea rpoureioe $= yp/ jy 66 emetic shares dkr berate def tending Dack Fim nde je sits in seen Daze irene consttue eta pet 5, 4 determines wa indice maa pera fecre seroma 0 mai 3 ‘mie proce: ‘cit juts prin necesita climinki fetal alestr din 5). Pent 3 ms flea de salorle exene, enor inne de calcula mei, sete valor se eimint, sau tk de medic 4 oir alors mata estima, tr) Valorie rnutate $, s¢ ames init of sexnati conte componenea sezonet. In semoaee pens eae) *100 < 100 for ‘eoonir su condus la 0 mimi’ 4 valor berate fh de vibes oesponltore de pe tnt h mee ch 10S, 1) rove, repecty fics 8, > salon oberate sot mi mari det cele e pe tend aIn cuz delat iy deccminarea componente sezone decerge alg. dar avin fn veer len aii e deacompener, cosine itera se sterile gs co -LSs Sy coco scoabi as luck nda Le, =0 ° 2, Metoda compari ew tenia Aceasth mei porte de a remisn model teil pesto funcie lementrh, Calle prvndetimenca componente sezoiere Chetry dupa vecest pricph expe Ik metoda compart edie ‘Moe. ALE spe ete, ncn modell mii sete writen 7, 1 apotlnre wbie obserate tending Sy = 4 T ‘+ component ez, aca oust a nde eral [Hxemplal 9, Eimarea conponenietor determine fn cai! snor Datel rv evo et prodit de ere din for nant (xe tr pesiace 19962001 ska idzate abl 6. Tbe 63 Elia mesial a product de here, perioada 196-2001 ‘997190280. 2006 ows aaa 2) Cate medttor mobi de okn Grau! svel(igua, 1) indies pene mel componente scone predominant de eric p = 4- Punta d porn in extinea we omponesclr dteminse conti seri motor tle (valor ‘leseronaiae) grees eal 6.6 grafic igur 6.11 Matte motile de ordin p = 4 sum aleulte conform rela de eine alr mae contate Atel pre xen OSes Kerby HOS, S106 1265242 605x120 2 a1918 5x26 2524412451 1901405%2002 " 219497 jg OSA t at Ya Pa AOSHI = PHA HSIAO ag Datel erate at fon suerte sin oii eronlog ky, Taba 68. Mee mobil de ond 4 Ta = mM, 7 a is 283 a tbe? 261 5 Iie bes 4 mao os 5 aoa 3 Hy sos 1) stimaren tending pond dea valor detente Seria moor mobo poz gae fv Nigra 6.11. elev o wert tein eet rod de ere, Vor order tei nit 0scvigines do misrare np reset Tat emu 1996, wnt de Intrusion. As ent mera I 1986 ae e= 7 yam Co Taco OLE AT 97 Mee) - OOF WZ) bMCd, Cale tera: MQ) = 108, M(Z)=2529, MO") =143, MQ) =28849, b= 69, a=18044, Tenner debt period anare 1956 ~ianie 200 1, teat +69 7 Ul ‘igus 6.12. Producti de eres = = MAM; == Ten ) Esinarca component! sexoiere ria metoda rapa ta medi robe Cor aplitudlaeaoscilb reste worn imp, etonogrms si upset esi consider wa odel mica yale Stl l Qpn6 te FL2 A Dateless pent 6 a 98 sre preaete at soa ‘Tot nesnm de nota specioe paras 8.84 repent velit 206 woucjei 6e boro io anal {imental j, Ante spe exes Me a "2524 1 Jy,~ Ye =185.0, Mile motile din taka 6.6 tet ramps un abel anuog ou el de pezenase dato observe: boon__ona 60 : Rapourtele S$, =} 100, respectiv motile acestors pentru fear sexo st indi ell 627. Taba 67 Call ndicitorveconaltt a Cn for 6a Re DAT Tos took 6k7 aa) 0 too Glee 1387 mola 1289 a Medin 996 Ss, 66 ld 0 Mea 100 xplicti prvi ealelle: Be 100 «225 100= 9 Yn og! $= 2-100= 1224 199-653, game 5p OO un “Cur era de apo cee ape te dele obser weil motile sont mai kh deca 1 peu Winwetce 1 iV, sind soll prc Kt seman), jotta P5435 651 +S 45n*5a ess, 10684‘Valborea mee scr ine eo 996, etek et nest 9 coral atl net dia st 10 4 100 «855.199 =686, $,=1314, §,-1940, 8, 688, jz 100-8 6,5, “1314, 51340, 8, =68 Urine a crater seronier specie. podactt de bese, ty trimesrt Tprodiia a fst mck mee ca 344% det ane fomspnoae de pe tei Tn rms I producti fost mie frome de 34 ot dest wai de pe ein. Analogs inepetear Si Se CComposeta sezoie exe datt de sector format ea ini secon 636: L314; 1.340, 0685, 808180 ‘Bxenmpll 10. Esimare tenn’ porn de fa medi ferent ca cn ‘Vorn consca cee dt: cv mest» prot de be ia aa oat (och mi BD i peda 1996-201, ita abel 6S, Prada mic inet drial peta Becae din ti Sune a TFT edie TSBs S995 27.3 HDS nay 299.24-252.41045 191.0, Tow 7 oy H304 2802426064151. op CConserim 1995 aul cig de misurre = til, untatee de srt nn nll coospnator anu 1986 ete Tat eae eats eeeer a een See SOE ss HBA HIS Tenn no ferent ester exe 7,157.07 28% Cresees oie anes a proguit exe 28.3, lar estren aie tries oc conser a 28.0 71 ‘Valorie tenn ferent pv observe in ete i abl de mui jon avin aver cretres medi testa de 7. a mr MAL 2b 217 te NS 26 2487 Bo 98 snd ooo_ 3883s 5 ven general, pootru seri de itervule, vaaren indieatoru se atribwie 66, Componenta ect tn domi cowie ah compen C, se eonestize in erm uot har de egusnn, regctrecesine sono. In ex ar coonomic we teed parle de expe ci, eine sae esa conor Urns slo dra 9 anes EES aval ting ear dela score tate lal SESE periamee Congo easo sai ie epee pcr se ore See stone 8 cotta ene cat seen roger O grt apt gsc psc de eared ataes comic fe reel ner pon pods nao bee, ct die pv TRSEM tm awe de er esesthpovatinn msl como weet ik ect) pet uate eva ain ae op Sin es dob fonder sc ch 9 ie svcean Sos ina eromnasinponan eter pte de eas ern peel aia cb a states econ bel, Sop eer 1989). ‘rion model, component ie ete epoxmas de cick pens Fore, oobi are de oc ord oo 9 ov) sin instruct wate, toda dept copl preven ce lai 52. 1985).Peotru sepraea componente ciclce s poate utili moda compari 1 tenn (ecicen, 184). Spe exerph Taz medle ipa rarsc-b, nto const in cael indclor de cicticate, Ate 1 se estinea ea pinto funciona, Dac sera pes econ se pommee de dle deveronatiate st de mee ual; ‘+ secliminS components szonior din date obser, ia poi se tiiiesed mod mobile tm scopul china componente estar ert vale nto y, (ably, 7 -€ y 1 secaeaer indi de cease prin apr end: Indi ort ses niente de a ten fc a iii Ge (67. Previa utinind models de descompunere. Masurarea acura ‘prvatunloe (674, Previn iticind made de descompunre Previsionile peivind evolutia variables smulizte ? se obtin prin compunerea preichnitor realizate pentru scare component. prezeath sec, jnd seama de forma modelo PaT+E4$ mapeativ a7 ES. NNotim cw jy. previrinen calizatt la momenta, utili dtche Jet deteminite se ealaoars ast: + tein: se exrapoloacdsendinga estat emcee exerp in xz tein Kine Fag at H(atA) + componeniasezsiet: s wieart cogficienal sezonait aferent Seon corespunztor momeatulel a¥A, san ak metnd de modeler a cess: componente tes wn ovznt de ting hy Previziunes componente primo faneie 310 components citi fini sara de srt indir de ciate, respety de pie exer ibd parte de ere Spe exp fo aul absence, alan previsonalt ete Fog Fa #5, weet Hoy PaaS, penne at et opi "xtrapoees ends, essa cobahe componente detent, conduc pov advan conde ce hae extrate reuge ah spin coca. ce se exe repos a comportneatl uct eaomemi, eect ‘comporamentl faced ce determing chine fo timp fn sive regi de varity ie 9 pe vir apocinaael, Eteplrea ee adeeat in principal penta ctieren de previo pe termea ptt elaborindo-se de regla dou sau mat mule sees de ola Bxcmplal 9 (comtauare) Previn produ de bere Thbellurmitor cone previa, dale ele, sepetv ene de evihoneprivind vel pri de bers reenter rensaeoranteore pct 2 201. Valo else sespecti ale componete sesame st F 2h) = 18048 + 69521 = 325.4, espeav $4=134 Modell de dscongurnte consider fot ct makita, et 8 ‘loaea evn ee Fa M5 Mah —43595 4055-43595 =-1035Exempla §(catinuare,Prevines ideal ana lpr prod rite [Asin n yer tei estat privnd eon acest ino T3355 +0191 evil esptv cri de pein peste period Tali Devers 300 sn neat ma os Tne ase ee “dee Tay hes 196 B28 RT Prdime 216 «738736773792 fmoee O24 OS 04203305554 Ptr hin Tlie 2000 ae = 19, expos tein onc I 355-4019 x19=716 a8 semplal 7 contmeare) Preise pope! Rome Ten evoite! populated rt soars estima peat peroada 19901988 nba al del de crexere exponential a st T=2010(.089 © extol acti feainf (Be as fe seam de comitile fn cate princi extrpolre somdace I valor aorta idea pore Previn pet a 200 de “p= 22. 11x( 1.005)" = 24.36 ml oer seen ret i de 229m eitor: Dops 1989 tendin schimb {re uci deers’ dl econo social, eu nent rest cpr vole populate! un ie schmbundu se estan a deel i (a 198) ~ 1988 (perdi I entionea enn) (672, Misurore var prvicinalor Duck mde elabort conduce la peviziile 5, Faoay covespeaoare dtl 3,75. ei a msm caine aces de @ soem povirin aleeate Se ulaeant o see de neater sini ai rororde prev, eal eevee la Wd croarea mes pltrtck mse "S04 a exam et sh wss-1S-5] crore me shot eri poem: aire 1 ADL Frere npc se wiles dos 9 pare din defn stimsres modu cle simioe {cle rah recente), wm! a compare ct Devine corspnsitoare generate de model Dine msi mule meele Serie de previo este selec cel ce conduc Ia ef edi de revise ma ik Dupslegcen md, aces pts etna Sd Incomerre oat date displ ‘at yarn de cont in compsrareaprevisinr obfinate din wel ea cle generate “mir”. Conform "rede nai de prevaune” mar alto) vloues rps ds lal ornare pn vf co regia in raze £68, Descompanere serie pe componente Ct dsterinae componente delenit, componetaaletoare se btn prin ciniaea sora dn dele observa Hes, bp yt Gy 4S,) acura le pone dexcorpusd atte yo ‘a cezal modell mapa, espeti seria croologck ct tee componenteRxemplal 9 (continue). Dscompanerca sere pe componente Pear eno ot sia oda ia Talia 6or el. 2 iin de sre pul find rime Cl ari 1996, wate de ‘ton ua times, Chreponetsserories cost In nic sensi $6865, w13H4, 51340, 5, 683. Components civics s- negli far components aleatowe (rid) ae ‘Selec an sera de form apa moh ‘Comp. sestoat (Reidwe) = eae Tobe 68 Descompunerea sell pe component An Tim Produce MMG) Tennis Coup. Restos 1961 wu ° hetero as wv mes tot? doaae 4959 wrt Hal 7k ote ase O56 i buoa oma donate aan nen aad Ke LM 0s W sll a> malate em 1 Its m2 MAM OS 109, 1 mia uso sm le oon moans ts ase 30 arr t Moo bad bane Ie 058 w wekT 261.7 TTT Osis u ane "2897 B13 2865 m airs hee ‘oe ao 1 fond MISH OA6 re i joo kas 316 base 1 psu 40 bone wv Huish Da Peau mice i revit component alentoates pomete de ta era eid cre ee o sere oor, se eaboeazh un mdel de Virautorereiv mie modi. 6.9: ebie de neteaee ‘Aurel clad coma wri ofr id foane cl pind qrccaa eseclv form teins, exe nia ae i rail 0 ‘ade meer ce emsart apitdinea ctusior lear din see, ‘Split evdonpierea efinaren) ese. Tete de etre pene ‘intend medi obve atin ei exponential, 694. Medie mobie ee ee ee eompotene scare nine scones, id nat un odin Stalmare Gack anpltudines Healer aaloa ete mah are. Orca, "Blue din component leur i peepuate, elmira aca 56 (Shela dow pred Pin apices unl mets mobile, niet dor SEtcn ampltadnee Mnchopilar se reduce. Raportsl dace digersin entowe io sein eect 9) mia aia ee peony (Goer & all, 1990) ep ‘Atel ct onal medi wobec msi mare cat svn medilar tate ante educeea ampli componente aleatore uci ‘empl 1 nei me "voli curs vos asta ete dona principal de Mt skatoae Eleaf estates nor component detrini,asopsl ‘Mec de previini ese won impostha, cea mal adevallpeizone Sect cut tn cotta wctoure ind cae easul pez (onde 8p fret lean Pean 16 zk eaccave de cots dim grafic in figure 6.12 voir cus uel asin In scoel vide ends sx wt lil obi de din p=, rogue p = 7 raul find ete fa (ell deat jo, pra gr 6. eae mobile de onin p= Sat284901359, Wr wen SONS ayy petted 304, celta ind clea wo mani sii Olservin ch medile ble de orn 3. conduc 1a rere satstcitoue Pin eelte ell la p= 7, gad de etre ces dat Temi termeilor erie vlriemteie te vedce sania G10 terme Figura 6.12 ~~ Cure att. — MBS}, -— M7) (69.2. Tehnica meter exponen simple Valorie nent, note $85.8, 8¢ detent conform ermal erent: 820,408, unde 5, = yr €« 0] ene constant desler, Urmitosrenexpraic chive, 5, = 2.3m, sae var oor tlt a moments depade de wecufesomanu 9,7, yr) at fondee fete obser droge. Vier ox aces relzer aot Aepnde de conan de tee ind cee propia ef tne coctcetl (1c)! dose rp see er, steleavloue neti §, epi inmate ns de observa recente . ‘Aegres unc ral opie per ¢depind de casceriile ih ent se Motunt eva fia vaste mut apeopats de zr, 2c00| ile evs ete gal eva comida o aor pera eanopia ann Un eter a obectv de determiare const poste 8 tia $2 Gomiteoux& (1980). at espa ini compost ete, aa tea onenine spe conduce fn geal Ta Teztote rai bune dst cele exo ‘nt led med be xemplal 12, Redcerea ampli componente aletcare prin ria rete xponetal el das dn xen tr ics ya. Grate 69. ros sein aio acter inte pi thoi ee ‘Sonate simple ptr dosh vo ale constntl de neice © = s Pigua 63 -o- Curl ainis ~ = Valo mete © = 05; — Valor ettee =O Lobe neteite,respectiv nodal de clea aera peney € = Bee resus cece mes‘loi ete cal din rei droit $= 01y, +095, Ast 8, =O.y, 4095, =01-298¢09-299=299 uh, #095, =0.-30.1+09-299 299 ele va ln btimte aon. ‘Otmarsimet' valor arpa dO per conan dente conde ‘gd de neta apron. 640, ate rmetode de prviiane boven burl pe decompurerea sere gi previsines lie componenc ese inal atc! clos evalua feeomefalatalza ee Temi cl se comer claro fora tein respect componsta {Crone ae manifesta frm sno ees regulate. Expnen a frame Aloe metode ute i revie, eele dine ck ind todas tliat Incapilcesnteriae fae sopurt doit previiune 1, Previn iid madele de regres ‘nth ett vlalwm model de ropes post lint pete presen varie’ dependote Spe exempt, In zal seb ar tiie previ vibe Ye oie dit San Mab Kyoan 5K nas Hoot OX, Otcrvim ck pontn prviiuac variable ¥, valor varibibor expliatve le rzonl fy a8 Xyprn Kaeay SOE pre EOE ct ce iplict-un eft sipimenar pene peviivnon To, eopeciy fenerenct weamulayes de eer Uncle varie explicate ma neces evisises, ivebl br vitor find e mre pate soit de Tor econ (eurol de schiaalmonedel sion, celui fveraancnae, sou Je abel miroesanome. chee de publica, pret ee), Reemplal 13. trl mol etic depen cert nar nun prs euzcutetC fexpina nai kg), faci de preps (ite. ‘reli un prado p, (ite), espe vena constr Wa: G=M5-02p, +0149, +42¥, a8 Pose wemstosre hin ftentioneant petit wl pet pet pros a my ees 9 aie 4p oo evel af de SS mies. in sceste mote cetera prevziont este det G.=225-02e120-+010%130-+42%55= 398 mike Bouin permite i eftre vor simul, bs diene per peste eu pr. Ineamesietul prvi nastts previ variable expats sin code de ropesn, pire pene varoblle expen nchse oo thet rab (Xr 4a arb xpi de ip saree ( Yeon) Gia & a 1985, Ofer inr-inpro exe fncie de peal x din at (ci) teri Aes tip de model pat tine cd inher petal cet se Initia obymeren ani produr posta care ete recor vn irl ‘emificay do tnp proces do wodacti Exe se ec Cobweb, scar fea darn prs acl pei et cient de proj abu i aa aio Acct ates pare stn cori de ving "2 Inveitile sector comercne depind de profit in ais “In conor, in seer moire wor vrai are ote dp sn amined np mt ysis ma et Spe camp, seen ‘elders oft inn pos doce crests pre cere stocor ‘avenca une bp seers produc exemple pos cotiga, blorres wou model de eres nent tp 9 fo tan ur un del ne demena qvalnt pote ie pet genres ‘prvi potermen mati 9 ng 2. Previn ulaind model de netesie exponentials Spee deoseie de modsee de ees, ce dese al grat lai ie variable eplica dec vera dependent egress omit var, acete mde de nets exponegls sunt corte exci By ‘coptlprevrni, Tenia meet exponen ape pats acta seri cate peneralvat i lew pnt olinren de previ. Metal Ainsceaa cts eco o interven rasa a anal, ied wale ca Feponiore ch thc automate In ofiere rape provi pe Ten sour, spe ouamplu i qreviuea Viniebor pe Sonimete Iksie cea bce us mam mae de sortie. In nda sia lees dovede a fa pracidcanateseroase, doing La rezute mat bated ae sted nu stat (Chat! & a, 1998), ‘Vara simpli acs rah, tn ere peeve som bate x omedieponderaa datelor repent tet Sth) me Seedy, 66 [0 est lect rovzvl serilor stains, aed sevior ce mu pein fonponent deeds. Echivalen, peice pf ojo ecren 50) =e, +005.) indicted 0 matie ponderh Ite una observe dsponibity,5 provirines fect pent 5, (0) date precede. Pet inti algeria se pouteconisere 56 0)~ Smeaton 9, (8) pein reuizal la moment, tid (eye petri ioe te Met generat vrlanta Holt Winter este adcvsts penta ss cu tent seanainte, del oki. Previa aa dae de © fnctio de previo local nia, vaore de pe tdi ir find ‘Soret ott ice seonit arent serra pe eave te reales peeviune 8.46 Ha entry O< AS py iarpenns p< 2p, incl fy, 0 4 nocucw Termeni, respect ram dep se dis dup formule de recut de ip naere exponen 5, fze|r0 als,.+T) falea-an, 1 ‘epoca Hol 20 Cele te constant de neteie sti 1, sofa de ised cfc i pooitte tern scestra ita vn eters do gt face valo ce dace ele aim ect de previ). Ulin we ent cotate apo de no se sco ponder mat mate osevtae Un trou, al od evenuaeetucuatue din datle recente oe even wm ‘etm ls supa pve O modaltte de nializae x lpr te burcet pe mea dtr dn pin cil sezonie stl (ela, 1990) Re ) Ghd, Det yan detent protien pin oo ese xl anh de Scopus ask cog, pt Stionte acne vb pn res nf, Mecoele din aceass chs sunt we de rogram, sour de statis find nce met reer is, dr fran wile Ta ‘he teze de empl 14, Previn’ prin tad de nteie exponen Holt Waners Ttind oh Hote Wines pot prvioes prod de tere rein da dtl dere f eo 196-2001 prezate exept Ee obinurmioare walt: ar Trim. Previa) Prnciey __Bvoaeyy 95 T 1253 ar I u 2081 2632 ai 2001 sis se aa isa 1956 ais oun 20.2 aA 20 Previa a onaioae nese at indies gra STSFigura 6.15, Prevican produce de bere wisi metda Hol Winere Valorie nik in formic de rcaes a conse: 5921910551420 nde sexe prodin mei i !1996, rm ctx, a yar Tees evat vee ic ap cranes 68: = OES ye ee BUA Fraley os fy = 58. ‘onal de nti ft dene tn Bara ter ‘opin: core mic abot (AB) mnie obi Rit fa havo Exempliichin cll! preva (ve mere) pon in. TespectvT 201986, Pr trim 1 1996, reviuncapivind prodnide tere oe 541) (ST) Ls = 191 0540.655=1253 ‘Previa peti tim, a 196 teria Pci, tn 1996) 3d= (4+ TDE [owl ive S exte min ponder tine’ date deserontizate 9 bac (eye eda atime a oma precedent of ize Loss |+03059+ 19-00 jeax91.05 = 1997 Pence pa, nou value este dat de media pomlrats 3 ize rive So Huestis a pate: (5-9 +09 TO. (189. - 191.05 ow rviioen yet tm Il a 1996 ete deck: 5) = (088.7 0.14) 314 = 24008, Tok sett eapt oe determin 0 woot vbr pets indole seni teen tim var ce va zal no etapa mote, Ast [pao [2 paosneeanese lade wing estinais sponibid pear indies sexier, act wf $3. Modelo autregresve, Modele ARMA Modell storere surpnde cancer rej epecific wor fenomene in economic, valor Curente irl epemiene fn principal Cle dn priaelepeceente Preven lesen patek mele de cd 920, aoa ahs Dred fname exe seni, pot apes yi teen de Frm 4 str dit Wines, reapectiv yy peat dite nae. Vara Y, owe 6 pei a find “a nti” 0 variilbor X,...X, c6 exlet comprtsnentl vrai depend Y, Paramec mol se eaten snag ex cei dn mde de reprsi, der sia vai modell depiete senpel prevent eit {Gourerous al 1980, Un adel autre grei dl ora ne et de regular pe: previupen comsmula do prodso de sic neeutate ale se reas 120 revneaconsamuhi de ap say energie apenny prevzinen wor indicstor: mcroeconomici, sn vehie oat depnd In mere msi de nivel or in al nero, Modelele ARMA itch termes aarepesiv Yd #8 deforma, oy tein din umd fad ineoday petra a supine eft sepa fesomerusi 9 unorschimbir bte, needle i idl etre ‘enerio (ex grove, vere ys, aches mi). bores mci Prevepue in primal sind speecren unci ordio decra pouty, paca oegraiv, "eapectiy mate mobil, etinares. fr apo value aa ‘ecetad are unl so de sak aoe, Veritca-vkcanoptiatle 1. Curctesi tiple de seri conoogice 2. Decite ons mote hose minimen anal de lo psi lea rt 3) Rita modi ») Indice med, } Nivea oti 2. Componente uni seri cronoogce wnt ‘& Deteonalirea rete 5. Ce prac ral cre fi fos aor msn anaizate dict ma 5 action ator sez? Imereti alres 089 aun coe sensi Probleme reolvate Problema I. Se canoe sea comoogl a a re a Sen sn oss) Cale indicts mot carats serlor reologce $1 icons pete sansa vitor, a. Tena serie cronlogie sepos eas aro medi 1 Niele 7 ap lumi agen econ to span (ora eae de iterate) 2 Difenasteote mai 05m? ~ consul ine de pia sez In matic 0,5 mf peo liz 3. alk min by = a = BE rin de apt vs teat n edie de 0937 ox de 0 Ina 4, Ramin By = (F ~ 1) «100» (937 = 1) 100=—659%- cons de part inc medica 63%, ct voi armies sproximaiy constant, pec stpnda uso, ni arconsama:94=6— 05 = 55 mF Sm yeu 60807 = 5622? Problensa 2. Tt som fr, vt Ie urate evolu a pope usp doo aun vires, expramaa diffe lave ete PeBSzue [anos | aon [onmr [2008 | 2005 [sts [aoe —[ase [43% [508 [oat Se eri croc de Baza gid ral 2008 papa respect ve om ef do 98 000 de soa Revolve ee axenn() Ap = (2 = 1) x 100-99 = raat ve = (#1) ey ‘ac nrc dieene relative cee in a 20, te nl ar de compart est 208, Bee — = MF 57229 peroane De actte Yury = 57229 17 = 97208 57.29% 145 = 82982 Yor57.2294 15 = 85643, ET oO 5725 [AG | 07-2 [ Probleme propase Problema Molo ete preznta seria rosoagcd avid la baz irene stots chr nln eli In erohi abr rettelor aon 8 9 ba et (Jeb, ma apr. mat an, tu eug. son ‘s000 1980 1400 1760 1400 0" 120 ~80) Const seria conologict cu vl abolat id fn perio sual, valostea crear aor crest £1 60%, Repreznti gra seria calcula pant ere a penn ne evo lini a redcboraoedt nem ©) Conseil forme onion ca Bah i tn a © Orel sa modifi in medi valores cedeelor corde deo hn aah? ©} Deel oa mies cw tn 1) Previionat valor ctedieon aco ia aout ke nut saat, fond mt indestri medit easy it faci obit » Problema 2, erat sei ronotbgice de js calculi ive media 8) Nami de detection meistte ie de rice par (Ak Ma mere Io wert 1b) Canttuea de pe expat de Romina in init an one) w(Se ee Gre on 0a) ©) Namal de ade a rei avers dees @ 5 Gta {sto Iseo i700 ten) 1) Boia sonar ue’ compani de elfoie mbit (mi pera ye(@eanans isnsoto o.oz0ie TSaez00 010,201) Probleme 3. revisor ine de paca uve cin metal private pnts cami exoii da primes ora san Siptinina | Zsa | Nemie paca lat at Man 2 1 [tes ss 3 [Mies eh Ta Na 4 [Mera — ‘ers etn calcu oi parte posiCapitola? APLICATIL Problema 1 Conic ta oma nine aaa nota cer: T apes de aetna Zi cid far deen 2 vind serile conolapice reat a mil de Sones X popula ‘sv nut cu¥ tn 10 nt conscte rept aroret a) 380420. 579.480 520. $80 600 S80 610 «a5, pate i reser conogis ferent rt hae gon 3 Rata de ma mae are, 4: Dectie ca eet med la lan a ta numa de yomers 5 pe, cleultengnerpetne anor indi recens Feey 1E 1) Z Gata gomsuhi ese infuenjs de mundial de yore det propre anal popu active inves properioan 1000-109 109, poh 23 4 5 6 73 9 0) 85 47 a6 875 a90 890 81 92 84 940) eau LaatanetrQ 2st ityr2ttity _ wt = as Lesrenererssamesonigieazestenaaet —— Rat de oma) ee hort in per maith este de 8945 by jeeQ X00, ) eS Te _380420 490970370 480490520 5005501SS0 6g s4o 560630650638 aaa 70 480 +520 +550 v0 SH 160 se 7030 360033683909 Nira de joes esc In moti 1,086 ald no nt aa 25 89 _1e7, rua poral a crescut de 1,047 Me Tuna a 5-0 Tas fea 1558 )= Te UO) Tah (P= SISTAST = 1576 1 5203882 u(t) 2 = 2, 382 a5 PO) 350 Ho} a s16 ara gral a exact de 1.576 dor meni mat de comer popalaia activ ada on 23 e)= JIE OTE =0904 ripe ad 2 i (0) 2 = «060 rat gorau a aefontde 0,664deots rife populael acne, ‘imi de omer renin cont FSIS = 18-066 \ 046s = 1" in mutinea ature vindte pin cae const un ton 4230 dean ert obverin rprt x varale X~ vest uous ena by pe a cave a8 vant (malian Tees pezente abel! ero 1 $m ou 62 4 7% ote on eel sce ease ines 407 4 bw mM RB sos i 28 2% 2 ety ae ol erase iaes 7 3m 7 mm 7 33s 8 9 & 010 2% 92 eo 6m wb 55 HD ogy Oh ieee aoe eee oh real "lsboeaca epi blmensionl tind ef ure de tere pen vibe X= 4, ar hmginea unl crv pes Y, frevaee ind gale 2 Parameter cet aap cu pel de Vnzare inept 2, Stuisre epezaaiviii fnfior de ere, nia 9 bier lege eet a rerezettve 4 Poni molest spc recede clei pant mx engine ier = seine xf (es) 30) os) a v (ea ba bso) be) 7 m8 8 | EL RI] HST Ta | TTA Ss spo PE 9 pa Stet 2) Medi Sion rey 30 30 7626 pre mvs el sree 2626 mi 5H10= gy =15-> Mee [826] Me=19- 195.26 0jumatat io mai vite etm mic de 2.000 i a {elas jmativecn un po lar de 26.00 00 ie (2 bs) Modat ‘oan, 10,9, 6)= 10=> Moe (18:26) {Cee mat ates vind con pre xia ae 18.000 2600 i 1-5 5 Mo=18+ B=18+ 5-8-2406, To=s(o-9 sa ea ma mie prt atresia un pre In de 24.6565,666| ¥) Din tabla de cori se observe focvefle iferte de aro st ropa, reaukd eh ire cle out varie exit legit, ce poate fh ‘etc jurul fei de regres (ack festa de regresicete odreagtt FLX) =a-tbn Dae fata de regret ohiprbols F(X) =a-+b-+ ‘Mai eprezettiv et fin cues coeficenl de sgresi ima, Ca ‘ue ete cell eet coef pea ele out cu A UXY) a4 CX) MUP) airj=2526 (apo 2S SETS IEHAS1OUNTSD yy %0 fas-20,26) 5 +(22~2626)'-104+-(90-2626) 0+ [38-~-26,26) -6]= 6286 5-933) 10. (175-933) -3}=194388 933). 124( 1 Nos-sanP 54 aia fbos-oax7 setts 142), erssnnaomioneny-a0 fo ast sours nee cs¥ ssse-as is los sorae sees. consttaaden2 13201522626 ors. Yaia yy > Ry tel deal de egesicete mal eer amas 700) Folosind metoda celor mai mic pirate unde MY ~7(X}f- min, cb: ox fosburary=acery Jomrexy oa) = a4(xr) Mer) b pe MQY=MCD-MO) _ MOM)—MEX) Ory Moe) =[M OOF oe $5478 126128408179. 3) 10625216-953-2626 _ 80 2 26261516938 isis Fexy=4o40-1s16x Problema 3 Pru uni prods fost observe fn 30 pete de vase Lawn moment {ht Valor teste sm unre 21; 2 26; 30,259; 26:20 242, 27,29; 2565 6s 71, 2B 245, IH 2, 27S, 225,247,266, 23.2; 25h 21528: 248; 231.25, BAB, Sere 1. cloorrea dati statisie spate de vnzare to rport ca prt 2, Gla representa pres medi, 5. teesetare graf tent epatic 4 Svind seis cronlopet ceri varaia pre prods stat fun conserves ing wares: reps 4 5 6) as 257 26 265 268 24) Caleta tcp 2) pret medi hn 2) sl mela ee 1 clare dss statisti «punter de near nrapont cx ets 0-20 10 Sia [O02 a2) 29) fae) Las) ce de cept uidnensioal,evind Ia bazh © vacibis stb, anita conta yecvewa abso, 2) Anan representation meds 21-24 28-7695-10427-8499-9 42-1614 2504 2164487 _ 756, rel ein exe 25.2 x asa » sult reprezetatvkses ete jr arian a eee evar Pease: dei ek CVO) 2 SO -medineste nrepreenatie Lot 2a a0? 7 als- 29 soir 297 sufe-299 5 i 30 fete te emai dn valnsea mio 215, a, = Joh = AEB =235 463 cv = 2109-285 repre 100=000853-100= 853 <308 eda ee 3) Reprevenoea gai a utr repute represen raid» ssn et ropa s© foe ot shan “igre de sor f,=%-100->feeveng reli = 360" ghd3p 100=0:2933-100= 25.33% m= 240 A = 9600 100 02667: 160 = 62.61% he ® -to0=01100=10% Ti: Stet peter de vase apo pel Legend 167% di puncte de vines aa pref curinse tte 209122 2.25.13 dis poetle de inure el apie interval (2-28 3135394 ain petted nore au prelr cupise i ral [24-25 4426.67 da punctate de weap capris era [26 28); 51105 ain punctle ce ear a pref eprint [28 20) (2a 4 5 6) ay las 057 26 255 268 28) Caleta i itecpra 2) peal media ne 1) ft ei a, x6 csLeaareassneseasgeat! Fite z ej medina ee de 2638, WR =F tT 100-1008, 257-25 426-257 +265-261.268-265 128-268 29 287 +26 4 265° 258° 25 6562 680471007508 “cas csa renoe TODS TAT 460 sonst By = -i}100=09231-100=231% el crest nme de hed ata co 2.31% i Se conde on eyaton de 100 gospedar 9 varbilele Xai de fei i Ysnotses de ple connimanc de 0 gospadal (Ka), elated rez in abl wnat Te) ee) le |e lfrora oss x a i ssi] ae $s {a0} 35 Fora Tie} as as |] 1, canst iat. meian st mods de pine consume zine Je 0 fine cle! terete) 2, Frcs propo estan de pte epiade do muta de membi 3. aula momevch si enue Ieni lest re cle dout viablepv (08 98 1 83) 025:5+05.404 130015,25 1254204300975 _ $875 9 109 100 049 ete onan mee de pine consi ie de 0 spo. o1329 Me Medians a = aii dice (035-0897 s0+(a57-o49)'-354(1-055-254(133-099)-30_ : Vl a ap4asionses7 1235 iw juitate din gospodii consumi ini pie fuse 0:25 si |e, iar celts 5 te 28 956-66 Jama fy ke dep pe "8 consume ite de pine de gorpedizie depnde de monde! de mani a saps propor de 6% Medsla bil sere My = maxNi, Ns. Nn N)=> Me = 40=>My = 05 lea ute gospel consuming de pe ‘ 3) Arata munerish i cmt intensitit logitrh te exe 2 X.Y varie cantare Secale 13 =f 2 ett ceo gro dca on = 22-0098 508-109 00 0 as toe te ou) i ry “YF =sR6=081-11=eptarimen e ee dous SbF, mie Yee Problema Se -F Camas see comalag ot pve mand de ye ncn Yes, Fn, (00, mmdrul de gomeri cu stil medi CY), mum de gomert cu studi Von = Spear) i Ch 10 comecote rns a 385 ; pe 1 Rela maton eo epee letra dike mum To de gomer Daxvw 2, Sersconologek vad sta trl oa desert dine Ch 2 Nimo edi lar de omer 4 nice meagre laude coll ome ‘Dalvie shh a urdu total do omer, 6 Prima dc exprinid varia megrala © maar ttl de yomer, calli cu baat Tadic ato de op Pasche aeeni ctu fitor cre infest ‘mil tel de omer ona fat de ns Latex) +0 4w; 170 3.20 ete serie rool de momente x0) better : —_—ee Asa ‘Nu neds de om in Chy in eee 1h este de 3077 mi San se-o Four 26505-26486 26799-26505 2486" 26505" +. 3498" Mo In prime 10 hn, untae on crest ei de 1,03 oe Bei. -t=4ps-1=003-35, [Nasi otal de goer resem edi cu 3% de on a. 5 Fn lD=A 95 Natl de ome a reset mio, 958 apron de aw a teal x(a), 26505, ai)” 26486 on ona tld one in joel Ch rescue 1007 ceo ma 2 doua fade pi vot 228 ms 2) _ 28157 sng 1)" 2446 xs) _ 29154 1. Numi otal de gomer2()depinde defacto de nue ati: ‘A= a0) 4300 +800 np) = Medel wl) TAU ipsa) w) ‘Noma tt de oe Heese de 1036 tm na ah da 1 bucolic wrt de yom manor 1036 se slaw) xeyG wl) nye [Nom oa de gma eescat de 1,023 of tn ona 4 fda fonts modi url Se omer a th med umalse leh wls) ade yedewtt) Nomi total de yore a erat de 0014 oct Ina 488 da Ahonen de omer cu studi eapeine, Problema 6 [Bvoia munud conracte de vénzare cla deo socetate ee Inceoure vo smu pial aos wemstoares Sescre Reolare DDuph cam se observa sin ric, exist factor sezonie, tends find ‘revere. Desk varia omit de ont ete de ota NO=TO+SI0-+«0) unde: Te) ~ tenia 50) componeta sero TO> fat wesc Ne orgmipim dest t23s4s67 89 0nun Bey er = vT1Y fotnavanunaans un oF ; oF a z a] 2 5 acs 1 Tents amit (ie cont poset eo deseznaiat si), Fotos proceed motor motile calli sera desconaliats d 2, Previnune nin pe urdu 5 oe {ents determina tent, eu terest crooograma vedere gg Yuba Nt N tN fbi zon atria sexo 4 ee P23 45678 9 Nn es) ee 5 punrAvananns us nn) ee 7_ * 3 =a = EeeCalum ost de ero: (12945 67 8 9 on “o'(2g6 208 21 214 218 224 228 232 244 236 238) in gra se obec wit ea rai probabil este 0 dese. Dec ‘Tiy=a+be unin conde: (0110 oni, ine: fa=antye~omre eo |,_Mbo-d-Moer mio Me) -MOoF fasamey=Mty@o) ae +44) = CA fees Mega Bet mee AEA a1 spe B28 128 aay 0642-204 641-238 Mot) RCRA. i07 = 2225-0357: 20108 13108 + 0357 2 Previiusesvabeoe lV ian 51-14) 098+ 246=25 (29108 +0357-13)-4015 =258 26 (46) Ri ~(00108+ 0357-16) -058=714 (0108 0357-17) \o1=264=25, YE = 708) Re ~ (20108 +0,357 -18)-1.925 = 24,54. 25 Problems 7 © agers intilink dove a punt deo Kncie o pal cra rapa aban de pinta aprtenteo, Pet aces ce Toate bad de date coprinrin 30 de apartament oservate fn apt c ‘aie usY= etude vane ti euro Xsan et pa X= pum de camere ox Gnieajtccamere. Se cllezd prin Tomuljiea radu de Tals (0 pen efit, | pee seritinet 2 pet nia M6 Secor 1) Sdn erafic oxo fon eu dine pet eae din Cela parece tel Unite mile dite pret i toe ‘acini expt 2) Bae repreetsv aout foci? 4) Shc ch clove suit ls alr de pia apartments peta Sire vbr le variallr expletive 5) Conpur representatives fete! objinte ca faetior de 2 Rerolare 1) Grae ese a pote nde evistents sa forma lepturd ete do in foci deat amb expinive:dcest au conus ©) Laghrs dine pret piesa Deoarece supa exe 0 vrai ‘oti, ptm cons orl Se pnt Ney sae 2ouy oo Supratata in) ‘Se ots ptr exe et nr un©) Lepitrn le pret 5 muni de camese, Noval sts se presi e Ls a / ac fora epi pare ever pin nora ds pe pose wag ‘grafic care laste made connate din gre Procol analog penta abil rise, coachioobm eS pun toda etre dine pt Gear dn va pin eet nae 2) Feta de eres linia tp se sve Yaar, tak, +a,k,+6 rin spices meds color maine ptrate unger I eu ei ab foun ait " i Mal MC} - MXN Te Halk, MEX) + MalX,—m4(x,))=0 ‘Sere matin de vari cori y= MOOK) MOYO) = 227 ig = AER) MOM) = 196 ry = ALO.) AEFI) = 16229 myo}, 249 Pg HX) MCE MEL) = 2439 yy = MOK, )= MMOL) =2A9 my <0), 18 i = MO) MCMC re we. acum complement ager: My 1839. My #8258 19879 Bexai dorepree dvi soa.galy— a4 or)}-82,58]x, — MX )}-135,41X, — MX, )} vos7x, -Mix)-0 Prin nkeies valor medi sve rgsonfy-28.s|-sosefx, syz}-1ssa, 195.29, -23}=0 uy lecture cakes oie esa sb forms exit ¥-2559104054%, +0698%, +101X, +62) Reprezenatviten nce syrciem prin cocfcieml be corte Tae mpl “mel, ec mein ete oat repent 4 Peta un apocament de 6Snp, cu 3 cae, seins x =66 Xe 71663.3)=2550 042 (65+0698:34101-3=358cuso Real ese fate reais dc rv za Se dt inl 5) Rezavaea ss pst em aati itor a0 i Capitolul 8 LUCRARI PRACTICE, LUCRAREA 1 PI. Daf exemple de popula atic a evr cect a prezeta ines {pnt are pple ssc prez 1 denumien populates sui sasce sl volun sees 2. Scopul cee tate; 3 varblele static th aport cu care sar fice obserarea satis & ores, se etragh in Aor Stati 4a ae wre informations erie Statist bidimensional cred disbuiauei popula To rapa eo vibe sive, ret Incas es Ty denice populist saps breif woh rete 2 ones sat 5 euacteare yataileor statitice tn rapt cn exe a fst ttt popu 4, Externe et attsie fn apo ate teri amo 5. liberate sent bimensonte format ca frecvenfe reli, interprets; 6. exter reartfioe uniimensionale maggie wi a clor Eenonae; 17. porind de Ino reparie marginal deduce ella ser sastce ost, erga 3, Din Amand Salie ea ake aune infrmajonsle erage o ele tate de repr ve a baz o vusibi de pi seb acre 1 denies popu tte volun 5, caters see dup toate eerie cunoscte; 4 ecuestes sek Somat a even relative 5. imerpcare 4, Bia Anuar Static sa ake sre informayionle exes dow set romolgice avin Ia bc nto de ie, ua de nomen aa de Incraie si dediet serie formate ci diferente abate, indie tsk iste elatve, cu ar fi ew baa in ln Glee), ss5, Da 5 exemple dei rong sv I bu inde a 6, Din Ansar Slain ake se ifm cag owes "pa fora exer evel str late eae # ded sre formate cu irene bole nd ae Fe, enka a ak. ere 7. tag eempe ee dee coin nr ingot ‘pentru domeviul economic, Hinpen LUCRAREA 2 ‘adn enempuo popula sti ata apt ca wnt mat 4 variable Gate pont abel sl eae 1. Bbore testo suse depress ee 2. Hone a et se sus de eprifebdimemona a ae bars dv varie atte, a el beh omar cota sg ‘icant uae re ur doe arc) 9, Repeaztra gels hoc pli ese eek de str, dare! pa ett ole wo sas sone sextopame LUCRAREA 3 Consist o pol statin in Wie anteoue ose ap tri muite risbie Se ae ™ "Aled varie fon omni cea ata scons ‘pra popultn opt eu facade Gillet corspunst pun ten! ceatle (sores medi mei, medal) ters soa ree bd varie ci 3. Anal epecmatvises parnutior tend come feet abso lata) 4 Poin panei de str ania str poplai agn cverabis cata s 5 deat gra de Spee = anitoe poplin pote 6 Girt ste cnc vil di pple fbn EL 1, Alina atic sxe repartee bput I 4 Awlat compart eztleobbate a pete 5 6 LUCRAREA 4 PL, Penns 0 dsb raport cx douk varie callie tne eae se ec pte ext eo er, scere "Vere exer! Tegan dre cee dou wail, Bi 7 2, ac et exit et de ten xe aeaa 2, Peto populate rath apt oa vale cna cme pucreruao eg ore 1" Resear fees yo dine ile 2 ai ee ge oi ta pe {erm pss eel deepen tec 4. Pensu eile rojas co find ple, ok se calor amet . 4, Cain ae oie ml epee 5S Pen fined Ge chee Sli vor frevaoene piso tral make asi, fn eae 3, Petro popu observa in apr. ca renpanc ck dine deinge de xe se ee 1 pe bra ip de gfe adeva, ke sableas ack a putea rst gut ne varia dependent ice din celle sates 2, Tmipvera ue! legion mips se caleleve parame fms — 3. SEE bleh reprevnivites sae Sot st ase ome ou epeseinves foes dite ei Ine LUCRAREAS 1 Peta te prods, dou tn consceative ection peel de mare strap ei inne: Sse 1 Tide vrai tele 2 Tl facto efor rrp eantiiior ve, ein Imtoicle Ly, PF. Ese. yoiieatt sas mu condita de comple 7 aPD, Din Amaral Statistic Romtnii, extagelt strata de coum popula pense gre depose ‘ ‘nt alimcare "au seiner ‘um dus i conscntve, Se cer 1 Ind prio pe ele et arpe 2 Caleb not rel ps oa) dtp LP, 3. 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