Chapter 8: Microbial Genetics

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1.

Answer: A

5.

Answer: A

If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy? A) The primary structure of the protein B) The secondary structure of the protein C) The tertiary structure of the protein D) The quaternary structure of the protein E) Can't tell The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the arabinose operon is A) Catabolite repression. B) Translation. C) DNA polymerase. D) Repression. E) Induction. Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription? A) A new strand of DNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) mRNA E) None of the above An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) Restriction enzyme. D) Transposase. E) DNA polymerase.

6.

In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 4'? A) Adenine B) Thymine C) Cytosine D) Guanine E) Uracil
2.

Answer: A

Answer: A

Table 8.1 Culture 1: F+, leucine+, histidine+ Culture 2: F-, leucine-, histidineIn Table 8.1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2? A) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leucine-, histidineB) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu-, hisC) 1 will become F-, leu-, his-; 2 will remain the same D) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ E) 1 will remain the same; 2 will become F+ and recombination may occur The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to A) Human DNA. B) T. aquaticus DNA. C) A mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA. D) Human RNA. E) T. aquaticus RNA. An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called A) An inducible enzyme. B) A repressible enzyme. C) A restriction enzyme. D) An operator. E) A promoter.

7.

Answer: A

8.

Answer: A

9.

3.

Answer: A

Answer: B

4.

Answer: A

In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 11'? A) Adenine B) Thymine C) Cytosine D) Guanine E) Uracil

10.

Answer: B

Table 8.2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid UUA leucine UAA nonsense GCA alanine AAU sparagine AAG lysine UGC cysteine GUU valine UCG, UCU serine 22) (Use Table 8.2.) If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alaninelysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA? A) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA B) 3' AGACGTTTCAAT C) 3' TCTCGTTTGTTA D) 5' TGTGCTTTCTTA E) 5'AGAGCTTTGAAT In transcription, A) DNA is changed to RNA. B) DNA is copied to RNA. C) DNA is replicated. D) RNA is copied to DNA. E) Proteins are made. An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between nucleotide sequences in DNA is A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) Restriction enzyme. D) Transposase. E) DNA polymerase.

15.

Answer: B

Which of the following statements about bacteriocins is false? A) The genes coding for them are on plasmids. B) They cause food-poisoning symptoms. C) Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative. D) They can be used to identify certain bacteria. E) Bacteriocins kill baceria. Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell A) By a bacteriophage. B) As naked DNA in solution. C) By cell-to-cell contact. D) By crossing over. E) By sexual reproduction. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) DNA polymerase - makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template B) RNA polymerase - makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template C) DNA ligase - joins segments of DNA D) Transposase - insertion of DNA segments into DNA E) DNA gyrase - coils and twists DNA

16.

Answer: B

11.

Answer: B

17.

Answer: B

12.

Answer: B

18.

Answer: C

13.

Answer: B

In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme, A) Compound C would bind to the repressor. B) Compound A would bind to the repressor. C) Compound B would bind to enzyme A. D) Compound A would react with enzyme B. E) Compound C would react with gene a.
14.

In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is a repressible enzyme, compound C would A) Always be in excess. B) Bind to the enzyme. C) Bind to the corepressor. D) Bind to RNA polymerase. E) Bind to gene a.
19.

Answer: C

Answer: B

Table 8.2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid UUA leucine UAA nonsense GCA alanine AAU sparagine AAG lysine UGC cysteine GUU valine UCG, UCU serine (Use Table 8.2.) If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alaninelysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is A) 5' ACAGTTTCAAT B) 5' TCTGCAAAGTTA C) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA D) 3' UCUCGAAAGUUA E) 3' TCACGUUUCAAU

In Table 8.1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the two cultures? A) They will both remain the same B) 1 will become F+, leu+, his+; 2 will become F+, leu+, his+ C) 1 will remain the same; Recombination will occur in 2 D) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+; 2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+ E) Can't tell When glucose is high, cAMP is ________ : CAP ________ bind the lac operator, and RNA polymerase ________ bind the lac promoter. A) low, doesn't, doesn't B) high, does, does C) low, doesn't, doesn't D) high, doesn't, does E) low, does, does

20.

Answer: C

21.

Answer: C

DNA is constructed of A) A single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding. B) Nucleotides bonded A-C and G-T. C) Two strands of nucleotides running antiparallel. D) Two strands of identical nucleotides with hydrogen bonds between them. E) None of the above. Assume the two E.coli strains shown below are allowed to conjugate. Hfr: pro+, arg+, his+, lys+, met+, ampicillinsensitive F: pro-, arg-, his-, lys-, met-, ampicillin-resistant What supplements would you add to glucose minimal salts agar to select for a recombinant cell that is lys+, arg+, amp-resistant? A) Ampicillin, lysine, arginine B) Lysine arginine C) Ampicillin, proline, histidine, methionine D) Proline, histidine, methionine E) Ampicillin, prolein, histidine, lysine An enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. A) RNA polymerase B) DNA ligase C) Restriction enzyme D) Transposase E) DNA polymerase

27.

Answer: C

22.

Answer: C

In Figure 8.2, base 2 is attached to A) Ribose. B) Phosphate. C) Deoxyribose. D) Thymine. E) Can't tell.
28.

Answer: C

23.

Answer: C

A gene is best defined as A) A segment of DNA. B) Three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. C) A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product. D) A sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product. E) A transcribed unit of DNA.

29.

Answer: D

24.

Answer: C

In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify A) A mutation. B) Repression. C) Feedback inhibition. D) Competitive inhibition. E) Transcription.
25.

Answer: C

Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation A) Replicates DNA. B) Transfers DNA vertically, to new cells. C) Transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation. D) Transcribes DNA to RNA. E) Copies RNA to make DNA. According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the A) End-product must not be in excess. B) Substrate must bind to the enzyme. C) Substrate must bind to the repressor. D) Repressor must bind to the operator. E) Repressor must not be synthesized.

In Figure 8.5, which model of the lac operon correctly shows RNA polymerase, lactose, and repressor protein when the structural genes are being transcribed? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

26.

Answer: C

30.

Answer: D

Which of the following statements is false? A) DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction only. B) The leading strand of DNA is made continuously. C) The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer. D) DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome. E) Multiple replication forks are possible on a bacterial chromosome. Which of the following statements is false regarding a bacterium that is R+? A) It possesses a plasmid. B) R+ can be transferred to a cell of the same species. C) It is resistant to certain drugs and heavy metals. D) It is F+. E) R+ can be transferred to a different species. Repair of damaged DNA might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and A) DNA ligase. B) DNA polymerase. C) Helicase. D) Methylase. E) Primase. The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by A) A chemical mutagen. B) DNA polymerase. C) Photolyases. D) snRNPs. E) UV radiation.

35.

Answer: D

The initial effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes A) DNA to break. B) Bonding between adjacent thymines. C) Base substitutions. D) The formation of highly reactive ions. E) The cells to get hot. Table 8.2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid UUA leucine UAA nonsense GCA alanine AAU sparagine AAG lysine UGC cysteine GUU valine UCG, UCU serine (Use Table 8.2.) The anticodon for valine is A) GUU B) CUU C) CTT D) CAA E) GTA Table 8.2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid UUA leucine UAA nonsense GCA alanine AAU sparagine AAG lysine UGC cysteine GUU valine UCG, UCU serine (Use Table 8.2.) What is the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence of bases in a strand of DNA? 3' ATTACGCTTTGC A) Leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine B) Asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine C) Asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine D) Transcription would stop at the first codon E) Can't tell

36.

Answer: D

31.

Answer: D

32.

Answer: D

37.

Answer: D

33.

Answer: D

34.

Answer: D

38.

Answer: D

The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is A) Never repaired. B) Repaired during transcription. C) Repaired during translation. D) Cut out and replaced. E) Repaired by DNA replication.

In Figure 8.1, which colonies are streptomycinresistant and leucine-requiring? A) 1, 2, 3, and 9 B) 3 and 9 C) 4, 6, and 8 D) 4 and 8 E) 5 and 6

39.

Answer: D

44.

Answer: E

Table 8.3 Amino Acids Encoded by the Human p53 Gene Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation? A) Analog B) Frameshift C) Missense D) Nonsense E) None of the above
40.

Table 8.2 Codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid UUA leucine UAA nonsense GCA alanine AAU sparagine AAG lysine UGC cysteine GUU valine UCG, UCU serine (Use Table 8.2.) If a frameshift mutation occurred in the sequence of bases shown below, what would be the sequence of amino acids coded for? 3' ATTACGCTTTGC A) Leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine B) Asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine C) Asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine D) Translation would stop at the first codon E) Can't tell

Answer: D

Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by A) The allosteric transition. B) The substrate binding to the repressor. C) The corepressor binding to the operator. D) The corepressor-repressor binding to the operator. E) The end-product binding to the promoter.

45.

Answer: E

41.

Answer: D

Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by A) Mutation. B) Conjugation. C) Transduction. D) Transformation. E) All of the above.

In Figure 8.4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S ribosome as shown. From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol A) Prevents transcription in eukaryotes. B) Prevents translation in eukaryotes. C) Prevents transcription in prokaryotes. D) Prevents translation in prokaryotes. E) Prevents mRNA-ribosome binding.
42.

Answer: E

Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes A) Have exons. B) Have introns. C) Require snRNPS. D) Use methionine as the "start" amino acid. E) Use codons to arrange amino acids. The mechanism by which the presence of arabinose controls the arabinose operon is A) Catabolite repression. B) Translation. C) DNA polymerase. D) Repression. E) Induction.

43.

Answer: E