Hi Ton Hc Vit Nam

THNG TIN TON HC

Thng 12 Nm 2012 Tp 16 S 4

Thng Tin Ton Hc

(Lu hnh ni b)
Tng bin tp
Phng H Hi

Ban bin tp:

Phm Tr n on Trung Cng Trn Nam Dng Nguyn Hu D on Th Hiu Nguyn An Khng L Cng Li c Thi Nguyn Chu Gia Vng

nghnh. Bn tin cng nhn ng cc bi gii thiu tim nng khoa hc ca cc c s cng nh cc bi gii thiu cc nh ton hc. Bi vit xin gi v ta son. Nu bi c nh my tnh, xin gi km theo file (ch yu theo phng ch unicode hoc .VnTime).

Mi lin h vi bn tin xin gi v:

Bn tin: Thng Tin Ton Hc Vin Ton Hc 18 Hong Quc Vit, 10307 H Ni

Bn tin Thng Tin Ton Hc nhm mc ch phn nh cc sinh hot chuyn mn trong cng ng ton hc Vit Nam v quc t. Bn tin ra thng k 4-6 s trong mt nm. Th l gi bi: Bi vit bng ting Vit. Tt c cc bi, thng tin v sinh hot ton hc cc khoa (b mn) ton, v hng nghin cu hoc trao i v phng php nghin cu v ging dy u c hoan

e-mail: ttth@vms.org.vn

Hi Ton Hc Vit Nam

Website ca Hi Ton hc:

www.vms.org.vn

nh ba 1. Xem trang 29. Ngun: Internet

Du Xun Qu T
Nhn dp nm mi 2013 v Tt Qu T Ban Chp hnh Hi Ton hc Vit Nam knh chc tt c Hi vin ca Hi mt nm mi lun

Mnh khe, Hnh phc v Thnh cng

BCH Hi Ton hc Vit Nam trn trng knh mi tt c cc hi vin ca Hi ang c mt ti H Ni v cc vng ln cn tham d cuc Du Xun ti n v cha Du, Bc Ninh. Thi gian: 9h-15h, Th By, ngy 2/3/2013 (tc ngy 21 thng Ging nm Qu T). Xe khi hnh ti Vin Ton hc, s 18 Hong Quc Vit, lc 8h00 (Nhng n v t t chc xe s c thng bo ring ti c quan). Tr v H Ni khong 16h. ng k i biu: c th b tr xe v t tic ph hp, knh ngh cc i biu c nguyn vng tham d gi email ti: thuky@vms.org.vn Ngi nh i cng ng 150.000/ngi v ti a 2 ngi i km. Rt mong s c mt ca cc qu v. (Li mi ny thay cho giy mi ring)

V k xt cng nhn t tiu chun chc danh Gio s, Ph gio s nm 2012

Trn Vn Nhung (Hi ng Chc danh Gio s Nh nc) LTS. Vic xt t tiu chun Gio s - Ph gio s nm nay c mt s nt mi. Chng ti xin trch ng bi bt biu ca GS. Trn Vn Nhung ti Vn Miu - Quc T Gim va qua v nhng thay i ny cng nh tnh hnh xt tiu chun chc danh GS PGS nm nay. Ton vn bi pht biu c th xem ti trang web ca Hi ng Chc danh gio s nh nc (1). Ngy 24/12/2012, ti Vn Miu - Quc T Gim, Hi ng Chc danh gio s nh nc (HCDGSNN) long trng t chc L cng b quyt nh v trao giy chng nhn t tiu chun chc danh Gio s (GS), Ph gio s (PGS) cho cc nh gio nm 2012. 1. MT S NT MI TRONG NM 2012 Ngay t nm 2011, cc tiu chun v cht lng nghin cu khoa hc v o to i vi cc ng vin GS, PGS c nng cao thm mt bc, theo yu cu ca t nc v dn t n cc chun mc quc t. C th l nh gi cao cc bi bo khoa hc c ng trn cc tp ch khoa hc c uy tn quc t (SCI, SCIE, ISI) v quc gia, cc sch chuyn kho v gio trnh, tng yu cu v ngoi ng (phi s dng thnh tho mt ngoi
(1)

ng phc v cho cng tc chuyn mn v giao tip c bng ting Anh), tng s nghin cu sinh v hc vin cao hc hng dn chnh v tng s gi ging i vi cc ng vin thnh ging,... c bit, t nm 2012 theo Quyt nh 20 mi ca Th tng Chnh ph th: - i vi nhng ngi ang lm vic cc c quan, t chc khng phi l c s gio dc i hc, c tham gia ging dy t trnh i hc tr ln ti c s gio dc i hc ca Vit Nam th phi c cng trnh khoa hc, cng ngh c bit xut sc c cng b v nh gi cao; c tng gii thng ln trong nc hoc nc ngoi. - i vi nhng trng hp c bit, nhng ngi c ng gp ni tri, xut sc cho s nghip khoa hc cng ngh ca t nc v th gii, to nn s t ph trong lnh vc khoa hc c th xt c cch cc tiu chun v bo co Th tng Chnh ph trc khi quyt nh. Nhn chung cc tn GS, PGS ngy cng tr hn (nhng vn cha tr c nh cc nc pht trin). Nm nay s GS trn 60 tui ch cn chim 16,6%, PGS l 0,7%, trong khi 15 nm v trc s GS trn 60 tui l 31%, ba nm v trc s

http://www.hdcdgsnn.gov.vn

PGS trn 60 tui l 6,3%. Cc tn GS, PGS thuc cc c s gio dc i hc ngy cng chim a s, nm nay s GS l 69,05%, PGS l 77,75% trn tng s t tiu chun; t l n GS l 14, 29%, n PGS l 27,63%. l nhng du hiu ng mng v i ng. Tuy nhin mt phn b qu tp trung: S tn GS nm 2012 H Ni chim 80,96%, TP . H Ch Minh l 7,14%, tt c cc tnh thnh cn li ch chim 11,90%; S tn PGS nm 2012 H Ni l 71,20%, TP . H Ch Minh l 14,05%, cc tnh thnh cn li ch chim 14,75%. Tn GS tr nht nm 2009 l 45 tui, nm 2010 l 46 tui, nm 2011 l 37 tui v nm 2012 l 42 tui. Tn PGS tr nht nm 2009 l 31 tui, nm 2010 l 32 tui, nm 2011 l 29 tui v nm 2012 l 31 tui. Theo thng k, nhng tn GS v PGS tr nht trong bn nm va qua hu ht nm trong lnh vc Ton hc, sau n Vt l v Ha hc. 2. KT QU XT BA CP HI NG Nm nay, tng s ng vin ng k xt cng nhn t tiu chun chc danh GS ban u ti 78 HCDGS c s l 66 ngi, chc danh PGS l 526 ngi. Sau khi c xt ti HCDGS c s v tip tc chuyn ln 27 HCDGS ngnh/lin ngnh v HCDGSNN xt tip th ch cn li 42 GS v 427 PGS. Nh vy, nu so vi s ng vin ng k ban u th sau khi c sng lc bi ba cp hi ng, t l c cng nhn t tiu chun chc danh GS t 64% v PGS t 81%. iu chng t qu trnh xt, cng nhn rt cht ch, nghim tc v khoa hc. Hai hi ng c s ng vin nhiu nht l HCDGS ngnh Y hc v Kinh t. 3. MT S TRNG HP C BIT Trong 42 nh gio c cng nhn t tiu chun chc danh GS nm 2012,

ngi tr nht l Phng H Hi (sinh nm 1970, ngnh Ton hc, c cng nhn c cch), tip theo l ng c Anh (sinh nm 1964, ngnh Y hc), Mai Hng Qu (n, sinh nm 1963, ngnh Lut hc), Nguyn Cng nh (sinh nm 1963, ngnh T ng ha) v Mai Hng Bng (sinh nm 1962, ngnh Y hc). Gio s cao nin nht c cng nhn nm nay l GS. NSND. Nguyn Trung Kin (Ngh thut, 73 tui), ngi thy ca nhiu GS, PGS v nhiu th h cc ngh s ni ting trong nc v quc t. Trong s 427 nh gio c cng nhn t tiu chun chc danh PGS nm 2012, ba ngi tr nht l Nguyn Khnh Diu Hng (n, sinh nm 1981, ngnh Ha hc), Th Hng Giang (n, sinh nm 1979, ngnh Vt l) v ng Hong Minh (sinh nm 1979, ngnh Tm l hc). Mt PGS c cng nhn c cch l Phm Hu Anh Ngc (sinh nm 1967, ngnh Ton hc). Ph gio s cao nin nht c cng nhn trong nm nay l PGS. Nguyn Th Tnh (n, Ngh thut, 69 tui). Chng ta vui mng cho n nhng gng mt tr mi gia nhp i ng cc GS, PGS tng thm sinh kh cho lc lng khoa gio cao cp, chng ta cng rt trn trng nhng ngi m khi gia nhp i ng cc GS, PGS cao nin do nhng hon cnh, iu kin c bit, v chnh h l nhng tm gng sng, kin cng, bn b hc tp, nghin cu v cng hin sut i cho T quc. Trong nm 2012 ny, tui trung bnh ca cc tn GS trong cc lnh vc khoa hc t nhin, k thut v cng ngh l 56,8, ca cc tn GS trong cc lnh vc khoa hc x hi, ngh thut v th dc th thao l 57,5, chnh nhau gn mt tui. Chng ta vui mng v iu ny v trc y khong cch y thng khng nh.

ISI, Open Access: Cht lng hay S lng

Phng H Hi (Vin Ton hc) 1. CH S NH HNG ISI Ch s nh hng (Impact Factor-IF), hay l ch s trch dn (Citation Index) ca mt tp ch c tnh nh sau. IF ca tp ch A trong nm, v d, 2011 bng s cc trch dn t tt c cc cng b trong nm 2011 ti cc cng b ng trn A trong hai nm 2009 v 2010, chia cho s cc cng b trn A trong hai nm 2009 v 2010. Tt nhin, tt c cc s liu c ly t mt c s d liu c th no , do ch s trch dn ca mt tp ch s ph thuc vo c s d liu dng tnh. y l cch ngi ta lng ha cht lng nghin cu thng qua mt con s. Lp lun h tr cho ch s trch dn da trn hai bc suy lun: - Th nht, mt cng trnh c gi tr nu n c nhiu ngi quan tm. - Th hai, mt cng trnh c nhiu ngi quan tm nu n c nhiu trch dn. Lp lun th nht v c bn l ng, tuy nhin ty thuc vo tng lnh vc nghin cu, s lng ngi quan tm thay i ng k. Tnh thuyt phc ca khng nh th hai t hn khng nh th nht, vai tr ca n ch dng li nhng khng nh mang tnh thng k, chng hn nu ch s trch dn trung bnh ca cc nh ton hc nc A ch bng mt na ch s tng t nc B th nhn chung nn ton hc nc B mnh hn nc A. Ni mt cch ngn gn, ch s trch dn hay ch s nh hng l cc ch s thng k, n c ngha vi mt cng ng ln nhng vi tng c th, vic s dng n cn ht sc cn trng. Ch s trch dn c uy tn nht hin nay l ch s ca Thomson Insitute for Scientific Information (ISI). ISI khng phi l mt vin nghin cu nh ngi ta c th cm nhn khi c tn ca n - Vin Thng tin Khoa hc. ISI xut pht t mt tng ht sc n gin: nh gi mt cng trnh khoa hc, mt tp ch khoa hc, mt nh khoa hc, mt ngnh khoa hc, mt nn khoa hc bng cch m s cc trch dn ti cng trnh, tp ch hay ngnh khoa hc . Cng vic ca ISI l m. Quan trng hn, mc ch ca ISI l li nhun. Tuy nhin ch s ISI ang c dng nh mt thc o quan trng nh gi cht lng nghin cu ti mt s nc ang pht trin, trong c Vit Nam. Thc ra, ti Vit Nam, chng ta ang s dng ch s nh hng mc th nht, m ti xin tm gi l "chun ISI": mt cng trnh khoa hc c coi l "c gi tr" nu n c ng trn mt "tp ch ISI". "Tp ch ISI" l cc tp ch trong danh sch tp ch c ISI tnh ch s nh

hng. V c bn, y l phn tt nht trong tp hp tt c cc tp ch khoa hc hin c. Tuy nhin danh sch ny cng kh di, v ngy mt di hn, do s chnh lch v cht lng gia cc tp ch ISI l rt ln. D vy, cho ti nay vn cha c tp ch khoa hc no ca Vit Nam l tp ch ISI. nh hng tiu cc u tin ca "chun ISI" c th thy cc tp ch khoa hc ca Vit Nam. Cc tp ch ny b chnh cc nh khoa hc nghim tc ca chng ta chi b. Bi cc cng trnh ca h nu ng trn , th d sau ny c c bao nhiu cng trnh ISI khc trch dn, vn khng c coi l "c gi tr" theo "chun ISI". H qu l khng c ti tr khoa hc. i vi nhng nh khoa hc ny, ti tr khoa hc khng ch l tin, m cn l uy tn, cn l s ng vin. 2. TP CH OPEN ACCESS Open Access hiu theo ngha rng l vic cho php truy cp min ph ti mt c s d liu no t mng internet. Trong cng ng ton hc, c s lu tr c bit n nhiu nht l ArXiv: http://www.ArXiv.org. C s lu tr ArXiv c xy dng t nm 1991 v ti nay c th ni cha hu ht nhng cng trnh quan trng nht ca ton hc ng i. c bit cng trnh ca nh ton hc Nga G. Perelman, chng minh gi thuyt Poincar, ch c lu tr trn ArXiv ch khng c cng b trn mt tp ch khoa hc. Nm 2001 Lin on Ton hc Th gii ra tuyn b ku gi cc nh ton hc tm mi cch chuyn ti min ph cc cng trnh ca mnh ti cng ng. Nguyn vn li ku gi vit "Open Access ti ti
(1) (2)

liu ton hc l mt mc tiu quan trng. Mi chng ta c th ng gp vo vic t c mc tiu bng cch cung cp di dng in t cng nhiu cng tt cc cng trnh ca bn thn... Hnh ng ca chng ta s gp phn vo vic m rng kho ti liu ton hc min ph, c bit s gip cho cc nh khoa hc vi iu kin khng y v th vin (1)". Trong lnh vc xut bn, Open Access c hiu l vic cho php truy cp min ph trn mng internet ti cc cng trnh khoa hc ng trn cc tp ch c bnh duyt (peer-review). C hai dng Open Access c phn bit di tn gi Green Open Access Self Archiving v Gold Open Access Publishing(2). Green Open Access Self Archiving ngha l khi mt tc gi cng b mt cng trnh khoa hc v t lu tr n cho vic t do tham kho ti mt c s lu tr trn mng no . T mt vi nm li y, mt s tp ch khoa hc, v d cc tp ch ca Springer, cho php cc tc gi mua li bn quyn cc cng trnh ca chnh mnh. C th l vi gi khong 2.000 EUR trn mt cng trnh, cc tc gi c th lm cho cng trnh ca mnh c truy cp min ph. T u nhng nm 1990 ngi ta cng ghi nhn mt khuynh hng mi trong vic xut bn tp ch khoa hc, l cc tp ch Open Access, thng c gi l Gold Open Access phn bit vi Green Open Access. Trong cng ng ton, khi u c l l mt s c s i hc hay nghin cu, hoc mt cng ng chuyn ngnh hp lp ra mt s tp ch online phi li nhun. Mt khc mt s nh xut bn cng xy dng cc tp ch Open Access ca mnh. a s cc tp ch Open Access thi khng i hi tc gi phi np ph

http://www.ams.org/meetings/call Xem thm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

ng bi. Tuy nhin gn y, mt s tp ch Open Access bt u i hi ng ph hon thin (article processing charge), ch yu l cc tp ch t c mt mc no v cht lng, chng hn c a vo danh sch ISI. Vi phng thc xut bn ny cc nh xut bn c th m bo c li nhun ca mnh ngay t trc khi xut bn. Hindawi (http://www.hindawi.com) l v d in hnh. Theo Wikipedia, nh xut bn ny c thnh lp nm 1997 vi tr s chnh ti Cairo v mt vn phng ti New York. Hin nay Hindawi xut bn hn 300 u tp ch Open Access, trong s c 22 tp ch thuc ISI. Ph hon thin ca mt bi bo trn mt tp ch nh vy thng ph thuc vo uy tn ca tp ch . C th, khi ng bi mt s tp ch ca Hindawi c trong danh sch ISI, cc tc gi phi tr t khong 600 USD n 1200 USD. Mt s tp ch t uy tn hn ca Hindawi vn tip tc ng bi min ph. Ngoi Hindawi c th k n mt s nh xut bn sau: - Scientific Research Publishing (http://www.scirp.org/Journal). - Hikari (http://www.m-hikari.com). - Lambert (https://www.lap-publishing.com). - Pioneer Scientific Publishers (http://www.pspchv.com). - Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (http://www.i-asr.com). C mt l gii c v rt thuyt phc cho phng thc xut bn dng "Open Access". l: "cng trnh ca bn s d dng n tay ngi c hn, c bit l ngi c cc nc ang pht trin ni
(3) (4)

m gi ca cc tp ch khoa hc truyn thng l khng th chu ni". Thc ra y l s ngy bin. Vi s pht trin ca internet ngy nay, mi c nhn u c th l mt tc gi kim nh xut bn. Vai tr chnh ca mt tp ch khoa hc chnh l cng tc phn bin. Mt tp ch c uy tn cao nu n c mt ban bin tp uy tn, c kh nng mi c cc phn bin uy tn v nghim tc. iu ny b nhiu tp ch "Open Access" trong ngnh ton coi nh, nhiu tp ch cn li ko tc gi bng qung co nh "duyt ng trong vng hai tun"(3)! Mi chuyn s chng c g bn nu nh khng c chuyn mt s tp ch "Open Access" trong ngnh ton c vo ISI trong vi nm gn y. Vi xu hng phn loi nh ni trn, ISI ngha l c gi tr, khng ISI th v gi tr, cc tp ch ny thu ht c nhiu cng b t Vit Nam.

3. TNH HNH TRCH DN CA MT VI TP CH O PEN A CCESS Chng ta hy th tm hiu k hn mt vi tp ch Open Access, vi ch s ISI cao. Tp ch Journal of Inequalities and Applications (vit tt l JIA (4)) c xut bn bi Springer. Ch s ISI theo cng b ca Springer l 0,73 - thuc loi cao trong cc tp ch ton. y vn l mt tp ch ca Hindawi, xut bn s u tin nm 1997: http://www.emis.de/journals/HOA/JIA Nm 2012 tp ch ny c chuyn cho Springer, vn tip tc pht hnh di dng "Open Access". Ph hon thin mt bi bo l 800 USD. Di y l mt s thng tin v trch dn (TD) ti JIA theo

V d: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jmr http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com (5) http://www.ams.org/mathscinet

c s d liu ca Hi Ton hc M (MathSciNet)(5). Theo , t 2007 ti nay, phn ln trong cc trch dn (TD) sm nht ti JIA l t chnh JIA v mt tp ch "bn" l Abstract and Applied Analysis (vit tt l AAA), cng ca Hindawi. Nm Tng TD trong T TD + cng b s bi nm sau t AAA 2010 271 91 38 +18 2009 164 78 56+7 2008 126 41 25 +6 2007 95 45 28+6 2006 104 30 14+1 2005 48 15 7+0 Tp ch JIA Hy xem tp ch Abstract and Applied Analysis (6). Theo trang ch ca tp ch ny th ch s ISI hin nay ca n l 1,318. Ph hon thin l 1200 USD. C s d liu ca Hi Ton hc M (MathSciNet) cho chng ta bit, t nm 2007 phn ln cc trch dn ti AAA l t trch dn hoc t JIA! Nm Tng TD trong T TD+ cng b s bi nm sau t JIA 2010 136 54 30+5 2009 85 48 20+9 2008 62 68 13+11 2007 42 22 6+5 2006 48 11 0+0 2005 56 14 3+1 Tp ch AAA Nu kho st k hn ta s thy t l t trch gim nhanh theo nm. V d s t trch ca JIA t 2011 ti 2009 l 42 trn 78, t 2011 ti 2008 l 12 trn 38. iu ny khng kh hiu nu chng ta nh l ch s nh hng ca ISI c tnh trn c s 2 nm cui.
(6)http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aaa (7)http://www.math.ac.vn/publications/acta (8)http://www.hindawi.com/countries/vn

so snh ta hy ly tp ch Acta Mathematica Vietnamica (AMV)(7). Trong cc trch dn ti AMV ca cc bi bo ra nm 2011 ch c 5/24 l t trch dn. Trong cc trch dn ti AMV ca cc bi bo ra nm 2010 ch c 1/31 l t trch dn v vi nm 2009 ch c 2 trn 16 l t trch dn. Vi tp ch Inventiones Mathematicae cc s liu l nh sau: t trch dn ca Invent. trong nm 2011 ti 2010 l 5/136 ti 2009 l 11/147, ti 2008 l 4/198. ISI lun rao ging v s u vit ca mnh trong cng tc nh gi khoa hc. Nhng cc thng k trn t cho chng ta cu hi: Liu cc tp ch ny c ang c tnh nng ch s ISI ca mnh mt cch tinh vi? ISI khng kh nng pht hin ngy to trch dn, hay h lm ng? Con s cc cng b trn AAA v JIA tng mnh trong my nm li y cho ta thy sc mnh ca li nhun. Theo thng k ti thi im ny ca MathSciNet, nm 2012 AAA xut bn 431 bi bo v JIA xut bn 161 bi bo. Cng trn trang web ca Hindawi, s cc cng trnh v ton t Vit Nam tng nhanh theo nm: 2007 c 2 cng trnh, 2008 c 3 cng trnh, 2009 c 3 cng trnh, 2010 c 5 cng trnh, 2011 c 10 cng trnh v 2012 c 13 cng trnh(8).

4. NH HNG TIU CC CA CH S ISI TI T ON HC V IT N AM Ch s ISI c nhng nh hng tiu cc sau y ti tnh hnh nghin cu ton hc trong nc: - S phn loi qu th, khng th hin chnh xc cht lng nghin cu;

- i khi thiu chnh xc, to ra nhng k h d b li dng; - Gim cht lng cc tp ch trong nc, th tiu ng lc nghin cu nghim tc, c bit l ca cn b tr.

trong danh mc ISI, tnh t GS. L Vn Thim tr i, s ngi c hng chc cng trnh nh vy trong 10 nm li y khng phi him. Nh vy "ci lc" ISI nh gi cht lng nghin cu c th ni l qu th. V cht lng, cc tp ch c phn b theo m hnh kim t thp. Trn cng l mt s t cc tp ch rt tt, cng gim cht lng, s cc tp ch cng nhiu hn. Vic xc nh cc tp ch tp cao nht khng kh. Nhng tp ch ny hi nhng tiu ch kht khe v a dng nht: a ngnh, c ch s nh hng cao, ng nhng cng b quan trng nht ca nhng nh ton hc c nh hng nht... n c, vi bt c h thng tiu ch no th hai tp ch Annals of Mathematics v Inventiones Mathematicae cng lun c mt top cao nht. Vic so snh cc tp ch mc thp hn s cng lc cng kh hn bi cc yu t chuyn ngnh, cng ng, khu vc... Thng thng chng ta ch c th so snh mt tp ch c th vi mt s tp ch khc ch khng phi vi bt k tp ch no. Ni hnh tng, chng ta c mt tp sp th t tng phn ca cc tp ch. Khuynh hng cng b ca mt tc gi lun l "t khng nh mnh", lun mong mun cng b c cng trnh ca mnh trn tp ch vi cht lng cao nht c th. Mi mt nh ton hc thc th u c mt bng sp xp ca ring mnh bao gm tt c cc tp ch lin quan ti chuyn ngnh hp ca anh ta. Khuynh hng t nhin ca anh ta l ng tp ch cht lng cng cao cng tt. Phng php nh gi da ISI ca chng ta hin nay nh ng phn cao nht ca kim t thp cc tp ch ng thi gt ra ngoi cuc chi cc tp ch cn li. Vic "co bng" cc tp ch v t hn l "m c hc" s cng trnh s th

Trang ba hai tp ch ton hc ca Vit Nam AMV v VJM do Springer xut bn. Ngun: To son cc tp ch

ISI hin ang c coi l chun mc cho vic nh gi nghin cu khoa hc c bn Vit Nam. Ch ba nm trc a s cc nh khoa hc u coi nh l bc ngot trong cng tc qun l khoa hc nc ta. C l mt s ngi yn tm rng "gi th trng en r rng, khng c cng b ISI ngha l km, xin mi ra ngoi". Tuy nhin suy lun logic t ra cu hi: C ISI liu c chc chn l "khng km" khng? Vic kho st hai tp ch JIA v AAA ca Hindawi vi tp ch Acta Mathematica Vietnamica trn phn no tr li cho cu hi ny: ch s ISI c th b ngy to. C th a ra nhiu v d na v cc tp ch trong danh sch ISI nhng c cht lng khng hn hai tp ch ca Vit Nam nu nhn t tiu ch ca ch s trch dn. Chng hn, cc tp ch Bull. Malaysian Math. Soc., Bull. Iranian Math. Soc., Bull. Korean Math. Soc. l ISI, tuy nhin ch s trch dn trn MathSciNet lun km tp ch Acta Mathematica Vietnamica. i a s cc nh ton hc lm vic ti Vit Nam u c cng b trn cc tp ch

tiu hon ton ng lc "t khng nh mnh mt cch t nhin" nh nu trn. Dng nh cht lng khng cn quan trng na m ch cn s lng. Vi nhng ch trng kiu "thng cho mi cng trnh ISI 2000 USD", cc nh khoa hc, nht l nhng ngi mi vo ngh s khng th yn tm ngi 3 nm cho ra mt cng trnh khoa hc(9), m thay vo l mt nm 3 cng trnh. Mt khc, cc tp ch yu theo tiu ch ISI, ch yu l cc tp ch mi, tp ch khu vc, cng khng chu b gt ra ngoi cuc chi. Bng cch ny hay cch khc cc tp ch phi tm cch vo bng c ISI, "ISI hay l cht!". Trong mt bui lm vic gn y vi NXB Springer chng ti c bit, nm 2011 c thm 30 tp ch ca Springer c vo danh sch ISI. Springer hin nay xut bn khong 1300 tp ch khoa hc. Vic danh sch ISI ngy cng c ko di ng ngha vi vic cht lng ca tiu ch ISI ngy cng c h thp. Tt nhin Springer l nh xut bn uy tn nht v khoa hc, c bit l ton hc v chng ta c th hy vng cc tp ch ca h lun gi c nhng yu cu c bn nht ca mt tp ch khoa hc. Bn cnh Springer cn nhng nh xut bn nh Hindawi v nhiu nh xut bn Open Access khc. Mc d Hindawi mi thnh lp c 15 nm (so vi Springer nm nay trn 170 tui) nhng nh xut bn ny c hn 300 u tp ch. Tht kh c th tin c cht lng cng trnh y, khi m tc gi c m bo: mi cng trnh gi ng s c phn bin trong vng 2 thng (c nh xut bn cn h con s ny xung ti 2 tun (10)).

Vi tiu ch ISI nh hin nay, chng ta ang v tnh h chun ca ton hc Vit Nam, trit tiu ng lc nghin cu ca gii lm ton v nguy him nht, l to cho th h tr mt t duy lch lc ngay t trc khi bt u nghin cu. 5. LI KT Trong nm qua Hi ng ngnh Ton ca Qu Nafosted cng nh Hi ng chc danh Gio s ngnh Ton kin quyt khng tnh cc cng trnh ng trn mt s tp ch Open Access c cht lng khng m bo, d cc tp ch nm trong danh sch ISI. Thit ngh, cng ng ton hc cn c thi dt khot phn i vic cng b trn cc tp ch ISI phi ng tin. i vi ngnh Ton, khng c mt l gii thuyt phc no cho vic cng b cng trnh trn nhng tp ch phi ng tin, d cho l tp ch ISI: chng ta c qu nhiu tp ch c cht lng m vic cng b l hon ton min ph, chng ta cng c phng tin cung cp min ph cc kt qu nghin cu ca mnh cho ton b cng ng ton hc th gii. Hn th na, n lc phi xem li tiu ch ISI trong vic nh gi cht lng nghin cu ton hc Vit Nam. Chng ta cn mt cch phn loi mn hn, nhm khuyn khch mi ngi cng b nhng cng trnh cht lng hn, thay v c nhiu cng b. "Ch trng vo cht lng thay v s lng" cng l iu m Wendelin Werner, Fields Medal 2006, thnh vin Ban iu hnh Lin on Ton hc th gii chia s trong bui lm vic vi cc cn b Vin Ton hc ngy 3/1/2013.

(9)A. N. Kolmogorov tng dy cc hc tr ng khi bc vo lm nghin cu sinh: c c mt

cng trnh khoa hc thc th cn phi c ba nghn gi nghin cu. (10)Xem thm TTTH Tp 14, s 4.

10

Nhng k nim v Grothendieck v trng phi ca ng (tip theo v ht)

Luc Illusie, cng Alexander Beilinson, Spencer Bloch, Vladimir Drinfeld v mt s ngi khc Weil v Grothendieck Bloch: Mt ln ti hi Weil v l thuyt s th k 19 v liu ng c ngh rng cn c tng no m vn cha c nghin cu. ng ni Khng. (Ci to!) Illusie: Ti tho lun vi Serre v nhng g m ng y cho l ng gp tng ng ca Weil v Grothendieck. Serre nh gi Weil cao hn. Mc d nhng ng gp ca Weil l tuyt vi, nhng bn thn ti cho rng cc ng gp ca Grothendieck vn ln hn. Drinfeld: Nhng Weil l ngi lm sng li l thuyt cc dng modular trong bi bo ni ting ca ng y. C th Grothendieck khng lm c iu . Illusie: Vng, y chc chn l mt ng gp to ln ri. Ging nh vi nhng quyn sch ca Weil, quyn C s hnh hc i s (Foundations of Algebraic Geometry) rt kh c. Mt hm khc Serre ni vi ti rng Weil khng th chng minh c nh l A cho cc a tp affine theo ngn ng ca mnh. V thm ch vi cun sch ca Weil v cc a tp K ahler, ti thy hi nng. Bloch: Cun sch ni ring c nh hng rt ln. Phong cch ca Grothendieck Illusie: Vng, nhng ti khng tht thch phong cch ca Weil. Phong cch ca Grothendieck cng c mt s khim khuyt. Mt khim khuyt hu nh khng th nhn ra c ngay t u v tr nn rt ln sau ny l thi quen xem xt li v ch thch. Theo kha cnh ny Rcoltes et Semailles l khng th tin c. Cc ch thch qu nhiu v qu di. Ngay trong bc th tuyt p gi cho Atiyah v i ng iu de Rham, c rt nhiu ch thch, trong cha mt vi trong nhng kt qu quan trng nht. Bloch: , ti nh thy nhng bn sao, nhng bn sao thi k u, khi nhng my photocopy cha tht tt. ng y g mt bc th v sau thm nhng ch thch vit tay m c khng ni. Illusie: Vng, ti quen vi cc bn vit tay ca ng y nn ti c th hiu. Bloch: Chng ta ngi xung quanh v on ... Illusie: i vi Grothendieck khng c pht biu no l tt nht. ng lun lun c th tm thy mt pht biu khc tt hn, tng qut hn hoc linh hot hn. ng k l khi nghin cu mt vn , ng phi i vo gic ng cng vi vn trong mt thi gian. ng y ging nhng ng c bn trong c sn du. lm iu ny anh phi phn chia, lm cc bi tp (luyn tp ging nh mt ngh s dng cm), xt cc trng hp c bit, tnh cht hm t. Cui cng, anh nhn c mt hnh thc ho tun theo dvissage (tho - mt k thut ca Grothendieck lm vic vi cc b nht qun - ND). Ti ngh mt l do v sao sau khi nghe bi ging ca Serre trong seminar ca Chevalley nm 1958, Grothendieck t

11

tin l a phng ha tale s mang li nh ngha ng ca cc H i , l mt khi cc anh c i ng iu (chun) ca cc ng cong, th nh vo cc phn th trong nhng ng cong v dvissage cc anh cng s i n cc i ng iu H i bc cao. Ti rng Grothendiek l ngi u tin vit mt nh x theo chiu dc thay cho t tri sang phi (Theo Cartier, thc ra theo chiu thng ng c dng ph bin t trc rt lu ch cc m rng trng, c bit l trng phi ton hc c). Drinfeld: ng y cng l ngi u tin t k hiu X trn S . Trc , X c t bn tri v S c t bn phi. Illusie: Vng, Grothendieck lun t duy trn mt c s. Mt c s c th l mt lc , mt topos, mi th. C s khng c nhng tnh cht c bit. Trng thi tng i mi l iu quan trng. y l l do v sao ng y mun b i gi thit v tnh cht Noether. Bloch: V ti nh l trong nhng thi k u, cc lc v cu x l tch, nhng sau chng ch l ta-tch thi. i s giao hon Illusie: Vo thi i ca Weil, anh xt cc trng, ri cc nh gi, v ri cc vnh nh gi, v cc vnh chun tc. Cc vnh thng c gi s l chun tc. Grothendieck cho rng vic a ra cc hn ch mt cch h thng nh vy ngay t u l v l. Khi nh ngha ph nguyn t Spec(A), A nn l mt vnh giao hon bt k. Drinfeld: Xin li, nhng lm th no ngi ta xt ng cong c nt (nodal) nu cc vnh c gi s l chun tc? Nhng a tp khng chun tc xut hin. . .

Illusie: Tt nhin, nhng ngi ta thng s dng chun ha. Grothendieck nhn thc c tm quan trng ca tnh chun tc, v ti ngh tiu chun ca Serre v tnh chun tc l mt trong nhng ng lc cho l thuyt ca ng y v su v i ng iu a phng.

Andr Weil. Ngun: Internet

Bloch: Ti t hi liu ngy nay phong cch ton hc nh vy c th tn ti khng. Illusie: Cng trnh ca Voevodsky l kh tng qut. Mt vi ngi c gng bt chc Grothendieck, nhng ti s rng nhng g h lm khng bao gi t n mc trn tru (oily character) c trng Grothendieck. Nhng iu khng c ngha l Grothendieck khng hng th vi vic nghin cu cc i tng c cu trc phong ph. Nh i vi EGA IV , d nhin y l mt kit tc v i s a phng, lnh vc ng y cc k am hiu. Chng ta c hng rt nhiu t EGA IV , mc d ngy nay c th vit li mt vi ch bng cch s dng phc i tip xc. Cc mnh tng i Illusie: Ngy nay chng ta hn l hay t mt s vn dng tng i, chng ta qun mt tnh cch mng ca cch lm nh vy vo thi im . Chng minh

12

nh l Riemann Roch ca Hirzebruch cc k phc tp, trong khi php chng minh ca phin bn tng i, nh l Grothendieck Riemann Roch, l rt d dng bng cch chuyn v trng hp ca mt php nhng. Tht tuyt diu! (Theo Deligne, cng cch mng khng km l tng ca Grothendieck xem mt lc nh mt hm t trn phm tr cc i s m lc biu din). Hn nhin Grothendieck l cha ca K-l thuyt. Nhng Serre l ngi c tng xt (c trng Euler-Poincar (ND)). Ti ngh nhng ngi thi trc khng h c tng g v mt dng tng qut ho ca nh l Riemann Roch trn ng cong. i vi cc mt, c hai v ca cng thc u rt rc ri. Serre l ngi nhn ra rng c trng Euler-Poincar, tng xen k cc chiu ca H i (O) hoc Hi (O), l bt bin cn tm. l khong u nhng nm 1950. V sau Grothendieck thy rng ph dng nm trong K-nhm...

n lun n ca ng. Vy ng mt bao nhiu nm? Illusie: Ti bt u lm vic trn cc phc i tip xc vo cui nm 1967, v ton b c hon thnh trong hai nm, theo mt ngha no . Drinfeld: Nhng trc c mt s n lc khng thnh cng do bn cht ca vn . ng bt u lm lun n khi no? Nh ti hiu, thm ch ngay c by gi, thi gian tiu chun vi cc nghin cu sinh M l nm nm. Illusie: Thc t, ti lm lun n ch yu trong hai nm. Nm 1968 ti gi mt bc th cho Quillen phc tho nhng g ti lm. ng y ni, nhng kt qu l tt. V sau ti vit lun n ca mnh rt nhanh chng. Drinfeld: Trc ng c phi l mt sinh vin mi tt nghip khng (khi no ng bt u tham gia seminar ca Grothendieck)? Illusie: Ti CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Trung tm Nghin cu quc gia). Drinfeld: , ng l ... Illusie: Vng, ging nh thin ng. Anh vo cole Normale... (trng S phm cao cp). Drinfeld: Vng, chc chn ri, ti hiu m. Illusie: V anh lm vic kh tt, v th Cartan n anh v ni, , cu sinh vin ny nn n CNRS. Ngay khi thuc CNRS, anh s cho n cui i. iu cng khng tht chnh xc. Mt v tr ti CNRS vo thi gian khng phi l mt fonctionnaire (cng chc - civil servant). Nhng v ti khng ngi khng nn hp ng ca ti c ko di nm ny qua nm khc.

Lun n tin s khoa hc (Thse dtat) Drinfeld: Vy l khi Grothendieck chn ti cho hc tr ca mnh ng y khng quan tm nhiu n kh nng gii quyt c ti . Illusie: Tt nhin, ng y quan tm n ti, nhng khi ng y khng bit lm th no gii quyt n, ng dnh cho cc hc tr ca mnh. Cc lun n tin s khoa hc u nh th... Drinfeld: Th mt lun n c vit trong bao nhiu nm? Chng hn, ng tn bao nhiu nm? ng phi i ti mt hoc hai ln, v cn xen gia l cc cng vic vi seminar SGA, ci khng lin quan n lun n. Nhng vic rt hu ch cho nhn loi v l dp luyn tp rt tt cho ng, nhng n chng lin quan

13

Tt nhin, chng ti c khong mi nm ngi lm ton cole Normale v khng c nhiu v tr nh vy CNRS. Nhng ngi cn li nhn c cc v tr ging nh tr l, n khng tt nh CNRS nhng vn chp nhn c. Drinfeld: C ai thng xuyn nhc nh ng l n lc ng phi hon thnh lun n khng? Illusie: , c th gp rc ri nu qu by nm. V ti bt u ti CNRS vo nm 1963 v hon thnh lun n trc nm 1970 nn ti c an ton. Drinfeld: Cn chuyn ng mt by nm khng lm gim c hi xin vic trong tng lai ca ng sao? Illusie: Khng. T nm 1963 n 1969 ti l attach de recherche (tr l nghin cu), sau , t 1969 n 1973 l charg de recherche (nghin cu vin), v nng ln thnh ma tre de recherche (nghin cu vin chnh) nm 1973 (tng ng vi hng directeur de deuxime hin gi). Ngy nay, nu mt nghin sinh khng bo v lun n c sau 5 nm th s gp rc ri. Drinfeld: Ci g thay i. . . ? Illusie: Thse dtat b b v thay bng lun n tiu chun, theo m hnh ca M. Drinfeld: Vng. Illusie: Thng mt nghin cu sinh c ba nm hon thnh lun n. Sau ba nm, hc bng kt thc v anh ta phi tm mt v tr u , lu di hoc tm thi (ging nh ATER = attach denseignement et de recherche, hay thc tp sau tin s (postdoc)). Trong vi nm chng ti c mt h thng qu vi nouvelle thse (lun n mi), tng t nh lun n chng ti c ngy nay, tip theo s l thse dtat. By

gi thse dtat c thay th bi chng ch i dy (habilitation, cng hay c dch l tin s khoa hc). khng phi l cng mt loi. N l mt tp hp cc bi bo m anh trnh by ti bui bo v. Anh cn chng ch i dy ng c vo cc v tr gio s. Grothendieck hm nay Khng r: C l ng k cho ti ri, nhng hin ti Grothendieck ang u? Khng ai bit sao? Illusie: C l mt vi ngi bit. Bn thn ti th khng bit. Bloch: Nu chng ta vo Google v g Grothendieck ... Illusie: Chng ta s tm thy trang web Grothendieck. Bloch: Vng, trang web . ng y c mt topos web (Grothendieck Circle ND).

A. Grothendieck nm 1988 Ngun: Internet

Khng r: Con trai ca Grothendieck th no? Cu y c tr thnh mt nh ton hc khng? Illusie: Grothendieck c bn con trai. Ti nghe ni cu con t hc ti i hc Harvard.

14

EGA Bloch: ng khng th bo mt sinh vin ngy nay l tm n EGA v hc hnh hc i s ... Illusie: Trn thc t, cc sinh vin mun c EGA. H hiu l vi nhng cu hi c bit th h phi tm n , ni duy nht h c th tm c mt cu tr li tha ng. Anh phi cho h cha kha thm nhp vo , gii thch cho h ngn ng c s. V sau h thng thch EGA hn nhng cun sch khc. Tt nhin, EGA hay SGA ging t in hn l nhng quyn sch m anh c th c t A n Z. Bloch: Mt iu lun lm ti pht in vi EGA l qu tha cc trch dn. ti l c th l mt cu ri sau l mt con s by ch s... Illusie: Khng... ng ang phng i. Bloch: Anh chng bao gi bit liu ng sau bc mn che c mt ci g rt th v khin anh phi tm li trong mt tp khc; hay c phi n thc ra ch tr n th g hon ton r rng v anh khng cn phi . . . Illusie: l mt nguyn tc ca Grothendieck: mi khng nh u phi c xc minh chc chn l ng, hoc bng mt trch dn tham kho, hoc bng mt chng minh. Thm ch l mt khng nh tm thng. ng y ght nhng cm t d thy rng, d kim tra l... Khi ng y ang vit EGA, nh cc ng thy y, ng y mt a ht cha tng c bit ti. Mc d ng y c mt bc tranh ton cnh r rng, nhng

rt d b lc li. y l mt phn l do ti sao ng y mun c mt s xc minh cho tt c mi th. ng thi ng y cng mun Dieudonn c th hiu c! Drinfeld: ng gp ca Dieudonn cho EGA nh th no? Illusie: ng y vit li, thm vo cc chi tit, cc b sung, trau chut cc chng minh. Nhng nhng bn tho ban u ca Grothendieck (tat 000) m ti tng thy mt s cng kh t m ri. Ngy nay ta c nhng h thng TEX rt hu hiu, cc bn tho nhn rt p. Vo thi k ca Grothendieck, s trnh by khng tht p, c l, nhng cc bn tho ca Dieudonn-Grothendieck vn tuyt vi. Ti ngh ng gp quan trng nht ca Dieudonn l phn ca EGA IV lin quan n tnh ton vi phn trn c s dng, n vnh a phng y - c s ca l thuyt cc vnh u t (excellent rings). Grothendieck cng khng tit kim. ng y cho rng mt s b sung thm ch khng hu ch ngay lp tc nhng khng nn b v c th s quan trng sau ny. ng y mun nhn thy tt c cc mt ca mt l thuyt. Khng r: Khi Grothendieck bt u nhng cng vic trong EGA, ng y c mt tm nhn nhng g s tip theo, nh i ng iu tale, ..., khng? ng y c trong u mt vi ng dng cha? Illusie: K hoch m Grothendieck a ra cho EGA trong n bn u tin ca EGA I (nm 1960) cho thy r tm nhn ca ng y vo thi im .

Ngi dch: on Trung Cng (Vin Ton hc) v Trn Giang Nam (i hc ng Thp) Dch t bn ting Anh (vi s cho php ca Notices AMS. v cc tc gi): L. Illusie, A. Beilinson, S. Bloch, V . Drinfeld et al., Reminiscences of Grothendieck and his school. Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 57(9) (2010), 11061115.

15

Tin tc hi vin v hot ng ton hc

LTS: tng cng s hiu bit ln nhau trong cng ng cc nh ton hc Vit Nam, Ta son mong nhn c nhiu thng tin t cc hi vin HTHVN v chnh bn thn, c quan hoc ng nghip ca mnh. Thng qua chng trnh i hi Ton hc ton quc. Ngy 17/10/2012, ti Vin Nghin cu cao cp v Ton din ra phin hp phi hp gia Ban Chp hnh Hi Ton hc Vit Nam v Ban T chc, Ban Chng trnh i hi Ton hc Vit Nam ln th 8. Trong phin hp, cc i biu thng nht thi gian tin hnh i hi Ton hc Vit Nam ln th 8 t ngy 10-14/08/2013 ti Trng S quan Thng tin, thnh ph Nha Trang, Khnh Ho. Danh sch cc nh ton hc c mi bo co ton th ti i hi cng c thng qua trong phin hp ny. Thng tin chi tit c th xem trong Thng bo s 1 (trang 22) cng nh trn trang web ca i hi. Ch tch Hi ng Chc danh Gio s nh nc, GS. TS. Phm V Lun, ra quyt nh cng nhn chc danh gio s cho 42 nh gio v chc danh ph gio s cho 427 nh gio nm 2012. Danh sch c th cc gio s v ph gio s ngnh Ton c cng nhn trong t ny nh sau Chc danh Gio s 1. ng Quang (sn 1950), Vin Cng ngh Thng tin - Vin KHCN Vit Nam, chuyn ngnh Ton hc tnh ton. 2. Phng H Hi (sn 1970), Vin Ton hc - Vin KHCN Vit Nam, chuyn ngnh i s v L thuyt s. Chc danh Ph gio s 1. Lm Quc Anh (sn 1974), i hc Cn Th, chuyn ngnh L thuyt ti u. 2. Nguyn Quang Huy (sn 1973), i hc S phm H Ni 2 (Xun Ha), chuyn ngnh L thuyt ti u. 3. V Th Khi (sn 1974), Vin Ton hc - Vin KHCN Vit Nam, chuyn ngnh Hnh hc - T p. 4. L Th Phng Ngc (sn 1966), Cao ng S phm Nha Trang, chuyn ngnh Ton gii tch. 5. Phm Hu Anh Ngc (sn 1967), i hc Quc t - HQG Tp. H Ch Minh, chuyn ngnh Ton gii tch. Thng tin thm c th xem trong bi trang 2. Hi ngh Quc t v Thng k v s tng tc ca n vi cc ngnh khc (SIOD 2013) c cc trng H Moncton (Canada), H Khoa hc T nhin v H Kinh t - Lut thuc HQG TP . H Ch Minh, H Tn c Thng v H Cn Th phi hp t chc s din ra t ngy 57/5/2013 ti trng H Tn c Thng. Hi ngh nm trong mt lot cc hot ng ton cu nhm k nim Nm quc t v Thng k 2013. Nm 2013 c Hi Khoa hc Thng k M cng vi cc t chc lin quan chn lm "Nm quc t v Thng k" vi mc ch "tng cng s quan tm ca cng chng n sc mnh v nh hng ca khoa hc thng k n mi mt ca x hi; h tr nhng ngi lm trong ngnh thng k, c bit l nhng ngi tr tui; thc y tnh sng to v s pht trin trong cc ngnh khoa hc lin quan n l thuyt xc sut v thng k".

16

c gi quan tm c th xem thm thng tin trn trang web ca hi ngh ti http://siod.tdt.edu.vn v thng tin v "Nm quc t v Thng k" ti http://www.statistics2013.org Trch nhim mi GS. TSKH. Nguyn Mnh Hng, i hc S phm H Ni, c iu ng v b nhim gi chc v Ph gim c Hc vin Qun l gio dc (B Gio dc v o to). Trc GS. Nguyn Mnh Hng nguyn l Trng B mn Gii tch, Khoa Ton-Tin hc v Trng phng Tp ch v Thng tin Khoa hc cng ngh, i hc S phm H Ni. Chuyn ngnh nghin cu ca ng l l thuyt phng trnh o hm ring. GS. TSKH. V Ngc Pht c b nhim l Ch tch Hi ng Khoa hc ca Vin Ton hc, Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam, t thng 11/2012. Chuyn ngnh nghin cu ca ng l l thuyt iu khin. Gn y, GS. V Ngc Pht c i hc Deakin, c, trao tng danh hiu Gio s danh d (nm 2011) v Gii thng "Thinkers in Residence Australia" cho nm 2013 (tr gi 20.000 -la c). Cng t ny, GS. TS. Nguyn Quc

Thng, Trng phng L thuyt s, c b nhim l Ph ch tch HKH ca Vin Ton hc. i hc S phm H Ni b nhim cc chc v lnh o mi. Hi vin Hi Ton hc c PGS. TS. Nguyn Vn Tro c b nhim gi chc v Ph hiu trng nh trng. PGS. Nguyn Vn Tro nguyn l Trng khoa Ton-Tin hc, chuyn ngnh nghin cu ca ng l gii tch phc. GS. TSKH. c Thi c b nhim l Trng khoa Ton-Tin hc v TS. Nguyn c Huy c b nhim l Ph trng khoa Ton-Tin hc. GS. c Thi l chuyn gia trong lnh vc hnh hc phc, lnh vc nghin cu chnh ca TS. Nguyn c Huy l l thuyt phng trnh o hm ring. Tin bun PGS. TS. Hong Ch Thnh, nh gio u t, ging vin Khoa Ton - C - Tin hc, Trng H Khoa hc T nhin, HQG H Ni, do lm bnh t ngt mt ngy 22/12/2012, hng th 60 tui. PGS. Hong Ch Thnh nguyn l Ch nhim B mn Tin hc v l hi vin Hi Ton hc Vit Nam. ng l chuyn gia trong lnh vc c s ton hc ca tin hc.

Danh sch ng h qu L Vn Thim (Tip theo k trc) 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 Trn nh Vi Trn V Khanh Nguyn nh Ph on Th Hiu Phan Th Minh Nguyt Hong Mnh H Nguyn Huyn Trang Trng Hng Tun Nguyn Duy Thi Sn Vng Hoi Thu THPT L Khit, Qung Ngi 1.000.000 H Tn To, Long An 1.000.000 H KHTN - HQG Tp. H Ch Minh 2.000.000 H S phm - H Hu 700.000 NXB Gio dc 300.000 i hc in lc 200.000 250.000 200.000 H Nng 800.000 100.000

17

Tin Ton hc th gii

Gii Nobel Vt L 2012 c trao cho hai nh khoa hc Serge Haroche (Php) v David J. Wineland (M). Hai nh khoa hc c vinh danh nh nhng phng php th nghim mang tnh t ph, cho php o lng v thao tc trn cc h thng lng t ring bit, gip cho vt l lng t c th i nhng bc u tin hng ti vic to nn my tnh lng t. S. Haroche sinh nm 1944 ti Casablanca. T nm 2001, ng l gio s ti College de France v gi chc Ch tch Hi Vt l lng t Php. D. J. Wineland sinh nm 1944 v ang lm vic ti Phng th nghim Vt l ca Vin Tiu chun v Cng ngh quc gia M. ng nhn bng tin s nm 1970 ti i hc Harvard v c bu vo Vin Hn lm Khoa hc M t nm 1992. Hai nh khoa hc ngi M, Alvivin E. Roth v Lloyd S. Shapley c trao gii Nobel Kinh t nm 2012 nh nghin cu v "L thuyt phn phi cng bng v thit k th trng"(1). L thuyt ny a ra nhng phng php ghp ni cc cp tc nhn kinh t, x hi mt cch ti u, chng hn nh th sinh v trng hc, ngi hin ni tng v bnh nhn... L. S. Shapley sinh nm 1923, hin ging dy mn ton v kinh t hc ti H California Los Angeles. ng cng l mt nh khoa hc tin phong trong "L thuyt tr chi". A. E. Roth sinh nm 1951, ging dy v cc mn kinh t v qun tr kinh doanh ti H Harvard. ng c nhiu ng gp quan trng trong l thuyt tr chi, to lp th trng v kinh t hc thc nghim. Lars H ormander, huy chng Fields nm 1962, mt ngy 25/11 tui 81. H ormander l mt nh ton hc Thu in, ni ting vi cc cng trnh v gii tch to nn cuc cch mng i vi l thuyt phng trnh o hm ring hin i. Trong cc cng trnh , l thuyt v cc ton t gi vi phn v cc ton t tch phn Fourier c cho l s c nh hng lu di. Bn cnh Huy chng Fields, ng cn l ch nhn ca Gii thng Wolf (1988), Gii thng Leroy P . Steele (2006, cho b sch bn tp "The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators"). ng cng l Vin s Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Hong gia Thu in (t 1968). Shreeram S. Abhyankar, Gio s Ton ca i hc Purdue, M, qua i ngy 2/9 tui 82 do mt cn au tim t ngt khi ang ngi lm vic. Abhyankar l mt trong nhng hc tr xut sc nht ca Oscar Zariski.

Hi ngh v Gi thuyt Jacobian - Vin Ton hc 2006. T tri: T L Li, W. Neumann, S. Abhyankar, M. Oka, H Huy Vui Ngun: Vin Ton hc

Trong s nghip lm ton hn 60 nm ca mnh, Abhyankar vit hn 200 bi

(1)L thuyt ny khi u t mt thut ton n gin c trnh by trong bi bo "D. Gale, L. S. Shapley. College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage. Amer. Math. Monthly 69(1) (1962), 9-15".

18

bo v mt s sch chuyn kho. ng c nhiu ng gp quan trng trong nhiu lnh vc ton hc bao gm hnh hc i s, i s giao hon, l thuyt nhm v t hp. Hai bi ton ln m ng c ng gp nhiu nht l s tn ti php gii k d trn trng c s p > 0 v Gi thuyt Jacobian. S tn ti php gii k d l mt tronng nhng bi ton c bn v quan trng nht ca hnh hc i s. Bi ton ny c Heisuke Hironaka (huy

chng Fields 1970) gii quyt cho mi a tp trn trng c c s 0 vo nm 1964. Trng hp c s p > 0 n nay vn l mt trong nhng thch ln ca ton hc ng i. Nm 1966, Abhyankar a ra php gii k d cho a tp 3 chiu cho mi c s p > 5. Phng php tip cn ca ca ng, lm u ha a phng (local uniformization), cho n nay l phng php thnh cng duy nht i vi a tp 3 chiu.

Mc Tin Ton hc th gii s ny c thc hin vi s cng tc ca Phm An Vinh (H Missouri, M).

Danh sch xp hng cc tp ch ton hc ca Hi ng Nghin cu Australia (ARC) nm 2010

(tip)

Cc tp ch Ton hc tnh ton

Nhm A* (Th t theo bng ch ci) 1. 2. 3. 4. Acta Numerica Numerische Mathematik SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis SIAM Journal on Optimization Nhm B 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Nhm A 18. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Advances in Computational Mathematics IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis Integral Equations and Operator Theory Journal of Functional Programming Journal of Global Optimization Journal of Heuristics Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 12. Mathematics of Computation 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Applied Numerical Mathematics BIT Numerical Mathematics Calcolo Computational Geometry - Theory and Applications Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations Integral Transforms and Special Functions International Journal of Approximate Reasoning International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation International Journal of Numerical Analysis and Modeling Journal of Combinatorial Optimization

19

24. Journal of Computational Mathematics 25. Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization 26. Numerical Algorithms 27. Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 28. Optimization 29. Optimization Letters 30. Optimization Methods and Software Nhm C 31. Chinese Journal of Numerical Mathematics and Applications 32. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory 33. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics 34. Computational Math. and Modeling

35. Discussiones Mathematicae: Differential Inclusions, Control and Optimization 36. International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science 37. Journal of Computational Mathematics and Optimization 38. Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics 39. Journal of Numerical Mathematics 40. Moscow University Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics 41. Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems 42. Numerical Mathematics: Theory, Methods and Applications (NM-TMA) 43. Pacific Journal of Optimization 44. Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling Khng xp hng 45. Numerical Analysis and Applications

Cc tp ch Thng k
Nhm A* (Th t theo bng ch ci) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Annals of Applied Probability Annals of Applied Statistics Annals of Probability Annals of Statistics Bioinformatics Biometrics Biometrika Biostatistics Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics Journal of the American Statistical Association Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology Probability Theory and Related Fields Statistics in Medicine Nhm A 16. Advances in Applied Probability 17. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 18. Bernoulli: a journal of mathematical statistics and probability 19. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 20. Electronic Journal of Probability 21. International Statistical Review 22. Journal of Applied Probability 23. Journal of Multivariate Analysis 24. Journal of Statistical Planning & Inference 25. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics 26. Journal of Time Series Analysis 27. L Institut Henri Poincare. Annales (B). Probabilites et Statistiques 28. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics 29. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics: theory and applications 30. Statistica Sinica

20

31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Statistical Science: a review journal Statistics and Computing Stochastic Processes & their Applications Technometrics Theory of Probability and Its Applications

Nhm B 36. American Statistician 37. Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis 38. Applied Stochastic Models In Business And Industry 39. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics 40. Bayesian Analysis 41. Biometrical Journal: journal of mathematical methods in biosciences 42. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 43. Canadian Journal of Statistics 44. Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods 45. Electronic Communications in Probability 46. Electronic Journal of Statistics 47. Foundations and Trends in Stochastic Systems 48. International Journal of Game Theory 49. Journal of Applied Statistics 50. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 51. Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 52. Journal of Official Statistics: an international quarterly 53. Journal of Quality Technology 54. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice 55. Journal of Statistics Education 56. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D: The Statistician 57. Journal of Theoretical Probability 58. Lifetime Data Analysis: an international journal devoted to the methods and applications of reliabil 59. Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability 60. Metrika: international journal for theoretical and applied statistics 61. Multivariate Behavioral Research 62. Open Systems and Information Dynamics

63. Pharmaceutical Statistics 64. Quality and Quantity: international journal of methodology 65. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 66. Sankhya: The Indian Journal of Statistics 67. Statistica Neerlandica 68. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 69. Statistical Modelling: an international journal 70. Statistical Papers 71. Statistics and Probability Letters 72. Statistics Education Research Journal 73. Statistics: a journal of theoretical and applied statistics 74. Stochastic Analysis and Applications 75. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 76. Stochastic Models 77. Stochastics and Dynamics 78. Survey Methodology 79. Test Nhm C 80. 81. 82. 83. A St A: Advances in Statistical Analysis Advances and applications in statistics Advances in Data Analysis & Classification Alea (Rio de Janeiro): Latin American journal of probability and mathematical statistics Aligarh Journal of Statistics American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences Applied Bioinformatics AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv Austrian Journal of Statistics Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics (Brazilian Stat. Assoc.) Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin Case Studies in Business, Industry and Government Statistics Chance Chilean Journal of Statistics Chinese Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95.

21

96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130.

ESAIM: Probability and Statistics Far East Journal of Theoretical Statistics IMS Bulletin International Journal of Biostatistics International Journal of Ecological Economics and Statistics International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering Inter. Journal of Statistics & Systems International Journal of Tomography and Statistics InterStat Journal Electronique dHistoire des Probabilites et de la Statistique Journal of Applied Probability & Statistics Journal of Applied Statistical Science Journal of Data Science Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics Journal of Grey System Journal of Mathematical Sociology Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation Journal of Statistical Research Journal of Statistical Software Journal of Statistical Studies Journal of Statistical Theory & Appl. Journal of Statistics and Applications Journal of Statistics and Management Systems Journal of the Japan Statistical Society Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland JP Journal of Biostatistics Kybernetika Mathematical Methods of Statistics Metron: international journal of statistics Model Assisted Statistics and Applications: an international journal Oyo Tokeigaku

131. Pakistan Journal of Statistics 132. Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 133. Probability and Mathematical Statistics 134. Probability Surveys 135. Race Relations Abstracts 136. Random Operations and Stochastic Equations 137. Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos para la Economia y la Empresa 138. Sampling Theory in Signal and Information Processing 139. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Volkswirtschaft und Statistik 140. Sequential Analysis 141. Significance: statistics making sense 142. SORT 143. South African Statistical Journal 144. STAR 145. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 146. Statistical Inference for Stochastic Processes 147. Statistical Journal of the IAOS 148. Statistical Methodology 149. Statistical Methods and Applications 150. Statistics and Decisions 151. Statistics in Transition 152. Statistics Surveys 153. Stochastic and Stochastics Reports 154. Stochastics: An International Journal of Probability and Stochastic Processes (formerly Stochastics and Stochastic Reports) 155. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 156. Survey Research Methods 157. Technology Innovations in Statistics Education 158. The Stata Journal 159. Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics 160. Theory of Stochastic Processes 161. Understanding Statistics Khng xp hng 162. International Journal of Data Analysis Techniques and Strategies

22

Thng tin hi ngh

I HI TON HC VIT NAM LN TH 8
Nha Trang, 10-14/08/2013 (Thng bo s 1)
Chng trnh i hi s gm cc bo co mi ton th, bo co mi tiu ban v cc thng bo khoa hc. Theo truyn thng i hi s c chia thnh 8 tiu ban, mi tiu ban s c 6 bo co mi tiu ban, cng cc thng bo khoa hc. N V PHI HP T CHC: Hi Ton hc Vit Nam, Trng S quan Thng tin, Vin Nghin cu cao cp v Ton, Vin Ton hc N V TI TR CHNH: Chng trnh Trng im quc gia pht trin Ton hc giai on 2010-2020, Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam BAN T CHC. Trng ban: Nguyn Hu D (HKHTN-HQG H Ni), L nh Hng (Trng S quan Thng tin), Phm Th Long (Hc vin KTQS) BAN CHNG TRNH. Trng ban: L Tun Hoa (Vin NCCCT), Trn Vn Nhung (Hi ng CDGSNN) BAN T CHC A PHNG. Trng ban: Nguyn Hong Tuyn, Ph ban: Bi Sn H (Trng S quan Thng tin) THI GIAN V A IM T CHC: 1014/08/2013 ti Trng S quan Thng tin, thnh ph Nha Trang (Khnh Ha). Mt s mc thi gian ng k tham d: Trc 31/05/2013 Gi tm tt bo co: Trc 15/06/2013 LIN H: Thng tin v i hi v lin h vi Ban t chc c thc hin qua trang web ti a ch http://viasm.edu.vn/hdkh/dhthtq2013 hoc E-mail: dhthtq2013@viasm.edu.vn BO CO MI TON TH: Phng H Hi (Vin Ton hc), inh Nho Ho (Vin Ton hc), Phan Quc Khnh (H Quc t - HQG Tp. H Ch Minh), Trn V Khanh (H Tn To), Phm Hu Tip (H Arizona, M) DANH SCH CC TIU BAN 1. i s - Hnh hc - Tp. Trng ban: Nguyn Hu Vit Hng (HKHTN-HQG H Ni), Ng Vit Trung (Vin Ton hc) 2. Gii tch ton hc. Trng ban: Nguyn Vn Mu (HKHTN HQG H Ni), c Thi (HSP H Ni) 3. Phng trnh vi phn v Phng trnh o hm ring. Trng ban: Dng Minh c (HKHTN-HQG Tp. H Ch Minh), inh Nho Ho (Vin Ton hc) 4. Ti u v Tnh ton khoa hc. Trng ban: Phan Quc Khnh (HQT-HQG Tp. H Ch Minh), Hong Xun Ph (Vin Ton hc) 5. Xc sut v Thng k ton hc. Trng ban: Nguyn nh Cng (Vin KH&CN VN), Nguyn Hu D (HKHTN-HQG H Ni) 6. Ton hc ri rc v C s ton trong tin hc. Trng ban: Ng c Tn (Vin Ton hc), Trn an Th (HKHTN-HQG Tp. H Ch Minh) 7. ng dng ton hc. Trng ban: Phm K Anh (HKHTN-HQG H Ni), Tng nh Qu (HBK H Ni) 8. Ging dy v Lch s ton hc. Trng ban: Trn Ngc Giao (HV Gio dc), H Huy Khoi (H Thng Long)

23

Spring School on "GEOMETRIC COMBINATORICS"

Hanoi, February 19 - March 15, 2013
Funded by the Institute of Mathematics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology and the Einstein Foundation Berlin in the Dissertation Network between the Berlin Mathematical School. The scope of the program is to foster collaboration between Hanoi and Berlin in the range of educating graduate students in selected areas of mathematics. The school will be held at Institute of Mathematics, 18 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni. ORGANIZERS: Phan Th H Dng (Institute of Mathematics, VAST) and G unter M. Ziegler (FU Berlin). LECTURES 0. Introduction to Enumerative Combinatorics and Geometric Combinatorics by Phan Th H Dng (Institute of Mathematics) and L Anh Vinh (University of Education, VNU) (in Vietnamese). 1. Interesting Polytopes by G unter M. Ziegler (FU Berlin). 2. "Combinatorics and Valuations" by Raman Sanyal (FU Berlin). 3. "Combinatorial Reciprocity Theorems" by Matthias Beck (San Francisco State University). INSCRIPTION: Please send a message with subject Spring School 2013 to daotao@math.ac.vn, not later than February 05, 2013. For more information, please http://vie.math.ac.vn/learning visit

Quantum Topology and Hyperbolic Geometry

Nha Trang, May 13-17, 2013
The Quantum Topology and Hyperbolic Geometry Conference will take place in Nha Trang, Vietnam during May 13-17, 2013. The conference is hosted by Nha Trang College of Education and Institute of Mathematics, Hanoi. ORGANIZERS. Anna Beliakova (Universit at Z urich), Stavros Garoufalidis (Georgia Institute of Technology), Thang T. Q. Le (Georgia Institute of Technology) LOCAL ORGANIZERS. Phung Ho Hai, Vu The Khoi (Institute of Mathematics, Hanoi), Chu Dinh Loc, Phan Phien (Nha Trang College of Education) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: Vaughan Jones (Vanderbilt University) and Vladimir Turaev (Indiana University) TOPICS: Quantum Invariants; Hyperbolic Geometry; Khovanov and Heegaard Floer Homology; Volume and AJ Conjectures; Chern-Simons Theory; TQFT and representations of mapping class groups.

For more information, please visit http://vietnam2013.gatech.edu Priory to the conference there will be a preparation school, to be held at the Institute of Mathematics, Hanoi, May 6-10, 2013. The speakers are David Futer (Temple Univ., USA), Kazuo Habiro (RIMS, Japan) and Gregor Masbaum (Univ. Paris 6, France), each will give a 5-lecture mini-course. For more information please visit http://vie.math.ac.vn/learning

24

Dnh cho cc bn tr
LTS: "Dnh cho cc bn tr" l mc dnh cho Sinh vin, Hc sinh v tt c cc bn tr yu Ton. Ta son mong nhn c cc bi vit hoc bi dch c gi tr cho chuyn mc.

Phng php xc sut

Trn Nam Dng (Trng i hc KHTN, HQG Tp. H Ch Minh) Bi vit ny c mc tiu gii thiu vi bn c nhng tng c bn nht trong phng php xc sut p dng vo cc bi ton thuc nhiu lnh vc. Nhng ng dng ny cn mi m vi hc sinh Vit Nam nn chng ti s trnh by t nhng vn rt c bn. Mt phn quan trng trong bi vit s l nhng ng dng ca phng php xc sut trong cc bi ton Olympic. Trong phn cui, chng ti gii thiu ng dng ca phng php xc sut chng minh mt vi nh l quan trng trong l thuyt cc tr tp hp hu hn, qua gii thiu n bn c mt s vn ca lnh vc ang rt pht trin ny. 1. MT S BI TON M U Ln u tin ti bit n ng dng ca phng php xc sut trong cc bi ton thi hc sinh gii trung hc ph thng l qua bi ton i s sau y: Bi ton 1 (Bungari, 1984). Cho xi , yi , (i = 1, 2, . . . , n) l 2n s thc dng sao cho xi + yi = 1. Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn dng m, ta u c (1x1 x2 xn )m +
m m m (1 y1 )(1 y2 ) (1 yn ) 1.

C nhiu li gii cho bi ton ny, trong c cch gii thun ty i s. Tuy nhin, cc cch gii u kh phc tp. Li gii di y ca Pierre Bornsztein tht p v thanh thot. Li gii. Cho c1 , c2 , . . . , cn l cc ng xu sao cho vi mi i, xc sut ci ra mt sp l xi . Ta tung cc xu ny mt cch c lp m ln. Khi , (1 x1 x2 xn )m l xc sut P (A) ca bin c vi mi mt trong m ln tung, c t nht mt ng xu ra mt nga. Ch rng A = B C, trong B l bin c tn ti mt ng xu ra mt nga mi mt trong m ln tung, v C l bin c c t nht mt ng xu ra mt nga mi ln tung, nhng ng xu ny khng ging nhau qua mi ln tung. Hn na, B C = , do P (A) = P (B ) + P (C ). m )(1 y m ) (1 y m ) Mt khc, (1 y1 n 2 l xc sut ca bin c mi mt ng xu t nht mt ln khng ra mt nga trong m ( ) ln tung bng P B , trong B l bin c i lp vi bin c B . Nh vy bt ng thc cho l P (A) + P (B ) = P (B ) + P (B ) + P (C ) = 1 + P (C ) 1. Ch rng ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi n = 1.

25

Trong bi ton trn, biu thc v tri v c bit l iu kin xi + yi = 1 d sao cng gi kh nhiu n tng xc sut. Th nhng trong bi ton sau tuyt nhin khng c du hiu ca xc sut. Bi ton 2 (Putnam 2000 v Singapore, 2012). Cho aj , bj , cj , 1 j N l cc s nguyn. Gi s rng vi mi j , trong ba s aj , bj , cj c t nht mt s l. Chng minh rng tn ti cc s nguyn r, s, t sao cho N raj + sbj + tcj l l vi t nht 47 gi tr ca j, 1 j N. Li gii. Di y l hai cch gii rt p cho bi ton ny. Cch 1. (Bhargava, Kiran Kedlaya v Lenny Ng(1)) Xt 8 b ba (r, s, t) vi r, s, t {0, 1}, khng phi tt c u bng 0. Ch rng v aj , bj , cj khng phi tt c u chn, nn 4 trong cc tng raj + sbj + tcj l chn v 4 l l. Tt nhin l tng vi r = s = t = 0 l chn, do t nht 4 trong 7 tng vi r, s, t khng ng thi bng 0 c tng l. Ni cch khc, c t nht 4N trong cc b (r, s, t, j ) cho tng l. Theo nguyn l Dirichlet, tn ti mt b (r, s, t) vi t nht 4N 7 tng l l. Cch 2 (Phng php xc sut). Xt tt c theo mod 2, v trong bi ta ch quan tm n tnh chn l. C 7 cch chn b (r, s, t) vi r, s, t khng ng thi bng 0; vi mi b (a, b, c) c ng 4 trong 7 b sao cho ra + sb + tc 1. Suy ra, vi (ai , bi , ci ) cho nu ta chn ngu nhin (r, s, t) = (0, 0, 0) th gi tr k vng ca N s cc biu thc l l 47 . Nhng nu y l s trung bnh th phi c t nht mt b N . (r, s, t) c s ny ln hn hay bng 47 Bi ton c chng minh xong.

Li gii trn y s dng mt nguyn l rt n gin: Nu trung bnh ca mt s s l A th c t nht mt trong cc s A v t nht mt trong cc s A. Di ngn ng xc sut th gi tr trung bnh s tng ng vi gi tr k vng. y l mt nguyn l rt hu hiu m ta s cn nhc ti nhng phn sau. Cui cng, chng ti xin gii thiu li gii bi ton APMO 1998 ca Leung Wing Chung (2). Bi ton 3. Cho F l tp hp tt c cc b (A1 , A2 , . . . , An ) trong mi Ai , i = 1, 2, . . . , n, l tp con ca {1, 2, . . . , 1998}. Gi s |A| k hiu s phn t ca tp hp A, hy tm |A1 A2 An |.
(A1 ,A2 ,...,An )F

Li gii. Ch rng tp hp {1, 2, . . . , 1998} c 21998 tp con. V ta c th chn hay khng chn mt phn t vo tp con, nn c tt c 21998n s hng trong tng trn. By gi ta tnh gi tr trung bnh ca mi s hng. Vi mi i = 1, 2, . . . , 1998, ta c i l phn t ca A1 A2 An nu v ch nu n l phn t ca t nht mt trong cc A1 , A2 , . . . , An . Xc sut ca bin c ny l 1 2n . Do , gi tr trung bnh ca mi s hng trong tng l 1998(1 2n ), v nh th p s l 21998n 1998(1 2n ). Ch l bi ton ny cn c nhiu cch gii khc, trong c cch dng phng php m theo phn t kh gn vi l lun trn(3). Qua cc v d trn, ta thy phng php xc sut c nhng ng dng bt ng v hiu qu trong nhiu dng ton: t i

(1)M. Bhargava, K. Kedlaya v L. Ng, Solutions to the 61st Putnam Mathematical Competition. (2)Law Ka Ho, Probabilistic Method. Mathematica Excalibur, October-November 2009. (3)Ravi Boppana, Unexpected Uses of Probability.

26

s, S hc n T hp. Bn cnh , c th thy phng php xc sut kh gn gi vi mt s k thut khc nh nguyn l Dirichlet, bi ton m, phng php m theo hai cch...
Bi tp. 1. (IMO 1970) Trn mt phng cho 100 im, trong khng c 3 im no thng hng. Xt tt c cc tam gic c nh ti cc im cho. Chng minh rng khng qu 70% cc tam gic ny l tam gic nhn. 2. (IMO 1971) Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn dng m, tn ti tp hu hn S cc im trn mt phng vi tnh cht sau: Vi mi im A trong S, c ng m im ca S c khong cch 1 n A. 3. (Trung Quc, 1986) Cho z1 , z2 , . . . , zn l cc s phc. Chng minh rng tn ti tp con S {1, 2, . . . , , n} sao cho n 1 z |zj |. j j =1
j S

2. I CNG V L THUYT XC SUT 2.1. Bin c v xc sut ca bin c. Php th ngu nhin v khng gian mu. Php th ngu nhin T (gi tt l php th) l mt th nghim hay hnh ng m Kt qu khng d on trc c; C th xc nh c tp hp tt c kt qu c th xy ra. Tp tt c cc kt qu c th xy ra c gi l khng gian mu ca php th v c k hiu l . V d, hnh ng gieo hai con sc sc l mt php th vi khng gian mu l = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), . . . , (6, 6)}. Bin c. Mt bin c A (hay s kin A) lin quan n php th T l bin c m vic xy ra hay khng xy ra ca n ty thuc vo kt qu ca T . Mi kt qu ca php th T lm cho bin c A xy ra c gi l mt kt qu thun li ca A. Tp hp cc kt qu thun li cho A hay c k hiu bi A . Trong bi ny, n gin ta dng A k hiu A , ta cng ni bin c A c m t bi tp A. Bin c chc chn l bin c lun xy ra khi thc hin php th T . Bin c chc chn c m t bi tp v c k hiu l . Bin c khng th l bin c khng bao gi xy ra khi thc hin php th T . Bin c khng th c m t bi tp rng v c k hiu l . Xc sut ca bin c. nh ngha c in ca xc sut. Gi s php th T c mt s hu hn kt qu v c ng kh nng. Khi xc sut ca mt bin c A lin quan ti T l P (A) = |A| . ||

4. (IMO Shortlist, 1987) Chng minh rng ta c th t mu cc phn t ca tp hp {1, 2, . . . , 1987} bi 4 mu sao cho mi cp s cng 10 phn t ca tp hp ny u khng n sc. 5. (Zarankiewicz) Chng minh rng tn ti mt cch chia tp hp cc s nguyn dng thnh hai tp con sao cho mi tp con u khng cha cp s cng vi v s phn t v khng cha ba s nguyn lin tip. 6. (IMO 1987) Gi pn (k ) l s cc hon v ca tp hp {1, . . . , n}, n 1, c ng k im bt ng. Chng minh rng
n k=0

kpn (k ) = n!.

7. (IMO 1998) Trong mt cuc thi, c a th sinh v b gim kho, trong b 3 l s nguyn l. Mi mt gim kho s nh gi th sinh u hoc rt. Gi s k l s sao cho vi mi cp hai gim kho, nh gi ca h trng nhiu nht k th sinh. b1 Chng minh rng k a 2b .

Nh vy, vic tnh xc sut ca mt bin c A c quy v bi ton t hp: m s

27

kt qu c th ca T v m s kt qu thun li ca A. Mt gi thit quan trng khi p dng nh ngha ny l cc kt qu ca php th T (tc l cc phn t ca ) c coi l c kh nng xy ra nh nhau. V d 2.1. Rt ngu nhin 5 qun bi t b bi 52 qun. Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c A: Tt c 5 qun u cng mu; B: Khng c qun no c gi tr ging nhau; C: C hai i v mt qun khc.
5 cch rt 5 qun bi t b Li gii. C C52 5 . xy ra bi 52 qun, tc l || = C52 s kin A, u tin ta chn ra mt trong 5 cch chn hai mu. Vi mi mu c C26 ra 5 qun ca mu . Vy xc sut ca bin c A l

gi l xc sut ca A, tc l P (A) = lim k (N ) . N N

Trong trng hp php th T c mt s hu hn kt qu c th ng kh nng th xc sut ca bin c A theo nh ngha thng k cng trng vi xc sut ca bin c A theo nh ngha c in. N) T s k( N c gi l tn sut ca A trong N ln thc hin php th T . Khi N cng ln th tn sut ny cng gn vi xc sut. Thnh th tn sut c xem nh gi tr gn ng ca xc sut. 2.2. Quy tc cng xc sut. Bin c hp. Cho hai bin c A v B . Bin c A hoc B xy ra, k hiu l A B, c gi l bin c hp ca hai bin c A v B . Mt cch tng qut, cho k bin c A1 , A2 , . . . , Ak . Bin c c t nht mt trong cc bin c A1 , A2 , . . . , Ak xy ra, k hiu l A1 A2 Ak , c gi l hp ca cc bin c . Bin c xung khc. Hai bin c A v B c gi l xung khc vi nhau nu nh bin c ny xy ra th bin c kia khng xy ra. Bin c i. Cho A l mt bin c. Khi bin c khng xy ra A c gi l bin c i ca A, k hiu l A. R rng A v A l hai bin c xung khc v hp ca chng l mt bin c chc chn = A A. Quy tc cng xc sut. Nu hai bin c A v B xung khc vi nhau th P (A B ) = P (A) + P (B ). Nu A1 , A2 , . . . , Ak l k bin c i mt xung khc vi nhau th P (A1 A2 Ak ) = P (A1 ) + P (A2 ) + + P (Ak ). ( ) P A = 1 P (A).

P (A) =

5 2C26 . 5 C52

Vi bin c B, u tin ta chn 5 gi tr 5 cch chn khc nhau t 13 gi tr, c C13 nh vy. Vi 5 gi tr ny, v mi gi tr tng ng vi 4 qun bi ca 4 cht nn 5 45 cch ta c 4 cch chn. C tt c C13 chn, v nh th P (B ) =
5 C13

. 5 C52

45

Tnh xc sut ca bin c C xin c dnh li cho bn c. nh ngha thng k ca xc sut. Xt php th T v bin c A lin quan n T . Ta khng cn gi s cc kt qu ca php th c ng kh nng. Tin hnh lp i lp li N ln php th. Gi s trong N ln , bin c A xut hin k = k (N ) ln. Ngi ta chng minh c rng khi N N) tin ra v cng th t s k( N lun dn ti mt gii hn xc nh. Gii hn c

28

2.3. Xc sut c iu kin. Bin c giao. Cho hai bin c A v B . Bin c c A v B u xy ra, k hiu l AB, c gi l giao ca hai bin c A v B . Mt cch tng qut, giao ca k bin c A1 , A2 , . . . , Ak l bin c tt c bin c A1 , A2 , . . . , Ak u xy ra, k hiu l A1 A2 Ak . Xc sut c iu kin. Nu A v B l hai bin c vi P (B ) > 0 th ta nh ngha xc sut c iu kin ca bin c A bit B xy ra l P (A|B ) = P (AB ) . P (B )

nh hng ti xc sut xy ra ca cc bin c cn li. Nh vy, nu k bin c A1 , A2 , . . . , Ak l c lp th P (A1 A2 Ak ) = P (A1 )P (A2 ) P (Ak ). y c gi l quy tc nhn xc sut. Ch l nu A v B c lp th ta cng c A, B c lp, A, B c lp v A, B c lp. Quy tc Bayes. S dng quy tc nhn xc sut c iu kin, ta c th khai trin P (AB ) bng hai cch: P (A|B )P (B ) = P (AB ) = P (B |A)P (A). T y ta suy ra quy tc Bayes nh sau: P (B |A) = P (A|B ) P (B ) . P ( A)

Xc sut c iu kin c mt s tnh cht trc quan p sau: (a) Nu AB = th P (A|B ) = 0. (b) Nu A B th P (A|B ) P (A). (c) Nu A B th P (A|B ) = 1. Quy tc nhn. T nh ngha xc sut c iu kin, ta suy ra P (A2 A1 ) = P (A2 |A1 ) P (A1 ). Tng t, P (A3 A2 A1 ) = P (A3 |A2 A1 ) P (A2 A1 ) = P (A3 |A2 A1 ) P (A2 |A1 ) P (A1 ). Tip tc nh th, ta c P (An A2 A1 ) =P (An |An1 A1 ) P (A2 |A1 ) P (A1 ). Bin c c lp. Hai bin c A v B c gi l c lp vi nhau nu vic xy ra hay khng xy ra ca bin c ny khng lm nh hng n xc sut xy ra ca bin c kia, ni cch khc, P (A|B ) = P (A) v P (B |A) = P (B ). Theo nh ngha xc sut c iu kin, iu ny xy ra khi v ch khi P (AB ) = P (A) P (B ). Tng qut, k bin c A1 , A2 , . . . , Ak c gi l c lp vi nhau nu vic xy ra hay khng xy ra ca mt nhm bt k trong cc bin c trn khng lm

2.4. Quy tc cng m rng. Trong trng hp A, B l hai bin c bt k, khng nht thit xung khc, tnh xc sut ca bin c A B, ta c cng thc sau gi l quy tc cng m rng ca hai bin c bt k: P (A B ) = P (A) + P (B ) P (AB ). Mt cch tng qut, ta c cng thc ( n ) n P Ai = P ( Ai ) P (Ai Aj )
i=1 i=1 1i<j n n1

+ + (1)

P (A1 An ).

Cng thc trn cn c gi l cng thc bao hm v loi tr. 2.5. Bin ngu nhin ri rc. i lng X c gi l bin ngu nhin ri rc nu n nhn gi tr bng s thuc mt tp hp hu hn no v gi tr y l ngu nhin, khng d on trc c. V d 2.2. Nu ta tung hai con sc sc mt cch ngu nhin ri cng cc mt xut hin c tng X , th X l mt bin ngu nhin ri rc nhn cc gi tr 2, 3, . . . , 12.

29

Phn b xc sut. Gi s X l mt bin ngu nhin ri rc nhn cc gi tr {x1 , x2 , . . . , xn }. hiu r v X, ta cn quan tm n xc sut X nhn cc gi tr ni trn l bao nhiu, tc l cn tnh cc xc sut pi = P (X = xi ), trong {X = xi } l bin c X nhn gi tr xi (i = 1, 2, . . . , n). Cc thng tin v X nh vy c trnh by di dng "bng phn b xc sut" ca X nh sau X x1 x2 xn P p1 p2 pn V d 2.3. Mt ti c 10 chic th v 6 chic th xanh. Rt ngu nhin ra ba tm th. Gi X l s th trong ba th rt ra. Lp bng phn b xc sut ca X . Li gii. Tnh ton trc tip, ta c P (X = 0) =
3 C6 2 = . 3 56 C16

{x1 , x2 , . . . , xn } v Y c th nhn cc gi tr {y1 , y2 , . . . , ym }. X v Y c gi l c lp vi nhau nu vi mi i = 1, . . . , n v j = 1, . . . , m, hai bin c {X = xi } v {Y = yj } l c lp. K vng. K vng ca X, k hiu E (X ), l mt s c tnh theo cng thc sau: n E (X ) = xi pi .
i=1

Tng t, ta nhn c P (X = 1) = 15 56 , 27 12 P (X = 2) = 56 , v P (X = 3) = 56 . Bng phn b xc sut ca X nh sau: X P 0 2 56 1 15 56 2 27 56 3 12 56

Hai bin ngu nhin ri rc c lp. Cho X v Y l hai bin ngu nhin ri rc, trong X c th nhn cc gi tr

ngha. K vng E (X ) cho ta nim v ln trung bnh ca bin ngu nhin X . V th k vng cn c gi l gi tr trung bnh ca X . V d, bin ngu nhin X V d 2.3 c k vng l 15 27 12 2 +1 +2 +3 E (X ) = 0 56 56 56 56 105 = = 1.875, 56 tc l nu bc ngu nhin ba th t 16 th nh trn, ta s c trung bnh 1.875 th . Qua v d trn ta cng thy rng k vng E (X ) khng nht thit phi l mt gi tr ca X . K vng c tnh cht quan trng l tnh tuyn tnh: Nu X, Y l hai i lng ngu nhin bt k (khng nht thit c lp) th ta c E (X + Y ) = E (X ) + E (Y ). (cn na)

vui: y l ai?
Ngi trong nh ba k ny l mt chuyn gia ni ting v Phng trnh o hm ring. Gii thng 300.000 ng s c Thng tin Ton hc tng cho c gi gi cu tr li chnh xc tn nh ton hc ny cng bi vit hay nht, khng qu 500 t v ng. Tn ngi ot gii v bi vit s c ng trong s TTTH tip theo. Cu tr li v bi vit xin gi v ttth@vms.org.vn trc ngy 15/03/2013.

THNG TIN TON HC, Tp 16 S 4 (2012)

V k xt cng nhn t tiu chun chc danh Gio s, Ph gio s nm 2012 Trn Vn Nhung ISI, Open Access: Cht lng hay S lng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phng H Hi Nhng k nim v Grothendieck v trng phi ca ng (tip theo v ht) . . . . Luc Illusie, cng Alexander Beilinson, Spencer Bloch, Vladimir Drinfeld on Trung Cng v Trn Giang Nam dch Tin tc hi vin v hot ng ton hc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tin Ton hc th gii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Danh sch xp hng cc tp ch ton hc ca Hi ng Nghin cu Australia (ARC) nm 2010 Cc tp ch Ton hc tnh ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cc tp ch Thng k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thng tin hi ngh i hi Ton hc Vit Nam ln th 8 (Thng bo s 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spring school on "Geometric Combinatorics" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quantum Topology and Hyperbolic Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dnh cho cc bn tr Phng php xc sut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trn Nam Dng

10

15 17

18 19

22 23 23

24