Arithmetic Operations Half Adder

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Adder is a logic circuit used to add two binary numbers. Half adder - The half adder accepts two binary digits on its input and produces two binary digits on its output. ( Sum and carry)

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a. Symbol
S A input B C out Carry S

Sum
Output

Arithmetic Operations Half Adder

b. Truth table
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Input
A
0 0 1 1

Output
B
0 1 0 1

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S
0 1 1 0

Cout
0 0 0 1

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S = A.B + A.B = Cout= A.B

c. Circuit diagram

A + B
Sum = A + B

A B

C out= A.B

Arithmetic Operations Full Adder

The full adder accepts three inputs including an input carry and generate a sum output and an output carry. a. Symbol
Input

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A B C in

S
C out

Sum Output carry

Input carry

- Arrangement of two half-adders to form a full adder

A B

SC

S
out

A B

S C out

Sum
Output Carry, C out

Input Carry, C in

Arithmetic Operations - Full Adder

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b.

Truth table Input Input

Output Output

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A
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

B
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

Cin
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

S
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

Cout
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

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Arithmetic Operations - Full Adder

c. Circuit diagram

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A

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A + B

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Cin

S = (A + B) + Cin

A + B

) C in
C out

AB

Cout

= AB + ( A + B ) C in

Arithmetic Operations- Half Subtractor

Subtractor is a logic circuit used to subtract two binary numbers
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Half sub tractor The half sub tractor accepts two binary digits on its input and produces two binary digits on its output. (Difference and borrow) x D Difference a. Symbol HS Input Output
y
B Borrow

b.

Truth table
Input Output

X
0 0 1 1

Y
0 1 0 1

D
0 1 1 0

B
0 1 0 0

D = x.y + x.y = x + y B = x.y

Arithmetic Operations- Half Subtractor

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c. Circuit diagram D= X + Y

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Y X

B=X.Y

Arithmetic Operations- Full Subtractor

a. Symbol
Input Input Borrow,
x y
D

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Difference Output Borrow

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Bin

FS Bout

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Arrangement of two half-sub tractors to form a full sub tractor

x y D

x
y HS

Difference

HS B out

B out

Bin

Output Borrow, Bout

Arithmetic Operations - Full Subtractor

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b. Truth table Input

X
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

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Output
Bin
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

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Y
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

D
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

Bout
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

Arithmetic Operations - Full Subtractor

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c. Circuit diagram

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X Y
B in
D = (X + Y) + Bin

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( X + Y ) B in B out

X.Y
B out = X.Y + ( X + Y ) B in