Dispersion

Spectral Width of Optical Source

Refractive Index Variation With
Wavelength
Material Dispersion
(

=
2
1
2

d
n d
c
D
mat
mat mat
D L

o o =
Material Dispersion For Silica
Material Dispersion For Silica
b-V Curve
Group Delay Variation With V for
Different Modes
b & Derivative w.r.t. V Number
Total Chromatic Dispersion

o o

L D
D D D
ch ch
wg mat ch
) (
) (
=
+ ~
Total Pulse Broadening Due to Dispersion
2 2
in ch T
o o o + =
(

A
=
2
2
2
) (
dV
Vb d
V
c
n
D
wg

wg wg
D L

o o =
Total Intramodal Dispersion
Minimum distortion
at wavelength about
1300 nm for single
mode silica fiber.

Minimum
attenuation is at
1550 nm for single
mode silica fiber.
Effect of Core Diameter
Where a1 < a2
Wave guide dispersion depend on many
parameter:


Refractive index difference between core and
cladding.
Core diameter, as core diameter decreases larger
dispersion will occurs.
Source line spectrum, as it is increase waveguide
dispersion increase.
Fiber distance, as distance increases the waveguide
dispersion increase.
Fabrication of the fiber (core and cladding shape)
Optimum Single Mode Fiber
Dispersion at 1300 nm wavelength is minimum.
Fiber is designed for this wavelenght.
They are made in two RI profiles-
Matched Cladding
Depressed Cladding
Dispersion Shifted Fiber
Strategy: shifting the zero-dispersion to longer
wavelength for minimum attenuation and dispersion.
The chromatic dispersion is the sum of material and
waveguide effects.
In order to shift the dispersion zero point to 1.5m, the
waveguide component of dispersion can be modified.
Waveguide dispersion arises from the way that the light
propagating in the fiber is distributed.
RI Profiles for Dispersion Shifted Fiber
Changing the design of the core/cladding RI profile
can changes the magnitude of this effect.
Dispersion-Flattened Fiber
For WDM, a wide band of wavelengths is
required for which dispersive effective should be
acceptable.
For such purpose Dispersion Flattened Fibers are
required.
DFFs are designed to provide low dispersion
window in wavelength range 1.3 m to 1.6 m.
RI Profiles for Dispersion Flattened Fiber