HUMAN PERSONALITY

AND ITS SURVIVAL OF

BODILY DEATH
BY
FREDERIC W. H. MYERS
Cessas in vota precesque,
Tros, ait, Aenea, cessas? Neque enim ante dehiscent
Adtonit magna ora domus.VIRGIL.
Nay! quoth the Sybi, !Tro"an! #it thou spare
The impassioned e$$ort and the conquering prayer?
Nay! not save thus those doors sha open ro,%
That &o#er #ithin them burst upon the sou.
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. I
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK AND BOMBAY
1903
A rights reserved
DEDICATED
TO
HENRY SIDGWICK
AND
EDMUND GURNEY
VOLUME I
Table Of Contents (Vols. I & II)
Preface
Edtoral !ote
Glossar"
E#$lanaton of Plan of %rran&e'ent and ("ste' of References
("llab)ses (Vol. *)
C+a$ter I Introd)cton
C+a$ter II ,snte&ratons of Personalt"
C+a$ter III Gen)s
C+a$ter IV (lee$
C+a$ter V -"$nots'
C+a$ter VI (ensor" %)to'ats'
%$$endces to C+a$ter II
%$$endces to C+a$ter IV
%$$endces to C+a$ter V
%$$endces to C+a$ter VI
VOLUME II
("llab)ses (Vol. .)
C+a$ter VII P+antas's of t+e ,ead
C+a$ter VIII /otor %)to'ats'
C+a$ter I0 Trance1 Possesson1 and Ecstas"
C+a$ter 0 E$lo&)e
Pro2sonal (3etc+ of a Rel&o)s ("nt+ess
%$$end# % T+e 4)ncton of a (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+
%$$end# B T+e ,eclne of ,o&'ats'
%$$end# C Pra"er and ()$$lcaton
%$$endces to C+a$ter VII
%$$endces to C+a$ter VIII
%$$endces to C+a$ter I0
("no$ss of Vtal 4ac)lt"
Inde#
Edtoral ()$$le'ent
4rederc /"ers5s (er2ce to Ps"c+olo&"1 b" 6lla' 7a'es
Re2e8 of 'uman &ersonaity and (ts Surviva o$ )odiy *eath1 b" 6lla' 7a'es
Re2e8 of 'uman &ersonaity and (ts Surviva o$ )odiy *eath1 b" 6lla'
/c,o)&all
/r 4. 6. -. /"ers on -)'an Personalt" and ts ()r22al of Bodl"
,eat+19 b" G. 4. (to)t
Re2e8 of 'uman &ersonaity and (ts Surviva o$ )odiy *eath1 b" T+. 4lo)rno"
Tab! O" C#$%!$%&
P%GE
VOLUME I
PRE4%CE
. . . .
. 2
E,ITORI%L !OTE
. . . .
. #
GLO((%RY
. . . .
. #
E0PL%!%TIO! O4 PL%! O4
%RR%!GE/E!T %!, (Y(TE/ O4
RE4ERE!CE(
. . . .
. ##
(YLL%B:(E(
. . . .
. ##2

C-%P.
I. I!TRO,:CTIO!
. . . .
. *
II. ,I(I!TEGR%TIO!( O4 PER(O!%LITY
. . . .
. ;<
III. GE!I:(
. . . .
. =>
IV. (LEEP
. . . .
. *.*
V. -YP!OTI(/
. . . .
. *?;
VI. (E!(ORY %:TO/%TI(/
. . . .
. ..>

%PPE!,ICE( TO C-%PTER II
. . . .
. .@A
%PPE!,ICE( TO C-%PTER IV
. . . .
. ;B@
%PPE!,ICE( TO C-%PTER V
. . . .
. <;=
%PPE!,ICE( TO C-%PTER VI
. . . .
. ?B?
VOLUME II
(YLL%B:(E( . . . . 2

C-%P.
VII. P-%!T%(/( O4 T-E ,E%, . . . . *
VIII. /OTOR %:TO/%TI(/ . . . . A*
I0. TR%!CE1 PO((E((IO!1 %!, . . . . *A@
EC(T%(Y
0. EPILOG:E . . . . .=A

%PPE!,ICE( TO C-%PTER VII . . . . ;*?
%PPE!,ICE( TO C-%PTER VIII . . . . <>>
%PPE!,ICE( TO C-%PTER I0 . . . . ?>>
I!,E0 . . . . B.@
+i,vii-
PREFACE
T-E boo3 8+c+ s no8 at last &2en to t+e 8orld s b)t a $artal
$resentaton of an e2erC&ro8n& s)bDect 8+c+ I +a2e lon& +o$ed to beco'e
able to treat n 'ore adeE)ate fas+on. B)t as 3no8led&e ncreases lfe rolls
b"1 and I +a2e t+o)&+t t 8ell to brn& o)t 8+le I can e2en t+s 'ost
'$erfect te#tCboo3 to a branc+ of researc+ 8+ose no2elt" and stran&eness
call )r&entl" for so'e $ro2sonal s"ste'atsaton1 8+c+1 b" s)&&estn&
fres+ nE)res1 f)rt+er acc)')laton of e2dence 'a" tend as s$eedl" as
$ossble to ts o8n s)$ersesson. 4e8 crtcs of t+s boo3 can1 I t+n31 be
'ore f)ll" consco)s t+an ts a)t+or of ts defects and ts lac)nFG b)t also
fe8 crtcs1 I t+n31 +a2e "et realsed t+e '$ortance of t+e ne8 facts 8+c+
n so'e fas+on t+e boo3 does act)all" $resent.
/an" of t+ese facts +a2e alread" a$$eared n &hantasms o$ the .iving/
'an" 'ore n t+e &roceedings of t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+G b)t
t+e" are far ndeed fro' +a2n& "et entered nto t+e scentfc consco)sness
of t+e a&e. In f)t)re "ears t+e 8onder1 I t+n31 8ll be t+at t+er
anno)nce'ent 8as so lar&el" left to a 8rter 8t+ les)re so scant"1 and 8t+
scentfc eE)$'ent so nco'$lete.
6+ate2er 2al)e t+s boo3 'a" $ossess s n &reat 'eas)re d)e to ot+er
'nds t+an ts act)al a)t+or5s. Its 2er" e#stence1 n t+e frst $lace1 $robabl"
de$ends )$on t+e e#stence of t+e t8o belo2ed frends and n2al)able
coadD)tors to 8+ose 'e'or" I dedcate t no8.
+i,viii-
T+e +el$ der2ed fro' t+ese de$arted collea&)es1 -enr" (d&8c3 and
Ed')nd G)rne"1 alt+o)&+ of a 3nd and E)antt" absol)tel" essental to t+e
e#stence of t+s 8or31 s not eas" to defne n all ts f)lness )nder t+e
c+an&ed crc)'stances of toda". T+ere 8as ndeed ')c+ 8+c+ is
'eas)rableG')c+ of re2son of $re2o)s 8or3 of '" o8n1 of
collaborat2e e#$er'ents1 of or&nal t+o)&+t and dsco2er". Lar&e
E)otatons $)r$osel" ntrod)ced fro' Ed')nd G)rne" ndcate1 alt+o)&+
'$erfectl"1 +o8 closel" nter8o2en o)r 8or3 on all t+ese s)bDects
contn)ed to be )ntl +s deat+. B)t t+e beneft 8+c+ I dre8 fro' t+e
assocaton 8ent dee$er stll. T+e condtons )nder 8+c+ t+s nE)r" 8as
)nderta3en 8ere s)c+ as to e'$+asse t+e need of so'e nt'ate 'oral
s)$$ort. % recl)se1 $er+a$s1 or an eccentrc1or a 'an l2n& 'anl" 8t+
+s ntellect)al nferors1 'a" fnd t eas" to 8or3 steadl" and confdentl" at
a tas3 8+c+ +e 3no8s t+at t+e b)l3 of ed)cated 'en 8ll &nore or des$se.
B)t t+s s 'ore dffc)lt for a 'an 8+o feels 'anfold ln3s 8t+ +s 3nd1 a
'an 8+ose desre t s to l2e a'on& 'nds eE)al or s)$eror to +s o8n. It
s +ard1 I sa"1 for s)c+ a 'an to dsre&ard alto&et+er t+e e#$ressed or
'$led dsa$$ro2al of t+ose &ro)$s of 8e&+t" $ersona&es to 8+o' n
ot+er 'atters +e s acc)sto'ed to loo3 )$.
I need not sa" t+at t+e attt)de of t+e scentfc 8orldof all t+e
ntellect)al 8orldt+en 8as 2er" ')c+ 'ore 'ar3ed t+an no8. E2en no8 I
8rte n f)ll consco)sness of t+e lo8 2al)e co''onl" attac+ed to nE)res
of t+e 3nd 8+c+ I $)rs)e. E2en no8 a boo3 on s)c+ a s)bDect ')st stll
e#$ect to e2o3e1 not onl" le&t'ate crtcs' of 'an" 3nds1 b)t also ')c+
of t+at ds&)st and resent'ent 8+c+ no2elt" and +eterodo#" nat)rall"
e#cte. B)t I +a2e no 8s+ to e#alt nto a deed of darn& an enter$rse 8+c+
to t+e ne#t &eneraton ')st see' t+e 'ost ob2o)s t+n& n t+e 8orld. Nihi
ausi nisi vana contemnere 8ll certanl" be t+e +&+est co'$l'ent 8+c+
8+at see'ed to )s o)r bold nde$endence of 'en +i,i0- 8ll rece2e. Yet
&ratt)de bds 'e to sa" t+at +o8e2er I '&+t n t+e $r2ac" of '" o8n
boso' +a2e Hdared to conte'n t+n&s conte'$tble1I I s+o)ld ne2er +a2e
2ent)red '" a'ate)rs+ acE)re'ents on a $)blcaton of t+s scale 8ere t
not for t+at slo8 &ro8t+ of confdence 8+c+ '" res$ect for t+e D)d&'ent
of t+ese t8o frends ns$red. T+er co)ntenance and fello8s+$1 8+c+ at
once transfor'ed '" o8n s+are n t+e 8or3 nto a del&+t1 +as 'ade ts
$resentaton to t+e 8orld a$$ear as a d)t".
/" t+an3s are d)e also to anot+er collea&)e 8+o +as $assed a8a"1 '"
brot+er1 ,r. %. T. /"ers1 4.R.C.P.1 8+o +el$ed 'e for 'an" "ears n all
'edcal $onts arsn& n t+e 8or3.
To t+e or&nal f)rns+ers of t+e e2dence '" obl&atons are &reat and
'anfest1 and to t+e Co)ncl of t+e (.P.R. I also o8e t+an3s for $er'sson
to )se t+at e2dence freel". B)t I ')st lea2e t to t+e boo3 tself to ndcate
n f)ller detal +o8 ')c+ s o8n& to +o8 'an" 'en and 8o'enJ+o8
8del" dff)sed are t+e 8or3 and t+e nterest 8+c+ +a2e fo)nd n t+s boo3
t+er te'$orar" o)tco'e and e#$oston.
T+e boo31 ndeed1 s an e#$oston rat+er t+an a $roof. I cannot
s)''arse 8t+n '" 'odest l'ts t+e 'ass of e2dence alread" &at+ered
to&et+er n t+e s#teen 2ol)'es of &roceedings and t+e nne 2ol)'es of t+e
1ourna of t+e (.P.R.1 n &hantasms o$ the .iving and ot+er boo3s +ereafter
referred to1 and n /(. collectons. T+e atte'$t ndeed 8o)ld be E)te o)t
of $lace. T+s branc+ of 3no8led&e1 l3e ot+ers1 ')st be st)ded caref)ll"
and n detal b" t+ose 8+o care to )nderstand or to ad2ance t.
6+at I +a2e tred to do +ere s to render t+at 3no8led&e 'ore
ass'lable b" coCordnatn& t n a for' as clear and ntell&ble as '" o8n
l'ted s3ll and t+e nat)re of t+e facts t+e'sel2es +a2e $er'tted. I +a2e
tred to &2e1 n te#t and n %$$endces1 eno)&+ of act)al e2dence to
ll)strate eac+ ste$ n '" ar&)'entJand I +a2e constantl" referred t+e
reader to $laces 8+ere f)rt+er e2dence 8ll be fo)nd.
+i,0-
In 'nor 'atters I +a2e a'ed abo2e all t+n&s at clearness and
readness n reference. T+e d2son of t+e boo3 nto sectons1 8t+
%$$endces bearn& t+e sa'e n)'bers1 8ll1 t s +o$ed1 facltate t+e )se
bot+ of s"llab)s and of references n &eneral. I +a2e e2en rs3ed t+e
a$$earance of $edantr" n addn& a &lossar". 6+ere 'an" )nfa'lar facts
and deas +a2e to be dealt 8t+1 t'e s sa2ed n t+e end f t+e 8rter
e#$lans $recsel" 8+at +s ter's 'ean.
. . . . . . .
4. 6. -. /YER(.
EDITORIAL NOTE
T+s )nfns+ed $reface conssts of se2eral $assa&es 8rtten at dfferent
t'es b" t+e a)t+or1 8+o ded on 7an)ar" *=t+1 *@>*. In *A@B1 +e arran&ed
t+at t+e co'$leton of +s boo3 s+o)ld be n t+e +ands of ,r. Rc+ard
-od&son n case of +s deat+ before ts $)blcaton. In t+e 'eant'e +e +ad
entr)sted t+e &eneral s)$er2son of t+e $ress 8or3 and ')c+ of t+e detal n
'ars+alln& t+e %$$endces to /ss %lce 7o+nson of !e8n+a' Colle&e1
Ca'brd&e1 8+o +as t+erefore been assocated 8t+ ,r. -od&son also n t+e
edtoral 8or3 needed for t+e co'$leton of t+e boo31 and ')c+ t+e &reater
$art of t+e labo)r n2ol2ed +as fallen to +er s+are. %t t+e t'e of t+e a)t+or5s
deat+1 C+a$ters I.KVI.1 $art of C+a$ter VII.1 and t+e 8+ole of C+a$ter VIII.
8ere n t+e frst $roof1 t+e rest of C+a$ter VII. and C+a$ter 0. 8ere read"
for $rntn&. /ost of t+e %$$endces 8ere n t"$e1 b)t reE)red ')c+
re2son and rearran&e'ent. T+e s)bstance of nearl" all C+a$ter I0. +ad
been 8rtten1 n one for' or anot+er1 b)t +ad to be $eced to&et+er. T+e
asters3s on $. .>@ (Vol. II.) 'ar3 t+e end of t+e $art 8+c+ +ad been
consec)t2el" co'$osed b" t+e a)t+or. (o'e of t+e E)estons n2ol2ed n
t+at c+a$ter 8o)ld do)btless +a2e been treated ')c+ 'ore f)ll" b" +' +ad
+e l2ed to co'$lete t. /r. /"ers left on record +s 8s+ to e#$ress
&ratt)de to /r. 4. !. -ales1 of Trnt" Colle&e1 Ca'brd&e1 for +el$ n t+e
$re$araton of so'e %$$endces1 es$ecall" n C+a$ters II. and V.
RIC-%R, -O,G(O!.
%LICE 7O-!(O!.
+i,0iii-
GLOSSARY
L!OTE.T+e 8ords and $+rases +ere ncl)ded fall )nder t+ree 'an
+eadsJ
(*) 6ords n co''on $+loso$+cal or 'edcal )se1 to 8+c+ no ne8
s+ade of 'eann& s &2en n t+s nE)r"1 e.g. ecmnesia. Introd)cn& a fe8
of t+ese 8ords for t+e ordnar" reader5s con2enence1 I +a2e &enerall" ta3en
t+e defnton fro' -ac3 T)3e5s *ictionary o$ &sychoogica 2edicine
(LondonJ C+)rc+ll1 *A@.)1 8+c+ s t+e 'ost a)t+ortat2eal'ost t+e onl"
En&ls+ 8or3 of ts 3nd.
(.) 6ords or $+rases n t+e'sel2es not ne81 b)t )sed n $s"c+cal
researc+ 8t+ so'e s$ecal s&nfcanceGas1 for nstance1 s"ste'atsed
anFst+esa19 ne&at2e +all)cnaton.9 T+ese t8o $+rases are constantl"
)sed b" 8rters on +"$nots'J b)t 'ere fa'lart" 8t+ t+e 8ords
t+e'sel2es 8o)ld not e#$lan t+er 'eann& n t+at conte#t to a reader fres+
to +"$notc dsc)ssons.
(;) % fe8 8ords1 dstn&)s+ed b" an asters31 for 8+c+ I a' '"self
res$onsble. I ')st lea2e t to '" readers to D)d&e +o8 far t+ese 8ords are
l3el" to be )sef)l. B)t I 8o)ld s)&&est t+at 8+en a s)bDect so no2el as o)rs
s 'ade t+e s)bDect of dsc)sson n 'an" co)ntres1 t+ere s a con2enence
n )sn& 8ords of Gree3 or Latn der2aton1 8+c+ can be ada$ted to all
lan&)a&es1 and can be 'ade to bear a clearl" defned s&nfcaton.M
Abouia . Loss of $o8er of 8lln&. I +a2e )sed t+e 8ord hyperbouia
to e#$ress t+at ncreased $o8er o2er t+e or&ans'1 rese'bln& t+e $o8er
8+c+ 8e call #i 8+en t s e#ercsed o2er t+e 2ol)ntar" ')scles1 8+c+ s
seen n t+e bodl" c+an&es effected b" selfCs)&&eston.
A$ter,image .T+e $ct)re of an obDect seen after re'o2n& t+e &aNe
fro' t+e obDect. It s called positive 8+en t re$rod)ces1 negative 8+en t
re2erses t+e tr)e ll)'naton or colo)rs of t+e act)al obDect. %fterC'a&es
are re&arded as retina or entoptic, belon&n& to t+e nteror of t+e e"e.
%fterC'a&es ')st be dstn&)s+ed fro' memory,images1 8+c+ 'a"
a$$ear s$ontaneo)sl"1 or 'a" be s)''oned b" an effort of 8ll1 lon& after
t+e or&nal s&+t of t+e obDect.
Agent .T+e $erson on 8+ose condton a tele$at+c '$resson see's
to be de$endentG 8+o see's to ntate t+e tele$at+c trans'sson.
Agraphia .(ee Aphasia
Ae0ia .(ee Aphasia
Aternation o$ personaity .(ee dsnte&raton of $ersonalt".
Ansthesia , or t+e loss of sensaton &enerall"1 ')st be dstn&)s+ed
fro' anagesia, or t+e loss of t+e sense of $an alone. /an" +"$notc
s)bDects are +i,0iv- anal&esc b)t not anFst+etc. Systemati3ed ansthesia or
negative haucination s&nfes t+e condton of an entranced s)bDect 8+o
+as been told (for nstance) t+at /r. %. s not n t+e roo'1 8+le +e s n
realt" $resent. T+e s)bDect 'a" t+)s be sad to +a2e a negative
+all)cnaton1 or to +a2e been de$r2ed of a certan &ro)$ or system of
$erce$tons1 n t+at +e fals to see /r. %. Ot+er 8ords descr$t2e of t+e
&eneral sensor" condton are dyssthesia, '$ared or $anf)l sensatonG
parsthesia, erroneo)s or 'orbd sensatonG hypersthesia, )n)s)all" 3een
sensaton1 8+c+ 'a" or 'a" not be a 'orbd s"'$to'. -"$erFst+esa 'a"
be periphera, 8+en t affects ner2eCendn&s near t+e s)rface of t+e bod"1 or
centra, 8+en t+e e#cess2e senst2eness belon&s to t+e central sensorium/
s)c+ $arts1 na'el"1 of t+e bran as are concerned n rece2n& or
&eneratn& sensor" 'a&es and '$ressons. 'emi,ansthesia 'eans
anFst+esa of +alf t+e bod"1 t+e 'edan lne (do8n t+e 'ddle of t+e bod")
se$aratn& nor'al sensaton fro' absence of sensaton. %nFst+etc 3ones or
patches (for'erl" dee'ed c+aracterstc of 8tc+es) are co''on n
+"stera. C4nesthesia 'eans t+at consens)s or a&ree'ent of 'an" or&anc
sensatons 8+c+ s a f)nda'ental ele'ent n o)r conce$ton of $ersonal
dentt". 4nall"1 I +a2e s)&&ested t+e 8ord *pansthesia to e#$ress t+e
)ndfferentated sensor" ca$act" of t+e s)$$osed $r'al &er'.
Anagesia .Insensblt" to $an.
Aphasia .Inca$act" of co+erent )tterance1 not ca)sed b" str)ct)ral
'$ar'ent of t+e 2ocal or&ans1 b)t b" leson of t+e cerebral centres for
s$eec+. ,stn&)s+ed fro' con&ental or acE)red aphonia, d)e to $aral"ss
or '$erfect a$$ro#'aton of t+e 2ocal cords1 and also fro' hysterica
mutism, 8+en t+e $atent s obstnatel" and n2ol)ntarl" slent1 alt+o)&+ t+e
2ocal or&ans are )nnD)red and t+e cerebral centres of s$eec+ are onl"
f)nctonall" affected1 8t+ no 2sble leson. %ll t+e fo)r for's of
verbaisation are s)bDect to se$arate dsorders of t+e t"$e of a$+asa. Lac3
of $o8er to 8rte 8ords s called agraphia or agraphy/ lac3 of $o8er to
)nderstand 8ords 8rtten1 Ae0ia or #ord,bindness/ lac3 of $o8er to
)nderstand 8ords )ttered1 #ord,dea$ness. In eac+ case t+e tro)ble 'a" le n
t+e bran and not n t+e or&an of sense or ot+er or&ans. 4or nstance1 a 'an5s
s&+t e2en for $rnted ')scal notes 'a" be )n'$ared1 8+le "et +e s
)nable to )nderstand $rnted 8ords.
Aphonia .Inca$act" of )ttern& so)nds.
Attaque de sommei .T+s 4renc+ ter' s 'ore correct t+an t+e 8ord
trance19 to e#$ress t+ose s$ontaneo)s la$ses nto $rolon&ed and $rofo)nd
slee$ 8+c+ so'et'es occ)r n +"stercal s)bDects.
Automatism .T+e 8ords automatism and automatic are )sed n
so'e8+at dfferent senses b" $+"solo&sts and $s"c+olo&sts. T+)s (r /.
4oster sa"s (4oster5s &hysioogy, ?t+ edton1 $. @.>)1 6e s$ea3 of an
acton of an or&an or of a l2n& bod" as ben& s$ontaneo)s or a)to'atc
8+en t a$$ears to be not ''edatel" d)e to an" c+an&es n t+e
crc)'stances n 8+c+ t+e or&an or bod" s $laced1 b)t to be t+e res)lt of
c+an&es arsn& n t+e or&an or bod" tself and deter'ned b" ca)ses ot+er
t+an t+e nfl)ences of t+e crc)'stances of t+e 'o'ent. T+e 'ost str3n&
a)to'atc actons of t+e l2n& bod" LareM t+ose 8+c+ 8e attrb)te to t+e
8or3n& of t+e 8ll and 8+c+ 8e call 2ol)ntar" or 2oltonal.9 T+at s to
sa"1 to t+e $+"solo&st an acton s selfC'o2ed9 8+en t s deter'ned1 not
b" t+e en2ron'ent1 b)t b" t+e or&ans' tself. T+e 8ord t+)s beco'es
+ardl" 'ore t+an a s"non"' for spontaneous. T+e $s"c+olo&st1 on t+e
ot+er +and1 re&ards an acton as selfC'o2ed9 8+en t s deter'ned +i,0v-
n an or&ans' a$art fro' t+e central 8ll or control of t+at or&ans' T+)s
8+en an act at frst needn& 2ol)ntar" &)dance1 b" $ractce co'es to need
s)c+ &)dance no lon&er1 t s called secondarl" a)to'atc.9 I +a2e )sed
t+e 8ord n a 8der sense1 as e#$ressn& s)c+ 'a&es as arse1 as 8ell as
s)c+ 'o2e'ents as are 'ade1 8t+o)t t+e ntaton1 and &enerall" 8t+o)t
t+e conc)rrence1 of consco)s t+o)&+t and 8ll. Sensory automatism 8ll
t+)s ncl)de 2s)al and a)dtor" +all)cnatonsG motor automatism 8ll
ncl)de 'essa&es 8rtten 8t+o)t ntenton (a)to'atc scr$t) or 8ords
)ttered 8t+o)t ntenton (as n s$ea3n& 8t+ ton&)es19 tranceC)tterances1
&c.). I ascrbe t+ese $rocesses to t+e acton of s)b'er&ed or s)bl'nal
ele'ents n t+e 'an5s ben&. ()c+ $+rases as refle# cerebral acton19 or
)nconsco)s cerebraton19 &2e t+erefore1 n '" 2e81 a 2er" '$erfect
conce$ton of t+e facts.
Automnesia .($ontaneo)s re22al of 'e'ores of an earler condton
of lfe.
Autoscope .%n" nstr)'ent 8+c+ re2eals a s)bl'nal 'otor '$)lse
or sensor" '$ressonG e.g. a d2nn& rod1 a tltn& table1 or a $lanc+ette
re2eals b" ts 2sble 'oton t+e '$erce$tble1 n2ol)ntar"1 and
)nconsco)s ')sc)lar acton of t+e $erson +oldn& or to)c+n& tG a cr"stal
or ot+er s$ec)l)' e#ternalses t+e s)bl'nal '$ressons of t+e $erson 8+o
sees 2sons n t.
)iocation .T+e sensaton of ben& n t8o dfferent $laces at once1
na'el"1 8+ere one5s or&ans' s1 and a $lace dstant fro' t1 n2ol2n& so'e
de&ree of $erce$ton (8+et+er 2erdcal or falsdcal) of t+e dstant scene.
Cataepsy .%n nter'ttent ne)ross1 c+aractersed b" t+e $atent5s
nablt" to c+an&e t+e $oston of a l'b1 8+le anot+er $erson can $lace t+e
')scles n a state of fle#on or contracton as +e 8ll.9(T)3e5s *ict.)
Catale$s" 'a" also be nd)ced as a sta&e of +"$nots'G alt+o)&+ C+arcot5s
2e81 8+c+ erected catale$s"1 let+ar&"1 so'na'b)ls' (t+er relat2e
$ostons so'et'es 2ared) nto t+ree t"$cal or necessar" sta&es n a
+"$notc trance1 s no8 co''onl" consdered to +a2e been a too +ast"
&eneralsaton fro' t+e +abtslar&el" 'tat2eof t+e &ro)$ of +"$notc
$atents at t+e (al$OtrPre (a +os$tal n Pars).
Census o$ 'aucinations .%n nE)r" )nderta3en to deter'ne t+e
freE)enc" of +all)cnatons n sane and +ealt+" $ersonsG descrbed n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. (See '1( A .)
Centre o$ Consciousness .T+e $lace 8+ere a $erc$ent 'a&nes
+'self to be. T+e $ont fro' 8+c+ +e see's to +'self to be s)r2e"n&
so'e $+antas'al scene.
Chromatism .(ee Secondary Sensations.
Cairaudience .(ee Cairvoyance.
Cairvoyance 5.ucidite6 .T+e fac)lt" or act of $erce2n&1 as t+o)&+
2s)all"1 8t+ so'e concdental tr)t+1 so'e dstant sceneG )sed so'et'es1
b)t +ardl" $ro$erl"1 for transcendenta vision, or t+e $erce$ton of ben&s
re&arded as on anot+er $lane of e#stence. Cairaudience s &enerall" )sed
of t+e sensaton of +earn& an nternal (b)t n so'e 8a" 2erdcal) 2oce. I
+a2e $referred to )se t+e ter' testhesia for dstant $erce$ton. 4or t+e
fac)lt" +as seldo' an" close analo&" 8t+ an e#tenson of sight/ t+e
$erce$ton of dstant scenes ben& often 'ore or less s"'bolcal and n ot+er
8a"s o)t of accord 8t+ 8+at act)al s&+t 8o)ld s+o8 n t+e localt" of t+e
2son. On t+e ot+er +and1 testhesia 'er&es nto teepathy, snce 8e
cannot sa" +o8 far t+e $erce$ton of a dstant scene 'a" n essental be t+e
$erce$ton of t+e content of a dstant mind.
+i,0vi-
C4nesthesia .(ee Ansthesia.
Coincidenta .T+s 8ord s )sed 8+en t+ere s so'e de&ree of
concdence n t'e of occ)rrence bet8een a s)$ernor'al ncdent and an
e2ent at a dstance1 8+c+ 'a3es t see' $robable t+at so'e ca)sal
connecton e#sts bet8een t+e t8o. %n a$$arton1 for nstance1 seen at or
abo)t t+e t'e 8+en t+e $erson 8+ose $+antas' s seen des1 s a
coincidenta a$$arton.
Coective .%$$led to cases 8+ere t8o or 'ore $ersons to&et+er
$erce2e a +all)cnaton or $+antas'.
Contro .T+s 8ord s )sed of t+e ntell&ence 8+c+ $)r$orts to
co'')ncate 'essa&es 8+c+ are 8rtten or )ttered b" t+e automatist,
sensitive, or medium. T+e 8ord s )sed for con2enence5 sa3e1 b)t s+o)ld not
'$l" t+at t+e so)rce of t+e 'essa&es need be ot+er t+an t+e a)to'atst5s
o8n s)bl'nal ntell&ence.
* Cosmopathic .O$en to t+e access of s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e or
e'oton1 a$$arentl" fro' t+e transcendental 8orld1 b)t 8+ose $recse
so)rce 8e +a2e no 'eans of defnn&.
Cryptomnesia .()b'er&ed or s)bl'nal 'e'or" of e2ents for&otten
b" t+e s)$ral'nal self.
Crysta,ga3ing .T+e act of loo3n& nto a cr"stal1 &lass ball1 or ot+er
specuum, or reflectn& s)rface1 8t+ t+e obDect of nd)cn& +all)cnator"
$ct)res. T+e $erson don& t+s s called a seer or scryer. T+e $ct)res1 of
co)rse1 e#st n t+e 'nd and not n t+e cr"stal. (ee She,hearing.
*eusion and *eusive.%$$led &enerall" to all cases 8+et+er of
+all)cnaton or ll)son1 8+en t+ere s no corres$ondn& realt" 8+ate2erG
i.e. 8+en t+e case s not concdental or n an" ot+er 8a" 2erdcal.
* *e0tro,cerebra (o$$osed to *Sinistro,cerebra)G of leftC+anded
$ersons1 as e'$lo"n& $referentall" t+e right +e's$+ere of t+e bran.
*iathesis .-abt1 ca$act"1 or ds$oston. (In 2edicine, a $er'anent
condton of t+e bod" 8+c+ renders t lable to certan s$ecal dseases or
affectonsG a constt)tonal $reds$oston or tendenc".) (ee &sychorrhagic
diathesis.
*imorphism .In cr"stals1 t+e $ro$ert" of ass)'n& t8o nco'$atble
for'sG n $lants and an'als1 dfference of for' bet8een 'e'bers of t+e
sa'e s$eces. :sed of a condton of alternatn& $ersonaltesG a 3nd of
psychica dimorphism n 8+c+ 'e'or"1 c+aracter1 fac)lt"1 &c.1 $resent
t+e'sel2es at dfferent t'es n dfferent for's n t+e sa'e $erson.
('larl"1 poymorphism s t+e $ro$ert" of ass)'n& 'an" for's.
*iscarnate .,se'boded1 o$$osed to incarnate. :sed of t+at $art of
'an 8+c+ stll s)bssts after bodl" deat+.
*isintegration o$ personaity .:sed of an" condton 8+ere t+e sense
of $ersonalt" s not )ntar" and contn)o)sG es$ecall" 8+en secondar" and
transtor" $ersonaltes nter2eneG as1 for nstance1 8+en a +"stercal s)bDect
calls +erself at one t'e 7ose, at anot+er Adrienne, &c.1 8t+ se$arate c+ans
of 'e'or" for eac+ condton.
*issoutive .O$$osed to 8voutive/ of c+an&es 8+c+ tend not to8ards
$ro&ress b)t to8ards deca".
*ynamogeny.T+e ncrease of ner2o)s ener&" b" a$$ro$rate st')lG
often o$$osed to inhibition.
*yssthesia .(ee Ansthesia.
8cmnesia.% &a$ n 'e'or"J a for' of a'nesa Lfor&etf)lnessM n
8+c+ t+ere s a nor'al 'e'or" of occ)rrences $ror to a &2en date1 8t+
loss of +i,0vii- 'e'or" of 8+at +a$$ened for a certan t'e after t+at
date.9(T)3e5s *ict.). It s+o)ld be added t+at t+e &a$ of 'e'or" 'a"
ncl)de so'e $erod of t'e previous to t+e s+oc3 or accdent 8+c+ ca)sed
t.
8cstasy.% trance d)rn& 8+c+ t+e s$rt of t+e a)to'atst $artall"
E)ts +s bod"1 entern& nto a state n 8+c+ t+e s$rt)al 8orld s 'ore or
less o$en to ts $erce$ton1 and n 8+c+ t so far ceases to occ)$" ts
or&ans' as to lea2e roo' for an n2adn& s$rt to )se t n so'e8+at t+e
sa'e fas+on as ts o8ner s acc)sto'ed to )se t. (ee &ossession.
* 8ntencephaic .On t+e analo&" of entoptic/ of sensatons1 &c.1
8+c+ +a2e t+er or&n 8t+n t+e bran1 not n t+e e#ternal 8orld.
8ugenics .T+e scence of '$ro2n& t+e race.
80ternaise .T+s 8ord s )sed to re$resent t+e $rocess b" 8+c+ an
dea or '$resson on t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd s transfor'ed nto a $+antas'
a$$arentl" o)tsde +'.
9asidica .(ee 'aucination.
:ossoay .($ea3n& 8t+ ton&)es19 i.e. a)to'atc )tterance of
8ords not belon&n& to an" real lan&)a&e.
'aucination .%n" s)$$osed sensor" $erce$ton 8+c+ +as no
obDect2e co)nter$art 8t+n t+e feld of 2son1 +earn&1 &c.1 s ter'ed a
+all)cnaton. -all)cnatons 'a" be deusive or $asidica, 8+en t+ere s
not+n& 8+ate2er to 8+c+ t+e" corres$ondG or veridica, 8+en t+e"
corres$ond (as t+ose of 8+c+ 8e treat &enerall" corres$ond) to real e2ents
+a$$enn& else8+ere. % pseudohaucination s a E)asC$erce$t not
s)ffcentl" e#ternalsed to ran3 as a f)llCblo8n9 +all)cnaton. Contrast
8t+ iusion and deusion.
'emi,ansthesia .(ee Ansthesia.
'etersthesia .% for' of sensblt" decdedl" dfferent fro' an" of
t+ose 8+c+ can be referred to t+e acton of t+e 3no8n sensese.g. t+e
$erce$ton of a 'a&netc feld1 s$ecfc sensbltes to r)nnn& 8ater1
cr"stals1 'etals ((ee 2etasthesia)1 &c.
'yperbouia .(ee Abouia.
'ypersthesia.(ee Ansthesia.
'ypermnesia .,efned n T)3e5s *ict. as o2erCact2t" of t+e
'e'or"1 a condton n 8+c+ $ast acts1 feeln&s1 or deas are bro)&+t
22dl" to t+e 'nd1 8+c+1 n ts nat)ral condton1 +as 8+oll" lost t+e
re'e'brance of t+e'.9 In '" 2e8 t+e s)bl'nal 'e'or" retans t+ese
re'e'brances t+ro)&+o)t1 and t+er s)$ral'nal e2ocaton '$les an
ncreased &ras$ of nat)ral fac)lt". *&anmnesia 8o)ld '$l" a $otental
recollecton of all '$ressons.
* 'yperpromethia .()$ernor'al $o8er of fores&+tG attrb)ted to t+e
s)bl'nal self as a +"$ot+ess b" 8+c+ to e#$lan $re'ontons 8t+o)t
ass)'n& et+er t+at t+e f)t)re scene s s+o8n to t+e $erc$ent b" an" 'nd
e#ternal to +s o8n1 or t+at crc)'stances 8+c+ 8e re&ard as f)t)re are n
an" sense alread" e#stent.
'ypnagogic .(usions hypnagogiques (/a)r") are t+e 22d ll)sons
of s&+t or so)ndfaces n t+e dar319 &c.8+c+ so'et'es acco'$an"
t+e onco'n& of slee$. To s'lar ll)sons acco'$an"n& t+e departure of
slee$1 as 8+en a drea'Cf&)re $erssts for a fe8 'o'ents nto 8a3n& lfe1 I
+a2e &2en t+e na'e *hypnopompic.
'ypnogenous .(ee 'ysterogenous.
* 'ypnopompic .(ee 'ypnagogic.
'ypnotism .(ee 2esmerism.
+i,0viii-
'ysteria .% dsordered condton of t+e ner2o)s s"ste'1 t+e
anato'cal seat and nat)re of 8+c+ are )n3no8n to 'edcal scence1 b)t of
8+c+ t+e s"'$to's consst n 8ellC'ar3ed and 2er" 2ared dst)rbances of
ner2eCf)ncton9 58ncy. )rit.6. 4or f)rt+er defnton and dsc)sson1 see
belo81 C+a$ter II.
'ysterica blndness1 contract)res1 ')ts'1 Qde'a1 $aral"ss1 &c.1
s&nf" affectons not de$endent on an" dsco2erable leson1 b)t on t+e
defects of ner2o)s coCordnaton c+aracterstc of +"stera. ()c+ affectons1
e2en 8+en of lon& standn&1 'a" E)te s)ddenl" dsa$$ear.
'ysterogenous 3ones .Ponts or tracts on t+e s3n of a +"stercal
$erson $ress)re on 8+c+ 8ll nd)ce a +"stercal attac3. 'ypnogenous
3ones are re&ons b" $ress)re on 8+c+ +"$noss s nd)ced n a +"stercal
$erson1 b" a s'lar $rocess of selfCs)&&eston.
(deationa .:sed of '$ressons 8+c+ con2e" so'e dstnct noton1
b)t not of sensor" nat)re.
(diognomonic.!ot s"'$to'atc of an" ot+er condtonG ndcat2e
onl" of tself.
(diopathic .("'$to'atc of so'e s$ecal 'orbd state or condton1
8+c+ e#+bts no ot+er s"'$to'e.g. do$at+c so'na'b)ls' s slee$C
8al3n& not assocated 8t+ an" ot+er dsease.
(usion .T+e 'snter$retaton of so'e obDect act)all" $resent to
s&+t1 +earn&1 &c.1 as 8+en a +an&n& coat s ta3en for a 'an1 a rn&n& n
t+e ears for t+e so)nd of a bell1 &c.
(magina.% 8ord )sed of c+aracterstcs belon&n& to t+e $erfect
nsect or imago/and t+)s o$$osed to arva/'eta$+orcall" a$$led to
transcendental fac)ltes s+o8n n r)d'ent n ordnar" lfe.
(nduced .Of $+antas's1 &c.1 ntentonall" $rod)ced.
.evitation.% rasn& of obDects fro' t+e &ro)nd b" s)$$osed
s)$ernor'al 'eansJ es$ecall" of l2n& $ersonsG asserted n t+e case of (t.
7ose$+ of Co$ertno1 and 'an" ot+er santsG of ,. ,. -o'e1 and of 6.
(tanton /oses.
2edium.% $erson t+ro)&+ 8+o' co'')ncaton s dee'ed to be
carred on bet8een l2n& 'en and s$rts of t+e de$arted. %s co''onl"
)sed n s$rtst lterat)re1 t+s 8ord s lable to t+e obDecton t+at t ass)'es
a $artc)lar t+eor" for $+eno'ena 8+c+ ad't of e#$lanaton n 2aro)s
8a"s. It s often better re$laced b" automatist or sensitive.
2esmerism .T+s s t+e oldest 8del"Creco&nsed 8ord for a lar&e
&ro)$ of $+eno'ena dsc)ssed belo8 n C+a$ter V. T+e na'e need '$l"
not+n& 'ore t+an t+e fact t+at /es'er 8as t+e cons$c)o)s ntrod)cer of
'an" of t+e $+eno'ena to t+e E)ro$ean $)blc. B)t t s also s$ecall" )sed
to '$l" so'et+n& of +s theory of t+er $rod)cton1 b" a 2tal effl)ence
fro' t+e 'es'erser1 con2e"ed $artl" b" mesmeric passes, or 8a2n&s of
t+e +ands. T+e ter' Anima 2agnetism '$les a so'e8+at dfferent
t+eor". T+e ter' 'ypnotism, 8+en frst started b" Brad1 8as a&an 'eant to
'$l" a t+eor" of t+e &eness of t+ese $+eno'ena1 b)t t s no8 &enerall"
)sed 8t+ no t+eoretcal '$lcaton.
2essage .:sed for an" co'')ncaton1 not necessarl" 2erbal1 fro'
one to anot+er strat)' of t+e a)to'atst5s $ersonalt"1 or fro' an e#ternal
ntell&ence to one or ot+er strat)' of t+e a)to'atst. T+)s an" a)to'atc
scr$t 'a" be called a message, e2en f nco+erent.
+i,0i0-
2etasthesia .% for' of sensblt" alle&ed to e#st 8+c+ enables
so'e +"$notsed or +"stercal s)bDects to dscr'nate bet8een t+e contacts
of 2aro)s 'etals b" sensatons not der2ed fro' t+er ordnar" $ro$ertes of
8e&+t1 &c.
2etastasis .C+an&e of t+e seat of a bodl" f)ncton fro' one $lace
(e.g. a branCcentre) to anot+er.
* 2etetheria .T+at 8+c+ a$$ears to le after or be"ond t+e et+erG t+e
'etet+eral en2ron'ent denotes t+e s$rt)al or transcendental 8orld n
8+c+ t+e so)l e#sts.
* 2ethectic .Of co'')ncatons bet8een one strat)' of a 'an5s
ntell&ence and anot+erG as 8+en +e 8rtes 'essa&es 8+ose or&n s n +s
o8n s)bl'nal self. (o'e 8ord s needed to e#$ress t+s no2el conce$tonJ
and Plato5s )se of t+e 8ord 1 $artc$aton (Par'. *;. ,)1 s)&&ests
'et+ectc as t+e 'ost a$$ro$rate ter' of Gree3 or&n.
2irror,#riting 5;criture renvers;e, Spiege,schri$t6 . 6rtn& so
n2erted1 or1 'ore e#actl"1 perverted, as to rese'ble 8rtn& reflected n a
'rror1 or blotted off on to a s+eet of blottn& $a$er. T+s for' of 8rtn& s
nat)ral to so'e leftC+anded $ersons. It also freE)entl" a$$ears n a)to'atc
scr$t.
2nemonic chain .% contn)o)s seres of 'e'ores1 es$ecall" 8+en
t+e contn)t" $erssts after an nterr)$ton. (ee ,snte&raton of
$ersonalt".
2onition .% 'essa&e n2ol2n& co)nsel or 8arnn&1 8+en t+at
co)nsel s based )$on facts alread" n e#stence1 b)t not nor'all" 3no8n to
t+e $erson 8+o rece2es t+e 'onton.
2otor .:sed of an '$)lse to acton not carr"n& 8t+ t an" defnte
dea or sensor" '$resson.
Negative haucination .(ee Ansthesia.
Number $orms .(ee Secondary Sensations.
<b"ecti$y .To e#ternalse a $+anto' n t+ree d'ensonsG to see t as a
sold obDect ftted nto t+e 8a3n& 8orld.
* &ansthesia .(ee Ansthesia.
* &anmnesia .(ee 'ypermnesia.
&arsthesia .(ee Ansthesia.
&aramnesia .(ee &romnesia.
&araphasia .T+e erroneo)s and n2ol)ntar" )se of one 8ord for
anot+er1 or of one s"llable for anot+er. Cf. Aphasia
&ercipient .T+e correlat2e ter' to %&entG t+e $erson on 8+ose 'nd
t+e tele$at+c '$act fallsG or 'ore &enerall"1 t+e $erson 8+o $erce2es an"
'otor or sensor" '$resson.
&hantasm and &hantom .P+antas' and $+anto' are1 of co)rse1 'ere
2arants of t+e sa'e 8ordG b)t snce $+anto' +as beco'e &enerall"
restrcted to visua +all)cnatons1 t s con2enent to ta3e $+antas' to co2er
a 8der ran&e1 and to s&nf" an" +all)cnator" sensor" '$resson1
8+ate2er sense8+et+er s&+t1 +earn&1 to)c+1 s'ell1 taste1 or dff)sed
sensblt"'a" +a$$en to be affected.
&hantasmogenetic centre.% $ont n s$ace so 'odfed b" t+e
$resence of a s$rt t+at t beco'es $erce$tble to $ersons 'aterall" $resent
near t. T+e conce$ton of psychica e0cursion or invasion '$les t+at so'e
'o2e'ent bearn& so'e relaton to s$ace as 8e 3no8 t s acco'$ls+edG
t+at t+e n2adn& s$rt 'odfes a certan $orton of s$ace1 not 'aterall"
nor +i,00- o$tcall"1 b)t n s)c+ a 'anner t+at s$ecall" s)sce$tble $ersons
'a" $erce2e t. Cf. psychorrhagy.
&hobies (ter' ado$ted fro' t+e 4renc+).Irratonal restrctn& or
dsabln& $reCocc)$atons or fearsG 'orbd a2ersons for certan t+n&s or
actons1 e.g. agoraphobia, fear of o$en s$acesG mysophobia, fear of
)ncleanlness.
&hotism .(ee Secondary Sensations.
&oint de rep=re .G)dn& 'ar3. :sed of so'e (&enerall"
ncons$c)o)s) real obDect 8+c+ a +all)cnated s)bDect so'et'es sees
alon& 8t+ +s +all)cnaton1 and 8+ose be+a2o)r )nder 'a&nfcaton1
&c.1 s)&&ests to +' s'lar c+an&es n t+e +all)cnator" f&)re.
&oymorphism .(ee *imorphism.
&oy3oism .T+e $ro$ert"1 n a co'$le# or&ans'1 of ben& co'$osed
of 'nor and E)asCnde$endent or&ans's (l3e t+e poy3oa or seaC'ats9).
T+s s so'et'es called colonal constt)ton19 fro' an'al coonies/ b)t
t+e 'eta$+or '$led s not al8a"s s)table. T+e 8ord poypsychism s
so'et'es )sed to e#$ress t+e $s"c+cal as$ect of $ol"Nos'.
&ossession .% de2elo$ed for' of 'otor a)to'ats'1 n 8+c+ t+e
a)to'atst5s o8n $ersonalt" dsa$$ears for t+e t'e1 8+le t+ere s a 'ore
or less co'$lete s)bstt)ton of $ersonalt"1 8rtn& or s$eec+ ben& &2en
b" anot+er s$rt t+ro)&+ t+e entranced or&ans'.
&ost,hypnotic .:sed of a s)&&eston &2en d)rn& t+e +"$notc trance1
b)t ntended to o$erate after t+at trance +as ceased.
&recognition.% 3no8led&e of '$endn& e2ents s)$ernor'all"
acE)red.
&remonition.% s)$ernor'al ndcaton of an" 3nd of e2ent stll n t+e
f)t)re.
* &reversion.% tendenc" to c+aracterstcs ass)'ed to le at a f)rt+er
$ont of t+e e2ol)tonar" $ro&ress of a s$eces t+an +as "et been reac+edG
o$$osed to re2erson.
&roeptic .%ntc$ator"G ass)'n& a 3no8led&e of a fact not "et
co'')ncated. % drea' s called $role$tc 8+en t ass)'es so'e fact
8+c+ s onl" 'ade 3no8n to t+e drea'er later n t+e drea'. 4or nstance1 a
$erson n one5s drea' 'a" as3 one a rddle1 and not tell one t+e ans8er for
so'e t'eG "et a 3no8led&e of t+at ans8er ')st +a2e e#sted n one5s 'nd
all t+e t'e1 snce one dd n fact as3 t+e rddle oneself.
* &romnesia .T+e $arado#cal sensaton of recollectn& a scene 8+c+
s onl" no8 occ)rrn& for t+e frst t'eG t+e sense of t+e d;"> vu. T+e ter'
paramnesia, 8+c+ s so'et'es &2en to t+s sensaton1 s+o)ld1 I t+n31
co2er a for's of erroneo)s 'e'or"1 and cannot 8t+o)t conf)son be )sed
to e#$ress s$ecfcall" t+s one ano'alo)s sensaton.
&seudo,haucination .(ee 'aucination.
* &sychorrhagy.% s$ecal dos"ncras" 8+c+ tends to 'a3e t+e
$+antas' of a $erson easl" $erce$tbleG t+e brea3n& loose of a $s"c+cal
ele'ent1 defnable 'anl" b" ts $o8er of $rod)cn& a $+antas'1
$erce$tble b" one or 'ore $ersons1 n so'e $orton of s$ace. Cf.
&hantasmogenetic centre.
* &sychorrhagic diathesis.% +abt or ca$act" of detac+n& so'e
$s"c+cal ele'ent1 n2ol)ntarl" and 8t+o)t $)r$ose1 n s)c+ a 'anner as
to $rod)ce a $+antas'.
&sychotherapeutics .Treat'ent of dsease b" t+e nfl)ence of t+e
'nd on t+e bod"9 (T)3e5s *ict.). %ll suggestion of co)rse co'es )nder t+s
+ead.
+i,00i-
?uasi,percept .T+e 'ore or less obDectfed $+antas'1 8+c+ t+e
$erc$ent does1 n a certan sense1 $erce2e.
7eciproca .:sed of cases 8+ere t+ere s bot+ a&enc" and $erc$ence
at eac+ end of t+e tele$at+c c+an1 so t+at (n a co'$lete or de2elo$ed case)
% $erce2es P1 and P $erce2es % also.
* 7etrocognition .Rno8led&e of t+e Past1 s)$ernor'all" acE)red.
Secondary &ersonaity .It so'et'es +a$$ens1 as t+e res)lt of s+oc31
dsease1 or )n3no8n ca)ses1 t+at a 'an or a 8o'an e#$erences an
alteraton of 'e'or" and c+aracter1 a'o)ntn& to a c+an&e of $ersonalt"1
8+c+ &enerall" see's to +a2e co'e on d)rn& slee$. T+e ne8 $ersonalt"
s n t+at case ter'ed secondary. It &enerall" dsa$$ears after a t'e1 or
alternates 8t+ t+e or&nal1 or primary, $ersonalt".
Secondary Sensations 5Secund@remp$indungen, audition coor;e,
sound,seeing, synsthesi, Ac.6.6t+ so'e $ersons e2er" sensaton of
one t"$e s acco'$aned b" a sensaton of anot+er t"$eG as1 for nstance1 a
s$ecal so)nd 'a" be acco'$aned b" a s$ecal sensaton of colo)r or l&+t
5chromatisms or photisms6. T+s $+eno'enon s analo&o)s to t+at of
number,$orms,a 3nd of da&ra''atc 'ental $ct)res 8+c+ acco'$an"
t+e conce$ton of a $ro&resson of n)'bers. (ee Galton5s (nquiries into
'uman 9acuty.
She,hearing .T+e nd)cton of +all)cnator" 2oces1 &c.1 b" lstenn&
to a s+ell. %nalo&o)s to cr"stalC&aNn&.
Spectrum o$ consciousness .% co'$arson of 'an5s ran&e of
consco)sness or fac)lt" to t+e solar s$ectr)'1 as seen b" )s after $assn&
t+ro)&+ a $rs' or as e#a'ned n a s$ectrosco$e.
Spirituaism or Spiritism.% rel&on1 $+loso$+"1 or 'ode of t+n3n&1
based on t+e belef t+at t+e s$rts of t+e dead co'')ncate 8t+ l2n& 'en.
(nce t+e 8ords spirituaisme and spirituaiste +a2e lon& been )sed n
4rance for a sc+ool of $+loso$+" o$$osed to 'aterals'1 t+ere s so'e
ad2anta&e n c+oosn& t+e 8ord Spiritism for t+e belef n s$rt nterco)rse.
Stigmatisation .T+e $rod)cton of blsters or ot+er c)taneo)s c+an&es
on t+e +ands1 feet1 or else8+ere1 b" selfCs)&&eston or 'edtaton. T+ese
'ar3s 8ere sad to +a2e been $rod)ced on (t. 4rancs of %sss1 on Lo)se
Latea)1 &c.1 b" 'edtaton on t+e s)ffern&s of C+rst. ('lar 'ar3s are
$rod)cble b" s)&&eston n so'e +"$notc s)bDects1 and e2en vesication
(t+e for'aton of blsters) see's to +a2e been t+)s nd)ced.
Subimina .Of t+o)&+ts1 feeln&s1 &c.1 l"n& beneat+ t+e ordnar"
threshod 5imen6 of consco)sness1 as o$$osed to supraimina, l"n& above
t+e t+res+old. E#ctatons are ter'ed subimina 8+en t+e" are too 8ea3 to
rse nto drect notceG and I +a2e e#tended t+e a$$lcaton of t+e ter' to
feeln&1 t+o)&+t1 or fac)lt"1 8+c+ s 3e$t t+)s s)b'er&ed1 not b" ts o8n
8ea3ness1 b)t b" t+e constt)ton of 'an5s $ersonalt". T+e t+res+old
5Sch#ee6 ')st be re&arded as a le2el abo2e 8+c+ 8a2es 'a" rse1l3e a
slab 8as+ed b" t+e sea1rat+er t+an as an entrance nto a c+a'ber.
Suggestion .T+e $rocess of effect2el" '$ressn& )$on t+e s)bl'nal
ntell&ence t+e 8s+es of t+e 'an5s o8n s)$ral'nal self or of so'e ot+er
$erson. T+e 'ec+ans' of t+s $rocess s obsc)re1 nor s t 3no8n 8+"
so'e $ersons are ')c+ 'ore suggestibe t+an ot+ers. Se$,suggestion
(so'et'es called auto,suggestion b" a barbars' easl" a2odable n
En&ls+) 'eans a s)&&eston con2e"ed b" t+e s)bDect +'self fro' one
strat)' of +s $ersonalt" to anot+er1 8t+o)t e#ternal nter2enton.
+i,00ii-
* Supernorma .Of a fac)lt" or $+eno'enon 8+c+ &oes be"ond t+e
le2el of ordnar" e#$erence1 n t+e drecton of e2ol)ton1 or as $ertann& to
a transcendental 8orld. T+e 8ord supernatura s o$en to &ra2e obDectonsG
t ass)'es t+at t+ere s so'et+n& o)tsde nat)re1 and t +as beco'e
assocated 8t+ arbtrar" nterference 8t+ la8. !o8 t+ere s no reason to
s)$$ose t+at t+e $s"c+cal $+eno'ena 8t+ 8+c+ 8e deal are less a $art of
nat)re1 or less s)bDect to f#ed and defnte la81 t+an an" ot+er $+eno'ena.
(o'e of t+e' a$$ear to ndcate a +&+er e2ol)tonar" le2el t+an t+e 'ass
of 'en +a2e "et attaned1 and so'e of t+e' a$$ear to be &o2erned b" la8s
of s)c+ a 3nd t+at t+e" 'a" +old &ood n a transcendental 8orld as f)ll" as
n t+e 8orld of sense. In et+er case t+e" are abo2e t+e nor' of 'an rat+er
t+an o)tsde +s nat)re.
Supraimina .(ee Subimina.
Synsthesia .(ee Secondary Sensations.
Synergy .% n)'ber of actons correlated to&et+er1 or co'bned nto a
&ro)$.
TeeBinesis .:sed of alle&ed s)$ernor'al 'o2e'ents of obDects1 not
d)e to an" 3no8n force.
* Teepathy and *testhesia.It +as beco'e $ossble1 I t+n31 to
dscr'nate bet8een t+ese t8o 8ords so'e8+at 'ore s+ar$l" t+an 8+en I
frst s)&&ested t+e' n *AA.. Tele$at+" 'a" stll be defned as t+e
co'')ncaton of '$ressons of an" 3nd fro' one 'nd to anot+er1
nde$endentl" of t+e reco&nsed c+annels of sense.9 T+e distance bet8een
a&ent and $erc$ent 8+c+ t+e der2aton of t+e 8ordfeeln& at a
dstance9'$les1 need1 n fact1 onl" be s)c+ as to $re2ent t+e o$eraton of
8+ate2er 3no8n 'odes of $erce$ton are not e#cl)ded b" t+e ot+er
condtons of t+e case. Tele$at+" 'a" t+)s e#st bet8een t8o 'en n t+e
sa'e roo' as tr)l" as bet8een one 'an n En&land and anot+er n
%)strala1 or bet8een one 'an stll l2n& on eart+ and anot+er 'an lon&
snce de$arted. Testhesia$erce$ton at a dstance'a" con2enentl"
be nter$reted n a s'lar 8a"1 as '$l"n& an" drect sensaton or
$erce$ton of obDects or condtons nde$endentl" of t+e reco&nsed
c+annels of sense1 and also )nder s)c+ crc)'stances t+at no 3no8n 'nd
e#ternal to t+e $erc$ent5s can be s)&&ested as t+e so)rce of t+e 3no8led&e
t+)s &aned.
* Teergy .T+e force e#ercsed b" t+e 'nd of an a&ent n '$ressn&
a $erc$ent1n2ol2n& a drect nfl)ence of t+e e#traneo)s s$rt on t+e
bran or or&ans' of t+e $erc$ent.
Ceridica .(ee 'aucination.
+i,00iii-
EXPLANATION OF PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT
AND SYSTEM OF REFERENCES
In eac+ 2ol)'e of t+e boo3 t+e ar&)'ent r)ns on contn)o)sl" t+ro)&+
t+e C+a$ters $laced at t+e be&nnn& of t+e 2ol)'e. % fe8 ll)strat2e cases
are ncl)ded n t+ese C+a$ters1 b)t t+e &reat 'ass of cases1 to&et+er 8t+
detaled dsc)ssons of nd2d)al $onts1 are $laced n t+e %$$endces
corres$ondn& to t+e C+a$ters1 at t+e end of eac+ 2ol)'e (n 2ol. . fro' $.
.@A on8ards)1 n order not to nterr)$t t+e ar&)'ent.
T+e %$$endces are d2ded accordn& to t+e C+a$ters to 8+c+ t+e"
belon&1 as %$$endces to C+a$ter II.19 %$$endces to C+a$ter IV.19 &c.
(C+a$ters I. and III. +a2n& no %$$endces)G see $a&eC+eadn&s n last $art
of 2ol)'e.
T+e C+a$ters are d2ded nto n)'bered sectons. In t+ese n)'bers1 t+e
+)ndreds corres$ond to t+e n)'ber of t+e C+a$terG t+)s1 n C+a$ter I. t+e
sectons are n)'bered fro' 100 on8ardsG n C+a$ter II. t+e" are n)'bered
fro' (00 on8ards1 and so on. T+e res)lt of t+s s t+at t+e n)'bers of
sectons r)n on contn)o)sl" t+ro)&+ eac+ C+a$ter1 8t+ a brea3 n t+e
seres at t+e end of eac+ c+a$terG e.g. t+e last secton of C+a$ter I. ($. ;;) s
1()1 and t+e frst secton of C+a$ter II. ($. ;<) s (00.
To facltate reference to t+e sectons1 t+er n)'bern& s re$eated n t+e
nner corners of t+e $a&eC+eadn&s.
T+e %$$endces are also n)'bered1 to corres$ond 8t+ t+e sectons
8+c+ t+e" are ntended to ll)strateG t+e n)'bers of t+e %$$endces ben&
dstn&)s+ed fro' t+e n)'bers of t+e sectons b" letters ben& added to t+e
for'er. T+)s t+e frst %$$end# s n)'bered (0* A (see $. .@A)1 t+s ben&
an ll)straton of secton (0*.
(o'e of t+e sectons +a2e 'ore t+an one ll)strat2e %$$end#G n t+at
case1 t+e sa'e n)'ber s re$eated 8t+ a dfferent letter. T+)s secton ((3
($. B>) +as t8o %$$endces1 8+c+ are n)'bered ((3 A and ((3 B ($$. ;>?
and ;>B). On t+e ot+er +and1 'an" sectons +a2e no %$$endces
corres$ondn& to t+e'. T+e res)lt s t+at t+e n)'bern& of t+e %$$endces
s not contn)o)s1 b)t +as 'an" &a$s n t. T+e n)'bern& of t+e
%$$endcesl3e t+at of t+e sectonss re$eated n t+e nner corners of
t+e $a&eC+eadn&s.
6+ene2er1 t+erefore1 a reference occ)rs to a n)'ber alone1 t+s s to be
fo)nd a'on& t+e sectonsG b)t 8+en a reference s to a n)'ber 8t+ a letter1
t s to be fo)nd a'on& t+e %$$endces.
In t+e ("llab)ses 8+c+ ''edatel" follo81 t+e references to t+e
%$$endces are &2en n connecton 8t+ t+e sectons to 8+c+ t+e" belon&.
+i,00iv-
SYLLABUSES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
100 . /an +as ne2er "et a$$led t+e 'et+od of scence to t+e $roble' of
+s o8n s)r22al of deat+.
101 . T+ere +as been ')c+ belef n s)r22al1bot+ defnte belef and
2a&)e belef1b)t ne2ert+eless no atte'$t to test t+at belef b" obser2aton
and e#$er'ent.
10( . In fact1 t+e 2er" '$ortance of t+e belef +as barred 'et+odcal
nE)r"G 'en +a2e ado$ted t as a $aith, and +a2e t+en been rel)ctant to
anal"se t. T+e C+rstan C+)rc+ +as absorbed t+e E)eston nto t+eolo&"1
and +as treated t+eolo&" as based on tradton and nt)ton1 not on fres+
e#$er'ent.
103 . 4ro' t'e to t'e 2aro)s s&nfcant $+eno'ena +a2e occ)rred1
8+c+ recall tradtonal 'ar2els1 b)t are no8 &rad)all" ben& bro)&+t nto
lne 8t+ t+e res)lts of 'odern scenceG e.g. Ditchcra$t +as been &reatl"
el)cdated b" 'odern n2est&atons nto +"stera.
10+ . 2esmerism fores+ado8ed +"$notc s)&&eston and
$s"c+ot+era$e)tcs.
10, . S#edenborg or&nated t+e noton of scence n t+e s$rt)al 8orld1
and ')st be re&arded as a tr)e and earl" $rec)rsor of o)r enE)r" nto t+e
nat)re of tranceC'anfestatons.
10' . (r 6. Croo3es 8as t+e frst 8+o sero)sl" endea2o)red to a$$l"
scentfc tests to t+e alle&ed s)$ernor'al nfl)ence of t+e s$rt)al on t+e
'ateral 8orld. On t+ese alle&ed facts1 a sc+e'e of belef 3no8n as /odern
($rt)als' +as been fo)nded.
10* . !e#t a &ro)$ of Ca'brd&e frends beca'e con2nced t+at t+e
E)estons at ss)e co)ld onl" be decded t+ro)&+ e#$er'ent and
obser2aton of conte'$orar" $+eno'ena. On t+s bass t+e (.P.R. 8as
fo)nded. T+e frst defnte and '$ortant $ont to8ards 8+c+ all t+e
e2dence con2er&ed 8as t+e t+ess of Tele$at+"1 t+e e2dence for 8+c+ 8as
set fort+ n &hantasms o$ the .iving.
10) . Tele$at+"1 rendered $robable1 leads on to e2dence of 'an5s
s)r22al of deat+G b)t 8e need frst a searc+n& re2e8 of t+e ca$actes of
+s ncarnate $ersonalt".
109 . Contrasted 2e8s of Personalt" fro' 8+c+ 8e start. RedJ t+e
oldCfas+oned 2e8 of a sn&le )ntar" $ersonalt".
110 . RbotJ t+e 'odern 2e8 t+at t+e self s a coCordnaton.
+i,00v-
111 . T+e ne8 e2dence add)ced n t+s boo31 8+le s)$$ortn& t+e
conce$ton of t+e co'$oste str)ct)re of t+e E&o1 does also brn& t+e
stron&est $roof of ts abdn& unity, b" s+o8n& t+at t 8t+stands t+e s+oc3
of deat+.
11( . T+e 8ords supraimina and subimina 'a" be )sed to e#$ress t+e
'ental lfe 8+c+ &oes on above and beo# t+e ordnar" t+res+old of
consco)sness. T+e s)bl'nal (or )ltra'ar&nal) 'ental lfe s s)ffcentl"
co'$le# and contn)o)s to D)stf" )s n s$ea3n& of a s)bl'nal (elf.
113 . T+s 2e8 'a" be attac3ed1 on t+e one +and1 as ben& too elaborate
for t+e factsG on t+e ot+er +and1 as ascrbn& to so'e $art of o)r o8n
$ersonalt" $erce$tons and '$)lses 8+c+ are reall" d)e to e#traneo)s and
$er+a$s dscarnate 'nds.
11+ . T+e t+eor" of t+e s)bl'nal self need not1 +o8e2er1 be $)s+ed so
far as alto&et+er to ne&at2e s$rtCnter2entonG n fact1 t+e t8o 2e8s
s)$$ort eac+ ot+er.
11, . T+e st)d" of t+ese s)bl'nal 8or3n&s s t+e 'ore necessar" no8
t+at 8e realse t+e slo8 and co'$le# e2ol)ton of 'an1 8t+ t+e $robable
la$se fro' consco)sness of ')c+ t+at 8as once 22dl" $resent.
11' . T+e dfference bet8een old and ne8 conce$tons of consco)sness
s l3e t+e dfference bet8een t+e old s'$le conce$ton of s)nl&+t and o)r
$resent conce$ton of t+e ra" fanned o)t nto a s$ectr)'1 and barred 8t+
lnes of 2ar"n& dar3ness.
11* . 7)st as t+e solar s$ectr)' +as been $rolon&ed b" artfce be"ond
bot+ red and 2olet ends1 so 'a" t+e s$ectr)' of consco)s +)'an fac)lt"
be artfcall" $rolon&ed be"ond bot+ t+e lo8er end (8+ere consco)sness
'er&es nto 'ere or&anc o$eraton) and t+e +&+er end (8+ere
consco)sness 'er&es nto re2ere or ecstas").
11) . (3etc+ of t+e &eneral lne of nE)r" to be $)rs)ed n t+s boo3
an ad2ance fro' t+e anal"ss of norma to t+e e2dence for supernorma
fac)lt"1 endn& 8t+ a dsc)sson of t+e nat)re of t+e $roof acE)red as to
t+e $ersstence of +)'an $ersonalt" after bodl" deat+.
119 . Of t+e c+a$ters follo8n& on t+s frst or ntrod)ctor" one1 t+e
second 8ll contan a dsc)sson of t+e 8a"s n 8+c+ +)'an $ersonalt"
dsnte&rates and deca"s.
1(0 . T+e t+rd1 )tlsn& t+e ns&+t t+)s &aned1 8ll dsc)ss t+e lne of
e2ol)ton 8+c+ enables 'an to 'antan and ntensf" +s tr)e nor'alt".
1(1 . T+e fo)rt+ 8ll dsc)ss 'an5s nor'al alternatn& $+ase of
$ersonalt"slee$1 and ntrod)ces )s to certan s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena1
8+c+ so'et'es occ)r n t+at state.
1(( . T+e fft+ c+a$ter 8ll deal 8t+ +"$nots'1 consdered as an
empirica deveopment o$ seep. -"$notc s)&&eston ntensfes t+e $+"scal
rec)$eraton of slee$1 and ads t+e e'er&ence of t+ose s)$ernor'al
$+eno'ena 8+c+ ordnar" slee$ and s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls'
so'et'es afford.
1(3 . 4ro' +"$nots' 8e $ass on n t+e s#t+ c+a$ter to a ran&e of
e#$er'ent and obser2aton of stll 8der sco$e1 na'el"1 to t+e
consderaton of all t+e sensor" 'essa&es 8+c+ t+e s)bl'nal sends
)$8ards to t+e s)$ral'nal selfG $+antas'al e#ternalsatons of nternal
2son and a)dton. /an" of t+ese 'essa&es are tele$at+cn2ol2e1 t+at s
to sa"1 drect trans'sson of t+o)&+t fro' one l2n& $erson to anot+er.
1(+ . !or does s)c+ trans'sson cease 8t+ t+e bodl" deat+ of t+e
trans'ttn& +i,00vi- a&ent. T+e se2ent+ c+a$ter s+o8s t+at 2erdcal
'essa&es 'a" be &2en $+antas'all" to 'ortal 'en b" s$rts after bodl"
deat+.
1(, . T+e e&+t+ c+a$ter ntrod)ces anot+er class of s)bl'nal
'essa&est+ose )n8lled 8rtn&s and )tterances 8+c+ 'a" be st"led
'otor a)to'ats's. %)to'atc 8rtn&1 es$ecall"1 f)rns+es t+e o$$ort)nt"
for e#$er'ents 'ore $rolon&ed and contn)o)s t+an t+e $+antas's or
$ct)res of sensor" a)to'ats's can often &2e.
1(' . T+ese 'otor a)to'ats's1 'oreo2er1 as t+e nnt+ c+a$ter s+o8s1
are a$t to beco'e 'ore co'$lete1 'ore controlln&1 t+an sensor"
a)to'ats's. T+e" c)l'nate n t+e possession of t+e senst2e b" so'e
e#traneo)s s$rt1 8+o 8rtes and tal3s t+ro)&+ t+e te'$orarl" 2acated
or&ans'1 &2n& $roof of +s o8n s)r22n& dentt".
1(* . T+e conce$tons t+)s &aned 8ll be seen to +a2e bearn&s on t+e
f)nda'ental $roble's of t+e relaton of s$rt)al $+eno'ena to ($ace1 to
T'e1 and to t+e 'ateral 8orld.
1() . 4nall"1 8e s+all res)'e n a tent+ c+a$ter1 or E$lo&)e1 so'e of
t+e reflectons1 $+loso$+cal or rel&o)s1 to 8+c+ t+ese ne8 facts
ne2tabl" &2e rse.
CHAPTER II
DISINTEGRATIONS OF PERSONALITY
(00 . Eac+ 'an s at once $rofo)ndl" )ntar" and al'ost nfntel"
co'$oste.
(01 . I bele2e t+at t+e )nf"n& $rnc$le of +s $ersonalt" s an
nd8elln& so)l1 and t+at so)ls +a2e act)all" been obser2ed n o$eraton
a$art fro' t+e or&ans's 8+c+ t+e" $ossess1 bot+ 8+le t+ose or&ans's
are stll l2n& and after t+e" +a2e deca"ed.
(0( . O)r a' ')st be to dra8 fro' a st)d" of t+e dsnte&ratons of
+)'an $ersonalt" so'e +nts 8+c+ 'a" tend to8ards ts 'ore co'$lete
nte&raton.
(03 . 6e s+all +a2e to dsc)ss consco)sness n 2aro)s 8a"s1 and 8e
s+all fnd t con2enent to )se t+e 8ord conscious as eE)2alent to
potentiay memorabe. T+at 8ll be n o)r 2e8 a consco)s act 8+c+ 8e
'a&ne as ca$able of for'n& )nder an" conce2able crc)'stances (not
necessarl" on t+s $lanet) a ln3 n a 'ne'onc c+an. 6e ')st1 t+erefore1
feel no $re$ossesson a&anst an" &2en arran&e'ent or d2son of t+e total
'ass of consco)sness 8+c+ e#sts 8t+n )s.
(0+ . %s to t+e 'ode of or&nal nte&raton of consco)sness )$ to t+e
+)'an le2el scence can tell )s not+n&G 8e ')st 8at for t+e dsco2er" of
la8s affectn& t+e s$rt)al 8orld.
(0, . 6e +a2e1 t+erefore1 no r&+t to ass)'e t+at all o)r $s"c+cal
o$eratons 8ll fall at t+e sa'e t'e1 or at an" t'e1 nto t+e sa'e central
c)rrent of $erce$ton. /ore $robabl" nat)ral selecton +as deter'ned 8+at
ele'ents s+all rse abo2e t+e consco)s t+res+old. In $rocesses of
dsnte&raton t+ese needed ele'ents sn3 belo8 t+e t+res+old a&an.
(0' . T+e seres of t+ese de&eneratons see's to $ass t+ro)&+ a certan
+i,00vii- crtcal $ont 8+ere t+e de'arcaton bet8een t+e $+ases of
$ersonalt" s s)ffcentl" 'ar3ed to n2ol2e a tranceCstate n $assn& fro'
one to t+e ot+er. 6e be&n 8t+ 'nor and $artal dsa&&re&atonsnsstent
deas and t+e l3e.
(0* . T+ese f#ed deas s+o8 t+e'sel2es a'enable to $s"c+olo&cal
rat+er t+an to $+"solo&cal treat'ent1 and are best descrbed as s'all
ds$lace'ents of t+e nor'al le2el of 2ol)ntar" control. (0* A . 7anet5s cases
of for&otten terrors &2n& rse to +"stercal attac3s.
(0) . T+e" t+)s lead )$ to +"stera1 8+c+ conssts essentall" n an
)nd)e $er'eablt" of t+e $s"c+cal da$+ra&'19 or conf)sed nterc+an&e
of ele'ents 8+c+ s+o)ld le abo2e and ele'ents 8+c+ s+o)ld le belo8 t+e
t+res+old of 8a3n& consco)sness.
(09 . In +"stera t+e feld of consco)sness s narro8ed1 so t+at
+"stercal anFst+esa s not a real loss of sensblt"1 b)t a 'ere dstracton
of attenton fro' t+e affected $art.
(10 . %nFst+etc $atc+es are deter'ned not b" anato'cal
de'arcatons1 b)t b" ca$rces of t+e +"$notc strat)'drea'Cl3e selfC
s)&&estons e'anatn& fro' $artall" ntell&ent s)bl'nal centres.
(11 . T+e fra&'ents of $erce$t2e $o8er o2er 8+c+ t+e +"sterc +as
lost control stll e#st belo8 t+e t+res+old1 and are ca$able of ben& a&an
rased b" s)&&eston nto 8a3n& consco)sness.
(1( . E#a'$le fro' t+e reco2er" b" +"stercs of t+er nor'al feld of
2son on t+e $resentaton of an e#ctn& obDect.
(13 . E#a'$les of t+e $artal re&resson of s$ecfc senses n t+e +"sterc
to t+e 2a&)eness of $r't2e rrtablt".
(1+ . ('lar dssocaton of t+e sense of $ersonalt" fro' $)r$os2e
'o2e'ents.
(1, . B)t a +"sterc 8+o sE)eeNes t+e d"na'o'eter l3e a 8ea3 c+ld
can e#ert &reat ')sc)lar force )nder t+e nfl)ence of e'oton.
(1' . -"stera1 +o8e2er1 does not necessarl" s+o8 ntal 8ea3ness of
'nd. It 'a" res)lt fro' t+e s+oc3 of $anf)l crc)'stances )$on nat)res
or&nall" ntell&ent and refned.
(1* . Case of /ss L)c" R.1 as &2en b" ,rs. Bre)er and 4re)d.
(1) . Case of 4rS)len %nna O.1 b" t+e sa'e $+"scans.
(19 . Grad)al transfor'aton of +"stercal 'alad" n t+s case nto a
secondar" $ersonalt".
((0 . T+e s)bl'nal con2ctons or f#ed deas 8+c+ beco'e 'orbd
8+en t+e" are encysted n t+e 'nd 'a" beco'e so)rces of $o8er and
nfl)ence 8+en t+e" are 8or3ed n 8t+ t+e $rod)cts of s)$ral'nal reason1
as n 'art"rs1 refor'ers1 &c.
((1 . 4ro' t+ese cases of isoation of certan e'otonal &ro)$s fro' t+e
$s"c+cal co'$le# I $ass on to 'ore $rofo)nd clea2a&esGo)r best startn&
$ont for t+e st)d" of t+ese les a'on& t+e $+eno'ena of drea's
es$ecall" n t+er dra'atc c+aracter. ((1 A . R. L. (te2enson5s drea' of
$ossessn& a do)ble $ersonalt".
((( . In so'e cases t+e ne8 $ersonalt" see's a dra'atsaton of so'e
do'nant 'orbd e'oton. ((( A . 7anet5s case of de'onacal $ossesson.9
((3 . (o'na'b)ls's1 de2elo$n& fro' accesses of slee$C8a3n&1 'a"
'er&e nto d'or$+c $ersonaltes. ((3 A . ,"ce5s case. ((3 B . /esnet5s
case.
+i,00viii-
((+ . (o'e8+at s'lar are $ostCe$le$tc alternatons of $ersonalt".
((+ A . Case of (Tr&el.
((, . Ot+er alternatonst+o)&+ $ossbl" $ostCe$le$tc n or&n
see' d'or$+c or allotro$c rat+er t+an de&enerat2e. ((, A . Case of
%nsel Bo)rne1 n 8+c+ t+e 'e'or" of t+e secondar" state 8as reco2ered
t+ro)&+ +"$nots'.
((' . T8o s'lar cases1 n 8+c+ t+e secondar" state 8as $er+a$s to be
referred to a for' of +"stera. ((' A . Pro)st5s case. ((' B . Boetea)5s case.
((* . Case re$orted b" (ds n 8+c+ an accdent 8as follo8ed b"
a'nesa and t+e de2elo$'ent of t8o $ersonaltes.
(() . % case of t+e a'b)lator"9 t"$e1 a$$arentl" assocated 8t+ a
defnte $+"scal leson. (() A . ,re8r"5s case.
((9 . In so'e cases t+e alternatn& state see's d)e to lac3 of s)ffcent
2talt" to 'antan t+e nor'al $ersonalt" 8t+o)t nter'sson. ((9 A .
(3ae5s case.
(30 . %lled 8t+ t+ese de&enerat2e alternatons are t+e factto)s
alternatons 8+c+ are de2elo$ed n +"stercal $ersons b" +"$notc
s)&&eston or selfCs)&&eston. 7anet5s casesJ (30 A . LUoneG (30 B . L)ce.
(30 C . 7)les 7anet5s caseJ /arcelne R.
(31 . In ot+er cases t+e secondar" state s n so'e 8a"s an '$ro2e'ent
on t+e $r'ar". (31 A . Case of 4Ulda 0. (31 B . Barrett5s case.
(3( . In t+e case of /ar" Re"nolds1 t+e second state s+o8ed a c+lds+
&aet" and insouciance, and t+e t8o states &rad)all" coalesced nto a t+rd
$+ase s)$eror to bot+. (3( A . ,etals of t+e case.
(33 . %n e#tre'e e#a'$le of dssocatons de$endent on t'eCrelatonsG
co'$le# ec'nesa 8t+ s)bDacent +"$er'nesa. (33 A . Case of Lo)s V2U.
(3+ . E#a'$le of a s)bl'nal self s+o8n& a &rotesE)e +ostlt" to t+e
ordnar" self. (3+ A . /orton Prnce5s case of (all" Bea)c+a'$.9
(3, . Os&ood /ason5s case of %l'a V.1 n 8+o' t+e rec)rrn&
secondar" $ersonalt" 8as al8a"s assocated 8t+ ''edate and 'ar3ed
'$ro2e'ent n t+e $+"scal condton.
(3' . In t+e case of /olle 4anc+er1 t+ere 8ere se2eral secondar"
$ersonaltes 8t+ a c+lds+ c+aracter ftted to eac+G and +er case s+o8s
ndcatons of s)$ernor'al fac)lt". (3' A . !e8bold5s re2e8 of t+e case.
(3* . T+e case of %nna 6nsor $resents a contrast and conflct bet8een
$ost2e nsant" on t+e $art of t+e or&ans' &enerall" 8t+ 8se and
8atc+f)l sant" on t+e $art of a sn&le l'bt+e r&+t ar'8+c+ a$$eared
to beco'e t+e $er'anent $ossesson of t+e sane secondar" $ersonalt". (3*
A . Barro8s5 re$ort on t+e case.
(3) . T+e 6atse3a 6onder9 ')st be re&arded as a $se)doC$ossesson
deter'ned b" s)&&eston n a +"stercal c+ld. (3) A . ,etals of t+e case.
(39 . T+s seres ll)strates t+e co'$le# and se$arable nat)re of t+e
ele'ents of +)'an $ersonalt". -"stera t+e 'ost delcate for' of $s"c+cal
dssecton.
(+0 . -"stera e#+bts acE)stons as 8ell as losses of fac)lt".
(+1 . If t+e ele'ents of e'er&ence ncrease1 and t+e ele'ents of
s)b'er&ence d'ns+1 t+e $er'eablt" of t+e $s"c+cal da$+ra&' 'a"
'ean &en)s nstead of +"stera.
(+( . %nd t+e slee$n& $+ase 'a" de2elo$ nto slee$C8a3n& condtons
8t+ 'anfestatons of s)b'er&ed fac)lt"1 8+c+ +"$nots' can f# and
)tlse.
+i,00i0-
(+3 . %s t+e +"sterc stands n relaton to ordnar" 'en1 so do 8e
ordnar" 'en stand n relaton to a not '$ossble deal of sant" and
nte&raton.
(++ . 6e 'a" be as )nable to conce2e of t+e deal be"ond )s as t+e
+"sterc s )nable to conce2e1 e#ce$t b" ftf)l flas+es1 o)r nor'al sant".
(+, . 6e +a2e1 at an" rate1 learnt t+e lesson of o)r $rofo)nd
'odfablt"G and 8e +a2e seen t+at t s b" a$$eals to t+e s)bl'nal self
t+at 8e +a2e t+e best c+ance of ben& 'odfed n t+e drectons t+at 8e
desre.
CHAPTER III
GENIUS
300 . O)r st)d"1 n t+e last c+a$ter1 of t+e dsnte&ratons of $ersonalt"
8ll teac+ )s to see3 o)r t"$e of nor'al 'an+ood n so'e e#a'$le of
stron&l" centralsed control o2er as 'an" ele'ents of t+e $ersonalt" as
$ossble.
301 . It +as been s)&&ested t+at t+e ner2o)s de2elo$'ent of o)r race
tends rat+er to de&enerac"G and Professor Lo'broso1 for nstance1 re&ards
t+e 'an of &en)s9 as an aberrant and al'ost a 'orbd t"$e.
30( . I +old1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+at Gen)s 'a" be best defned as a
ca$act" of )tlsn& $o8ers 8+c+ le too dee$ for t+e ordnar" 'an5s
controlG so t+at an ns$raton of &en)s s n tr)t+ a s)bl'nal )$r)s+ of
hep$u $acuty.
303 . B)t before $roceedn& f)rt+er 8e ')st clearl" realse t+at b" no
'eans all t+at s s)bl'nal n )s s $otentall" ns$raton9G b)t t+at 8+at
les beneat+ t+e t+res+old s at least as '#ed n E)alt" as 8+at les abo2e.
30+ . T+e descr$t2e 'eta$+or of +&+estCle2el1 'ddleCle2el1 and
lo8estCle2el centres1 )sef)l n dstn&)s+n& &reat classes of ner2o)s
act2tes1 'a" be e#tended to dfferent for's of a)to'atc or s)bl'nal
'anfestaton.
30, . I e#$lan t+ese neE)altes b" t+e ass)'$ton of a sou 8+c+
e#ercses an '$erfect and fl)ct)atn& control o2er t+e or&ans'1 alon& t8o
'an c+annels1 onl" $artl" concdentG and I cla' t+e ttle of &en)s for
states n 8+c+ so'e r2)let s dra8n nto s)$ral'nal lfe fro' t+e
)nderc)rrent strea'. %nd as $s"c+olo&sts 8e are bo)nd to defne &en)s b"
t+e 'ode of ts o$eratonGnot b" t+e $leas)reC&2n& $ro$ertes of t+e
res)lt ac+e2edGb" t+e so)rce1 not t+e E)alt"1 of t+e o)t$)t.
30' . !o8 as to nor'alt"1 I )r&e t+at n a constantl" e2ol2n& s$eces
t+e nor' s best re$resented b" t+e fart+est e2ol)tonar" sta&e "et reac+ed.
30* . Co'$arson of &en)s to an ntensfcaton of t+e &lo8 of a banded
s$ectr)'.
30) . T+e for' of &en)s1 or of s)bl'nal )$r)s+1 'ost easl"
'eas)rable s t+e &ft of t+e calc)latn& bo".9 T+s &ft s )s)all" frst
obser2ed n c+ld+ood1 and often dsa$$ears n a fe8 "ears.
309 . Table of $rnc$al %rt+'etcal Prod&es.
310 . T+ese $rod&es98+o are not de&enerates9are &enerall"
)nable to e#$lan t+er o8n 'et+ods1 8+c+ re'an $)rel" s)bl'nal. Case
of /r. Bl"t+. ,etals of so'e ot+er cases.
+i,000-
311 . 4)rt+er cases of s'lar de$initeness of s)bl'nal coo$eraton.
E#$erences of /r. 6. -&ton.
31( . (r 7o+n -ersc+el5s Geo'etrcal ($ectres19 8+c+ +e re&arded as
e2dence of an ntell&ence dstnct fro' t+at of o)r ordnar" $ersonalt".9
313 . Va&)er '$ressons of s)bl'nal 'entaton. Case E)oted fro'
,r. Pa)l C+abane#.
31+ . CoCordnaton of t+e slee$n& and 8a3n& $+ases of e#stence. R.
L. (te2enson5s elaboraton of stores n +s drea's.
31, . On t+e ot+er +and1 Lo'broso5s collecton of anecdotes of t+e
de&enerac" of 'en of &en)s s on se2eral &ro)nds 2er" 8ea3 e2dentall".
31' . !er2o)s dseases are no do)bt relat2el" 'ore $ro'nent n
'odern lfe1 'anl" on acco)nt of t+e d'n)ton of dseases d)e to +)n&er1
flt+1 and e#$os)re.
31* . Ra$d ner2o)s de2elo$'ent also nd)ces a perturbation #hich
masBs evoution, as 'ore ad2anced for's of fac)lt" co'e nto $la".
31) . T+e panetary sc+e'e of 'an5s e2ol)ton re&ards as 'ere by,
products s)c+ Do"s and $o8ers as are not d)e to t+at s)r22al of t+e fttest
8+c+ ada$ts 'an for s)ccess n t+e 'ateral 8orld.
319 . B)t1 n fact1 t+e +stor" of lfe on eart+ +as been a +stor" not
'erel" of adaptation to an en2ron'ent 3no8n once for all1 b)t of &rad)al
discovery of t+e en2ron'ent. T+e da8n of ne8 fac)lt" +as a&an and a&an
'anfested a 8der Cos'os to 8+c+ lfe ')st react.
3(0 . %nd t+)s t+e +&+er &fts of &en)s are no b"C$rod)cts1 b)t are
fres+ $erce$tons of tr)t+1 and le n t+e 'an strea' of +)'an e2ol)ton.
3(1 . Yet snce t+e o)t$)t of &en)s s lar&el" s)bl'nal1 and t+)s
nearer to t+e e#traCterrene so)rce of lfe1 t 'a" so'et'es be o)t of
+ar'on" 8t+ terrene e#stenceG D)st as 'a&nal c+aracterstcs n t+e lar2a
'a" be o)t of +ar'on" 8t+ lar2al e#stence.
3(( . T+)s1 for e#a'$le1 s)bl'nal 'entaton1 8+le ca$able1 8t+ &reat
$oets1 of )sn& 8ords ')c+ after t+e 'anner of ')sc1 does not1 on t+e
ot+er +and1 see' to be so closel" and ne2tabl" ln3ed 8t+ s$eec+ as s
'ental acton abo2e t+e consco)s t+res+old.
3(3 . ($eec+ and 8rtn& are s)''arsatons of certan for's of
co'$le# &est)re1 ne2tabl" nadeE)ate to s"'bolse o)r 8+ole $s"c+cal
ben&.
3(+ . Certan ot+er for's of s"'bols'1as obser2aton and
e#$er'ent see' to s+o81are often 'ore nat)ral t+an s$eec+ for
s)bl'nal selfCe#$resson.
3(, . In t+s fact1 ndeed1 one 'a" ro)&+l" sa"1 les t+e need and t+e
&eness of %rt1 8+c+ abandons lo&cal defnteness of state'ent for t+e sa3e
of a nearer a$$roac+ to tr)t+ +dden n t+e deal 8orld.
3(' . T+e nternal audition 8+c+ e#ternalses tself n $oetr" or ')scG
t+e nternal visuaisation 8+c+ e#ternalses tself as $lastc artGt+ese
re$resent for )s so'et+n& tr)er and 'ore $er'anent t+an t+e $rod)cts of
s)$ral'nal t+o)&+t.
3(* . 6e are +ere n dan&er of transcendn& o)r defnton of &en)s as
t+e cr"stallsaton b" s)bl'nal )$r)s+es of t+e content of s)$ral'nal
t+o)&+t. B)t &en)s s ne2tabl" ln3ed bot+ 8t+ trance and 8t+
a)to'ats'.
3() . T+e flas+ of &en)s s a bref a)to'ats'1 and certan $rolon&ed
efforts of &en)s re'nd )s of t+e co'$le#t" of cerebral reC&ro8t+1t+e
s)bstt)ton of f)ncton9 8+c+ ta3es $lace beneat+ t+e consco)s le2el.
+i,000i-
3(9 . T+e talent of '$ro2saton also1 as 8t+ Geor&e (and1 'a" reac+ a
$ont al'ost ndstn&)s+able fro' a)to'ats'.
330 . In so'e cases1 as 8t+ /. de C)rel1 t+e act of n2enton 'er&es
nto a E)asC+all)cnator" $erce$ton of t+e 'a&ned $ersona&es.
331 . 6e 'a" t+en nat)rall" as3 8+at s t+e relaton of t+e 'an of
&en)s to t+e senst2eW ,o +s ns$ratons brn& 8t+ t+e' an"
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&eW -e 'a" &et true '$ressons1 alt+o)&+ not
de$inite '$ressons1 of a s)$ersensor" 8orld.
33( . 4or e2dence on t+s $ont 8e ')st cons)lt t+e )tterances of
$+loso$+ers or $oets.
333 . In 6ords8ort+5s &reude 8e fnd an +onest and delberate atte'$t
to ans8er t+s 2er" E)eston.
33+ . T+e s)bl'nal )$r)s+ 'a" brn& to t+e $oet a 2a&)e b)t &en)ne
consco)sness of t+e s$rt)al en2ron'ent.
33, . %nd s'larl" to t+e lo2er t 'a" brn& a consco)sness of t+at
)n2ersal ln3 of s$rt 8t+ s$rt 8+c+ s t+e &eneralsaton of tele$at+".
T+e contro2ers" as to t+e $lanetar" or cos'cal sco$e of t+e $asson of
Lo2e s1 n fact1 central to o)r 8+ole s)bDect.
33' . T+e $lanetar" 2e81 eloE)entl" ll)strated b" Professor Perre
7anet1 re&ards t+e se#)al nstnct as t+e n)cle)s of realt" aro)nd 8+c+
baseless fances &at+er.
33* . On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e Platonc 2e8 (as e#$ressed n t+e
Symposium and else8+ere) re&ards eart+l" $asson as t+e ntaton and
ntrod)cton nto cos'c sanctt" and Do".
33) . Platonc Lo2e re$resents n effect 8+at 8o)ld no8 be rat+er
ter'ed Rel&onG an attt)de of de2oton and 8ors+$ to8ards an Eternal
Goodness and Bea)t".
339 . T+e $s"c+cal t"$e to 8+c+ 8e +a2e a$$led t+e na'e of &en)s
'a" t+)s be reco&nsed n e2er" re&on of t+o)&+t and e'oton1 and a$$ears
essental to t+e e2ol)ton of t+e race.
3+0 . B)t 8+ence co'es t+s 8sdo' of t+e s)bl'nal (elfW 6t+n
8+at l'ts can t+ese fa2o)rable s$orts9 occ)rW
3+1 . /" o8n ar&)'ent1 8+le not nsstn& on Platonc re'nscences1
"et ass)'es a (o)l n 'an and n t+e :n2erse an ans8ern& ($rt. T+ese
are fa'lar rel&o)s $ost)lates1 b)t 8e ')st e#tend t+e dea of ndra8al
fro' t+e s$rt)al 8orld to t+e 8+ole ran&e of o)r $s"c+cal $+eno'ena.
3+( . T+at $rocess of ndra8al a$$ears +ealt+" and Do"o)sG t s to t+e
chid, not to t+e 'ad'an1 t+at &en)s s near a3n.
3+3 . %nd 'en of &en)s1 a'on& 8+o' 8e ')st rec3on t+e &ro)$ of
sants1 +a2e 'ade a $al'ar" e#$er'ent on t+e de2elo$'ent of o)r race1a
sane and fr)tf)l effort to absorb stren&t+ and &race fro' an accessble and
ne#+a)stble so)rce.
CHAPTER IV
SLEEP
+00 . In t+e t8o $recedn& c+a$ters I +a2e re2e8ed t+e 'an
dst)rbances and alternatons of 'an5s $ersonalt"1 and +a2e t+en consdered
t+e +i,000ii- nor' of t+e 8a3n& $+ase of t+at $ersonalt". T+e seeping
$+ase ')st no8 be dsc)ssedG8+at ts c+aracterstcs are1 +o8 ts s$ecal
fac)ltes can be de2elo$ed1 and 8+at l&+t t+e st)d" of ts 'anfestatons
'a" t+ro8 )$on t+e constt)ton of 'an.
+01 . % $+"solo&cal defnton of slee$ +as ne2er "et been ac+e2ed1
and s rendered ncreasn&l" dffc)lt b" 8+at 8e no8 3no8 of +"$notc
slee$Gnd)ced n a$$arent nde$endence of t+e s)$$osed $+"solo&cal
reE)stes of sl)'ber.
+0( . On t+e $s"c+olo&cal sde1 slee$ s t+e s)s$enson of 8a3n&
consco)sness. B)t t+s s onl" a ne&at2e defnton. 6e ')st see3 ts
$ost2e c+aracterstcs1 re&ardn& t as a secondar" $ersonalt". T+e
abe"ance of t+e s)$ral'nal lfe 'a" be t+e lberaton of t+e s)bl'nal.
+03 . To be&n 8t+1 t+e 'ere brea3 of 8a3n& consco)sness s
so'e+o8 assocated 8t+ a $otent $+"solo&cal c+an&eof a 3nd 8+ose
nd)cton les be"ond t+e s$ectr)' of o)r ordnar" consco)sness.
+0+ . %nd 8+en 8e $ass on 8t+n t+e l'ts of $o8ers consco)sl"
e#ercsed n 8a3n& +o)rs1 8e fnd t+at slee$1 alt+o)&+ t +abt)all"
suspends, "et does occasonall" enhance t+ose $o8ers. T+)s ')sc)lar
control s en+anced n so'na'b)ls'.
+0, . %nd t+e $o8er of 2s)alsaton s +e&+tened n iusions
hypnagogiques,n8ard 2son on t+e 2er&e of slee$.
+0' . %nd also n hypnopompic $ct)res1or t+e $rolon&aton of drea'C
'a&es nto 8a3n& lfe.
+0* . (o'et'es sensor" 'a&naton1 n8ard 2son1 n8ard a)dton1
and t+e l3e1see' to be +e&+tened and ntensfed n drea'. +0* A . Case
of ,r. -od&son.
+0) . R. L. (te2enson )tlsed t+s slee$Cfac)lt" b" selfCs)&&eston to
sec)re 2s)al and dra'atc nterest for 'a&ned scenes.
+09 . %nd s'larl"1 as t+o)&+ b" an )n8lled selfCs)&&eston1 a drea'
'a" lea2e $er'anent ner2o)s nD)r"1 or ner2o)s beneft. +09 A . 4a)re5s
case. +09 B . Case of ,r. -olbroo3.
+10 . E2en st&'ata 'a" a$$arentl" be ca)sed b" selfCs)&&eston n
slee$J RrafftCEbn&5s case.
+11 . ,rea'C'e'or" and +"$notc 'e'or" see' to be connectedG
s)&&estn& so'e s)bl'nal contn)t" of 'e'or" t+ro)&+ all $+ases of
$ersonalt".
+1( . %nd n fact 8e fnd t+at1 8+ere t+e 'e'ores of se2eral states can
be co'$ared1 t s t+e 'e'or" f)rt+est fro' 8a3n& lfe 8+ose s$an s
&enerall" t+e 8dest.
+13 . %nd drea'C'e'or" does at least so'et'es ncl)de ecmnesic
$erods1 as a case of C+arcot5s s+o8s.
+1+ . ,rea'C'e'or" 'a" ncl)de facts once 3no8n b)t no8 for&ottenG
and also facts 8+c+ +a2e ndeed fallen 8t+n t+e sensor" feld1 b)t 8+c+
8a3n& attenton +as ne2er obser2ed.
+1, . E#a'$le fro' ,elbQ)f of t+e reco2er" n drea' of a for&otten
'e'or". Cases ofJ +1, A . /rs. Bc3fordC('t+. +1, B . Col. %.2.(.
+1' . E#a'$le of t+e reco2er" t+ro)&+ drea' of an obDect 8+ose
$oston see'ed be"ond t+e ran&e of 8a3n& '"o$c 2sonJ Case of /r.
Le8s.
+1* . E#a'$les of drea's 8+c+ reason as 8ell as re'e'ber. +1* A .
+i,000iii- ,a2e"5s case. +1* B . Case of Professor La'berton. +1* C . Case
of Professor -l$rec+t.
+1) . %nalo&" bet8een t+e ac+e2e'ents of drea' and t+e ac+e2e'ents
of &en)s. Possblt" t+at slee$ 'a" stand n closer relaton t+an 2&lance
to a s$rt)al en2ron'ent. %ncent )n2ersalt" of t+s belef.
+19 . Bot+ testhesia and * teepathyter's bet8een 8+c+ 8e 'a"
ro)&+l" d2de o)r frst &ro)$s of s)$ernor'al fac)lt"1'eet )s
ndstn&)s+abl" n t+e $+eno'ena of drea'. Ot+er &ro)$s1 as
$re'ontons1 $resent f)rt+er dffc)ltes for an" lo&cal sc+e'e of
classfcaton.
+(0 . !or can t+e dstncton bet8een e0cursive drea's and receptive
drea's ser2e as a defnte 'ar3 of d2son. % f)ller sc+e'e 8ll be
dsc)ssed n C+a$ter VI. 4or t+e $resent 8e s+all ta3e frst t+ose $+eno'ena
'ost nearl" alled to o)r ordnar" $erce$tons of t+e 'ateral 8orld1 and
s+all $roceed to t+ose 8+c+ s)&&est relatons to a s$rt)al 8orld.
+(1 . Vsons of obDects d)rn& slee$1 no lon&er e#$lcable as re22als of
facts 8+c+ +ad once fallen1 t+o)&+ )nnotced1 8t+n t+e feld of 2son1 b)t
s)&&estn& s)$ernor'al $erce$ton or e#c)rson b" t+e drea'er. Cases ofJ
+(1 A . /r. (E)res. +(1 B . /r. 6atts. +(1 C . /rs. 6l3e. +(1 D . 7)d&e
-o8e. +(1 E . /r. Br&+ten. +(1 F . Ca$tan (cott. +(1 G . /ss L)3e. +(1
H . (r L. 7ones. +(1 - . /r. !asc'ento.
+(( . Cases 8+ere t+ere s an a$$arentl" tele$at+c ln3 bet8een t+e
drea'er and t+e scene dscernedJCase of Canon 6arb)rton. Cases ofJ
+(( A . /rs. 6est. +(( B . (r 7. ,r)''ond -a".
+(3 . Case of /r. Bo"leJ 2son of a deat+Cscene.
+(+ . Case of (r E. -a'ltonJ drea' of nD)r" to brot+er5s ar'. Cases
ofJ +(+ A . /r. Cre8dson. +(+ B . /rs. Rc+ardson. +(+ C . /r. 6lla'
T)dor.
+(, . Preco&nt2e drea's. Indeter'nate 8+et+er d)e to t+e s)bl'nal
self of t+e drea'er or to ot+er s$rts ncarnate or dscarnate. Case of
,)c+ess of -a'lton. Cases ofJ +(, A . /r. Pratt. +(, B . /r. I2e". +(, C .
Lad" V. +(, D . /r. -a&&ard. +(, E . Lad" X.
+(' . Prolon&ed 2son of a scene of deat+J +(' A . Case of ,r. Br)ce.
+(* . Case of /rs. (tore. ("'bolcal $resentaton of a scene of deat+.
+() . Ill)stratons of t+e t+eor" of $s"c+cal n2ason9 b" t+e s$rts of
l2n& $ersonsJ case of /rs. T. Cases ofJ +() A . /r. P3e. +() B . /rs.
/annn&. +() C . /r. !e8n+a'. +() D . /r. 6. +() E . /rs. (+a&ren. +()
F . /rs. Venter.
+(9 . (o'et'es t+s n2ason a$$ears to co'e fro' de$arted s$rts.
Cases ofJ +(9 A . /rs. /enneer. +(9 B . /rs. L&+tfoot. +(9 C . /r.
6n&feld. +(9 D . /rs. Green. +(9 E . /r. ,&no8t". +(9 F . Professor
,olbear.
+30 . ()''ar" of t+e lnes of nE)r" dealt 8t+ n t+e $recedn&
sectons1 and t+e concl)son s)&&ested t+at t+e self of slee$ s a s$rt freed
fro' ordnar" 'ateral l'tatons.
+31 . T+s concl)son accords 8t+ t+e +"$ot+ess t+at 8e are l2n& a
lfe n t8o 8orlds. T+e 8a3n& $ersonalt" s ada$ted to t+e needs of eart+l"
lfeG t+e $ersonalt" of slee$ 'antans t+e f)nda'ental connecton bet8een
t+e or&ans' and t+e s$rt)al 8orld b" s)$$l"n& t 8t+ s$rt)al ener&"
d)rn& slee$1 and tself de2elo$s b" t+e e#ercse of ts o8n s$rt)al
fac)ltes.
+3( . T+s concl)son 8ll be f)rt+er D)stfed n later c+a$ters1 and
es$ecall" n t+ose dealn& 8t+ states analo&o)s to slee$G so'na'b)lstc
and +"$notc trance$ossesson and ecstas".
+i,000iv-
CHAPTER V
HYPNOTISM
,00 . Prel'nar" s)r2e" of t+e c+a$ter. I frst s+o8 t+at +"$nots' s an
e#$er'ental de2elo$'ent of t+e slee$n& $+ase of $ersonalt". T+en1
re2e8n& t+e 2aro)s accredted 'odes of nd)cn& +"$notc effects1 I s+o8
t+at t+ese resol2e t+e'sel2es nto s)&&eston and selfCs)&&estonG and1
f)rt+er1 t+at s)&&eston fro' +"$notsers resol2es tself1 n ts t)rn1 nto selfC
s)&&estonG and I defne s)&&eston as a s)ccessf)l a$$eal to t+e s)bl'nal
self.
%nal"sn&1 n t+e ne#t $lace1 t+e 'an ac+e2e'ents of +"$nots'1 I fnd
t+at t+ese see' all of t+e' to '$l" an ncreased s)bl'nal vitaisation of
t+e or&ans'G and1 a&an1 t+at selfCs)&&eston s e#ercsed 'ost effect2el"
8+en t s s)$$orted b" stron& fat+ n so'e e#ternal 2talsn& or
s)cco)rn& $o8er. I concl)de t+at 'an5s s$rt does act)all" dra8 n ener&"
fro' so'e s$rt)al en2ron'entG and t+at b" Grace 8e are sa2ed t+ro)&+
4at+.9
,01 . O)r st)d" of slee$ n t+e last c+a$ter1 e2en 'ore t+an o)r st)d" of
&en)s n t+e c+a$ter $recedn&1 +as s)&&ested t+e desrablt" of
re$rod)cn& and consoldatn& b" e#$er'ent so'e $art of t+at s$oradc and
s$ontaneo)s fac)lt" 8+c+ +as co'e to t+e s)rface es$ecall" n 2son and
slee$C8a3n& states.
,0( . Yet at t+e sa'e t'e1 f t 8ere not for t+e 3no8led&e 8+c+
+"$nots' +as al'ost accdentall" bro)&+t to )s1 8e s+o)ld fnd t +ard to
de2se an" a$$ro$rate sc+e'e of e#$er'ent. I'$ortant lesson con2e"ed b"
t+e fact t+at a $+eno'enon so easl" $rod)ced and so '$ress2e as t+e
+"$notc trance s+o)ld +a2e re'aned 2rt)all" )n3no8n )ntl so recent a
$erod.
,03 . -"$nots' +as no81 n fact1 been dsco2ered1 and +as o$ened an
eas" road of e#$loraton. Yet 8e s+o)ld realse before+and t+at 8e are onl"
l3el" to reac+ e#$er'entall" s)c+ $ortons of o)r s)bl'nal ben& as
+"stera and so'na'b)ls' +a2e affected n t+er s$ontaneo)s and s$oradc
8a". 6e s+all $robabl" reac+1 so to sa"1 onl" 'ddleCle2el centres9 of t+e
s)bl'nal self.
,0+ . T+ese reflectons1 at an" rate1 s+o8 t+at +"$nots' s no
dsconnected or e#traneo)s nserton nto e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&"1 b)t
rat+er a s)''ar" na'e for a &ro)$ of necessar"1 alt+o)&+ e'$rcal and
solated1 atte'$ts to brn& )nder control t+at ran&e of s)b'er&ed fac)lt"
8+c+ +as alread" fro' t'e to t'e rsen nto o)r obser2aton.
,0, . /es'er s+o8ed broadl" t+at a $rofo)nd ner2o)s c+an&e1 often
t+era$e)tc1 8o)ld often follo8 )$on an obsc)re st')l)s 8+c+ +e
re&arded as a s$ecfc effl)ence $assn& fro' +"$notser to s)bDect.
,0' . ,e P)"sU&)r de2elo$ed t+s ner2o)s c+an&e nto ts 'ost
'$ortant $+ase1 na'el"1 nd)ced so'na'b)ls'1 and n t+s $+ase
obtaned ndcatons of s)$ernor'al fac)lt".
,0* . Ellotson and Esdale1 )sn& 'es'erc $asses1 effected re'ar3able
c)res1 8t+ dee$ anFst+esa )nder s)r&cal o$eratons.
,0) . Brad and 4a+nestoc3 s+o8ed t+at +"$notc res)lts co)ld be
$rod)ced 8t+o)t $asses b" s)&&eston and selfCs)&&eston.
,09 . C+arcot1 b" stron&l" defendn& a defnte1 b)t 'sta3en1
conce$ton of +i,000v- +"$nots'1 &a2e a fres+ '$)lse to ts st)d". ,09 A .
Bra'8ell5s crtcs' of C+arcot.
,10 . LUbea)lt1 Bern+e'1 and ot+er +"$notsts re$resentn& 8+at 8as
at frst dentfed 8t+ t+e !anc" (c+ool19 b)t s no8 t+e &enerall"
acce$ted 2e81 nssted t+at +"$notc $+eno'ena are 8+oll" d)e to
s)&&eston and selfCs)&&eston1 b)t left t+ese ter's )ne#$laned.
,11 . On a closer anal"ss t s seen t+at s)&&estblt"9 'eans not+n&
'ore t+an ncreased nternal res$ons2eness of t+e or&ans'1 8+c+ s t+e
res)lt 8+c+ 8e 8s+ to effect1 not t+e 'eans b" 8+c+ 8e effect t.
,1( . T+s $lastct"1 or reader res$onse of t+e or&ans' to o)r desre
for ts 'odfcaton1 s1 n fact1 a'ed at b" t+e )se of 2aro)s ner2o)s
st')l1 'ass2e or s$ecalsed. *rugs afford a for' of 'ass2e st')l)s
8+c+ s so'et'es effect2e. ,1( A . C+lorofor' 'a" so'et'es act
s'$l" as a s)&&eston (-errero5s cases). ,1( B . Vosn5s 2e8 of
c+lorofor' as facltatn& attenton. ,1( C . Infl)ence of o$)' n addn&
force to selfCs)&&estonJ Case of ,r. Parsons.
,13 . Sudden shocB +as also been tred1 b)t t+e res)ltant cata$le#"9 s
not dentcal 8t+ +"$notc trance. ,13 A . Bra'8ell on +"$noss n
an'als. ,13 B . /es'ersaton of an'als re&arded as a test of e#stence of
'es'erc effl)ence. ,13 C . LUbea)lt on +"$notsaton of nfants.
,1+ . -"$notc trance s nd)ced n so'e +"stercal $ersons b" $ress)re
on certan $atc+es of s3n called hypnogenous 3ones. T+s 'et+od1 +o8e2er1
see's to be 'erel" a for' of +"stercal selfCs)&&eston.
,1, . 2onotonous stimuation (as )sed b" Vosn1 Brad1 &c.)1 +as so'e
$reds$osn& effect1 b)t ts a$$arent effect 'a" often be 'ore tr)l" referred
to s)&&eston.
,1' . %nd 'es'erc $asses n2ol2e too lttle 'onotono)s st')laton to
be t+)s e#$lcable. T+er effect ')st be d)e et+er to s)&&eston or to so'e
nfl)ence or effl)ence a3n to tele$at+".
,1* . %ll for's of ner2o)s st')laton1 res)ltn& n ncreased $lastct"1
tend t+)s to resol2e t+e'sel2es nto t+e )ne#$laned effcac" of
s)&&eston19 8+le1 on t+e ot+er +and1 )nless t+ere e#st so'e nfl)ence or
effl)ence of )n3no8n t"$e1 s)&&eston b" +"$notsers can 'ean lttle 'ore
t+an selfCs)&&eston.
,1) . (elfCs)&&eston s tself ca$rco)s and )nntell&bleG alt+o)&+ t s
n $ractce obser2ed to 8or3 'ore readl" alon& certan 'an lnes. ,1) A .
4a+nestoc3 and ,elbQ)f on selfCs)&&eston. ,1) B . Bra'8ell and t+e elder
,es$ne on t+e sa'e. ,1) C . 4orel5s e#$erence. ,1) D . 6n&feld5s
e#$er'ents n selfCs)&&eston.
,19 . I defne s)&&eston as s)ccessf)l a$$eal to t+e s)bl'nal self9G
and t+)s1 n t+e frst $lace1 I $resent t+e $)NNle of t+e ca$rco)sness of
s)ccessf)l s)&&eston as $art and $arcel of t+e lar&er $roble' of t+e
relatons+$s of t+e s)$ral'nal and t+e s)bl'nal self.
,(0 . T+s conce$ton s+o)ld t+ro8 l&+t on t+e $+eno'ena of
+"$nots'. In t+e frst $lace1 snce t+e s)bl'nal self s s$ecall" concerned
8t+ t+e slee$n& $+ase of $ersonalt"1 8e 'a" e#$ect t+at +"$nots' 8ll
n2ol2e so'e de2elo$ed for' of slee$.
,(1 . T+e +"$notc trance s not dentcal 8t+ ordnar" slee$. T+e
s)bl'nal self co'es to t+e front n re$l" to o)r a$$eal1 and ds$laces D)st
so ')c+ of t+e s)$ral'nal self as 'a" be needf)l for ts $)r$oses.
,(( . T+e sta&es of +"$nots' do not follo8 an" f#ed $+"solo&cal
la81as +i,000vi- C+arcot1 for nstance1 s)$$osed. ,(( A . 7)les 7anet5s
case. ,(( B . G)rne" on +"$notc sta&es.
,(3 . Rat+er1 as G)rne" +as s+o8n1 t+e" rese'ble alternatn&
$ersonaltes1 of s+allo8 t"$e. ,(3 A . G)rne" on sta&es of 'e'or" n
+"$noss. ,(3 B . /rs. (d&8c3 on t+e sa'e.
,(+ . Beneat+ and bet8een t+e alert states les t+e $rofo)nd +"$notc
trance1 8+c+ rese'bles a scentfc rearran&e'ent of slee$Gat once 'ore
stable and 'ore res$ons2e t+an ordnar" slee$.
,(, . T+s &eneralsed conce$ton of +"$nots' needs a s)r2e"1 8der
t+an +as been )s)all" atte'$ted1 of +"$notc res)lts. T+e '$ractcablt" of
fra'n& a $+"solo&cal sc+e'e of t+ese res)lts teac+es )s to fall bac3 on
$s"c+olo&cal consderatons. (nhibition and dynamogeny for' a con2enent
contrast of conce$tonsG bot+ factors entern& nto all $rocesses of
ed)caton.
,(' . It s $ossble t+at t+e nfl)ence of s)&&eston be&ns before brt+.
%t an" rate1 8e 'a" re&ard +"$notc s)&&eston as a s)''arsed ed)caton1
and 'a" dsc)ss t+e rEe of n+bton and d"na'o&en" fro' t+e n)rser"
on8ards. ?.B %. LUbea)lt5s case of s)&&ested brt+C'ar3. ,(' B . Galton5s
case of s)&&ested connate dos"ncras". ,(' C . /aston5s case.
,(* . In+bton of c+lds+ trc3s (acE)red 'orbd s"ner&es) b"
+"$notc s)&&eston. ,(* A . BUrllon5s cases of c)res of c+lds+ trc3s1 &c.
,(* B . Vla2anos5 c)re of s'lar trc3s n an ad)lt.
,() . In+bton of 3le$to'ana and of 2olence. ,() A . Cases and
references re 3le$to'ana. ,() B . 7anet5s cases.
,(9 . In+bton of or&anc $rocl2tesd$so'ana1 ncotns'. ,(9 A .
Cases and references re d$so'ana. ,(9 B . Bra'8ell on d$so'ana. ,(9
C . C)re of ncotns'.
,30 . In+bton of 'or$+no'ana. ,30 A . /arot5s c)re of a case.
,31 . In+bton of aberrant se#)al '$)lse and 'a&naton.
,3( . In+bton of 'orbd 'e'or" and attenton1of id;es $i0es. ,3( A
. References to c)res of phobies pro$essionnees. ,3( B . Vla2anos5 c)re of
a&ora$+oba. ,3( C . /a2ro)3a3s5 c)re of t+e sa'e. ,3( D . Bra'8ell5s
c)res of obsessons.
,33 . In+bton of ncon2enent ele'ents of nor'al 'e'or"Jc)re of
s+"ness1 &c. -"$noss not a state of 'onoCdes'. ,33 A . Bra'8ell s+o8s
t to be rat+er one of $ol"Cdes'.
,3+ . In+bton of $anGt+e 'ost forcble control of attenton. ,3+ A .
,elbQ)f5s e#$er'ent of t+e t8o b)rns. ,3+ B . References to so'e cases of
+"$notc anal&esa. ,3+ C . ,elbQ)f5s c)re of ne)ral&a. ,3+ D . % c)re of
s"coss 'ent. ,3+ E . -"$notc anal&esa n accouchements.
,3, . Is t+s n+bted $an alto&et+er abro&ated1 or translated to so'e
ot+er $lane of consco)snessW ,3, A . Green5s cases. ,3, B . Bra'8ell5s
cases.
,3' . In an" case s)&&eston +as t+e $o8er of dssocatn& 2tal
$+eno'ena +t+erto conDoned1 and t+)s allo8n& a 'an to retan n
consco)sness onl" s)c+ selecton of fac)ltes as 'a" s)t +s ''edate
$)r$ose.
,3* . T)rnn& no8 to t+e dynamogenic res)lts of s)&&eston1 8e fnd
t+at e2en t+e res)lts alread" classed as n+bt2e are n t+e last resort
d"na'o&encG snce alt+o)&+ e#ternal acts 'a" be n+bted1 t+ere ')st be a
d"na'o&enc renforce'ent of t+e deas 8+c+ c+ec3 t+e acts. T+e 'ore
ob2o)sl" d"na'o&enc res)lts 'a" no8 be arran&ed n an order rese'bln&
t+at 8+c+ +i,000vii- 8e tr" to follo8 n ed)catonG$roceedn& fro'
e#ternal senses to nternal sensor" and ot+er central o$eratonG and t+ence
a&an to attenton and 8ll1 and so to character, 8+c+ s a 3nd of res)ltant
of all t+ese.
,3) . (ensor" d"na'o&en"G correcton and renforce'ent of defect2e
endCor&ans b" s)&&eston. ,3) A . LUbea)lt on cases of %)br" and Lo)U.
,3) B . Bra'8ell5s s)bDect1 as e#a'ned b" -e8etson. ,3) C . C)llerre5s
case of s)&&eston b" 'otor 'a&es. ,3) D . Connecton of +"$notc
s)&&eston 8t+ Restt)ton of 4)ncton.
,39 . -"$erFst+esF of s&+t and +earn& $rod)ced b" s)&&eston. ,39
A . Ber&son5s case of corneaCreadn&.
,+0 . -"$erFst+esF of t+e less defned senseCor&ans 'er&e nto 8+at
8e 'a" ter' hetersthesi, or ne8 2aretes of sensblt". ,+0 A .
Rro$ot3n on $r't2e senseCor&ans.
,+1 . ,ffc)ltes n t+e n2est&aton of t+eseG dfferent t"$es of
+eterFst+esF. ,+1 A . (ensblt" to nor&anc obDectsG e.g. r)nnn& 8ater.
,+1 B . Barren on do8sn&.9 ,+1 C . /etallFst+esa. ,+1 D . (ensblt" to
'a&nets. ,+1 E . (ensblt" to dead or l2n& or&ans'sG or to 'es'ersed
obDects. ,+1 F . /edcal Clar2o"ance. ,+1 G . Rc+et5s e#$er'ents. ,+1 H
. Rc+et5s case of clar2o"ant da&noss acco'$aned b" so'e $re2son. ,+1
- . ()&&est2e d"na'o&en" t+)s leads )$ to s)$ernor'al fac)lt". ,+1 K .
Brad on 'edca'ento)s s)bstances1 &c.
,+( . ,"na'o&enc effects of s)&&eston contn)ed. Effects of
s)&&eston on t+e 2asoC'otor s"ste'. ,+( A . ,e 7on&5s c)re of
+F'orr+a&e. ,+( B . Varo)s cases of 2asoC'otor effects. ,+( C .
Bra'8ell5s c)re of +"$er+"dross.
,+3 . (t&'atsaton. ,+3 A . Case of Lo)se Latea). ,+3 B . B&&s5
cases. ,+3 C . Coo'es5 case. ,+3 D . RrafftCEbn&5s case. ,+3 E . Cases b"
7anet1 Bac3'an1 &c. ,+3 F . C+arcot5s $rod)cton of Qde'a b" s)&&eston.
,+3 G . %rt&alas5 c)re of +F'orr+a&e. ,+3 H . (c+renc3C!otNn&5s
e#$er'ents.
,++ . ,"na'o&en" of t+e central sensor)'G 2s)al and a)dtor"
+all)cnatons.
,+, . Certan $onts $ec)lar to +"$notc +all)cnatons. T+er ca$ablt"
of defer'ent.
,+' . (oCcalled ne&at2e +all)cnatons19 or s"ste'atsed anFst+esF19
'$l" a 8atc+f)l ada$taton of t+e +all)cnaton to crc)'stances
)n$redctable 8+en t+e s)&&eston 8as frst &2en. ,+' A . /rs. (d&8c35s
e#$er'ents.
,+* . Or&anc effects of +"$notc +all)cnatons 'a" be $rofo)nder t+an
n s$ontaneo)s cases.
,+) . Possblt" of )tlsn& t+s 22dness and d)rablt" of
+all)cnator" sensaton n s)c+ a 'anner as to e#tend +)'an fac)lt".
,+9 . T+e soCcalled trans$oston of senses9 s $er+a$s a +all)cnator"
selfCs)&&eston n e#$lanaton of a real e'er&ence of telFst+etc ca$act".
,+9 A . E#$er'ents of PUtUtn1 4a+nestoc31 &c. ,+9 B . 4ontan5s
e#$er'ents.
,,0 . ,"na'o&enc effcac" of s)&&eston on attenton1 8ll1 and
c+aracter.
,,1 . ()&&estons > ;ch;ance, and $ostC+"$notc calc)laton of t'eC
nter2als1 &c. E#$er'ents ofJ ,,1 A . G)rne"G ,,1 B . ,elbQ)fG ,,1 C .
Bra'8ell.
,,( . V2fcaton of 'e'or"1 renforce'ent of +stronc ca$act"1 &c.
,,( A . ,)fa"5s case. ,,( B . Bra'8ell on 'e'or" n +"$noss. ,,( C .
/e'or" of secondar" states reco2ered b" +"$noss.
+i,000viii-
,,3 . Ca$act" for attenton stren&t+ened and 8aste of ntell&ence
c+ec3ed b" s)&&eston. ,,3 A . 4orel5s 8arders. ,,3 B . Bra'8ell5s s)bDect1
&c.
,,+ . Renforce'ent of 8llC$o8er. Bac3'an5s e#$er'ent. Control o2er
n2ol)ntar" ')scles.
,,, . ()$$osed dan&er of loss of nde$endenceG +o8 a2odable. ,,, A .
LU&eos1 LUbea)lt1 &c.1 on s)bDect5s 8llC$o8er and s)&&ested cr'es.9
,,, B . Bra'8ell on t+e sa'e.
,,' . Infl)ence of s)&&eston on c+aracter. ,,' B. Vosn and ,)fo)r on
'oral refor's.
,,* . T"$es of fa)lts and relat2e $robablt" of +"$notc a'eloraton.
,,* A . Bo)rdon5s c)re of 'orbd Dealo)s".
,,) . 4a)lts fro' 8+c+ t+e errn& $erson does not desre to be free.
,,9 . /er&n& of +"$notc s)&&estblt" nto s)sce$tblt" to rel&o)s
nfl)ences.
,'0 . 6e +a2e t+)s re2e8ed t+at branc+ of +"$notc res)lts 8+c+
de2elo$ t+e ca$act" of t+e s)bl'nal self for or&anc rec)$eraton n t+e
slee$n& $+ase of $ersonalt". 6e ')st t)rn to t+e res)lts 8+c+ de2elo$ ts
ca$act" for selfClberaton n t+e sa'e $+aseJas s+o8n b" t+e e'er&ence
of s)$ernor'al $o8ers.
,'1 . Before e#$andn& t+s t+e'e I ')st ntrod)ce anot+er s)bDect
8+ose consderaton +as t+)s far been $ost$oned1 na'el"1 s$ontaneo)s
so'na'b)ls's.
,'( . T+ese slee$C8a3n& states for' a de2elo$'ent of drea'1 and s+o8
t+e 'ddleCle2el ele'ents of t+e s)bl'nal self o$eratn& )nc+ec3ed1 8t+
s)$ernor'al fac)ltes1 for t+e 'ost $art a'lessl" and nco+erentl"
e'$lo"ed.
,'3 . (lee$C8a3n& $arallels to &en)s. ,'3 A . Case of Rac+el Ba3er.
,'+ . (lee$C8a3n& sa&act" and or&anc $re2son. ,'+ A . Teste5s case
and references to ot+ers.
,', . TelFst+esa and tele$at+" n s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n&. ,', A .
,)fa"5s case. References to cases of ElNabet+ (E)rrell1 7ane Rder1 &c.
,'' . Transton fro' s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& to t+e trance of
$ossesson.9
,'* . T+s e2dence s+o8s )s t+at t+e s)$ernor'al $o8ers 8+c+ 8e
+a2e traced n eac+ of t+e $recedn& c+a$ters n t)rn $resent t+e'sel2es n
')c+ t+e sa'e fas+on n s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& states also. 6e ')st
no8 ret)rn to +"$nots'1 and as3 8+et+er t+ese $o8ers are also 'anfest n
slee$C8a3n& states e#$er'entall" nd)ced.
,') . %nd frst1 as to t+e s)$ernor'al nd)cton of +"$notc states. Can
+"$noss be tele$at+call" $rod)ced fro' a dstanceW E#$er'ents ofJ ,') A
. 7anet and Gbert. ,') B . -Urco)rt. ,') C . ,)sart. ,') D . ,)fa". ,') E .
Ot+er cases.
,'9 . If1 t+en1 a s)$ernor'al nfl)ence s e#ercsed fro' a dstance1 t
'a" $res)'abl" be e#ercsed fro' close at +and1 and 8e 'a" t+)s be better
able to anal"se ts tr)e nat)re. E#$er'ents n t+e tele$at+c $rod)cton of
local or&anc effects and n sient #iing n $ro#'t". ,'9 A . E#$er'ents
n t+e $rod)cton of local anFst+esa b" G)rne". ,'9 B . T+e sa'e1 b" /rs.
(d&8c3. ,'9 C . E#$er'ents n slent 8lln& b" Barrett1 -. (. T+o'$son1
&c.
,*0 . Possble $+"scal effl)ence as a +"$notc a&ent n $ro#'t"1
$er+a$s ndcated b" t+e occasonal sensatons acco'$an"n& 'es'erc
$asses.
+i,000i0-
,*1 . ()$ernor'al response of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect. 7apport, and
co'')nt" of sensaton 8t+ +"$notser. ,*1 A . Bra'8ell on rapport. ,*1
B . E#$er'ents n co'')nt" of sensaton b" G)rne". ,*1 C . T+e sa'e1
b" G)t+re.
,*( . Perce$ton of $ast sensaton or actonG retroco&nt2e telFst+esa.
,*( A . ,obbe5s cases. ,*( B . Case of Ellen ,a8son.
,*3 . Perce$ton of e#stn& facts o)t of sensor" ran&eG tele$at+" and
tra2elln& clar2o"ance1 &c.1 8t+ occasonal ele'ents of $reco&nton. ,*3
A . Professor and /rs. (d&8c35s e#$er'ents. ,*3 B . Case of 7ane.9 ,*3
C . Bac3'an5s e#$er'ents. ,*3 D . 4a+nestoc35s e#$er'ents. ,*3 E .
/aDor B)c3le"5s e#$er'ents. ,*3 F . Case of $redcton of res)lt of
o$eraton.
,*+ . 6e +a2e no8 traced o)t t+e second lne n 8+c+ +"$nots' s a
de2elo$'ent of t+e slee$n& $+ase of $ersonalt"Gt+e s)$ernor'al
$+eno'ena1 as contrasted 8t+ t+e t+era$e)tc. T+e c+a$ter '&+t +ere
concl)deG sa2e t+at t s felt t+at1 f +"$nots' be t+)s &eneralsed as an
a$$eal to t+e s)bl'nal self1 t+at a$$eal s+o)ld not be t+e 'ere a$$ana&e of
'edcal $ractce1 b)t s+o)ld be based for 'an3nd at lar&e )$on so'e dee$C
seated nstnct or fat+.
,*, . ()c+ fat+s or nstncts for' 8+at I +a2e called sc+e'es of selfC
s)&&eston9G8+c+ do1 n fact1 s+a$e t+e'sel2es for 'an at eac+ sta&e n
t)rn of +)'an $ro&ress. ,*, A . Cases of effcac" of c+ar's.
,*' . Transton fro' fetc+stc to $ol"t+estc conce$tons of c)re1 and
fro' $ol"t+es' to 'onot+es'G t+e soCcalled 'racles of Lo)rdes.9
,** . Transton fro' 'onot+es' to 'eta$+"scal abstractonG fat+C
+ealn&G C+rstan scenceG 'ndC+ealn&. Reasons for not +ere treatn& t+ese
fat+s n detal. T+e" are cr)de atte'$ts at a $ractcal realsaton of t+e
$rofo)nd conce$ton of t+e s)$eror realt" of 'nd o2er 'atter.
,*) . T+e 'racles of Lo)rdes19 on t+e ot+er +and1 de$end on a
co'$le# res)sctaton of antE)e 'et+ods of selfCs)&&eston. !o e2dence
for t+e a&enc" of t+e Vr&n /ar"1 or t+at t+e c)res belon& to a dfferent
cate&or" fro' +"$notc c)res. ,*) A . T+e Lo)rdes le&end.
,*9 . T+e Lo)rdes le&end ')st needs be f)ll" dsc)ssed1 snce t s
'$ortant to clear a8a" all t+at 8e can of s)$erstton and del)son fro' t+e
essental tr)t+ t+at t s $ossble b" a r&+t ds$oston of o)r o8n 'nds to
dra8 ener&" fro' an en2ronn& 8orld of s$rt)al lfe. T+e $ractcal res)lt
of +"$notc artfce +as been to stren&t+en n )s t+at ntell&ent central force
8+c+ &)des or&anc 'etabols' to )sef)l ends.
,)0 . I can conce2e t+at force n no ot+er 8a" t+an b" sa"n& t+at 'an
s a s$rt1 controlln& an or&ans' rre&)larl" and 2arabl"1 and controlln&
'ore nt'atel" t+ose dee$er strata 8+c+ +"$notc s)&&eston reac+es.
,)1 . T+)s n +"$notc or trance states t+e s$rt can 'ore easl" et+er
modi$y t+e or&ans'1 8t+ selfCsanat2e res)lts1 or $artall" quit t+e
or&ans'1 8t+ telFst+etc res)lts.
,)( . T+e lfe of t+e or&ans' de$ends on a $er$et)al and 2ar"n&
ndraft fro' t+e cos'c ener&"1 and t+ere 8ll be effect2e t+era$e)tcal or
et+cal selfCs)&&eston 8+ene2er b" an" artfce s)bl'nal attenton to a
bodl" f)ncton or to a 'oral $)r$ose s carred to so'e )n3no8n $tc+ of
ntenst" 8+c+ dra8s fres+ ener&" fro' t+e 'etet+eral 8orld.
,)3 . 6e cannot at $resent defne t+e for' of fat+ 8+c+ 'a" be 'ost
effect2e n t+s llaton of s$rt)al stren&t+ and &race. Yet 8e 'a" at once
+i,0- realse t+at o)r 'ost co'$re+ens2e d)t"1 n t+s or ot+er 8orlds1 s
ntenst" of s$rt)al lfeGna"1 t+at o)r o8n s$rts are $art and $arcel of
t+e )lt'ate 2talsn& Po8er.
CHAPTER VI
SENSORY AUTOMATISM
'00 . ()''ar" of $recedn& c+a$ters. 6+le 2aro)s 3nds of
'anfestatons of t+e ()bl'nal (elf are dsnte&rat2e or 'orbd n
c+aracter1 8e fnd n eac+ class ndcatons of +&+er fac)ltes and of an
e2ol)t2e $otenc". T+e con2er&n& lnes of e2dence lead to t+e conce$ton
of t+e s)bl'nal (elf as t+e $rnc$al1 dee$est1 and 'ost $er'anent ele'ent
of t+e (elfG alt+o)&+ ')c+ t+at s nco+erent or o)t8orn s also s)bl'nal
'01 . T+e dstnct2e s)bl'nal fac)lt" of Tele$at+" or TelFst+esa s
e'anc$ated fro' t+e ordnar" l'tatons of or&anc lfe1 and also $erssts
after or&anc deat+G t+)s s+o8n& a relaton bet8een t+e s)bl'nal and t+e
s)r22n& self. %ll s)bl'nal acton 'a" be called Automatism and
re&arded )nder t+e for' of messages con2e"n& nfor'aton fro' t+e
s)bl'nal to t+e s)$ral'nal self1 n et+er a sensor" or a 'otor for'.
'0( . ()$ral'nal lfe s +ere re&arded as a s$ecal or $r2le&ed case of
t+e 8+ole $ersonalt"1 and conseE)entl" eac+ ordnar" fac)lt" or sense 8ll
a$$ear as a s$ecal case of so'e 'ore &eneral $o8er1 to8ards 8+c+ ts
e2ol)ton 'a" be tendn&. Eac+ sense s &enerall" s)$$osed to obtan fres+
nfor'aton onl" t+ro)&+ ts o8n endCor&an1 b)t t 8ll a$$ear t+at ne8 and
tr)e $erce$tons are also &enerated n t+e bran.
'03 . Vest&es of t+e $r't2e )ndfferentated senst2t" $ersst n t+e
for' of synsthesi, e.g. 8+en t+e +earn& of an e#ternal so)nd carres 8t+
t1 b" so'e arbtrar" assocaton of deas1 t+e seen& of so'e for' or colo)r.
T+ese $+eno'ena are a$$arentl" entencephaic. '03 A . 4lo)rno"5s case.
'03 B . Gr)ber5s case.
'0+ . T+e s)ccess2e sta&es leadn& fro' t+ese entence$+alc $erce$ts
to8ards ordnar" 2son areJ Ento$tc '$ressons d)e to 'ec+ancal st')l
of t+e o$tc ner2e or e"e.
'0, . %fterC'a&esJ t+e retnal seE)elF of ordnar" 2son.
'0' . Ordnar" e#ternal 2son.
'0* . T+e f)rt+er sta&es fro' entence$+alc 2son to8ards t+e 'ore
nternal for's areJ /e'or"C'a&esG et+er cerebral seE)elF of e#ternal
2son1 or a $s"c+cal rearran&e'ent of t+ese. '0* A . 4lo)rne" on 'e'or"C
'a&es.
'0) . ,rea's1 'ostl" consstn& of conf)sed 'e'or"C'a&es.
'09 . I'a&natonC'a&es1 $s"c+cal rearran&e'ents of 2s)al 'a&er".
'10 . %ll t+ese for's of nternal 2son lead )$ to t+e 'ost co'$letel"
de2elo$ed for'1 2N.1 +all)cnatons. '10 A . /rs. Verrall on 2s)alsaton.
'11 . % +all)cnaton s an ntensfed nternal 2son1 a case of central
+"$erFst+esa. T+e fac)lt" of nternal 2son 2ares n dfferent $ersons1 and
onl" rarel" attans to +all)cnaton. -all)cnatons so'et'es arse fro'
8ellC3no8n 'orbd ca)ses1 b)t t+ose 8+c+ occ)r n nor'al condtons are
'ore nstr)ct2e1 ben& a$$arentl" s$ontaneo)s 'odfcatons of central
$erce$ts.
+i,0i-
'1( . T+e $o$)lar ass)'$ton t+at a +all)cnaton 8as $roof of so'e
'orbd condton 8as s+o8n to be 8t+o)t fo)ndaton b" G)rne"5s statstcs
of +all)cnatons occ)rrn& to $ersons n &ood +ealt+1 free fro' an#et"1
and co'$letel" a8a3e.9 T+ro)&+ t+e n2est&aton ntated b" G)rne" and
res)'ed later b" a Co''ttee of t+e (.P.R.1 a far lar&er collecton1 and one
'ore co'$letel" re$resentat2e of all classes of +all)cnatons t+an +ad e2er
e#sted before1 8as for'ed. It s+o8ed t+at for t+e 'aDort" of
+all)cnatons1 as for t+e &reat 'aDort" of drea's1 no s$ecal e#$lanaton
(et+er $+"solo&cal or s)$ernor'al) can be offered. In 'ost of t+e
concdent cases1 t+e e2ents concdn& 8t+ t+e +all)cnatons 8ere
)n3no8n to t+e $erc$ents at t+e t'e. '1( A . ()''ar" of t+e Re$ort on
t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons.9
'13 . T+ese 2erdcal +all)cnatons afford e2dence of a de2elo$'ent of
fres+ fac)lt". T+e )s)al confor't" of 2s)al +all)cnatons to o$tcal la8s
s t+e res)lt of selfCs)&&estonG t+s s tr)e of 2erdcal as of falsdcal
+all)cnatons.
'1+ . B)t n t+at case1 s t+e a$$arent s$atal relaton bet8een $erc$ent
and $erce$t d)e onl" to selfCs)&&estonW Or s t not $ossble t+at real s$atal
relatons 'a" stll e#st n $erce$ts8+et+er of e'boded or of
dse'boded $erc$ents8+c+ +a2e not+n& to do 8t+ t+e senseCor&ansW
'1, . If so1 2erdcal 'ental 2sons 'a" s"'bolcall" re$resent 'ateral
obDects fro' a $ont of 2e8 o)tsde t+e bodl" or&ans' of t+e $erc$ent1
and n t+e $lace to 8+c+ +e 'a&nes +'self to +a2e tra2elled. T+s
e0cursive t+eor" 'a" be a$$led to 'an" tele$at+c and to all telFst+etc
cases. % corollar" to t 8o)ld be t+e $ossble $erce$ton of t+e $erc$ent1 n
t+e $lace 8+ere +e 'a&nes +'self to be1 b" ot+er $ersons act)all" $resent
t+ere.
'1' . /ental 2sons can be controlledG e.g. t+e 'ost effect2e 'eans of
c+ec3n& 'orbd and +ar'f)l +all)cnatons s t+e nfl)ence of +"$notc
s)&&eston on t+e s)b'er&ed 'ental strata.
'1* . %not+er nstance of control s t+e $rod)cton of +ar'less
+all)cnatons b" +"$notc s)&&eston. T+s dffers fro' ordnar"
s)&&eston1 n 8+c+ onl" t+e ordnar" $o8ers of t+e s)bDect are bro)&+t
nto $la"1 snce t n2ol2es at least a &reat ncrease n +s ordnar"
2s)alsn& $o8er1 and for's anot+er e#a'$le of +"$notc e2ocatons of
fres+ fac)lt"1 s)c+ as 8ere &2en n C+a$ter V. T+e $resent cases are
st')latons of central sensor" tracts. T+e s)bl'nal for'aton of t+ese
co'$le# centrall" ntated 'a&es s fostered b" t+e s)&&eston 8+c+ also
$roDects t+e' nto t+e ordnar" consco)sness.
'1) . -all)cnatons1 t+en1 +a2e no necessar" connecton 8t+ dsease1
t+o)&+ t+e" 'a" often acco'$an" t1 snce t+e central sensor" tracts are of
co)rse ca$able of 'orbd as 8ell as of +ealt+f)l st')l)s. T+e t+era$e)tc
st)d" of +all)cnatons nat)rall" $receded t+er $s"c+olo&cal st)d"G b)t n
t+e ne8er $ractcal st)d" of eugenicst+e st)d" 8+c+ a's at '$ro2n&
t+e +)'an or&ans'1 nstead of 'erel" conser2n& te#$er'ental
$s"c+olo&" s nds$ensable1 and one branc+ of t+s s t+e e#$er'ental
st)d" of 'ental 2sons.
'19 . 4or t+s $)r$ose t 8o)ld be con2enent to ds$ense 8t+ e#ternal
s)&&eston1 and confne o)r attenton to t+e 'nd of t+e $erc$ent. T+ere
are alread" n ordnar" lfe ndcatons of so'e fac)lt" of $roDectn&
s)$ral'nall" 2s)al 'a&es a$$arentl" 'at)red else8+ereG e.g. n drea's1
'e'or"C'a&es1 iusions hypnagogiques.
'(0 . Cr"stalC2son affords a s'$le e'$rcal 'et+od of fndn& t+e
correlaton +i,0ii- bet8een all t+ese t"$es of nternal 2son1 b" facltatn&
n t+e seers t+e e#ternalsaton of s)bl'nal conce$ts or deas. '(0 A .
RUs)'U of +stor" of cr"stalC&aNn&.
'(1 . -"$notsaton1 8+c+ s so'et'es nd)ced b" $rolon&ed &aNn&1
'a" occ)r n cr"stalC&aNn& and facltate +all)cnaton. %nd t+e 2sons are
so'et'es deter'ned b" points de rep=re.
'(( . B)t cr"stalC2sons &enerall" occ)r 8t+o)t +"$notsaton1 and
de2elo$ n a 8a" nde$endent of points de rep=re.
'(3 . Cr"stalC&aNn& s a +ar'less e'$rcal 'et+od of de2elo$n&
nternal 2son. E#$er'ents +a2e been tred to test f t+e 2sons follo8
o$tcal la8s1 nde$endentl" of s)&&estonGand s+o)ld be tred a&an. '(3
A . ,sc)sson of o$tcal effects n +all)cnatons.
'(+ . % +"$notsed $erson 'a" be 'ade to see 2sons on 8a3n& fro'
t+e trance1 and1 as n t+e cases E)oted n t+e %$$end#1 t+e seer1 +a2n&
for&otten t+e s)&&eston1 'a" be )na8are of t+e or&n of t+e $ct)res and
)nable to e#$lan 8+at t+er s)bDect or 'eann& s. '(+ A . PostC+"$notc
cr"stal 2sons recorded b" t+e $resent 8rter.
'(, . T+ese e#$er'ents ll)strate t+e transton bet8een $ostC+"$notc
+all)cnatons and cr"stalC2sons1 and afford f)rt+er e2dence of t+e
&en)ne occ)rrence of t+e latter. Cr"stalC2sons ofJ '(, A . /rs. VerrallG
'(, B . /ss Goodrc+C4reerG '(, C ./ss %.9G '(, D . /ss %n&)s.9
'(' . T+ese are reall" nstances of t+e control of n8ard 2sonG alt+o)&+
at frst s&+t a$$earn& la8less and arbtrar"1a rando' '#t)re of nor'al
and s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e 8t+ 'ere 'a&naton.
'(* . Ind)ced cr"stalC2sons ll)strate t+e 2aro)s t"$es of s$ontaneo)s
sensor" a)to'ats'G and t+eseto +a2e an" obDect2e 2aldt"')st
re$resent 3no8led&e s)$ernor'all" acE)red1 or drect co'')ncaton
bet8een t+e s)bl'nal strata of t8o 'nds1t+at s1 tele$at+".
'() . Tele$at+" ')st e#st f an" dse'boded ntell&ences e#st. On t+e
$rnc$le of contn)t"1 e2ol)ton fro' t+e lo8er carres 8t+ t a
$res)'$ton of de2elo$'ent nto t+e +&+er. Con2ersel"1 t+e ancent belef
n t+e $ossblt" of tele$at+c co'')ncaton 8t+ +&+er 'nds1 as n
$ra"er1 '&+t 8ell +a2e s)&&ested t+at s)c+ co'')ncaton 8as $ossble
bet8een 'nds on t+e sa'e le2el. T+s noton +as occ)rred fro' t'e to
t'e to $+loso$+c t+n3ers1 b)t +as onl" recentl" been s"ste'atsed b"
act)al e#$er'ent.
'(9 . T+e o$eraton of tele$at+" s $robabl" constant and farCreac+n&1
and nter'n&led 8t+ ordnar" 'odes of acE)rn& 3no8led&e. B)t snce
8e 3no8 not+n& of ts 'et+od of acton1 8e can onl" s$ecfcall" $ost)late
t 8+en all ot+er 3no8n ca)ses are e#cl)ded. T+e best e#$er'ental
e2dence s 8+ere t+e deas to be transferred are tr2al1 and de2od of all
assocaton or e'oton.
'30 . %n acco)nt of t+e +stor" and de2elo$'ent of t+s for' of
e#$er'entaton1 and t+e 2ared "et concordant res)lts obtaned1 8as &2en
b" G)rne" n *AAB n &hantasms o$ the .iving, and so'e $art of t+s +stor"
s re$rod)ced n o)r %$$endces1 8t+ e#a'$les of t+e addtonal e2dence
rece2ed snce as to e#$er'ental t+o)&+tCtransference n t+e nor'al state.
'30 A . !ote on !)'berC+abts.9 E#$er'ents 8t+ a&ent and $erc$ent n
t+e sa'e roo' b"J '30 B . /r. G)t+reG '30 C . /r. Ra8son. E#$er'ents
8t+ a&ent and $erc$ent at a dstance fro' one anot+er b"J '30 D . /r.
Rr3G '30 E . /r. GlardonG '30 F . ,r. and /rs. (.G '30 G . /ss ,es$ard.
+i,0iii-
'31 . T+)s tele$at+" 'a" $rod)ce defntel" sensor"1 or 2a&)e1 or
deatonal '$ressonsG t 'a" so'et'es be asssted b" +"$notsatonG and
8e fnd a contn)o)s transton fro' e#$er'ental to s$ontaneo)s tele$at+".
T+e a$$arentl" fa2o)rable effect of $ro#'t" 'a" be d)e to selfCs)&&eston
alone.
'3( . 6e cannot as "et co''and s)ccess n t+e e#$er'entsG(a) t+e
dea to be transferred 'a" not reac+ t+e $erc$ent5s 'ndG or (b) f t does1 t
'a" be $re2ented fro' e'er&n& nto +s ordnar" consco)sness. It +as
been s)&&ested t+at tele$at+" s $ro$a&ated b" branC8a2es19 t+at s1 b"
et+er 8a2es $assn& fro' bran to bran.
'33 . B)t t+s s)&&eston rests on 2er" s)$erfcal analo&es1 snce t+e
'ental 'a&es of a&ent and $erc$ent are &enerall" dss'lar1 t+e
$erc$ent &reatl" 'odf"n& t+e '$resson before e#ternalsn& t.
'3+ . !or does t 'eet cases of collect2e $erc$ence1 or of 2ar"n&
t'eCrelaton1 or of tele$at+" fro' dscarnate s$rts. 6e can at $resent sa"
lttle 'ore n t+e 8a" of e#$lanaton t+an t+at Lfe +as t+e $o8er of
'anfestn& tself to Lfe. ()c+ 'anfestaton 'a" n2ol2e t+e lo8er
an'als also. '3+ A . Case of an'al a$$artonJ /rs. Ba&ot.
'3, . -"$ot+ess of a $ossble 'ode of $s"c+cal nteractonJ a
$s"c+cal n2ason9 b" t+e a&ent1 creatn& a $+antas'o&enetc centre9 n
t+e $lace n2adedG t+e s$rt of t+e a&ent ben& act)all" transferred to t+e
dstant scene1 8+c+ t $erce2es1 b)t 'a" or 'a" not re'e'berG 8+le ts
$resence 'a" or 'a" not be $erce2ed b" t+e $ersons 'aterall" $resent n
t+e scene.
'3' . /ere tele$at+" 'a" e#$lan an a$$arton concdn& 8t+ t+e
deat+ of t+e $erson seenG b)t t+e +"$ot+ess of $s"c+cal n2ason9 see's
to a$$l" better to (*) collect2e casesG (.) tele$at+c clar2o"anceG (;)
rec$rocal cases.
'3* . T+e ncreased e2dence for co'')ncatons fro' t+e dead ')st
affect o)r 2e8 of tele$at+"G as 'a" also t+e ncreasn& e2dence for
$reco&ntonG and t+eorsn& ')st s'$l" follo8 t+e e2dence.
'3) . T+e $resent t+eor" starts fro' t+e conce$ton t+at dfferent
se&'ents of t+e $ersonalt" can o$erate nde$endentl" of and )n3no8n to
eac+ ot+er1 and so'et'es a$art fro' t+e or&ans'G (t+s latter s '$led n
t+e ass)'$ton of tele$at+"1stll 'ore n t+at of s)r22al). T+ro)&+
+"$nots' t+e frst '$ortant ste$ +as been $ro2ed $ossble1 na'el"1 t+e
nde$endent o$eraton of dfferent se&'ents1 8t+ se$arate strea's of
'e'or" and consco)sness1 all 8or3n& t+ro)&+ t+e sa'e or&ans'.
'39 . Bet8een t+ese 'nor dssocatons e#$ressn& t+e'sel2es t+ro)&+
t+e bran and t+e co'$lete dssocaton fro' t+e bran tself occ)rrn& at
deat+ co'e t+e a$$arentl" nter'edate cases of s$rt)al act2t" at a
dstance d)rn& t+e co'atose condton so'et'es $recedn& deat+.
'+0 . T+e cases no8 to be consdered are re&arded as co'n& 8t+n t+e
for')la ,ssocaton of $ersonalt"1 co'bned 8t+ act2t" n t+e
'etet+eral en2ron'ent9G and t+e 8ord s$rt9 s +ere )sed to 'ean t+at
ele'ent of t+e $ersonalt" 8+c+ o$erates1 before or after deat+1 n t+s
en2ron'ent.
'+1 . -all)cnatons1 +o8e2er1 8ere s+o8n b" G)rne"5s Cens)s to be
too freE)ent to +a2e an" e2dental force a$art fro' so'e corres$ondence
8t+ e#ternal e2ents. T+e" can easl" be $rod)ced b" +"$notc s)&&eston1
and t+e $erc$ent5s s)bDect2e '$resson as to t+er 2aldt" s at best a 2er"
do)btf)l crteron.
'+( . T+e onl" 2ald e2dence1 t+en1 for 2erdcalt" de$ends on a
concdence 8t+ so'e e#ternal e2ent. T+)s a$$artons of t+e d"n& s+o8
primF +i,0iv- $acie a ca)sal connecton bet8een a$$arton and deat+ )nless
t+e concdence can be attrb)ted to c+ance. T+e E)estons of e2dence and
c+ance concdence 8ere dealt 8t+ f)ll" bot+ b" G)rne" and n t+e Re$ort
of t+e later Cens)s1 8t+ t+e concl)son t+at t+ese concdences co)ld not be
d)e to c+ance alone. '+( A . G)rne"5s &eneral crtcs' of t+e e2dence for
tele$at+". '+( B . Conte'$orar" doc)'entar" e2dence1 8t+ references to
so'e cases s)$$orted b" s)c+ e2dence. '+( C . -all)cnatons and
ll)sons of 'e'or"J Ro"ce and Pars+ on $se)doC$resent'ents9G re$les
b" G)rne" and -od&son.
'+3 . Concdental +all)cnatons +a2e been classfed fro' dfferent
$onts of 2e8 accordn& to (a) t+e e#ternal e2ent to 8+c+ t+e" corres$ondG
(b) t+e condton1 8a3n& or slee$n&1 of t+e $erc$entG (c) t+e sense
affectedG (d) t+e collect2t"1 or ot+er8se1 of t+e $erce$ton. 6e ta3e +ere
as t+e bass of o)r sc+e'e of classfcaton t+e conce$ton of psychica
invasion b" t+e a&ent.
'++ . 6e be&n 8t+ cases 8+ere t+e acton of t+e n2ader s of t+e
8ea3est 3nd1 so as to be +ardl"1 f at all1 e2dentalG e.g., case of Col. B&&e
seen& $+antas' of Col. Reed s+ortl" before +s act)al arr2al. In arr2al
cases9 t+e a&ent s $robabl" 'a&nn& +'self n t+e $lace 8+ere +e s seen.
'+, . In ot+er cases t+ere s no ob2o)s ln3 8t+ t+e $laceG b)t t+e
$+antas' s $robabl" 2erdcal f seen et+er re$eatedl" b" dfferent $ersons1
or collect2el"G e.g. re$eated a$$artons of /rs. -a83nsG and t+e e2dence
s stll stron&er 8+en t+e a$$artons are bot+ re$eated and collect2e. Cases
ofJ '+, A . /r. 6lla's. '+, B . /rs. (tone. '+, C . /rs. Bea)'ont. '+,
D . Canon Bo)rne. '+, E . /ss /a)&+an.
'+' . In so'e cases1 t+e $erc$ence s 'erel" collect2e1 not re$eated1
and concdes 8t+ no crssG e.g. a$$arton of /ss E. seen b" +er t8o
ssters.
'+* . %$$arton of /rs. -all seen b" +erself and t+ree ot+er $ersons.
'+) . Collect2e $erc$ence +as so'et'es been e#$laned b" tele$at+"1
b)t s +ere attrb)ted to $s"c+cal n2ason b" t+e a&entG snce n so'e cases
t+ere s no ln3 bet8een +' and an" of t+e $erc$ents. 4)rt+er1 t+e
freE)ent absence of an" crss on +s $art s)&&ests a s$ecal faclt" of
$s"c+cal dssocatons of a 3nd to 'a3e +s $+anto' 2sble. T+e s)$$osed
dos"ncras" s +ere called t+e $s"c+orr+a&c dat+ess.9
'+9 . Canon Bo)rne5s case 'a" be re&arded as an nstance. T+e sa'e
dos"ncras" 'a" e#st n dscarnate s$rts1 t+)s ca)sn& +a)nts.9
',0 . T+s +"$ot+ess of a nonC'ateral effect $rod)ced on s$ace s
s)$$orted b" cases n 8+c+ t+e $+antas' s $erce2ednot b" t+e $erson
a$$arentl" 'ost a$$ro$rate as $erc$ent1 b)t b" so'e co'$arat2el"
)nnterested $erson $resent 8t+ +'1 8+o +a$$ens to $ossess &reater
senst2t"G e.g. case of /rs. Reddell.
',1 . T8o ot+er cases of t+e sa'e 3nd are t+ose of /rs. Cler3e1 and
',1 A . /r. Bro8n.
',( . T+e ne#t sta&e of $s"c+cal n2ason conssts of cases 8+ere t+e
a&ent s seen n a $lace 8+ere +e s $robabl" 'a&nn& +'self to be at t+e
t'e. % fe8 cases of $reco&ntons of ntended s)cde are es$ecall" stron&
e2dence of t+sG e.g. case of /rs. /c%l$ne.
',3 . %s alread" 'entoned1 $+antas's seen D)st before arr2al are of t+e
sa'e t"$eG e.g. case of /r. Carroll.
',+ . %n" accessores to t+e $ct)re (carra&es1 +orses1 &c.) are 'erel"
$arts of t+e s)bl'nal drea' or scene 'a&ned and $roDected b" t+e a&ent.
Cases ofJ ',+ A . /r. /o)ntford. ',+ B . /aDor 6.
+i,0v-
',, . T+e s)$$osed s$aceC'odfcaton 'a" ta3e t+e for' of a
$+antas'al 2oce (not +eard aco)stcall")1 nstead of a f&)reG e.g. case of
/r. (te2enson. ',, A . Case of /r. 4r"er.
',' . Ot+er arr2al cases9 and cases 8+ere contents of letters D)st
arr2ed are dscerned1 as f 'ere 2cnt" aded clar2o"ant $erce$ton1 $ont
to so'e s$atal relaton. Cases ofJ ',' A . /ss R. ',' B . ,r. -ol'es.
',* . 6e co'e ne#t to cases 8+ere t+e s)$$osed $s"c+cal n2ader or
a&ent +'self s)$ernor'all" acE)res nfor'aton. T+s 'a" be done
t+ro)&+ (a) +"$erFst+esa1 (b) cr"stalC&aNn& or s+ellC+earn&1 (c) tele$at+"1
leadn& to telFst+esa1 (d) telFst+etc drea's or 2sonsG n all of 8+c+ t+e
$erc$ent often +as t+e '$resson of tra2elln& to t+e dstant scene.
',) . T+e constt)tonal +abts of t+e bran 8o)ld ds$ose t+e $erce$ton
to ta3e a sensor" for'1 b)t t s often s"'bolc1 s+o8n& $s"c+cal s+a$n&
of t+e $erce$t.
',9 . ()c+ s"'bols' s no $roof of an" 'ental a&enc" be"ond o)r
o8n1 snce all o)r $erce$ts are )lt'atel" s"'bolc1 or ndrectl"
re$resentat2e of e#ternal realtes. To ncarnate s$rts t+e 'ateral 8orld
see's t+e easest to $erce2e1 and conseE)entl" ''ateral $erce$ts are a$t
to ass)'e a 'ateral s"'bols'. 4or dscarnate s$rts t+s $oston 'a" be
re2ersed.
''0 . T+ere 'a" be a contn)o)s transton bet8een s)$ernor'al
$erce$tons of deas and of 'atter. In tra2elln& clar2o"ance t+ere see' to
be all for's of s)$ernor'al fac)lt"1 and a $o8er of $erce2n& obDects or
e2ents dstant et+er n s$ace or t'e1 and so'et'es 8t+ no ass&nable ln3
8t+ an" l2n& $erson.
''1 . Cases of t+s 3nd occ)r 'ore often n drea's t+an n 8a3n&
+all)cnatonsG e.g. case of ,r. . In 'an" of t+ese cases t+ere s no clear
ndcaton of an a&entG t+e" s)&&est rat+er an act2e '$)lse on t+e $art of
t+e $erc$ent. T+e scene $erce2ed 'a" or 'a" not be of s$ecal nterest to
+'.
''( . (o'et'es a scene 'a" be dscerned as n cr"stal 2sonG e.g., n
cases ofJ ''( A . /r. Re)le'ans. ''( B . /r. Gottsc+al3. ''( C . /r.
(earle. ''( D . /rs. Ta)nton.
''3 . Clar2o"ant 2sons re$resentn& a $ast scene (e.g. case of /rs.
PaE)et) s)&&est et+er latenc" of t+e '$resson1 or'ore stron&l"a
sense of t'eCrelatons dfferent fro' t+e ordnar". T+e latter conce$ton s
s)&&ested also b" cases of premonition. ''3 A . Case of ,r. 6ltse.
References to -)ln5s cases and to Er'acora5s t+eor" of $re'onton.
''+ . T+e ne#t case (t+at of /r. ,"ne) s)&&ests "et anot+er e#$lanaton
a $ct)re of ts last scenes on eart+ '$ressed b" a s$rt on a s)r22n&
frend.
'', . !e#t co'e cases 8+ere t+ere 8as $robabl" so'e real $roDecton of
8ll or desre b" t+e a&entCn2ader1 8+o (+'self retann& no 'e'or" of
+s e#c)rson) s seen b" t+e $erc$ent n +s o8n 2cnt"G e.g. t+e case of
/rs. El&ee and /rs. Ra'sa"1 8+c+1 ben& collect2e1 s$ecall" s)&&ests
n2ason b" t+e a&ent. Cases ofJ '', A . /r. Rearne. '', B . /r. Lod&e.
'', C . /r. ,c3nson.
''' . % stll f)rt+er sta&e s reac+ed 8+en t+e a&ent $erce2es and
re'e'bers t+e scene 8+c+ +e +as been $erce2ed to n2adeG i.e. n
rec$rocal9 cases. Cases ofJ ''' A . /rs. Par3er. ''' B . /rs. (. ''' C .
/r. 6l'ot.
''* . Pre'at)re f)lfl'ents of deat+Cco'$acts19 8+en t+e a&ent s seen
at t+e t'e of so'e dan&ero)s b)t not fatal accdent. Cases ofJ ''* A . /ss
R. ''* B . Co''ander %"lesb)r".
+i,0vi-
'') . %$$artons $rod)ced e#$er'entall"G t+at s1 8+en t+e a&ent s
$erce2ed at a t'e 8+en +e s stron&l" 8lln& to a$$ear1 t+o)&+ +e 'a" not
+'self 3no8 of +s s)ccessG e.g. case of /r. (. -. B. Cases ofJ '') A . /r.
Godfre". '') B . /r. Rr3. '') C . ,r. G. '') D . /ss /a)&+an. '') E .
/ss ,an2ers.9 '') F . /r. (nclar. '') G . Co)ncllor 6eser'ann.
''9 . E#$er'ents s+o)ld be tred as to 8+et+er selfC$roDecton co)ld not
be facltated b" +"$notc s)&&eston. %lso t+e a&ent '&+t be 'ade to
recall +s 2st b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
'*0 . T+ese selfC$roDectons re$resent t+e 'ost e#traordnar"
ac+e2e'ents of t+e +)'an 8ll1 and are $er+a$s acts 8+c+ a 'an '&+t
$erfor' eE)all" 8ell before and after deat+.
+i,G-
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
/aor a&t de)s1 atE)e o$era n 'aora re'ttt .
VIRGIL.
100 . In t+e lon& stor" of 'an5s endea2o)rs to )nderstand +s o8n
en2ron'ent and to &o2ern +s o8n fates1 t+ere s one &a$ or o'sson so
sn&)lar t+at1 +o8e2er 8e 'a" after8ards contr2e to e#$lan t+e fact1 ts
s'$le state'ent +as t+e ar of a $arado#. Yet t s strctl" tr)e to sa" t+at
'an +as ne2er "et a$$led to t+e $roble's 8+c+ 'ost $rofo)ndl" concern
+' t+ose 'et+ods of nE)r" 8+c+ n attac3n& all ot+er $roble's +e +as
fo)nd t+e 'ost effcaco)s.
T+e E)eston for 'an 'ost 'o'ento)s of all s 8+et+er or no +e +as an
''ortal so)lG orto a2od t+e 8ord immorta, 8+c+ belon&s to t+e real'
of nfntes8+et+er or no +s $ersonalt" n2ol2es an" ele'ent 8+c+ can
s)r22e bodl" deat+. In t+s drecton +a2e al8a"s lan t+e &ra2est fears1 t+e
fart+estCreac+n& +o$es1 8+c+ co)ld et+er o$$ress or st')late 'ortal
'nds.
On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e 'et+od 8+c+ o)r race +as fo)nd 'ost effect2e
n acE)rn& 3no8led&e s b" t+s t'e fa'lar to all 'en. It s t+e 'et+od
of 'odern (cencet+at $rocess 8+c+ conssts n an nterro&aton of
!at)re entrel" ds$assonate1 $atent1 s"ste'atcG s)c+ caref)l e#$er'ent
and c)')lat2e record as can often elct fro' +er sl&+test ndcatons +er
dee$est tr)t+s. T+at 'et+od s no8 do'nant t+ro)&+o)t t+e c2lsed 8orldG
and alt+o)&+ n 'an" drectons e#$er'ents 'a" be dffc)lt and d)bo)s1
facts rare and el)s2e1 (cence 8or3s slo8l" on and bdes +er t'e1
ref)sn& to fall bac3 )$on tradton or to la)nc+ nto s$ec)laton1 'erel"
beca)se strat s t+e &ate 8+c+ leads to 2ald dsco2er"1 nds$)table tr)t+.
I sa"1 t+en1 t+at t+s 'et+od +as ne2er "et been a$$led to t+e allC
'$ortant $roble' of t+e e#stence1 t+e $o8ers1 t+e destn" of t+e +)'an
so)l.
101 . !or s t+s stran&e o'sson d)e to an" &eneral belef t+at t+e
$roble' s n ts nat)re nca$able of sol)ton b" an" obser2aton 8+ate2er
8+c+ 'an3nd co)ld 'a3e. T+at resol)tel" a&nostc 2e8I 'a" al'ost
sa" t+at scentfc s)$erstton ignoramus et ignorabimus s no do)bt
+eld at t+e $resent date b" 'an" learned 'nds. B)t t +as ne2er been +i,H-
t+e creed1 nor s t no8 t+e creed1 of t+e +)'an race &enerall". In 'ost
c2lsed co)ntres t+ere +as been for nearl" t8o t+o)sand "ears a dstnct
belef t+at s)r22al +as act)all" been $ro2ed b" certan $+eno'ena obser2ed
at a &2en date n Palestne. %nd be"ond t+e C+rstan $ale8+et+er
t+ro)&+ reason1 nstnct1 or s)$ersttont +as e2er been co''onl" +eld
t+at &+ostl" $+eno'ena of one 3nd or anot+er e#st to testf" to a lfe
be"ond t+e lfe 8e 3no8.
B)t1 ne2ert+eless1 net+er t+ose 8+o bele2e on 2a&)e &ro)nds nor t+ose
8+o bele2e on defnte &ro)nds t+at t+e E)eston '&+t $ossbl" be sol2ed1
or +as act)all" been sol2ed1 b" +)'an obser2aton of obDect2e facts1 +a2e
+t+erto 'ade an" sero)s atte'$t to connect and correlate t+at belef 8t+
t+e &eneral sc+e'e of belef for 8+c+ (cence alread" 2o)c+es. T+e" +a2e
not so)&+t for fres+ corroborat2e nstances1 for analo&es1 for e#$lanatonsG
rat+er t+e" +a2e 3e$t t+er con2ctons on t+ese f)nda'ental 'atters n a
se$arate and sealed co'$art'ent of t+er 'nds1 a co'$art'ent consecrated
to rel&on or to s)$erstton1 b)t not to obser2aton or to e#$er'ent.
It s '" obDect n t+e $resent 8or3as t +as fro' t+e frst been t+e
obDect of t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+1 on 8+ose be+alf 'ost of t+e
e2dence +ere set fort+ +as been collected1to do 8+at can be done to brea3
do8n t+at artfcal 8all of de'arcaton 8+c+ +as t+)s far e#cl)ded fro'
scentfc treat'ent $recsel" t+e $roble's 8+c+ stand n 'ost need of all
t+e ads to dsco2er" 8+c+ s)c+ treat'ent can afford.
Yet let 'e frst e#$lan t+at b" t+e 8ord scentfc9 I s&nf" an
a)t+ort" to 8+c+ I s)b't '"selfnot a standard 8+c+ I cla' to attan.
%n" scence of 8+c+ I can +ere s$ea3 as $ossble ')st be a nascent scence
not s)c+ as one of t+ose 2ast s"ste's of connected 3no8led&e 8+c+
t+o)sands of e#$erts no8 steadl" $)s+ for8ard n laboratores n e2er" land
b)t s)c+ as eac+ one of t+ose &reat scences 8as n ts d' and $oor
be&nnn&1 8+en a fe8 'on3s &ro$ed a'on& t+e $ro$ertes of t+e noble
'etals19 or a fe8 C+aldean s+e$+erds o)t8atc+ed t+e settn& stars.
6+at I a' able to nsst )$on s t+e 'ere (ocratc r)d'ent of t+ese
or&ans's of e#act t+o)&+tt+e frst a#o'atc $reCreE)ste of an" 2ald
$ro&ress. /" one contenton s t+at n t+e dsc)sson of t+e dee$er $roble's
of 'an5s nat)re and destn" t+ere o)&+t to be e#actl" t+e sa'e o$enness of
'nd1 e#actl" t+e sa'e dl&ence n t+e searc+ for obDect2e e2dence of an"
3nd1 e#actl" t+e sa'e crtcal anal"ss of res)lts1 as s +abt)all" s+o8n1 for
nstance1 n t+e dsc)sson of t+e nat)re and destn" of t+e $lanet )$on
8+c+ 'an no8 'o2es.
Ob2o)s tr)s' alt+o)&+ t+s state'ent 'a" at frst see'1 t 8ll
$resentl" be fo)nd1 I t+n31 t+at t+ose 8+o s)bscrbe to t are n fact
co''ttn& t+e'sel2es to nE)res of a 8der and stran&er t"$e t+an an" to
8+c+ t+e" are acc)sto'edGare ste$$n& o)tsde certan narro8 l'ts +i,
I- 8t+n 8+c+1 b" ancent con2enton1 ds$)tants on et+er sde of t+ese
E)estons are co''onl" confned.
10( . % bref recall to 'e'or" of certan fa'lar +storcal facts 8ll
ser2e to 'a3e '" 'eann& clearer. Let )s consder +o8 t +as co'e abo)t
t+at1 8+ereas t+e $roble' of 'an5s s)r22al of deat+ s b" 'ost $ersons
re&arded as a $roble' n ts nat)re sol)ble b" s)ffcent e2dence1 and
8+ereas to 'an" $ersons t+e tradtonal e2dence co''onl" add)ced
a$$ears ns)ffcent1ne2ert+eless no sero)s effort +as been 'ade on
et+er sde to dsco2er 8+et+er ot+er and 'ore recent e2dence can or
cannot be bro)&+t for8ard.
% certan broad ans8er to t+s nE)r"1 alt+o)&+ t cannot be sad to be at
all $onts fa'lar1 s not n realt" far to see3. It s an ans8er 8+c+ 8o)ld
see' stran&e ndeed to so'e 2stant fro' a $lanet $eo$led 8+oll" b"
scentfc 'nds. Yet a'on& a race l3e o)r o8n1 concerned frst and
$r'arl" to l2e and 8or3 8t+ t+o)&+ts )ndstracted fro' ''edate
needs1 t+e ans8er s nat)ral eno)&+. 4or t+e fact s'$l" s t+at t+e nt'ate
'$ortance of t+s central $roble' +as barred t+e 8a" to ts 'et+odcal1 ts
scentfc sol)ton.
T+ere are so'e belefs for 8+c+ 'an3nd cannot afford to 8at. 6+at
')st I do to be sa2edW9 s a E)eston E)te ot+er8se )r&ent t+an t+e ca)se
of t+e tdes or t+e 'eann& of t+e 'ar3s on t+e 'oon. /en ')st settle
ro)&+l" so'e+o8 8+at t s t+at fro' t+e :nseen 6orld t+e" +a2e reason to
fear or to +o$e. Belefs &ro8 )$ n drect res$onse to t+s need of belefG n
order to s)$$ort t+e'sel2es t+e" cla' )nE)e sanctonG and t+)s alon& 8t+
t+ese s$ecfc belefs &ro8s also t+e &eneral +abt of re&ardn& 'atters t+at
concern t+at :nseen 6orld as so'e+o8 tabooed or se&re&ated fro'
ordnar" obser2aton or nE)r".
Let )s $ass fro' &eneraltes to t+e act)al +stor" of 6estern
c2lsaton. In an a&e 8+en scattered rt)al1 local fat+strbal sol)tons of
cos'c $roble's8ere destro"n& eac+ ot+er b" 'ere contact and f)son1
an e2ent occ)rred 8+c+ n t+e bref record of 'an5s stll nc$ent
c2lsaton 'a" be re&arded as )nE)e. % lfe 8as l2ed n 8+c+ t+e loftest
res$onse 8+c+ 'an5s need of 'oral &)dance +ad e2er rece2ed 8as
corroborated b" $+eno'ena 8+c+ +a2e been 8del" re&arded as
con2ncn&l" 'rac)lo)s1 and 8+c+ are sad to +a2e c)l'nated n a
Res)rrecton fro' t+e dead. To t+ose $+eno'ena or to t+at Res)rrecton t
8o)ld at t+s $ont be lle&t'ate for 'e to refer n defence of '"
ar&)'ent. I +a2e a$$ealed to (cence1 and to (cence I ')st &oGn t+e
sense t+at t 8o)ld be )nfar for 'e to cla' s)$$ort fro' t+at 8+c+
(cence n +er strctness can set asde as t+e tradton of a $reCscentfc a&e.
Yet t+s one &reat tradton1 as 8e 3no81 +as1 as a fact1 8on t+e ad+eson
and re2erence of t+e &reat 'aDort" of E)ro$ean 'nds. T+e co'$le# res)lts
8+c+ follo8ed fro' t+s tr)'$+ of C+rstant" +a2e been dsc)ssed b"
'an" +storans. B)t one res)lt 8+c+ +ere a$$ears to )s n a ne8 l&+t 8as
t+st+at t+e C+rstan rel&on1 t+e C+rstan C+)rc+1 beca'e for E)ro$e
t+e accredted re$resentat2e +i,J- and &)ardan of all $+eno'ena bearn&
)$on t+e 6orld :nseen. (o lon& as C+rstant" stood do'nant1 all
$+eno'ena 8+c+ see'ed to transcend e#$erence 8ere absorbed n +er
real'8ere acco)nted as 'nor ndcatons of t+e act2t" of +er an&els or
of +er fends. %nd 8+en C+rstant" 8as sero)sl" attac3ed1 t+ese 'nor
'anfestatons $assed )nconsdered. T+e $rests t+o)&+t t safest to defend
t+er o8n tradtons1 t+er o8n nt)tons1 8t+o)t &on& afeld n searc+ of
nde$endent e2dence of a s$rt)al 8orld. T+er assalants 3e$t t+er $o8der
and s+ot for t+e ort+odo# ra'$arts1 &norn& an" solated stron&+olds 8+c+
for'ed no $art of t+e 'an lne of defence.
103 . /eant'e1 ndeed1 t+e la8s of !at)re +eld t+er 8onted 8a". %s
e2er1 t+at 8+c+ t+e "ears +ad once bro)&+t t+e" bro)&+t a&anG and e2er"
+ere and t+ere so'e 'ar2el1 l3er to t+e old stores t+an an" one cared to
assert1 cro$$ed )$ bet8een s)$erstton on t+e one +and and conte'$t)o)s
ndfference on t+e ot+er. 6tc+craft1 /es'ers'1 (8edenbor&ans'1
($rts't+ese es$ecall"1 a'd 'an" 'nor $+eno'ena1 stood o)t n t)rn
as $rec)rsor" of t+e ne2table 8der nE)r". % 2er" fe8 8ords on eac+ of
t+ese fo)r 'o2e'ents 'a" s)ffce +ere to s+o8 t+er connecton 8t+ '"
$resent t+e'e.
Ditchcra$t.T+e lesson 8+c+ 8tc+craft teac+es 8t+ re&ard to t+e
2aldt" of +)'an test'on" s t+e 'ore re'ar3able beca)se t 8as so lon&
and so co'$letel" 's)nderstood. T+e belef n 8tc+es lon& $assedas
8ell t '&+tas t+e c)l'nant e#a'$le of +)'an &norance and foll"G and
n so co'$arat2el" recent a boo3 as /r. Lec3"5s -stor" of Ratonals'19
t+e s)dden declne of t+s $o$)lar con2cton1 8t+o)t ar&)'ent or
dsa$$ro2al1 s )sed to ll)strate t+e rresstble 'eltn& a8a" of error and
falst" n t+e ntellect)al cl'ate9 of a 8ser a&e. (nce abo)t *AA>1
+o8e2er1 8+en 4renc+ e#$er'ents es$ecall" +ad afforded cons$c)o)s
e#a'$les of 8+at a +"stercal 8o'an co)ld co'e to bele2e )nder
s)&&eston fro' ot+ers or fro' +erself1 t +as be&)n to be felt t+at t+e
$+eno'ena of 8tc+craft 8ere 2er" ')c+ 8+at t+e $+eno'ena of t+e
(al$OtrPre 8o)ld see' to be to t+e $atents t+e'sel2es1 f left alone n t+e
+os$tal 8t+o)t a 'edcal staff. %nd n &hantasms o$ the .iving, Ed')nd
G)rne"1 after s)bDectn& t+e lterat)re of 8tc+craft to a 'ore caref)l
anal"ss t+an an" one tll t+en +ad t+o)&+t t 8ort+ 8+le to a$$l"1 8as able
to s+o8 t+at $ractcall" all recorded frstC+and de$ostons ('ade a$art fro'
tort)re) n t+e lon& stor" of 8tc+craft 'a" E)te $ossbl" +a2e been true, to
t+e best belef of t+e de$onentsG tr)e1 t+at s to sa"1 as re$resentn& t+e
con2cton of sane (t+o)&+ often +"stercal) $ersons1 8+o 'erel" 'ade t+e
al'ost ne2table 'sta3e of conf)sn& selfCs)&&ested +all)cnatons 8t+
8a3n& fact. !a"1 e2en t+e nsensble s$ots on t+e 8tc+es 8ere no do)bt
reall" anFst+etcn2ol2ed a frst dsco2er" of a no8 fa'lar clncal
s"'$to't+e 3ones anag;siques of t+e $atents of Ptres or C+arcot.
6tc+craft1 n fact1 8as a &&antc1 a cr)el $s"c+olo&cal and $at+olo&cal
e#$er'ent cond)cted b" nE)stors )$on +"steraG +i,K- b)t t 8as
cond)cted n t+e dar31 and 8+en t+e barbaro)s e#$lanaton dro$$ed o)t of
credence ')c+ of $ossble dsco2er" 8as s)b'er&ed as 8ell.
10+ . 2esmer.%&an1 t+e latent $ossbltes of s)&&eston19t+o)&+
not "et )nder t+at na'e1 and 'n&led 8t+ 8+o 3no8s 8+at elseWbro3e
fort+ nto a blaNe n t+e 'o2e'ent +eaded b" /es'erGat once dsco2erer
and c+arlatan. %&an t+e a&e 8as )nr$e1 and scentfc o$$oston1 alt+o)&+
not so for'dable as t+e rel&o)s o$$oston 8+c+ +ad sent 8tc+es to t+e
sta3e1 8as "et stron& eno)&+ to c+ec3 for t+e second t'e t+e str)&&ln&
scence. -ardl" tll o)r o8n &eneraton+ardl" e2en no8+as a t+rd
effort fo)nd better acce$tance1 and +"$nots' and $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs1 n
8+c+ e2er" 8ellCattested fact of 8tc+craft or of 'es'ers' fnds1 f not ts
e#$lanaton1 at least ts $arallel1 are establs+n& t+e'sel2es as a reco&nsed
and ad2ancn& 'et+od of rele2n& +)'an lls.
10, . T+s bref s3etc+ of t+e de2elo$'ent as t 8ere b" s)ccess2e
'$)lses1 )nder stron& dsbelef and dsco)ra&e'ent1 of a &ro)$ of 'ental
tendences1 fac)ltes1 or sensbltes no8 reco&nsed as tr)l" e#stn& and as
often sal)tar"1 s closel" $aralleled b" t+e de2elo$'ent1 )nder s'lar
dffc)ltes1 of anot+er &ro)$ of fac)ltes or sensbltes1 8+ose e#stence s
stll ds$)ted1 b)t 8+c+ f fr'l" establs+ed 'a" $ro2e to be of e2en
&reater 'o'ent for 'an3nd.
%t no t'e 3no8n to )s1 8+et+er before or snce t+e C+rstan era1 +as
t+e seres of trance,mani$estations,of s)$$osed co'')ncatons 8t+ a
s)$ernal 8orld1entrel" ceased. (o'et'es1 as n t+e da"s of (t. T+eresa1
s)c+ trance or ecstas" +as been1 one 'a" sa"1 t+e central or c)l'nant fact
n t+e C+rstan 8orld. Of t+ese e#$erences I ')st not +ere treat. T+e
e2dence for t+e' s lar&el" of a s)bDect2e t"$e1 and t+e" 'a" belon& 'ore
ftl" to so'e f)t)re dsc)sson as to t+e a'o)nt of confdence d)e to t+e
nter$retaton &2en b" entranced $ersons to t+er o8n $+eno'ena.
B)t n t+e 'dst of t+s lon& seres1 and n f)ll analo&" to 'an" 'nor
cases1 occ)rs t+e e#ce$tonal tranceC+stor" of E''an)el (8edenbor&. In
t+s case1 as s 8ell 3no8n1 t+ere a$$ears to +a2e been e#cellent obDect2e
e2dence bot+ of clar2o"ance or telFst+esa and of co'')ncaton 8t+
de$arted $ersonsGand 8e can onl" re&ret t+at t+e $+loso$+er Rant1 8+o
satsfed +'self of so'e $art of (8edenbor&5s s)$ernor'al
*
&ft1 dd +i,L-
not $ress f)rt+er an nE)r" s)r$assed n '$ortance b" none of t+ose )$on
8+c+ +s 'aster'nd 8as en&a&ed. %$art1 +o8e2er1 fro' t+ese obDect2e
e2dences1 t+e 'ere s)bDectC'atter of (8edenbor&5s tranceCre2elatons 8as
eno)&+ to cla' res$ectf)l attenton. I cannot +ere dsc)ss t+e stran&e
'#t)re 8+c+ t+e" $resent of sla2s+ lterals' 8t+ e#alted s$ec)laton1 of
$edantc ort+odo#" 8t+ $+"scal and 'oral ns&+t far be"ond t+e le2el of
t+at a&e. It s eno)&+ to sa" +ere t+at e2en as (ocrates called do8n
$+loso$+" fro' +ea2en to eart+1 so n a so'e8+at dfferent sense t 8as
(8edenbor& 8+o called )$ $+loso$+" a&an fro' eart+ to +ea2enG8+o
or&nated t+e noton of scence n t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 as earnestl"1 t+o)&+
not so $ers)as2el"1 as (ocrates or&nated t+e dea of scence n t+s 8orld
8+c+ 8e see' to 3no8. It 8as to (8edenbor& frst t+at t+at )nseen 8orld
a$$eared before all t+n&s as a real' of la8G a re&on not of 'ere e'otonal
2a&)eness or sta&nanc" of adoraton1 b)t of defnte $ro&ress accordn& to
defnte relatons of ca)se and effect1 res)ltn& fro' str)ct)ral la8s of
s$rt)al e#stence and nterco)rse 8+c+ 8e 'a" n t'e learn $artall" to
a$$re+end. 4or '" o8n $art I re&ard (8edenbor&1not1 ass)redl"1 as an
ns$red teac+er1 nor e2en as a tr)st8ort+" nter$reter of +s o8n
e#$erences1b)t "et as a tr)e and earl" $rec)rsor of t+at &reat nE)r"
8+c+ t s o)r $resent obDect to ad2ance.
10' . T+e ne#t $oneerfort)natel" stll a'on&st )s8+o' I ')st
'enton e2en n t+s s)''ar" notce1 s t+e celebrated $+"scst and
c+e'st1 (r 6. Croo3es. 7)st as (8edenbor& 8as t+e frst leadn& 'an of
scence 8+o dstnctl" conce2ed of t+e s$rt)al 8orld as a 8orld of la81 so
8as (r 6. Croo3es t+e frst leadn& 'an of scence 8+o sero)sl"
endea2o)red to test t+e alle&ed ')t)al nfl)ence and nter$enetraton of t+e
s$rt)al 8orld and o)r o8n b" e#$er'ents of scentfc $recson.
*
Be"ond
t+e establs+'ent of certan s)$ernor'al facts Croo3es declned to &o. B)t a
lar&e &ro)$ of $ersons +a2e fo)nded )$on t+ese and s'lar facts a sc+e'e
of belef 3no8n as /odern ($rt)als'1 or ($rts'. Later c+a$ters n t+s
boo3 8ll s+o8 +o8 ')c+ I o8e to certan obser2atons 'ade b" 'e'bers
of t+s &ro)$+o8 often '" o8n concl)sons conc)r 8t+ concl)sons at
8+c+ t+e" +a2e $re2o)sl" arr2ed. %nd "et t+s 8or3 of 'ne s n lar&e
'eas)re a crtcal attac3 )$on t+e 'an ($rtst $oston1 as +eld1 sa"1 b"
/r. %. R. 6allace1 ts 'ost e'nent l2n& s)$$orter1t+e belef1 na'el"1
t+at all or al'ost all s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena are d)e to t+e acton of s$rts
of t+e dead. B" far t+e lar&er $ro$orton1 as I +old1 are d)e to t+e acton of
t+e stll e'boded s$rt of t+e a&ent or $erc$ent +'self. %$art fro'
s$ec)lat2e dfferences1 +i,M- 'oreo2er1 I alto&et+er dssent fro' t+e
con2erson nto a sectaran creed of 8+at I +old s+o)ld be a branc+ of
scentfc nE)r"1 &ro8n& nat)rall" o)t of o)r e#stn& 3no8led&e. It s1 I
bele2e1 lar&el" to t+s te'$er of )ncrtcal acce$tance1 de&eneratn& often
nto blnd cred)lt"1 t+at 8e ')st refer t+e lac3 of $ro&ress n ($rt)alstc
lterat)re1 and t+e enco)ra&e'ent 8+c+ +as often been besto8ed )$on
'anfest fra)d1so often1 ndeed1 as to create a'on& scentfc 'en a
stron& nds$oston to t+e st)d" of $+eno'ena recorded or ad2ocated n a
tone so alen fro' (cence.
10* . I 3no8 not +o8 ')c+ of or&nalt" or '$ortance 'a" be
attrb)ted b" s)bseE)ent st)dents of t+e s)bDect to t+e ste$ ne#t n order n
t+s seres of a$$ro#'atons. To t+ose ''edatel" concerned1 t+e feeln&
of a ne8 de$art)re 8as ne2tabl" &2en b" t+e 2er" s'allness of t+e
s)$$ort 8+c+ t+e" for a lon& t'e rece2ed1 and b" t+e dffc)lt" 8+c+
t+e" fo)nd n 'a3n& t+er $ont of 2e8 ntell&ble to t+e scentfc1 to t+e
rel&o)s1 or e2en to t+e s$rt)alstc 8orld. In abo)t *A=;at t+e crest1 as
one 'a" sa"1 of $er+a$s t+e +&+est 8a2e of 'aterals' 8+c+ +as e2er
s8e$t o2er t+ese s+orest beca'e t+e con2cton of a s'all &ro)$ of
Ca'brd&e frends t+at t+e dee$ E)estons t+)s at ss)e ')st be fo)&+t o)t
n a 8a" 'ore t+oro)&+ t+an t+e c+a'$ons et+er of rel&on or of
'aterals' +ad "et s)&&ested. O)r attt)des of 'nd 8ere n so'e 8a"s
dfferentG b)t to '"self1 at least1 t see'ed t+at no adeE)ate atte'$t +ad "et
been 'ade e2en to deter'ne 8+et+er an"t+n& co)ld be learnt as to an
)nseen 8orld or noG for t+at f an"t+n& 8ere 3no8able abo)t s)c+ a 8orld
n s)c+ fas+on t+at (cence co)ld ado$t and 'antan t+at 3no8led&e1 t
')st be dsco2ered b" no anal"ss of tradton1 and b" no 'an$)laton of
'eta$+"scs1 b)t s'$l" b" e#$er'ent and obser2atonG s'$l" b" t+e
a$$lcaton to $+eno'ena 8t+n )s and aro)nd )s of $recsel" t+e sa'e
'et+ods of delberate1 ds$assonate1 e#act nE)r" 8+c+ +a2e b)lt )$ o)r
act)al 3no8led&e of t+e 8orld 8+c+ 8e can to)c+ and see. I can +ardl"
e2en no8 &)ess to +o8 'an" of '" readers t+s 8ll see' a tr)s'1 and to
+o8 'an" a $arado#. Tr)s' or $arado#1 s)c+ a t+o)&+t s)&&ested a 3nd of
effort1 8+c+1 so far as 8e co)ld dsco2er1 +ad ne2er "et been 'ade. 4or
8+at see'ed needf)l 8as an nE)r" of E)te ot+er sco$e t+an t+e 'ere
anal"ss of +storcal doc)'ents1 or of t+e origines of an" alle&ed re2elaton
n t+e $ast. It ')st be an nE)r" restn& $r'arl"1 as all scentfc nE)res
n t+e strcter sense no8 ')st rest1 )$on obDect2e facts act)all" obser2able1
)$on e#$er'ents 8+c+ 8e can re$eat toda"1 and 8+c+ 8e 'a" +o$e to
carr" f)rt+er to'orro8. It ')st be an nE)r" based1 to )se an old ter'1 on
t+e )nfor'taran +"$ot+essG on t+e $res)'$ton1 t+at s to sa"1 t+at i$ a
spiritua #ord e0ists, and i$ that #ord has at any epoch been mani$est or
even discoverabe, then it ought to be mani$est or discoverabe no#.
It 8as fro' t+s sde1 and fro' t+ese &eneral consderatons1 t+at t+e
&ro)$ 8t+ 8+c+ I +a2e 8or3ed a$$roac+ed t+e s)bDect. O)r 'et+ods1 +i,N-
o)r canons1 8ere all to 'a3e. In t+ose earl" da"s 8e 8ere 'ore de2od of
$recedents1 of &)dance1 e2en of crtcs' t+at 8ent be"ond 'ere
e#$ressons of conte'$t1 t+an s no8 readl" conce2ed. (ee3n& e2dence
as best 8e co)ldcollectn& ro)nd )s a s'all &ro)$ of $ersons 8lln& to
+el$ n t+at E)est for resd)al $+eno'ena n t+e nat)re and e#$erence of
'an8e 8ere at last fort)nate eno)&+ to dsco2er a con2er&ence of
e#$er'ental and of s$ontaneo)s e2dence )$on one defnte and '$ortant
$ont. 6e 8ere led to bele2e t+at t+ere 8as tr)t+ n a t+ess 8+c+ at least
snce (8edenbor& and t+e earl" 'es'ersts +ad been re$eatedl"1 b)t
c)rsorl" and neffect)all"1 $resented to 'an3ndt+e t+ess t+at a
co'')ncaton can ta3e $lace fro' 'nd to 'nd b" so'e a&enc" not t+at
of t+e reco&nsed or&ans of sense. 6e fo)nd t+at t+s a&enc"1 dscernble
e2en on tr2al occasons b" s)table e#$er'ent1 see'ed to connect tself
8t+ an a&enc" 'ore ntense1 or at an" rate 'ore reco&nsable1 8+c+
o$erated at 'o'ents of crss or at t+e +o)r of deat+. Ed')nd G)rne"t+e
n2al)able collaborator and frend 8+ose loss n *AAA 8as o)r +ea2est
dsco)ra&e'entset fort+ t+s e2dence n a lar&e 8or31 &hantasms o$ the
.iving, n 8+ose $re$araton /r. Pod'ore and I too3 a 'nor $art. T+e
ffteen "ears 8+c+ +a2e ela$sed snce t+e $)blcaton of t+s boo3 n *AAB
+a2e added to t+e e2dence on 8+c+ G)rne" reled1 and +a2e s+o8n (I
2ent)re to sa") t+e &eneral so)ndness of t+e canons of e2dence and t+e
lnes of ar&)'ent 8+c+ t 8as +s tas3 to s+a$e and to e'$lo".
*
10) . Of f)nda'ental '$ortance1 ndeed1 s t+s doctrne of tele$at+"
t+e frst la81 'a" one not sa"Wlad o$en to 'an5s dsco2er"1 8+c+1 n '"
2e8 at least1 8+le o$eratn& n t+e 'ateral1 s tself a la8 of t+e s$rt)al
or metetheria
.
8orld. In t+e co)rse of t+s 8or3 t 8ll be '" tas3 to s+o8
n 'an" connectons +o8 farCreac+n& are t+e '$lcatons of t+s drect and
s)$ersensor" co'')non of 'nd 8t+ 'nd. %'on& t+ose '$lcatons
none can be 'ore 'o'ento)s t+an t+e l&+t t+ro8n b" t+s dsco2er" )$on
'an5s nt'ate nat)re and $ossble s)r22al of deat+.
6e &rad)all" dsco2ered t+at t+e acco)nts of a$$artons at t+e 'o'ent
of deat+testf"n& to a s)$ersensor" co'')ncaton bet8een t+e d"n&
'an and t+e frend 8+o sees +'led on 8t+o)t $erce$tble brea3 to
a$$artons occ)rrn& after t+e deat+ of t+e $erson seen1 b)t 8+le t+at deat+
8as "et )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent1 and t+)s a$$arentl" d)e1 not to 'ere
broodn& 'e'or"1 b)t to a contn)ed acton of t+at de$arted s$rt. T+e tas3
ne#t nc)'bent on )s t+erefore see'ed $lanl" to be t+e collecton and
anal"ss of e2dence of t+s and ot+er t"$es1 $ontn& drectl" to t+e s)r22al
of 'an5s s$rt. B)t after $)rs)n& t+s tas3 for so'e "ears I felt t+at n
realt" t+e ste$ fro' t+e acton of e'boded to t+e acton of +i,O-
dse'boded s$rts 8o)ld stll see' too s)dden f ta3en n t+s drect 8a".
(o far1 ndeed1 as t+e e2dence fro' a$$artons 8ent1 t+e seres see'ed
contn)o)s fro' $+antas's of t+e l2n& to $+antas's of t+e dead. B)t t+e
8+ole 'ass of e2dence primF $acie $ontn& to 'an5s s)r22al1 8as of a
')c+ 'ore co'$le# 3nd. It conssted lar&el"1 for e#a'$le1 n 8rtten or
s$o3en )tterances1 co'n& t+ro)&+ t+e +and or 2oce of l2n& 'en1 b)t
cla'n& to $roceed fro' a dse'boded so)rce. To t+ese )tterances1 as a
8+ole1 no satsfactor" crteron +ad e2er been a$$led.
In consdern& cases of t+s 3nd1 t+en1 t beca'e &rad)all" $lan to 'e
t+at before 8e co)ld safel" 'ar3 off an" &ro)$ of 'anfestatons as
defntel" '$l"n& an nfl)ence fro' be"ond t+e &ra2e1 t+ere 8as need of a
'ore searc+n& re2e8 of t+e ca$actes of 'an5s ncarnate $ersonalt" t+an
$s"c+olo&sts )nfa'lar 8t+ t+s ne8 e2dence +ad t+o)&+t t 8ort+ t+er
8+le to )nderta3e.
It 8as onl" slo8l"1 and as t 8ere of necesst"1 t+at I e'bar3ed on a tas3
8+c+ needed for ts $ro$er acco'$ls+'ent a 3no8led&e and trann& far
be"ond 8+at I co)ld cla'. T+e 2er" nadeE)ate s3etc+ 8+c+ +as res)lted
fro' '" efforts s e2en n ts a)t+or5s 2e8 no 'ore t+an $re$arator" and
$rec)rs2e to t+e f)ller and so)nder treat'ent of t+e sa'e s)bDect 8+c+ I
do)bt not t+at t+e ne8 cent)r" 8ll rece2e fro' 'ore co'$etent +ands.
T+e tr)est s)ccess of t+s boo3 8ll le n ts ra$d s)$ersesson b" a better.
4or t+s 8ll s+o8 t+at at least I +a2e not erred n s)$$osn& t+at a sero)s
treatse on t+ese to$cs s not+n& else t+an t+e ne2table co'$le'ent and
concl)son of t+e slo8 $rocess b" 8+c+ 'an +as bro)&+t )nder t+e do'an
of scence e2er" &ro)$ of attanable $+eno'ena n t)rne2er" &ro)$ sa2e
t+s.
109 . Let 'e t+en 8t+o)t f)rt+er $rea'ble e'bar3 )$on t+at so'e8+at
detaled s)r2e" of +)'an fac)lt"1 as 'anfested d)rn& 2aro)s $+ases of
+)'an $ersonalt"1 8+c+ s needf)l n order to t+ro8 fres+ l&+t on t+ese
)nfa'lar t+e'es. /" dsc)sson1 I 'a" sa" at once1 8ll a2od
'eta$+"scs as caref)ll" as t 8ll a2od t+eolo&". I a2od t+eolo&"1 as
alread" e#$laned1 beca)se I consder t+at n ar&)'ents fo)nded )$on
e#$er'ent and obser2aton I +a2e no r&+t to a$$eal for s)$$ort to
tradtonal or s)bDect2e consderatons1 +o8e2er '$ortant. 4or so'e8+at
s'lar reasons I do not desre to ntrod)ce t+e dea of $ersonalt" 8t+ an"
+storcal r;sum; of t+e $+loso$+cal o$nons 8+c+ +a2e been +eld b"
2aro)s t+n3ers n t+e $ast1 nor '"self to s$ec)late on 'atters l"n& be"ond
t+e $ossble feld of obDect2e $roof. I s+all 'erel" for t+e sa3e of clearness
be&n b" t+e brefest $ossble state'ent of t8o 2e8s of +)'an $ersonalt"
8+c+ cannot be &nored1 na'el"1 t+e oldCfas+oned or co''onsense 2e8
t+ereof1 8+c+ s stll +eld b" t+e 'ass of 'an3nd1 and t+e ne8er 2e8 of
e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&"1 brn&n& o)t t+at co'$oste or colonal9
c+aracter 8+c+ on a close e#a'naton e2er" $ersonalt" of 'en or an'als
s seen to 8ear.
+i,GP-
T+e follo8n& $assa&e1 ta3en fro' a 8or3 once of ')c+ note1 Red5s
Essa" on t+e Intellect)al Po8ers of /an19 e#$resses t+e s'$le primF
$acie 2e8 8t+ care and $recson1 "et 8t+ no 'ar3ed '$ress of an" one
$+loso$+cal sc+oolJ
T+e con2cton 8+c+ e2er" 'an +as of +s dentt"1 as far bac3 as +s
'e'or" reac+es1 needs no ad of $+loso$+" to stren&t+en tG and no
$+loso$+" can 8ea3en t 8t+o)t frst $rod)cn& so'e de&ree of nsant".
Y /" $ersonal dentt"1 t+erefore1 '$les t+e contn)ed e#stence of t+at
nd2sble t+n& 8+c+ I call '"self. 6+ate2er t+s self 'a" be1 t s
so'et+n& 8+c+ t+n3s1 and delberates1 and resol2es1 and acts1 and s)ffers.
I a' not t+o)&+t1 I a' not acton1 I a' not feeln&G I a' so'et+n& t+at
t+n3s1 and acts1 and s)ffers. /" t+o)&+ts and actons and feeln&s c+an&e
e2er" 'o'entJ t+e" +a2e no contn)ed1 b)t a s)ccess2e e#stenceG b)t t+at
se$ or (1 to 8+c+ t+e" belon&1 s $er'anent1 and +as t+e sa'e relaton to all
s)cceedn& t+o)&+ts1 actons1 and feeln&s 8+c+ I call 'ne.Y T+e dentt"
of a $erson s a $erfect dentt"G 8+ere2er t s real t ad'ts of no de&reesG
and t s '$ossble t+at a $erson s+o)ld be n $art t+e sa'e and n $art
dfferent1 beca)se a $erson s a monad, and s not d2sble nto $arts.
Identt"1 8+en a$$led to $ersons1 +as no a'b&)t"1 and ad'ts not of
de&rees1 or of 'ore and less. It s t+e fo)ndaton of all r&+ts and
obl&atons1 and of all acco)ntablenessG and t+e noton of t s f#ed and
$recse.
110 . Contrast 8t+ t+s t+e $assa&e 8t+ 8+c+ /. Rbot concl)des +s
essa" on Les /alades de la PersonnaltU.9
It s t+e or&ans'1 8t+ t+e bran1 ts s)$re'e re$resentat2e1 8+c+
constt)tes t+e real $ersonalt"G co'$rsn& n tself t+e re'ans of all t+at
8e +a2e been and t+e $ossbltes of all t+at 8e s+all be. T+e 8+ole
nd2d)al c+aracter s t+ere nscrbed1 8t+ ts act2e and $ass2e a$tt)des1
ts s"'$at+es and ant$at+es1 ts &en)s1 ts talent or ts st)$dt"1 ts 2rt)es
and ts 2ces1 ts tor$or or ts act2t". T+e $art t+ereof 8+c+ e'er&es nto
consco)sness s lttle co'$ared 8t+ 8+at re'ans b)red1 b)t o$erat2e
ne2ert+eless. T+e consco)s $ersonalt" s ne2er 'ore t+an a s'all fracton
of t+e $s"c+cal $ersonalt". T+e )nt" of t+e E&o +i,GG- s not t+erefore t+e
)nt" of a sn&le entt" dff)sn& tself a'on& ')lt$le $+eno'enaG t s t+e
coCordnaton of a certan n)'ber of states $er$et)all" renascent1 and
+a2n& for t+er sole co''on bass t+e 2a&)e feeln& of o)r bod". T+s
)nt" does not dff)se tself do8n8ards1 b)t s a&&re&ated b" ascent fro'
belo8G t s not an ntal b)t a ter'nal $ont.
,oes t+en t+s $erfect )nt" reall" e#stW In t+e r&oro)s1 t+e
'at+e'atcal sense1 ass)redl" t does not. In a relat2e sense t s 'et 8t+1
rarel" and for a 'o'ent. 6+en a &ood 'ar3s'an ta3es a'1 or a s3lf)l
s)r&eon o$erates1 +s 8+ole bod" and 'nd con2er&e to8ards a sn&le act.
B)t note t+e res)ltG )nder t+ose condtons t+e sent'ent of real $ersonalt"
dsa$$ears1 for t+e consco)s nd2d)al s s'$lfed nto a sn&le dea1 and
t+e $ersonal sent'ent s e#cl)ded b" t+e co'$lete )nfcaton of
consco)sness. 6e t+)s ret)rn b" anot+er ro)te to t+e sa'e concl)sonG the
Se$ is a co,ordination. It oscllates bet8een t8o e#tre'es at eac+ of 8+c+
t ceases to e#stGabsol)te )nt" and absol)te nco+erence.
T+e last 8ord of all t+s s t+at snce t+e consens)s of consco)sness s
s)bordnated to t+e consens)s of t+e or&ans'1 t+e $roble' of t+e )nt" of
t+e E&o s n ts )lt'ate for' a $roble' of Bolo&". Let Bolo&" e#$lan1 f
t can1 t+e &eness of or&ans's and t+e soldart" of t+er constt)ent $arts.
T+e $s"c+olo&cal e#$lanaton ')st needs follo8 on t+e sa'e trac3.
111 . -ere1 t+en1 8e +a2e t8o clear and defnte 2e8s1s)$$orted1 t+e
one b" o)r n'ost consco)sness1 t+e ot+er b" )nans8erable obser2aton
and nference1"et a$$arentl" nco'$atble t+e one 8t+ t+e ot+er. %nd n
fact b" 'ost 8rters t+e" +a2e been felt and ac3no8led&ed to be e2en
+o$elessl" nco'$atble. T+e s)$$orters of t+e 2e8 t+at T+e (elf s a coC
ordnaton19and t+s1 I need +ardl" sa"1 s no8 t+e 2e8 $re2alent a'on&
e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&sts1+a2e fran3l" &2en )$ an" noton of an
)nderl"n& )nt"1of a lfe nde$endent of t+e or&ans'1n a 8ord1 of a
+)'an so)l. T+e s)$$orters of t+e )nt" of t+e E&o1 on t+e ot+er +and1 f
t+e" +a2e not been able to be eE)all" e#$lct n denying t+e o$$oste 2e81
+a2e 'ade )$ for t+s b" t+e t+oro)&+C&on& 8a" n 8+c+ t+e" +a2e
ignored t. I 3no8 of no so)rce fro' 8+c+ 2ald +el$ +as been offered
to8ards t+e reconcle'ent of t+e t8o o$$osn& s"ste's n a $rofo)nder
s"nt+ess. If I bele2eas I do bele2et+at n t+e $resent 8or3 so'e +el$
n t+s drecton s act)all" &2en1 t+s certanl" does not 'ean t+at I s)$$ose
'"self ca$able of sttc+n& t+e t+readbare 'eta$+"scal ar&)'ents nto a
'ore stable fabrc. It s'$l" 'eans t+at certan fres+ e2dence can no8 be
add)ced1 8+c+ +as t+e effect of s+o8n& t+e case on eac+ sde n a no2el
l&+tGna"1 e2en of closn& t+e ''edate contro2ers" b" a D)d&'ent 'ore
decs2el" n fa2o)r of both $artes t+an et+er co)ld +a2e e#$ected. On t+e
one sde1 and n fa2o)r of t+e coCordnators1all t+er anal"ss of t+e (elf
nto ts constt)ent ele'ents1 all t+at t+e" )r&e of $ost2e obser2aton1 of
obDect2e e#$er'ent1 ')stas I s+all 'antan on t+e stren&t+ of t+e ne8
facts 8+c+ I s+all add)cebe )nreser2edl" conceded. Let t+e' $)s+ t+er
anal"ss as far as t+e" l3e1let t+e' &et do8n1 f t+e" can1 to t+ose
)lt'ate nfntes'al $s"c+cal ele'ents fro' 8+c+ s )$b)lt t+e
co'$le#1 t+e co'$oste1 t+e colonal9 str)ct)re and constt)ton of 'an.
%ll t+s 'a" 8ell be 2ald and '$ortant 8or3. It s onl" on t+er negative
sde t+at t+e concl)sons of t+s sc+ool need a co'$lete o2er+a)ln&.
,ee$er1 bolder nE)r" alon& t+er o8n lne s+o8s t+at t+e" +a2e erred
8+en t+e" asserted t+at anal"ss s+o8ed no trace of fac)lt" be"ond s)c+ as
t+e lfe of eart+as t+e" conce2e tco)ld foster1 or t+e en2ron'ent of
eart+ e'$lo". 4or n realt" anal"ss s+o8s traces of fac)lt" 8+c+ t+s
'ateral or $lanetar" lfe co)ld not +a2e called nto ben&1 and 8+ose
e#ercse e2en +ere and no8 n2ol2es and necesstates t+e e#stence of a
s$rt)al 8orld.
On t+e ot+er sde1 and n fa2o)r of t+e $artsans of t+e )nt" of t+e E&o1
t+e effect of t+e ne8 e2dence s to rase t+er cla' to a far +&+er &ro)nd1
and to s)bstantate t for t+e frst t'e 8t+ t+e stron&est $res)'$t2e $roof
8+c+ can be 'a&ned for tGa $roof1 na'el"1 t+at t+e E&o can and does
s)r22enot onl" t+e 'nor dsnte&ratons 8+c+ affect t d)rn& eart+Clfe
b)t t+e cro8nn& dsnte&raton of bodl" deat+. +i,GH- In 2e8 of t+s
)n+o$edCfor ratfcaton of t+er +&+est drea'1 t+e" 'a" be 'ore t+an
content to s)rrender as )ntenable t+e far narro8er conce$ton of t+e )ntar"
(elf 8+c+ 8as all t+at co''onsense $+loso$+es9 +ad 2ent)red to cla'.
T+e consco)s (elf9 of eac+ of )s1 as 8e call t1t+e e'$rcal1 t+e
s)$ral'nal (elf1 as I s+o)ld $refer to sa"1does not co'$rse t+e 8+ole
of t+e consco)sness or of t+e fac)lt" 8t+n )s. T+ere e#sts a 'ore
co'$re+ens2e consco)sness1 a $rofo)nder fac)lt"1 8+c+ for t+e 'ost $art
re'ans $otental onl" so far as re&ards t+e lfe of eart+1 b)t fro' 8+c+ t+e
consco)sness and t+e fac)lt" of eart+Clfe are 'ere selectons1 and 8+c+
reasserts tself n ts $lent)de after t+e lberatn& c+an&e of deat+.
To8ards t+s concl)son1 8+c+ ass)'ed for 'e so'et+n& l3e ts
$resent s+a$e so'e fo)rteen "ears snce1
*
a lon& seres of tentat2e
s$ec)latons1 based on &rad)all" accr)n& e2dence1 +as slo8l" cond)cted
'e. T+e conce$ton s one 8+c+ +as +t+erto been re&arded as $)rel"
'"stcalG and f I endea2o)r to $lant f )$on a scentfc bass I certanl"
s+all not s)cceed n statn& t n ts fnal ter's or n s)$$ortn& t 8t+ t+e
best ar&)'ents 8+c+ lon&er e#$erence 8ll s)&&est. Its 2aldt"1 ndeed1
8ll be '$ressedf at all)$on t+e reader onl" b" t+e s)ccess2e st)d"
of t+e 2aro)s 3nds of e2dence 8+c+ t+s boo3 8ll set fort+.
11( . Yet so far as t+e ntal $ossblt" or $la)sblt" of s)c+ a 8dened
conce$ton of +)'an consco)sness s concernedGand t+s s all 8+c+ can
be dealt 8t+ at t+s 'o'ent of ts frst ntrod)ctonGI +a2e not seen n
s)c+ crtcs' as +as +t+erto been besto8ed )$on '" t+eor" an" 2er"
8e&+t" de')rrer. I s)''arse n a note an attac3 of t+s 3nd1 8t+ 8+at
see's to 'e an adeE)ate re$l" fro' a collea&)e5s $en.
.
+i,GI-
!or'all" at least19 sa"s anot+er crtc1 s)''arsn& n a fe8 8ords t+e
ordnar" 2e81 all t+e consco)sness 8e +a2e at an" 'o'ent corres$onds
to all t+e act2t" 8+c+ s &on& on at t+at 'o'ent n t+e bran. T+ere s one
)ntar" consco)s state acco'$an"n& all t+e s')ltaneo)s bran e#ctatons
to&et+er1 and eac+ sn&le $art of t+e branC$rocess contrb)tes so'et+n& to
ts nat)re. !one of t+e branC$rocesses s$lt t+e'sel2es off fro' t+e rest and
+a2e a se$arate consco)sness of t+er o8n.9 T+s s1 no do)bt1 t+e a$$arent
dct)' of consco)sness1 b)t t s not+n& 'ore. %nd t+e dcta of
consco)sness +a2e alread" been s+o8n to need correcton n so 'an" 8a"s
8+c+ t+e ordnar" obser2er co)ld ne2er +a2e antc$ated t+at 8e +a2e
s)rel" no r&+t to tr)st consco)sness1 so to sa"1 a ste$ f)rt+er t+an 8e can
feel t1to +old t+at an"t+n& 8+ate2ere2en a se$arate consco)sness n
o)r o8n or&ans'scan be $ro2ed not to e#st b" t+e 'ere fact t+at 8e
as 8e 3no8 o)rsel2esare not a8are of t.
B)t ndeed t+s cla' to a )ntar" consco)sness tends to beco'e less
forcble as t s 'ore scentfcall" e#$ressed. It rests on t+e $lan 'an5s
con2cton t+at t+ere s onl" one of +'G and t+s con2cton t+e
e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&st s al8a"s tendn& to 8ea3en or narro8 b" t+e
ad'sson of coe#stent localsed de&rees of consco)sness n t+e bran1
8+c+ are at an" rate not ob2o)sl" red)cble to a sn&le state. E2en t+ose
8+o 8o)ld sto$ +i,GJ- far s+ort of '" o8n $oston fnd t needf)l to resort
to 'eta$+ors of t+er o8n to e#$ress t+e dfferent strea's of a8areness9
8+c+ 8e all feel to be +abt)all" coe#stent 8t+n )s. T+e" s$ea3 of
frn&es9 of ordnar" consco)snessG of 'ar&nal9 assocatonsG of t+e
occasonal $erce$ton of c)rrents of lo8 ntenst".9 T+ese 'eta$+ors 'a"
all of t+e' be of )se1 n a re&on 8+ere 'eta$+or s o)r onl" 'ode of
e#$ressonG b)t none of t+e' co2ers all t+e facts no8 collected. %nd on t+e
ot+er sde1 I need not sa"1 are $lent" of $+rases 8+c+ be& t+e E)eston of
so)l and bod"1 or of t+e 'an5s o8n s$rt and e#ternal s$rts1 n no scentfc
fas+on. T+ere see's to be need of a ter' of 8der a$$lcaton1 8+c+ s+all
'a3e as fe8 ass)'$tons as $ossble. !or s s)c+ a ter' dffc)lt to fnd.
T+e dea of a threshod 5imen, Sch#ee,6 of consco)snessGof a le2el
abo2e 8+c+ sensaton or t+o)&+t ')st rse before t can enter nto o)r
consco)s lfeGs a s'$le and fa'lar one. T+e 8ord subimina,
'eann& beneat+ t+at t+res+old19+as alread" been )sed to defne t+ose
sensatons 8+c+ are too feeble to be nd2d)all" reco&nsed. I $ro$ose to
e#tend t+e 'eann& of t+e ter'1 so as to 'a3e t co2er a t+at ta3es $lace
beneat+ t+e ordnar" t+res+old1 or sa"1 f $referred1 o)tsde t+e ordnar"
'ar&n of consco)snessGnot onl" t+ose fant st')latons 8+ose 2er"
fantness 3ee$s t+e' s)b'er&ed1 b)t ')c+ else 8+c+ $s"c+olo&" as "et
scarcel" reco&nsesG sensatons1 t+o)&+ts1 e'otons1 8+c+ 'a" be stron&1
defnte1 and nde$endent1 b)t 8+c+1 b" t+e or&nal constt)ton of o)r
ben&1 seldo' e'er&e nto t+at supraimina c)rrent of consco)sness 8+c+
8e +abt)all" dentf" 8t+ ourseves. Perce2n& (as t+s boo3 8ll tr" to
s+o8) t+at t+ese s)b'er&ed t+o)&+ts and e'otons $ossess t+e
c+aracterstcs 8+c+ 8e assocate 8t+ consco)s lfe1 I feel bo)nd to s$ea3
of a subimina or utramargina consciousness,
*
a consco)sness 8+c+
8e s+all see1 for nstance1 )ttern& or 8rtn& sentences E)te as co'$le# and
co+erent as t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness co)ld 'a3e t+e'. Perce2n&
f)rt+er t+at t+s consco)s lfe beneat+ t+e t+res+old or be"ond t+e 'ar&n
see's to be no dscontn)o)s or nter'ttent t+n&G t+at not onl" are t+ese
solated s)bl'nal $rocesses co'$arable 8t+ solated s)$ral'nal
$rocesses (as 8+en a $roble' s sol2ed b" so'e )n3no8n $roced)re n a
drea')1 b)t t+at t+ere also s a +i,GK- contn)o)s s)bl'nal c+an of
'e'or" (or 'ore c+ans t+an one) n2ol2n& D)st t+at 3nd of nd2d)al and
$ersstent re22al of old '$ressons1 and res$onse to ne8 ones1 8+c+ 8e
co''onl" call a (elf1I fnd t $er'ssble and con2enent to s$ea3 of
s)bl'nal (el2es1 or 'ore brefl" of a s)bl'nal (elf. I do not ndeed b"
)sn& t+s ter' ass)'e t+at t+ere are t8o correlat2e and $arallel sel2es
e#stn& al8a"s 8t+n eac+ of )s. Rat+er I 'ean b" t+e s)bl'nal (elf t+at
$art of t+e (elf 8+c+ s co''onl" s)bl'nalG and I conce2e t+at t+ere
'a" be1not onl" cooperations bet8een t+ese E)asCnde$endent trans of
t+o)&+t1b)t also )$+ea2als and alternatons of $ersonalt" of 'an" 3nds1
so t+at 8+at 8as once belo8 t+e s)rface 'a" for a t'e1 or $er'anentl"1
rse abo2e t. %nd I conce2e also t+at no (elf of 8+c+ 8e can +ere +a2e
co&nsance s n realt" 'ore t+an a fra&'ent of a lar&er (elf1re2ealed n a
fas+on at once s+ftn& and l'ted t+ro)&+ an or&ans' not so fra'ed as to
afford t f)ll 'anfestaton.
113 . !o8 t+s +"$ot+ess s e#$osed 'anfestl" to t8o 'an for's of
attac31 8+c+ to a certan e#tent ne)tralse eac+ ot+er. On t+e one +and t
+as been attac3ed1 as +as alread" been ndcated1 as ben& too elaborate for
t+e facts1as endo8n& transtor" 'o'ents of s)bconsco)s ntell&ence
8t+ 'ore contn)t" and nde$endence t+an t+e" reall" $ossess. T+ese
r$$les o2er t+e t+res+old1 t 'a" be sad1 can be e#$laned b" t+e 8nd of
crc)'stance1 8t+o)t ass)'n& s$rn&s or c)rrents n t+e $ersonalt" dee$
belo8.
B)t soon 8e s+all co'e )$on a &ro)$ of $+eno'ena 8+c+ t+s 2e8
8ll b" no 'eans 'eet. 4or 8e s+all fnd t+at t+e s)bl'nal )$r)s+es1t+e
'$)lses or co'')ncatons 8+c+ reac+ o)r e'er&ent fro' o)r s)b'er&ed
sel2es1are (n s$te of t+er 'scellaneo)sness) often c+aracterstcall"
dfferent n E)alt" fro' an" ele'ent 3no8n to o)r ordnar" s)$ral'nal
lfe. T+e" are dfferent n a 8a" 8+c+ '$les fac)lt" of 8+c+ 8e +a2e +ad
no $re2o)s 3no8led&e1 o$eratn& n an en2ron'ent of 8+c+ +t+erto 8e
+a2e been 8+oll" )na8are. T+s broad state'ent t s of co)rse t+e $)r$ose
of '" 8+ole 8or3 to D)stf". %ss)'n& ts tr)t+ +ere for ar&)'ent5s sa3e1
8e see at once t+at t+e $roble' of t+e +dden self entrel" c+an&es ts
as$ect. Tele$at+" and telFst+esat+e $erce$ton of dstant t+o)&+ts and of
dstant scenes 8t+o)t t+e a&enc" of t+e reco&nsed or&ans of senseGt+ose
fac)ltes s)&&est et+er ncalc)lable e#tenson of o)r o8n 'ental $o8ers1 or
else t+e nfl)ence )$on )s of 'nds freer and less tra''elled t+an o)r o8n.
%nd t+s second +"$ot+ess18+c+ 8o)ld e#$lan b" t+e a&enc" of
dscarnate 'nds1 or s$rts1 all t+ese s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena1does at frst
s&+t s'$lf" t+e $roble'1 and +as b" /r. %. R. 6allace and ot+ers been
$)s+ed so far as to re'o2e all need of 8+at +e dee's t+e &rat)to)s and
c)'bro)s +"$ot+ess of a s)bl'nal self.
11+ . I bele2e1 ndeed1 t+at t 8ll beco'e $lan as 8e $roceed t+at so'e
s)c+ +"$ot+ess as t+s1of al'ost contn)o)s s$rtCnter2enton and +i,
GL- s$rtC&)dance1s at once rendered necessar" f t+e s)bl'nal
fac)ltes for 8+c+ I ar&)e are dened to 'an. %nd '" conce$ton of a
s)bl'nal self 8ll t+)s a$$ear1 not as an e#tra2a&ant and needless1 b)t as a
l'tn& and ratonalsn& +"$ot+ess1 8+en t s a$$led to $+eno'ena
8+c+ at frst s&+t s)&&est /r. 6allace5s e#tre'er 2e81 b)t 8+c+ I
e#$lan b" t+e acton of 'an5s o8n s$rt1 8t+o)t n2o3n& s$rts e#ternal
to +'self. I do not ndeed sa" t+at t+e e#$lanaton +ere s)&&ested s
a$$lcable n all cases1 or to t+e co'$lete e#cl)son of t+e s$rtC+"$ot+ess.
On t+e contrar"1 t+e one 2e8 &2es s)$$ort to t+e ot+er. 4or t+ese fac)ltes
of dstant co'')ncaton e#st none t+e less1 e2en t+o)&+ 8e s+o)ld refer
t+e' to o)r o8n s)bl'nal sel2es. 6e can1 n t+at case1 affect eac+ ot+er at
a dstance1 tele$at+call"Gand f o)r ncarnate s$rts can act t+)s n at
least a$$arent nde$endence of t+e fles+l" bod"1 t+e $res)'$ton s stron&
t+at ot+er s$rts 'a" e#st nde$endentl" of t+e bod"1 and 'a" affect )s n
s'lar 'anner.
T+e ')c+Cdebated +"$ot+ess of s$rtCnter2enton1 n s+ort1 stll loo's
be+nd t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal (elfG b)t t+at nter'edate
+"$ot+ess s+o)ld1 I t+n31 n t+s earl" sta&e of 8+at ')st be a lon& nE)r"1
$ro2e )sef)l to t+e $artsans of et+er sde. 4or t+ose 8+o are alto&et+er
)n8lln& to ad't t+e acton of a&ences ot+er t+an t+e s$rts of l2n& 'en1
t 8ll be needf)l to for' as +&+ an est'ate as $ossble of t+e fac)ltes
+eld n reser2e b" t+ese s$rts 8+le stll n t+e fles+. 4or t+ose1 on t+e ot+er
+and1 8+o bele2e n t+e nfl)ence of dscarnate s$rts1 t+s sc+e'e affords
a $at+ of transton1 and as t 8ere a $ro2sonal ntell&blt".
11, . T+ese farCreac+n& s$ec)latons 'a3e t+e ele'ent of 3eenest
nterest n t+e nE)r" 8+c+ follo8s. B)t e2en a$art fro' ts $ossble
bearn& on a f)t)re lfe1 t+e f)rt+er st)d" of o)r s)b'er&ed 'entaton1of
t+e $rocesses 8t+n )s of 8+c+ 8e catc+ onl" ndrect1 and as t 8ere1
refracted &l'$ses1see's at t+s t'e es$ecall" called for b" t+e trend of
'odern researc+. 4or of late "ears 8e +a2e realsed 'ore and 'ore f)ll"
)$on +o8 s+ftn& and co'$le# a fo)ndaton of ancestral e#$erence eac+
nd2d)al lfe s based. In reca$t)laton1 n s)''ar"1 n s"'bol1 8e
retra2erse1 fro' t+e e'br"o to t+e cor$se1 t+e +stor" of lfe on eart+ for
'llons of "ears. ,)rn& o)r selfCada$taton to contn)all" 8der
en2ron'ents1 t+ere 'a" $robabl" +a2e been a contn)al ds$lace'ent of
t+e t+res+old of consco)snessGn2ol2n& t+e la$se and s)b'er&ence of
')c+ t+at once floated n t+e 'an strea' of o)r ben&. O)r consco)sness
at an" &2en sta&e of o)r e2ol)ton s b)t t+e $+os$+orescent r$$le on an
)nso)nded sea. %nd1 l3e t+e r$$le1 t s not onl" s)$erfcal b)t 'anfold.
O)r $s"c+cal )nt" s federat2e and )nstableG t +as arsen fro' rre&)lar
accretons n t+e re'ote $astG t conssts e2en no8 onl" n t+e l'ted
collaboraton of ')lt$le &ro)$s. T+ese dscontn)tes and nco+erences n
t+e E&o t+e elder $s"c+olo&sts 'ana&ed to &nore. Yet nfanc"1 doc"1
slee$1 nsant"1 deca"Gt+ese brea3s and sta&nances n +i,GM- t+e consco)s
strea' 8ere al8a"s $resent to s+o8 )s1 e2en 'ore forcbl" t+an 'ore
delcate anal"ses s+o8 )s no81 t+at t+e frst ob2o)s conce$ton of 'an5s
contn)o)s and )ntar" $ersonalt" 8as 8+oll" nsec)reG and t+at f ndeed a
so)l ns$red t+e bod"1 t+at so)l ')st be so)&+t for far beneat+ t+ese bodl"
condtons b" 8+c+ ts selfC'anfestaton 8as clo)ded and obsc)red.
11' . T+e dfference bet8een older and ne8er conce$tons of t+e
)nf"n& $rnc$le or so)l (f so)l t+ere be) n 'an1 consdered as
'anfestn& t+ro)&+ cor$oreal l'tatons1 8ll t+)s rese'ble t+e dfference
bet8een t+e older and ne8er conce$tons of t+e 8a" n 8+c+ t+e s)n
re2eals +'self to o)r senses. !&+t and stor'Cclo)d and ecl$se 'en +a2e
3no8n fro' t+e earlest a&esG b)t no8 t+e" 3no8 t+at e2en at noonda" t+e
s)nbea' 8+c+ reac+es t+e'1 8+en fanned o)t nto a s$ectr)'1 s barred
8t+ belts and lnes of 2ar"n& dar3nessG8+le t+e" +a2e learnt also t+at
8+ere at et+er end t+e s$ectr)' fades o)t nto 8+at for )s s blac3ness1
t+ere stretc+es on8ards n realt" an )ndsco2ered ll'table ra".
It 8ll be con2enent for f)t)re reference f I dra8 o)t t+s $arallel
so'e8+at 'ore f)ll". I co'$are1 t+en1 'an5s &rad)al $ro&ress n selfC
3no8led&e to +s &rad)al dec$+er'ent of t+e nat)re and 'eann& of t+e
s)ns+ne 8+c+ reac+es +' as l&+t and +eat ndscernbl" nter'n&led. (o
also Lfe and Consco)sness1t+e sense of a 8orld 8t+n +' and a 8orld
8t+o)tco'e to t+e c+ld ndscernbl" nter'n&led n a $er2adn& &lo8.
O$tcal anal"ss s$lts )$ t+e 8+te ra" nto t+e 2aro)s colo)red ra"s 8+c+
co'$ose t. P+loso$+cal anal"ss n l3e 'anner s$lts )$ t+e 2a&)e
consco)sness of t+e c+ld nto 'an" fac)ltesGnto t+e 2aro)s e#ternal
senses1 t+e 2aro)s 'odes of t+o)&+t 8t+n. T+s +as been t+e tas3 of
descr$t2e and ntros$ect2e $s"c+olo&". E#$er'ental $s"c+olo&" s
addn& a f)rt+er refne'ent. In t+e s)n5s s$ectr)'1 and n stellar s$ectra1 are
'an" dar3 lnes or bands1 d)e to t+e absor$ton of certan ra"s b" certan
2a$o)rs n t+e at'os$+ere of s)n or stars or eart+. %nd s'larl" n t+e
ran&e of s$ectr)' of o)r o8n sensaton and fac)lt" t+ere are 'an"
neE)altes$er'anent and te'$orar"of br&+tness and defnton. O)r
'ental at'os$+ere s clo)ded b" 2a$o)rs and ll)'ned b" fres1 and s
clo)ded and ll)'ned dfferentl" at dfferent t'es. T+e $s"c+olo&st 8+o
obser2es1 sa"1 +o8 +s reactonCt'es are 'odfed b" alco+ol s l3e t+e
$+"scst 8+o obser2es 8+at lnes are dar3ened b" t+e nter$oston of a
s$ecal &as. O)r 3no8led&e of o)r consco)s s$ectr)' s t+)s beco'n&
contn)all" 'ore acc)rate and detaled.
11* . B)t t)rnn& bac3 once 'ore to t+e $+"scal sde of o)r s'le1 8e
obser2e t+at o)r 3no8led&e of t+e 2sble solar s$ectr)'1 +o8e2er 'n)te1
s b)t an ntrod)cton to t+e 3no8led&e 8+c+ 8e +o$e )lt'atel" to attan
of t+e s)n5s ra"s. T+e l'ts of o)r s$ectr)' do not n+ere n t+e s)n t+at
s+nes1 b)t n t+e e"e t+at 'ar3s +s s+nn&. Be"ond eac+ end of t+at
$rs'atc rbbon are et+erC8a2es of 8+c+ o)r retna ta3es no co&nsance.
+i,GN- Be"ond t+e red end co'e 8a2es 8+ose $otenc" 8e stll reco&nse1
b)t as +eat and not as l&+t. Be"ond t+e 2olet end are 8a2es stll 'ore
'"stero)sG 8+ose 2er" e#stence 'an for a&es ne2er s)s$ected1 and 8+ose
nt'ate $otences are stll b)t obsc)rel" 3no8n. E2en t+)s1 I 2ent)re to
affr'1 be"ond eac+ end of o)r consco)s s$ectr)' e#tends a ran&e of
fac)lt" and $erce$ton1 e#ceedn& t+e 3no8n ran&e1 b)t as "et ndstnctl"
&)essed. T+e artfces of t+e 'odern $+"scst +a2e e#tended far n eac+
drecton t+e 2sble s$ectr)' 3no8n to !e8ton. It s for t+e 'odern
$s"c+olo&st to dsco2er artfces 8+c+ 'a" e#tend n eac+ drecton t+e
consco)s s$ectr)' as 3no8n to Plato or to Rant. T+e $+eno'ena cted n
t+s 8or3 carr" )s1 one 'a" sa"1 as far on8ards as fl)orescence carres )s
be"ond t+e 2olet end. T+e 0 ra"s9 of t+e $s"c+cal s$ectr)' re'an for a
later a&e to dsco2er.
O)r s'le1 ndeedbe t once for all noteds a 'ost '$erfect one.
T+e ran&e of +)'an fac)lt" cannot be tr)l" e#$ressed n an" lnear for'.
E2en a t+reeCd'ensonal sc+e'e1a radaton of fac)ltes fro' a centre of
lfe18o)ld ll render ts co'$le#t". Yet so'et+n& of clearness 8ll be
&aned b" e2en t+s r)d'entar" 'ental $ct)reGre$resentn& consco)s
+)'an fac)lt" as a lnear s$ectr)' 8+ose red ra"s be&n 8+ere 2ol)ntar"
')sc)lar control and or&anc sensaton be&n1 and 8+ose 2olet ra"s fade
a8a" at t+e $ont at 8+c+ 'an5s +&+est stran of t+o)&+t or 'a&naton
'er&es nto re2ere or ecstas".
%t bot+ ends of t+s s$ectr)' I bele2e t+at o)r e2dence ndcates a
'o'ento)s $rolon&aton. Be"ond t+e red end1 of co)rse1 8e alread" 3no8
t+at 2tal fac)lt" of so'e 3nd ')st needs e#tend. 6e 3no8 t+at or&anc
$rocesses are constantl" ta3n& $lace 8t+n )s 8+c+ are not s)bDect to o)r
control1 b)t 8+c+ 'a3e t+e 2er" fo)ndaton of o)r $+"scal ben&. 6e
3no8 t+at t+e +abt)al l'ts of o)r 2ol)ntar" acton can be far e#tended
)nder t+e nfl)ence of stron& e#cte'ent. It need not s)r$rse )s to fnd t+at
a$$ro$rate artfces+"$nots' or selfCs)&&estoncan carr" t+e $o8er of
o)r 8ll o2er o)r or&ans' to a "et f)rt+er $ont.
T+e fac)ltes t+at le be"ond t+e vioet end of o)r $s"c+olo&cal
s$ectr)' 8ll need 'ore delcate e#+bton and 8ll co''and a less read"
belef. T+e actnc ener&" 8+c+ les be"ond t+e 2olet end of t+e solar
s$ectr)' s less ob2o)sl" nfl)ental n o)r 'ateral 8orld t+an s t+e dar3
+eat 8+c+ les be"ond t+e red end. E2en so1 one 'a" sa"1 t+e nfl)ence of
t+e )ltraCntellect)al or s)$ernor'al fac)ltes )$on o)r 8elfare as terrene
or&ans's s less 'ar3ed n co''on lfe t+an t+e nfl)ence of t+e or&anc
or s)bnor'al fac)ltes. Yet t s that $rolon&aton of o)r s$ectr)' )$on
8+c+ o)r &aNe 8ll need to be 'ost stren)o)sl" f#ed. It s there t+at 8e
s+all fnd o)r nE)r" o$enn& )$on a cos'c $ros$ect1 and nctn& )s )$on
an endless 8a".
11) . E2en t+e frst sta&es of t+s $ro&ress are lon& and lab"rnt+neG and
t 'a" be )sef)l to concl)de t+s ntrod)ctor" c+a$ter b" a bref s3etc+ of
t+e 'an tracts across 8+c+ o)r 8ndn& road ')st le. It 8ll +i,GO- be '"
obDect to lead b" transtons as 2ared and as &rad)al as $ossble fro'
$+eno'ena +eld as nor'al to $+eno'ena +eld as s)$ernor'al1 b)t 8+c+
l3e t+e rest are s'$l" and solel" t+e ne2table res)lts and 'anfestatons
of )n2ersal La8.
O)r nE)r" 8ll nat)rall" be&n b" dsc)ssn& t+e s)bl'nal str)ct)re1
n dsease or +ealt+1 of t+ose t8o fa'lar $+ases of +)'an $ersonalt"1
ordnar" 8a3n& and ordnar" slee$. I s+all &o on to consder n 8+at 8a"
t+e dsnte&raton of $ersonalt" b" dsease s 'et b" ts rente&raton and
$)r$os2e 'odfcaton b" +"$nots' and selfCs)&&eston. B" t+at t'e
eno)&+ 8ll +a2e been sad of s)bl'nal $+eno'ena n &eneral to 'a3e t
$ossble to deal 8t+ t+er 2aro)s &ro)$s n se$arate fas+on. I s+all &o on1
t+en1 to t+er 'ode of a)to'atc 'anfestaton1 and frst (C+a$ter VI.) to t+e
sensory automatism 8+c+ s t+e bass of +all)cnaton. T+s ncl)des
$+eno'ena cla'n& an or&n o)tsde t+e a)to'atst5s o8n 'nd. It 8ll be
fo)nd t+at t+at or&n s often to be so)&+t n t+e 'nds of ot+er l2n& 'enG
and 2aro)s for's of teepathy 8ll be bro)&+t )nder re2e8. T+e
conce$ton of tele$at+" s not one t+at n ts nat)re need be confned to
s$rts stll ncarnateG and 8e s+all fnd e2dence (C+a$ter VII.) t+at
nterco)rse of s'larl" drect t"$e can ta3e $lace bet8een dscarnate and
ncarnate s$rts. T+e re'ander of t+e boo3 8ll dsc)ss t+e 'et+ods and
res)lts of t+s s)$ernor'al nterco)rse.
T+s sc+e'e 8ll be de2elo$ed n a seres of c+a$ters 8+ose &eneral
drft and connecton I a' an#o)s t+at t+e reader s+o)ld clearl" &ras$ before
+e st)des t+e' n detal.
119 . /" second c+a$ter 'a" at frst s&+t a$$ear to stra" so'e8+at far
fro' '" 'an $)r$ort. It s of t+e evoution of +)'an $ersonalt" t+at t+s
8or3 $ro$oses to treatGof fac)ltes ne8l" da8nn&1 and of a destn"
&reater t+an 8e 3no8. Yet I ')st be&n 8t+ a detaled dsc)sson of certan
'odes of t+at $ersonalt"5s dsnte&raton and deca". T+e e#tre'e nstances
of s)c+ deca"act)al 'beclt" or nsant"do ndeed le o)tsde '"
$ro2nce. B)t t+ere are 'an" cases 8+ere t+ere s no act)al nsant"1
$robabl" no or&anc dsease of t+e bran1b)t n 8+c+ ne2ert+eless t+ere
are dst)rbances of $ersonalt" 8+c+ teac+ )s 'ore t+an an" t+eoretcal
treatse can do as to t+at co'$le# str)ct)re or s"ner&" 8+c+ t s o)r obDect
to )$b)ld or to de2elo$. %lternatons of $ersonalt" and +"stercal
$+eno'ena &enerall" are n fact s$ontaneo)s e#$er'ents of $recsel" t+e
t"$e 'ost nstr)ct2e to )s. 4or '" o8n ar&)'ent1 ndeed1 I )r&entl" need
so'e tr)e conce$ton of t+e $s"c+olo&cal 'eann& of hysteria,a 2a&)e
ran&e of $+eno'ena called b" a 'eann&less na'eGand 8+en t+at
conce$ton +as been reac+ed1 t+e s)$$ort 8+c+ t &2es b" analo&" to '"
o8n $rnc$al t+ess 8ll be fo)nd to be of t+e 'ost str3n& 3nd. 4or n
+"stera (as '" second c+a$ter 8ll s+o8) 8e +a2e before )s a contracton1
an efface'ent of t+e s$ectr)' of consco)sness1 8+c+ lea2es t+e +"sterc
occ)$"n& ')c+ t+e sa'e $oston relat2el" to o)rsel2es as o)r o8n
s)$ral'nal consco)sness occ)$es (n '" 2e8) relat2el" to o)r 8+ole
self. Or1 to ret)rn to o)r +i,HP- ot+er 'eta$+orJt+e essence of +"stera s
an nstablt" of t+e t+res+olds of consco)sness and of 2ol)ntar"
'o2e'ent1nso')c+ t+at 'an" $erce$tons 8+c+ s+o)ld be f)ll"
consco)s are for t+e t'e s)b'er&ed1 and 'an" actons or 'otor s"nt+eses
8+c+ s+o)ld be s)bDect to 8a3n& 8ll +a2e s)n3 o)t of t+at 8ll5s control.
Occasonall"1 ndeed1 and as a sort of ncdent of t+e &eneral dst)rbance1
so'e fac)ltes +abt)all" s)b'er&ed 'a" rse nto a$$re+enson1 and t+ere
'a" t+)s be at so'e $onts an analo&" bet8een +"stera and &en)s. B)t on
t+e 8+ole t+ese t8o condtons are f)nda'entall" o$$osedG &en)s
consstn& (as 8e s+all $resentl" see) n an ntensfcaton of t+e consco)s
s$ectr)'1+"stera n ts d''n& and nterr)$ton b" dar3 belts of
anFst+esa and abo)la1defect of $erce$ton and of 8llG&en)s
consstn& n t+e )$r)s+ of s)bl'nal fac)lt"1+"stera n t+e descent and
dsa$$earance of fac)lt" 8+c+ s+o)ld be s)$ral'nal nto de$t+s fro'
8+c+ t cannot 2ol)ntarl" be recalled.
1(0 . Contn)n& t+s nE)r" n '" t+rd c+a$ter1 I s+all consder 8+at
3nd of 'an +e s to 8+o' t+e e$t+et of norma,an e$t+et often obsc)re
and 'sleadn&1'a" be 'ost ftl" a$$led. I s+all )r&e t+at n a ra$dl"
altern& &en)sand s)c+ t+e &en)s homo )ndo)btedl" st+e 8ord nor'al
'a" be best )sed to s&nf" s)c+ a co'bnaton of ne8 8t+ old $o8ers as
can at t+e $resent sta&e be effected 8t+o)t dan&ero)s nstablt". If1
+o8e2er1 t be +eld t+at 'an5s de2elo$'ent s not n an" &2en drecton
s)ffcentl" defnte to ad't of t+s 'ode of 'eas)re'ent1 t+en I s+all at
least cla' t+at t+at 'an s+all be re&arded as nor'al 8+o +as t+e f)llest
&ras$ of fac)ltes 8+c+ n+ere n t+e 8+ole race. %'on& t+ese fac)ltes I
s+all 2ent)re to co)nt s)bl'nal as 8ell as s)$ral'nal $o8ersGt+e
'ental $rocesses 8+c+ ta3e $lace belo8 t+e consco)s t+res+old as 8ell as
t+ose 8+c+ ta3e $lace abo2e t. 6+at class of 'en1 t+en1 can 8e re&ard as
rea$n& 'ost ad2anta&e fro' t+s s)b'er&ed 'entatonW /en of genius, I
s+all re$l"Gf to t+e 2a&)e 8ord &en)s 8e 'a" &2e a defnte or
$s"c+olo&cal 'eann&1 8+c+1 8+le ad+ern& $rett" closel" to &eneral
)sa&e1 s+all dstn&)s+ t n so'e real 'anner fro' ot+er for's of ca$act".
()c+ a defnton1 I t+n31 8e s+all attan f 8e descrbe an ns$raton of
&en)s9 as a subimina uprush/an e'er&ence nto ordnar" consco)sness
of deas 'at)red belo8 t+e t+res+old. 4alln& bac3 )$on o)r s'le of t+e
s$ectr)'1 t+s $rocess 8o)ld be re$resented b" t+e br&+tenn& of lnes
$re2o)sl" d''ed b" nter$osn& 2a$o)rsGs)c+ a br&+tenn& as see's
often d)e to an ntensfcaton of t+e central ncandescence. T+e 'an 8+o
t+)s rece2es t+e )$8ard 'essa&e of +s s)b'er&ed self 'a" or 'a" not
fnd n t so'et+n& of 2al)e to t+e 8orld. B)t at an" rate +e tends to8ards
t+e e'$lo"'ent of t+e 8+ole ran&e of +s fac)lt"1 and t+)s also (as 8ll be
seen later on) to8ards a $rofo)nder realsaton of +s en2ron'ent t+an s as
"et $ossble for t+e 'ass of 'en.
T+s 2e8 dffers 8del" fro' t+e est'ate of &en)s no8 n fas+on
8t+ a certan sc+ool of ant+ro$olo&sts1 8+o re&ard t+e 'an of &en)s as n
so'e sense an aberrant or e2en de&enerate t"$e1and class +' 8t+ +i,HG-
t+e cr'nal and t+e l)natc. T+e alle&ed ner2o)s dsorder of 'en of &en)s1
on 8+c+ t+s a$$arent $arado# s based1 s lar&el"1 I t+n31 t+e creaton of
'ere &oss$ and anecdote. (o far as t reall" e#sts1 I re&ard t as ll)stratn&
t+e nstablt" 8+c+ n a ra$dl" c+an&n& s$eces s a$t to c+aracterse
t+ose 2er" or&ans 8+c+ on t+e 8+ole are 'o2n& 'ost decs2el" alon& t+e
$at+ of $ro&ress. T+ere s a $ert)rbaton 8+c+ 'as3s e2ol)tonG and D)st as
at t+e c+ld5s brt+ nto t+e 8orld1 or at +s entrance nto t+e 8der e'otons
of adolescence1 t+ere 'a" be ')c+ t+at s dst)rbn& and stran&e1 so too n
t+at ne8 brt+1 t+at entr" nto t+e e'otons of a 2aster 8orld1 for 8+c+
Eart+Clfe at ts best s one &reat o$$ort)nt"1 t+ere s l3el" to be so'e
strann& and dsr)$ton of t+e s$rt)al or&ans' ada$ted to t+e earler
$+ase. T+e tr)e analo&)e of t+e &en)s s not t+e cr'nal nor t+e l)natc1
b)t t+e c+ld.
1(1 . In t+e fo)rt+ c+a$ter I s+all deal 8t+ t+e alternatn& $+ase t+ro)&+
8+c+ 'an5s $ersonalt" s constr)cted +abt)all" to $ass. I s$ea3 of seep/
8+c+ I re&ard as a $+ase of $ersonalt"1 ada$ted to 'antan o)r e#stence
n t+e s$rt)al en2ron'ent1 and to dra8 fro' t+ence t+e 2talt" of o)r
$+"scal or&ans's. Bot+ slee$ and 8a3n& 8ll t+)s be de2elo$ed $+ases of
an earler and less dfferentated condton1 fro' 8+c+ 8a3n& lfe +as been
de2elo$ed b" $ractcal needs1 8+le slee$1 less c+an&ed e#ternall" fro' t+e
$r't2e state1 'a" ne2ert+eless +a2e )nder&one so'e $arallel e2ol)ton n
ts relatons to t+at 'etet+eral 8orld. %nd t+)s I re&ard t+e $assa&e bac3
fro' 8a3n& nto slee$ as ncl)dn& ele'ents bot+ of reversion and of 8+at
I 'a" ter' preversion. T+ere s frstl" a rela$se or re2erson to an earler
an'al condtonGa condton 8+ere t+e consco)s $art of t+e s$ectr)' la"
nearer to t+e red endG consstn& 'anl" of or&anc fac)ltes and sensatons
'an" of 8+c+ are no lon&er $resent to 8a3n& consco)sness. B)t slee$
also re$resents a sta&e of 8der $otentalt"G a sta&e 8+ere a lon&er
s$ectr)' s 'ore fantl" seenG 8+ereas t+e 8a3n& state re$resents a sta&e n
8+c+ nat)ral selecton on t+s $lanet +as o$erated bot+ to ntensf" t+e
ran&e of fac)lt"1 and also to confne t 8t+n t+e l'ts ser2ceable for
eart+l" lfe. 6+en 8a3n& fac)lt"1 t+)s confned and t+)s ntensfed1 s
d''ed b" slee$1 8e are able to catc+ so'e scattered lnes of feeble
radance be"ond eac+ end of o)r ordnar" s$ectr)'. Of t+e )ltraCred
act2tes I +a2e s$o3en D)st abo2e. B)t t+ere are traces of )ltraC2olet
l)'nost" also. T+ose fac)ltes 8+c+ for' 'an5s ln3 8t+ t+e s$rt)al
8orld1tele$at+" and telFst+esaare a$t (as drea's obsc)rel" s+o8 )s)
to 'a3e n slee$ t+er frst r)d'entar" a$$earanceG or to )se anot+er
'eta$+or1 slee$C8a3n& states teac+ )s to t+n3 of slee$ as a 3nd of
$r't2e 'a&'a9 or 'ot+erCsol)ton9 fro' 8+c+ 2aro)s $+ases of
$ersonalt" +a2e a tendenc" to cr"stallse o)t. (o'na'b)ls'1 trance1
ecstas"1 are s)c+ cr"stallsatonsG re$resentn& coCordnatons of fac)lt"
)nftted ndeed for 'an5s selfC$reser2aton )$on t+s $lanet1 b)t 8+c+ t
'a" be 8ort+ +s 8+le to de2elo$ e#$er'entall"1 8+en once t+at
$reser2aton +as been sec)red.
+i,HH-
Or I 'a" $)t t+e 'atter n "et anot+er 8a"1 so as to brn& o)t a certan
$arallel bet8een t+e for's of dssol)ton and of e2ol)ton to 8+c+ eac+
$+ase of o)r $ersonalt"t+e 8a3n& $+ase and t+e slee$n&+as s+o8n
tself lable.
6+at +"stera s to ordnar" 8a3n& lfe1 that s 'orbd so'na'b)ls'
to slee$G 8+at &en)s s to ordnar" 8a3n& lfe1 that s +"$notc trance to
slee$.
In so'na'b)ls'1 as n 8a3n& +"stera1 t+ere s a narro8n& of t+e
feld of attenton1 acco'$aned b" an arbtrar" )nsettle'ent of t+e t+res+old
of consco)sness. (o'e of t+e nor'al fac)ltes of slee$1as ts or&anc
rec)$erat2e $o8er1'a" n so'na'b)ls' be concealed or arrestedG and
on t+e ot+er +and so'e fac)ltes not nor'al for slee$1as ac)te sensor"
$erce$ton1 delcate ')sc)lar coCordnaton1 'a" rse nto $ro'nence. T+s
e#actl" rese'bles t+e +"sterc nstablt"G and 8e need not 8onder t+at n
so'e +"stercal condtons t+ere s a 'ere conf)son and D)'ble of states of
'$erfect slee$ and of '$erfect 8a3n&.
On t+e ot+er +and1as 8e are no8 abo)t to see1t+e slee$n& $+ase of
$ersonalt" 'a" be &reatl" '$ro2ed1 ts benefcent effects &reatl" e#tended1
b" certan artfces 8+c+ e2o3e n t+e slee$er a $o8er of selfCs)&&eston
8+c+ corres$onds to 8+at n t+e 8a3n& $+ase 8e call an ns$raton of
&en)s.
1(( . T+)s far I s+all +a2e been dealn& 8t+ condtons or $+ases of
$ersonalt" 8+c+1 8+et+er for &ood or e2l1 a$$ear s$ontaneo)sl" and
8t+o)t artfcal nd)cton. 6ere 8e l'ted to s)c+ a re2e8 alone1 I
s+o)ld stll tr)st t+at t+e '$ortance and n a certan sense t+e nde$endence
of t+e s)bl'nal $orton of o)r consco)sness '&+t be bro)&+t o)t b"
caref)l nference. B)t 8e are not n fact t+)s restrcted. 6e are not confned
to obser2aton onl". 6e are able to '# t+ere8t+ an ele'ent of e#$er'ent
8+c+1 alt+o)&+ "et n ts nfanc"1 +as alread"1 n '" 2e81 &2en )s an
ns&+t nto ')c+ of 'an5s nat)re 8+c+ no 'ere s$ec)laton or
ntros$ecton co)ld e2er +a2e reac+ed. 4rst a'on& o)r e#$er'ental
'et+ods I ')st s$ea3 of +"$nots'. T+at 8ord ndeed1 as no8 )sed1 s a
2a&)e one. It ncl)des all t+e 'et+odsand t+e" are all of t+e' fran3l"
e'$rcal8+c+ +a2e been fo)nd s)ccessf)l n nd)cn& n 'an1
8+et+er a$$arentl" 8a3n& or slee$n&18+at s n fact a de2elo$'ent and
concentraton of +s slee$n& $+aseGand n t+)s reac+n& or&anc
$rocesses o2er 8+c+ +s s)$ral'nal 8ll +as no control. T+e c+efso'e
sa" t+e onl"'et+od 8+c+ +as been fo)nd t+)s effect2e s called
s)&&eston9Ga 'ere na'e for an a$$eal to s)bl'nal fac)lt" 8+c+
so'et'es s)cceeds and so'et'es fals1 8t+o)t o)r ben& able et+er to
$redct or to e#$lan ts s)ccess or ts fal)re. Lon& o$$osed or &nored b"
ort+odo# (cence1 t+s 'ode of actn& on 'an5s +dden ben& s no8 n 'ost
co)ntres establs+ed n 'edcal $ractce1 and s ncreasn&l" s)ccessf)l n
t+e drecton es$ecall" of rele2n& $an. %t t+e sa'e t'e t+e
$s"c+o$+"solo&cal $roble's at t+e root +i,HI- of ts s)ccess are E)te
)nsol2edG and ts $rofo)nder nfl)ences on $ersonalt" +a2e +ardl" "et been
a$$roac+ed.
T+e dsc)sson n '" fft+ c+a$tert+at on -"$nots'8ll nat)rall"
fall )nder t+ree 'an +eads. I s+all frst brefl" dsc)ss t+e $s"c+olo&" of
+"$nots'. I s+all consder 8+at act)all" are t+e 'et+ods 8+c+ s)cceed n
+"$nots'18+et+er t+s be called mesmerism on t+e one +and or
suggestion on t+e ot+erGdfferent as$ects of an nfl)ence 8+c+ no na'e
f)ll" e#$resses and 8+c+ no t+eor" f)ll" e#$lans. In t+e ne#t $lace I s+all
descrbe so'e of t+e tr)'$+s of $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs. T+ese c)res effected
b" s)&&eston belon& to t+e 2er" core of '" s)bDect. T+e" are1 so to sa"1 t+e
$)blc ad2ertse'ent or co''ercal a$$lcaton of D)st t+ose +dden and
s)bl'nal fac)ltes 8+c+ for t+e 'ost $art s+o8 t+e'sel2es n less easl"
a$$re+ended fas+on. L3e t+e a$$lcaton of t+e 0 ra"s9 to t+e dsco2er"
and e#tracton of b)llets or needles1 t+ese c)res ')st at least brn& +o'e to
t+e 'ost conser2at2e reader t+e fact t+at t+ere s so'e )ne#$laned a&enc"
o$eratn& )$on +)'an nat)re1so'et+n& of e#traordnar" $otenc" 8+c+
ort+odo# scence +as t+)s far co'$letel" faled to &ras$. (o s)r$rsn&1
ndeed1 are so'e of t+ese c)res1t+e" re$rod)ce so startln&l" certan c)res
+eld of old as 'rac)lo)s1t+at 'an" 'en +a2e been led to as3 8+et+er t
be not n so'e 8a" or ot+er reigion rat+er t+an scence 8+c+ s
ans8erable for t+e 'ar2els. % E)eston1 t+s1 of dee$er '$ort t+an t+e
lterat)re et+er of t+e Lo)rdes 'racles or of %'ercan 'ental scence9
'&+t lead t+e sce$tcal reader to s)$$oseZ On t+s $ont I s+all d8ell at
so'e len&t+G nor s t+ere1 I t+n31 an" lne of nE)r" 'ore essental to t+e
$+"scal 8ellCben& of 'an3nd.
Less cons$c)o)sl" '$ortant1 b)t of eE)al s&nfcance for '"
ar&)'ent1 s t+at &ro)$ of +"$notc res)lts 8+c+ I s+all n t+e t+rd $lace
brefl" dsc)ss. T+ese $+eno'ena I s+all consder frst as t+e" occ)r n
s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& states or so'na'b)ls's1 and t+en as t+e"
a$$ear n cases e#$er'entall" nd)ced1 8+ere t+e" are 'anfested n a
'ore 'ar3ed de&ree. 6e see +ere t+e nfl)ence e#ercsed b" s)&&eston and
selfCs)&&eston on +&+er t"$es of fac)lt"1 s)$ernor'al as 8ell as nor'al1
on c+aracter1 on $ersonalt". It s on t+s sde1 ndeed1 t+at t+e o)tloo3 s t+e
'ost dee$l" nterestn&. /an s n co)rse of e2ol)tonG and t+e 'ost
$re&nant +nt 8+c+ t+ese nascent e#$er'ents +a2e "et &2en +' s t+at t
'a" be n +s $o8er to +asten +s o8n e2ol)ton n 8a"s $re2o)sl"
)n3no8n.
1(3 . In t+e follo8n& c+a$ter on (ensor" %)to'ats' (C+a$ter VI.) I
s+all $roceed to descrbe certan ot+er e#$er'ents1 less fa'lar to t+e
$)blc t+an t+ose classed as +"$notc1 b)t 8+c+ &2e a stll f)rt+er ns&+t
nto o)r s)bl'nal fac)lt". 6t+ t+ose e#$er'ents 8ll be nter'n&led
'an" s$ontaneo)s $+eno'enaG and t+e c+a$ter 8ll ta3e )$ and contn)e
t+e s$ontaneo)s $+eno'ena of C+a$ters III. and IV. as 8ell as t+e
e#$er'ents of C+a$ter V. Its t+e'e 8ll be t+e 'essa&es 8+c+ t+e
s)bl'nal self sends )$ to t+e s)$ral'nal n sensor" for'Gt+e 2sons
+i,HJ- fas+oned nternall"1 b)t 'anfested not to t+e n8ard e"e aloneG t+e
2oces 8+c+ re$eat as t+o)&+ n a)dble tones t+e )tterance of t+e self
8t+n. In t+s 8a" 8e s+all be n contn)ed connecton 8t+ t+e $+eno'ena
of C+a$ter II. alsoG b)t1 nstead of t+e 'orbd +all)cnatons 8+c+ 8ere
t+ere descrbed1 8e s+all be dealn& 8t+ +all)cnatons 8+c+ not onl" are
consstent 8t+ +ealt+ and sant"1 b)t also rese'ble and n a sense s)r$ass
t+e ns$ratons of &en)s n t+er 'anfestaton of '$ortant fac)lt"1
+abt)all" screened fro' o)r 2e8.
E2en so lon& as t+ese s)bl'nal 'essa&es con2e" to )s 3no8led&e of
no ne8 3nd1e2en 8+le t+e" are stll occ)$ed 8t+ t+e 3no8n s$ectr)'1
t+e" are ne2ert+eless f)ll of nstr)cton as re&ards t+e e#tent of s)bl'nal
fac)lt". T+e" are t+e $rod)cts of nternal 2son eDected nto a$$arent
e#ternalt"G and t+e s&+ts $roDected o)t8ards fro' 8t+n )s are to t+e
$s"c+olo&st e2en 'ore nterestn& t+an t+e s&+ts $roDected n8ards fro'
8t+o)t.
B)t at t+s $ont1 and a'd t+ese s)bDect2e +all)cnatons 8+c+1
alt+o)&+ t+e" e0tend, do not f)nda'entall" modi$y $re2o)s conce$tons1
8e co'e face to face 8t+ a class of $erce$tons 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ n one
sense +all)cnator"1 are n anot+er sense t+e 'essen&ers of a tr)t+ dee$er
and 'ore drect fro' t+e so)rce t+an an" 8+c+ o)r ordnar" senses con2e"
to )s. 6e co'e )$on e#$er'ents 8+c+ $ro2e teepathy/t+e transference
of deas and sensatons fro' one 'nd to anot+er 8t+o)t t+e a&enc" of t+e
reco&nsed or&ans of sense. 6e s+all alread" +a2e enco)ntered so'e
tele$at+c and telFst+etc ncdents a'on& t+e $+eno'ena of drea's and of
+"$noss. B)t 8e s+all no8 fnd t+at tele$at+" and telFst+esa occ)r n
8a3n& 'o'ents alsoG occ)r so'et'es as t+e res)lt of drect e#$er'entG
oftener as t+e s$ontaneo)s and a$$arentl" cas)al con2er&ence of forces
8+c+ 8e 'a" be led to s)$$ose to be nor'all" o$erat2e bet8een all of )s.
T+s s t+e central t+e'e of Ed')nd G)rne"5s &hantasms o$ the .iving/ and
s)bseE)ent e#$er'ent and obser2aton1 8+le t+e" +a2e stren&t+ened t+e
e2dence for t+e concl)sons of t+at boo31 +a2e n no 8a" d'ns+ed t+er
startln& '$ortance. Bele2e t+o)&+ 8e 'a" n t+e )lt'ate contn)t" of all
e#stence and o$eraton1 t+ere s stll a 2ast and s)dden se$araton
)nbrd&eable at $resent b" an" +"$ot+ess of et+eral 2bratons or t+e l3e
bet8een t+e s'allest act of tele$at+c trans'sson and all t+at 8e +a2e
$re2o)sl" 3no8n concernn& 'atter and 'oton. E2en f t+ere be no tr)e
R)bcon ds$artn& t+e ocean of t+n&s1 8e +a2e +ere for 'ortal 'nds t+e
R)bcon bet8een t+e 'ec+ancal and t+e s$rt)al conce$tons of t+e
:n2erse. I at least can see no lo&cal +altn&C$lace bet8een t+e frst
ad'sson of s)$ersensor" fac)lt" and t+e concl)son t+at s)c+ fac)lt" s
e#ercsed b" so'e8+at 8t+n )s 8+c+ s not &enerated fro' 'ateral
ele'ents1 nor confned b" 'ec+ancal l'tatons1 b)t 8+c+ 'a" s)r22e
and o$erate )nnD)red n a s$rt)al 8orld.
T+ere s one $artc)lar lne of tele$at+c e#$er'ent and obser2aton +i,
HK- 8+c+ see's to lead )s b" an al'ost contn)o)s $at+8a" across t+at
+t+erto '$assable &)lf. %'on& tele$at+c e0periments, to be&n 8t+1 none
s 'ore re'ar3able t+an t+e occasonal $o8er of so'e a&ent to $roDect
+'self $+antas'all"G to 'a3e +'self 'anfest1 as t+o)&+ n act)al
$resence1 to so'e $erc$ent at a dstance. T+e 'ec+ans' of s)c+
$roDecton s entrel" )n3no8n to t+e a&ent +'selfG nor s t+e act al8a"s
$receded b" an" effort of t+e s)$ral'nal 8ll. B)t o)r records of s)c+
cases do ass)redl" s)&&est a E)te no2el dsen&a&e'ent of so'e nfor'n&
s$rt fro' t+e restrant of t+e or&ans'Ga for' of dstant o$eraton n
8+c+ 8e cannot sa" 8+et+er t+e bod" n ts a$$arent $ass2t" coCo$erates
or no.
6t+ t+ese e#$er'ents n 'nd1 let )s t)rn to t+e 'an &ro)$s of
s$ontaneo)s tele$at+c $+eno'ena 8+c+ fll t+e 8or3 on &hantasms o$ the
.iving abo2e all)ded to. T+ese are a$$artons of a dstant $erson 'anl" at
'o'ents of crss1 and at t+e 'o'ent of deat+. !o8 t+ese s$ontaneo)s
a$$artons at 'o'ents 8+en t+e a&ent 8+ose $+antas' a$$ears s act)all"
$assn& t+ro)&+ so'e e#ternal or nternal crss1 are se$arated b" no clear
lne fro' t+e e#$er'entall" nd)ced $roDecton of a 'an5s $+antas'al
f&)re of 8+c+ I +a2e s$o3en abo2e. (o'et'es1 as I +a2e alread" '$led1
8e +ardl" 3no8 8+et+er to call s)c+ a selfC$roDecton e#$er'ental or not1
snce t+e a&ent does not 3no8 +o8 to acco'$ls+ t1 and 'a" not e2en +a2e
been consco)s of desrn& t at t+e $recse 'o'ent 8+en t occ)rred. T+)s
far t+e seres of $+eno'ena s $lanl" contn)o)s. %nd t re'ans
contn)o)s as 8e &rad)all" $ass on fro' a$$artons concdent 8t+ crses
crses often n2ol2n& &reat dan&er or e2en a$$arent deat+to
a$$artons concdent 8t+ t+e co'a 8+c+ freE)entl" $recedes deat+1 or
8t+ t+e 'o'ent of deat+ tself.
1(+ . %nd t+)s (C+a$ter VII.) 8e co'e face to face 8t+ t+e s)$re'e
$roble'Gf not of all t+eoretcal 3no8led&e1 at least of all 3no8led&e as
bearn& )$on t+e fate and t+e d)t" of 'an. T+e t+eoretcal E)eston of
$r'ar" '$ortance 'a" be s'$l" t+at of t+e e#stence or none#stence of a
s$rt)al 8orld. T+e +)'an or $ractcal E)eston of s)$re'e '$ortance s
t+at of 'an5s $resence or $orton n t+at 8orld1 f t does e#st. To $ro2e t+at
tele$at+" '$les a s$rt)al en2ron'ent 8o)ld be at once to lft o)r
3no8led&e of t+e Cos'os to a +&+er le2el. To $ro2e t+at 'an s)r22es
deat+ 8o)ld also be to transfor' and transf&)re +s 8+ole lfe +ere and
no8. Before )s1 as of old1 s t+at allCe'bracn& $roble'G b)t before )s also1
for t+e frst t'e1 s so'e +nt and ndcaton as to t+e trac3 8+c+ 'a" be
$)rs)ed to8ards ts sol)ton.
T+e old conce$ton of t+e ghosta conce$ton 8+c+ see'ed to belon&
onl" to $r't2e an's' and to 'odern fol3Clore+as rece2ed a ne8
'eann& fro' obser2atons of $+eno'ena occ)rrn& bet8een l2n& 'en.
6e realse t+at a $+antas'al f&)re 'a" bear a tr)e relaton to so'e dstant
$erson 8+ose se'blance s t+)s s+o8nG 8e learn b" +i,HL- nstances of
drectl" $ro2able concdence t+at 8rat+s of t+s 3nd corres$ond 8t+
deat+ too often to lea2e t+e corres$ondence attrb)table to c+ance alone.
T+e 2a&)e E)eston of for'er t'es narro8s do8n1 t+en1 to t+e 'ore $recse
E)estonJ %re t+ere stll concdences1 s t+ere stll e2dence of so'e s)c+
defnte t"$e as t+s1 s+o8n& t+at a $+antas' can a$$ear not onl" at b)t
a$ter a 'an5s bodl" deat+1 and can stll ndcate connecton 8t+ a $ersstent
and nd2d)al lfeW
To t+s dstnct E)eston t+ere can no8 be &2en1 as I bele2e1 a dstnct
and affr'at2e ans8er. 6+en e2dence +as been d)l" anal"sed1 8+en
alternat2e +"$ot+eses +a2e been d)l" 8e&+ed1 t see's to 'e t+at t+ere s
no real brea3 n t+e a$$earance of 2erdcal $+antas's1 or n t+er ca)saton
at t+e 'o'ent of bodl" deat+G b)t rat+er t+at (after settn& asde all 'erel"
s)bDect2e $ostC'orte' a$$artons) t+ere s e2dence t+at t+e selfCsa'e
l2n& s$rt s stll o$eratn&1 and t 'a" be n t+e selfCsa'e 8a". %nd t+)s
'" &eneral do&'a 8ll +a2e rece2ed ts s$ecfc confr'aton. Tele$at+"1 I
+a2e sad1 loo3s l3e a la8 $re2aln& n t+e s$rt)al as 8ell as n t+e
'ateral 8orld. %nd t+at t does so $re2al1 I no8 add1 s $ro2ed b" t+e fact
t+at t+ose 8+o co'')ncated 8t+ )s tele$at+call" n t+s 8orld
co'')ncate 8t+ )s tele$at+call" fro' t+e ot+er. /an1 t+erefore1 s not a
$lanetar" or a transtor" ben&G +e $erssts as 2er" 'an a'on& cos'c and
eternal t+n&s.
If t+s bare fact be &aned1 8e +a2e a bass for s)c+ an edfce of
3no8led&e as 8ll ta3e 'an" &eneratons to )$rear. %t frst1 ndeed1 t+e
'ere obser2aton of t+ese $+antas's does not see' as t+o)&+ t co)ld lead
)s far. It s l3e t+e obser2aton of s+ootn& starsof 'eteors 8+c+ a$$ear
8t+o)t 8arnn& and 2ans+ n a flas+ of fre. Yet s"ste'atc obser2aton
+as learnt ')c+ as to t+ese 'eteorsG +as learnt1 for nstance1 t+e $ont n
+ea2en fro' 8+c+ t+e" ss)eG t+er orbtal relaton to eart+ and s)n.
(o'e8+at s'larl"1 contn)o)s obser2aton of t+ese bref $+antas'al
a$$earances 'a" tell )s ')c+ of t+e' at lastG ')c+1 for nstance1 as to t+er
relat2e freE)enc" at dfferent e$oc+s after deat+G so'et+n& as to t+er
a$$arent 3no8led&e of 8+at +as +a$$ened on eart+ snce t+e" left t. 4ro'
t+e st)d" of 'eteortes1 a&an1 a f)rt+er )ne#$ected dsco2er" +as been
'ade. T+e stone t+at fell do8n fro' 7)$ter9 s no8+ere alone n ts &lor".
T+e sold eart+1 t+e ocean5s floor1 are co2ered 8t+ 'eteorc d)stGt+e d)st
of t+e cos'c 8a"sde1 8+c+ 8e +a2e &at+ered n o)r r)s+ t+ro)&+ t+e
constellatons. E2en t+)s 8e co'e to fnd t+at t+ere are traces o2er all t+e
eart+ of ndeter'nate and )nreco&nsed co'')ncaton fro' a 8orld of
)ne'boded ntell&encesGhauntings of )n3no8n $)r$ort1 and bearn& no
$erce$tble relaton to t+e t+o)&+ts or deeds of l2n& 'en.
1(, . /)c+ 'ore1 ndeed1 t+an 8o)ld at frst see' l3el" can be learnt
b" 'ere $rolon&ed obser2aton of s$ontaneo)s $+antas's of t+e +i,HM-
dead. Yet +ere as e2er"8+ere1+ere 'ore t+an an"8+ere1t+e need of
act)al e#$er'ent s felt. 4or e#$er'ent +ere 8o)ld 'ean t+e con2erson of
t+e scarce dec$+erable flas+ 8+c+ flts before o)r s$ectrosco$e nto a
stead" &lo8G t 8o)ld 'ean t+e enlst'ent of t+e de$arted n consco)s and
8lln& coo$eraton1t+e lon&Cdesred o$$ort)nt" to +ear and to ans8erG
veras audire et reddere voces. %nd n fact s)c+ e#$er'ent t)rns o)t to be
act)all" feasble. It s feasble n connecton 8t+ eac+ of t+e fo)r for's of
co'')ncaton1 of 2erbalsaton1 8t+ 8+c+ +)'an lfe s fa'lar. T+ere s
a $ossblt" of nd)cn& a s$rt)al +earn& and a s$rt)al $ct)reCseen& or
readn&G and also a s$rt)all"C&)ded 8rtn& and s$eec+. Bot+ o)r sensor"
a)to'ats' and o)r 'otor a)to'ats' 'a" be ntated and drected b"
ntell&ence o)tsde o)r o8n.
In C+a$ter VI.1 on (ensor" %)to'ats'1 8e s+all alread" +a2e
dsc)ssed t+e $ass2e 'et+ods n 8+c+ co'')ncatons of t+s 3nd 'a"
be a8ated. 6e +a2e no8 (n C+a$ter VIII.)1 to consder n 8+at 8a"s
/otor %)to'ats'1t+e )n8lled act2t" of +and or 2oce1'a" be )sed
to con2e" 'essa&es 8+c+ co'e to t+e a)to'atst as t+o)&+ fro' 8t+o)t
+'self.
%s t+o)&+ fro' 8t+o)t +'self1 I sa"G b)t of co)rse t+er a$$arent
e#ternalt" does not $ro2e t+at t+e" +a2e not or&nated n s)b'er&ed strata
of +s o8n 'nd. In 'ost cases1 ndeed1 8t+ 'otor as 8t+ sensor"
a)to'ats'1 t+s s $robabl" 8+at reall" occ)rs. 6e fnd t+at a tendenc" to
a)to'atc 8rtn& s b" no 'eans )nco''on a'on& sane and +ealt+"
$ersons. B)t 8e also fnd t+at t+e 'essa&es t+)s &2en do not &enerall" rse
abo2e t+e le2el of an nco+erent drea'. T+e" see' to e'er&e fro' a re&on
8+ere scra$s of t+o)&+t and feeln& e#st conf)sedl"1 8t+ no adeE)ate
central control. Yet so'et'es t+e 2a&)e scra8ln& c+an&es ts c+aracter. It
beco'es 2erdcalG t be&ns to con2e" a 3no8led&e of act)al facts of 8+c+
t+e a)to'atst +as no $re2o)s nfor'atonG t ndcates so'e s)bl'nal
act2t" of +s o8n1 or so'e tele$at+c access to an e#ternal 'nd.
%$$artons 'a" flas+ t+er s&nalsG t+e a)to'atc scr$t 8ll la" t+e 8re.
4or +o8e2er nc+oate and llCcontrolled t+ese 8rtten 'essa&es 'a" be1 f
once t+e" +a2e been rece2ed at all 8e can ass&n no l't to t+er
de2elo$'ent as t+e e#$resson of t+o)&+t t+at $asses ncor$oreall" fro'
'nd to 'nd.
9rom mind to mind, as 8e +a2e alread" seen &ro)nd to +o$e1
nde$endentl" of t+e E)eston 8+et+er bot+ 'nds1 or one onl"1 be stll clad
n fles+. T+ere 8ll often be &reat dffc)lt" of nter$retatonG &reat
$er$le#t" as to t+e tr)e relaton bet8een a 'essa&e and ts alle&ed so)rce.
B)t e2er" "ear of late +as added1e2er" "ear o)&+t to add1bot+ to t+e
'ass of 'atter and to t+e feasblt" of nter$retaton. T+ese are not t+e
+ero&l"$+s of t+e dead1 b)t t+e +ero&l"$+s of t+e l2n&.
1(' . (de b" sde 8t+ t+e a)to'ats' of ar' and +and 8e ')st $lace
t+e a)to'ats' of t+roat and ton&)e (C+a$ter I0.). %)to'atc )tterance
$arallels a)to'atc scr$t t+ro)&+o)t t+e scale of de&rees b" t+s t'e
fa'lar. It be&ns1 t+at s to sa"1 8t+ 'ere nco+erenceG b)t t +i,HN-
ass)'es n so'e cases a 2erdcal c+aracterG 8t+ 3no8led&e del2ered fro'
so'e s)bl'nal strat)' or so'e e#ternal 'nd. %nd n so'e cases t+e
s$ecal 3no8led&e ds$la"ed n t+e )tterances lends $robablt" to t+er
cla' to $roceed fro' a de$arted s$rt.
6+en t+s occ)rs1 8+en t+e )tterance reac+es t+s $ont of 2eract" and
ntenst"1 t s so'et'es acco'$aned b" certan ot+er $+eno'ena 8+c+
for t+ose 8+o +a2e 8tnessed t+e' carr" a sense of realt" 8+c+
descr$ton can +ardl" re$rod)ce. T+e ordnar" consco)sness of t+e
a)to'atst a$$ears to be s)s$endedG +e $asses nto a state of trance18+c+
n ts t)rn see's b)t t+e $re$araton for an occ)$aton b" an n2adn&
ntell&ence1b" t+e s)r22n& s$rt1 let )s boldl" sa"1 of so'e
reco&nsable de$arted frend. T+s frend t+en ds$oses of 2oce and +and
al'ost as freel" as t+o)&+ +e 8ere t+er le&t'ate o8ner. !a"1 'ore t+an
one ntell&ence 'a" t+)s o$erate s')ltaneo)sl"1 and t+e or&ans' 'a"
t+)s a$$ear as ndeed no 'ore t+an t+e or&an of s$rt)al nfl)ences 8+c+
'a3e and brea3 connecton 8t+ t at 8ll.
%nd +ere 8e reac+ a $ont 8+c+ +as beco'e18t+o)t '"
antc$aton1 andas a 'atter (so to sa") of 'ere scentfc $olc"e2en
a&anst '" 8ll1t+e $rnc$al nodus of t+e $resent 8or3. T+s boo31
des&ned or&nall" to carr" on1 as contn)o)sl" and co+erentl" as $ossble1
t+e ar&)'ent and e#$oston of facts 8+c+ n &hantasms o$ the .iving I +ad
aded n settn& before sero)s readers1 +as been forced )ne#$ectedl"
for8ard b" t+e s+eer force of e2dence1 )ntl t ')st no8 d8ell lar&el" on
t+e e#tre'e branc+ of t+e s)bDect1 far be"ond t+e reser2es and ca)to)s
a$$roac+es of t+e earler 8or3.
4or n tr)t+ d)rn& t+e last ten "ears t+e centre of &ra2t" of o)r e2dence
+as s+fted so $rofo)ndl" t+at t can no lon&er be sad t+at t+e relat2e
'asses of e2dence for eac+ class of $+eno'enon corres$ond ro)&+l" to t+e
de&ree of stran&enessof a$$arent dffc)lt"8+c+ t+e $+eno'ena
t+e'sel2es e#+bt. Ten "ears a&o t+ere 8as most e2dence for tele$at+"
bet8een t+e l2n&G ne0t most for $+antas's of t+e deadG east, $er+a$s1 for
t+at act)al $ossesson and control of +)'an or&ans's b" de$arted s$rts1
8+c+ of all o)r $+eno'ena s l3el" to be t+e +ardest for t+e scentfc 'nd
to acce$t1snce t carres )s bac3 to t+e 'ost o)tra&eo)sl" sa2a&e &ro)$
a'on& t+e s)$ersttons of t+e earl" 8orld. 6t+ t+e recent de2elo$'ent of
tranceC$+eno'ena1 +o8e2er1 t+s se'blance of lo&cal $ro$orton +as been
E)c3l" altered. 6e see' s)ddenl" to +a2e arr2ed1 b" a 3nd of s+ort c)t1 at
a drect sol)ton of $roble's 8+c+ 8e +ad tll t+en been a$$roac+n& b"
dffc)lt nference or laboro)s calc)laton of c+ances. 6+at need of
co'$)tn& concdental deat+C8rat+s1of anal"sn& t+e e2dental detals
of $ostC'orte' a$$artons1f +ere 8e +a2e t+e de$arted read" to +ear and
ans8er E)estons1 and to tell )s fran3l" of t+e fate of so)lsW /&+t not t+ese
earler lnes of nE)r" be no8 abandoned alto&et+erWna"1 ')st not o)r
for'er res)lts see' )seless no81 n 2e8 of t+s o2er8+el'n& $roofW
+i,HO-
I re$l" to t+s1 t+at t 8as soon e2dent1 n t+e frst $lace1 t+at o)r
$re2o)s dsc$lned searc+ +ad been b" no 'eans 8asted. T+ere 8as need
of o)r canons of e2dence1 o)r anal"ss of t+e so)rces of s)bl'nal
'essa&es1 n order to satsf" o)rsel2es t+at t+ese tranceC)tterances co)ld n
$art1 b)t n $art onl"1 be e#$laned b" telFst+esa and tele$at+"1o$eratn&
a'on& act)al scenes and t+e 'nds of l2n& 'en. !a"1 f)rt+er1 t+at old
e2dence of o)rs at once e#$laned and 8as e#$laned b" t+e ne8. 4res+
l&+t 8as t+ro8n on 'an" $re2o)s &ro)$s of $+eno'ena1 and t+e" n t+er
t)rn 8ere seen to +a2e $rel)ded to t+e ne8 $+eno'ena n s)c+ fas+on t+at
t+e contn)t" of t+e 8+ole seresalbet a seres ad2ancn& b" lea$s and
bo)nds8as ntell&bl" 'antaned for )s.
4ollo8n& on t+e frst re2elaton of /rs. P$er5s tranceC$+eno'ena ca'e
t+e $er'sson accorded to 'e b" t+e e#ec)tors of /r. (tanton /oses to
read and anal"se +s $r2ate records after +s deat+. T+e stron& '$resson
8+c+ +s $+eno'ena +ad 'ade )$on 'e d)rn& +s lfe 8as ncreased1as
t+e reader 8ll after8ards see1b" t+s $ost+)'o)s and nt'ate st)d"G and
+s +stor" 8as seen to be n 'an" res$ects analo&o)s to /rs. P$er5s.
4)rt+er $arallels +a2e been afforded snce b" 'ore t+an one ot+er 'ed)'G
and t see's to 'e no8 t+at t+e e2dence for co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e
s$rts of dentfed deceased $ersons t+ro)&+ t+e tranceC)tterances and
8rtn&s of senst2es a$$arentl" controlled b" t+ose s$rts s establs+ed
be"ond sero)s attac3.
In sa"n& t+s1 +o8e2er1 I desre to e#$lan1n antc$aton of ob2o)s
and le&t'ate crtcs'1t+at t+ro)&+o)t all t+s dsc)sson of s$rtC
$ossesson9 I )se $)r$osel" t+e s'$lest and 'ost $o$)lar ter's1 8t+o)t b"
an" 'eans den"n& t+at ter's 'ore acc)rate and $+loso$+cal 'a" be
)lt'atel" attanable. 6+at I feel s)re of s t+at s)c+ 'ore acc)rate ter's
+a2e not "et been attanedGt+at 8e are not "et D)stfed n )sn& an"
no'enclat)re 8+c+ ass)'es t+at 8e $ossess a dee$er 3no8led&e of 8+at s
&on& on t+an t+e 'essa&es t+e'sel2es +a2e &2en )s. I do not of co)rse
'ean t+at 8e o)&+t to acce$t t+e 'essa&es )nE)estonn&l" as ben& n all
cases lterall" 8+at t+e" cla' to be. 6e 3no8 of 2aro)s ver caus,
consco)s or )nconsco)s fra)d1 selfCs)&&eston1 tele$at+" bet8een t+e
l2n&1 and t+e l3e1 8+c+ 8e are bo)nd to re&ard as $ossbl" o$erat2e1 and
8+c+ enable )s to resol2e 'an" a)to'atc 'essa&es nto 'ere ll)stratons
of a&ences $re2o)sl" 3no8n. B)t I 'ean t+at 8+ere 8e &et be"ond t+ese
s'$ler ca)ses18+ere 8e are forced to acce$t t+e 'essa&es as
re$resentn& n so'e 8a" t+e contn)ed dentt" of a for'er denNen of
eart+1I do not t+n3 t+at et+er tradton or $+loso$+" affords )s an" sold
standC$ont fro' 8+c+ to crtcse t+ose 'essa&esGan" s)c+ 3no8led&e
of t+e nat)re or destn" of t+e +)'an so)l as can at $resent D)stf" )s n
transating t+e'1 so to sa"1 nto an" 8o)ldCbe nter$retat2e ter'nolo&" of
o)r o8n. ()c+ crtcal $o8er 8e 'a" $er+a$s ac+e2e n t+e f)t)reG b)t 8e
s+all +a2e to ac+e2e t1 I t+n31 b" caref)l collaton of 'an" 'ore s)c+
'essa&es t+an 8e as "et $ossess.
+i,IP-
1(* . T+e reader 8+o 'a" feel ds$osed to &2e +s ad+eson to t+s
c)l'natn& &ro)$ of t+e lon& seres of e2dences 8+c+ +a2e $onted 8t+
'ore and 'ore clearness to t+e s)r22al of +)'an $ersonalt"1 and to t+e
$ossblt" for 'en on eart+ of act)al co''erce 8t+ a 8orld be"ond1 'a"
feel $er+a$s t+at t+e desiderium orbis cathoici, t+e nt'ate and )n2ersal
+o$e of e2er" &eneraton of 'en1 +as ne2er tll t+s da" a$$roac+ed so near
to f)lfl'ent. T+ere +as ne2er been so far a $ros$ect for Lfe and Lo2e. B)t
t+e &oal to 8+c+ 8e tend s not an deal of $ersonal +a$$ness alone. T+e
antc$aton of o)r o8n f)t)re s b)t one ele'ent n t+e $ros$ect 8+c+
o$ens to )s no8. O)r nE)r" +as broadened nto a 8der sco$e. T+e $ont
fro' 8+c+ 8e started 8as an anal"ss of t+e latent fac)ltes of 'an. T+e
$ont to8ards 8+c+ o)r ar&)'ent +as carred )s s t+e e#stence of a
s$rt)al en2ron'ent n 8+c+ t+ose fac)ltes o$erate1 and of )nseen
ne&+bo)rs 8+o s$ea3 to )s t+ence 8t+ slo8l" &at+ern& $o8er. ,ee$ n
t+s s$rt)al en2ron'ent t+e cos'c secret les. It s o)r b)sness to collect
t+e s'allest ndcatonsG to carr" o)t fro' t+s treas)r" of R+a'$snt)s so
')c+ as o)r bare +ands can steal a8a". 6e +a2e 8on o)r scra$s of s$rt)al
e#$erence1 o)r 'essa&es fro' be+nd t+e 2elG 8e can tr" t+e' n t+er
connecton 8t+ certan en&'as 8+c+ $+loso$+" +ardl" +o$ed to be able
to $)t to $roof. Can 8e1 for nstance1 learn an"t+n&1to be&n 8t+
f)nda'ental $roble's1of t+e relaton of s$rt)al $+eno'ena to ($ace1 to
T'e1 to t+e 'ateral 8orldW
%s to t+e dea of ($ace1 t+e e2dence 8+c+ 8ll +a2e been $resented
8ll enable )s to s$ea3 8t+ $er+a$s 'ore clearness t+an co)ld +a2e been
+o$ed for n s)c+ a 'atter. ($rt)al lfe1 8e nfer1 s not bo)nd and
confned b" s$aceCconsderatons n t+e sa'e 8a" as t+e lfe of eart+. B)t n
8+at 8a" s t+at &reater freedo' attanedW It a$$ears to be attaned b" t+e
'ere e#tenson of certan lcenses (so to call t+e') $er'tted to o)rsel2es.
6e on eart+ s)b't to t8o fa'lar la8s of t+e $+"scal )n2erse. % bod"
can onl" act 8+ere t s. Onl" one bod" can occ)$" t+e sa'e $art of s$ace at
t+e sa'e 'o'ent. %$$led to co''on affars t+ese r)les are of $lan
constr)cton. B)t once &et be"ond $onderable 'atter1once brn& lfe and
et+er nto $la"1 and defntons beco'e dffc)lt ndeed. T+e orator1 t+e $oet1
8e sa"1 can onl" act 8+ere +e sGb)t 8+ere s +eW -e +as transfor'ed t+e
s+eet of $a$er nto a s$rt)al a&enc"Gna"1 t+e 'ere 'e'or" of +'
$erssts as a so)rce of ener&" n ot+er 'nds. %&an1 8e 'a" sa" t+at no
ot+er bod" can be n t+e sa'e $lace as t+s 8rtn&CtableG b)t 8+at of t+e
et+erW 6+at 8e +a2e t+)s far learnt of s$rt)al o$eraton see's 'erel" to
e#tend t+ese t8o $ossbltes. Tele$at+" ndefntel" e#tends t+e ran&e of an
)ne'boded s$rt5s $otental $resence. T+e nter$enetraton of t+e s$rt)al
8t+ t+e 'ateral en2ron'ent lea2es t+s $onderable $lanet )nable to c+ec3
or to +a'$er s$rt)al $resence or o$eraton. (tran&e and ne8 t+o)&+ o)r
e2dence 'a" be1 t needs at $resent n ts relaton to s$ace not+n& 'ore
t+an an ''ense e#tenson of conce$tons 8+c+ +i,IG- t+e dsa$$earance
of eart+l" l'tatons 8as certan ''ensel" to e#tend.
-o81 t+en1 does t+e 'atter stand 8t+ re&ard to o)r relaton to T'eW
,o 8e fnd t+at o)r ne8 $+eno'ena $ont to an" 'ode of )nderstandn&1 or
of transcendn& T'e f)nda'entall" dfferent fro' t+ose 'odes 8+c+ 8e
+a2e at o)r co''andW
In dealn& 8t+ T'e Past 8e +a2e 'e'or" and 8rtten recordG n
dealn& 8t+ T'e 4)t)re 8e +a2e foret+o)&+t1 dra8n& nferences fro' t+e
$ast.
Can1 t+en1 t+e s$rt)al 3no8led&e of Past and 4)t)re 8+c+ o)r
e2dence s+o8s be e#$laned b" ass)'n& t+at t+ese e#stn& 'eans of
3no8led&e are rased to a +&+er $o8erW Or are 8e dr2en to $ost)late
so'et+n& n t+e nat)re of T'e 8+c+ s to )s nconce2ableGso'e
coe#stence of Past and 4)t)re n an eternal !o8W It s $lanl" 8t+ T'e
Past t+at 8e ')st be&n t+e nE)r".
T+e 3no8led&e of t+e $ast 8+c+ a)to'atc co'')ncatons 'anfest s
n 'ost cases a$$arentl" referable to t+e act)al 'e'or" of $ersons stll
e#stn& be"ond t+e to'b. It reac+es )s tele$at+call"1 as fro' a 'nd n
8+c+ re'ote scenes are stll '$rnted. B)t t+ere are certan scenes 8+c+
are not easl" ass&ned to t+e nd2d)al 'e'or" of an" &2en s$rt. %nd f
t be $ossble for )s to learn of $resent facts b" telFst+esa as 8ell as b"
tele$at+"Gb" so'e drect s)$ernor'al $erc$ence 8t+o)t t+e
nter2enton of an" ot+er 'nd to 8+c+ t+e facts are alread" 3no8n1'a"
t+ere not be also a retroco&nt2e telFst+esa b" 8+c+ 8e 'a" attan a
drect 3no8led&e of facts n t+e $astW
(o'e conce$ton of t+s 3nd 'a" $ossbl" co'e nearest to t+e tr)t+. It
'a" e2en be t+at so'e 6orldC(o)l s $erennall" consco)s of all ts $astG
and t+at nd2d)al so)ls1 as t+e" enter nto dee$er consco)sness1 enter nto
so'et+n& 8+c+ s at once re'nscence and act)alt". B)t ne2ert+eless a
narro8er +"$ot+ess 8ll co2er t+e act)al cases 8t+ 8+c+ 8e +a2e to deal.
Past facts are 3no8n to 'en on eart+ not fro' 'e'or" onl"1 b)t b" 8rtten
recordG and t+ere 'a" be records1 of 8+at 3nd 8e 3no8 not1 8+c+ $ersst
n t+e s$rt)al 8orld. O)r retroco&ntons see' often a reco2er" of solated
fra&'ents of t+o)&+t and feeln&1 $ebbles stll +ard and ro)nded a'd t+e
ndec$+erable sands o2er 8+c+ t+e '&+t" 8aters are rolln& e2er'ore.9
6+en 8e loo3 fro' T'e Past to T'e 4)t)re 8e are confronted 8t+
essentall" t+e sa'e $roble's1 t+o)&+ n a stll 'ore $er$le#n& for'1 and
8t+ t+e 8orldCold '"ster" of 4ree 6ll versus !ecesst" loo'n& n t+e
bac3&ro)nd. %&an 8e fnd t+at1 D)st as nd2d)al 'e'or" 8o)ld ser2e to
e#$lan a lar&e $ro$orton of Retroco&nton1 so nd2d)al foret+o)&+ta
s)bl'nal foret+o)&+t1 based often on $rofo)nd or&anc facts not nor'all"
3no8n to )s8ll e#$lan a lar&e $ro$orton of Preco&nton. B)t +ere
a&an 8e fnd also $reco&ntons 8+c+ transcend 8+at see's e#$lcable b"
t+e fores&+t of an" 'nd s)c+ as 8e 3no8G +i,IH- and 8e are te'$ted to
drea' of a 6orldC(o)l 8+ose 4)t)re s as $resent to t as ts Past. B)t n
t+s s$ec)laton also1 so 2ast and 2a&)e an e#$lanaton see's for t+e $resent
be"ond o)r needsG and t s saferf a)&+t be safe n t+s re&on 8+c+ onl"
act)al e2dence co)ld +a2e e'boldened )s to a$$roac+to ta3e ref)&e n
t+e conce$ton of ntell&ences not nfnte1 "et &fted 8t+ a fores&+t 8+c+
stran&el" transcends o)r o8n.
Closel" alled to s$ec)latons s)c+ as t+ese s anot+er s$ec)laton1 'ore
ca$able of ben& s)bDected to e#$er'ental test1 "et 8+c+ re'ans stll
nconcl)s2el" tested1 and 8+c+ +as beco'e for 'an" reasons a st)'bln&C
bloc3 rat+er t+an a corroboraton n t+e s$rt)al nE)r". I refer to t+e
E)eston 8+et+er an" nfl)ence s e#ercsed b" s$rts )$on t+e &ross
'ateral 8orld ot+er8se t+an t+ro)&+ ordnar" or&anc str)ct)res. 6e
3no8 t+at t+e s$rt of a l2n& 'an controls +s o8n or&ans'1 and 8e s+all
see reason to t+n3 t+at dscarnate s$rts 'a" also control1 b" so'e for' of
$ossesson19 t+e or&ans's of l2n& $ersons1'a" affect drectl"1 t+at s
to sa"1 so'e $ortons of 'atter 8+c+ 8e call l2n&1 na'el"1 t+e bran of
t+e entranced senst2e. T+ere see's to 'e1 t+en1 no $arado# n t+e
s)$$oston t+at so'e effect s+o)ld be $rod)ced b" s$rt)al a&enc"
$ossbl" t+ro)&+ t+e 'edaton of so'e 3nd of ener&" der2ed fro' l2n&
+)'an ben&s)$on nan'ate 'atter as 8ell. %nd I bele2e t+at as a fact
s)c+ effects +a2e been obser2ed and recorded n a tr)st8ort+" 'anner b"
(r 6. Croo3es1 t+e late ,r. ($eer1 and ot+ers1 n t+e cases es$ecall" of ,.
,. -o'e and of 6. (tanton /oses. If1 ndeed1 I call t+ese and certan ot+er
records stll nconcl)s2e1 t s 'anl" on acco)nt of t+e 'ass of 8ort+less
narrat2es 8t+ 8+c+ t+e" +a2e been n so'e sense s'ot+eredG t+e lon&
+stor" of soCcalled n2est&atons 8+c+ +a2e conssted 'erel" n an
nterc+an&e of cred)lt" and fra)d. 4or t+e $resent t+e e2dence of t+s 3nd
8+c+ +as real 2al)e s better $resented1 I t+n31 n se$arate records t+an
collected or dsc)ssed n an" &eneralsed for'. %ll t+at I $)r$ose n t+s
8or31 t+erefore1 s brefl" to ndcate t+e relaton 8+c+ t+ese $+"scal
$+eno'ena9 +old to t+e $s"c+cal $+eno'ena 8t+ 8+c+ '" boo3 s
concerned. %lon&sde of t+e fac)lt" or ac+e2e'ent of 'an5s ordnar" or
s)$ral'nal self I s+all de'arcate t+e fac)lt" or ac+e2e'ent 8+c+ I
ascrbe to +s s)bl'nal selfG and alon&sde of t+s a&an I s+all arran&e
s)c+ fe8 8ellCattested $+eno'ena as see' primF $acie to de'and t+e
$+"scal nter2enton of dscarnate ntell&ences.
1() . I +a2e traced t+e )t'ost l'ts to 8+c+ an" cla' to a scentfc
bass for t+ese nE)res can at $resent be $)s+ed. Yet t+e s)bDectC'atter +as
not "et been e#+a)sted of +alf ts s&nfcance. T+e concl)sons to 8+c+ o)r
e2dence $onts are not s)c+ as can be dsc)ssed or ds'ssed as a 'ere
'atter of s$ec)lat2e c)rost". T+e" affect e2er" +i,II- belef1 e2er"
fac)lt"1 e2er" +o$e and a' of 'anG and t+e" affect +' t+e 'ore nt'atel"
as +s nterests &ro8 'ore $rofo)nd. 6+ate2er 'eann& be a$$led to
et+cs1 to $+loso$+"1 to rel&on1 t+e concern of all t+ese s +ere.
It 8o)ld +a2e been nconsstent 8t+ '" 'an $)r$ose +ad I
nter$olated consderatons of t+s 3nd nto t+e bod" of t+s 8or3. 4or t+at
$)r$ose 8as abo2e all to s+o8 t+at real's left t+)s far to $+loso$+" or to
rel&on1too often to 'ere s)$erstton and dle drea'1'&+t n t+e end
be bro)&+t )nder stead" scentfc r)le. I contend t+at Rel&on and (cence
are no se$arable or nde$endent $ro2nces of t+o)&+t or actonG b)t rat+er
t+at eac+ na'e '$les a dfferent as$ect of t+e sa'e dealG t+at deal
ben& t+e co'$letel" nor'al reacton of t+e nd2d)al s$rt to t+e 8+ole of
cos'c la8.
%ss)redl" t+s dee$enn& res$onse of 'an5s s$rt to t+e Cos'os
dee$enn& ro)nd +' ')st be affected b" all t+e s&nals 8+c+ no8 are
&l''ern& o)t of n&+t to tell +' of +s n'ost nat)re and +s endless fate.
6+o can t+n3 t+at et+er (cence or Re2elaton +as s$o3en as "et 'ore
t+an a frst +alfCco'$re+ended 8ordW B)t f n tr)t+ so)ls de$arted call to
)s1 t s to t+e' t+at 8e s+all lsten 'ost of all. 6e s+all 8e&+ t+er
)ndes&ned concordances1 8e s+all anal"se t+e con&r)t" of t+er 'essa&e
8t+ t+e facts 8+c+ s)c+ a 'essa&e s+o)ld e#$lan. To so'e t+o)&+ts
8+c+ 'a" t+)s be &enerated I s+all tr" to &2e e#$resson n an E$lo&)e to
t+e $resent 8or3.
+i,IJ-
CHAPTER II
DISINTEGRATIONS OF
PERSONALITY

,
, .
|Translation |
-ER%CLIT:(.
(00 . Of t+e race of 'an 8e 3no8 for certan t+at t +as been e2ol2ed
t+ro)&+ 'an" a&es and t+ro)&+ co)ntless for's of c+an&e. 6e 3no8 for
certan t+at ts c+an&es contn)e stllG na"1 t+at 'ore ca)ses of c+an&e act
)$on )s n fft" "ears of E)ro$e9 t+an n a c"cle of Cat+a".9 6e 'a"
reasonabl" conDect)re t+at t+e race 8ll contn)e to c+an&e 8t+ ncreasn&
ra$dt"1 and t+ro)&+ a $erod n co'$arson 8t+ 8+c+ o)r ran&e of
recorded +stor" s+rn3s nto a 'o'ent.
T+e act)al nat)re of t+ese co'n& c+an&es1 ndeed1 les be"ond o)r
'a&naton. /an" of t+e' are $robabl" as nconce2able to )s no8 as
e"es&+t 8o)ld +a2e been to o)r e"eless ancestors. %ll t+at 8e can do s to
note so far as $ossble t+e str)ct)ral la8s of o)r $ersonalt" as ded)ced fro'
ts c+an&es t+)s farG nferrn& t+at for so'e t'e to co'e1 at an" rate1 ts
f)rt+er c+an&es 8ll $roceed )$on s'lar lnes.
I +a2e alread" (C+a$ter I.) ndcated t+e &eneral 2e8 as to t+e nat)re of
+)'an $ersonalt" 8+c+ s 'antaned n t+s 8or3. I re&ard eac+ 'an as at
once $rofo)ndl" )ntar" and al'ost nfntel" co'$oste1 as n+ertn& fro'
eart+l" ancestors a ')lt$le# and colonal9 or&ans'$ol"Noc and
$er+a$s $ol"$s"c+c n an e#tre'e de&reeG b)t also as r)ln& and )nf"n&
t+at or&ans' b" a so)l or s$rt absol)tel" be"ond o)r $resent anal"ssa
so)l 8+c+ +as or&nated n a s$rt)al or 'etet+eral en2ron'entG 8+c+
e2en 8+le e'boded s)bssts n t+at en2ron'entG and 8+c+ 8ll stll
s)bsst t+eren after t+e bod"5s deca".
It s1 of co)rse1 '$ossble for )s to $ct)re to o)rsel2es t+e 8a" n
8+c+ t+e nd2d)al lfe of eac+ cell of t+e bod" s reconcled 8t+ t+e )nt"
of t+e central lfe 8+c+ controls t+e bod" as a 8+ole. B)t t+s dffc)lt" s
not created or ntensfed b" t+e +"$ot+ess of a se$arate and $ersstent so)l.
On no +"$ot+ess can 8e reall" )nderstand t+e collaboraton and t+e
s)bordnaton of t+e cellCl2es of an" ')ltcell)lar an'al. It s as
'"stero)s n t+e starfs+ as t s n PlatoG and t+e e&+t brans of %)rela9
8t+ t+er nd2d)al and t+er co''on lfe are as nconce2able +i,IK- as
t+e lfe of t+e $+a&oc"tes n t+e $+loso$+er5s 2ens1 n t+er relaton to +s
central t+o)&+t.
*
(01 . I cla'1 n fact1 t+at t+e ancent +"$ot+ess of an nd8elln& so)l1
$ossessn& and )sn& t+e bod" as a 8+ole1 "et bearn& a real1 t+o)&+ obsc)re
relaton to t+e 2aro)s 'ore or less a$$arentl" ds$arate consco)s &ro)$n&s
'anfested n connecton 8t+ t+e or&ans' and n connecton 8t+ 'ore or
less localsed &ro)$s of ner2eC'atter1 s a +"$ot+ess not 'ore $er$le#n&1
not 'ore c)'bro)s1 t+an an" ot+er +"$ot+ess "et s)&&ested. I cla' also
t+at t s conce2abl" $ro2able1I '"self +old t as act)all" $ro2ed1b"
drect obser2aton. I +old t+at certan 'anfestatons of central
nd2d)altes1 assocated no8 or for'erl" 8t+ certan defnte or&ans's1
+a2e been obser2ed n o$eraton a$art fro' t+ose or&ans's1 bot+ 8+le t+e
or&ans's 8ere stll l2n&1 and after t+e" +ad deca"ed. 6+et+er or no t+s
t+ess be as "et s)ffcentl" $ro2ed1 t s at least at 2arance 8t+ no
scentfc $rnc$le nor establs+ed fact 8+ate2erG and t s of a nat)re 8+c+
contn)ed obser2aton 'a" conce2abl" establs+ to t+e satsfacton of all.
T+e ne&at2e t+ess1 on t+e ot+er +and1 s a t+ess n )nstable eE)lbr)'. It
cannot be absol)tel" $ro2ed b" an" n)'ber of ne&at2e nstancesG and t
'a" be absol)tel" ds$ro2ed b" a sn&le $ost2e nstance. It 'a" +a2e at
$resent a &reater scentfc currency, b)t t can +a2e no real scentfc
a)t+ort" as a&anst t+e 2e8 defended n t+ese $a&es.
(0( . Lea2n& t+ese E)estons1 +o8e2er1 asde for t+e $resent1 8e 'a"
a&ree t+at n t+e or&ans' as 8e can obser2e t n co''on lfe 8e +a2e no
co'$lete or )nc+an&n& )nt"1 b)t rat+er a co'$le# +erarc+" of &ro)$s of
cells e#ercsn& 2a&)el" l'ted f)nctons1 and 8or3n& to&et+er 8t+ ro)&+
$recson1 tolerable +ar'on"1 far s)ccess. T+at t+ese $o8ers e2er 8or3
per$ecty to&et+er 8e +a2e no e2dence. O)r feeln& of +ealt+ s b)t a ro)&+
+a$+aNard re&ster of 8+at s $assn& 8t+n )s. !or 8o)ld t e2er be
$ossble to defne a $er'anentl" deal stat)s n an or&ans' n 'o2n&
eE)lbr)'1an or&ans' 8+c+ l2es b" e#$lodn& )nstable co'$o)nds1
and 8+c+ s constantl" a'n& at ne8 ends at t+e e#$ense of t+e old.
/an" dst)rbances and dsnte&ratons of t+e $ersonalt" ')st $resentl"
fall to be descrbed. B)t t+e reader 8+o 'a" follo8 'e ')st re'e'ber t+e
$ont of 2e8 fro' 8+c+ I a' 8rtn&. T+e a' of '" anal"ss s not to
destro" b)t to f)lflGor sa"1 rat+er1 '" +o$e s t+at obser2aton of t+e
8a"s n 8+c+ t+e $ersonalt" tends to dsnte&rate 'a" s)&&est 'et+ods
8+c+ 'a" tend on t+e ot+er +and to ts 'ore co'$lete nte&raton.
()c+ '$ro2e'ents )$on t+e nat)ral condtons of t+e or&ans' are not
)n3no8n. 7)st as t+e st)d" of +"stera deals 'anl" 8t+ nstabltes n +i,
IL- t+e t+res+old of consco)sness1 so does t+e st)d" of N"'otc dsease
deal 'anl" 8t+ nstabltes n t+e constt)ton of t+e blood. T+e ordnar"
obDect of t+e $+"scan s to c+ec3 t+ese nstabltes 8+en t+e" occ)rG to
restore +ealt+" blood n t+e $lace of 2tated. T+e e#$er'ental bolo&st +as
a f)rt+er a'. -e 8s+es to $ro2de 'en 8t+ better blood t+an nat)re +as
besto8edG to elct fro' 2r)s and deca" so'e ele'ent 8+ose nf)son nto
t+e 2ens 'a" &2e '')nt" a&anst 'crobc n2ason. %s t+e ad)lt s safer
a&anst s)c+ attac3s t+an t+e c+ld b" dnt of +s 'ore ad2anced
de2elo$'ent1 so s t+e '')nsed ad)lt safer t+an t+e co''on 'an. T+e
c+an&e n +s blood 8+c+ +ealt+" 'at)rt" +as nd)ced +as 'ade +' safe
a&anst 8+oo$n&Cco)&+. T+e c+an&e n +s blood 8+c+ 8e effect b"
nDectn& antto#n 'a3es +' te'$orarl" safe a&anst d$+t+era. 6e +a2e
'$ro2ed )$on nat)reGand o)r artfce +as been prophyactic b" 2rt)e of
ben& n a certan sense deveopmenta.
E2en s)c+1 I tr)st1 'a" be t+e ac+e2e'ent of e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&"
n a later da". I s+all be 8ell content f n t+s c+a$ter I can &2e +nts for
so'e f)t)re coll&aton of s)c+ e2ol)t2e $+eno'ena as 'a" l)r3 a'd a
'ass of $+eno'ena 'anl" dssol)t2e$+eno'ena 8+ose records are
scattered and '$erfect1 and +a2e as "et onl" n so'e fe8 drectons1 and b"
E)te recent 8rters1 been collated or s"ste'atsed on an" defnte $lan.
(03 . T+e dsc)sson of t+ese dsnte&ratons of $ersonalt" needs1 I
t+n31 so'e lttle clearn& of t+e &ro)nd before+and1 f t s to a2od
conf)son. It 8ll be needf)l to s$ea3 of conc)rrent and alternatn& strea's
of consco)sness1of s)bl'nal and s)$ral'nal strata of $ersonalt" and
t+e l3eG$+rases 8+c+ sa2e ')c+ tro)ble 8+en )sed 8t+ care1 b)t 8+c+
need so'e 8ords of $rel'nar" e#$lanaton. It s not eas" to realse t+at
an"t+n& 8+c+ deser2es t+e na'e of consco)sness can be &on& on 8t+n
)s1 a$art fro' t+at central strea' of t+o)&+t and feeln& 8t+ 8+c+ 8e
dentf" o)rsel2es n co''on lfe. (o'et+n& of defnton s neededGnot
ndeed of an" for'al or do&'atc 3ndGb)t eno)&+ to 'a3e clear t+e
sense &2en to s)c+ 8ords as consco)sness1 'e'or"1 $ersonalt"1 n t+e
ens)n& $a&es.
I be&n1 t+en1 8t+ t+e ob2o)s re'ar3 t+at 8+en 8e conce2e an" act
ot+er t+an o)r o8n as a consco)s act1 8e do so et+er beca)se 8e re&ard t
as compe0, and t+erefore purposive, or beca)se 8e $erce2e t+at t +as been
remembered. T+)s 8e call t+e fencer or t+e c+essC$la"er f)ll" consco)sG or1
a&an1 8e sa"1 T+e 'an 8+o see'ed st)nned after t+at blo8 on t+e +ead
')st reall" +a2e been consco)s all t+e t'eG for +e after8ards recalled
e2er" ncdent.9 T+e memorabiity of an act s1 n fact1 a better $roof of
consco)sness t+an ts co'$le#t". T+)s consco)sness +as been dened bot+
to +"$notsed s)bDects and to do&sG b)t t s easer to $ro2e t+at t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect s consco)s t+an t+at t+e do& s consco)s. 4or t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect1 t+o)&+ +e 'a" for&et t+e ncdents of t+e trance 8+en
+e a8a3es1 8ll re'e'ber t+e' n t+e ne#t tranceG or +e 'a" be traned to
re'e'ber t+e' n t+e 8a3n& state alsoG 8+le 8t+ +i,IM- re&ard to t+e do&
8e cannot decde fro' t+e 'ere co'$le#t" of +s actons +o8 far +e s
consco)s of t+er $erfor'ance. 6t+ +'1 too1 t+e best lne of $roof les n
+s ob2o)s 'e'or" of $ast acts. %nd "et1 alt+o)&+ all a&ree t+at o)r o8n
'e'or"1 broadl" s$ea3n&1 $ro2es o)r $ast consco)sness1 so'e $ersons
8o)ld not ad't t+at a do&5s 'e'or" does so too. T+e do&5s or&ans'1 t+e"
8o)ld sa"1 res$onds1 no do)bt1 n a ne8 'anner to a second re$etton of a
$re2o)s st')l)sG b)t t+s s 'ore or less tr)e of all l2n& or&ans's1 or
$arts of or&ans's1 e2en far belo8 8+at 8e &enerall" re&ard as a consco)s
le2el.
Reflectons of t+s 3nd nat)rall" lead to a 8der conce$ton of
consco)sness. It s &rad)all" seen t+at t+e earler nE)res 8+c+ 'en +a2e
'ade abo)t consco)sness +a2e been of a 'erel" et+cal or le&al c+aracterG
+a2e s'$l" a'ed at decdn& 8+et+er at a &2en 'o'ent a 'an 8as
responsibe for +s acts1 et+er to a +)'an or to a d2ne trb)nal. Co''on
sense +as see'ed to enco)ra&e t+s 'et+od of defnte de'arcatonG 8e
D)d&e $ractcall" et+er t+at a 'an s consco)s or t+at +e s notG n t+e
e#$erence of lfe nter'edate states are of lttle '$ortance.
%s soon1 +o8e2er1 as t+e $roble' s re&arded as a $s"c+olo&cal one1 to
be decded b" obser2aton and e#$er'ent1 t+ese +ard and fast lnes &ro8
fanter and fanter. 6e co'e to re&ard consco)sness as an attrb)te 8+c+
'a" $ossbl" be $resent n all 3nds of 2ar"n& de&rees n connecton 8t+
t+e an'al and 2e&etable 8orldsG as t+e $s"c+cal co)nter$art of lfeG as
conce2abl" t+e $s"c+cal co)nter$art of all $+eno'enal e#stence. Or1
rat+er1 8e 'a" sa" t+s of mind, to 8+c+1 n ts 'ore ele'entar" for's1
consco)sness bears so'e8+at t+e sa'e relaton as selfCconsco)sness bears
to consco)sness1 or so'e +&+er e2ol)ton 'a" bear to selfCconsco)sness.
T+s ben& so1 I cannot see +o8 8e can $+rase o)r defnton 'ore
s'$l" t+an b" sa"n& t+at an" act or condton ')st be re&arded as
consco)s f t s potentiay memorabe/f t can be recollected1 )nder an"
crc)'stances1 b" t+e s)bDect concerned. It does not see' needf)l t+at t+e
crc)'stances )nder 8+c+ s)c+ recollecton 'a" occ)r s+o)ld arse 8+le
t+e s)bDect s stll ncarnated on t+s $lanet. 6e s+all ne2er on t+s $lanet
re'e'ber t+e &reat 'aDort" of o)r drea'sG b)t t+ose drea's 8ere
$res)'abl" no less consco)s t+an t+e drea's 8+c+ a s)dden a8a3enn&
allo8ed )s to 3ee$ n 'e'or". Certan +"$notc s)bDects1 ndeed1 8+o can
be 'ade to re'e'ber t+er drea's b" s)&&eston1 a$$arentl" re'e'ber
drea's $re2o)sl" latent D)st as easl" as drea's $re2o)sl" re'e'bered.
%nd 8e s+all +a2e 2aro)s ot+er e#a'$les of t+e )ne#$ected recollecton of
e#$erences s)$$osed to +a2e been entrel" de2od of consco)sness.
6e are bo)nd1 I t+n31 to dra8 at least t+s ne&at2e concl)sonJ t+at 8e
')st not ta3e for &ranted t+at o)r a$$arentl" central consco)sness s
so'et+n& 8+oll" dfferent n 3nd fro' t+e 'nor consco)snesses o)t of
8+c+ t s n so'e sense elaborated. I do ndeed bele2e t to be n an +i,IN-
'$ortant sense dfferentG b)t t+s dfference ')st not be ass)'ed on t+e
bass of o)r s)bDect2e sensatons alone. 6e ')st a$$roac+ t+e 8+ole
s)bDect of s$lt or d)$lcated $ersonaltes 8t+ no $re$ossesson a&anst t+e
$ossblt" of an" &2en arran&e'ent or d2son of t+e total 'ass of
consco)sness 8+c+ e#sts 8t+n )s.
(0+ . Before 8e can $ct)re to o)rsel2es +o8 t+at 'ass of consco)sness
'a" disintegrate, 8e o)&+t1 8ere t $ossble1 to $ct)re to o)rsel2es +o8 t
s n t+e frst nstance integrated. T+at1 +o8e2er1 s a dffc)lt" 8+c+ does
not be&n 8t+ t+e constt)ton of 'an. It be&ns 8+en )ncell)lar de2elo$
nto ')ltcell)lar or&ans's. It s1 of co)rse1 a '"ster" +o8 a sn&le cell can
+old to&et+er1 and 8+at 3nd of )nt" t can $ossess. B)t t s a fres+ '"ster"
8+en se2eral cells co+ere n a conDont and nde$endent lfe. In t+e
collect2e )nt" of certan colonal an'als9 8e +a2e a 3nd of s3etc+ or
$arod" of o)r o8n co'$le# ben&. -&+er ntell&ences 'a" $ossbl" see )s
as 8e see t+e +"droNoona creat)re s$lt )$ nto dfferent $ersons19 a
+"drfor' $erson9 8+o feeds1 a 'ed)sfor' $erson9 8+o $ro$a&ates1 and
so onele'ents of t+e an'al dfferentated for dfferent ends
nterconnected fro' one $ont of 2e8 as closel" as o)r sto'ac+ and bran1
"et fro' anot+er $ont of 2e8 se$arable e#stences1 ca$able of detac+'ent
and of nde$endent re&eneraton n all 3nds of dfferent 8a"s. (tll 'ore
co'$oste1 t+o)&+ less cons$c)o)sl" co'$oste1 s e2er" an'al t+at 8e
'eet as 8e rse t+ro)&+ t+e scaleG and n 'an 8e reac+ t+e s)''t bot+ of
colonal co'$le#t" and of centralsed control.
I need +ardl" sa" t+at as re&ards t+e nner nat)re of t+s close
coordnaton1 t+s central &o2ern'ent1 scence can at $resent tell )s lttle or
not+n&. T+e &ro8t+ of t+e ner2o)s 'ec+ans' 'a" be to so'e e#tent
dec$+eredG b)t +o8 t+s 'ec+ans' s centrall" &o2ernedG 8+at s t+e
tendenc" 8+c+ 'a3es for )nt"G 8+ere $recsel" t+s )nt" resdes1 and
8+at s ts e#act relaton to t+e 2aro)s $arts of t+e ')ltcell)lar or&ans'
all t+ese are $roble's n t+e nat)re of i$e, to 8+c+ as "et no sol)ton s
3no8n.
T+e needed cl)e1 as I bele2e1 can be afforded onl" b" t+e dsco2er" of
la8s affectn& $r'arl" t+at )nseen or s$rt)al $lane of ben& 8+ere I
'a&ne t+e or&n of lfe to le. If 8e can s)$$ose tele$at+" to be a frst
ndcaton of a la8 of t+s t"$e1 and to occ)$" n t+e s$rt)al 8orld so'e
s)c+ $lace as &ra2taton occ)$es n t+e 'ateral 8orld1 8e '&+t 'a&ne
so'et+n& analo&o)s to t+e force of co+eson as o$eratn& n t+e $s"c+cal
conte#t)re of a +)'an $ersonalt". ()c+ a $ersonalt"1 at an" rate1 as t+e
de2elo$'ent of +&+er fro' lo8er or&ans's s+o8s1 n2ol2es t+e
a&&re&aton of co)ntless 'nor $s"c+cal enttes1 8+ose c+aracterstcs stll
$ersst1 alt+o)&+ n a 'anner consstent 8t+ t+e $ossblt" t+at one lar&er
$s"c+cal entt"1 8+et+er $reCe#stent or ot+er8se1 s t+e )nf"n&
contn))' of 8+c+ t+ose s'aller enttes are fra&'ents1 and e#ercses o2er
t+e' a $er2adn&1 t+o)&+ an nco'$lete1 control.
+i,IO-
(0, . It s $lanl" '$ossble to sa" before+and 8+at 8ll be t+e relaton
to t+e ordnar" strea' of consco)sness of a $ersonalt" t+)s co'$osed. 6e
+a2e no r&+t to ass)'e t+at all o)r $s"c+cal o$eratons 8ll fall at t+e sa'e
t'e1 or at an" t'e1 nto t+e sa'e central c)rrent of $erce$ton1 or rse
abo2e 8+at 8e +a2e called t+e ordnar" consco)s t+res+old. 6e can be
s)re1 n fact1 t+at t+ere 8ll be ')c+ 8+c+ 8ll not so rseG can 8e $redct
8+at #i rseW
6e can onl" re$l" t+at t+e $erce$ton of st')l b" t+e s)$ral'nal
consco)sness s a 3nd of e#ercse of f)nctonG and t+at +ere1 as n ot+er
cases 8+ere a f)ncton s e#ercsed1 $art of ts ran&e 8ll consst of s)c+
o$eraton as t+e $r'ar" str)ct)re of t+e or&ans' obl&es t to $erfor'1 and
$art 8ll consst of s)c+ o$eraton as nat)ral selecton (after t+e str)ct)re
+as co'e nto ben&) +as traned t to $erfor'. T+ere 8ll be so'et+n&
8+c+ s str)ct)rall" ne2table1 and so'et+n& 8+c+ 8as not str)ct)rall"
ne2table1 b)t 8+c+ +as $ro2ed tself $ractcall" ad2anta&eo)s.
T+)s t 'a" be ne2tablea necessar" res)lt of ner2o)s str)ct)ret+at
consco)sness s+o)ld acco'$an" )nfa'lar cerebral co'bnatonsGt+at
t+e fra"n& of fres+ c+annels9 s+o)ld carr" 8t+ t a $erce$tble tn&le of
no2elt". Or t s $ossble1 a&an1 t+at t+s 22d consco)sness of ne8
cerebral co'bnatons 'a" be a later acE)ston1 and 'erel" d)e to t+e
ob2o)s ad2anta&e of $re2entn& ne8 ac+e2e'ents fro' stereot"$n&
t+e'sel2es before t+e" +a2e been t+oro)&+l" $ractsedGas a ')scan 8ll
3ee$ +s attenton f#ed on a dffc)lt no2elt"1 lest +s e#ec)ton s+o)ld
beco'e a)to'atc before +e +as learnt to render t+e $ece as +e desres. It
see's l3el"1 at an" rate1 t+at t+e &reater $art of t+e contents of o)r
s)$ral'nal consco)sness 'a" be deter'ned n so'e s)c+ fas+on as t+s1
b" nat)ral selecton so o$eratn& as to 3ee$ read" at +and t+ose $erce$tons
8+c+ are 'ost needed for t+e cond)ct of lfe.
T+e noton of t+e )$b)ldn& of t+e $ersonalt" +ere brefl" &2en s of
)se1 I t+n31 n s)&&estn& ts $ractcal tendences to dssol)ton. ()bDected
contn)all" to bot+ nternal and e#ternal stress and stran1 ts 8a"s of
"eldn& ndcate t+e &ran of ts te#t)re.
(0' . It s $ossble t+at f 8e co)ld dscern t+e 'n)te $s"c+olo&" of t+s
lon& seres of c+an&es1 ran&n& fro' 'odfcatons too 'n)te to be noted
as abnor'al to absol)te re2ol)tons of t+e 8+ole c+aracter and ntell&ence1
8e '&+t fnd no defnte brea3 n all t+e seresG b)t rat+er a slo81
contn)o)s detac+'ent of one $s"c+cal )nt or ele'ent of consco)sness
after anot+er fro' t+e $r'ar" s"nt+ess. It s $ossble1 on t+e ot+er +and1
t+at t+ere 'a" be a real brea3 at a $ont 8+ere t+ere a$$ears to o)r e#ternal
obser2aton to be a brea31 na'el"1 8+ere t+e $ersonalt" $asses nto ts ne8
$+ase t+ro)&+ an nter2al of slee$ or trance. %nd I bele2e t+at t+ere s
anot+er brea31 at a $ont ')c+ f)rt+er ad2anced1 and not to be reac+ed n
t+s c+a$ter1 8+ere so'e e#ternal ntell&ence be&ns n so'e 8a" to
$ossess t+e or&ans' and to re$lace for a t'e t+e ordnar" +i,JP-
ntellect)al act2t" b" an act2t" of ts o8n. (ettn&1 +o8e2er1 t+s last
$ossblt" for t+e $resent asde1 8e ')st ado$t so'e arran&e'ent on 8+c+
to +an& o)r cases. 4or t+s $)r$ose t+e a$$earance of slee$ or trance 8ll
'a3e a )sef)l1 alt+o)&+ not a defnte lne of de'arcaton.
6e 'a" be&n 8t+ localsed $s"c+cal +"$ertro$+es and solatons1
ter's 8+c+ I s+all e#$lan as 8e $roceedG and t+en $ass on t+ro)&+
+"stercal nstabltes (8+ere nter'edate $erods of trance 'a" or 'a" not
be $resent) to t+ose 'ore ad2anced slee$C8a3n&s and d'or$+s's 8+c+ a
barrer of trance see's al8a"s to se$arate fro' t+e $r'ar" strea' of
consco)s lfe. %ll s)c+ c+an&es1 of co)rse1 are &enerall" no#o)s to t+e
$s"c+cal or&ans'G and t 8ll be s'$ler to be&n b" d8elln& on t+er
no#o)s as$ect1 and re&ardn& t+e' as ste$s on t+e roadon one of t+e
'an" roadsto 'ental o2ert+ro8.
T+e $rocess be&ns1 t+en1 8t+ so'et+n& 8+c+ s to t+e $s"c+cal
or&ans' no 'ore t+an a bol or a corn s to t+e $+"scal. In conseE)ence of
so'e s)&&eston fro' 8t+o)t1 or of so'e n+erted tendenc"1 a s'all &ro)$
of $s"c+cal )nts set )$ a $rocess of e#a&&erated &ro8t+ 8+c+ s+)ts t+e'
off fro' free and +ealt+" nterc+an&e 8t+ t+e rest of t+e $ersonalt".
T+e frst s"'$to' of dsa&&re&aton s t+)s t+e id;e $i0e, t+at s to sa"1
t+e $ersstence of an )ncontrolled and )n'odfable &ro)$ of t+o)&+ts or
e'otons1 8+c+ fro' t+er broodn& solaton1fro' t+e 2er" fact of
defcent nterc+an&e 8t+ t+e &eneral c)rrent of t+o)&+t1beco'e alen
and ntr)s2e1 so t+at so'e s$ecal dea or 'a&e $resses nto consco)sness
8t+ )nd)e and $anf)l freE)enc". 6e 'a" $er+a$s s)$$ose t+at t+e f#ed
dea +ere re$resents t+e $s"c+olo&cal as$ect of so'e defnte1 alt+o)&+
)ltraC'crosco$c1 cerebral leson. One 'a" loo3 for analo&" so'et'es1 as
I +a2e sad1 to a corn1 so'et'es to a bol1 so'et'es to an enc"sted
t)'o)r1 so'et'es to a cancer. T+e id;e $i0e 'a" be lttle 'ore t+an an
nd)rated $reD)dce1 8+c+ +)rts 8+en $ressed )$on. Or1 a&an1 t 'a" be
l3e a +"$ertro$+ed centre of nfla''aton1 8+c+ sends ts s'art and ac+e
abroad t+ro)&+ t+e or&ans'. Or for certan +"stercal f#ed deas 8e s+all
fnd o)r best $arallel f1 acce$tn& a 8ellC3no8n +"$ot+ess1 8e s)$$ose t+at
a t)'o)r 'a" or&nate n t+e solated and e#tra2a&ant &ro8t+ of so'e
fra&'ent of e'br"onc 'atter1 accdentall" n$$ed off or e#tr)ded fro' t+e
e'br"o5s concordant de2elo$'ent. ()c+ t)'o)rs 'a" be enc"sted or
enca$s)led1 so t+at t+e" nD)re s)rro)ndn& tss)es b" $ress)re1 8+le "et
t+er o8n contents can onl" be dsco2ered b" ncson. 7)st s)c+1 one 'a"
sa"1 are t+e for&otten and rreco2erable terrors 8+c+ ,r. 7anet +as s+o8n )s
as &2n& rse to +"stercal attac3s. ((ee (0* A, n %$$endces at end of
2ol)'e.) ()c+ t)'o)rs of t+e 'nd 'a" so'et'es be $s"c+olo&call" c)t
do8n )$on and re'o2ed b" free dsc)ssonG tal3ed o)t19 as ,r. Bre)er +as
t.
*
6orst of all1 of co)rse1 are +i,JG- t+e cancerCl3e cases1 8+ere t+e
de&eneraton1 be&nnn& t +ardl" 'atters 8+ere1 n2ades 8t+ ra$d
nco+erence t+e 8+ole co'$ass of t+e 'nd.
T+e f#ed dea1 t+)s or&natn& $robabl" fro' 2aro)s ca)ses1 'a"
de2elo$ n dfferent 8a"s. It 'a" beco'e a centre of e#$loson1 or a n)cle)s
of se$araton1 or a be&nnn& of deat+. It 'a" nd)ce an access of +"stercal
con2)lsons1 t+)s actn& l3e a 'ateral fore&n bod" 8+c+ $resses on a
senst2e $art of t+e or&ans'. Or t 'a" dra8 to ts ne8 $arastc centre so
'an" $s"c+cal ele'ents t+at t for's a 3nd of secondar" $ersonalt"1
coe#stn& secretl" 8t+ t+e $r'ar" one1 or e2en able at t'es (as n so'e
8ellC3no8n cases) to carr" t+e 8+ole or&ans' b" a coup,de,main. (()c+
c+an&es1 t 'a" be noted n $assn&1 are not al8a"s for t+e #orse.) Or1
a&an1 t+e ne8 E)asCnde$endent centres 'a" be 'erel" anarchica/ t+e
re2olt 'a" s$read to e2er" cellG and t+e forces of t+e en2ron'ent1 e2er
'a3n& 8ar )$on t+e or&ans'1 'a" t+)s effect ts total deca".
(0* . Let )s d8ell for a fe8 'o'ents on t+e nat)re of t+ese f#ed or
nsstent deas. T+e" are not &enerall" or at t+e frst o)tset e#tra2a&ant
fances1as t+at one s 'ade of &lass1 or t+e l3e. Rat+er 8ll f#ed deas9
co'e to see' a 'ere e#$resson for so'et+n& n a 'nor de&ree co''on
to 'ost of )s. -ardl" an" 'nd1 I s)$$ose1 s 8+oll" free fro' tendences to
certan t"$es of t+o)&+t or e'oton for 8+c+ 8e cannot s)''on an"
adeE)ate c+ec3)seless rec)rrent broodn&s o2er t+e $ast or an#etes for
t+e f)t)re1 $er+a$s traces of old c+lds+ e#$erence 8+c+ +a2e beco'e too
fr'l" f#ed e2er 8+oll" to dsa$$ear. !a"1 t 'a" 8ell be t+at 8e ')st loo3
e2en f)rt+er bac3 t+an o)r o8n c+ld+ood for t+e or&n of 'an" +a)ntn&
tro)bles. In+erted tendences to terror1 es$ecall"1 see' to reac+ bac3 far
nto a $re+storc $ast. In a recent (t)d" of 4ears19 8+c+ Professor (tanle"
-all +as based on a 8de statstcal collecton1
*
t 8o)ld see' t+at t+e fears
of c+ld+ood1ndcatons of t+e ner2o)s nstablt" of t+e "et ''at)re
s"ste'1often corres$ond to no e#stn& ca)se for )neasness1 b)t rat+er to
t+e 2ans+ed $erls of $r't2e 'an. T+e fear of dar3ness1 for nstance1 t+e
fear of solt)de1 t+e fear of t+)nderstor's1 t+e fear of t+e loss of orentaton1
s$ea3 of $r't2e +el$lessness1D)st as t+e fear of an'als1 t+e fear of
stran&ers1 s)&&est t+e ferce and +aNardo)s lfe of earl" 'an. To all s)c+
nstnct2e feeln&s as t+ese a 'orbd de2elo$'ent s easl" &2en.
Of 8+at nat)re ')st 8e s)$$ose t+s 'orbd de2elo$'ent to beW ,oes t
fall $ro$erl" 8t+n o)r $resent dsc)ssonW or s t not s'$l" a be&nnn&
of branCdsease1 8+c+ concerns t+e $+"scan rat+er t+an t+e $s"c+olo&stW
T+e $s"c+olo&st5s best ans8er to t+s E)eston 8ll be to s+o8 cases of
f#ed deas cured b" $s"c+olo&cal 'eans. (4or nstances of s)c+ c)res1 see
(0* A, n %$$endces at end of 2ol)'e.) %nd ndeed t+ere are fe8 cases to
s+o8 8+c+ +a2e been c)red b" an" 'et+ods e0cept t+e +i,JH-
$s"c+olo&calG f +"$notc s)&&eston does not s)cceed 8t+ an id;e $i0e, t
s seldo' t+at an" ot+er treat'ent 8ll c)re t. 6e 'a"1 of co)rse1 sa" t+at
t+e bran tro)bles t+)s c)red 8ere f)nctonal1 and t+at t+ose 8+c+ 8ent on
ne2tabl" nto nsant" 8ere or&anc1 alt+o)&+ t+e dstncton bet8een
f)nctonal and or&anc s not easl" de'onstrable n t+s )ltraC'crosco$c
real'.
%t an" rate1 8e +a2e act)all" on record1and t+at s 8+at o)r ar&)'ent
needs1a &reat seres of id;es $i0es, of 2aro)s de&rees of ntenst"1 c)red
b" s)&&estonGc)red1 t+at s to sa"1 b" a s)bl'nal settn& n acton of
'n)te ner2o)s 'o2e'ents 8+c+ o)r s)$ral'nal consco)sness cannot n
e2en t+e blndest 'anner 'ana&e to set to 8or3. (o'e s)c+ dfference as
e#sts on a &ross scale bet8een str$ed and )nstr$ed ')scle see's to e#st
on a 'n)te scale a'on& t+ese s'allest n2ol2ed cells and fbres1 or
8+ate2er t+e" be. (o'e of t+e' obe" o)r consco)s 8ll1 b)t 'ost of t+e'
are ca$able of ben& &o2erned onl" b" s)bl'nal strata of t+e self.
If1 +o8e2er1 t be t+e s)bl'nal self 8+c+ can red)ce t+ese ele'ents to
order1 t s often $robabl" t+e s)bl'nal self to 8+c+ t+er dsorder s
or&nall" d)e. If a f#ed dea1 sa" a&ora$+oba1 &ro8s )$ n 'e1 t+s 'a"
$robabl" be beca)se t+e $ro$er controlln& coCordnatons of t+o)&+t1 8+c+
I o)&+t to be able to s)''on )$ at 8ll1 +a2e s)n3 belo8 t+e le2el at 8+c+
8ll can reac+ t+e'. I a' no lon&er able1 t+at s to sa"1 to con2nce '"self
b" reasonn& t+at t+ere s no dan&er n crossn& t+e o$en sE)are. %nd t+s
'a" be t+e fa)lt of '" s)bl'nal self1 8+ose b)sness t s to 3ee$ t+e deas
8+c+ I need for co''on lfe easl" 8t+n '" reac+1 and 8+c+ +as faled
to do t+s1 o8n& to so'e enfeeble'ent of ts &ras$ of '" or&ans'.
(0) . If 8e 'a&ne t+ese obsc)re o$eratons )nder so'e s)c+ for' as
t+s1 8e &et t+e ad2anta&e of ben& able to connect t+ese nsstent deas n a
co+erent seE)ence 8t+ t+e 'ore ad2anced $+eno'ena of +"stera. 6e +a2e
seen t+at t+e nsstent deas are essentall" a 3nd of s'all ds$lace'ents of
t+e +abt)al le2el of consco)sness. T+e" '$l" t+at so'e s'all b)t
necessar" scra$s of s)$ral'nal eE)$'ent +a2e dro$$ed1 so to sa"1
t+ro)&+ c+n3s n t+e floor of t+e 8a3n& 'nd (as 8+ere t+e 2s)al feld +as
been narro8ed +"stercall")1 and +a2e s)n3 to a $ont 8+ence onl" +"$notc
s)&&eston s l3el" to be able to call t+e' bac3 to )se. Or n so'e cases 8e
'a" &o a ste$ f)rt+er1 and sa" t+at t+ese f#ed deas s+o8 )s1 not 'erel" an
ordnar" s)$ral'nal nstnct f)nctonn& 8t+o)t d)e c+ec31 b)t rat+er a
s)b'er&ed and $r't2e nstnct rsn& 8t+ a s)bl'nal )$r)s+ nto
)ndesred $ro'nence1 and f)nctonn& 8ldl" nstead of re'ann& +dden
and E)escent. T+at s to sa"1 8e +a2e to do 8t+ an nstablt" of t+e
consco)s t+res+old 8+c+ often '$les or 'anfests a dsorderl" or
dseased condton of t+e +"$notc strat)'1of t+at re&on of t+e
$ersonalt" 8+c+1 as 8e s+all see1 s best 3no8n to )s t+ro)&+ t+e fact t+at
t s reac+ed b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
+i,JI-
!o8 8e s+all fnd1 I t+n31 t+at all t+e $+eno'ena of +"stera are
red)cble to t+e sa'e &eneral conce$ton. To )nderstand t+er 'an" $)NNles
8e +a2e to 3ee$ o)r e"es f#ed )$on D)st t+ese $s"c+olo&cal notons)$on
a t+res+old of ordnar" consco)sness abo2e 8+c+ certan $erce$tons and
fac)ltes o)&+t to be1 b)t are not al8a"s1 'antaned1 and )$on a +"$notc
strat)'9 or re&on of t+e $ersonalt" to 8+c+ +"$notc s)&&eston a$$ealsG
and 8+c+ ncl)des fac)lt" and $erce$ton 8+c+ s)r$ass t+e s)$ral'nal1
b)t 8+ose o$eraton s ca$rco)s and drea'l3e1 nas')c+ as t+e" le1 so to
sa"1 n a debateable re&on bet8een t8o r)lest+e 3no8n r)le of t+e
s)$ral'nal self1 ada$ted to t+s lfe5s e#$erence and )ses1 and t+e
conDect)red r)le of a f)ller and $rofo)nder self1 rarel" reac+ed b" an"
artfce 8+c+ o)r $resent s3ll s)&&ests. (o'e of t+ese consco)s &ro)$n&s
+a2e &ot se$arated fro' t+e ordnar" strea' of consco)sness. T+ese 'a"
stll be )nfed n t+e s)bl'nal1 b)t t+e" need to be )nfed n t+e
s)$ral'nal also. T+e nor'al relaton bet8een t+e s)$ral'nal and t+e
s)bl'nal 'a" be dst)rbed b" t+e acton of either.
Let )s no8 see +o8 far t+s 2e81 8+c+ I s)&&ested n t+e (.P.R.
&roceedings as far bac3 as *A@.1
*
fts n 8t+ t+ose 'odern obser2atons of
+"stera1 n Pars and Venna es$ecall"1 8+c+ are transfor'n& all t+at
&ro)$ of tro)bles fro' t+e 'ere o$$robr)' of 'edcne nto one of t+e
'ost fertle so)rces of ne8 3no8led&e of bod" and 'nd.
(09 . 4rst1 t+en1 let )s brefl" consder 8+at s t+e &eneral t"$e of
+"stercal tro)bles. ($ea3n& broadl"1 8e 'a" sa" t+at t+e s"'$to's of
+"stera for'1 n t+e frst $lace1 a seres of $+anto' co$es of real 'alades
of t+e ner2o)s s"ste'G and1 n t+e second $lace1 a seres of fantases $la"ed
)$on t+at s"ste'of )nreal1 drea'l3e al'ents1 often s)c+ as no
$+"solo&cal 'ec+ans' can be s+o8n to +a2e deter'ned. T+ese latter
cases are often d)e1 as 8e s+all see1 not to $)rel" $+"solo&cal1 b)t rat+er to
ntellect)al ca)sesG t+e" re$resent1 not a $artc)lar $attern n 8+c+ t+e
ner2o)s s"ste' tends of tself to dsnte&rate1 b)t a $artc)lar $attern 8+c+
+as been '$osed )$on t b" so'e ntellect)al $rocessGn s+ort1 b" so'e
for' of selfCs)&&eston.
Let )s brefl" re2e8 so'e co''on t"$es of +"stercal dsablt"1
ta3n& as o)r frst &)de ,r. Perre 7anet5s ad'rable 8or31 .Q8tat 2enta
des 'yst;riques (Pars1 *A@;).
6+at1 t+en1 to be&n 8t+1 s ,r. 7anet5s &eneral conce$ton of t+e
$s"c+olo&cal states of t+e ad2anced +"stercW In t+e e#$resson ( $ee19 +e
sa"s (.Q8tat 2enta, $. ;@)1 8e +a2e t8o ele'entsJ a s'all ne8
$s"c+olo&cal fact1 Hfeel1I and an enor'o)s 'ass of t+o)&+ts alread" for'ed
nto a s"ste' HI.I T+ese t8o t+n&s '# and co'bne1 and to sa" ( $ee s to
sa" t+at t+e $ersonalt"1 alread" enor'o)s1 +as seNed and absorbed t+s
s'all ne8 sensatonGYas t+o)&+ t+e ( 8ere an a'Qba +i,JJ- 8+c+ sent o)t
a $rolon&aton to s)c3 n t+s lttle sensaton 8+c+ +as co'e nto e#stence
besde t.9 !o8 t s n t+e ass'laton of t+ese ele'entar" sensatons or
affect2e states 8t+ t+e perception personnee, as 7anet ter's t1 t+at t+e
ad2anced +"sterc fals. -s feld of consco)sness s so far narro8ed t+at t
can onl" ta3e n t+e 'n')' of sensatons necessar" for t+e s)$$ort of lfe.
One ')st needs +a2e consco)sness of 8+at one sees and +ears1 and so t+e
$atent ne&lects to $erce2e t+e tactle and ')sc)lar sensatons 8t+ 8+c+
+e t+n3s t+at +e can 'ana&e to ds$ense. %t frst +e co)ld $er+a$s t)rn +s
attenton to t+e'1 and reco2er t+e' at least 'o'entarl" 8t+n t+e feld of
$ersonal $erce$ton. B)t t+e occason does not $resent tself1 and t+e
psychoogica bad habit s for'ed.Y One da" t+e $atentfor +e s no8
2ertabl" a $atents e#a'ned b" t+e doctor. -s left ar' s $nc+ed1 and
+e s as3ed 8+et+er +e feels t+e $nc+. To +s s)r$rse t+e $atent realses
t+at +e can no lon&er feel consco)sl"1 can no lon&er brn& bac3 nto +s
$ersonal $erce$ton sensatons 8+c+ +e +as ne&lected too lon&+e +as
beco'e anFst+etc.Y -"stercal anFst+esa s t+)s a f#ed and $er$et)al
dstracton1 8+c+ renders ts s)bDects nca$able of attac+n& certan
sensatons to t+er $ersonalt"G t s a restrcton of t+e consco)s feld.9
T+e $roof of t+ese assertons de$ends on a n)'ber of obser2atons1 all
of 8+c+ $ont n t+e sa'e drecton1 and s+o8 t+at +"stercal anFst+esa
does not descend so dee$ nto t+e $ersonalt"1 so to sa"1 as tr)e anFst+esa
ca)sed b" ner2o)s deca"1 or b" t+e secton of a ner2e.
T+)s t+e +"sterc s often unconscious of t+e anFst+esa1 8+c+ s onl"
dsco2ered b" t+e $+"scan. T+ere s none of t+e dstress ca)sed b" tr)e
anFst+esa1 as1 for nstance1 b" t+e tabetc 'as319 or nsensblt" of $art of
t+e face1 8+c+ so'et'es occ)rs n tabes dorsais. %n ncdent re$orted b"
,r. 7)les 7anet ll)strates t+s $ec)lart". % "o)n& 8o'an c)t +er r&+t
+and se2erel" 8t+ bro3en &lass1 and co'$laned of nsensblt" n t+e
$al'. T+e $+"scan 8+o e#a'ned +er fo)nd t+at t+e sensblt" of t+e r&+t
$al' 8as1 n fact1 d'ns+ed b" t+e secton of certan ner2es. B)t +e
dsco2ered at t+e sa'e t'e t+at t+e &rl 8as +"stercall" anFst+etc o2er t+e
8+ole left sde of +er bod". (+e +ad ne2er e2en fo)nd o)t t+s dsablt"1
and t+e doctor t8tted +er 8t+ co'$lann& of t+e s'all $atc+ of
anFst+esa1 8+le s+e sad not+n& of t+at 8+c+ co2ered +alf +er bod". B)t1
as ,r. Perre 7anet re'ar3s1 s+e '&+t 8ell +a2e retorted t+at t+ese 8ere t+e
facts1 and t+at t 8as for t+e 'an of scence to sa" 8+" t+e s'all $atc+
anno"ed +er 8+le t+e lar&e one &a2e +er no tro)ble at all.
Of s'lar '$ort s t+e n&eno)s obser2aton t+at +"stercal anFst+esa
rarel" leads to an" accdent to t+e l'bGdffern& n t+s res$ect1 for
nstance1 fro' t+e tr)e and $rofo)nd anFst+esa of s"rn&o'"elts1 n
8+c+ b)rns and br)ses freE)entl" res)lt fro' t+e $atent5s for&etf)lness of
t+e $art affected. T+ere s )s)all"1 n fact1 a s)$er2sona subimina
s)$er2sone#ercsed o2er t+e +"sterc5s l'bs. Part of +er $ersonalt" +i,
JK- s stll al2e to t+e dan&er1 and 'odfes +er 'o2e'ents1 )n3no8n to +er
s)$ral'nal self.
T+s c)ro)s $ont1 I 'a" re'ar3 n $assn&1 8ell ll)strates t+e 3nd of
acton 8+c+ I attrb)te to t+e s)bl'nal self n 'an" $+ases of lfe. T+)s t
s t+at t+e +"$notsed s)bDect s $re2ented (as I +old) fro' co''ttn& a real
as o$$osed to a fctto)s cr'eG t+)s t s t+at fres+ deas are s)&&ested to
t+e 'an of &en)sG t+)s t sI 8ll e2en sa"t+at n so'e cases 'ontor"
+all)cnatons are &enerated1 8+c+ sa2e t+e s)$ral'nal self fro' so'e
s)dden dan&er.
(10 . I $ass on to anot+er $ec)lart" of +"stercal anFst+esFGalso n
'" e"es of dee$ s&nfcance. T+e anFst+etc belts or $atc+es do not al8a"s1
or e2en &enerall"1 corres$ond 8t+ tr)e anato'cal areas1 s)c+ as 8o)ld be
affected b" t+e act)al leson of an" &2en ner2e. T+e" follo8 8+at 'a" be
called $ancy arran&e'entsGso'et'es corres$ondn& to ro)&+ $o$)lar
notons of d2sons of t+e bod"1so'et'es see'n& to reflect a 'erel"
c+lds+ ca$rce. It s not19 sa"s ,r. 7anet1 t+e re&on nner2ated b" t+e
c)btal or t+e 'edan ner2e 8+c+ s anFst+etcG t s t+e +and or t+e 8rst.
T+e 8+ole ar'1 s+o)lder ncl)ded1 s nsensble1 not t+e re&on nner2ated
b" t+e brac+al $le#)s.Y In +"stercal blndness t+e anFst+esa s not
confned to t+e retna1 b)t e#tends to t+e conD)nct2a and e2en to t+e
e"eldsG t+e a'a)rotc +"stercal $atent +as a $ar of anFst+etc s$ectacles
across +er face. T+at s to sa"1 s+e +as lost t+e )se of t+e e"e1 ta3n& t+e eye
not n t+e $+"solo&cal b)t n t+e $o$)lar sense1 as ncl)dn& all t+at s
contaned n t+e orbt.9
!o8 to ordnar" notons t 8ll see' 2er" stran&e t+at a cr)de1 2)l&ar
conce$ton of t+s 3nda conce$ton1 'oreo2er1 )$on 8+c+ t+e $atent
'a" ne2er +a2e consco)sl" d8elts+o)ld be able to 'odf" t+e state of
t+e ner2o)s s"ste' n so 'ar3ed a 8a". % 'ere sll" fanc" see's to +a2e
$rod)ced an effect 8+c+ s not 'erel" fancf)lG8+c+ s obDect2e1
'eas)rable1 and ca$able of ca)sn& lon& and sero)s dsable'ent. T+s
res)lt1 +o8e2er1 s E)te accordant 8t+ '" 2e8 of 8+at I +a2e ter'ed t+e
hypnotic stratum of t+e $ersonalt". I +old1 as o)r co'n& dsc)sson of
+"$nots' 8ll 'ore f)ll" e#$lan1 t+at t+e re&on nto 8+c+ t+e +"$notc
s)&&eston &2es )s access s one of stran&el" 'n&led stren&t+ and
8ea3nessGof a fac)lt" at once 'ore $otent and less co+erent t+an t+at of
8a3n& +o)rs. I t+n3 t+at n t+ese cases 8e &et at t+e s)bl'nal self onl"
so'e8+at n t+e sa'e sense as 8e &et at t+e s)$ral'nal self 8+en t+e
+&+estCle2el centres9 are for t+e t'e no$erat2e (as n a drea') and onl"
'ddleCle2el centres9 are left to follo8 t+er o8n de2ces 8t+o)t
n+bton or coCordnaton. I +old t+at t+s s t+e e#$lanaton of t+e stran&e
contrasts 8+c+ +"$noss 'a3es fa'lar to )st+e co'bnaton of
$rofo)nd $o8er o2er t+e or&ans' 8t+ c+lds+ readness to obe" t+e
'erest 8+'s of t+e +"$notser. T+e ntell&ence 8+c+ t+)s res$onds s n
'" 2e8 onl" a fra&'entar" ntell&enceG t s a drea'l3e scra$ of t+e +i,
JL- s)bl'nal self1 f)nctonn& a$art fro' t+at self5s central and $rofo)nder
control.
6+at +a$$ens n +"$nots' n obedence to t+e +"$notser5s ca$rce
+a$$ens n +"stera n obedence to t+e ca$rce of t+e +"$notc strat)'
tself. (o'e 'ddleCle2el centre of t+e s)bl'nal self (to e#$ress a dffc)lt
dea b" t+e nearest $+rase I can fnd) &ets t+e noton t+at t+ere s an
anFst+etc bracelet19 sa"1 ro)nd t+e left 8rstGand lo1 t+s stra&+t8a" s
soG and t+e +"sterc loses s)$ral'nal sensaton n t+s fantastc belt. T+e
fact1 ndeed1 s 'ost nstr)ct2eG for t be&ns to s+o8 )s d2sons of t+e
+)'an bod" based not )$on local nner2aton b)t )$on deaton (+o8e2er
nco+erent)G)$on ntellect)al conce$tons l3e a bracelet19 a cross19
a$$led t+o)&+ t+ese conce$tons 'a" be 8t+ drea'l3e f)tlt".
(11 . T+s 'ode of descr$ton1t 'a" be con2enent to $ont o)t1s
t+oro)&+l" concordant 8t+ Professor 7anet5s $+rase of r;tr;cissement de a
personnait; . %s +e D)stl" nssts1 t+e +"stercal loss of sensblt" s d)e to
a state of mis=re psychoogique 1to a $s"c+cal $o2ert"19 a slac3ness of
t+e &r$ 8t+ 8+c+ t+e 3no8n or a$$arent $ersonalt" +olds and controls
t+e or&ans'5s ca$act" of sensaton. O2er a certan $art of t+e 'ec+ans'
of sensaton t+s &ras$ &2es 8a"G t+ere s a dee$ and $rolon&ed dstracton
of attenton1 8+c+ ends n t+e $er'anent loss of t+e $o8er to reco&nse t+e
sensatons of t+e s$ecal $art affected. 6t+ all t+s I a&reeG t+ese 8ords
descrbe t+e $+eno'ena fro' t+e s)$ral'nal $ont of 2e8. 4ro' t+e $ont
of 2e8 of t+e frst s)bl'nal re&onof t+e +"$notc strat)''atters
loo3 sl&+tl" dfferent. T+ere 8e see certan drea'l3e nco+erent fac)ltes
f)nctonn& 8t+ )nd)e freedo'1 for t+e sa'e reason 8+c+ affected t+e
s)$ral'nal attenton1 na'el"1 t+e enfeebled +old 8+c+ t+e $ersonalt"
no8 +as )$on t+e or&ans'. %ctn& n drea'l3e fas+on t+ese fra&'ents of
s)bl'nal fac)lt" dst)rb and conf)se t+e 8ea3ened t+res+old1t+e
$s"c+cal da$+ra&'1 no8 &ro8n too $er'eable1abo2e 8+c+ s+o)ld le
all t+e fac)lt" needed for t+e cond)ct of lfe b" t+e s)$ral'nal self. T+e
'orbd s)bl'nal act2t" attracts or s)c3s do8n scra$s of supraimina
act2t"1scra$s often E)te fantastc n t+er del'taton1and de$r2es
t+e s)$ral'nal self of t+)s ')c+ of ts d)e sco$e of control. %nd obser2e
t+at e2en at t+s earl" sta&e t+e conce$ton +ere &2en of s)bl'nal
o$eraton s needed to fll &a$s 8+c+ re'an n t+e e#$lanaton 8+c+ s
&2en fro' abo2e t+e t+res+old alone. 6+ence co'es1 for nstance1 t+e
noton of t+e anFst+etc bracelet9W !ot fro' t+e +"sterc5s s)$ral'nal
selfG for s+e s &enerall" )na8are of ts e#stence )ntl t+e $+"scan
dsco2ers t. !or s t a c+ance co'bnatonGe2en 8ere t+ere s)c+ a t+n&
as c+ance. It s a drea' of t+e +"$notc strat)'Gan nco+erent selfC
s)&&eston startn& fro' and affectn& a re&on belo8 t+e reac+ of consco)s
8ll.
In t+s 2e81 t+en1 8e re&ard t+e fra&'ents of $erce$t2e $o8er o2er
8+c+ t+e +"sterc +as lost control as ben& b" no 'eans reall"
e#tn&)s+ed1 +i,JM- b)t rat+er as e#stn& ''edatel" beneat+ t+e
t+res+old1 n t+e c)stod"1 so to sa"1 of a drea'l3e or +"$notc strat)' of
t+e s)bl'nal self1 8+c+ +as selected t+e' for reasons so'et'es
e#$lcable as t+e res)lt of $ast s)&&estons1 so'et'es to )s ne#$lcable. If
t+s be so1 8e 'a" e#$ect t+at t+e sa'e 3nd of s)&&estons 8+c+ or&nall"
c)t off t+ese $erce$tons fro' t+e 'an bod" of $erce$ton 'a" st')late
t+e' a&an to acton et+er belo8 or abo2e t+e consco)s t+res+old.
(1( . 6e +a2e alread"1 ndeed1 seen reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e
s)b'er&ed $erce$tons are stll at 8or31 8+en ,r. 7anet $onted o)t +o8
rare a t+n& t 8as t+at an" accdent or nD)r" follo8ed )$on +"stercal loss
of feeln& n t+e l'bs. % stll 'ore c)ro)s ll)straton s afforded b" t+e
condton of t+e feld of 2son n a +"sterc. It often +a$$ens t+at t+e feld of
2son s ')c+ red)ced1 so t+at t+e +"sterc1 8+en tested 8t+ t+e $er'eter1
can dscern onl" obDects al'ost drectl" n front of t+e e"e. B)t f an obDect
8+c+ +a$$ens to be $artc)larl" e#ctn& to t+e +"$notc strat)'for
nstance1 t+e +"$notser5s fn&er1 )sed often as a s&nal for trances
ad2anced nto t+at $art of t+e +"sterc5s nor'al 2s)al feld of 8+c+ s+e +as
a$$arentl" lost all consco)sness1 t+ere 8ll often be an nstant s)bl'nal
$erce$ton1s+o8n b" t+e fact t+at t+e s)bDect $ro'$tl" falls nto trance. %
+"stercal bo"1 a $atent of Professor 7anet5s1 8t+ &reat retrenc+'ent of t+e
2s)al feld1 +ad been fr&+tened nto +s frst attac3 b" a confla&raton1 and
t+e s&+t of a fla'e near +' 8as eno)&+ to brn& on an attac3 a&an.
Professor 7anet1 8t+ d)e $reca)tons1 'o2ed a l&+ted 'atc+ nto t+e
nor'al 2s)al feld1 far be"ond +s +"stercall" narro8ed ran&e of consco)s
s&+t. %l'ost at once t+e bo" cred1 4reZ freZ9 and fell nto +"stercal
con2)lsons. T+e sa'e e#$er'ent 8as tred b" /. La)rent 8t+ a &rl 8+o
+ad frst been fr&+tened nto +"stera b" t+e s&+t of a 'o)se. % st)ffed
'o)se+eld E)te o)tsde +er narro8ed feld of consco)s 2son+ad t+e
sa'e effect )$on t+s &rl as t+e l&+ted 'atc+ )$on t+e bo".
In t+ese cases t+e acton of t+e s)b'er&ed $erce$tons1 8+le $ro2o3ed
b" 2er" s+allo8 artfces1 contn)ed defntel" subimina. T+e $atent
herse$, as 8e sa"1 does not 3no8 8+" s+e does not b)rn +er anFst+etc
l'bs1 or 8+" s+e s)ddenl" falls nto a trance 8+le ben& s)bDected to
o$tcal tests.
B)t t s eE)all" eas" to de2se e#$er'ents 8+c+ s+all call t+ese
s)b'er&ed sensatons )$ a&an nto s)$ral'nal consco)sness. % +"sterc
+as lost sensaton n one ar'G ,r. 7anet tells +er t+at t+ere s a cater$llar on
t+at ar'G and t+e renforce'ent of attenton t+)s &enerated brn&s bac3 t+e
sensblt". % $atent of Professor Ptres s +"stercall" )nable to see 8t+
t+e left e"e. On a screen before +er +e $laces a 8ord or sentence so arran&ed
t+at +er r&+t e"e can onl" see +alf t+e $rnt. T+e attenton t+)s &enerated
enables t+e left e"e to ad +er n readn& t+e 8+ole nscr$ton.
(13 . T+ese +"stercal anFst+esF1 t 'a" be added +ere1 'a" be not +i,
JN- onl" 2er" defnte b)t 2er" $rofo)nd. 7)st as t+e realt"1t+o)&+ also
t+e '$er'anence1of t+e +"stercal retrenc+'ent of feld of 2son of
8+c+ I +a2e been s$ea3n& can be s+o8n b" o$tcal e#$er'ents be"ond
t+e $atent5s co'$re+enson1 so t+e realt" of so'e $rofo)nd or&anc
+"stercal nsensbltes s so'et'es s+o8n b" t+e $ro&ress of nde$endent
dsease. % certan $atent feels no +)n&er or t+rstG t+s ndfference '&+t
be s')lated for a t'eG b)t +er &norance of se2ere nfla''aton of t+e
bladder s easl" reco&nsable as real. T+ro8 +er nto +"$noss and +er
sensbltes ret)rn. T+e dsease s for t+e frst t'e felt1 and t+e $atent
screa's 8t+ t+e $an. T+s res)lt 8ell ll)strates one 'an effect of
+"$noss1 2N.1 to brn& t+e or&ans' nto a 'ore nor'al state. T+e dee$
or&anc anFst+esa of t+s $atent 8as dan&ero)sl" abnor'alG t+e 'ssn&
sensblt" +ad frst to be restored1 alt+o)&+ t '&+t be desrable after8ards
to re'o2e t+e $anf)l ele'ents n t+at sensblt" a&an1 )nder1 so to sa"1 a
8ser and dee$er control.
%not+er $ec)lart" of nterest for )s n t+ese anFst+esF les n 8+at I
'a" ter' a $artal re&resson to t+e 2a&)eness of $r't2e rrtablt". T+e
$atent /.1 ,r. 7anet tells )s1 +as been for "ears totall" anFst+etc.
:nder certan crc)'stances1 and $artc)larl" after s+e +as lon& been
3e$t n t+e so'na'b)lc state1 s+e reco2ers for a t'e1 b)t nco'$letel"1
tactle sensatons. (o'et'es sensblt" see's to ret)rn n t+e 2a&)e for'
of $an or dstress1 8t+ no dstnct2e s&n. -er sensatons are ndefnteG
+eat1 cold1 a $nc+1 an obDect $laced n +er +ands1eac+ of t+ese st')l
$rod)ces onl" a 2a&)e sense of so'et+n& dsa&reeable.9 %nd e2en 8+en
t+e sense of to)c+ beco'es 'ore defnte1 conf)son and error of
ocaisation stll $ersst. T+)s 'a" +"stera $resent to )s n a fe8 'n)tes a
seres of sta&es t+ro)&+ 8+c+ o)r earl" ancestors +a2e slo8l" tra2elledG
sta&es to 8+c+ 8e 'a" fall bac3 n de'enta1 b)t t+ro)&+ 8+c+ onl" n
t+s E)asCe#$er'ent 8+c+ nat)re offers )s can 8e see t+e s$rt $ass and
re$ass )n'o2ed.
(1+ . 6+at +as been sad of +"stercal defects of sensaton '&+t be
re$eated for 'otor defects. T+ere1 too1 t+e $o8ers of 8+c+ t+e s)$ral'nal
self +as lost control contn)e to act n obedence to s)bl'nal $ro'$tn&s.
I cannot n t+e least )nderstand 8+at s &on& on19 sad /ara1 8+en
s+e entered t+e +os$tal LI E)ote ,r. 7anet a&anMG for so'e t'e $ast I +a2e
been 8or3n& n a' odd 8a"G t s no lon&er I 8+o a' 8or3n&1 b)t onl" '"
+ands. T+e" &et on $rett" 8ell1 b)t I +a2e no $art n 8+at t+e" do. 6+en t
s o2er I do not reco&nse '" 8or3 at all. I see t+at t s all r&+tG b)t I feel
t+at I a' E)te nca$able of +a2n& acco'$ls+ed t. If an" one sad1 HIt s
not you 8+o dd t+atZI I 8o)ld ans8er1 HTr)e eno)&+1 t s not I.I 6+en I
8ant to sn& t s '$ossble to 'eG "et at ot+er t'es I +ear '" 2oce
sn&n& t+e son& 2er" 8ell. It s certanl" not I 8+o 8al3G I feel l3e a
balloon 8+c+ D)'$s )$ and do8n of tself. 6+en I 8ant to 8rte I fnd
not+n& to sa"1 '" +ead s e'$t"1 and I ')st let '" +and 8rte 8+at t
c+ooses1 and t flls fo)r $a&es1 and f t+e st)ff s sll" I cannot +el$ t.9
+i,JO-
T+e c)ro)s $ont s19 contn)es /. 7anet1 t+at n t+s fas+on s+e
$rod)ces so'e reall" &ood t+n&s. If s+e 'a3es )$ a dress or 8rtes a letter
s+e so'et'es s+o8s real talent1 b)t t s all done n a bNarre 8a". (+e
loo3s absorbed n +er 8or31 b)t "et )nconsco)s of tG 8+en s+e lfts +er
+ead s+e see's daNed as f s+e 8as co'n& o)t of a drea'1 and does not
recollect 8+at s+e +as been don&. -er 8a" of actn& recalls 8+at s sad of
'en of &en)s 8+o obe" t+er ns$raton 8t+o)t ben& t+e'sel2es a8are of
acco'$ls+n& t+er 'aster$eces.Y To ta3e a +)'bler co'$arson1 s+e
acts as 8e occasonall" do 8+en 8e let o)r +and 8rte of tself a 8ord
8+c+ 8e +a2e for&otten +o8 to s$ell. B)t 8+at 8t+ )s s accdental s 8t+
+er $er$et)alG alt+o)&+ s+e +as stll act2t" s+e +as no lon&er t+e $ersonal
consco)sness of t+s act2t"1 and +er acts t+erefore can no lon&er be called
2ol)ntar".Y (o'e $atents1 on t+e ot+er +and1 8ll not or cannot abandon
t+e'sel2es to t+s a)to'atc act2t". T+e" tr" to $erfor' t+e actons
consco)sl" and 2ol)ntarl"1 and t+en t+e" fal alto&et+er.9
(1, . I $ass on to one of /. 7anet5s 'ost ac)te obser2atons
*
a case
8+ere t+e dfference bet8een t+e fac)lt" stll at t+e co''and of t+e
s)$ral'nal $ersonalt" and t+e fac)lt" trans'ssble onl" b" a)to'atc
'$)lse fro' t+e s)bl'nal self reac+es ts 'a#')' $ont1 and s)&&ests
so'e reflectons of no2el '$ort.
If 8e tell +e'$le&cs or a'"otro$+cs to sE)eeNe t+e d"na'o'eter1
8e &et s)c+ f&)res as ? and *>12er" ')c+ 8+at t+ese +"stercs 'ana&e
to reac+. B)t 8t+ t+e tr)l" $aral"sed s)c+ f&)res do not s)r$rse )s. 6e
3no8 t+at 8e are dealn& 8t+ '$otent $ersons 8+ose e2er" acton s+o8s
t+er 8ea3ness. B)t o)r +"stercs 8+o 'ar3 ? and *> are b" no 'eans
'$otentG t+e" se81 t+e" 8or31 t+e" carr" b)rdens 8t+o)t an" a$$arent
tro)ble. CUlestne1 for nstance1 s a rob)st co)ntr" &rl1 acc)sto'ed to +ard
8or31 and stll as3n& as a fa2o)r to be allo8ed to s8ee$ and r)b t+e floors.
(+e s E)c3Cte'$ered1 and 8+en t+n&s do not &o D)st as s+e l3es s+e
s+a3es t+e beds1 c+an&es t+er $laces1 and lfts 8t+ one ar' t+e 8ooden
ar'c+ars. (+e +as terrble fts of $assonG and n so'e as"l)'s 8+ere s+e
+as been s+e +as so)ndl" t+ras+ed stron& 'en. 6ell1 I sto$ t+s "o)n&
8o'an n t+e 'ddle of +er 8or31 and &2e +er t+e d"na'o'eter to
sE)eeNe. To be&n 8t+1 s+e s absol)tel" anFst+etc on bot+ sdes of +er
bod"1 and ')st needs ooB at t+e nstr)'ent n order to be able to sE)eeNe t
at all. I +a2e tred t+s e#$er'ent oftenG and t+e d"na'o'eter &enerall"
'ar3s @ 8t+ t+e sE)eeNe of +er r&+t +and1 ? 8t+ t+at of +er left. !o8 I
re$eat t+at s)c+ ndcatons of feeble ')sc)lar $o8er are n co'$lete
contradcton 8t+ 8+at I see +er don& e2er" 'n)te. I +a2e 'ade t+e tral
'"self1 and alt+o)&+ I can sE)eeNe t+e sa'e d"na'o'eter )$ to ?>1 I
cannot lft and 'o2e t+e c+ars and beds as CUlestne does.Y It s clear t+at
n t+e +"sterc t+ere s a s$ecal 'odfcaton of ')sc)lar $o8er 8+en s+e s
'ade t+e s)bDect of an e#$er'ent1 8+en s+e s told to $a" attenton1 and to
sE)eeNe an nstr)'ent 8t+ persona #i n order to s+o8 +er persona
strength. (+e can +i,KP- t+en no lon&er &et at +er stren&t+G s+e cannot )se t
n t+s fas+onG albet t+e stren&t+ s reall" t+ere1 and s la2s+l" e#$ended n
all t+e acts of co''on lfe 8+en t+e $atent s not t+n3n& of t. 6+at 8e
+a2e +ere s a defect not of ')scle b)t of 8ll.9
(1' . T+e abo2e e#a'$les1 8+c+ '&+t be &reatl" ')lt$led1 es$ecall"
fro' 4renc+ so)rces1 8ll s)ffce to &2e a noton of dssol)t2e +"stercal
$rocesses1 as no8 obser2ed 8t+ closer ns&+t t+an for'erl"1 n certan
&reat +os$tals. B)t1 ne2ert+eless1 t+ese +os$tal obser2atons do not e#+a)st
8+at +as recentl" been learnt of +"stera. ,ealn& al'ost e#cl)s2el" 8t+ a
certan class of $atents1 t+e" lea2e al'ost )nto)c+ed anot+er &ro)$1
s'aller1 ndeed1 b)t eE)all" nstr)ct2e for o)r st)d".
-"stera s no do)bt a dsease1 b)t t s b" no 'eans on t+at acco)nt an
ndcaton of ntal 8ea3ness of 'nd1 an" 'ore t+an an %rctc e#$lorer5s
frostCbte s an ndcaton of bad crc)laton. ,sease s a f)ncton of t8o
2arablesJ $o8er of resstance and stren&t+ of nD)ro)s st')l)s. In t+e case
of +"stera1 as n t+e case of frostCbte1 t+e nborn $o8er of resstance 'a"
be )n)s)all" &reat1 and "et t+e st')l)s 'a" be so e#cess2e t+at t+at $o8er
'a" be o2erco'e. %rctc e#$lorers +a2e &enerall"1 of co)rse1 been a'on&
t+e 'ost rob)st of 'en. %nd 8t+ so'e +"stercs t+ere s an e2en closer
connecton bet8een ntal stren&t+ and destr)ct2e 'alad". 4or t +as often
+a$$ened t+at t+e 2er" feeln&s 8+c+ 8e re&ard as c+aracterstcall"
c2lsed1 c+aracterstcall" +ono)rable1 +a2e reac+ed a $tc+ of 22dness
and delcac" 8+c+ e#$oses t+er o8ners to s+oc3s s)c+ as t+e selfs+ clo8n
can ne2er 3no8. It 8o)ld be a &reat 'sta3e to s)$$ose t+at all $s"c+cal
)$sets are d)e to 2ant"1 to an&er1 to terror1 to se#)al $asson. T+e nstncts
of $ersonal cleanlness and of fe'nne 'odest" are res$onsble for 'an" a
brea3do8n of a senst2e1 b)t not a relat2el" $eebe or&ansaton. T+e lo2e
of one5s fello8Ccreat)res and t+e lo2e of God are res$onsble for 'an"
'ore. %nd 8+" s+o)ld t not be soW T+ere e#st for 'an" 'en and 8o'en
st')l far stron&er t+an selfCestee' or bodl" desres. -)'an lfe rests
'ore and 'ore )$on deas and e'otons 8+ose relaton to t+e conser2aton
of t+e race or of t+e nd2d)al s ndrect and obsc)re. 4eeln&s 8+c+ 'a"
once +a2e been )tltaran +a2e de2elo$ed 8+oll" o)t of $ro$orton to an"
ad2anta&e 8+c+ t+e" can &an for t+er $ossessor n t+e str)&&le for lfe.
T+e dan&ers 8+c+ are no8 'ost s+)ddern&l" felt are often no real rs3s to
lfe or fort)ne. T+e a's 'ost ardentl" $)rs)ed are often 8orse t+an )seless
for 'an re&arded as a 'ere o2erCr)nner of t+e eart+.
T+ere s t+)s real $s"c+olo&cal dan&er n f#n& o)r conce$ton of
+)'an c+aracter too lo8. (o'e essental lessons of a co'$le# $ert)rbaton
of $ersonalt" are a$t to be 'ssed f 8e be&n 8t+ t+e con2cton t+at t+ere
s not+n& before )s b)t a st)d" of deca". %s I +a2e 'ore t+an once fo)nd
need to 'antan1 t s +s stead" ad2ance1 and not +s occasonal re&resson1
8+c+ 'a3es t+e c+ef concern of 'an.
To t+s sde of t+e st)d" of +"stera ,rs. Bre)er and 4re)d (n1 e.g., t+er
+i,KG- Studien Rber 'ysterie, Le$N&1 *A@?) +a2e 'ade 2al)able
contrb)ton ,ra8n& t+er $atents not fro' +os$tal 8ards1 b)t fro'
$r2ate $ractce1 t+e" +a2e +ad t+e &ood fort)ne to enco)nter1 and t+e
$enetraton to )nderstand1 so'e re'ar3able cases 8+ere )nselfs+ b)t
$o8erf)l $assons +a2e $ro2ed too ')c+ for t+e eE)lbr)' of 'nds
$re2o)sl" 8ellCfortfed bot+ b" $rnc$le and b" ed)caton. % so'e8+at
detaled acco)nt of t8o of t+ese cases 'a" ser2e '" $)r$ose n t+s c+a$ter
n 'ore 8a"s t+an one. In t+e frst case 8e s+all see t+e nsstent dea n ts
'ost nterestn& for'1 'd8a" bet8een t+e )nreac+able s)bl'nal
re'nscences1 8+c+ &2e t+e s&nal (as n 7anet5s cases) for +"stercal
attac3s1 and t+e s)$ral'nal and reco&nsed id;e $i0e, 8+c+ s t+e tor'ent
of 'an" 8a3n& e#stences. !o8+ere +a2e 8e a better e#a'$le of t+e
')t)al convertibiity of 'oral and $+"scal sensatonst+e 8a" n 8+c+
an e'otonal dea 'a" be symboised for t+e s)fferer b" t+e affecton of an
e#ternal sense. -ere s t+e con2erse $rocess to $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs1 a 3nd of
$s"c+cal selfCnfectonselfCs)&&eston n a $o8erf)l and a no#o)s for'.
In t+e second case to be +ere anal"sed 8e see a stll stran&er $rocess of
dsnte&raton at 8or3. -ere also t+e frst s"'$to's are s)bl'nal id;es
$i0es, translatn& t+e'sel2es nto so'atc s"'$to's1 8+ose or&n s onl"
reco2ered b" +el$ of t+e $rofo)nder 'e'or" of +"$notc trance. B)t 8t+
4rS)len %nna t+ese s)b'er&ed deas1 t+ese +dden )lcers of t+e 'nd1
beco'e1 so to sa"1 con$uent. 6e +a2e a transton fro' id;es $i0es to a
secondar" $ersonalt"1 do'nated b" t+ose deas1 and sn3n& nto
nco+erent nsant". Yet e2en fro' t+at de$t+ a certan resol)te fr'ness of
t+e $atent5s te'$er1 aded b" ,r. Bre)er5s s3ll n s)&&eston1 rases +er
once 'ore1 and re$laces +er )nnD)red a'on& sane and 2&oro)s 8o'en.
(1* . /ss L)c" R.1 t+e +erone of t+e frst case1 8as an En&ls+
&o2erness n t+e fa'l" of a Ger'an 'an)fact)rer. (+e 8as t+rt" "ears of
a&e1 n $erfect +ealt+1 e#ce$t for a local nfla''aton of t+e nose. It s
nterestn& to note t+at t+s local tro)ble $robabl" s)&&ested t+e s$ecal
sense on 8+c+ a +all)cnaton co)ld 'ost readl" f# tself.
T+e s"'$to' for 8+c+ /ss R. cons)lted ,r. 4re)d 8as1 n fact1 a
$ersstent +all)cnator" s'ell of burnt pudding. Caref)l nE)r" traced t+e
or&n of t+s s'ell to a scene 8+en t+e c+ldren )nder +er c+ar&e1
affectonatel" s$ortn& 8t+ +er1 +ad allo8ed so'e $)ddn& 8+c+ 8as on
t+e sc+oolroo' fre to b)rn. It 8as not ob2o)s 8+" t+s ncdent s+o)ld
+a2e carred so ')c+ e'otonal '$ort. Grad)all" t+e tr)t+ ca'e o)t1 a
tr)t+ 8+c+ /ss R.and t+s s an essental $ont+ad conceaed $rom
herse$ 8t+ all t+e resol)ton of 8+c+ s+e 8as ca$able. (+e +ad
)nconsco)sl" fallen n lo2e 8t+ +er e'$lo"er1 a 8do8er1 8+ose c+ldren
s+e +ad $ro'sed t+er d"n& 'ot+er to care for al8a"s. T+e scene of t+e
b)rnt $)ddn& re$resented a 'o'ent at 8+c+ an obsc)re scr)$le of
conscence )r&ed +er to E)t +er tr)st1 to lea2e t+ese c+ldren1 8+o 8ere
no8 de2oted to +er1 on acco)nt of so'et+n& d'l" felt to be )ns)table +i,
KH- n +er o8n attt)de of 'nd to8ards t+er fat+er. 6+en once t+s
confesson +ad been 'adea confesson ne8 to +erself as 8ell as to t+e
$+"scant+e +all)cnator" s'ell of b)rnt $)ddn& dsa$$eared. Its
$ersstence +ad ndcated t+at t+e e'otonal 'e'or" on 8+c+ t 8as based
+ad not1 so to sa"1 been absorbed nto t+e &eneral $s"c+cal crc)laton1 b)t
+ad re'aned enc"sted n t+e $ersonalt"1 a ca)se of $ress)re and dstress.
B)t no8 occ)rred a s"'$to' 8+c+ to a less s3lf)l or $atent obser2er
8o)ld +a2e see'ed 'erel" baffln& and ca$rco)s1 b)t fro' 8+c+ ,r.
4re)d dre8 a $s"c+olo&cal lesson 8+c+ ll)strates 8t+ c)ro)s delcac"
t+e s)$er$oston of strata 'ore and 'ore se&re&ated fro' 8a3n&
consco)sness.
%s t+e scent of b)rnt $)ddn& 8ent off t beca'e clear t+at anot+er scent
+ad )nderlan t1 8+c+ stll $erssteda scent of tobaccoCs'o3e. It see'ed
'$ossble to trace t+e 'o'ent of or&n of so e2er"da" an odo)r. B)t b"
stron& s)&&estons n a 8a3n& or l&+tl" +"$notsed state1$lacn& +s
+and on t+e $atent5s fore+ead1,r. 4re)d 8as able to e2o3e a strea' of
$ctoral 'e'or"1 closel" analo&o)s to cr"stalC2son. -e called )$on +er to
$ct)re t+)s t+e scene reE)red. T+en slo8l" and fra&'entarl" a $ct)re
rses to t+e s)rface9 5 au$taucht 6. B)t t re$resents onl" t+e dnn&Croo' of
+er e'$lo"er5s +o)se1 8+ere s+e s 8atn& 8t+ t+e c+ldren for +s ret)rn
to earl" dnner fro' t+e 'an)factor". %nd no819 s+e sa"s1 8e are all
sttn& do8n at tablet+e &entle'en1 t+e 4renc+ &o2erness1 t+e
+o)se3ee$er1 t+e c+ldren1 and I. B)t t+s s D)st an e2er"da" sceneZ9 Go on
loo3n& at t+e $ct)re19 re$les ,r. 4re)d1 t 8ll de2elo$ and s$ecalse
tself.9 I see t+at t+ere s a &)est1 t+e +ead cas+er1 an old &entle'an 8+o
lo2es t+e c+ldren l3e an )ncleG b)t +e co'es so often to dnner t+at t+ere s
not+n& )n)s)al n +s $resence.9 PatenceZ &o on loo3n& at t+e $ct)reG I
a' s)re t+at so'et+n& 8ll +a$$en.9 !ot+n& $artc)lar +a$$ens. !o8 8e
are rsn& fro' tableG t+e c+ldren are lea2n& t+e roo'1 and are &on& nto
t+e ne#t roo' 8t+ t+e 4renc+ &o2erness and '"self as t+e" al8a"s do.9
6ell1 8+at ne#tW9 %+Z +ere s an )n)s)al crc)'stance1 and no8 I
reco&nse t+e scene co'$letel"Z %s t+e c+ldren lea2e t+e roo' t+e cas+er
'a3es as t+o)&+ to 3ss t+e'. T+e fat+er D)'$s )$ and calls o)t ro)&+l"1
H,on5t 3ss t+e c+ldrenZI I feel a 3nd of stab n '" +eart. T+e &entle'en
are s'o3n&G +ence t s t+at t+e s'ell of c&ars re'ans f#ed n '"
'e'or".9
T+e $ont s eas" to )nderstand. It 8as t+s +ars+ness1 $rde1 aloofness n
t+e nat)re of t+e 'an)fact)rer1 8+o treated t+)s ro)&+l" a s)bordnate 8+o
8as also an old frend1 8+c+ b)rnt tself )$on t+e bran1 as 8e sa"1 of t+s
ot+er s)bordnate 8+o +ad obsc)rel" +o$ed t+at +er e'$lo"er +ad a &entler
and 'ore accessble +eart. (+e $)t asde t+e $anf)l '$ressonG b)t t+e
t+o)&+t 8+c+ 8as 3e$t o)t of t+e s)$ral'nal lod&ed n t+e +"$notc
strat)'.
+i,KI-
T+e 8a" to 'nster to a 'nd t+)s dseased 8as not +ard to dsco2er.
T+ere 8as not+n& n t+s dee$C+dden affecton 8+c+ 8as )n8ort+" of a
$)re +eart. T+ere 8as onl" t+e 'adenl" s+a'e at +a2n&1 +o8e2er secretl"1
entertaned t for one 8+o 8as abo2e +er n 8orldl" fort)ne1 and 8+o 8as
not $re$ared to res$ond. B" s"'$at+"1 b" s)&&eston1 t+e tone of t+e
affecton 8as c+an&ed. Ge8ss1 c+ lebe +n1 aber das 'ac+t 'r 8eter
nc+ts. /an 3ann Da be sc+ den3en )nd e'$fnden 8as 'an 8ll.9 6t+ t+e
dsa$$earance of all $ersonal cla' or +o$e t+e lo2e ceased to $ert)rb1 and
t+e $atent reco2ered +ealt+ and s$rts.
(1) . (tll 'ore re'ar3able 8as t+e case of 4rS)len %nna O.1 of 8+c+
a bref record ')st no8 be &2en. ,r. Bre)er asserts1 and t+e detals of t+e
stor" s)$$ort +s 2e81 t+at 4rS)len O. 8as &reatl" abo2e t+e a2era&e
standard n c+aracter1 ed)caton1 and $+"scal 2&o)r. T+ere 8as +ere no
mis=re psychoogique , no t+nness or feebleness n t+e or&nal str)ct)re of
t+e $ersonalt". 4rS)len O. led an act2e and +a$$" lfeJ +er stron&est
attac+'ent 8as to +er fat+er. -er t+o)&+ts dd not d8ell on lo2e or 'arra&e
(n t+e 8+ole ran&e of +er +all)cnatons and delr)' t+ere 8as no trace of
t+s)1 b)t s+e +ad &reat 'a&nat2e act2t" n da"Cdrea's1 t+e n2enton of
stores1 and t+e l3e.
T+e ca)se of +er brea3do8n la" n a lon&1 dstressn&1 and )lt'atel"
fatal llness of +er fat+er5s (*AA>KA*) 8+en s+e 8as t8ent"Cone "ears old.
(+e n)rsed +' 8t+ a $assonate selfCde2oton1 8+c+ 8as1 no do)bt1
)n8se1 b)t 8+c+ can +ardl" be called morbid. -er ner2o)s s"ste' &a2e
8a"1 and a E)antt" of +"stercal affectons set n. T+ere 8ere +eadac+es1
strabs')s1 dst)rbances of s&+t and of s$eec+1 $ost2e and ne&at2e
+all)cnatons1 t+e nfl)ence of id;es $i0es, contractons1 anFst+esF1 &c.
T+e condton of e#tre'e nstablt" t+)s nd)ced1 2ar"n& fro' +o)r to
+o)r1 &a2e rse at t'es to a secondar" $ersonalt" 8+c+ la" o)tsde t+e
$r'ar" 'e'or". 6e t+)s +a2e a 2er" drect transton fro' solated
dst)rbances to a clea2a&e of t+e 8+ole $ersonalt".
,st)rbances of speech 'a" &2e 2er" delcate ndcatons of nternal
t)r'ol of t+e $ersonalt"G and 4rS)len O.5s &reat ln&)stc &ft 'ade +er
$er+a$s t+e 'ost nterestn& e#a'$le on record of +"stercal a$+asa and
$ara$+asa. (o'et'es s+e 8as alto&et+er s$eec+less. (o'et'es s+e tal3ed
Ger'an n t+e )n&ra''atcal1 ne&roCl3e fas+on 8+c+ so often
acco'$anes trance or secondar" statesG8ell ndcatn&1 n '" 2e81 t+e
nco+erent c+aracter of t+e t+en o$erat2e control. (o'et'es s+e s$o3e
En&ls+1 a$$arentl" bele2n& t to be Ger'an1 b)t )nderstood Ger'anG
so'et'es s+e s$o3e En&ls+ and co)ld not )nderstand Ger'an. (T+e
En&ls+ $+rases of +ers 8+c+ ,r. Bre)er E)otes are1 be t noted1 re'ar3abl"
neat and 8ell c+osen.) (o'et'es s+e s$o3e 4renc+ or ItalanG and n
4renc+ or Italan states s+e +ad no 'e'or" of En&ls+ states1 and vice
versF. (o'et'es1 +o8e2er1 n an En&ls+ state s+e co)ld )nderstand 4renc+
or Italan boo3sG b)t f s+e read t+e' alo)d s+e read t+e' n En&ls+1
a$$arentl" )na8are t+at t+e" 8ere not n t+at lan&)a&e.
+i,KJ-
T+e or&n of t+s tendenc" to En&ls+ 8as after8ards e#$laned n t+e
+"$notc state. Eac+ of t+e s$ecfc +"stercal s"'$to's too3 ts rse fro'
so'e ncdent 8+c+ +ad +a$$ened n +o)rs of an#o)s an&)s+ b" +er
fat+er5s bedsde. In an +o)r of be8ldered e#+a)ston s+e +ad s)ffered fro'
a 3nd of +alfC8a3n& n&+t'are1 +ad str2en to $ra"1 co)ld fnd no 8ords1
and +ad at last re'e'bered onl" a lne fro' an En&ls+ c+ld5s +"'n. T+s
effort1 8t+ t+s cas)al res)lt1 see'ed to +a2e &2en a $ersstent s)&&eston
of En&ls+ s$eec+1 n a 'anner so'e8+at re'ndn& )s of t+e $+rase 8+c+
+as been last )ttered before a$+asa sets n1 and 8+c+ often $erssts for t+e
a$+asc as +s sn&le )tterance. T+ro)&+o)t t+e "ear *AA* t+ese s"'$to's
contn)ed1 and as t+e t'e of "ear ca'e ro)nd 8+en s+e 8as frst ta3en ll1 a
sn&)lar t'eC+all)cnaton s$ran& )$. T+s 8as1 n fact1 a d)$le# e#stence
at t8o dates1 re'ndn& )s of Lo)s V2U (see (ecton (33) and so'e ot+er
+"stercs 8+o can be set bac3 b" artfce to a for'er $erod of t+er l2es.
-ealt+" +"$notc s)bDects1 as I +a2e seen1 can so'et'es be t+)s
trans$orted bac38ards1 alt+o)&+ n a less $rofo)nd 'anner.
(19 . T+e t8o condtons19 sa"s ,r. Bre)er1 no lon&er dffered1 as
for'erl"1 onl" n t+e fact t+at n t+e frst condton s+e 8as nor'al and n
t+e second $ractcall" nsane. 4or no8 n +er frst condton s+e l2ed1 l3e
t+e rest of )s1 n t+e 8nter of *AA*KA.1 8+le n +er second condton s+e
l2ed n t+e 8nter of *AA>KA*1 and n t+at state all t+at +ad +a$$ened
s)bseE)entl" 8as clean for&otten. Onl" t+e consco)sness t+at +er fat+er
8as dead see'ed to $ersst t+ro)&+o)t. T+e setCbac3 nto t+e $ast "ear 8as
so defnte and stron& t+at n +er ne8 +o)se s+e 8as s)bDect to t+e
+all)cnaton of +er for'er bedroo'G and 8+en s+e 8s+ed to &o to t+e door
s+e ran to t+e sto2e1 8+c+ n +er ne8 roo' stood n t+e sa'e $lace
relat2el" to t+e 8ndo8 as t+e door +ad stood n t+e old roo'. T+e
transton fro' one state to anot+er ca'e on s$ontaneo)sl"1 and co)ld also
be easl" s)''oned )$ b" 'eans of an" senseC'$resson 8+c+ 22dl"
re'nded +er of t+e $re2o)s "ear. It 8as eno)&+ to +old before +er an
oran&e (oran&es +ad been +er 'an food n +er llness)1 to $)t +er bac3 fro'
*AA. to *AA*. %nd t+s ret)rn to t+e $ast "ear too3 $lace n no 2a&)e or
&eneral fas+on1 b)t s+e l2ed eac+ da" t+ro)&+ eac+ corres$ondn& da" of
t+e $ast 8nter. I dsco2ered t+s n t8o 8a"sJ n t+e e2enn&5s +"$noss s+e
confessed da" b" da" t+e tro)bles or ll)sons 8+c+ +ad dst)rbed +er on
t+e corres$ondn& da" of *AA*1 and also a $r2ate dar" of +er 'ot+er5s
s+o8ed 'e t+e absol)te acc)rac" of t+e e#ternal facts of t+e $re2o)s 8nter
as re22ed n t+e +"stercal ll)son.
It 8as c)ro)s to see +o8 t+ese re22ed $s"c+cal st')l e#ercsed an
effect fro' t+e second condton )$on t+e frst or nor'al condton. It
+a$$ened1 for nstance1 t+at t+e $atent sad to 'e la)&+n&l" n t+e 'ornn&
t+at s+e dd not 3no8 8+"1 b)t s+e 8as an&r" 8t+ 'e. T+an3s to t+e
'ot+er5s dar" I fo)nd o)t 8+at 8as t+e 'atter1 and re'o2ed t b" Htal3n& t
o)tI n t+e e2enn&5s +"$noss. I +ad n $ont of fact &reatl" +i,KK- an&ered
t+e $atent on t+at e2enn& n t+e $re2o)s "ear. Or s+e sad anot+er da" t+at
t+ere 8as so'et+n& 8ron& 8t+ +er e"esG s+e sa8 colo)rs )ntr)l"G s+e
3ne8 t+at +er dress 8as bro8n1 b)t s+e sa8 t bl)e. E#$er'ent s+o8ed t+at
s+e co)ld $erfectl" 8ell dstn&)s+ tnts on testC$a$ers1 and t+at t+e
dst)rbance affected onl" +er 2son of t+e st)ff of +er dress. T+e reason 8as
t+at on t+at da" n t+e $re2o)s "ear s+e +ad been 2er" b)s" 8t+ a dressn&C
&o8n for +er fat+er1 'ade of t+e sa'e st)ff as t+s dress1 b)t bl)e nstead of
bro8n.9
% 'ost dstressn& nablt" to drinB ca'e on n t+e s)''er of *AA.1
and lasted for s# 8ee3s1 obl&n& t+e $atent to l2e 'anl" on 'elons1
)ntl t 8as dsco2ered t+at t+s s+)ddern& nca$act" to s8allo8 lE)ds
8as t+e res)lt of a ds&)st e#$erenced at a l3e $erod n *AA*1 at t+e s&+t
of a do& allo8ed to drn3 fro' an acE)antance5s &lass. 4rS)len O. +ad
concealed t+s ds&)st at t+e t'e1 o)t of $olteness1 b)t t+e )ne#$ressed
loat+n& +ad so 8or3ed tself o)t n +er or&ans'1 as to $rod)ce a 3nd of
+"dro$+obc s$as' 8+en t+e s)bl'nall" re'e'bered t'e of "ear ca'e
ro)nd.
,)rn& t+e n&+ts t+e second condton19 8+c+ stll re$rod)ced t+e
$re2o)s "ear1 8as do'nant. ConseE)entl"1 snce t+e fa'l" +ad c+an&ed
+o)ses snce t+at date1 t+e $atent1 f s+e a8o3e n t+e n&+t1 8as lable to
&reater alar' t+an n t+e da"1 t+n3n&1 n t+e loss of correcton fro' recent
'e'ores1 t+at s+e +ad been carred a8a" fro' +o'e. T+s a838ardness
8as a2erted b" a s)&&eston fro' ,r. Bre)er t+at s+e co)ld not o$en +er
e"es at n&+tG alt+o)&+ once 8+en s+e 8e$t n +er slee$ +er e"elds 8ere1 so
to sa"1 forced o$en b" t+e tears1 and s+e 8as seNed 8t+ t+e sa'e terror at
+er s)rro)ndn&s.
-ere1 as n so 'an" cases1 +"$nots' s+o8ed tself t+e e#act correlat2e1
t+e s$ecfc antdote1 of +"stera. E#actl" t+e s"'$to's 8+c+ +"stera +ad
ca)sed +"$notc s)&&eston co)ld re'ed". E#actl" t+e $)NNles 8+c+
+"stera +ad 8o2en +"$notc s)&&eston co)ld )nloc3.
T+e tal3n& c)re9 or c+'ne"Cs8ee$n&19 as 4rS)len O. called t1 8as
$ractcall" eE)2alent to con$ession under hypnosis. E2er" e2enn& ,r.
Bre)er +"$notsed +er1 and t+en nE)red as to t+e or&n of eac+ s"'$to'
n t)rn. 4or eac+ s"'$to' t+ere dd e#st s)c+ a 'o'ent of or&nG often a
tr2al accdent or&natn& a lon& and sero)s tro)ble. 4or nstance1 t+e
'acro$s" and strabs')s con2er&ens9 8+c+ +ad lon& tro)bled t+e $atent
8ere traced to a 'o'ent 8+en +er fat+er as3ed +er 8+at t'e t 8as1 and
s+e1 loo3n& +astl" 8+le s+e 8e$t1 sa8 t+e dal of +er 8atc+ 'a&nfed and
dstorted t+ro)&+ +er tears. (o soon as t+e ca)se of eac+ accdent of t+s
3nd 8as traced and dsc)ssed1 8t+ s$ecal ar&)'ents to re'o2e an" selfC
bla'e t+ereto attac+n&1 t+e $er2erson of sensblt" or of 'otrct"
dsa$$eared. T+e solated1 +"$ertro$+ed 'e'or" 8as bro)&+t bac31 as I
+a2e sad1 nto t+e &eneral c)rrent of t+e $s"c+cal crc)laton. It s as
t+o)&+ t+e $ast $assa&e of lfe 8as reCl2ed1 and altered n t+e reCl2n&.
+i,KL-
((0 . In certan cases of 7anet5s1 ndeed1 a ne8 and false1 b)t +el$f)l
'e'or" 8as s)bstt)ted for t+e old dstressn& 'e'or"G as 8+ere a +"sterc1
s)ffern& fro' +orror at t+e recollecton of +a2n& been 'ade to slee$ as a
c+ld alon& 8t+ anot+er c+ld s)ffern& fro' s3nCdsease1 8as $ers)aded
b" +"$notc s)&&eston t+at t+s ot+er c+ld +ad reall" been $erfectl" so)nd
and 8ell. In 4rS)len O.5s case no dece$ton 8as needf)l. %ll t+at 8as
necessar" 8as to 'a3e +er see $ast e2ents n t+er tr)e $ro$orton. T+e
confesson 8as cathartic/ t cleared a8a" t+e 'orbd $rod)cts and
stren&t+ened t+e co+erence of t+e sane $ersonalt"G t restored 4rS)len O. to
'ental and bodl" 2&o)r.
6a# to rece2e and 'arble to retanG9 s)c+1 as 8e all +a2e felt1 s t+e
+)'an 'nd n 'o'ents of e#cte'ent 8+c+ transcend ts resstant $o8ers.
T+s 'a" be for &ood or for e2l1 'a" tend to t+at radcal c+an&e n et+cal
stand$ont 8+c+ s called conversion, or to t+e 'ere settn&C)$ of so'e
+"stercal dsablt". 6+o s+all sa" +o8 far 8e desre to be s)sce$tble to
st')l)sW /ost ras+ 8o)ld t be to ass&n an" f#ed l't1 or to class as
nferor t+ose 8+ose 'an dfference fro' o)rsel2es 'a" be t+at t+e" feel
sncerel" and $assonatel" 8+at 8e feel tor$dl"1 or $er+a$s onl" affect to
feel. T+e ter' de&enerate19 sa"s ,r. /lne Bra'8ell1 s a$$led so freel"
and 8del" b" so'e 'odern a)t+ors t+at one cannot +el$ concl)dn& t+at
t+e" ran3 as s)c+ all 8+o do not confor' to so'e $r't2e1 sa2a&e t"$e1
$ossessn& an '$erfectl" de2elo$ed ner2o)s s"ste'.9 O)r de&enerates9
'a" so'et'es be n tr)t+ progenerate/ and t+er $ert)rbaton 'a" 'as3 an
e2ol)ton 8+c+ 8e or o)r c+ldren needs ')st tra2erse 8+en t+e" +a2e
s+o8n t+e 8a".
Let )s $a)se for a 'o'ent and consder 8+at s +ere '$led. 6e are
&ettn& +ere a'on& t+e hyst;riques qui m=nent e monde. 6e +a2e
ad2anced1 t+at s to sa"1 fro' t+e re&on of id;es $i0es of a $altr" or 'orbd
t"$e to t+e re&on of id;es $i0es 8+c+ n t+e'sel2es are reasonable and
+ono)rable1 and 8+c+ beco'e 'orbd onl" on acco)nt of t+er relat2e
ntenst". -ere s t+e debateable &ro)nd bet8een +"stera and &en)s. T+e
3nd of &en)s 8+c+ 8e a$$roac+ +ere s not1 ndeed1 t+e $)rel" ntellect)al
for'. Rat+er t s t+e 'oral &en)s19 t+e &en)s of sanctt"19 or t+at
$ossesson9 b" so'e altr)stc dea 8+c+ les at t+e root of so 'an" +eroc
l2es.
T+e +a&olo&" of all rel&ons offers endless e#a'$les of t+s t"$e. T+at
'an 8o)ld +ardl" be re&arded as a &reat sant 8+ose cond)ct see'ed
co'$letel" reasonable to t+e 'ass of 'an3nd. T+e sant n conseE)ence s
a$t to be set )nd)l" a$art1 8+et+er for 2eneraton or for rdc)le. -e s
re&arded et+er as ns$red or as 'orbdG 8+en n realt" all t+at +s 'ode of
lfe s+o8s s t+at certan id;es $i0es, n t+e'sel2es of no )n8ort+" 3nd1
+a2e obtaned s)c+ do'nance t+at t+er '$)ls2e acton 'a" ta3e and
reta3e1 as accdent 8lls1 t+e ste$ bet8een t+e s)bl'e and t+e rdc)lo)s.
/art"rs1 'ssonares1 cr)saders1 n+lsts1ent+)sasts of an" 3nd +i,
KM- 8+o are s8a"ed b" '$)lses lar&el" belo8 t+e t+res+old of ordnar"
consco)sness1t+ese 'en brn& to bear on +)'an affars a force 'ore
concentrated and at +&+er tenson t+an delberate reason can &enerate. T+e"
are 2rt)all" carr"n& o)t selfCs)&&estons 8+c+ +a2e acE)red t+e
$er'anence of id;es $i0es. T+er f#ed deas1 +o8e2er1 are not so solated1 so
enc"sted as t+ose of tr)e +"stercs. %lt+o)&+ 'ore dee$l" and '')tabl"
rooted t+an t+er deas on ot+er 'atters1 t+ese s)bl'nal con2ctons are
8or3ed n 8t+ t+e $rod)cts of s)$ral'nal reason1 and of co)rse can onl"
t+)s be 'ade effect2e o2er ot+er 'nds. % dee$ s)bl'nal +orror1
&enerated1 sa"1 b" t+e s&+t of so'e loat+so'e cr)elt"1 ')st not onl"
$ro'$t +all)cnatons1as t '&+t do n t+e +"sterc and +as often done n
t+e refor'er as 8ell1t ')st also1 f t s to 8or3 o)t ts 'sson of refor'1
be +eld clearl" before t+e s)$ral'nal reason1 and ')st learn to e#$ress
tself n 8rtn& or s$eec+ ada$ted to nfl)ence ordnar" 'nds.
((1 . 6e 'a" no8 $ass fro' t+e frst to t+e second of t+e cate&ores of
dsnte&raton of $ersonalt" s)&&ested at t+e be&nnn& of t+s c+a$ter. T+e
cases 8+c+ I +a2e t+)s far descrbed +a2e been 'anl" cases of isoation of
ele'ents of $ersonalt". T+e" +a2e e#+bted 'nor detac+'ents fro' t+e
'an $ersonalt"1 ass)'n& a E)asCnde$endent e#stence et+er as
reco&nsable f#ed deas1 or as t+e $+"scal re$resentatons or so'atc
eE)2alents of obsc)re f#ed deas1as1 for nstance1 $ersstent
+all)cnatons or dst)rbances of s'ell or of s&+t. 6e +a2e not dealt as "et
8t+ secondary personaities as s)c+. T+ere s1 +o8e2er1 a close connecton
bet8een t+ese t8o classes. 6e +a2e seen t+at n 4rS)len O.5s case1 for
e#a'$le1 a 3nd of secondar" state at t'es nter2eneda sort of
be8lder'ent arsn& fro' confl)ent id;es $i0es and o2err)nnn& +er 8+ole
$ersonalt". T+s ne8 state 8as $receded or acco'$aned b" so'et+n& of
so'na'b)lc c+an&e. It s t+s ne8 feat)re of 8+c+ 8e +a2e +ere a frst
+nt 8+c+ see's to 'e of s)ffcent '$ortance for t+e da&noss of '"
second class of $s"c+cal dsnte&ratons. T+s second class starts fro'
slee$C8a3n&s of all 3nds1 and ncl)des all sta&es of alternaton of
$ersonalt"1 fro' bref so'na'b)ls's )$ to t+ose $er'anent and t+oro)&+
c+an&es 8+c+ deser2e t+e na'e of d'or$+s's.
6e are 'a3n& +ere a transton so'e8+at rese'bln& t+e transton
fro' solated bodl" nD)res to t+ose s)btler c+an&es of dat+ess 8+c+
c+an&e of cl'ate or of n)trton 'a" nd)ce. (o'et+n& +as +a$$ened
8+c+ 'a3es t+e or&ans' react to all st')l n a ne8 8a". O)r best
startn&C$ont for t+e st)d" of t+ese secondar" states les a'on& t+e
$+eno'ena of dream.
6e s+all n a later c+a$ter dsc)ss certan rare c+aracterstcs of drea'sG
occasonal 'anfestatons n slee$ of 8a3n& fac)lt" +e&+tened1 or of
fac)lt" alto&et+er ne8. 6e +a2e no8 to consder ordnar" drea's n t+er
as$ect as ndcatons of t+e str)ct)re of o)r $ersonalt"1 and as a&ences
8+c+ tend to ts 'odfcaton.
+i,KN-
In t+e frst $lace1 t s+o)ld be borne n 'nd t+at t+e drea'n& state1
t+o)&+ I 8ll not call t t+e nor'al for' of 'entaton1 s ne2ert+eless t+e
for' 8+c+ o)r 'entaton 'ost readl" and +abt)all" ass)'es. ,rea's of a
3nd are $robabl" &on& on 8t+n )s bot+ b" n&+t and b" da"1 )nc+ec3ed
b" an" de&ree of tenson of 8a3n& t+o)&+t. T+s 2e8t+eoretcall"
$robablesee's to 'e to be s)$$orted b" one5s o8n act)al e#$erence n
'o'entar" doNes or e2en 'o'entar" la$ses of attenton. T+e condton of
8+c+ one t+en beco'es consco)s s t+at of s8ar'n& fra&'ents of t+o)&+t
or 'a&er"1 8+c+ +a2e a$$arentl" been &on& on contn)o)sl"1 t+o)&+ one
'a" beco'e a8are of t+e' and t+en )na8are at 'o'entar" nter2alsG
8+le one tres1 for nstance1 to lsten to a s$eec+ or to read a boo3 alo)d
bet8een slee$ and 8a3n&.
T+s1 t+en1 s t+e 3nd of 'entaton fro' 8+c+ o)r clearer and 'ore
co+erent states 'a" be s)$$osed to de2elo$. 6a3n& lfe '$les a f#aton
of attenton on one t+read of t+o)&+t r)nnn& t+ro)&+ a tan&led s3en. In
+"stercal $atents 8e see so'e cases 8+ere no s)c+ f#aton s $ossble1
and ot+er cases 8+ere t+e f#aton s n2ol)ntar"1 or follo8s a t+read 8+c+
t s not desrable to $)rs)e.
T+ere s1 'oreo2er1 anot+er $ec)lart" of drea's 8+c+ +as +ardl"
attracted s)ffcent notce fro' $s"c+olo&sts1 b)t 8+c+ t s essental to
re2e8 8+en 8e are dealn& 8t+ fractonatons of $ersonalt".
*
I all)de to
t+er dramatic c+aracter. In drea'1 to be&n 8t+1 8e +a2e an en2ron'ent1
a s)rro)ndn& scene 8+c+ 8e +a2e not 8ttn&l" n2ented1 b)t 8+c+ 8e
fnd1 as t 8ere1 a8atn& o)r entr". %nd n 'an" cases o)r drea' contans a
conversation n 8+c+ 8e a8at 8t+ ea&erness and +ear 8t+ s)r$rse t+e
re'ar3s of o)r nterloc)tor1 8+o ')st1 of co)rse1 all t+e t'e re$resent onl"
anot+er se&'ent or strat)' of o)rsel2es. T+s d)$lcaton 'a" beco'e
et+er $anf)l or $leasant. % fe2ers+ drea' 'a" s')late t+e conf)sons of
nsant"cases 8+ere t+e $atent bele2es +'self to be t8o $ersons at
once1 and t+e l3e.
.
On t+e ot+er +and1 a relat2el" co+erent drea' 'a"
a&reeabl" s$lt off 2s)al 'e'ores and 'a&naton fro' t+e consco)sness
8t+ 8+c+ t+e drea'er dentfes +'self. One 'a" 8al3 n drea' t+ro)&+
a $ct)reC&aller" crtcsn& $ct)res 8+c+ anot+er ele'ent of one5s
$ersonalt" +as +)n& on t+e 8alls. %&an1 one 'a" be able to dentf" a
d2son of date bet8een t8o 'ental strataG t+e frst strat)' ben& $)NNled
b" a scra$ of 'e'or" 8+c+ t+e second strat)' retans. In ot+er cases one5s
+&+er and one5s lo8er 'oral '$)lses 'a" be arra"ed a&anst eac+ ot+er n
drea'G t+e drea'er dentf"n& +'self so'et'es 8t+ +s 8orse1
so'et'es 8t+ +s better '$)lse. T+ese co'$lcatons rarel" ca)se t+e
drea'er an" s)r$rse. One 'a" e2en sa" t+at 8t+ t+e frst to)c+ of slee$
t+e s)$erfcal )nt" of consco)sness dsa$$ears1 and t+at t+e drea' 8orld
&2es a tr)er re$resentaton t+an +i,KO- t+e 8a3n& 8orld of t+e real
fractonaton or ')lt$lct" e#stn& beneat+ t+at del)s2e s'$lct" 8+c+
t+e &lare of 8a3n& consco)sness '$oses )$on t+e 'ental feld of 2e8.
Bearn& t+ese analo&es n 'nd1 8e s+all see t+at t+e de2elo$'ent of
so'na'b)ls' o)t of ordnar" drea' s no solated oddt". It s $arallel to
t+e de2elo$'ent of a secondar" state fro' id;es $i0es 8+en t+ese +a2e
$assed a certan $tc+ of ntenst". T+e slee$C8a3n& states 8+c+ de2elo$
fro' slee$ +a2e t+e c+aracterstcs 8+c+ 8e s+o)ld e#$ect fro' t+er
lar&el" s)bl'nal or&n. T+e" are less co+erent t+an 8a3n& secondar"
$ersonaltes1 b)t rc+er n s)$ernor'al fac)lt". It s n connecton 8t+
ds$la"s of s)c+ fac)lt"+"$erFst+esa or telFst+esat+at t+e" +a2e been
'anl" obser2ed1 and t+at I s+all1 n a f)t)re c+a$ter1 +a2e 'ost need to deal
8t+ t+e'. B)t t+ere s also &reat nterest s'$l" n obser2n& 8+at fracton
of t+e slee$C8a3er5s $ersonalt" s able to +old nterco)rse 8t+ ot+er 'nds.
% tr2al nstance of s)c+ nterco)rse red)ced to ts lo8est $ont +as often
rec)rred to 'e. 6+en I 8as a bo" anot+er bo" slee$n& n t+e sa'e roo'
be&an to tal3 n +s slee$. To so'e sl&+t e#tent +e co)ld ans8er 'eG and
t+e na'es and ot+er 8ords )ttered'arry, the boat, &c.8ere a$$ro$rate
to t+e da"5s ncdents1 and 8o)ld +a2e been eno)&+ to $ro2e to 'e1 +ad I not
ot+er8se 3no8n1 8+o t+e bo" 8as. B)t +s fe8 co+erent re'ar3s
re$resented not facts b)t drea'n& fancesthe boat is #aiting, and so
fort+. T+s tr2al D)'ble1 I sa"1 +as snce rec)rred to 'e as $recsel"
$arallel to 'an" co'')ncatons $rofessn& to co'e fro' dse'boded
s$rts. T+ere are ot+er e#$lanatons1 no do)bt1 b)t one e#$lanaton of s)c+
nco+erent )tterances 8o)ld be t+at t+e s$rt 8as s$ea3n& )nder condtons
rese'bln& t+ose n 8+c+ t+s slee$n& bo" s$o3e.
T+ere are1 of co)rse1 'an" sta&es abo2e t+s. ($ontaneo)s
so'na'b)lstc states beco'e lon&er n d)raton1 'ore co+erent n content1
and 'a" &rad)all" 'er&e1 as n t+e 8ellC3no8n case of 4Ulda 0. (see (31)
nto a contn)o)s or d'or$+c ne8 $ersonalt".
((( . T+e transton 8+c+ +as no8 to be 'ade s a 2er" decded one.
6e +a2e been dealn& 8t+ a class of secondar" $ersonaltes consstn& of
ele'ents emotionay seected fro' t+e total or $r'ar" $ersonalt". 6e
+a2e seen so'e s$ecal &ro)$ of feeln&s &ro8 to 'orbd ntenst"1 )ntl at
last t do'nates t+e s)fferer5s 'ental ben&1 et+er ftf)ll" or contn)o)sl"1
b)t to s)c+ an e#tent t+at +e s a c+an&ed $erson19 not $recsel" nsane1 b)t
E)te ot+er t+an +e 8as 8+en n nor'al 'ental +ealt+. In s)c+ cases t+e ne8
$ersonalt" s of co)rse d"ed n t+e 'orbd e'oton. It s a 3nd of dra'atc
'$ersonaton1 sa"1 of Dealo)s" or of fear1 l3e t+e case of de'onacal
$ossesson19 E)oted fro' ,r. 7anet n t+e %$$end# . ((( A /. In ot+er
res$ects t+e se2erance bet8een t+e ne8 and t+e old self s not 2er"
$rofo)nd. ,ssocatons of 'e'or"1 for nstance1 are seldo' be"ond t+e
reac+ of +"$notc s)&&eston. T+e clea2a&e +as not &one do8n to t+e de$t+s
of t+e $s"c+cal ben&.
+i,LP-
((3 . 6e ')st no8 &o on to cases 8+ere t+e or&n of t+e clea2a&e
see's to )s E)te arbtrar"1 b)t 8+ere t+e clea2a&e tself see's e2en for t+at
2er" reason to be 'ore $rofo)nd. It s no lon&er a E)eston of so'e one
'orbdl" e#a&&erated e'oton1 b)t rat+er of a scra$ of t+e $ersonalt" ta3en
at rando' and de2elo$n& a$art fro' t+e rest. To rec)r to o)r $+"scal
s'le1 8e are dealn& no lon&er 8t+ a corn1 a bol1 a cancer1 b)t 8t+ a
t)'o)r startn& a$$arentl" fro' so'e scra$ of e'br"onc tss)e 8+c+ +as
beco'e e#cl)ded fro' t+e &eneral de2elo$'ent of t+e or&ans'.
T+e co''onest 'ode of or&n for s)c+ secondar" $ersonaltes s fro'
so'e access of slee$C8a3n&1 8+c+1 nstead of 'er&n& nto slee$ a&an1
re$eats and consoldates tself1 )ntl t acE)res a c+an of 'e'ores of ts
o8n1 alternatn& 8t+ t+e $r'ar" c+an.
%n old case of ,r. ,"ce5s for's a s'$le e#a'$le of t+s t"$e. ,r.
/esnet5s case also s+o)ld be referred to +ere (see %$$endces). In t+ese
nstances t+e secondar" state s 'anfestl" a de&eneraton of t+e $r'ar"
state1 e2en 8+en certan traces of s)$ernor'al fac)lt" are dscernble n t+e
narro8ed $s"c+cal feld.
'a" to all o)t8ard se'blance closel" rese'ble nor'alt"1dffern&
'anl" b" a lac3 of ratonal purpose, and $er+a$s b" a rec)rrence to t+e
+abts and deas of so'e earler 'o'ent n t+e $atent5s +stor". ()c+ a
condton rese'bles so'e +"$notc trances1 and so'e factto)s
$ersonaltes as de2elo$ed b" a)to'atc 8rtn&. Or1 a&an1 t+e $ostC
e$le$tc state 'a" rese'ble a s)ddenl" de2elo$ed id;e $i0e tr)'$+n& o2er
all restrant1 and 'a" $ro'$t to sero)s cr'e1 ab+orrent to t+e nor'al1 b)t
$re'edtated n t+e 'orbd state. T+ere co)ld not1 n fact1 be a better
e#a'$le of t+e )nc+ec3ed r)le of 'ddleCle2el centresGno lon&er secretl"
controlled1 as n +"$notc trance1 b" t+e +&+erCle2el centresG8+c+
centres n t+e e$le$tc are n a state not 'erel" of $s"c+olo&cal abe"ance1
b)t of $+"solo&cal e#+a)ston. I &2e n an %$$end# a re'ar3able
narrat2e fro' t+e Soist, 8+c+ s+o8s t+e ne2table acco'$ls+'ent of a
$ostCe$le$tc cr'e n s)c+ a 8a" as to brn& o)t ts analo&" 8t+ t+e
ne2table 8or3n& o)t of a PostC+"$notc s)&&eston . ((+ A /.
((, . T+e case of %nsel Bo)rne1 8+c+ I &2e ne#t n an %$$end#1 s a
2er" )n)s)al one. It s $er+a$s safest to re&ard +s c+an&e of $ersonalt" as
post,epieptic, alt+o)&+ I 3no8 of no recorded $arallel to t+e len&t+ of t'e
d)rn& 8+c+ t+e nfl)ence of t+e attac3 ')st +a2e contn)ed. T+e effect on
'nd and c+aracter 8o)ld s)t 8ell eno)&+ 8t+ t+s +"$ot+ess. T+e
Bro8n9 $ersonalt" s+o8ed t+e narro8ness of nterests and t+e )nnE)rn&
ndfference 8+c+ s co''on n s)c+ +i,LG- states. B)t on t+s t+eor" t+e
case s+o8s one str3n& no2elt"1 na'el"1 t+e recall b" t+e ad of +"$nots'
of t+e 'e'or" of t+e $ostCe$le$tc state. It s do)btf)l1 I t+n31 8+et+er an"
defnte $ostCe$le$tc 'e'or" +ad e2er $re2o)sl" been reco2ered. On t+e
ot+er +and1 t s do)btf)l 8+et+er sero)s reco)rse +ad e2er been +ad at s)c+
t'es to +"$notc 'et+ods1 8+ose ncreasn& e'$lo"'ent certanl"
dfferentates t+e later fro' t+e earler cases of s$lt $ersonalt" n a 2er"
fa2o)rable 8a". %nd t+s a$$lcaton of +"$nots' to $ostCe$le$tc states
affords )s $ossbl" o)r best c+anceI do not sa" of drectl" c+ec3n&
e$le$s"1 b)t of &ettn& do8n to t+e obsc)re condtons 8+c+ $reds$ose to
eac+ attac3.
((' . T+e t8o cases re$orted b" ,r. Pro)st and /. Boetea) E)oted n
t+e ne#t %$$endces belon& to t+e sa'e &eneral t"$e as %nsel Bo)rne5s.
T+ere does not see'1 +o8e2er1 to be an" defnte e2dence t+at t+e
secondar" state 8as connected 8t+ e$le$tc attac3s. It 8as referred rat+er
b" t+e $+"scans 8+o 8tnessed t to a f)nctonal deran&e'ent analo&o)s
to +"stera1 t+o)&+ t ')st be re'e'bered t+at t+ere are 2aro)s for's of
e$le$s"1 8+c+ are not co'$letel" )nderstood1 and so'e of 8+c+ 'a" be
o2erloo3ed b" $ersons 8+o are not fa'lar 8t+ t+e s"'$to's. In bot+
t+ese cases1 a&an1 t+e 'e'or" of t+e secondar" states 8as reco2ered
t+ro)&+ +"$nots'.
((* . %not+er re'ar3able case 8as t+at of t+e Re2. T+o'as C. -anna1
*
n 8+o' co'$lete a'nesa follo8ed an accdent. B" 'eans of a 'et+od
8+c+ ,r. (ds (8+o st)ded t+e case) calls +"$nodsaton19 +e 8as able
to $ro2e t+at t+e $atent +ad all +s lost 'e'ores stored n +s s)bl'nal
consco)sness1 and co)ld te'$orarl" recall t+e' to t+e s)$ral'nal. B"
de&rees t+e t8o $ersonaltes 8+c+ +ad de2elo$ed snce t+e accdent 8ere
t+)s f)sed nto one and t+e $atent 8as co'$letel" c)red.
(() . T+e ne#t case I &2e . (() A / s one re$orted b" ,r. ,re8r". T+s
s of t+e a'b)lator"9 t"$e1 l3e %nsel Bo)rne5s1 b)t s re'ar3able n t+at t
8as a$$arentl" assocated 8t+ a defnte $+"scal lesonan abscess n t+e
eart+e c)re of 8+c+ 8as follo8ed b" t+e ra$d ret)rn of t+e $atent to +s
nor'al condton. T+ere 8as also n t+s case an n+erted tendenc" to
eccentrct"1 f not to nsant".
((9 . I 'a" ne#t cte a case n 8+c+ t+e secondar" state see's to o8e
ts or&naton to a 3nd of tdal e#+a)ston of 2talt"1 as t+o)&+ t+e re$ose
of slee$ 8ere not eno)&+ to s)stan t+e 8ea3ened $ersonalt"1 8+c+ la$sed
on alternate da"s nto e#+a)ston and nco+erence . ((9 A /.
(30 . T+e secondar" $ersonaltes t+)s far dealt 8t+ +a2e been t+e
s$ontaneo)s res)lts of so'e for' of mis=re psychoogique , of defect2e
nte&raton of t+e $s"c+cal ben&. 6e s+all no8 see t+at 8+en co+eson s
t+)s rela#ed a sl&+t to)c+ fro' 8t+o)t can effect dssocatons 8+c+1 +i,
LH- +o8e2er s+allo8 and al'ost $la"f)l n t+er frst nce$ton1 'a" stffen
b" re$etton nto $+ases as 'ar3ed and defnte as t+ose secondar" states
8+c+ s$rn& )$ of t+e'sel2es1 t+at s to sa"1 fro' selfCs)&&estons 8+c+
8e cannot trace. I E)ote n %$$endces so'e e#a'$les of t+ese factto)s
secondar" $ersonaltes1 dra8n fro' ,r. Perre 7anet1 t+e 'ost n&eno)s
and ndefat&able of 8or3ers n t+s feld.
(31 . :$ to t+s $ont t+e secondar" states 8+c+ 8e +a2e consdered1
+o8e2er startln& to oldCfas+oned deas of $ersonalt"1 'a"1 at an" rate1 be
re&arded as for's of 'ental deran&e'ent or deca"2aretes on a t+e'e
alread" 3no8n. !o81 +o8e2er1 8e a$$roac+ a &ro)$ of cases to 8+c+ t s
dffc)lt to 'a3e an" s)c+ defnton a$$l". T+e" are cases 8+ere t+e
secondar" state s not ob2o)sl" a de&eneratonG8+ere t 'a" e2en a$$ear
to be n so'e 8a"s an improvement on t+e $r'ar"G so t+at one s left
8ondern& +o8 t ca'e abo)t t+at t+e 'an et+er or&nall" 8as 8+at +e
8as1 orben& 8+at +e 8ass)ddenl" beca'e so'et+n& so 2er"
dfferent. T+ere +as been a s+a3e &2en to t+e 3aledosco$e1 and no one can
sa" 8+" et+er arran&e'ent of t+e co'$onent $eces s+o)ld +a2e +ad t+e
$rort".
In t+e classcal case of 4Ulda 0. t+e second state s1 as re&ards +ealt+
and +a$$ness1 'ar3edl" s)$eror to t+e frst (see (31 A).
(3( . T+e old case of /ar" Re"nolds1 8+c+ I ne#t cte . (3( A /1 s
a&an re'ar3able n res$ect of t+e c+an&e of c+aracter n2ol2ed. T+e
del2erance fro' &loo'" $reocc)$atonst+e c+lds+ nso)cance of t+e
secondar" statea&an ll)strates t+e dfference bet8een t+ese aotropic
c+an&es or reconstr)ctons of $ersonalt" and t+at 'ere $redo'nance of a
'orbd factor 8+c+ 'ar3ed t+e cases of id;e $i0e and +"stera. Obser2e1
also1 n /ar" Re"nolds5s case t+e tendenc" of t+e t8o states &rad)all" to
coaesce a$$arentl" n a t+rd $+ase l3el" to be $referable to et+er of t+e
t8o alread" 3no8n.
(33 . T+e ne#t t8o cases 8+c+ I s+all cteLo)s V2U and (all"
Bea)c+a'$98+le e#tre'el" dfferent fro' eac+ ot+er1 are a'on& t+e
'ost re'ar3able of all. In Lo)s V2U 8e +a2e t+e e#tre'e e#a'$le of
dssocatons de$endent on time,reations, on t+e s$ecal e$oc+ of lfe n
8+c+ t+e s)bDect s ordered to fnd +'self. /" readers 'a" +a2e
8tnessed t+e a')sn& +"$notc e#$er'ent 8+c+ conssts n $)ttn& bac3
t+e ad)lt nto earl" c+ld+ood b" s)&&estonn 'a3n& t+e &ro8n 'an
8rte ro)nd +and and $la" 8t+ +s tn solders1 t+e &ro8n 8o'an &2e a
teaC$art" to +er dolls. B)t Lo)s V2U1 as 8ll be seen n t+e detaled acco)nt
n t+e %$$end# to t+s secton1 s $)t bac3 nto earler sta&es of lfe n a
')c+ $rofo)nder 8a". %'on& 2aro)s condtons of +s or&ans'all b)t
one of t+e' '$l"n&1 or at least s')latn&1 so'e &ra2e central lesonan"
&2en condton can be re22ed n a 'o'ent1 and t+e 8+ole &a')t of
c+an&es r)n& on +s ner2o)s s"ste' as easl" as f one 8ere settn& bac3 or
for8ard a contn)o)s cne'ato&ra$+. It s +ard to fra'e a t+eor" of 'e'or"
8+c+ s+all ad't of t+ese s)dden re2ersons1of +i,LI- $la"n& fast and
loose n t+s 'anner 8t+ t+e acc)')lated '$ressons of "ears.
(3+ . Yet f Lo)s V2U5s case t+)s stran&el" ntensfes t+e alread"
$)NNln& noton of ecmnesiaas t+o)&+ t+e 8+ole or&ans' co)ld be
trc3ed nto for&ettn& t+e e2ents 8+c+ +ad 'ost dee$l" sta'$ed t8+at
are 8e to sa" to ,r. /orton Prnce5s case of (all" Bea)c+a'$19 8t+ ts
&rotesE)e e#a&&eraton of a s)bl'nal selfa 3nd of +ostle bedfello8
8+c+ 3no8s e2er"t+n& and re'e'bers e2er"t+n&8+c+ 'oc3s t+e
e'otons and t+8arts t+e $roDects of t+e ordnar" reasonable self 8+c+ can
be seen and 3no8nW T+e case ')st be st)ded n f)ll as t stands (see (3+ A
)G ts later de2elo$'ents 'a" +el$ to )nra2el t+e '"steres 8+c+ ts earler
sta&es +a2e alread" 8o2en.
(3, . I E)ote n f)ll n t+e te#t t+e ne#t case1 re$orted b" ,r. R. Os&ood
/ason (n a $a$er enttled ,)$le# Personalt"J ts Relaton to -"$nots'
and to L)cdt"19 n t+e 1ourna o$ the American 2edica Association,
!o2e'ber ;>t+1 *A@?). ,r. /ason 8rtesJ
%l'a V. 8as an )n)s)all" +ealt+" and ntellect)al &rl1 a stron& and
attract2e c+aracter1 a leadn& s$rt n 8+ate2er s+e )ndertoo31 8+et+er n
st)d"1 s$ort1 or socet". 4ro' o2er8or3 n sc+ool1 and o2erta#ed stren&t+ n
a case of sc3ness at +o'e1 +er +ealt+ 8as co'$letel" bro3en do8n1 and
after t8o "ears of &reat s)ffern& s)ddenl" a second $ersonalt" a$$eared. In
a $ec)lar c+ldCl3e and IndanCl3e dalect s+e anno)nced +erself as
T8oe"19 and t+at s+e +ad co'e to +el$ !)'ber One9 n +er s)ffern&.
T+e condton of !)'ber One9 8as at t+s t'e 'ost de$lorableG t+ere 8as
&reat $an1 e#tre'e deblt"1 freE)ent attac3s of s"nco$e1 nso'na1 and a
'erc)ral sto'atts 8+c+ +ad been 3e$t )$ for 'ont+s b" 8a" of 'edcal
treat'ent and 8+c+ rendered t nearl" '$ossble to ta3e no)rs+'ent n
an" for'. T8oe"9 8as 22aco)s and c+eerf)l1 f)ll of E)ant and 8tt" tal31
ne2er lost consco)sness1 and co)ld ta3e ab)ndant no)rs+'ent1 8+c+ s+e
declared s+e must do for t+e sa3e of !)'ber One.9 -er tal3 8as 'ost
E)ant and fascnatn&1 b)t 8t+o)t a trace of t+e acE)red 3no8led&e of t+e
$r'ar" $ersonalt". (+e &a2e freE)ent e2dence of s)$ranor'al ntell&ence
re&ardn& e2ents trans$rn& n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood. It 8as at t+s t'e t+at
t+e case ca'e )nder '" obser2aton1 and +as re'aned so for t+e $ast ten
"ears. 4o)r "ears later1 )nder de$ressn& crc)'stances1 a t+rd $ersonalt"
'ade ts a$$earance and anno)nced tself as T+e Bo".9 T+s $ersonalt"
8as entrel" dstnct and dfferent fro' et+er of t+e ot+ers. It re'aned t+e
c+ef alternatn& $ersonalt" for fo)r "ears1 8+en T8oe"9 a&an ret)rned.
%ll t+ese $ersonaltes1 t+o)&+ absol)tel" dfferent and c+aracterstc1
8ere del&+tf)l eac+ n ts o8n 8a"1 and T8oe"9 es$ecall" 8as1 and stll
s1 t+e del&+t of t+e frends 8+o are $er'tted to 3no8 +er1 8+ene2er s+e
'a3es +er a$$earanceG and t+s s al8a"s at t'es of )n)s)al fat&)e1 'ental
e#cte'ent1 or $rostratonG t+en s+e co'es and re'ans da"s at a t'e. T+e
or&nal self retans +er s)$erort" 8+en s+e s $resent1 and t+e ot+ers are
al8a"s $erfectl" de2oted to +er nterest and co'fort. !)'ber One9 +as no
$ersonal 3no8led&e of et+er of t+e ot+er $ersonaltes1 b)t s+e 3no8s t+e'
8ell1 and es$ecall" T8oe"19 fro' t+e re$ort of ot+ers and fro'
c+aracterstc letters 8+c+ are often rece2ed fro' +erG and !)'ber One9
&reatl" enDo"s t+e s$c"1 +i,LJ- 8tt"1 and often )sef)l 'essa&es 8+c+
co'e to +er t+ro)&+ t+ese letters and t+e re$ort of frends.
,r. /ason &oes on to sa"J
-ere are t+ree cases Lt+e one D)st &2en1 t+at of anot+er $atent of +s
o8n1 and t+at of 4Ulda 0.M n 8+c+ a second $ersonalt"$erfectl" sane1
t+oro)&+l" $ractcal1 and $erfectl" n to)c+ and +ar'on" 8t+ ts
s)rro)ndn&sca'e to t+e s)rface1 so to s$ea31 and ass)'ed absol)te
control of t+e $+"scal or&ansaton for lon& $erods of t'e to&et+er.
,)rn& t+e sta" of t+e second $ersonalt" t+e $r'ar" or or&nal self 8as
entrel" blotted o)t1 and t+e t'e so occ)$ed 8as a blan3. In net+er of t+e
cases descrbed +ad t+e $r'ar" self an" 3no8led&e of t+e second
$ersonalt"1 e#ce$t fro' t+e re$ort of ot+ers or letters fro' t+e second self1
left 8+ere t+e" co)ld be fo)nd on t+e ret)rn of t+e $r'ar" self to
consco)sness. T+e second $ersonalt"1 on t+e ot+er +and1 n eac+ case1
3ne8 of t+e $r'ar" self1 b)t onl" as anot+er $ersonne2er as for'n& a
$art of1 or n an" 8a" belon&n& to t+er o8n $ersonaltes. In t+e case of
bot+ 4Ulda 0. and %l'a V.1 t+ere 8as al8a"s ''edate and 'ar3ed
'$ro2e'ent n t+e $+"scal condton 8+en t+e second $ersonalt" 'ade ts
a$$earance.
(3' . T+e case of /olle 4anc+er1 of 8+c+ I E)ote (n (3' A ) s)c+
bref and '$erfect acco)nt as s accessble1 '&+t +a2e been one of t+e
'ost nstr)ct2e of all1 +ad t been obser2ed and recorded 8t+ scentfc
acc)rac"na"1 e2en 8t+ t+e 'ost ordnar" dl&ence and care. It s tr)e
t+at at t+e re'ote date 8+en /ss 4anc+er5s $+eno'ena 8ere at t+er best
an obser2er bot+ 8lln& and ca$able 8o)ld +a2e been as +ard to fnd
a'on& $rofessed savants as a'on& $rofessed s$rt)alsts. %nd t+ere s at
least t+s &ood $ont n t+e case1 t+at t+e probity of t+e 8+ole &ro)$ +as
al8a"s been +eld abo2e s)s$con. T+e ndcatons of s)$ernor'al fac)lt"1
8+c+ occ)r t+ro)&+o)t t+e stor"1 8ere not1 at an" rate1 n2ented as a selfC
ad2ertse'ent. %nd t+e s)dden c+an&es of $ersonalt"1 8t+ a c+lds+
c+aracter ftted to eac+1 see' to stand 'd8a" bet8een t+e transfor'atons
of Lo)s V2U1eac+ of t+e' fran3l" +'self at a dfferent e$oc+ of lfe1
and t+e $se)doC$ossessons9 of 'a&nar" s$rts 8t+ 8+c+ 8e s+all n a
later c+a$ter +a2e to deal.
(3* . T+e case of %nna 6nsor1 ne#t to be cted1 &oes so far f)rt+er n ts
s)&&eston of nterference fro' 8t+o)t1 t+at t $resents to )s1 at an" rate1 a
contrast and e2en conflct bet8een $ost2e nsant" on t+e $art of t+e
or&ans' &enerall" 8t+ 8se and 8atc+f)l sant" on t+e $art of a singe
imb, 8t+ 8+c+ t+at or&ans' $rofesses to +a2e no lon&er an" concern.
Per+a$s1 ndeed1 t+e conce$ton 8+c+ t+s case s)&&ests s not so ')c+
t+at of an e#ternal s$rt nter2enn& on t+e s)fferer5s be+alf1 as of +er o8n
s$rt1 coe#stn& n &entleness and 8sdo' alon&sde of all t+at 8ld or&anc
e#cte'ent and deca". Of co)rse I do not $ress so stran&e a notonG "et to
'"self1 I ')st n farness add1 t s b" no 'eans l)dcro)s. Indeed1 I t+n3
t+at all t+ese s)dden c+an&es and rec)$eratons s+o)ld teac+ )s o)r nablt"
to sa" ho# deep e2en t+e se2erest +i,LK- $s"c+cal leson &oes8+et+er
t+ere 'a" not at t+e 8orst be that 8t+n )s 8+c+ $erssts )n')tlated and
)ntarns+ed t+ro)&+ all conf)son of t+e fles+.
(3) . T+e case 8+c+ I $lace last n t+s seres1 t+e 6atse3a 6onder19
')st $lanl" be $resented to t+e reader as a d)$lcaton of $ersonalt"a
$se)doC$ossesson1 f "o) 8lldeter'ned n a +"stercal c+ld b" t+e
s)&&eston of frends. T+)s1 I re$eat1 t+e stor" ')st for t+e $resent be
offered and rece2ed. %t a later sta&e1 and 8+en so'e ot+er 8onders +a2e
beco'e to )s 'ore fa'larnot less 8onderf)lt+an no81 8e 'a"
$er+a$s consder once 'ore 8+at f)rt+er lessons t+s sn&)lar narrat2e 'a"
+a2e to teac+ )s.
(39 . 6e +a2e no8 brefl" s)r2e"ed a seres of dsnte&ratons of
$ersonalt" ran&n& fro' t+e 'ost trfln& id;e $i0e to act)al alternatons or
$er'anent c+an&es of t+e 8+ole t"$e of c+aracter. %ll t+ese for' a 3nd of
contn)o)s seres1 and ll)strate t+e str)ct)re of t+e $ersonalt" n
concordant 8a"s. T+ere do e#st1 t ')st be added1 ot+er for's of 'odfed
$ersonalt" 8t+ 8+c+ I s+all not at $resent deal. T+ose are cases 8+ere
so'e tele$at+c nfl)ence fro' o)tsde +as been at 8or31 so t+at t+ere s not
'erel" dssocaton of e#stn& ele'ents1 b)t a$$arent ntrod)cton of a
no2el ele'ent. ()c+ cases also $ass t+ro)&+ a lon& seres1 fro' s'all
$+eno'ena of 'otor a)to'ats' )$ to trance and soCcalled $ossesson. B)t
all t+s &ro)$ I 'enton +ere 'erel" n order to defer t+er dsc)sson to later
c+a$ters.
T+e bref re2e8 alread" 'ade 8ll s)ffce to ndcate t+e co'$le# and
se$arable nat)re of t+e ele'ents of +)'an $ersonalt". Of co)rse a far f)ller
lst '&+t +a2e been &2enG 'an" $+eno'ena of act)al nsant" 8o)ld need
to be cted n an" co'$lete cons$ect)s. B)t +"stera s n so'e 8a"s a better
dssectn& a&ent t+an an" ot+er 8+ere delcate $s"c+cal dssocatons are
concerned. 7)st as t+e 'crosco$st stans a $artc)lar tss)e for obser2aton1
so does +"stera stan 8t+ defnteness1 as t 8ere1 $artc)lar s"ner&es
defnte co'$le#es of t+o)&+t and acton'ore 'anfestl" t+an an"
&rosser leson1 an" 'ore $rofo)nd or $ersstent nD)r" co)ld do. -"stercal
')ts'1 for nstance (t+e obser2aton s C+arcot5s
*
)1 s)$$les al'ost t+e
onl" cases 8+ere t+e fac)lt" of 2ocal )tterance s attac3ed n a E)te solated
8a". In a$+asa de$endent )$on or&anc nD)r" 8e &enerall" fnd ot+er
8ordC'e'ores attac3ed also1ele'ents of a&ra$+"1 of 8ordCblndness1 of
8ordCdeafness a$$ear. In t+e +"sterc t+e nca$act" to s$ea3 'a" be t+e
sn&le s"'$to'. (o 8t+ anFst+esFG 8e fnd n +"stera a se$araton of
sensblt" to +eat and to $an1 $ossbl" e2en a se$arate s)bsstence of
electrcal sensblt". It s 8ort+ re'ar3n& +ere t+at t 8as d)rn& t+e
+"$notc trance1 8+c+ n delcac" of dscr'natn& $o8er rese'bles
+"stera1 t+at (so far as I can 'a3e o)t) t+e dstnctness of t+e te'$erat)reC
sense fro' t+e $anCsense 8as frst obser2ed. Esdale1 +i,LL- 8+en
re'o2n& t)'o)rs )nder 'es'ers' n Calc)tta1 notced t+at $atents1 8+o
8ere act)all" )nder&on& ca$tal o$eratons 8t+o)t a ')r')r1 co'$laned
f a dra)&+t ble8 n )$on t+e' fro' an o$en 8ndo8.
(+0 . !or s t onl" as a dssectn& a&ent t+at +"stera can ad o)r
researc+. T+ere are n +"stera freE)ent acquisitions as 8ell as osses of
fac)lt". It s not )n)s)al to fnd &reat +"$erFst+esa n certan s$ecal
drectonsof to)c+1 +earn&1 $erce$ton of l&+t1 &c.co'bned 8t+
+"stercal loss of sensaton of ot+er 3nds. T+s s)bDect 8ll be 'ore
con2enentl" treated alon& 8t+ t+e +"$erFst+esa of t+e +"$notc trance.
B)t I 'a" note +ere t+at D)st s)c+ occasonal E)c3enn&s of fac)lt" 8ere1 n
'" 2e81 al'ost certan to acco'$an" t+at nstablt" of $s"c+cal t+res+old
8+c+ s t+e dstn&)s+n& c+aracterstc of +"stera1 snce I +old t+at
s)bl'nal fac)lt" +abt)all" o2er$asses s)$ral'nal. T+ese also are a 3nd
of ca$rco)s id;e $i0es/ onl" t+e ca$rce n s)c+ cases rases 8+at 8as
$re2o)sl" s)b'er&ed nstead of e#a&&eratn& 8+at 8as $re2o)sl"
e'er&ent.
%nd fro' t+s $ont t s t+at o)r nE)res ')st no8 ta3e t+er fres+
de$art)re. 6e n t+s 8or3 are concerned 8t+ c+an&es 8+c+ are t+e
converse of +"stercal c+an&es. 6e are loo3n& for nte&ratons n le) of
dsnte&ratonsG for ntensfcatons of control1 8denn&s of fac)lt"1 nstead
of rela#aton1 scattern&1 or deca".
(+1 . ()$$ose1 t+en1 t+at n a case of nstablt" of t+e $s"c+cal
t+res+old1read" permeabiity, f "o) 8ll1 of t+e $s"c+cal da$+ra&'
se$aratn& t+e s)$ral'nal fro' t+e s)bl'nal self1t+e ele'ents of
e'er&ence tend to ncrease and t+e ele'ents of s)b'er&ence to d'ns+.
()$$ose t+at t+e $er'eablt" de$ends )$on t+e force of t+e )$r)s+es fro'
belo8 t+e da$+ra&' rat+er t+an on t+e tendenc" to sn3 do8n8ards fro'
abo2e t. 6e s+all t+en reac+ t+e $ont 8+ere t+e 2a&)e na'e of hysteria
')st &2e $lace to t+e 2a&)e na'e of genius. T+e )$r)s+es fro' t+e
s)bl'nal self 8ll no8 be t+e '$ortant feat)reG t+e do8nCdra)&+t fro'
t+e s)$ral'nal1 f t stll e#sts1 8ll be tr2al n co'$arson. T+e content
of t+e )$r)s+ 8ll be con&r)o)s 8t+ t+e tran of 2ol)ntar" t+o)&+tG and t+e
'an of &en)s 8ll be a 'an 'ore ca$able t+an ot+ers of )tlsn& for +s
8a3n& $)r$oses t+e s)bl'nal re&on of +s ben&.
(+( . !e#t n order to t+e )$r)s+es of &en)s 8ll co'e t+e )$r)s+es of
drea'. %ll 'en $ass nor'all" and +ealt+l" nto a second $+ase of
$ersonalt"1 alternatn& 8t+ t+e frst. T+at s seep, and slee$ s
c+aractersed b" t+ose nco+erent for's of s)bl'nal )$r)s+ 8+c+ 8e
3no8 as drea's. It s +ere t+at o)r e2dence for tele$at+" and telFst+esa
8ll frst $resent tself for dsc)sson. (lee$ 8ll ndcate t+e e#stence of
s)b'er&ed fac)lt" of a rarer t"$e t+an e2en t+at to 8+c+ &en)s +as alread"
testfed.
T+ere are1 'oreo2er1 ot+er states1 bot+ s$ontaneo)s and nd)ced1
analo&o)s to slee$1 and t+ese 8ll for' t+e s)bDect of '" fft+ c+a$ter1 t+at
on -"$nots'. -"$nots'1 +o8e2er1 does not 'ean trance or +i,LM-
so'na'b)ls' onl". It s a na'e1 f not for t+e 8+ole ensembe, "et for a
lar&e &ro)$ of t+ose artfces 8+c+ 8e +a2e as "et dsco2ered for t+e
$)r$ose of elctn& and )tlsn& s)bl'nal fac)lt". T+e res)lts of +"$notc
s)&&eston 8ll be fo)nd to 'tate so'et'es t+e s)bl'nal )$r)s+es of
&en)s and so'et'es t+e 2sons of s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls'G 8+le
t+e" also o$en to )s fres+ and c+aracterstc accesses nto s)bl'nal
3no8led&e and $o8er.
(+3 . 4)rt+er t+an t+s $ont o)r ''edate forecast need not &o. B)t
8+en 8e s+all +a2e co'$leted t+e s)r2e" +ere ndcated1 8e s+all see1 I
t+n31 +o8 s&nfcant are t+e $+eno'ena of +"stera n an" $s"c+olo&cal
sc+e'e 8+c+ a's at ncl)dn& t+e +dden $o8ers of 'an. 4or ')c+ as t+e
+"sterc stands n co'$arson 8t+ )s ordnar" 'en1 so $er+a$s do 8e
ordnar" 'en stand n co'$arson 8t+ a not '$ossble deal of fac)lt" and
of selfCcontrol.
4or '&+t not all t+e +"sterc tale be told1 mutato nomine, of t+e 8+ole
race of 'ortal 'enW 6+at ass)rance +a2e 8e t+at fro' so'e $ont of +&+er
2son 8e 'en are not as t+ese s+r)n3en and s+ado8ed so)lsW ()$$ose t+at
8e +ad all been a co'')nt" of +"stercsG all of )s to&et+er s)bDect to t+ese
s+ftn& losses of sensaton1 t+ese ne#$lcable &a$s of 'e'or"1 t+ese
s)dden defects and $aral"ses of 'o2e'ent and of 8ll. %ss)redl" 8e s+o)ld
soon +a2e ar&)ed t+at o)r act)al $o8ers 8ere all 8t+ 8+c+ t+e +)'an
or&ans' 8as or co)ld be endo8ed. 6e s+o)ld +a2e t+o)&+t t nat)ral t+at
ner2o)s ener&" s+o)ld onl" D)st s)ffce to 3ee$ attenton f#ed )$on t+e
acton 8+c+ at t+e 'o'ent 8e needed to $erfor'. 6e s+o)ld +a2e $onted
o)t t+at o)r lac3 of sensaton o2er lar&e tracts of t+e bod" rarel" led to
$ost2e nD)r"G b)t b" 8+at 'eans s)c+ nD)r" 8as a2erted1 b" t+e acton of
8+at s)bDacent ntell&ence o)r s3n 8as sa2ed fro' steel or freof t+s 8e
s+o)ld +a2e been too contentedl" &norant e2en to as3 t+e E)eston. !or1
a&an1 s+o)ld 8e +a2e been astons+ed at o)r ca$rco)s lac3 of $o8er o2er
o)r or&ans's1 o)r nter'ttent defect of 8ll. 6e s+o)ld +a2e +eld1 and
8t+ so'e reason1 t+at t+e '"ster" as to +o8 o)r 8ll co)ld e2er 'o2e an"
l'b of o)r bodes 8as far &reater t+an t+e '"ster" as to 8+" certan l'bs
at certan 'o'ents faled to obe" t. %nd as for defects of recollectonGs
t+e reader nclned to t+n3 t+at t+e +"stercal memory co)ld ne2er +a2e
been acce$ted as nor'alW T+at so'e &)ess of a 'ore contn)o)s
consco)sness1 of an dentt" )n'o2ed and stable beneat+ t+e tossn& of t+e
$s"c+c stor'1 ')st needs +a2e been s)&&ested b" all t+ose stran&e
nterr)$tonsWb" t+e la$ses nto ot+er $+ases of $ersonalt"1 b" t+e
co'$etn& felds of re'nscence1 b" t+e clean s8ee$ and blan3 destr)cton
of &reat slces and cantles of t+e PastW I as3 n t)rn +o8 ')c+ of &)ess at an
)nderl"n& contn)t" +as been s)&&ested1 I do not sa" to t+e $o$)lar1 b)t
e2en to t+e scentfc 'nd1 b" lfe bro3en as 8e 3no8 t no8Wb" o)r
n&+tl" la$ses nto a $r't2e $+ase of $ersonalt"W b" t+e co'$etn& felds
of recollecton 8+c+ s+ft aro)nd t+e +"$notc tranceW b" t+e rreco2erable
+i,LN- &a$s n $ast e#stence 8+en t+e s)n5s ra" or t+e robber5s bl)d&eon +as
str)c3 too r)del" on t+e s3)llW
(++ . !a"1 f 8e +ad been a $o$)lace of +"stercs 8e s+o)ld +a2e
acE)esced n o)r +"stera. 6e s+o)ld +a2e $)s+ed asde as a fantastc
ent+)sast t+e fello8Cs)fferer 8+o stro2e to tell )s t+at t+s 8as not all t+at
8e 8ere 'eant to be. %s 8e no8 stand1eac+ one of )s totus, teres, atque
rotundus n +s o8n estee'18e see at least +o8 co8ardl" 8o)ld +a2e
been t+at content'ent1 +o8 2ast t+e &nored $ossbltes1 t+e for&otten
+o$e. Yet 8+o ass)res )s t+at e2en +ere and no8 8e +a2e de2elo$ed nto
t+e f)ll +e&+t and sco$e of o)r ben&W % 'o'ent co'es 8+en t+e 'ost
beclo)ded of t+ese +"stercs +as a &l'$se of t+e tr)t+. % 'o'ent co'es
8+en1 after a $rofo)nd sl)'ber1 s+e 8a3es nto an instant caira flas+ of
f)ll $erce$ton1 8+c+ s+o8s +er as sold 22d realtes all t+at s+e +as n
+er be8lder'ent been a$$re+endn& $+antas'all" as a drea'.
iu I i 1 . Is t+ere for )s also an" $ossblt" of a
l3e res)rrecton nto realt" and da"W Is t+ere for )s an" slee$ so dee$ t+at
8a3n& fro' t after t+e l3eness of $erfect 'an 8e s+all be satsfedG and
s+all see face to faceG and s+all 3no8 e2en as also 8e are 3no8nW
(+, . B)t a$art fro' t+ese broader s$ec)latons1 t 8ll s)rel" +a2e
beco'e e2dent1 as 8e +a2e st)ded t+e e2dence n t+s c+a$ter1 t+at +)'an
$ersonalt" s1 at an" rate1 a ')c+ 'ore modi$iabe co'$le# of forces t+an s
co''onl" ass)'ed1 and s a co'$le#1 'oreo2er1 8+c+ +as +t+erto been
dealt 8t+ onl" n cr)de1 e'$rcal fas+on. Eac+ sta&e1 eac+ 'et+od of
dsnte&raton1 s)&&ests a corres$ondn& $ossblt" of nte&raton. T8o
$onts +a2e been es$ecall" notceable t+ro)&+o)t t+e c+a$ter. In t+e frst
$lace1 8e obser2e n 'an" of t+e narrat2es so'e r)d'ent of s)$ernor'al
$erce$t2t" cro$$n& )$G $robabl" so'et+n& n tself )seless1 "et eno)&+ to
ndcate to )s +o8 &reat a reser2e of )nta$$ed fac)lt" s latent at no &reat
de$t+ beneat+ o)r consco)s le2el. In t+e second $lace1 8e obser2e t+at n
t+e 'ore recent cases1 8+ere t +as been $ossble to a$$eal1 'anl" t+ro)&+
+"$notc s)&&eston1 to t+e dee$er strata of t+e $ersonalt"1 t+at a$$eal +as
seldo' been 'ade n 2an. In al'ost e2er" case so'et+n& 'ore +as been
t+)s learnt of t+e act)al 'sc+ef 8+c+ 8as &on& on1 so'et+n& effected
to8ards t+e reCestabls+'ent of $s"c+cal stablt". T+ese dst)rbances of
$ersonalt" are no lon&er for )sas t+e" 8ere e2en for t+e last &eneraton
'ere e'$t" 'ar2els1 8+c+ t+e oldCfas+oned sce$tc 8o)ld often $l)'e
+'self on ref)sn& to bele2e. On t+e contrar"1 t+e" are be&nnn& to be
reco&nsed as $s"c+oC$at+olo&cal $roble's of t+e )t'ost nterestGno one
of t+e' e#actl" l3e anot+er1 and no one of t+e' 8t+o)t so'e $ossble
aperTu nto t+e nt'ate str)ct)re of 'an.
T+e $)r$ose of t+s boo31 of co)rse1 s not $r'arl" $ractcal. It a's
rat+er at t+e satsfacton of scentfc c)rost" as to 'an5s $s"c+cal
str)ct)reG estee'n& that as a for' of e#$er'ental researc+ 8+c+ t+e +i,
LO- 'ore )r&ent needs of t+era$e)tcs +a2e 3e$t n t+e bac3&ro)nd too lon&.
Yet t 'a" not +a2e been a'ss to realse t+)s1 on t+e t+res+old of o)r
dsc)sson1 t+at alread" e2en t+e 'ost delcate s$ec)latons n t+s lne +a2e
fo)nd t+er D)stfcaton n +el$f)l actG t+at stran&e be8lder'ents1
$aral"sn& $ert)rbatons1 8+c+ no treat'ent co)ld alle2ate1 no dr)&
control1 +a2e been soot+ed and stabls+ed nto sant" b" so'e a$$ro$rate
and sa&aco)s 'ode of a$$eal to a natura medicatri0 dee$C+dden n t+e
labo)rn& breast.
+i,MP-
CHAPTER III
GENIUS
I&ne)s est olls 2&or et cQlests or&o
(e'nb)s1 E)ant)' non no#a cor$ora tardant
TerrenE)e +ebetant art)s 'orb)ndaE)e 'e'bra.
LTransation M
VIRGIL.
300 . In '" second c+a$ter I 'ade no for'al atte'$t to defne t+at
+)'an $ersonalt" 8+c+ s to for' t+e 'an s)bDect of t+s boo3. I 8as
content to ta3e t+e conce$ton ro)&+l" for &ranted1 and to enter at once on
t+e st)d" of t+e la$ses of $ersonalt" nto abnor'al condtons1s+ort of
t+e lo8est de$t+s of doc" or 'adness. 4ro' t+at s)r2e" t a$$eared t+at
t+ese de&eneratons co)ld be traced to so'e defect n t+at central control
8+c+ o)&+t to clas$ and nte&rate nto stead" 'an+ood t+e +erarc+es of
l2n& cells 8+c+ co'$ose t+e +)'an or&ans'. T+s ns&+t nto t+e (elf5s
deca" 8as t+e needed $rereE)ste to o)r $resent tas3t+at of a$$re+endn&
ts tr)e nor'alt"1 and t+ereafter of anal"sn& certan obsc)rer fac)ltes
8+c+ ndcate t+e lne of ts e2ol)ton d)rn& and after t+e lfe of eart+.
(tren&t+ and concentraton of t+e n8ard )nf"n& controlthat ')st be
t+e tr)e nor'alt" 8+c+ 8e see3G and n see3n& t 8e ')st re'e'ber +o8
')c+ of $s"c+cal o$eraton &oes on belo8 t+e consco)s t+res+old1
'$erfectl" obedent to an" s)$ral'nal a$$eal. 6+at ad2ance can 8e
'a3e n n8ard 'aster"W +o8 far e#tend o)r &ras$ o2er t+e 8+ole ran&e of
fac)lt" 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are obsc)rel" endo8edW
301 . -)'an $erfectblt"9 +as been t+e t+e'e of 'an" ent+)sastsG
and 'an" :to$an sc+e'es of socet" +a2e been and stll are s)&&ested1
8+c+ $ost)late n t+e 'en and 8o'en of t+e f)t)re an ncrease n 'oral
and $+"scal +ealt+ and 2&o)r. %nd t s $lan t+at n a broad and &eneral
8a" nat)ral selecton1 se#)al selecton1 and t+e ad2ance of scence are
8or3n& to&et+er to8ards '$ro2e'ents of t+ese 3nds. B)t t s $lan also
t+at t+ese on8ard tendences1 at least n co'$arson 8t+ o)r desres and
deals1 are slo8 and )ncertanG and t s $ossble to ar&)e t+at t+e a$$arent
ad2ance n o)r race s d)e 'erel" to t+e '$ro2e'ent 8+c+ scence +as
effected n ts 'ateral en2ron'ent1 and not to an" real de2elo$'ent1
d)rn& t+e +storcal $erod1 n t+e c+aracter or fac)ltes of 'an +'self.
!a"1 snce 8e +a2e no 'eans +i,MG- of 3no8n& to 8+at e#tent an" &en)s
+as an n8ard $otentalt" of '$ro2e'ent1 t s $ossble for t+e $ess'st to
ar&)e t+at t+e genus homo +as reac+ed ts foreCordaned e2ol)tonar" l'tG
so t+at t cannot be $)s+ed f)rt+er n an" drecton 8t+o)t rs3 of ner2o)s
nstablt"1 sterlt"1 and )lt'ate e#tncton. (o'e8+at s'larl" (t '&+t
be )r&ed) "o) cannot do'estcate so'e 8ld trbes of an'als ($er+a$s
so'e 8ld trbes of 'en) 8t+o)t c+ec3n& t+er fertlt"G and e2en a'on&
an'als 'ost s)sce$tble to do'estcaton1 and to t+e nd)cton of 2aretes
n t+e do'estcated state1as1 for nstance1 $&eons1"o) cannot at $resent
e#a&&erate fantal or $o)ter be"ond a certan l't 8t+o)t brn&n& on a
fra&lt" of constt)ton 8+c+ 8o)ld soon e#tn&)s+ t+e o2er$ressed
2aret". (o'e d' a$$re+enson of t+s 3nd lends $la)sblt" to 'an"
$o$)lar datrbes. ,r. /a# !orda)5s 8or3s afford a 8ellC3no8n e#a'$le of
t+s lne of $rotest a&anst t+e $resent a&e as an a&e of o2er8or3 and of
ner2o)s e#+a)ston. %nd narro8n& t+e 2a&)e dsc)sson to a so'e8+at
'ore defnte test1 Professor Lo'broso and ot+er ant+ro$olo&sts +a2e
dsc)ssed t+e c+aracterstcs of t+e 'an of &en)s9G 8t+ t+e res)lt of
s+o8n& (as t+e" bele2e) t+at t+s a$$arentl" +&+est $rod)ct of t+e race s
n realt" not a c)l'nant b)t an aberrant 'anfestatonG and t+at 'en of
&en)s ')st be classed 8t+ cr'nals and l)natcs1 as $ersons n 8+o' a
8ant of balance or co'$leteness of or&ansaton +as led on to an o2erC
de2elo$'ent of one sde of t+er nat)reG+el$f)l or nD)ro)s to ot+er 'en
as accdent 'a" decde.
30( . On t+s $ont I s+all Don ss)eG and I s+all s)&&est1 on t+e ot+er
+and1 t+at Gen)sf t+at 2a&)el" )sed 8ord s to rece2e an"t+n& l3e a
$s"c+olo&cal defntons+o)ld rat+er be re&arded as a $o8er of )tlsn&
a 8der ran&e t+an ot+er 'en can )tlse of fac)ltes n so'e de&ree nnate
n allGa $o8er of a$$ro$ratn& t+e res)lts of s)bl'nal 'entaton to
s)bser2e t+e s)$ral'nal strea' of t+o)&+tGso t+at an ns$raton of
Gen)s9 8ll be n tr)t+ a subimina uprush, an e'er&ence nto t+e c)rrent
of deas 8+c+ t+e 'an s consco)sl" 'an$)latn& of ot+er deas 8+c+ +e
+as not consco)sl" or&nated1 b)t 8+c+ +a2e s+a$ed t+e'sel2es be"ond
+s 8ll1 n $rofo)nder re&ons of +s ben&. I s+all )r&e t+at t+ere s +ere no
real de$art)re fro' nor'alt"G no abnor'alt"1 at least n t+e sense of
de&eneratonG b)t rat+er a f)lfl'ent of t+e tr)e nor' of 'an1 8t+
s)&&estons1 t 'a" be1 of so'et+n& supernorma/of so'et+n& 8+c+
transcends e#stn& nor'alt" as an ad2anced sta&e of e2ol)tonar" $ro&ress
transcends an earler sta&e.
303 . B)t before $roceedn& f)rt+er I 8s+ to &)ard a&anst a $ossble
'sa$$re+enson. I s+all be obl&ed n t+s c+a$ter to d8ell on 2al)able ad
rendered b" s)bl'nal 'entatonG b)t I do not 'ean to '$l" t+at s)c+
'entaton s ipso $acto s)$eror to s)$ral'nal1 or e2en t+at t co2ers a
lar&e $ro$orton of $ractcall" )sef)l +)'an ac+e2e'ent. 6+en I sa" T+e
dfferenta of &en)s les n an ncreased control o2er s)bl'nal 'entaton19
I e#$ress1 I t+n31 a 8ellCe2denced t+ess1 and I s)&&est an +i,MH- '$ortant
nference1 na'el"1 t+at t+e 'an of &en)s s for )s t+e best t"$e of t+e
nor'al 'an1 n so far as +e effects a s)ccessf)l coo$eraton of an )n)s)all"
lar&e n)'ber of ele'ents of +s $ersonalt"reac+n& a sta&e of nte&raton
sl&+tl" n ad2ance of o)r o8n. T+)s ')c+ I 8s+ to sa"J b)t '" t+ess s
not to be $)s+ed f)rt+erJas t+o)&+ I cla'ed t+at all o)r best t+o)&+t 8as
s)bl'nal1 or t+at all t+at 8as s)bl'nal 8as $otentall" ns$raton.9
-dden n t+e dee$ of o)r ben& s a r)bbs+C+ea$ as 8ell as a treas)reC
+o)seGde&eneratons and nsantes as 8ell as be&nnn&s of +&+er
de2elo$'entG and an" $ros$ect)s 8+c+ nssts on t+e a'o)nt of &old to be
+ad for t+e 8as+n& s+o)ld descrbe also t+e 'ass of detrt)s n 8+c+ t+e
br&+t &rans le concealed. T+e ran&e of t+e s)bl'nal s 8deJ nor 8ll t
be 8aste of t'e f I $a)se +ere to e#$o)nd t.
T+e dstncton1 t+en1 bet8een s)$ral'nal and s)bl'nal1bet8een
ntraC'ar&nal and e#traC'ar&nalGn s+ort1 bet8een t+e t+o)&+ts and
sensatons 8+c+ fall 8t+n o)r ordnar" 8a3n& consco)sness and t+ose
8+c+ fnd $lace beneat+ or o)tsde t1cannot $ossbl" be a dstncton at
once a$$lcable to $ractcal endsGas t+o)&+ (for nstance) one 8ere able to
sa" at once t+at t+e s)bl'nal dea or '$)lse 8as al8a"s 8ser t+an t+e
s)$ral'nal. On t+e contrar"1 t+e bass of t+e dstncton s1 as I +a2e D)st
sad1 a $)rel" $s"c+olo&cal oneJ t s fo)nded on t+e atte'$t to anal"se t+e
relaton of one c+an of 'e'or" to anot+er c+an of 'e'or"1 of one t"$e to
anot+er t"$e of +)'an $erce$ton and fac)lt". O)r s'$lest obser2aton
ndeed ')st be t+at that 8+c+ e#tends beneath t+e t+res+old1 beyond t+e
'ar&n of a feld of consco)sness s$ecalsed for o)r ordnar" needs1 8ll
$robabl" be bot+ 'ore e#tens2e and 'ore 'scellaneo)s t+an that 8+c+ s
contaned 8t+n t+ose l'ts. T+e ran&e of o)r s)bl'nal 'entaton s
'ore e#tended t+an t+e ran&e of o)r s)$ral'nal. %t one end of t+e scale
8e fnd dreams,a nor'al s)bl'nal $rod)ct1 b)t of less $ractcal 2al)e
t+an an" for' of sane s)$ral'nal t+o)&+t. %t t+e ot+er end of t+e scale 8e
fnd t+at t+e rarest1 'ost $reco)s 3no8led&e co'es to )s fro' o)tsde t+e
ordnar" feld1t+ro)&+ t+e e'nentl" s)bl'nal $rocesses of tele$at+"1
telFst+esa1 ecstas". %nd bet8een t+ese t8o e#tre'es le 'an" s)bl'nal
$rod)cts1 2ar"n& n 2al)e accordn& to t+e d&nt" and tr)st8ort+ness of
t+e s)bl'nal 'entaton concerned.
30+ . T+s last $+rase1ne2tabl" obsc)re1'a" be ll)strated b"
reference to t+at +erarc+cal arran&e'ent of supraimina acton and
$erce$ton 8+c+ ,r. -)&+ln&s 7ac3son +as so )sed as to clear )$ ')c+
$re2o)s conf)son of t+o)&+t. 4ollo8n& +'1 8e no8 s$ea3 of +&+estC
le2el ner2eCcentres1 &o2ernn& o)r +&+est1 'ost co'$le# t+o)&+t and 8llG
of 'ddleCle2el centres1 &o2ernn& 'o2e'ents of 2ol)ntar" ')scles1 and
t+e l3eG and of lo8estCle2el centres (8+c+ fro' '" $ont of 2e8 are
$)rel" s)bl'nal)1 &o2ernn& t+ose a)to'atc $rocesses1 as res$raton and
crc)laton1 8+c+ are nde$endent of consco)s r)le1 b)t necessar" to t+e
'antenance of lfe. 6e can ro)&+l" D)d&e fro' t+e nat)re of an" obser2ed
acton +i,MI- 8+et+er t+e +&+estCle2el centres are drectn& t1 or 8+et+er
t+e" are for t+e t'e n+abted1 so t+at 'ddleCle2el centres o$erate
)ncontrolled.
T+)s ordnar" s$eec+ and 8rtn& are r)led b" +&+estCle2el centres. B)t
8+en an e$le$tc dsc+ar&e of ner2o)s ener&" +as e#+a)sted t+e +&+estC
le2el centres1 8e see t+e 'ddleCle2el centres o$eratn& )nc+ec3ed1 and
$rod)cn& t+e con2)ls2e 'o2e'ents of ar's and le&s n t+e ft.9 %s t+ese
centres n t+er t)rn beco'e e#+a)sted1 t+e $atent s left to t+e &)dance of
lo8estCle2el centres aloneGt+at s to sa"1 +e beco'es co'atose1 t+o)&+ +e
contn)es to breat+e as re&)larl" as )s)al.
!o8 t+s seres of $+eno'ena1descending n co+erence and. coC
ordnaton fro' an act2e consens)s of t+e 8+ole or&ans' to a 'ere
a)to'atc 'antenance of ts 'ost stabl" or&ansed $rocesses1'a" be
$rett" closel" $aralleled b" t+e seres of s)bl'nal $+eno'ena also.
(o'et'es 8e see' to see o)r s)bl'nal $erce$tons and fac)ltes
actn& tr)l" n )nt"1 tr)l" as a (elfGcoCordnated nto so'e +ar'ono)s
ns$raton of &en)s19 or so'e $rofo)nd and reasonable +"$notc selfC
refor'aton1 or so'e farCreac+n& s)$ernor'al ac+e2e'ent of clar2o"ant
2son or of selfC$roDecton nto a s$rt)al 8orld. 6+ate2er of s)bl'nal
$ersonalt" s t+)s actn& corres$onds 8t+ t+e +&+estCle2el centres of
s)$ral'nal lfe. %t s)c+ 'o'ents t+e subimina re$resents (as I bele2e)
'ost nearl" 8+at 8ll beco'e t+e surviving (elf.
B)t t see's t+at t+s de&ree of clart"1 of nte&raton1 cannot be lon&
$reser2ed. /)c+ oftener 8e fnd t+e s)bl'nal $erce$tons and fac)ltes
actn& n less coCordnated1 less co+erent 8a"s. 6e +a2e $rod)cts 8+c+1
8+le contann& traces of so'e fac)lt" be"ond o)r co''on sco$e1 n2ol2e1
ne2ert+eless1 so'et+n& as rando' and 'eann&less as t+e dsc+ar&e of t+e
)ncontrolled 'ddleCle2el centres of ar's and le&s n t+e e$le$tc ft. 6e
&et1 n s+ort1 a seres of $+eno'ena 8+c+ t+e ter' dream,iBe see's best to
descrbe.
In t+e real' of &en)s1of )$r)s+es of t+o)&+t and feeln& f)sed
beneat+ t+e consco)s t+res+old nto artstc s+a$e18e &et no lon&er
'aster$eces b)t +alfCnsantes1not t+e (stne /adonna1 b)t 6ertN5s
Vson of t+e G)llotned -eadG not Uuba Uhan, b)t t+e dsordered o$)'
drea'. T+ro)&+o)t all t+e 8or3 of 6lla' Bla3e (I s+o)ld sa") 8e see t+e
s)bl'nal self flas+n& for 'o'ents nto )nt"1 t+en s'o)ldern& a&an n a
l)rd and scattered &lo8.
In t+e real' of +"$nots'1 a&an1 8e sn3 fro' t+e reasonable selfC
s)&&eston to t+e $latfor' e#$er'ents19 t+e s'elln& of a''ona1 t+e
eatn& of tallo8 candlesGall t+e trc3s 8+c+ s+o8 a pro$ound control1 b)t
not a #ise control1 o2er t+e arcana of or&anc lfe. I s$ea31 of co)rse1 of t+e
s)bDect5s o#n control o2er +s or&ans'G for n t+e last resort t s he and not
+s +"$notser 8+o reall" e#ercses t+at drect2e $o8er. %nd I co'$are
t+ese trc3s of 'ddleCle2el s)bl'nal centres to t+e $o8erf)l "et rratonal
control 8+c+ t+e 'ddleCle2el centres r)ln& t+e e$le$tc5s +i,MJ- ar's and
le&s e#ercse o2er +s ')scles n t+e 2olence of t+e e$le$tc attac3.
%nd so a&an 8t+ t+e automatisms 8+c+ are1 one 'a" sa"1 t+e
s)bl'nal self5s $ec)lar $ro2nce. %)to'atc scr$t1 for nstance1 'a"
re$resent +&+estCle2el s)bl'nal centres1 e2en 8+en no e#traneo)s s$rt1
b)t t+e a)to'atst5s o8n 'nd alone1 s concerned. It 8ll t+en &2e )s tr)e
tele$at+c 'essa&es1 or $er+a$s 'essa&es of +&+ 'oral '$ort1 s)r$assn&
t+e a)to'atst5s consco)s $o8ers. B)t ')c+ oftener t+e a)to'atc scr$t s
re&)lated b" 8+at I +a2e called 'ddleCle2el s)bl'nal centres onl"Gand
t+en1 t+o)&+ 8e 'a" +a2e scra$s of s)$ernor'al ntell&ence1 8e +a2e
conf)son and nco+erence as 8ell. 6e +a2e t+e falst" 8+c+ t+e ds&)sted
a)to'atst s so'et'es fan to ascrbe to a de2lG t+o)&+ t s n realt" not a
de2l1 b)t a drea'.
%nd +ence a&an1 D)st as t+e e$le$tc sn3s lo8er and lo8er n t+e ft1
fro' t+e ncoordnated 'o2e'ents of t+e l'bs do8n to t+e 'ere stertoro)s
breat+n& of co'a1so do t+ese nco+erent a)to'ats's sn3 do8n at last1
t+ro)&+ t+e )tterances and dra8n&s of t+e de&enerate and t+e $aranoac1
t+ro)&+ 'ere fra&'entar" drea's1 or 2a&)e '$ersonal be8lder'ent1
nto t+e 'n')' $s"c+cal conco'tant1 8+ate2er t+at be1 8+c+ ')st
coe#st 8t+ branCcrc)laton.
30, . ()c+ s t+e a$$arent $arallels'G b)t of co)rse no 3no8led&e of a
+erarc+" of t+e fa'lar for's of ner2o)s acton can reall" e#$lan to )s t+e
'"stero)s fl)ct)atons of s)bl'nal $o8er. 6+en 8e s$ea3 of t+e +&+estC
le2el and ot+er centres 8+c+ &o2ern o)r s)$ral'nal ben&1 and 8+c+ are
ftted to drect t+s $lanetar" lfe n a 'ateral 8orld1 8e can to so'e e#tent
$ont o)t act)al branCcentres 8+ose acton enables )s to 'eet t+ose needs.
6+at are t+e needs of o)r cos'c lfe 8e do not 3no8G nor can 8e ndcate
an" $ont n o)r or&ans' (as n t+e solar $le#)s19 or t+e l3e)1 8+c+ s
ada$ted to 'eet t+e'. 6e cannot e2en et+er affr' or den" t+at s)c+
s$rt)al lfe as 8e 'antan 8+le ncarnated n t+s 'ateral en2elo$e
n2ol2es an" $+"scal conco'tants at all.
4or '" $art1 I feel forced to fall bac3 )$on t+e oldC8orld conce$ton of
a sou 8+c+ e#ercses an '$erfect and fl)ct)atn& control o2er t+e
or&ans'G and e#ercses t+at control1 I 8o)ld add1 alon& t8o 'an c+annels1
onl" $artl" concdentt+at of ordnar" consco)sness1 ada$ted to t+e
'antenance and &)dance of eart+ClfeG and t+at of s)bl'nal
consco)sness1 ada$ted to t+e 'antenance of o)r lar&er s$rt)al lfe d)rn&
o)r confne'ent n t+e fles+.
6e 'en1 t+erefore1 causi tenebris et carcere cco, can so'et'es
8den1 as 8e ')st so'et'es narro81 o)r o)tloo3 on t+e realt" of t+n&s.
In 'ana or e$le$s" 8e lose control e2en of t+ose +&+estCle2el
s)$ral'nal centres on 8+c+ o)r ratonal eart+Clfe de$ends. B)t t+ro)&+
a)to'ats' and n trance and alled states 8e dra8 nto s)$ral'nal lfe
so'e r2)let fro' t+e )nderc)rrent strea'. If t+e s)bl'nal centres 8+c+
8e t+)s '$ress nto o)r 8a3n& ser2ce corres$ond to t+e midde,eve
onl"1 t+e" +i,MK- 'a" brn& to )s 'erel" error and conf)sonG f t+e"
corres$ond to t+e +&+estCle2el1 t+e" 'a" ntrod)ce )s to $re2o)sl"
)n'a&ned tr)t+.
It s to 8or3 done b" t+e ad of so'e s)c+ s)bl'nal )$r)s+1 I sa" once
'ore1 t+at t+e 8ord &en)s9 'a" be 'ost ftl" a$$led. % 8or3 of &en)s19
ndeed1 n co''on $arlance1 'eans a 8or3 8+c+ satsfes t8o E)te
dstnct reE)re'ents. It ')st n2ol2e so'et+n& or&nal1 s$ontaneo)s1
)nteac+able1 )ne#$ectedG and t ')st also n so'e 8a" 8n for tself t+e
ad'raton of 'an3nd. !o81 $s"c+olo&call" s$ea3n&1 t+e frst of t+ese
reE)re'ents corres$onds to a real class1 t+e second to a $)rel" accdental
one. 6+at t+e $oet feels 8+le +e 8rtes +s $oe' s t+e $s"c+olo&cal fact
n his +stor"G 8+at +s frends feel 8+le t+e" read t 'a" be a
$s"c+olo&cal fact n their +stor"1 b)t does not alter t+e $oet5s creat2e
effort1 8+c+ 8as 8+at t 8as1 8+et+er an" one b)t +'self e2er reads +s
$oe' or no.
%nd $o$)lar $+raseolo&" D)stfes o)r nsstence )$on t+s s)bDect2e
sde of &en)s. T+)s t s co''on to sa" t+at -artle" Colerd&e9 (for
e#a'$le) 8as a &en)s1 alt+o)&+ +e ne2er $rod)ced an"t+n& 8ort+
s$ea3n& of.9 /en reco&nse1 t+at s to sa"1 fro' descr$tons of -artle"
Colerd&e1 and fro' t+e fra&'ents 8+c+ +e +as left1 t+at deas ca'e to +'
8t+ 8+at I +a2e ter'ed a sense of s)bl'nal )$r)s+18t+ an a)t+entc1
alt+o)&+ not to )s an nstr)ct2e1 ns$raton.
%s $s"c+olo&sts1 I 'antan1 8e are bo)nd to base o)r defnton of
&en)s )$on so'e crteron of t+s strctl" $s"c+olo&cal 3nd1 rat+er t+an on
t+e e#ternal tests 8+c+ as artsts or 'en of letters 8e s+o)ld e'$lo"Jand
8+c+ consder 'anl" t+e de&ree of del&+t 8+c+ an" &2en ac+e2e'ent
can besto8 )$on ot+er 'en. T+e artst 8ll s$ea3 of t+e $ctoral &en)s of
Ra$+ael1 b)t not of -a"donG of t+e dra'atc &en)s of Cornelle1 b)t not of
Voltare. Yet -a"don5s %)tobo&ra$+"a record of tra&c ntenst"1 and
closn& n s)cdes+o8s t+at t+e ta'e "et contorted f&)res of +s
Rasn& of LaNar)s9 flas+ed )$on +' 8t+ an o2erC'astern& sense of
drect ns$raton. Voltare1 a&an1 8rtes to t+e $resdent -Una)lt of +s
)nreadable tra&ed" CatiinaV 42e acts n a 8ee3Z I 3no8 t+at t+s so)nds
rdc)lo)sG b)t f 'en co)ld &)ess 8+at ent+)sas' can do1+o8 a $oet n
s$te of +'self1 dolsn& +s s)bDect1 de2o)red b" +s &en)s1 can
acco'$ls+ n a fe8 da"s a tas3 for 8+c+ 8t+o)t t+at &en)s a "ear 8o)ld
not s)ffceGn a 8ord1 si scirent donum *ei,%i$ they Bne# the gi$t o$ :od,
t+er astons+'ent '&+t be less t+an t ')st be no8.9 I do not s+rn3
fro' t+ese e#tre'e nstances. It 8o)ld be abs)rd1 of co)rse1 to $lace
-a"don5s Rasn& of LaNar)s9 n t+e sa'e artistic class as Ra$+ael5s
/adonna d (an (sto.9 B)t n t+e sa'e psychoogica class I 'antan t+at
bot+ 8or3s ')st be $laced. 4or eac+ $anter1 after +s se2eral 3nd1 t+ere
8as t+e sa'e n8ard $rocess1t+e sa'e sense of s)bl'nal )$r)s+Gt+at
e#tenson1 n ot+er 8ords1 of 'ental concentraton 8+c+ dra8s nto
''edate co&nsance so'e 8or3n&s or ele'ents of t+e +dden self.
+i,ML-
Let 'e ll)strate t+s conce$ton b" a ret)rn to t+e 'eta$+or of t+e
consco)s s$ectr)'9 to 8+c+ I ntrod)ced '" reader n t+e frst c+a$ter. I
t+ere descrbed o)r consco)s s$ectr)' as re$resentn& b)t a s'all fracton
of t+e aurai simpicis ignis, or nd2d)al $s"c+cal ra"GD)st as o)r 2sble
solar s$ectr)' re$resents b)t a s'all fracton of t+e solar ra". %nd e2en as
'an" 8a2es of et+er le be"ond t+e red end1 and 'an" be"ond t+e 2olet
end1 of t+at 2sble s$ectr)'1 so +a2e I )r&ed t+at ')c+ of )nreco&nsed or
s)bl'nal fac)lt" les be"ond t+e red (or or&anc) end1 and ')c+ be"ond
t+e 2olet (or ntellect)al) end of '" 'a&nar" s$ectr)'. /" 'an tas3 n
t+s boo3 8ll be to $rolon& t+e $s"c+cal s$ectr)' be"ond et+er l't1 b"
collectn& traces of latent fac)ltes1 or&anc or transcendentalJD)st as b"
t+e bolo'eter1 b" fl)orescence1 b" ot+er artfces1 $+"scsts +a2e $rolon&ed
t+e solar s$ectr)' far be"ond et+er l't of ordnar" 2sblt".
30' . B)t at $resent1 and before entern& on t+at tas3 of rendern&
'anfest s)$ernor'al fac)lt"1 I a' consdern& 8+at 8e o)&+t to re&ard as
t+e nor'al ran&e of fac)lt" fro' 8+c+ 8e startG8+at1 n relaton to 'an1
t+e 8ords norm and norma s+o)ld 'ost reasonabl" 'ean.
T+e 8ord norma n co''on s$eec+ s )sed al'ost ndfferentl" to
'$l" et+er of t8o t+n&s1 8+c+ 'a" be 2er" dfferent fro' eac+ ot+er
confor't" to a standard and $oston as an a2era&e bet8een e#tre'es.
Often ndeed t+e a2era&e constt)tes t+e standardas 8+en a &as s of
nor'al denst"G or s $ractcall" eE)2alent to t+e standardas 8+en a
so2ere&n s of nor'al 8e&+t. B)t 8+en 8e co'e to l2n& or&ans's a
ne8 factor s ntrod)ced. Lfe s c+an&eG eac+ l2n& or&ans' c+an&esG eac+
&eneraton dffers fro' ts $redecessor. To ass&n a f#ed nor' to a
c+an&n& s$eces s to s+oot $ontCblan3 at a fl"n& brd. T+e act)al a2era&e
at an" &2en 'o'ent s no deal standardG rat+er1 t+e f)rt+est e2ol)tonar"
sta&e no8 reac+ed s tendn&1 &2en stablt" n t+e en2ron'ent1 to beco'e
t+e a2era&e of t+e f)t)re. -)'an e2ol)ton s not so s'$le or so
cons$c)o)s a t+n& as t+e e2ol)ton of t+e $o)ter $&eon. B)t t 8o)ld be
ras+ to affr' t+at t s not e2en s8fter t+an an" 2araton a'on&
do'estcated an'als. !ot a +)ndred &eneratons se$arate )s fro' t+e da8n
of +stor"Gabo)t as 'an" &eneratons as so'e 'crobes can tra2erse n a
'ont+Gabo)t as 'an" as se$arate t+e 'odern ,erb"C8nner fro' t+e 8arC
+orse of G)sta2)s %dol$+)s. /an5s c+an&e +as been less t+an t+e +orse5s
c+an&e n $+"scal conto)r1$robabl" onl" beca)se 'an +as not been
s$ecall" bred 8t+ t+at 2e8Gb)t ta3n& as a test t+e $o8er of selfC
ada$taton to en2ron'ent1 'an +as tra2ersed n t+ese t+rt" cent)res a
8der arc of e2ol)ton t+an se$arates t+e raceC+orse fro' t+e eo+$$)s. Or f
8e &o bac3 f)rt+er1 and to t+e $r'al &er'1 8e see t+at 'an5s ancestors
')st +a2e 2ared faster t+an an" an'al5s1 snce t+e" +a2e tra2elled fart+est
n t+e sa'e t'e. T+e" +a2e 2ared also n t+e &reatest n)'ber of drectonsG
t+e" +a2e e2o3ed n &reatest ')lt$lct" t+e )nn)'bered fac)ltes latent n
t+e rrtablt" of a s$ec3 of sl'e. Of +i,MM- all creat)res 'an +as &one
f)rt+est bot+ n dfferentaton and n nte&ratonG +e +as called nto act2t"
t+e &reatest n)'ber of t+ose fac)ltes 8+c+ la" $otental n t+e $r'al
&er'1and +e +as establs+ed o2er t+ose fac)ltes t+e stron&est central
control. T+e $rocess stll contn)es. C2lsaton adds to t+e co'$le#t" of
+s fac)ltesG ed)caton +el$s +' to t+er concentraton. It s n t+e drecton
of a stll 8der ran&e1 a stll fr'er +old1 t+at +s e2ol)ton no8 ')st le. I
s+all 'antan t+at t+s deal s best attaned b" t+e 'an of &en)s.
Let )s consder t+e 8a" n 8+c+ t+e 'a#')' of fac)lt" s +abt)all"
'anfestedG t+e crc)'stances )nder 8+c+ a 'an does 8+at +e +as ne2er
s)$$osed +'self able to do before. 6e 'a" ta3e an nstance 8+ere t+e
fac)lt" dra8n )$on les onl" a lttle 8a" beneat+ t+e s)rface. % 'an1 8e
sa"1 o)tdoes +'self n a &reat e'er&enc". If +s +o)se s on fre1 let )s
s)$$ose1 +e carres +s c+ldren o)t o2er t+e roof 8t+ a stren&t+ and a&lt"
8+c+ see' be"ond +s o8n. T+at effect2e '$)lse see's 'ore a3n to
nstnct t+an to calc)laton. 6e +ardl" 3no8 8+et+er to call t+e act refle# or
2ol)ntar". It s $erfor'ed 8t+ al'ost no consco)s nter2enton of t+o)&+t
or D)d&'ent1 b)t t n2ol2es a ne8 and co'$le# ada$taton of 2ol)ntar"
')scles s)c+ as 8o)ld need +abt)all" t+e 'an5s 'ost caref)l t+o)&+t to
$lan and e#ec)te. 4ro' t+e $ont of 2e8 +ere ta3en t+e acton 8ll a$$ear
to +a2e been net+er refle# nor 2ol)ntar" n t+e ordnar" sense1 b)t
subimina/a s)bl'nal )$r)s+1 an e'er&ence of +dden fac)lt"1of
ner2e coCordnatons $otental n +s or&ans'1 b)t tll no8 )n)sed18+c+
ta3es co''and of t+e 'an and &)des +s acton at t+e 'o'ent 8+en +s
ben& s dee$l" strred.
T+s stoc3 nstance of a 'an5s $ossble be+a2o)r n 'o'ents of &reat
$+"scal rs3 does b)t ll)strate n a &ross and ob2o)s 'anner1 and n t+e
'otor re&on1 a $+eno'enon 8+c+1 as I +old1 s constantl" occ)rrn& on a
s'aller scale n t+e nner lfe of 'ost of )s. 6e dentf" o)rsel2es for t+e
'ost $art 8t+ a strea' of 2ol)ntar"1 f)ll" consco)s deas1cerebral
'o2e'ents connected and $)r$os2e as t+e 'o2e'ent of t+e +and 8+c+
records t+e'. /eant'e 8e are a8are also of a s)bstrat)' of fra&'entar"1
a)to'atc1 imina deas1 of 8+c+ 8e ta3e s'all acco)nt. T+ese are b)bbles
t+at brea3 on t+e s)rfaceG b)t e2er" no8 and t+en t+ere s a str a'on& t+e'.
T+ere s a r)s+ )$8ards as of a s)baE)eo)s s$rn&G an ns$raton flas+es
nto t+e 'nd for 8+c+ o)r consco)s effort +as not $re$ared )s. T+s soC
called ns$raton 'a" n tself be tr2al or 8ort+lessG b)t t s t+e ntal
sta&e of a $+eno'enon to 8+c+1 8+en certan rare attrb)tes are also
$resent1 t+e na'e of &en)s 8ll be nat)rall" &2en.
I a' )r&n&1 t+en1 t+at 8+ere lfe s concerned1 and 8+ere1 t+erefore1
c+an&e s nor'alt"1 8e o)&+t to $lace o)r nor' so'e8+at a+ead of t+e
a2era&e 'an1 t+o)&+ on t+e e2ol)tonar" trac3 8+c+ o)r race s $)rs)n&. I
+a2e s)&&ested t+at t+at e2ol)tonar" trac3 s at $resent leadn& +' n t+e
drecton of &reater co'$le#t" n t+e $erce$tons 8+c+ +e for's of t+n&s
8t+o)t1 and of &reater concentraton n +s o8n 8ll and t+o)&+t1 +i,MN-
n t+at res$onse to $erce$tons 8+c+ +e 'a3es fro' 8t+n. Lastl"1 I +a2e
ar&)ed t+at 'en of &en)s1 8+ose $erce$tons are $res)'abl" 'ore 22d
and co'$le# t+an t+ose of a2era&e 'en1 are also t+e 'en 8+o carr" t+e
$o8er of concentraton f)rt+estGreac+n& do8n8ards1 b" so'e selfC
s)&&eston 8+c+ t+e" no 'ore t+an 8e can e#$lan1 to treas)res of latent
fac)lt" n t+e +dden (elf.
30* . I a' not ndeed +ere ass)'n& t+at t+e fac)lt" 8+c+ s at t+e
ser2ce of t+e 'an of &en)s s of a 3nd dfferent fro' t+at of co''on
'en1 n s)c+ a sense t+at t 8o)ld need to be re$resented b" a $rolon&aton
of et+er end of t+e consco)s s$ectr)'. Rat+er t 8ll be re$resented b"
s)c+ a br&+tenn& of t+e fa'lar s$ectr)' as 'a" follo8 )$on an
ntensfcaton of t+e central &lo8.
T+e solar s$ectr)' tself1 as all 3no81 s b" no 'eans a )nfor' or
contn)o)s band of colo)red l&+t. It contans 'an" dar3 lnes1 8+ere so'e
ele'ent +eld n 2a$oro)s s)s$enson absorbs t+e s$ecal lne of l&+t 8+c+
t+e stll +otter 2a$o)r of t+at sa'e ele'ent c+aracterstcall" e'ts. (tll
'ore d''ed and nterr)$ted are t+e s$ectra of so'e ot+er stars. Bands and
bars of co'$arat2e dar3ness st)d t+er ds$ersed l&+t. E2en t+)s t+e
s$ectr)' of 'an5s consco)s fac)lt" s not a contn)o)s b)t a banded
s$ectr)'. T+ere are &ro)$s of t+e dar3 lnes of obstr)cton and nca$act"1
and e2en n t+e best of )s a d' )neE)al &lo8.
It 8ll1 t+en1 be t+e s$ecal c+aracterstc of &en)s t+at ts )$r)s+es of
s)bl'nal fac)lt" 8ll 'a3e t+e br&+t $arts of t+e +abt)al s$ectr)' 'ore
brllant1 8ll 3ndle t+e d' absor$tonCbands to f)ller br&+tness1 and 8ll
e2en rase E)te dar3 lnes nto an occasonal &l''er. B)t f1 as I bele2e1
8e can best &2e to t+e dea of &en)s so'e )sef)l dstnctness b" re&ardn&
t n so'e s)c+ 8a" as t+s1 8e s+all fnd also t+at &en)s 8ll fall nto lne
8t+ 'an" ot+er sensor" and 'otor a)to'ats's to 8+c+ t+e 8ord co)ld
not nat)rall" be a$$led. Gen)s re$resents a narro8 selecton a'on& a &reat
'an" co&nate $+eno'enaGa'on& a &reat 'an" )$r)s+es or e'er&ences
of s)bl'nal fac)lt" bot+ 8t+n and be"ond t+e l'ts of t+e ordnar"
consco)s s$ectr)'.
It 8ll be 'ore con2enent to st)d" all t+ese to&et+er1 )nder t+e +eadn&
of sensor" or of 'otor a)to'ats'. It 8ll t+en be seen t+at t+ere s no 3nd
of $erce$ton 8+c+ 'a" not e'er&e fro' beneat+ t+e t+res+old n an
ndefntel" +e&+tened for'1 8t+ D)st t+at con2ncn& s)ddenness of
'$resson 8+c+ s descrbed b" 'en of &en)s as c+aracterstc of t+er
+&+est fl&+ts. E2en 8t+ so s'$le a ran&e of sensaton as t+at 8+c+
records t+e la$se of t'e t+ere are s)bl'nal )$r)s+es of t+s t"$e1 and 8e
s+all see t+at a 'an 'a" +a2e a s)dden and acc)rate ns$raton of 8+at
o5cloc3 t s1 n D)st t+e sa'e 8a" as Vr&l '&+t +a2e an ns$raton of t+e
second +alf of a dffc)lt +e#a'eter.
30) . 4or t+e $)r$ose of $resent ll)straton of t+e 8or3n&s of &en)s t
see's 8ell to c+oose a 3nd of ablt" 8+c+ s E)te nds$)table1 and
8+c+ also ad'ts of so'e de&ree of E)anttat2e 'eas)re'ent. I 8o)ld +i,
MO- c+oose t+e +&+er 'at+e'atcal $rocesses1 8ere data a2alableG and I
'a". sa" n $assn& +o8 &ratef)l I s+o)ld be to rece2e fro'
'at+e'atcans an" acco)nt of t+e 'ental $rocesses of 8+c+ t+e" are
consco)s d)rn& t+e attan'ent of t+er +&+est res)lts. /eant'e t+ere s a
lo8er class of 'at+e'atcal &ft 8+c+ b" ts 2er" s$ecalsaton and
solaton see's l3el" to t+ro8 l&+t on o)r $resent nE)r".
,)rn& t+e co)rse of t+e $resent cent)r"1and alasZ t+e scentfc
obser2aton of )n)s)al s$ec'ens of +)'ant" +ardl" r)ns bac3 f)rt+er1 or
so far1t+e $)blc of &reat ctes +as been fro' t'e to t'e s)r$rsed and
d2erted b" so'e soCcalled calc)latn& bo"19 or art+'etcal $rod&"19
&enerall" of tender "ears1 and ca$able of $erfor'n& n +s +ead19 and
al'ost nstantaneo)sl"1 $roble's for 8+c+ ordnar" 8or3ers 8o)ld reE)re
$encl and $a$er and a ')c+ lon&er t'e. In so'e fe8 cases1 ndeed1 t+e
ordnar" st)dent 8o)ld +a2e no 'eans 8+ate2er of sol2n& t+e $roble'
8+c+ t+e calc)latn& bo" )nrddled 8t+ ease and e#actness.
T+e es$ecal ad2anta&e of t+e st)d" of art+'etcal $rod&es s t+at n
t+er case t+e s)bDect2e '$resson concdes closel" 8t+ t+e obDect2e
res)lt. +e s)bl'nal co'$)tator feels t+at t+e s)' s r&+t1 and t is r&+t.
4or's of real or s)$$osed &en)s 8+c+ are 'ore nterestn& are a$t to be
less )ndenable.
%n %'ercan and a 4renc+ $s"c+olo&st
*
+a2e collected s)c+ +nts and
e#$lanatons as t+ese $rod&es +a2e &2en of t+er 'et+ods of 8or3n&G
'et+ods 8+c+ one '&+t nat)rall" +o$e to fnd )sef)l n ordnar"
ed)caton. T+e res)lt1 +o8e2er1 +as been 2er" 'ea&re1 and t+e records left
to )s1 '$erfect as t+e" are1 are eno)&+ to s+o8 t+at t+e 'an and $r'ar"
ac+e2e'ent +as n fact been s)bl'nal1 8+le consco)s or s)$ral'nal
effort +as so'et'es been 8+oll" absent1 so'et'es +as s)$er2ened onl"
after t+e &ft +as been so lon& e#ercsed t+at t+e accesses bet8een dfferent
strata +a2e beco'e eas" b" freE)ent tra2ersn&. T+e $rod&" &ro8n to
'an+ood1 8+o no8 reco&nses t+e art+'etcal artfces 8+c+ +e )sed
)nconsco)sl" as a bo"1 rese'bles t+e +"$notc s)bDect traned b"
s)&&eston to re'e'ber n 8a3n& +o)rs t+e e2ents of t+e trance.
In al'ost e2er" $ont1 ndeed1 8+ere co'$arson s $ossble1 8e s+all
fnd t+s co'$)tat2e &ft rese'bln& ot+er 'anfestatons of s)bl'nal
fac)lt"1s)c+ as t+e $o8er of seen& +all)cnator" f&)res1rat+er t+an t+e
res)lts of stead" s)$ral'nal effort1 s)c+ as t+e $o8er of lo&cal anal"ss.
In t+e frst $lace1 t+s fac)lt"1 n s$te of ts ob2o)s connecton 8t+ &eneral
'at+e'atcal &ras$ and ns&+t1 s fo)nd al'ost at rando'1a'on& nonC
'at+e'atcal and e2en E)te st)$d $ersons1 as 8ell as a'on& +i,NP-
'at+e'atcans of 'ar3. In t+e second $lace1 t s+o8s tself 'ostl" n earl"
c+ld+ood1 and tends to dsa$$ear n later lfeGn t+s rese'bln&
2s)alsn& $o8er n &eneral1 and t+e $o8er of seen& +all)cnator" f&)res
n $artc)larG 8+c+ $o8ers1 as bot+ /r. Galton5s nE)res and o)r o8n tend
to s+o81 are +abt)all" stron&er n c+ld+ood and "o)t+ t+an n later "ears.
%&an1 t s notceable t+at 8+en t+e $o8er dsa$$ears earl" n lfe t s a$t
to lea2e be+nd t no 'e'or" 8+ate2er of t+e $rocesses n2ol2ed. %nd e2en
8+en1 b" lon& $ersstence n a reflect2e 'nd1 t+e $o8er +as beco'e1 so to
sa"1 ado$ted nto t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness1 t+ere ne2ert+eless 'a"
stll be flas+es of $)re ns$raton19 8+en t+e ans8er co'es nto t+e
'nd9 8t+ absol)tel" no $erce$ton of nter'edate ste$s.
309 . I s)bDon a table1 co'$led b" t+e +el$ of ,r. (cr$t)re5s collecton1
8+c+ 8ll broadl" ll)strate t+e 'an $onts abo2e 'entoned. (o'e 'ore
detaled re'ar3s 'a" t+en follo8.
T%BLE O4 PRI!CIP%L %RIT-/ETIC%L PRO,IGIE(
!a'e (al$+abetcall").
%&e 8+en &ft
8as obser2ed.
,)raton of &ft. Intell&ence.
%'$Pre < W e'nent
Bdder *> t+ro)&+ lfe &ood
B)#ton W W lo8
Colb)rn B fe8 "ears a2era&e
,ase Lor ,a+seM bo"+ood t+ro)&+ lfe 2er" lo8
4)ller bo"+ood W lo8
Ga)ss ; W e'nent
/an&a'ele *> fe8 "ears a2era&eW
/onde)# *> fe8 "ears lo8
Prolon&ea) B fe8 "ears lo8
(afford B fe8 "ears &ood
[/r. Van R.1 of :tca[ B fe8 "ears a2era&eW
6+atel" ; fe8 "ears &ood
!o8 a'on& t+ese t+rteen na'es 8e +a2e t8o 'en of transcendent1 and
t+ree of +&+ ablt". 6+at acco)nts +a2e t+e" &2en )s of t+er 'et+odsW
310 . Of t+e &ft of Ga)ss and %'$Pre 8e 3no8 not+n& e#ce$t a fe8
str3n& anecdotes. %fter 'anfestn& tself at an a&e 8+en t+ere s )s)all"
no contn)o)s s)$ral'nal 'ental effort 8ort+ s$ea3n& of1 t a$$ears to
+a2e been soon 'er&ed n t+e &eneral blaNe of t+er &en)s. 6t+ Bdder t+e
&ft $erssted t+ro)&+ lfe1 b)t &re8 8ea3er as +e &re8 older. -s $a$er n
Vol. 0V. of t+e &roceedings o$ the (nstitute o$ Civi 8ngineers, 8+le
f)rns+n& a n)'ber of $ractcal +nts to t+e calc)lator1 ndcates also a
sn&)lar readness of co'')ncaton bet8een dfferent 'ental strata.
6+ene2er19 +e sa"s ($. .??)1 I feel called )$on to 'a3e )se of t+e stores
of '" 'nd1 t+e" see' to rse 8t+ t+e ra$dt" of l&+tnn&.9 +i,NG- %nd n
Vol. CIII. of t+e sa'e &roceedings, /r. 6. Pole1 4. R. (.1 n descrbn& +o8
/r. Bdder co)ld deter'ne 'entall" t+e lo&art+' of an" n)'ber to = or A
$laces1 sa"s ($. .?.)J -e +ad an al'ost 'rac)lo)s $o8er of seen&1 as t
8ere1 nt)t2el" 8+at factors 8o)ld d2de an" lar&e n)'ber1 not a $r'e.
T+)s1 f +e 8ere &2en t+e n)'ber *=1AB*1 +e 8o)ld nstantl" re'ar3 t 8as
;;=\?;.Y -e co)ld not1 +e sad1 e#$lan +o8 +e dd t+sG t see'ed a
nat)ral nstnct to +'.9
/r. Bdder5s case s 8ell 3no8nG b)t t 'a" be of nterest to E)ote +ere
so'e $assa&es fro' an a)tobo&ra$+cal state'ent 3ndl" f)rns+ed to 'e
b" /r. Bl"t+1 of Ednb)r&+1 t+e 8ellC3no8n c2l en&neer1 8+ose o8n &ft1
l3e t+at of t+e "o)n&er /r. Bdder1 t+o)&+ not s)c+ as to enttle +' to ran3
as a $rod&"19 "et 'ar3s +' o)t dstnctl" fro' ordnar" 'an3nd.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;?..)
*. BELGR%VE CRE(CE!T1 E,I!B:RG-1
9ebruary .Ath, *A@..
I s+all no8 endea2o)r1 n res$onse to "o)r reE)est1 to &2e so'e acco)nt
of '" late brot+er5s and '" o8n fac)lt" of art+'etcal calc)laton
'entall"1 and t 'a" be nterestn& f I all)de to nfl)ences e2en before brt+
8+c+ I +a2e al8a"s felt 'a" +a2e +ad so'et+n& to do 8t+ '" brot+er5s
&reat $o8er.
BenDa'n -all Bl"t+ 8as born on 7)l" Bt+1 *A*@. O)r 'ot+er +ad a
nat)ral art+'etcal &ftnot to an" 2er" 'ar3ed de&ree1 b)t decdedl"
abo2e t+e a2era&e1 and es$ecall" so a'on& fe'ales. (o'e 'ont+s before
BenDa'n5s brt+ t+e 8onderf)l calc)latn& bo"1 Bdder (t+en1 I t+n31 abo)t
*. or *< "ears of a&e)1 8as e#+btn& n Ednb)r&+1 and 'ade a $r2ate
e#+bton n '" fat+er5s +o)se. /" 'ot+er 8as &reatl" astons+ed and
nterested1 $)t 2aro)s E)estons to Bdder1 and so'e 8ee3s later reE)ested
'" fat+er to n2te +' to anot+er sUance1 8+c+ 8as done. -er nterest
ncreased on t+s second occason1 and t+e 8onderf)l bo" contn)ed to
occ)$" +er 'nd freE)entl".
It s1 I bele2e1 ad'tted b" $+"solo&sts1 t+at an"t+n& &reatl"
occ)$"n& a 'ot+er5s 'nd certanl" 'a"1 and freE)entl" does1 nfl)ence t+e
c+aracter of +er )nborn c+ld. %t all e2ents1 '" brot+er1 8+et+er fro' t+s
or +eredt"1 or bot+1 2er" earl" 'anfested a 'ar2ello)s $o8er of 'ental
calc)laton. 6+en al'ost e#actl" s# "ears of a&e BenDa'n 8as 8al3n&
8t+ +s fat+er before brea3fast1 8+en +e sad1 Pa$a1 at 8+at +o)r 8as I
bornW9 -e 8as told fo)r %./.
)en.6+at o5cloc3 s t at $resentW9
Ans.(e2en fft" %./.9 L/" fat+er al8a"s too3 e#ercse before
brea3fast n s)''er.M
T+e c+ld 8al3ed on a fe8 +)ndred "ards1 t+en t)rned to +s fat+er and
stated t+e n)'ber of seconds +e +ad l2ed. /" fat+er noted do8n t+e
f&)res1 'ade t+e calc)laton 8+en +e &ot +o'e1 and told Ben +e 8as
*=.1A>> seconds 8ron&1 to 8+c+ +e &ot a read" re$l"J O+1 $a$a1 "o) +a2e
left o)t t8o da"s for t+e lea$C"ears*A.> and *A.<19 8+c+ 8as t+e case.
T+s latter fact of t+e e#tra da" n lea$C"ear s not 3no8n to 'an"
c+ldren of s#1 and f an" one 8ll tr" to teac+ an ordnar" c+ld of t+ese
"ears t+e ')lt$lcaton table )$ to *.\*. +e 8ll be better able to realse
+o8 e#traordnar" 8as t+s calc)laton for s)c+ an nfant.
I a' consco)s of an nt)t2e reco&nton of t+e relaton of f&)res. 4or
+i,NH- nstance1 n readn& state'ents of f&)res n ne8s$a$ers1 8+c+ are
2er" often e&re&o)sl" 8ron&1 t see's to co'e to 'e nt)t2el" t+at
so'et+n& s 8ron&1 and 8+en t+at occ)rs I a' )s)all" r&+t.
I +a2e al8a"s felt t+at t+ere 8ere t'es 8+en '" $o8er 8as ')c+
8ea3er t+an ot+ers1 not onl" 8+en tred1 b)t1 l3e a ')scan1 8+en not n
t+e 'ood. I +a2e not t+e sa'e confdence no8 at BB "ears of a&e as 8+en
"o)n&er. T+at s to sa"1 I l3e to c+ec3 a calc)laton before statn& t1 t+o)&+
I can do nearl" as dffc)lt ones as at an" t'e of '" lfe1 t+o)&+ not so
ra$dl".
%s to t+ere ben& an" de&ree of connecton bet8een t+s art+'etcal
$o8er and a'bde#tert"1 t+ere s none1 I t+n31 n '" case. I do not $ossess
t+e latter &ft consco)sl"1 t+o)&+ I 'a" $er+a$s be able to )se t+e left +and
better t+an t+e a2era&e of $eo$le1 b)t I s+o)ld not for a 'o'ent cla' to be
a'bde#tro)s.Y LeftC+andedness r)ns n o)r fa'l" on bot+ sdes1 and so I
sa" I 'a" +a2e so'e lttle a'bde#tert" 8t+o)t 3no8n& t.
E,6%R, L. I. BLYT-.
/r. Bl"t+5s nterestn& record contans ot+er ll)stratons of se2eral
$onts abo2e 'entonedGt+e earl" and nstnct2e a$$earance of t+e
fac)lt"G ts &rad)al s)bDecton to s)$ral'nal &)danceG "et t+e $ersstence
of occasonal s)bl'nal )$r)s+es19 8+c+ &2e t+e $roble'5s ans8er
8t+o)t ts nter'edate ste$s.
Passn& on to t+e t8o ot+er 'en of +&+ ablt" 3no8n to +a2e $ossessed
t+s &ft1 Professor (afford and %rc+bs+o$ 6+atel"1 8e are str)c3 8t+ t+e
e2anescence of t+e $o8er after earl" "o)t+1or e2en before t+e end of
c+ld+ood. I E)ote fro' ,r. (cr$t)re %rc+bs+o$ 6+atel"5s acco)nt of +s
$o8ersJ
T+ere 8as certanl" so'et+n& $ec)lar n '" calc)latn& fac)lt". It
be&an to s+o8 tself at bet8een f2e and s#1 and lasted abo)t t+ree "ears.Y
I soon &ot to do t+e 'ost dffc)lt s)'s1 al8a"s n '" +ead1 for I 3ne8
not+n& of f&)res be"ond n)'eraton. I dd t+ese s)'s ')c+ E)c3er t+an
an" one co)ld )$on $a$er1 and I ne2er re'e'ber co''ttn& t+e s'allest
error. Dhen ( #ent to schoo, at #hich time the passion #ore o$$, ( #as a
per$ect dunce at ciphering, and have continued so ever since.
(tll 'ore re'ar3able1 $er+a$s1 8as Professor (afford5s loss of $o8er.
Professor (afford5s 8+ole bent 8as 'at+e'atcalG +s bo"s+ &ft of
calc)laton rased +' nto notceG and +e s no8 a Professor of %strono'".
-e +ad t+erefore e2er" 'ot2e and e2er" o$$ort)nt" to retan t+e &ft1 f
t+o)&+t and $ractce co)ld +a2e retaned t. B)t 8+ereas at ten "ears old +e
8or3ed correctl" n +s +ead1 n one 'n)te1 a ')lt$lcaton s)' 8+ose
ans8er conssted of ;B f&)res1 +e s no81 I bele2e1 net+er 'ore nor less
ca$able of s)c+ calc)laton t+an +s ne&+bo)rs.
('lar 8as t+e fate of a $ersona&e 8+o ne2er rses abo2e ntals1 and
of 8+ose &eneral ca$act" 8e 3no8 not+n&.
/r. Van R.1 of :tca19 sa"s ,r. (cr$t)re on t+e a)t+ort" of Gall1 at
t+e a&e of s# "ears dstn&)s+ed +'self b" a sn&)lar fac)lt" for
calc)latn& n +s +ead. %t e&+t +e entrel" lost t+s fac)lt"1 and after t+at
t'e +e co)ld calc)late net+er better nor faster t+an an" ot+er $erson. +i,
NI- 'e did not retain the sightest idea o$ the manner in #hich he
per$ormed his cacuations in chidhood.
T)rnn& no8 to t+e st)$d or )ned)cated $rod&es1 ,ase alone see's to
+a2e retaned +s $o8er t+ro)&+ lfe. Colb)rn and /onde)#1 and a$$arentl"
Prolon&ea) and /an&a'ele1 lost t+er &ft after c+ld+ood.
% fe8 +nts as to $rocesses +a2e been &leaned fro' t+s &ro)$Gt+e
'ost nterestn& $ont ben& t+at Colb)rn 8as for so'e "ears )nable1 b)t
after8ards to so'e e#tent able1 to e#$lan +s o8n $rocesses. -s frends
tred to elct a dsclos)re of t+e 'et+ods b" 8+c+ +e $erfor'ed +s
calc)latons1 b)t for nearl" t+ree "ears +e 8as )nable to satsf" t+er
nE)res. -e $ost2el" declared t+at +e dd not 3no8 +o8 t+e ans8ers
ca'e nto +s 'nd.9
*
Later on +e dd &2e an acco)nt of +s artfces1
8+c+1 +o8e2er1 s+o8ed no &reat n&en)t".
B)t on t+e 8+ole t+e &norant $rod&es seldo' a$$ear to +a2e been
consco)s of an" contn)o)s lo&cal $rocess1 8+le n so'e cases t+e
se$araton of t+e s)$ral'nal and s)bl'nal trans of t+o)&+t ')st +a2e
been 2er" co'$lete. B)#ton 8o)ld tal3 freel" 8+lst don& +s E)estons1
t+at ben& no 'olestaton or +ndrance to +'.9
.
4#t" and clearness of
n8ard 2s)alsaton see's to +a2e been t+e leadn& necesst" n all t+ese
ac+e2e'entsG and t a$$arentl" 'attered lttle 8+et+er t+e 'ental
blac3board (so to sa") on 8+c+ t+e ste$s of t+e calc)laton 8ere recorded
8ere or 8ere not 2sble to t+e 'nd5s e"e of t+e s)$ral'nal self.
I +a2e been s$ea3n& onl" of 2s)alsatonG b)t t 8o)ld be nterestn& f
8e co)ld dsco2er +o8 ')c+ act)al 'at+e'atcal ns&+t or n2ent2eness
can be s)bl'nall" e#ercsed. -ere1 +o8e2er1 o)r 'aterals are 2er"
'$erfect. 4ro' Ga)ss and %'$Pre 8e +a2e1 so far as I 3no81 no record. %t
t+e ot+er end of t+e scale1 8e 3no8 t+at ,ase ($er+a$s t+e 'ost s)ccessf)l
of all t+ese $rod&es) 8as sn&)larl" de2od of 'at+e'atcal &ras$. On
one occason Petersen tred n 2an for s# 8ee3s to &et t+e frst ele'ents of
'at+e'atcs nto +s +ead.9 -e co)ld not be 'ade to +a2e t+e least dea of
a $ro$oston n E)cld. Of an" lan&)a&e b)t +s o8n +e co)ld ne2er 'aster
a 8ord.9 Yet ,ase rece2ed a &rant fro' t+e %cade'" of (cences at
-a'b)r&1 on t+e reco''endaton of Ga)ss1 for 'at+e'atcal 8or3G and
act)all" n t8el2e "ears 'ade tables of factors and $r'e n)'bers for t+e
se2ent+ and nearl" t+e 8+ole of t+e e&+t+ 'llon1a tas3 8+c+ $robabl"
fe8 'en co)ld +a2e acco'$ls+ed1 8t+o)t 'ec+ancal ad1 n an ordnar"
lfet'e. -e 'a" t+)s be ran3ed as t+e onl" 'an 8+o +as e2er done
2al)able ser2ce to /at+e'atcs 8t+o)t ben& able to cross t+e %ss5s
Brd&e.
On t+e ot+er +and1 n t+e case of /an&a'ele1 t+ere 'a" +a2e been real
n&en)t" s)bl'nall" at 8or3. O)r acco)nt of t+s $rod&" s a)t+entc1 b)t
tantalsn& fro' ts bre2t".
+i,NJ-
In t+e "ear *A;= Vto /an&a'ele1 8+o &a2e +s a&e as *> "ears and <
'ont+s1 $resented +'self before %ra&o n Pars. -e 8as t+e son of a
s+e$+erd of (cl"1 8+o 8as not able to &2e +s son an" nstr)cton. B"
c+ance t 8as dsco2ered t+at b" 'et+ods $ec)lar to +'self +e resol2ed
$roble's t+at see'ed at t+e frst 2e8 to reE)re e#tended 'at+e'atcal
3no8led&e. In t+e $resence of t+e %cade'" %ra&o $ro$osed t+e follo8n&
E)estonsJ 6+at s t+e c)bc root of ;1=@B1<*BW9 In t+e s$ace of abo)t +alf a
'n)te t+e c+ld res$onded *?B1 8+c+ s correct. 6+at satsfes t+e
condton t+at ts c)be $l)s f2e t'es ts sE)are s eE)al to <. t'es tself
ncreased b" <>W9 E2er"bod" )nderstands t+at t+s s a de'and for t+e root
of t+e eE)aton 0
;
] ? 0
.
^ <. 0 ^ <> _ >. In less t+an a 'n)te Vto
res$onded t+at ? satsfed t+e condtonG 8+c+ s correct. T+e t+rd E)eston
related to t+e sol)ton of t+e eE)aton 0
?
^ < 0 ^ *B==@ _ >. T+s t'e t+e
c+ld re'aned fo)r to f2e 'n)tes 8t+o)t ans8ern&J fnall" +e de'anded
8t+ so'e +estaton f ; 8o)ld not be t+e sol)ton desred. T+e secretar"
+a2n& nfor'ed +' t+at +e 8as 8ron&1 Vto1 a fe8 'o'ents after8ards1
&a2e t+e n)'ber = as t+e tr)e sol)ton. -a2n& fnall" been reE)ested to
e#tract t+e *>t+ root of .A.1<=?1.<@ Vto fo)nd n a s+ort t'e t+at t+e root
s =.
%t a later date a co''ttee1 co'$osed of %ra&o1 Ca)c+"1 and ot+ers1
co'$lans t+at t+e 'asters of /an&a'ele +a2e al8a"s 3e$t secret t+e
'et+ods of calc)laton 8+c+ +e 'ade )se of.9
*
T+ere s anot+er $ont on 8+c+ so'et+n& '&+t +a2e been learnt fro'
t+e st)d" of so 'ar3ed a &ro)$ of a)to'atsts)tlsers of s)bl'nal
ca$act"as t+ese $rod&es9 for'. T+er bodl" c+aracterstcs '&+t
+a2e been e#a'ned 8t+ a 2e8 to tracn& s)c+ $+"scal conco'tants as
'a" &o 8t+ t+s faclt" of co'')ncaton bet8een $s"c+cal strata. 6e
+a2e1 +o8e2er1 fe8 data a2alable for t+s $)r$ose. Colb)rn n+erted
s)$ern)'erar" d&ts1 and /onde)# s re$orted to +a2e been +"stercal. On
t+e ot+er +and t+e $rod&es9 of 8+ose l2es after c+ld+ood an"t+n& s
3no8n see' to +a2e been free fro' ner2o)s tant. !o one1 for nstance1
co)ld 8ell be 'ore re'ote fro' +"stera t+an t+e elder BdderGor t+an +s
son1 t+e late /r. Bdder1 X. C.1 or t+an /r. Bl"t+ of Ednb)r&+1 $er+a$s t+e
best l2n& En&ls+ re$resentat2e of 8+at 8e 'a" call t+e calc)latn&
dat+ess.
It s $lan1 t+en1 t+at no s)$$ort s &2en b" 8+at 8e 3no8 of t+s &ro)$
to t+e t+eor" 8+c+ re&ards s)bl'nal 'entaton as necessarl" a s&n of
so'e 'orbd dssocaton of $s"c+cal ele'ents. Is t+ere1 on t+e ot+er +and1
an"t+n& to confr' a s)&&eston 8+c+ 8ll occ)r n so'e s'lar cases1
na'el"1 t+at1nas')c+ as t+e addton of s)bl'nal to s)$ral''al
'entaton 'a" often be a co'$leton and nte&raton rat+er t+an a
fractonaton or dsnte&raton of t+e total nd2d)alt"18e are l3el"
so'et'es to fnd traces of a 'ore t+an co''on act2t" of t+e right or less
)sed cerebral +e's$+ereW 4ndn& no 'enton of a'bde#tert" n t+e
'ea&re notces 8+c+ +a2e co'e do8n to )s of t+e &reater $rod&es19 I
be&&ed /r. Bl"t+ and t+e late +i,NK- /r. Bdder1 X. C1 to tell 'e 8+et+er
t+er left +ands $ossessed 'ore t+an )s)al $o8er. /r. Bl"t+5s re$l" +as been
alread" &2en abo2eG I no8 E)ote /r. Bdder5s.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;?B.)
R%VE!(B:RY P%RR1
September **th1 *A@*.
%s to a'bde#tert". Of co)rse I a' &norant of t+e tran of t+o)&+t t+at
led "o) to as3 t+e E)estonG b)t oddl" eno)&+ I a' a 2er" &ood e#a'$le of
t. I a' not a8are t+at '" fat+er 8as a'bde#tro)sG nor are an" of '"
c+ldren1 so far as I 3no8. 4or '"self1 n all s$orts1bo8ln&1 t+ro8n&1
fs+n&1 tenns1 racE)ets1 &c.1I al'ost n2arabl" )se t+e left +and. I
cannot t+ro8 to an" $)r$ose 8t+ t+e r&+t. In crc3et1 +o8e2er1 I bat 8t+
t+e r&+t +and. In s+a2n&1 I s+a2e one +alf of t+e face 8t+ t+e left +and and
t+e ot+er 8t+ t+e r&+t1 n eac+ case ta3n& t+e $art 8+c+ s+a2es $or#ards,
so as to +a2e no bacB#ard s+a2n&. In 8rtn& I 8rte 8t+ t+e r&+t +and1
ben& so ta)&+tG b)t so'e "ears a&o I dsco2ered t+at f I let '" left +and
'o2e )nconstranedl" and 8t+o)t consco)s t+o)&+t as to +o8 t s+o)ld
for' t+e letters1 I co)ld 8rte 8t+ eE)al fl)enc"1 t+o)&+ not so 8ellCfor'ed
letters. B)t t+e drecton of t+e 8rtn& s re2ersedG so t+at t s reE)ste
et+er to loo3 t+ro)&+ t+e $a$er or 2e8 t n a loo3n&C&lass to read t+e
8rtn&. /" left +and and ner2e s"ste' see's to +a2e learnt b" s"'$at+"
8+at t+e r&+t +ad acE)red b" ed)caton and $ractce.
4)rt+er1 I fo)nd t+at ta3n& t8o $encls one n eac+ +and I co)ld 8rte
s')ltaneo)sl" 8t+ bot+ +ands1t+e t8o 8rtn&s $roceedn& n o$$oste
drectons. I +a2e occasonall" fo)nd snce t+at ot+er $eo$le co)ld to so'e
e#tent do t+e sa'e. I re$eatedl" tred 2er" +ard to 8rte one 8ord 8t+ one
+and and anot+er 8t+ t+e ot+erGb)t t 8on5t doG t+e res)lt s al8a"s a
nondescr$t $rod)cton of $arts of bot+ 8ords1so'et+n& l3e t+e
nonsense 8ords n Aice in Donderand. I enclose a s$ec'en 8+c+ 8ll
s+o8 t+e s')ltaneo)s 8rtn&.
It t+)s a$$ears t+at n t+e onl" t8o cases n 8+c+ I +a2e been able to
'a3e nE)r" t+ere s so'e8+at 'ore of de#troCcerebral ca$act" t+an n t+e
'ass of 'an3nd.
311 . 6e 'a" no8 $ass on to re2e8 so'e f)rt+er nstances of
s)bl'nal coo$eraton 8t+ consco)s t+o)&+tGfrst loo3n& abo)t )s for
an" cases co'$arable n de$initeness 8t+ t+e $recedn&G and t+en e#tendn&
o)r 2e8 o2er t+e 8der and 2a&)er real' of creat2e and artstc 8or3.
Before 8e $roceed to t+e +&+l"Cs$ecalsed senses of +earn& and s&+t1
let )s see 8+et+er 8e can fnd traces of s)bl'nal ntensfcaton of t+ose
$erce$tons of a less s$ecalsed 3nd 8+c+ )nderle o)r 'ore elaborate
'odes of co&nsn& t+e 8orld aro)nd )s. T+e sense of t+e e$$u0 o$ time, and
t+e sense of #eight, or of ')sc)lar resstance1 are a'on&st t+e $rofo)ndest
ele'ents n o)r or&anc ben&. %nd t+e sense of t'e s ndcated n se2eral
8a"s as a lar&el" s)bl'nal fac)lt". +i,NL- T+ere s ')c+ e2dence to s+o8
t+at t s often 'ore e#act n 'en slee$n& t+an n 'en a8a3e1 and n 'en
+"$notsed t+an n 'en slee$n&. T+e records of s$ontaneo)s
so'na'b)ls' are f)ll of $redctons 'ade b" t+e s)bDect as to +s o8n
case1 and acco'$ls+ed1 $res)'abl" b" selfCs)&&eston1 b)t 8t+o)t +el$
fro' cloc3s1 at t+e $recse 'n)te foretold. Or t+s +dden 3no8led&e 'a"
ta3e s+a$e n t+e 'a&er" of drea'1 as n a case $)bls+ed b" Professor
Ro"ce1 of -ar2ard1
*
8+ere +s corres$ondent descrbes a drea' n 8+c+ I
sa8 an enor'o)s fla'n& cloc3Cdal 8t+ t+e +ands standn& at ...>.
%8a3n& ''edatel"1 I str)c3 a 'atc+1 and )$on loo3n& at '" 8atc+
fo)nd t 8as a fe8 seconds $ast ...>.
I s+o)ld1 +o8e2er1 +a2e been $)NNled to $rod)ce an" clear e#a'$le of
t+e s)bl'nal t'eCsense as 'anfestn& tself n a sane and 8a3n& $erson1
+ad not a /r. -&ton sent to 'e so'e "ears a&o t+e follo8n& record of
$ersonal e#$erences on 8+c+ +e desred '" o$non. I 'ade +s
acE)antance1 and fo)nd +' a sensble1 sero)s 8tnessG b)t I dd not t+en
$erce2e t+e f)ll s&nfcance of +s co'')ncaton1 and I +a2e1
)nfort)natel"1 lost s&+t of +'.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;;=.)
/r. 6. -&ton1 .= (t. Leonard (treet1 P'lco1 (.6.1 sends 'e1
(e$te'ber *AA@1 t+e follo8n& e#$erencesabbre2ated fro' a lon& $a$er
8+c+ I +a2e ret)rned to +'.
*. It s no8 so'e t+ree "ears snce t+e e#act t'e of da" $resented
tself to '" 'nd nde$endentl" of an" nternal 3no8led&e or of an"
e#ternal $+"scal a$$earances9 (as of cloc31 &c.).
/r. -&ton +ad no dea of t+e e#act t'e1 8+en 8t+n a fe8 "ards of
Tattersall5s t+ere nstantaneo)sl" a$$eared before 'e t+e face of a cloc3 of
an ''ense sNe. E2er" f&)re 8as $erfectl" 2sbleG and t+e +)&e blac3
+ands dstnctl" ndcated **..?G 8+le at t+e sa'e 'o'ent or1 correctl"
s$ea3n&1 a fracton of a second later1 I felt con2nced and absol)tel" certan
t+at t+e t'e ndcated on t+e dal 8as t+e r&+t t'e9 (as n fact t 8as b"
+s 8atc+). T+e $+eno'enon +as rec)rred d)rn& t+e $ast t+ree "ears at
least f2e and1 I t+n31 s# t'esG t+e frst t+ree occ)rrn& at nter2als of
abo)t t+ree 'ont+s1 and t+e last t8o or t+ree ben& d2ded b" a
consderabl" lon&er nter2al.9
.. On anot+er occason /r. -&ton 8as 8al3n& t+ro)&+ a feld as to
8+c+ a le&end ran t+at a "o)n& lad" 8as ')rdered t+ere1 8+le s+e +eld a
s$r& of t+"'e1 and t+at an" one $assn& t+ro)&+ t+e feld and not t+n3n&
of t+e ')rder 8o)ld s'ell t+"'e. /r. -&ton $ad no credt to t+s le&endG
often 8al3ed t+ro)&+ t+e feld1 b)t t+o)&+t abo)t t+e ')rder. -o8e2er1
I dd 8al3 t+ro)&+ t+e feld one &loo'" !o2e'ber afternoon1 absorbed so
dee$l" n so'e ne8 $ractcal sc+e'e t+at I dd not t+n3 abo)t t+e ')rder1
and 'ost certanl" s+o)ld not +a2e t+o)&+t abo)t t f t+e stron&est
conce2able s'ell of t+"'e t+at e2er rose to +)'an nostrls +ad not rsen to
'ne. T+e odo)r of t lasted at least a E)arter +i,NM- of a 'n)te1 )ntl '"
concentrated t+o)&+ts 8ere dsor&ansed1 and 'ade to d8ell on t+e 'a&cal
s)bDect.9
;. 6+en I 8as at +o'e assstn& '" fat+er n +s b)sness t )sed to be
'" 8or3 to 8e&+ t+e +des 8+c+ 8ere ta3en fro' t+e beasts 8e 3lled1
$re$arator" to sendn& t+e' to t+e dealerG and t 8as '" c)sto' before
$lacn& t+e' n t+e scale to see +o8 near t+e 8e&+t I 8o)ld &)ess t+e' to
be. B" t+s 'eans I beca'e tolerabl" e#$ert n est'atn& t+er 8e&+t1
n2arabl" ben& not 'ore t+an t+ree or fo)r $o)nds o)t. !o8 on se2eral
occasons before I &)essed1 or e2en t+o)&+t of &)essn&1 a certan 8e&+t
ca'e nto '" 'nd 8+c+ (as n t+e case of t+e t'e ndcated on t+e dal) I
8as n8ardl" ass)red 8as correct. I re'e'ber one case dstnctl"1 n 8+c+
t+e +de 8e&+ed A=` lb.1 8+c+ 8ere t+e e#act f&)res 8+c+ occ)rred to
'e $ror to 8e&+n&1 and nde$endentl" of an" co'$)taton 8+ate2er.
Indeed1 on one occason1 t+e fo)rt+1 I t+n31 I 2ent)red to tc3et t+e +de1
8t+o)t 8e&+n& t1 n accordance 8t+ t+e f&)res 8+c+ ca'e nto '"
'ndG and on t+e follo8n& T)esda" e#actl" t+e n)'ber of $o)nds na'ed
on t+e tc3et 8ere $ad for at t+e 'ar3et to 8+c+ t+e +des 8ere del2ered.
%s "o) 8ll easl" bele2e1 I dd not tell '" fat+er I +ad not 8e&+ed t+e
+de on t+e &ro)nd t+at I 3ne8 t+e 8e&+t 8t+o)t don& soZ9
(ettn& asde for t+e 'o'ent t+e +all)cnaton of t+e sense of s'ell1 I
8o)ld $ont o)t t+at 8e +a2e +ere $recsel" s)c+ )$r)s+es of s)bl'nal
fac)lt"1 concerned 8t+ t+e dee$ or&anc sensatons of t+e effl)# of t'e and
of ')sc)lar resstance1 as t+eor" +ad led )s to e#$ect. 6e need not
$ost)late an" drect or s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e1b)t 'erel" a s)bl'nal
calc)laton1 s)c+ as 8e s+all see n t+e case of art+'etcal $rod&es19
e#$ressn& tself s)$ral'nall"1 so'et'es n a $+antas'al $ct)re1
so'et'es as a 'ere con2cton19 8t+o)t sensor" clot+n&. %nd I 8o)ld
nter$ret n ')c+ t+e sa'e 8a" t+e stor" of t+e s'ell of t+"'e n t+e
+a)nted feld. 6e 'a" s)$$ose1 I t+n31 t+at alt+o)&+ /r. -&ton 8as not
consco)sl"9 t+n3n& of t+e local le&end1 +s s)bl'nal self re'e'bered
t1 and $rod)ced t+e a$$ro$rate +all)cnaton of s'ell n t+e sa'e 8a" n
8+c+ t $rod)ced t+e $ct)re of t+e cloc3Cface1 as ndcatn& t+at t 3ne8
t+e $recse +o)r. T+)s 8e +a2e1 I t+n31 a reasonable e#$lanaton of 8+at
see's at frst s&+t an e#tra2a&ant &+ost stor"Gan e#$lanaton 8+c+ s t+e
'ore $robable nso')c+ as t s ded)ced fro' o)r o8n anal"ss of /r.
-&ton5s e2dence1 and does not see' to +a2e occ)rred to +'self.
31( . Passn& on +ere to s)bl'nal $rod)cts of visua t"$e1 I a' &lad to
be able to E)ote t+e follo8n& $assa&e1 8+c+ see's to 'e to &2e n &er'
t+e 2er" t+eor" for 8+c+ I a' no8 contendn& on t+e a)t+ort" of one of
t+e 'ost l)cd t+n3ers of t+e last &eneraton.
T+e $assa&e occ)rs n an artcle b" (r 7o+n -ersc+el on (ensoral
Vson19 n +s 9amiiar .ectures on Scienti$ic Sub"ects, *A*B. (r 7o+n
descrbes so'e e#$erences of +s o8n1 8+c+ consst n t+e +i,NN-
n2ol)ntar" $rod)cton of 2s)al '$ressons1 nto 8+c+ &eo'etrcal
re&)lart" of for' enters as t+e leadn& c+aracter1 and t+at1 )nder
crc)'stances 8+c+ alto&et+er $recl)de an" e#$lanaton dra8n fro' a
$ossble re&)lart" of str)ct)re n t+e retna or t+e o$tc ner2e.9
*
T8ce
t+ese $atterns a$$eared n 8a3n& da"l&+t +o)rs18t+ no llness or
dsco'fort at t+e t'e or after8ards. /ore freE)entl" t+e" a$$eared n
dar3nessG b)t stll 8+le (r 7o+n 8as f)ll" a8a3e. T+e" a$$eared also t8ce
8+en +e 8as $laced )nder c+lorofor'G and I s+o)ld obser2e t+at I ne2er
lost '" consco)sness of ben& a8a3e and n f)ll $ossesson of '" 'nd1
t+o)&+ E)te nsensble to 8+at 8as &on& on.Y !o8 t+e E)eston at once
$resents tself6+at are t+ese Geo'etrcal ($ectresW and +o81 and n
8+at de$art'ent of t+e bodl" or 'ental econo'" do t+e" or&nateW T+e"
are e2dentl" not drea's. T+e 'nd s not dor'ant1 b)t act2e and consco)s
of t+e drecton of ts t+o)&+tsG 8+le t+ese t+n&s obtr)de t+e'sel2es on
notce1 and b" calln& attenton to t+e'1 direct t+e tran of t+o)&+t nto a
c+annel t 8o)ld not +a2e ta3en of tself.Y If t be tr)e t+at t+e conce$ton
of a re&)lar &eo'etrcal $attern '$les t+e e#ercse of t+o)&+t and
ntell&ence1 t 8o)ld al'ost see' t+at n s)c+ cases as t+ose abo2e add)ced
8e +a2e e2dence of a thought, an ntell&ence1 8or3n& 8t+n o)r o8n
or&ansaton dstnct fro' t+at of o)r o8n $ersonalt".9 %nd (r 7o+n f)rt+er
s)&&ests t+at t+ese co'$le# f&)res1 entern& t+e 'nd n t+s a$$arentl"
arbtrar" fas+on1 t+ro8 l&+t )$on t+e s)&&est2e $rnc$le9 to 8+c+ 8e
')st loo3 for ')c+ t+at s deter'nant and decs2e of o)r 2olton 8+en
carred nto acton.9 It str3es 'e as not b" an" 'eans de2od of nterest to
conte'$late cases 8+ere1 n a 'atter so entrel" abstract1 so co'$letel"
de2od of an" 'oral or e'otonal bearn&1 as t+e $rod)cton of a
&eo'etrcal f&)re1 8e1 as t 8ere1 seNe )$on t+at $rnc$le n t+e 2er" act1
and n t+e $erfor'ance of ts offce.9
4ro' '" $ont of 2e81 of co)rse1 I can b)t ad're t+e ac)'en 8+c+
enabled t+s &reat t+n3er to $erce to t+e root of t+e 'atter b" t+e ad of so
fe8 obser2atons. -e does not see' to +a2e $erce2ed t+e connecton
bet8een t+ese sc+e'atc $+antas's19 to borro8 a $+rase fro' Professor
Ladd1
.
and t+e +all)cnator" f&)res of 'en or an'als seen n +ealt+ or n
dsease. B)t e2en fro' +s scant" data +s nference see's to 'e rresstbleG
8e +a2e e2dence of a thought, an ntell&ence1 8or3n& 8t+n o)r o8n
or&ansaton1 dstnct fro' t+at of o)r o8n $ersonalt".9 I s+all 2ent)re to
cla' +' as t+e frst or&nator of t+e t+eor" to 8+c+ t+e far f)ller
e2dence no8 accessble +ad nde$endentl" led '"self.
+i,NO-
313 . Cases obser2ed as defntel" as t+ose D)st E)oted are fe8 n
n)'berG and I ')st $ass on nto a ')c+Ctroddene2en a conf)sedl"
tra'$ledfeldGt+e records1 na'el"1 left b" e'nent 'en as to t+e
ele'ent of s)bconsco)s 'entaton1 8+c+ 8as n2ol2ed n t+er best 8or3.
/ost of t+ese stores +a2e been a&an and a&an re$eatedGand t+e" +a2e
been collected on a lar&e scale n a celebrated 8or31to 'e es$ecall"
dstastef)l1 as contann& 8+at see's to 'e t+e loose and e#tra2a&ant
$arod" of '$ortant tr)t+. It s not '" b)sness +ere to crtcse ,r. Von
-art'ann5s &hiosophy o$ the Wnconscious n detalG b)t I $refer to drect
'" readers5 attenton to a ')c+ 'ore 'odest 2ol)'e1 n 8+c+ a "o)n&
$+"scan +as $)t to&et+er t+e res)lts of a drect nE)r" addressed to so'e
4renc+'en of dstncton as to t+er 'et+ods es$ecall" of 'a&nat2e
8or3.
*
I E)ote a fe8 of t+e re$les addressed to +'1 be&nnn& 8t+ so'e
8ords fro' /. ()ll" Pr)d+o''e1at once $s"c+olo&st and $oet18+o s
+ere s$ea3n& of t+e s)bconsco)s clarfcaton of a c+an of abstract
reasonn&. I +a2e so'et'es s)ddenl" )nderstood a &eo'etrcal
de'onstraton 'ade to 'e a "ear $re2o)sl" 8t+o)t +a2n& n an" 8a"
drected t+ereto '" attenton or 8ll. It see'ed t+at t+e 'ere s$ontaneo)s
r$enn& of t+e conce$tons 8+c+ t+e lect)res +ad '$lanted n '" bran
+ad bro)&+t abo)t 8t+n 'e t+s no2el &ras$ of t+e $roof.9
6t+ t+s 8e 'a" co'$are a state'ent of %ra&o5sInstead of
obstnatel" endea2o)rn& to )nderstand a $ro$oston at once1 I 8o)ld ad't
ts tr)t+ $ro2sonall"Gand ne#t da" I 8o)ld be astons+ed at
)nderstandn& t+oro)&+l" t+at 8+c+ see'ed all dar3 before.9
Condllac s'larl" s$ea3s of fndn& an nco'$lete $ece of 8or3
fns+ed ne#t da" n +s +ead.
(o'e8+at s'larl"1 t+o)&+ n anot+er feld1 /. RettU1 a $oet1 tells ,r.
C+abane# t+at +e falls aslee$ n t+e 'ddle of an )nfns+ed stanNa1 and
8+en t+n3n& of t a&an n t+e 'ornn& fnds t co'$leted. %nd /.
Vncent d5Ind"1 a ')scal co'$oser1 sa"s t+at +e often +as on 8a3n& a
f)&t2e &l'$se of a ')scal effect 8+c+ (l3e t+e 'e'or" of a drea')
needs a stron& ''edate concentraton of 'nd to 3ee$ t fro' 2ans+n&.
,e /)sset 8rtes1 On ne tra2alle $as1 on Uco)te1 c5est co''e )n
nconn) E)e 2o)s $arle a l5orelle.9
La'artne sa"s1 Ce n5est $as 'o E) $enseG ce sont 'es dUes E)
$ensent $o)r 'o.9
RU'" de Go)r'ontJ /" conce$tons rse nto t+e feld of
consco)sness l3e a flas+ of l&+tnn& or l3e t+e fl&+t of a brd.9
/.(. 8rtesJ In 8rtn& t+ese dra'as I see'ed to be a s$ectator at t+e
$la"G I &aNed at 8+at 8as $assn& on t+e scene n an ea&er1 +i,OP- 8ondern&
e#$ectaton of 8+at 8as to follo8. %nd "et I felt t+at all t+s ca'e fro' t+e
de$t+ of '" o8n ben&.9
(antC(aens +ad onl" to lsten1 as (ocrates to +s ,F'onJ and /. Rbot1
s)''n& )$ a n)'ber of s'lar cases1 sa"sJ It s t+e )nconsco)s 8+c+
$rod)ces 8+at s 2)l&arl" called ns$raton. T+s condton s a $ost2e
fact1 acco'$aned 8t+ $+"scal and $s"c+cal c+aracterstcs $ec)lar to
tself. %bo2e all1 t s '$ersonal and n2ol)ntar"1 t acts l3e an nstnct1
8+en and +o8 t c+oosesG t 'a" be 8ooed1 b)t cannot be co'$elled.
!et+er reflecton nor 8ll can s)$$l" ts $lace n or&nal creaton.Y T+e
bNarre +abts of artsts 8+en co'$osn& tend to create a s$ecal
$+"solo&cal condton1to a)&'ent t+e cerebral crc)laton n order to
$ro2o3e or to 'antan t+e )nconsco)s act2t".9
In 8+at $recse 8a" t+e cerebral crc)laton s altered 8e can +ardl" at
$resent +o$e to 3no8. /eant'e a fe8 $s"c+olo&cal re'ar3s fall 'ore
easl" 8t+n o)r reac+.
31+ . In t+e frst $lace1 8e note t+at a 2er" bref and s+allo8
s)b'er&ence beneat+ t+e consco)s le2el s eno)&+ to nf)se fres+ 2&o)r
nto s)$ral'nal trans of t+o)&+t. Ideas left to 'at)re )nnotced for a fe8
da"s1 or for a sn&le n&+t1 see' to $ass b)t a 2er" lttle 8a" beneat+ t+e
t+res+old. T+e" rese'ble $ebbles 8+c+ t+e eart+8or' s)c3s nto ts
b)rro8 and reCeDects )$on t+e la8n1 rat+er t+an an )$r)s+n& la2aCstrea'
fro' ca2es of +dden fre. T+e" re$resent1 one 'a" sa"1 t+e frst sta&e of a
$rocess 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ often ncons$c)o)s1 s not l3el" to be
dscontn)o)s1t+e s)stenance1 na'el"1 of t+e s)$ral'nal lfe b" '$)lse
or &)dance fro' belo8.
In t+e second $lace1 8e see n so'e of t+ese cases of dee$ and fr)tf)l
abstraction a sl&+t a$$roac+ to d)$lcaton of $ersonalt". 7o+n (t)art /ll1
ntent on +s &rincipes o$ .ogic, as +e t+readed t+e cro8ds of Leaden+all
(treet1 recalls certan 'orbd cases of +"stercal distraction/onl" t+at 8t+
/ll t+e $rocess 8as an nte&rat2e one and not a dssol)t2e onea &an
and not a loss of $o8er o2er t+e or&ans'.
%nd t+rdl"1 n so'e of t+ese nstances 8e see t+e 'an of &en)s
ac+e2n& s$ontaneo)sl"1 and )na8ares1 ')c+ t+e sa'e res)lt as t+at 8+c+
s ac+e2ed for t+e +"$notc s)bDect b" delberate artfce. 4or +e s n fact
coCordnatn& t+e 8a3n& and t+e slee$n& $+ases of +s e#stence. -e s
carr"n& nto slee$ t+e 3no8led&e and t+e $)r$ose of 8a3n& +o)rsGand
+e s carr"n& bac3 nto 8a3n& +o)rs a&an t+e beneft of t+ose $rofo)nd
ass'latons 8+c+ are t+e $r2le&e of slee$. -"$notc s)&&eston a's at
coo$eratons of D)st t+s 3nd bet8een t+e 8a3n& state n 8+c+ t+e
s)&&eston1 sa"1 of so'e f)nctonal c+an&e1 s $lanned and t+e slee$n& state
n 8+c+ t+at c+an&e s carred o)t18t+ beneft $ersstn& ane8 nto
8a3n& lfe. T+e +"$notc trance1 8+c+ s a deveoped slee$1 t+)s
acco'$ls+es for t+e ordnar" 'an 8+at ordnar" slee$ acco'$ls+es for t+e
'an of &en)s.
+i,OG-
T+e co'n& c+a$ters on (lee$ and -"$nots' 8ll ll)strate t+s $ont
'ore f)ll". B)t I 'a" +ere antc$ate '" dsc)sson of dreams b" E)otn&
one nstance 8+ere drea's1 selfCs)&&ested b" 8a3n& 8ll1 for'ed1 as one
'a" sa"1 an nte&ral ele'ent n dstn&)s+ed &en)s.
T+e late Robert Lo)s (te2enson1 ben& n 'an" 8a"s a t"$cal 'an of
&en)s1 8as n no 8a" 'ore 'ar3edl" &fted 8t+ t+at nte&ratn& fac)lt"
t+at ncreased $o8er o2er all strata of t+e $ersonalt"8+c+ I +a2e
ascrbed to &en)s1 t+an n +s relaton to +s drea's (see % C+a$ter on
,rea's9 n +s 2ol)'e Across the &ains). (eldo' +as t+e essental analo&"
bet8een drea's and ns$raton been e#+bted n s)c+ a str3n& 8a". -s
drea's +ad al8a"s (+e tells )s) been of &reat 22dness1 and often of
'ar3edl" recurrent t"$e. B)t t+e $ont of nterest s t+at1 8+en +e be&an to
8rte stores for $)blcaton1 t+e lttle $eo$le 8+o 'ana&ed 'an5s nternal
t+eatre9 )nderstood t+e c+an&e as 8ell as +e.
6+en +e la" do8n to $re$are +'self for slee$1 +e no lon&er so)&+t
a')se'ent1 b)t $rntable and $roftable talesG and after +e +ad doNed off n
+s bo#Cseat1 +s lttle $eo$le contn)ed t+er e2ol)tons 8t+ t+e sa'e
'ercantle des&ns.Y 4or t+e 'ost $art1 8+et+er a8a3e or aslee$1 +e s
s'$l" occ)$ed+e or +s lttle $eo$len consco)sl" 'a3n& stores for
t+e 'ar3et.Y
T+e 'ore I t+n3 of t1 t+e 'ore I a' 'o2ed to $ress )$on t+e 8orld '"
E)estonJ 6+o are t+e Lttle Peo$leW9 T+e" are near connectons of t+e
drea'er5s be"ond do)btG t+e" s+are n +s fnancal 8orres and +a2e an e"e
to t+e ban3Cboo3G t+e" s+are $lanl" n +s trann&GYt+e" +a2e $lanl"
learned l3e +' to b)ld t+e sc+e'e of a consderate stor" and to arran&e
e'oton n $ro&ress2e orderG onl" I t+n3 t+e" +a2e 'ore talentG and one
t+n& s be"ond do)bt1t+e" can tell +' a stor" $ece b" $ece1 l3e a
seral1 and 3ee$ +' all t+e 8+le n &norance of 8+ere t+e" a'.
T+at $art Lof '" 8or3M 8+c+ s done 8+le I a' slee$n& s t+e
Bro8nes5 $art be"ond contentonG b)t t+at 8+c+ s done 8+en I a' )$ and
abo)t s b" no 'eans necessarl" 'ne1 snce all &oes to s+o8 t+e Bro8nes
+a2e a +and n t e2en t+en.
(l&+t and '$erfect as t+e abo2e statstcs and obser2atons ad'ttedl"
are1 t+e" see' to 'e to $ont n a 'ore )sef)l drecton t+an do so'e of t+e
facts collected b" t+at 'odern &ro)$ of ant+ro$olo&sts 8+o +old t+at
&en)s s n tself a 3nd of ner2o)s 'alad"1 a dst)rbance of 'ental balance
a3n to cr'nalt" or e2en to 'adness. I ')st +ere $a)se and brefl"
consder t+e e2dence ad2anced n s)$$ort of a t+ess al'ost drectl"
contradctor" of '" o8n.
31, . Professor Lo'broso es$ecall"1 n +s $o$)lar f so'e8+at
s)$erfcal boo3 on t+e /an of Gen)s1 +as &at+ered to&et+er 'an"
anecdotes of t+e folles and fraltes of e'nent 'en. (tr3n&1 +o8e2er1
t+o)&+ +s collecton s1 t+ere are 'an" reasons for ca)ton n dra8n& fro'
t t+e ded)ctons 8+c+ +e s)&&ests. In t+e frst $lace (and t+s t+e a)t+or
+'self to a &reat e#tent ad'ts) t+e dstn&)s+ed 'en 8t+ 8+o' +e +i,OH-
deals do not and cannot for' an" tr)e $s"c+olo&cal class. T+e" are 'erel"
a so'e8+at rando' selecton fro' a ')c+ lar&er n)'ber of $ersons 8+ose
acts or 8rtn&s +a2e 'ade t+e' 8ell 3no8n n t+e ancent or n t+e 'odern
8orld. /an" of t+e' s)cceeded b" 'eans of E)altes as re'ote as $ossble
fro' t+ose else8+ere n t+e boo3 ass)'ed as c+aracterstc of &en)sG rose
n t+er $rofessons1 for nstance1 b" 'ere +ard 8or3 and 8orldl" 8sdo'1
or 8ere bro)&+t nto $ro'nence b" $oltcal accdents. 6ere an" c+ar&e of
de&enerac" or ner2ost"9 'ade o)t a&anst all t+ese e'nent 'en as a
bod"1 t 8o)ld 'erel" see' to $ro2e t+e $arado# t+at de&enerac" 'a3es for
s)ccess. B)t n tr)t+ 'an" of t+e cases alle&ed ad't of a ')c+ s'$ler
e#$lanaton. T+ere are n 'ost of )s so'e trats of +)'an nat)re 8+c+ 8e
are not 2er" an#o)s to re2eal. If t+e &reat 8orld loo3s at )s too closel"
t+ese trats tend to co'e o)t. T+e case s t+e sa'e 8t+ t+ose 8+o are born
&reat as 8t+ t+ose 8+o ac+e2e &reatness. Lo'broso5s chronique
scandaeuse of $oets and $anters '&+t be 8ell 'atc+ed b" t+e chronique
scandaeuse of $rnces and $eers. T+e 2;moires de St. Simon, for nstance1
8o)ld a'$l" s)ffce to $ro2e t+e t+ess t+at a trace of t+e blood ro"alor
e2en a $lace at co)rtn tself '$led a ne)rotc +eredt". B)t t s scarcel"
8ort+ 8+le to &o to +stor" for 8+at an" vaet de chambre 8ll 'antan of
an" +ero. 6+at "o) +a2e to $ro2e s rat+er t+at t+e a2era&e 'an s an" less
de&enerate t+an +s betters. %nd t+s s not eas"G for 8e ')st rec3on n o)r
acco)nt abnor'altes of defect as 8ell as of e#a&&eratonG bl)ntness and
o$actes ')st be set a&anst rrtabltes and ll)sonsG and +ardl" a &ood
eas" 'an a'on& )s b)t '&+t be anal"sed nto +alf ne)ro$at+ and +alf
P+lstne1 f t 8o)ld ser2e a t+eor".
31' . Yet 8+le t+)s de')rrn& at 'an" $onts bot+ to Professor
Lo'broso5s statstcs t+e'sel2es and to t+e concl)sons based )$on t+e'1 I
reco&nse t+at t+ere are )nderl"n& facts of &reat '$ortance 8+c+ &2e to
+s 2e8 s)c+ $la)sblt" as t $ossesses. It s certanl" not tr)e1 as I +old1
et+er t+at t+e +)'an race n &eneral s ner2o)sl" de&eneratn&1 or t+at
ner2o)s de&eneraton tends to a 'a#')' n ts 'ost e'nent 'e'bers.
B)t t can be $la)sbl" 'antaned t+at t+e $ro$orton of ner2o)s to ot+er
dsorders tends to ncrease. %nd t s certan t+at not ner2o)s de&eneraton
b)t ner2o)s c+an&e or de2elo$'ent s no8 $roceedn& a'on& c2lsed
$eo$les 'ore ra$dl" t+an e2er before1 and t+at t+s selfCada$taton to 8der
en2ron'ents ')st ne2tabl" be acco'$aned n t+e 'ore 'ar3ed cases b"
so'et+n& of ner2o)s nstablt". %nd t s tr)e also t+at fro' one $ont of
2e8 t+ese c+an&es '&+t for' 'atter for re&retG and t+at n order to dscern
8+at I ta3e to be t+er tr)e 'eann& 8e +a2e to re&ard t+e $roble' of
+)'an e2ol)ton fro' a so'e8+at )nfa'lar stand$ont.
T+e t+ess 8+c+ I +a2e called $la)sble onl"1t+e ncreased 'odern
'$ortance of ner2o)s n co'$arson 8t+ ot+er dsorderss E)te
)ntr)st8ort+" )nless n t+e frst $lace 8e re'e'ber t+at s)c+ ncrease s +i,
OI- $robabl" relat2e onl"1 ot+er t"$es of dsease +a2n& $ost2el"
declned1 as t+er co''on ca)ses+)n&er1 flt+1 and e#$os)re+a2e
beco'e rarer a'on& c2lsed 'en. /oreo2er1 o)r standard of +ealt+ and
sant" beco'es constantl" +&+er. (a2a&es and r)de $o$)latons $robabl"
s)ffer fro' ner2o)s nstabltes as often as 8e1 b)t t+e" notce t less
ntell&entl"1 and care less abo)t t. T+e second $ro$oston1 t+at ner2o)s
de2elo$'ent s no8 $roceedn& 'ore ra$dl" t+an e2er before1 s I t+n3
$ro2ed b" t+e &reat &eneral ad2ance n all ac+e2e'ents needn& ra$d and
$recse ner2o)s adD)st'ent. T+e $er$et)al record brea3n&9 n at+letcs1
8+c+ 8e ta3e n t+s a&e as a 'atter of co)rse1 s far 'ore of a ner2o)s t+an
of a ')sc)lar affar1 and t+e standard of 'odern ca$act" for e2er" 3nd of
8or3 of bran and +and (I do not sa" t+e standard of nd)stral $robt"1 or of
'a&nat2e ele2aton)1 rses as steadl" as t+e standard of t+e 'ac+ner"
8t+ 8+c+ 8e s)$$le'ent o)r bodl" $o8ers.
31* . I $ass on to t+e second $ont 'entoned D)st abo2e. T+e ner2o)s
s"ste' tself s $robabl" tendn& n eac+ &eneraton to beco'e 'ore
co'$le# and 'ore delcatel" ra'fed. %s s )s)al 8+en an" $art of an
or&ans' s )nder&on& ra$d e2ol)t2e c+an&es1 t+s ner2o)s $ro&ress s
acco'$aned 8t+ so'e nstablt". T+ose nd2d)als n 8+o' t+e
+eredtar" or t+e acE)red c+an&e s t+e 'ost ra$d are l3el" also to s)ffer
'ost fro' t+s perturbation #hich masBs evoutiont+s occasonal
a$$earance of 8+at 'a" be ter'ed ner2o)s s$orts9 of a )seless or e2en
nD)ro)s t"$e. ()c+ are t+e fances and fanatcs's1 t+e bNarre l3es and
dsl3es1 t+e e#cess2e or aberrant sensbltes1 8+c+ +a2e been obser2ed n
so'e of t+e e'nent 'en 8+o' Lo'broso dsc)sses. T+er tr)est analo&)e1
as 8e s+all $resentl" see 'ore f)ll"1 les n t+e oddtes or 'orbdtes of
sent'ent or sensaton 8+c+ so often acco'$an" t+e de2elo$'ent of t+e
+)'an or&ans' nto ts f)ll $otences1 or $recede t+e cro8nn& effort b"
8+c+ a fres+ or&ans' s ntrod)ced nto t+e 8orld.
()c+ at least s '" 2e8G b)t t+e f)ll acce$tance of t+s 2e8 ')st
de$end )$on so'e 2er" re'ote and 2er" s$ec)lat2e consderatons bearn&
)$on t+e nat)re and $)r$ort of t+e 8+ole e#stence and e2ol)ton of 'an.
Yet +o8e2er re'ote and s$ec)lat2e t+e t+ess 8+c+ I defend 'a" be1 t s
not one 8+t re'oter or 'ore s$ec)lat2e t+an t+e 2e8 8+c+1 $aute de
mieu0, s often tactl" ass)'ed b" scentfc 8rters. /" s)$$osed o$$onent
and I are l3e t8o c+ldren 8+o +a2e loo3ed t+ro)&+ a 3e"+ole at t+e frst
fe8 'o2es n a &a'e of c+ess1of 8+ose r)les 8e are entrel" &norant.
/" co'$anon )r&es t+at snce 8e +a2e onl" seen pa#ns 'o2ed1 t s
$robable t+at t+e &a'e s $la"ed 8t+ t+e $a8ns aloneG and t+at t+e 'aDor
$eces seen conf)sedl" be+nd t+e $a8ns are onl" a 3nd of frn&e or
orna'ent of t+e board. I re$l" t+at t+ose $eces stand on t+e board l3e t+e
$a8nsG and t+at snce t+e" are lar&er and 'ore 2ared t+an t+e $a8ns1 t s
$robable t+at t+e" are 'eant to $la" so'e e2en 'ore '$ortant rble n t+e
&a'e as t de2elo$s. 6e a&ree t+at 8e ')st 8at and see 8+et+er t+e $eces
are 'o2edG and I no8 +i,OJ- 'antan t+at I +a2e seen a $ece 'o2ed
alt+o)&+ '" co'$anon +as not notced t.
T+e c+essboard n t+s $arable s t+e Cos'osG t+e $a8ns are t+ose
+)'an fac)ltes 8+c+ 'a3e for t+e $reser2aton and de2elo$'ent on t+s
$lanet of t+e nd2d)al and t+e raceG t+e $eces are fac)ltes 8+c+ 'a"
et+er be t+e 'ere b"C$rod)cts of terrene e2ol)ton1 or on t+e ot+er +and
'a" for' an essental $art of t+e fac)lt" 8t+ 8+c+ t+e +)'an &er' or t+e
+)'an s$rt s or&nall" eE)$$ed1 for t+e $)r$ose of selfCde2elo$'ent n a
cos'cal1 as o$$osed to a 'erel" $lanetar"1 en2ron'ent.
31) . I 3no8 not 8+ere to fnd 8+at I 'a" call t+e $lanetar" sc+e'e of
'an5s e2ol)ton set fort+ at len&t+. Per+a$s one of ts s)$$orters '&+t
ar&)e so'e8+at as follo8sJ T+e bass fro' 8+c+ 8e start ')st be t+e
e#stence of t+e 'ateral )n2erse. T+s )n2erse +as certan la8s1
$res)'abl" antecedent to l2n& 'atter1 and to 8+c+ l2n& 'atter1 +o8e2er
t 'a" +a2e co'e to e#st n t+e )n2erse1 ')st ne2tabl" confor'. L2n&
creat)res1 f lfe s to $ersst1 ')st eat and ')st $ro$a&ateG and t+e &er'
fro' 8+c+ t+e" s$ran& ')st +a2e n2ol2ed t+e fac)ltes necessar" for t+)s
$ersstn&. T+at &er' de2elo$ed alon& 2aro)s lnes nto 2aro)s an'alsG
and t+e +&+er an'als $ro2e t+er s)$erort" b" o)tCl2n& and do'natn&
t+e lo8er. T+e 'an set and tendenc" of 'an5s fac)ltes $onts to a 'ore and
'ore co'$lete do'non o2er t+e 'ateral 8orld. B)t t+e 8a" n 8+c+
fac)ltes de2elo$ s lar&el" b" t+e occ)rrence of s$orts1of )n$redctable
2aretes. (o'e of t+ese1 alt+o)&+ t+e" 'a" not tend to ncrease 'an5s
$o8er o2er t+e 'ateral 8orld1 tend to +s $leas)re n ot+er 8a"s1 and are
fostered b" +'. %nd1 a$art fro' act)al s$orts1 t+e bran s s)c+ a co'$le#
affar1 and t+e nterCconnectons of fac)lt" are so s)btle1 t+at t+e 'ere
de2elo$'ent of t+ose )sef)l fac)ltes 8+c+ le n t+e drect trac3 of
e2ol)ton tends also to t+e for'aton of by,products,nstncts1 a$$ettes1
and $o8ers1 8+c+ tend to $ersst and &ro81 and 8+c+ &rad)all" co'e to
fll a lar&e $art of +)'an consco)sness. Rel&on1 %rt1 s$rt)al lo2e1 &c.1
are s)c+ b"C$rod)ctsG t+er e#stence $ro2es t+at t+e bran s a co'$le#
t+n&G b)t t does not $ro2e t+at an" s$rt)al 8orld e#sts 8+c+ can satsf"
t+er cra2n&s.9
T+ese ar&)'ents of co)rse rece2e 'an" ans8ers fro' t+eolo&cal and
$+loso$+cal stand$onts. It s )r&ed n 2aro)s 8a"s t+at t+e E)altes +ere
descrbed as b"C$rod)cts are at once too f)nda'ental and too ele2ated to be
t+)s re&arded as t+e 'ere ncdental conco'tants of fac)ltes of far lo8er
ran&e.
%r&)'ents of t+s t"$e1 +o8e2er1 for t+e 'ost $art &nore alto&et+er t+e
e2ol)tonar" sc+e'e $)t for8ard on t+e ot+er sde1 and rest )$on
consderatons 8+c+ n t+s 8or3 I a' '"self $recl)ded fro' )r&n&. I
')st no8 tr" to s+o8 t+at t+e e2ol)tonar" sc+e'e tself1 8+en 'ore
closel" consdered1 $onts to a 8der t+an $lanetar" sco$e.
319 . T+e 8ea3 $ont n t+e 'ateralstc s"nt+ess1 brefl" &2en abo2e1
s of co)rse t+e s)$erfcal 8a" n 8+c+ t s forced to treat t+e a$$earance
+i,OK- of i$e on t+e $lanet. In o)r absol)te &norance of t+e so)rce fro'
8+ence lfe ca'e1 8e +a2e no &ro)nd for ass)'n& t+at t 8as a $)rel"
$lanetar" $rod)ct1 or t+at ts )n3no8n $otentaltes are concerned 8t+
$)rel" $lanetar" ends. It 8o)ld be as ras+ for t+e bolo&st to ass)'e t+at
lfe on eart+ can onl" $ont to &eneratons of f)rt+er lfe on eart+ as t 8o)ld
+a2e been for so'e cos'c &eolo&st to ass)'ebefore t+e a$$earance of
lfe on eart+t+at &eolo&cal forces ')st needs constt)te all t+e act2t"
8+c+ co)ld ta3e $lace on t+s $lanet.
(nce t+e &er' of lfe a$$eared on eart+1 ts +stor" +as been a +stor"
not onl" of &rad)al se$,adaptation to a 3no8n en2ron'ent1 b)t of &rad)al
discovery of an en2ron'ent1 al8a"s t+ere1 b)t )n3no8n. 6+at 8e call ts
$r't2e s'$le rrtablt" 8as n fact a d' $anFst+esaG a $otental
fac)lt"1 as "et )nconsco)s of all t+e st')l to 8+c+ t +ad not "et learnt to
res$ond. %s t+ese $o8ers of sensaton and of res$onse +a2e de2elo$ed1 t+e"
+a2e &rad)all" re2ealed to t+e l2n& &er' en2ron'ents of 8+c+ at frst t
co)ld +a2e no conce$ton.
It s $robable1 to be&n 8t+1 t+at t+e onl" en2ron'ent 8+c+ t+e 2ast
'aDort" of o)r ancestors 3ne8 8as s'$l" +ot 8ater. 4or t+e &reater $art of
t+e t'e d)rn& 8+c+ lfe +as e#sted on eart+ t 8o)ld +a2e been t+o)&+t
c+'ercal to s)&&est t+at 8e co)ld l2e n an"t+n& else. It 8as a &reat da"
for )s 8+en an ancestor cra8led )$ o)t of t+e slo8l"Ccooln& seaGor sa"
rat+er 8+en a $re2o)sl" )ns)s$ected ca$act" for drectl" breat+n& ar
&rad)all" re2ealed t+e fact t+at 8e +ad for lon& been breat+n& ar n t+e
8aterGand t+at 8e 8ere l2n& n t+e 'dst of a 2astl" e#tended
en2ron'ent1t+e at'os$+ere of t+e eart+. It 8as a &reat da" a&an 8+en
anot+er ancestor felt on +s $&'entCs$ot t+e solar ra"G or sa" rat+er 8+en a
$re2o)sl" )ns)s$ected ca$act" for $erce2n& l&+t re2ealed t+e fact t+at
8e +ad for lon& been acted )$on b" l&+t as 8ell as b" +eatG and t+at 8e
8ere l2n& n t+e 'dst of a 2astl" e#tended en2ron'ent1na'el"1 t+e
ll)'ned :n2erse t+at stretc+es to t+e /l3" 6a". It 8as a &reat da" 8+en
t+e frst s3ate (f s3ate +e 8ere) felt an )n3no8n 2rt)e &o o)t fro' +'
to8ards so'e 8or' or ')dfs+Gor sa" rat+er 8+en a $re2o)sl"
)ns)s$ected ca$act" for electrcal e#ctaton de'onstrated t+e fact t+at 8e
+ad lon& been acted )$on b" electrct" as 8ell as b" +eat and b" l&+tG and
t+at 8e 8ere l2n& n an nconce2able and l'tless en2ron'ent1
na'el"1 an et+er c+ar&ed 8t+ nfnte ener&"1 o2er$assn& and
nter$enetratn& al3e t+e last &)lf of dar3ness and t+e e#tre'est star. %ll
t+s1$+rased $er+a$s n so'e ot+er fas+on1all 'en ad't as tr)e. /a"
8e not t+en s)$$ose t+at t+ere are "et ot+er en2ron'ents1 ot+er
nter$retatons1 8+c+ a f)rt+er a8a3enn& of fac)lt" stll s)bl'nal s "et
fated b" ts o8n nascent res$onse to dsco2erW 6ll t be alen to t+e $ast
+stor" of e2ol)ton f I addJ It 8as a &reat da" 8+en t+e frst t+o)&+t or
feeln& flas+ed nto so'e 'nd of beast or 'an fro' a 'nd dstant fro' +s
o8nW 8+en a $re2o)sl" )ns)s$ected ca$act" of tele$at+c $erc$ence
re2ealed t+e fact +i,OL- t+at 8e +ad lon& been acted )$on b" tele$at+c as
8ell as b" sensor" st')lG and t+at 8e 8ere l2n& n an nconce2able and
l'tless en2ron'ent1a t+o)&+tC8orld or s$rt)al )n2erse c+ar&ed 8t+
nfnte lfe1 and nter$enetratn& and o2er$assn& all +)'an s$rts1)$ to
8+at so'e +a2e called 6orldC(o)l1 and so'e GodW
T+s1 as I conce2e1 s t+e sc+e'e of E2ol)ton1 so far as 8e can as "et
&)ess t. T+s s t+e $ro&ress of t+e &a'e of c+ess1 fro' t+e $la" of $a8ns to
t+e $la" of $ecesG and n tele$at+"1 as I ta3e t1 8e +a2e seen a $ece alread"
'o2ed.
3(0 . It s not1 +o8e2er1 8t+ t+e 'ore ad2anced 'o2es n t+s &a'e t+at
I a' at $resent concerned. I a' dealn& not 8t+ s)$ernor'al senst2tes1
b)t 8t+ &en)s1defned as t+e coo$eraton of t+e s)b'er&ed 8t+ t+e
e'er&ent self1as t+e nte&raton of s)bl'nal 8t+ s)$ral'nal fac)lt"
8t+n t+e l'ts of t+e ran&e of fac)ltes 8+c+ all 'en ad't and 3no8.
Yet t see'ed needf)l to loo3 for a 'o'ent so'e8+at f)rt+er1 n order to
s+o8 t+e tr)e $oston of &en)s n t+e e2ol)tonar" scale1 n 8+c+ t for's
b" no 'eans et+er an e#tre'e ter' or an accdental de2aton. 4or t 8ll be
easl" )nderstood t+at one of t+e corollares fro' t+e conce$ton of a
constantl" 8denn& and dee$enn& $erce$ton of an en2ron'ent nfnte n
nfnte 8a"s1 8ll be t+at t+e fac)ltes 8+c+ beft t+e 'ateral en2ron'ent
+a2e absol)tel" no $r'ac"1 )nless t be of t+e 'erel" c+ronolo&cal 3nd1
o2er t+ose fac)ltes 8+c+ scence +as often called by,products, beca)se
t+e" +a2e no 'anfest tendenc" to ad t+er $ossessor n t+e str)&&le for
e#stence n a 'ateral 8orld. T+e +&+er &fts of &en)s$oetr"1 t+e $lastc
arts1 ')sc1 $+loso$+"1 $)re 'at+e'atcsall of t+ese are $recsel" as
')c+ n t+e central strea' of e2ol)tonare $erce$tons of ne8 tr)t+ and
$o8ers of ne8 acton D)st as decs2el" $redestned for t+e race of 'anas
t+e abor&nal %)stralan5s fac)lt" for t+ro8n& a boo'eran& or for
s8ar'n& )$ a tree for &r)bs. T+ere s1 t+en1 abo)t t+ose lofter nterests
not+n& e#otc1 not+n& accdentalG t+e" are an ntrnsc $art of t+at e2erC
e2ol2n& res$onse to o)r s)rro)ndn&s 8+c+ for's not onl" t+e $lanetar"
b)t t+e cos'c +stor" of all o)r race.
6+at nconsstences1 8+at abs)rdtes1 )nderle t+at ass)'$ton t+at
e2ol)ton 'eans not+n& 'ore t+an t+e s)r22al of an'als fttest to conE)er
ene'es and to o2err)n t+e eart+. On t+at bare +"$ot+ess t+e &en)s homo s
'$ossble to e#$lan. !o one reall" atte'$ts to e#$lan +' e#ce$t on t+e
tact s)$$oston t+at !at)re so'e+o8 tended to e2ol2e ntell&ence
so'e+o8 needed to e2ol2e Do"G 8as not satsfed 8t+ s)c+ an eart+Co2erC
r)nner as t+e rabbt1 or s)c+ an n2ncble conE)eror as t+e nfl)enNa
'crobe. B)t ho# much ntell&ence1 #hat 3nd of Do" !at)re a'ed ats
t+s to be left to be settled b" t+e nstnct of Qhomme sensue moyen? or
o)&+t 8e not rat+er to as3 of t+e best s$ec'ens of o)r race 8+at t s t+at
t+e" l2e forW8+et+er t+e" labo)r for t+e 'eat t+at $ers+et+1 or for Lo2e
and 6sdo'W To 'ore and 'ore a'on& 'an3nd +i,OM- t+e need of food s
s)$$led 8t+ as lttle consco)s effort as t+e need of arG "et t+ese are often
t+e 2er" 'en t+ro)&+ 8+o' e2ol)ton s &on& on 'ost )n'sta3abl"8+o
are beco'n& t+e t"$cal f&)res of t+e s8ftl"Cc+an&n& race.
3(1 . Once 'ore. If t+s $ont of 2e8 be steadl" 'antaned1 8e s+all
&an f)rt+er l&+t on so'e of t+ose stran&enesses and rre&)lartes of &en)s
8+c+ +a2e led to ts $arado#cal D)#ta$oston 8t+ nsant" as a d2er&ence
fro' t+e acce$ted +)'an t"$e. T+e dstnct2e c+aracterstc of &en)s s t+e
lar&e nf)son of t+e s)bl'nal n ts 'ental o)t$)tG and one c+aracterstc
of t+e s)bl'nal n '" 2e8 s t+at t s n closer relaton t+an t+e
s)$ral'nal to t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 and s t+)s nearer to t+e $r't2e so)rce
and e#traCterrene ntaton of lfe. %nd eart+l" Lfe tselfe'boded as t s
n $s"c+oC$+"scall" nd2d)alsed for'ss1 on t+e t+eor" ad2anced n
t+ese $a&es1 a $rod)ct or c+aracterstc of t+e et+eral or 'etet+eral and not
of t+e &ross 'ateral 8orld. T+ence n so'e )n3no8n fas+on t ca'eG t+ere
n so'e )n3no8n fas+on t s)bssts e2en t+ro)&+o)t ts eart+l"
'anfestatonG t+t+er n so'e )n3no8n fas+on t ')st after eart+l" deat+
ret)rn. If ndeed t+e ns$ratons of &en)s s$rn& fro' a so)rce one ste$
nearer to $r't2e realt" t+an s t+at s$ecalsed consens)s of fac)ltes
8+c+ nat)ral selecton +as lfted abo2e t+e t+res+old for t+e $)r$oses of
8or3n&Cda" e#stence1 t+en s)rel" 8e need not 8onder f t+e 'nd and
fra'e of 'an s+o)ld not al8a"s s)ffce for s'oot+ and co'$lete
a'al&a'atonG f so'e $ref&)raton of fac)ltes ada$ted to a later sta&e of
ben& s+o)ld 'ar t+e s"''etr" of t+e lfe of eart+. %n oftenCE)oted analo&"
+as +ere a closer a$$lcaton t+an s often a$$re+ended. T+e &r)b co'es
fro' t+e e&& lad b" a 8n&ed nsect1 and a 8n&ed nsect t ')st tself
beco'eG b)t 'eant'e t ')st for t+e sa3e of ts o8n n)rt)re and
$reser2aton acE)re certan lar2al c+aractersc+aracters so'et'es so
co'$le# t+at t+e obser2er 'a" be e#c)sed for 'sta3n& t+at lar2a for a
$erfect nsect destned for no f)rt+er c+an&e sa2e deat+. ()c+ lar2al
c+aracters1 acE)red to 'eet t+e rs3s of a te'$orar" en2ron'ent1 I see' to
see n 'an5s eart+l" stren&t+ and &lor". I see t+e +)'an analo&)es of t+e
$osono)s t)fts 8+c+ c+o3e t+e ca$tort+e attt)des of ''cr" 8+c+
s)&&est an absent stn&t+e deat+5s +ead9 coloraton 8+c+ dsconcerts a
stron&er foe.
B)t 'eant'e t+e ada$taton to aeral lfe s &on& onG so'et+n& of t+e
'a&o or $erfect nsect s $refor'ed 8t+n t+e &r)bG and n so'e s$eces1
e2en before t+e" sn3 nto t+er transtonal sl)'ber1 t+e r)d'ents of 8n&s
stll +el$less $rotr)de a838ardl" beneat+ t+e lar2al s3n. T+ose 8+o call
(+elle"1 for nstance1 a bea)tf)l b)t neffect)al an&el beatn& +s 8n&s n
t+e 2od19 'a" ado$t1 f t+e" c+oose1 t+s +o'eler b)t e#acter $arallel.
(+elle"5s s$ecal &fts 8ere no 'ore b"C$rod)cts of (+elle"5s d&est2e
s"ste' t+an t+e 8n&s are b"C$rod)cts of t+e &r)b.
Or at an" rate t+s ne8 )se of a 8ellC8orn s'le 'a" ser2e to s)&&est
t+at for a lon& t'e "et t ')st be on t+e f)t)re as ')c+ as on t+e $ast1 +i,
ON- on 8+at s no8 n $rocess of e2ol)ton as ')c+ as on 8+at +as alread"
been e2ol2ed1 t+at t+e attenton of $s"c+olo&sts s+o)ld be f#ed. 6e are
8atc+n& t+e e'er&ence of )n&)essed $otentaltes fro' t+e $r'al &er'.
T+e 'nd s no 8alled $lot 8+c+ a da&ra' 8ll f&)reG t s a landsca$e
8t+ lnes 8+c+ stretc+ o)t of 2e81 and an e2erCc+an&n& +orNon.
3(( . %nd t+)s t+ere 'a" reall" be so'et+n& at t'es incommensurabe
bet8een t+e ns$ratons of &en)s and t+e res)lts of consco)s lo&cal
t+o)&+t. 7)st as t+e calc)latn& bo" sol2es +s $roble's b" 'et+ods 8+c+
dffer fro' t+e 'et+ods of t+e traned 'at+e'atcan1 so n artstc 'atters
also t+at so'et+n& of stran&eness9 8+c+ s n all e#cellent bea)t"19 'a"
be t+e e#$resson of a real dfference bet8een s)bl'nal and s)$ral'nal
'odes of $erce$ton. I cannot +el$ t+n3n& t+at s)c+ a dfference s
$erce$tble n s)bl'nal relatons to s$eec+G t+at t+e s)bl'nal self 8ll
so'et'es s)r$ass consco)s effort1 f t s treatn& s$eec+ as a branc+ of
%rt1 n Poetr"Gor else n so'e sense 8ll fall s+ort of consco)s effort1
8+en t s 'erel" )sn& 8ords as an )na2odable 'ed)' to e#$ress deas
8+c+ co''on s$eec+ 8as +ardl" des&ned to con2e".
T+)s1 on t+e one +and1 8+en n $resence of one of t+e &reat 2erbal
ac+e2e'ents of t+e racesa" t+e Agamemnon of csc+"l)st s +ard to
resst t+e obsc)re '$resson t+at so'e for' of ntell&ence ot+er t+an
s)$ral'nal reason or consco)s selecton +as been at 8or3. T+e res)lt less
rese'bles t+e $erfecton of ratonal c+oce a'on& 3no8n data t+an t+e
'$erfect $resentaton of so'e sc+e'e based on $erce$tons 8+c+ 8e
cannot entrel" follo8.
B)t1 on t+e ot+er +and1 e2en t+o)&+ 8ords 'a" t+)s be )sed b" &en)s
8t+ so'et+n& of t+e '"stero)s re'oteness of ')sc tself1 t see's to 'e
t+at o)r s)bl'nal 'entaton s less closel" bo)nd to t+e fac)lt" of s$eec+
t+an s o)r s)$ral'nal. T+ere s a $+rase n co''on )se 8+c+ n2ol2es
$er+a$s 'ore of $s"c+olo&cal s&nfcance t+an +as "et been bro)&+t o)t.
Of all 8+c+ 8e can call &en)s1 or 8+c+ 8e can all" 8t+ &en)sof art1
of lo2e1 of rel&o)s e'otont s co''on to +ear 'en sa" t+at t+e"
transcend the scope o$ speech.
!o81 to 'an" $ersons t+s see's a 'ere 2a&)e sent'ental e#$resson.
T+e" +old1 $er+a$s1 t+at lan&)a&en +o8e2er n8ard and abbre2ated a
for's t+e absol)tel" necessar" nstr)'ent of all defnte t+n3n&. Or
e2en f t+e" do not nsst )$on t+s 2e8 a priori, t+e" consder t+at D)st as
at t+e o$era1 ce qui ne vaut pas a peine dQXtre dit, on e chante, so n a 'ore
&eneral 8a" t+e asserton t+at an dea s not e#$ressble n 8ords1 can b)t
'ean t+at t n so'e 8a" falls s+ort of t+e standard '$led n artc)late
s$eec+.
4ro' t+e $ont of 2e8 of t+s 8or3 no s)c+ $res)'$ton can be for'ed.
On t+e contrar"1 t+e relaton to lan&)a&e of t+e s)bl'nal self s a E)eston
8+c+ ob2o)sl" stands n need of s$ecal nE)r".
3(3 . Let )s consder t+e $oston of s$eec+ a'on& +)'an 'odes of +i,
OO- selfCe#$resson. T+e 8+ole $erson of one +)'an ben& s 'ore or less
e#$ress2e to ot+ers of +s 3nd. In re$ose t tells of acton and e'oton n
t+e $astG n 'o2e'ent t s+o8s acton and e'oton as no8 &on& for8ard.
:esturet+e 8a" n 8+c+ t+e bod" s +elds e2en no8 )sed alon& 8t+
speech as t+e 'ost &eneral ter' for co'')ncaton.
!o81 f 8e are t+)s co'')ncatn& b" t+e 'o2e'ent of o)r ')scles1
8e s+all nat)rall" see3 o)t s)c+ &ro)$s of ')scles as 8e can 'o2e t+e 'ost
ra$dl" and delcatel". T+ere are fo)r s)c+ &ro)$s1 na'el"J t+e ')scles (*)
of t+e e"e and orbtG (.) of t+e 'o)t+ and t+roatG (;) of t+e fn&ers1 and (<)
of t+e toes.
T+ree of t+ese &ro)$s 8e all of )s )se. 6t+ t+e ')scles of t+e e"e and
orbt 8e e#$ress e'otonG 8t+ t+e ')scles of 'o)t+ and t+roat 8e e#$ress
bot+ e'oton and defnte deasG 8t+ t+e fn&ers 8e 8rteG and t+e
e#$erence 'oreo2er of s)c+ 'en as are born 8t+o)t fn&ers +as s+o8n )s
t+at t+e toes can be traned to nearl" eE)al effcenc"G as 8t+ certan
+andless co$"sts of $ct)res fa'lar for 'an" "ears no8 n Contnental
&alleres.
!o8 a'on& 'an" 8a"s of selfCe#$resson 8+c+ can be ed)ced fro'
t+ese &ro)$s of ')scles1 ta3en sn&l" or to&et+er1 one &reat s"ste' +as
do'nated t+e rest. %bo2e all t+n&s 'en +a2e needed defnte sound to
carr" t+e 'essa&e to a dstance n s$ace1 and f#ed record n order to
$reser2e t n t'e. ($o3en lan&)a&e +as beco'e an absol)te necesst" for
an" ntellect)al lfe ')c+ abo2e t+e le2el of br)tesG and 8rtten lan&)a&ea
s"'bolc and s)''arsed gesture+as beco'e an absol)te necesst" for
an"t+n& 8+c+ 8e can call c2lsaton. T+e constant )se of t+roat and
fn&ers for verbaisation +as rele&ated to t+e bac3&ro)nd all ot+er for's of
&est)re.
T+ere s1 +o8e2er1 no a priori &ro)nd for s)$$osn& t+at lan&)a&e 8ll
+a2e t+e $o8er to e#$ress all t+e t+o)&+ts and e'otons of 'an. It 'a"
ndeed be 'antaned t+at t+e ne2table co)rse of ts de2elo$'ent tends to
e#+bt 'ore and 'ore clearl" ts n+erent l'tatons. E2er" lan&)a&e19 t
+as been sad1 be&ns as $oetr" and ends as al&ebra.9 To )se t+e ter's
e'$lo"ed n t+s 8or31 e2er" lan&)a&e be&ns as a s)bl'nal )$r)s+ and
ends as a s)$ral'nal artfce. Or&anc nstncts '$el to $r't2e
eDac)latonG )nconsco)s la8s of 'nd s+a$e earl" &ra''ar. B)t e2en n o)r
o8n da"and 8e are stll n t+e eart+5s nfanc"t+s nad2etU of lan&)a&e s
fast dsa$$earn&. T+e needs of scence and of co''erce +a2e beco'e
do'nant. (cence +as delberatel" created for +erself an arbtrar" s"ste' of
s&nsGet+er act)al arran&e'ents of letters and n)'erals1 or tec+ncal
2ocab)lares1 constr)cted on elaborate $lans. Co''erce s endea2o)rn& to
reac+ t+e sa'e al&ebracal $tc+1 8t+ boo33ee$n&1 tele&ra$+c codes1
$d&n En&ls+1 Vola$)3 and t+e l3e.
Of co)rse1 t+e de2elo$'ent of lan&)a&e s not left entrel" to t+e
co)ntn&C+o)se and t+e laborator". In ot+er drectons a s$rt)alsaton of
+)'an s$eec+ s ben& $)s+ed on1 and o)r 2ocab)lar"1 based as t s on +i,
GPP- concrete obDects and drect sensatons1 s refned for t+e e#$resson of
$+loso$+cal t+o)&+t. B)t t+s s as t+o)&+ one 8ere to tr" to c+$ flnt
arro8C+eads nto raNorsG nor can 8e 8onder f o)r s)$ral'nal
'an$)laton lea2es )s 8t+ an nstr)'ent less and less ca$able of
e#$ressn& t+e &ro8n& co'$le#t" of o)r 8+ole $s"c+cal ben&.
3(+ . 6+at t+en1 8e 'a" as31 s t+e attt)de and +abt of t+e s)bl'nal
self l3el" to be 8t+ re&ard to lan&)a&eW Is t not $robable t+at ot+er for's
of s"'bols' 'a" retan a &reater $ro$ortonal '$ortance a'on& t+ose
s)b'er&ed 'ental o$eratons 8+c+ +a2e not been s"ste'atsed for t+e
con2enence of co'')ncaton 8t+ ot+er 'enW
I t+n3 t+at an ntell&ent st)d" of 2s)al and 'otor a)to'ats' 8ll
afford )s s)ffcent $roof t+at s"'bols'1 at an" rate $ctoral s"'bols'1
beco'es ncreasn&l" '$ortant as 8e &et at t+e contents of t+ose +dden
strata. Tele$at+c 'essa&es1 es$ecall"1 8+c+ for'1 as 8e s+all see1 t+e
s$ecal $rero&at2e or c+aracterstc of s)bl'nal co'')ncaton1 see' to
be con2e"ed b" 2a&)e '$resson or b" n8ard or e#ternalsed $ct)re
oftener t+an b" artc)late s$eec+. %nd I 'a" so far antc$ate later
dsc)sson of automatic #ritings (8+et+er selfCns$red or tele$at+c)1 as to
$ont o)t a c)ro)s ln&)stc E)alt" 8+c+ al'ost all s)c+ 8rtn&s s+are.
T+e 'essa&es9 of a n)'ber of a)to'atsts1 ta3en at rando'1 8ll be s)re to
rese'ble eac+ ot+er ')c+ 'ore closel" t+an do t+e s)$ral'nal 8rtn&s of
t+e sa'e $ersons. X)te a$art fro' t+er &eneral corres$ondence n ideas
8+c+ belon&s to anot+er branc+ of o)r s)bDectt+ere s a'on& t+e
a)to'atc 8rtn&s of E)te nde$endent a)to'atsts a re'ar3able
corres$ondence of lterar" st"le. T+ere s a certan E)alt" 8+c+ re'nds
one of a transation, or of t+e co'$ostons of a $erson 8rtn& n a
lan&)a&e 8+c+ +e s not acc)sto'ed to tal3. T+ese c+aracterstcs a$$ear at
once n a)to'atc scr$t1 e2en of t+e nco+erent 3ndG t+e" $ersst 8+en
t+ere s no lon&er an" drea'Cl3e nco+erenceG t+e" are eE)all" 'ar3ed1
e2en 8+en1 as often +a$$ens1 t+e a)to'atc scr$t s)r$asses n ntell&ence1
and e2en n ts o8n 3nd of eloE)ence1 t+e $rod)cts of t+e 8a3n& or
s)$ral'nal 'nd.
%nd sde b" sde and nterc)rrent 8t+ t+ese 8rtten 'essa&es co'e
t+ose stran&e 'eann&less arabesE)es 8+c+ +a2e been ba$tNed as s$rtC
dra8n&s9t+o)&+ t+e" rarel" s+o8 an" clear trace of t+e o$eraton of an
e#ternal ntell&ence. Instances of t+s for' of a)to'ats' are descrbed n a
boo3 called Spirit *ra#ingsV a &ersona Narrative, b" 6. /. 6l3nson1
so'e acco)nt of 8+c+ s &2en n %$$end# )11 A (Vol. II.). T+ese
co'$le# and fancf)l co'$ostonsoften absol)tel" a)to'atca$$ear to
'e l3e a sta''ern& or r)d'entar" s"'bols'G as t+o)&+ t+e s)bl'nal
ntell&ence 8ere str2n& to e#$ress tself t+ro)&+ a 2e+cle $er+a$s 'ore
con&enal to ts +abts t+an artc)late lan&)a&e.
3(, . Ret)rnn&1 t+en1 fro' t+ese ll)stratons dra8n fro' act)al
automatism to o)r $ro$er s)bDect of genius,t+at +a$$" '#t)re of
s)bl'nal 8t+ s)$ral'nal fac)lt"8e 'a" as3 o)rsel2es n 8+at 3nd of
s)bl'nal +i,GPG- )$r)s+ t+s +dden +abt of 8der s"'bols'1 of selfC
co'')non be"ond t+e l'ts of s$eec+1 8ll be l3el" to 'anfest tself
abo2e t+e consco)s t+res+old.
T+e ob2o)s ans8er to t+s E)eston les n t+e one 8ord %rt. T+e
ns$raton of %rt of all 3nds conssts n t+e n2enton of $recsel" s)c+ a
8der s"'bols' as +as been abo2e ad)'brated. I a' not s$ea3n&1 of
co)rse1 of s"'bols' of a forced and 'ec+ancal 3nds"'bols'
des&ned and elaborated as s)c+b)t rat+er of t+at $reCe#stent b)t +dden
concordance bet8een 2sble and n2sble t+n&s1 bet8een 'atter and
t+o)&+t1 bet8een t+o)&+t and e'oton1 8+c+ t+e $lastc arts1 and ')sc1
and $oetr"1 do eac+ n t+er o8n s$ecal feld dsco2er and 'anfest for
+)'an 8sdo' and Do".
In )sn& t+ese 8ords1 I ')st re$eat1 I a' far fro' ado$tn& t+e for')lF
of an" s$ecal sc+ool. T+e s"'bols' of 8+c+ I s$ea3 '$les not+n& of
'"stcs'. !or ndeed1 n '" 2e81 can t+ere be an" real &)lf or dee$
d2son bet8een soCcalled realstc and dealstc sc+ools. %ll t+at e#sts s
contn)o)sG nor can %rt s"'bolse an" one as$ect of t+e )n2erse 8t+o)t
also '$lctl" s"'bolsn& as$ects 8+c+ le be"ond.
3(' . %nd t+)s n t+e %rts 8e +a2e s"'bols' at e2er" sta&e of
trans$arenc" and obsc)rt"G fro' s"'bols's 8+c+ 'erel" s)''arse
s$eec+ to s"'bols's 8+c+ transcend t. (o'et'es1 as 8t+ /)sc1 t s
8orse t+an )seless to $ress for too close an nter$retaton. /)sc 'arc+es1
and 8ll 'arc+ for e2er1 t+ro)&+ an deal and )n'a&nable 8orld. -er
'elod" 'a" be a '&+t" s"'bols'1 b)t t s a s"'bols' to 8+c+ 'an
+as lost t+e 3e". Poetr"5s 'ateral1 on t+e ot+er +and1 s t+e 2er" lan&)a&e
8+c+ s+e 8o)ld fan transcend. B)t +er )tterance ')st be s)bl'nal and
s"'bolc1 f t s to be $oetr" ndeedG t ')st rse (as +as been alread"
+nted) fro' a real' $rofo)nder t+an delberate s$eec+G t ')st co'e
c+ar&ed1 as Tenn"son +as t1 8t+ t+at c+ar' n 8ords1 a c+ar' no 8ords
can &2e.9
T+s branc+1 ndeed1 of nternal a)dton1t+at 8+c+ n2ol2es
co'$le#t" rat+er t+an ntenst" of 'a&ned so)nds1offers1 so to sa"1 t+e
rc+est o$$ort)ntes for s)bl'nal 'anfestaton1t+e readest 2entC+oles
for t+e )$r)s+ of t+e +dden fre. T+e so)nds t+at rse 8t+n o)r 8a3n&
consco)sness fro' a so)rce be"ond t+e 8ll do not confne t+e'sel2es to
t+e 'ere s+a$n& of scattered sentences1t+e ar" s"llabln& of $+rases t+at
tend to no)&+t. T+ere s an n8ard consonance1 an obsc)re concent1 8+c+
for's t+e &ro)nd8or3 of Poetr" t+e fo)nt of (on&1t+e cradle fro'
8+ence t+ose s$+ereCborn +ar'ono)s ssters1 Voce and Verse19 ss)e n
$refor'ed d2nt" nto t+e co''on da". T+s s tr)e not onl" for (on&1
strctl" so ter'ed1 b)t also for Poetr" )nacco'$aned b" ')scG t+at s to
sa"1 for nterrelatons of r+"t+' and artc)laton ta3en a$art fro'
nterrelatons of $tc+1 defnte t'eCnter2als1 or t'bre. 4or t+e tr)e $oet
as Goet+e +as so'e8+ere sadt+e 'elod" of +s co'n& $oe' floats as a
selfCcreated and '$al$able entt" 8t+n +'1 before +i,GPH- 8ords +a2e
s+a$ed t+e'sel2es or t+o)&+t tself s born. (o mi son un, sad a &reater e2en
t+an Goet+e1
Io ' son )n1 c+e E)ando
%'ore s$ra1 noto1 ed n E)el 'odo
C+e delta dentro1 2o s&nfcando.9
LTransation M
%nd +ere a reflecton 'a" be 'ade 8+c+1 8+le t clears )$ (as see's
to 'e) an old conf)son1 8ll also 8ell ll)strate t+e latent ca$actes of t+e
s)bl'nal consco)snessG ts $o8er to con2e" $otent and nt'ate 'essa&es
t+ro)&+ 'ec+ans' of t+e slenderest 3nd. 6e 3no8 t+at as 8e ad2ance
fro' so)nds nonC+)'an to +)'an so)nds1 fro' so)nds nonC2ocal to so)nds
8+c+ t+e +)'an t+roat can $rod)ce1 o)r conce$ton of an" &2en so)nd
ncreasn&l" needs1 to 'a3e t co'$lete1 a 'otor as 8ell as an a)dtor"
re$resentaton 8t+n )s. O)r &ras$1 sa"1 of t+e 8ord .ondon s '$erfect f
8e cannot artc)late t+e 8ord 8t+ o)r 'nd5s 2oce as 8ell as +ear t 8t+
o)r 'nd5s ear.
In all defnte n8ard a)dton t+ere s1 t+en1 $robabl" a 'otor ele'ent
as 8ell as a sensor". %nd I +old t+at one dfference bet8een 'a&ned
$oetr" and 'a&ned ')sc or son& les n t+e fact t+at 'a&ned 2erbal
r+"t+' 'a" be al'ost 8+oll" 'otor1 8+le 'a&ned t)nes ')st be lar&el"
sensor" as 8ell. To t+ose1 t+en1 8+o are $er$le#ed at t+e fact t+at 'an"
$oets +a2e lac3ed ')scal ear t 'a" be ans8ered t+at t+e 'ental 'a&er"
of s)c+ $oets 'a" +a2e been 'anl" 'otleG'a" +a2e conssted n a
delcate 'a&naton of s)c+ lar"n&eal 'o2e'ents as are concerned n t+e
)tterance of 'elodo)s s$eec+. I bele2e t+at 8t+ caref)l selfCobser2aton
'an" 'en 8t+ an ear for 2erse9 8ll reco&nse t+at t+e essental $art of
$oetc e#ctaton +as lan n scarcel" $erce$tble c+an&es of tenson n t+e
')scles of t+e t+roat. T+e r+"t+'cal 'od)latons1 ndeed1 +a2e t+er brt+
be"ond t+e 8llG b)t t s abo)t t+at $+"scal centre of 'a&ned )tterance
t+at t+e e'otonal stress 8ll &at+er and t+e ne#$lcable $ro'$tn&s t+ron&G
t+ro)&+ t+at 'otor c+annel t+e re2erberatn& tre'ors rse and fallGand
flood t+e flats of co''on consco)sness as 8t+ t+e eart+E)a3eC8a2e of an
)nfat+o'ed sea.
%nd t+ere s "et anot+er and e2en stran&er for' of n8ard a)dton.
T+ere e#sts a'on& 'en a '&+t" co'$le# of conce$tons 8+c+ le a$art
fro'so'e sa" be"ondartc)late s$eec+ and reasoned t+o)&+t. T+ere s
a 'arc+ and )$rsn& t+ro)&+ deal s$aces 8+c+ so'e +old as t+e onl" tr)e
ascentG t+ere s an arc+tect)re 8+c+ so'e co)nt as alone abdn&1
seen& t s b)lt
Of ')sc1 t+erefore ne2er b)lt at all1
%nd1 t+erefore1 b)lt for e2er.9
6+et+er consdered n re&ard to ts de2elo$'ent n t+e race1 or to ts
act2t" n t+e nd2d)al1 /)sc rese'bles not so ')c+ a $rod)ct of terrene
needs and of nat)ral selecton as a s)bl'nal ca$act" attann& to +i,GPI-
an accdental 'anfestaton nde$endentl" of t+e reE)re'ents or of t+e
e#ternal st')l of t+e s)$ral'nal self. 6e 3no8 t+e dffc)lt" of
e#$lann& ts rse on an" c)rrent t+eor" of t+e e2ol)ton of +)'an fac)lt".
6e 3no8 t+at t s l3e so'et+n& dsco2ered1 not l3e so'et+n&
'an)fact)redGl3e 8ne fo)nd n a 8alledC)$ cellar1 rat+er t+an l3e
f)rnt)re 'ade n t+e 8or3s+o$ abo2e. %nd t+e s)bDect2e sensatons of t+e
')scan +'self accord 8t+ t+s 2e8 of t+e essentall" s)bl'nal
c+aracter of t+e &ft 8t+ 8+c+ +e deals. In no drecton s &en)s9 or
ns$raton9 'ore essental to tr)e s)ccess. It s not fro' caref)l $orn&
o2er t+e ')t)al relatons of ')scal notes t+at t+e 'aster$eces of 'elod"
+a2e been born. T+e" +a2e co'e as t+e" ca'e to /oNart8+ose oftenC
E)oted 8ords I need not cte a&ann an )$r)s+ of )ns)''oned a)dton1
of )n$re'edtated and selfCre2ealn& Do". T+e" +a2e co'e1 as to Bro8nn&5s
%bt Vo&ler1 8t+ a sense of rreco2erable co''n&ln& of de$t+s of so)l
and +e&+ts of +ea2en.
*
Translatn& t+e $+rases of $oetr" nto s)c+ ter's as
8e +ere e'$lo"1 8e 'a" sa" t+at 8e +a2e reac+ed a $ont 8+ere t+e
s)bl'nal )$r)s+ s felt b" t+e s)$ral'nal $ersonalt" to be dee$er1 tr)er1
'ore $er'anent t+an t+e $rod)cts of 2ol)ntar" t+o)&+t.
-ere1 too1 8e ')st d8ell for a 'o'ent )$on anot+er and +&+er 3nd of
nternal 2s)alsaton. I +a2e s$o3en of t+e art+'etcal $rod&" as
$ossessn& a 3nd of nternal blac3board1 on 8+c+ +e nscrbes 8t+ ease
and $er'anence +s 'a&nar" 'e'oranda. B)t blac3boards are not t+e
onl" s)rfaces on 8+c+ nscr$tons can be 'ade. T+ere are ot+er 'en
$rod&es of a dfferent order8+ose nternal tabua s not of blac3ened
8ood1 b)t of can2as or of 'arbleG 8+ose nscr$tons are not ro8s of %rabc
n)'erals1 b)t l2n& lnes of colo)r1 or c)r2es of breat+n& stone. E2en t+e
'ost realstc art s so'et+n& 'ore t+an transcr$t and calc)latonG and for
art5s +&+er 'a&nat2e ac+e2e'ents t+ere ')st needs be 'o'ents of
n8ard dealsaton 8+en 2sble bea)t" see's b)t t+e to3en and s"'bol of
bea)t" )nre2ealedG 8+en Pra#teles ')st dra8 fro' +s o8n +eart t+e
arc+et"$e of t+e Eros t+at +e 'ade9G 8+en Tntoret ')st feel 8t+
-eraclt)s t+at 8+atsoe2er 8e see 8a3n& s b)t deadness1 and 8+atsoe2er
slee$n&1 s b)t drea'.9
3(* . B)t 8+en 8e reac+ t+s $ont 8e +a2e be&)n (as I sa") to
transcend t+e s$ecal $ro2nce to 8+c+1 n C+a$ter I.1 I ass&ned t+e ttle of
genius. I t+ere $onted o)t t+at t+e nfl)ence of t+e s)bl'nal on t+e
s)$ral'nal '&+t con2enentl" be d2ded )nder t+ree 'an +eads. 6+en
+i,GPJ- t+e s)bl'nal 'entaton coCo$erates 8t+ and s)$$le'ents t+e
s)$ral'nal1 8t+o)t c+an&n& t+e a$$arent $+ase of $ersonalt"1 8e +a2e
genius. 6+en s)bl'nal o$eratons c+an&e t+e a$$arent $+ase of
$ersonalt" fro' t+e state of 8a3n& n t+e drecton of trance1 8e +a2e
hypnotism. 6+en t+e s)bl'nal 'entaton forces tself )$ t+ro)&+ t+e
s)$ral'nal1 8t+o)t a'al&a'aton1 as n cr"stalC2son1 a)to'atc 8rtn&1
&c.1 8e +a2e sensory or motor automatism . In accordance 8t+ t+s
defnton1 t+e content of t+e ns$ratons of &en)s s s)$$osed to be of t+e
sa'e &eneral t"$e as t+e content of ordnar" t+o)&+t. 6e +a2e re&arded
&en)s as cr"stallsn& fl)d deasG or1 f "o) 8ll1 as concentratn& and
t+ro8n& )$8ards n ts clear fo)ntan a 'aNe of s)bterranean strea's. B)t
8e +a2e not re&arded t as 'odf"n&1 n s)c+ o$eraton1 t+e ordnar" alert
8a3ef)lness of t+e t+n3er1 nor as $ro2dn& +' 8t+ an" fres+ 3no8led&e1
obtanable b" s)$ernor'al 'et+ods alone.
It s $lan1 +o8e2er1 t+at s)c+ dstnctons as t+ose 8+c+ I +a2e dra8n
bet8een &en)s1 trance1 a)to'ats'1 cannot $ossbl" be r&d or absol)te.
T+e" are dstnctons 'ade for con2enence bet8een dfferent $+ases of
8+at ')st reall" be a contn)o)s $rocessna'el"1 t+e nfl)ence of t+e (elf
belo8 t+e t+res+old )$on t+e (elf abo2e t. Bet8een eac+ of t+ese defnte
$+ases all 3nds of connectons and nter'edate sta&es ')st s)rel" e#st.
Connectons bet8een trance and automatism, ndeed1 are ob2o)s
eno)&+. T+e dffc)lt" +as rat+er lan n t+er clear se$araton. Trance1 8+en
+abt)al1 s $rett" s)re to lead to a)to'atc s$eec+ or 8rtn&. %)to'ats'1
8+en $rolon&ed1 s s'larl" a$t to nd)ce a state of trance.
T+e ln3s bet8een :enius and t+ese co&nate states are of a less
cons$c)o)s 3nd. T+e" do1 +o8e2er1 e#st n s)c+ 2aret" as to confr' n
'ar3ed fas+on t+e analo&es s)&&ested abo2e.
3() . %nd frst1 as to t+e connecton bet8een &en)s and a)to'ats'1
one 'a" sa" t+at D)st as an&er s a bref 'adness1 so t+e flas+ of Gen)s s
essentall" a bref a)to'ats'.
6ords8ort+5s 'o'ents of ns$raton1 8+en1 as +e sa"s1
(o'e lo2el" 'a&e n t+e son& rose )$
4)llCfor'ed1 l3e Ven)s rsn& fro' t+e sea19
8ere n effect 'o'ents of a)to'atc )tteranceG albet of )tterance +eld fast
n ''edate coo$eraton 8t+ t+e s')ltaneo)s 8or3n&s of t+e
s)$ral'nal self. ()c+ a s)dden $oetc creaton1 l3e t+e calc)latn& bo"5s
anno)nce'ent of t+e $rod)ct of t8o n)'bers1 rese'bles t+e s)dden r)s+ of
$lanc+ette or $encl1 n +aste to scra8l so'e lon&C8s+edCfor 8ord.
!o8 e#tend t+s 'o'entar" a)to'ats' a lttle f)rt+er. 6e co'e t+en
to 8+at s called t+e fac)lt" of '$ro2saton. -o8 ')c+ s 'eant b" t+s
ter'W Is t+e e#te'$ore oraton1 t+e )n$re'edtated la"19 n tr)t+ a
s)bl'nal $rod)ctW or +a2e 8e to do 'erel" 8t+ t+e ra$d e#ercse of
ordnar" $o8ersW
+i,GPK-
In t+e frst $lace1 t s clear t+at ')c+ of 8+at s called '$ro2saton s a
'atter of 'e'or". T+e soCcalled secondar" a)to'ats' 8+c+ enables t+e
$anst to $la" a 3no8n $ece 8t+o)t consco)s attenton $asses easl" nto
'$ro2satons 8+c+ t+e $la"er +'self 'a" &en)nel" acce$t as or&nalG
b)t 8+c+ reall" consst of re'e'bered fra&'ents )nted b" con2entonal
ln3s of connecton. T+)s also t+e orator1 t+n3n& on +s le&s19 tr)sts
+'self at frst to t+e a)to'atc re$etton of a fe8 stoc3 $+rases1 b)t
&rad)all" fnds t+at lon& $erods flo8 )nforeseen and )nre'e'bered fro'
+s ton&)e.
6e t+)s &et be"ond t+e ran&e of stereot"$ed s"ner&es1 of +abt)atons
of $artc)lar &ro)$s of ner2eCcentres to co''on acton. T+ere s so'e
ada$tablt" and n2entonG so'e ne8 $at+s are tra2ersedG adD)st'ents are
'ade for 8+c+ no 'ere rec)rrence to old $recedents 8ll s)ffce.
T+e $roble' +ere rese'bles t+at 8ellC3no8n dffc)lt" of e#$lann&
8+at &oes on d)rn& t+e restoraton or s)bstt)ton9 of f)ncton after an
nD)r" to t+e bran. In t+at case1 t+e branCele'ents 8+c+ re'an )nnD)red
slo8l" ass)'e f)nctons 8+c+ t+e" a$$arentl" ne2er e#ercsed before1
rearran&n& $at+s of cerebral co'')ncaton n order to &et t+e old
effcenc" o)t of t+e da'a&ed and d'ns+ed branC'ateral. T+s reco2er"
s not ra$d l3e an e#te'$orsaton1 b)t &rad)al1 l3e a +ealn& or reC&ro8t+1
and t t+erefore does not s)&&est an ntell&ent control so ')c+ as a
$+"solo&cal $rocess1 l3e t+e reCb)ddn& on a certan $reordaned $attern
of t+e se2ered cla8 of a crab. Of co)rse t+s restoraton of branCf)nctons s
ne#$lcable1 as all &ro8t+ s at $resent ne#$lcable. 6e 'a" call t ndeed
8t+ so'e reason t+e +&+est $rocess of +)'an &ro8t+. (o 2e8ed1 t for's
a 3nd of 'ddle ter' bet8een ordnar" &ro8t+ of bone or ')scle1 al8a"s
on a $redeter'ned $lan1 and t+at s)dden creaton of ne8 cerebral
connectons or $at+8a"s 8+c+ s '$led n an ns$raton of &en)s. ()c+
a D)#ta$oston need not 8ea3en '" cla' t+at t+e ns$ratons of &en)s
re$resent a coCo$erant strea' of s)b'er&ed 'entaton1 f)ll" as de2elo$ed n
ts o8n 8a" as t+e 'entaton of 8+c+ 8e are consco)s abo2e t+e
t+res+old. T+e nat)re and de&ree of s)bl'nal fac)lt" ')st of co)rse be
D)d&ed b" ts +&+est 'anfestatons. %nd t+s analo&" bet8een t+e +dden
o$eratons of genius and of gro#th 8o)ld rat+er s)$$ort 'e n re&ardn&
or&anc &ro8t+ also as controlled b" so'et+n& of ntell&ence or 'e'or"1
8+c+ )nder fttn& condtonsas n t+e +"$notc trance'a" be nd)ced
to coCo$erate 8t+ t+e 8a3n& 8ll.
3(9 . T+e talent of '$ro2saton1 8+c+ s)&&ested t+ese analo&es1 8ll
so'et'es act ')c+ 'ore $ersstentl" t+an n t+e case of t+e orator or t+e
')scan. T+ere s reason to bele2e (bot+ fro' nternal st"le and fro'
act)al state'ents) t+at t $la"s a lar&e $art n 'a&nat2e lterat)re e2en of
t+e 'ore co''on$lace 3nd. %nd n one nstance at least t+e improvising
diathesis , so to ter' t1 +as &2en brt+ to a 'ass of lterat)re 8+c+ for'ed
for a &eneraton one of t+e 'ost $otent e'otonal ele'ents n E)ro$ean
t+o)&+t. One needs to 3no8 Geor&e (and5s lfe and 8rtn&s +i,GPL- 8ell
before one can 2ent)re to dscr'nate n +er selfCre2elatons bet8een t+e
n&eno)sl" false and t+e nad2el"1 trans$arentl" tr)e. /" o8n belef s t+at1
e#ce$t n certan cases 8+ere s+e +ad an )r&ent 'ot2e for false+ood n selfC
defence1 s+e s al'ost as 2eraco)s an ntros$ect2e $s"c+olo&st as
6ords8ort+ +'self. Varo)s $assa&es fro' +er lfeC+stor"1 one or t8o of
8+c+ re$resent I bele2e act)al fact1 are corroborated1 or at least not
contradcted1 b" t+e state'ents of ot+er $ersons fa'lar 8t+ +er 'et+ods
of 8or3n&. If ta3en as acc)rate1 t+e" re2eal an )n)s)al 2&o)r and fertlt"
of lterar" o)tflo8 &on& on n an al'ost drea'Cl3e condtonG a condton
'd8a" bet8een t+e act)al n2ent2e drea's of R. L. (te2enson and t+e
consco)s labo)r of an ordnar" 'an5s co'$oston. Or anot+er $arallel
8o)ld be t+e da"Cdrea'n& +abtG 8+c+1 as s 8ell 3no8n1 +as led n so'e
'orbd cases to a be8ldern& conf)son bet8een t+e act)al and t+e
'a&nar" lfe.
Geor&e (and5s career 8as not 8t+o)t 'oral fa)ltsG b)t t+e" 8ere t+e
fa)lts1 not of a 'orbd1 b)t of a $re$otent or&ansatonG and t+e" belon&ed1
'oreo2er1 al'ost 8+oll" to +er earl" lfe. T+ro)&+o)t lon& "ears of +ealt+"
'at)rt" and a&e s+e for'ed a str3n& e#a'$le of t+e co'bnaton of
enor'o)s 'a&nat2e $rod)ct2eness 8t+ n8ard tranE)llt" and
'edtat2e cal'. 6+at Geor&e (and felt n t+e act of co'$oston 8as a
contn)o)s and effortless flo8 of deas1 so'et'es 8t+ and so'et'es
8t+o)t an a$$arent e0ternaisation of t+e c+aracters 8+o s$o3e n +er
ro'ances. T)rnn& no8 to anot+er a)t+or1 as sane and al'ost as $otent as
Geor&e (and +erself1 8e fnd a $+eno'enon 8+c+ 8o)ld +a2e s)&&ested to
)s act)al nsant" f obser2ed n a 'nd less rob)st and effcent. If t+e
all)sons to t+e a$$arent nde$endence of ,c3ens5s c+aracters 8+c+ are
scattered t+ro)&+ +s letters be read 8t+ o)r related facts n 2e81 t 8ll no
lon&er be t+o)&+t t+at t+e" are ntended as a '"stfcaton. /rs. Ga'$1 +s
&reatest creaton1 s$o3e to +'1 +e tells )s (&enerall" n c+)rc+)1 as 8t+ an
n8ard 'ontor" 2oce.
330 . %nd note f)rt+er t+at as scentfc ntros$ecton de2elo$s 8e are
l3el" to rece2e f)ller acco)nts of t+ese conc)rrent 'ental $rocesses1 t+ese
$artal e#ternalsatons of t+e creat)res of t+e ro'ancer5s bran. One s)c+
acco)nt1 bot+ defnte and elaborate1 +as been $)bls+ed b" /. Bnet n
.QAnn;e &sychoogique for *A@<1 and I s)''arse t +ere.
*
/. de C)rel1 a 4renc+ dra'atst of dstncton1 8+le a$$arentl" E)te
)na8are of t+e $+eno'ena descrbed et+er b" ,c3ens or b" (te2enson1
does ne2ert+eless carr" t+e 8a3n& e#$erences of t+e one to a $ont 8+ere
t+e" closel" a$$roac+ t+e drea'Ce#$erences of t+e ot+er. /. de C)rel5s
$ersona&es1 after a $erod of $anf)l nc)baton1 see' to ass)'e an
nde$endent t"$eG t+e" carr" on t+er con2ersatons nde$endentl" of +s
8ll1 nor need +e e2en 3ee$ +s attenton f#ed on t+e'. T+e $rocess of
n2enton t+)s contn)es 8t+o)t consco)s fat&)e. 6e are +ere re'nded
+i,GPM- of certan $erfor'ances )nder +"$notc s)&&eston1 8+ere 'ental or
bodl" feats1 as $la"Cactn&1 are acco'$ls+ed 8t+o)t effort or e#+a)ston.
/. de C)rel s an n&eno)s and refned1 f not a 8del" $o$)lar
dra'atst. -s 8or3 s of a s)ffcentl" +&+ class to &2e real nterest to +s
caref)l and sero)s anal"ss of +s 'et+ods1 or rat+er +s e#$erences 8+le
8or3n&.
-e be&ns n an ordnar" 8a"1 or 8t+ e2en 'ore t+an t+e )s)al de&ree
of dffc)lt" and dstress n &ettn& nto +s s)bDect. T+en &rad)all" +e
be&ns to feel t+e creaton of a n)'ber of E)asC$ersonaltes 8t+n +'G
t+e c+aracters of +s $la"1 8+o speaB to +'Ge#actl" as ,c3ens )sed to
descrbe /rs. Ga'$ as s$ea3n& to +' n c+)rc+. T+ese $ersona&es are not
clearl" 2sble1 b)t t+e" see' to 'o2e ro)nd +' n a scenesa" a +o)se
and &arden8+c+ +e also d'l" $erce2es1 so'e8+at as 8e $erce2e t+e
scene of a drea'. -e no8 no lon&er +as t+e feeln& of co'$oston1 of
creaton1 b)t 'erel" of lterar" re2sonG t+e $ersona&es s$ea3 and act for
t+e'sel2es1 and e2en f +e s nterr)$ted 8+le 8rtn&1 or 8+en +e s aslee$
at n&+t1 t+e $la" contn)es to co'$ose tself n +s +ead. (o'et'es 8+le
o)t s+ootn&1 &c.1 and not t+n3n& of t+e $la"1 +e +ears sentences rsn&
8t+n +' 8+c+ belon& to a $art of t+s $la" 8+c+ +e +as not "et reac+ed.
-e bele2es t+at s)bl'nall" t+e $ece +as been 8or3ed o)t to t+at f)rt+er
$ont alread". /. de C)rel calls t+ese 'nor d)$lcatons of $ersonalt" a
bourgeonnement or b)ddn& of +s $r'ar" $ersonalt"Gnto 8+c+ t+e"
&rad)all"1 t+o)&+ not 8t+o)t so'e $anf)l str)&&le1 reCenter after t+e $la"
s fns+ed.
It 8ll be seen t+at t+s acco)nt1contrb)ted as sero)s e2dence1 as /.
Bnet5s lon& artcle s+o8s1s t+oro)&+l" concordant 8t+ se2eral ot+er
cases alread" 3no8n to )s. It co'es 'd8a" bet8een (te2enson5s drea's
and t+e +"sterc5s id;es $i0es.
/. de C)rel5s nsstent deas are selfCs)&&ested. 7)st t+at $o8er of
cr"stallsn& ro)nd a n)cle)s 8+c+1 8+en +"stercall" started1 'a3es t+e
id;e obs;dante,'a3es1 8+en s)$ral'nall" started and 8ell drected1 t+e
l2n& $ersona&e of t+e $la".
331 . I +a2e t+)s far endea2o)red to s+o8 t+at Gen)s re$resents not
onl" t+e cr"stallsaton of deas alread" e#stn& n floatn& for' n t+e
s)$ral'nal ntell&ence1 b)t also an nde$endent1 alt+o)&+ conc)rrent1
strea' of 'entaton1 s$readn& often to 8der ran&e1 alt+o)&+ stll
concerned 8t+ 'atters n t+e'sel2es co&nsable b" t+e nor'al ntell&ence.
Let )s $roceed to $)s+ t+e nE)r" a ste$ f)rt+er. It +as been cla'ed n
t+s 8or3 for s)bl'nal )$r)s+es &enerall" t+at t+e" often contan
3no8led&e 8+c+ no ordnar" 'et+od of researc+ co)ld acE)re. Is t+s
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e8e o)&+t no8 to as3e2er re$resented n t+e
)$r)s+es to 8+c+ 8e &2e t+e na'e of Gen)sW
6+at s t+e relaton1 n s+ort1 of t+e 'an of Gen)s to t+e senst2eW
If t+e 'an of Gen)s be1 as I +a2e )r&ed1 on t+e 8+ole t+e co'$letest
t"$e of +)'ant"1 and f t+e senst2e5s s$ecal &ft be n tself one of t+e +i,
GPN- 'ost ad2anced for's of +)'an fac)lt"1 o)&+t not t+e ns$ratons of
&en)s to brn& 8t+ t+e' flas+es of s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e as nt'ate as
t+ose 8+c+ t+e senst2e$er+a$s n ot+er res$ects a co''on$lace $erson
fro' t'e to t'e s $r2le&ed to rece2eW
(o'e re'ar3able nstances of t+s 3nd )ndo)btedl" do e#st. T+e 'ost
cons$c)o)s and 'ost '$ortant of all cannot1 fro' 'ot2es of re2erence1
be +ere dsc)ssed. !or 8ll I d8ell )$on ot+er fo)nders of rel&ons1 or on
certan tradtonal sants or sa&es. B)t a'on& +storcal c+aracters of t+e
frst 'ar3 t+e na'es of (ocrates and of 7oan of %rc are eno)&+ to cte. I
s+all tr" n a later c+a$ter to s+o8 t+at t+e 'ontons of t+e ,F'on of
(ocrates1t+e s)bl'nal self of a 'an of transcendent &en)s1+a2e n all
$robablt" been descrbed to )s 8t+ lteral tr)t+J and dd n fact con2e" to
t+at &reat $+loso$+er $recsel" t+e 3nd of telFst+etc or $reco&nt2e
nfor'aton 8+c+ for's t+e senst2e5s $r2le&e toda". 6e +a2e t+)s n
(ocrates t+e deal )nfcaton of +)'an $o8ers.
It ')st1 +o8e2er1 be ad'tted t+at s)c+ co'$lete )nfcaton s not t+e
&eneral r)le for 'en of &en)sG t+at t+er ns$ratons &enerall" sto$ s+ort of
tele$at+" or of telFst+esa. I t+n3 8e 'a" e#$lan t+s l'taton so'e8+at
as follo8s. T+e 'an of &en)s s 8+at +e s b" 2rt)e of $ossessn& a reader
co'')ncaton t+an 'ost 'en $ossess bet8een +s s)$ral'nal and +s
s)bl'nal self. 4ro' +s s)bl'nal self1 +e can onl" dra8 8+at t alread"
$ossessesG and 8e ')st not ass)'e as a 'atter of co)rse t+at t+e s)bl'nal
re&on of an" one of )s $ossesses t+at $artc)lar senst2t"t+at s$ecfc
trans$arenc"8+c+ can rece2e and re&ster de$inite $acts fro' t+e )nseen.
That 'a" be a &ft 8+c+ stands as ')c+ alonen nde$endence of ot+er
&fts or fac)ltesn t+e s)bl'nal re&on1 as sa"1 a $erfect ')scal ear n
t+e s)$ral'nal. T+e 'an of &en)s 'a" dra8 ')c+ fro' t+ose +dden
8ells of ben& 8t+o)t seen& reflected t+eren an" act)al $+"scal scene n
t+e )n2erse be"ond +s ordnar" 3en.
%nd "et net+er ')st 8e +astl" ass)'e t+at beca)se t+e 'an of &en)s
&ets no de$inite '$resson of a 8orld be"ond o)r senses +e does not
t+erefore &et an" true '$resson1 8+c+ s all +s o8n.
I bele2e1 on t+e contrar"1 t+at tr)e1 t+o)&+ 2a&)e1 '$ressons of a
8orld be"ond t+e ran&e of sense are act)all" rece2edI do not sa" b" all
'en of &en)s1 b)t b" 'en of &en)s of certan t"$es.
33( . Certan 2er" '$ortant t"$es of &en)s1 ndeed1t+ose1 for
nstance1 concerned 8t+ n)'bers1 for's1 and so)nds1do not see'
+abt)all" to tend to8ards t+e a$$re+enson of dee$er as$ects of t+e cos'c
'"ster". Or $er+a$s I o)&+t rat+er to sa" t+at t+e mathematician, on t+e one
+and1 s )nl3el" to &2e e#$resson to an" s)c+ s)$ernor'al nt'atons1
8+le t+e painter and t+e musician, on t+e ot+er +and1 co''and acts of
e#$resson so s)btl" and obsc)rel" s)&&est2e1 t+at t s +ard for t+e 'ere
onloo3er to nfer 8+at t+e artst5s o8n s$rt)al attt)de 'a" n fact +a2e
been. ,ee$l" nterestn&1 t+erefore1 as s)c+ dsc)ssons 'a" be
dsc)ssons as to 8+at 8as t+e n8ard e#$erence of a Ra$+ael or a +i,GPO-
Beet+o2ent+e content of t+at e#$erence ')st at $resent be too )ncertan
for an" $s"c+olo&cal anal"ss1 s)c+ as 8e 8s+ to 'a3e +ere1 of ts
2ertable truth,of ts tr)st8ort+ness as act)al ns&+t nto a s$rt)al
8orld.
It 8o)ld see'1 t+en1 t+at for an" 2ald a$$recaton of 8+at I 'a" call
t+e vague supernorma content of 'o'ents of ns$raton1 8e s+all +a2e to
e#a'ne a 2er" l'ted &ro)$ of 'en of &en)s. C+efl"1 $er+a$s1 of t+e
$+loso$+er and t+e $oet ')st 8e needs feel t+at f an" &en)s reac+es o)t
nto an nter$enetratn& s$rt)al 8orld1 theirs ')st do soG t+at they o)&+t to
+a2e so'e 'essa&e corroboratn&1 e2en t+o)&+ b)t n 2a&)e &eneral
fas+on1 t+e res)lts to 8+c+ senst2es +a2e been led b" a $laner1 f a
narro8er1 8a".
E2en a'on& t+s s'all class1 +o8e2er1 o)r c+oce of nstr)ct2e
e#a'$les s stll f)rt+er l'ted. 4e8 $+loso$+ers +a2e been 'en of &en)s
n t+e sense n 8+c+ 8e are )sn& t+e 8ord n t+e $resent c+a$terG and fe8
$oets +a2e s$o3en 8t+ eno)&+ of 8e&+t and sncert" to 'a3e t+er
test'on" to s)bDect2e 'oods 8ort+ E)otn& n sero)s ar&)'ent. Yet t
')st be 'anl" n t+e 8or3s of $oets of $rono)nced s)bDect2e t"$erat+er
t+an n e$os or dra'at+at $assa&es to )s nstr)ct2e are l3el" to be fo)nd.
333 . I s+all not atte'$t an ant+olo&" of s)c+ $assa&es. 6e all 3no8
t+at t+er &eneral tone s)$$orts1 as far as t &oes1 t+e t+ess +ere ad2ancedJ
na'el"1 t+at 'o'ents of $oetcal ns$raton are a$t to be 'o'ents also of
so'e sense of ns&+t or entrance nto a s)$ernal 8orld. /ost $oets +a2e
been PlatonstsG t+er nfl)ence tends to s8ell t+at ancent strea' of
dealstc t+o)&+t 8+c+ les at t+e root of all c2lsed rel&ons.
4or o)r $resent $)r$oses1 +o8e2er1 one sn&le $oetal'ost one sn&le
$oe'8ll $ractcall" s)ffce. In 8+ate2er ran3 6ords8ort+ 'a" be
$laced as an artst n lan&)a&e1 t+ere can be no do)bt as to +s conscento)s
2eract" as an ntros$ect2e $s"c+olo&st. T+e Prel)de1 or Gro8t+ of a
Poet5s /nd19 +as been re&arded b" so'e crtcs as a tedo)s and e&otstcal
$oe'. B)t 8+et+er or not t s s)ted to &2e 8de $oetc $leas)re1 ts 2al)e
as a +)'an doc)'ent9 s1 for o)r $resent $)r$oses1 I 2ent)re to sa"1
)nE)e. In Goet+e ndeed1 n Bro8nn&1 n Tenn"son abo2e all1 8e fnd
ntros$ect2e $assa&es of e#tre'e nterest and bea)t". B)t no one sa2e
6ords8ort+not e2en Goet+e+as treated +s o8n fac)ltes so sero)sl"
or on so a'$le a scale. T+e Prel)de9 s a delberate1 $ersstent atte'$t to
tell t+e tr)t+1 t+e 8+ole tr)t+1 and not+n& b)t t+e tr)t+1 abo)t e#actl" t+ese
e'otons and nt)tons 8+c+ dfferentate t+e $oet fro' co''on 'en.
%nd t ')st be added1 as a D)d&'ent establs+ed abo2e t+e ebb and flo8 of
$o$)lar crtcs'1 t+at 6ords8ort+ +ad a 2ald r&+t to deal t+)s 8t+
+'self as a 3nd of t"$cal $oet. 6+et+er reco&nsed coldl" or
ent+)sastcall"1 +s $oston s sec)re.
It ')st be re'e'bered1 too1 t+at 6ords8ort+ 8as not onl" $artc)larl"
+i,GGP- an#o)s to tell t+e tr)t+ abo)t +'self1 b)t $artc)larl" capabe of
don& so. -s selfCestee' ne2er too3 t+e for' of 'a3n& +' 8s+ to a$$ear
ot+er t+an +e 8as. %s +e &en)nel" 8as1 so dd +e clearl" see +'selfG and
alt+o)&+ bot+ +s e#$erence and +s a$$recat2eness +ad sero)s
l'tatons1 "et1 fro' a $s"c+olo&cal $ont of 2e81 +s l'tatons 8ere
rat+er ad2anta&es. 6+at can 8e 8ant 'ore t+an t+s 3nd of s8orn and
)nbassed de$oston as to t+e &ro8t+ and content of a 'nd 8+c+ n s+eer
force of 8+at 8e call or&nal &en)sas dstn&)s+ed fro' s)btlet"1
acE)re'ent1 )n2ersalt"1 and so fort++as +ardl" e2er been s)r$assedW
-ere 8as a &reat 'otor force n t+e 8orld of 'ndG +o8 8as t+at force
8or3ed fro' nsdeW
Let )s be&n 8t+ t+e strctl" l'ted nE)r" fro' 8+c+ 8e started1 and
let )s consder 'erel" t+e descr$ton &2en b" t+s one $oet of t+e apparent
content of 'o'ents of $rofo)nd ns$raton. 6e fnd 6ords8ort+ nsstn&1
n t+e frst $lace1 )$on t+e distinctive character of t+s s)bl'nal )$r)s+.
-e s$ea3s of t+e +aNe 8t+n19 8+c+ beco'es
% te'$est1 a red)ndant ener&"
Ve#n& ts o8n creaton.9
Of 'a&naton9 +e sa"s (Boo3 VI.)J
T+at a8f)l Po8er rose fro' t+e 'nd5s ab"ss1
L3e an )nfat+o'ed 2a$o)r t+at en8ra$s1
%t once1 so'e lonel" tra2eller. I 8as lostG
-alted 8t+o)t an effort to brea3 t+ro)&+G
B)t to '" consco)s so)l I no8 can sa"
HI reco&nse t+" &lor"GI n s)c+ stren&t+
Of )s)r$aton1 8+en t+e l&+t of sense
Goes o)t1 b)t 8t+ a flas+ t+at +as re2ealed
T+e n2sble 8orld1 dot+ &reatness 'a3e abode.9
T+s $assa&e e#$resses n t+e lan&)a&e of $oetr" t+e 2er" relatons
bet8een t+e s)$ral'nal and t+e s)bl'nal on 8+c+ I +a2e n t+s c+a$ter
d8elt.
T+e nfl)ence rses fro' no dsco2erable so)rceG for a 'o'ent t 'a"
startle or be8lder t+e consco)s 'ndG t+en t s reco&nsed as a so)rce of
3no8led&e1 arr2n& t+ro)&+ nner 2sonG 8+le t+e acton of t+e senses s
s)s$ended n a 3nd of 'o'entar" trance. T+e 3no8led&e &aned1 +o8e2er1
s s'$l" a $erce$ton of t+e n2sble 8orld9G t+ere s no cla' to an"
'ore defnte re2elaton.
Concordant 8t+ t+s $assa&e are ot+er descr$tons of t+ese fleetn&
'oods of s+ado8" e#)ltaton9G t+e" bear an )n'sta3able1 t+o)&+ +ardl" a
transatabe 'essa&e. Of c+lds+ +o)rs t+e $oet sa"s (Boo3 I.)J
E2en t+en I felt
Glea's l3e t+e flas+n& of a s+eldG t+e eart+
%nd co''on face of !at)re s$a3e to 'e
Re'e'berable t+n&s.9
+i,GGG-
%nd snce t s 'anl" b" n8ard 2son t+at t+ese re'e'berable t+n&s
are n tr)t+ dscerned1 t+ere s a &ro8n& f)son bet8een s)bDect2e and
obDect2eG bet8een t+at 8+c+ s &enerated n t+e seer +'self and t+at of
8+c+ t+e 2sble )n2erse con2e"s t+e +alfCca)&+t nt'aton (Boo3 II.)J
%n a)#lar l&+t
Ca'e fro' '" 'nd1 8+c+ on t+e settn& s)n
Besto8ed ne8 s$lendo)r.9
Or at a stll f)rt+er sta&e (Boo3 II.)J
Bodl" e"es
6ere )tterl" for&otten1 and 8+at I sa8
%$$eared l3e so'et+n& n '"self1 a drea'1
% $ros$ect n t+e 'nd.9
T+)s t fares1 6ords8ort+ re$eats n a later $assa&e (Boo3 0IV.)1 8t+
'nds s)staned b" reco&nton of transcendent $o8erJ
In a 8orld of lfe t+e" l2e1
B" sensble '$ressons not ent+ralled1
B)t b" t+er E)c3enn& '$)lse 'ade 'ore $ro'$t
To +old ft con2erse 8t+ t+e s$rt)al 8orld.9
33+ . Va&)e t+o)&+ t+ese $assa&es (and ot+ers l3e t+e') 'a" be1 t+e"
ne2ert+eless carr" 'ore con2cton t+an do t+e 'ore defnte 2sons of t+e
sants and iumin;s of 2aro)s creeds. T+e sane s'$lct" of 6ords8ort+
+as been s)bDect to less of $re$ossessonG +e1 f an" 'an1 +as 3e$t +s 'nd1
as Bacon ad2sed1 concentrc to t+e )n2erseG and t+ere s not+n& n +s
re2elaton 8+c+ an" ot+er re2elaton can n2aldate or contradct.
% 2a&)e b)t &en)ne consco)sness of t+e s$rt)al en2ron'entG t+at (t
see's) s t+e de&ree of re2elaton 8+c+ artstc or $+loso$+c &en)s s
ca$able of conferrn&. s)bl'nal )$r)s+es1 n ot+er 8ords1 so far as t+e" are
ntellect)al1 tend to beco'e testhetic. T+e" brn& 8t+ t+e' ndefnte
nt'atons of 8+at I +old to be t+e &reat tr)t+ t+at t+e +)'an s$rt s
essentall" ca$able of a dee$er t+an sensoral $erce$ton1 of a drect
3no8led&e of facts of t+e )n2erse o)tsde t+e ran&e of an" s$ecalsed
or&an or of an" $lanetar" 2e8.
33, . B)t t+s concl)son $onts t+e 8a" to a s$ec)laton 'ore '$ortant
stll. TelFst+esa s not t+e onl" s$rt)al la81 nor are s)bl'nal )$r)s+es
affars of t+e ntellect alone. Be"ond and abo2e 'an5s nnate $o8er of
8orldC8de $erce$ton1 t+ere e#sts also t+at )n2ersal ln3 of s$rt 8t+
s$rt 8+c+ n ts 'nor eart+l" 'anfestatons 8e call tele$at+". O)r
s)b'er&ed fac)lt"t+e s)bl'nal )$r)s+es of &en)scan e#$and n t+at
drecton as 8ell as n t+e drecton of telFst+esa. T+e e'otonal content1
ndeed1 of t+ose )$r)s+es s e2en $rofo)nder and 'ore '$ortant t+an t+e
ntellect)alGn $ro$orton as Lo2e and Rel&on are $rofo)nder and 'ore
'$ortant t+an (cence or %rt.
+i,GGH-
T+at $r'ar" $asson1 I re$eat1 8+c+ bnds lfe to lfe1 8+c+ ln3s )s
bot+ to lfe near and 2sble and to lfe 'a&ned b)t )nseenGthat s no
'ere or&anc1 no 'ere $lanetar" '$)lse1 b)t t+e n8ard as$ect of t+e
tele$at+c la8. Lo2e and rel&on are t+)s continuous/ t+e" re$resent
dfferent $+ases of one allC$er2adn& ')t)al &ra2taton of so)ls. T+e fles+
does not conDon1 b)t dsse2erG alt+o)&+ t+ro)&+ ts 2er" se2erance t
s)&&ests a s+ado8 of t+e )non 8+c+ t cannot besto8. 6e +a2e to do +ere
net+er 8t+ a cor$oreal nor 8t+ a $)rel" +)'an e'oton Lo2e s t+e
ener&" of nte&raton 8+c+ 'a3es a Cos'os of t+e ()' of T+n&s.
B)t +ere t+ere s so'et+n& of contro2ers" to tra2erse before a re22ed
Platonc conce$ton of lo2e can +o$e to be treated b" t+e $+"solo&st as
'ore t+an a $edantc Dest. %nd nat)rall" soG snce t+ere s no e'oton
s)bl'nal o2er so 8de a ran&e of or&n1fed so obsc)rel" b" all
t+o)&+ts1 all $assons1 all del&+ts19and conseE)entl" so '"stero)s e2en
to t+e $erc$ent +'self. %t one end of ts scale lo2e s based )$on an
nstnct as $r't2e as t+e need of n)trtonG e2en f at t+e ot+er end t
beco'es1 as Plato +as t1 t+e cq 1 t+e
Inter$reter and /edator bet8een God and /an.9 T+e contro2ers" as to t+e
$lanetar" or cos'cal sco$e of t+e $asson of Lo2e s n fact central to o)r
8+ole s)bDect.
33' . It 8ll &2e clearness to t+e E)eston n ds$)te f I E)ote +ere a
stron& e#$resson of eac+ 2e8 n t)rn. 4or t+e $+"solo&cal or 'ateralst
conce$ton of t+e $asson of lo2e18+ere lo2e5s s)bl'nal ele'ent s +eld
to be of t+e or&anc t"$e1set fort+ n no l&+t or c"ncal s$rt1 b)t 8t+ t+e
'oral earnestness of a 'odern L)cret)s1 I can t)rn to no better a)t+ort"
t+an Professor Perre 7anet. T+e $assa&e 8+c+ follo8s s no 'ere boutade
or $arado#G t s a 3nd of c)l'natn& e#$resson of t+e t+eor" 8+c+
re&ards t+e s)$ral'nal 'an as t+e nor'al 'an1 and dstr)sts all dee$
dst)rbance of +s acc)sto'ed $s"c+cal ro)tne.
It s co''onl" sad t+at lo2e s a $asson to 8+c+ 'an s al8a"s lable1
and 8+c+ 'a" s)r$rse +' at an" 'o'ent of +s lfe fro' *? to =?. T+s
does not see' to 'e acc)rateG and a 'an s not t+ro)&+o)t all +s lfe and at
e2er" 'o'ent s)sce$tble of falln& n lo2e 5de devenir amoureu06. 6+en a
'an s n &ood $+"scal and 'oral +ealt+1 8+en +e +as eas" and co'$lete
co''and of all +s deas1 +e 'a" e#$ose +'self to crc)'stances t+e 'ost
ca$able of &2n& rse to a $asson1 b)t +e 8ll not feel t. -s desres 8ll be
reasonable and obedent to +s 8ll1 leadn& t+e 'an onl" so far as +e 8s+es
to &o1 and dsa$$earn& 8+en +e 8s+es to be rd of t+e'. On t+e ot+er +and
f a 'an s 'orall" belo8 t+e 'ar3 5maade au mora6,f n conseE)ence
of $+"scal fat&)e or e#cess2e ntellect)al 8or31 or of 2olent s+oc3s and
$rolon&ed sorro81 +e s e#+a)sted1 'elanc+ol"1 dstracted1 t'd1 nca$able
of controlln& +s deas1n a 8ord1 depressed,t+en +e 8ll fall n lo2e1 or
rece2e t+e &er' of so'e 3nd of $asson1 on t+e frst and 'ost tr2al
occason.Y T+e least t+n& s t+en eno)&+G t+e s&+t of so'e face1 a &est)re1
a 8ord1 8+c+ $re2o)sl" 8o)ld +a2e left )s alto&et+er ndfferent1 str3es
)s1 and +i,GGI- beco'es t+e startn&C$ont of a lon& a'oro)s 'alad". Or
'ore t+an t+s1 an obDect 8+c+ +ad 'ade no '$resson on )s1 at a 'o'ent
8+en o)r 'nd 8as +ealt+er and not ca$able of noc)laton1 'a" +a2e left
n )s so'e ns&nfcant 'e'or" 8+c+ rea$$ears n a 'o'ent of 'orbd
rece$t2t". T+at s eno)&+G t+e &er' s so8n n a fa2o)rable solG t 8ll
de2elo$ tself and &ro8.
T+ere s at frst1 as n e2er" 2r)lent 'alad"1 a $erod of nc)batonG t+e
ne8 dea $asses and re$asses n t+e 2a&)e re2eres of t+e enfeebled
consco)snessG t+en see's for a fe8 da"s to +a2e dsa$$eared and to lea2e
t+e 'nd to reco2er fro' ts $assn& tro)ble. B)t t+e dea +as done ts 8or3
belo8 t+e s)rfaceG t +as beco'e stron& eno)&+ to s+a3e t+e bod"G and to
$ro2o3e 'o2e'ents 8+ose or&n les o)tsde t+e $r'ar" consco)sness.
6+at s t+e s)r$rse of a sensble 'an 8+en +e fnds +'self $teo)sl"
ret)rnn& beneat+ t+e 8ndo8s of +s c+ar'er1 8+t+er +s 8andern& feet
+a2e ta3en +' 8t+o)t +s 3no8led&eGor 8+en n t+e 'dst of +s dal"
8or3 +e +ears +s l$s ')r')rn& $er$et)all" t+e 8ellC3no8n na'eZY()c+
s $asson n ts realt"G not as dealsed b" fantastc descr$ton1 b)t red)ced
to ts essental $s"c+olo&cal c+aracterstcs. (.QAutomatisme
&sychoogique, $. <BB.)
33* . On t+e ot+er sde I 8ll a$$eal to Plato +'self1 &2n& a bref
s3etc+ 'erel" of one of t+e leadn& $assa&es (Symposium, *@.K.*.) 8+ere
t+e Platonc conce$ton of lo2e s set fort+.
*
Plato be&ns b" reco&nsn&1 as f)ll" as $ess'st or c"nc co)ld do1 t+e
absol)te nadeE)ac" of 8+at s called on eart+ t+e satsfacton of t+s
$rofo)nd desre. Lo2ers 8+o lo2e ar&+t 8ll feel t+at no $+"scal nearness
can content t+e'1 b)t 8+at #i content t+e' t+e" cannot sa". T+er so)l19
sa"s Plato1 s 'anfestl" desrn& so'et+n& elseG and 8+at t s s+e cannot
tell1 onl" s+e dar3l" $ro$+eses t+ereof and &)esses t fro' afar. B)t f
-e$+Fst)s 8t+ +s for&n& fre 8ere to stand besde t+at $ar and sa"J HIs
t+s 8+at "e desreto be 8+oll" oneW to be to&et+er b" n&+t and da"W
for I a' read" to 'elt "o) to&et+er and to 'a3e "o) &ro8 n one1 so t+at
fro' t8o "e s+all beco'e one onl"1 and n t+s lfe s+all be )nd2ded1 and
d"n& s+all de to&et+er1 and n t+e )nder8orld s+all be a sn&le so)lGI
t+ere s no lo2er 8+o 8o)ld not ea&erl" acce$t t+e offer1 and ac3no8led&e t
as t+e e#$resson of t+e )n3no8n "earnn& and t+e f)lfl'ent of t+e ancent
need.9 %nd t+ro)&+ t+e 'o)t+ of ,ot'a1 Plato nssts t+at t s an )nfaln&
s&n of tr)e lo2e t+at ts desres are $or ever/ na"1 t+at lo2e 'a" be e2en
defned as t+e desre of t+e everasting $ossesson of t+e &ood. %nd n all
lo2e5s acts +e fnds t+e '$ress of 'an5s cra2n& for ''ortalt"1for
''ortalt" 8+ose onl" 2sble 'a&e for )s on eart+ s t+e brt+ of c+ldren
to )s as 8e o)rsel2es deca"1so t+at 8+en t+e slo8 selfCrene8al of o)r
o8n e2erc+an&n& bodes +i,GGJ- +as 8orn o)t and ceased1 8e 'a" be
rene8ed n br&+ter1 "o)n&er bodes 8+c+ 8e desre to be born to )s fro'
8+o'soe2er 8e fnd 'ost far. %nd t+en19 sa"s Plato1 rsn&1 as e2er1 fro'
2sble to n2sble t+n&s1 f act2e bodies +a2e so stron& a "earnn& t+at an
endless seres of lo2el" 'a&es of t+e'sel2es 'a" constt)te1 as t 8ere1 an
eart+l" ''ortalt" for t+e' 8+en t+e" +a2e 8orn a8a"1 +o8 &reatl" ')st
creat2e sous desre t+at $artners+$ and close co'')non 8t+ ot+er so)ls
as far as t+e" 'a" brn& to brt+ a brood of loft" t+o)&+ts1 $oe's1 stat)tes1
nstt)tons1 la8s1t+e fttn& $ro&en" of t+e so)lW
%nd +e 8+o n +s "o)t+ +at+ t+e need of t+ese t+n&s n +'1 and
&ro8s to be a &odl3e 'an1 8anders abo)t n searc+ of a noble and 8ellC
n)rt)red so)lG and fndn& t1 and n $resence of t+at bea)t" 8+c+ +e for&ets
not n&+t or da"1 brn&s fort+ t+e bea)tf)l 8+c+ +e conce2ed lon& a&oG
and t+e t8an to&et+er tend t+at 8+c+ +e +at+ bro)&+t fort+1 and are bo)nd
b" a far closer bond t+an t+at of eart+l" c+ldren1 snce t+e c+ldren 8+c+
are born to t+e' are farer and 'ore ''ortal far. 6+o 8o)ld not c+oose to
+a2e -o'er5s offs$rn& rat+er t+an an" sons or da)&+ters of 'enW 6+o
8o)ld not c+oose t+e offs$rn& 8+c+ L"c)r&)s left be+nd +'1 to be t+e
2er" sal2aton of LacedF'on and of GreeceW or t+e c+ldren of (olon1
8+o' 8e call 4at+er of o)r La8sW or of ot+er 'en l3e t+ese1 8+et+er
Gree3s or barbarans1 8+o b" &reat deeds t+at t+e" +a2e done +a2e beco'e
t+e be&etters of e2er" 3nd of 2rt)eWa"1 and to t+ese 'en5s c+ldren +a2e
te'$les been set )$1 and ne2er to an" ot+er $ro&en" of 'an.Y9
-e1 t+en1 8+o to t+s end 8o)ld str2e ar&+t1 ')st be&n n "o)t+ to
see3 far for's1 and s+o)ld learn frst to lo2e one far for' onl"1 and t+eren
to en&ender noble t+o)&+ts. %nd t+en +e 8ll $erce2e t+at t+e bea)t" of one
far for' s to t+e bea)t" of anot+er near a3nG and t+at f t be Bea)t"5s self
+e see31 t 8ere 'adness not to acco)nt t+e bea)t" of all for's as one sa'e
t+n&G and consdern& t+s1 +e 8ll be t+e lo2er of all lo2el" s+a$es1 and 8ll
abate +s $asson for one s+a$e alone1 des$sn& and dee'n& t b)t a lttle
t+n&. %nd t+s 8ll lead +' on to see t+at t+e bea)t" of t+e so)l s far 'ore
$reco)s t+an an" bea)t" of o)t8ard for'1 so t+at f +e fnd a far so)l1
t+o)&+ t be n a bod" 8+c+ +at+ b)t lttle c+ar'1 +e 8ll be constant
t+ere)nto1 and brn& to brt+ s)c+ t+o)&+ts as teac+ and stren&t+en1 tll +e
lead t+at so)l on to see t+e bea)t" of actons and of la8s1 and +o8 all bea)t"
s n tr)t+ a3n1 and t+e bod"5s bea)t" s b)t a lttle 'atterG and fro' actons
+e 8ll lead +' on to scences1 t+at +e 'a" see +o8 scences are farG and
loo3n& on t+e ab)ndance of bea)t" 'a" no lon&er be as t+e sla2e or
bond'an of one bea)t" or of one la8G b)t settn& sal nto t+e ocean of
bea)t"1 and creatn& and be+oldn& 'an" far and &loro)s t+o)&+ts and
'a&es n a $+loso$+" 8t+o)t stnt or sta"1 +e 'a" t+)s at last 8a# stron&
and &ro81 and 'a" $erce2e t+at t+ere s one scence onl"1 t+e scence of
nfnte bea)t".
4or +e 8+o +at+ t+)s far +ad ntell&ence of lo2e1 and +at+ be+eld all
+i,GGK- far t+n&s n order and ar&+t1+e dra8n& near to t+e end of t+n&s
lo2able s+all be+old a BEI!G 'ar2ello)sl" farG for 8+ose sa3e n tr)t+ t s
t+at all t+e $re2o)s labo)rs +a2e been )nder&oneJ One 8+o s fro'
e2erlastn&1 and net+er s born nor $ers+et+1 nor can 8a# nor 8ane1 nor
+at+ c+an&e or t)rnn& or alteraton of fo)l and farG nor can t+at bea)t" be
'a&ned after t+e fas+on of face or +ands or bodl" $arts and 'e'bers1 nor
n an" for' of s$eec+ or 3no8led&e1 nor as d8elln& n a)&+t b)t n tselfG
net+er n beast nor 'an nor eart+ nor +ea2en nor an" ot+er creat)reG b)t
Bea)t" onl" and alone and se$arate and eternal1 8+c+1 albet all ot+er far
t+n&s $arta3e t+ereof and &ro8 and $ers+1 tself 8t+o)t c+an&e or ncrease
or d'n)ton end)res for e2erlastn&. %nd 8+oso ben& led on and )$8ard
b" +)'an lo2es be&ns to see t+at Bea)t"1 +e s not far1 I sa"1 fro' reac+n&
t+e end of all. %nd s)rel" t+en1 O (ocrates (sad t+at &)est fro' /antnea)1
'an5s lfe s 8ort+ t+e l2n&1 8+en +e be+olds t+at Pr'al 4arG 8+c+ 8+en
t+o) seest t s+all not see' to t+ee to be 'ade after t+e fas+on of &old or
ra'ent or t+ose for's of eart+18+o' no8 be+oldn& t+o) art strc3en
d)'b1 and fan1 f t 8ere $ossble1 8t+o)t t+o)&+t of 'eat or drn31
8o)ldst loo3 and lo2e for e2er. 6+at 8o)ld t be t+en1 8ere t &ranted to
an" 'an to see Ver" Bea)t" clearGncorr)$tble and )ndefled1 not
'n&led 8t+ colo)r or fles+ of 'an1 or 8t+ a)&+t t+at can cons)'e a8a"1
b)t sn&le and d2neW Co)ld 'an5s lfe1 n t+at 2son and beatt)de1 be $oor
or lo8W or dee'est t+o) not (sad s+e)1 t+at t+en alone t 8ll be $ossble for
t+s 'an1 dscernn& s$rt)al bea)t" 8t+ t+ose e"es b" 8+c+ t s
s$rt)all" dscerned1 to be&et no s+ado8s of 2rt)e1 snce t+at s no s+ado8
to 8+c+ +e cln&s1 b)t 2rt)e n 2er" tr)t+1 snce +e +at+ t+e 2er" Tr)t+ n
+s e'braceW and be&ettn& and rearn& Vrt)e as +s c+ld1 +e ')st needs
beco'e t+e frend of GodG and f t+ere be an" 'an 8+o s ''ortal1 t+at
'an s +e.9
33) . Bet8een t+e as$ects of lo2e +ere e#$ressed n e#tre'e ter's1t+e
$lanetar" as$ect1 f I 'a" so ter' t1 and t+e cos'cal1t+e c+oce s
'o'ento)s. I do not ndeed sa" t+at n o)r est'ate of lo2e s n2ol2ed o)r
est'ate of Rel&onG for Rel&on s+o)ld 'ean t+e sane res$onse of t+e
s$rt to all t+at s 3no8n of Cos'c La8. B)t Rel&on n t+e sense n 8+c+
t s often )sed1o)r e'otonal and et+cal attt)de to8ards Lfe :nseenG
t+s s n realt" too closel" $arallel to Platonc Lo2e to allo8 t+e
$s"c+olo&st 8+o denes realt" n t+e one to ass)'e realt" n t+e ot+er. 4or
t+e Platonc lo2er t+e 'a&e of t+e Belo2ed one1no lon&er a 'atter of
consco)s s)''ons and 'a&naton1+as beco'e t+e nd8elln& and
nstnct2e '$)lse to noble t+o)&+t and deed. E2en s)c+ to a 4rancs or to a
T+eresa s t+e 'a&e of t+e ,2nt" 8+o' t+e" adoreG and f t+e" cla' t+at
so'et'es n 'o'ents of crss t+e" feel a s8a"1 a &)dance1 a
communicatio idiomatum 8t+ t+e ,2ne1 8e 'a" $ont n re$l" to t+e
+)'bler1 b)t 'ore tan&ble1 e2dence 8+c+ ass)res )s t+at e2en bet8een
so)ls stll n+abtn& and so)ls 8+o +a2e E)tted t+e +i,GGL- fles+ t+ere 'a"
e#st a tele$at+c nterco'')ncaton and an '$al$able confl)ence fro'
afar.
339 . Bref as t+s s)r2e" +as been1 t +as ser2ed to ndcate t+at t+e
$s"c+cal t"$e to 8+c+ 8e +a2e a$$led t+e na'e of &en)s 'a" be
reco&nsed n e2er" re&on of t+o)&+t and e'oton. In eac+ drecton a
'an5s e2er"da" self 'a" be 'ore or less $er'eable to s)bl'nal '$)lses.
T+e 'an 8+o s n b)t s'all de&ree t+)s $er'eable1 8+o acts )nfor'l" on
s)$ral'nal consderatons1on ratocnaton1 as +e 8ll sa"1 and not on
'$)lse1t+s 'an s l3el" to be safe n $r)dent 'edocrt". -e s)bssts
)$on a $art of +)'an nat)re 8+c+ +as alread" been t+oro)&+l" traned and
$re$ared for t+s 8orld5s 8or3. T+e 'an1 on t+e ot+er +and1 8+o s 'ore
readl" $er'eable to s)bl'nal )$r)s+es1 ta3es t+e c+ance of 8der
$ossbltes1 and 'o2es t+ro)&+ lfe on a 'ore )ncertan 8a". !at)re rears
s)c+ 'en fro' seed and not fro' c)ttn&sG s+e does not s'$l" re$rod)ce
t+e co''on confor'aton1 b)t &2es a c+ance to 8+ate2er of )ntred
$otenc" 'a" l)r3 8t+n t+e &er'.
B)t +o8 ')c+ 'a" t+ere be 8+c+ s t+)s +dden and )nde2elo$edW
6t+n 8+at l'ts of 2araton 'a" 8e e#$ect t+ese $s"c+cal s$orts9 to
fnd t+er $la"W To +el$ n decdn& t+s E)eston 8e ')st &o bac3 once
'ore to o)r s'$lest and1 so to sa"1 da&ra''atc e#a'$les of &en)s.
3+0 . If I +a2e d8elt at so'e len&t+ on art+'etcal $rod&es1 t+s s not1
of co)rse1 beca)se I re&ard t+s &ft of s)bl'nal co'$)taton as a +&+
for' of &en)s1 b)t beca)se t+e defnteness of t+e ac+e2e'ents $resents
so'e 2a&)e and ll)s2e $roble's n a co'$arat2el" 'ana&eable for'.
T+)s t s easer n t+e case of a /an&a'ele t+an n t+e case of a ,ante to
as3 oneself 8t+ e#actness 8+c+ s t+e least '$robable of t+e conce2able
ans8ersall of t+e' lar&el" conDect)ralto t+e E)eston1 6+ence dd t+e
c+ld &et +s &en)sW9a E)eston 8+c+ t+e e2ol)tonst1 alt+o)&+ +e
cannot sol2e t1 ')st not &nore.
It a$$ears to 'e t+at t+e ans8ers 8+c+ +a2e been '$lctl" or
e#$lctl" &2en to s)c+ a E)eston are red)cble )nder fo)r 'an +eads. I
s+all cte t+ese n t+e order n 8+c+ t+e" $)s+ t+e reE)red ans8er f)rt+er
and f)rt+er bac3. B)t t+e reader ')st re'e'ber t+at t+ere s absol)tel" no
dfference n $ont of t+e mystery n2ol2ed bet8een one re$l" and anot+er.
%ll +a2e to deal 8t+ t+e sa'e )lt'atel" ne#$lcable facts1 and t+e 'ost
La'arc3an of ans8ers s n realt" as '"stcal as t+e 'ost Platonc.
(*) 4rst1 t+en1 I $lace 8+at I +a2e called t+e La'arc3an re$l"1
accordn& to 8+c+ t+e e'nent ca$act" of t+e nd2d)al )nder dsc)sson
8as n+erted fro' t+e acE)red ca$actes of selfC'$ro2n& ancestors. To
t+s 8e ')st +ere ans8er t+at e2en ass)'n& acE)red c+aracterstcs to be
n+ertable1 t+ere 8ere as a r)le no s)c+ acE)red ca$actes for o)r
$rod&es to n+ert. /an&a'ele t+e fat+er1 t+e ro)&+ (clan $easant1 8+o
dd not teac+ +s son +s lettersG /onde)# t+e fat+er1 t+e 8oodc)tter of
To)rs1 8+o dd not teac+ +s son t+e n)'erals1t+ese 8ere not +i,GGM- 'en
8+o +ad de2elo$ed t+er 'at+e'atcal &fts as t+e La'arc3an &raffe
de2elo$ed t+e bones of +s nec3. T+e onl" case 8+ere +eredt" co)ld be
$leaded s t+at of t+e "o)n&er (not of t+e elder) Bdder)nless 8e co)nt
)nder t+s +ead t+e pre,nata suggestion 8+c+ /r. Bl"t+ bele2es to +a2e
been effcaco)s n +s o8n and +s brot+er5s case.
(.) !e#t co'es t+e re$l" 8+c+ I s)$$ose 8o)ld no8 be co''onl"
&2en1 and 8+c+1 to a2od t+e a'b&)tes of t+e 8ord ,ar8nan1 I 8ll call
t+e protopasmic sol)ton. /an&a'ele5s &ft1 n t+s 2e81 8as a s$ort or
b"C$rod)ct occ)rrn& n t+e co)rse of e2ol)ton1a ne8 E)alt" der2ed
fro' old E)altes not ob2o)sl" rese'bln& t. It 8as one of t+ose
fa2o)rable s$ontaneo)s 2aratons of 8+c+ nat)ral selecton +as often been
able to ta3e ad2anta&eG and 8+ose occasonal )n$redctable occ)rrence +as
rased o)r race to ts $resent le2el. !o8 t+e ca)se of s)c+ s$orts1 I need not
sa"1 ,ar8n e#$ressl" lea2es )ne#$laned. %ll t+at +e sa"s s t+at to s$ort n
t+s 8a" s c+aracterstc of l2n& 'atter. ()dden dfferentaton n
)n$redctable drectons ')st1 n s+ort1 be a latent ca$act" of $roto$las'G
and t+e e#$lanaton of /an&a'ele5s &ft s 2rt)all" referred to t+e nat)re
of t+e stoc3 of $roto$las' 8t+ 8+c+ +s earlest ancestors started
o$eratons.
T+s ans8er +as t+e lo&cal ad2anta&e o2er t+e La'arc3an ans8er
(8+c+1 of co)rse1 at botto' s $roto$las'c also)1 t+at1 ben& +ardl" 'ore
t+an a 'ere restate'ent of t+e facts1 t cannot +el$ ben& tr)e so far as t
&oes. B)t t does not s)$$l"1 and 8as not $ro$o)nded b" ,ar8n as
s)$$l"n& an e#$lanaton of t+e )lt'ate so)rce of fac)lt"1 b)t onl" of
certan ncdents n ts terrene de2elo$'ent.
(;) In drect contrast to t+ese terrene e#$lanatons co'es t+e $reterrene
e#$lanaton of Plato. % 'an learns &eo'etrcal tr)t+s easl"1 Plato sad1
beca)se n realt" +e s onl" re'e'bern& t+e'. -e s re'e'bern& t+e'
beca)se +e learnt t+e' or&nall" n t+e deal 8orld1 before +s ncarnaton
n t+s bod"1 8+c+ s o)r to'b.9 One 8s+es t+at Plato +ad +ad t+e facts
no8 before )s to 8or3 )$ nto a dalo&)e1 ,ase1 or Ins$raton.9 If +e
t+o)&+t +s +"$ot+ess of re'nscence necessar" n order to e#$lan t+e
'ental effort of an ntell&ent ad)lt 'astern& s)c+ startln& no2eltes as are
no8 contaned n t+e frst boo3s of E)cld8+at 8o)ld +e +a2e sad of
Pascal1 8+o 6 u A c 1 s$orted 8t+ cos'c la8s
n c+lds+ $la"G of Ga)ss fln&n& do8n +s slate 8t+ t+e ans8er alone
8rtten )$on t,a le&t esZ9t+e 'o'ent t+at t+e 'aster +ad dctated
t+e E)eston 8+c+ 8as to occ)$" t+e class for an +o)rG or abo2e all1 as I
sa"1 of t+e crass and stold ,ase1 as t 8ere an dot s)$$orted fro' t+e
Pr"tane)'1 to declare secrets 8+c+ t+e &ods +ad +d fro' 'enW
(<) Lastl"1 t+e 2e8 8+c+ I a' +ere s)&&estn& s n so'e sort a
rene8al of t+e old Platonc re'nscence19 n t+e l&+t of t+at f)ller
3no8led&e 8+c+ s co''on $ro$ert" toda". I +old1 of co)rse1 t+at n t+e
$roto$las' or $r'ar" bass of all or&anc lfe t+ere ')st +a2e been +i,GGN-
an n+erent ada$tablt" to t+e 'anfestaton of all fac)ltes 8+c+ or&anc
lfe +as n fact 'anfested. I +old1 of co)rse1 t+at s$orts or 2aratons occ)r1
8+c+ are at $resent )n$redctable1 and 8+c+ re2eal n occasonal offs$rn&
fac)ltes 8+c+ t+er $arents s+o8ed no s&ns of $ossessn&. B)t I dffer
fro' t+ose 8+o +old t+at t+e fac)lt" tself t+)s 'anfested s no8 for t+e
frst t'e ntated n t+at stoc3 b" so'e c+ance co'bnaton of +eredtar"
ele'ents. I +old t+at t s not ntated1 b)t onl" re2ealedG t+at t+e s$ort9 +as
not called a ne8 fac)lt" nto ben&1 b)t +as 'erel" rased an e#stn& fac)lt"
abo2e t+e t+res+old of s)$ral'nal consco)sness.
T+s 2e81 f $)s+ed bac3 far eno)&+1 s no do)bt nconsstent 8t+ t+e
8a" n 8+c+ e2ol)ton s &enerall" conce2ed. 4or t denes t+at all +)'an
fac)ltes ')st +a2e been e2o3ed b" terrene e#$erence. It ass)'es a
s)bl'nal self1 8t+ )n3no8n fac)ltes1 or&nated n so'e )n3no8n 8a"1
and not 'erel" b" contact 8t+ t+e needs 8+c+ t+e terrene or&ans' +as
+ad to 'eet. It t+)s see's at frst s&+t to be ntrod)cn& a ne8 '"ster"1 and
to be ntrod)cn& t n a &rat)to)s 8a".
To t+s I re$l" n t+e frst $lace t+at so far as t+e or&n of 'an5s 3no8n
$o8ers s concerned1 no fres+ '"ster" s n fact ntrod)ced. %ll +)'an
$o8ers1 to $)t t+e t+n& broadl"1 +a2e so'e+o8 or ot+er to be &ot nto
$roto$las' and t+en &ot o)t a&an. Yo) +a2e to e#$lan frst +o8 t+e"
beca'e '$lct n t+e earlest and lo8est l2n& t+n&1 and t+en +o8 t+e"
+a2e beco'e t+)s far e#$lct n t+e latest and +&+est. %ll t+e fac)ltes of
t+at +&+est ben&1 I re$eat1 e#sted virtuay n t+e lo8est1 and n so far as
t+e ad'tted fac)ltes are concerned t+e dfference bet8een '" 2e8 and
t+e ordnar" 2e8 'a" be sad to be lttle 'ore t+an a dfference as to t+e
sense 8+c+ t+at 8ord virtuay s +ere to ass)'e.
3+1 . T+e real dfference bet8een t+e t8o 2e8s a$$ears 8+en t+e
fac)ltes 8+c+ I +a2e called )n3no8n co'e to be consdered. If t+e" are
+eld to be real1 '" 2e8 s certanl" t+e better able to e'brace t+e'. I +old
t+at tele$at+" and telFst+esa do n fact e#sttele$at+"1 a co'')ncaton
bet8een ncarnate 'nd and ncarnate 'nd1 and $er+a$s bet8een ncarnate
'nds and 'nds )ne'bodedG telFst+esa1 a 3no8led&e of t+n&s terrene
8+c+ o2er$asses t+e l'ts of ordnar" $erce$ton1 and 8+c+ $er+a$s also
ac+e2es an ns&+t nto so'e ot+er t+an terrene 8orld. %nd t+ese fac)ltes1 I
sa"1 cannot +a2e been acE)red b" nat)ral selecton1 for t+e $reser2aton of
t+e race1 d)rn& t+e $rocess of terrene e2ol)tonG t+e" 8ere (as 8e 'a"
$+rase t) t+e $rod)cts of e#traCterrene e2ol)ton. %nd f t+e" 8ere so1 'an5s
ot+er $o8ers 'a" 8ell +a2e been so also. T+e s$ecalsed for's of terrene
$erce$ton 8ere not real no2eltes n t+e )n2erse1 b)t '$erfect ada$tatons
of $roto$las' to t+e 'anfestaton of t+e nd8elln& &eneral $erce$t2e
$o8er. T+e 'at+e'atcal fac)lt"1 for nstance (8e 'a"1 $er+a$s1 sa" 8t+
Plato)1 $reCe#sted. 6+en ,ase sol2ed all t+ose s)'s n +s +ead1 +s $o8er
of sol2n& t+e' 8as not a fres+ de2elo$'ent n +s ancestral stoc31 b)t
de$ended on t+e accdental ada$taton of +s or&ans' to t+e 'anfestaton
of t+e nd8elln& co'$)tat2e $o8er. I do not ndeed +i,GGO- 2ent)re to
follo8 Plato n +s onto&enetc ar&)'ent+s cla' t+at t+e nd2d)al
co'$)tator +as +ad alread" an nd2d)al trann& n co'$)taton. I do not
sa" t+at ,ase +'self learnt or d2ned t+e ')lt$lcatonCtable n so'e deal
8orld. I onl" sa" t+at ,ase and all t+e rest of )s are t+e s$a8n or o)t$)t of
so'e )nseen 8orld n 8+c+ t+e ')lt$lcatonCtable s1 so to s$ea31 n t+e
ar. ,ase traled t after +'1 as t+e $oet sa"s of t+e clo)ds of &lor"1 8+en +e
descended nto &eneraton9 n a +)'ble $oston at -a'b)r&.
In +' and n +s ancestors 8ere 'an" fac)ltes 8+c+ 8ere called o)t
b" t+e str)&&le for e#stence1 and beca'e s)$ral'nal. B)t t+ere 8ere
'an" fac)ltes also 8+c+ 8ere not t+)s called o)t1 and 8+c+ conseE)entl"
re'aned s)bl'nal To t+ese fac)ltes1 as a r)le1 +s s)$ral'nal self co)ld
&et no access. B)t b" so'e c+ance of e2ol)tonso'e s$orta 2entC+ole
8as o$ened at t+s one $ont bet8een t+e dfferent strata of +s ben&1 and a
s)bl'nal )$r)s+ carred +s co'$)tat2e fac)lt" nto t+e o$en da".
T8o t+n&s1 of co)rse1 are ass)'ed n t+s ar&)'ent for 8+c+ (cence
offers no &)arantee. I ass)'e n t+e 'an a so)l 8+c+ can dra8 stren&t+ and
&race fro' a s$rt)al :n2erse1 and con2ersel" I ass)'e n t+e :n2erse a
($rt accessble and res$ons2e to t+e so)l of 'an. T+ese are fa'lar
$ost)lates. E2er" rel&on +as cla'ed t+e' n t)rnG alt+o)&+ e2er" rel&on
n t)rn +as so narro8ed t+er a$$lcaton as &re2o)sl" to narro8 t+e
e2dence a2alable for t+er s)$$ort. B)t t+at 8+c+ rel&ons +a2e cla'ed
for t+er 4o)nders or for t+er (antsand 8+at s sanctt" b)t t+e &en)s of
t+e et+cal real'WPs"c+olo&" ')st cla' for e2er" for' of s$rt)al
ndra8n&1 e2er" for' of s$rt)al res$onseG for slee$n& 2son1 for
+"$notc reD)2enaton1 for sensor" and 'otor a)to'ats's1 for trance1 for
ecstas". T+e $+loso$+er 8+o +as cred 8t+ /arc)s %)rel)s Et+er
Pro2dence or ato'sZ98+o +as declared t+at 8t+o)t t+s bass n t+e
:nseen1 t+e 'oral Cos'os 8o)ld be red)ced to a C+aos9Gs+o)ld +e not
8elco'e e2en t+e +)'blest lne of researc+ 8+c+ fan 8o)ld &at+er fro'
e2er" )nsol2ed $roble' so'e +nt as to t+e s$rt)al la8 )n3no8n 8+c+ n
t'e 'a" &2e t+e sol)ton of allW
3+( . 6e 3no8 not n 8+at drectonsdrectons +o8 defntel"
$redeter'nede2en $+"scal or&ans's can 2ar" fro' t+e co''on t"$e.
6e 3no8 not 8+at a'o)nt of ener&" an" &2en $lant or an'al can absorb
and ncor$orate fro' eart+ and ar and s)n. (tll less can 8e $redct or l't
t+e $ossble 2aratons of t+e so)l1 t+e f)lness 8+c+ t 'a" rece2e fro' t+e
6orldC(o)l1 ts $ossble +erta&e of &race and tr)t+. B)t n &en)s 8e can
8atc+ at eac+ sta&e t+e $rocesses of t+s celestal n)rt)re. 6e can 'a&ne
t+e o)tloo3 of Do"o)s tr)stf)lnessG 8e can al'ost see'1 8t+ 6ords8ort+1
to re'e'ber t+e c+ld5s so)l entern& nto t+e Rn&do' of -ea2en.
C+ld+ood s &en)s 8t+o)t ca$act"G t 'a3es for 'ost of )s o)r best
'e'or" of ns$raton1 and o)r tr)est o)tloo3 )$on t+e real1 8+c+ s t+e
deal1 8orld.
+i,GHP-
3+3 . 4ro' a &reater dstance 8e can 8atc+ t+e n8ard str of '&+t"
t+o)&+t1 t+e sa'e for csc+"l)s1 for !e8ton1 for Vr&lGa str nde$endent
of 8orldl" a&tatonG l3e t+e s8n& and lbraton of t+e tdeC8a2e across t+e
ocean1 8+c+ ta3es no note of bllo8 or of stor'.
!a"1 8e can see a&anst t+e s)n t+e ea&le soarn& abo2e t+e to'b of
Plato19 and n Pa)l1 as n Plotn)s1 8e can catc+ t+at sense of selfCf)lfl'ent
n selfCabsor$ton1 of ra$t)re1 of del2erance1 8+c+ t+e +&+est 'nds +a2e
beE)eat+ed to )s as t+e +erta&e of t+er +&+est +o)rs.
T+ese o)r s$rt)al ancestors are no eccentrcs nor de&eneratesG t+e"
+a2e 'ade for )s t+e sanest and 'ost fr)tf)l e#$er'ent "et 'ade b" 'anG
t+e" +a2e endea2o)red to e#alt t+e +)'an race n a 8a" n 8+c+ t can n
tr)t+ be e#altedG t+e" +a2e dra8n on forces 8+c+ e#st1 and on a (o)l
8+c+ ans8ersG t+e" +a2e d8elt on t+ose t+n&s b" d8elln& on 8+c+ t
s19 as Plato +as t1 t+at e2en God s d2ne.9
+i,GHG-
CHAPTER IV
SLEEP
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|Translation |
PI!,%R.
+00 . T+e $recedn& c+a$ters +a2e carred )s t8o ste$s )$on o)r 8a". In
C+a$ter II. 8e &aned so'e ns&+t nto t+e str)ct)re of +)'an $ersonalt"
b" anal"sn& so'e of t+e accdents to 8+c+ t s s)bDectGt+e nsstent
deas1 t+e +"stercal nstabltes1 t+e s$lts and alternatons 8+c+ see' to
destro" t+at n8ard )nt" to t+e sense of 8+c+ 8e nstnct2el" cln&. In t+e
t+rd c+a$ter 8e 2e8ed t+s $ersonalt" n ts nor'al 8a3n& state1 and
consdered +o8 t+at nor' s+o)ld be defned1 and n 8+at 'anner certan
fort)nate $ersons +ad e#tended t+e &ras$ of t+at n8ard concentraton1 and
+ad nte&rated t+e $ersonalt" stll f)rt+er b" )tlsn& )$r)s+es of
s)bl'nal fac)lt" to s)$$le'ent or to cr"stallse t+e $rod)cts of
s)$ral'nal t+o)&+t.
T+e re2e8 of t+ese t8o c+a$ters ndcates clearl" eno)&+ 8+at '" ne#t
ste$ ')st be. It s ob2o)s t+at n '" re2e8 of $+ases or alternatons of
$ersonalt" I +a2e left o)t of s&+t t+e 'ost constant1 t+e 'ost '$ortant
alternaton of all. I +a2e t+)s far sad not+n& of seep. Yet that c+an&e of
$ersonalt"1 at least1 +as been borne n on e2er" one5s notceGnot1
certanl"1 as a 'orbd c)rost"1 b)t as an essental $art of lfe.
(lee$ ')st ass)redl" no8 be st)ded1 and fro' t8o $onts of 2e8.
Re&ardn& slee$ as an alternatn& $+ase of $ersonalt"1 8e ')st consder
8+at are ts s$ecal c+aracterstcs and fac)ltes. Re&ardn& t as an nte&ral
factor n o)r eart+l" e#stence1 and on an eE)al footn& 8t+ t+e 8a3n&
state1 8e ')st consder +o8 t+e fac)ltes of slee$1 as of 8a3n&1 can be
'$ro2ed and concentrated n t+e co)rse of t+e $+"scal and $s"c+cal
e2ol)ton of 'an. ()c+ '$ro2e'ent or concentraton1 +o8e2er1
$res)$$oses a co'$re+enson of t+e tr)e nat)re of slee$ 8+c+ 8e are b" no
'eans enttled to ta3e for &ranted.
+01 . 4rst1 t+en1 let )s consder t+e s$ecfc c+aracterstcs of slee$. +i,
GHH- T+e defnton of slee$ s an ac3no8led&ed cru0 n $+"solo&". %nd I
8o)ld $ont o)t t+at t+e ncreased e#$erence of +"$notc slee$ 8+c+
recent "ears +a2e afforded +as 'ade t+s dffc)lt" e2en 'ore str3n& t+an
before. % $+"solo&cal e#$lanaton ')st needs ass)'e t+at so'e s$ecal
bodl" condton1s)c+1 for nstance1 as t+e clo&&n& of t+e bran b" 8asteC
$rod)cts1s at least t+e )s)al antecedent of so)nd slee$. B)t t s certan1
on t+e ot+er +and1 t+at 8t+ a lar&e $ercenta&e of $ersons $rofo)nd and
$rolon&ed slee$ can be nd)ced1 n any bodl" condton1 b" s'$le
s)&&eston. -"$noss1 ndeed (as 6etterstrand and ot+ers +a2e s+o8n) 'a"
be $rolon&ed1 8t+ act)al beneft to t+e slee$er1 far be"ond t+e $ont 8+c+
t+e s$ontaneo)s slee$ of a +ealt+" s)bDect e2er reac+es. % &ood s)bDect can
be a8a3ened and t+ro8n nto +"$noss a&an al'ost at $leas)re1 and
nde$endentl" of an" state et+er of n)trton or of fat&)e. ()c+ slee$
belon&s to t+ose $+eno'ena 8+c+ 8e 'a" call ner2o)s f 8e 8ll1 b)t
8+c+ 8e can obser2e or nfl)ence fro' t+e $s"c+olo&cal sde alone.
+0( . 6e can +ardl" +o$e1 fro' t+e ordnar" data1 to arr2e at a
defnton of slee$ 'ore satsfactor" t+an ot+ers +a2e reac+ed. 6e ')st
defer t+at atte'$t )ntl 8e +a2e collected so'et+n& 'ore t+an t+e ordnar"
e2dence as to 8+at occ)rs or does not occ)r d)rn& t+e abe"ance of 8a3n&
lfe. One $ont1 +o8e2er1 s $lan at once. 6e cannot treat slee$1as t +as
&enerall" been treated1n ts $)rel" negative as$ect. 6e cannot be content
'erel" to d8ell1 8t+ t+e co''on te#tCboo3s1 on t+e 'ere absence of
8a3n& fac)ltesGon t+e d'n)ton of e#ternal $erce$ton1 t+e absence of
controlln& ntell&ence. 6e ')st treat slee$ positivey, so far as 8e can1 as
a defnte $+ase of o)r $ersonalt"1 coCordnate 8t+ t+e 8a3n& $+ase. Eac+
$+ase1 as I bele2e1 +as been dfferentated al3e fro' a $r't2e
ndfferenceGfro' a condton of lo8l" or&ans's 8+c+ 'erted t+e na'e
net+er of slee$ nor of 8a3n&. !a"1 f t+ere 8ere to be a contest as to 8+c+
state s+o)ld be dee'ed $r'ar" and 8+c+ secondar"1 slee$ '&+t $)t
for8ard ts cla' to be re&arded as t+e 'ore $r't2e $+ase. It s slee$
rat+er t+an 2&lance 8+c+ $renatal and nfantle lfe s)&&estG and e2en for
)s ad)lts1 +o8e2er ')c+ 8e 'a" assocate o)rsel2es n t+o)&+t 8t+ t+e
8a3n& state alone1 t+at state +as at least t+)s ')c+ of secondar" and
ad2entto)s t+at t s 'antaned for s+ort $erods onl"1 8+c+ 8e cannot
artfcall" len&t+en1 ben& $lanl" )nable to s)stan tself 8t+o)t freE)ent
reco)rse to t+at f)ller nfl)# of 2talt" 8+c+ sl)'ber brn&s.
O)t of sl)'ber $roceeds eac+ fres+ aro)sal and ntaton of 8a3n&
act2tes. 6+at ot+er act2tes 'a" n sl)'ber be aro)sed and ntated t+e
e2dence to be set fort+ n t+s c+a$ter s+o)ld +el$ )s to sa". To so'e e#tent
at least t+e abe"ance of t+e s)$ral'nal lfe ')st be t+e lberaton of t+e
s)bl'nal To so'e e#tent t+e obsc)raton of t+e noonda" &lare of 'an5s
8a3n& consco)sness ')st re2eal t+e farCreac+n& fant corona of +s
)ns)s$ected and '$al$able $o8ers.
+i,GHI-
+03 . Entern&1 t+en1 )$on a re2e8 of slee$n& fac)lt"1 t+)s ne2tabl"
'$erfect1 8e 'a" best be&n fro' t+e red end of o)r s$ectr)' of
consco)snessGt+e red end1 8+c+ re$resents t+e dee$est $o8er 8+c+
8a3n& effort can e#ert )$on o)r $+"scal or&ans'.
O)r s)r2e" of t+e effcac" of slee$1 ndeed1 ')st 'a3e ts be&nnn&
beyond t+at l't 4or ass)redl" n slee$ so'e a&enc" s at 8or3 8+c+ far
s)r$asses 8a3n& effcac" n t+s res$ect. It s a f)ll" ad'tted1 alt+o)&+ an
absol)tel" )ne#$laned fact1 t+at t+e re&enerat2e E)alt" of +ealt+" slee$ s
so'et+n& sui generis, 8+c+ no co'$leteness of 8a3n& E)escence can
r2al or a$$roac+. % fe8 'o'ents of slee$a 'ere bl)r across t+e feld of
consco)sness8ll so'et'es brn& a reno2aton 8+c+ +o)rs of l"n&
do8n n dar3ness and slence 8o)ld not "eld. % 'ere bo8n& of t+e +ead
on t+e breast1 f consco)sness ceases for a second or t8o1 'a" c+an&e a
'an5s o)tloo3 on t+e 8orld. %t s)c+ 'o'ents1and 'an" $ersons1 l3e
'"self1 can f)ll" 2o)c+ for t+er realt"1one feels t+at 8+at +as occ)rred
n one5s or&ans'1alteraton of bloodC$ress)re1 or 8+ate2er t be1+as
been n so'e sense dscontn)o)sG t+at t+ere +as been a brea3 n t+e n8ard
r;gime, a'o)ntn& to ')c+ 'ore t+an a 'ere bref &norn& of st')l fro'
8t+o)t. T+e brea3 of consco)sness s assocated n so'e 8a" 8t+ a $otent
$+"solo&cal c+an&e. T+at s to sa"1 e2en n t+e case of a 'o'ent of
ordnar" slee$ 8e alread" note t+e a$$earance of t+at s$ecal rec)$erat2e
ener&" 8+c+ s fa'lar n lon&er $erods of slee$1 and 8+c+1 as 8e s+all
$resentl" see1 reac+es a stll +&+er le2el n +"$notc trance.
+0+ . T+s rec)$erat2e $o8er1 t+en1 les D)st be"ond t+e red end of o)r
s$ectr)' of 8a3n& fac)lt". In t+at obsc)re re&on 8e note onl" added
$o8erG an ncreased control o2er or&anc f)nctons at t+e fo)ndaton of
bodl" lfe. B)t 8+en 8e $ass on 8t+n t+e l'ts of o)r s$ectr)' of
8a3n& consco)snessG8+en 8e co'e to control o2er 2ol)ntar" ')scles1
or to sensor" ca$act"1 8e fnd t+at o)r co'$arson bet8een slee$n& and
8a3n& fac)lt" s no lon&er a s'$le one. On t+e one +and1 t+ere s of
co)rse a &eneral blan3 and abe"ance of control o2er t+e real' of 8a3n&
ener&esGor n $artal slee$ a 'ere fantastc $arod" of t+ose ener&es n
nco+erent drea'. On t+e ot+er +and1 8e fnd t+at slee$ s ca$able of
stran&e de2elo$'ents1and t+at n&+t can so'et'es s)ddenl" o)tdo t+e
'ost co'$le# ac+e2e'ents of da".
Ta3e frst t+e de&ree of control o2er t+e 2ol)ntar" ')scles. In ordnar"
slee$ t+s s net+er $ossessed nor desredG n n&+t'are ts loss s
e#a&&erated1 n E)asC+"stercal fas+on1 nto an a$$alln& fearG 8+le n
so'na'b)ls'1a 3nd of ne8 $ersonalt" de2elo$ed ad hoc,t+e slee$er
(as 8e s+all see later on) 8al3s on $erlo)s rd&es 8t+ stead" feet. I +a2e
alread" sad t+at 'orbd so'na'b)ls' bears to so)nd slee$ a relaton
so'et+n& l3e t+at 8+c+ +"stera bears to nor'al lfe. B)t bet8een t+e
+ealt+" so'na'b)lst and t+e s)bDect of n&+t'are 8e fnd fro' anot+er
$ont of 2e8 a contrast rese'bln& t+at bet8een t+e 'an of &en)s and t+e
+i,GHJ- +"sterc. T+e so'na'b)lst1 l3e t+e 'an of &en)s1 brn&s nto $la"
reso)rces 8+c+ are be"ond ordnar" reac+. On t+e ot+er +and1 D)st as n
'an" +"stercs certan ordnar" $o8ers of 'o2e'ent +a2e la$sed belo8
2ol)ntar" control1 so also t+e drea'er 8+o d'l" 8s+es to 'o2e a
constraned l'b s often )nable to send t+t+er a s)ffcent c)rrent of 'otor
ener&" to effect t+e desred c+an&e of $oston. T+at n&+t'are nablt" to
'o2e1 8+c+ 8e t+)s feel n drea'18+en net+er +e t+at fleet+ can flee1
nor +e t+at $)rs)et+ $)rs)e19t+at sensaton 8+c+ bot+ -o'er and Vr&l
+a2e selected as t+e t"$e of $aral"sn& be8lder'ent1
*
t+s s D)st t+e
abouia of t+e +"stercGt+e condton 8+en t ta3es a 'an +alfCanC+o)r to
$)t on +s +at1 or 8+en a 8o'an sts all t+e 'ornn& loo3n& at +er 3nttn&1
b)t )nable to add a sttc+.
(o'na'b)ls'19 +o8e2er1 s too 2a&)e and )ndefned a ter' for o)r
$resent dsc)sson. It 8ll onl" be b" a co'$arson 8t+ +"$nots'1 n t+e
ne#t c+a$ter1 t+at 8e can +o$e to &et so'e clearer noton of slee$C8a3n&9
states.
+0, . Let )s $ass on to consder entencephaic sensory $acuty,'nd5s
e"e9 fac)lt"1as s+o8n n slee$ or drea'. -ere too 8e s+all fnd t+e sa'e
r)le to $re2al as 8t+ 'otor fac)lt". T+at s to sa"1 on t+e 8+ole t+e
sensor" fac)lt" s of co)rse d''ed and n+bted b" slee$G b)t t+ere are
ne2ert+eless ndcatons of a $o8er s)bsstn& as 22dl" as e2er1 or 8t+
e2en added ac)teness.
T+ere see's1 of co)rse1 at frst s&+t1 so'et+n& of $arado# n e#$ectn&
+"$erFst+esa fro' so'nolenceG22d sensaton fro' a condton )s)all"
descrbed as a $ro&ress2e d)lln& or s)bsdence of one sense after anot+er.
%nd1 nat)rall"1 t 8ll be n t+e &eneraton of nternal rat+er t+an n t+e
$erce$ton of e#ternal 'a&er" t+at 8e 'a" e#$ect to fnd t+e closed e"e
act2e1
6 A q m6 .
T+ere s n fact a $+eno'enon1 b" no 'eans )nco''on1 and 2er"
cons$c)o)s1 8+c+1 l3e 'an" ot+er +)'an $+eno'ena 8+ose nterest s
reall" scentfc rat+er t+an t+era$e)tc1 re'aned )nnotced b" scence )ntl
a 2er" recent date. Ballar&er n 4rance and Gresn&er n Ger'an" (bot+
abo)t *A<?) 8ere a'on& t+e frst to call attenton to t+e 22d 'a&es 8+c+
rse before t+e nternal 2son of 'an" $ersons1 bet8een slee$ and 8a3n&.
/. %lfred /a)r"1 t+e 8ellC3no8n Gree3 sc+olar and antE)ar"1 &a2e to
t+ese 'a&es a fe8 "ears later t+e ttle of iusions hypnagogique, and
$)bls+ed a re'ar3able seres of obser2atons )$on +'self. /r. Galton +as
f)rt+er treated of t+e' n +s (nquiry into 'uman 9acuty/ and cases 8ll be
fo)nd n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $$. ;@>1 <=;1 &c.
T+ese 2sons 'a" be hypnopompic as 8ell as hypnagogic/'a"
a$$ear1 t+at s to sa"1 at t+e 'o'ent 8+en sl)'ber s de$artn& as 8ell as at
t+e +i,GHK- 'o'ent 8+en t s co'n& onGand n et+er case t+e" are
closel" related to drea'sG t+e +"$na&o&c ll)sons9 or $ct)res ben&
so'et'es re$eated n drea' (as 8t+ /a)r")1 and t+e +"$no$o'$c
$ct)res consstn& &enerall" n t+e $ersstence of so'e drea'C'a&e nto
t+e frst 'o'ents of 8a3n&. In et+er case t+e" testf" to an ntensfed
$o8er of n8ard 2s)alsaton at a 2er" s&nfcant 'o'entGa 'o'ent
8+c+ s act)all" or 2rt)all" one of slee$1 b)t 8+c+ "et ad'ts of defnte
co'$arson 8t+ adDacent 'o'ents of 8a3n&. 6e 'a" call t+e condton
one of cerebral or 'nd5s e"e9 +"$erFst+esa1an e#alted sensblt" of
s$ecal branCcentres n res$onse to t+ose )n3no8n nternal st')l 8+c+
are al8a"s &2n& rse to s'lar b)t fanter n8ard 2sons e2en n broadl"
8a3n& +o)rs.
4or t+ose 8+o are alread" &ood 2s)alsers s)c+ $+eno'ena as t+ese1
t+o)&+ str3n& eno)&+1 $resent no E)te )nE)e e#$erence. 4or bad
2s)alsers1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e 22dness of t+ese +"$na&o&c $ct)res
'a" be absol)tel" a re2elaton. 4or '"self1 I 'a" sa" t+at 8ere t not for an
occasonal flas+ of t+s 3nd bet8een slee$ and 8a3n&1 I s+o)ld be )nable
to conce2e 8+at &ood 2s)alsaton reall" s. T+e d'1 bl)rred1 )nstable
'a&es 8+c+ are all t+at '" 8a3n& 8ll can s)''on )$ are e2er" no8
and t+en re$laced n a 'o'ent of so'nolence b" a $ct)resa" of a 8et
+ed&e n t+e s)n8+c+ see's1 to '" +)rred &lance1 to be absol)tel" as
clear and brllant as t+e obDect tself co)ld be. T+e dfference s l3e t+at
bet8een an nstantaneo)s $+oto&ra$+ (and n nat)ral colo)rsZ) and a d'
dssol2n& 2e8 cast b" a 'a&c lantern on t+e $ont of &on& o)t. /an"
'en ')st +a2e +ad t+s e#$erenceG and ')st +a2e been str)c3 8t+ t+e
)n&)essed reser2e of fac)lt" 8+c+ for a 'o'ent 8as t+)s re2ealed.
+0' . EE)all" re'ar3able are t+e hypnopompic $ct)res1 as I +a2e
ter'ed t+e'G t+ose1 na'el"1 8+c+ acco'$an" t+e departure of slee$. 4or t
often +a$$ens (as n t+e cases cted b" G)rne" n &hantasms o$ the .iving)
t+at a f&)re 8+c+ +as for'ed $art of a drea' contn)es to be seen as a
+all)cnaton for so'e 'o'ents after 8a3n&Ga stron& test'on" to t+e
22dness of drea'C2s)alsaton. T+e &eneraton of a +all)cnator" f&)re
(+o8e2er )seless an ac+e2e'ent) 'ar3s $robabl" t+e +&+est $ont 8+c+
'an5s 2s)alsn& fac)lt" e2er reac+esG and t s note8ort+" t+at 8t+ 'ost
$ersons t+s $ont s+o)ld be attaned n drea' alone. (o'et'es1 t 'a" be1
t+s $rolon&aton of +all)cnaton 'a" best be descrbed as an afterC'a&e1
so'et'es as t+e res)lt of a s)&&eston9 ns$red b" t+e drea'. In t+ese
+"$no$o'$c cases t+e 22d 2s)alsaton see's to originate n slee$G 8+le
n iusions hypnagogiques t+e 22dness belon&s to an nter'edate $+ase.
+0* . T+e de&ree of ac)teness of all t+e senses n drea' s a s)bDect for
drect obser2aton1 and e2enfor $ersons 8+o can at all control t+er
drea'sfor drect e#$er'ent. I +a2e else8+ere descrbed
*
so'e efforts +i,
GHL- of '" o8n to test '" o8n $o8er of 2s)alsaton n drea'G 8t+ t+e
res)lt1 as I ')st confess1 t+at I +a2e not fo)nd t s)$eror to '" 2er" lo8
8a3n& ca$act". (o'e corres$ondents1 +o8e2er1 re$ort a consderable
a$$arent accesson of sensor" $o8er n drea'. %n '$ress2e drea'1
drea't b" /rs. %. 6. Verrall1 of Ca'brd&e1 and at once caref)ll"
recorded1 +ad for ts t+e'e an ntensfcaton of eac+ sense n t)rn. /rs.
Verrall +as $oor ')scal $erce$tons1 and 8+en told n +er drea' t+at t+e
sense of sound 8as ne#t to be e#alted1 s+e antc$ated lttle $leas)re. T+e
sensaton ca'e1 +o8e2er1 as so'et+n& entrel" ne81as 2er" +ar'on"1
8+c+ I +ad onl" +eard tll t+en n ec+oes1n t+e r+"t+' of 2erse1 or n t+e
s&+n& of t+e 8nd a'on& t+e $neCtrees. /" +earn& 8as $)rfed1 not b"
t+e f)lfl'ent of desre1 b)t b" t+e creaton of desre1 8+c+ n ts 2er" brt+
attaned fr)ton.9 ((ee ,r. -od&son5s e#$erence n +0* A .) Ot+ers s$ea3
of t+e ncreased 22dness of dra'atc conce$ton1 or of 8+at +as been
called n a +"$notc s)bDect obDect2aton of t"$es.9 In eac+ of t+ese
drea's19 8rtes one lad"1 I 8as a 'anGn one of t+e' a lo8 br)te1 n t+e
ot+er a d$so'anac. I ne2er +ad t+e sl&+test conce$ton of +o8 s)c+
$ersons felt or t+o)&+t )ntl t+ese e#$erences.9 %not+er corres$ondent
s$ea3s of drea'n& t8o dsconnected drea's1one e'otonal and one
&eo'etrcal1s')ltaneo)sl"1 and of conseE)ent sense of conf)son and
fat&)e.
+0) . T+e C+a$ter on ,rea's19 n R. L. (te2enson5s 2ol)'e1 Across
the &ains (alread" referred to n (ecton 31+ )1 contans a descr$ton of t+e
'ost s)ccessf)l drea'Ce#$er'ents t+)s far recorded. B" selfCs)&&eston
before slee$ (te2enson co)ld sec)re a 2s)al and dra'atc ntenst" of
drea'Cre$resentaton 8+c+ f)rns+ed +' 8t+ t+e 'ot2es for so'e of +s
'ost str3n& ro'ances. -s acco)nt1 8rtten 8t+ ad'rable $s"c+olo&cal
ns&+t1 s nds$ensable to st)dents of t+s s)bDect. I a' 'entonn& t+ese
8ellC3no8n $+eno'ena1 as t+e reader 8ll )nderstand1 8t+ a so'e8+at
no2el $)r$oseto s+o81 na'el"1 t+at t+e nternal sensor" $erce$tons or
'a&nat2e fac)lt" of slee$ 'a" e#ceed t+at of 2&lance n so'et+n& t+e
sa'e 8a" as t+e rec)$erat2e a&enc" of slee$ s)r$asses t+e vis medicatri0 of
8a3n& +o)rs.
+09 . I $ass on to a less freE)ent $+eno'enon1 8+c+ s+o8s )s at once
ntense 'a&naton d)rn& slee$1 and a lastn& '$rnt left b" t+ese
'a&natons )$on t+e 8a3n& or&ans'Gan )nntended selfCs)&&eston
8+c+ 8e 'a" co'$are 8t+ (te2enson5s 2ol)ntar" selfCs)&&eston
'entoned D)st abo2e.
T+e $er'anent res)lt of a drea'1 I sa"1 s so'et'es s)c+ as to s+o8
t+at t+e drea' +as not been a 'ere s)$erfcal conf)son of $ast 8a3n&
e#$erences1 b)t +as +ad an )ne#$laned $otenc" of ts o8n1dra8n1 l3e
t+e $otenc" of +"$notc s)&&eston1 fro' so'e de$t+ n o)r ben& 8+c+ t+e
8a3n& self cannot reac+. T8o 'an classes of t+s 3nd are cons$c)o)s
eno)&+ to be easl" reco&nsedt+ose1 na'el"1 8+ere t+e drea' +as led to
a con2erson9 or 'ar3ed rel&o)s c+an&e1 and t+ose 8+ere t +i,GHM- +as
been t+e startn&C$ont of an nsstent dea9 or of a ft of act)al nsant".
*
T+e drea's 8+c+ con2ert1 refor'1 c+an&e c+aracter and creed1 +a2e of
co)rse a primF $acie cla' to be consdered as so'et+n& ot+er t+an
ordnar" drea'sG and t+er dsc)sson 'a" be deferred tll a later sta&e of
o)r nE)r". T+ose1 on t+e ot+er +and1 8+c+ s)ddenl" &enerate an nsstent
dea of an rratonal t"$e are closel" and ob2o)sl" analo&o)s to $ostC
+"$notc selfCs)&&estons1 8+c+ t+e self t+at ns$red t+e' cannot be
nd)ced to co)nter'and. ()c+ s t+e drea' related b" /. Tane1
.
8+ere a
&endar'e1 '$ressed b" an e#ec)ton at 8+c+ +e +as asssted1 drea's t+at
+e +'self s to be &)llotned1 and s after8ards so nfl)enced b" t+e drea'
t+at +e atte'$ts s)cde. (e2eral cases of t+s 3nd +a2e been collected b"
,r. 4a)reG
;
and ,r. TssU1 n +s nterestn& lttle 8or31 .es 7Xves, +as
added so'e str3n& nstances fro' +s o8n obser2aton. I E)ote1 n +09 A,
one of /. 4a)re5s cases as a sa'$le1 s+o8n& t+at n an a$$arentl" +ealt+"
s)bDect an a$$arentl" ca)seless drea' 'a" lea2e traces E)te as $ersstent as
an" +"$notc s)&&eston co)ld '$lant fro' 8t+o)t. T+e drea' s n fact a
selfCs)&&eston of t+e 'ost $otent 3nd. T+e case of ,r. -olbroo3 . +09 B /
see's to belon& to t+e sa'e cate&or".
+10 . % stll 'ore str3n& ll)straton 'a" be dra8n fro' t+e follo8n&
ncdent n t+e stor" of ,r. RrafftCEbn&5s $atent1
<
Il'a (.1 t+e &en)neness
of 8+ose st&'ata see's $ro2ed b" t+at $+"scan5s care n obser2aton1 and
b" t+e $anf)lness of certan e#$er'ents $erfor'ed )$on +er b" st)dents as
$ractcal Do3es and a&anst +er 8llJ
2ay Bth, *AAA.T+e $atent s dst)rbed toda". (+e co'$lans to t+e
sster of se2ere $an )nder t+e left breast1 t+n3s t+at t+e $rofessor +as b)rnt
+er n t+e n&+t1 and be&s t+e sster to obtan a retreat for +er n a con2ent1
8+ere s+e 8ll be sec)re a&anst s)c+ attac3s. T+e sster5s ref)sal ca)ses a
+"steroCe$le$tc attac3. L%t len&t+1 n t+e +"$notc tranceM t+e $atent &2es
t+e follo8n& e#$lanaton of t+e or&n of t+e $anJ Last n&+t an old 'an
ca'e to 'eG +e loo3ed l3e a $rest and ca'e n co'$an" 8t+ a (ster of
C+art"1 on 8+ose collet t+ere 8as a lar&e &olden B. I 8as afrad of +er. T+e
old 'an 8as a'able and frendl". -e d$$ed a $en n t+e sster5s $oc3et1
and 8t+ t 8rote a 6 and B on '" s3n )nder t+e left breast. Once +e
d$$ed +s $en badl" and 'ade a blot n t+e 'ddle of t+e f&)re. T+s s$ot
and t+e B $an 'e se2erel"1 b)t t+e 6 does not. T+e 'an e#$laned t+e 6
as 'eann& t+at I s+o)ld &o to t+e / c+)rc+ and confess at t+e 6
confessonal.9
%fter t+s acco)nt t+e $atent cred o)t and sad1 T+ere stands t+e 'an
a&an. !o8 +e +as c+ans on +s +ands.9
6+en t+e $atent 8o3e nto ordnar" lfe s+e 8as s)ffern& $an n t+e
$lace ndcated1 8+ere t+ere 8ere s)$erfcal losses of s)bstance1
$enetratn& +i,GHN- to t+e cor)'1 8+c+ +a2e a rese'blance to a re2ersed
6 and B19 8t+ a +"$erF'c rased s$ot bet8een t+e t8o.9 !o8+ere n
t+s $ec)lar ne)rotro$+c alteraton of t+e s3n1 8+c+ s dentcal 8t+
t+ose $re2o)sl" $rod)ced e#$er'entall"1 are t+ere traces of nfla''aton.
T+e $an and t+e 'e'or" of t+e drea' 8ere re'o2ed b" t+e doctor5s
s)&&estonG b)t t+e drea' selfCs)&&eston to confess at t+e / c+)rc+
$ersstedG and t+e $atent1 8t+o)t 3no8n& 8+"1 dd act)all" &o and confess
to t+e $rest of +er 2son.
In t+s last case 8e +a2e a drea' $la"n& t+e $art of a $o8erf)l $ostC
+"$notc s)&&eston. T+e 'eann& of t+s 2a&)e ter' s)&&eston9 8e s+all
+a2e to dsc)ss n a later c+a$ter. It s eno)&+ to notce +ere t+e &reat $o8er
of a s)bl'nal s)&&eston 8+c+ can 'a3e an '$resson so ')c+ stron&er
not onl" t+an t+e )s)al e2anescent to)c+ of drea'1 b)t t+an t+e act)al
e#$erences of 8a3n& da".
+11 . B)t t+s case 'a" also ser2e to lead )s on to f)rt+er reflectons as
to t+e connecton bet8een drea'C'e'or" and +"$notc 'e'or"1 a
connecton 8+c+ $onts1 as 8e s+all $resentl" see1 to8ards t+e e#stence of
so'e s)bl'nal contn)t" of 'e'or"1 l"n& dee$er do8n t+an t+e
e2ocable 'e'or" of co''on lfet+e stoc3 of consco)s re'nscences on
8+c+ 8e can dra8 at 8ll.
6t+ re&ard to 'e'or"1 as 8t+ re&ard to sensaton1 8e see' n 8a3n&
lfe to be dealn& 8t+ a selecton 'ade for $)r$oses of eart+l" )se. 4ro'
t+e $reCconsco)s )nselect2e 'e'or" 8+c+ de$ends on t+e 'ere
or&ansaton of l2n& 'atter1 t s t+e tas3 of consco)sness1 as t da8ns n
eac+ +&+er or&ans'1 to 'a3e ts o8n a$$ro$rate selecton and to de2elo$
nto dstnctness certan +el$f)l lnes of re'nscence. T+e E)eston of selfC
$reser2aton16+at ')st I needs be a8are of n order to esca$e '" foesW
n2ol2es t+e E)eston1 6+at ')st I needs re'e'ber n order to act )$on
t+e facts of 8+c+ I a' a8areW T+e selected c)rrents of 'e'or" follo8 t+e
selected a2en)es of sensatonG 8+at b" ds)se I lose t+e $o8er of notcn& at
t+e t'e1 I also lose t+e $o8er of recalln& after8ards.
4or s'$ler or&ans's t+s r)le 'a" $er+a$s s)ffce. /an needs a 'ore
co'$le# for')la. 4or t 'a" +a$$en1 as 8e +a2e alread" seen1 t+at t8o or
'ore $+ases of $ersonalt" n one 'an 'a" eac+ select fro' t+e 'ass of
$otental re'nscences a s$ecal &ro)$ of 'e'ores of ts o8n. T+ese
s$ecal &ro)$s1 'oreo2er1 'a" bear to one anot+er all 3nds of relatonsG one
'a" ncl)de anot+er1 or t+e" 'a" alternate and 'a" be a$$arentl" coC
e#cl)s2e.
4ro' t+ese dssocatons and alternatons of 'e'or" t+ere 8ll be 'an"
lessons to learn. T+e lesson 8+c+ +ere $resents tself s not t+e least
'$ortant. 6+at s t+e relaton of t+e slee$n& state to t+ese dssocated1
t+ese $arallel or concentrc 'e'oresW Is t t+e case t+at 8+en one 'e'or"
ncl)des anot+er t s t+e 8a3n& 'e'or"as one '&+t e#$ect fro' t+at
state5s a$$arentl" s)$eror 22dness8+c+ s+o8s tself t+e dee$er1 t+e
'ore co'$re+ens2e recordW Or can t be t+at ot+er statesslee$ and ts
con&enersless fns+ed and effect2e t+o)&+ t+e" be +i,GHO- for lfe5s
co''on $)r$oses1 'a" "et s+o8 b" t+s test of co'$arat2e 'e'or" t+at
t+e" e'brace and )nderle t+at s$ecalsed 2&lance 8+c+ 8e co''onl"
ta3e for t+e 8+ole of o)r ntellect)al ben&W
+1( . T+e ans8er of act)al e#$erence to t+ese E)estons s )ne#$ectedl"
drect and clear. In e2er" recorded nstanceso far at least as '" 'e'or"
ser2es 'e1 8+ere t+ere +as been an" uni$ication bet8een alternatn& states1
so as to 'a3e co'$arson $ossblet s t+e 'e'or" f)rt+est fro' 8a3n&
lfe 8+ose s$an s t+e 8dest1 8+ose &ras$ of t+e or&ans'5s )$stored
'$ressons s t+e 'ost $rofo)nd. Ine#$lcable as t+s $+eno'enon +as been
to obser2ers 8+o +a2e enco)ntered t 8t+o)t t+e needed 3e"1 t+e
nde$endent obser2atons of +)ndreds of $+"scans and +"$notsts +a2e
)nted n affr'n& ts realt". T+e co''onest nstance1 of co)rse1 s
f)rns+ed b" t+e ordnar" +"$notc trance. T+e de&ree of ntell&ence1
ndeed1 8+c+ fnds ts 8a" to e#$resson n t+at trance or sl)'ber 2ares
&reatl" n dfferent s)bDects and at dfferent t'es. B)t 8+ensoe2er t+ere s
eno)&+ of alertness to ad't of o)r for'n& a D)d&'ent1 8e fnd t+at n t+e
+"$notc state t+ere s a consderable 'e'or"t+o)&+ not necessarl" a
co'$lete or a reasoned 'e'or"of t+e 8a3n& stateG 8+ereas 8t+ 'ost
s)bDects n t+e 8a3n& state)nless so'e s$ecal co''and be '$osed
)$on t+e +"$notc selft+ere s no 'e'or" 8+ate2er of t+e +"$notc state.
In 'an" +"stercal condtons also t+e sa'e &eneral r)le s)bsstsG na'el"1
t+at t+e f)rt+er 8e &et fro' t+e s)rface t+e 8der s t+e e#$anse of 'e'or"
8+c+ 8e enco)nter.
If all t+s be tr)e1 t+ere are se2eral $onts on 8+c+ 8e 'a" for'
e#$ectatons defnte eno)&+ to s)&&est nE)r". Ordnar" slee$ s ro)&+l"
nter'edate bet8een 8a3n& lfe and dee$ +"$notc tranceG and t see's a
priori $robable t+at ts 'e'or" 8ll +a2e ln3s of al'ost eE)al stren&t+ 8t+
t+e 'e'or" 8+c+ belon&s to 8a3n& lfe and t+e 'e'or" 8+c+ belon&s to
t+e +"$notc trance. %nd t+s s n fact t+e caseG t+e fra&'ents of drea'C
'e'or" are nterln3ed 8t+ bot+ t+ese ot+er c+ans. T+)s1 for e#a'$le1
8t+o)t an" s)&&eston to t+at effect1 acts acco'$ls+ed n t+e +"$notc
trance 'a" be re'e'bered n drea'G and re'e'bered )nder t+e ll)son
8+c+ 8as t+ro8n ro)nd t+e' b" t+e +"$notser. T+)s ,r. %)&)ste Vosn
s)&&ested to a +"$notsed s)bDect to stab a $atentreall" a st)ffed f&)re
n t+e ne&+bo)rn& bed.
*
T+e s)bDect dd soG and of co)rse 3ne8 not+n& of
t on 8a3n&. B)t t+ree da"s after8ards +e ret)rned to t+e +os$tal
co'$lann& t+at +s drea's 8ere +a)nted b" t+e f&)re of a 8o'an1 8+o
acc)sed +' of +a2n& stabbed and 3lled +er. %$$ro$rate s)&&eston lad
t+s &+ost of a doll.
Con2ersel"1 drea's for&otten n 8a3n& lfe 'a" be re'e'bered n t+e
+"$notc trance. T+)s ,r. TssU5s $atent1 %lbert1 drea't t+at +e 8as abo)t
to set o)t on one of +s so'na'b)lc f)&)es19 or a'less Do)rne"s1 and
8+en +"$notsed 'entoned to t+e $+"scan t+s drea'1 8+c+ n +s +i,
GIP- 8a3n& state +e +ad for&otten.
*
T+e $robable tr)t+ of t+s state'ent
8as s+o8n b" t+e fact t+at +e dd act)all" set o)t on t+e Do)rne" t+)s drea't
of1 and t+at +s Do)rne"s 8ere )s)all" $receded and ncted b" re'e'bered
drea's.
I need not d8ell on t+e e#stence1 b)t at t+e sa'e t'e t+e
nco'$leteness1 of o)r drea'C'e'or" of 8a3n& lfeG nor on t+e occasonal
for'aton of a se$arate c+an of 'e'or"1 constr)cted fro' s)ccess2e and
co+ern& drea's. It s+o)ld be added t+at 8e do not reall" 3no8 +o8 far o)r
'e'or" n drea' of 8a3n& lfe 'a" +a2e e#tendedG snce 8e can onl"
in$er t+s fro' o)r notoro)sl" '$erfect 8a3n& 'e'or" of $ast drea's.
+13 . % co&nate antc$aton to 8+c+ o)r t+eor" 8ll $ont 8ll be t+at
drea'C'e'or" 8ll occasonall" be fo)nd to fll )$ &a$s n 8a3n&
'e'or"1 ot+er t+an t+ose d)e to +"$notc tranceG s)c+ soCcalled ec'nesc9
$erods1 for nstance1 as so'et'es s)cceed a 2olent s+oc3 to t+e s"ste'1
and 'a" e2en e'brace so'e s$ace of t'e anterior to t+e s+oc3. T+ese
$erods t+e'sel2es rese'ble $rolon&ed and )nre'e'bered drea's. ()c+
accdents1 +o8e2er1 are so rare1 and s)c+ drea'C'e'or" so +ard to detect1
t+at I 'enton t+e $ont 'anl" for t+e sa3e of t+eoretcal co'$letenessG and
')st t+n3 '"self fort)nate n ben& able to cte a case of /. C+arcot5s
8+c+ affords an nterestn& confr'aton of t+e s)&&ested 2e8.
.
% certan /ada'e ,.1 a +ealt+" and sensble 8o'an of t+rt"Cfo)r1 8as
s)bDected1 on %)&)st .At+1 *A@*1 to a terrble s+oc3. (o'e sco)ndrel 8+o
+as not been dentfed entered +er cotta&e and told +er br)sE)el" t+at +er
+)sband 8as dead1 and t+at +s cor$se 8as ben& bro)&+t +o'e. T+s 8as
absol)tel" falseG b)t t+e ne8s t+re8 +er nto a state of $rofo)nd a&tatonG
and 8+en so'e ndscreet frend1 seen& t+e +)sband a$$roac+1 cred o)t .e
voi>! t+e $oor 8o'an1 s)$$osn& t+at t+e corpse 8as t+)s anno)nced1 fell
nto a $rolon&ed +"stercal attac3. %fter t8o da"s of ra2n& s+e ca'e to
+erselfGb)t +ad lost t+e 'e'or" of all e2ents snce 7)l" *<t+G i.e. snce a
date s# 8ee3s before t+e s+oc3. T+s 3nd of retroact2e ec'nesa
ne#$lcable as t ss 3no8n to occ)r so'et'es after a $+"scal
conc)sson. In /ada'e ,.5s case t+e s+oc3 +ad been 8+oll" a 'ental oneG
"et t+e for&etf)lness contn)ed1 and +ad s$read o2er all t+e $erod )$ to /.
C+arcot5s lect)re on t+e case1 ,ece'ber ..nd1 *A@*. /ada'e ,. 8as t+en
$ossessed of f)ll recollecton of +er lfe )$ to 7)l" *<t+1 *A@*G b)t s+e co)ld
recall no e2ent 8+ate2er 8+c+ +ad occ)rred snce t+at date. (+e
endea2o)red to contn)e +er do'estc d)tesG b)t f s+e 8s+ed to recollect
an"t+n& s+e +ad to 8rte t do8n nstantl" n a noteCboo3 to 8+c+ s+e
constantl" referred. 4or nstance1 s+e 8as btten b" a do& bele2ed to be
'ad. (+e nstantl" 'ade a 8rtten note of t+e factG b)t e#ce$t +i,GIG- 8+en
act)all" referrn& to +er noteCboo3 s+e retaned no recollecton 8+ate2er of
t+e bte or of +er s)bseE)ent treat'ent n /. Paste)r5s laborator".
-ere1 s)rel"1 8as a case 8+ere t '&+t +a2e see'ed t+at t+ere +ad been
so'e absol)te e2anescence1 absol)te abolton of 8+atsoe2er traces or
tendences 'a" be +eld to constt)te 'e'or".
B)t one fact 8as obser2ed 8+c+ t+re8 a decs2e l&+t )$on t+s
$)NNln& case. T+e $atents n t+e t8o beds adDonn& /ada'e ,.5s 8ere
told to obser2e +er at n&+t. T+e" re$orted t+at s+e 8as n t+e +abt of
tal3n& n +er slee$G and t+at n t+e fra&'ents of drea's t+)s re2ealed s+e
'ade freE)ent all)sons to t+e 'ad do&5s bte1 and to ot+er e2ents 8+c+ +ad
occ)rred d)rn& +er ec'nesc $erod. T+s +nt1 of co)rse1 8as eno)&+ for
/. C+arcot. Classn& +er ec'nesa as a 3nd of $rolon&aton of a +"steroC
e$le$tc attac31 +e +"$notsed t+e $atent1 and fo)nd t+at n t+e +"$notc
trance +er 'e'or" for t+e ec'nesc $erod 8as absol)tel" ntact. PostC
+"$notc s)&&estons to re'e'ber t+e lost da"s are no8 slo8l" restorn& t+e
$oor 8o'an to t+e $ossesson of +er 8+ole $ast.
T+e fact 8+c+ nterests )s +ere s t+e accdentall" dsco2ered
$ersstence n drea' of 'e'ores 8+c+ +ad 2ans+ed fro' t+e s)$ral'nal
consco)sness. T+s s+o8s t+at n drea' /ada'e ,. +ad &ot do8nnot
'erel" to a strat)' of conf)son1b)t to a state so far dee$er t+an t+e
8a3n& state t+at t+e 'e'ores of 8+c+ s+oc3 or +"stera +ad robbed t+e
8a3n& state 8ere t+ere fo)nd to be )nnD)red. T+s 8ellCobser2ed case 'a"
+ere stand as re$resentat2e of t+e &a$Cflln& drea'C'e'or" 8+c+ I
2ent)red to antc$ate. Ot+er cases 8ll be notceable 8+en s$ontaneo)s
so'na'b)ls' co'es )nder re2e81n ts co'$le# relatons 8t+
co''on drea's1 +"$nots'1 +"stera1 and e2en e$le$s".
+1+ . I $ass on to t+e stll 'ore no2el and c)ro)s E)estons n2ol2ed n
t+e a$$arent e#stence of a drea'C'e'or" 8+c+1 8+le acco'$an"n& t+e
'e'or" of ordnar" lfe1 see's also to +a2e a 8der $)r2e81 and to
ndcate t+at t+e record of e#ternal e2ents 8+c+ s 3e$t 8t+n )s s far
f)ller t+an 8e 3no8.
Let )s consder 8+at sta&es s)c+ a 'e'or" 'a" s+o8.
I. It 'a" ncl)de e2ents once 3no8n to t+e 8a3n& self1 b)t no8
defntel" for&otten.
II. It 'a" ncl)de facts 8+c+ +a2e fallen 8t+n t+e sensor" feld1 b)t
8+c+ +a2e ne2er been s)$ral'nall" a$$erce2ed9 or co&nsed n an"
8a". %nd t+)s also t 'a" ndcate t+at fro' t+s 8der ran&e of
re'e'bered facts drea'Cin$erences +a2e been dra8nG8+c+ nferences
'a" be retrospective, prospective, or1f I 'a" )se a 8ord of Po$e5s 8t+ a
ne8 'eann&1 circumspective,t+at s to sa"1 relatn& not to t+e $ast or to
t+e f)t)re1 b)t to t+e $resent condton of 'atters be"ond t+e ran&e of
ordnar" $erce$ton. It s $lan t+at nferences of t+s 3nd (f t+e" e#st) 8ll
be lable to be 'sta3en for drect retroco&nton1 drect $re'onton1 drect
clar2o"anceG 8+le "et t+e" need not act)all" $ro2e an"t+n& 'ore t+an a
$erce$ton on t+e $art of t+e s)bl'nal self 'ore farCreac+n&1 +i,GIH- a
'e'or" 'ore stable1t+an s t+e $erce$ton or t+e 'e'or" of t+e
s)$ral'nal self 8+c+ 8e 3no8.
T+ese +"$er'nesc drea's1 t+en1 'a" afford a 'eans of dra8n& o)r
lnes of e2dence 'ore e#actl"G of rele&atn& so'e 'ar2ello)s narrat2es to
a real' of lesser 'ar2el1 and at t+e sa'e t'e of realsn& 'ore clearl" 8+at
t s n t+e 'ost ad2anced cases 8+c+ ordnar" t+eores are reall" $o8erless
to e#$lan.
+1, . %s to t+e $irst of t+e abo2eC'entoned cate&ores no one 8ll rase
an" do)bt. It s a fa'lar factor a fact onl" s)ffcentl" )nfa'lar to be
noted 8t+ sl&+t s)r$rset+at 8e occasonall" reco2er n slee$ a 'e'or"
8+c+ +as 8+oll" dro$$ed o)t of 8a3n& consco)sness. %s an e#a'$le1 8e
'a" ta3e t+e drea' of /. ,elbQ)f5s1 dsc)ssed n +s nterestn& boo31 .e
Sommei et es 7Xves In t+at drea' t+e na'e of t+e %s$len)' R)ta
/)rals9 f&)red as a fa'lar $+rase. On 8a3n&1 +e $)NNled +'self n
2an to t+n3 8+ere +e co)ld +a2e learnt t+at botancal a$$ellaton. Lon&
after8ards +e dsco2ered t+e na'e %s$len)' R)ta /)rara9 n +s o8n
+and8rtn&1n a lttle collecton of flo8ers and ferns to 8+c+ +e +ad
added t+er des&natons1 )nder t+e dctaton of a botancal frend.
In t+s and s'lar cases t+e or&nal $ece of 3no8led&e +ad at t+e t'e
'ade a defnte '$ress on t+e 'nd1+ad co'e 8ell 8t+n t+e s$an of
a$$re+enson of t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness. Its rea$$earance after
+o8e2er lon& an nter2al s a fact to 8+c+ t+ere are alread" $lent" of
$arallels. B)t t+e concl)son to 8+c+ t+e cases abo)t to be cted see' to 'e
to $ont s one of a ')c+ stran&er c+aracter. I t+n3 t+at t+ere s e2dence to
s+o8 t+at 'an" facts or $ct)res 8+c+ +a2e ne2er e2en for a 'o'ent co'e
8t+n t+e a$$re+enson of t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness are ne2ert+eless
retaned b" t+e s)bl'nal 'e'or"1 and are occasonall" $resented n
drea's 8t+ 8+at see's a defnte $)r$ose.
*
T+e sa'e $ont1 as 8e s+all +ereafter see1 s ll)strated b" t+e
$+eno'ena of cr"stalC2son. /ss Goodrc+C4reer1
.
for e#a'$le1 sa8 n t+e
cr"stal t+e anno)nce'ent of t+e deat+ of a frendGa $ece of ne8s 8+c+
certanl" +ad ne2er been a$$re+ended b" +er ordnar" consco)s self. On
referrn& to t+e Times, t 8as fo)nd t+at an anno)nce'ent of t+e deat+ of
so'e one of t+e sa'e )n)s)al na'e 8as contaned n a s+eet 8t+ 8+c+
s+e +ad screened +er face fro' t+e freGso t+at t+e 8ords 'a" +a2e fallen
8t+n +er ran&e of 2son1 alt+o)&+ t+e" +ad not reac+ed 8+at 8e broadl"
call +er 8a3n& 'nd.
T+s nstance 8as of 2al)e fro' t+e stron& $robablt" t+at t+e ne8s
co)ld ne2er +a2e been s)$ral'nall" 3no8n at allGsnce t 8as too
'$ortant to +a2e been 'erel" &lanced at and for&otten.
+1' . I E)ote anot+er case 8+c+ rases a so'e8+at c)ro)s $ont as +i,
GII- to t+e relaton of 8+at I 'a" call t+e s)bl'nal &aNe to defects of
ordnar" 2son.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;A@G related b" /r. -erbert 7.
Le8s1 *@ Par3 Place1 Cardff.
In (e$te'ber *AA>1 I lost t+e landn& order of a lar&e stea'er contann&
a car&o of ron ore1 8+c+ +ad arr2ed n t+e $ort of Cardff. (+e +ad to
co''ence dsc+ar&n& at s# o5cloc3 t+e ne#t 'ornn&. I rece2ed t+e
landn& order at fo)r o5cloc3 n t+e afternoon1 and 8+en I arr2ed at t+e
offce at s# I fo)nd t+at I +ad lost t. ,)rn& all t+e e2enn& I 8as don& '"
)t'ost to fnd t+e offcals of t+e C)sto' -o)se to &et a $er't1 as t+e loss
8as of t+e &reatest '$ortance1 $re2entn& t+e s+$ fro' dsc+ar&n&. I
ca'e +o'e n a &reat de&ree of tro)ble abo)t t+e 'atter1 as I feared t+at I
s+o)ld lose '" st)aton n conseE)ence.
T+at n&+t I drea'ed t+at I sa8 t+e lost landn& order l"n& n a crac3 n
t+e 8all )nder a des3 n t+e Lon& Roo' of t+e C)sto' -o)se.
%t f2e t+e ne#t 'ornn& I 8ent do8n to t+e C)sto' -o)se and &ot t+e
3ee$er to &et )$ and o$en t. I 8ent to t+e s$ot of 8+c+ I +ad drea'ed1 and
fo)nd t+e $a$er n t+e 2er" $lace. T+e s+$ 8as not read" to dsc+ar&e at +er
$ro$er t'e1 and I 8ent on board at se2en and del2ered t+e landn& order1
sa2n& +er fro' all dela".
-ERBERT 7. LE6I(.
I can certf" to t+e tr)t+ of t+e abo2e state'ent.
T-O/%( LE6I(
(-erbert Le8s5s fat+er)1
-. 6%LLI(.
1uy *<th, *AA<.
L/r. E. 7. !e8ell1 of t+e Geor&e and %bbotsford -otel1 /elrose1 adds
t+e follo8n& corroborat2e noteJM
August *<th, *AA<.
I 'ade so'e nE)res abo)t /r. -erbert Le8s5s drea' before I left
Cardff. -e +ad been searc+n& t+ro)&+o)t t+e roo' n 8+c+ t+e order 8as
fo)nd. -s t+eor" as to +o8 t+e order &ot n t+e $lace n 8+c+ t 8as fo)nd
s t+at t 8as $robabl" $)t t+ere b" so'e one ($er+a$s 8t+ 'alco)s
ntent)1 as +e does not see +o8 t co)ld +a2e fallen so.
T+e fact t+at /r. -. Le8s s e#ceedn&l" s+ortCs&+ted adds to t+e
$robablt" of t+e t+n& 8+c+ "o) s)&&est1 t+at t+e drea' 8as s'$l" an
)nconsco)s act of 'e'or" n slee$. On t+e ot+er +and +e does not bele2e
t 8as t+ere 8+en +e searc+ed.
E. 7. !E6ELL.
Can t+ere +a2e been a 'o'entar" )nnotced s$as' of t+e clar"
')scle1 8t+ t+e res)lt of e#tendn& t+e ran&e of 2sonW It 'a" s)ffce +ere
to E)otet+at '" s)&&eston 'a" not see' too fantastca fe8 lnes fro'
a $ersonal obser2aton of a so'na'b)le b" ,r. ,)fa".
*
It s e&+t o5cloc3G se2eral 8or38o'en are b)s" aro)nd a table1 on
8+c+ a la'$ s $laced. /dlle. R. L. drects and s+ares n t+e 8or31 c+attn&
c+eerf)ll" 'eant'e. ()ddenl" a nose s +eardG t s +er +ead 8+c+ +as
fallen s+ar$l" on t+e ed&e of t+e table. T+s s t+e be&nnn& +i,GIJ- of t+e
access. (+e $c3s +erself )$ n a fe8 seconds1 $)lls off +er s$ectacles 8t+
ds&)st1 and contn)es t+e 8or3 8+c+ s+e +ad be&)nG+a2n& no f)rt+er
need of t+e conca2e &lasses 8+c+ a $rono)nced '"o$a renders needf)l to
+er n ordnar" lfeGand e2en $lacn& +erself so t+at +er 8or3 s less
e#$osed to t+e l&+t of t+e la'$.9 ('larl"1 and "et dfferentl"1 /ss
Goodrc+C4reer +as +ad an e#$erence 8+ere t+e ttle of a boo3 E)te
)n3no8n to +er1 8+c+ s+e +ad 2anl" endea2o)red to read 8+ere t la" at
so'e dstance fro' +er1 $resented tself n t+e cr"stal. In s)c+ a case 8e can
+ardl" s)$$ose an" s)c+ s$as'odc alteraton n oc)lar condtons as 'a"
$er+a$s occ)r n trance.
+1* . In t+e cases 8+c+ I +a2e t+)s far E)oted t+e drea'Cself +as
$resented a s&nfcant scene1+as c+osen1 so to sa"1 fro' ts &aller" of
$+oto&ra$+s t+e s$ecal $ct)re 8+c+ t+e 8a3n& 'nd desred1b)t +as
not needed to dra8 an" 'ore co'$le# nference fro' t+e facts $res)'abl"
at ts ds$osal. I +a2e no8 to deal 8t+ a s'all &ro)$ of drea's 8+c+
reason as 8ell as re'e'berGf ndeed n so'e of t+e' t+ere be not
so'et+n& 'ore t+an 'ere reasonn& on facts alread" n so'e 8a" acE)red1
so'et+n& 8+c+ o2er$asses t+e sc+e'e $rescrbed for t+e $resent
c+a$ter.
In t+e frst $lace 8e cannot do)bt t+at defnte data alread" 3no8n 'a"
so'et'es be treated n so'na'b)ls' or ordnar" drea' 8t+ 'ore t+an
8a3n& ntell&ence. ()c+ are t+e cases of 'at+e'atcal $roble's sol2ed n
so'na'b)ls'1 or of t+e s3eletal arran&e'ent dsco2ered b" %&assN n
co''on slee$ for scattered bones 8+c+ +ad baffled +s 8a3n& s3ll. I &2e
n %$$endces so'e str3n& cases. T+e frst case s of old date1 b)t t 8as
re$orted b" t+e drea'er abo)t a 'ont+ after ts occ)rrence to ,r. ,a2e"1 a
$+"scan 8ell 3no8n n +s da"1 and 8as sent b" +' to ,r. Ellotson1 8+o
$rnted t n t+e Soist, 8+ere t s $)bls+ed as a case of cairvoyance. B)t
t+e needed data +ad $assed before t+e 8a3n& e"es1 alt+o)&+ t 8as left for
drea' to nter$ret t+e' fr)tf)ll". Professor La'berton5s case s abo)t t+e
best of t+e drea'Csol)tons of 'at+e'atcal $roble's 8+c+ I +a2e seen
recorded. %nd Professor -l$rec+t5s second case carres drea'Cntell&ence
to ts +&+est $ont. Professor Ro'ane !e8bold (8+o records t+ese cases)
s 8ell 2ersed n t+e anal"ss of e2dence 'a3n& for s)$ernor'al $o8ers1
and +s e#$lanaton of t+e 2son as t+e res)lt of $rocesses of assocat2e
reasonn& analo&o)s to t+ose of t+e )$$er consco)sness9 ')st1 I t+n31 be
ta3en as correct. B)t +ad t+e ncdent occ)rred n a less crtcal a&e of t+e
8orld1n an" &eneraton1 one 'a" sa"1 b)t this,+o8 'aDestc a $roof
8o)ld t+e $+antas'al Bab"lonan5s 'essa&e be +eld to +a2e afforded of +s
2ertable coo$eraton 8t+ t+e 'odern savant n t+e reconstr)cton of +s
re'ote $astZ
+1) . I re$eat t+at 8t+ t+s case of Professor -l$rec+t5s 8e see' to
+a2e reac+ed t+e )t'ost ntenst" of slee$Cfac)lt" 8t+n t+e l'ts of o)r
ordnar" s$ectr)'. In al'ost e2er" re&on of t+at s$ectr)' 8e +i,GIK- +a2e
fo)nd t+at t+e slee$er5s fac)lt"1 )nder ts narro8 condtons1 s+o8s scattered
s&ns of at least a $otental eE)alt" 8t+ t+e fac)lt" of 8a3n& +o)rs.
6e +a2e alread" seen t+s as re&ards ')sc)lar 'o2e'ents1 as re&ards
n8ard 2son and a)dton1 and as re&ards 'e'or"G and t+ese last records
co'$lete t+e seres b" s+o8n& )s t+e ac+e2e'ent n slee$ of ntellect)al
8or3 of t+e se2erest order. Colerd&e5s Uuba Uhan +ad lon& a&o s+o8n t+e
8orld t+at a &reat $oet '&+t o8e +s 'aster$ece to t+e obsc)raton of
8a3n& sense.
*
%nd t+e 2er" '$erfecton of Uuba Uhant+e 'e'or"
tr)ncated b" an nterr)$ton'a" a&an re'nd )s +o8 $artal ')st e2er be
o)r 8a3n& 3no8led&e of t+e ac+e2e'ents of slee$.
/a" I not1 t+en1 cla' a real analo&" bet8een certan of t+e
ac+e2e'ents of seep and t+e ac+e2e'ents of genius? In bot+ t+ere s t+e
sa'e tr)'$+ant s$ontanet"1 t+e sa'e sense of dra8n& no lon&er )$on t+e
narro8 and bref end)rance of ner2es and bran1 b)t )$on so'e )n3no8n
so)rce e#e'$t fro' t+ose l'tatons.
T+)s far1 ndeed1 t+e slee$Cfac)ltes 8+c+ 8e +a2e been consdern&1
+o8e2er stran&el" ntensfed1 +a2e belon&ed to t+e sa'e class as t+e
nor'al fac)ltes of 8a3n& lfe. 6e +a2e no8 to consder 8+et+er 8e can
detect n slee$ an" 'anfestaton of supernorma fac)lt"an" e#$erence
8+c+ see's to s)&&est t+at 'an s a cos'cal s$rt as 8ell as a terrestral
or&ans'1 and s n so'e 8a" n relaton 8t+ a s$rt)al as 8ell as 8t+ a
'ateral 8orld. It 8ll see'1 n t+s 2e81 to be nat)ral t+at t+s co''erce
8t+ a s$rt)al en2ron'ent s+o)ld be 'ore $erce$tble n slee$ t+an n
8a3n&. T+e do&'a 8+c+ '" $ont of 2e8 t+)s renders $robable s
$er+a$s1 as a 'ere 'atter of +stor"1 t+e do&'a of all do&'as 8+c+ +as
been 'ost )n2ersall" bele2ed b" 'an3nd.
?uod semper, quod ubique, quod ab omnibusfor +o8 'an" narro8
t+eolo&cal $ro$ostons +a2e 8e not +eard t+s $ro)d cla't+at t+e" +a2e
been bele2ed e2er"8+ere1 and b" e2er"bod"1 and n e2er" a&eW Yet 8+at
can a$$roac+ t+e antE)t"1 t+e )bE)t"1 t+e )nan't" of 'an5s belef n t+e
8andern&s of t+e s$rt n drea'W In t+e (tone %&e1 t+e sce$tc 8o)ld +a2e
been ras+ ndeed 8+o 2ent)red to contradct t. %nd t+o)&+ I &rant t+at t+s
$alFolt+c $s"c+olo&"9 +as &one o)t of fas+on for t+e last fe8 cent)res1
I do not t+n3 t+at (n 2e8 of t+e telFst+etc e2dence no8 collected) 8e
can an" lon&er ds'ss as a 'ere bi3arrerie of drea'C'a&er" t+e constant
rec)rrence of t+e dea of 2stn& n slee$ so'e dstant scene18t+ t+e
acE)ston t+ereb" of ne8 facts not ot+er8se accessble.
+19 . (tartn&1 t+en1 not fro' sa2a&e a)t+ort"1 b)t fro' t+e e2dental
scr)tn" of 'odern facts1 8e s+all fnd1 I t+n31 t+at t+ere are concdences
of drea' 8t+ tr)t+ 8+c+ net+er $)re c+ance nor an" s)bconsco)s
'entaton of an ordnar" 3nd 8ll adeE)atel" e#$lan. 6e s+all fnd t+at
t+ere s a $erce$ton of concealed 'ateral obDects or of dstant scenes1 +i,
GIL- and also a $erce$ton of or co'')non 8t+ t+e t+o)&+ts and e'otons
of ot+er 'nds. Bot+ t+ese $+eno'ena +a2e been noted s$oradcall" n
'an" a&es and co)ntres1 and 8ere obser2ed 8t+ sero)s attenton
es$ecall" b" t+e earl" 4renc+ 'es'ersts. T+e frst &ro)$ of $+eno'ena
8as called Cairvoyance or ucidit;1 and t+e second communication de
pens;es, or n En&ls+1 thought,trans$erence. T+ese ter's are scarcel"
co'$re+ens2e eno)&+ to satsf" a 'ore s"ste'atc st)d". T+e dstant
$erce$ton s not optica, nor s t confned e2en to t+e a$$arent sense of
s&+t alone. It e#tends to all t+e senses1 and ncl)des also '$ressons +ardl"
referable to an" s$ecal sense. ('larl" t+e co'')ncaton bet8een dstant
$ersons s not a transference of t+o)&+t alone1 b)t of e'oton1 of 'otor
'$)lses1 and of 'an" '$ressons not eas" to defne. I 2ent)red n *AA. to
s)&&est t+e 8der ter's testhesia sensaton at a dstance1 and teepathy,
fello8Cfeeln& at a dstance1 and s+all )se t+ese 8ords n t+e $resent 8or3.
B)t I a' far fro' ass)'n& t+at t+ese ter's corres$ond 8t+ defnte and
clearl" se$arated &ro)$s of $+eno'ena1 or co'$rse t+e 8+ole feld of
s)$ernor'al fac)lt". On t+e contrar"1 I t+n3 t $robable t+at t+e facts of t+e
'etet+eral 8orld are far 'ore co'$le# t+an t+e facts of t+e 'ateral 8orldG
and t+at t+e 8a"s n 8+c+ s$rts $erce2e and co'')ncate1 a$art fro'
fles+l" or&ans's1 are s)btler and 'ore 2ared t+an an" $erce$ton or
co'')ncaton 8+c+ 8e 3no8. 7)st as eac+ or&ans' s n fact a s"ste' of
forces1 nfl)encn& and nfl)enced b" s'lar s"ste's of forces n 3no8n
and )n3no8n 8a"s1 so also ')st 8e re&ard +)'an s$rts as nteractn&
s"ste's of forces1 "et 'ore co'$le#1 and "et f)rt+er be"ond o)r 3en.
($ecall" 'anfest s t+s 8+en 8e +a2e to deal 8t+ premonitions, of 8+c+
a fe8 nstances are &2en n t+s c+a$ter1 8+c+ see' e2en f)rt+er a8a"
fro' o)r ordnar" $rocesses of $erce$ton t+an t+e $+eno'ena of tele$at+"
or telFst+esa.
It follo8s fro' 8+at +as been sad t+at t+ere s no one lo&cal order n
8+c+ to arran&e t+ese s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena. T+e" do not s$rn& one
fro' anot+er n traceable seE)enceG rat+er t+e" are e'er&ent and scattered
'anfestatons of so'e dee$er and 'ore co'$re+ens2e la8. T+e
dstncton s)&&ested abo2e bet8een tele$at+" and telFst+esabet8een
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e a$$arentl" acE)red t+ro)&+ anot+er 'nd1 and
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e a$$arentl" acE)red drectl"1 and 8t+o)t anot+er
'nd5s nter2entone2en t+s dstncton1 I sa"1 cannot be 'ade
f)nda'ental. 6e cannot reall" tell n 8+at cases1 and to 8+at e#tent1 so'e
e#ternal 'nd +as aded t+e $erc$ent5s $erce$ton of t+e dstant scene. 6e
do not e2en 3no8 8+et+er n an" s)$ernor'al $erce$ton one 'nd alone
can be concerned.
+(0 . I +a2e +nted abo2e at anot+er lne of de'arcaton 8+c+ t+e
drea'er5s o8n sensatons s)&&est1t+e dstncton bet8een act2e $s"c+cal
e#c)rson or n2ason and t+e $ass2e rece$ton of $s"c+cal n2ason fro'
8t+o)t. B)t e2en +ere1 as 8as also +nted1 a clear lne of d2son s +ard to
dra8. 4or 8+et+er 8e are dealn& 8t+ drea'C$erce$tons of dstant +i,GIM-
'ateral scenes1 or of dstant l2n& $ersons1 or of dscarnate s$rts1 t s
often '$ossble for t+e drea'er +'self to sa" et+er fro' 8+at $ont +e s
+'self obser2n&1 or 8+ere t+e scene of t+e 2son s lad. 6+ere s +e
8+en +e s ta3n& $art n a scene 8+c+ s stll n t+e f)t)reW and n 8+at
8a" does +s a$$arent $resence n t+e f)t)re scene dffer fro' +s a$$arent
$resence n an act)all" e#stn&1 alt+o)&+ dstant1 sceneGn t+e 'dst of
8+c+ +s o8n $+antas'al $resence 'a" $er+a$s be dscerned b" so'e one
of t+e actorsW O)r ans8ers to s)c+ E)estons'$erfect at t+e best')st
be deferred )ntl 8e +a2e before )s not drea's alone1 b)t t+at 8+ole ran&e
of sensory automatisms 8+c+ bears t+ro)&+o)t s)c+ $er$le#n& relatons to
o)r c)rrent notons of ($ace and T'e.
4or t+e $resent I ')st confne '"self to a bref s3etc+ of so'e of t+e
'an t"$es of s)$ernor'al drea's1 arran&ed n a 3nd of ascendn& order. I
s+all be&n 8t+ s)c+ drea's as $r'arl" s)&&est a 3nd of +e&+tenn& or
e#tenson of t+e drea'er5s o8n nnate $erce$t2e $o8ers1 as e#ercsed on
t+e 8orld aro)nd +'. %nd I s+all end 8t+ drea's 8+c+ s)&&est +s
entrance nto a s$rt)al 8orld1 8+ere co''erce 8t+ ncarnate or
dscarnate s$rts s s)bDect no lon&er to t+e condtons of eart+l" t+o)&+t.
+(1 . I be&n1 t+en1 8t+ so'e drea's 8+c+ see' to carr" $erce$t2e
fac)lt" be"ond t+e $ont at 8+c+ (as n /r. Le8s5s drea' of t+e landn&
order1 (ecton +1' ) so'e )n)s)al for' of co''on 2son can be $la)sbl"
s)&&ested n e#$lanaton. In t+e frst of t+ese cases (/r. (E)res5s)1 &2en n
f)ll n +(1 A , a "o)n& 'an sees n a drea' t+e $lace 8+ere +s frend5s
8atc+ +as fallen n a lonel" feld. In anot+er case (/r. 6atts5s1 +(1 B ) t+ere
s a 2son of a bro3en stat)e1 8+ose nD)r" see's to +a2e been 3no8n to no
ot+er 'nd t+an t+e drea'er5sGso t+at 8e cannot +ere n2o3eas 8e stll
'&+t n2o3e n /r. (E)res5s caseso'e subimina 3no8led&e of anot+er
'an5s as $ossbl" s)&&estn& t+e drea'. %nd s'larl" n ot+er cases cted n
t+e %$$end#18+le tele$at+" fro' t+e l2n& or t+e dead 'a" be
t+eoretcall" conce2able1t+e s'$lest +"$ot+ess s t+at 8+c+ &oes no
f)rt+er t+an telFst+etc $erce$ton b" t+e drea'er5s o8n s)bl'nal self.
+(( . I 8ll ne#t refer to certan cases 8+ere t+e slee$er b" clar2o"ant
2son dscerns a scene of drect nterest to a 'nd ot+er t+an +s o8nGas
t+e dan&er or deat+ of so'e near frend. (o'et'es t+ere s a flas+ of
2son1 8+c+ see's to re$resent correctl" t+e crtcal scene. (o'et'es
t+ere s 8+at see's l3e a lon&er &aNe1 acco'$aned1 $er+a$s1 b" so'e
sense of communion 8t+ t+e n2aded $erson. %nd n so'e fe8 casest+e
'ost nterestn& of allt+e crc)'stances of a deat+ see' to be
s"'bolcall" sho#n to a drea'er1 as t+o)&+ b" t+e deceased $erson1 or b"
so'e ntell&ence connected 8t+ +' (see (ecton +(* ).
One of t+e best nstances of t+e flas+ of 2son s Canon 6arb)rton5s1
8+c+ I E)ote fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;;Aa case 8+ose
re'oteness s rendered less of a dra8bac3 t+an )s)al b" t+e c+aracter of t+e
narrator and t+e s'$lct" and defnteness of t+e fact attested.
+i,GIN-
T+e follo8n& s +s acco)ntJ
T-E CLO(E1 6I!C-E(TER1 1uy *Bth, *AA;.
(o'e8+ere abo)t t+e "ear *A<A I 8ent )$ fro' O#ford to sta" a da" or
t8o 8t+ '" brot+er1 %cton 6arb)rton1 t+en a barrster1 l2n& at *> 4s+
(treet1 Lncoln5s Inn. 6+en I &ot to +s c+a'bers I fo)nd a note on t+e table
a$olo&sn& for +s absence1 and sa"n& t+at +e +ad &one to a dance
so'e8+ere n t+e 6est End1 and ntended to be +o'e soon after * o5cloc3.
Instead of &on& to bed1 I doNed n an ar'c+ar1 b)t started )$ 8de a8a3e
e#actl" at *1 eDac)latn& B" 7o2eZ +e5s do8nZ9 and seen& +' co'n& o)t
of a dra8n&Croo' nto a br&+tl" ll)'nated landn&1 catc+n& +s foot n
t+e ed&e of t+e to$ star1 and falln& +eadlon&1 D)st sa2n& +'self b" +s
elbo8s and +ands. (T+e +o)se 8as one 8+c+ I +ad ne2er seen1 nor dd I
3no8 8+ere t 8as.) T+n3n& 2er" lttle of t+e 'atter1 I fell aCdoNe a&an for
+alfCanC+o)r1 and 8as a8a3ened b" '" brot+er s)ddenl" co'n& n and
sa"n&1 O+1 t+ere "o) areZ I +a2e D)st +ad as narro8 an esca$e of brea3n&
'" nec3 as I e2er +ad n '" lfe. Co'n& o)t of t+e ballroo'1 I ca)&+t '"
foot1 and t)'bled f)ll len&t+ do8n t+e stars.9
T+at s all. It 'a" +a2e been onl" a drea'19 b)t I al8a"s t+o)&+t t
')st +a2e been so'et+n& 'ore.
6. 6%RB:RTO!.
In a second letter Canon 6arb)rton addsJ
1uy .>th, *AA;.
/" brot+er 8as +)rr"n& +o'e fro' +s dance1 8t+ so'e lttle selfC
re$roac+ n +s 'nd for not +a2n& been at +s c+a'bers to rece2e +s
&)est1 so t+e c+ances are t+at +e 8as t+n3n& of 'e. T+e 8+ole scene 8as
22dl" $resent to 'e at t+e 'o'ent1 b)t I dd not note $artc)lars an" 'ore
t+an one 8o)ld n real lfe. T+e &eneral '$resson 8as of a narro8 landn&
brllantl" ll)'nated1 and I re'e'ber 2erf"n& t+e correctness of t+s b"
E)estons at t+e t'e.
T+s s '" sole e#$erence of t+e 3nd.
LT+e last 8ords are n ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+et+er +e +ad +ad s'lar
22d 2sons 8+c+ +ad not corres$onded 8t+ an" real e2ent.M
T+e '$resson +ere $rod)ced s as t+o)&+ a Der3 8ere &2en to so'e
delcate ln3 connectn& t+e t8o brot+ers. T+e brot+er s)ffern& t+e crss
t+n3s 22dl" of t+e ot+erG and one can of co)rse e#$lan t+e ncdent1 as 8e
dd on ts frst $)blcaton1 as t+e endan&ered 'an5s $roDecton of t+e scene
)$on +s brot+er5s 'nd. T+e $ass2e doNn& brot+er1 on t+e ot+er +and1 feels
as t+o)&+ +e 8ere s)ddenl" present n t+e scene1sa" n res$onse to so'e
s)dden call fro' t+e brot+er n dan&er1and I a' +ere brn&n& nto relef
that as$ect of t+e ncdent1 on acco)nt of ts analo&" 8t+ cases soon to be
E)oted. B)t t+e 'an lesson no do)bt 'a" be t+at no +ard and fast lne can
be dra8n bet8een t+e t8o e#$lanatons. I E)ote anot+er case1 t+at of /rs.
6est1 n +(( A.
+(3 . I ne#t E)ote a case n2est&ated b" Ed')nd G)rne" s+ortl" before
+s deat+1 and $rnted n S.&.7. 1ourna, 2ol. . $$. .B?1 .BB.
4ro' /r. R. V. BOYLE1 ; (tan+o$e Terrace1 6.
1uy ;>th, *AA<.
In Inda1 earl" on t+e 'ornn& of !o2e'ber .nd1 *ABA (8+c+ 8o)ld be
abo)t *> to ** P./. of !o2e'ber *st n En&land)1 I +ad so clear and str3n&
+i,GIO- a drea' or 2son (re$eated a second t'e after a s+ort 8a3n&
nter2al) t+at1 on rsn& as )s)al bet8een B and = o5cloc31 I felt '$elled at
once to 8rte an entr" n '" dar"1 8+c+ s no8 before 'e.
%t t+e t'e referred to '" 8fe and I 8ere n ('la1 n t+e -'ala"as1
t+e s)''er seat of t+e Go2ernorCGeneral1 and '" fat+erCnCla8 and
'ot+erCnCla8 8ere l2n& n Br&+ton. 6e +ad not +eard of or fro' et+er
of t+e' for 8ee3s1 nor +ad I been recentl" s$ea3n& or t+n3n& of t+e'1 for
t+ere 8as no reason for an#et" re&ardn& t+e'.
*
It see'ed n '" drea' t+at I stood at t+e o$en door of a bedroo' n a
+o)se n Br&+ton1 and t+at before 'e1 b" candlel&+t1 I sa8 '" fat+erCnC
la8 l"n& $ale )$on +s bed1 8+le '" 'ot+erCnCla8 $assed slentl" across
t+e roo' n attendance on +'. T+e 2son soon $assed a8a"1 and I sle$t on
for so'e t'e. On 8a3n&1 +o8e2er1 t+e nat)re of t+e '$resson left )$on
'e )n'sta3abl" 8as t+at '" fat+erCnCla8 8as dead. I at once noted do8n
t+e drea'1 after 8+c+ I bro3e t+e ne8s of 8+at I felt to be a re2elaton to
'" 8fe1 8+en 8e t+o)&+t o2er a&an and a&an all t+at co)ld bear )$on t+e
'atter1 8t+o)t ben& able to ass&n an" reason for '" ben& so stron&l" and
t+oro)&+l" '$ressed. T+e tele&ra$+ fro' En&land to ('la +ad been o$en
for so'e t'e1 b)t no8 t+ere 8as an nterr)$ton1 8+c+ lasted for abo)t a
fortn&+t lon&er1 and on t+e *=t+ (ffteen da"s after '" drea') I 8as net+er
)n$re$ared nor s)r$rsed to rece2e a tele&ra' fro' En&land1 sa"n& t+at
'" fat+erCnCla8 +ad ded n Br&+ton on !o2e'ber *st. ()bseE)ent letters
s+o8ed t+at t+e deat+ occ)rred on t+e night of t+e *st.
,rea's1 as a r)le1 lea2e lttle '$resson on 'e1 and t+e one abo2e
referred to s t+e onl" one I e2er t+o)&+t of 'a3n& a note of1 or of loo3n&
e#$ectantl" for ts f)lfl'ent.
I 'a" 'enton t+at at a ')c+ earler $erod of '" lfe I 8as sttn&
occ)$ed n a roo' of a +o)se1 fro' 8+c+ I co)ld not see t+e a$$roac+ to
t+e +all door1 8+en s)ddenl" '" t+o)&+ts 8ere arrested1 and I t)rned a8a"
fro' '" $a$ers1 feeln& t+at a $erson 8+o' I +ad not been t+n3n& of1 nor
+ad seen for "ears1 8as at t+at 'o'ent 8t+n a fe8 ste$s of t+e +o)se1
noselessl"1 b)t ra$dl"1 a$$roac+n&. I lstened ntentl" for a 3noc31 8+c+
nstantl" follo8ed. I dd not 'o2e fro' '" seat1 feeln& satsfed t+at 8+at
dd follo8 8o)ld follo81 2N.1 t+at a ser2ant ''edatel" after8ards
anno)nced t+e +eretofore n2sble1 b)t )nacco)ntabl" s)dden1 e#$ected
2stor. T+ese occ)rrences I +a2e often t+o)&+t o2er1 8t+o)t ben& able n
an" 8a" to satsfactorl" acco)nt for t+e'G t+e" stand o)t n relef )$on a
'e'or" b)t l&+tl" c+ar&ed 8t+1 t+o)&+ not nsensble to1 s)c+ t+n&s.
R. VIC%RY BOYLE.
L/rs. Bo"le 8rtes as follo8sJM
Bth August *AA=.
I 8ell re'e'ber '" +)sband telln& 'e one 'ornn&1 earl" n
!o2e'ber1 *ABA1 8+en at ('la1 n Inda1 t+at +e +ad +ad a str3n& drea'
(re$eated) n 8+c+ '" fat+er1 t+en at Br&+ton1 see'ed to be d"n&. 6e
8ere bot+ dee$l" '$ressed1 and t+en an#o)sl" a8ated ne8s fro' +o'e.
% tele&ra' frst reac+ed )s1 n abo)t a fortn&+t1 8+c+ 8as after8ards
confr'ed b" letters1 +i,GJP- telln& of '" fat+er5s deat+ +a2n& occ)rred on
t+e sa'e n&+t 8+en '" +)sband +ad t+e drea'.
ELeO!ORE %. BOYLE.
LG)rne" addsJM
T+e follo8n& entres 8ere co$ed b" 'e fro' /r. Bo"le5s dar"J
t+e n&+t of
*
!o2. .. ,rea'ed of E.5s 4Lat+erM earl" t+s 'ornn&.
6rtten before dressn&.
!o2. *=. Got tele&ra' fro' LLo)sM -Lac3M t+s 'ornn&
of +s fat+er5s deat+ on *st !o2. nst.9
T+e follo8n& obt)ar" notce of t+e decease of /r. Bo"le5s fat+erCnC
la8 occ)rred n t+e Times for <t+ !o2e'ber *ABAJ
On *st !o2.1 at Br&+ton1 6lla' -ac31 late of ,e$$e1 a&ed =.19
On (e$te'ber *=t+1 *AA=1 I rece2ed fro' /r. Bo"le a co$" ('ade b"
/ss P. -ac31 nece of t+e deceased) of an entr" 'ade b" +s 'ot+er (ssterC
nCla8 of deceased) n +er Do)rnal1 on ()nda"1 !o2e'ber *st1 *ABA1 8+c+
s+o8s t+e +o)r of deat+. In t+s entr"1 after so'e detals of t+e last +o)rs1
occ)r t+e 8ordsJ %t a fe8 'n)tes after . o5cloc3 LP./.M +e ceased to
breat+e.9
/r. Bo"le nfor'ed 'e t+at +e s a $artc)larl" so)nd slee$er1 and 2er"
rarel" drea's.9 T+s drea' 8as a 2er" )nE)e and '$ress2e e#$erence1
a$art fro' t+e concdence.
T+ere 8as a re&)lar corres$ondence bet8een /rs. Bo"le and +er
'ot+er1 b)t for se2eral 'als t+e letters +ad contaned no 'enton of +er
fat+er1 on 8+ose acco)nt absol)tel" no an#et" 8as felt.
E. G.
It 8ll be seen t+at n t+s case t+ere s an entr" 'ade before t+e deat+
8as 3no8n n /r. Bo"le5s dar". T+e 2son1 8+c+ rec)rred t8ce1 8as of a
s'$le 3ndG and +ere a&an '&+t be nter$reted as an '$resson fro' t+e
'nd of t+e 8fe 8+o +ad been 8atc+n& besde t+e d"n& 'an1 transferred
so'e nne +o)rs later to t+e slee$n& sonCnCla8. (o far as t+e 8fe5s
consco)s t+o)&+t t)rned to ot+ers at t+at t'e1 t 8o)ld $robabl" t)rn to +er
da)&+ter rat+er t+an to +er sonCnCla8. /r. Bo"le5s ot+er e#$erence
ndcates a $s"c+cal sensblt" 8+c+ '&+t deflect t+e 'essa&e fro' /rs.
Bo"le to +'selfG alt+o)&+ e2en on t+at 2e8 +s s$ecal $ro#'t" to /rs.
Bo"le 'a" +a2e been a necessar" factor n +s $erc$ence.
+(+ . T+e sn&le drea' 8+c+ a 'an +as noted do8n n all +s lfe
(tands e2dentall" n al'ost as &ood a $oston as a sn&le 8a3n&
+all)cnaton. Co'$are t+e sn&le drea' noted do8n n all +s lfe b" /r.
(no8 (r Ed8ard) -a'lton1 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 1 $. .B=1 8+c+ 'a" ftl"
be E)oted +ere n ll)straton1 alt+o)&+ $er+a$s not $recsel" of t+e sa'e
t"$e. It s)&&ests rat+er t+e $roDecton of t+e s)ffern& brot+er5s +i,GJG-
conce$ton of +'self1 es$ecall" f +e 8ere 8rtn& to t+e brot+er at +o'e at
t+e t'e.
P%RR L%!E C-%/BER(1 P%RR L%!E1 6.1
Apri Bth, *AAA.
On T)esda" 'ornn&1 /arc+ .>t+1 *AAA1 I 8o3e )$ 8t+ t+e '$resson
of a 2er" 22d drea'. I +ad drea't t+at '" brot+er1 8+o +ad lon& been n
%)strala1 and of 8+o' I +ad +eard not+n& for se2eral 'ont+s1 +ad co'e
+o'eG t+at after an absence of t8el2e "ears and a +alf +e 8as 2er" lttle
altered n a$$earance1 b)t t+at +e +ad so'et+n& 8ron& 8t+ one of +s
ar'sG t loo3ed +orrbl" red near t+e 8rst1 +s +and ben& bent bac3.
6+en I &ot )$ t+at 'ornn& t+e drea' rec)rred constantl" to '"
t+o)&+ts1 and I at last deter'ned to ta3e a note of t1 not8t+standn& '"
nat)ral $reD)dces a&anst attac+n& an" '$ortance to drea's1 to 8+c+1
ndeed1 I a' not ')c+ s)bDect. %ccordn&l"1 n t+e co)rse of t+e da"1 I 'ade
n '" lttle Letts5s ,ar" a 'ar3 t+)sJ 01 8t+ '" brot+er5s na'e after t.
On t+e follo8n& /onda" 'ornn&1 t+e .>t+ /arc+1 I rece2ed a letter
fro' '" brot+er1 8+c+ bore t+e date of t+e .*st /arc+1 and 8+c+ +ad
been $osted at !a$les (8+ere t+e <rient stea'ers to)c+)1 nfor'n& 'e t+at
+e 8as on +s 8a" +o'e1 and t+at +e +o$ed to reac+ London on or abo)t t+e
;>t+ /arc+1 and addn& t+at +e 8as s)ffern& fro' a 2er" se2ere attac3 of
&o)t n t+e left ar'.
T+e ne#t da" I related to so'e one t+s c)ro)s ncdent1 and I
co''ented on t+e e#traordnar" concdence of facts 8t+ t+e drea' 8t+
all b)t one detal1 and t+at 8as1 t+at t+e ar' 8+c+ I +ad seen n '" drea'
dd not loo3 as f t 8ere 'erel" affected 8t+ &o)tJ t+e a$$earance t +ad
$resented to 'e 8as 'ore l3e e#tre'el" bad ecNe'a.
/" brot+er d)l" reac+ed En&land on t+e .@t+1 +a2n& dse'bar3ed at
Pl"'o)t+1 o8n& to t+e $anf)l condton of +s ar'. It t)rned o)t t+at t+e
doctor on board s+$ +ad 'sta3en t+e caseG t 8as not &o)t1 b)t a case of
bloodC$osonn&1 res)ltn& n a 2er" bad carb)ncle or abscess o2er t+e 8rst
Dont.
(nce '" brot+er5s ret)rn1 I +a2e endea2o)red to ascertan fro' +' t+e
e#act +o)r at 8+c+ +e 8rote to 'e on /arc+ .*st. -e s not certan 8+et+er
t+e letter to 'e 8as 8rtten before noon or after noon of t+at da". -e
re'e'bers 8rtn& fo)r s+ort letters n t+e co)rse of t+at da"t8o before
l)nc+eon and t8o after l)nc+eon. -ad t+e note addressed to 'e been 8rtten
n t+e forenoon1 t '&+t nearl" +a2e concded n t'e 8t+ '" drea'1 f
allo8ance be 'ade for t+e dfference of t'e bet8een Green8c+ and
!a$lesG for1 +a2n& no recollecton of t+e drea' 8+en I 8o3e1 accordn& to
c)sto'1 at an earl" +o)r on t+e 'ornn& of t+e .*st1 I $res)'e I ')st +a2e
drea't t 2er" lttle before e&+t o5cloc31 t+e +o)r at 8+c+ I a' called.
I 'a" add t+at1 not8t+standn& an absence of t8el2e "ears and a +alf1
'" brot+er +as altered 2er" lttle n a$$earanceG and t+at I +a2e not to '"
3no8led&e e2er noted a drea' before n '" lfe.
E. 6. -%/ILTO!.
LG)rne" addsJM
Apri *.th, *AAA.
I +a2e seen t+e dar" 8t+ t+e entr" (01 Cle'.) )nder T)esda"1 /arc+
.>t+1 *AAA1 t+o)&+1 as /r. -a'lton sa"s1 t 8as earl" t+e ne#t 'ornn&
t+at +i,GJH- I +ad t+e drea'G for I &enerall" consder all t+at a$$ertans to
bed relates to t+e da" on 8+c+ one &ets nto t.9
I +a2e seen t+e letter1 s&ned Cle'ent E. -a'lton1 and dated !a$les1
/arc+ .*st1 *AAA1 8+c+ sa"s1 %' s)ffern& fro' 2er" se2ere attac3 of
&o)t n left ar'.9E. G.
(o'e8+at s'lar a&an1 s a case 8+c+ I &2e n +(+ A, 8+ere a lttle
bo" of fo)r "ears old absent fro' +s +o'e1 8t+ +s fat+er1 beco'es a8are1
8+le aslee$1 of t+e )ne#$ected fact t+at t+ere s a lttle bab" n bed 8t+
'a''a.9 6+at 'a3es "o) t+n3 t+atW9 as3ed t+e fat+er1 to 8+o'1
$robabl"1 rat+er t+an to lttle -)&+e1 t+e 'ot+er '&+t +a2e 8s+ed to send
t+s nfor'aton. Beca)se I sa# t la"n& besde +er n t+e bed19 8as t+e
)n&ra''atcal1 b)t decs2e re$l".
!e#t I E)ote n +(+ B, a case 8+ere a 8fe bet8een slee$n& and 8a3n&
sees +er +)sband carred 8o)nded off t+e feld of battle1 and +ears +s 2oce
sa"n&1 Ta3e t+s rn& off '" fn&er and send t to '" 8fe.9
% t+rd case 8+c+ I also &2e (n +(+ C)1 e#e'$lfes t+e
co'')ncaton of an e'otonal dstress fro' a lad" to +er dstant +)sband1
8+o 8as 8a3ed b" +earn& +er call +' on t+e n&+t after s+e +ad +eard of a
dan&ero)s accdent to +er ne$+e8.
+(, . %nd +ere I feel bo)nd to ntrod)ce so'e sa'$les of a certan class
of drea's1'ore nterestn&1 $er+a$s1 and certanl" 'ore $er$le#n& t+an
an" ot+ersGb)t belon&n& to a cate&or" of $+eno'ena 8+c+ at $resent I
can 'a3e no atte'$t to e#$lan. I 'ean $reco&nt2e drea'sG$ct)res or
2sons n 8+c+ f)t)re e2ents are foretold or de$cted1 &enerall" 8t+ 'ore
or less of s"'bols'1and &enerall" also n a 'ode so re'ote fro' t+e
$re2sons of o)r eart+l" sa&act" t+at 8e s+all fnd o)rsel2es dr2en1 n a
later dsc)sson1 to s$ea3 n 2a&)e ter's of &l'$ses nto a cos'c $ct)reC
&aller"Gor of scenc re$resentatons co'$osed and offered to )s b"
ntell&ences +&+er and 'ore dstant t+an an" s$rt 8+o' 8e +a2e 3no8n.
I &2e n t+e te#t a t+oro)&+l" c+aracterstc e#a'$leGc+aracterstc al3e
n ts defnteness1 ts $)r$oselessness1 ts solated )nntell&blt"Gand
ot+ers are E)oted n %$$endces.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ?>?.)
4ro' /r. %lfred Coo$er1 of @ -enretta (treet1 Ca2ends+ (E)are1 6.
LT+s acco)nt 8as orall" confr'ed b" +' to /r. E. G)rne"1 7)ne Bt+1
*AAA. It s 8rtten b" /r. Coo$er1 b)t attested also b" t+e ,)c+ess of
-a'lton.M
% fortn&+t before t+e deat+ of t+e late Earl of L 1 n *AA.1 I called
)$on t+e ,)3e of -a'lton1 n -ll (treet1 to see +' $rofessonall". %fter I
+ad fns+ed seen& +' 8e 8ent nto t+e dra8n&Croo'1 8+ere t+e ,)c+ess
8as1 and t+e ,)3e sad to 'e1 O+1 Coo$erG +o8 s t+e EarlW9
T+e ,)c+ess sad1 6+at EarlW9 and on '" ans8ern& Lord L 19
s+e re$led1 T+at s 2er" odd. I +a2e +ad a 'ost e#traordnar" 2son. I
8ent to bed1 b)t after ben& n bed a s+ort t'e1 I 8as not e#actl" aslee$1 b)t
+i,GJI- t+o)&+t I sa8 a scene as f fro' a $la" before 'e. T+e actors n t
8ere Lord L 1 n a c+ar1 as f n a ft1 8t+ a 'an standn& o2er +'
8t+ a red beard. -e 8as b" t+e sde of a bat+1 o2er 8+c+ bat+ a red la'$
8as dstnctl" s+o8n.9
I t+en sad1 I a' attendn& Lord L at $resentG t+ere s 2er" lttle t+e
'atter 8t+ +'G +e s not &on& to deG +e 8ll be all r&+t 2er" soon.9
6ell1 +e &ot better for a 8ee3 and 8as nearl" 8ell1 b)t at t+e end of s#
or se2en da"s after t+s I 8as called to see +' s)ddenl". -e +ad
nfla''aton of bot+ l)n&s.
I called n (r 6lla' 7enner1 b)t n s# da"s +e 8as a dead 'an. T+ere
8ere t8o 'ale n)rses attendn& on +'G one +ad been ta3en ll. B)t 8+en I
sa8 t+e ot+er t+e drea' of t+e ,)c+ess 8as e#actl" re$resented. -e 8as
standn& near a bat+ o2er t+e Earl and1 stran&e to sa"1 +s beard 8as red.
T+ere 8as t+e bat+ 8t+ t+e red la'$ o2er t. It s rat+er rare to fnd a bat+
8t+ a red la'$ o2er t1 and t+s bro)&+t t+e stor" to '" 'nd.
T+e 2son seen b" t+e ,)c+ess 8as told t8o 8ee3s before t+e deat+ of
Lord L . It s a 'ost re'ar3able t+n&.
T+s acco)nt1 8rtten n *AAA1 +as been re2sed b" t+e LlateM ,)3e of
/anc+ester1 fat+er of t+e ,)c+ess of -a'lton1 8+o +eard t+e 2son fro'
+s da)&+ter on t+e 'ornn& after s+e +ad seen t.
((&ned) /%RY -%/ILTO!.
%L4RE, COOPER.
-er Grace +ad been readn& and +ad D)st blo8n o)t t+e candle.
-er Grace +as +ad 'an" drea's 8+c+ +a2e co'e tr)e "ears after.
%L4RE, COOPER.
LT+e ,)c+ess onl" 3ne8 Lord L b" s&+t1 and +ad not +eard t+at +e
8as ll. (+e 3ne8 s+e 8as not aslee$1 for s+e o$ened +er e"es to &et rd of
t+e 2son and1 s+)ttn& t+e'1 sa8 t+e sa'e t+n& a&an.M
%n nde$endent and concordant acco)nt +as been &2en to 'e
(4.6.-./.) orall" b" a &entle'an to 8+o' t+e ,)c+ess related t+e drea'
on t+e 'ornn& after ts occ)rrence.
+(' . ,r. Br)ce5s narrat2e1 8+c+ I ne#t &2e n +(' A , 8rtten b" an
ntell&ent 'an1 8+le t+e facts 8ere "et fres+1 see's to 'e of +&+
'$ortance. If 8e acce$t t+e rest of +s stor"1 8e ')st1 I t+n31 s)$$ose t+at
t+e sense of s$rt)al $resence 8t+ 8+c+ t+e ncdent be&an 8as 'ore t+an
a 'ere s)bDect2e fanc". (+all 8e refer t to t+e ')rdered 'an5s ssterG
8t+ 8+o' t+e drea'er see'ed after8ards to be n tele$at+c relatonW Or
s+all 8e nter$ret t as a 3nd of s)''ons fro' t+e d"n& 'an1 dra8n& on1
as t 8ere1 +s frend5s s$rt to 8tness t+e act)al ')rder and t+e s)bseE)ent
sceneW T+e fact t+at anot+er frend1 n anot+er localt" a$$arentl"1 +ad a
2son of s'lar nat)re1 tells so'e8+at n fa2o)r of t+e s)$$oston t+at t+e
decedent5s s$rt 8as o$erat2e n bot+ casesG snce 8e 2er" seldo'f e2er
fnd an a&ent $rod)cn& an '$resson n t8o se$arate $laces at onceor
nearl" soe#ce$t at or D)st after t+e 'o'ent of deat+.
In t+s 2e81 t+e ncdent rese'bles a scene $assn& n a s$rt)al +i,GJJ-
8orld. T+e d"n& 'an s)''ons +s brot+erCnCla8G t+e brot+erCnCla8 2sts
t+e scene of ')rder1 and t+ere s$rt)all" co'')ncates 8t+ +s 8fe1 t+e
sster1 8+o s cor$oreall" n t+at scene1 and t+en sees f)rt+er detals of t+e
scene1 8+c+ +e does not )nderstand1 and 8+c+ are not e#$laned to +'.
4antastc t+o)&+ t+s e#$lanaton see's1 t s not eas" to +t on a s'$ler
one 8+c+ 8ll co2er t+e facts as stated. Co)ld 8e acce$t t1 8e s+o)ld +a2e
a 3nd of transton bet8een t8o &ro)$s of cases1 8+c+ alt+o)&+ a$$arentl"
so dfferent 'a" for' $arts of a contn)o)s seres. I 'ean t+e cases 8+ere
t+e drea'er 2sts a dstant scene1 and t+e cases 8+ere anot+er s$rt 2sts
t+e drea'er.
+(* . Ta3n&1 t+en1 ,r. Br)ce5s case to brd&e t+e nter2al bet8een t+ese
t8o &ro)$s1 I &o on to a case 8+c+ $ro$erl" belon&s to t+e second, t+o)&+
t stll +as ')c+ n co''on 8t+ t+e $irst. I s+all E)ote /rs. (tore5s
narrat2e at f)ll len&t+ n t+e te#tG beca)se t+e case s1 n '" D)d&'ent1 bot+
e2dentall" 2er" stron&1 and also n t+e nad2etU of ts conf)son1 e#tre'el"
s)&&est2e of t+e 8a" n 8+c+ t+ese $s"c+cal co'')ncatons are 'ade.
/rs. (tore1 8+o s no8 dead1 8as1 b" t+e test'on" of Ed')nd G)rne"1
Professor (d&8c31 and ot+ers1 a 8tness e'nentl" deser2n& of tr)stG and1
besdes a corroboraton fro' +er +)sband of t+e 'anfestaton of a tro)bled
drea'1 before t+e e2ent 8as 3no8n1 8e +a2e t+e act)al notes 8rtten do8n
b" +er1 as s+e nfor'ed )s1 t+e da"1 or t+e da" after1 t+e ne8s of t+e fatal
accdent arr2ed1 solel" for +er o8n )se1 and )n'sta3abl" reflectn& t+e
nco+erent '$ress2eness of t+e bro3en 2son. T+ese notes for' t+e
narrat2e &2en n &hantasms o$ the .iving (2ol. . $. ;=>) 8+c+ I re$rod)ce
+ere. T+e fact t+at t+e deceased brot+er 8as a t#in of /rs. (tore5s adds
nterest to t+e case1 snce one cl)e (a 2a&)e one as "et) to t+e ca)ses
drectn& and deter'nn& tele$at+c co'')ncatons les n 8+at see's
t+er e#ce$tonal freE)enc" bet8een t#ins/t+e closest of all relatons.
-OB%RT TO6!1 1uy *A=<.
On t+e e2enn& of t+e *At+ 7)l"1 I felt )n)s)all" ner2o)s. T+s see'ed to
be&n L8t+ t+e occ)rrence of a s'all do'estc anno"anceM abo)t +alfC$ast A
o5cloc3. 6+en I 8ent to '" roo' I e2en felt as f so'e one 8as t+ere. I
fanced1 as I ste$$ed nto bed1 t+at so'e one in thought tred to sto$ 'e. %t
.1 o5cloc3 I 8o3e fro' t+e follo8n& drea'. It see'ed l3e n dssol2n&
2e8s. In a t8n3le of l&+t I sa8 a ral8a"1 and t+e $)ff of t+e en&ne. I
t+o)&+t1 6+at5s &on& on )$ t+ereW Tra2elln&W I 8onder f an" of )s are
tra2elln& and I drea'n& of t9 Some one )nseen b" 'e ans8ered1 !oG
so'et+n& E)te dfferentso'et+n& 8ron&.9 I don5t l3e to loo3 at t+ese
t+n&s19 I sad. T+en I sa8 be+nd and abo2e '" +ead 6lla'5s )$$er +alf
reclnn&1 e"es and 'o)t+ +alf s+)tG +s c+est 'o2ed for8ard con2)ls2el"1
and +e rased +s r&+t ar'. T+en +e bent for8ard1 sa"n&1 I s)$$ose I
s+o)ld 'o2e o)t of t+s.9 T+en I sa8 +' l"n&1 e"es s+)t1 on t+e &ro)nd1
flat. T+e c+'ne" of an en&ne at +s +ead. I called n e#cte'ent1 T+at 8ll
str3e +'Z9 T+e so'e one9 ans8ered Yes8ell1 +ere5s 8+at t 8as9G and
''edatel" I sa8 6lla' sttn& n t+e o$en arfant 'oonl&+ton a
rased +i,GJK- $lace sde8a"s. -e rased +s r&+t ar'1 s+)ddered1 and sad1
I can5t &o on1 or bac31 No.9 T+en +e see'ed l"n& flat. I cred o)t1 O+Z
O+Z9 and ot+ers see'ed to ec+o1 O+Z O+Z9 -e see'ed t+en )$on +s
elbo81 sa"n&1 !o8 t co'es.9 T+en as f str)&&ln& to rse1 t)rned t8ce
ro)nd E)c3l"1 sa"n&1 Is t t+e tranW the train, the train,9 +s r&+t
s+o)lder re2erberatn& as f str)c3 fro' be+nd. -e fell bac3 l3e fantn&G
+s e"es rolled. % lar&e dar3 obDect ca'e bet8een )s l3e $anelln& of 8ood1
and rat+er n t+e dar3 so'et+n& rolled o2er1 and l3e an ar' 8as t+ro8n )$1
and t+e 8+ole t+n& 8ent a8a" 8t+ a s#ish. Close besde 'e on t+e &ro)nd
t+ere see'ed a lon& dar3 obDect. I called o)t1 T+e"52e left so'et+n&
be+ndG t5s l3e a 'an.9 It t+en rased ts s+o)lders and +ead1 and fell do8n
a&an. T+e sa'e some one ans8ered1 Yes, sady. LWYes, sadl".M %fter a
'o'ent I see'ed called on to loo3 )$1 and sad1 Is t+at thing not a8a"
"etW9 %ns8ered1 No. %nd n front1 n l&+t1 t+ere 8as a ral8a"
co'$art'ent n 8+c+ sat Re2. /r. 7o+nstone1 of Ec+)ca. I sad1 6+at5s +e
don& t+ereW9 %ns8ered1 -e5s t+ere.9 % ral8a" $orter 8ent )$ to t+e
8ndo8 as3n&1 -a2e "o) seen an" of .9 I ca)&+t no 'ore1 b)t I
thought +e referred to t+e thing left be+nd. /r. 7o+nstone see'ed to ans8er
No/ and t+e 'an 8ent E)c3l" a8a"I t+o)&+t to loo3 for t. %fter all
t+s t+e some one sad close to 'e1 !o8 I5' &on&.9 I started1 and at once
sa8
a tall dar3 f&)re at '" +ead
6lla'5s bac3 at '" sde. -e $)t +s r&+t +and (n &ref) o2er +s
face1 and t+e ot+er al'ost to)c+n& '" s+o)lder1 +e crossed n front1
loo3n& stern and sole'n. T+ere 8as a flas+ fro' t+e e"es1 and I ca)&+t a
&l'$se of a fne $ale face l3e )s+ern& +' alon&1 and ndstnctl" anot+er.
I felt fr&+tened1 and called o)t1 Is +e an&r"W9 O+1 no.9 Is +e &on&
a8a"W9 %ns8ered1 Yes, b" t+e sa'e some one, and I 8o3e 8t+ a lo)d
s&+1 8+c+ 8o3e '" +)sband1 8+o sad1 6+at s tW9 I told +' I +ad been
drea'n& so'et+n& )n$leasant9na'ed a ral8a"19 and ds'ssed t all
fro' '" 'nd as a drea'. %s I fell aslee$ a&an I fanced t+e so'e one9
sad1 It5s all &one19 and anot+er ans8ered1 I5ll co'e and re'nd +er.9
T+e ne8s reac+ed 'e one 8ee3 after8ards. T+e accdent +ad +a$$ened
to '" brot+er on t+e sa'e n&+t abo)t +alfC$ast @ o5cloc3. Re2. /r.
7o+nstone and +s 8fe 8ere act)all" n t+e tran 8+c+ str)c3 +'. -e 8as
8al3n& alon& t+e lne1 8+c+ s rased t8o feet on a le2el co)ntr". -e
see'ed to +a2e &one *B 'les')st +a2e been tred and sat do8n to ta3e
off +s boot1 8+c+ 8as besde +'1 doNed off and 8as 2er" l3el" ro)sed b"
t+e so)nd of t+e tranG =B s+ee$Ctr)c3s +ad $assed 8t+o)t to)c+n& +'1 b)t
so'e 8ooden $roDecton1 l3el" t+e ste$1 +ad to)c+ed t+e right sde of +s
+ead1 br)sed +s r&+t s+o)lder1 and 3lled +' nstantaneo)sl". T+e n&+t
8as 2er" dar3. I bele2e no8 t+at t+e some one 8as (fro' so'et+n& n t+e
#ay +e s$o3e) 6lla' himse$. T+e face 8t+ +' 8as 8+te as alabaster1
and so'et+n& l3e t+s La s'all s3etc+ $asted onM n $rofle. T+ere 8ere
'an" ot+er t+o)&+ts or 8ords see'ed to $ass1 b)t t+e" are too 'an" to
8rte do8n +ere.
T+e 2oce of t+e so'e one9 )nseen see'ed a#ays above t+e f&)re of
6lla' 8+c+ I sa8. %nd 8+en I 8as s+o8n t+e co'$art'ent of t+e
carra&e 8t+ /r. 7o+nstone1 t+e some one see'ed on a lne bet8een 'e
and1 tabove 'e.
LIn an acco)ntCboo3 of /rs. (tore5s1 on a $a&e +eaded 7)l" *A=<1 8e
fnd t+e *At+ da" 'ar3ed1 and t+e 8ords1 ,ear 6lle ded19 and
,rea'ed1 drea'ed of t all19 a$$ended.
T+e frst letter1 fro' t+e Re2. 7. C. 7o+nstone to t+e Re2. 7o+n (tore1 +i,
GJL- anno)ncn& t+e ne8s of t+e accdent1 s lost. T+e follo8n& are e#tracts
fro' +s second and t+rd letters on t+e s)bDectJM
EC-:C%1 *>th August *A=<.
T+e $lace 8+ere -)nter 8as 3lled s on an o$en $lan1 and t+ere 8as
conseE)entl" $lent" of roo' for +' to esca$e t+e tran +ad +e been
consco)sG b)t I t+n3 /eldr)'5s t+eor" s t+e correct one1 t+at +e +ad sat
do8n to adD)st so'e banda&es on +s le& and +ad t+o)&+tlessl" &one off to
slee$. T+ere s onl" one lne of rals1 and t+e &ro)nd s rased abo)t . feet
t+e &ro)nd on 8+c+ t+e rals rest. -e +ad $robabl" sat do8n on t+e ed&e1
and lan do8n bac38ards so as to be 8t+n reac+ of so'e $art of t+e tran.
It 8as not 3no8n at t+e t'e t+at an accdent +ad occ)rred. /rs. 7o+nstone
and '"self 8ere n t+e tran. /eldr)' sa"s +e 8as not 2er" ')c+ cr)s+ed.
T+e to$ of t+e s3)ll 8as str)c3 off1 and so'e rbs 8ere bro3en )nder t+e
ar'$t on one sde. -s bod" 8as fo)nd on t+e ()nda" 'ornn& b" a +erdC
bo" fro' t+e adDonn& staton.
August .@th, *A=<.
T+e e#act t'e at 8+c+ t+e tran str)c3 $oor -)nter ')st +a2e been
abo)t @.?? P./.1 and +s deat+ ')st +a2e been nstantaneo)s.
LT+e abo2e corres$onds 8t+ t+e acco)nt of t+e nE)est n t+e 7iverine
'erad for 7)l" ..nd. T+e 2ebourne Argus also descrbes t+e accdent as
+a2n& ta3en $lace on t+e n&+t of (at)rda"1 t+e *At+.
T+e follo8n& re'ar3s are ta3en fro' notes 'ade b" Professor
(d&8c31 d)rn& an nter2e8 8t+ /rs. (tore1 n %$rl *AA<1 and b" /rs.
(d&8c3 after anot+er nter2e8 n (e$te'ber *AA?JM
/rs. (tore cannot re&ard t+e e#$erence e#actl" as a drea'1 t+o)&+ s+e
8o3e )$ fro' t. (+e s s)re t+at t dd not &ro8 'ore defnte n
recollecton after8ards. (+e ne2er +ad a seres of scenes n a drea' at an"
ot+er t'eG and s+e +as ne2er +ad an"t+n& l3e a +all)cnaton. T+e" 8ere
ntrod)ced b" a 2oce n a 8+s$er1 not reco&nsed as +er brot+er5s. -e +ad
sat on t+e ban3 as +e a$$eared n t+e drea'. T+e en&ne s+e sa8 be+nd +'
+ad a c+'ne" of $ec)lar s+a$e1 s)c+ as s+e +ad not at t+at t'e seenG and
s+e re'e'bers t+at /r. (tore t+o)&+t +er fools+ abo)t nsstn& on t+e
c+'ne")nl3e (+e sad) an" 8+c+ e#stedG b)t +e nfor'ed +er 8+en +e
ca'e bac3 fro' Vctora1 8+ere +er brot+er 8as1 t+at en&nes of t+s 3nd
+ad D)st been ntrod)ced t+ere. (+e +ad no reason to t+n3 t+at an"
con2ersaton bet8een t+e $orter and t+e cler&"'an act)all" occ)rred. T+e
$ersons 8+o see'ed to lead +er brot+er a8a" 8ere not reco&nsed b" +er1
and s+e onl" sa8 t+e face of one of t+e'.
/r. (tore confr's +s 8fe +a2n& sad to +' at t+e t'e of t+e drea'1
6+at s t+at l&+tW9 Before 8rtn& t+e acco)nt frst E)oted1 s+e +ad D)st
'entoned t+e drea' to +er +)sband1 b)t +ad not descrbed t. (+e desred
not to t+n3 of t1 and also 8as )n8lln& to 8orr" +' abo)t t beca)se of
+s ()nda"5s 8or3. T+s last $ont1 t 8ll be obser2ed1 s a confr'aton of
t+e fact t+at t+e drea' too3 $lace on t+e (at)rda" n&+tG and t ca'e o)t
clearl"9 (/rs. (d&8c3 sa"s) t+at +er recollecton abo)t t+e (at)rda"
n&+t 8as an nde$endent recollecton1 and not read bac3 after t+e accdent
8as 3no8n.9 T+e stron&l" ner2o)s state t+at $receded t+e drea' 8as E)te
)nE)e n /rs. (.5s e#$erence. B)t as t a$$eared t+at1 accordn& to +er
recollecton1 t co''enced at least an +o)r before t+e accdent too3 $lace1 t
')st be re&arded as of no '$ortance e2dentall". T+e feeln& of a $resence
n t+e roo' 8as also E)te )nE)e.
+i,GJM-
-ere19 sa"s G)rne"1 t+e dffc)lt" of referrn& t+e tr)e ele'ents of t+e
drea' to t+e a&ent5s 'nd Ls 2er" &reatM. 4or /r. -)nter 8as aslee$G and
e2en f 8e can conce2e t+at t+e 'a&e of t+e ad2ancn& en&ne 'a" +a2e
+ad so'e $lace n +s 'nd1 t+e $resence of /r. 7o+nstone co)ld not +a2e
been $erce2ed b" +'. B)t t s $ossble1 of co)rse1 to re&ard t+s last te'
of corres$ondence as accdental1 e2en t+o)&+ t+e drea' 8as tele$at+c. It
8ll be obser2ed t+at t+e drea' follo8ed t+e accdent b" abo)t fo)r +o)rsG
s)c+ de$erment s1 I t+n31 a stron& $ont n fa2o)r of tele$at+c1 as o$$osed
to nde$endent1 clar2o"ance.9
I $ro$ose as an alternat2e e#$lanaton1for reasons 8+c+ I endea2o)r
to D)stf" n later c+a$ters1t+at t+e deceased brot+er1 aded b" so'e ot+er
d'l" dscerned s$rt1 8as endea2o)rn& to $resent to /rs. (tore a seres
of $ct)res re$resentn& +s deat+as realsed a$ter +s deat+. I add t+s last
cla)se1 beca)se one of t+e 'ar3ed $onts n t+e drea' 8as t+e $resence n
t+e tran of /r. 7o+nstone of Ec+)caa fact 8+c+ (as G)rne" re'ar3s) t+e
d"n& 'an co)ld not $ossbl" 3no8.
I +a2e d8elt on t+ese t8o cases of ,r. Br)ce and /rs. (tore1 beca)se
t+e reader 8ll1 I t+n31 co'e to feel1 as o)r e2dence )nrolls tself1 t+at +e
+as +ere co'$le# e#$erences 8+c+ are confr'ed at 2aro)s $onts b"
s'$ler e#$erences1 n s)c+ a 8a" as to 'a3e t+ese stores see' a conf)sed
b)t an nt'ate transcr$t of 8+at ot+er narrat2es s+o8 n +nts and
&l'$ses alone.
+() . In /rs. (tore5s case t+e 8+ole e#$erence1 as 8e +a2e seen1
$resented tself as a dream/ "et as a drea' of E)te )n)s)al t"$e1 l3e a
seres of $ct)res $resented to t+e slee$er 8+o 8as stll consco)s t+at s+e
8as l"n& n bed. In ot+er cases t+e $s"c+cal n2ason9 of t+e s$rt et+er
of a l2n& or of a deceased $erson see's to set )$ a 2aret" of slee$C8a3n&
statesbot+ n a&ent and $erc$ent. In one bNarre narrat2e (t+at of /r.
P3e) 8+c+ I &2e n +() A , a 'an drea'n& t+at +e +as ret)rned +o'e s
heard n +s +o'e calln& for +ot 8aterand +as +'self a sn&)lar sense of
blocaton9 bet8een t+e ral8a" carra&e and +s bedroo'. T+e case of
/rs. /annn& . +() B / s closel" s'lar1 e#ce$t t+at /rs. /annn& s not1
l3e /r. P3e1 loo3n& for8ard n +er drea' to t+e ''edate f)t)re1 b)t s
re22n& 8t+ sn&)lar s$ontaneo)s force t+e lfe of t+e c+lds+ $ast In eac+
case t+e drea' +as set t+e drea'er at a dfferent $ont of t'e and $lace n
+s career18t+ s)c+ 22dness t+at ot+ers also see' to $erce2e +' at
t+at 'a&nar" $ont.
(o'e8+at s'lar s a narrat2e of /r. !e8n+a'5s . +() C /, b)t n t+at
nstance +e +'self see's not onl" to be trans$orted to +s $ianc;eQs close
ne&+bo)r+ood1 b)t act)all" to to)c+ +er (as s+e also feels +erself to)c+ed
b" +') at a s$ecal 'o'ent (of &on& )$stars to bed) 8+c+ +e co)ld not
+a2e +t )$on $recsel" b" 'ere calc)laton. T+s case tells stron&l" for
$s"c+cal n2ason9a conce$ton 8+c+ 8e s+all +a2e to dsc)ss 'ore
f)ll" n a later c+a$ter. In anot+er %$$end# . +() D / I &2e a sn&)lar +i,
GJN- stor" of a 3nd of encounter n drea'land1 a$$arentl" 'ore or less
re'e'bered b" bot+ $ersons.
%n n2ason of t+s t"$e co'n& )$on a slee$n& $erson s a$t to nd)ce
so'e c+an&e n t+e slee$er5s state1 8+c+1 e2en f +e re&ards t as a co'$lete
a8a3enn&1 s &enerall" s+o8n not to be so n fact b" t+e drea'l3e
c+aracter of +s o8n recorded feeln&s and )tterances. G)rne" called t+ese
Borderland Cases19 and t+e 8+ole collecton n &hantasms o$ the .iving
8ll re$a" $er)sal. I ntrod)ce one s)c+ case +ere n '" te#t as ben& at
once 2er" $er$le#n&1 and1 I t+n31 2er" stron&l" attested. I 3ne8 /r. and
/rs. T.1 8+o certanl" 8ere sero)sl" an#o)s for co'$lete acc)rac"1 and
8+o +ad (as t+e narrat2e s+o8s) 'ade a bref 'e'orand)' and cons)lted
2aro)s $ersons on t+e ncdent at t+e t'e. (I 'a" add t+at !o2e'ber *At+1
*AB;1 8as a 6ednesda"1 so t+at /r. T. ret)rned t+ree da"s after t+e 2son.)
I E)ote t+e case fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. <.?1 8t+ Ed')nd
G)rne"5s co''ents. T+e acco)nt 8as 8rtten b" /rs. T. n *AA;.
On !o2e'ber *At+1 *AB;1 I 8as l2n& near %delade1 and not lon&
reco2ered fro' a se2ere llness at t+e brt+ of an nfant1 8+o 8as t+en f2e
'ont+s old. /" +)sband +ad also s)ffered fro' ne)ral&a1 and +ad &one to
sta" 8t+ frends at t+e seasde for t+e beneft of bat+n&. One n&+t d)rn&
+s absence t+e c+ld 8o3e 'e abo)t 'dn&+tG +a2n& +)s+ed +' off to
slee$1 I sad1 !o81 sr1 I +o$e "o) 8ll let 'e restZ9 I la" do8n1 and
nstantl" beca'e consco)s of t8o f&)res standn& at t+e door of '" roo'.
One1 /.!. Lt+ese are not t+e real ntalsM1 8+o' I reco&nsed at once1 8as
t+at of a for'er lo2er1 8+ose 'scond)ct and ne&lect +ad co'$elled 'e to
reno)nce +'. Of t+s I a' s)re1 t+at f e2er I sa8 +' n '" lfe1 t 8as
t+en. I 8as not n t+e least fr&+tenedG b)t sad to '"self1 as t 8ere1 Yo)
ne2er )sed to 8ear t+at 3nd of 8astcoat.9 T+e door close to 8+c+ +e stood
8as n a dee$ recess close to t+e fre$lace1 for t+ere 8as no &rateG 8e b)rnt
lo&s onl". In t+at recess stood a 'an n a t8eed s)t. I sa8 t+e 8+ole f&)re
dstnctl"1 b)t not t+e face1 and for t+s reasonJ on t+e ed&e of t+e
'antels+elf al8a"s stood a 'orocco leat+er 'edcne c+est1 8+c+
concealed t+e face fro' 'e. (On t+s ben& stated to o)r frends1 t+e
(n&letons1 t+e" as3ed to &o nto t+e roo' and D)d&e for t+e'sel2es. T+e"
e#$ressed t+e'sel2es satsfed t+at 8o)ld be t+e case to an" one on t+e bed
8+ere I 8as.) I +ad an '$resson t+at t+s ot+er 8as a co)sn of /.!.5s1
8+o +ad been t+e 'eans of leadn& +' astra" 8+le n t+e !ort+ of
En&land. I ne2er sa8 +' n '" lfeG +e ded n Inda.
/.!. 8as n dee$ 'o)rnn&G +e +ad a loo3 of )n)tterable sorro8 )$on
+s face1 and 8as deadl" $ale. -e ne2er o$ened +s l$s1 b)t I read +s +eart
as f t 8ere an o$en boo31 and t sad1 /" fat+er s dead1 and I +a2e co'e
nto +s $ro$ert"19 I ans8ered1 -o8 ')c+ "o) +a2e &ro8n l3e "o)r
fat+erZ9 T+en n a 'o'ent1 #ithout appearing to #aB, +e stood at t+e foot
of t+e c+ld5s cot1 and I sa8 distincty t+e bl)eness of +s e"es as +e &aNed on
'" bo"1 and t+en rased t+e' to -ea2en as f n $ra"er.
%ll 2ans+ed. I loo3ed ro)nd and re'ar3ed a tr2al crc)'stance1 2N.1
t+at t+e brass +andles of '" c+est of dra8ers +ad been robbed 2er" br&+t.
!ot tll t+en 8as I consco)s of +a2n& seen a s$rt1 b)t a feeln& of a8e
(not fear) ca'e o2er 'e1 and I $ra"ed to be 3e$t fro' +ar'1 alt+o)&+ t+ere
8as no +i,GJO- reason to dread t. I sle$t tranE)ll"1 and n t+e 'ornn& I
8ent across to t+e $arsona&e and told t+e cler&"'an5s 8fe 8+at I +ad seen.
(+e1 of co)rse1 t+o)&+t t 8as 'erel" a drea'. B)t nof t 8ere a drea'
s+o)ld I not +a2e seen +' as ( had Bno#n him, a "o)n& 'an of t8ent"Ct8o1
8t+o)t beard or 8+s3ersW B)t t+ere 8as all t+e dfference t+at s#teen
"ears 8o)ld 'a3e n a 'an5s as$ect.
On (at)rda" '" +)sband ret)rned1 and '" brot+er +a2n& rdden o)t to
see )s on ()nda" afternoon1 I told t+e' bot+ '" 2son as 8e sat to&et+er
on t+e 2eranda+. T+e" treated t so l&+tl" t+at I deter'ned to 8rte t do8n
n '" dar" and see f t+e ne8s 8ere 2erfed. %nd fro' t+at dar" I a' no8
E)otn&. %lso I 'entoned t to at least t8el2e or fo)rteen ot+er $eo$le1 and
bd t+e' a8at t+e res)lt.
%nd s)rel" eno)&+1 at t+e end of se2eral 8ee3s1 '" ssterCnCla8 8rote
t+at /.!.5s fat+er ded at C Co''on on !o2e'ber *At+1 *AB;1 8+c+
e#actl" talled 8t+ t+e date of t+e 2son. -e left f<?1>>> to be d2ded
bet8een +s son and da)&+ter1 b)t t+e son +as ne2er been fo)nd.
/an" $eo$le n %delade +eard t+e stor" before t+e confr'aton ca'e1
and I 8rote and told /.!.5s 'ot+er. (+e 8as ')c+ dstressed abo)t t1
fearn& +e 8as )n+a$$". (+e s no8 dead. /" +)sband 8as $rofo)ndl"
str)c3 8+en +e sa8 '" dar" corres$ondn& e0acty to t+e ne8s n t+e letter
I +ad t+at 'o'ent rece2ed n +s $resence.
G)rne" adds t+e follo8n& note and co''entsJ
/r. T. +as confr'ed to )s t+e acc)rac" of t+s narrat2e1 and /rs. T.
+as s+o8n to one of )s a 'e'orand)' of t+e a$$earance of t8o f&)res1
)nder date !o2e'ber *At+1 n +er dar" of t+e "ear *AB;1 and a ne8s$a$er
obt)ar" confr's t+s as t+e date of t+e deat+. 6e learn fro' a &entle'an
8+o s a near relat2e of /.!.5s1 t+at /.!.1 t+o)&+ lon& lost s&+t of1 8as
after8ards +eard of1 and o)tl2ed +s fat+er.
If 8e re&ard t+s 2son as tele$at+c1 t+e a&ent can a$$arentl" onl" +a2e
been t+e d"n& 'anG and t+e case 8o)ld t+en see' to be an e#tre'e
nstance of t+e 2er" rare t"$e 8+ere t+e a&ent5s $ersonalt" does not a$$ear1
b)t so'e dea or $ct)re n +s 'nd s re$rod)ced n t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd
8t+ a force t+at leads to an act)al $erce$t. 4or1 as t+e narrator +erself
s)&&ests1 +ad s+e boded fort+ t+e dea of /.!. fro' +er o8n )naded
reso)rces1 s+e 8o)ld al'ost certanl" +a2e $ct)red +' 8t+ t+e as$ect t+at
+ad been fa'lar to +er. B)t t+o)&+ 8e +a2e to dra8 on t+e fat+er5s 'nd
for t+e )nfa'lar feat)res1 8e ')st not for&et t+e $ossbltes of a&enc"
belo8 t+e t+res+old of consco)sness. %nd t s at least 8ort+ s)&&estn&
t+at t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd bro)&+t ts o8n affntes to beare#ercsed1 so to
s$ea31 a select2e nfl)enceG and t+at t+)s t 8as rat+er o8n& to +er s$ecal
nterest n t+e son t+an to t+e consco)s occ)$aton of +s fat+er5s 'nd 8t+
+'1 t+at t+e tele$at+c '$)lse 'anfested tself to +er n t+s $artc)lar
for'. %s for t+e a$$earance of t+e second $igure, t 'a" $ossbl" +a2e been
also tele$at+call" $rod)cedG b)t I $refer to la" stress on t s'$l" as one of
t+e n)'ero)s ndcatons t+at t+ese 8a3n& $erce$ts are reall" drea'C
creatons1 not obDect2e $resences.
I s+o)ld not no8 ta3e t for &ranted t+at t+e a&ent +ere can a$$arentl"
onl" +a2e been t+e d"n& 'an.9 I t+n3 t $ossble1 n t+e l&+t of o)r no8
so'e8+at f)ller 3no8led&e1 t+at /.!.5s s$rt 8as a8are of +s +i,GKP-
fat+er5s deat+1e2en t+o)&+ $ossbl" /.!.5s s)$ral'nal self 'a" not +a2e
+eard of tGso t+at t+e n2adn& $resence n t+s case 'a" +a2e been t+e
dscarded lo2er +'self1drea'n& on +s o8n acco)nt at a dstance fro'
/rs. T. T+e second f&)re I re&ard as +a2n& been an obDect n /.!.5s
drea'Gs"'bolcal of +s o8n alenaton fro' /rs. T. %ll t+s so)nds
fancf)lG b)t I 'a" re'ar3 +ere (as often else8+ere)1 t+at I t+n3 t+at 8e
&an lttle b" atte'$tn& to enforce o)r o8n deas of s'$lct" )$on
narrat2es of t+s bNarre t"$e.
+(9 . T+ese cases of n2ason b" t+e s$rts of l2n& $ersons $ass on nto
cases of n2ason b" t+e d"n&1 of 8+c+ se2eral nstances are &2en n t+e
ne#t %$$end#1 t+e '$resson ben& &enerall" t+at of t+e $resence of t+e
2stant n t+e $erc$ent5s s)rro)ndn&s. (o'et'es t+e $+antas' s seen as
nearl" as can be ascertaned at t+e t'e of deat+. B)t t+ere s no $erce$tble
brea3 n t+e seres at t+s $ont. (o'e a$$ear s+ortl" after deat+ (e.g. n t+e
cases of /r. 6n&feld1 +(9 C 1 /rs. Green1 +(9 D , and /r. ,&no8t"1
+(9 E )1 before t+e deat+ s 3no8n to t+e $erc$ent. 4nall"1 t+ere are cases1
of 8+c+ I &2e one . +(9 F /, 8+en t+e a$$earance ta3es $lace so'e t'e
after deat+1 b)t $resents feat)res )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent.
+30 . 6e +a2e no8 brefl" re2e8ed certan $+eno'ena of slee$ fro' a
stand$ont so'e8+at dffern& fro' t+at 8+c+ s co''onl" ta3en. 6e
+a2e not (as s )s)al) f#ed o)r attenton $r'arl" on t+e negative
c+aracterstcs of slee$1 or t+e e#tent to 8+c+ t lac3s t+e ca$actes of
8a3n& +o)rs. On t+e contrar"1 8e +a2e re&arded slee$ as an nde$endent
$+ase of $ersonalt"1 e#stn& 8t+ as &ood a r&+t as t+e 8a3n& $+ase1 and
do8ered 8t+ '$erfectl" e#$ressed fac)ltes of ts o8n. In n2est&atn&
t+ose fac)ltes 8e +a2e been n no 8se deterred b" t+e fact of t+e a$$arent
)selessness of so'e of t+e' for o)r 8a3n& ends. Wseess s a $reCscentfc1
e2en an antCscentfc ter'1 8+c+ +as $er+a$s $ro2ed a &reater st)'bln&C
bloc3 to researc+ n $s"c+olo&" t+an n an" ot+er scence. In scence t+e use
of $+eno'ena s to $ro2e la8s1 and t+e 'ore bNarre and tr2al t+e
$+eno'ena1 t+e &reater t+e c+ance of t+er drectn& )s to so'e la8 8+c+
+as been o2erloo3ed tll no8. In re2e8n& t+e $+eno'ena of slee$1 t+en1
8e fo)nd n t+e frst $lace t+at t $ossesses a s$ecfc rec)$erat2e ener&"
8+c+ t+e co''onl" acce$ted data of $+"solo&" and $s"c+olo&" cannot
e#$lan. 6e sa8 t+at n slee$ t+ere 'a" be an ncreased coCordnaton or
centralsaton of ')sc)lar control1 and also an ncreased 22dness of
entence$+alc $erce$ton1 ndcatn& a 'ore nt'ate a$$recaton of ntraC
$er$+eral c+an&es t+an s 'anfest n 8a3n& lfe. In accordance 8t+ t+s
2e81 8e fo)nd t+at t+e drea'n& self 'a" )nder&o sensor" and e'otonal
e#$erences a$$arentl" 'ore ntense t+an t+ose of 2&lance1 and 'a"
$rod)ce t+ereb" lastn& effects )$on t+e 8a3n& bod" and 'nd. ('larl"
a&an1 8e sa8 t+at t+at s$ecfc '$ress on bod" and 'nd 8+c+ 8e ter'
'e'or"1 'a" n slee$n& or +"$notc states be bot+ 8der n ran&e and
f)ller n content t+an t+e e2ocable +i,GKG- 'e'or" of t+e 8a3n& da". !a"1
not 'e'or" onl"1 b)t $o8er of nference1 of ar&)'ent1 'a" be t+)s
ntensfed1 as s s+o8n b" t+e sol)ton n slee$ of $roble's 8+c+ +a2e
baffled 8a3n& effort.
%ll t+ese are fra&'entar" ndcatons1)seless for $ractcal $)r$oses f
"o) 8ll1of slee$n& fac)lt" e#ercsed on t+e sa'e order of t+n&s as
8a3n& fac)lt"1 and 8t+ co'$arable or e2en s)$eror $o8er. B)t 8e 8ere
bo)nd to $)s+ o)r nE)r" f)rt+er stll8e 8ere bo)nd to as3 8+et+er t+e
self of slee$ s+o8ed an" fac)lt" of a E)te dfferent order fro' t+at b"
8+c+ 8a3n& consco)sness 'antans t+e act2t" of 'an. 6e fo)nd t+at
t+s 8as so ndeedG t+at t+ere 8as e2dence t+at t+e slee$n& s$rt 8as
s)sce$tble of relatons )nfettered b" s$atal bondsG of telFst+etc $erce$ton
of dstant scenesG of tele$at+c co'')ncaton 8t+ dstant $ersons1 or e2en
8t+ s$rts of 8+o' 8e can $redcate net+er dstance nor nearness1 snce
t+e" are released fro' t+e $rson of t+e fles+.
+31 . T+e nference 8+c+ all t+s e2dence s)&&ests s entrel" n
accordance 8t+ t+e +"$ot+ess on 8+c+ '" 8+ole 8or3 s based.
I +a2e ass)'ed t+at 'an s an or&ans' nfor'ed or $ossessed b" a
so)l. T+s 2e8 ob2o)sl" n2ol2es t+e +"$ot+ess t+at 8e are l2n& a lfe n
t8o 8orlds at onceG a $lanetar" lfe n t+s 'ateral 8orld1 to 8+c+ t+e
or&ans' s ntended to reactG and also a cos'c lfe n t+at s$rt)al or
'etet+eral 8orld1 8+c+ s t+e nat2e en2ron'ent of t+e so)l. 4ro' t+at
)nseen 8orld t+e ener&" of t+e or&ans' needs to be $er$et)all"
re$lens+ed. T+at re$lens+'ent 8e cannot )nderstandJ 8e 'a" f&)re t to
o)rsel2es as a $roto$las'c $rocessGas so'e relaton bet8een $roto$las'1
et+er1 and 8+ate2er s be"ond et+er1 on 8+c+ t s at $resent )seless to
s$ec)late.
%d'ttn&1 for t+e sa3e of ar&)'ent1 t+ese 2ast ass)'$tons1 t 8ll be
eas" to dra8 t+e f)rt+er nference t+at t 'a" be needf)l t+at t+e so)l5s
attenton s+o)ld be freE)entl" 8t+dra8n fro' t+e b)sness of eart+l" lfe1
so as to $)rs)e 8t+ &reater ntenst" 8+at 8e 'a" call ts $roto$las'c
tas31t+e 'antenance of t+e f)nda'ental1 $er2adn& connecton bet8een
t+e or&ans' and t+e s$rt)al 8orld. !a"1 t+s $rofo)nder condton1 as
res$ondn& to 'ore $r't2e1 'ore f)nda'ental needs1 8ll tself be 'ore
$r't2e t+an t+e 8a3n& state. %nd t+s s soJ slee$ s t+e nfant5s do'nant
$+aseJ t+e $reCnatal state rese'bles slee$ rat+er t+an 8a3n&G and so does
t+e 8+ole lfeCcondton of o)r lo8l" ancestors. %nd as t+e slee$n& state s
t+e 'ore primitive, so also s t t+e 'ore generaised, and t+e 'ore pastic.
O)t of t+s drea'" abe"ance bet8een t8o 8orlds1 t+e needs of t+e 'ateral
8orld are constantl" de2elo$n& so'e for' of alert act2t"1 so'e fac)lt"
8+c+ 8as potentia onl" )ntl searc+ for food and t+e defence a&anst
ene'es co'$elled a closer +eed to t+e lfe of relaton19 lest t+e relaton
s+o)ld beco'e onl" t+at of 2ct' to de2o)rer.
6e s+all t+)s +a2e t8o $+ases of $ersonalt" de2elo$n& nto se$arate
$)r$oses and n se$arate drectons fro' a $arent ste'. T+e 8a3n&
$ersonalt" 8ll de2elo$ e#ternal sense or&ans and 8ll ft tself
$ro&ress2el" +i,GKH- for t+e lfe of relaton to t+e e#ternal 8orld. It 8ll
endea2o)r to attan an e2er co'$leter control o2er t+e reso)rces of t+e
$ersonalt"1 and t 8ll c)l'nate n 8+at 8e ter' genius 8+en t +as )nfed
t+e s)bl'nal as far as $ossble 8t+ t+e s)$ral'nal n ts $)rs)t of
delberate 8a3n& ends.
T+e slee$n& $ersonalt" 8ll de2elo$ n 8a"s less eas" to foresee.
6+at1 on an" t+eor"1 8ll t a' at1 be"ond t+e fa'lar ntensfcaton of
rec)$erat2e $o8erW 6e can onl" &)ess1 on '" t+eor"1 t+at ts de2elo$'ent
8ll s+o8 so'e ncreasn& trace of t+e so)l5s less e#cl)s2e absor$ton n t+e
act2t" of t+e or&ans'. T+e so)l +as 8t+dra8n fro' t+e s$ecalsed
'ateral s)rface of t+n&s (to )se s)c+ $oor 'eta$+or as 8e can) nto a
real' 8+ere t+e nat)re of t+e connecton bet8een 'atter and s$rt
8+et+er t+ro)&+ t+e nter'edac" of t+e et+er or ot+er8ses 'ore
$rofo)ndl" dscerned. T+at sa'e 8t+dra8al fro' t+e s)rface 8+c+1 8+le
t d'ns+es $o8er o2er co'$le# ')sc)lar $rocesses1 ncreases $o8er o2er
$rofo)nd or&anc $rocesses1 'a" at t+e sa'e t'e ncrease t+e so)l5s $o8er
of o$eratn& n t+at s$rt)al 8orld to 8+c+ slee$ +as dra8n t nearer.
On t+s 2e8 of slee$1 be t obser2ed1 t+ere 8ll be not+n& to s)r$rse )s
n t+e $ossblt" of ncreasn& t+e $ro$orton of t+e slee$n& to t+e 8a3n&
$+ase of lfe b" +"$notc s)&&eston. %ll 8e can sa" s t+at1 8+le t+e so)l
')st nsst on at least t+e 'n')' E)antt" of slee$ needf)l to 3ee$ t+e
bod" al2e1 8e can see no s)$eror l't to t+e E)antt" of slee$ 8+c+ t
'a" c+oose to ta3e1t+e E)antt" of attenton1 t+at s1 8+c+ t 'a" c+oose
to &2e to t+e s$ecal o$eratons of slee$ as co'$ared 8t+ t+ose of 8a3n&
lfe.
+3( . %t t+s $ont 8e ')st for t+e $resent $a)se. T+e s)&&ested
+"$ot+ess 8ll ndeed co2er t+e act)al facts as to slee$ add)ced n t+s
c+a$ter. B)t t co2ers t+e' b" 2rt)e of ass)'$tons too 2ast to be acce$ted
8t+o)t f)rt+er confr'aton. It ')st necessarl" be o)r d)t" n later
c+a$ters to trace t+e de2elo$'ent of t+e slee$n& $ersonalt" n bot+ t+e
drectons ndcated abo2eGn t+e drecton of or&anc rec)$eraton
t+ro)&+ t+e +"$notc trance1 and n t+e drecton of t+e so)l5s nde$endent
o$eraton t+ro)&+ t+at for' of trance 8+c+ leads to $ossesson and to
ecstas". 6e s+all be&n at once n t+e ne#t c+a$ter to trace o)t t+at &reat
e#$er'ental 'odfcaton of slee$1 fro' 8+c+1 )nder t+e na'es of
'es'ers' or of +"$nots'1 res)lts of s)c+ cons$c)o)s $ractcal 2al)e
+a2e alread" been 8on.
+i,GKI-
CHAPTER V
HYPNOTISM
+A p, g 6 A1
A, 6 i.
LTransation M
-O/ER.
,00 . % 2er" co'$le# s)bDect ')st n t+s c+a$ter be dsc)ssed 8t+ as
')c+ co'$leteness as bre2t" 8ll allo8. It 8ll be con2enent to la" at once
before t+e reader t+e 'an d2sons )nder 8+c+ -"$nots' 8ll be treated
+ere.
() In t+e frst $lace (sectons ,00K ,0+ )1 I s+all endea2o)r to trace t+e
connecton of +"$nots' 8t+ t+e s)bDects of t+e for'er c+a$ters1
es$ecall" 8t+ slee$ and +"stera1and to ndcate 8+at 3nd of ad2ance n
fac)lt" 'a" be e#$ected fro' s)c+ e#$er'ental de2elo$'ents of slee$C
8a3n& states1 and of s)bl'nal act2t" n &eneral1 as t+ose to 8+c+ t+e
broad &eneral ttle of +"$nots' (or +"$notc s)&&eston) s no8 co''onl"
&2en. -"$nots' s too often $resented as t+o)&+ t co'$rsed a E)te
solated &ro)$ of $+eno'ena. :ntl t s 'ore defntel" correlated 8t+
ot+er $+ases of $ersonalt"1 t can +ardl" occ)$" t+e $lace 8+c+ t 'erts n
an" $s"c+olo&cal sc+e'e.
() T+e ordnar" 'et+ods and t+eores of +"$nots' ')st occ)$" t+e
second d2son of t+s c+a$ter . ,0, K ,1' /. I s+all not1 ndeed1 re$eat t+e
c)sto'ar" +storcal s)r2e"Gfeeln& t+at t+e +stor" of +"$nots' s a
+stor" rat+er of solated and scattered reconnaissances t+an of s"ste'atc
ad2ance )$on t+e )n3no8n. Rat+er I s+all tr" to anal"se t+e ntrnsc nat)re
of t+e st')l e'$lo"ed1 and to co'$are t+e' 8t+ t+e res)lts attaned. /"
&eneral concl)son 8ll be one 8+c+ +as no8 beco'e 8del" $re2alent
na'el"1 t+at s'all $+"solo&cal ca)ses cannot be credted 8t+ t+ese
$rofo)nd $s"c+olo&cal effects. 9aute de mieu0 , and 8t+ so'e reser2es as
to tele$at+c acton1 I s+all assent to t+e do&'a of t+e !anc" sc+ool1t+at
+"$notc a&ences 'a" be s'$lfed nto suggestion and se$,suggestion.
() In t+e t+rd $lace1 +o8e2er . ,1* K ,(, /, I s+all s+o8 t+at t+ese
8ords brn& no tr)e sol)tonGt+at t+e" are 'ere na'es 8+c+ ds&)se o)r
&norance. 6e do not 3no8 et+er #hy a s)bDect obe"s an" s)&&eston
8+c+ 'a" be 'ade to +'1 or ho# +e obe"s t. 6e do not +i,GKJ- 3no8
t+s e2en 8+en t+e s)&&eston bears )$on so'e eas"1 e#ternal 'atter. (tll
dee$er s t+e '"ster" 8+en t+e s)&&eston s an organic or therapeutic
co''andG8+en t+e s)bDect s told (for nstance) not to feel an ac+n&
toot+. If +e cannot sto$ feeln& t+e ac+e b" +s o8n stron& desre1 +o8 can
+e sto$ feeln& t o)t of deference to a doctorW :nless t+ere be so'e
s)$ernor'al nfl)ence or effl)encetele$at+c or 'es'ercfro' doctor
to $atent1 8e cannot credt t+e doctor 8t+ don& 'ore t+an set n 'oton
so'e se$,suggestive 'ac+ner" b" 8+c+ t+e $atent c)res +s toot+ac+e
+'self. 6+ere no s)c+ tele$at+c nfl)ence s e#ercsed (and I do not cla'
t+at t s often e#ercsed1 alt+o)&+ I bele2e t+at t s e#ercsed so'et'es)1
s)&&eston s 'erel" eE)2alent to selfCs)&&estonGand selfCs)&&eston
re'ans for o)r sol)ton as an ne#$lcable and ca$rco)s res$ons2enessG
a s)dden obedence of s)bl'nal a&ences to s)$ral'nal co''ands1
8+c+ at certan t'es 8ll 'odf" bot+ bod" and 'nd far 'ore effect2el"
t+an an" e#erton of t+e ordnar" 8ll. !o sero)s atte'$t +as "et been 'ade
to e#$lan t+s obedence to controlG and before tr"n& to e#$lan t 8e ')st
re2e8 ts ran&e and l'ts fro' a $s"c+olo&cal as 8ell as fro' a
$+"solo&cal stand$ont. In t+e 'eant'e I defne s)&&eston as success$u
appea to the subimina se$.
() /" fo)rt+ s)bCc+a$ter1 t+erefore . ,(' K ,'( /, 8ll brefl" set fort+
t+e 'an ac+e2e'ents of s)&&estonGncl)dn& t+at 'ost '$ortant of all
ac+e2e'ents1 t+e s)&&est2e or +"$notc nd)cton of s)$ernor'al $o8ers.
E2en a$art fro' t+ese ne8 $o8ers1 8+c+ ndefntel" e#tend t+e
s&nfcance of t+e 8+ole nE)r"1 t 8ll be fo)nd t+at t+e 8or3 of
s)&&eston1 e2en 8+en t see's to be $)rel" n+bt2e1 s n fact essentall"
d"na'o&encGt+at +o8e2er ca$rco)s or &rotesE)e ts effects 'a" be1
t+e" are1 ne2ert+eless1 effects of vitaisation/t+at so'e ener&" s added1
t+o)&+ n an rre&)lar fas+on1 to bot+ or&anc and $s"c+cal o$eratons.
() In t+e $i$th $lace . ,'3 K ,*) /, o)r tas3 ')st be to nE)re as to t+e
nat)re and so)rce of t+s ener&" 8+c+ bot+ tele$at+c s)&&eston and selfC
s)&&eston '$l". (elfCs)&&eston18+c+ s $robabl" stll n ts nfanc"1
+as t+)s far $ro2ed s)ccessf)l on a lar&e scale 'anl" 8+en a$$led
accordn& to one or ot+er of t8o $o$)lar sc+e'es1t+e /racles of
Lo)rdes19 and C+rstan (cence9 or /ndC+ealn&. %s to t+e 2al)e of t+e
Lo)rdes le&end I s+all &2e t+e reader a'$le o$$ort)nt" of D)d&n& for
+'self. B)t as to C+rstan (cence19 I s+all endea2o)r to s+o8 t+at +ere1
at least1 beneat+ a 'as3 of 2)l&ar cr)dt"1 certan ancent $+loso$+c
conce$tons of $er'anent 2al)e are reassertn& t+e'sel2es n t+e 'odern
8orld.
() Lastl"1 t+en . ,*9 K ,)3 /, 8e are dr2en+ere as else8+ereto
consder +o8 far t 'a" be $ossble for scence to confr' and )tlse 'an5s
ancent nstnct of tr)st n t+e )nseen. I s+all state n ans8er '" belef t+at
t+at tr)st +as ne2er as "et (sa2e n t+e 2er" +&+est of o)r race) +i,GKK- rsen
8t+n 'eas)rable dstance of t+e act)al and $ro2able tr)t+G t+at e2en no8
t+e or&ans' of eac+ 'an s $assn& and ')st $ass ncreasn&l" )nder t+e
control of +s s$rtG and t+at +s s$rt ndra8s fro' t+e 'etet+eral
en2ron'ent an ener&" l'ted onl" b" t+e ntenst" of ts o8n a$$eal. In
t+n&s $+"scal as 8ell as n t+n&s s$rt)al1 b" &race 8e are sa2ed1
t+ro)&+ fat+.9
,01 . In t+e co)rse of t+s st)d" of +)'an $ersonalt" and +)'an
e2ol)ton1 t s to be +o$ed t+at at e2er" sta&e of o)r collecton and
dsc)sson of e2dence 8e 'a" attan a so'e8+at 8der conce$ton of t+e
drectons n 8+c+ t+at e2ol)ton 'a" be loo3ed for1 or 'a" e2en be
act2el" $)rs)ed.
O)r dsc)sson n C+a$ter II. of t+e 8a"s n 8+c+ +)'an $ersonalt" s
a$t to dsnte&rate +el$ed )s to &ras$ n C+a$ter III. t+e conce$ton of &en)s
as an nte&raton of s)bl'nal fac)lt" 8t+ s)$ral'nal1an )tlsaton of
a &reater $ro$orton of 'an5s $s"c+cal ben& n s)bser2ence to ends
desred b" +s s)$ral'nal control. Gen)s1 ndeed1 see's at $resent
attanable rat+er b" fort)nate s$orts of +eredt" t+an b" an" s"ste'atc
trann&G b)t t s1 ne2ert+eless1 '$ortant to realse t+at a le2el t+)s
defntel" +&+er t+an o)r o8n +as alread" often been reac+ed n t+e nor'al
$ro&ress of t+e race.
In C+a$ter IV. 8e re2e8ed t+e slee$n& $+ase of o)r $ersonalt".
*reams ntrod)ced )st+o)&+ nco+erentl" and obsc)rel"nto a
stran&el" 8dened conce$ton of 'an5s en2ron'ent and +s destn". T+e"
s+o8ed +' n relaton 8t+ a 8orld $rofo)nder t+an e2en &en)s +ad
a$$re+ended1 and on t+e t+res+old of $o8ers to 8+c+ not e2en &en)s +as
as$red.
6e 8ere led on1 ndeed1 nto a conce$ton of slee$ 8+c+1 8+et+er or
not t $ro2e )lt'atel" n an" for' acce$table b" scence1 s at an" rate n
dee$ con&r)t" 8t+ t+e e2dence bro)&+t for8ard n t+s 8or3. O)r +)'an
lfe1 n t+s 2e81 e#sts and ener&ses1 at t+e $resent 'o'ent1 bot+ n t+e
'ateral and n t+e s$rt)al 8orld. -)'an $ersonalt"1 as t +as de2elo$ed
fro' lo8l" ancestors1 +as beco'e dfferentated nto t8o $+asesG one of
t+e' 'anl" ada$ted to 'ateral or $lanetar"1 t+e ot+er to s$rt)al or
cos'c o$eraton. T+e s)bl'nal self1 'anl" drectn& t+e slee$n& $+ase1
s able et+er to reD)2enate t+e or&ans' b" ener&" dra8n n fro' t+e
s$rt)al 8orldGor1 on t+e ot+er +and1 te'$orarl" and $artall" to rela# ts
connecton 8t+ t+at or&ans'1 n order to e#$atate n t+e e#ercse of
s)$ernor'al $o8ersGtele$at+"1 telFst+esa1 ecstas".
()c+ 8ere t+e s)&&estons of t+e e2dence as to drea' and 2sonG s)c+1
I 'a" add1 8ll be seen to be t+e s)&&estons of spontaneous
somnambuism, 8+c+ +as not "et fallen )nder o)r dsc)sson. Yet cla's so
lar&e as t+ese de'and corroboraton fro' obser2aton and e#$er'ent alon&
'an" dfferent lnes of a$$roac+. (o'e s)c+ corroboraton 8e +a2e1 n
antc$ator" fas+on1 alread" acE)red. ,sc)ssn& n C+a$ter II. t+e +i,GKL-
2aro)s for's of dsnte&raton of $ersonalt"1 8e +ad freE)ent &l'$ses of
benefcent s)bl'nal $o8ers. 6e sa8 t+e dee$est strat)' of t+e self
nter2enn& fro' t'e to t'e 8t+ a t+era$e)tc obDect (n t+e cases1 e.g. of
LUone III.9 or LUonore9 n (30 A, or %nna 6nsor n (3* A)1 or 8e
ca)&+t t n t+e act of e#ercsn&1 e2en f a'lessl" or s$oradcall"1 so'e
fac)lt" be"ond s)$ral'nal reac+. %nd 8e obser2ed1 'oreo2er1 t+at t+e
a&enc" b" 8+c+ t+ese s)bl'nal $o8ers 8ere n2o3ed 8as &enerall" t+e
hypnotic trance. Of t+e nat)re of t+at trance I t+en sad not+n&G t 8as
'anfest onl" t+at +ere 8as so'e 3nd of nd)ced or artfcal
so'na'b)ls'1 8+c+ see'ed to s"ste'atse t+at benefcal control of t+e
or&ans' 8+c+ s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& states +ad e#ercsed n a ftf)l
8a". It ')st $lanl" be o)r b)sness to )nderstand ab initio t+ese +"$notc
$+eno'enaG to $)s+ as far as 'a" be 8+at see's l3e an e#$er'ental
e2ol)ton of t+e slee$n& $+ase of $ersonalt".
,0( . Let )s s)$$ose1 t+en1 t+at 8e are standn& at o)r $resent $ont1 b)t
8t+ no 'ore 3no8led&e of +"$notc $+eno'ena t+an e#sted n t+e
bo"+ood of /es'er. 6e s+all 3no8 8ell eno)&+ 8+at1 as e#$er'ental
$s"c+olo&sts1 8e desre to doG b)t 8e s+all +a2e lttle noton of +o8 to set
abo)t t. 6e desre to s)''on at o)r 8ll1 and to s)bd)e to o)r )se1 t+ese
rarel" e'er&ent slee$C8a3n& fac)ltes. On t+er $+"scal sde1 8e desre to
de2elo$ t+er n+bton of $an and t+er renforce'ent of ener&"G on t+er
ntellect)al sde1 t+er concentraton of attentonG on t+er e'otonal sde1
t+er sense of freedo'1 e#$anson1 Do". %bo2e all1 8e desre to &et +old of
t+ose s)$ernor'al fac)ltestele$at+" and telFst+esaof 8+c+ 8e +a2e
ca)&+t ftf)l &l'$ses n so'na'b)ls' and n drea'.
Yet to s)c+ +o$es as t+ese t+e soCcalled e#$erence of a&es9 (&enerall"
a 2er" s+ort and scra$$" nd)ctonZ) 8ll see' alto&et+er to ref)se an"
$ractcal o)tco'e. -stor"1 ndeed18t+ t+e 8onted 2a&)eness of +stor"1
8ll offer )s a lon& seres of stores of t+e stran&e sanat2e s)&&eston or
nfl)ence of 'an on 'anGbe&nnn&1 sa"1 8t+ ,a2d and (a)l1 or 8t+
,a2d and %bs+a&1 and endn& 8t+ Valentne GreatCra3es1or 8t+ t+e
(t)arts5 last to)c+ for t+e Rn&5s e2l. B)t n 3no8led&e of +o8 act)all" to
set abo)t t1 8e s+o)ld stll be D)st on t+e le2el of t+e (e2en (a&es.
*
%nd no8 let t+e reader note t+s lesson on t+e )ne#+a)sted $ossbltes
of +)'an or&ans's and +)'an lfe. Let +' ta3e +s stand at one of t+e
'odern centres of +"$notc $ractce1n Professor Bern+e'5s +os$talC
8ard1 or ,r. 2an Renter&+e'5s cinique/ let +' see t+e +)ndreds of $atents
t+ro8n dal" nto +"$notc trance1 n a fe8 'o'ents1 and as a 'atter of
co)rseG and let +' t+en re'e'ber t+at t+s $rocess1 8+c+ +i,GKM- no8
see's as ob2o)s and eas" as &2n& a $ll1 8as absol)tel" )n3no8n not
onl" to Galen and to Cels)s1 b)t to -)nter and to -ar2e"G and 8+en at last
dsco2ered 8as co''onl" deno)nced as a fra)d)lent fcton1 al'ost )$ to
t+e $resent da". !a"1 f one c+ances to +a2e 8atc+ed as a bo" so'e c)re
effected n ,r. Ellotson5s /es'erc -os$tal1 before ne&lect and cal)'n"
+ad closed t+at too earl" effort for +)'an &oodGf one +as seen $o$)lar
ndfference and $rofessonal $reD)dce c+ec3 t+e ne8 +ealn& art for a
&eneratonGs not one l3el" to +a2e 'bbed a dee$ dstr)st of all > priori
ne&atons n t+e 'atter of +)'an fac)lt"Gof all obiter dicta of e'nent
'en on s)bDects 8t+ 8+c+ t+e" do not +a$$en to be acE)antedW 6o)ld
not one1 after s)c+ an e#$erence1 rat+er c+oose (8t+ ,ar8n) t+e fool5s
e#$er'ent9 t+an an" ''e'oral &norance 8+c+ +as stffened nto an
)nreasonn& ncred)lt"W
,03 . /es'er5s e#$er'ent 8as al'ost a fool5s e#$er'ent19 and
/es'er +'self 8as al'ost a c+arlatan. Yet /es'er and +s s)ccessors1
8or3n& fro' 'an" dfferent $onts of 2e81 and follo8n& 'an" d2er&ent
t+eores1+a2e o$ened an e2erC8denn& 8a"1 and +a2e bro)&+t )s no8 to
a $oston 8+ere 8e can farl" +o$e1 b" e#$er'ents 'ade no lon&er at
rando'1 to re$rod)ce and s"ste'atse 'ost of t+ose $+eno'ena of
s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls' 8+c+ once see'ed to le so tantalsn&l"
be"ond o)r &ras$.
T+at $ro'se s &reat ndeedG "et t s 8ell to be&n b" consdern&
$recsel" +o8 far t e#tends. 6e ')st not s)$$ose t+at 8e s+all at once be
s)bd)n& to o)r e#$er'ent a central1 nte&rated1 reasonable (elf. On t+e
contrar" (as +as alread" been e#$laned n C+a$ter III.1 secton 30+)1 t +as
been c+aracterstc of +"stera and )s)all" also of so'na'b)ls' t+at t+e
s$ontaneo)s c+an&es1 alt+o)&+ s)bl'nal1 +a2e been piecemea c+an&esG
t+at (to ado$t -)&+ln&sC7ac3son5s 8ellC3no8n $+raseolo&") t+e" +a2e
n2ol2ed not highest,eve b)t midde,eve centresG not t+ose centres 8+c+
deter'ne +&+est $erce$ton and deaton1 b)t centres 8+c+ control
co'$le# coCordnated 'o2e'ents1 s)c+ as t+e s"ner&es necessar" for
8al3n& or for s&+t or for drea'l3e )nntell&ent s$eec+.
T+s 'eta$+or of +&+er and lo8er1 alt+o)&+ t 'a" so)nd na$$ro$rate1
s stll of ser2ce 8+en 8e are dealn& 8t+ sta&es of fac)lt" all of t+e' e0
hypothesi belo8 t+e le2el of t+e consco)s t+res+old. 4or o)r &eneral
e2dence as to s)bl'nal $rocesses +as b" t+s t'e obl&ed )s to ass)'e
t+at t+ere e#sts n t+at s)b'er&ed re&on also a &radaton of so'e8+at
s'lar t"$e. 6e 'a" reac+ b" artfce (t+at s to sa") so'e s)bl'nal
fac)lt"1 and "et 8e 'a" not be reac+n& an" central or controlln& D)d&'ent.
6e 'a" be reac+n& centres 8+c+ e#ercse o2er t+ose s)bl'nal fac)ltes
onl" a fra&'entar" s8a"G so t+at 8e s+all +a2e no reason for s)r$rse f
t+ere be so'et+n& drea'l3e1 so'et+n& of bNarrere or of nco+erence1 n
t+e 'anfestaton 8+c+ o)r e#$er'ent e2o3es. 6e ')st be content (at frst
at an" rate) f 8e can affect t+e +i,GKN- $ersonalt" n t+e sa'e l'ted 8a"
as +"stera and so'na'b)ls' +a2e affected tG b)t "et can act delberatel"
and )sef)ll" 8+ere t+ese +a2e acted +)rtf)ll" and at rando'. It s eno)&+ to
+o$e t+at 8e 'a" n+bt $an1 as t s n+bted for t+e +"stercG or
concentrate attenton1 as t s concentrated for t+e so'na'b)lstG or c+an&e
t+e tastes and $assons1 as t+ese are c+an&ed n alternatn& $ersonaltesG or
(best of all) reco2er and f# so'et+n& of t+at s)$ernor'al fac)lt" of 8+c+
8e +a2e ca)&+t f)&t2e &l'$ses n 2son and drea'. O)r $roof of t+e
or&naton of an" $+eno'enon n t+e dee$er strata of o)r ben& ')st le n
t+e ntrnsc nat)re of t+e fac)lt" e#+btedGnot n t+e 8sdo' of ts act)al
drecton. That ')st often de$end on t+e order &2en fro' abo2e t+e
t+res+oldG D)st as t+e 'a&c 'll of t+e fable contn)es 'a&cal1 alt+o)&+1
for lac3 of t+e $ro$er for')la to sto$ t1 t be stll &rndn& o)t s)$erfl)o)s
salt at t+e botto' of t+e sea.
,0+ . I +o$e t+at t+s bref ntrod)cton 'a" be of ser2ce n t8o
dfferent 8a"s. In t+e frst $lace1 t 'a" s+o8 t+e reader t+at +"$nots'1
8t+ ts be8ldern& lab"rnt+ of 'ar2els1 +as "et a le&t'ate1 an essental1
al'ost a predictabe $lace n e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&". It s no lon&er
$ossble for t+e $+loso$+er to rele&ate t to t+e $+"scanGan" 'ore t+an
for t+e $+"scan to rele&ate t to t+e E)ac3. It s a dsco2er" 8+c+ +as been
ac+e2ed al'ost at rando'1 and 8+c+ s stll )sed n tentat2e &noranceG
b)t t s D)st t+e 3nd of dsco2er" 8+c+ 8as to be desred and e#$ectedG
and f t +ad not co'e to )s n one 8a"1 t ')st1 sooner or later1 +a2e co'e
to )s n anot+er. %nd n t+e second $lace1 t+s $rel'nar" noton of 8+at
'&+t be e#$ected fro' t+e e#$er'ental control of slee$C8a3n& states
s+o)ld $re$are t+e st)dent for 8+at +as see'ed to 'an" an obser2er a
stran&e ano'al"t+e contrast1 na'el"1 bet8een t+e ntrnsc $otenc" of t+e
fac)ltes t+)s e2o3ed and t+e abs)rd ends to 8+c+ (n $)blc e#+btons
es$ecall") t+e" often see' to be drected. 6e +a2e ad2anced1 so to sa"1
8t+n s&+t of t+e &reat strea' of o)r ben&1 b)t 8e ')st not e#$ect as "et
to control 'ore t+an so'e edd"n& bac3C8ater or s)bsdar" c+annel.
T+e earl" +stor" of 'es'ers' or +"$nots' 8as certan1 on t+ese
s+o8n&s1 to be b)t a conf)sed and dsDonted stor". T+e ac+e2e'ents of
+"$notsers (e2en 8+en cleared fro' ')c+ needless or e#a&&erated
contro2ers") are not l3e a seres of $arallel ad2ances1 all of t+e' arrested
b" t+e sa'e obstacle at t+e sa'e $ont. Rat+er t+e" rese'ble a +andf)l of
ra$d nc)rsons nto an )n3no8n co)ntr"1 eac+ of t+e' 'ore or less
s)ccessf)l1 b)t enco)ntern& dffc)ltes of 2aro)s 3nds1 8+c+ no
$ersstent effort s 'ade to o2erco'e. T+at s to sa"1 tr)e nE)r" +as been
'anl" t+e 8or3 of a fe8 dstn&)s+ed 'en1 8+o +a2e eac+ of t+e' $)s+ed
so'e )sef)l deas as far as t+e" co)ld1 b)t 8+ose 8or3 +as not been
adeE)atel" s)$$orted b" s)ccessors. I s+o)ld ')c+ do)bt 8+et+er t+ere
+a2e been a +)ndred 'en n all co)ntres to&et+er1 at t+e ordnar" le2el of
$rofessonal ntell&ence1 8+o d)rn& t+e cent)r" snce /es'er +a2e +i,
GKO- treated +"$nots' as t+e sero)s st)d" of t+er l2es. (o'e fe8 of t+e
'en 8+o +a2e so treated t +a2e been 'en of &reat force and stron&
con2ctonsG and t 8ll be fo)nd t+at t+ere +as conseE)entl" been a seres of
s)dden de2elo$'ents of &ro)$s of $+eno'ena1 dffern& ')c+ fro' eac+
ot+er1 b)t corres$ondn& 8t+ t+e s$ecal belefs and desres of t+e $erson
8+o +eaded eac+ 'o2e'ent n t)rn. I 8ll 'enton so'e of t+e c+ef
e#a'$les1 so as to s+o8 t+e s$oradc nat)re of t+e efforts 'ade1 and t+e
&reat 2aret" of t+e $+eno'ena elcted. ()c+ a re2e8 s+o)ld s)&&est also
t+at f so'e of t+ose $+eno'ena +a2e seldo' been re$eated snce t+e b)rst
of no2el nterest 8+en t+e" 8ere frst obser2ed1 t+s b" no 'eans $ro2es
t+at t+e" 'a" not a&an rec)r f s)ffcentl" so)&+t for. T+ere +as not been
as "et e#$erence eno)&+ for 'ore t+an a 'ere be&nnn& n so'e fe8 of t+e
'an" drectons n 8+c+ t+e $roble' of t+e l'ts of s)&&estonof t+e
ca$act" of t+e s)bl'nal self')st sooner or later be $)s+ed.
,0, . T+e frst na'e1 t+en1 t+at ')st be 'entoned s1 of co)rse1 t+at of
/es'er +'self. -e bele2ed $r'arl" n a sanat2e effl)ence1 and +s
'et+od see's to +a2e been a co'bnaton of $asses1 s)&&eston1 and a
s)$$osed 'etallot+era$"9 or 'a&netoCt+era$"9t+e celebrated baquet
8+c+ no do)bt 8as 'erel" a for' of s)&&eston. -s res)lts1 t+o)&+ 2er"
'$erfectl" descrbed1 see' to +a2e been $ec)lar to +'self. T+e crise
8+c+ 'an" of +s $atents )nder8ent so)nds l3e a +"stercal attac3G b)t
t+ere can be no do)bt t+at ra$d '$ro2e'ent n s"'$to's often follo8ed
t1 or +e 8o)ld not +a2e 'ade so &reat an '$resson on savants as 8ell as
on t+e fas+onable 8orld of Pars. To /es'er1 t+en1 8e o8e t+e frst
conce$ton of t+e t+era$e)tc $o8er of a s)dden and $rofo)nd ner2o)s
c+an&e. To /es'er1 stll 'ore 'ar3edl"1 8e o8e t+e doctrne of a ner2o)s
nfl)ence or effl)ence $assn& fro' 'an to 'an1a doctrne 8+c+1 t+o)&+
t ')st ass)'e a less e#cl)s2e '$ortance t+an +e ass&ned to t1 cannot1 n
'" 2e81 be alto&et+er &nored or dened.
,0' . T+e leadn& f&)re a'on& +s ''edate s)ccessors1 t+e /arE)s
de P)"sU&)r1 see's fro' +s 8rtn&s
*
to +a2e been one of t+e ablest and
'ost candd 'en 8+o +a2e $ractsed 'es'ers'G and +e 8as one of t+e
2er" fe8 8+o +a2e cond)cted e#$er'ents1 ot+er t+an t+era$e)tc1 on a
lar&e scale. T+e so'na'b)lc state 'a" al'ost be sad to +a2e been +s
dsco2er"G and +e obtaned clar2o"ance or telFst+esa n so 'an" nstances1
and recorded t+e' 8t+ so ')c+ of detal1 t+at t s +ard to attrb)te all to
'alCobser2aton1 or e2en to tele$at+" fro' $ersons $resent. Ot+er obser2ers1
as Bertrand1 a $+"scan of &reat $ro'se1 follo8ed n t+e sa'e trac31 and
t+s bref $erod 8as $er+a$s t+e 'ost fertle n dsnterested e#$er'ents
t+at o)r s)bDect +as "et 3no8n. /)c+ 8as t+en +i,GLP- done n Ger'an"
alsoG and t+ere1 too1 t+ere s scattered test'on" to s)$ernor'al $o8ers.
*
,0* . !e#t ca'e t+e era of Ellotson n En&land1 and of Esdale n +s
+os$tal at Calc)tta. T+er 'et+od la" n 'es'erc $asses1 Ellotson5s obDect
ben& 'ostl" t+e drect c)re of 'alades1 Esdale5s a dee$ anFst+esa1 )nder
8+c+ +e $erfor'ed +)ndreds of sero)s o$eratons. -s s)ccess n t+s
drecton 8as absol)tel" )nE)eG8as certanl" (settn& asde s)$ernor'al
$+eno'ena) t+e 'ost e#traordnar" $erfor'ance n 'es'erc +stor". -ad
not +s ac+e2e'ents been 'atters of offcal record1 t+e a$$arent
'$ossblt" of re$eatn& t+e' 8o)ld $robabl" b" t+s t'e +a2e been +eld
to +a2e ds$ro2ed t+e' alto&et+er.
,0) . T+e ne#t &reat ste$ 8+c+ +"$nots' 'ade 8as act)all" re&arded
b" Ellotson and +s &ro)$ as a +ostle de'onstraton. 6+en Brad
dsco2ered t+at +"$noss co)ld be nd)ced 8t+o)t $asses1 t+e 'es'ersts
felt t+at t+er t+eor" of a sanat2e effl)ence 8as dan&ero)sl" attac3ed. %nd
t+s 8as tr)eG for t+at t+eor" +as n fact been t+ro8n nto t+e s+ade1too
co'$letel" so1 n '" o$non1frst b" t+e 'et+od )sed n Brad5s earler
8or3 of t+e $rod)cton of +"$notc $+eno'ena b" 'eans of t+e )$8ard and
n8ard sE)nt1 and1 secondl"1 b" t+e ')c+ 8der and 'ore '$ortant
dsco2er" of t+e effcac" of 'ere suggestion, set fort+ n +s later 8rtn&s.
Brad5s +"$notc e#$erence dffered ')c+ fro' t+at of +"$notsts before
and after +'. -s earl" 'et+od of t+e con2er&ent sE)nt $rod)ced res)lts
8+c+ no one else +as been able to $rod)ceG and t+e state 8+c+ t nd)ced
a$$eared n +s 2e8 to arrest and dss$ate e2en 'alades of 8+c+ net+er
+"$notst nor $atent +ad t+o)&+t as ca$able of c)re. B)t +e after8ards
abandoned t+s 'et+od n fa2o)r of s'$le 2erbal s)&&eston1 as +e fo)nd
t+at 8+at 8as reE)red 8as 'erel" to nfl)ence t+e deas of +s $atents. -e
s+o8ed f)rt+er t+at all soCcalled $+renolo&cal $+eno'ena and t+e s)$$osed
effects of 'a&nets1 'etals1 &c.1 co)ld be $rod)ced eE)all" 8ell b"
s)&&eston.
.
-e also lad stress on t+e s)bDect5s $o8er bot+ of resstn& t+e
co''ands of t+e o$erator and of nd)cn& +"$notc effects n +'self
8t+o)t t+e ad of an o$erator. To '" 'nd t+e 'ost '$ortant no2elt"
bro)&+t o)t b" Brad 8as t+e $ossblt" of selfC+"$notsaton b"
concentraton of 8ll. T+s nlet nto +)'an fac)lt"1 n so'e 8a"s t+e 'ost
'$ortant of all1 +as been as "et b)t slac3l" follo8ed. B)t t s alon& 8t+
Brad5s &ro)$ of deas t+at I s+o)ld $lace t+ose of an able b)t ')c+ nferor
n2est&ator1 ,r. 4a+nestoc31 alt+o)&+ t s not clear t+at t+e latter 3ne8 of
Brad5s 8or3. -s boo31 Statuvoism, or Arti$icia Somnambuism (C+ca&o1
*A=*)1 +as +i,GLG- rece2ed less attenton t+an t 'ertsG$artl" $er+a$s
fro' ts barbaro)s ttle1 $artl" fro' t+e cr)dtes 8t+ 8+c+ t s
enc)'bered1 and $artl" fro' t+e fact of ts $)blcaton at 8+at 8as at t+at
date a to8n on t+e o)ts3rts of c2lsaton. 4a+nestoc3 see's to +a2e
obtaned b" selfCs)&&eston 8t+ +ealt+" $ersons res)lts n so'e 8a"s
s)r$assn& an"t+n& snce recorded.
T+ere s no reason to do)bt t+ese res)lts1 e#ce$t t+e fact t+at t+e" +a2e
not "et been re$eated 8t+ eE)al s)ccessG and '" $resent $)r$ose s to s+o8
+o8 lttle '$ortance can as "et be attac+ed n t+e +stor" of +"$notc
e#$er'ent to t+e 'ere absence t+)s far of s)ccessf)l re$etton.
,09 . T+e ne#t &reat sta&e 8as a&an str3n&l" dfferent It 8as 'anl"
4renc+G t+e '$)lse 8as &2en lar&el" b" Professor C+arles Rc+et1 8+ose
8or3 +as $ro2ed sn&)larl" free fro' narro8ness or 'sconce$tonG b)t t+e
'o2e'ent 8as de2elo$ed n a s$ecal and a 2er" )nfort)nate drecton b"
C+arcot and +s sc+ool. It s a re'ar3able fact t+at alt+o)&+ C+arcot 8as
$er+a$s t+e onl" 'an of e'nence 8+ose $rofessonal re$)taton +as e2er
been rased b" +s dealn&s 8t+ +"$nots'1 'ost of +s 8or3 t+ereon s no8
seen to +a2e been 'sta3en and aberrant1a 'ere follo8n& of a blnd
alle"1 fro' 8+c+ +s dsc$les are no8 &rad)all" ret)rnn&. C+arcot5s
leadn& $+eno'ena (as 8t+ se2eral of +s $redecessors abo2e 'entoned)
8ere of a t"$e 8+c+ +as seldo' snce been obtaned. T+e once celebrated
t+ree sta&es9 of t+e grand hypnotisme are +ardl" an"8+ere no8 to be seen.
B)t n t+s case t+e reason s not t+at ot+er +"$notsts co)ld not obtan t+e
$+eno'ena f t+e" 8o)ldG t s rat+er (as I +a2e alread" ndcated) t+at
e#$erence +as con2nced t+e' t+at t+e seE)ences and s"'$to's on 8+c+
C+arcot lad stress 8ere 'erel" 2er" elaborate $rod)cts of t+e lon&C
contn)ed1 and1 so to sa"1 ende'c s)&&estons of t+e (al$OtrPre (see ,09 A
).
,10 . 6e co'e ne#t to t+e 'o2e'ent 8+c+ s no8 on t+e 8+ole
do'nant1 and to 8+c+ t+e &reatest n)'ber of c)res 'a" at $resent be
credted. T+e sc+ool of !anc"8+c+ or&nated 8t+ LUbea)lt1 and 8+c+
s no8 &rad)all" 'er&n& nto a &eneral consens)s of +"$notc $ractce
t+re8 asde 'ore and 'ore decs2el" t+e s)$$osed so'atc s&ns9 of
C+arcot1t+e $+eno'ena of ne)roC')sc)lar rrtablt" and t+e l3e1 8+c+
+e re&arded as t+e reE)ste $roof of +"$nossG)ntl Bern+e' boldl"
affr'ed t+at +"$notc trance 8as no 'ore t+an slee$1 and t+at +"$notc
s)&&eston 8as at once t+e sole ca)se of +"$notc res$ons2eness and "et
8as )ndfferentated fro' 'ere ordnar" ad2sor" s$eec+. T+s 8as
)nfort)natel" too &ood to be tr)e. !ot one slee$ n a 'llon s reall"
+"$nossG not one s)&&eston n a 'llon reac+es or nfl)ences t+e
s)bl'nal self. If Bern+e'5s t+eores1 n t+er e#tre'e for'1 8ere tr)e1
t+ere 8o)ld b" t+s t'e +a2e been no s)fferers left to +eal.
6+at Bern+e' +as done s to c)re a n)'ber of $eo$le 8t+o)t
'es'erc $asses1 and 8t+o)t an" s$ecal $reds$osn& belef on et+er sde1
be"ond a tr)st n +s o8n $o8er. %nd t+s s a 'ost 2al)able +i,GLH-
ac+e2e'ent1 es$ecall" as s+o8n& +o8 ')c+ 'a" be dispensed #ith n
+"$notc $ractceto +o8 s'$le ele'ents t 'a" be red)ced.
-"$notc trance19 sa"s Bern+e'1 n effect1 s ordnar" slee$G +"$notc
s)&&eston s ordnar" co''and. Yo) tell t+e $atent to &o to slee$1 and +e
&oes to slee$G "o) tell +' to &et 8ell1 and +e &ets 8ell ''edatel".9 E2en
t+)s (one t+n3s) +as one +eard t+e conD)ror e#$lann& +o8 t5s done19
8t+ lttle res)ltn& +o$e of e')latn& +s brllant $erfor'ance. %n ordnar"
co''and does not enable an ordnar" 'an to &et rd of +s r+e)'ats'1 or
to detest t+e $re2o)sl" too acce$table taste of brand". In s)&&eston1 n
s+ort1 t+ere ')st needs be so'et+n& 'ore t+an a na'eG a $rofo)nd ner2o)s
c+an&e ')st needs be started b" so'e $o8erf)l ner2o)s st')l)s fro'
8t+o)t or fro' 8t+n. Before contentn& o)rsel2es 8t+ Bern+e'5s
for')la1 8e ')st consder "et a&an 8+at c+an&e 8e 8ant to effect1 and
8+et+er +"$notsts +a2e act)all" )sed an" for' of st')l)s 8+c+ 8as
l3el" to effect t.
,11 . %ccordn& to Bern+e' 8e are all nat)rall" s)&&estble1 and 8+at
8e 8ant to effect t+ro)&+ s)&&eston s ncreased s)&&estblt". B)t let )s
&et rd for t+e 'o'ent of t+at orac)lar 8ord. 6+at t see's to 'ean +ere s
'anl" a reader obedence of t+e or&ans' to 8+at 8e 8s+ t to do. T+e
slee$ or trance 8t+ 8+c+ +"$nots' s $o$)larl" dentfed s not essental
to o)r obDect1 for t+e s)bl'nal 'odfcatons are so'et'es attaned
8t+o)t an" trace of so'nolence. Let )s consder1 t+en1 8+et+er an" 3no8n
ner2o)s st')l1 et+er 'ass2e or s$ecalsed1 tend to nd)cenot 'ere
slee$ or catale$s"b)t t+at 3nd of read" 'odfablt"1of responsiveness
bot+ n 2sble &est)re and n n2sble n)trt2e $rocesses1for t+e sa3e of
8+c+ +"$noss s n sero)s $ractce nd)ced.
,1( . !o8 of t+e e#ternal st')l 8+c+ nfl)ence t+e 8+ole ner2o)s
s"ste' t+e 'ost cons$c)o)s are narcotc dr)&s. O$)'1 alco+ol1
c+lorofor'1 cannabs ndca1 &c.1 affect t+e ner2es n so 'an" stran&e 8a"s
t+at one '&+t +o$e t+at t+e" 8o)ld be of )se as +"$notc a&ents. %nd so'e
obser2ers +a2e fo)nd t+at sl&+t c+lorofor'saton rendered s)bDects 'ore
s)&&estble (see %$$endces). 7anet +as cted one case 8+ere s)&&estblt"
8as de2elo$ed d)rn& reco2er" fro' delr)' tre'ens. Ot+er +"$notsers
(as Bra'8ell) +a2e fo)nd c+lorofor' fal to render $atents +"$notsableG
and alco+ol s &enerall" re&arded as a $ost2e +ndrance to +"$notc
s)sce$tblt". /ore e#$er'ent 8t+ 2aro)s narcotcs s ')c+ neededG b)t
t+)s far t+e scantness of $roof t+at narcotcs +el$ to8ards +"$noss &oes
rat+er a&anst t+e 2e8 t+at +"$noss s a drect $+"solo&cal seE)ence fro'
an" for' of e#ternal st')l)s.
T+e a$$arent rese'blance1 ndeed1 bet8een narcoss and +"$noss
d'ns+es on a closer anal"ss. % sta&e 'a" occ)r bot+ n narcotsed and n
+"$notsed s)bDects 8+ere t+ere s nco+erent1 drea'Cl3e 'entatonG b)t n
t+e narcotsed s)bDect t+s s a ste$ to8ards n+bton of t+e 8+ole ner2o)s
ener&"t+e +&+est centres ben& $aral"sed frstG 8+ereas +i,GLI- n
+"$noss t+e n+bton of s)$ral'nal fac)lt" see's often at least to be
'erel" a necessar" $rel'nar" to t+e lberaton of fres+ fac)lt" 8+c+
$resentl" 'anfests tself fro' a $rofo)nder re&on of t+e self.
,13 . !e#t ta3e anot+er &ro)$ of 'ass2e effects $rod)ced on t+e
ner2o)s s"ste' b" e#ternal st')lGt+ose for's1 na'el"1 of trance and
cata$le#" 8+c+ are d)e to s)dden s+oc3. 6t+ +)'an ben&s t+s
$+eno'enon 2ares fro' act)al deat+ fro' fal)re of +eartCacton1 or
$aral"ss1 or stupor attonitus (a reco&nsed for' of nsant")1 an" of 8+c+
'a" res)lt fro' a 'ere alar'n& s&+t or )n8elco'e anno)nce'ent1 do8n
to t+e catale$tc ''oblt" of a (al$OtrPre $atent1 8+en s+e +ears a
s)dden stro3e on t+e &on&.
('lar $+eno'ena n certan an'als1 as fro&s1 beetles1 &c.1 are 8ell
3no8n. It s do)btf)l1 +o8e2er1 8+et+er an" of t+ese s)dden dsable'ents
s+o)ld be classed as tr)e +"$noses. It +as not1 I t+n31 been s+o8n t+at n
an" case t+e" +a2e nd)ced an" real res$ons2eness to control1 or $o8er of
obe"n& s)&&estonG )nless t be (as n so'e (al$OtrPre cases) a for' of
s)&&eston so ob2o)s and +abt)al t+at t+e obedence t+ereto 'a" be called
$art of t+e act)al cata$le#" tself. T+)s t+e 8a#Cl3e fle#blt"9 of t+e
catale$tc1 8+ose ar's re'an n t+e $oston 8+ere "o) $lace t+e'1 ')st
not be re&arded as a reader obedence to control1 b)t rat+er as a state 8+c+
n2ol2es not a 'ore b)t a less alert and ca$able res$ons2eness of t+e
or&ans' to et+er e#ternal or nternal st')l.
(o 8t+ re&ard to an'alscrocodles1 fro&s1 and t+e l3e. I +old
t+eoretcall" t+at an'als are $robabl" +"$notsable and s)&&estbleG and t+e
records of Rare"5s +orseCta'n&1 &c.1 see' to $ont n t+at drecton (see
also Soist cases of 'es'ersaton of an'als n ,13 B and ,r. LUbea)lt5s
e#$er'ents 8t+ nfants n ,13 C). B)t n t+e co''oner e#$er'ents 8t+
fro&s1 8+ere 'ere $ass2t" s $rod)ced1 t+e rese'blance see's to e#tend
onl" to t+e let+ar&c sta&e n +)'an ben&s (see ,r. Bra'8ell5s dsc)sson
of t+e s)bDect n ,13 A)1 and 8+at relaton t+at let+ar&" bears to
s)&&estblt" s not1 I t+n31 reall" 3no8nG alt+o)&+ I s+all later on s)&&est
so'e e#$lanaton on $s"c+olo&cal &ro)nds.
It see's $lan1 at an" rate1 t+at t ')st be fro' st')l a$$led to 'en
and not to an'als1 and fro' st')l of a s$ecal and localsed rat+er t+an of
a 'ass2e 3nd1 t+at 8e s+all +a2e to learn 8+ate2er can be learnt as to t+e
&eness of t+e tr)e +"$notc control.
,1+ . !o8 t+ere e#sts a 8a" of nd)cn& +"$noss n so'e +"stercal
$ersons 8+c+ see's nter'edate bet8een 'ass2e and localsed
st')latons. It s ndeed a local st')latonG b)t t+ere see's no reason
be"ond so'e dee$Cseated ca$rce of t+e or&ans' 8+" t+e s$ecal tract
8+c+ s t+)s senst2e s+o)ld +a2e beco'e de2elo$ed n t+at drecton.
I s$ea3 of t+e nd)cton of trance n certan s)bDects b" $ress)re )$on
soCcalled hypnogenous 3ones. T+ese Nones for' a c)ro)s de2elo$'ent of
+"stercal ciniques. T+er startn&C$ont s t+e 8ellC3no8n $+eno'enon +i,
GLJ- of $atc+es of anFst+esa fo)nd )$on +"stercal s)bDectst+e
8tc+'ar3s9 of o)r ancestors.
(o far as 8e at $resent 3no81 t+e st)aton of t+ese 'ar3s9 s alto&et+er
ca$rco)s. It does not a$$arentl" de$end1 t+at s to sa"1 )$on an" central
leson1 n t+e sa'e 8a" as do t+e referred $ans19 fa'lar n dee$Cseated
or&anc co'$lants1 8+c+ 'anfest t+e'sel2es b" s)$erfcal $atc+es of
tenderness1 e#$lcable b" t+e dstrb)ton of ner2eCtr)n3s. T+e anFst+etc
$atc+es are an e#a'$le of 8+at I +a2e called t+e rratonal selfCs)&&estons
of t+e +"$notc strat)'Gdeter'ned b" drea'l3e fances rat+er t+an
necesstated b" $)rel" $+"solo&cal antecedents.
X)te n accordance 8t+ t+s 2e81 8e fnd t+at )nder fa2o)rable
condtonses$ecall" n a +os$tal of +"stercst+ese ano'alo)s $atc+es
or Nones de2elo$ and s$ecalse t+e'sel2es n 2aro)s 8a"s. :nder ,r.
Ptres at Bordea)# (for e#a'$le)1 8e +a2e 3ones hyst;rog=nes, 3ones
hypnog=nes, 3ones hypno$r;natrices, &c.G t+at s to sa"1 +e fnds t+at
$ress)re on certan s$ots n certan s)bDects 8ll brn& on or 8ll c+ec3
+"stercal accesses1 or accesses of 8+at s ran3ed as +"$notc slee$. T+ere s
no do)bt t+at t+s slee$ does n certan s)bDects follo8 nstantl" )$on t+e
$ress)re of certan s$ots1constant for eac+ s)bDect1 b)t dfferent for one
s)bDect and for anot+erGand t+s 8t+o)t an" consco)s coo$eraton1 or
e2en fore3no8led&e1 on t+e $atent5s $art. (tated t+)s na3edl"1 t+s see's
t+e stron&est $ossble nstance of t+e nd)cton of +"$noss b" localsed
st')l)s. T+e reader1 +o8e2er1 8ll at once )nderstand t+at n '" 2e8
t+ere s +ere no s'$le $+"solo&cal seE)ence of ca)se and effect. I ')st
re&ard t+e local $ress)re as a 'ere signaan a$$eal to t+e $refor'ed
ca$actes of la8lessl" actn& centres n t+e +"$notc strat)'. % scra$ of t+e
self +as decded1 n drea'l3e fas+on1 t+at $ress)re on a certan $ont of t+e
bod"5s s)rface s+all $rod)ce slee$GD)st as t +as decded t+at $ress)re on
t+at sa'e $ont or on so'e ot+er $ont s+all not $rod)ce $an. (elfC
s)&&eston1 and no 'ere $+"solo&cal ne#)s1 s res$onsble for t+e slee$ or
t+e +"stercal access 8+c+ follo8s t+e to)c+. T+e anFst+etc $atc+es are
+ere a drect1 b)t a ca$rco)sl" c+osen a2en)e to t+e s)bl'nal ben&1 and
t+e sa'e rando' selfCs)&&est2eness 8+c+ s res$onsble for freE)ent
deter'natons t+at +"stercal s)bDects s+all not be +"$notsed +as n t+s
case decded t+at t+e" sha be +"$notsed1 f "o) &o abo)t t n e#actl" t+e
r&+t 8a".
,1, . !e#t n order a'on& for's of localsed st')l)s )sed for nd)cn&
+"$noss 'a" be $laced monotonous stimuation,to 8+ate2er $art of t+e
bod" t be a$$led. It 8as at one t'e t+e fas+on to attrb)te al'ost all
+"$notc $+eno'ena to t+s ca)se1 and Ed')nd G)rne" and I endea2o)red
to $ont o)t t+e e#a&&eraton.
*
Of t+s $resentl"G b)t frst let )s consder t+e
fe8 cases 8+ere t+e 'onotono)s st')laton +as )ndo)btedl" +i,GLK- been
of a 3nd to affect t+e or&ans' stron&l". T+e late ,r. %)&)ste Vosn1 of
Pars1 8as $er+a$s 'ore 'ar3edl" s)ccessf)l t+an an" $+"scan n
$rod)cn& +"$noss n e#tre'e casesGn 'anacal $ersons es$ecall"1
8+ose attenton t see'ed '$ossble to f#. -e often acco'$ls+ed t+s b"
+oldn& t+er e"es o$en 8t+ t+e ble$+arostat1 and co'$elln& t+e' to &aNe1
so'et'es for +o)rs to&et+er1 at a brllant electrc l&+t. E#+a)ston
$rod)ces tranE)llt" and an al'ost co'atose slee$n 8+c+ t+e $+"scan
+as often 'ana&ed to &2e s)&&estons of &reat 2al)e. T+s see's $ractcall"
t+e onl" class of cases 8+ere a drectl" $+"solo&cal antecedent for t+e
slee$ can be $ro2edG and e2en +ere t+e $ro2able effect s rat+er t+e
e#+a)ston of 'orbd e#ctablt" t+an an" drect nd)cton of s)&&estblt".
T+s daNNln& $rocess s &enerall" acco'$aned 8t+ 2&oro)s 2erbal
s)&&estonG and t s1 of co)rse1 E)te $ossble t+at t+e $atents '&+t +a2e
been t+ro8n nto +"$noss b" t+at s)&&eston alone1 +ad t+er 'nds been
ca$able at frst of s)ffcent attenton to rece2e t.
Brad5s )$8ard and n8ard sE)nt +as an effect of t+e sa'e deadenn&
3nd as t+e lon& &aNn& at a l&+t1 and +el$s n controlln& 8andern&
attentonG b)t Brad +'self n later "ears (as 'entoned abo2e) attrb)ted
+s +"$notc s)ccesses 8+oll" to suggestion.
,1' . 4ro' 'onotono)s e#ctatons 8+c+1 8+ate2er t+er $art n
nd)cn& +"$noss1 are1 at an" rate1 s)c+ as can sensbl" affect t+e or&ans'1
I co'e do8n to t+e tr2al 'onotones of 8atc+Ctc3n&s1 $asses19 &c.1
8+c+ are stll b" a certan sc+ool re&arded as ca$able of $rod)cn& a
$rofo)nd c+an&e n t+e ner2o)s condton of t+e $erson before 8+ose face
t+e +"$notser5s +ands are slo8l" 8a2ed for ten or t8ent" 'n)tes. I re&ard
t+s as a ')c+ e#a&&erated 2e8. T+e cloc35s tc3n&1 for nstance1 f t s
'ar3ed at all1 s at least as l3el" to rrtate as to soot+eG and t+e constant
e#$erence of lfe s+o8s t+at contn)ed 'onotono)s st')l1 sa" t+e
t+robbn& of t+e scre8 at sea1 soon esca$e notce and $rod)ce no +"$notc
effect at all. It s tr)e1 ndeed1 t+at 'onotono)s roc3n& sends so'e babes to
slee$G b)t ot+er babes are 'erel" rrtated b" t+e $rocess1 and s)c+
so$orfc effect as roc3n& 'a" $ossess s $robabl" an effect on s$nal
centres or on t+e se'crc)lar canals. It de$ends less on 'ere 'onoton"
t+an on 'ass2e 'o2e'ent of t+e 8+ole or&ans'.
I t+n31 t+en1 t+at t+ere s no real &ro)nd for s)$$osn& t+at t+e tr2al
de&ree of 'onotono)s st')laton $rod)ced b" $asses often re$eated can
nd)ce n an" ordnar" $+"solo&cal 'anner t+at $rofo)nd ner2o)s
c+an&e9 8+c+ s reco&nsed as t+e $rereE)ste condton of an" +"$notc
res)lts. I t+n3 t+at $asses are effect)al &enerall" as 'ere s)&&estons1 and
')st primF $acie be re&arded n t+at l&+t1 as t+e" are1 n fact1 re&arded b"
'an" e#$erenced +"$notsers (as /lne Bra'8ell) 8+o e'$lo" t+e' 8t+
&ood effect. %fter8ards1 8+en reason s &2en for bele2n& n a tele$at+c
nfl)ence or '$act occasonall" trans'tted fro' t+e o$erator to t+e s)bDect
at a dstance1 8e s+all consder 8+et+er $asses +i,GLL- 'a" re$resent so'e
ot+er for' of t+e sa'e nfl)ence1 o$eratn& n close $+"scal cont&)t".
,1* . 4rst1 +o8e2er1 let )s consder t+e $ont 8+c+ 8e +a2e no8
reac+ed. 6e +a2e s)ccess2el" ds'ssed 2aro)s s)$$osed 'odes of
$+"solo&call" nd)cn& +"$notc trance. 6e stand at $resent n t+e
$oston of t+e !anc" sc+oolG8e +a2e fo)nd not+n& b)t suggestion
8+c+ reall" nd)ces t+e $+eno'ena.
B)t on t+e ot+er +and 8e cannot $ossbl" re&ard t+e 8ord s)&&eston as
an" real ans8er to t+e '$ortant E)eston ho# t+e +"$notc res$ons2eness
s nd)ced1 on #hat condtons t de$ends.
,oes s)&&eston (as3s ,r. Bra'8ell
*
) e0pain +"$noss and ts
$+eno'enaW
T+e ans8er to t+s E)eston ')st1 I t+n31 be a dstnctl" ne&at2e one.
T+e s)ccess of s)&&eston de$ends1 not on t+e s)&&eston tself1 b)t on
condtons n+erent n t+e s)bDect. T+ese are (*) 8lln&ness to acce$t and
carr" o)t t+e s)&&eston1 and (.) t+e $o8er to do so. In t+e +"$notsed
s)bDect1 e#ce$t n reference to cr'nal or '$ro$er s)&&estons1 t+e frst
condton s &enerall" $resent. T+e second 2ares accordn& to t+e de$t+ of
t+e +"$noss and t+e $ersonalt" of t+e $atent. 4or nstance1 I '&+t s)&&est
anal&esa1 n $recsel" s'lar ter's1 to t+ree s)bDects and "et obtan E)te
dfferent res)lts. One '&+t beco'e $rofo)ndl" anal&esc1 t+e second
sl&+tl" so1 and t+e t+rd not at all. 7)st n t+e sa'e 8a"1 f t+ree Doc3e"s
atte'$t to 'a3e t+er +orses &allo$ a certan dstance n a &2en t'e1 t+e
s)&&estons con2e"ed b" 2oce1 s$)r1 and 8+$ 'a" be s'lar1 and "et t+e
res)lts E)te dfferent. One +orse1 n res$onse to s)&&eston1 'a" easl"
co2er t+e reE)red dstance n t+e allotted t'e. It 8as bot+ able and 8lln&
to $erfor' t+e feat. T+e second1 n res$onse to so'e8+at ncreased
s)&&eston1 'a" nearl" do so. It 8as 8lln&1 b)t +ad not s)ffcent sta"n&
$o8er. T+e t+rd1 able b)t )n8lln&1 not onl" ref)ses to be&n t+e race1 b)t
bolts off n t+e contrar" drecton. 6t+ t+s +orse 8e +a2e t+e e#act
o$$oste of t+e res)lt obtaned n t+e frst nstanceG and "et $ossbl" t+e
a'o)nt of s)&&eston t rece2ed lar&el" e#ceeded t+at ad'nstered to t+e
ot+ers. %s /r. /"ers +as $onted o)t1 t+e o$erator drects t+e condton
)$on 8+c+ +"$notc $+eno'ena de$end1 b)t does not create t. Professor
Bern+e'5s co''and1 H4eel $an no 'ore1I s no 'ore a scentfc
nstr)cton -O6 not to feel $an1 t+an t+e $ro$+et5s H6as+ n 7ordan and be
cleanI 8as a $+ar'aco$Qal $rescr$ton for le$ros".9 In +"$noss t+e
essental condton s not t+e 'eans )sed to e#cte t+e $+eno'ena1 b)t t+e
$ec)lar state 8+c+ enables t+e' to be e2o3ed. ()&&eston no 'ore
e#$lans t+e $+eno'ena of +"$nots' t+an t+e crac3 of a $stol e#$lans a
boat race. Bot+ are s'$l" s&nals1 'ere $onts of de$art)re1 and not+n&
'ore. In Bern+e'5s +ands t+e 8ord s)&&eston9 +as acE)red an entrel"
ne8 s&nfcaton1 and dffers onl" n na'e fro' t+e od"llc force of t+e
'es'ersts. It +as beco'e '"stero)s and allC$o8erf)l1 and s s)$$osed to
be ca$able1 not onl" of e2o3n& and e#$lann& all t+e $+eno'ena of
+"$nots'1 b)t also of or&natn&1 na" e2en of ben&1 t+e condton tself.
%ccordn& to +s 2e81 s)&&eston not onl" starts t+e race1 b)t also creates
t+e ro8ers and b)lds t+e boatZ
Besdes 8+at s +ere sad 8t+ ob2o)s tr)t+1 t ')st be re'e'bered +i,
GLM- t+at 'an" of t+e res)lts 8+c+ follo8 )$on s)&&eston are of a t"$e
8+c+ no a'o)nt of 8lln&ness to follo8 t+e s)&&eston co)ld nd)ce1 snce
t+e" le E)te o)tsde t+e 2ol)ntar" real'. -o8e2er ds$osed a 'an 'a" be
to bele2e 'e1 +o8e2er an#o)s to $lease 'e1 one does not see +o8 t+at
s+o)ld enable +'1 for nstance1 to &o2ern t+e 'orbdl"Csecretn& cells n an
er)$ton of er"s$elas. -e alread" fr)tlessl" 8s+es t+e' to sto$ t+er
nfla''atonG t+e 'ere fact of '" e#$ressn& t+e sa'e 8s+ can +ardl" alter
+s cell)lar tss)e.
-ere1 t+en1 8e co'e to an '$ortant concl)son 8+c+ cannot 8ell be
dened1 "et s seldo' loo3ed f)ll" n t+e face. ()&&eston fro' 8t+o)t ')st
for t+e 'ost $art resol2e tself nto s)&&eston fro' 8t+n. :nless t+ere be
so'e tele$at+c or ot+er s)$ernor'al nfl)ence at 8or3 bet8een +"$notser
and $atent (8+c+ I s+all $resentl" s+o8 &ro)nd for bele2n& to be
so'et'es1 t+o)&+ not often1 t+e case)1 t+e +"$notser can $lanl" do
not+n& b" +s 8ord of co''and be"ond startn& a tran of t+o)&+t 8+c+
t+e $atent +as n 'ost cases started 'an" t'es for +'self 8t+ no res)ltG
t+e dfference ben& t+at no8 at last t+e $atent starts t a&an1 and t has a
res)lt. B)t #hy t t+)s s)cceeds on t+s $artc)lar occason1 8e s'$l" do
not 3no8. 6e cannot $redct 8+en t+e res)lt 8ll occ)rG stll less can 8e
brn& t abo)t at $leas)re.
!a"1 8e do not e2en 3no8 8+et+er t '&+t not be $ossble to ds$ense
alto&et+er 8t+ s)&&eston fro' o)tsde n 'ost of t+e cases no8 treated n
t+s 8a"1 and 'erel" to teac+ t+e $atent to 'a3e t+e s)&&estons for
+'self. If t+ere be no 'es'erc effl)ence9 $assn& fro' +"$notser to
$atent1 t+e +"$notser see's lttle 'ore t+an a 'ere ob"et de u0e/a
$ersona&e $ro2ded s'$l" to '$ress t+e 'a&naton1 8+o ')st needs
beco'e e2en abs)rdl" )seless so soon as t s )nderstood t+at +e +as no
ot+er f)ncton or $o8er.
,1) . (elfCs)&&eston1 8+ate2er t+s 'a" reall" 'ean1 s t+)s n 'ost
cases1 8+et+er a2o8edl" or not1 at t+e botto' of t+e effect $rod)ced. It +as
alread" been )sed 'ost s)ccessf)ll"1 and t 8ll $robabl" beco'e ')c+
co''oner t+an t no8 sGor1 I s+o)ld rat+er sa" (snce e2er" one no do)bt
s)&&ests to +'self 8+en +e s n $an t+at +e 8o)ld l3e t+e $an to cease)1
I antc$ate t+at selfCs)&&eston1 b" ben& n so'e 8a" better drected1 8ll
beco'e 'ore e$$ective, and t+at t+e a2era&e of 2ol)ntar" $o8er o2er t+e
or&ans' 8ll rse to a far +&+er le2el t+an t at $resent reac+es. I bele2e
t+at t+s s ta3n& $lace e2en no8G and t+at certan schemes o$ se$,
suggestion, so to call t+e'1 are co'n& nto 2o&)e1 8+ere $atents n lar&e
'asses are s)$$led 8t+ effect2e conce$tons1 8+c+ t+e" t+)s '$ress
re$eatedl" )$on t+e'sel2es 8t+o)t t+e need of a +"$notser5s attendance on
eac+ occason. I s+all $resentl" e#$lan t+at t+e /racles of Lo)rdes9 and
t+e c)res effected b" C+rstan (cence9 fall1 n '" 2e81 )nder t+s
cate&or". 6e +a2e +ere s)&&estons &2en to a E)antt" of 'ore or less
s)table $eo$le en masse, ')c+ as a $latfor' +"$notser &2es s)&&estons
to a '#ed a)dence1 so'e of 8+o' 'a" t+en +i,GLN- be affected 8t+o)t
nd2d)al attenton fro' +'self. T+e s)&&eston of t+e c)rat2e $o8er of
t+e Lo)rdes 8ater1 for nstance1 s t+)s t+ro8n o)t1 $artl" n boo3s1 $artl"
b" oral addressesG and a certan $ercenta&e of $ersons s)cceed n so
$ers)adn& t+e'sel2es of t+at c)rat2e effcac" t+at 8+en t+e" bat+e n t+e
8ater t+e" are act)all" c)red.
T+ese schemes o$ se$,suggestion, as I +a2e ter'ed t+e'1 constt)te one
of t+e 'ost nterestn& $arts of '" s)bDect1 and 8ll need caref)l st)d" at a
later $ont. B)t +ere t s '$ortant to $ont o)t t+at n order to 'a3e selfC
s)&&eston o$erat2e1 no stron& belef or ent+)sas'1 s)c+ as t+ose sc+e'es
'$l"1 s reall" necessar". !o recorded cases of selfCs)&&eston1 I t+n31 are
'ore nstr)ct2e t+an t+ose $)bls+ed b" ,r. -)&+ 6n&feld n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .=@. (T+e $a$er 8as $rnted anon"'o)sl".)
,r. 6n&feld 8as a ,e'onstrator n P+"solo&" n t+e :n2erst" of
Ca'brd&e1 and +s s)bDects 8ere 'anl" canddates for t+e !at)ral
(cences Tr$os. In t+ese cases t+ere 8as no e#cte'ent of an" 3nd1 and no
$re2o)s belef. T+e $+eno'ena occ)rred ncdentall" d)rn& a seres of
e#$er'ents on ot+er $onts1 and 8ere a s)r$rse to e2er" one concerned.
T+e res)lts ac+e2ed 8ere $artl" a)to'atc 8rtn& and $artl" $+eno'ena of
ne)roC')sc)lar e#ctablt"Gstffenn& of t+e ar's1 and so fort+. T+e
$assa&e E)oted n ,1) D &oes far to $ro2e ,r. 6n&feld5s &eneral t+ess ($.
.A;)1 It see's $robable t+atYall $+eno'ena ca$able of ben& $rod)ced b"
t+e s)&&eston of t+e +"$notser can also be $rod)ced b" selfCs)&&eston n
a selfCs)&&est2e s)bDect.9
E#$er'ents l3e t+ese1confr'n& 8t+ 'odern care t+e concl)sons
reac+ed b" 4a+nestoc3 (see ,1) A) and ot+ers at 2aro)s $onts n +"$notc
+stor"1see' to 'e to o$en a ne8 nlet nto +)'an fac)lt"1 as s)r$rsn&
n ts 8a" as t+ose frst 8ld e#$er'ents of /es'er +'self. 6+o 8o)ld
+a2e s)$$osed t+at a +ealt+" )nder&rad)ate co)ld b" an effort of 'nd
t+ro8 +s 8+ole bod" nto a state of catale$tc r&dt"1 so t+at +e co)ld rest
8t+ +s +eels on one c+ar and +ead on anot+er1 and re'an s)$$orted n
t+at condton9W or t+at ot+er +ealt+" "o)n& 'en co)ld close t+er o8n
e"es so t+at t+e" 8ere )nable to o$en t+e'19 and t+e l3eW T+e tr2al
c+aracter of t+ese laborator" e#$er'ents 'a3es t+e' $+"solo&call" t+e
'ore re'ar3able. T+ere s t+e 2er" 'n')' of $reds$osn& condtons1 of
e#cted e#$ectaton1 or of e#ternal 'ot2e $ro'$tn& to e#traordnar" effort.
%nd t+e res)lts are not s)bDect2e 'erel"relef of $an and so onb)t are
defnte ne)roC')sc)lar c+an&es1 ca$able of )n'sta3able test.
Yet1 '$ortant t+o)&+ t+ese and s'lar e#$er'ents n selfCs)&&eston
'a"be1 t+e" do not sol2e o)r $roble' as to t+e )lt'ate or&n and
dstrb)ton of t+e fac)lt" t+)s ds$la"ed. 6e 3no8 no better 8t+ selfC
s)&&eston t+an 8t+ s)&&eston fro' o)tsde #hy t s t+at one 'an
s)cceeds 8+ere ot+ers fal1 or 8+" a 'an 8+o s)cceeds once fals n +s
ne#t atte'$t. 6t+n t+e ordnar" ran&e of $+"solo&cal e#$lanatons
not+n& (I re$eat) +as as "et been dsco2ered 8+c+ can &)de )s to t+e +i,
GLO- tr)e nat)re or e#ctn& ca)ses of t+s c+aracterstc res$ons2eness of
+"$noss. If 8e are to fnd an" l&+t1 t ')st be n so'e drecton 8+c+ +as
as "et been lttle e#$lored.
,19 . T+e +nt 8+c+ I +a2e to offer +ere n2ol2es1 I +o$e1 so'et+n&
'ore t+an a 'ere c+an&e of a$$ellaton. I defne s)&&eston as s)ccessf)l
a$$eal to t+e s)bl'nal selfGnot necessarl" to t+at self n ts 'ost central1
'ost )ntar" as$ectG b)t to so'e one at least of t+ose strata of s)bl'nal
fac)lt" 8+c+ I +a2e n an earler c+a$ter descrbed.
I do not ndeed $retend t+at '" e#$lanaton can enable )s to red)ce
+"$notc s)ccess to a certant". I cannot sa" 8+" t+e $rocess s+o)ld be so
rre&)lar and ca$rco)sG so t+at no8 and t+en 8e see' to to)c+ a s$rn&
8+c+ &2es nstant access to $rofo)nd recessesG t+en all s closed and
naccessble a&an. B)t I can s+o8 t+at t+s $)NNle s $art of a 8der
$roble'1 8+c+ 'eets )s n all de$art'ents of s)bl'nal o$eraton. In s$lt
$ersonaltes1 n &en)s1 n drea's1 n sensor" and 'otor a)to'ats's1 8e
fnd t+e sa'e ftf)lness1 t+e sa'e a$$arent ca$rce. T+e ans8er to t+e
$roble' of t+e )ncertant" of +"$nots' ')st be n2ol2ed n t+e ans8er to
all t+ese ot+er $roble's too. -"$notc s)ccess or fal)re cannot de$end1 as
so'e +a2e fanced1 on so'e s)$erfcal dfference n t+e 3nd of s)&&eston
&2en. It s $art and $arcel of a 8der '"ster"Gof t+e obsc)re relatons+$s
and nterde$endences of t+e s)$ral'nal and t+e s)bl'nal self.
4or l&+t )$on s)c+ a $roble' as t+s 8e ')st 8at1 I bele2e1 )ntl a
')c+ later sta&e of o)r nE)r"1 8+en t+e $ossblt" of t+e $ossesson of t+e
or&ans' b" a dscarnate ntell&ence co'es to be consdered. %s +as been
alread" obser2ed1 t+e acE)ston of a stand$onte2en of a so'e8+at
)nstable and s+ftn& stand$onto)tsde t+e ncarnate +)'an $ersonalt"
s+o)ld enable )s1 8t+ clearer e"es1 to see ')c+ 8+c+ s no8 too nt'ate1
too dee$l" rooted n )s1 for o)r )naded anal"ss.
,(0 . Lea2n& $erforce t+s $roble' for t+e $resent )nsol2ed1 let )s
consder ot+er 8a"s n 8+c+ t+s conce$ton of s)bl'nal o$eraton 'a"
t+ro8 l&+t on t+e act)al $+eno'ena of +"$nots'G$+eno'ena at $resent
scattered n be8ldern& conf)son.
In t+e frst $lace1 t+en1 snce 8e +a2e fo)nd t+at t s n t+e seeping
$+ase of $ersonalt" t+at s)bl'nal fac)lt" s 'ost readl" e#ercsed1 8e
s+all e#$ect t+at an" evocation of t+at fac)lt" 8ll n2ol2e so'e 3nd of
de2elo$'ent of seep. Let )s +ere $a)se and consder t+e 2aldt" of t+s
$res)'$ton. T+e $lace n o)r ar&)'ent s s)table for s)c+ an nE)r". 6e
+a2e alread" dsc)ssed t+e e'$rcal 8a"s n 8+c+ +"$nots' +as been
nd)ced. 6e ')st $resentl" &o on to dsc)ss t+e t+era$e)tc effects 8+c+
+"$nots' brn&s n ts tran. It s fttn& t+at 8e s+o)ld +ere brefl" re2e8
t+e fa'lar $+eno'ena of t+e +"$notc condton tself.
!o8 t+e 8ord hypnotism tself '$les t+at so'e 3nd of seep or trance
s re&arded as ts leadn& c+aracterstc. %nd alt+o)&+ soCcalled +"$notc
s)&&estons do so'et'es ta3e effect n t+e 8a3n& state1 o)r )s)al test of
+i,GMP- t+e +"$notser5s s)ccess les n t+e sl)'berl&+t or dee$nto
8+c+ +s s)bDect s t+ro8n. It s1 ndeed1 a sl)'ber 8+c+ ad'ts at t'es of
stran&e 8a3n&s and act2tesG b)t t s also 'anfestl" $rofo)nder t+an t+e
slee$ 8+c+ 8e +abt)all" enDo".
T+e tr)e nat)re of t+s +"$notc slee$ +as been a s)bDect of ')c+ debate.
%t frst t 8as re&arded as a s$ecfc for' of trance1 bro)&+t on b" a s$ecfc
a&enc"na'el"1 t+e 'es'erc or 'a&netc effl)ence1 co'')ncated fro'
t+e baquet or fro' t+e +ands or e"es of t+e 'es'erst. ('larl" Ellotson
and Esdale contn)ed to treat t+e 'es'erc slee$ as a condton sui generis,
e2o3ed b" t+e 'es'erc effl)ence n 8+c+ t+e" also bele2ed.
6+en1 +o8e2er1 t beca'e 3no8n t+at +"$noss co)ld often be nd)ced
b" 'ere 2erbal s)&&eston or b" selfCs)&&eston1 )nder crc)'stances 8+c+
$recl)ded t+e dea of an" trans'sson of effl)ence1 t 8as fo)nd 2er" +ard
to e#$lan t+e nat)re of t+e c+aracterstc slee$G)ntl at last Bern+e' and
+s follo8ers too3 t+e b)ll b" t+e +orns1 and declared t+at t+e slee$ 8as not
c+aracterstcG b)t t+at t+e +"$notc trance 8as dentcal 8t+ ordnar"
sl)'ber1ordnar" sl)'ber rendered b" s)&&eston 'ore s)&&estble.9
T+at s to sa"1 o)t of ordnar" slee$1 re&arded as a defnte res)lt of certan
$+"solo&cal condtons1 Bern+e' ne2ert+eless de2elo$s (8t+o)t f)rt+er
$+"solo&cal a&enc" of an" 3nd) a $s"c+olo&cal condton 8+c+ dffers
ob2o)sl" and $rofo)ndl" fro' ordnar" slee$1 and 8+c+ s e2en consstent
8t+ a$$arentl" co'$lete 2&lance. T+s1 s)rel"1 s a 'ere abandon'ent of
t+e real $roble'.
,(1 . 4ro' '" $ont of 2e81 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e $roble' +ere s
'erel" an ne2table $art of a $roble' alread" faced (albet not sol2ed) n a
8der for'. If slee$ be t+e $+ase of $ersonalt" s$ecall" consecrated to
s)bl'nal o$eraton1 t follo8s t+at an" s)ccessf)l a$$eal to t+e s)bl'nal
self 8ll be l3el" to nd)ce so'e for' of slee$. %nd f)rt+er1 f t+at for' of
slee$ be n fact not an ne2table res)lt of $+"solo&cal needs1 b)t a
res$onse to a $s"c+olo&cal a$$eal1 t see's not )nl3el" t+at 8e s+o)ld be
able to co'')ncate 8t+ t 8t+o)t nterr)$tn& tGand s+o)ld t+)s be
able to &)de or s)$$le'ent s)bl'nal o$eratons1 D)st as n &en)s t+e
s)bl'nal self &)ded or s)$$le'ented s)$ral'nal o$eratons.
4or '" $art1 t+en1 I s+all abandon t+e atte'$t to force all t+e 2ared
trances1 let+ar&es1 slee$C8a3n& states1 to 8+c+ +"$nots' ntrod)ces )s
nto t+e s'lt)de of ordnar" slee$. Rat+er I s+all sa" t+at n t+ese states
8e see t+e s)bl'nal self co'n& to t+e s)rface n 8a"s alread" fa'lar to
)s1 and ds$lacn& D)st so ')c+ of t+e s)$ral'nal as 'a" fro' t'e to t'e
be needf)l for t+e $erfor'ance of ts o8n 8or3. T+at 8or31 I sa"1 8ll be of
a c+aracter 8+c+ 8e 3no8 alread"G t+e dfference s t+at 8+at 8e +a2e seen
done s$ontaneo)sl" 8e no8 see done n res$onse to o)r a$$eal.
,(( . %r'ed 8t+ t+s s'$lf"n& conce$ton1s'$lf"n& n s$te of
ts fran3 ad'sson of an )nderl"n& '"ster"18e s+all fnd no added +i,
GMG- dffc)lt" n se2eral $onts 8+c+ +a2e been t+e s)bDects of ea&er
contro2ers". T+e sequence of +"$notc $+eno'ena1 t+e E)eston of t+e
stages of +"$nots'1 s one of t+ese. I +a2e alread" brefl" descrbed +o8
C+arcot $ro$o)nded +s t+ree sta&eslet+ar&"1 catale$s"1 so'na'b)ls'
as t+o)&+ t+e" for'ed t+e ne2table de2elo$'ent of a $+"solo&cal la8G
and +o8 co'$letel" t+s cla' +as no8 +ad to be 8t+dra8n. Ot+er
sc+e'es +a2e been dra8n o)t1 b" LUbea)lt1 &c.1 b)t none of t+e' see' to
do 'ore t+an reflect t+e e#$erence of so'e one +"$notst5s $ractce. T+e
s'$lest arran&e'ent s t+at of Ed')nd G)rne"1 8+o s$o3e onl" of an
alert sta&e9 and a dee$ sta&e9 of +"$noss . ,(( B /G and e2en +ere 8e
cannot sa" t+at et+er sta&e n2arabl" $recedes t+e ot+er. T+e alert sta&e1
8+c+ often ca'e frst 8t+ G)rne"5s s)bDects1 co'es last n C+arcot5s
sc+e'eG and t s +ardl" safe to sa" 'ore t+an t+at +"$nots' s a$t to s+o8
a seres of c+an&es fro' slee$C8a3n& to let+ar&" and bac3 a&an1 and t+at
t+e ad2anced sta&es s+o8 'ore of s)bl'nal fac)lt" t+an t+e earler ones.
T+ere s ')c+ s&nfcance n an e#$er'ent of ,r. 7)les 7anet1 8+o1 b"
contn)ed $asses19 carred on 6tt'an1 C+arcot5s leadn& s)bDect1 be"ond
+er )s)al so'na'b)lc state nto a ne8 let+ar&c state1 and o)t a&an fro'
t+ence nto a ne8 slee$C8a3n& state 'ar3edl" s)$eror to t+e old . ,(( A /.
,(3 . G)rne" +eld t+e 2e8 t+at t+e 'an dstncton of 3nd bet8een +s
alert9 and +s dee$9 sta&e of +"$noss 8as to be fo)nd n t+e do'an of
'e'or"1 8+le 'e'or" also afforded t+e 'eans for dstn&)s+n& t+e
+"$notc state as a 8+ole fro' t+e nor'al one. %s a &eneral r)le (t+o)&+
8t+ n)'ero)s e#ce$tons)1 t+e e2ents of ordnar" lfe are re'e'bered n
t+e trance1 8+le t+e trance e2ents are for&otten on 8a3n&1 b)t tend to rec)r
to t+e 'e'or" on re+"$notsaton. B)t t+e 'ost nterestn& $art of +s
obser2atons (see ,(3 A ) conssted n s+o8n& alternatons of 'e'or" n
t+e alert and dee$ sta&es of t+e trance tselfGt+e deas '$ressed n t+e one
sort of state ben& al'ost al8a"s for&otten n t+e ot+er1 and as n2arabl"
a&an re'e'bered 8+en t+e for'er state rec)rs. On e#$er'entn& f)rt+er1
+e 'et 8t+ a sta&e n 8+c+ t+ere 8as a dstnct t+rd tran of 'e'or"1
nde$endent of t+e ot+ersGand t+s1 of co)rse1 s)&&ests a f)rt+er do)bt as
to t+ere ben& an" f#ed n)'ber of sta&es n t+e trance. T+e later
e#$er'ents of /rs. (d&8c3 on t+e sa'e s)bDect (recorded n ,(3 B )1 n
8+c+ e&+t or nne dstnct trans of 'e'or" 8ere fo)ndeac+ rec)rrn&
8+en t+e corres$ondn& sta&e of de$t+ of t+e trance 8as reac+edsee' to
s+o8 concl)s2el" t+at t+e n)'ber 'a" 2ar" al'ost ndefntel". 6e +a2e
alread" seen t+at n cases of alternatn& $ersonaltes t+e n)'ber of
$ersonaltes s'larl" 2ares1
*
and t+e st)dent 8+o no8 follo8s or re$eats
+i,GMH- G)rne"5s e#$er'ents1 8t+ t+e ncreased 3no8led&e of s$lt
$ersonaltes 8+c+ recent "ears +a2e bro)&+t1 cannot fal to be str)c3 8t+
t+e analo&es bet8een G)rne"5s artfcal l&+t and dee$ states18t+ t+er
se$arate c+ans of 'e'or"1and t+ose 'orbd alternatn& $ersonaltes1
8t+ t+er co'$le# 'ne'onc clea2a&es and lac)nF1 8t+ 8+c+ 8e dealt n
C+a$ter II. T+e +"$notc sta&es are n fact secondar" or alternatn&
$ersonaltes of 2er" s+allo8 t"$e1 b)t for t+at 2er" reason all t+e better
ada$ted for teac+n& )s fro' 8+at 3nds of s)bl'nal dsa&&re&aton t+e
'ore sero)s s$lts n $ersonalt" ta3e t+er rse.
,(+ . %nd beneat+ and bet8een t+ese a8a3enn&s nto l'ted1 $artal
alertness les t+at $rofo)nd +"$notc trance 8+c+ one can best descrbe as a
scentfc or $)r$os2e rearran&e'ent of t+e ele'ents of slee$Ga
rearran&e'ent n 8+c+ 8+at s +el$f)l s ntensfed1 8+at s 'erel"
+ndern& or solatn& s re'o2ed or red)ced. % 'an5s ordnar" slee$ s at
once )nstable and rres$ons2e. Yo) can 8a3e +' 8t+ a $nC$rc31 b)t f
"o) tal3 to +' +e 8ll not +ear or ans8er "o)1 )ntl "o) ro)se +' 8t+ t+e
'ere nose. T+at s slee$ as t+e needs of o)r t'oro)s ancestors deter'ned
t+at t s+o)ld be.
-"$notc slee$1 on t+e contrar"1 s at once stable and res$ons2eG stron&
n ts resstance to s)c+ st')l as t c+ooses to &noreG read" n ts
accessblt" to s)c+ a$$eals as t c+ooses to ans8er.
Prc3 or $nc+ t+e +"$notsed s)bDect1 and alt+o)&+ so'e strat)' of +s
$ersonalt" 'a" be a8are1 n so'e fas+on1 of "o)r act1 t+e slee$ 8ll
&enerall" re'an )nbro3en. B)t f "o) s$ea3 to +'1or e2en s$ea3 before
+'1t+en1 +o8e2er $rofo)nd +s a$$arent let+ar&"1 t+ere s so'et+n& n
+' 8+c+ 8ll +ear.
*
%ll t+s s tr)e e2en of earler sta&es of trance. ,ee$er stll les t+e sta&e
of +&+est nterestGt+at slee$C8a3n& n 8+c+ t+e s)bl'nal self s at last
set free1s at last able not onl" to rece2e b)t to res$ondG 8+en t be&ns to
tell )s t+e secrets of t+e slee$n& $+ase of $ersonalt"1 be&nnn& 8t+
drectons as to t+e cond)ct of t+e trance or of t+e c)re1 and &on& on to 8+o
3no8s 8+at ns&+t nto 8+o 3no8s 8+at 8orld afarW
6t+o)t1 t+en1 entern& nto 'ore detal as to t+e 2ar"n& for's 8+c+
+"$noss at dfferent sta&es 'a" ass)'e1 I +a2e +ere traced ts central
c+aracterstcGt+e de2elo$'ent1 na'el"1 of t+e slee$n& $+ase of
$ersonalt" n s)c+ fas+on as to allo8 of so'e s)$ral'nal &)dance of t+e
s)bl'nal self.
+i,GMI-
,(, . 6e +a2e +ere a defnton of ')c+ 8der $)r2e8 t+an an" 8+c+
+as been +abt)all" a$$led to t+e $rocess of +"$notsaton or to t+e state of
+"$noss. To test ts 2aldt"1 to e#$lan ts sco$e1 8e need a s)r2e" of
+"$notc res)lts ')c+ 8der n ran&e t+an an" en)'eraton of t+e 3nd at
$resent )s)al n te#tCboo3s1t+an an" 'ere lst of ne)ro')sc)lar and 2asoC
'otor $+eno'ena $ro2o3ed1 or of 'alades c)red b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
Re&ardn& +"$notc ac+e2e'ents 'anl" n t+er menta as$ects1 I ')st
see3 for so'e broad $rnc$le of classfcaton 8+c+ on t+e one +and 'a"
not be so e#cl)s2el" 'oral as to be $+"solo&call" )ntranslatable1l3e
t+e dstncton bet8een 2ce and 2rt)eGor on t+e ot+er +and so
e#cl)s2el" $+"solo&cal as to be 'orall" )ntranslatable1l3e t+e
dstncton bet8een cerebral anae'a and +"$erF'a.
Per+a$s t+e broadest contrast 8+c+ s e#$ressble n bot+ 'oral and
$+"solo&cal ter's s t+e contrast bet8een c+ec3 and st')l)s1bet8een
inhibition and dynamogeny. !ot1 ndeed1 t+at s)c+ ter's as checB and
stimuus can be $ressed n detalG t s E)te $ossble1 for nstance1 t+at t+e
acton of 8+at 8e call n+btor" ner2es 'a" &2e a sense of ncreased 'oral
act2t". Yet t+e ter's do corres$ond 8ell eno)&+ 8t+ a dee$ dstncton n
o)r $ractcal ed)caton1t+e dstncton bet8een t+e c+ec3n& or
co)nter'andn& on t+e one +and of '$)lses alread" e#stent1 and t+e
+e&+tenn&1 on t+e ot+er +and1 of e#stent $o8ers1 or t+e nf)son of ne8
'$)lses. T+e central $o8er1t+e r)ln& a&enc" 8t+n t+e 'an 8+c+
&2es t+e co''and1s no do)bt t+e sa'e n bot+ cases. B)t t+e co''on
contrast bet8een ne&at2e and $ost2e e#+ortatons1t+s "o) s+all not
do19 t+s "o) sha do198ll +el$ to &2e clearness to o)r re2e8 of t+e
nfl)ences of +"$nots' n ts bearn&s on ntell&ence and c+aracter1ts
$s"c+olo&cal effcac".
,(' . Let )s t+en re&ard +"$notc s)&&eston as a summarised
education, and consder o2er 8+at ran&e of n+bton and d"na'o&en" an
ordnar" ed)caton s e#$ected to e#tend. I deal n %$$endces 8t+ t+e
obsc)re b)t '$ortant E)eston of $renatal s)&&eston1 and $ass on to t+e
$ont 8+en ed)caton ad'ttedl" be&nsG t+at s1 of co)rse1 n t+e cradle.
T+ere t enters at once )$on ts do)ble tas3 of re$resson and st')l)s.
Re$resson s needed lon& before 'oral teac+n& be&ns1 fro' t+e 'ere fact
t+at all 3nds of '$)lses tend to e#$ress t+e'sel2es n act1and t+at 'an"
of t+e res)ltant acts1 f often re$eated1 are )nbeco'n& or nD)ro)s. T+e
$re2enton and c)re of bad tricBs s a 'an b)sness of t+e n)rser". -ardl"
'ore t+an bad trc3s1 n t+er nce$ton1 are 2aro)s ot+er '$)lses of +aste1
an&er1 &reed1 sens)alt"1 8+c+ f left )nc+ec3ed 'a" de2elo$ nto dee$C
seated 2ce. %nd e2en 8+en t+e fra'e s 'at)red and selfCcontrol n 'ost
ot+er 'atters ass)red1 t+e s$ecal attract2eness of certan st')lants for
certan or&ans's o2erco'es t+e 8+ole n+btor" stren&t+t+e 'ost
needf)l $r)denceof no s'all $ro$orton of t+e +)'an race.
T+e feld o2er 8+c+ n+bton s necessar" s t+)s a 2er" 8de one. +i,
GMJ- 6e s+all $resentl" fnd t+at +"$notc s)&&eston s able to e#ert
effect2e control at e2er" $ont.
T+e 8or3 of st')l)s or d"na'o&en" n ed)caton s e2en 'ore dffc)lt
to e#ec)te $ro$erl" t+an t+at of n+bton. 6e 3no8 $rett" 8ell 8+at 8e
8s+ to $re2ent t+e c+ld fro' don&. It s +arder to dsco2er all t+at a
D)dco)s ed)caton '&+t ad2anta&eo)sl" teac+ +' to do. T+e 2er" frst
lesson 8+c+ 8e +a2e to '$ress )$on +'attentions reall" of
)n3no8n sco$e. 6e are )s)all" satsfed 8t+ t+e inhibitory sde of t+e
lessonG 8t+ t+e restrant of 8andern& t+o)&+t. T+e intensity of t+e attenton
t+)s steaded s a dfferent 'atterG and I s+all $resentl" E)ote certan
e#$er'ents 8+c+ $ont to $ossbltes n t+s drecton as "et seldo'
realsed. Intellect)al ed)caton1 rendered $ossble b" attenton1 ncl)des t+e
trann& of $erce$ton1 'e'or"1 and 'a&natonG and all t+ese fac)ltes 8ll
be fo)nd to +a2e been so'et'es ')c+ +e&+tened b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
/oral ed)caton1 a&an1 $res)$$oses a trann& of attenton1 'anl" n
e'otonal drectons1 and b" 'et+ods often bot+ n+bt2e and
d"na'o&enc. 6e restran 'orbd fears b" nc)lcatn& co)ra&e and selfC
res$ectG 8e )se t+e e#$)ls2e $o8er of a ne8 affecton9 to bans+
)n8ort+" desre. % re2e8 of certan +"$notc tr)'$+s 8ll $resentl"
ll)strate t+e $otenc" of s)&&eston n cases 8+ere a lfe +as see'ed
rretre2abl" r)ned b" so'e nsstent $reCocc)$aton or nesca$able fear.
T+e selfCre&ardn& 2rt)es1 as +as been sad1 de$end lar&el" )$on $o8er
of inhibition/ and 8+ere dynamogeny s needed for t+e attan'ent of t+ose
2rt)es18+ere t s '$ortant to st')late rat+er t+an to control1t+e
st')l)s s a$$led to nstncts 8+c+ 8e are $rett" s)re to fnd alread"
e#stn&. E2er" 'an 8s+es 8t+ 'ore or less ener&" for +ealt+1 8ealt+1
consderaton1 s)ccess. B)t 8+en fro' t+e selfCre&ardn& 8e $ass on to t+e
altr)stc 2rt)es1 8e cannot be eE)all" s)re of fndn& an '$)lse read" for
de2elo$'ent.
%fter a certan $ont of +el$f)lness and 3ndlness +as been reac+ed1 t+e
+&+er strans of &enerost"1 selfCabne&aton1 '$ersonal ent+)sas'1 le
o)tsde t+e feld of ordnar" ed)caton. ('larl" t+e" see' as "et to le
o)tsde t+e feld of ordnar" +"$notc s)&&eston. 6e s+all ndeed $resentl"
fnd t+at t+e c)red d$so'anac or 'or$+no'anac s re$orted as leadn& a
lfe 8+c+ 8ns t+e estee' of +s fello8C'en. -e reac+es1 one 'a" sa"1 a
$oston of et+cal stablt"G b)t 8e +a2e no e2dence of +s attann& to an"
e'nent 2rt)e.
In $ont of fact no one s l3el" to a$$l" to a $+"scan to +"$notse +'
nto a sant. !or a&an1and t+s s of 'ore $ractcal '$ortance1s an"
selfs+ s)ccessf)l 'an l3el" to as3 to be rendered &enero)s and )n8orldl".
-e +as n +s o8n 8a" ada$ted +'self to +s en2ron'entG +e does not 8s+
to be $rofo)ndl" c+an&ed.
It s not1 t+erefore1 fro' t+e +os$tal or t+e cons)ltn&Croo' t+at 8e
s+o)ld e#$ect to +ear of &reat c+an&es of c+aracter for loft" ends. ()c+ +i,
GMK- c+an&es +a2e not been 'ade1 and $er+a$s can +ardl" be 'ade1 t+e
s)bDects of e#$er'ents n cold blood. T+e" occ)r1 ne2ert+eless. In e2er"
race1 n e2er" a&e1 t+ere +a2e been conversionsc+an&es and ele2atons of
c+aracter ascrbed to ,2ne Grace. 6e s+all fnd as 8e $roceed t+at at t+s
$ont o)r re2e8 of +"$notc effects 'er&esas on an" satsfactor" t+eor"
t o)&+t to 'er&ento a 8der consderaton of t+e s$rt)al stren&t+ of
'an.
To so'e s)c+ 8dened o)tloo3 8e ')st &rad)all" lead )$1 re2e8n& n
t)rn t+e 2aro)s for'sfrst of n+bton1 t+en of d"na'o&en"of 8+c+
ordnar" ed)caton1 fro' t+e n)rser" on8ards1 s 8ont to consst.
,(* . T+e 'ost r)d'entar" for' of restrant or n+bton1 as alread"
sad1 les n o)r effort to $reser2e t+e nfant or "o)n& c+ld fro' acE)rn&
8+at 8e call bad trc3s.9 T+ese 'orbd affectons of 'otor centres1 trfln&
n t+er nce$ton1 8ll so'et'es &ro8 )ntl t+e" are nc)rable b" an"
rU&'e or 'edca'entGna"1 tll an acton so ns&nfcant as s)c3n& t+e
t+)'b 'a" 8or3 t+e r)n of a lfe.
In no drecton1 $er+a$s1 do t+e res)lts of s)&&eston a$$ear 'ore
ne#$lcable t+an +ere. !o8+ereas t+e cases n '" %$$endces (,(* A
and B) s+o8+a2e 8e a 'ore cons$c)o)s to)c+n& of a s$rn&Ga 'ore
co'$lete ac+e2e'ent1 al'ost n a sn&le 'o'ent1 of t+e del2erance 8+c+
"ears of $anf)l effort +a2e faled to effect.
T+ese cases stand 'd8a" bet8een ordnar" t+era$e)tcs and 'oral
s)ason. !o one can +ere do)bt t+e '$ortance of fndn& t+e s+ortest and
s8ftest $at+ to c)re. !or s t+ere an" reason to t+n3 t+at c)res t+)s
obtaned are less co'$lete or $er'anent t+an f t+e" +ad been ac+e2ed b"
&rad)al 'oral effort. T+ese facts s+o)ld be borne n 'nd t+ro)&+o)t t+e
8+ole seres of t+e +&+er +"$notc effects1 and s+o)ld ser2e to ds$el an"
an#et" as to t+e $ossble loss of 'oral trann& 8+en c)re s t+)s 'a&call"
s8ft. Eac+ of t+ese effects conssts1 as 8e ')st s)$$ose1 n t+e
'odfcaton of so'e &ro)$ of ner2o)s centresG and1 so far as 8e can tell1
t+at s D)st t+e sa'e res)lt 8+c+ 'oral effort 'ade abo2e t+e consco)s
t+res+old 'ore slo8l" and $anf)ll" attans. T+s dfference1 n fact1 s l3e
t+e dfference bet8een res)lts ac+e2ed b" dl&ence and res)lts ac+e2ed b"
&en)s. (o'et+n& 2al)able n t+e 8a" of trann&1so'e e#ercse n
$atence and resol2e1no do)bt 'a" be 'ssed b" t+e 'an 8+o s
s)&&ested9 nto sobret"Gn t+e sa'e 8a" as t 8as 'ssed b" t+e
sc+oolbo" Ga)ss18rtn& do8n t+e ans8ers to $roble's as soon as set1
nstead of s$endn& on t+e' a dl&ent +o)r. B)t 'oral $ro&ress s n ts
essence as l'tless as 'at+e'atcalG and t+e 'an 8+o s t+)s carred o2er
r)d'entar" str)&&les 'a" stll fnd $lent" of 'oral effort n lfe to tran +s
c+aracter and ta# +s resol)ton.
,() . %'on& t+ese 'orbd trc3s Beptomania +as an nterest of ts o8n1
on acco)nt of t+e freE)ent do)bt 8+et+er t s not $)t for8ard as a 'ere
e#c)se for $lfern&. It 'a" t+)s +a$$en t+at t+e c)re s t+e best $roof of t+e
e#stence of t+e dseaseG and certan c)res (E)oted n +i,GML- ,() A and B )
ndcate t+at t+e '$)lse +as 2ertabl" n2ol2ed a 'orbd e#ctablt" of
'otor centres1 acted on b" s$ecal st')l1an id;e $i0e 8t+ an ''edate
o)tco'e n act.
/an" 8ords and acts of vioence fall )nder t+e sa'e cate&or"1 n cases
8+ere t+e '$)lse to s8ear or to str3e +as acE)red t+e )nreasonn&
a)to'atc $ro'$tness of a tic, and "et 'a" be at once n+bted b"
s)&&eston. /an" )ndesrable '$)lses n t+e real' of se0 are also ca$able
of ben& t+)s corrected or re'o2ed.
,(9 . T+e st')lants and narcotcs1 to 8+c+ o)r re2e8 ne#t leads )s1
for's a standn& 'enace to +)'an 2rt)e. B" so'e stran&e accdent of o)r
de2elo$'ent1 t+e '$)lse of o)r or&ans's to8ards certan dr)&s alco+ol1
o$)'1 and t+e l3es stron& eno)&+ to o2er$o8er1 n a lar&e $ro$orton of
'an3nd1 not onl" t+e lateCacE)red altr)stc '$)lses1 b)t e2en t+e $r'ar"
'$)lses of selfCre&ard and selfC$reser2aton. 6e are bro)&+t bac31 one 'a"
al'ost sa"1 to t+e c+'ota#"9 of t+e lo8est or&ans's1 8+c+ arran&e
t+e'sel2es ne2tabl" n s$ecfc relaton to o#"&en1 'alc acd1 or 8+ate2er
t+e st')l)s 'a" be. 6e t+)s e#$erence n o)rsel2es a stran&e conflct
bet8een 'oral res$onsblt" and 'olec)lar affntesGt+e central 8ll
o2erborne b" d)'b )nn)'bered ele'ents of o)r ben&. 6t+ t+s condton
of t+n&s +"$notc s)&&eston deals often n a c)ro)s 8a". T+e s)&&eston
s not &enerall" felt as a stren&t+enn& of t+e central 8ll. It rese'bles rat+er
a 'olec)lar reds$ostonG t lea2es t+e $atent ndfferent to t+e st')l)s1 or
e2en ds&)sted 8t+ t. T+e 'an for 8+o' alco+ol +as co'bned t+e
e#tre'es of del&+t and terror no8 l2es as t+o)&+ n a 8orld n 8+c+
alco+ol dd not e#st at all. ((ee ,(9 A and B G also a case of t+e c)re of
e#cess2e s'o3n& n ,(9 C .)
,30 . E2en for t+e sla2e of 'or$+a t+e sa'e s)dden freedo' s
so'et'es ac+e2ed. It +as been sad of 2ct's to 'or$+aCnDecton t+at a
c)re 'eans deat+Gso often +as s)cde follo8ed on t+e dstress ca)sed b"
&2n& )$ t+e dr)&. B)t n certan cases c)red b" s)&&eston t see's t+at no
cra2n& 8+atsoe2er +as $erssted after t+e s)dden ds)se of t+e dr)&. T+ere
s so'et+n& +ere 8+c+ s n one sense $rofo)nder t+an 'oral refor'.
T+ere s so'et+n& 8+c+ s)&&ests a s$rt 8t+n )s less nD)red t+an 8e
'&+t +a2e feared b" t+e bod"5s de&radaton. T+e 'or$+no'anac
charactert+e lo8est t"$e of s)bDecton to a r)ln& 2cedsa$$ears fro'
t+e $ersonalt" n $ro$orton as t+e dr)& s el'nated fro' t+e s"ste'. T+e
s+rn3n& o)tcast t)rns at once nto t+e res$ectable 'an. ((ee ,30 A .)
,31 . T+e t+e'e 8+c+ co'es ne#t n order1 8+le of frstCrate
'$ortance1 cannot be freel" treated e#ce$t n a $)rel" 'edcal 8or3. I +a2e
s$o3en of t+e standn& dan&er 8+c+ t+e st')l)s of alco+ol constt)tes to
+)'an +ealt+ and +a$$ness. T+ere e#sts1 I need not sa"1 a st')l)s stll
'ore $o8erf)l1 and stll 'ore ne#trcabl" nter8o2en 8t+ t+e tss)e of lfe
tself. In '" c+a$ter on Gen)s I +a2e endea2o)red (as +i,GMM- t+e dsc$le
of Plato) to s+o8 +o8 t+at nstnct for )non 8t+ bea)t" 8+c+ 'anfests
tself 'ost ob2o)sl" n se#)al $asson 'a" be e#alted nto a s"'bolcal
ntrod)cton nto a sacred and s$rt)al 8orld. In '" dsc)sson of +"stera I
s+o8ed +o8 s)&&eston 'a" be )sed to rele2e certan of t+e 'ore delcate
sorro8s nto 8+c+ t+at $asson 'a" betra" t+e "earnn& and )nconsco)s
+eart. B)t t+ere are baser "earnn&s1 sorro8s of fo)ler stanG t+ere are
'adnesses and 'elanc+oles 8+ose ca)se e2en t+e $+"scan or t+e
confessor ')st often &)ess rat+er t+an +ear. It ')st be eno)&+ to sa" t+at n
'an" s)c+ cases t+e +"$notsn& $+"scan +as $ro2ed t+e 'ost +el$f)l of
confessorsG t+at n t+s drecton also '$)lses +a2e been arrested1 a$$ettes
transfor'edG t+at +ere1 too1 as 8t+ t+e 2ct's of alco+ol or 'or$+a1 t+e
8orld +olds 'an" 'en and 8o'en sane and so)nd 8+o' b)t for +"$notc
s)&&eston 8e '&+t no8 +a2e so)&+t n 2anGsa2e n t+e $rson1 t+e
'ad+o)se1 or t+e &ra2e.
*
,3( . (o'e of t+ese $rofo)nd and $er2as2e dsorders of t+e se#)al
$asson1 f f)ll" anal"sed1 '&+t s)$$l" )s 8t+ t"$es of al'ost e2er"
2aret" of $er2erst" and foll". B)t e2en a$art fro' t+ese1 and a$art fro'
tro)bles conseE)ent on an" ntell&ble nstnct1 an" dsco2erable st')l)s of
$leas)re1 t+ere are a ')ltt)de of '$)lses1 fears1 'a&natons1 one or 'ore
of 8+c+ 'a" ta3e $ossesson of $ersons not ot+er8se a$$arentl" )n+ealt+"
or +"stercal1 so'et'es to an e#tent so dstressn& as to '$el to s)cde. I
bele2e t+at t+ese rratonal fears or $+obes9 are often d)e to +eredt"G
not al8a"s to a re2erson to $r't2e terrors1b)t (as n t+e case of +orror
at nD)r" to fn&erCnals E)oted fro' /r. 4rancs Galton n ,(' B ) to an
accdental and1 so to sa"1 traumatic n+ertance of so'e $renatal s)&&eston.
-o8e2er or&nated1 t+ese 'orbd a2ersons (l3e ot+er id;es $i0es 8+c+ I
reser2e for later 'enton) 'a" often le 2er" dee$1 and n t+er s)dden
re'o2al b" +"$notc s)&&eston t+e" re'nd one of t+e dee$Cseated t)'o)rs
8+c+ Esdale )sed to astons+ t+e Calc)tta cooles b" e#tr$atn& 8+le
t+e" sle$t.
% freE)ent for' of id;e $i0e conssts of so'e restrctn& or dsabln&
$reocc)$aton or fear. (o'e of t+ese $+obes9 +a2e been often descrbed
of late "ears1as1 for nstance1 agoraphobia, 8+c+ 'a3es a 'an dread to
cross an o$en s$aceG and ts con2erse1 caustrophobia, 8+c+ 'a3es +'
s+rn3 fro' sttn& n a roo' 8t+ closed doorsG or t+e stll 'ore dstressn&
mysophobia, 8+c+ 'a3es +' constantl" )neas" lest +e s+o)ld +a2e
beco'e drt" or defled (see %$$endces to t+s secton).
%ll t+ese dsorders n2ol2e a 3nd of ds$lace'ent or cra'$ of t+e
attentonG and for all of t+e'1 one 'a" broadl" sa"1 +"$notc s)&&eston s
t+e best and often t+e onl" c)re. ()&&eston see's to st')late anta&onstc
centresG to o$en clo&&ed c+annelsG to $rod)ce1 n s+ort1 +o8e2er 8e 'a&ne
t+e $rocess1 a ra$d dsa$$earance of t+e nsstent noton.
+i,GMN-
I +a2e s$o3en of t+s effect as t+o)&+ t 8ere 'anl" to be 2al)ed
ntellect)all"1 as a readD)st'ent of t+e dslocated attenton. B)t I ')st note
also t+at t+e 'oral res)lts 'a" be as '$ortant +ere as n t+e cases of
n+bton of d$so'ana and t+e l3e1 alread" 'entoned. T+ese 'orbd
fears 8+c+ s)&&eston rele2es 'a" be r)no)sl" de&radn& to a 'an5s
c+aracter. T+e n&redents of ant$at+"1 of Dealo)s"1 8+c+ t+e" so'et'es
contan1 'a" 'a3e +' dan&ero)s to +s fello8s as 8ell as loat+so'e to
+'self. One or t8o cases of t+e c)re of 'orbd Dealo)s" are to '" 'nd
a'on& t+e best records 8+c+ +"$nots' +as to s+o8 (see ,,* A).
,33 . T+e e#tr$aton of t)'o)rs1 +o8e2er1 s not t+e onl" $)r&at2e
$rocess 8+c+ t+e bodl" or&ans' e2er needs. %nd t+e $s"c+cal or&ans'
alsoto contn)e o)r 'eta$+ors s)bDect to 'an" bloc3n&s and
clo&&n&s 8+c+ t 8o)ld be 8ell to ds$erse f 8e co)ld. T+e treas)re of
'e'or" s '#ed 8t+ r)bbs+G t+e ca)ton 8+c+ e#$erence +as ta)&+t +as
often been ta)&+t too 8ellG $+loso$+c cal' +as often froNen nto a$at+".
Plato 8o)ld +a2e t+e old 'en n +s re$)blc $led 8ell 8t+ 8ne on festal
da"s1 t+at t+er ton&)es '&+t be )nloosed to co'')ncate t+er 8sdo'
8t+o)t reser2e. %cc)')lated e#$erence19 t +as been sad 8t+ ')c+
tr)t+ n 'ore 'odern lan&)a&e1
*
+a'$ers acton1 dst)rbs t+e lo&cal
reacton of t+e nd2d)al to +s en2ron'ent. T+e 8ant of control 8+c+
'ar3s t+e decadence of 'ental $o8er s Lso'et'esM tself )nd)e control1 a
$re$onderance of t+e secondar" o2er t+e $r'ar" nfl)ences.9
!o8 t+e re'o2al of s+"ness1 or mauvaise honte , 8+c+ +"$notc
s)&&eston can effect1 s n fact a purgation o$ memory,n+btn& t+e
recollecton of $re2o)s fal)res1 and settn& free 8+ate2er &ro)$ of
a$tt)des s for t+e 'o'ent reE)red. T+)s1 for t+e bo" called on to 'a3e an
oraton n a $latfor' e#+bton1 +"$notsaton sets free t+e primary nstnct
of &arr)lt" 8t+o)t t+e restrann& fear of rdc)le. 4or t+e ')scal
e#ec)tant1 on t+e ot+er +and1 a s'lar s)&&eston 8ll set free t+e
secondary nstnct 8+c+ t+e fn&ers +a2e acE)red1 8t+o)t t+e nterference
of t+e learner5s $)NNled1 +estatn& t+o)&+ts.
I 'a" re'ar3 +ere (follo8n& G)rne" and Bra'8ell) +o8 'sleadn& a
ter' s mono,ideism for al'ost an" +"$notc state. T+ere s a seection of
deas to 8+c+ t+e +"$notc s)bDect 8ll attend1 and t+ere s a concentration
)$on t+e dea t+)s selectedG b)t t+ose deas t+e'sel2es 'a" be bot+
co'$le# and constantl" s+ftn&1 and ndeed t+s s D)st one of t+e 8a"s n
8+c+ t+e +"$notc trance dffers fro' t+e so'na'b)lcn 8+c+ t 'a"
+a$$en t+at onl" a relat2el" s'all &ro)$ of branCcentres are a8a3e eno)&+
to act. T+e so'na'b)lc ser2antC&rl1 for nstance1 'a" $ersst n la"n& t+e
teaCtable1 8+ate2er "o) sa" to +er1 and t+s 'a" farl" be called 'onoC
des'G b)t t+e +"$notc s)bDect (as Bra'8ell +as D)stl" +i,GMO- nssted1
see ,33 A) can be 'ade to obe" s')ltaneo)sl" a &reater n)'ber of
se$arate co''ands t+an +e co)ld $ossbl" attend to n 8a3n& lfe.
,3+ . 4ro' t+ese n+btons of 'e'or"1of attenton as drected to t+e
e#$erences of t+e1 $ast18e $ass on to attenton as drected to t+e
e#$erences of t+e $resent. %nd +ere 8e are reac+n& a central $ontG 8e are
affectn& t+e macua utea (as t +as been 8ell called) of t+e 'ental feld.
/an" of t+e 'ost '$ortant of +"$notc res)lts 8ll be best descrbed as
'odfcatons of attention.
%n" 'odfcaton of attenton s of co)rse l3el" to be at once a c+ec3
and a st')l)sGa c+ec3 to certan t+o)&+ts and e'otons1 a st')l)s to
ot+ers. %nd n 'an" cases t 8ll be t+e dynamogenic as$ect of t+e c+an&e
t+e ne8 2&o)r s)$$led n needed drectons8+c+ 8ll be for )s of
&reatest nterest. Yet fro' t+e inhibitive sde also 8e +a2e alread" +ad
'$ortant ac+e2e'ents to record. %ll t+ese arrests and destr)ctons of id;es
$i0es, of 8+c+ so ')c+ +as been sad1 8ere $o8erf)l 'odfcatons of
attenton1 alt+o)&+ t+e l'ted feld 8+c+ t+e" co2ered 'ade t s'$ler to
ntrod)ce t+e' )nder a se$arate +eadn&.
%nd e2en no8 t 'a" not be 8t+o)t s)r$rse t+at t+e reader fnds
descrbed )nder t+e +eadn& of inhibition o$ attention a $+eno'enon so
consderable and so a$$arentl" nde$endent as hypnotic suppression o$
pain. T+s nd)ced anagesia +as fro' t+e frst been one of t+e 'an
tr)'$+s of 'es'ers' or +"$nots'. %ll +a2e +eard t+at 'es'ers' 8ll
sto$ +eadac+esGt+at "o) can +a2e a toot+ o)t )nder 'es'ers'9 8t+o)t
feeln& t. T+e r2alr" bet8een 'es'ers' and et+er1 as anFst+etc a&ents n
ca$tal o$eratons1 8as a cons$c)o)s fact n t+e 'edcal +stor" of earl"
Vctoran t'es. B)t t+e ordnar" tal31 at an" rate of t+at da"1 see'ed to
ass)'e t+at f 'es'ers' $rod)ced an effect at all t 8as an effect
resembing t+at $rod)ced b" narcotcsa 'odfcaton of t+e nt'ate
str)ct)re of t+e ner2e or of t+e bran 8+c+ rendered t+e' for t+e t'e
nca$able of trans'ttn& or of feeln& $anf)l sensatons. T+e state of a
'an5s ner2o)s s"ste'1 n fact1 8+en +e s $osoned b" c+lorofor'1 or
st)nned b" a blo81 or al'ost froNen to deat+1 or nearl" dro8ned1 &c.1 s
s)c+ t+at a &reat $art of t s no lon&er ft for ts )s)al 8or31s no lon&er
ca$able of t+ose $rolon&atons of ne)rons1 or 8+ate2er t+e" be1 8+c+
constt)te ts s$ecfc ner2o)s act2t". 6e t+)s &et rd of $an b" &ettn& rd
for t+e t'e of a &reat deal of ot+er ner2o)s acton as 8ellG and 8e +a2e to
ta3e care lest b" $)s+n& t+e e#$er'ent too far 8e &et rd of lfe nto t+e
bar&an. B)t on t+e ot+er +and1 a 'an5s ner2o)s s"ste'1 8+en +"$notc
s)&&eston +as rendered +' nca$able of $an1 s E)te as act2e and
2&oro)s as e2er1E)te as ca$able of trans'ttn& and feeln& $an1
alt+o)&+ ca$able also of n+btn& t alto&et+er. In a 8ord1 t+e +"$notc
s)bDect s above $an nstead of beo# t.
To )nderstand t+s a$$arent $arado#1 8e ')st reflect for a 'o'ent on
t+e $robable or&n and 'eann& of $an. T+e +)'an or&ans'1 as +i,GNP-
t+e ,ar8nan anal"ss +as s+o8n )s1 'a" be ro)&+l" sad to consst of a
co'$le# of n&eno)s b)t '$erfect 'ec+ans's des&ned to enable o)r race
to o2err)n t+e eart+. %s co'$etton +as beco'e 'ore se2ere1 fres+ artfces
+a2e been de2elo$ed to enable o)r ancestors to sec)re food and to a2od
dan&er. &ain s a 8arnn& of dan&er1 )seless to t+e $rotoNoon or to t+e
statonar" 2e&etable1 b)t nds$ensable to act2e creat)res 8t+
'scellaneo)s rs3s. Yet as ntell&ence ad2ances and ner2es at t+e sa'e
t'e &ro8 'ore senst2e1 $an beco'es b)t a '#ed ad2anta&e. It s 8ell to
be 8arned (sa") not to to)c+ t+e freG b)t a ne)ral&a5s constant s&nal of
'alCn)trton tends s'$l" to e#+a)st t+e s)fferer and to +nder ts o8n
c)re. 6+at 8e 8ant to do no8 s to choose o)r ca$actes of $anG to s+)t
off $an 8+en 8e 3no8 t 8ll be )selessG to rse as defntel" above t as o)r
earlest ancestors 8ere beo# t1 or as t+e dr)n3en or narcotsed 'an s
belo8 t no8. !a"1 f one co)nts 8earness and 8a3ef)lness alon& 8t+
$an1 one 'a" sa" t+at t+e s)$$resson of $an and t+e s)$$resson of
'crobes +a2e beco'e t+e t8o 'an $+"scal needs of t+e +)'an race.
6t+ no#o)s 'crobes +"$notc s)&&eston can onl" ndrectl" dealG b)t
8t+ $an and 8earness t can deal 'ore drectl" and s)ccessf)ll" t+an an"
ot+er a&enc" 8+ate2er. It attac3s t+e real origo mai/not1 ndeed1 t+e
$ress)re on t+e toot+Cner2e1 8+c+ can onl" be re'o2ed b" e#tracton1 b)t
t+e re$resentat2e $o8er of t+e central sensor)' 8+c+ con2erts t+at
$ress)re for )s nto $an. It diverts attention fro' t+e $an1 as t+e e#cte'ent
of battle '&+t doG b)t d2erts t 8t+o)t an" co'$etn& e#cte'ent
8+ate2er. T+e battleCe#cte'ent (so to sa") $o)rs so ')c+ 8ater o)t
t+ro)&+ $$e % t+at t+ere s none left to flo8 t+ro)&+ $$e BG t+e +"$notc
s)&&eston s'$l" s+)ts a coc3 on $$e B1 and lea2es $$e % to flo8 or not1
as 'a" be con2enent. 4or so'e fort)natel" s)sce$tble $ersons1 s)c+ as I
+a2e seen1 t+s $o8er of s)$$ressn& $an and 8earness s'$l" abols+es
t+e 'an tro)bles of lfe at a blo8. T+e dra8bac3 s t+at for 'an" $ersons
t+e $rocess s a tedo)s one1 or cannot 8t+ o)r $resent 3no8led&e be
$erfor'ed at all. -"$notc s)&&eston s not "et a $anaceaG b)t t s ')c+
nearer to ben& a $anacea t+an an"t+n& else +as e2er beenG and t 8or3s on
t+e onl" $lan fro' 8+c+ a $anacea can $ossbl" be de2elo$ed.
To t+s to$c of in$uence on attention 8e s+all +a2e to rec)r a&an and
a&an. 4or t+e $resent t 'a" s)ffce f I refer t+e reader to a fe8 cases
c+osen fro' a'on& so'e t+o)sands 8+c+ +a2e been $rnted1 fro' t+e
Soist do8n8ards1 n 'ore or less detal1 8+ere 'es'erc and +"$notc
$ractce +as re'o2ed or ob2ated t+e dstress or an&)s+ tll no8
)n'sta3abl" assocated 8t+ 2aro)s bodl" ncdentsfro' t+e e#tracton
of a toot+ to t+e &reat $an and $erl of c+ldbrt+ (see %$$endces).
,3, . T+s s)$$resson of $an +as nat)rall" been treated fro' t+e
t+era$e)tc $ont of 2e81 as an end n tselfG and net+er $+"scan nor
$atent +as been nclned to nE)re e#actl" #hat +as occ)rredG8+at
$+"solo&cal or $s"c+olo&cal condton +as )nderlan t+s &reat s)bDect2e
+i,GNG- relef. Yet n t+e e"e of e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&" t+e 'atter s far
fro' a s'$le one. 6e are bo)nd to as3 #hat +as been altered. -as t+ere
been a total abation, or so'e 'ere transation of $anW 6+at obDect2e
c+an&e on t+e bodl" sde +as occ)rred n ner2e or tss)eW and1 on t+e
'ental sde1 +o8 far does t+e c+an&e n consco)sness e#tendW -o8 dee$
does t &oW ,oes an" s)bl'nal 3no8led&e of t+e $an $ersstW
T+e 2er" '$erfect ans8ers 8+c+ can at $resent be &2en to t+ese
E)estons 'a"1 at an" rate1 s)&&est drectons for f)rt+er nE)r".
(*) In t+e frst $lace1 t see's clear t+at 8+en $an s n+bted n an" b)t
t+e 'ost s'$le cases1 a certan &ro)$ of c+an&es s $rod)ced 8+ose ne0us
s $s"c+olo&cal rat+er t+an $+"solo&cal. T+at s to sa"1 one s)&&eston
see's to rele2e at once all t+e s"'$to's 8+c+ for' one dea of $an or
dstress n t+e $atent5s 'ndG 8+le anot+er s)&&eston s often needed to
re'o2e so'e re'ann& s"'$to'1 8+c+ t+e $atent re&ards as a dfferent
tro)ble alto&et+er. T+e s)&&eston t+)s dffers bot+ fro' a s$ecfc re'ed"1
8+c+ '&+t rele2e a s$ecfc s"'$to'1 and fro' a &eneral narcotsaton1
8+c+ 8o)ld rele2e all s"'$to's eE)all". In 'a3n& s)&&estons1
'oreo2er1 t+e +"$notser fnds t+at +e +as to consder and 'eet t+e $atent5s
o8n s)bDect2e feeln&s1 descrbn& t+e ntended relef as t+e $atent 8s+es
t to be descrbed1 and not atte'$tn& tec+ncal lan&)a&e 8+c+ t+e $atent
co)ld not follo8. In a 8ord1 t s $lan t+at n t+s class1 as n ot+er classes of
s)&&eston1 8e are addressn& o)rsel2es to a mind, an inteigence, 8+c+
can of tself select and co'bne1 and not 'erel" to a tss)e or a &land
res$ons2e n a 'erel" a)to'atc 8a".
(.) It 8ll not t+en s)r$rse )s f1$an ben& t+)s treated as a
$s"c+olo&cal entt"1t+ere s+all $ro2e to be a certan $s"c+olo&cal
co'$le#t" n t+e res$onse to anal&esc s)&&eston. B" t+s I 'ean t+at t+ere
are occasonal ndcatons t+at so'e 'e'or" of t+e $an1 sa"1 of an
o$eraton1 +as $erssted n so'e strat)' of t+e $ersonalt"Gt+)s
a$$arentl" ndcatn& t+at t+ere 8as so'e8+ere an act)al consco)sness of
t+e $an 8+en t+e o$eraton 8as $erfor'ed. T+)s n t+e 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, %)&)st *AA=1 ,r. /esnet records a case 8+ere after an
acco)c+e'ent1 rendered a$$arentl" $anless b" +"$notc trance1 t+e $atent
re'e'bered n a s)bseE)ent +"$notc trance t+e latter $art of t+e del2er"G a
$erod1 t+at s to sa"1 8+en t+e len&t+ of t+e tral +ad so'e8+at 8ea3ened
t+e +"$notc control. 6t+ t+s 8e 'a" co'$are certan acco)nts of t+e
re22al of $an n drea's after o$eratons $erfor'ed )nder c+lorofor' (see
,3, A).
(;) ()c+ e#$erences1 f 'ore freE)ent1 '&+t te'$t )s to s)$$ose t+at
t+e $an s not 8+oll" abro&ated1 b)t 'erel" translated to so'e strat)' of
consco)sness 8+ose e#$erences do not enter nto o)r +abt)al c+an of
'e'ores. Yet 8e $ossess (stran&el" eno)&+) 8+at see's drect e2dence
t+at t+e $rofo)ndest or&anc s)bstrat)' of o)r ben& s b" s)&&eston +i,
GNH- 8+oll" freed fro' $an. It +ad lon& been obser2ed t+at reco2eres fro'
o$eratons $erfor'ed n +"$notc trance 8ere )n)s)all" ben&nGt+ere
ben& less tendenc" to nfla''aton t+an 8+en t+e $atent +ad felt t+e 3nfe.
T+e sa'e obser2aton$er+a$s n a less 'ar3ed de&ree+as snce been
'ade as to o$eratons )nder c+e'cal anFst+esa. T+e s+oc3 to t+e s"ste'1
and t+e rrtaton to t+e s$ecal $arts affected1 are &reatl" d'ns+ed b"
c+lorofor'. %nd 'ore recentl" Professor ,elbQ)f1 b" an e#$er'ent of
&reat delcac" on t8o s"''etrcal 8o)nds1 of 8+c+ one 8as rendered
$anless b" s)&&eston1 +as dstnctl" de'onstrated t+at $an tends to nd)ce
and 3ee$ )$ nfla''aton (see ,3+ A).
T+)s t see's t+at $an s abro&ated at once on t+e +&+est and on t+e
lo8est le2el of consco)snessG "et $ossbl" n so'e cases (t+o)&+ not
)s)all"1 see ,3, B) $erssts obsc)rel" n so'e strat)' of o)r $ersonalt"
nto 8+c+ 8e &an onl" occasonal and ndrect &l'$ses. %nd f ndeed t+s
be so1 t need n no 8a" s)r$rse )s. 6e need to re'e'ber at e2er" $ont
t+at 8e +a2e no reason 8+ate2er to s)$$ose t+at 8e are co&nsant of all t+e
trans of consco)sness1 or c+ans of 'e'or"1 8+c+ are 8ea2n&
t+e'sel2es 8t+n )s. I s+all ne2er attan on eart+$er+a$s I ne2er s+all n
an" 8orld attanto an" co'$lete cons$ect)s of t+e 2aro)sl" nter8o2en
strea's of 2talt" 8+c+ are1 n fact1 obsc)rel" $resent n '" conce$ton of
'"self.
,3' . It s to +"$nots' n t+e frst $lace t+at 8e 'a" loo3 for an
ncreased $o8er of anal"ss of t+ese nterc)rrent strea's1 t+ese rre&)larl"
s)$er$osed strata of o)r $s"c+cal ben&. In t+e 'eant'e1 t+s $o8er of
inhibiting al'ost an" fracton of o)r +abt)al consco)sness at $leas)re
&2es for t+e frst t'e to t+e ordnar" 'anf onl" +e be a s)&&estble
s)bDecta $o8er of concentraton1 of choice n t+e e#ercse of fac)lt"1 s)c+
as )$ tll no8 onl" t+e 'ost $o8erf)l s$rtsa !e8ton or an %rc+'edes
+a2e been able to e#ert.
T+e 'an 8+o sts do8n n +s st)d" to 8rte or read1n $erfect safet"
and ntent on +s 8or31contn)es ne2ert+eless to be n2ol)ntarl" and
ne2tabl" ar'ed 8t+ all t+at alertness to e#ternal s&+ts and so)nds1 and all
t+at sensblt" to $an1 8+c+ $rotected +s lo8l" ancestors at dfferent
sta&es of e2en $reC+)'an de2elo$'ent. It s ')c+ as t+o)&+ +e 8ere forced
to carr" abo)t 8t+ +' all t+e e#ternal defences 8+c+ +s forefat+ers +a2e
n2ented for t+er defenceGto st at +s 8rtn&Ctable clad n c+anC'al and
a res$rator1 and &ras$n& an )'brella and a boo'eran&. Let +' learn1 f +e
can1 n8ardl" as 8ell as o)t8ardl"1 to &et rd of all t+at1 to 3ee$ at +s
co''and onl" t+e +alf of +s fac)ltes 8+c+ for +s $)r$ose s 8ort+ 'ore
t+an t+e 8+ole. ,ssocaton and c+oceGdssocaton bet8een ele'ents
8+c+ +a2e al8a"s +t+erto see'ed ne#trcabl" 3ntGc+oce bet8een
fac)ltes 8+c+ tll no8 8e +a2e +ad to )se all to&et+er or not at allGs)c+
s t+e $ro'se1 s)c+ s t+e nc$ent $erfor'ance of +"$notc $lastct" n ts
as$ect of inhibitive suggestion.
,3* . I co'e no8 to t+e d2son of +"$notc ac+e2e'ent 8t+ 8+c+ +i,
GNI- I ne#t $ro$osed to deal1 na'el"1 t+e dynamogenic res)lts of +"$notc
s)&&eston. Intensfed 2talt"1 +e&+tened fac)lt"1 concentrated attenton1
stren&t+ened 8llG s)c+ are t+e fttest descr$t2e $+rases 8+c+ 8e can fnd
for t+ese $+eno'ena$+rases 8+c+ all of t+e' '$l" so'e obsc)re
o$eraton n a real' be"ond o)r 2e8. !a"1 'ore1 t+e realsaton of t+ese
$+rases $resentl" s+o8s )s t+at e2en t+e effects 8+c+ 8e +a2e for
con2enence5 sa3e classed as n+bt2e are n realt" d"na'o&enc.
In+bton s not disabiity, and t+e act2e1 $)r$os2e restrant 8+c+ t+e
8ord connotes '$les frst t+at effect2e co''and of attentont+at s8a"
o2er t+e +dden s$rn&s of t+o)&+t and e'oton8+c+ 8e s+all no8 be
tracn& on a lar&er scale1 and 8t+ dfferent $)r$oses1 n ts d"na'o&enc
as$ect.
Yet t+e $ractcal con2enence of o)r arran&e'ent s +ereb" onl" t+e
'ore $lanl" seen. 6+at +as t+)s far been 8rtten s 8ell ftted to clear t+e
8a" for 8+at s to follo8. 6+le 8e dealt 8t+ inhibitions o)r s)bDect 8as
clearl" defnedG 8e 3ne8 8+at $+eno'ena of lfe 8e desred to c+ec3G 8e
co)ld 'eas)re t+e s)ccess attaned n eac+ se2eral drecton. B)t no8 t+at
8e la)nc+ o)t )$on t+e d"na'o&enc $o8er of +"$notc s)&&eston1 n
8+atsoe2er drecton t 'a" le1 8e are e'bar3n& on an nE)r" to 8+c+ no
ter' can be foreseen. 6e 3no81 of co)rse1 t+at t+e $+"scal ener&"
'anfested n t+e or&ans' can ne2er o2er$ass ts $+"scal so)rces of
s)$$l" n 8ar't+ and n)tr'ent. B)t t+s s a test so ro)&+ as to be
$ractcall" )seless +ere. 6t+n t+ese broad l'ts t+e 'etabols' n t+e
or&ans't+e 3nd of ener&" nto 8+c+ food and 8ar't+ are transfor'ed
'a" 2ar" ndefntel" n c+aracter and n ntenst". %nd as for a $s"c+cal
ener&" nfor'n& eac+ one of )s1f s)c+ e#st a$art fro' t+e $+"scal1
8e +a2e no reason 8+ate2er for s)$$osn& t+at 8e are +ere 'o2n& n a
closed crc)t1 or 'an$)latn& a constant s)'.
In defa)lt of an" 'ore co'$re+ens2e $)r2e8 of t+e $+eno'ena before
)s1 t 8ll be con2enent to ret)rn a&an to t+e 'ere $ractcal or ed)catonal
stand$ontGto consder 8+at t s 8+c+ 8e are 8ont s)bDect2el" to re&ard
as a +e&+tenn& or concentraton of $o8er. 6e can ro)&+l" defne t+e
drectons n 8+c+1 as 8e sa"1 8e stren&t+en t+e fac)ltes of t+e "o)n&.
Perce$ton1 'a&naton1 attenton1 c+aracter1t+ese 8e endea2o)r to tran.
6e tr" to teac+ o)r c+ldren (*) to &et fro' t+er e#ternal sensor" or&ans all
t+e +ealt+f)l $leas)re and 3no8led&e t+at t+e" canG (.) and to de2elo$ t+er
central sensor" or&ans1 or nner 8orld of 'a&naton1 nto sane and +el$f)l
fertlt"G (;) and to drect t+er ntellect)al ener&" 8+t+ersoe2er t+e" 'a"
desre1 3ee$n& +old b" 'e'or" on $re2o)s acts of attentonG (<) and1
fnall"1 to con2ert 3no8led&e and 'a&naton nto 8sdo' and 2rt)e b"
t+e e#ercse of enl&+tened 8ll. T+s road s lon& and +ardG b)t 8e s+all
fnd t+at at e2er" $ont t+ere s alread" so'e be&nnn& of ad fro' +"$notc
s)&&estonG so'e +nt of a s+ort c)t 8+c+ 'a" so'e da" ta3e )s far on o)r
8a".
+i,GNJ-
,3) . I 8ll be&n1 t+en1 8t+ 8+at see's t+e 'ost e#ternal and
'eas)rable of t+ese dfferent nfl)encest+e nfl)ence1 na'el"1 of
s)&&eston )$on 'an5s perceptive fac)ltesGts $o8er to ed)cate +s
e#ternal or&ans of sense.
T+s 8de s)bDect s al'ost )nto)c+ed as "etG and t+ere s no drecton n
8+c+ one co)ld be 'ore confdent of nterestn& res)lts fro' f)rt+er
e#$er'ent.
T+e e#$oston falls nat)rall" nto t+ree $arts1 as s)&&eston effects one
or ot+er of t+e t+ree follo8n& obDectsJ
*. Restoraton of ordnar" senses fro' so'e defcent condton.
.. V2fcaton of ordnar" sensesG+"$erFst+esF.
;. ,e2elo$'ent of ne8 sensesG+eterFst+esF.
(*) T+e frst of t+ese t+ree +eadn&s see's at frst s&+t to belon& to
t+era$e)tcs rat+er t+an to $s"c+olo&". It s1 +o8e2er1 nds$ensable as a
$rel'nar" to t+e ot+er t8o +eadsG snce b" learnn& +o8 and to 8+at
e#tent s)&&eston can re$ar de$ective senses 8e +a2e t+e best c+ance of
&)essn& at ts modus operandi 8+en t see's to e#cte t+e heathy senses to
a $ont be"ond t+er nor'al $o8ers. I &2e n %$$endces se2eral cases
bearn& on t+s s)bDect.
T8o $onts 'a" be 'entoned +ere. I'$ro2e'ent of vision see's
so'et'es to res)lt fro' rela#aton of an n2ol)ntar" clar" s$as'1 8+c+
+abt)all" o2erCcorrects so'e defect of t+e lens (see ,3) B). T+s s
nterestn&1 fro' t+e analo&" t+)s s+o8n n E)te +ealt+" $ersons to t+e
f#ed deas1 t+e s)bl'nal errors and fances c+aracterstc of +"stera. T+e
strat)' of self 8+ose b)sness t s to correct t+e 'ec+ancal defect of t+e
e"e +as n t+ese nstances done so a'ss1 and cannot set tself r&+t. T+e
corrected for' of 2son s as defect2e as t+e for' of 2son 8+c+ t
re$laced. B)t f t+e state of trance be nd)ced1 or f t occ)r s$ontaneo)sl"1 t
so'et'es +a$$ens t+at t+e error s s)ddenl" r&+tedG t+e $atent la"s asde
s$ectaclesG and snce 8e ')st ass)'e t+at t+e or&nal defect of 'ec+ans'
re'ans1 t see's t+at t+at defect s no8 $erfectl" nstead of '$erfectl" 'et
(see +1'). T+s s+o8s a s)bl'nal adD)stn& $o8er o$eratn& d)rn& trance
'ore ntell&entl" t+an t+e s)$ral'nal ntell&ence +ad been able to
o$erate d)rn& 8a3n& lfe.
%not+er $ont of nterest les n t+e effect of ncreased attenton1 as
st')lated b" s)&&eston1 )$on t+e $o8er of +earn&. T+e t8o cases of Lo)U
and anot+er1 E)oted n ,3) A, are a'on& t+e 'ost s&nfcant t+at I 3no8. If
Lo)U5s s)sce$tblt" to selfCs)&&eston co)ld be reac+ed b" $atents
&enerall"1 t+ere '&+t be1 8t+ no 'racle at all1 a re'o2al of $er+a$s +alf
t+e anno"ance 8+c+ deafness nflcts on 'an3nd.
,39 . I $ass on to cases of t+e $rod)cton b" s)&&eston or selfC
s)&&eston of +"$erFst+esa1of a de&ree of sensor" delcac" 8+c+
o2er$asses t+e ordnar" le2el1 and t+e $re2o)s le2el of t+e s)bDect +'self.
T+e r)d'entar" state of o)r st)d" of +"$nots' s so'e8+at stran&el"
ll)strated b" t+e fact t+at 'ost of t+e e#$er'ents 8+c+ s+o8
+"$erFst+esa +i,GNK- 'ost delcatel" +a2e been )nderta3en 8t+ a 2e8 of
$ro2n& so'et+n& elsena'el"1 'es'erc rapport, or t+e 'es'ersaton
of obDects1 or tele$at+". In t+ese cases t+e $roof of rapport, tele$at+"1 &c.1
&enerall" D)st falls s+ort1beca)se one cannot sa" t+at t+e acton of t+e
ordnar" senses '&+t not +a2e reac+ed t+e $ont necessar" for t+e
ac+e2e'ent1 t+o)&+ t+ere s often &ood reason to bele2e t+at t+e s)bDect
8as s)$ral'nall" &norant of t+e 8a" n 8+c+ +e 8as1 n fact1 attann&
t+e 3no8led&e n E)eston.
In t+ese e#tre'e cases1 ndeed1 t+e e#$lanaton b" +"$erFst+esa s not
al8a"s $ro2ed. T+ere may +a2e been tele$at+"1 alt+o)&+ one +as not t+e
r&+t to ass)'e tele$at+"1 n 2e8 of certan sl&+ter1 b)t stll re'ar3able1
+"$erFst+etc ac+e2e'ents1 8+c+ are co''on s)bDects of de'onstraton.
T+e read" reco&nton of points de rep=re, on t+e bac3 of a card or t+e l3e1
8+c+ are +ardl" $erce$tble to ordnar" e"es1 s one of t+e 'ost )s)al of
t+ese $erfor'ances.
In t+s connecton t+e E)eston arses as to t+e e#stence of $+"solo&cal
l'ts to t+e e#ercse of t+e ordnar" senses. In t+e case of t+e e"e a
minimum visibie s &enerall" ass)'edG and t+ere s s$ecal nterest n a case
of clar2o"ance 2ers)s corneaCreadn&1 8+ere1 f t+e 8ords 8ere read (as
a$$ears 'ost $robable) fro' t+er reflecton )$on t+e cornea of t+e
+"$notser1 t+e co''on 2e8 as to t+e minimum visibie s &reatl" stretc+ed
(see ,39 A).
,+0 . 6t+ re&ard to t+e ot+er senses1 8+ose 'ec+ans' s less ca$able
of 'n)te dssecton1 one 'eets $roble's of a rat+er dfferent 3nd. 6+at
are t+e defntons of s'ell and to)c+W To)c+ s alread" s$lt )$ nto 2aro)s
factorstactle1 al&esc1 t+er'alG and t+er'al to)c+ s tself a d)$lcate
sense1 de$endn& a$$arentl" on one set of ner2eCter'natons ada$ted to
$erce2e +eat1 and anot+er set ada$ted to $erce2e cold. Taste s s'larl"
s$lt )$G and 8e do not call an"t+n& taste 8+c+ s not defntel" referred to
t+e 'o)t+ and adDacent re&ons. ('ell s 2a&)erG and t+ere are co&nate
sensatons (l3e t+at of t+e $resence of a cat) 8+c+ are not referred b" t+er
s)bDect to t+e nose. T+e st)d" of +"$erFst+esa does n t+s sense $re$are
t+e 8a" for 8+at I +a2e ter'ed +eterFst+esa1 n t+at t lea2es )s 'ore
ca)to)s n defnton as to 8+at t+e senses areG t acc)sto's )s to t+e noton
t+at $eo$le beco'e a8are of t+n&s n 'an" 8a"s 8+c+ t+e" cannot
defntel" realse.
Let )s no8 consder t+e e2dence for +eterFst+esaGfor t+e e#stence1
t+at s to sa"1 )nder +"$notc s)&&eston1 of an" for' of sensblt"
decdedl" dfferent fro' t+ose 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are fa'lar. It 8o)ld so)nd
'ore acc)rate f one co)ld sa" de'andn& so'e endCor&an dfferent fro'
t+ose 8+c+ 8e 3no8 t+at 8e $ossess.9 B)t 8e 3no8 too lttle of t+e ran&e
of $erce$t2t" of t+ese endCor&ans n t+e s3n 8+c+ 8e are &rad)all"
learnn& to dstn&)s+of t+e +eatCfeeln& s$ots1 coldCfeeln& s$ots1 and t+e
l3eto be able to sa" for 8+at $)r$oses a ne8 or&an 8o)ld be needed. 4or
certan +eterFst+etc sensatons1 ndeed1 as t+e +i,GNL- $erce$ton of a
'a&netc feld1 one can +ardl" ass)'e t+at an" endCor&an 8o)ld be
necessar". It s better1 t+erefore1 to s$ea3 onl" of 'odes of sensblt".
!o8 to an" one 8+o reflects on t+e e2ol)tonar" $rocess b" 8+c+1 as s
co''onl" ass)'ed1 'an5s or&ans' +as been de2elo$ed fro' t+e s'$lest
&er'a $rocess 8+c+ s )ndo)btedl" stll at 8or31 and 8+c+ ')st1 so far
as 8e can tell1 contn)e at 8or3 for a&es $er+a$s 2er" far e#ceedn& t+e a&es
alread" $astto an" one1 I sa"1 8+o ta3es a broad 2e8 of +)'an
de2elo$'ent1 t ')st see' a 2er" '$robable t+n& t+at t+at de2elo$'ent
s+o)ld at t+s $artc)lar 'o'ent +a2e reac+ed ts fnal ter'G or rat+er1 to $)t
t+e E)eston at ss)e n a narro8er for'1 t+at t+s ''ensel" co'$le#
ner2o)s s"ste'1 8+c+ +as &rad)all" beco'e res$ons2e n so 'an" 8a"s to
e#ternal nat)re1 s+o)ld ne2er a&an beco'e res$ons2e1 or be reco&nsed as
res$ons2e1 n an" fres+ 8a". I can 'a&ne no t+eor"1 e#ce$t t+e t+eor" t+at
all s$eces 8ere created '')tabl" as t+e" stand toda"1 8+c+ co)ld e2en
see' to D)stf" t+e tact ass)'$ton1 stll freE)entl" 'et 8t+1 t+at ne8
for's of +)'an senst2t" are antecedentl" '$robable. T+e" 'a" be1 and
t+e" often +a2e been1 cla'ed on ns)ffcent e2denceG b)t t+at t+e" ')st
occ)r so'e t'e and so'e+o8 I1 for one1 can +ardl" do)bt.
Let )s consder a 'o'ent n 8+at &eneral fas+on 8e can conce2e t+e
dfferentaton of senses to +a2e ta3en $lace.
In so'e sense or ot+er 8e ')st needs attrb)te 8+at I +a2e called
pansthesia to t+e $r'al &er'. 6e ')st s)$$ose t+at ts $otental
sensatons 8ere s)c+ t+at all act)al sensatons of an'als and 'en co)ld be
&ot o)t of t+e'. T+e $roto$las' 'a" tself +a2e been ca$able (and n lo8
for's 'a" stll be ca$able) of 2a&)e sensatons of 'an" dfferent 3nds. Or
t 'a" +a2e been ca$able onl" of so'e one 2a&)e sensaton1 t+o)&+ able
also to de2elo$ ne8 for's of $roto$las' 8t+ 2ared senst2tes.
*
In et+er of t+ese caseslet )s ta3e t+e for'er as so'e8+at t+e s'$ler
to deal 8t+t+e E)eston a'on& sensatons 8as one of t+e de2elo$'ent of
t+e fttestG t+at s to sa"1 t+at1 as t+e or&ans' beca'e 'ore co'$le# and
needed sensatons 'ore defnte t+an s)ffced for t+e $rotoNoon1 certan
sensbltes &ot t+e'sel2es defned and stereot"$ed )$on t+e or&ans' b"
t+e e2ol)ton of endCor&ans. Ot+ers faled to &et t+)s e#ternalsedG b)t 'a"1
for a)&+t 8e 3no81 $ersst ne2ert+eless n t+e central or&ansGsa"1 for
nstance1 n 8+at for 'an are t+e o$tc or olfactor" tracts of t+e bran. T+ere
8ll t+en be no a$$arent reason 8+" t+ese latent $o8ers s+o)ld not fro'
t'e to t'e rece2e s)ffcent st')l)s1 et+er fro' 8t+n or fro' 8t+o)t1
to 'a3e t+e' $erce$tble to t+e 8a3n& ntell&ence1 or $erce$tble at least
n states (l3e trance) of narro8 concentraton.
T+e &reat 2aret" of senses 8+c+ 8e bele2e t+e lo8er an'als to +i,
GNM- $ossess 'a" 8ell s)&&est to )s t+at 8e also '&+t +a2e been
de2elo$ed t+)s or t+)sGt+at 8e need not be s)r$rsed f t+e +)'an
or&ans' s+o)ld so'e da" s+o8 a trace of an" for' of sensblt" 8+c+ t+e
ant or t+e bee 'a" +a2e n+erted alon& 8t+ )s fro' t+e ancestral &er'1
alt+o)&+ onl" t+e" and not 8e 'a" +a2e t+)s far needed to de2elo$ t.
,+1 . %s t+e res)lt of t+ese consderatons1 I a$$roac+ alle&ed
+eterFst+esF of 2aro)s 3nds 8t+ no $res)'$ton 8+ate2er a&anst t+er
real occ)rrence. Yet on t+e ot+er +and1 '" belef n t+e e#tent of $ossble
hypersthesia contn)all" s)&&ests to 'e t+at t+e a$$arentl" ne8
$erce$tons 'a" onl" consst of a '#t)re of fa'lar for's of $erce$ton1
$)s+ed to a ne8 e#tre'e1 and centrall" nter$reted 8t+ a ne8 ac)'en.
T+e condtons of e#$er'ent are b" no 'eans eas". I set asde1 n t+e
frst $lace1 a lar&e n)'ber of e#$er'ents 8+ere t+ere +as been reason to
t+n3 t+at t+e s)bDect +as follo8ed1 et+er fra)d)lentl"1 or 'erel" as t+e
res)lt of s)&&eston1 t+e $reconce2ed deas of t+e e#$er'enters. B)t 'ore
t+an t+sG selfCs)&&eston on t+e s)bDect5s o8n $art 'a" be E)te eno)&+ to
'a3e +' translate so'e $erce$ton reall" &aned n an old 8a" nto ter's
of so'e 'a&ned ne8 sensblt". 6t+o)t $res)'n& to crtcse $ast
e2dence 8+olesale1 I "et +o$e t+at t+e e#$erence no8 attaned 'a" lead to
a ')c+ &reater n)'ber of 8ellC&)arded e#$er'ents n t+e near f)t)re. In a
seres of %$$endces I 2er" brefl" $resent t+e act)al state of t+s nE)r". In
defa)lt of an" lo&cal $rnc$le1 I s+all t+ere d2de t+ese alle&ed for's of
sensblt" accordn& as t+e" are e#cted b" nor&anc obDects on t+e one
+and1 or b" or&ans's (dead or l2n&) on t+e ot+er.
,+( . In t+e 'eant'e I $ass on to t+at &ro)$ of t+e d"na'o&enc effects
of s)&&eston 8+c+ ta3es t+e ne#t $lace n '" sc+e'e abo2e ndcated. I
$roceed fro' c+an&es affectn& t+e e#ternal senses to c+an&es affectn& t+e
'ore central 2tal o$eratonset+er t+e 2asoC'otor s"ste'1 or t+e ne)roC
')sc)lar s"ste'1 or t+e central sensor" tracts. T+e effects of s)&&eston on
c+aracternd)ced c+an&es to 8+c+ 8e can +ardl" &)ess t+e ner2o)s
conco'tant8ll re'an to be dealt 8t+ n "et anot+er secton.
4rst1 t+en1 as to t+e effects of s)&&eston on t+e 2asoC'otor s"ste'.
('$le effects of t+s t"$e for' t+e co''onest of $latfor' e#$er'ents.9
T+e 'es'erst +olds a''ona )nder +s s)bDect5s nose1 and tells +' t s
roseC8ater. T+e s)bDect s'ells t ea&erl"1 and +s e"es do not 8ater. T+e
s)&&eston1 t+at s to sa"1 t+at t+e stn&n& 2a$o)r s nert +as n+bted t+e
2asoC'otor refle#es 8+c+ 8o)ld ordnarl" follo81 and 8+c+ no ordnar"
effort of 8ll co)ld restran. Cice versF, 8+en t+e s)bDect s'ells roseC8ater1
descrbed as a''ona1 +e sneeNes and +s e"es 8ater. T+ese res)lts1 8+c+
+s o8n 8ll co)ld not $rod)ce1 follo8 on t+e 'es'erst5s 8ord. !o one
8+o sees t+ese s'$le tests a$$led can do)bt t+e &en)neness of t+e
nfl)ence at 8or3. 6e fnd t+en1 as '&+t be e#$ected1 t+at acton on &lands
and secretons constt)tes a +i,GNN- lar&e ele'ent n +"$notc t+era$e)tcs.
T+e lterat)re of s)&&eston s f)ll of nstances 8+ere a s)$$ressed secreton
+as been restored at a $re2o)sl" arran&ed 'o'ent1 al'ost 8t+
astrono'cal $)nct)alt".9 %nd "et n 8+at 'e'or" s t+at co''and
retanedW b" 8+at s&nal s t anno)ncedW or b" 8+at a&enc" obe"edW
In s$te of t+s )nderl"n& obsc)rt"1 co''on to e2er" branc+ of
s)&&eston1 t+ese 2asoC'otor $+eno'ena are b" t+s t'e so fa'lar t+at a
fe8 references n '" %$$endces 8ll s)ffce for t+er ll)straton.
,+3 . T+s delcate res$ons2eness of t+e 2asoC'otor s"ste' +as &2en
rse to so'e c)ro)s s$ontaneo)s $+eno'ena1 and +as s)&&ested so'e
e#$er'ents1 8+c+ are $robabl" as "et n t+er nfanc". T+e 'an $ont of
nterest s t+at at t+s $ont s$ontaneo)s selfCs)&&eston1 and s)bseE)entl"
s)&&eston fro' 8t+o)t1 +a2e 'ade a 3nd of frst atte'$t at t+e
'odfcaton of t+e +)'an or&ans' n 8+at 'a" be called fanc" drectons1
at t+e $rod)cton of a c+an&e 8+c+ +as no t+era$e)tc a'1 and so to sa"1
no $+"solo&cal )nt"G b)t 8+c+ s &)ded b" an ntellect)al ca$rce alon&
lnes 8t+ 8+c+ t+e or&ans' s not $re2o)sl" fa'lar. I s$ea3 of t+e
$+eno'enon co''onl" 3no8n as st&'atsaton19 fro' t+e fact t+at ts
earlest s$ontaneo)s 'anfestatons 8ere s)&&ested b" 'a&natons
broodn& on t+e st&'ata of C+rst5s $assonGt+e 'ar3s of 8o)nds n
+ands and feet and sde. T+s $+eno'enon1 8+c+ 8as lon& treated bot+ b"
savants and b" de2otees as t+o)&+ t ')st be et+er fra)d)lent or
'rac)lo)s1ou supercherie, ou mirace,s no8 fo)nd (l3e a &ood 'an"
ot+er $+eno'ena $re2o)sl" dee'ed s)bDect to t+at dle''a) to enter
readl" 8t+n t+e 8denn& crc)t of nat)ral la8. (t&'atsaton s1 n fact1
a for' of 2escatonG and s)&&ested 2escaton8t+ t+e E)asCb)rns and
real blsters 8+c+ obedentl" a$$ear n an" $lace and $attern t+at s ordered
s a +&+ de2elo$'ent of t+at sa'e 2asoC'otor $lastct" of 8+c+ t+e
a''onaCroseC8ater e#$er'ent 8as an earl" e#a'$le (see cases n
%$$endces).
EE)all" str3n&1 n a so'e8+at dfferent drecton1 8as Professor
C+arcot5s $rod)cton b" s)&&eston of bl)e Qde'a9 (see ,+3 F)1 an
e#$er'ent 8+c+1 n tself a 'ere c)rost"1 8as t"$cal of a 8de ran&e of
analo&o)s effects 8+c+ '&+t n 2aro)s states of t+e s"ste' $ro2e act2el"
benefcal.
,++ . T+e &ro)$ of s)&&est2e effects 8+c+ 8e reac+ ne#t n order s a
8de and '$ortant one. T+e ed)caton of t+e centra sensory $acuties,of
o)r $o8er of n8ardl" re$resentn& to o)rsel2es s&+ts and so)nds1 &c.1s
not less '$ortant t+an t+e ed)caton of t+e e#ternal senses. T+e $o8ers of
constr)cton and co'bnaton 8+c+ o)r central or&ans $ossess dffer 'ore
8del" n de&ree n dfferent +ealt+" nd2d)als t+an t+e de&rees of e#ternal
$erce$ton tself. %nd t+e st')latn& nfl)ence of +"$nots' on
imagination s $er+a$s t+e 'ost cons$c)o)s $+eno'enon 8+c+ t+e 8+ole
s)bDect offersG "et t +as been lttle d8elt )$on1 sa2e fro' one E)te
s)$erfcal $ont of 2e8.
+i,GNO-
E2er" one 3no8s t+at a +"$notsed s)bDect s easl" +all)cnatedGt+at
f +e s told to see a nonCe#stent do&1 +e sees a do&1t+at f +e s told not to
see /r. %.1 +e sees e2er"t+n& n t+e roo'1 /r. %. e#ce$ted. Co''on and
cons$c)o)s1 I sa"1 as t+s e#$er'ent s1 e2en t+e scentfc obser2er +as too
often dealt 8t+ t 8t+ t+e s+allo8ness of t+e $latfor' lect)rer. T+e lect)rer
re$resents t+s nd)ced +all)cnablt" s'$l" as an odd ll)straton of +s
o8n $o8er o2er t+e s)bDect. I tell +' to for&et +s na'e1 and +e for&ets
+s na'eG I tell +' t+at +e +as a bab" on +s la$1 and +e sees and feels and
dandles t9 %t t+e best1 s)c+ a +all)cnaton s E)oted as an nstance of
'onoCdes'.9 B)t s)rel" to crtcse t+)s s to D)d&e so'et+n& 8+c+ s
$rofo)nd and co'$le# fro' a 'erel" e#ternal and accdental $ont of 2e8.
T+e +"$notser5s $o8er o2er +s $atent s tself (tele$at+" a$art) a 'ere
res)lt of s)&&eston. T+ere 'a" be a 3nd of dele&aton of t+at $o8er b" t+e
s)bDect to t+e +"$notser1 b)t all analo&" s+o8s )s t+at t s reall" e#ercsed
b" t+e s)bDect o2er +'self. % tr)l" +all)cnable $erson can s)&&est to
+'self +s o8n +all)cnatons 8t+ no e#ternal ad (see a case recorded b"
,r. 6n&feld n ,1) D). /onoCdes'19 a&an1 so far as t s e2er a tr)e
descr$ton of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect5s state1 s a descr$ton onl" of ts
n+bt2e and not of ts d"na'o&enc as$ect1of 8+at s not &on& on n +s
'nd1 rat+er t+an of 8+at is &on& on. !o 'ere n+bton 8ll $rod)ce
+all)cnatons. %n ordnar" $erson cannot feel a bab" on +s la$ an" t+e
better for abstractn& +s attenton fro' all obDects of t+o)&+t e#ce$t babes.
T+e real 3ernel of t+e $+eno'enon s not t+e n+bton b)t t+e
d"na'o&en"Gnot t+e abstracton of attenton or 'a&naton fro' ot+er
to$cs1 b)t t+e ncreased $o8er 8+c+ 'a&naton &ans )nder s)&&estonG
t+e de2elo$'ent of fac)lt"1 )seless1 f "o) 8ll1 n t+at s$ecal for' of
'a&nn& t+e bab"1 b)t fac)lt" 'entall" of a +&+ orderfac)lt" n one
s+a$e or anot+er essental to t+e $rod)cton of al'ost all t+e 'ost ad'red
for's of +)'an ac+e2e'ent.
On t+s t+e'e I s+all +a2e ')c+ to sa"G "et +ere a&an t 8ll be
con2enent to defer f)ller dsc)sson )ntl I re2e8 8+at I +a2e ter'ed
sensor" a)to'ats'9 n a 'ore &eneral 8a". 6e s+all t+en see t+at t+s
E)c3ened 'a&nat2e fac)lt" s not ed)ced b" +"$noss aloneG t+at t s a
$art of t+e eE)$'ent of t+e s)bl'nal self1 and 8ll be better treated at
len&t+ n connecton 8t+ ot+er s$ontaneo)s 'anfestatons. Eno)&+ +ere to
+a2e $onted o)t t+e 'an factG for 8+en $onted o)t t can +ardl" be
ds$)ted1 alt+o)&+ ts s&nfcance for t+e tr)e co'$re+enson of +"$notc
$+eno'ena +as been too often o2erloo3ed.
,+, . Yet +ere1 and n drect connecton 8t+ +"$nots'1 certan s$ecal
feat)res of +all)cnatons need to be nssted )$on1 bot+ as $artl" e#$lann&
certan 'ore ad2anced +"$notc $+eno'ena1 and also as s)&&estn& lnes of
'$ortant e#$er'ent. T+e frst $ont s t+s.
PostC+"$notc +all)cnatons can be postponed at 8ll. T+e sn&)lar
acc)rac"1 ndeed1 8t+ 8+c+ t+e" can so'et'es be ordered for +i,GOP- an"
&2en 'n)te n t+e re'ote f)t)re 8ll de'and o)r attenton 8+en 8e are
consdern& t+e st')latn& effects of +"$nots' on 'e'or" and
ntell&ence. 4or t+e 'o'ent t s eno)&+ to note t+at $ostC+"$notc
+all)cnatons afford a str3n& corroboraton of t+e 2e8 +ere nssted on
na'el"1 t+at t s an abdn& ele'ent n t+e $ersonalt"1t+e s)bl'nal self1
or so'e fra&'ent of t+e s)bl'nal self18+c+ 'an)fact)res t+ese E)asC
$erce$ts. E#$erence s+o8s t+at a constant 8atc+f)lness s e#ercsed1 so t+at
f1 for e#a'$le1 t+e +"$notser tells t+e s)bDect t+at +e 8ll (8+en a8a3ened)
$o3e t+e fre 8+en t+e +"$notser +as co)&+ed t+ree t'es1 t+e a8a3ened
s)bDect1 alt+o)&+ 3no8n& not+n& of t+e order n +s 8a3n& state1 8ll be
on t+e loo3Co)t for t+e co)&+s1 a'd all ot+er dst)rbances1 and 8ll $o3e
t+e fre at t+e foreCordaned s&nal (see ,,1 A). /oreo2er1 8+en t+e $ostC
+"$notc s)&&eston s e#ec)ted t+ere 8ll often be a sl&+t 'o'entar"
rela$se nto t+e +"$notc state1 and t+e s)bDect 8ll not after8ards be a8are
t+at +e has (for nstance) $o3ed t+e fre at all. T+s 'eans t+at t+e s)&&ested
act belon&s $ro$erl" to t+e +"$notc1 not to t+e nor'al c+an of 'e'or"G so
t+at ts $erfor'ance n2ol2es a bref rea$$earance of t+e s)bl'nal self
8+c+ rece2ed t+e order.
,+' . %not+er c+aracterstc of t+ese s)&&ested +all)cnatons tells n
e#actl" t+e sa'e drecton. It s $ossble to s)&&est no 'ere solated $ct)re1
a blac3 cat on t+e table1 or t+e l3e1b)t a 8+ole co'$le# seres of
res$onses to crc)'stances not at t+e t'e $redctable. T+s $ont s 8ell
ll)strated b" 8+at are called ne&at2e +all)cnatons9 or s"ste'atsed
anFst+esF.9 ()$$ose1 for nstance1 t+at I tell a +"$notsed s)bDect t+at
8+en +e a8a3es t+ere 8ll be no one n t+e roo' 8t+ +' b)t '"self. -e
a8a3es and re'e'bers not+n& of t+s order1 b)t sees 'e alone n t+e roo'.
Ot+er $ersons $resent endea2o)r to attract +s attenton n 2aro)s 8a"s.
(o'et'es +e 8ll be E)te )nconsco)s of t+er noses and 'o2e'entsG
so'et'es +e 8ll $erce2e t+e'1 b)t 8ll e#$lan t+e' a8a"1 as d)e to
ot+er ca)ses1 n t+e sa'e rratonal 'anner as one '&+t do n a drea'. Or
+e 'a" $erce2e t+e'1 be )nable to e#$lan t+e'1 and feel consderable
terror )ntl t+e ne&at2e +all)cnaton9 s dssol2ed b" a fres+ 8ord of
co''and. It s $lan1 n fact1 t+ro)&+o)t1 t+at so'e ele'ent n +' s at
8or3 all t+e t'e n obedence to t+e s)&&eston &2en1s 3ee$n& +' b"
e2er fres+ 'odfcatons of +s ll)son fro' dsco2ern& ts )nrealt" (see
e.g., n ,+' A 1 /rs. (d&8c35s e#$er'ents on t+e f)ncton of points de
rep=re n ne&at2e +all)cnatons). !ot+n& co)ld be 'ore c+aracterstc of
8+at I +a2e called a 'ddleCle2el centre9 of t+e s)bl'nal self1of so'e
ele'ent n +s nat)re 8+c+ s $otent and $ersstent 8t+o)t ben&
co'$letel" ntell&entGa 3nd of drea'C$rod)cer1 read" at an" 'o'ent to
2ar" and defend t+e drea'.
,+* . %not+er ndcaton of t+e s)bl'nal $o8er at 8or3 to $rod)ce
t+ese +all)cnatons s t+er re'ar3able rangea ran&e as 8de1 $er+a$s1 as
t+at o2er 8+c+ t+era$e)tc effects are obtanable b" s)&&eston. T+e +i,
GOG- $ostC+"$notc +all)cnaton 'a" affect not s&+t and +earn& alone (to
8+c+ s$ontaneo)s +all)cnatons are n 'ost cases confned)1 b)t all 3nds
of 2asoC'otor res$onses and or&anc sensatonscardac1 sto'ac+c1 and
t+e l3e8+c+ no artfce can affect n a 8a3n& $erson. T+e le&endar"
flo8 of $ers$raton 8t+ 8+c+ t+e flatterer s"'$at+ses 8t+ +s $atron5s
co'$lant of +eatsi di0eris !Zstuo, sudat s no e#a&&eraton f
a$$led to t+e +"$notc s)bDect1 8+o 8ll often s8eat and s+2er at "o)r
bddn& as "o) trans$lant +' fro' t+e EE)ator to frost" Ca)cas)s.
,+) . 6ell1 t+en1 &2en t+s stren&t+ and 2&o)r of +all)cnaton1 one
sees a $ossble e#tenson of 3no8led&e n 'ore t+an one drecton. To be&n
8t+1 b" s)&&estn& to t+e s)bDect t+at +e s feeln& or don& so'et+n&
8+c+ s be"ond +s nor'al ran&e of fac)ltes1 8e 'a" $er+a$s enable +'
to $erce2e or to act as t+)s s)&&ested.
-ere1 as else8+ere1 t s desrable to $)s+ as far as $ossble o)r nE)r"
nto $+eno'ena 8+c+ 'a" stll co)nt as nor'al1 so as to see f an" brd&e
or $assa&e bet8een nor'al and s)$ernor'al be an"8+ere ndcatedG and
+ere1 as else8+ere1 8e +a2e to re&ret t+e la'entable scarct" of $)rel"
$s"c+olo&cal e#$er'ents o2er t+e 8+ole +"$notc feld. 6e are +abt)all"
forced to base o)r $s"c+olo&cal nferences on t+era$e)tc $ractceG and n
drectons 8+ere t+ere +as been no t+era$e)tc effort t+ere are &a$s n o)r
3no8led&e1 8+c+ t+ose +"$notsts 8+o +a2e &ood s)bDects at t+er ds$osal
s+o)ld be n2ted to fll )$ as soon as 'a" be.
6+at 8e need s to address to a senst2e s)bDect a seres of stron&
s)&&estons of t+e ncrease of +s sensor" ran&e and $o8er. 6e ')st needs
be&n b" s)&&estn& +all)cnator" sensatonsJt+e s)bDect s+o)ld be told
t+at +e $erce2es so'e st')l)s 8+c+ s1 n fact1 too feeble for ordnar"
$erce$ton. If "o) can 'a3e +' thinB t+at +e $erce2es t1 +e $robabl" 8ll
after a t'e $erce2e tG t+e drecton &2en to +s attenton +e&+tenn&
et+er $er$+eral or central sensor" fac)lt". Yo) 'a" t+en be able to attac3
t+e E)eston as to +o8 far +s s$ecalsed endCor&ans are reall" concerned n
t+e $erce$tonGand t 'a" t+en be $ossble to deal n a 'ore fr)tf)l 8a"
8t+ t+ose alle&ed cases of transposition o$ senses 8+c+ +a2e so &reat a
t+eoretcal nterest as ben& a$$arentl" nter'edate bet8een +"$erFst+esa
and telFst+esa or clar2o"ance. If 8e once ad't (as I1 of co)rse1 ad't) t+e
realt" of telFst+esa1 t s D)st n so'e s)c+ 8a" as t+s t+at 8e s+o)ld
e#$ect to fnd t be&nnn&.
,+9 . I start fro' t+e t+ess t+at t+e $erce$t2e $o8er 8t+n )s $recedes
and s nde$endent of t+e s$ecalsed senseCor&ans1 8+c+ t +as de2elo$ed
for eart+l" )se.
q AA m uA .
I conce2e f)rt+er t+at )nder certan crc)'stances t+s $r'ar"
telFst+etc fac)lt" res)'es drect o$eratons1 n s$te of t+e fles+l" barrers
8+c+ are constr)cted so as to allo8 t to o$erate t+ro)&+ certan c+annels
alone. %nd I conce2e t+at n t+)s res)'n& e#ercse of t+e 8der fac)lt"1
+i,GOH- t+e ncarnate s$rt 8ll be nfl)enced or +a'$ered b" t+e +abts or
selfCs)&&estons of t+e 'ore s$ecalsed fac)lt"G so t+at t+ere 'a" be
a$$arent compromises of dfferent 3nds bet8een telFst+etc and
+"$erFst+etc $erce$ton1as t+e s$ecalsed senses endea2o)r1 as t 8ere1
to retan credt for t+e $erce$ton 8+c+ s n realt" 8denn& be"ond t+er
sco$e.
In t+s attt)de of 'nd1 t+en1 I a$$roac+ t+e recorded cases of
trans$oston of s$ecal sense. I E)ote at so'e len&t+ n ,+9 B certan
e#$er'ents 8+c+ cannot l&+tl" be set asde.
T+e case t+ere cted1 I sa"1 s not eas" to e#$lan. T8o 'an +"$ot+eses
+a2e been $)t for8ard as a &eneral e#$lanaton of s)c+ cases1 net+er of
8+c+ see's to 'e E)te satsfactor"1 (*) T+e co''on t+eor" 8o)ld be t+at
t+ese are 'erel" cases of erroneo)s selfCs)&&estonGt+at t+e s)bDect reall"
sees 8t+ t+e e"e1 b)t t+n3s t+at +e sees 8t+ t+e 3nee1 or t+e sto'ac+1 or
t+e fn&erCt$s. T+s 'a" $robabl" +a2e been so n 'an" nstances (see ,+9
A)G b)t ,r. 4ontan5s case cannot1 I t+n31 be so e#$laned 8t+o)t o2errdn&
+s defnte state'ents n an )nD)stfable 8a". (.) ,r. Pros$er ,es$ne and
ot+ers s)$$ose t+at1 8+le t+e acc)sto'ed cerebral centres are stll
concerned n t+e act of s&+t1 t+e fn&erCend (for e#a'$le) acts for t+e nonce
as t+e endCor&an reE)red to carr" t+e 2s)al sensaton to t+e bran. I cannot
+ere &et o2er t+e 'ec+ancal dffc)lt" of t+e absence of a lens. -o8e2er
+"$erFst+etc t+e fn&erCend '&+t be (sa") to l&+t and dar3ness1 I can
+ardl" 'a&ne ts actn& as an or&an of defnte s&+t.
/" o8n s)&&eston (8+c+1 for a)&+t I 3no81 'a" +a2e been 'ade
before) s t+at t+e fn&erCend s no 'ore a tr)e or&an of s&+t t+an t+e
arbtrar" +"$no&eno)s None9 s a tr)e or&an for nd)cn& trance. I t+n3 t
$ossble t+at t+ere 'a" be act)al telFst+esa1not necessarl" n2ol2n&
an" $erce$ton b" t+e bodl" or&ans'Gand t+at t+e s$rt 8+c+ t+)s
$erce2es n 8+oll" s)$ernor'al fas+on 'a" be )nder t+e '$resson t+at t
s $erce2n& t+ro)&+ so'e bNarre cor$oreal c+annelas t+e 3nee or t+e
sto'ac+. I t+n31 t+erefore1 t+at t+e $erce$ton 'a" not be optica s&+t at
all1 b)t rat+er so'e &eneralsed telFst+etc $erce$ton re$resented as 2s)al1
b)t incoherenty so re$resentedG so t+at t 'a" be referred to t+e 3nee
nstead of t+e retna. %nd +ere a&an1 as at se2eral $re2o)s $onts n '"
ar&)'ent1 I ')st refer t+e reader to 8+at 8ll be sad n '" c+a$ter on
&ossession b" e#ternal s$rts (C+a$ter I0.) to ll)strate t+e o$eraton e2en
of t+e s)bDect5s o8n s$rt actn& 8t+o)t e#ternal ad.
,,0 . %nd no8 I co'e to t+e t+rd 'an t"$e of t+e d"na'o&enc
effcac" of s)&&estonGts nfl)ence1 na'el"1 on attention, on 8ll1 and on
character/c+aracter1 ndeed1 ben& lar&el" a res)ltant of t+e drecton and
$ersstence of 2ol)ntar" attenton.
It 8ll be re'e'bered t+at for con2enence5 sa3e I +a2e dsc)ssed t+e
d"na'o&enc effect of s)&&eston frst )$on t+e e#ternal senses1 t+en )$on
t+e nternal sensblt"1t+e 'nd5s e"e1 t+e 'nd5s ear1 and t+e 'a&naton
+i,GOI- &enerall"Gand no8 I a' t)rnn& to s'lar effects e#ercsed )$on
t+at central $o8er 8+c+ reasons )$on t+e deas and 'a&es 8+c+ e#ternal
and nternal senses s)$$l"1 8+c+ c+ooses bet8een t+e'1 and 8+c+ reacts
accordn& to ts c+oce. T+ese are t+e +&+estCle2el centres19 8+c+ I be&an
b" sa"n& t+at t+e +"$notst co)ld rarel" +o$e to reac+Gsnce t+ose
s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls's 8+c+ t+e +"$notc trance 'tates and
de2elo$s do so seldo' reac+ t+e'. T+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ +ere follo81
t+erefore1 le be"ond o)r or&nal &ro)nd of +o$e. T+e" s+o8 t+at t+e
+"$notc ran&e s 8der t+an t+e so'na'b)lcGho# much 8der1
e#$erence alone can s+o8. T+e ste$ 8+c+ 8e are 'a3n& +ere1 t+o)&+ a
consderable one1 s not a s)dden one. 6e +a2e alread" fo)nd a &ood deal of
ntell&ence of a certan 3nd n +"$notc $+eno'enaG 8+at 8e do +ere s to
$ass fro' one sta&e to anot+er and +&+er sta&e of consco)sness of
ntell&ent acton. To e#$lan '" $ont1 I 'a" ro)&+l" sa" t+at t+ere are
t+ree +abt)al de&rees of s)c+ consco)sness1 as follo8sJ5a6 I do not at all
3no8 +o8 I s)$$l" '" ar' 8t+ blood. T+at s an or&anc $rocess 8+oll"
belo8 '" consco)s le2el1 5b6 I 3no8 n a certan sense +o8 I 'o2e '"
ar'. T+at s an or&anc $rocess assocated 8t+ certan consco)s sensatons
of c+oce and 8ll1 5c6 G2en t+s fact t+at I a' 'o2n& '" ar'1 I can
)nderstand1 'ore f)ll" t+an at t+ose $re2o)s sta&es1 +o8 I a' 8rtn&
8ords on $a$er. In t+at acton t+ere s a lar&er ele'ent of acE)red ca$act"
and consco)s c+oce. %nd I 8s+ to e#$lan t+at t+e for8ard ste$ 8+c+ 8e
are 'a3n& n t+s secton s1 n fact1 a carr"n& on of t+e res)lts of
s)&&eston fro' sta&e 5b6 to sta&e 5c6fro' a $ont at 8+c+ t+ere s b)t a
s'all ele'ent rese'bln& consco)s c+oce to a $ont 8+ere t+at ele'ent s
'$ortant and co'$le#.
To e#$lan t+s state'ent1 let )s d8ell for a 'o'ent )$on t+e de&ree of
ntell&ence 8+c+ 8e +a2e alread" seen ds$la"ed n t+ose 'odfcatons of
t+e or&ans' 8+c+ s)&&eston +as effected. Ta3e1 for nstance1 t+e
for'aton of a cr)cfor' blster1 as recorded b" ,r. B&&s1 of L'a . ,+3 B /.
T+at $erfor'ance needed an )n)s)al co'bnaton of ca$actesGt+e
ca$act" of drectn& $+"solo&cal c+an&es n a ne8 8a"1 and also1 and
co'bned t+ere8t+1 t+e ca$act" of reco&nsn& and 'tatn& an abstract1
arbtrar"1 nonC$+"solo&cal dea1 s)c+ as t+at of cruci$ormity.
%ll t+s1 n '" 2e81 s t+e e#$resson of subimina control o2er t+e
or&ans''ore $otent and $rofo)nd t+an supraimina. Or +ere1 $er+a$s1
n order to &2e so'e concreteness to t+s abstract e#$resson1 I 'a"
descrbe t+s ncreased $+"solo&cal 'odfablt" as a recovery o$
primitive pasticity. !ot t+at t+s reall" s a s'$le deaG for 8e do not 3no8
+o8 or 8+" t+at earl" $lastct" of t+e ndefnte a'Qba1 t+e cla8Crene8n&
crab1 +as been lost b" +&+er an'als. 6e +a2e no noton 8+at 3nd of
c+an&e 8o)ld be needed to enable a +&+er an'al to ta3e t+at $lastct" on
a&an.
T+e $roble' +ere $resented on a lar&er scale +as so'e rese'blance to
t+e individua $roble's n2ol2ed n s)c+ +stores of alternatn& $ersonalt"
as Lo)s V2U5s . (33 A /. T+at $artall" $aral"sed and ot+er8se +i,GOJ-
')c+ da'a&ed "o)n& 'an co)ld be $)t bac3 b" certan artfces nto +s
state of )nnD)red bo"+ood1before t+e 2$er bt +'19 and +s lon& seres
of tro)bles be&an. -s $aral"ss dsa$$eared n a 'o'ent1 and t+ere 8as
t+)s a real reco2er" of $lastct"1of $o8er of 'an" 3nds o2er +s
or&ans'. If 8e as3 +o8 t+ose $o8ers ca'e to +a2e been so lon& obsc)red1
t+e onl" ans8er s hysterica se$,suggestion. Can t be so'e 3nd of selfC
s)&&eston 8+c+ $re2ents t+e 'a''al fro' credtn& +'self 8t+
cr)stacean rec)$erat2enessW Or1 n 'ore sober lan&)a&e1 do not t+ese
e#$er'ents n s)&&est2e blstern& s+o8 t+at t+ere does stll $ersst n )s a
$otental control o2er re$arat2e secretons ')c+ &reater t+an t+e co''on
e#$erence of lfe s a$t to re2eal to )sW
T+s dor'ant $lastct"1 t+en1 t+e +"$notc s)&&estons rea8a3en. B)t
no8 consder 8t+ 8+at de&ree of ntell&ence1 of drect2e c+oce1 t+e"
rea8a3en t. T+e" rea8a3en t net+er bindy nor #isey, b)t 8t+
inteigent caprice. T+e $lastct"1 I sa" frst1 s not blndl" and 2a&)el"
restoredG t+e 2escaton s localsed on a $rearran&ed $lan1 t+e rest of t+e
bod" re'ann& )nc+an&ed. !or1 on t+e ot+er +and1 s t+e $lastct" restored
8t+ $erfect 8sdo'G n Il'a (.5s case1 for nstance . ,+3 D / t+e 2escaton
s anno"n& to t+e s)bDect1 8+o 8o)ld +a2e &ladl" a2oded t. T+e order
&2en for s$ecfcall" s+a$ed blsters s a ca$rco)s oneG b)t n eac+ case
t+e ca$rco)s order s ntell&entl" obe"ed. BNarre as t+s res)lt 'a" see'1
t s 2er" ')c+ 8+at '&+t +a2e been e#$ected on t+e t+eor" s)&&ested at
t+e be&nnn& of t+s c+a$ter. It s a res)lt of t+e acton of 'ddleCle2el
centres $)ttn& nto e#ercse s)bl'nal $o8ers.
I +a2e c+osen t+s $ont n '" ar&)'ent for a bref anal"ss of t+e
ntell&ence n2ol2ed n t+e 2asoC'otor effects of s)&&eston1 D)st beca)se
8e are no8 &on& on to s)&&estons 'ore drectl" affectn& central fac)lt"1
and n 8+c+1 as I +a2e sad1 highest,eve centres be&n to be n2ol2ed. 4or
I 8ant to $re$are t+e reader for an nter'edate sta&e n 8+c+ +&+ fac)ltes
are )sed1 n obedence to s)&&eston1 for $)rel" ca$rco)s ends.
,,1 . I s$ea3 of cacuations s)bl'nall" $erfor'ed n t+e carr"n& o)t
of PostC+"$notc s)&&estons.
T+ese s)&&estons > ;ch;ance co''ands1 &2en n t+e trance1 to do
so'et+n& )nder certan contn&ent crc)'stances1 or after a certan t'e
+as ela$sedfor' a 2er" con2enent 'ode of testn& t+e a'o)nt of
'entaton 8+c+ can be started and carred o)t 8t+o)t t+e nter2enton of
t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness. E#$er'ents +a2e been 'ade n t+s
drecton b" t+ree 'en es$ecall" 8+o +a2e n recent t'es done so'e of t+e
best 8or3 on t+e $s"c+olo&cal sde of +"$nots'1 na'el"1 Ed')nd
G)rne"1 ,elbQ)f1 and /lne Bra'8ell. % s)''ar" of t+er res)lts s &2en
n ,,1 A , B , and C .
,r. /lne Bra'8ell5s e#$er'ents (to 'enton t+ese as a sa'$le of t+e
rest) 8ere PostC+"$notc s)&&estons n2ol2n& art+'etcal calc)latonsG t+e
entranced s)bDect1 for nstance1 ben& told to 'a3e a cross 8+en .>1*A>
'n)tes +ad ela$sed fro' t+e 'o'ent of t+e order. T+er $r'ar"
'$ortance +i,GOK- la" n s+o8n& t+at a s)bl'nal or +"$notc 'e'or"
$erssted across t+e nter2enn& &)lf of t'e1da"s and n&+ts of ordnar"
lfe1and $ro'$ted obedence to t+e order 8+en at last t fell d)e. B)t
ncdentall"1 as I sa"1 t beca'e clear t+at t+e s)bDect1 8+ose art+'etcal
ca$act" n co''on lfe 8as s'all1 8or3ed o)t t+ese s)'s s)bl'nall" a
&ood deal better t+an s+e co)ld 8or3 t+e' o)t b" +er nor'al 8a3n&
ntell&ence.
Of co)rse1 all t+at 8as needed for s)c+ s'$le calc)latons 8as close
attenton to eas" r)lesG b)t t+s 8as D)st 8+at t+e 8a3n& 'nd 8as )nable to
&2e1 at least 8t+o)t t+e +el$ of $encl and $a$er. If 8e la" t+s lon& and
caref)l e#$er'ent1 concerned t+o)&+ t 8as 8t+ 2er" eas" $roble's1 sde
b" sde 8t+ t+e acco)nts alread" &2en of t+e sol)ton of $roble's n
so'na'b)lc states1 8+c+ states 8ere for&otten on 8a3n&1 t see's clear
t+at t+ere s "et ')c+ to be done n t+e ed)caton of s)bl'nal 'e'or" and
ac)'en as a +el$ to s)$ral'nal 8or3.
,,( . I'$ortant n t+s connecton s an acco)nt &2en b" ,r. ,)fa" of
+el$ &2en b" +' to an actress n t+e re$resentaton of +er rEes b"
+"$notsaton (see ,,( A ). E2er" one 3no8s +o8 ')c+ 'ore 22dl" t+e
ob"ectivation de types , as Professor Rc+et lon& a&o called t1 s effected n
t+e +"$notc t+an n t+e nor'al stateG and t see's ob2o)s t+at sta&eCfr&+t
s D)st t+e 3nd of ner2o)s anno"ance fro' 8+c+ +"$notsaton s+o)ld &2e
relef. (o'e8+at s'larl" I bele2e t+at selfC+"$notsaton s e'$lo"ed b"
so'e $rofessonal tranceCs$ea3ers19 8+ose )tterances (8+le b" no 'eans
obl&n& )s to refer t+e' to s$rtCcontrol9) are often re'ar3abl" read" and
fl)ent. It s $ossble for so'e $ersons1 t+at s to sa"1 t+)s to sec)re a c+ea$
s)bstt)te for &en)s on sta&e or $latfor'G to e2o3e b" s)&&eston or selfC
s)&&eston an )$r)s+ of s)bl'nal t+o)&+t and dcton1 or of dra'atc
&est)re and ntonaton1 8+c+1 e2en f t s of no 2er" rare E)alt"1 at least
carres t+e selfCns$red artst o2er 'an" ordnar" st)'bln&Cbloc3s.
-ere1 a&an1 t+e +"$notsaton s a 3nd of e#tenson of secondar"
a)to'ats'9Gof t+e fa'lar la$se fro' ordnar" consco)sness of
'o2e'ents (8al3n&1 $anoforte $la"n&1 &c.)1 8+c+ +a2e been 2er"
freE)entl" $erfor'ed. T+e $ossbltes t+)s o$ened )$ are 2er" &reatJ no
less t+an t+e co'bnaton b" 'an3nd of t+e stablt" of nstnct 8t+ t+e
$lastct" of reason. T+e nsect1 as 8e 3no81 $erfor's 8t+ &reat ease and
$erfecton certan dffc)lt acts1 b" dnt of an nstnct 8+c+ $er+a$s n 'an"
cases s la$sed ntell&ence9Gan obsc)rel" consco)s effort &rad)all"
transfor'ed t+ro)&+ &eneratons nto an )nntell&ent b)t acc)rate
a)to'ats'. /an benefts b" a s'lar la$sed ntell&ence or secondar"
a)to'ats'1 b)t to a 2er" s'all de&ree n co'$arson 8t+ t+e a'o)nt of
8or3 8+c+ +e +as to $erfor' b" consco)s effort. T+ere see's no reason
8+" +s ran&e of a)to'ats' s+o)ld not t+)s be lar&el" ncreased n t8o
'an 8a"s. /an" t+n&s (na'el") 8+c+ no8 are )n$leasant to do '&+t be
done 8t+ ndfference1 and 'an" t+n&s 8+c+ no8 are dffc)lt to do '&+t
be done 8t+ ease.
+i,GOL-
Ot+er cases 8+ere 'e'or" +as been &reatl" E)c3ened b" +"$notc
s)&&eston are &2en n ,,( B, and 8e +a2e alread" fo)nd t+at t+e la$sed
recollectons of secondar" states 'a" be reco2ered b" +"$nots' n t+e
$r'ar" state (see also ,,( C).
,,3 . Let )s $ass on fro' t+ese s$ecalsed nfl)ences of s)&&eston on
certan 3nds of attenton to ts nfl)ence on attenton &enerall"1 as needed1
for nstance1 n ed)caton. T+s s e'nentl" one of t+e drectons 8+ere a
8der 3no8led&e of +"$nots' s l3el" to st')late e#$er'ent 8+c+ 'a"
be of &reat $ractcal 2al)e. Inca$act"1 ndolence1 and nattenton d2de
bet8een t+e' t+e res$onsblt" for 'ost fal)res 8+et+er n 8or3 or n
$la". Inattenton 'a" no do)bt be called a s$ecal for' of ndolenceG b)t t
s often so far constt)tonal9 t+at stren)o)s 2ol)ntar" effort cannot c)re t.
If 8e can arrest t+s s+ftn& of t+e 'ental foc)s to )ndesred deatonal
centres n at all t+e sa'e 8a" as 8e can arrest t+e c+orec or fd&ett"
s+ftn&s of 'otor '$)lse to )ndesred 'otor centres1 8e s+all +a2e done
$er+a$s as ')c+ for t+e 8orld5s ordnar" 8or3 as f 8e +ad rased t+e
a2era&e 'an5s act)al ntell&ence a ste$ +&+er n t+e scale. 6e s+all +a2e
c+ec3ed 8aste1 alt+o)&+ 8e 'a" not +a2e '$ro2ed E)alt". T+e 8ellC
3no8n case of ,r. 4orel5s 8arders . ,,3 A / 8+o 8ere enabled b" +"$notc
s)&&eston to slee$ so)ndl" b" t+e sde of t+e $atents t+e" +ad to 8atc+1
and 8a3e onl" 8+en t+e $atents reE)red to be restraned1 s+o8s )s +o8 b"
t+s 'eans t+e attenton 'a" be concentrated on selected '$ressons and
8aste of ener&" be a2oded n a 8a" t+at co)ld +ardl" be co'$assed b" an"
ordnar" e#ercse of t+e 8ll.
-o8 far1 ndeed1 8e can &o n act)all" heightening ntell&ence b"
s)&&eston 8e +a2e "et to learn. 6e ')st not e#$ect to add a c)bt to
ntellect)al an" 'ore t+an to $+"scal stat)re. L'tatons at brt+ ')st
$re2ent o)r de2elo$n& t+e co''on 'an nto a !e8tonG b)t t+ere see's no
reason 8+" 8e s+o)ld not brn& )$ +s $ractcal ac+e2e'ents ')c+ nearer
t+an at $resent to t+e 'a#')' of +s nnate ca$act". One ll)strat2e
nstance and references to ot+ers are &2en n ,,3 B.
,,+ . In $assn& on fro' t+e nfl)ence of s)&&eston on attention to ts
nfl)ence on #i, I a' not 'eann& to dra8 an" b)t t+e 'ost e2er"da"
dstncton bet8een t+ese t8o for's of n8ard concentraton. T+e $ont1 n
fact1 8+c+ I 8s+ no8 to notce s rat+er a 'atter of co''on obser2aton
t+an a $ro2able and 'eas)rable $+eno'enon. I s$ea3 of t+e ener&" and
resol)ton 8t+ 8+c+ a +"$notc s)&&eston s carred o)tGt+e $erocity,
e2en1 8t+ 8+c+ t+e entranced s)bDect $)s+es asde t+e o$$oston of ')c+
'ore $o8erf)l 'en. I do not1 ndeed1 assert t+at +e 8o)ld t+)s rs3 2er"
sero)s nD)r"G for I bele2e (8t+ Bra'8ell and ot+ers) t+at t+ere does e#st
so'e8+ere 8t+n +' a 3no8led&e t+at t+e 8+ole $roceedn& s a 'ere
e#$er'ent. B)t1 ne2ert+eless1 +e act)all" rs3s so'et+n&G +e be+a2es1 n
s+ort1 as a confdent1 resol)te 'an 8o)ld be+a2e1 and t+s +o8e2er t'd
and )na&&ress2e +s +abt)al c+aracter 'a" be. I bele2e t+at ')c+
ad2anta&e 'a" "et be dra8n fro' t+s confdent +i,GOM- te'$er. 6e can
t+)s n+bt t+e acE)red selfCdstr)st and s+"ness of t+e s)$ral'nal self1
and &et t+e s)bl'nal self concentrated )$on so'e tas3 8+c+ 'a" be as
dffc)lt as 8e $leaseG8+c+ 'a"1 f 8e can adD)st t r&+tl"1 dra8 o)t to
t+e )tter'ost t+e nnate $o8ers of 'an. 6e can co''andso'et'es 8t+
s)ccessclar2o"ant e#c)rsonsG na"1 8e 'a" ordernot 8t+o)t so'e
+o$ee2en acton )$on 'atter at a dstance. %'on& +s e#$er'ents 8t+
t+e s)bDect referred to n ,*3 C , ,r. Bac3'an records a case n 8+c+1
d)rn& one of +er clar2o"ant e#c)rsons1 +e +ad tred to 'a3e +er seNe and
s+a3e a b)nc+ of 3e"s 8+c+ s+e +ad obser2ed n t+e roo' s+e 8as
clar2o"antl" 2stn&. It 8as after8ards ascertaned t+at t+ere reall" 8as a
b)nc+ of 3e"s n t+e $lace as descrbed1 t+o)&+ t dd not a$$ear t+at t+e
desred 'o2e'ent +ad ta3en $lace.
*
(tll1 f tele3ness9 be (as I +old) a
realt"1 s)c+ e#$er'ents as t+ese see'1 at an" rate1 a reasonable 8a" of
tr"n& to ac+e2e t.
One drecton1 at an" rate1 n 8+c+ a be&nnn& can be 'ade s t+e
attan'ent of control o2er ')scles not +abt)all" s)bDect to 8ll1 8+et+er
fro' ancestral ds)se1 or as belon&n& to t+e )nstr$ed or n2ol)ntar"9
t"$e. Varo)s 'o2e'ents of t+s 3nd 'a" be 'ade as t+e res)lt of
s)&&estonG and I 'a" add +ere t+at 8+en a defnte t"$e of acton s set
before se2eral +"$notsed s)bDects a s$rt of e')laton 8ll often carr"
t+e' far. % sn&)lar ll)straton of t+s 'a" be dra8n fro' t+e 2er"
$+eno'ena 8+c+ C+arcot )sed to cte n order to $ro2e an al'ost o$$oste
t+essGt+e t+ess1 na'el"1 t+at t+e s)bDect 8as an obedent a)to'aton1 and
t+at n order to $ro2e +"$noss1to de'onstrate le &rand +"$nots'e19 at
an" rate1t+ere ')st needs occ)r so'e ')sc)lar $+eno'ena nca$able of
ben& s')lated b" t+e s)bDect. %nd n effect1 n +s once fa'o)s t+ree
sta&es19 t+ere dd so'et'es occ)r certan ne)roC')sc)lar $+eno'ena
8+c+ no one n an ordnar" 8a3n& condton co)ld re$rod)ce. Yet t b" no
'eans follo8s +ence t+at t+ese are $+eno'ena ne2tabl" acco'$an"n& t+e
trance1 or n t+e'sel2es be"ond t+e ran&e of t+e s)bl'nal 8ll of t+e
s)bDect. On t+e contrar"1 I rat+er ta3e t+ese (al$OtrPre $+eno'ena as
s+o8n& )s +o8 ')c+ t+e s)bl'nal 8ll of entranced s)bDects s ca$able
of ac+e2n&. I bele2e t+at t+ese 8o'en #ished to be +"$notsed1 and
#ished to &o t+ro)&+ t+e classcal sta&es19 and #ished n t+e co)rse of
t+ese oftenCdescrbed sta&es to $erfor' e2ol)tons 8+c+ s+o)ld attract
ad'rn& attenton. 6+at one reall" sa8 e#+bted 8as not t+e $o8erf)l 8ll
of t+e +"$notser1 b)t t+e stll 'ore $o8erf)l 8ll of t+e +"sterc.
,,, . It s not ndeed n t+e (al$OtrPre sc+ool alone t+at t+ere +as been
')c+ conf)son of t+o)&+t as re&ards t+e 8llC$o8er and &eneral
nde$endence of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect It +as been s)$$osed t+at t+e 'ere
fact of ben& +"$notsed tended to 8ea3en t+e 8llG t+at t+e +"$notsed
$erson fell ne2tabl" 'ore and 'ore )nder t+e control of t+e +"$notser1
and e2en t+at +e co)ld at last be nd)ced to co''t cr'es +i,GON- b"
s)&&eston(see ,,, A ). % fe8 E)otatons fro' ,r. /lne Bra'8ell1 &2en
n ,,, B , 8ll s+o8 on +o8 s'all a fo)ndaton of fact t+ese fancf)l
t+eores +a2e been erected. It 'a" s)ffce to sa" +ere t+at not+n& s easer1
et+er for s)bDect or for +"$notser1 t+an to avert )nd)e nfl)ence. % tr)sted
frend +as onl" to s)&&est to t+e +"$notsed s)bDect t+at no one ese 8ll be
able to affect +'1 and t+e t+n& s done. %s to t+e cr'es s)$$osed to be
co''tted b" +"$notsed $ersons )nder t+e nfl)ence of s)&&eston1 t+e
e2dence for s)c+ cr'es1 n s$te of &reat efforts 'ade to collect t and set t
fort+1 re'ans1 I t+n31 $ractcall" ni.
T+s fact1 I ')st add1 s E)te n +ar'on" 8t+ t+e 2e8s e#$ressed n
t+e $resent c+a$ter. 4or t '$les t+at t+e +&+er s)bl'nal centres (so to
ter' t+e') ne2er reall" abdcate t+er r)leG t+at t+e" 'a" ndeed re'an
$ass2e 8+le t+e 'ddle centres obe" t+e e#$er'enter5s ca$rce1 b)t are
stll read" to res)'e t+er control f s)c+ e#$er'ent s+o)ld beco'e reall"
dan&ero)s to t+e nd2d)al. %nd t+s r)ns $arallel 8t+ co''on e#$erence
n t+e s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls's. T+e slee$er 'a" $erfor' a$$arentl"
ras+ e#$lotsG b)t "et1 )nless +e be s)ddenl" a8a3ened1 sero)s accdents are
2er" rare. !e2ert+eless1 bot+ n s$ontaneo)s and n nd)ced so'na'b)ls'1
accdents may occ)rG nor s+o)ld an" e#$er'ent be )nderta3en n a careless
or Destn& s$rt.
B)t t+e rble of t+e +"$notser1 as o)r co''and o2er +"$notc artfce
ncreases1 s l3el" to beco'e contn)all" s'aller n $ro$orton to t+e rble
$la"ed b" t+e s)bDect +'self. Es$ecall" ')st t+s be so 8+ere t+e obDect s
to stren&t+en t+e s)bDect5s o8n $o8er of 8ll. %ll t+at can be done fro'
#ithout n s)c+ a case s to 'b)e t+e 'an5s s$rt 8t+ t+e sense of ts
)ne#+a)sted $rero&at2es1t+e stren&t+ 8+c+ +e 'a" t+en e'$lo"1 not
onl" to a2ert $an or an#et"1 b)t n an" act2e drecton 8+c+ +s or&nal
nat)re tself ad'ts.
,,' . T+ese last 8ords 'a" nat)rall" lead )s on to o)r ne#t to$cJ t+e
nfl)ence of s)&&eston on character,on t+at f)ncton of co'bned
attenton and 8ll1 8+c+ s1 of co)rse1 also )lt'atel" a f)ncton of t+e
$ossbltes latent n t+e nd2d)al &er'.
%nd 8+le character s t+)s a co'$le# noton1 t+e effect on c+aracter of
s)&&eston and selfCs)&&eston see's at frst s&+t a noton at once too
co'$le# and too dff)sed for defnte treat'ent. %ll 'en endea2o)r to
nfl)ence c+aracter1 not ndeed +"$notcall"1 b)t "et b" s)c+ ntense
s)&&eston and selfCs)&&eston as t+e" can brn& to bear. /an" 'en1
'oreo2er1 tr)st for t+e '$ro2e'ent of c+aracter to anot+er nfl)ence1 not
eas" of dsc)sson +ere1 na'el"1 to $ra"er1to t+e ad of sants or of a
,2ne /edator1 or to t+e drect Grace of God. %nd "et a&an1 t+ese
rel&o)s or $+loso$+c creeds1 8+c+ '&+t +a2e been t+o)&+t to le
o)tsde '" $resent to$c1 are bro)&+t 8t+n t b" t+e confdence of 'an"
bele2ers n t+e effcac" of t+er fat+ to rele2e $+"scal as 8ell as 'oral ll.
T+ese creeds t+)s beco'e schemes o$ se$,suggestion,%of 8+c+ t s not
onl" le&t'ate b)t necessar" for 'e to &2e so'e acco)nt.
+i,GOO-
In a$$roac+n& t+s 'n&led 'atter t 8ll be 'ost con2enent (rec)rrn&
to t+e s)bDects alread" dsc)ssed fro' a so'e8+at dfferent $ont of 2e8 n
sectons ,(*K,31) to be&n 8t+ t+ose 'oral s)&&estons 8+c+ are
ob2o)sl" +"$notc1 and 8+c+ de2elo$ t+e'sel2es drectl" fro' so'e
t+era$e)tc $)r$ose1 as 8+en t+e s)&&eston to a2od 'or$+a leads to t+e
'oral refor' of t+e 'or$+no'anac. 4ro' t+e 'or$+no'anac or t+e
dr)n3ard t+e transton s eas" to t+e crimine,n; ,t+e a$$arentl" +o$eless
case of con&ental 'oral defcenc". %nd 8e 'a" t+en nE)re +o8 far t+e
cr)de 'oral st')l 8+c+ affect t+s e#tre'e t"$e of $+"scal and 'oral
dsaster can be best ele2ated nto a 'ore ntellect)al arcan be best
'odfed for t+e ad2anta&e of s)fferers 8+o can be reac+ed b" rel&o)s and
$+loso$+cal t+o)&+t1b" 8+at I +a2e called t+ose sc+e'es of selfC
s)&&eston9 8+c+ t+e &reat tradtons and t+e &reat conce$tons of o)r race
can alone s)$$l".
4rst of all1 t+en1 and &on& bac3 to t+e e2dence alread" &2en as to t+e
c)re of t+e 2ct's of 'or$+a (see ,30)1 8e 'a" sa" 8t+ tr)t+ t+at there
8e +a2e seen as tre'endo)s a 'oral i$tas s)dden an ele2aton fro' )tter
baseness to at least nor'al l2n&as can be an"8+ere $resented to )s. T+e
'or$+a +abt1 as s 8ell 3no8n1 lea2es absol)tel" no de$art'ent of
c+aracter )n$osoned. Co8ardce1 treac+er"1 callo)s selfCabsor$ton1s)c+
are t+e c+aracterstcs of t+e 'or$+no'anac1 e2en t+o)&+ $+"scal
e#+a)ston 'a" $recl)de t+e dr)n3ard5s 'ore act2e sns of 2olence or l)st.
In t+s sl'" dssol)ton of selfCres$ect t+ere see's to be not+n& on 8+c+
sa&e or e2an&elst can ta3e +old. Yet 8e +a2e seen +"$notc s)&&eston
effect t+e 'a&cal c+an&e1 and restore t+e de&raded o)tcast to a safe and
+ono)rable $oston a'on& +s fello8C'en.
-ere1 t+en1 t+e E)eston arses as to t+e $ossble ran&e of s)c+ s)dden
refor'atons. ,d 8e s)cceed 8t+ t+e 'or$+no'anac onl" beca)se +s
8as a $unctiona, and not an organic, de&radatonW 6e 3no81 ndeed1 t+at
8e can c)re a 'orbd condton of tss)e 8+ere 8e co)ld not rectf" a
con&ental dstorton or defect. /a" not t+e 'or$+no'anac5s state be a
3nd of chemica snf)lnessWa $osonn& of cells 8+c+ once f)nctoned
nor'all"1 and 8+c+ are ca$able of f)nctonn& nor'all" a&an1 f onl" t+e
$oson be re'o2edW
%nd 'a" t not be a ')c+ +arder tas3 to create +onest"1 $)rt"1
)nselfs+ness n a bran 8+ose 2er" confor'aton ')st 3ee$ t+e s$rt t+at
t+n3s t+ro)&+ t nearl" on t+e le2el of t+e br)teW T+e E)eston s of t+e
+&+est $s"c+olo&cal nterestG t+e ans8er1 t+o)&+ as "et r)d'entar"1 s
)ne#$ectedl" enco)ra&n&. T+e e#a'$les &2en n ,,' A s+o8 t+at f t+e
s)bDect s +"$notsable1 and f +"$notc s)&&eston be a$$led 8t+ s)ffcent
$ersstenc" and s3ll1 no de$t+ of $re2o)s baseness and fo)lness need
$re2ent t+e 'an or 8o'an 8+o' 8e c+ar&e 8t+ 'oral nsant"19 or
sta'$ as a cr'nalCborn19 fro' rsn& nto a state 8+ere +e or s+e can
8or3 steadl"1 and render ser2ces )sef)l to t+e co'')nt".
I $)r$osel" l't '" asserton to t+ese 8ords. 6e ')st stll 8or3 +i,
HPP- 8t+n t+e bo)nds of nat)ral ca$act". 7)st as 8e cannot '$ro2se a
&en)s1 8e cannot '$ro2se a sant. B)t 8+at e#$erence see's to s+o8 s
t+at 8e can seect fro' t+e lo8est and $oorest ran&e of feeln&s and
fac)ltes eno)&+ of so)nd feeln&1 eno)&+ of +el$f)l fac)lt"1 to 3ee$ t+e
'an n a $oston of 'oral stablt"1 and ca$able of falln& n 8t+ t+e
co''on labo)rs of +s 3nd.
6e can $rod)ce n t'e so'e8+at t+e sa'e sort of effect 8+c+ Rare"
and ot+ers +a2e $rod)ced ($er+a$s b" so'e8+at s'lar 'eans) )$on
+orses rendered )seless t+ro)&+ t+ose defects of stablt" 8+c+ n a +orse
8e call 2ce. Rare" effected a lfeClon& n+bton of t+ose eE)ne '$)lses
8+c+ 8ere ncon2enent to 'an. Eno)&+ of +orseC$o8er 8as left n t+e
+orse to render +' a +ar'less and tractable1 e2en f an ns$d1 co'$anon
and ser2ant n stable or +)ntn&Cfeld. Loo3n& to $arallel effects $rod)ced
n +)'an ben&s1 t 8ll be seen t+at I 8as D)stfed n sa"n& t+at +"$notc
s)&&eston +ad effected c+an&es of c+aracter n cases 8+c+ t+e ordnar"
ed)cator1 or t+e ordnar" 'ssonar"1 8o)ld +a2e dee'ed 'ost
)nfa2o)rable1 and n 8+c+ t+e co''on o$non of scence 8o)ld +a2e
stron&l" endorsed t+er des$arn& $ro&noss. T+e ad2anta&e &aned s &reat1
and s+o)ld not be for&otten b" cr'nolo&sts. B)t t s anot+er E)eston
8+et+er 8e s+all be D)stfed n concl)dn& t+at beca)se t+ese a$$arentl"
e#tre'e cases +a2e "elded to o)r treat'ent1 t+erefore a cases of 'oral
oblE)t" are l3el" so to "eld.
,,* . ()c+ an e#$ectaton s +ardl" le&t'ate 8t+o)t so'et+n& of
closer anal"ss. 6t+ no $retence at lo&c1 b)t 'erel" for t+e con2enence of
t+e $resent ar&)'ent1 8e 'a" d2de 3no8n fa)lts or sns nto t+e fo)r
follo8n& classesJ
*. Bodl" sns de$endn& on s$ecfc te'$taton1 as dr)n3enness1 &c.
T+ese1 as 8e +a2e seen1 can &enerall" be reac+ed b" s)&&eston
.. 4a)lts assocated 8t+ &ross con&ental defects of or&ans's. T+ese
also can be reac+ed n s)r$rsn& de&ree.
;. 4a)lts de$endn& on an id;e $i0e. 7ealo)s" s t+e t"$e of s)c+ a fa)lt.
%ll Dealo)s"1 8e 'a" sa"1 s 'orbdG t+at I s+o)ld +ate B. s'$l"
beca)se %. $refers B. to '"self s t+e rratonal res)lt of an nsstent
assocaton of deas 8+c+ a$$ro$rate s)&&eston +as so'et'es
de'ols+ed at a stro3e.
<. (ns delberatel" 'antaned for t+e s)$$osed ad2anta&e of t+e
snner.
!o8 t+e frst t+ree of t+ese are fa)lts fro' 8+c+ t+e afflcted $erson
&enerall"1 alt+o)&+ not al8a"s1 earnestl" desres to be free. T+e Dealo)s
$erson1 l3e t+e dr)n3ard1 can often reco&nse t+at beneat+ t+e 'orbd
nsstence t+ere s a strat)' of cool selfCre$ro2alGan deal of lfe 8t+ t+e
'orbd cra2n& re'o2ed. It s 8+ere t+at s)bDacent 8s+ for '$ro2e'ent
e#sts t+at s)&&eston can &et an adeE)ate +old (see ,,* A).
,,) . T+s last obser2aton affords a +nt as to t+e 3nd of 'oral fa)lts
+i,HPG- 8+c+ s)&&eston can be e#$ected to c)re. %s a 'atter of e#$erence
t+)s far1 8e fnd t+at t+e sns 8+c+ $o$)lar t+eolo&" attrb)tes to t+e fles+1
rat+er t+an t+ose 8+c+ are credted to t+e 8orld or to t+e de2l1 +a2e been
t+e readest to dsa$$ear. If 8e e#$and o)r defnton of t+e fles+ to ncl)de
not onl" fa)lts of selfCnd)l&ence b)t also fa)lts of slot+ and co8ardce on
t+e one +and1 and fa)lts of +astness and rascblt" on t+e ot+er1s)c+
faln&s as ob2o)sl" 2ar" 8t+ t+e state of t+e bodl" or&ans'18e s+all
ncl)de1 I t+n31 al'ost all attested 'oral c)res.
T+ere re'ans t+e $ourth class of sns1 na'el"1 sns delberatel"
'antaned for t+e s)$$osed ad2anta&e of t+e snner.
%re 8e to s)$$ose t+at t+e effect of s)&&eston s necessarl" l'ted to
t+e t+ree earler cate&oresW /)st 8e des$ar of reac+n& o)r $ourth class of
fa)lts1t+e dee$Cseated sns s)c+ as +ardness1 selfs+ness1 treac+er"1
s$rt)al $rdeW T+ere s no > priori reason for s)c+ a dstncton. -o8e2er
re'ote fro' t+e soCcalled fles+19 all 'oral fa)lts al3e 'a" $robabl" +a2e
so'e co)nter$art n t+e or&ans'G and1 f so1 all s+o)ld be 'odfable b" t+e
sa'e s)bl'nal attac3.
!or +a2e 8e an" e#$er'ental $roof t+at t+ese 8orldl" and de2ls+9
sns are not n fact ca$able of s'lar c)re b" s)&&eston. T+e absence of
notable c)res 'a" be s)ffcentl" e#$laned b" t8o facts1 alread" +nted at1
na'el"1 t+at t+e s)fferers fro' t+ese defects are seldo' an#o)s to +a2e
t+e' re'o2edG and t+at f t+e" are t+)s an#o)s t+e" are not l3el" to
cons)lt a $+"scan1 b)t rat+er to see3 s)$$ort of a drectl" 'oral or
rel&o)s 3nd.
T+e 'ental attt)de1 sa"1 of t+e fra)d)lent tr)stee s 2er" dfferent fro'
t+at of t+e d$so'anac. T+e d$so'anac feels +'self 8+oll" )ns)ted to
+s en2ron'entG beneat+ all +s 'orbd cra2n& t+e nstnct of selfC
$reser2aton bds +' to desst. T+e fra)d)lent 'an1 on t+e ot+er +and1 +as
n one sense ada$ted +'self 8t+ s$ecal s3ll to +s te'$orar"
en2ron'ent. I sa" +s te'$orar" en2ron'entGre2ertn& to t+e
co'$arson of 'an on eart+ to t+e lar2a1 of 'an after bodl" deat+ to t+e
'a&o. (elfs+ness1 +ardness1 treac+er" (as I +a2e sad) are l3e t+e cl)'$s
of stn&n& +ars 8t+ 8+c+ t+e cater$llar s $rotectedG and t+e selfs+ 'an
s l3e a cater$llar 8+c+ +as so de2elo$ed t+ose $rotect2e lar2al c+aracters
t+at t +as no ener&" left for transfor'aton nto t+e 'a&o.
6e cannot rec3on on an" nstnct of selfC$reser2aton to 'a3e +' 8s+
for c+an&e of c+aracterG alt+o)&+ 8e 'a" +o$e t+at n e2er" 'an so'e
s)bl'nal consco)sness of +s connecton 8t+ anot+er 8orld $erssts.
,,9 . %nd +ere 8e a$$roac+ a $ont of ')c+ nterest. -"$notc
s)&&eston or selfCs)&&eston1 alt+o)&+ t s an a&enc" n &reat $art
)ne#$laned1 s of co)rse not an a&enc" 8+c+ stands 8+oll" alone and
se$arate fro' all ot+er nfl)ences. It 'elts nto t+e s)ason of ordnar" lfeG
nto 'odes of nfl)ence 8+c+ 8ere $ractsed before +"$nots' 8as
drea't of. T+e $+"scan (as 8e +a2e seen) +as e#tended +s do'an b"
beco'n& a confessor and a co)nsellor as 8ellG +e +as )tlsed for 'oral
ends t+e a)t+ort" 8t+ 8+c+ +s scentfc 3no8led&e +as n2ested +'. +i,
HPH- B)t t+ere are alread" ot+er $ersons 8eldn& 8t+ a)t+ort" t+s s)as2e
$o8er1 and t s1 as I +a2e abo2e '$led1 to 'nsters of rel&on rat+er t+an
to $+"scans t+at a 'an t)rns 8+o s consco)s of sn rat+er t+an of dsease.
T+ere ')st of co)rse be a connecton bet8een all t+ese s)as2e
$rocesses. Can 8e fnd an" nter'edate nstancesGcases 8+ere rel&o)s
con2cton see's to be co'')ncated 8t+ t+e ra$dt" and decson of
+"$notc s)&&estonW
I need not sa" t+at t+ere are 'an" s)c+ nstances. 4ro' t+e r)de
an'stc dances and cere'ones of t+e sa2a&e )$ to t+e 'ssons9 and
re22als9 n En&ls+ and %'ercan c+)rc+es and c+a$els1 8e fnd s)dden
and e#ctn& '$ressons on 'nd and sense called nto $la" for t+e $)r$ose
of $rod)cn& rel&o)s and 'oral c+an&eG and so'et'es act)all" $rod)cn&
not onl"8+at fro' t+e analo&" of +"$notc s)&&eston see's
co'$arat2el" eas"a c+an&e of beie$, b)t also8+at s far +ardera
c+an&e of habits. %'on& t+e lo8er races es$ecall" t+ese e#ctn& re)nons
often n2ol2e bot+ +"stercal and +"$notc $+eno'ena. T+ere are so'et'es
con2)ls2e accessesG and t+ere s so'et'es t+e 'lder1 and $robabl"
8+oll" +ealt+"1 $+eno'enon of a dee$ restorat2e slee$1 o)t of 8+c+ t+e
an#o)s and re$entant neo$+"te a8a3es 8t+ a sense of settled con2cton
and of $eace. T+e nfl)ence 8+c+ +as been e#erted )$on +' s t+)s
nter'edate bet8een +"$notc artfce1 de$endent on tranceCstates for
access to s)bl'nal $lastct"1 and ordnar" 'oral s)ason1 addressed
$r'arl" to ordnar" 8a3n& reason.
T+s1 of co)rse1 s 8+at 8e ')st desreGt+at t+e seres of nfl)ences
s+o)ld t+)s be contn)o)sG t+at +"$nots' s+o)ld be re&arded as s'$l" a
s"ste'atsaton of artfces b" 8+c+ a 'an5s o8n selfCs)&&est2e $o8er1
t+e 8ll 8+c+ +e e#erts o2er +s o8n or&ans'1s+o)ld beco'e
contn)all" 'ore $otent for bot+ +s 'oral and +s $+"scal &ood.
,'0 . Let )s $a)se +ere to consder t+e $ont 8+c+ 8e +a2e alread"
reac+ed. 6e be&an b" defnn& +"$nots' as t+e e'$rcal de2elo$'ent of
t+e slee$n& $+ase of 'an5s $ersonalt". In t+at slee$n& $+ase t+e 'ost
cons$c)o)s ele'ent1t+e 'ost ob2o)s f)ncton of t+e s)bl'nal self1s
t+e re$ar of 8asted tss)es1 t+e $+"scal1 and t+erefore also lar&el" t+e
'oral1 refres+'ent and reD)2enaton of t+e tred or&ans'. 6e +a2e no8
traced t+e 'anner n 8+c+ t+at f)ncton +as been $erfor'ed n t+e +"$notc
state1 and b" s)&&eston and selfCs)&&eston. 6e +a2e fo)nd t+at t+e
$ro'sed de2elo$'ent of slee$ s a realt"G t+at 8e +a2e n +"$nots' a
2ertable e2ol)ton of t+ose rec)$erat2e ener&es 8+c+ &2e ts $ractcal
2al)e to slee$. 4ro' t+s sde1and t s fro' t+s sde onl" t+at t+e 'ass of
'en re&ard slee$1t+e case for +"$nots' s no8 farl" co'$leteG and t+s
lon& c+a$ter '&+t +ere dra8 to a close.
T+e reader1 +o8e2er1 3no8s t+at '" ntal $ro'se 8o)ld not n realt"
be t+)s f)lflled. /" o8n defnton of slee$1of t+e $+ase of $ersonalt"
8+c+ I )ndertoo3 t+at +"$nots' 8o)ld be fo)nd to de2elo$18as of
')c+ 8der sco$e. I bele2e t+at d)rn& slee$ t+e s)bl'nal +i,HPI- self +as
ot+er f)nctons be"ond t+e rec)$eraton of t+e or&ans'. T+ose ot+er
f)nctons are concerned n so'e )n3no8n 8a" 8t+ t+e s$rt)al 8orldG and
t+e ndcaton of t+er e#ercse s &2en b" t+e s$oradc occ)rrence1 n t+e
slee$n& $+ase1 of s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena. ()c+ $+eno'ena1 as 8e s+all
$resentl" see1 occ)r also at 2aro)s $onts n +"$notc $ractce. To t+e' 8e
')st no8 t)rn1 f o)r acco)nt of t+e $+eno'ena of nd)ced so'na'b)ls'
s to be co'$lete.
,'1 . Yet +ere1 n order to &2e co'$leteness to o)r ntended re2e81 8e
s+all need a certan a$$arent e#tenson of t+e sco$e of t+s c+a$ter. 6e s+all
need to consder a &ro)$ of cases 8+c+ '&+t +a2e been ntrod)ced at
2aro)s $onts n o)r sc+e'e1 b)t 8+c+ are $er+a$s rc+est n t+er
ll)stratons of t+e s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena of +"$nots'.
Spontaneous somnambuisms,t+ose cr)de )$r)s+es of nco+erent
s)bl'nal fac)lt" 8+c+ so'et'es brea3 t+ro)&+ t+e s)rface of slee$1
see' to occ)$" a 3nd of 'd8a" $oston a'on& t+e 2aro)s $+eno'ena
t+ro)&+ 8+c+ o)r nE)r" +as t+)s far carred )s.
T+e so'na'b)ls' often starts as an e#a&&erated drea'G t deveops
nto a 3nd of secondar" $ersonalt". T+e t+o)&+ts and '$)lses 8+c+ t+e
)$+ea2al rases nto 'anfestaton1t+e $s"c+cal o)t$)t1rese'ble
so'et'es t+e ns$ratons of &en)s1 so'et'es t+e folles of +"stera. %nd1
fnall"1 t+e s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& state tself s 'anfestl" a3n to
+"$noss1s so'et'es act)all" nterc+an&eable 8t+ t+e nd)ced
so'na'b)ls's of t+e +"$notc trance. T+e chain o$ memory 8+c+
re$eated s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls's &rad)all" for'18+le l"n& E)te
o)tsde t+e $r'ar" or 8a3n& 'e'or"18ll often be fo)nd to for' $art of
t+e hypnotic 'e'or"1 8+c+ &rad)all" accretes n s'lar fas+on fro'
re$eated +"$noss.
It 8o)ld be eas" to &o f)rt+er1 and to co'$are t+ese s)dden )$r)s+es of
t+e s)bl'nal d)rn& slee$ to t+ose )r&ent )$r)s+es n 8a3n& +o)rs 8+c+
8e s+all $resentl" +a2e to dsc)ss as sensor" and 'otor a)to'ats's. B)t
t+e reader 8ll alread" +a2e )nderstood t+e tr)e affntes of t+ese sn&)lar
ntercalatons n t+e )nfor't" of slee$G8ll alread" +a2e realsed t+at
s)c+ t+n&s needs ')st beGt+at t 8o)ld +a2e been stran&e ndeed f t+at
$+ase of t+e $ersonalt" n 8+c+ s)bl'nal o$eraton s relat2el" t+e 'ost
do'nant s+o)ld +a2e been 8t+o)t t+ose ns)r&ences or o)tbrea3s of t+e
s)bl'nal 8+c+ e2en t+e 'ost stren)o)s 8a3n& 2&lance cannot al8a"s
a2ert or control.
,'( . !or1 a&an1 8ll t s)r$rse )s to fnd t+ese slee$C8a3n&s fertle n
s)$ernor'al o$eraton1 t+o)&+ t be s)$ernor'al o$eraton scattered and
dff)sed )$on rando' and tr2al ends. 6+at s +ere t+ro8n fort+ co'es not
fro' t+e 'ne1 b)t fro' t+e 2olcanoG 8e +a2e not to deal 8t+ t+era$e)tc
res)lts ed)ced b" caref)l s)&&eston1 b)t 8t+ t+e 'scellaneo)s eDects of
so'e foc)s of s)b'er&ed e#ctaton. 4ro' 8+at +as been obser2ed n
s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls' (I +a2e alread" sad)1 8e '&+t +a2e d2ned
al'ost t+e f)ll ran&e of $+eno'ena to 8+c+ nd)ced so'na'b)ls' +i,
HPJ- +as no8 ntrod)ced )s. !a"1 e2en at t+e $resent da"1 t+e lessons of
s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls' are not e#+a)sted. T+e" s+o)ld teac+ )s stll to
8atc+ for f)rt+er de2elo$'entsG t+e" s+o)ld forbd )s to abandon1 n t+e
$lan )nfor't" of +"$notc $ractce1 o)r +o$e of so'e s)dden felcto)s
nroad )$on t+e 'ore secret fac)ltes of 'an.
,'3 . 4or one for' of slee$C8a3n& ca$act" 8e are alread" $re$ared b"
8+at +as been sad n C+a$ter IV. of t+e sol)ton of $roble's n slee$. T+s
s one of t+e 8a"s n 8+c+ 8e can 8atc+ t+e &rad)al 'er&n& of a 22d
drea' nto a defnte so'na'b)lc act. T+e sol)ton of a $roble' (as 8e
+a2e seen) 'a" $resent tself 'erel" as a sentence or a da&ra'1 constr)cted
n drea' and re'e'bered on 8a3n&. Or t+e slee$er (as n 2aro)s cases
fa'lar n te#tCboo3s) 'a" rse fro' bed and #rite out t+e c+an of
reasonn&1 or t+e ser'on1 or 8+ate2er t 'a" be. Or a&an1 n rarer cases
(Rac+el Ba3er9 s a c)ro)s e#a'$lesee ,'3 A ) t+e so'na'b)lc o)t$)t
'a" ta3e t+e for' of orator"1 and edf"n& dsco)rses 'a" be del2ered b" a
$reac+er 8+o' no a'o)nt of s+a3n& or $nc+n& 8ll slence or1 &enerall"1
e2en nterr)$t. T+s1 so to s$ea31 s &en)s 8t+ a 2en&eanceG t+s s a too
$ersstent )$r)s+ of s)bl'nal Neal1 coCo$eratn& e2en o)t of season 8t+
t+e +ortator" nstncts of t+e 8a3n& self.
,'+ . T+e &ro)$ of slee$C8a3n& cases 8+c+ 8e 'a" ne#t dsc)ss
ll)strate a nat)ral e2ol)ton of t+e fac)lt" of t+e slee$n& $+ase of
$ersonalt". T+e s)bl'nal self1 e#ercsn& n slee$ a $rofo)nder in$uence
o2er t+e or&ans' t+an t+e s)$ral'nal can e#ert1 'a" also be $res)'ed to
$ossess a $rofo)nder Bno#edge of t+e or&ans'1of ts $resent1 and
t+erefore of ts f)t)re1t+an t+e s)$ral'nal self enDo"s.
I refer n ,'+ A to t8o cases n 8+c+ t+e so'na'b)lc $ersonalt" s
dscerned t+ro)&+o)t as a 8ser selfad2sn& a treat'ent1 or at least
foreseen& f)t)re de2elo$'ents of t+e dsease 8t+ &reat $artc)lart". Of
co)rse n s)c+ a case $redcton s often s'$l" a for' of s)&&estonG t+e
s"'$to' occ)rs s'$l" beca)se t +as been ordaned before+and. In t+e
case of c)res of lon&Cstandn& dsease t+e sa&act" 8+c+ foresees $robabl"
coCo$erates 8t+ t+e control 8+c+ drects t+e c+an&es n t+e or&ans'.
,', . T+e ne#t sta&e s a 2er" '$ortant one. 6e co'e to t+e
'anfestaton n s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& states of 'anfestl" s)$ernor'al
$o8ers1so'et'es of tele$at+"1 b)t 'ore co''onl" of clar2o"ance or
telFst+esa. :nfort)natel" t+ese cases +a2e been1 as a r)le1 2er"
ns)ffcentl" obser2ed (see1 e.g., t+e case of /olle 4anc+er1 n (3' A ).
(tll1 t a$$ears t+at n s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls' t+ere s freE)entl" so'e
ndcaton of s)$ernor'al $o8ers1 t+o)&+ t+e obser2erse2en f co'$etent
n ot+er 8a"s+a2e &enerall" ne&lected to ta3e acco)nt of t+e
+"$erFst+esa and +e&+tenn& of 'e'or" and of &eneral ntell&ence t+at
often acco'$an" t+e state. I E)ote1 +o8e2er1 fro' ,r. ,)fa" (n ,', A ) a
case 8+c+ does not see' o$en to t+ese obDectons1 and &2e so'e
references to ot+er cases.
,'' . Before lea2n& t+s s)bDect of s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& states1 +i,
HPK- I o)&+t brefl" to 'enton a for' of trance 8t+ 8+c+ 8e s+all +a2e to
deal 'ore at len&t+ n a later c+a$ter. I s$ea3 of trance ascrbed to spirit,
possession. %s 8ll be seen1 I '"self f)ll" ado$t t+s e#$lanaton n a s'all
n)'ber of t+e cases 8+ere t s $)t for8ard. Yet I do not t+n3 t+at s$rtC
a&enc" s necessarl" $resent n all t+e trances e2en of a tr)e s)bDect of
$ossesson. 6t+ all t+e leadn& senst2es8t+ ,. ,. -o'e1 8t+ (tanton
/oses1 8t+ /rs. P$er and ot+ersI t+n3 t+at t+e de$t+ of t+e trance +as
2ared &reatl" on dfferent occasons1 and t+at so'et'es t+e s)bl'nal self
of t+e senst2e s 2a&)el" s')latn&1 $robabl" n an )nconsco)s drea'C
l3e 8a"1 an e#ternal ntell&ence. T+s +"$ot+ess s)&&ested tself to se2eral
obser2ers n t+e case es$ecall" of ,. ,. -o'e1 8t+ 8+o' t+e 'o'ents of
stron& c+aractersaton of a de$arted $ersonalt"1 t+o)&+ far fro' rare1 8ere
"et scattered a'on& tracts of drea'" '$ro2saton 8+c+ s)&&ested onl"
t+e )tterance of -o'e5s s)bl'nal self (see C+a$ter I0.). -o8e2er 8e
c+oose to nter$ret t+ese trances1 t+e" s+o)ld be 'entoned n co'$arson
8t+ all t+e ot+er slee$8a3n& states. T+e" $robabl" for' t+e best transton
bet8een t+ose s+allo8 so'na'b)ls's1 on t+e one +and1 8+c+ are lttle
'ore t+an a 22d drea'1 and t+ose $rofo)nd trances1 on t+e ot+er +and1 n
8+c+ t+e nat2e s$rt E)ts1 as nearl" as 'a" be1 t+e senst2e5s or&ans'1
and s for t+e t'e re$laced1 as nearl" as 'a" be1 b" an n2adn& s$rt fro'
t+at )nseen 8orld.
,'* . T+s bref re2e8 of nonC+"$notc so'na'b)ls's +as not been
8t+o)t ts lessons. It +as s+o8n )s t+at t+e s)$ernor'al $o8ers 8+c+ 8e
+a2e traced n eac+ of t+e $recedn& c+a$ters n t)rn do also s+o8
t+e'sel2es1 n ')c+ t+e sa'e fas+on1 n s$ontaneo)s slee$C8a3n& states
of 2aro)s t"$es. 6e ')st no8 nE)re +o8 far t+e" occ)r n slee$8a3n&
states e#$er'entall" nd)ced.
%nd +ere t+e 2er" fact of induction s)&&ests to )s a E)eston s$ecall"
a$$lcable to t+e +"$notc state tself. Is +"$noss e2er s)$ernor'all"
nd)cedW Can an" one1 t+at s to sa"1 be t+ro8n nto +"$notc trance b" a
tele$at+c '$actW or1 to $+rase t 'ore &enerall"1 b" an" nfl)ence1
ne#$lcable b" e#stn& scence1 8+c+ 'a" $ass fro' 'an to 'anW
T+e E)eston 8+c+ I t+)s attac3 at a co'$arat2el" late $ont of '"
dsc)sson +as &2en rse to 'ore of +eated contro2ers" t+an an" ot+er n t+e
+stor" of '" s)bDect. % battle 8+c+ see'ed nternecne ra&ed for "ears
bet8een t+e $artsans of 'es'erc effl)ence19 on t+e one +and1 and t+e
$artsans of a $)rel" $+"solo&cal or a $)rel" s)&&est2e9 ca)saton of
+"$noss on t+e ot+er. T+e 2ctor" &rad)all" fell to t+e latter of t+ese
&ro)$s1 and 8+en Ed')nd G)rne" and I frst 8rote on +"$nots'1 so'e
t8ent" "ears a&o1 +ardl" a sn&le +"$notst s)$$orted )s n o)r E)eston as
to t+e real dsco'ft)re of t+e old1 or 'es'erc19 +"$ot+ess.
I do not sa" t+at e2en no8 ')c+ c+an&e +as occ)rred n t+e t+en &eneral
o$non. Yet effl)# of t'e1 and certan consderatons set fort+ n earler
sectons of t+s c+a$ter1 'a" no8 enable )s to a certan e#tent to see ro)nd
t+e for'er contro2ers"1 to concede to eac+ sde t+e establs+'ent +i,HPL- of
certan defnte t+eses1 and to s)&&est l'tatons of t+e feld stll o$en to
ds$)te.
In t+e frst $lace one 'a" sa" t+at of t+e antC'es'erc sc+ools of
o$non1 t+e $)rel" $+"solo&cal9 sc+ool +as on t+e 8+ole faled1 t+e
$)rel" s)&&est2e9 sc+ool +as tr)'$+antl" s)cceeded. T+e sc+ool of
!anc"1 renforced b" +"$notsts all o2er E)ro$e1 +as ab)ndantl" $ro2ed t+at
$)re s)&&eston9 (8+ate2er t+at be) s t+e deter'nn& ca)se of a 2er"
lar&e $ro$orton of +"$notc $+eno'ena. T+at s be"ond ds$)teG and t+e
t8o ot+er sc+ools1 t+e $)re $+"solo&sts9 and t+e 'es'ersts9 al3e1 ')st
no8 'ana&e to $ro2e as best t+e" can t+at t+er fa2o)rte 'et+ods $la" an"
real $art n t+e nd)cton of an" case of +"$noss. 4or to t+e $)re
s)&&estonst1 'onotono)s st')laton and 'es'erc $asses are al3e n
t+e'sel2es nert1 are al3e 'ere facltatons of s)&&eston1 actn& not
drectl" on t+e $atent5s or&ans'1 b)t rat+er on +s state of 'ental
e#$ectaton.
I re$l" t+at t+ere s absol)tel" no need to &o as far as t+s. In ad'ttn&
s)&&eston as a vera causa of +"$noss1 8e are reco&nsn& a ca)se 8+c+1 f
8e reall" tr" to &ras$ t1 resol2es tself nto subimina operation, brought
about #e Bno# not ho#. (o far1 t+erefore1 fro' ne&at2n& and e#cl)dn&
an" obsc)re and $er+a$s s)$ernor'al a&enc"1 t+e s)&&eston t+eor" lea2es
t+e 8a" for an" s)c+ a&enc" broadl" o$en. (o'e )n3no8n ca)se or ot+er
')st deter'ne 8+et+er eac+ s)&&eston s to ta3e9 or noG and t+at
)n3no8n ca)se ')st $res)'abl" act so'e+o8 )$on t+e s)bl'nal self. 6e
s+o)ld +a2e so'et+n& l3e a real e#$lanaton of s)&&eston1 f 8e co)ld
s+o8 t+at a s)&&eston5s s)ccess or fal)re 8as ln3ed 8t+ so'e tele$at+c
'$act fro' t+e s)&&ested 'nd1 or 8t+ so'e 'es'erc effl)ence fro' +s
$erson.
I 3no8 8ell t+at n 'an" cases 8e can establs+ no ln3 of t+s 3nd. In
Bern+e'5s ra$d +os$tal $ractce t+ere see's no o$$ort)nt" to brn& t+e
+"$notst5s 8ll1 or t+e +"$notser5s or&ans'1 nto an" effect2e rapport
8t+ t+e s)bDect. Rat+er1 t+e s)bDect see's to do all t+at s 8anted for
+'self al'ost nstantaneo)sl". -e often falls nto t+e s)&&ested sl)'ber
al'ost before t+e 8ord *orme3! +as left t+e $+"scan5s 'o)t+. B)t on
t+e ot+er +and1 t+s s b" no 'eans t+e onl" t"$e of +"$notc s)ccess. 7)st as
n t+e 'es'erc da"s1 so also no8 t+ere are contn)al nstances 8+ere ')c+
'ore t+an t+e 'ere co''and +as been needed for effect2e +"$notsaton.
Persstence1 $ro#'t"1 $assesall t+ese $ro2e needf)l stll n t+e $ractce
e2en of $+"scans 8+o $lace no fat+ at all n t+e old 'es'erc t+eor".
,') . T+e fact s1 t+at snce t+e da"s of t+ose old contro2erses bet8een
'es'ersts $ro$er and +"$notsts $ro$er1 t+e condtons of t+e contro2ers"
+a2e &reatl" c+an&ed. T+e s)$$osed 'es'erc effl)ence 8as t+en treated as
an entrel" solated1 "et an entrel" $+"solo&cal $+eno'enon. T+ere 8as
s)$$osed to be a 3nd of radaton or nfecton $assn& fro' one ner2o)s
s"ste' to anot+er. It 8as of t+s t+at C)2er (for nstance) +i,HPM- 8as
con2ncedG t 8as t+s t+eor" 8+c+ Ellotson defended n t+e Soist 8t+ a
8ealt+ of ll)straton and ar&)'ent to 8+c+ lttle D)stce +as e2en "et been
done. Yet t 8as +ard to $ro2e e$$uence as o$$osed to suggestion, beca)se
8+ere t+ere 8as $ro#'t" eno)&+ for effl)ence to be effect2e t+ere 8as
also $ro#'t" eno)&+ for s)&&eston to be $ossble. Onl" n so'e fe8
crc)'stances1s)c+ as Esdale5s 'es'ersaton of a blnd 'an o2er a
8all1
*
8as t $ossble to cla' t+at t+e 'es'erc trance +ad been nd)ced
8t+o)t an" s)s$con 8+ate2er on t+e s)bDect5s $art t+at t+e 'es'erst 8as
tr"n& to entrance +'.
(nce t+ose da"s1 +o8e2er1 t+e e2dence for teepathyfor $s"c+cal
nfl)ence fro' a dstance+as &ro8n to &oodl" $ro$ortons. % ne8 for' of
e#$er'ent +as been fo)nd $ossble1 fro' 8+c+ t+e nfl)ence of s)&&eston
can be entrel" e#cl)ded. It +as no81 as I s+all $resentl" tr" to s+o81 been
act)all" $ro2ed t+at t+e +"$notc trance can be nd)ced fro' a dstance so
&reat1 and 8t+ $reca)tons so co'$lete1 t+at tele$at+" or so'e s'lar
s)$ernor'al nfl)ence s t+e onl" effcent ca)se 8+c+ can be conce2ed.
I s)bDon a seres of e#$er'ents n t+s tele$at+c +"$nots'19 n one
of t+e best of 8+c+ (,r. Gbert5s1 see ,') A) I +ad t+e &ood fort)ne to ta3e
a $art. T+ese e#$er'ents are not eas" to 'ana&e1 snce t s essental at
once to $re2ent t+e s)bDect fro' s)s$ectn& t+at t+e e#$er'ent s ben&
tred1 and also to $ro2de for +s safet" n t+e e2ent of ts s)ccess. In ,r.
Gbert5s e#$er'ent1 for nstance1 t 8as a res$onsble 'atter to brn& t+s
elderl" 8o'an n +er drea'Cl3e state t+ro)&+ t+e streets of -a2re. It 8as
needf)l to $ro2de +er 8t+ an )nnotced escortG and1 n fact1 se2eral $ersons
+ad to de2ote t+e'sel2es for so'e +o)rs to a sn&le e#$er'ent.
,'9 . I +a2e cted frst t+s lon& seres of e#$er'ents at a dstance1
8t+o)t atte'$tn& to anal"se t+e nat)re of t+e s)&&eston &2en or $o8er
e'$lo"ed b" t+e +"$notst. Of co)rse t s $lan t+at f one can t+)s
nfl)ence )ne#$ectant $ersons fro' a dstance1 t+ere ')st be so'et'es
so'e 3nd of $o8er act)all" e#ercsed b" t+e +"$notserGso'et+n&
be"ond t+e 'ere tact and '$ress2eness of address1 8+c+ s all t+at
Bern+e' and +s follo8ers ad't or cla'. E2dence of t+s +as been
afforded b" t+e occasonal $rod)cton of or&anc and ot+er effects n
+"$notsed s)bDects b" t+e )n)ttered 8ll of t+e o$erator 8+en near t+e'.
T+e n&eno)s e#$er'ents of G)rne" . ,'9 A / n t+e $rod)cton of local
r&dt" and anFst+esa 8ere )nderta3en to test 8+et+er t+e a&enc"
e'$lo"ed 8ere 'ore n t+e nat)re of an effort of 8ll or1as t+e earl"
'es'ersts cla'ed1of an e'sson of act)al 'es'erc fl)d9 or $+"scal
effl)ence of so'e sort. G)rne" 8as nclned to t+n3 t+at +s res)lts co)ld
not be e#$laned solel" b" 'ental s)&&eston or tele$at+"1 beca)se t+e
$+"scal $ro#'t" of t+e o$erator5s +and see'ed necessar" to $rod)ce
t+e'1 and +e t+o)&+t t $robable t+at t+e" 8ere d)e to a drect ner2o)s
nfl)ence1 e#ercsed t+ro)&+ t+e +and +i,HPN- of t+e o$erator1 b)t not
$erce$tble t+ro)&+ t+e ordnar" sensor" c+annels. /rs. (d&8c35s
e#$er'ents of t+e sa'e 3nd1 +o8e2er . ,'9 B /1 n 8+c+ s)ccess 8as
obtaned 8+en t+e o$erator 8as standn& 8t+ folded ar's se2eral feet a8a"
fro' t+e s)bDect1 re'o2ed G)rne"5s 'an obDecton to t+e tele$at+c
e#$lanaton. T+e fact t+at a t+c3 s+eet of &lass o2er t+e s)bDect5s +ands dd
not nterfere 8t+ t+e res)lts also afforded so'e $res)'$ton a&anst t+e
+"$ot+ess of a $+"scal nfl)enceG and /rs. (d&8c3 $onted o)t t+at t+e
delcate dscr'naton n2ol2ed n t+e s$ecfc l'tatons of t+e effects s
')c+ 'ore easl" attrb)table to 'ental s)&&eston1 t+ro)&+ t+e acton of
t+e o$erator5s 'nd on t+at of t+e s)bDect1 t+an to an" drect $+"scal
nfl)ence on t+e latter5s ner2es. 4ollo8n& t+ese acco)nts1 I refer brefl" (n
,'9 C ) to e#$er'ents n t+e soCcalled slent 8lln&19 freE)entl" $ractsed
b" t+e earl" 'es'ersts. I 'a" 'enton t+at /r. -. (. T+o'$son1 8+o
f&)res lar&el" n t+er records1 8as a &entle'an of +&+ c+aracter1 act2e
bene2olence1 and 'ar3ed ablt". I ne2er sa8 +' '"selfG b)t I +a2e 3no8n
2aro)s $ersons (so'e of t+ese +s o8n relatons) n t+e Yor3s+re co)nt"
socet" of t+at date1 and +s $o8ers 8ere t+ere )n2ersall" reco&nsed as
&en)ne1 alt+o)&+ t+e" 8ere so'et'es re&arded 8t+ socal dsa$$ro2al1 or
e2en 8t+ s)$erstto)s +orror.
/r. -. (. T+o'$son5s +stor" s to '" 'nd a real $roof t+at so'e one
nd2d)al 'an 'a" be endo8ed for +"$notc effcac" n a E)te e#ce$tonal
8a". -s e#$erence1 ndeed1 &oes far to $ro2e t+e realt" of slent 8lln&9
and 8as t+o)&+t b" +'self to $ro2e also t+e drect local nfl)ence of
$asses1t+e 'es'erc effl)ence9 t+eor".
,*0 . 6t+ all o)r later e2dence n 2e81 +o8e2er18t+ so ')c+ $roof
of a trans'sson fro' 'an to 'an of so'et+n& 8+c+ needs no acton of
t+e fn&erCt$s1t 8o)ld be nat)ral ndeed to ds'ss t+at noton alto&et+er1
as a frst r)de t+eor" 8+c+ 8der 3no8led&e +ad s+o8n to be needless.
!eedless t s1 n t+e sense t+at 8e co)ld $la)sbl" refer to 'ere s)&&eston
all t+e sensatons 8+c+ s)bDects +a2e alle&ed as acco'$an"n& t+e $assesG
as follo8n& t+e trac31 so to sa"1 of t+e 'es'ersn& +and. If t+e effl)ence
8ere so'et+n& n tself 'onstro)sl" '$robable1 8e '&+t t+n3 t needf)l
to nter$ret t+e e2dence n t+s 8a". B)t snce1 n '" 2e81 t s b" no
'eans '$robable t+at effl)ences1 as "et )n3no8n to scence1 b)t
$erce$tble b" senst2e $ersons as t+e tele$at+c '$)lse s $erce$tble1
s+o)ld radate fro' l2n& +)'an or&ans's1 I see no reason to ass)'e t+at
t+e 2ared and concordant state'ents 'ade b" $atents n t+e Soist and earl"
'es'erc 8or3s 'erel" reflect s)bDect2e fances. I +a2e '"self $erfor'ed
and 8tnessed e#$er'ents on ntell&ent $ersons e#$ressl" des&ned to test
8+et+er or no t+e sensaton follo8n& t+e +and 8as a 'ere fanc". It see's
to 'e +ardl" l3el" t+at $ersons 8+o +a2e ne2er e#$erenced ot+er $)rel"
s)bDect2e sensatons1 and 8+o are e#$ressl" al2e to t+e E)eston +ere at
ss)e1 s+o)ld ne2ert+eless a&an and a&an feel t+e classcal tn&ln&1 &c.1
alon& t+e trac3 of +i,HPO- t+e +"$notser5s $asses 8t+o)t an" real e#ternal
ca)se. To ass)'e t+at all 8+c+ t+e" feel s a 'ere res)lt of s)&&eston 'a"
be a $re'at)re atte'$t at s'$lf"n& 'odes of s)$ernor'al
co'')ncaton 8+c+1 n fact1 are $robabl" not s'$ler b)t 'ore co'$le#
t+an an" dea 8+c+ 8e +a2e as "et for'ed of t+e'.
,*1 . %nd +ere at last 8e arr2e at 8+at s n realt" t+e 'ost nterestn&
&ro)$ of nE)res connected 8t+ t+e +"$notc trance.
6e +a2e D)st seen t+at t+e s)bl'nal state of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect
'a" be a$$roac+ed b" 8a"s s)btler t+an 'ere 2erbal s)&&estonb"
tele$at+c '$acts and $er+a$s b" so'e effl)ence of 3ndred s)$ernor'al
t"$e. 6e +a2e no8 to trace t+e s)$ernor'al ele'ents n t+e +"$notc
response. 6+et+er t+ose ele'ents are 'ost readl" e#cted b" a drectl"
s)bl'nal a$$eal1 or 8+et+er t+e" de$end 'anl" on t+e s$ecal $o8ers
nnate n t+e +"$notsed $erson1 8e can as "et b)t '$erfectl" &)ess. 6e
can be $rett" s)re1 at an" rate1 t+at t+e" are not often e2o3ed n ans8er to
an" ra$d and1 so to sa"1 $erf)nctor" +"$notc s)&&estonG t+e" do not s$rn&
)$ n 'scellaneo)s +os$tal $ractceG t+e" need an ed)caton and a
de2elo$'ent 8+c+ s +ardl" besto8ed on one +"$notsed s)bDect n a
+)ndred. T+e frst sta&e of t+s res$onse les n a s)bl'nal relaton
establs+ed bet8een t+e s)bDect and +s +"$notser1 and 'anfestn& tself n
8+at s called rapport, or n community o$ sensation. T+e earler sta&es of
rapportcondtons 8+en t+e s)bDect a$$arentl" +ears or feels t+e
+"$notser onl"1 and so fort+arse $robabl" fro' 'ere selfCs)&&eston or
fro' t+e s)&&estons of t+e o$erator (see ,*1 A) ca)sn& t+e consco)s
attenton of t+e s)bDect to be e#cl)s2el" drected to +'. Indcatons of t+e
$ossble de2elo$'ent of a real ln3 bet8een t+e t8o $ersons 'a" rat+er be
fo)nd n t+e cases 8+ere t+ere s $ro2able co'')nt" of sensaton1t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect tastn& or feeln& 8+at t+e +"$notser ()n3no8n to t+e
s)bDect) does act)all" at t+at 'o'ent taste or feel. Of t+s t+ere 8as much
e2dence n t+e $al'" da"s of Esdale and Ellotson1 8+en $s"c+olo&cal
e#$er'ent 8as $)rs)ed re&ardless of t'e or tro)bleG t+ere s some
e2dence of o)r o8n recent collectn& (see ,*1 B)G and t+ere 8ll be1 I
2ent)re to sa"1 $ar more e2dence so soon as t+e st)d" of +"$nots'
de2ol2es )$on t+e $s"c+olo&st1 8t+o)t t+erefore ben& deserted b" t+e
$+"scan. It ')st be obser2ed1 +o8e2er1 t+at n e#$er'ents of t+s 3nd
8t+ +"$notsed $ersons1 t+e +"$notst 8as &enerall"f not n2arabl"
t+e onl" $erson 8+o atte'$ted to $la" t+e $art of a&ent1 so t+at t+e e2dence
of a s$ecal relaton bet8een +' and +s s)bDect s nconcl)s2e. %nd n t+e
s'lar e#$er'ents 8t+ nonC+"$notsed $ersons1 E)oted n ,*1 C1 se2eral
dfferent a&ents 8ere s)ccessf)l n transferrn& sensatons to t+e sa'e
$erc$ents.
,*( . 6e +a2e t+)s bro)&+t t+e +"$notsed s)bDect )$ to t+e $ont of
3no8n& s)$ernor'all"1 at an" rate1 t+e s)$erfcal sensatons of +s
+"$notser. 4ro' t+at startn&C$ont1or1 at an" rate1 front so'e
s)$ernor'al $erce$ton of narro8 ran&e1+s co&nton 8dens and +i,HGP-
dee$ens. -e 'a" see' to dscern so'e $ct)re of t+e $ast1 and 'a" retrace
t+e +stor" of so'e obDect 8+c+ +e +olds n +s +and1 or +e 'a" see' to
8ander n s$rt o2er t+e +abtable &lobe1 and to brn& bac3 3no8led&e of
$resent facts dscernble b" no ot+er 'eans. Per+a$s +e see's to be+old t+e
f)t)re1 $redctn& oftenest t+e or&anc +stor" of so'e $erson near +'G b)t
so'et'es dscernn&1 as t 8ere $ctorall"1 scattered e2ents to 8+c+ 8e
can &)ess at no attanable cl)e. 4or all t+s t+ere s alread" 'ore of $ost2e
e2dence t+an s &enerall" realsedG nor (I ')st re$eat) s t+ere an" negative
e2dence 8+c+ '&+t lead )s to do)bt t+at f)rt+er care n de2elo$n&
+"$notc s)bDects 'a" not at an" 'o'ent be re8arded n t+e sa'e 8a". 6e
+a2e +ere1 n fact1 a s)ccessf)l branc+ of n2est&aton 8+c+ +as of late
"ears been $ractcall" dro$$ed fro' 'ere nattenton to 8+at +as been done
alread"1'ere d2erson of effort to t+e easer and 'ore $ractcal tr)'$+s
of s)&&est2e t+era$e)tcs.
I be&n 8t+ t8o cases $artl" retroco&nt2e1 n ,*( A and B.
,*3 . T+e ne#t &ro)$ of cases to 8+c+ I $ass relate c+efl" to
3no8led&e of $resent facts. I $lace frst so'e e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tC
transference 8t+ +"$notsed $ersons . ,*3 A / analo&o)s to t+e
e#$er'ents 8t+ $ersons n a nor'al condton recorded n '" ne#t
c+a$ter. -ere t+e s)bDect see's s'$l" to beco'e a8are tele$at+call" of
t+e t+o)&+ts of +s +"$notser1 t+e +"$notc condton $er+a$s facltatn&
t+e transfer of t+e '$resson. !e#t co'e t+e cases of 8+at )sed to be called
tra2elln& clar2o"ance9 n t+e +"$notc state. T+ese are 'ore l3e t+e
$artall" retroco&nt2e cases n t+at t+e" cannot be traced 8t+ certant" to
t+e conte'$orar" t+o)&+ts of an" $artc)lar $erson1 t+o)&+ t+e" 2er" rarel"
relate to facts )n3no8n to an" one (as n /aDor B)c3le"5s cases1 ,*3 E ). In
tra2elln& clar2o"ance 8e see' to +a2e a de2elo$'ent of n2as2e
drea's19of t+ose 2sons of t+e n&+t n 8+c+ t+e slee$er see's to 2st
dstant scenes and to brn& bac3 ntell&ence ot+er8se )nattanable. T+ese
dstant +"$notc 2sons see' to de2elo$ o)t of t+o)&+tCtransferenceG t+)s
t+e s)bDect 'a" dscern an 'a&nar" $ct)re as t s conce2ed n t+e
+"$notser5s 'nd (e.g. n ,*3 A ). T+ence +e 'a" $ass on and dscern a tr)e
conte'$oraneo)s scene (e.g. n ,*3 B , C , and D )1 )n3no8n to an" one
$resent1 and n so'e fe8 cases t+ere s an ele'ent of a$$arent $re2son n
t+e '$resson . ,*3 F /.
,*+ . O)r s)r2e" of t+at '$ortant1 t+o)&+ nc+oate1 a$$eal to t+e
s)bl'nal self 8+c+ $asses )nder t+e na'e of +"$nots' s no8 nearl" as
co'$leten ts bref s3etc+" for'as t+e $resent state of 3no8led&e
$er'ts. I +a2e traced t+e nce$ton of t+e 'es'erc or +"$notc $rocessesG I
+a2e follo8ed o)t n bot+ drectons t+e de2elo$'ent of t+e slee$n& $+ase
of $ersonalt" 8+c+ +"$nots' n2ol2es. In t+e frst $lace1 I +a2e ll)strated
t+e +"$notc e#tenson of t+at re&enerat2e or 22f"n& $o8er 8+c+ t+e
s)bl'nal self +abt)all" 'anfests n slee$. In t+e second $lace1 I +a2e
ndcated t+e stll 'ore '$ortant +"$notc de2elo$'ent of t+at &reater
detac+'ent1 t+at s)$ernor'al fac)lt"1 8+c+ also t+e s)bl'nal +i,HGG- self
+as been fo)nd n t+e 2sons of sl)'ber not rarel" to ds$la".
-ere1 t+en1 '" re2e8 of +"$nots' '&+t not )nftl" closeG and I '&+t
2ent)re to +o$e t+at I +ad 8elded 'an" scattered and obsc)re $+eno'ena
nto at least so'et+n& 'ore of a$$arent )nt" t+an $re2o)s 8rters +a2e
ac+e2ed.
%nd "et fro' '" $ont of 2e8attac+n& to +"$nots' t+e &ra2e
'$ortance 8+c+ +as +ere been attac+ed to tone lne of reflecton see's
stll lac3n& before 8e can $ass on 8t+ satsfacton to anot+er to$c.
I +a2e atte'$ted to trace t+e ne2table rise of +"$nots'ts necessar"
de2elo$'ent o)t of t+e s$ontaneo)s $+eno'ena 8+c+ $receded and 8+c+
'&+t so nat)rall" +a2e s)&&ested t. I +a2e s+o8n1 ne2ert+eless1 ts al'ost
accdental ntaton1 and t+en ts ra$d de2elo$'ent n 8a"s 8+c+ no sn&le
e#$er'enter +as e2er been able to correlate or to foresee. I a' bo)nd to sa"
so'et+n& f)rt+er as to ts $ros$ect n t+e f)t)re. % s"ste'atc a$$eal to t+e
dee$er $o8ers n 'anconce2ed 8t+ t+e &eneralt" 8t+ 8+c+ I +a2e
+ere conce2ed tcannot re'an a 'ere a$$ana&e of 'edcal $ractce. It
')st be ftted on n so'e 8a" to t+e 8+ole sero)s lfe of 'anG t ')st
$resent tself to +' as a de2elo$'ent of fat+s and nstncts 8+c+ le
alread" dee$ n +s +eart. In ot+er 8ords t+ere ')st needs be so'e scheme
o$ se$,suggestion,so'e &eneral t+eor" 8+c+ can &2e t+e nd2d)al a
bass for +s a$$eal1 8+et+er +e re&ards t+at a$$eal as drected to an
ntell&ence o)tsde +'self or to +s o8n n+erent fac)ltes and nfor'n&
so)l. T+ese +el$s to t+e $o8er of &eneralsatonto t+e feeln& of
confdence8e ')st consder no8.
,*, . T+e sc+e'es of selfCs)&&eston 8+c+ +a2e act)all" been fo)nd
effect2e +a2e co2ered1 not )nnat)rall"1 a ran&e as 8de as all t+e
s)$erstton and all t+e rel&on of 'en. T+at s to sa"1 t+at eac+ for' of
s)$ernat)ral belef n t)rn +as been )tlsed as a 'eans of sec)rn& t+at
)r&entl"Cneeded te'$oral blessn&relef fro' $+"scal $an. 6e see t+e
sa'e tendenc" r)nnn& t+ro)&+ fetc+stc1 $ol"t+estc1 'onot+estc for's
of belef. Be&nnn& 8t+ fetc+stc $eo$les1 8e obser2e t+at charms of
2aro)s 3nds1nert obDects1 arbtrar" &est)res1 'eann&less 8ords1+a2e
$robabl" been act)all" t+e 'ost &eneral 'eans 8+c+ o)r race +as
e'$lo"ed for t+e c)re of dsease. 6e 3no8 +o8 lon& so'e for's of
$r't2e belef $erssted n 'edcne1as1 for e#a'$le1 t+e doctrne of
iBenesses, or t+e c)re of a dsease b" so'e obDect s)$$osed to rese'ble ts
leadn& s"'$to'. 6+at s1 +o8e2er1 e2en 'ore re'ar3able s t+e effcac"
8+c+ c+ar's stll contn)e n so'e cases to $ossess1 e2en 8+en t+e" are
8orn 'erel" as an e#$er'ent n selfCs)&&eston b" a $erson 8+o s
$erfectl" 8ell a8are of t+er ntrnsc f)tlt". T+e e#$er'ents on t+s
s)bDect1 &2en n ,*, A 1 see' to s+o8 t+at t+e 'ere contn)al contact of
so'e s'all )nfa'lar obDect 8ll often act as a re'nder to t+e s)bl'nal
self1 and 3ee$1 at an" rate1 so'e ner2o)s dst)rbances n c+ec3. :ntl one
reads t+ese 'odern e#a'$les1 one can +ardl" realse +o8 +i,HGH- 2ertabl"
$otent for &ood 'a" +a2e been t+e sa2a&e a')let1 t+e sa2a&e ncantaton.
,*' . T+e transton fro' fetc+stc to $ol"t+estc conce$tons of c)re
s1 of co)rse1 a &rad)al one. It 'a" be sad to be&n 8+en c)rat2e $ro$ertes
are ascrbed to obDects not arbtrarl"1 nor on acco)nt of t+e ooB of t+e
obDects t+e'sel2es1 b)t on acco)nt of t+er +a2n& been blessed or +andled
b" so'e d2ne or se'Cd2ne $ersona&e1 or +a2n& for'ed $art of +s bod"
or s)rro)ndn&s d)rn& so'e ncarnaton. T+)s Lo)rdes 8ater1 bottled and
e#$orted1 s stll +eld to $ossess c)rat2e 2rt)e on acco)nt of t+e Vr&n5s
or&nal blessn& besto8ed )$on t+e Lo)rdes s$rn&. B)t &enerall" t+e
nfl)ence of t+e d2ne or d2nsed ben& s 'ore drectl" e#ercsed1 as n
oracles1 drea's1 n2sble to)c+es1 or act)al theophanies, or a$$earances of
t+e &ods to t+e adorn& $atent It 8ll be seen as 8e $roceed +o8 a'$l" t+e
tradton of Lo)rdes +as ncor$orated t+ese ancent ads to fat+.
B)t at t+s $ont o)r 'odern e#$erence s)&&ests to )s a re'ar3able
nter$olaton n t+e antE)e c+an of deas. It s no8 alle&ed t+at de$arted
$ersons need not e#ert nfl)ence t+ro)&+ t+er dead bones alone1 nor "et
onl" b" t+er s)$$osed nter'edac" 8t+ +&+er $o8ers. T+ere nter2enes1
n fact1 t+e 8+ole to$c of spirit,heaing,8+c+ cannot1 +o8e2er1 be
treated f)ll" +ere.
!e#t n t+e ascendn& scale fro' $ol"t+es' to 'onot+es' 8e co'e to
t+e /racles of Lo)rdes19 to 8+c+ I +a2e D)st all)ded1 8+ere t+e s)$$osed
+ealer s t+e Vr&n /ar"1 re2erenced as se'Cd2ne. T+s for' of belef1
+o8e2er1 retans (as +as been sad) so'e affnt" 8t+ fetc+s'1 snce t+e
act)al #ater fro' t+e Lo)rdes s$rn&1 s)$$osed to +a2e been blessed b" t+e
Vr&n1 s an '$ortant factor n t+e c)res.
/)c+ f)rt+er re'o2ed fro' $r't2e belef s t+e a$$eal 'ade b"
C+rstan scentsts to t+e ad of 7es)s C+rstGet+er as drectl" ans8ern&
$ra"er1 or as enabln& t+e 8ors+$$ers to co'$re+end t+e nfnte lo2e on
8+c+ t+e )n2erse s based1 and n face of 8+c+ $an and sc3ness beco'e
a 2an 'a&naton or e2en a s+eer nonentt".
,** . !or1 a&an1 s t+s atte'$t to rise above $an at all e#cl)s2el"
de$endent )$on t+e C+rstan re2elaton. /ndC+ealn&9 s a &eneralsed
ter' 8+c+ ncl)des not onl" soCcalled C+rstan scence1 b)t a n)'ber of
ot+er 8a"s of so re&ardn& t+e )n2erse as to tr)'$+1 8+le stll n t+e
bod"1 o2er bodl" dstress and nfr't". Orental deas of t+e )nrealt" of
'atter (/a"a)1 stocal deas of t+e sa&e5s co''and o2er e#ternal
crc)'stances1 '"stcal deas of t+e $anless ecstas" nto 8+c+ t+e $)rfed
s$rt can enter at 8llGall t+ese conce$tons +a2e t+e ad2anta&e of ben&
nde$endent of do&'atc s"ste's1 8t+ t+e acco'$an"n& dsad2anta&e of
ben& dffc)lt for ordnar" 'nds to &ras$. /ndC+ealn& s a 'odern na'e
for all t+s ancent and loft" $rotest a&anst t+e t"rann" of t+e fles+.
T+e $onts of 2e8 t+)s brefl" +nted at do1 no do)bt1 dffer 8del" +i,
HGI- fro' one anot+er. To t+e bele2er n 'ndCc)re1t+e dener of
$+"scal e2ls1t+at an&)s+ed s)$$lcaton of t+e Lo)rdes $l&r' for t+e
re'o2al of $ans1 8+c+ t+e s)fferer +olds as t+e 'ost )r&ent of realtes1
8o)ld be n t+e +&+est de&ree dstastef)l. To bot+ 'ndCc)rer and Lo)rdes
$l&r' al3e t+e c+ar's and fetc+es of t+e %frcan sa2a&e 8o)ld see'
conte'$tble or s+oc3n&.
To t+e readers of t+s c+a$ter1 +o8e2er1 t+ere 8ll be not+n& s)r$rsn&
n '" o8n nclnaton to ncl)de al'ost all t+ese efforts at +ealt+ )nder t+e
&eneral cate&or" of sc+e'es of selfCs)&&eston. Amost all1 I sa"G reser2n&
t+)s for f)t)re notce t+e s$ecal casea s'all ele'ent n t+e &eneral total
of $ossble c)re b" defnte s$rtCa&enc".
*
B)t 8t+ re&ard to t+e &reat
b)l3 of t+ese $s"c+cal c)res1 t+e dfferences n2ol2ed are s)bDect2e rat+er
t+an obDect2eGare dfferences n t+e fra'es of 'nd of t+e s)fferers rat+er
t+an n an" scentfc e2dence as to t+e nat)re of t+e +ealn& a&enc".
It 8o)ld not be dffc)lt1 I t+n31 to s+o8 n detal t+e cr)dt" e2en of
t+ose sc+e'es of t+o)&+t 8+c+ +a2e $ro2ed n $ractce t+e 'ost +el$f)l n
t+e relef of $an. T+s cr)dt"1 ndeed1 s ne2tableG 8e are n t+e 2er"
earlest da"s of selfCs)&&estonGa fe8 $oneers onl" are &ro$n& after
8a"s n 8+c+ t+e s)&&estons 'a" be 'ade to taBe hod/and t+e tas3 s
E)te as dffc)lt for t+e selfCs)&&ester as for t+e +"$notst. T+e $resent d)t"1
t+erefore1 of $s"c+cal crtcs' s not so ')c+ to e#$ose t+e nconsstences
of eac+ n t)rn1 as to ndcate t+e lnes on 8+c+ t+s dffc)lt atte'$t 'a"
be $)s+ed 8t+ t+e best c+ance of lastn& s)ccess.
In a $a$er $rnted n 2ol. #. of (.P.R. &roceedings, n *A@;1
.
'" late
brot+er1 ,r. %. T. /"ers1 and I fo)nd lttle dffc)lt" n $ontn& o)t t+e
c+lds+ nadeE)ac" of ')c+ of t+e e2dence 8+c+ +ad t+en been offered
b" 'ndCc)rers or C+rstan scentsts. 6e endea2o)red to ndcate certan
s'$le r)les to 8+c+ s)c+ e2dence o)&+t to confor'1 n order to brn& t
nto lne 8t+ ordnar" 'edcal $ractce. Ot+er crtcs1 no do)bt1 +a2e )r&ed
t+e sa'e $reca)tonsG b)t I a' not a8are t+at an" sero)s effort +as "et been
'ade b" 'ndC+ealers to co'$l" 8t+ s)c+ condtons. Yet I see a real
reason for t+s rel)ctanceJ t+e C+rstan scentsts1 &c.1 feel 'ore or less
consco)sl" t+at t+e allC'$ortant t+n& s to 3ee$ t+e selfCs)&&eston stron&
and )ndst)rbed1 and t+at 'edcal dsc)sson 8o)ld tend to 8ea3en and
dst)rb t. T+ere s so'e tr)t+ +ereG and n 2e8 of t+at tr)t+ I no8 t+n3 t+at
t 'a" be 8ell to abstan fro' anal"sn& abs)rdtes 8+c+ 'a" 2er" easl"
dro$ off fro' t+e selfCs)&&est2e 'o2e'ent as t &at+ers confdence fro'
s)ccess.
Es$ecall" ')st one nsst on t+e )nderl"n& $+loso$+cal as$raton1
not 'erel" for t+e $rolon&aton of lfe on eart+1 b)t for t+e abro&aton and
ann+laton of e2l1 ncl)dn& $+"scal $an. T+e stren&t+ of t+e +i,HGJ-
'ndCc)rer5s $oston les n t+e tr)e t+ess t+at e2l s a less real1 a less
$er'anent t+n& t+an &ood. It s 8ell t+at selfCs)&&eston s+o)ld be t)rned
n t+s drecton1 t+ro)&+ 8+ate2er stran&e $er2ersons or e#a&&eratons t+e
)lt'ate &oal be 8on.
,*) . T+e soCcalled /racles of Lo)rdes9 $resent a so'e8+at dfferent
$roble'. T+e" rese'ble rat+er a res)sctaton of antE)e 'et+ods of selfC
s)&&eston t+an an atte'$t at brea3n& ne8 &ro)nd. In descrbn& t+ese as a
for' of selfCs)&&eston (I s+o)ld at once e#$lan)1 I a' b" no 'eans
den"n& (8+at I a'1 n fact1 $resentl" abo)t to assert) t+at so'e nflo8 fro'
t+e s$rt)al 8orld 'a" be an essental ele'ent n all t+ese tr)'$+s o2er
t+e nfr'tes of t+e fles+. %ll t+at I den"1and I t+n3 t+at '" %$$end#
8ll s+o8 t+at I +a2e a'$le reason for t+e denal1s t+at t+ere s an" real
e2dence 8+ate2er for t+e a&enc" of t+e Vr&n /ar" n t+ese c)res. T+e
stor" s1 no do)bt1 a $ct)resE)e one1 and (as 8ll a&an be seen n ,*) A )
one 'a" farl" credt t+e or&nal seeress1 Bernadette1 8t+ t+e $ossesson of
so'e 3nd of $s"c+cal fac)lt". 4)rt+er t+an t+at t+e le&end cannot1 I t+n31
be 'antaned. 7)d&ed b" o)r +abt)al canons of e2dence18+c+1 as t+e
reader 3no8s1 do1 n fact1 ad't t+e 2erdcal c+aracter of 'an" a$$artons1
t+ere s no reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e f&)re 8+c+ a$$eared to Bernadette
8as 'ore t+an a $)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnatonGstll less reason to
ass)'e t+at t+at a$$arton 8as n an" 8a" connected 8t+ t+e s)bseE)ent
c)res. %s to t+ose c)res t+e'sel2es1 'oreo2er1n s$te of 'an" lo)d
assertons1 n s$te of 8+at I ')st call t+e $se)doCacc)rac"1 t+e $se)doC
cando)r1 of so'e of t+e ad2ocates of t+e 'rac)lo)s at Lo)rdes1net+er
'" brot+er nor I co)ld dsco2er an" 8ellCattested ncdent 8+c+ rased
t+e' nto a dfferent cate&or" fro' t+e 'ar2els 8+c+ +"$notc s)&&eston
s effectn& dal" n t+e ciniques of 'an" $+"scans. 4or '" brot+er5s
dsc)sson of so'e of t+e cases oftenest cted at t+at date I ')st refer t+e
reader to o)r artcle n t+e (.P.R. &roceedings, $re2o)sl" 'entoned. /"
o8n anal"ss of t+e le&end I +a2e t+o)&+t t needf)l to re$rnt n t+s
2ol)'e. I +a2e treated t+e stor"1 I +o$e1 not 8t+o)t s"'$at+"1n ts
analo&es 8t+ ')c+ of ancent and 2enerable tradton1n ts a$$eal to
+o$es1 not necessarl" lle&t'ate1 and e2er rec)rrent n t+e +eart of 'an.
To t+e st)dent of s)&&eston1 ndeed1 to t+e $s"c+olo&st1 t+e stor" of
Lo)rdes s a 'ne of attract2e 'ateral. Yet fro' a $ont of 2e8 $er+a$s
$rofo)nder stll1 I cannot b)t s"'$at+se 8t+ t+ose 8ser Cat+olcs 8+o
btterl" re&ret t+e 8+ole seres of ncdentsG8+o stand aloof fro' t+at
or&ansed traffc n +)'an &noranceGfro' t+e 2ested nterests
sanct'ono)sl" alert on e2er" sdeGfro' t+e 'one"Cc+an&ers n t+e
te'$leGna"1 e2en fro' t+at co8ardl" cra2n& for eart+Clfe $rolon&ed at
an" cost 8+c+ dr2es t+e le$ro)s and t+e cancero)s to '$lore a defer'ent
of t+er entr" nto t+e $ro'sed +ea2en. 6+at a contrast bet8een t+at
cr$$led and abDect ')ltt)de1 s)$$lcatn& for anot+er "ear of )seless $an1
and Odn5s 8ors+$$ers of old1 n a r)der b)t a bra2er fat+Z
+i,HGK-
4or on eart+ t+e" t+o)&+t of '" t+res+old1 and t+e &fts I +a2e to
&2eG
!or $ra"ed for a lttle lon&er1 and a lttle lon&er to l2e.9
,*9 . T+ese 8ords 8ll so)nd1 $er+a$s1 needlessl" se2ere. Corruptio
optimi pessima. It s +ard to 3ee$ t+e balance 8+en one sees1 as one s)rel"
does at Lo)rdes1 forces8+c+1 f r&+tl" drected1 'a" ndefntel" bless
and ele2ate 'an3nddstorted and ab)sed n s)c+ fas+on as ')st
)lt'atel" lead to so'e nfdel reacton1so'e cr)s+n& deserton and
do8nfall of ancent fat+. It s not tr)e1 a t+o)sand t'es t s not tr)e1 t+at a
bottle of 8ater fro' a s$rn& near 8+c+ a &rl sa8 a +all)cnator" f&)re
8ll b" 'rac)lo)s 2rt)e +eal a T)r3 n Constantno$leG b)t t is tr)e t+at on
so'e nfl)# fro' t+e )nseen 8orld1an nfl)ence d'l" ad)'brated n t+at
Vr&n f&)re and t+at sanctfed s$rn&1de$ends t+e lfe and ener&" of t+s
8orld of e2er" da".
To 'e1 at least1 t see's t+at no real e#$lanaton of +"$notc 2talsaton
can1 n fact1 be &2en e#ce$t )$on t+e &eneral t+eor" s)$$orted n t+s 8or3
t+e t+eor" t+at a 8orld of s$rt)al lfe e#sts1 an en2ron'ent $rofo)nder
t+an t+ose en2ron'ents of 'atter and et+er 8+c+ n a sense 8e 3no8. Let
)s loo3 at t+s +"$ot+ess a lttle 'ore closel". 6+en 8e sa" t+at an
or&ans' e#sts n a certan en2ron'ent1 8e 'ean t+at ts ener&"1 or so'e
$art t+ereof1 for's an ele'ent n a certan s"ste' of cos'c forces1 8+c+
re$resents so'e s$ecal 'odfcaton of t+e )lt'ate ener&". T+e lfe of t+e
or&ans' conssts n ts $o8er of nterc+an&n& ener&" 8t+ ts
en2ron'ent1of a$$ro$ratn& b" ts o8n acton so'e fra&'ent of t+at
$ree#stent and l'tless Po8er. 6e +)'an ben&s e#st n t+e frst $lace n
a 8orld of 'atter1 8+ence 8e dra8 t+e ob2o)s s)stenance of o)r bodl"
f)nctons.
6e e#st also n a 8orld of et+erGt+at s to sa"1 8e are constr)cted to
res$ond to a s"ste' of la8s1)lt'atel" contn)o)s1 no do)bt1 8t+ t+e
la8s of 'atter1 b)t affordn& a ne81 a &eneralsed1 a $rofo)nder conce$ton
of t+e Cos'os. (o 8del" dfferent1 ndeed1 s t+s ne8 as$ect of t+n&s fro'
t+e old1 t+at t s co''on to s$ea3 of t+e et+er as a ne8l"C3no8n
en2ron'ent. On t+s en2ron'ent o)r or&anc e#stence de$ends as
absol)tel" as on t+e 'ateral en2ron'ent1 alt+o)&+ less ob2o)sl". In 8a"s
8+c+ 8e cannot fat+o'1 t+e et+er s at t+e fo)ndaton of o)r $+"scal
ben&. Perce2n& +eat1 l&+t1 electrct"1 8e do b)t reco&nse n certan
cons$c)o)s 8a"s1as n $erce2n& t+e 0 ra"s9 8e reco&nse n a 8a"
less cons$c)o)s1t+e $er2adn& nfl)ence of et+eral 2bratons 8+c+ n
ran&e and 2aret" far transcend o)r ca$act" of res$onse.
,)0 . 6t+n1 be"ond1 t+e 8orld of et+er1as a stll $rofo)nder1 stll
'ore &eneralsed as$ect of t+e Cos'os1')st le1 as I bele2e1 t+e 8orld of
s$rt)al lfe. T+at t+e 8orld of s$rt)al lfe does not de$end )$on t+e
e#stence of t+e 'ateral 8orld I +old as no8 $ro2ed b" act)al e2dence.
T+at t s n so'e 8a" contn)o)s 8t+ t+e 8orld of et+er I can 8ell
s)$$ose. B)t for o)r 'nds t+ere ')st needs be a crtcal $ont9 n an"
s)c+ 'a&ned contn)t"G so t+at t+e 8orld 8+ere lfe and +i,HGL- t+o)&+t
are carred on a$art fro' 'atter1 ')st certanl" ran3 a&an as a ne81 a
metetheria en2ron'ent. In &2n& t t+s na'e I e#$ressl" '$l" onl" t+at
fro' o)r +)'an $ont of 2e8 t les after or be"ond t+e et+er1 as
'eta$+"sc les after or be"ond $+"scs. I sa" onl" t+at 8+at does not
or&nate n 'atter or n et+er or&nates there/ b)t I 8ell bele2e t+at
be"ond t+e et+er t+ere ')st be not one sta&e onl"1 b)t co)ntless sta&es n
t+e nfnt" of t+n&s.
-a2n& t+)s ndcated t+s t+rd &reat en2ron'ent on 8+ose $ree#stent
ener&" I conce2e t+at o)r or&ans's do act)all" dra81 I ret)rn to s+o8 t+e
'anner n 8+c+ t+s +"$ot+ess 'a" be )sed to e#$lan t+e +"$notc res)lts
8+c+ I +a2e n t+s c+a$ter recorded. T+ose res)lts ')st +a2e bro)&+t
before t+e reader 8t+ ne8 22dness t+e ancent )nsol2ed $roble' of t+e
)lt'ate so)rce of ener&". 4or 8+at 8e +a2e n effect been don& 8t+ t+e
ad of t+ese +"$notc artfces s s'$l" to ener&se Lfe. 6+at Lfe does for
t+e or&ans'1 n slo8 '$erfect fas+on1 8e +ere tran t to do a lttle faster1
a lttle 'ore co'$letel". T"$cal of Lfe s ts selfCada$t2e $o8er1 ts
ca$act" of res$ondn& to ne8 needs1 of r&+tn& t+e or&ans' 8+en t +as
been n an" 8a" nD)redGt+at vis medicatri0 Natur 8+c+ s t+e n'ost
secret of t+e l2n& or&ans'. -"$nots' +as s+o8n )s t+s vis medicatri0 n
an )n$recedentl" defnte and controllable for'. It +as s+o8n )s n t+s
Natura t+e s)bl'nal self of t+e selfCs)&&esteran ntell&ence no
lon&er 2a&)e and '$ersonal1 b)t bearn& so'e analo&"1 so'e drect
relaton1 to t+at 8+c+ 8e reco&nse as o)r o8n.
6e +a2e +ere1 n s+ort1 a str3n& $ct)re not onl" of s)bl'nal
ntell&ence b)t of s)bl'nal $o8er. Of o)r s)b'er&ed ntell&ence eno)&+
+as alread" been sad to 'a3e t conce2able t+at t+ese co'$le#
t+era$e)tcal co''ands s+o)ld be t+)s co'$re+endedG b)t 8+ence co'es
t+e ener&" needf)l for so effect)al a res$onseW
T+e 8ord energy s1 of co)rse1 o$en to ''edate obDecton. It 'a" be
)r&ed t+at t+ere s +ere no tr)e ncrease or llaton of ener&"1 b)t 'erel" a
translaton nto so'e fres+ 'ode of acton of ener&" alread" de2elo$ed b"
ordnar" 'ateral n)trton. /an5s $ra"er1 t s sad1 '$les no 'ore ener&"
t+an +s c)rseG t+e $+loso$+er5s t+eore' no 'ore t+an t+e 'anac5s fanc". It
s ob2o)s1 ndeed1 t+at t+e ra$dt" of or&anc 'etabols' does not 2ar" n
$ro$orton to t+e 2al)e of t+e res)lts obtaned. In fact1 t+e 'anac5s +)rr"n&
anarc+c t+o)&+t s $robabl" 'ore destr)ct2e of tss)e t+an t+e stead"
t+o)&+t of t+e $+loso$+er. B)t $lanl" t+s 'ere c+e'cal c+an&e b" no
'eans &oes to t+e root of t+e 'atter. 6+at I desre for '" lfe s net+er
slo8 'etabols' nor ra$d 'etabols' as s)c+1 b)t 'etabols' &)ded b"
ntell&ent central force to )sef)l ends. I desre nte&raton of t+e
$ersonalt"1ntellect)al1 'oral1 s$rt)al concentraton. T+s concentraton
s +ard for 'e to 'antanG I feel t to need1 e2en n ts lo8est de&rees1 t+at
s$ecal effort 8+c+ 8e call attentonG and I see reason to bele2e t+at t+ere
are far +&+er de&rees +i,HGM- 8+c+ no 2ol)ntar" effort of 'ne can reac+.
!o8 no one can sa" )nder 8+at c"cle of forces t+e ener&" of t+s 2tal
effort fallsG and )ntl t be resol2ed nto better 3no8n forces1 I cannot D)stl"
be conde'ned for a +"$ot+ess 8+c+ treats t as an ener&" sui generis, and
see3s for traces of ts real' of or&n and +nts as to ts $ossble e#tent.
,)1 . In '" 2e81 t+en1 eac+ 'an s essentall" a s$rt1 controlln& an
or&ans' 8+c+ s tself a co'$le# of lo8er and s'aller l2es. T+e s$rt5s
control s not )nfor' t+ro)&+o)t t+e or&ans'1 nor n all $+ases of or&anc
lfe. In 8a3n& lfe t controls 'anl" t+e centres of s)$ral'nal t+o)&+t and
feeln&1 e#ercsn& lttle control o2er dee$er centres1 8+c+ +a2e been
ed)cated nto a ro)tne s)ffcent for co''on needs. B)t n s)bl'nal
statestrance and t+e l3et+e s)$ral'nal $rocesses are n+bted1 and
t+e lo8er or&anc centres are retaned 'ore drectl" )nder t+e s$rt5s
control. %s "o) &et nto t+e $rofo)nder $art of 'an5s ben&1 "o) &et nearer
to t+e so)rce of +s +)'an 2talt". Yo) &et t+)s nto a re&on of essentall"
&reater responsiveness to s$rt)al a$$eal t+an s offered b" t+e s)$erfcal
strat)' 8+c+ +as been s+a$ed and +ardened b" e#ternal needs nto a
defnte ada$taton to t+e eart+l" en2ron'ent. E2en t+)s t+e cater$llar5s
o)tsde nte&)'ent s fas+oned stffl" to s)t lar2al reE)re'entsG 8+le1
dee$er n t+e an'al1 )nseen $rocesses of ra$d c+an&e are &on& on1 n
obedence to an '$)lse not der2ed fro' lar2al lfe.
T+e )lt'ate lesson of +"$notc s)&&eston1 es$ecall" n t+e
so'na'b)lc state1 s1 t+erefore1 t+at 8e t+)s &et1 b" e'$rcal artfces1 at
t+ese strata of &reater $lastct"$lastct" not to e#ternal b)t to nternal
forces8+ere t+e nfor'n& s$rt controls t+e or&ans' 'ore ''edatel"1
and can act on t 8t+ &reater freedo'.
T+s conce$ton see's to t+ro8 l&+t on a fact re$eatedl" obser2ed1 b)t
+t+erto +ard of e#$lanaton. T+e so'na'b)lc state see's to be t+e
ntrod)cton to t8o $o8ers a$$arentl" E)te ds$aratet+e selfCsanat2e and
t+e telFst+etc. T+e +&+est de2elo$'ent of slee$ t+)s n2ol2es at once
'ore $enetrat2e bodl" rec)$eraton1 and 'ore nde$endent s$rt)al
act2t". T+e s$rt s 'ore $o8erf)l et+er to dra8 'etet+eral ener&" nto
t+e or&ans'1 or to act n $artal nde$endence of t+e or&ans'. T+e cases
alread" cted of tra2elln& clar2o"ance9 +a2e1 n fact1 &enerall" occ)rred
d)rn& slee$C8a3n& states1 or&nall" nd)ced for so'e +ealn& $)r$ose. I
ta3e t+s to 'ean t+at t+e s$rt can n s)c+ states 'ore easl" et+er modi$y
t+e bod"1 or $artall" quit and ret)rn to t+e bod". In ot+er 8ords1 t can for
t+e t'e et+er $a" t+e bod" 'ore attenton1 8t+ beneft1 or less attenton1
8t+o)t nD)r". I )se t+e 8ord attention beca)se1 n t+e '$ossblt" of
conce2n& +o8 a s$rt can affect or control an or&ans'1 t+e 'ost fttn&
ter' see's to be t+at b" 8+c+ 8e des&nate o)r o8n atte'$ts at
concentratn& t+e $ersonalt". I 8o)ld sa" n cr)de ter's t+at t+e so)l 3ee$s
t+e bod" al2e b" attendn& to t1 and (as e#$laned n C+a$ter IV.) can
attend to central o$eratons 'ore +i,HGN- drectl" t+an to s)$erfcal ones
to t+e act2tes of slee$ 'ore drectl" t+an to t+ose of 8a3n&. -ence n
dee$ states t can $artall" 8t+dra8 attenton fro' t+e or&ans' and besto8
t else8+ere1 8+le re'ann& ca$able of at once res)'n& ts ordnar"
attt)de to8ards t+at or&ans'. Bodl" deat+ ens)es 8+en t+e so)l5s
attenton s 8+oll" and rre2ocabl" 8t+dra8n fro' t+e or&ans'1 8+c+ +as
beco'e fro' $+"scal ca)ses )nft to act as t+e e#$onent of an nfor'n&
s$rt. Lfe 'eans t+e 'antenance of t+s attentonG ac+e2ed1 n t+s 2e81
b" t+e so)l5s absor$ton of ener&" fro' t+e s$rt)al or 'etet+eral
en2ron'ent. 4or f o)r nd2d)al s$rts and or&ans's l2e b" dnt of t+s
s$rt)al ener&"1 )nderl"n& t+e c+e'cal ener&" b" 8+c+ or&anc c+an&e s
carred on1 t+en 8e ')st $res)'abl" rene8 and re$lens+ t+e s$rt)al
ener&" as contn)o)sl" as t+e c+e'cal. To 3ee$ o)r c+e'cal ener&" at
8or31 8e l2e n a 8ar' en2ron'ent1 and fro' t'e to t'e ta3e food. B"
analo&"1 n order to 3ee$ t+e s$rt)al ener&" at 8or31 8e s+o)ld l2e n a
s$rt)al en2ron'ent1 and $ossbl" fro' t'e to t'e absorb so'e s$ecal
nfl)# of s$rt)al lfe.
,)( . If t+s be so1 t+ere 'a" be a tr)t+dee$er t+an 8e can at t+s
'o'ent sta" to dsc)ssn 'an" s)bDect2e e#$erences of $oets1
$+loso$+ers1 '"stcs1 sants. %nd f t+er sense of nflo8n& and nd8elln&
lfe ndeed be tr)eGf t+e s)bl'nal )$r)s+es 8+c+ rene8 and ll)'ne
t+e' are fed n realt" fro' so'e 'etet+eral en2ron'entGt+en a s'lar
nfl)ence 'a" b" analo&" e#st and be reco&nsable alon& t+e 8+ole &a')t
of $s"c+o$+"scal $+eno'enaGnot onl" n t+e real' of +&+ s$rt)al
e'otons1 b)t 8+eresoe2er t+ere s a E)c3enn& and an ele2aton of e2en
o)r lo8er or&anc lfe. T+e nascent lfe of eac+ of )s s $er+a$s a fres+ draft1
t+e contn)ed lfe s an e2erC2ar"n& draft1)$on t+e cos'c ener&". In
t+at en2ronn& ener&"call t b" 8+at na'e 8e 8ll8e l2e and 'o2e
and +a2e o)r ben&G and t 'a" 8ell be t+at certan ds$ostons of 'nd1
certan $+ases of $ersonalt"1 'a" dra8 n for t+e 'o'ent fro' t+at ener&"
a f)ller 2talsn& strea'.
On t+s +"$ot+ess t+ere 8ll be an essental concordance bet8een a
2e8ss$rt)al or 'ateralstc8+c+ ascrbe to an" drecton of
attenton or 8ll an" $ractcal effect )$on t+e +)'an or&ans'. T+e $ra"er
of fat+ s+all sa2e t+e sc319 sa"s (t. 7a'es. T+ere s not+n& n +"$nots'
b)t s)&&eston19 sa"s Bern+e'. In '" cl)'ser lan&)a&e t+ese t8o
state'ents (settn& asde a $ossble tele$at+c ele'ent n (t. 7a'es5 8ords)
8ll be e#$ressble n dentcal ter's. T+ere 8ll be effect2e t+era$e)tcal
or et+cal selfCs)&&eston 8+ene2er b" an" artfce s)bl'nal attenton to a
bodl" f)ncton or to a 'oral $)r$ose s carred to so'e )n3no8n $tc+ of
ntenst" 8+c+ dra8s ener&" fro' t+e 'etet+eral 8orld.9
,)3 . % &reat $ractcal E)eston re'ans1 to 8+c+ (t. 7a'es5 8ords
s)$$l" a drect1 t+o)&+ $er+a$s an nadeE)ate ans8er1 8+le Bern+e'5s
8ords s)$$l" no ans8er at all.
+i,HGO-
6+at s t+s sa2n& fat+ to be1 and +o8 s t to be attanedW Can 8e fnd
an" s)re 8a" of to)c+n& t+e s$rn& 8+c+ 'o2es )s so $otentl"1 at once
fro' 8t+o)t and fro' 8t+nW Can 8e $ro$ose an" for' of selfCs)&&eston
effect2e for all t+e +)'an raceW an" controlln& t+o)&+t on 8+c+ all al3e
can f# t+at lon&Cso)&+t 'o)ntanC'o2n& fat+W
%ss)redl" no 'an can e#te'$orse s)c+ a fat+ as t+s. 6+ate2er for' t
'a" )lt'atel" ta3e1 t ')st be&n as t+e $)rfcaton1 t+e ntensfcaton1 of
t+e $)rest1 t+e ntensest belefs to 8+c+ +)'an 'nds +a2e "et attaned. It
')st n2o3e t+e 8+ole stren&t+ of all $+loso$+es1 of all rel&onsGnot
ndeed t+e s$ecal ar&)'ents or e2dence add)ced for eac+1 8+c+ le
o)tsde '" $resent t+e'e1 b)t all t+e s$rt)al ener&" b" 8+c+ n tr)t+ t+e"
l2e. %nd so far as t+s $)r$ose &oes1 of dra8n& stren&t+ fro' t+e )nseen1 f
one fat+ s tr)e1 all fat+s are tr)eG n so far at least as +)'an 'nd can
&ras$ or +)'an $ra"er a$$ro$rate t+e )n3no8n 'etet+eral ener&"1 t+e
nscr)table Grace of God.
T+e '"ster" of t+ese e#tre'e $+eno'ena of s)&&eston s certanl" not
t+)s f)ll" sol2ed. !o 'ore t+an '" $redecessors +a2e I been able to e#$lan
8+" t s t+at certan or&ans's at certan 'o'ents s+o)ld beco'e t+)s
s)$eror to t+e'sel2esGca$able of a res$onse so 2&oro)s1 s)b'ss2e to a
control so $rofo)nd. B)t I +a2e set fort+ a $ont of 2e8 8+c+ +el$s
to8ards t+e s)bs)'$ton of t+s 'nor '"ster" )nder a '"ster" of )n2ersal
sco$e and 8orldCold e#$erence. I +a2e $laced s)&&eston19 I t+n31 n a
tr)er relaton to ot+er for's of e#ternal s)ason or nternal 8ll t+an t+e
!anc" (c+ool +a2e done. T+e" +a2e s$o3en as t+o)&+ s)&&eston 8ere
co'$arable 8t+ s)$ral'nal s)ason1 s)$ral'nal endea2o)r. I +a2e tred
to s+o8 t+at ts real effcac" les a'on& s)bl'nal $rocessesGas an
e'$rcal facltaton of o)r absor$ton of s$rt)al ener&" or acE)ston of
drect2e force fro' a 'etet+eral en2ron'ent. Lar&e and ass)'$t2e as
t+s defnton 'a" see' to be1 t s not too 8de for nascent $+eno'ena
8+c+ alread" ncl)de 'ndCc)re and t+e 'racles of Lo)rdes as 8ell as
ordnar" +"$notc $ractce. %nd t s)&&ests8+at narro8er defntons
+a2e not "et s)&&estedt+e $ossblt" of a 8orldC8de fat+1 or set of t+e
+)'an s$rt1 8+c+ 'a" 'a3e for an e2er 'ore $otent 'aster" o2er
or&anc +ndrance and $+"scal ll. Let t+e &reat c)rrents of belef r)n
&rad)all" nto a dee$er c+annel. Let 'en realse t+at t+er 'ost
co'$re+ens2e d)t"1 n t+s or ot+er 8orlds1 s ntenst" of s$rt)al lfeG
na"1 t+at t+er o8n s$rts are coCo$erat2e ele'ents n t+e cos'c e2ol)ton1
are $art and $arcel of t+e )lt'ate 2talsn& Po8er.
+i,HHP-
CHAPTER VI
SENSORY AUTOMATISM
Ac u i .
'00 . 6e +a2e no8 reac+ed a central node n o)r co'$le# ar&)'ent.
(e2eral lnes of e2dence1 alread" $)rs)ed1 con2er&e +ere to for' t+e
startn&C$ont for a ne8 de$art)re. O)r 2e8 of t+e s)bl'nal self ')st $ass
n t+s c+a$ter t+ro)&+ a $rofo)nd transton. T+e &l'$ses 8+c+ 8e +a2e
tll no8 obtaned of t +a2e s+o8n t as so'et+n& ncdental1 s)bordnate1
fra&'entar". B)t +encefort+ t 8ll &rad)all" ass)'e t+e c+aracter of
so'et+n& $ersstent1 $rnc$al1 )ntar"G a$$earn& at last as t+e dee$est and
'ost $er'anent re$resentat2e of 'an5s tr)e ben&.
Let )s consder 8+at t+e s)ccess2e sta&es of o)r realsaton of t+s
s)b'er&ed consco)sness +a2e t+)s far ta)&+t )s.
4rst of all1 n C+a$ter II.1 8e realsed t+at secondar" strea's of
consco)sness and 'e'or"1 se$arate fro' t+e ordnar" s)$ral'nal strea'1
are n certan cases de2elo$ed1 and 'a" e2en beco'e $er'anent1 t+)s et+er
alternatn& 8t+ t+e or&nal strea' of 'e'or" or s)$$lantn& t alto&et+er.
Yet n 'ost cases t+e )$r)s+ of t+ese s)bterranean strea's1 t+e )$+ea2al of
t+ese s)b'er&ed strata1 see'ed 'erel" dsnte&rat2e $+eno'enaG see'ed
rat+er to re2eal t+e nco+erent ele'ents fro' 8+c+ +)'an $ersonalt" +as
been t+)s far )nfed t+an to s)&&est +o$e of ts stll closer )nt"1 ts stll
f)rt+er concentraton1
In t+e ne#t C+a$ter (III.) 8e a$$roac+ed t+e s)bDect fro' a dfferent
sde. 6t+o)t entern& on an" cases ob2o)sl" abnor'al1 8e traced t+e
)$r)s+es of t+e s)bl'nal fac)lt" 8+c+ occ)r1 +el$f)ll" and sanel"1 n t+e
co)rse of ordnar" t+o)&+t and lfe. 6e sa8 t+at t+ere la" +dden beneat+
t+e t+res+old a concentrat2e or 'a&nat2e $o8er 'ore 22d t+an t+at
8t+ 8+c+ 8e +abt)all" deal. T+e ns$ratons of &en)s9 8+c+ see' to
s$rn& f)llCar'ed nto o)r 3en fro' t+e de$t+s of o)r ben& ')st co)nt as a
for' of s)bl'nal fac)lt"1 8+en t+at s ot+er8se establs+ed1 alt+o)&+ no
t+eor" of s)c+ fac)lt" co)ld be based solel" )$on 'ental $rod)cts so
closel" nter8o2en 8t+ s)$ral'nal or 2ol)ntar" t+n3n&.
In t+e ne#t follo8n& C+a$ter (IV.) 8e traced t+e 2aretes of s)bl'nal
+i,HHG- acton n t+at alternatn& $+ase of o)r $ersonalt" 8+c+ 'a" be sad
to le 8+oll" beneat+ t+e t+res+old of 8a3n& consco)sness.
6e fo)nd t+at t+e state of slee$ re$rod)ced and 2ared t+e s)bl'nal
$+eno'ena obser2ed n 8a3n& +o)rs. T+e $ct)res and )tterances of so'e
dreams, $resentn& t+e'sel2es 8t+o)t o)r consco)s elaboraton1 rese'ble
conf)sed fra&'ents of t+e ns$raton of &en)s. P)s+ed so'e8+at f)rt+er1
beco'n& 'ore ntense and 'ore se$arate fro' 8a3n& lfe1 drea's t)rn
nto somnambuisms (dsc)ssed n C+a$ter V.)1 and t+)s 'a" de2elo$ nto
2ertable fssons of $ersonalt".
4or t+e 'ost $art1 drea' ntrod)ces )s onl" to nco+erent t+o)&+t1
so'na'b)ls' onl" to rratonal acton. Yet fro' t'e to t'e 8e +a2e
fo)nd n drea's ndcatons of a 'e'or" 8+c+ s)r$asses 8a3n& 'e'or"G
na"1 8+c+ e2en '$les t+at so'et+n& 8t+n )s +as e#ercsed n 8a3n&
+o)rs a $erce$ton 'ore 'n)te and co'$re+ens2e t+an o)r s)$ral'nal
consco)sness e2er 3ne8. ,)rn& 2aro)s for's of slee$ tself1 'oreo2er1
so'et+n& of )n)s)al fac)lt" see's to be e#ercsedG 'at+e'atcal or
$+lolo&cal n&en)t" 'a" s)r$ass ts 8a3n& le2elG t+e senses 'a" s+o8 a
delcac" of 8+c+ 8e +ad not D)d&ed t+e' ca$able. %nd n t+e bac3&ro)nd
of all t+s 8e catc+ &l'$ses of stll +&+er fac)lt"G of t+ose s)$ernor'al
$o8ers of tele$at+" and telFst+esa on 8+ose e#stence o)r belef n a
)ntar" (elf ')st )lt'atel" be so lar&el" based.
Beneat+ t+e a$$arent blan3ness of slee$1 'an" c+an&es1 bot+ $+"scal
and $s"c+cal1 'a" occ)r )nnoted1 for e2l or for &ood. On t+e de&enerat2e
sde slee$ $asses nto co'a1 and so'na'b)ls's 'er&e nto +"steraG and at
'an" $onts o)r descr$ton of slee$ ndcates t+e nearness of t+ose 'orbd
dssocatons alread" descrbed. B)t slee$ and slee$C8a3n& states 'a" be
de2elo$ed on t+e ot+er1 t+e e2ol)t2e sde as 8ell. T+e s)bl'nal self
a$$ears to e#ercse n slee$ an ncreased control1 and to be able to carr"
t+ereb" t+e $+"scal or&ans' nto +&+er 2talt"1 t+e 'nd nto reader
co'')ncaton1 b" s)$ernor'al 'et+ods1 8t+ ot+er 'nds1 and nto scenes
be"ond t+e ran&e of sense. Incdentall" 8e $erce2e a ne8 de2elo$'ent of
')lt$le# $ersonalt"G a ne8 $o8er of alternatn& or co'bnn& strea's of
'e'or"1 of c+an&n& for a t'e or $er'anentl" t+e c+aracter and t+e 8ll.
O)r last C+a$ter (V.) 8as de2oted to t+s +"$notc concentraton and
e#$anson of +)'an fac)lt". I brefl" detaled t+e e'$rcal artfces
e'$lo"ed to &2e effect to selfCs)&&eston1 and re2e8ed t+e res)lts1
es$ecall" t+e ntellect)al and 'oral res)lts1 to 8+c+ t+at selfCs)&&eston
)lt'atel" leads. %nd +ere 'ore t+an e2er1bot+ n +"$notc $+eno'ena
and n t+e analo&o)s cases of s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls' descrbed n t+e
sa'e c+a$ter18e $erce2ed ele'ents of ne8 s)$ernor'al fac)lt"
'n&ln& 8t+ +e&+tened fac)lt" of fa'lar t"$es.
Eac+1 t+en1 of t+ese se2eral lnes of nE)r" +as led )s1 t+ro)&+ 8del"
2ar"n& $+eno'ena1 n s)bstantall" t+e sa'e drecton. 4ro' +i,HHH- e2er"
sde 8e +a2e ndcatons of so'et+n& co'$le# and obsc)re n t+e str)ct)re
of +)'an $ersonalt"G of so'et+n& transcendn& sensor" e#$erence n t+e
reser2es of +)'an fac)lt".
'01 . 6e +a2e co'e to a $ont 8+ere 8e need so'e f)rt+er coll&atn&
&eneralsatonG so'e conce$ton )nder 8+c+ t+ese scattered $+eno'ena
'a" be &at+ered and e#+bted n t+er tr)e 3ns+$.
(o'e ste$s at least to8ards s)c+ a &eneralsaton t+e e2dence to be
$resented n t+ese ne#t c+a$ters 'a" allo8 )s to ta3e. Consdern& to&et+er1
)nder t+e +eadn& of sensor" and 'otor automatism, t+e 8+ole ran&e of t+at
s)bl'nal acton of 8+c+ 8e +a2e as "et dsc)ssed fra&'ents onl"1 8e
s+all &rad)all" co'e to see t+at ts dstnct2e fac)lt" of tele$at+" or
telFst+esa s n fact an ntrod)cton nto a real' 8+ere t+e l'tatons of
or&anc lfe can no lon&er be ass)'ed to $ersst Consdern&1 a&an1 t+e
e2dence 8+c+ s+o8s t+at t+at $orton of t+e $ersonalt" 8+c+ e#ercses
t+ese $o8ers d)rn& o)r eart+l" e#stence does act)all" contn)e to e#ercse
t+e' after o)r bodl" deca"1 #e sha recognise a reation%obscure but
indisputabe%bet#een the subimina and the surviving se$.
I be&n1 t+en1 8t+ '" defnton of automatism, as t+e 8dest ter'
)nder 8+c+ to ncl)de t+e ran&e of s)bl'nal e'er&ences nto ordnar"
lfe. ,fferent classes of t+ose )$r)s+es +a2e alread" rece2ed s$ecal
na'es. T+e t)rb)lent )$r)s+ and do8ndra)&+t of +"steraG t+e +el$f)l
)$r)s+es of &en)s1 coCo$eratn& 8t+ s)$ral'nal t+o)&+tG t+e $rofo)nd
and rec)$erat2e c+an&es 8+c+ follo8 on +"$notc s)&&estonG t+ese +a2e
been descrbed )nder t+er se$arate +eadn&s. B)t t+e 'an 'ass of
s)bl'nal 'anfestatons re'ans )ndescrbed. I +a2e dealt lttle 8t+
2erdcal +all)cnatons1 not at all 8t+ a)to'atc 8rtn&1 nor 8t+ t+e
)tterances of s$ontaneo)s trance. T+e $rod)cts of nner 2son or nner
a)dton e#ternalsed nto E)asC$erce$ts1t+ese for' 8+at I ter' sensory
automatisms. T+e 'essa&es con2e"ed b" 'o2e'ent of l'bs or +and or
ton&)e1 ntated b" an nner 'otor '$)lse be"ond t+e consco)s 8ll
t+ese are 8+at I ter' motor automatisms. %nd I cla' t+at 8+en all t+ese
are s)r2e"ed to&et+er t+er essental analo&" 8ll be reco&nsed beneat+
')c+ d2erst" of for'. T+e" 8ll be seen to be messages fro' t+e
s)bl'nal to t+e s)$ral'nal selfG endea2o)rsconsco)s or )nconsco)s
of s)b'er&ed tracts of o)r $ersonalt" to $resent to ordnar" 8a3n&
t+o)&+t fra&'ents of a 3no8led&e 8+c+ no ordnar" 8a3n& t+o)&+t co)ld
attan.
'0( . %nd snce t s $lan t+at t+e $ont of 2e8 +ere ta3en s one
)nfa'lar to $s"c+olo&stsand ndeed t+at t+e dstncton +ere nssted on
8o)ld +a2e see'ed tll recentl" E)te )n'eann&I ')st d8ell a lttle
lon&er on t+e relaton 8+c+ I conce2e to e#st bet8een ntellect)al lfe
abo2e and belo8 t+e consco)s t+res+old. B" ordnar" $s"c+olo&"1
s)$ral'nal lfe s acce$ted as re$resentn& t+e nor'al or s)bstant2e
$ersonalt"1 of 8+c+ s)bl'nal lfe s t+e se'Cconsco)s s)bstrat)'1 or +i,
HHI- +alfCll)'nated frn&e1 or t+e 'orbd e#crescence. I1 on t+e ot+er
+and1 re&ard s)$ral'nal lfe 'erel" as a privieged case of $ersonalt"G a
s$ecal $+ase of o)r $ersonalt"1 8+c+ s easest for )s to st)d"1 beca)se t
s s'$lfed for )s b" o)r read" consco)sness of 8+at s &on& on n tG "et
8+c+ s b" no 'eans necessarl" et+er central or $re$otent1 co)ld 8e see
o)r 8+ole ben& n co'$re+ens2e 2e8.
!o8 f 8e t+)s re&ard t+e 8+ole s)$ral'nal $ersonalt" as a s$ecal
case of so'et+n& ')c+ 'ore e#tens2e1 t follo8s t+at 8e ')st s'larl"
re&ard all +)'an fac)lt"1 and eac+ sense se2erall"1 as 'ere s$ecal or
$r2le&ed cases of so'e 'ore &eneral $o8er.
%ll +)'an terrene fac)lt" 8ll be n t+s 2e8 s'$l" a selecton fro'
fac)lt" e#stn& n t+e 'etet+eral 8orldG s)c+ $art of t+at antecedent1 e2en
f not nd2d)alsed1 fac)lt" as 'a" be e#$ressble t+ro)&+ eac+ se2eral
+)'an or&ans'.
Eac+ of o)r s$ecal senses1 t+erefore1 'a" be conce2ed as strann&
to8ards de2elo$'ent of a 8der 3nd t+an eart+l" e#$erence +as as "et
allo8ed. %nd eac+ s$ecal sense s bot+ an nternal and an e#ternal senseG
n2ol2es a tract of t+e bran1 of )n3no8n ca$act"1 as 8ell as an endCor&an1
8+ose ca$act" s 'ore nearl" 'eas)rable. T+e relaton of t+s nternal1
'ental1 'nd5sCe"e 2son to nonCsensor" $s"c+olo&cal $erce$ton on t+e
one +and1 and to oc)lar 2son on t+e ot+er +and1 s e#actl" one of t+e $onts
on 8+c+ so'e $rofo)nder obser2aton 8ll be seen to be necessar". One
')st at least s$ea3 of 'nd5s e"e9 $erce$ton n t+ese sensor" ter's1 f one
s to dsc)ss t at all.
B)t ordnar" e#$erence at an" rate ass)'es t+at t+e endCor&an alone
can acE)re fres+ nfor'aton1 and t+at t+e central tract can b)t co'bne t+s
ne8 nfor'aton 8t+ nfor'aton alread" sent n to t. T+s ')st $lanl" be
t+e case1 for nstance1 8t+ o$tcal or aco)stc 3no8led&eG8t+ s)c+
3no8led&e as s borne on 8a2es of et+er or of ar1 and s ca)&+t b" a
ter'nal a$$arat)s1 e2ol2ed for t+e $)r$ose. B)t obser2e t+at t s b" no
'eans necessar" t+at all seen& and all +earn& s+o)ld be t+ro)&+ e"e or ear.
T+e 2son of o)r drea'sto 3ee$ to 2son alone for &reater s'$lct"
s nonCo$tcal 2son. It s )s)all" &enerated n t+e central bran1 not sent
)$ t+t+er fro' an e#cted retna. O$tcal la8s can onl" b" a stretc+ of ter's
be sad to a$$l" to t at all.
T+s fact s co''onl" +eld to be )n'$ortant1 beca)se drea'C2son
tself s co''onl" +eld to be 8ort+lessG ac+e2n& not+n& 'ore t+an a 'ere
ri$acimento of t+e 3no8led&e &aned b" da".
4ro' o)r $resent $ont of 2e81 +o8e2er1 8e +a2e no r&+t to 'a3e an"
s)c+ ass)'$ton. 6e cannot $ossbl" sa" > priori b" 8+at 'eans1 or fro'
8+at E)arters1 3no8led&e 'a" co'e to t+e s)bl'nal self. T+at ')st be
$)rel" a 'atter for obser2aton and e#$er'ent.
6+at 8e are bo)nd to do s to &eneralse o)r conce$ton of 2son as far
as $ossble1no lon&er confnn& t to t+e defnte $+eno'enon +i,HHJ- of
retnal or o$tcal 2son1and t+)s to fnd o)t b" act)al nE)r"1 8+at sort of
'essa&es are bro)&+t to )s b" eac+ for' of 2son 8+c+ t+s enlar&ed
conce$ton contans.
T+ere s a $ont1 as all 3no81 8+ere 2son dfferentates tself fro'
2aro)s ndefnte for's of $erce$ton. T+ere s a $ont1 as I s+all cla'1
8+ere 2son 'er&es a&an nto $erce$ton not less defnte b)t 'ore &eneral
t+an s&+t tself.
Bet8een t+s nferor and t+s s)$eror l't t8o 'an strea's of 2son
'a" be dscernedt+e e#ternal and t+e nternal1 t+e o$tcal and t+e 'ental1
of 8+c+ t+e one s al'ost 8+oll" s)$ral'nal1 t+e ot+er lar&el" s)bl'nal
Let )s atte'$t so'e ro)&+ cons$ect)s1 8+c+ 'a" s+o8 so'et+n& of t+e
relaton n 8+c+ central and $er$+eral 2son stand to eac+ ot+er.
'03 . 6e start fro' a re&on belo8 t+e s$ecalsaton of 2s)al fac)lt".
T+e st)d" of t+e s)ccess2e der'al and ner2o)s 'odfcatons 8+c+ +a2e
led )$ to t+at fac)lt" belon&s to Bolo&"1 and all t+at o)r ar&)'ent needs
+ere s to $ont o)t t+at t+e 2er" fact t+at t+s fac)lt" +as been de2elo$ed n
a &er'1 an'ated b" 'etet+eral lfe1 ndcates t+at so'e $erce$t2t" fro'
8+c+ s&+t co)ld ta3e ts or&n $reCe#sted n t+e or&natn&1 t+e )nseen
8orld. T+e &er' 8as so constr)cted ab initio t+at t co)ld de2elo$ n t+s
and n ot+er 8a"sJ 8+et+er 8e ass)'e t+at eac+ s$ecfc 'odfablt"
e#sted (and '&+t +a2e been dscerned n t+e &er' b" an allC8se s$ectator)
fro' t+e frst1 or t+at onl" a &ro)ndC$lan e#sted1 to 8+c+1 n s)ccess2e
&eneratons1 fres+ ele'ents of deter'naton and $recson 8ere added fro'
t+e 8orld of Lfe. 6e 3no8 2a&)el" +o8 2son dfferentated tself
$er$+erall"1 8t+ t+e &ro8n& sensblt" of t+e $&'entCs$ot to l&+t and
s+ado8. B)t t+ere ')st +a2e been a cerebral dfferentaton also1 and also a
$s"c+olo&cal dfferentaton1 na'el"1 a &rad)al s+a$n& of a dstnct feeln&
fro' obsc)re feeln&s1 8+ose +stor" 8e cannot reco2er.
Yet I bele2e t+at 8e +a2e stll $ersstent n o)r branCstr)ct)re so'e
d' 2est&e of t+e transton fro' t+at earl" )ndfferentated contn)o)s
senst2t" to o)r e#stn& s$ecalsaton of sense. Probabl" n all of )s1
t+o)&+ n so'e 'en ')c+ 'ore dstnctl" t+an n ot+ers1 t+ere e#st certan
synsthesi or conco'tances of senseC'$resson1 8+c+ are at an" rate
not de$endent on an" reco&nsable ln3 of assocaton. % second sense
so'et'es reacts a)to'atcall" to a st')l)s 8+c+ see's ftted to e#cte a
sn&le sense alone. I do not 'erel" 'ean t+at t+e do&5s bar3 calls )$ t+e
loo3 of t+e do&1 8+le +s loo3 s)&&ests +s bar3G t+at s an assocaton
for'ed b" t+e 'ere e#$erence of lfe. B)t for a tr)e s"nFst+etc or so)ndC
seer19to ta3e t+e co''onest for' of t+ese central re$erc)ssons of
sensor" s+oc31t+ere s a connecton bet8een s&+t and so)nd 8+c+ s
nstnct2e1 co'$le#1 and "et for o)r ntell&ence alto&et+er arbtrar". In
so'e cases1 ndeed1 t+ese c+ro'ats's can be 8atc+ed n de2elo$'ent1 f
not n or&naton1 and 'a" be referred to so'e odd +i,HHK- c+ance of
fancf)l assocaton. B)t t+s frst &ro)$ of cases of so)ndCseen& 'elts nto
a second1 8+ere t+e c+ro'ats's see' to be deter'ned before brt+1 and to
+a2e $receded consco)s 'entaton1 n all t+er 'eann&less $recson of
corres$ondence1 bet8een1 sa"1 a $artc)lar note $la"ed on t+e $ano and a
$artc)lar tnt of a$$leC&reen. T+e s$ec'ens &2en n '03 A and B 8ll
s+o8 so'et+n& of t+s rratonal co'$le#t". /" $resent $ont s t+at t+ese
s"nFst+esF stand on t+e d2dn& lne bet8een $erce$ts e#ternall" and
nternall" or&nated. T+ese rradatons of senst2t"1 so'et'es1 as I +a2e
sad1 a$$arentl" con&ental1 cannot1 on t+e one +and1 be called a $)rel"
'ental $+eno'enon. !or a&an can t+e" be defntel" classed )nder e#ternal
2sonG snce t+e" do so'et'es follo8 )$on a 'ental $rocess of
assocaton. It see's safer to ter' t+e' entencephaic, on t+e analo&" of
entoptic, snce t+e" see' to be d)e to so'et+n& n branCstr)ct)re1 ')c+ as
ento$tc $erce$ts are d)e to so'et+n& n t+e str)ct)re of t+e e"e.
'0+ . I 8ll1 t+en1 start 8t+ t+e s"nFst+esF as t+e 'ost &eneralsed
for' of n8ard $erce$ton1 and 8ll $ass on to ot+er classes 8+c+ a$$roac+
'ore nearl" to ordnar" e#ternal 2son.
4ro' t+ese entence$+alc $+ots's 8e see' to $roceed b" an eas"
transton to t+e 'ost n8ard for' of )n'sta3able ento$tc 2son8+c+
s t+erefore t+e 'ost n8ard for' of all e#ternal 2sont+e flas+ of l&+t
conseE)ent on electrsaton of t+e o$tc ner2e. !e#t on o)r o)t8ard road 8e
'a" $lace t+e $+os$+enes ca)sed b" $ress)re on t+e o$tc ner2e or rrtaton
of t+e retna. !e#t P)r3nDe5s f&)res1 or s+ado8s cast b" t+e bloodC2essels
of t+e 'ddle la"er )$on t+e bacllar" la"er of t+e retna. T+en musc
voitantes, or s+ado8s cast b" 'otes n t+e 2treo)s +)'o)r )$on t+e
fbro)s la"er of t+e retna.
'0, . /d8a"1 a&an1 bet8een ento$tc and ordnar" e#ternal 2son 8e
'a" $lace a$ter,imagesG 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ t+e'sel2es $erce$tble 8t+ s+)t
e"es1 $res)$$ose a $re2o)s retnal st')laton fro' 8t+o)tGfor'n&1 n
fact1 t+e ento$tc seE)elF of ordnar" e#ternal 2son.
'0' . !e#t co'es o)r ordnar" 2son of t+e e#ternal 8orldand t+s1
a&an1 s $)s+ed to ts +&+est de&ree of e#ternalt" b" t+e e'$lo"'ent of
artfcal ads to s&+t. -e 8+o &aNes t+ro)&+ a telesco$e at t+e stars. +as
'ec+ancall" '$ro2ed +s endCor&ans to t+e f)rt+est $ont no8 $ossble to
'an.
'0* . %nd no81 standn& once 'ore )$on o)r 8aters+ed of
entence$+alc 2son1 let )s trace t+e ad2ancn& ca$actes of nternal 2son.
T+e for's of 2son no8 to be consdered are 2rt)all" nde$endent of t+e
e"eG t+e" can $ersst1 t+at s to sa"1 after t+e destr)cton of t+e e"e1 f onl"
t+e e"e +as 8or3ed for a fe8 "ears1 so as to &2e 2s)al ed)caton to t+e
bran. 6e do not1 n fact1 f)ll" 3no8 t+e l'ts of t+s nde$endence1 8+c+
can onl" be learnt b" a f)ller e#a'naton of ntell&ent blnd $ersons t+an
+as "et been 'ade. !or can 8e sa" 8t+ certant" +o8 far n a seen& $erson
t+e e"e s n ts t)rn nfl)enced b" t+e bran. I s+all a2od $ost)latn& +i,
HHL- an" retro$)ls2e c)rrent9 fro' bran to retna1 D)st as I +a2e a2oded
an" e#$resson 'ore s$ecfc t+an t+e bran9 to ndcate t+e $r'ar" seat of
s&+t. T+e arran&e'ent +ere $resented1 as alread" e#$laned1 s a
$s"c+olo&cal one1 and can be set fort+ 8t+o)t tres$assn& on contro2erted
$+"solo&cal &ro)nd.
6e 'a" ta3e memory,images as t+e s'$lest t"$e of nternal 2son.
T+ese 'a&es1 as co''onl" )nderstood1 ntrod)ce )s to no fres+
3no8led&eG t+e" $reser2e t+e 3no8led&e &aned b" consco)s &aNe )$on t+e
o)ter 8orld. In t+er s'$lest s$ontaneo)s for' t+e" are t+e cerebra
seE)elF of e#ternal 2son1 D)st as afterC'a&es are ts entoptic seE)elF. %nd
8e fnd t+at n so'e cases t+ese t8o classes of 2son are confo)nded (see
'0* A). B)t 8e see t+at nto t+e cerebral stora&e of '$ressons one ele'ent
+abt)all" enters 8+c+ s totall" absent fro' t+e 'ere retnal stora&e1
na'el"1 a $s"c+cal ele'enta rearran&e'ent or &eneralsaton of t+e
'$ressons retnall" rece2ed.
'0) . !e#t 8e co'e to a co''on class of 'e'or"C'a&es1 n 8+c+ t+e
s)bl'nal rearran&e'ent s $artc)larl" 'ar3ed. I s$ea3 of dreams8+c+
lead )s on n t8o drectons fro' 'e'or"C'a&esGn t+e drecton of
imagination,images, and n t+e drecton of haucinations. Certan
nd2d)al drea's1 ndeed1 of rare t"$es $ont also n ot+er drectons 8+c+
later on 8e s+all +a2e to follo8. B)t drea's as a cass consst of conf)sed
'e'or"C'a&es1 reac+n& a 3nd of lo8 +all)cnator" ntenst"1 a &lo81 so
to sa"1 s)ffcent to be $erce$tble n dar3ness.
'09 . I 8ll &2e t+e na'e of imagination,images to t+ose consco)s
reco'bnatons of o)r store of 2s)al 'a&er" 8+c+ 8e co'$ose et+er for
o)r 'ere enDo"'ent1 as 8a3n& drea's19 or as artfces to +el$ )s to t+e
better )nderstandn& of facts of nat)re conf)sedl" dscerned. ()c+1 for
nstance1 are 'a&ned &eo'etrcal da&ra'sG and 6att1 l"n& n bed n a
dar3 roo' and conce2n& t+e stea'Cen&ne1 ll)strates t+e )t'ost l't to
8+c+ 2ol)ntar" nternal 2s)alsaton can &o.
'10 . -ere at an" rate t+e co''onl" ad'tted cate&or" of sta&es of
n8ard 2son 8ll close. T+)s far and no fart+er t+e bran5s ca$act" for
$resentn& 2s)al 'a&es can be $)s+ed on )nder t+e &)dance of t+e
consco)s 8ll of 'an. It s no8 '" b)sness to s+o81 on t+e contrar"1 t+at
8e +a2e +ere reac+ed a 'ere nter'edate $ont n t+e de2elo$'ent of
interna 2son. T+ese 'a&natonC'a&es1 2al)able as t+e" are1 are 'erel"
atte'$ts to control s)$ral'nall" a for' of 2son 8+c+as s$ontaneo)s
'e'or"C'a&es +a2e alread" s+o8n )ss $redo'nantl" s)bl'nal T+e
'e'or"C'a&es 8elled )$ fro' a D)stCs)b'er&ed strat)'G 8e ')st no8
consder 8+at ot+er 'a&es also 8ell )$8ard fro' t+e sa'e +dden so)rce.
To be&n 8t+1 t s b" no 'eans certan t+at so'e of 6att5s 'a&es of
stea'Cen&nes dd not 8ell )$ fro' t+at so)rce1dd not e'er&e read"C
'ade nto t+e s)$ral'nal 'nd 8+le t rested n t+at 'erel" e0pectant
state 8+c+ for's &enerall" a &reat $art of n2enton. 6e +a2e seen n +i,
HHM- C+a$ter III. t+at t+ere s reason to bele2e n s)c+ a con2e"ance n t+e
')c+ nferor 'ental $rocesses of calc)latn& bo"s1 &c.1 and also n t+e
'ental $rocesses of t+e $anter. In s+ort1 8t+o)t $retendn& to D)d&e of t+e
$ro$orton of 2ol)ntar" to n2ol)ntar" 'a&er" n eac+ se2eral creat2e
'nd1 8e ')st )ndo)btedl" ran3 t+e s$ontaneo)sl" e'er&ent 2s)al 'a&es
of &en)s as a f)rt+er sta&e of nternal 2son.
%nd no8 8e +a2e reac+ed1 b" a tr$le road1 t+e 2er&e of a 'ost
'$ortant de2elo$'ent of n8ard 2sonna'el"1 t+at 2ast ran&e of
$+eno'ena 8+c+ 8e call haucination. Eac+ of o)r last t+ree classes +ad
led )$ to +all)cnaton n a dfferent 8a". *reams act)all" are
+all)cnatonsG b)t t+e" are )s)all" +all)cnatons of lo8 ntenst"G and are
onl" rarel" ca$able of 'antann& t+e'sel2es for a fe8 seconds (as
+"$no$o'$c ll)sons) 8+en t+e drea'er 8a3es to t+e st')l of t+e
'ateral 8orld. (magination,images 'a" be carred to a +all)cnator" $tc+
b" &ood 2s)alsers (see '10 A). %nd t+e inspirations o$ geniusRa$+ael5s
(an (sto s t+e classcal nstance'a" $resent t+e'sel2es n +all)cnator"
22dness to t+e astons+ed artst.
'11 . % +all)cnaton1 one 'a" sa" boldl"1 s n fact a hypersthesia/
and &enerall" a centra +"$erFst+esa. T+at s to sa"1 t+e +all)cnaton s n
so'e cases d)e ndrectl" to $er$+eral st')latonG b)t often also t s t+e
res)lt of a st')l)s to 'nd5sCe"e 2son19 8+c+ s8ee$s t+e dea on8ards
nto 2s)al for'1 re&ardless of ordnar" c+ec3s. It s a fa'lar re'ar31
ndeed1 t+at eac+ dea1 accordn& as ts 'otor or ts sensor" ele'ents
$redo'nate1 s et+er a nascent 'o2e'ent or a nascent +all)cnaton. 6e
cannot $ossbl" tell before+and 8+at 3nd of st')l)s1+ealt+f)l or
+ar'f)l1 renforce'ent of ener&" or 'ere brea3do8n of n+bton18ll
carr" on t+s nascenc" nto act)al brt+. /nd5sCe"e 2son19 l3e retnal
2son1 +as a +abt)al l't1 n eac+ case $res)'abl" deter'ned b" nat)ral
selecton or ot+er8se as t+e l't 'ost con2enent for t+e race1 consdern&
t+e reso)rces of t+e or&ans'. In so'e nd2d)als1 +o8e2er1 t+ese a2era&e
l'ts are &reatl" o2er$assed1 8t+ or 8t+o)t res)ltant ad2anta&e.
E#ce$tonal 3eenness of oc)lar 2son1 )seless to 'ost 'en1 'a" +el$ t+e
astrono'erG e#ce$tonal $o8er of n8ard 2s)alsaton1 to 'ost 'en a 'ere
c)rost"1 'a" sn&)larl" +el$ (as n an nstance to 8+c+ I +a2e often
all)ded) t+e $o)rtra"ers fro' 'e'or" of fl"n& brds.
-ere1 t+en1 s a co'$re+ens2e and reasonable 8a" of re&ardn& t+ese
')ltfaro)s +all)cnatons or sensor" a)to'ats's. T+e" are $+eno'ena of
central or cerebral +"$erFst+esa$+eno'ena 8+c+ ')st net+er be feared
nor &nored1 b)t rat+er controlled and nter$reted. !or 8ll t+at
nter$retaton be an eas" 'atter. T+e nter$retaton of t+e s"'bols b" 8+c+
t+e retna re$resents t+e e#ternal 8orld +as been1 8+et+er for t+e race or for
t+e nd2d)al1 no s+ort or s'$le $rocess. Yet oc)lar 2son s n '" 2e8 a
s'$le1 eas"1 $r2le&ed case of 2son &enerall"G and t+e s"'bols 8+c+
re$resent o)r nternal $erce$ts of an ''ateral 8orld are +i,HHN- l3el" to
be far 'ore co'$le# t+an an" '$ressons fro' t+e 'ateral 8orld on t+e
retna.
%ll n8ard 2sons are l3e s"'bols abrd&ed fro' a $ct)reCal$+abet. In
order to )nderstand an" one class of +all)cnatons1 8e o)&+t to +a2e all
classes before )s. %t t+e lo8er l't of t+e seres1 ndeed1 t+e anal"ss of t+e
$+"scan s+o)ld $recede t+at of t+e $s"c+olo&st. 6e alread" 3no8 to so'e
e#tent1 and 'a" +o$e soon to 3no8 'ore acc)ratel"1 8+at sensor"
dst)rbance corres$onds to 8+at ner2o)s leson. Yet t+ese 2olent
dst)rbances of n8ard $erce$tont+e sna3es of t+e dr)n3ard1 t+e scarlet
fre of t+e e$le$tc1 t+e Deern& 2oces of t+e $aranoact+ese are $er+a$s
of too &ross a 3nd to afford 'ore t+an a 3nd of ne)rolo&cal ntrod)cton to
t+e s)btler $onts 8+c+ arse 8+en +all)cnaton s )nacco'$aned b" an"
obser2able defect or 'alad".
It s1 ndeed1 ob2o)s eno)&+ t+at t+e 'ore do&no'onc t+e
+all)cnaton s1 t+e 'ore solated fro' an" ot+er dst)rbance of nor'alt"1
t+e &reater 8ll be ts $s"c+olo&cal nterest. An apparenty spontaneous
modi$ication o$ centra percepts8+at $+eno'enon co)ld $ro'se to ta3e
)s dee$er nto t+e '"ster" of t+e 'ndW
'1( . Yet )ntl E)te recentl")ntl1 n s+ort1 Ed')nd G)rne" too3 )$
t+e nE)r" n *AA.t+s 8de1 '$ortant s)bDect 8as treated1 e2en n
sero)s te#tCboo3s1 n a s)$erfcal and $erf)nctor" 8a". 4e8 statstcs 8ere
collectedG +ardl" an"t+n& 8as reall" 3no8nG rat+er t+ere 8as facle
ass)'$ton t+at all +all)cnatons or sensor" a)to'ats's must so'e+o8 be
d)e to $+"scal 'alad"1 e2en 8+en t+ere 8as no e2dence 8+ate2er for s)c+
a connecton. I ')st refer '" readers to G)rne"5s rUs)'U n +s c+a$ter on
-all)cnatons9 n &hantasms o$ the .iving, f t+e" 8o)ld realse t+e
&rad)al conf)sed fas+on n 8+c+ 'en5s 'nds +ad been $re$ared for t+e
8der 2e8 soon to be o$ened1 lar&el" b" G)rne"5s o8n statstcal and
anal"tcal 8or3. T+e 8de collecton of frstC+and e#$erences of sensor"
a)to'ats's of e2er" 3nd 8+c+ +e ntated1 and 8+c+ t+e (.P.R. Cens)s
of -all)cnatons9 contn)ed after +s deat+ (see '1( A ) +as for t+e frst
t'e 'ade t $ossble to treat t+ese $+eno'ena 8t+ so'e s)ret" of +and.
T+e res)lts of t+ese nE)res s+o8 t+at a &reat n)'ber of sensor"
a)to'ats's occ)r a'on& sane and +ealt+" $ersons1 and t+at for 'an" of
t+ese 8e can at $resent offer no e#$lanaton 8+ate2er. 4or so'e of t+e'1
+o8e2er1 8e can offer a 3nd of e#$lanaton1 or at least an ndcaton of a
$robable deter'nn& ca)se1 8+ose 'ode of 8or3n& re'ans 8+oll"
obsc)re.
T+)s1 n so'e fe8 nstances1 alt+o)&+ t+ere s no dst)rbance of +ealt+1
t+ere see's to be a $reds$oston to t+e e#ternalsaton of f&)res or so)nds.
(nce t+s n no 8a" nterferes 8t+ co'fort1 8e ')st s'$l" class t as an
dos"ncratc central +"$erFst+esa')c+ l3e t+e tendenc" to e#tre'el"
22d drea's1 8+c+ b" no 'eans al8a"s '$les a $oor E)alt" of slee$.
+i,HHO-
In a fe8 nstances1 a&an1 8e can trace 'oral $reds$osn& ca)ses
e#$ectaton1 &ref1 an#et".
T+ese ca)ses1 +o8e2er1 t)rn o)t to be ')c+ less often effect2e t+an
'&+t +a2e been e#$ected fro' t+e $o$)lar readness to n2o3e t+e'. In
t8o 8a"s es$ecall" t+e 8ea3ness of t+s $reds$osn& ca)se s '$ressed
)$on )s. In t+e frst $lace1 t+e b)l3 of o)r $erc$ents e#$erence t+er
+all)cnatons at ordnar" )ne#ctn& 'o'entsG tra2ersn& t+er 'ore
an#o)s crses 8t+o)t an" s)c+ $+eno'enon. In t+e second $lace1 t+ose of
o)r $erc$ents 8+ose +all)cnaton s n fact 'ore or less concdent 8t+
so'e dstressn& e#ternal e2ent1 seldo' see' to +a2e been $reds$osed to
t+e +all)cnaton b" a 3no8led&e of t+e e2ent. 4or t+e e2ent 8as &enerall"
)n3no8n to t+e' 8+en t+e corres$ondn& +all)cnaton occ)rred.
'13 . T+s last re'ar31 t 8ll be seen1 ntrod)ces )s to t+e 'ost
nterestn& and '$ortant &ro)$ of $erc$ents and of $erce$tsG t+e
$erc$ents 8+ose &ft constt)tes a fres+ fac)lt" rat+er t+an a de&eneratonG
t+e $erce$ts 8+c+ are veridica8+c+ are (as 8e s+all see ca)se to nfer)
n so'e 8a" &enerated b" so'e e2ent o)tsde t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd1 so t+at
t+er corres$ondence 8t+ t+at e2ent con2e"s so'e ne8 fact1 n +o8e2er
obsc)re a for'. It s t+s &ro)$1 of co)rse1 8+c+ &2es +&+ '$ortance to
t+e 8+ole nE)r"G 8+c+ 'a3es t+e st)d" of n8ard 2son no 'ere
c)rost"1 b)t rat+er t+e o$enn& of an nlet nto for's of 3no8led&e to
8+c+ 8e can ass&n no bo)nd.
!o8 t+ese tele$at+c +all)cnatons 8ll ntrod)ce )s to 2er" 2ar"n&
for's of n8ard 2son. It 8ll be 8ell to be&n t+er st)d" b" recalln& and
so'e8+at e#$andn& t+e t+ess alread" ad2ancedJ t+at 'an5s ocuar 2son
s b)t a s$ecal or $r2le&ed case of 2s)al $o8er1 of 8+c+ $o8er +s inner
2son affords a 'ore e#tens2e e#a'$le.
Oc)lar 2son s t+e $erce$ton of 'ateral obDects1 n accordance 8t+
O$tcal la8s1 fro' a defnte $ont n s$ace. O)r re2e8 of +all)cnatons
+as alread" re'o2ed t8o of t+ese l'tatons. If I see a +all)cnator" f&)re
and f&)res seen n dreams co'e )nder t+s cate&or"I see so'et+n&
8+c+ s not a 'ateral obDect1 and I see t n a 'anner not deter'ned b"
o$tcal la8s. % drea'Cf&)re 'a" ndeed see' to con$orm to O$tcal la8sG
b)t t+at 8ll be t+e res)lt of selfCs)&&eston1 or of or&ansed 'e'ores1 and
8ll 2ar" accordn& to t+e drea'er5s 2s)alsn& $o8er. 6+le a $ortratC
$anter 'a" see a face n drea' 8+c+ +e can $ant fro' 'e'or" 8+en +e
8a3es1 t+e ordnar" 'an5s drea'C$erce$t 8ll be 2a&)e1 s+ftn&1 and
)nre'e'berable.
('larl"1 f I see a s)bDect2e +all)cnator" f&)re o)t n t+e roo'19 ts
as$ect s not determined b" o$tcal la8s (t 'a" e2en see' to stand behind
t+e obser2er1 or ot+er8se outside +s 2s)al feld)1 b)t t 8ll 'ore or less
con$ormb" '" 'ere selfCs)&&eston1 f b" not+n& elseto o$tcal la8sG
and1 'oreo2er1 t 8ll stll see' to be seen fro' a f#ed $ont n s$ace1
na'el"1 fro' t+e statonar" obser2er5s e"es or bran.
+i,HIP-
%ll t+s see's farl" $lan1 so lon& as 8e are ad'ttedl" dealn& 8t+
+all)cnator" f&)res 8+ose or&n ')st be n t+e $erc$ent5s o8n 'nd.
B)t so soon as 8e co'e to E)asC$erce$ts 8+c+ 8e bele2e to e#st or to
or&nate so'e8+ere o)tsde t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd1 o)r dffc)ltes co'e
t+c3 and fast.
If t+ere be so'e e#ternal or&n for o)r n8ard 2son (8+c+ t+ereb"
beco'es veridica) 8e ')st not an" lon&er ass)'e t+at all 2erdcal n8ard
2son starts or s e#ercsed fro' t+e sa'e $ont. If t &ets +old of $acts
(2erdcal '$ressons or $ct)res1 not 'ere s)bDect2e fances)1 8e cannot
be s)re > priori 8+et+er t so'e+o8 &oes to fnd t+e facts1 or t+e facts co'e
to fnd t. %&an1 8e cannot an" lon&er ta3e for &ranted t+at t 8ll be
co&nsant onl" of $+antas'al or ''ateral $erce$ts. If t can &et at
$+antas'al $erce$ts o)tsde t+e or&ans'1 'a" t not &et at materia
$erce$ts alsoW /a" t not see dstant +o)ses1 as 8ell as t+e 'a&es of dstant
so)lsW
T+e t+eoretcal $ossbltes fall )nder fo)r +eadsJ
*. One 'a" see 'ateral obDects fro' t+e f#ed $ont 8+ere one5s bod"
stands. T+s s ordnar" o$tcal 2son.
.. One 'a" see ''ateral a$$artons fro' a f#ed $ont. T+s s t+e
case 8t+ so'e drea's1 8t+ $)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnatons1 and
8t+ so'e 2erdcal +all)cnatonsas cr"stalC2sons.
;. One 'a" see 'ateral obDects1 as t+o)&+ b" blocaton19 fro' a
$ont a$$arentl" re'ote fro' one5s bod". T+s 8o)ld be 8+at )sed
to be called tra2elln& clar2o"ance19 or 8+at I +a2e s$o3en of as
psychica e0cursion, n2ol2n& so'e 3nd of $erce$ton as fro' a
ne8 stand$ont1 8+c+ $erce$ton 'a" or 'a" not ncl)de 'ateral
obDects n ts $)r2e8.
<. One 'a" see $+antas'al $ct)res fro' a $ont a$$arentl" re'ote
fro' one5s bod". T+s last $ossblt" follo8s necessarl" )$on t+e
rest. If t+ere be ''ateral a$$artons at all1 and f one5s $ont of
obser2aton can 'o2e1 one 'a" see 2sons or s"'bolcal $ct)res1
as t+o)&+ b" blocaton19 fro' a $ont a$$arentl" re'ote fro' one5s
$+"scal fra'e.
'1+ . -aNardo)s as t+ese s$ec)latons 'a" see'1 t+e" ne2ert+eless
re$resent an atte'$t to &et o)r notons of s)$ersensor" t+n&s as near do8n
to o)r notons of sensor" t+n&s as 8e farl" can.
I delberatel" ado$t t+e lan&)a&e 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent5s o8n
consco)sness dctates as to tra2elln& clar2o"ance9 and t+e l3eG and t+s
for t8o reasons. In t+e frst $lace1 as 8ll be seen as 8e $roceed1 I t+n3 t+at
t+s $+raseolo&" a$$ro#'ates as nearl" as s no8 $ossble to a tr)t+ 8+c+
8e cannot +o$e to render n an" adeE)ate 8a"G and n t+e second $lace1 I
cannot dsco2er an" ot+er for' of 8ords 8+c+ 8o)ld n realt" carr"
&reater $+loso$+c a)t+ort"1 or n2ol2e a conce$ton n tself 'ore defnte
or reasonable t+an t+at 8+c+ I ado$t. %n" atte'$t to deal 8t+ t+ese
s$rt)al $+eno'ena as reaitiesas $+eno'ena ca$able +i,HIG- of
correlaton 8t+ t+e 'ateral $+eno'ena 8+c+ 8e 3no8does at once and
ne2tabl" de'onstrate t+e )selessness for s)c+ a $)r$ose of ordnar"
'eta$+"scal ter'nolo&". 6+ate2er 'a" be o)r )lt'ate conce$ton of an
deal 8orld1 8e ')st not for t+e $resent atte'$t to start fro' an" stand$ont
too far re'o2ed fro' t+e s$atal and te'$oral e#stence 8+c+ alone 8e
3no8.
6e cannot1 +o8e2er1 )se t+ese ter's of tra2elln& clar2o"ance19
$s"c+cal n2ason19 and t+e l3e1 8t+o)t 'a3n& so'e s)&&eston to8ards
an nter'edate conce$ton of s$aceso'et+n& bet8een s$ace as 8e 3no8
t n t+e 'ateral 8orld and s$ace as 8e 'a&ne t to dsa$$ear n t+e deal
8orld8+c+ 'a" enable t+e reader to &ras$ 8t+ less conf)son t+e
dsc)ssons 8+c+ follo8. Tele$at+" s a conce$ton nter'edate bet8een
t+e a$$arent solaton of 'nds +ere co'')ncatn& onl" as a r)le t+ro)&+
'ateral or&ans1 and t+e )lt'ate conce$ton of t+e )nt" of all 'nd. %nd
s'larl" t+e conce$ton 8+c+ I a' abo)t to $ro$ose1 of a reco&nton of
s$ace 8t+o)t o)r conco'tant s)bDecton to la8s of 'atter1 s strctl"
nter'edate bet8een 'an5s ncarnate condton and t+e condton of
e#e'$ton fro' o)r $resent for's of t+o)&+t to 8+c+ 8e 'a" 'a&ne +'
)lt'atel" to attan. I 'a" &o f)rt+er and sa" t+at t+e &eneral drft of all o)r
e2dence 'a3es for t+e t+ess of continuity n cos'c $+eno'ena. 6e +a2e
no r&+t to ass)'e t+at o)r $+"scal deat+ s a )nE)e crss n o)r +stor"G
nor1 a&an1 f o)r so)l s)r22es1 t+at deat+ n2ol2es 'ore of c+an&e n t+e
so)l5s $erce$tons t+an 8e can $lanl" nfer t+at t must n2ol2e. 6e
$erce2e t+at t+e 'ateral bod" s destro"edG and 8e 'a" t+erefore nfer t+at
t+ere s no f)rt+er frcton or nerta to o2erco'e. 6e $erce2e t+at t+e
senseCor&ans $ers+ 8t+ t+e bod"G and 8e 'a" t+erefore nfer t+at t+ere are
ne8 for's of $erce$t2t". B)t 8e cannot $ossbl" nfer > priori t+at all
reco&nton of s$ace ')st needs dsa$$ear 8t+ t+e dsa$$earance of t+e
$artc)lar bodl" sensatons b" 'eans of 8+c+ o)r conce$ton of s$ace +as
been de2elo$ed. :nder ne8 condtons1 n2ol2n& t+e absence of 2aro)s
l'tatons 8+c+ no8 bnd )s1 t+ere 'a" e2en be a clearer and co'$leter
$erce$ton of s$ace t+an s at $resent $ossble to )s. 6e can at least 'a&ne
t+at a s$rt s+o)ld be essentall" independent of s$ace1 b)t "et ca$able of
recognising s$ace1 not onl" 8+le "et confned b" t+e 'ateral bod"1 b)t n
s)c+ acton as +e 'a" ta3e 8+en $artall" and te'$orarl"1 or 8+oll" and
$er'anentl"1 del2ered fro' t+e bod"5s constrant.
'1, . Pro2sonall" ad'ttn& t+s 2e81 let )s consder 8+at ran&e 8e
are no8 led to ass&n to nner 2son1 8+en t s no lon&er 'erel" s)bDect2e
b)t 2erdcalG brn&n& ne8s to t+e $erc$ent of act)al fact o)tsde +s o8n
or&ans'.
6e nfer t+at t 'a" re$resent to )s (*) 'ateral obDectsG or (.) s"'bols
of ''ateral t+n&sG (;) n 8a"s not necessarl" accordant 8t+ o$tcal
la8sG and (<) fro' a $ont of 2e8 not necessarl" located 8t+n t+e
or&ans'. I 8ll ta3e an ll)straton fro' a case 8+c+ 8ll later on be
E)oted n detal (666 C).
+i,HIH-
% /rs. 6l'ot +as a 2son of +er +)sband n a cabn n a dstant
stea'er. Besdes +er +)sband1 s+e sees n t+e cabn a stran&er (8+o 8as n
fact $resent t+ere)1 8t+ certan 'ateral detals. !o8 +ere I s+o)ld sa" t+at
/rs. 6l'ot5s nner 2son dscerned 'ateral obDects1 fro' a $ont of 2e8
o)tsde +er o8n or&ans'. B)t1 on t+e ot+er +and1 alt+o)&+ t+e $erce$ton
ca'e to +er n 2s)al ter's1 I do not s)$$ose t+at t 8as reall" optica, t+at t
ca'e t+ro)&+ t+e e"e.
/rs. 6l'ot '&+t bele2e1 sa"1 t+at +er +)sband5s +ead concealed fro'
+er so'e $art of t+e bert+ n 8+c+ +e la"G b)t t+s 8o)ld not 'ean a real
o$tcal conceal'ent1 b)t onl" a s$ecal drecton of +er attenton1 &)ded b"
$reconce2ed notons of 8+at 8o)ld be o$tcall" 2sble fro' a &2en $ont.
%s 8e $roceed f)rt+er 8e s+all see1 I t+n31 n 'an" 8a"s +o8 needf)l
s t+s e0cursive t+eor" to e#$lan many tele$at+c and a telFst+etc
e#$erencesG many, I 'ean1 of t+e cases 8+ere t8o 'nds are n
co'')ncaton1 and a t+e cases 8+ere t+e $erc$ent learns 'ateral facts
(as 8ords n a boo31 'ottoes n a n)ts+ell1 see ,*3 E1 &c.) 8t+ 8+c+ no
ot+er 3no8n 'nd s concerned.
%not+er 'ost '$ortant corollar" of t+s e#c)rs2e t+eor" ')st D)st be
'entoned +ere. If t+ere be s$rt)al e#c)rson to a $artc)lar $ont of s$ace1
t s conce2able t+at t+s s+o)ld n2ol2e not onl" t+e '&rant s$rt5s
$erce$ton $rom t+at $ont1 b)t also $erce$ton of t+at $ont b" $ersons
'aterall" $resent near t. T+at $ont 'a" beco'e a phantasmogenetic
centre, as 8ell as a centre of o)tloo3. In $lan 8ords1 f % +as s$rt)all"
n2aded B5s roo'1 and t+ere sees B1 B on +s $art 'a" see % s"'bolcall"
standn& t+ereG and C and , f $resent 'a" see % as 8ell.
T+s +nt1 +ere t+ro8n o)t as an addtonal ar&)'ent for t+e e#c)rs2e
t+eor"1 8ll fall to be de2elo$ed later on. 4or t+e $resent 8e ')st confne
o)r attenton to o)r ''edate s)bDectG t+e ran&e of 'an5s nner 2son1 and
t+e 'eans 8+c+ +e ')st ta3e to )nderstand1 to foster1 and to control t.
'1' . T+e 8ord control '$les re$resson as 8ell as &)danceG and 8e
+a2e seen t+at t+ere s n fact a class of nner 2sons 8+ere 'ere re$resson
s needed. T+e +all)cnator" delr)'1 ndeed1 of t+e dr)n3ard or t+e 'anac
t+e 'ost dsnte&rated o)t$)t of nner 2soncan seldo' be c+ec3ed
8+le t+e bran re'ans $osoned and )nso)nd. B)t t s a note8ort+" fact
t+at s)c+ de&enerat2e +all)cnatons as are at all c)rable are ')c+ 'ore
often c)rable b" +"$notc s)&&eston t+an n an" ot+er 8a". T+e sa'e 3nd
of nfl)ence 8+c+ &enerates +ar'less +all)cnatons can destro" +ar'f)l
ones. T+at e#tenson of $o8er o2er s)b'er&ed strata of t+e $atent5s 'nd1
t+at ablt" to to)c+ a dee$Cseated s$rn&1 8+c+ at frst see'ed a 'ere
scentfc c)rost"1 s fo)nd to +a2e a no2el $ractcal )se.
T+s s t+e frst and s'$lest ste$ n t+e control of nner 2son.
+i,HII-
'1* . T+e ne#t ste$ s one to 8+c+1 as t+e reader of '" c+a$ter on
+"$nots' alread" 3no8s1 I attrb)te an '$ortance ')c+ &reater t+an s
&enerall" accorded to t. I refer to t+e +"$notser5s $o8er not onl" of
controlln& b)t of inducing +all)cnatons n +s s)bDect.
T+ese I +a2e alread" descrbed n so'e detal. I +a2e notced t+e faclt"
of t+er $rod)cton1 t+er +ar'lessness1 t+e ad2ance 8+c+ t+e" s+o8 on
ordnar" 'a&nat2e $o8er. Let )s no8 consder t+e' n relaton to a 8der
feldG as t+e o)tco'e of central sensor" st')latonas t+e res)lt of an
e'$rcal effort to &)de and E)c3en t+e nner 2son.
It s at once clear t+at t+e e#$lanaton of nd)ced +"$notc +all)cnatons
8+c+ s offered n ordnar" +andboo3s s E)te ns)ffcent. %s I +a2e
alread" sad (n ,++)1 t+e e2ocaton of +all)cnatons s co''onl" s$o3en of
as a 'ere e#a'$le of t+e s)bDect5s obedience to t+e +"$notser. I tell '"
s)bDect to rase +s ar'1 and +e rases tG I tell +' to see a t&er n t+e roo'1
and +e sees one accordn&l".9 B)t 'anfestl" t+ese t8o ncdents are not on
t+e sa'e le2el1 and onl" a$$ear to be so t+ro)&+ a certan la#t" of
lan&)a&e. T+e )sa&e of s$eec+ allo8s 'e to sa"1 I 8ll 'a3e '" s)bDect
lft +s ar'19 alt+o)&+ I a' of co)rse )nable to affect t+e 'otor centres n
+s bran 8+c+ start t+at 'oton. B)t t s so eas" for a 'an to lft +s ar'
t+at '" s$eec+ ta3es t+at fa'lar $o8er for &ranted1 and notes onl" +s
readness to lft t 8+en I tell +'t+e +"$notc co'$lasance 8+c+
$ro'$ts +' to obe" 'e f I s)&&est t+s tr2al acton. B)t 8+en I sa"1 I
8ll 'a3e +' see a t&er19 I ta3e for &ranted a $o8er on +s $art 8+c+ s
not fa'lar1 8+c+ I +a2e no lon&er a r&+t to ass)'e. 4or )nder ordnar"
crc)'stances '" s)bDect s'$l" cannot see a t&er at 8llG nor can I affect
t+e 2s)al centres 8+c+ '&+t enable +' to do so. %ll t+at I can as3 +' to
do1 t+erefore1 s to c+oose t+s $artc)lar 8a" of ndcatn& t+at n +s
+"$notc condton +e +as beco'e able to st')late +s central sensor" tracts
'ore $o8erf)ll" t+an e2er before. In +s +"$notc co'$lasance +e ado$ts
'" s)&&estonG +e 'a3es t a selfCs)&&estonG +e )ses +s ne8l" de2elo$ed
fac)lt" n t+e tr2al 'anner 8+c+ I desre. It s not '" co''and1 b)t +s
fac)lt"1 t+at s t+e 3ernel of t+e 8+ole 'atter. Of 8+at 3nd $recsel"1 t+en1
s t+e ne8 ca$act" +ere n2ol2edW
O)r dsc)sson of +"$nots' n t+e last c+a$ter re2e8ed +"$notc
ncreases of fac)lt" of 2aro)s 3nds. 4rst of all ca'e t+at ncrease of
$rofo)nd or&anc fac)lt"1 of t+e 2&o)r of t+e n)trt2e s"ste'1 8+c+ les at
t+e base of $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs. T+en ca'e ncrease of sensblt" to e#ternal
st')lG +"$notc +"$erFst+esa1 or E)c3enn& of s&+t1 +earn&1 taste1 and
s'ellG a$$arentl" ca$able of ben& $)s+ed to an )n3no8n de&ree. T+en
ca'e a &ro)$ of e#tensons of fac)lt" to 8+c+ I &a2e t+e &eneral na'e of
hetersthesi. T+ese 8ere $erce$tons or dscr'natons of a no2el 3ndG
as of 'a&netc felds1 or of t+e contact of s$ecfc 'etals. 6e co)ld not1 of
co)rse1 deter'ne 8+et+er +i,HIJ- t+ese 8ere st')latons of $er$+eral or
of central sensblt"J 8+et+er t+e endCor&ans trans'tted a 'essa&e fro'
t+e o)ter 8orld n no2el ter's1 or 8+et+er t+e bran a$$led to a fa'lar
'essa&e a no2el delcac" of nter$retaton.
6e t+en $assed on to t+ose e#altatons of fac)lt" 8+c+ 8ere defntel"
central1 and 8+c+ 8ere no lon&er sensor"1 b)t affected rat+er t+e ntellect
or t+e 'oral sense. B)t n 'a3n& t+s transton I $assed E)c3l" o2er a
8de ran&e of $ossble st')latons to fac)lt"s)c+ st')latons1 na'el"1
as '&+t be a$$led to centra sensory tracts/ E)c3enn& t+e 'a&naton19
as 8e sa"1 and &2n& to 'a&es centrall" ntated so'et+n& 'ore of t+at
22dness to 8+c+ onl" 'a&es fro' t+e e#ternal 8orld can &enerall" attan.
To t+s class of st')l t s t+at o)r st)d" of +all)cnatons no8 brn&s
)s bac3. %nd n anot+er 8a" t+ese +all)cnatons connect t+e'sel2es 8t+
an alread" tra2ersed ran&e of $+eno'ena. T+e +all)cnatons 8t+ 8+c+ 8e
s+all care to deal are not 'ere cr)de e#ternalsatons of so'e nteror
co''oton1 s)c+ as t+e flas+ of l&+t 8t+ 8+c+ t+e o$tc tracts res$ond to
a blo8 on t+e +ead. T+e" are n 'ost cases elaborate $rod)ctsco'$le#
'a&es 8+c+ ')st +a2e needed ntell&ence to fas+on t+e'alt+o)&+ t+e
$rocess of t+er fas+onn& s +dden fro' o)r 2e8. In t+s res$ect t+e"
rese'ble t+e ns$ratons of &en)s. 4or +ere 8e fnd a&an D)st 8+at 8e
fo)nd n t+ose ns$ratonst+e )$r)s+ of a co'$le# ntellect)al $rod)ct1
$refor'ed beneat+ t+e t+res+old1 and $roDected read"C'ade nto ordnar"
consco)sness. T+e )$r)s+n& strea' of ntell&ence1 ndeed1 n t+e 'an of
&en)s flo8ed +abt)all" n confor't" 8t+ t+e s)$erfcal strea'. Onl"
rarel" does t+e &reat conce$ton ntr)de tself )$on +' 8t+ s)c+ 2&o)r
and s)c+ )nt'elness as to brn& conf)son and nco+erence nto +s
ordnar" lfe. B)t n t+e case of t+ese nd)ced +all)cnatons t+e ncon&r)t"
bet8een t+e t8o strea's of ntell&ence s ')c+ 'ore 'ar3ed. 6+en a
s)bDect1 for nstance1 s tr"n& to 3ee$ do8n so'e $ostC+"$notc
+all)cnator" s)&&eston1 one can 8atc+ t+e s'oot+ s)rface of t+e
s)$ral'nal r2er dst)rbed b" t+at s)&&eston1 as t+o)&+ b" Dets of stea'
fro' belo81 8+c+ so'et'es 'erel" brea3 n b)bbles1 b)t so'et'es force
t+e'sel2es )$ bodl" t+ro)&+ t+e s)$erfcal fl'.
'1) . It s b" consdern& +all)cnatons n t+s &eneralsed 'anner and
a'on& t+ese analo&es1 t+at 8e can best realse t+er absence of necessar"
connecton 8t+ an" bodl" de&eneraton or dsease. Often1 of co)rse1 t+e"
acco'$an" dseaseG b)t t+at s onl" to sa" t+at t+e central sensor" tracts1
l3e an" ot+er $art of t+e or&ans'1 are ca$able of 'orbd as 8ell as of
+ealt+f)l st')l)s. Ta3en n tself1 t+e 'ere fact of t+e E)asCe#ternalsaton
of a centrall" ntated 'a&e ndcates stron& central st')laton1 and
absol)tel" not+n& 'ore. T+ere s no $+"solo&cal la8 8+ate2er 8+c+ can
tell )s 8+at de&ree of 22dness o)r central $ct)res 'a" ass)'e
consstentl" 8t+ +ealt+s+ort of t+e $ont 8+ere t+e" &et to +i,HIK- be so
ndstn&)s+able fro' e#ternal $erce$tons t+at1 as n 'adness1 t+e"
nterfere 8t+ t+e ratonal cond)ct of lfe. T+at $ont no 8ellCattested case of
2erdcal +all)cnatons1 so far as '" 3no8led&e &oes1 +as "et a$$roac+ed.
It 8as1 of co)rse1 nat)ral t+at n t+e st)d" of t+ese $+antas's1 as
else8+ere1 t+e t+era$e)tc nterest s+o)ld +a2e $receded t+e $s"c+olo&cal.
/en5s need to )nderstand t+e'sel2es +as ne2er been so $ressn& as t+er
need to 3ee$ t+e'sel2es al2e and co'fortable. In t+e $o$)lar 'nd t+e rats
and sna3es t+at terrf" t+e dr)n3ard stand1 one 'a" sa"1 for t+e 8+ole
cate&or" of e#ternalsed E)asC$erce$tsG and t+e $lan d)t" of 'an see's to
be to a2od t+e'. ()c+ a 2e8stll ln&ern& n a 'odfed for' e2en n
so'e scentfc crcles')st &rad)all" &2e 8a" to t+e ne8er feeln& t+at t
s onl" b" &aNn& lon& and $rofo)ndl" nto 'an t+at 8e can learn +o8 to
'$ro2e +' n a $rofo)nd and lastn& 8a"G and t+at t s on 'an5s stead"
and &enerc e2ol)ton1 rat+er t+an on +s occasonal and nd2d)al
de&eneratons1 t+at t+e 'an t+o)&+t and effort of scence ')st +encefort+
be f#ed.
*
T+e 'an )se of 3no8n& n 8+at 8a"s t+e race tends to sl$
bac38ards s t+at 8e 'a" 3no8 +o8 to $ress t for8ard nstead. In s+ort1 t
s a scence of eugenics rat+er t+an of t+era$e)tcs 8+c+ s t+e
c+aracterstc1 t+e $r'ar" scence for an" l2n& and 'odfable raceG and
for o)r da8nn& $ractcal scence of e)&encs e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&" s
t+e nds$ensable t+eoretc $rec)rsor.
T+ese reflectons1 I s)$$ose1 l3e 'an" ot+ers n t+s 8or31 8ll for t+e
$resent +o2er1 as t 8ere1 n 'en5s 'nds bet8een t+e $arado# and t+e
tr)s'. To t)rn t+e' defntel" nto tr)s's t s1 I t+n31 onl" needf)l t+at
t+e st)d" of nner 2son s+o)ld be $)rs)ed e#$er'entall" b" co'$etent
$ersons fro' ts 2er" nce$ton )$ to t+e 'ost ad2anced de&ree 8+c+
e#$er'entaton can attan. In t+e 'eant'e I can offer as )s)al onl" t+e
vindemiatio prima, t+e scant" and +ast" frst n&at+ern&s fro' an
)n+ar2ested feld.
'19 . I +a2e s$o3en of t+e +all)cnatons 8+c+ suggestion can nd)ce1
d)rn& or after t+e +"$notc trance1 or n so'e fe8 cases n a s)bDect n t+e
8a3n& condton. 6t+ t+e $ossblt" of s)c+ E)asC$erce$ts +i,HIL- t+e
8orld s no8 fa'lar1 +o8e2er lttle attenton t+er tr)e s&nfcance 'a"
+a2e rece2ed. B)t 8+en 8e lea2e t+ese1 to 8+at ')st 8e ne#t t)rnW Can
t+s for' of e#$er'ent be 2ared and '$ro2ed )$onW Can 8e &et rd of t+e
s)$erfl)o)s and ntensf" t+e nterestn& $artW
6e +a2e been st)d"n& t+e +all)cnator" 'a&es &enerated n obedence
to %5s s)&&eston n t+e 'nd of t+e +"$notsed B.
!o81 n t+e frst $lace1 t s no lon&er nterestn& to )s t+at % s+o)ld
+a2e an" drectn& 2oce n startn& t+e 'a&es. It s B5s 'nd t+at 8e 8ant
to st)d"1 and 8e 8o)ld rat+er lea2e t )ndst)rbed b" ordnar" 2erbal
s)&&estonG alt+o)&+1 of co)rse1 8e s+all be &lad to obser2e tele$at+c
'$act1 f 8e can.
In t+e second $lace1 t 8o)ld $lanl" be 'ore con2enent f 8e co)ld
ds$ense 8t+ +"$notsaton1 and &et B to see and descrbe t+e +all)cnatons
n +s 8a3n& state. B)t can B &et at t+ese s)bl'nal $ct)res b" an" 'ere
effort of 8llW Can +e do an"t+n& 'ore t+an s'$l" s)''on )$ 'e'or"C
'a&es and co'bne t+e' n fantastc 8a"sW Can +e &et at an"t+n& dee$er
t+an 2a&)e da"Cdrea's or scra$$" recollectonsW Let )s consder 8+et+er1
a$art fro' s)c+ a rare and startln& ncdent as an act)al +all)cnaton1 t+ere
s an" $re2o)s ndcaton of a +abt of rece2n&1 or a $o8er of s)''onn&1
$ct)res fro' a s)bl'nal storeC+o)seW %n" selfCs)&&eston1 consco)s or
)nconsco)s1 8+c+ $laces before t+e s)$ral'nal ntell&ence 2s)al
'a&es a$$arentl" 'at)red else8+ereW
()c+ ndcatons +a2e not been 8antn&. In t+e c+a$ter on Gen)s1 n t+e
c+a$ter on (lee$1 and n '10 A 8e +a2e traced t+e e#stence of 'an" classes
of t+ese $ct)resG all of t+e' read"1 as t 8o)ld see'1 to 'anfest
t+e'sel2es on sl&+t nd)ce'ent. *ream,$igures 8ll rse n an" 'o'entar"
bl)r of consco)snessG inspirations 8ll res$ond to t+e concentrated desre
or t+e 'ere $assn& e'oton of t+e 'an of &en)sG a$ter,images 8ll rec)r1
)nder )n3no8n condtons1 lon& after t+e or&nal st')l)s +as been
8t+dra8nG memory,images 8ll s)r&e )$ nto o)r 'nds 8t+ e2en
)n8s+edCfor 22dnessG t+e brllant e#actness of iusions hypnagogiques
8ll astons+ )s n t+e re2ealn& transton fro' 8a3n& to slee$.
%ll s $re$ared1 so to sa"1 for so'e e'$rcal s+ortCc)t to a f)ller control
of t+ese s)bDacent $ct)resG D)st as before /es'er and P)"sU&)r all 8as
$re$ared for an e'$rcal s+ortCc)t to trance1 so'na'b)ls'1 s)&&estblt".
%ll t+at 8e 8ant s to +t on so'e s'$le e'$rcal 8a" of brn&n& o)t
t+e correlaton bet8een all t+ese t"$es of s)bDacent 2son1 D)st as
'es'ers' 8as a s'$le e'$rcal 8a" of brn&n& o)t t+e correlaton
bet8een 2aro)s trances and slee$C8a3n& states.
'(0 . Crysta,vision, t+en1 l3e +"$notc trance1 '&+t +a2e been
&rad)all" e2ol2ed b" a seres of reasoned e#$er'ents1 alon& an
)ne#ce$tonable scentfc road.
In realt"1 of co)rse1 t+s $re+storc $ractce ')st +a2e been reac+ed +i,
HIM- n so'e E)te dfferent 8a". It does not fall 8t+n t+e sco$e of t+s
boo3 to trace t+e 2aro)s strea's of d2naton 8+c+ con2er&e nto ,r.
,ee5s 'a&c1 and t+e attractn& of s$rts nto t+e ball.9 B)t t s reall" to
t+e ElNabet+an ,r. ,eeone of t+e leadn& savants of +s t'et+at t+e
credt ')st be &2en of t+e frst s"ste'atc atte'$t to descrbe1 anal"se1 and
)tlse t+ese e#ternalsed $ct)res.
*
4ro' t+e t'e of ,r. ,ee t+e $ractce +ad contn)ed1 fantl" and
nter'ttentl"1 n En&land as n 'an" ot+er co)ntres. T+e /ss %.9 of o)r
&roceedings (2ol. 2. $. <@A) +ad +er attenton drected to t+s $s"c+cal
artfce b" a s$ontaneo)s s"'bolcal 2son of a &olden 3e" l"n& at t+e
botto' of a &lass of 8ater. I sa8 +er )se a cr"stalG tred t '"self1 b)t n
2anG and be&&ed ot+ers to tr" t. (e2eral of t+ese e#$er'enters $ro2ed
s)ccessf)lG es$ecall" /ss Goodrc+C4reer1 8+ose caref)l obser2atons
+a2e been1 n '" 2e81 of &reat '$ortance n s+o8n& t+e 8de ran&e of
$+eno'ena 8+c+ t+s s'$le artfce can nd)ce. Ot+er obser2ers (/ss
%n&)s19 &c.) +a2e follo8edG and t s alread" clear t+at 8e +a2e +ere one of
t+e 'ost $)ssant a)tosco$es9 (to )se a 8ord of Professor Barrett5s) 8+c+
e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&" can offer.
'(1 . Before ctn& nd2d)al cases1 t 8ll be 8ell to descrbe brefl"
t+e &eneral t"$e of t+e e#$er'ent1 and to see +o8 near 8e can &et to a
$s"c+olo&cal e#$lanaton.
Let t+e obser2er &aNe1 steadl" b)t not fat&)n&l"1 nto so'e s$ec)l)'1
or clear de$t+1 so arran&ed as to ret)rn as lttle reflecton as $ossble. %
&ood e#a'$le of 8+at s 'eant 8ll be a &lass ball en2elo$ed n a blac3
s+a8l1 or $laced n t+e bac3 $art of a +alfCo$ened dra8erG so arran&ed1 n
s+ort1 t+at t+e obser2er can &aNe nto t 8t+ as lttle dstracton as 'a" be
fro' t+e reflecton of +s o8n face or of s)rro)ndn& obDects. %fter +e +as
tred (sa") t+ree or fo)r t'es1 for ten 'n)tes or so at a t'e$referabl" n
solt)de1 and n a state of 'ental $ass2t"+e 8ll $er+a$s be&n to see t+e
&lass ball or cr"stal couding, or to see so'e f&)re or $ct)re a$$arentl" in
t+e ball. Per+a$s one 'an or 8o'an n t8ent" 8ll +a2e so'e sl&+t
occasonal e#$erence of t+s 3ndG and $er+a$s one n t8ent" of t+ese seers
(t+e $ercenta&es ')st as "et be 'anl" &)essC8or3) 8ll be able b" $ractce
to de2elo$ t+s fac)lt" of n8ard 2son )$ to a $ont 8+ere t 8ll
so'et'es con2e" to +' nfor'aton not attanable b" ordnar" 'eans.
-o8 co'es t1 n t+e frst $lace1 t+at +e sees an" f&)re n t+e cr"stal at
allW Co''on +"$notc e#$er'ents s)$$l" t8o ob2o)s ans8ers1 eac+ of
8+c+ no do)bt e#$lans so'e $art of t+e $+eno'ena.
In t+e frst $lace1 8e 3no8 t+at t+e +"$notc trance s often nd)ced b"
&aNn& at so'e s'all br&+t obDect. T+s 'a" or 'a" not be a 'ere effect of
s)&&estonG b)t t certanl" so'et'es occ)rs1 and t+e scr"er9 +i,HIN-
conseE)entl" 'a" be $artall" +"$notsed1 and n a state 8+c+ facltates
+all)cnatons.
In t+e second $lace1 a +"$notsed s)bDect+"$notsed b)t n a f)ll" alert
statecan often be ca)sed b" s)&&eston to see (sa") a $ortrat )$on a blan3
cardG and 8ll contn)e to see t+at $ortrat on t+at card1 after t+e card +as
been s+)ffled 8t+ ot+ersG t+)s s+o8n& t+at +e dscerns 8t+ )n)s)al
ac)teness s)c+ points de rep=re, or lttle &)dn& 'ar3s1 as 'a" e#st on t+e
s)rface of e2en an a$$arentl" blan3 card.
Corres$ondentl" 8t+ t+e $irst of t+ese obser2atons1 8e fnd t+at
cr"stalC2son s so'et'es acco'$aned b" a state of $artal +"$notsaton1
$er+a$s 'er&n& nto trance. T+s +as been t+e case 8t+ 2aro)s 4renc+
+"stercal s)bDectsG and not onl" 8t+ t+e' b)t 8t+ t+at e#ce$tonall"
so)nd and 2&oro)s obser2er1 /r. 7. G. Re)le'ans. -s e2dence (see
&roceedings, (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ?*BK?.*) s D)st 8+at one 8o)ld +a2e
e#$ected > priori on s)c+ a 'atter.
Corres$ondentl" 8t+ t+e second of t+e abo2e obser2atons1 8e fnd t+at
points de rep=re do occasonall" see' to deter'ne cr"stal 2sons.
T+s1 a&an1 +as been notced a'on& t+e 4renc+ +"stercal s)bDectsG and
not onl" 8t+ t+e'1 b)t 8t+ anot+er a'on& o)r best obser2ers1 /rs. Verrall
(see '(3 A).
'(( . T+ese t+n&s ben& sobot+ t+ese ca)ses ben& a$$arentl"
o$erat2e alon& t+e 8+ole seres of scr"ers19 or cr"stalC&aNers1 fro' t+e
'ost )nstable to t+e 'ost scentfcone '&+t be te'$ted to ass)'e t+at
t+ese t8o cl)es1 f 8e co)ld follo8 t+e' far eno)&+1 8o)ld e#$lan t+e
8+ole &ro)$ of $+eno'ena. Persons 8+o +a2e not seen t+e $+eno'ena1
ndeed1 can +ardl" be $ers)aded to t+e contrar". B)t t+e real fact s1 as e2en
t+ose 8+o +a2e seen ')c+ less of cr"stalC&aNn& t+an I +a2e 8ll 2er" 8ell
3no81 t+at t+ese e#$lanatons cannot be stretc+ed to co2er a E)arter
$er+a$s not e2en a tent+of t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ act)all" occ)r.
7)d&n& bot+ fro' t+e test'on" of scr"ers t+e'sel2es1 and fro' t+e
obser2atons of ,r. -od&son and ot+ers ('"self ncl)ded)1 8+o +a2e +ad
'an" o$$ort)ntes of 8atc+n& t+e'1 t s 2er" seldo' t+at t+e &aNe nto
t+e &lass ball nd)ces an" +"$notc s"'$to's 8+ate2er. It does not nd)ce
s)c+ s"'$to's 8t+ s)ccessf)l scr"ers an" 'ore t+an 8t+ )ns)ccessf)l.
4)rt+er'ore1 t+ere s no $roof t+at t+e &ft of cr"stalC2son &oes alon& 8t+
+"$notc sensblt". T+e 'ost t+at one can sa" s t+at t+e &ft often &oes
alon& 8t+ teepathic sensblt"G b)t alt+o)&+ tele$at+c sensblt" 'a"
so'et'es be E)c3ened b" +"$nots'1 8e +a2e no $roof t+at t+ose t8o
for's of senst2eness +abt)all" &o to&et+er.
T+e ordnar" attt)de of t+e scr"er1 I re$eat1 s one of co'$lete
detac+'entG an nterested and often $)NNled scr)tn" and anal"ss of t+e
f&)res 8+c+ ds$la" t+e'sel2es n s8ft or slo8 s)ccesson n t+e cr"stal
ball.
T+s last sentence a$$les to t+e t+eor" of points de rep=re as 8ell. %s
+i,HIO- a &eneral r)le1 t+e cr"stal 2son1 +o8e2er 'eann&less and fantastc1
s a t+n& 8+c+ c+an&es and de2elo$s so'e8+at as a drea' doesG
follo8n&1 t 'a" be1 so'e tr2al c+an of assocatons1 b)t not 'antann&1
an" 'ore t+an a drea' 'antans1 an" contn)o)s sc+e'e of lne or colo)r.
%t t+e 'ost1 t+e scra$s of reflecton n t+e cr"stal co)ld onl" start s)c+ a
seres of $ct)res as t+s. %nd t+e start1 t+e ntaton of one of t+ese seres1 s
often acco'$aned b" an odd $+eno'enon 'entoned abo2ea miBy
couding of t+e cr"stal1 8+c+ obsc)res an" fra&'ents of reflected 'a&es1
and fro' o)t of 8+c+ t+e 'a&es of t+e 2son &rad)all" &ro8 clear. I
cannot e#$lan t+s clo)dn&. It occ)rs too often and too nde$endentl" to be
a 'ere effect of s)&&eston It does not see' to de$end on an" o$tcal
condtonto be1 for nstance1 a res)lt of c+an&e of foc)s of t+e e"e1 or of
$rolon&ed &aNn&. It s a $ct)re l3e ot+er $ct)resG t 'a" co'e 8+en t+e
e"es are E)te fres+ (nor o)&+t t+e" e2er to be straned)G and t 'a" $ersst
for so'e t'e1 so t+at t+e scr"er loo3s a8a" and bac3 a&an1 and sees t stll.
It co'es at t+e be&nnn& of a frst seres of $ct)res1 or as a 3nd of dro$C
scene bet8een one seres of $ct)res and anot+er. Its closest $arallel1
$er+a$s1 s t+e 'st or clo)d o)t of 8+c+ $+antas'al f&)res1 o)t n t+e
roo'19 so'et'es see' to for' t+e'sel2es.
/oreo2er1 t+e connecton1 f one can so call t1 bet8een t+e cr"stal and
t+e 2son s a 2er" 2arable one. (o'et'es t+e f&)res see' clearl"
defned 8t+n t+e cr"stal and l'ted t+ereb"J so'et'es all $erce$ton of
t+e cr"stal or ot+er s$ec)l)' dsa$$ears1 and t+e scr"er see's clar2o"antl"
ntrod)ced nto so'e &ro)$ of lfeCsNed f&)res. !a"1 f)rt+er1 8+en t+e
+abt of &aNn& s f)ll" acE)red1 so'e scr"ers can ds$ense 8t+ an"
s$ec)l)' 8+ate2er1 and can see $ct)res n 'ere blac3nessG t+)s
a$$ro#'atn& to t+e seers of faces n t+e dar319 or of iusions
hypnagogiques.
'(3 . On t+e 8+ole t see's safest to atte'$t at $resent no f)rt+er
e#$lanaton of cr"stalC&aNn& t+an to sa" t+at t s an e'$rcal 'et+od of
de2elo$n& nternal 2sonG of e#ternalsn& $ct)res 8+c+ are assocated
8t+ c+an&es n t+e sensoral tracts of t+e bran1 d)e $artl" to nternal
st')l1 and $artl" to st')l 8+c+ 'a" co'e fro' 'nds e#ternal to t+e
scr"er5s o8n. T+e +all)cnatons t+)s nd)ced a$$ear to be absol)tel"
+ar'less. I at least 3no8 of no 3nd of nD)r" res)ltn& fro' t+e'G and I
+a2e $robabl" +eard of 'ost of t+e e#$er'ents 'ade n En&land1 8t+ an"
scentfc a' or care1 d)rn& t+e so'e8+at l'ted re22al of cr"stalC&aNn&
8+c+ +as $roceeded for t+e last fe8 "ears. 6e stll 8ant to 3no8 'ore on
e2er" $ont connected 8t+ t+ese 2sons. -o8 far1 for nstance1 do t+e"
follo8 o$tcal la8sW Is t+ere an" tendenc" to co'$le'entar" colo)rn&1 so
t+at a &reen $ct)re 8o)ld be seen after a redW %re t+e" 'a&nfed b" t+e
nter$oston of a 'a&nf"n& &lassW and1 f so1 s t+s a 'ere res)lt of
s)&&eston1 or of t+e $resence of so'et+n& n t+e feld of 2e8 8+c+ s
reall" +i,HJP- 'a&nfedW 6o)ld t+e" be 'a&nfed f t+e scr"er dd not
3no8 t+at a 'a&nfer 8as nter$osed1 or1 on t+e ot+er +and1 f +e bele2ed
t+at a $lan &lass nter$osed 8as a 'a&nferW (o'e nterestn& e#$er'ents
on t+ese and 3ndred E)estons 8ll be fo)nd n '(3 A . I can 'a&ne no
ftter $roble' for researc+ n a $s"c+olo&cal laborator".
'(+ . % s'$ler e#$er'ent1 8+c+ s+o)ld be 8t+n t+e $o8er of al'ost
an" one 8+o +as a &ood +"$notc s)bDect1 s t+e follo8n&J ,escrbe so'e
+storc scene to t+e entranced s)bDect1 telln& +' t+at +e 8ll see t+e scene1
as +e conce2es t1 n a &lass ball 8+en +e a8a3es. %8a3en +'1 and 'a3e
+' loo3 nto t+e ball. -e s t+en confronted 8t+ +s o8n 'ental 'a&es1 as
t+o)&+ n an e#ternal $ct)re1 and +e e#$lans t+e' as best +e can. If t+ese
e#ternalsed $ct)res s+o8 a tendenc" to contan e#$lanator" 8ords1 +el$n&
+' to &ras$ t+er 'eann&1 t 8ll be needf)l to s)&&est n t+e trance t+at no
s)c+ 8ords s+o)ld a$$ear. In t+e e#$er'ents 8+c+ I E)ote n '(+ A 1 t
8ll be seen t+at t+e +"$notc strat)' sent )$ no s)c+ e#$lanaton alon&
8t+ t+e $ct)resG so t+at t 8as safe to offer t+ese 8or3n& lads lar&e s)'s
of 'one" f t+e" co)ld tell 'e t+e s)bDects of $ct)res 8+c+ t+e" 8ere
act)all" dra8n& fro' 'e'ores of t+er o8n not f2e 'n)tes old. T+ese
e#$er'ents1 8+c+ I record at so'e len&t+ as e'nentl" s)table for
re$etton1 8ere 'ade 8t+ t8o e#cellent +"$notc s)bDects 8t+ 8+o' t+e
late Ed')nd G)rne" and /rs1 (d&8c3 +ad lon& 8or3ed.
'(, . T+ese e#$er'ents ll)strate t+e &rad)al transton bet8een t+e
co''on for's of $ostC+"$notc +all)cnaton1 8+c+1 +o8e2er s)r$rsn& at
frst1 are no8 )nds$)ted1 and t+e cr"stalC2son 8+c+ I a' an#o)s to
$resent as no occ)lt $ractce9 or s)$erstto)s fanc"1 b)t as t+e e'$rcal
de2elo$'ent of $rocesses 'ore fa'lar b)t E)te eE)all" e'$rcal.
B)t1 ndeed1 as 8t+ a)to'atc scr$t1 so +ere also 8e s+all soon fnd t+at
+"$notc e#$er'ents of t+s 3nd are not necessar" n order to con2nce )s
t+at t+e cr"stalC$ct)res are1 n t+er o8n sense1 a realt". X)te a$art fro'
t+e veridicaity of so'e of t+e'Gt+e ntrnsc e2dence 8+c+ t+e" contan
of 3no8led&e o)tsde t+e e#$er'enter5s ordnar" 3no8led&eGt+e" occ)r
to a &reater or less e#tent 8t+ so 'an" $ersons of sant" and $robt" t+at
8e can no 'ore do)bt t+er e#stence t+an 8e can do)bt t+e e#stence of t+e
alled $+eno'ena of +"$na&o&c +all)cnatons or of colo)red a)dton
alread" dsc)ssed I &2e n %$$endces an acco)nt of se2eral '$ortant
&ro)$s of t+ese cr"stalC2sons.
'(' . T+e cr"stalC2sons 8+c+ t+e reader 8ll fnd n detal n t+ose
%$$endces +a2e been n one sense lo&call" $laced at t+s $ont n '"
ar&)'ent. 6e are dsc)ssn& t+e contro o$ in#ard vision, and cr"stal&aNn&
stands alon& 8t+ +"$notc s)&&eston as an e'$rcal 'et+od of
establs+n& t+at control.
% &eneral re2e8 of res)lts alread" t+)s obtaned 8as needed for
co'$arson +i,HJG- 8t+ t+e $+eno'ena of s$ontaneo)s n8ard 2sont+e
2erdcal +all)cnatonsof 8+c+ 8e s+all $resentl" +a2e to treat.
B)t fro' anot+er $ont of 2e8 t+e cr"stalC2sons co'e +ere too earl"
n o)r sc+e'e. 4or fe8 of o)r $+eno'ena are l3el" to str3e t+e reader as
'ore fantastc and ncredble. T+e 2sons a$$ear a#ess/t see's to
de$end on 'ere c+ance 8+et+er one sees a s3eleton or a scene of one5s
c+ld+ooda nonsenscal strn& of letters1 or a $ct)re of 8+at a frend s
don& at a dstancea P)nc+ and 7)d" s+o81 or a $ro$+etc 2son.
In a sense t+s s soG t+e cr"stal $ct)re s 8+at 8e ')st call (for 8ant of
3no8led&e of deter'nn& ca)ses) a random &l'$se nto nner 2son1 a
reflecton ca)&+t at so'e odd an&le fro' t+e )n2erse as t s+nes t+ro)&+
t+e $ert)rbn& 'ed)' of t+at s$ecal so)l. !or'al and s)$ernor'al
3no8led&e and 'a&nn&s are blended n stran&el" 'n&led ra"s. /e'or"1
drea'1 tele$at+"1 telFst+esa1 retroco&nton1 $reco&nton1 all are t+ere.
!a"1 t+ere are ndcatons of s$rt)al co'')ncatons and of a 3nd of
ecstas".
*
'(* . 6e cannot $)rs)e all t+ese $+eno'ena at once. In t)rnn&1 as 8e
')st no8 t)rn1 to t+e spontaneous cases of sensor" a)to'ats'of e2er"
t"$e of 8+c+ t+e induced 2sons of t+e cr"stal +a2e afforded )s a foretaste
8e ')st needs sn&le o)t frst so'e f)nda'ental $+eno'enon1
ll)stratn& so'e $rnc$le fro' 8+c+ t+e rarer or 'ore co'$le#
$+eno'ena 'a" be n $art at least der2ed. !or 8ll t+ere be dffc)lt" n
s)c+ a c+oce. T+eor" and act)al e#$erence $ont +ere n t+e sa'e
drecton. If t+s n8ard 2son1 t+s n8ard a)dton1 on 8+ose '$ortance I
+a2e been nsstn&1 are to +a2e an" s)c+ '$ortancef t+e" are to +a2e
an" 2aldt" at allf t+er contents are to re$resent an"t+n& 'ore t+an
drea' or 'edtatont+e" ')st rece2e 3no8led&e fro' ot+er 'nds or
fro' dstant obDectsG3no8led&e 8+c+ s not rece2ed b" t+e e#ternal
or&ans of sense. Co'')ncaton ')st e#st fro' t+e s)bl'nal to t+e
s)bl'nal as 8ell as fro' t+e s)$ral'nal to t+e s)$ral'nal $arts of t+e
ben& of dfferent nd2d)al 'en. Tele$at+"1 n s+ort1 ')st be t+e
$rereE)ste of all t+ese s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena.
%ct)al e#$erence1 as 8e s+all $resentl" see1 confr's t+s 2e8 of t+e
$lace of tele$at+". 4or 8+en 8e $ass fro' t+e nd)ced to t+e s$ontaneo)s
$+eno'ena 8e s+all fnd t+at t+ese ll)strate before all else t+s
trans'sson of t+o)&+t and e'oton drectl" fro' 'nd to 'nd.
'() . !o8 as to tele$at+"1 t+ere s n t+e frst $lace t+s to be sad1 t+at
s)c+ a fac)lt" ')st absol)tel" e#st so'e8+ere n t+e )n2erse1 f t+e
)n2erse contans an" )ne'boded ntell&ences at all. Onl" f all t+e lfe of
t+e cos'os be ncarnated n or&ans's l3e o)r o8n1 s t conce2able t+at
all co'')ncaton 'a" $ass t+ro)&+ sensor" c+annels rese'bln& +i,HJH-
o)rs. If t+ere be an" lfe less rooted n fles+an" lfe 'ore s$rt)al (as 'en
+a2e s)$$osed t+at a +&+er lfe 8o)ld be)1 t+en et+er t ')st not be socia
lfet+ere can be no e#c+an&e of t+o)&+t n t at allor else t+ere ')st
e#st so'e 'et+od of e#c+an&n& t+o)&+t 8+c+ does not de$end )$on
et+er ton&)e or bran.
T+)s ')c+1 one 'a" sa"1 +as been e2dent snce 'an frst s$ec)lated on
s)c+ s)bDects at all. B)t t+e ad2ance of 3no8led&e +as added a ne8
$res)'$tont can be no 'ore t+an a $res)'$tonto all s)c+ cos'c
s$ec)latons. I 'ean t+e $res)'$ton of continuity. Learnn& +o8 close a te
n realt" )ntes 'an 8t+ nferor l2es1once treated as so'et+n& 8+oll"
alen1 '$assabl" se$arated fro' t+e +)'an race8e are led to conce2e
t+at a close te 'a" )nte +' also 8t+ s)$eror l2es1t+at t+e seres 'a"
be f)nda'entall" )nbro3en1 t+e essental E)altes of lfe t+e sa'e
t+ro)&+o)t. It )sed to be as3ed 8+et+er 'an 8as a3n to t+e a$e or to t+e
an&el. I re$l" t+at t+e 2er" fact of +s 3ns+$ 8t+ t+e a$e s $roof
$res)'$t2e of +s 3ns+$ 8t+ t+e an&el.
It s nat)ral eno)&+ t+at 'an5s nstnct2e feeln& s+o)ld +a2e
antc$ated an" ar&)'ent of t+s s$ec)lat2e t"$e. /en +a2e n 'ost a&es
bele2ed1 and do stll 8del" bele2e1 n t+e realt" of $ra"erG t+at s1 n t+e
$ossblt" of tele$at+c co'')ncaton bet8een o)r +)'an 'nds and
'nds abo2e o)r o8n1 8+c+ are s)$$osed not onl" to )nderstand o)r 8s+
or as$raton1 b)t to '$ress or nfl)ence )s n8ardl" n ret)rn.
(o 8del" s$read +as been t+s belef n $ra"er t+at t s so'e8+at
stran&e t+at 'en s+o)ld not +a2e 'ore co''onl" 'ade 8+at see's t+e
nat)ral ded)ctonna'el"1 t+at f o)r s$rts can co'')ncate 8t+ +&+er
s$rts n a 8a" transcendn& sense1 t+e" 'a" also $er+a$s be able n l3e
'anner to co'')ncate 8t+ eac+ ot+er. T+e dea1 ndeed1 +as been t+ro8n
o)t at nter2als b" leadn& t+n3ersfro' %)&)stne to Bacon1 fro' Bacon
to Goet+e1 fro' Goet+e to Tenn"son.
Isolated e#$er'ents fro' t'e to t'e ndcated ts $ractcal tr)t+. Yet
t s onl" 8t+n t+e last fe8 "ears t+at t+e 2a&)e and floatn& noton +as
been de2elo$ed nto defnte t+eor" b" s"ste'atc e#$er'ent.
'(9 . To 'a3e s)c+ e#$er'ent $ossble +as ndeed been no eas" 'atter.
It +as been needf)l to elct and to solate fro' t+e co'$le# e'otons and
nteractons of co''on lfe a certan $s"c+cal ele'ent of 8+ose nat)re and
8or3n& 8e +a2e before+and b)t a 2er" obsc)re dea.
If ndeed 8e $ossessed an" certan 'et+od of detectn& t+e acton of
tele$at+"1of dstn&)s+n& t fro' c+anceCconcdence or fro'
)nconsco)s s)&&eston18e s+o)ld $robabl" fnd t+at ts acton 8as
8del" dff)sed and 'n&led 8t+ ot+er 'ore co''on$lace ca)ses n 'an"
ncdents of lfe. 6e s+o)ld fnd tele$at+"1 $er+a$s1 at t+e base of 'an"
s"'$at+es and ant$at+es1 of 'an" 8de co'')ntes of feeln&G
o$eratn&1 t 'a" be1 n cases as dfferent as t+e E)asCreco&nton of so'e
frend n a stran&er seen at a dstance D)st before t+e frend +'self
)ne#$ectedl" +i,HJI- a$$ears1 and t+e &hXmX or R)'o)r 8+c+ n
-ndostan or n ancent Greece s sad to +a2e often s$read far an
ne#$lcable 3no8led&e of 2ctor" or dsaster.
Co)ld t+e &ro8n& nfl)ence of tele$at+" be t+)s traced on8ards fro'
co'')ncatons 8+ere t 'erel" 22fes1 so to sa"1 an e'oton or a
3no8led&e 'anl" d)e to co''on sensor" so)rcesto co'')ncatons
8+ere no s)c+ ordnar" 'eans of 3no8led&e can +a2e nter2ened1 8e '&+t
learn ')c+ of t+e nter8ea2n& of sensor" and s)$ersensor" fac)lt" 8+c+
8e cannot at $resent reac+.
6e cannot do t+s1 I sa"1 beca)se 8e are obl&ed1 for t+e sa3e of
clearness of e2dence1 to set asde1 8+en dealn& 8t+ e#$er'entaton1 all
t+ese '#ed e'otonal cases1 and to start fro' tele$at+c co'')ncatons
ntentonall" $lanned to be so tr2al1 so de2od of assocatons or e'otons1
t+at t s+all be '$ossble to refer t+e' to an" co''on 'e'or" or
s"'$at+"G to an"t+n& sa2e a drect trans'sson of dea1 or '$)lse1 or
sensaton1 or 'a&e1 fro' one to anot+er 'nd.
T+e +stor" of t+e frst s$oradc atte'$ts at t+s for' of e#$er'ent n
t+e earl" da"s of 'es'ers'1 of t+e 2aro)s ste$s b" 8+c+ recent 8or3ers
+a2e de2elo$ed and s"ste'atsed t+e n2est&aton1 and of t+e 2ared1 "et
concordant1 res)lts alread" obtaned1 ')st1 I t+n31 be re&arded as one of t+e
'ost '$ortant c+a$ters n $s"c+olo&".
'30 . On t+at c+a$ter1 t+en1 t 8o)ld be needf)l for 'e no8 to e'bar31
b)t t+at1 n '" 2e81 t +as been alread" 8rtten b" a 'asterC+and. I s$ea3
fro' too nt'ate a connecton of frends+$ 8t+ t+e late Ed')nd G)rne"
to allo8 'e to &2e f)ll e#$resson to '" o$non of t+e E)alt" of +s 8or31
and of ts 2al)e to t+e 8orld. B)t at t+s s$ecal $ont t+e ar&)'ent of '"
o8n boo3 co'es nto contact so close 8t+ &hantasms o$ the .iving, t+at I
a' forced to c+oose bet8een t8o co)rses. I ')st et+er '"self re8rte +s
C+a$ters II. and III.8t+ ')c+ addtonal e2dence1 ndeed1 b)t 8t+ less
of fres+ness and of scentfc s3llor I ')st transfer ')c+ of t+ose
c+a$ters to '" o8n $a&es1 8or3n& n o)r addtonal e2dence 8+ere I dee'
t+at +e 8o)ld +'self +a2e nserted t. I +a2e c+osen t+e second alternat2e.
T+e fate of &hantasms o$ the .iving +as been n one 8a" $ec)larl"
)nfort)nate. % $oneer boo3 on a no2el and co'$le# s)bDect1 t needed to
create ts o8n $)blcG 8+le at t+e sa'e t'e t 8as not onl" t+e o$non b)t
t+e confdent +o$e of ts a)t+or and +s collaborators t+at f t+e de'and for
a second ss)e ca'e1 t+e accreton of e2dence and t+e $ro&ress of t+e
nE)r" 8o)ld t+en necesstate an a'o)nt of c+an&e1 enlar&e'ent1
reconsderaton1 s)c+ as s seldo' called for bet8een a frst and a second
edton. B" t+e t'e t+at t+e frst lar&e edton 8as e#+a)sted*AABK*AA@
t+s e#$ectaton of $ro&ress n o)r 3no8led&e of t+e s)bDect +ad been
a'$l" f)lflled. B)t n t+e 'eant'e t+e a)t+or +ad $assed fro' eart+. !o
one of t+e s)r22ors felt co'$etent to t+e tas3 of re$rod)cn& t+e 8or3 n
s)c+ for' as G)rne" 8o)ld no8 +a2e 8s+ed t to ass)'e. Rel)ctantl" 8e
&a2e )$ +i,HJJ- t+e atte'$t.
*
-o8e2er1 t+e boo31 of co)rse1 s)bsstsG t can
be fo)nd n 'an" lbraresG t s stll nds$ensable for an" one 8+o desres
to 'a3e +s st)d" of t+e s)bDect co'$lete. 4or t+ose 8+o cannot cons)lt t1
t+e n)'ero)s e#tracts n '" %$$endces 8ll &2e so'e noton of ts st"le
and 'et+ods.
'31 . /ean8+le1 t+e e2dence collected n t+e %$$endces to '30 8ll
carr" )s o2er certan ste$$n&Cstones of &reat '$ortance to o)r &eneral
ar&)'ent. (ettn& asde for t+e $resent t+e motor a)to'ats's to be
dsc)ssed later (n C+a$ter VIII.)1 and confnn& o)r attenton to t+e sensory
alone1 8e see t+at tele$at+" 'a" act )$on eac+ defnte t"$e of sensaton n
t)rn1 or 'a" &enerate 2a&)e '$ressons not referable to an" s$ecal or&an
of sense. 6e +a2e seen t+at t+e +"$notc trance asssts b)t s not essental to
ts acton. 6e see t+at t+ere s a farl" contn)o)s transton fro'
e#$er'ental to s$ontaneo)s tele$at+"9 (e.g. n t+e case of ,r. and /rs. (.1
'30 F )G so t+at at no $ont s t+ere a decs2e &a$G alt+o)&+ t s of co)rse
'$ossble to sa" t+at t+e a&enc" o$erat2e n close $ro#'t" s absol)tel"
dentcal 8t+ t+e a&enc" o$erat2e at ndefnte dstances. T+e one 'a"
dffer fro' t+e ot+er1 for e#a'$le1 n so'e s)c+ 8a" as co+eson dffers
fro' &ra2taton.
T+e reader1 I tr)st1 8ll carr" a8a" fro' t+e e2dence or&nall"
ncl)ded n t+ese c+a$ters of Ed')nd G)rne"5s1 and fro' t+at 8+c+ I E)ote
n addton1 a $rett" clear noton of 8+at can at $resent act)all" be done n
t+e 8a" of e#$er'ental transferences of s'all defnte deas or $ct)res
fro' one or 'ore $ersonst+e a&ent9 or a&ents9to one or 'ore
$ersonst+e $erc$ent9 or $erc$ents.9 In t+ese e#$er'ents act)al
contact +as been forbdden1 to a2od t+e rs3 of )nconsco)s ndcatons b"
$ress)re. In 'an" cases1 +o8e2er1 t+e a&ent and $erc$ent +a2e been n t+e
sa'e roo'G and t+ere +as t+erefore stll been so'e $ossble rs3 of
)nconsco)s 8+s$ern&a rs3 8+c+ +as been f)ll" dsc)ssed (see ,*3 A)1
and1 as I bele2e1 s)ccessf)ll" a2oded. It s1 +o8e2er1 at $resent stll
do)btf)l +o8 far close $ro#'t" reall" o$erates n ad of tele$at+"1 or +o8
far ts ad2anta&e s a 'ere effect of selfCs)&&estonon t+e $art et+er of
a&ent or of $erc$ent. (o'e fe8 $ars of e#$er'entersnotabl" t+e late
/r. Rr3 8t+ /ss G. (630 D) and /r. Glardon 8t+ /rs. /. (630 E)
+a2e obtaned res)lts of D)st t+e sa'e t"$e at dstances of +alf a 'le or
'ore. ('larl"1 n t+e case of nd)cton of +"$notc trance1 ,r. Gbert1 as
8e +a2e alread" seen (568 A)1 attaned at t+e dstance of nearl" a 'le
res)lts 8+c+ are )s)all" s)$$osed to reE)re close and act)al $resence.
'3( . 6e ')st clearl" realse t+at n tele$at+c e#$er'ent 8e enco)nter
D)st t+e sa'e dffc)lt" 8+c+ 'a3es o)r res)lts n +"$notc +i,HJK-
t+era$e)tcs so )n$redctable and rre&)lar. 6e do not 3no8 +o8 to &et o)r
s)&&estons to taBe hod of t+e s)bl'nal self. T+e" are lable to fal for t8o
'an reasons. Et+er t+e" so'e+o8 ne2er reach t+e s)bl'nal centres
8+c+ 8e 8s+ to affect1 or t+e" fnd t+ose centres $reocc)$ed 8t+ so'e
selfCs)&&eston +ostle to o)r be+est. T+s so)rce of )ncertant" can onl" be
re'o2ed b" a far &reater n)'ber of e#$er'ents t+an +a2e "et been 'ade
e#$er'ents re$eated )ntl 8e +a2e oftener str)c3 )$on t+e +a$$" 2ens
8+c+ 'a3e )$ for an ''ense a'o)nt of sterle e#$loraton. /eant'e 8e
')st record1 b)t can +ardl" nter$ret. Yet t+ere s one $ro2sonal
nter$retaton of tele$at+c e#$er'ent 8+c+ ')st be notced t+)s earl" n
o)r dsc)sson1 beca)se1 f tr)e1 t 'a" conce2abl" connect o)r &ro$n&
8or3 8t+ 'ore ad2anced de$art'ents of scence1 8+le1 f seen to be
nadeE)ate1 t 'a" bd )s t)rn o)r nE)r" n so'e ot+er drecton. I refer to
t+e s)&&eston t+at tele$at+" s $ro$a&ated b" bran8a2es9G or1 as (r 6.
Croo3es +as 'ore e#actl" e#$ressed t1 b" et+er8a2es of e2en s'aller
a'$lt)de and &reater freE)enc" t+an t+ose 8+c+ carr" t+e 0 ra"s. T+ese
8a2es are conce2ed as $assn& fro' one bran to anot+er1 and aro)sn& n
t+e second bran an e#ctaton or 'a&e s'lar to t+e e#ctaton or 'a&e
fro' 8+c+ t+e" start n t+e $irst. T+e +"$ot+ess s an attract2e oneG
beca)se t fts an a&enc" 8+c+ certanl" e#sts1 b)t 8+ose effect s
)n3no8n1 to an effect 8+c+ certanl" e#sts1 b)t 8+ose a&enc" s )n3no8n.
'33 . In t+s 8orld of 2bratons t 'a" see' at frst t+e s'$lest $lan to
n2o3e a 2braton t+e 'ore. It 8o)ld be ras+1 ndeed1 to affr' t+at an"
$+eno'enon $erce$tble b" 'en 'a" not be e#$ressble1 n $art at least1 n
ter's of et+ereal )nd)latons. B)t n t+e case of tele$at+" t+e analo&" 8+c+
s)&&ests t+s e#$lanaton1 t+e ob2o)s l3eness bet8een t+e $ct)re e'tted
(so to sa") b" t+e a&ent and t+e $ct)re rece2ed b" t+e $erc$entas 8+en
I f# '" 'nd on t+e t8o of da'onds1 and +e sees a 'ental $ct)re of t+at
card&oes b)t a 2er" s+ort 8a". One +as 2er" soon to be&n ass)'n& t+at
t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd modi$ies t+e $ct)re des$atc+ed fro' t+e a&entJ )ntl
t+e l3eness bet8een t+e t8o $ct)res beco'es a E)te s"'bolcal affar. 6e
+a2e seen t+at t+ere s a contn)o)s transton fro' e#$er'ental to
s$ontaneo)s tele$at+"G fro' o)r transferred $ct)res of cards to 'ontons
of a frend5s deat+ at a dstance. T+ese 'ontons 'a" ndeed be $ct)res of
t+e d"n& frend1 b)t t+e" are seldo' s)c+ $ct)res as t+e decedent5s bran
see's l3el" to $roDect n t+e for' n 8+c+ t+e" reac+ t+e $erc$ent. /r. L.
to ta3e a 8ellC3no8n case n o)r collecton (&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol.
. $. .*>)des of +eart dsease 8+en n t+e act of l"n& do8n )ndressed1 n
bed. %t or abo)t t+e sa'e 'o'ent /r. !. 7. (. sees /r. L. standn& besde
+' 8t+ a c+eerf)l ar1 dressed for 8al3n& and 8t+ a cane n +s +and.
One does not see +o8 a s"ste' of )nd)latons co)ld +a2e trans')ted t+e
$+"scal facts n t+s 8a".
% stll &reater dffc)lt" for t+e 2bratonCt+eor" s $resented b"
coective +i,HJL- tele$at+c +all)cnatons. It s +ard to )nderstand +o8 %
can e't a $attern of 2bratons 8+c+1 radatn& eE)all" n all drectons1
s+all affect not onl" +s dstant frend B1 b)t also t+e stran&ers C and ,1 8+o
+a$$en to be standn& near BGand affect no ot+er $ersons1 so far as 8e
3no81 n t+e 8orld.
'3+ . T+e abo2e $onts +a2e been far 'atter of ar&)'ent al'ost snce
o)r researc+ be&an. B)t as o)r e2dence +as de2elo$ed1 o)r conce$ton of
tele$at+" +as needed to be 'ore and 'ore &eneralsed n ot+er and ne8
drectons1stll less co'$atble 8t+ t+e 2braton t+eor". T+ree s)c+
drectons 'a" be brefl" s$ecfed +erena'el"1 t+e relaton of tele$at+"
5a6 to telFst+esa or clar2o"ance1 5b6 to t'e1 and 5c6 to dse'boded s$rts1
5a6 It s ncreasn&l" +ard to refer all t+e scenes of 8+c+ $erc$ents beco'e
a8are to t+e acton of an" &2en 'nd 8+c+ s $erce2n& t+ose dstant
scenes. T+s s es$ecall" notceable n cr"stalC&aNn& e#$er'ents1 5a6 %nd
t+ese cr"stal 2sons also s+o8 8+at1 fro' t+e strct tele$at+c $ont of 2e81
8e s+o)ld call a &reat la#t" of t'e relatons. T+e scr"er c+ooses +s o8n
t'e to loo3 n t+e ballGand t+o)&+ so'et'es +e sees e2ents 8+c+ are
ta3n& $lace at t+e 'o'ent1 +e 'a" also see $ast e2ents1and e2en1 as t
see's1 f)t)re e2ents (c$. ''3 ). I at least cannot den" precognition, nor can I
dra8 a defnte lne a'd t+ese co'$le# 2sons 8+c+ 'a" se$arate
$reco&nton fro' tele$at+". 5c6 Preco&nton tself 'a" be e#$laned1 f "o)
8ll1 as tele$at+" fro' dse'boded s$rtsGand t+s 8o)ld at an" rate
brn& t )nder a class of $+eno'ena 8+c+ I t+n3 all st)dents of o)r s)bDect
')st before lon& ad't. %d'ttn& +ere1 for ar&)'ent5s sa3e1 t+at 8e do
rece2e co'')ncatons fro' t+e dead 8+c+ 8e s+o)ld ter' tele$at+c f
8e rece2ed t+e' fro' t+e l2n&1 t s of co)rse o$en to )s to conDect)re
t+at t+ese 'essa&es also are con2e"ed on et+erC8a2es. B)t snce t+ose
8a2es do not at an" rate e'anate fro' 'ateral brans1 8e s+all b" t+s t'e
+a2e &ot so far fro' t+e or&nal branC8a2e +"$ot+ess t+at fe8 8ll care
stll to defend t.
I do)bt1 ndeed1 8+et+er 8e can safel" sa" of tele$at+" an"t+n& 'ore
defnte t+an t+sJ .i$e has the po#er o$ mani$esting itse$ to i$e. T+e la8s of
lfe1 as 8e +a2e t+)s far 3no8n t+e'1 +a2e been onl" la8s of lfe 8+en
alread" assocated 8t+ 'atter. T+)s l'ted1 8e +a2e learnt lttle as to
Lfe5s tr)e nat)re. 6e 3no8 not e2en 8+et+er Lfe be onl" a drect2e 4orce1
or1 on t+e ot+er +and1 an effect2e Ener&". 6e 3no8 not n 8+at 8a" t
o$erates on 'atter. 6e can n no 8a" defne t+e connecton bet8een o)r
o8n consco)sness and o)r or&ans's. 7)st +ere t s1 I s+o)ld sa"1 t+at
tele$at+c obser2atons o)&+t to s)$$l" )s 8t+ so'e +nt. 4ro' t+e 'ode n
8+c+ so'e ele'ent of one nd2d)al lfe1a$art fro' 'ateral '$act1
&ets +old of anot+er or&ans'1 8e 'a" n t'e learn so'et+n& of t+e 8a"
n 8+c+ o)r o8n lfe &ets +old of o)r o8n or&ans'1and 'antans1
nter'ts1 or abandons ts or&anc s8a".
*
+i,HJM-
'3, . T+e +"$ot+ess 8+c+ I s)&&ested n &hantasms o$ the .iving
tself1 n '" !ote on a $ossble 'ode of $s"c+cal nteracton19 see's to
'e to +a2e been rendered ncreasn&l" $la)sble b" e2dence of 'an" 3nds
snce rece2edG e2dence of 8+c+ t+e lar&er $art falls o)tsde t+e l'ts of
t+s $resent 8or3. I stll bele2eand 'ore confdentl" t+an n *AABt+at a
$s"c+cal n2ason9 does ta3e $laceG t+at a $+antas'o&enetc centre9 s
act)all" establs+ed n t+e $erc$ent5s s)rro)ndn&sG t+at so'e 'o2e'ent
bearn& so'e relaton to s$ace as 8e 3no8 t s act)all" acco'$ls+edG and
so'e $resence s transferred1 and 'a" or 'a" not be dscerned b" t+e
n2aded $ersonG so'e $erce$ton of t+e dstant scene n tself s acE)red1
and 'a" or 'a" not be re'e'bered b" t+e n2ader.
B)t t+e 8ords 8+c+ I a' +ere be&nnn& to )se carr" 8t+ t+e'
assocatons fro' 8+c+ not t+e scentfc reader alone 'a" 8ell s+rn3 n
ds&)st. I a' falln& nto t+e lan&)a&e of a $alFolt+c $s"c+olo&"9nto
t+e +abts of t+o)&+t of t+e sa2a&e 8+o bele2es t+at "o) can tra2el n
drea's and nfest "o)r ene'" as a +a)ntn& s$rt. 4)ll" realsn& t+e
offence 8+c+ s)c+ e#$ressons ')st &2e1t+e a$$arent le2t" of a ret)rn
to conce$tons so enor'o)sl" o)t of date1I see no better lne of e#c)se
t+an s'$l" to retrace to '" reader t+e 8a" n 8+c+ t+e &rad)al accreton
of e2dence +as obl&ed 'e1 for t+e 'ere sa3e of co2ern& all t+e
$+eno'ena1 to )se $+rases and ass)'$tons 8+c+ &o far be"ond t+ose
8+c+ Ed')nd G)rne" and I e'$lo"ed n o)r frst $a$ers on t+s nE)r" n
*AA;.
'3' . T+e facts of t+e case1 t+en1 are brefl" as follo8s. 6+en n *AA.
o)r s'all &ro)$ be&an t+e collecton of e2dence bearn& )$on 2erdcal
+all)cnatons9or a$$artons 8+c+ concded 8t+ ot+er e2ents n s)c+ a
8a" as to s)&&est a ca)sal connecton8e fo)nd t+at t+e s)bDect +ad +ardl"
as "et been sero)sl" attac3ed. Cases1 ndeed1 of 2aro)s 3nds +ad been
2a&)el" recordedG b)t scarcel" an" of t+ese reac+ed t+e e2dental le2el on
8+c+ 8e 8s+ed o)r narrat2es to stand. O)r o8n collecton 8as 'serabl"
scant" as co'$ared 8t+ t+e 'a&nt)de of t+e +ar2est 8atn& to be rea$edG
b)t at t+e sa'e t'e t 8as co$o)s eno)&+ to ndcate t+ose t"$es of
concdental a$$arton 8+c+ 8ere at once co''onest and 'ost ca$able of
e2dental treat'ent. T+ese 8ere a$$artons of l2n& $ersons1 concdn&
8t+ so'e crss 8+c+ t+ose $ersons 8ere )nder&on& at a dstanceG and
es$ecall" t+e a$$artons of $ersons 8+o '&+t ndeed be re&arded as stll
l2n&1 b)t 8+o 8ere )nder&on& t+e crss of deat+. T+ese cases1 I sa"1 8ere
t+e frst to attan to a n)'ber and a 8e&+t 8+c+ carred con2cton to o)r
o8n 'nds1 and n 2aro)s $a$ers n t+e (.P.R. &roceedings, and t+en n
&hantasms o$ the .iving, t+e" 8ere set fort+ n e2dental for'1 and 8ere
connected 8t+ e#$er'ental tele$at+"1 ben& t+e'sel2es re&arded as
s$ontaneo)s e#a'$les1 )$on a 'ore '$ress2e scale1 of t+ese transferences
of '$resson fro' one to anot+er 'nd.
B)t at t+e sa'e t'e t+ere 8ere scattered a'on& t+ese cases fro' t+e +i,
HJN- frst certan t"$es 8+c+ 8ere 8t+ dffc)lt" red)cble )nder t+e
conce$ton of tele$at+" $)re and s'$lee2en f s)c+ a conce$ton co)ld
be dstnctl" for'ed. (o'et'es t+e a$$arton 8as seen b" 'ore t+an one
$erc$ent at oncea res)lt 8+c+ 8e co)ld +ardl" +a2e e#$ected f all t+at
+ad $assed 8ere t+e transference of an '$resson fro' t+e a&ent5s 'nd to
anot+er 'nd1 8+c+ t+en boded fort+ t+at '$resson n e#ternalsed s+a$e
accordn& to la8s of ts o8n str)ct)re. T+ere 8ere nstances1 too1 8+ere t+e
$erc$ent see'ed to be t+e a&ent alson so far t+at t 8as +e 8+o +ad an
'$resson of +a2n& so'e+o8 2sted and noted a dstant scene1 8+ose
occ)$ant 8as not necessarl" consco)s of an" ''edate relaton 8t+ +'.
Or so'et'es t+s tele$at+c clar2o"ance9 de2elo$ed nto rec$roct"19
and eac+ of t+e t8o $ersons concerned 8as consco)s of t+e ot+erGt+e
scene of t+er enco)nter ben& t+e sa'e n t+e 2son of eac+1 or at least t+e
e#$erence ben& n so'e 8a" co''on to bot+. T+ese and co&nate
dffc)ltes 8ere $resent to '" 'nd fro' t+e frstG and n t+e abo2eC
'entoned !ote on a s)&&ested 'ode of $s"c+cal nteracton19 ncl)ded n
2ol. . of &hantasms o$ the .iving, I ndcated brefl" t+e e#tenson of t+e
tele$at+c t+eor" to 8+c+ t+e" see'ed to 'e to $ont.
'3* . /eant'e cases of certan ot+er defnte t"$es contn)ed to co'e
steadl" to +and1 alt+o)&+ n lesser n)'bers t+an t+e cases of a$$arton at
deat+. To 'enton t8o '$ortant t"$es onl"t+ere 8ere a$$artons of t+e
soCcalled dead, and t+ere 8ere cases of precognition. 6t+ re&ard to eac+ of
t+ese classes1 t see'ed reasonable to defer belef )ntl t'e s+o)ld +a2e
s+o8n 8+et+er t+e nfl)# of frstC+and cases 8as l3el" to be $er'anentG
8+et+er nde$endent 8tnesses contn)ed to testf" to ncdents 8+c+ co)ld
be better e#$laned on t+ese +"$ot+eses t+an on an" ot+er. Before Ed')nd
G)rne"5s deat+ n *AAA o)r cases of a$$artons and ot+er 'anfestatons of
t+e dead +ad reac+ed a de&ree of 8e&+t and consstenc" 8+c+1 as +s last
$a$er s+o8ed1 8as be&nnn& to con2nce +' of t+er 2erdcal c+aracterG
and snce t+at date t+ese +a2e been ')c+ f)rt+er ncreasedG and es$ecall"
+a2e dra8n fro' /rs. P$er5s and ot+er tranceC$+eno'ena an )ne#$ected
enlar&e'ent and corroboraton. T+e e2dence for co'')ncaton fro' t+e
de$arted s no8 n '" $ersonal est'ate E)te as stron& as t+at for tele$at+c
co'')ncaton bet8een t+e l2n&G and t s 'oreo2er e2dence 8+c+
ne2tabl" alters and 8dens o)r conce$ton of tele$at+" bet8een l2n&
'en.
T+e e2dence for $reco&nton1 a&an1 8as fro' t+e frst scanter1 and
+as ad2anced at a slo8er rate. It +as ncreased steadl" eno)&+ to lead 'e to
feel confdent t+at t 8ll +a2e to be sero)sl" rec3oned 8t+G b)t I cannot
"et sa"as I do sa" 8t+ reference to t+e e2dence for 'essa&es fro' t+e
de$artedt+at al'ost e2er" one 8+o acce$ts o)r e2dence for tele$at+" at
all1 ')st )lt'atel" acce$t t+s e2dence also. It ')st r)n on at an" rate for
so'e "ears lon&er before t s+all +a2e accreted a con2ncn& 8e&+t.
+i,HJO-
B)t at 8+ate2er $ont one or anot+er nE)rer 'a" +a$$en at $resent to
stand1 I )r&e t+at t+s s t+e reasonable co)rse for con2cton to follo8. 4rst
anal"se t+e 'scellaneo)s strea' of e2dence nto defnte t"$esG t+en
obser2e t+e freE)enc" 8t+ 8+c+ t+ese t"$es rec)r1 and let "o)r sense of
t+er '$ortance &rad)all" &ro81 f t+e e2dence &ro8s also.
!o8 t+s 'ode of $roced)re e2dentl" e#cl)des all defnte > priori
2e8s1 and co'$els one5s conce$tons to be lttle 'ore t+an t+e 'ere
&ro)$n& to 8+c+ t+e facts t+)s far 3no8n +a2e to be s)bDected n order
t+at t+e" 'a" be realsed n t+er ensembe.
!o 'ore a'bto)s t+an t+s s '" $alFolt+c $s"c+olo&".9 I 'erel"
endea2o)r1 l3e '" cannbal $rec)rsors1 to fnd a for')la 8+c+ 8ll
so'e+o8 co2er t+e obser2ed factst+o)&+ 8t+ t+s dfference1 t+at 8+ere
t+e" fnd t+er for')la easl" credble1 and do not care 8+at 8+te 'en sa"1
I fnd '" for')la credble 8t+ dffc)lt"credble 'anl" D)st beca)se I
+a2e +eard 8+at 8+te 'en sa"1 and beca)se I cannot t+n3 t+at t+e" +a2e
sa2ed t+e $+eno'ena9or +a2e e2en s+o8n ')c+ 'ore &ras$ t+an t+e
(tone %&e $ossessed of t+e l't of cos'c $ossbltes.
6+at defnte reason do I 3no8 8+" t+s s+o)ld not be tr)eW9t+s s
t+e E)eston 8+c+ needs to be $)s+ed +o'e a&an and a&an f one s to
realseand not n t+e ordnar" $at+s of scentfc s$ec)laton alone+o8
$rofo)nd o)r &norance of t+e :n2erse reall" s.
/" o8n &norance1 at an" rate1 I reco&nse to be s)c+ t+at '" notons of
t+e $robable or '$robable n t+e :n2erse are not of 8e&+t eno)&+ to lead
'e to set asde an" facts 8+c+ see' to 'e 8ell attested1 and 8+c+ are not
s+o8n b" e#$erts act)all" to conflct 8t+ an" betterCestabls+ed facts or
&eneralsatons. 6de t+o)&+ t+e ran&e of establs+ed scence 'a" be1 t
re$resents1 as ts 'ost farCs&+ted $ro$+ets are t+e frst to ad't1 a narro8
&lance onl" nto t+e )n3no8n and nfnte real' of la8.
'3) . T+e e2dence1 t+en1 leadn& 'e t+)s )nresstn& alon&1 +as led 'e
to t+s 'an dfference fro' o)r earl" treat'ent of 2erdcal $+antas's.
Instead of startn& fro' a rootCconce$ton of a tele$at+c '$)lse 'erel"
$assn& fro' 'nd to 'nd1 I no8 start fro' a rootCconce$ton of t+e
dssocablt" of t+e self1 of t+e $ossblt" t+at dfferent fractons of t+e
$ersonalt" can act so far nde$endentl" of eac+ ot+er t+at t+e one s not
consco)s of t+e ot+er5s acton.
!at)rall" t+e t8o conce$tons concde o2er ')c+ of t+e &ro)nd. 6+ere
e#$er'ental t+o)&+tCtransference s concernede2en 8+ere t+e co''oner
t"$es of concdental $+antas's are concernedt+e second for')la see's
a needless and )n$ro2able 2araton on t+e frst. B)t as soon as 8e &et
a'on& t+e dffc)lt t"$esrec$rocal cases1 clar2o"ant cases1 collect2e
cases1 abo2e all1 'anfestatons of t+e dead8e fnd t+at t+e conce$ton of
a tele$at+c '$)lse as a 'essa&e des$atc+ed and t+en left alone1 as t 8ere1
to effect ts $)r$ose needs 'ore and 'ore of strann&1 of 'an$)laton1 to
ft t to t+e e2dence. On t+e ot+er +and1 t s +i,HKP- D)st n t+ose dffc)lt
re&ons t+at t+e analo&es of ot+er s$lts of $ersonalt" rec)r1 and t+at
$+antas'al or a)to'atc be+a2o)r recalls to )s t+e be+a2o)r of se&'ents
of $ersonalt" detac+ed fro' $r'ar" $ersonalt"1 b)t o$eratn& t+ro)&+ t+e
or&ans' 8+c+ s co''on to bot+.
T+e nno2aton 8+c+ 8e are +ere called )$on to 'a3e s to s)$$ose t+at
se&'ents of t+e $ersonalt" can o$erate n a$$arent se$araton fro' t+e
or&ans'. ()c+ a s)$$oston1 of co)rse1 co)ld not +a2e been started
8t+o)t $roof of tele$at+"1 and co)ld 8t+ dffc)lt" be s)staned 8t+o)t
$roof of s)r22al of deat+. B)t1 &2en tele$at+"1 8e +a2e some $s"c+cal
a&enc" connected 8t+ 'an o$eratn& a$art fro' +s or&ans'. G2en
s)r22al1 8e +a2e an ele'ent of +s $ersonalt"to sa" t+e least of t
o$eratn& 8+en +s or&ans' s destro"ed. T+ere s t+erefore no 2er" &reat
addtonal b)rden n s)$$osn& t+at an ele'ent of +s $ersonalt" 'a"
o$erate a$art fro' +s or&ans'1 8+le t+at or&ans' stll e#sts.
Ce nQest que e premier pas qui co[te. If 8e +a2e once &ot a 'an5s
thought o$eratn& a$art fro' +s bod"f '" f#aton of attenton on t+e
t8o of da'onds does so'e+o8 so 'odf" anot+er 'an5s bran a fe8 "ards
off t+at +e see's to see t+e t8o of da'onds floatn& before +'t+ere s
no ob2o)s +altn&C$lace on his sde tll 8e co'e to $ossesson9 b" a
de$arted s$rt1 and t+ere s no ob2o)s +altn&C$lace on my sde tll 8e
co'e to tra2elln& clar2o"ance19 8t+ a corres$ondn& 2sblt" of '"
o8n $+antas' to ot+er $ersons n t+e scenes 8+c+ I s$rt)all" 2st. !o
ob2o)s +altn&C$lace1 I sa"G for t+e $ont 8+c+ at frst see's abr)$tl"
transtonal +as been alread" s+o8n to be onl" t+e crtcal $ont of a
contn)o)s c)r2e. I 'ean1 of co)rse1 t+e $ont 8+ere consco)sness s
d)$lcated8+ere eac+ se&'ent of t+e $ersonalt" be&ns to $ossess a
se$arate and defnte1 b)t conte'$oraneo)s strea' of 'e'or" and
$erce$ton. T+at t+ese can e#st conc)rrentl" n t+e sa'e or&ans' o)r
st)d" of +"$nots' +as alread" s+o8n1 and o)r st)d" of 'otor a)to'ats's
8ll stll f)rt+er $ro2e to )s.
-ere1 t+en1 8e see n o$eraton D)st t+e 3nd of s$lt 8+c+ 8o)ld +a2e
see'ed 'ost defntel" '$robable before+and. 6+ate2er9 (t+e obDector
'&+t +a2e t+o)&+t) 'a" be t+e 2a&ares of s$rt1 f s$rt e#st1 t s +ard
to s)$$ose t+at a brain, constr)cted to &2e e#$resson to one sn&le
ntell&ence1 acc)sto'ed to coCordnate 'an" 'nor '$)lses )nder one
central control1 can e#$ress t8o conc)rrent strea's of ntell&ence1 t+e
secondar" ntell&ence s+o8n& no s&n of dsor&ansaton1 b)t ben& often
at least t+e eE)al of t+e frst.9 6e 3no81 +o8e2er1 t+at t+s 3nd of 'ental
analo&)e of d)$le# tele&ra$+" s not fo)nd n $ractce a1 dffc)lt". 6+et+er
t+e secondar" ntell&ence re$resent anot+er $+ase of t+e $r'ar" or be t+e
'anfestaton of so'e e#traneo)s 'nd1 t see's at an" rate to +a2e $lent"
of roo' to 8or3 n. !a"1 'ore t+an t8o strea's of ntell&ence +a2e n t+s
boo3 alread" been seen1 and 8ll be a&an seen later on1 to be able to o$erate
t+ro)&+ t+e sa'e or&ans'1 8t+ '$erfectons +i,HKG- a$$arentl" 'erel"
d)e to defect of e#ternal ')sc)lar 'odes of selfCe#$resson.
'39 . ()c+1 t+en1 ben& t+e obser2ed facts1 8e cannot s)$$ose t+at t+e"
+a2e alread" re2ealed to )s all t+e 8a"s n 8+c+ dssocatons of
$ersonalt" 'a" ta3e $lace1 On t+e $rnc$le of contn)t" 8e '&+t e2en
e#$ect to fnd so'et+n& nter'edate bet8een t+e dssocatons 8+c+
e#$ress t+e'sel2es t+ro)&+ t+e bran and t+at &reat dssocaton n 8+c+
t+e bran s at last dscarded for &ood and all n 8+at 8e 3no8 as ,eat+.
%lread" n a certan sense a 'an s n t8o $laces at once 8+en +s bran s
actn& as t8o centres for t8o dfferent &ro)$s of t+e ele'ents of c+aracter
and 'e'or". T+ere s alread" 8+at t+e sc+ool'en called a blocaton19
alt+o)&+ t s +dden a'on& )nseen cells. %nd before 8e reac+ t+e s)$re'e
dssocaton of deat+1 8e s+all be $re$ared b" t+s lne of ar&)'ent for
e2dence 8+c+ s+o8s s$rt)al act2t" at a dstance d)rn& t+e co'atose
condton 8+c+ often $recedes and 'er&es nto deat+. T+at $+eno'enon
8ll $resent tself as a for' of dssocaton1 8t+ so'e analo&es to deat+ on
t+e one +and1 and so'e analo&es to t+e +"$notc trance on t+e ot+er.
'+0 . *issociation o$ personaity, combined #ith activity in the
metetheria environment/ s)c+1 n t+e $+raseolo&" )sed n t+s boo31 8ll be
t+e for')la 8+c+ 8ll 'ost easl" co2er t+ose act)all" obser2ed facts of
2erdcal a$$arton on 8+c+ 8e ')st no8 enter at consderable len&t+.
%nd after t+s $rel'nar" e#$lanaton I s+all as3 lea2e to )se for clearness
n '" ar&)'ent s)c+ 8ords as are s'$lest and s+ortest1 +o8e2er 2a&)e or
ds$)table t+er connotaton 'a" be. I ')st needs1 for nstance1 )se t+e
8ord s$rt19 8+en I s$ea3 of t+at )n3no8n fracton of a 'an5s $ersonalt"
not t+e s)$ral'nal fracton8+c+ 8e dscern as o$eratn& before or
after deat+ n t+e 'etet+eral en2ron'ent. 4or t+s conce$ton I can fnd no
ot+er ter'1 b)t b" t+e 8ord spirit I 8s+ to '$l" not+n& 'ore defnte t+an
t+s. Of t+e s$rt5s relaton to s$ace1 or (8+c+ s a $art of t+e sa'e
$roble') to ts o8n s$atal 'anfestaton n defnte for'1 so'et+n& +as
alread" been sad1 and t+ere 8ll be 'ore to sa" +ereafter. %nd s'larl"
t+ose ter's1 invader or invaded, fro' 8+ose stran&eness and barbart" o)r
''edate dsc)sson be&an1 8ll de$end for t+er 'eann& )$on
conce$tons 8+c+ t+e e2dence tself ')st &rad)all" s)$$l".
'+1 . T+at e2dence1 as t no8 les before )s1 s $er$le#n&l" 2aro)s
bot+ n content and E)alt". 4or so'e of t+e canons needed n ts anal"ss I
+a2e alread" referred t+e reader to lon& e#tracts fro' Ed')nd G)rne"5s
8rtn&s. Certan $onts ')st stll be 'entoned +ere before t+e narrat2e
be&ns.
It ')st be re'e'bered1 n t+e frst $lace1 t+at all t+ese 2erdcal or
concdental cases stand o)t to&et+er as a sn&le &ro)$ fro' a bac3&ro)nd of
+all)cnatons 8+c+ n2ol2e no concdence1 8+c+ +a2e no cla' to
2erdcalt". If $)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnatons of t+e senses affected nsane
or dsordered brans alone1as 8as $rett" &enerall" t+e ass)'$ton1 +i,HKH-
e2en n scentfc crcles1 8+en o)r nE)r" be&an1o)r tas3 8o)ld +a2e
been ')c+ easer t+an t s. T+ere can be no E)eston as to t+e so)nd and
+ealt+" condton of 'an" of o)r nfor'ants1 and t 8o)ld ')c+ s'$lf"
'atters f 8e 8ere enttled to ar&)esa"1 n one of o)r cases 8+ere a
sc+oolbo" sees +s brot+er5s $+anto' 8+le +e s $la"n& n a crc3et 'atc+1
T+s sc+oolbo" 8as n $erfect +ealt+G t+s a$$arton 8as t+e onl" one
8+c+ +e e2er sa81 t+erefore t necessarl" +ad so'e ca)se o)tsde +'self.9
/ost $eo$le1 n $ont of fact1 do t+)s ar&)e1 8+en an a$$arton1 )nE)e
n t+er l2es1 $resents tself to t+e' 8+le t+e" are feeln& t+oro)&+l" 8ell
and at ease n 'nd. It so +a$$ens t+at t 8as left for Ed')nd G)rne" to
s+o8 )ne#$ected dffc)ltes n t+s $res)'$ton. -s cens)s of
+all)cnatons (*AA<) s+o8ed a freE)enc"1 $re2o)sl" )ns)s$ected1 of
scattered +all)cnatons a'on& sane and +ealt+" $ersons1 t+e e#$erence
ben& often )nE)e n a lfet'e1 and n no a$$arent connecton 8t+ an"
ot+er crc)'stance 8+ate2er (see '1().
(nce cas)al +all)cnatons of t+e sane1 I sa"1 are t+)s $requent, 8e can
+ardl" 2ent)re to ass)'e t+at t+e" are all veridica. %nd t+e e#stence of all
t+ese $er+a$s 'erel" s)bDect2e +all)cnatons &reatl" co'$lcates o)r
n2est&aton of 2erdcal +all)cnatons. It $re2ents t+e 'ere e#stence of
t+e +all)cnatons1 +o8e2er stran&el" nter$osed n ordnar" lfe1 fro'
+a2n& an" e2dental 2al)e1 and t+ro8s )s )$on e#ternal for's of e2denceG
concdences1 es$ecall"1 bet8een t+e +all)cnatons and so'e e2ent
ta3n& $lace at a dstance. 4or 8e +a2e as "et no clear crteron n t+e
$erc$ent5s feeln&s 8+c+ can s+o8 )s 8+c+ +all)cnaton s or s not
ca)sed b" so'et+n& ot+er8se )n3no8n 8+c+ s occ)rrn& o)tsde +'.
+"$notc +all)cnatons1 for nstance1 8+c+ corres$ond to no e#ternal fact
be"ond t+e +"$notser5s s)&&est2e )tterance +eard n t+e )s)al 8a"1 for'
$er+a$s t+e 'ost dstnct and $ersstent &ro)$ of all +all)cnatons of t+e
sane. 6e +a2e t+en1 I re$eat1 at $resent no &eneral s)bDect2e test 8+c+ can
dscr'nate falsdcal fro' 2erdcal +all)cnatons. It does not ndeed
follo8 t+at 8e need des$ar of fndn& s)c+ a test. (o'e nd2d)al
senst2es1 lable to bot+ 3nds of +all)cnatons1 bele2e t+at t+e" +a2e
act)all" learnt to dstn&)s+ for t+e'sel2es bet8een t+e t8o classes1 or
e2en to dstn&)s+ n t+e 2erdcal class bet8een a$$artons d)e to t+e
a&enc" of ncarnate or of dscarnate s$rtsG and t s of co)rse to be +o$ed
t+at as s)c+ senst2t" co'es to be 'ore often reco&nsed1 and 'ore
sero)sl" 2al)ed1 t+e senst2e5s o8n dscr'nat2e $o8er 'a" beco'e an
ncreasn&l" '$ortant factor of e2dence.
'+( . /eant'e 8e +a2e to rel" on t+e e2dence afforded b" e#ternal
concdenceGon t+e 'ere fact1 to $)t s)c+ a concdence n ts s'$lest
for'1 t+at I see a $+anto' of '" frend ('t+ at t+e 'o'ent 8+en ('t+ s
)ne#$ectedl" d"n& at a dstance. % concdence of t+s &eneral t"$e1 f t
occ)rs1 need not be dffc)lt to s)bstantate1 and 8e +a2e +i,HKI- n fact
s)bstantated t 8t+ 'ore or less co'$leteness n se2eral +)ndred cases.
T+e primF $acie concl)son 8ll ob2o)sl" be t+at t+ere s a ca)sal
connecton bet8een t+e deat+ and t+e a$$arton. To o2erco'e t+s
$res)'$ton t 8o)ld be necessar" et+er to '$)&n t+e acc)rac" of t+e
nfor'ant5s test'on"1 or to s+o8 t+at c+ance alone '&+t +a2e bro)&+t
abo)t t+e obser2ed concdences.
On bot+ of t+ese E)estons t+ere +a2e been f)ll and re$eated dsc)ssons
else8+ere. I need not reCar&)e t+e' at len&t+ +ere1 b)t 8ll &2e n t+e
%$$endces to t+s secton so'e of t+e 'ore '$ortant $onts. T+)s t+e
&eneral canons of e2dence for concdental +all)cnatons 8ere &2en b"
Ed')nd G)rne" at t+e o)tset of t+s nE)r" so clearl" t+at no restate'ent s
needed. It t+en beca'e 'anfest t+at o)r e2dence 8as 8ea3 n one
$artc)lar 8+ere o)r canons d8elt on t+e '$ortance of stren&t+. Onl" a
s'all $ro$orton of t+e concdental $+antas's 8ere recorded n 8rtn&
before t+e concdental e2ent 8as 3no8n. (o'e dsc)sson of t+s $ont s
&2en n '+( BG to 8+c+ I +a2e added a lst of cases')c+ 'ore n)'ero)s
no8 t+an 8+en t+e E)eston 8as frst rased8+ere so'e conte'$orar"
record +as act)all" been $reser2ed. T+e ne#t %$$end# deals 8t+ a co&nate
$ontt+e dan&er of ll)sons of 'e'or"1 creatn& or 'a&nf"n& t+e
nterestn& concdences. B)t on t+ese and ot+er $onts t+e reader s+o)ld
also cons)lt t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19 &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. (alread" anal"sed n '1( A)1 8+ere e2er" so)rce of error as
"et dsco2ered +as been $rett" f)ll" consdered.
To t+at 2ol)'e also I ')st refer +' for a t+oro)&+ dsc)sson of t+e
ar&)'ents for and a&anst c+anceCconcdence (s)''arsed n '1( A). T+e
concl)son to 8+c+ t+e Co''ttee )nan'o)sl" ca'e s e#$ressed n t+e
closn& 8ordsJ Bet8een deat+s and a$$artons of t+e d"n& $erson a
connecton e#sts 8+c+ s not d)e to c+ance alone.9
6e +a2e a r&+t1 I t+n31 to sa" t+at onl" b" anot+er cens)s of
+all)cnatons1 eE)all" caref)l1 'ore e#tens2e1 and "eldn& absol)tel"
dfferent res)lts1 co)ld t+s concl)son be o2ert+ro8n.
'+3 . In for'n& t+s concl)son1 a$$artons at deat+ are of co)rse
selected1 beca)se1 deat+ ben& an )nE)e e2ent n 'an5s eart+l" e#stence1
t+e concdences bet8een deat+ and a$$artons afford a fa2o)rable case for
statstcal treat'ent. B)t t+e concdences bet8een a$$artons and crses
ot+er t+an deat+1 alt+o)&+ not s)sce$tble of t+e sa'e art+'etcal $recson
of est'ate1 are1 as 8ll be seen1 E)te eE)all" con2ncn&. To t+s &reat
'ass of s$ontaneo)s cases 8e ')st no8 t)rn.
T+e arran&e'ent of t+ese cases s not eas"G nor are t+e" ca$able of
ben& $resented n one lo&call" conseE)ent seres. Eac+ narrat2e 'a" be
re&arded fro' 'an" $onts of 2e8. T+ere s frst of all t+e nat)re of t+e
e#ternal e2ent1 as deat+ or crss1 to 8+c+ t+e" corres$ondG t+ere s t+e
'ode of t+er a$$earancen drea's1 se'Cso'nolence1 or 2&lanceG +i,
HKJ- t+ere s t+e s$ecal sense (or senses) 8+c+ t+e" affectas s&+t or
+earn&G and1 lastl"1 t+ere s t+e effect $rod)ced on $ossble $erc$entsas
t+er coective $erce$ton1 b" se2eral $ersons to&et+er1 or t+er eective
$erce$ton b" one $erson onl" o)t of se2eral1 &c. One of t+ese d2sons
t+e dstncton of visua and auditory cases8+c+ 8as fttn&l" eno)&+
e'$lo"ed n arran&n& t+e frst collecton n &hantasms o$ the .iving'a"
+ere fall nto t+e bac3&ro)nd.
*
T+e statstcal $ro$ortons of 2s)al1
a)dtor"1 bsensor"1 and trsensor" +all)cnatons +a2e no8 been 8or3ed
o)t1 so far as o)r 'aterals carr" )sG and1 snce 8e do not s)$$ose t+at 8e
are concerned 8t+ ocuar s&+t or 8t+ aura a)dton1 t beco'es a 'nor
E)eston 8+c+ nner sense n eac+ s$ecal $erc$ent s 'ost easl"
st')latedG or1 I o)&+t to add1 8+c+ nner sense eac+ s$ecal a&ent can 'ost
easl" st')late. T+s dstncton1 at least1 8t+ 'an" ot+ers1 can
con2enentl" be dsc)ssed a $ro$os of nd2d)al casesG 8+le t+e bass of
o)r &eneral arran&e'ent s+o)ld be fo)nd n so'e 'ore f)nda'ental
c+aracter.
!o8 one ad2anta&e of t+e conce$ton of psychica invasion or
e0cursion on 8+c+ I +a2e alread" d8elt s t+at t s at an" rate s)ffcentl"
f)nda'ental to allo8 of o)r arran&e'ent of all o)r recorded cases$er+a$s
of all $ossble cases of a$$artonn accordance 8t+ ts o8n lnes. %nd
e2en t+o)&+ t+ere be 'an" cases for 8+c+ t+e 'eta$+or of n2ason see's
needlessl" stron&1 and t+e older 'eta$+or of tele$at+c '$act9 E)te
s)ffcent1 "et t+ese cases also1 alt+o)&+ n so'e sense less co'$lete1 8ll
arran&e t+e'sel2es nat)rall" n t+e sa'e d2sons.
Let )s ta3e % for t+e a&ent19 or t+e s$rt s)$$osed n eac+ case to be
n2as2e or e#c)rs2eJ P for t+e $erc$ent19 t+e s$rt 8+c+ $la"s t+e 'ore
$ass2e rble1 rece2n& and so'et'es obser2n& t+e 2st of %. !at)rall" t+e
a&ent s often$er+a$s n realt" a#aysa $erc$ent also. -e &oes fort+
to acE)re nfor'aton as 8ell as to &2e tG b)t +s s)bl'nal self1 8+c+
'a3es t+s e#c)rson1 cannot al8a"s re$ort t+e res)lts to +s s)$ral'nal
selffro' 8+o' 8e o)tsders are forced to 'a3e o)r nE)r". -s $o8er of
&2n& )s nfor'aton1 ndeed1 s1 as 8e s+all see1 $artc)larl" lable to be
c)t s+ort b" +s deat+.
6e 8ant1 t+en1 a sc+e'e 8+c+ s to ncl)de1 on t+e lnes of t+s
conce$ton of invasion or e0cursion, all obser2able tele$at+c acton1 fro'
t+e fant c)rrents 8+c+ 8e 'a" 'a&ne to be contn)all" $assn& bet8een
'an and 'an1 )$ to t+e $ontreser2ed for t+e follo8n& c+a$ter8+ere
one of t+e $artes to t+e tele$at+c nterco)rse +as defntel" E)tted t+e
fles+. T+e $irst ter' n o)r seres ')st be con2enentl" 2a&)eJ t+e ast ')st
lead )s to t+e t+res+old of t+e s$rt)al 8orld.
'++ . I ')st be&n 8t+ cases 8+ere t+e acton of t+e e#c)rs2e fra&'ent
of t+e $ersonalt" s of t+e 8ea3est 3ndt+e least ca$able of +i,HKK-
affectn& ot+er obser2ers1 or of ben& recalled nto t+e a&ent5s o8n 8a3n&
'e'or".
()c+ cases1 nat)rall" eno)&+1 8ll be +ard to brn& )$ to e2dental
le2el. It ')st de$end on 'ere c+ance 8+et+er t+ese 8ea3 and a'less
$s"c+cal e#c)rsons are obser2ed at allG or are obser2ed n s)c+ a 8a" as to
lead )s to attrb)te t+e' to an"t+n& 'ore t+an t+e s)bDect2e fanc" of t+e
obser2ers.
-o8 can a cas)al 2sonsa"1 of a lad" sttn& n +er dra8n&Croo'1
of a 'an ret)rnn& +o'e at s# o5cloc3be dstn&)s+ed fro' 'e'or"C
'a&es on t+e one +and and fro' 8+at I 'a" ter' e#$ectatonC'a&es9 on
t+e ot+erW T+e $ct)re of t+e lad" 'a" be a sl&+tl" 'odfed and
e#ternalsed re'nscenceG t+e $ct)re of t+e 'an 8al3n& )$ to t+e door
'a" be a 'ere $roDecton of 8+at t+e obser2er 8as +o$n& to see.
I +a2e ass)'ed t+at t+ese $+anto's concded 8t+ no 'ar3ed e2ent.
T+e lad" 'a" +a2e been t+n3n& of &on& to +er dra8n&Croo'G t+e 'an
'a" +a2e been n t+e act of 8al3n& +o'eGb)t t+ese are tr2al
crc)'stances 8+c+ '&+t be re$eated an" da".
Yet1 +o8e2er tr2al1 al'ost an" set of +)'an crc)'stances are
s)ffcentl" co'$le# to lea2e roo' for concdence. If t+e stter n t+e
dra8n&Croo' s 8earn& a dstnct2e artcle of dress1 ne2er seen b" t+e
$erc$ent )ntl t s seen n t+e +all)cnatonGf t+e $+antas'al +o'e8ard
tra2eller s carr"n& a $arcel of )n)s)al s+a$e1 8+c+ t+e real 'an does
after8ards )ne#$ectedl" brn& +o'e 8t+ +'Gt+ere 'a" be reason to
t+n3 t+at t+ere s a ca)sal connecton bet8een t+e a$$arent a&ent5s
condton at t+e 'o'ent1 and t+e a$$arton.
I 8ll E)ote one of t+ese arr2alCcases19 so to ter' t+e'1 8+ere t+e
$ec)lart" of dress 8as s)c+ as to 'a3e t+e concdence bet8een 2son and
realt" 8ell 8ort+ attenton. T+e case s nterestn& also as one of o)r
earlest e#a'$les of a $s"c+cal ncdent caref)ll" recorded at t+e t'eG so
t+at after t+e la$se of nearl" fort" "ears t 8as $ossble to correct t+e
$erc$ent5s s)r22n& recollecton b" +s conte'$orar" 8rtten state'ent.
It s ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. @<1 +a2n& been
contrb)ted b" Colonel B&&e1 of . /or$et+ Terrace1 (.6.1 8+o too3 t+e
acco)nt o)t of a sealed en2elo$e1 n G)rne"5s $resence1 for t+e frst t'e
snce t 8as 8rtten on t+e da" of t+e occ)rrence.
%n acco)nt of a crc)'stance 8+c+ occ)rred to 'e 8+en E)artered at
Te'$le'ore1 Co. T$$erar"1 on .>t+ 4ebr)ar" *A<=.
T+s afternoon1 abo)t ; o5cloc3 P./.1 I 8as 8al3n& fro' '" E)arters
to8ards t+e 'essCroo' to $)t so'e letters nto t+e letterCbo#1 8+en I
dstnctl" sa8 Le)t.CColonel Reed1 =>t+ Re&'ent1 8al3n& fro' t+e corner
of t+e ran&e of b)ldn&s occ)$ed b" t+e offcers to8ards t+e 'essCroo'
doorG and I sa8 +' &o nto t+e $assa&e. -e 8as dressed n a bro8n
s+ootn&CDac3et1 8t+ &re" s)''er re&)laton t8eed tro)sers1 and +ad a
fs+n&Crod and a landn&Cnet n +s +and. %lt+o)&+ at t+e t'e I sa8 +' +e
8as abo)t *? or .> "ards fro' +i,HKL- 'e1 and alt+o)&+ an#o)s to s$ea3 to
+' at t+e 'o'ent1 I dd not do so1 b)t follo8ed +' nto t+e $assa&e and
t)rned nto t+e anteCroo' on t+e leftC+and sde1 8+ere I e#$ected to fnd
+'. On o$enn& t+e door1 to '" &reat s)r$rse1 +e 8as not t+ereG t+e onl"
$erson n t+e roo' 8as X)arter'aster !olan1 =>t+ Re&'ent1 and I
''edatel" as3ed +' f +e +ad seen t+e colonel1 and +e re$led +e +ad notG
)$on 8+c+ I sad1 I s)$$ose +e +as &one )$stars19 and I ''edatel" left
t+e roo'. T+n3n& +e '&+t +a2e &one )$stars to one of t+e offcers5
roo's1 I lstened at t+e botto' of t+e stars and t+en 8ent )$ to t+e frst
landn&C$laceG b)t not +earn& an"t+n& I 8ent do8nstars a&an and tred to
o$en t+e bedroo' door1 8+c+ s o$$oste to t+e anteroo'1 t+n3n& +e
'&+t +a2e &one t+ereG b)t I fo)nd t+e door loc3ed1 as t )s)all" s n t+e
'ddle of t+e da". I 8as 2er" ')c+ s)r$rsed at not fndn& t+e colonel1 and
I 8al3ed nto t+e barrac3C"ard and Doned Le)tenant Ca)lfeld1 BBt+
Re&'ent1 8+o 8as 8al3n& t+ereG and I told t+e stor" to +'1 and
$artc)larl" descrbed t+e dress n 8+c+ I +ad seen t+e colonel. 6e 8al3ed
)$ and do8n t+e barrac3C"ard tal3n& abo)t t for abo)t ten 'n)tes1 8+en1
to '" &reat s)r$rse1 ne2er +a2n& 3e$t '" e"e fro' t+e door leadn& to t+e
'essCroo' (t+ere s onl" one o)tlet fro' t)1 I sa8 t+e colonel 8al3 nto t+e
barrac3s t+ro)&+ t+e &ate8+c+ s n t+e o$$oste drecton
acco'$aned b" Ens&n 6lln&ton1 =>t+ Re&'ent1 n $recsel" t+e sa'e
dress n 8+c+ I +ad seen +'1 and 8t+ a fs+n&Crod and a landn&Cnet n
+s +and. Le)tenant Ca)lfeld and I ''edatel" 8al3ed to t+e'1 and 8e
8ere Doned b" Le)t.CColonel Golde1 BBt+ Re&'ent1 and Ca$tan
-artford1 and I as3ed Colonel Reed f +e +ad not &one nto t+e 'essCroo'
abo)t ten 'n)tes before. -e re$led t+at +e certanl" +ad not1 for t+at +e
+ad been o)t fs+n& for 'ore t+an t8o +o)rs at so'e $onds abo)t a 'le
fro' t+e barrac3s1 and t+at +e +ad not been near t+e 'essCroo' at all snce
t+e 'ornn&.
%t t+e t'e I sa8 Colonel Reed &on& nto t+e 'essCroo'1 I 8as not
a8are t+at +e +ad &one o)t fs+n&a 2er" )n)s)al t+n& to do at t+s t'e
of t+e "earG net+er +ad I seen +' before n t+e dress I +a2e descrbed
d)rn& t+at da". I +ad seen +' n )nfor' n t+e 'ornn& at $arade1 b)t not
after8ards at all )ntl ; o5cloc3+a2n& been en&a&ed n '" roo' 8rtn&
letters1 and )$on ot+er b)sness. /" e"es&+t ben& 2er" &ood1 and t+e
colonel5s f&)re and &eneral a$$earance so'e8+at re'ar3able1 t s 'orall"
'$ossble t+at I co)ld +a2e 'sta3en an" ot+er $erson n t+e 8orld for +'.
T+at I did see +' I s+all contn)e to bele2e )ntl t+e last da" of '"
e#stence.
6ILLI%/ /%TT-E6 BIGGE1
/aDor1 =>t+ Re&'ent
LOn 7)l" *=t+1 *AA?1 after Colonel B&&e +ad descrbed t+e occ)rrence1
b)t before t+e acco)nt 8as ta3en fro' t+e en2elo$e and read1 +e dctated t+e
follo8n& re'ar3s to G)rne"JM
6+en Colonel R. &ot off t+e car abo)t a co)$le of +o)rs after8ards1
Colonel Golde and ot+er offcers sad to 'e1 6+"1 t+at5s t+e 2er" dress
"o) descrbed.9 T+e" +ad not 3no8n 8+ere +e 8as or +o8 +e 8as en&a&ed.
T+e 'ont+1 4ebr)ar"1 8as a 'ost )nl3el" one to be fs+n& n. Colonel
Reed 8as ')c+ alar'ed 8+en told 8+at I +ad seen.
T+e E)arter'aster1 sttn& at t+e 8ndo81 8o)ld +a2e been bo)nd to see
a real f&)reG +e dened +a2n& seen an"t+n&.
I +a2e ne2er +ad t+e sl&+test +all)cnaton of t+e senses on an" ot+er
occason.
+i,HKM-
LIt 8ll be seen t+at t+ese recent re'ar3s e#+bt t8o sl$s of 'e'or". It
s E)te )n'$ortant 8+et+er Colonel Reed 8as seen 8al3n& n at t+e &ate
or &ettn& off a car. B)t n 'a3n& t+e nter2al bet8een t+e 2son and t+e
ret)rn t8o +o)rs nstead of ten 'n)tes1 t+e later acco)nt )nd)l" d'ns+es
t+e force of t+e case. If t+ere s an" D)stfcaton at all for t+e $ro2sonal
+"$ot+ess t+at t+e sense of '$endn& arr2al s a condton fa2o)rable for
t+e e'sson of a tele$at+c nfl)ence1 t s of '$ortance t+at1 at t+e t'e
8+en t+e $+antas'al for' 8as seen1 Colonel Reed 8as not b)s" 8t+ +s
fs+n&1 b)t 8as ra$dl" a$$roac+n& +s destnatonG for t+)s t+e ncdent1 at
an" rate1 &ets t+e beneft of analo&" 8t+ ot+er cases.M
In t+ese arriva cases1 t+ere s1 I sa"1 a certan l3el+ood t+at t+e 'an5s
'nd 'a" be f#ed on +s ret)rn +o'e1 so t+at +s $+antas' s seen n 8+at
'&+t see' bot+ to +'self and to ot+ers t+e 'ost $robable $lace.
'+, . B)t t+ere are ot+er cases 8+ere a 'an5s $+antas' s seen n a $lace
8+ere t+ere s no s$ecal reason for +s a$$earn&1 alt+o)&+ t+ese $laces
see' al8a"s to le 8t+n t+e beat and crc)t of +s +abt)al t+o)&+t.
In s)c+ cases t+ere are stll $ossble crc)'stances 8+c+ 'a" &2e
reason to t+n3 t+at t+e a$$arton s ca)sall" connected 8t+ t+e a$$arent
a&ent. T+e $+antas' of a &2en $erson 'a" be seen repeatedy b" dfferent
$erc$ents1 or t 'a" be seen coectivey b" se2eral $ersons at a t'eG or t
'a" co'bne bot+ t+ese e2dental c+aracterstcs1 and 'a" be seen se2eral
t'es and b" se2eral $ersons to&et+er.
!o8 consdern& t+e rart" of $+antas'al a$$earances1 consdern& t+at
not one $erson n (sa") f2e t+o)sand s e2er $+antas'all" seen at allG t+e
'ere fact t+at a &2en $erson5s $+antas' s seen e2en t#ice, b" dfferent
$erc$ents (for 8e cannot co)nt a second a$$earance to t+e same $erc$ent
as of eE)al 2al)e)1 s n tself a re'ar3able factG 8+le f t+s +a$$ens three
or $our times 8e can +ardl" ascrbe s)c+ a seE)ence of rare occ)rrences to
c+ance alone. I cte al'ost n f)ll t+e case of /rs. -a83ns (n;e Eden1
da)&+ter of t+e late Pr')s of (cotland)1 fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol.
. $. =A.
/rs. -a83ns 8rtes fro' Be"ton Rector"1 B)r" (t. Ed')nds1 as
follo8sJ
2arch .?th, *AA?.
I send "o) '" co)sns5 acco)nts of '" a$$arton.
I +a2e also sent "o) t+e acco)nt of '" ne#t a$$earance1 8+c+
)nfort)natel" cannot no8 be related b" t+e e"eC8tness.
*
%&an1 a t+rd t'e one of '" lttle ssters re$orted t+at s+e +ad seen 'e
on t+e stars1 8+en I 8as se2en 'les offG b)t s+e '&+t so easl" +a2e been
'sta3en t+at I +a2e ne2er $)t an" fat+ n t+at a$$earance. T+en I 8as
abo)t t8ent".
+i,HKN-
4or 'an" "ears after t+at t+ese a$$earances see' to +a2e entrel"
ceased1 b)t n t+e a)t)'n of *A== I 8as seen n t+s +o)se b" '" eldest son1
t+en a&ed t8ent"Cse2en1 8+o 'a"1 I +o$e1 &2e "o) +s o8n acco)nt of t.
L:CY -%6RI!(.
/rs. -a83ns $refaces +er co)sns5 acco)nts t+)sJ
T+e e2ent descrbed n t+e enclosed acco)nts too3 $lace at C+ern&ton1
near (+$stonConC(to)r1 n 6ar8c3s+re1 t+e resdence of '" )ncle1 /r.
6lla' ,c3ns1 8+o 8as for 'an" "ears c+ar'an of X)arter (essons n
t+e co)nt". T+e lades 8+o sa8 t+e a$$earance are t8o of +s da)&+ters1 one
of t+e' a lttle older t+an '"self1 t+e ot+er t+ree or fo)r "ears "o)n&er. I
8as t+en D)st se2enteen.
T+e onl" 'sta3e t+at I can dsco2er n et+er of t+e acco)nts s t+at
/rs. /alcol' sa"s I +ad been +dn& 8t+ +er brot+er19 8+ereas I +ad
reall" been all t+e t'e 8t+ +er sster1 /ss L)c" ,c3nsa fact of no
'$ortance1 e#ce$t t+at s+e (/ss ,.) '&+t (f necessar") bear 8tness t+at
I had reall" been 8t+ +er all t+e t'e n t+e 8as++o)se1 and so co)ld not
+a2e been near 8+ere I 8as seen.
I re'e'ber 8e 8ere all so'e8+at a8ed b" 8+at +ad +a$$ened1 and t+at
t bro3e )$ o)r &a'e. I '"self E)te t+o)&+t t 8as a 8arnn& of s$eed"
deat+G b)t as I 8as not a ner2o)s or e#ctable &rl1 t dd not 'a3e 'e
an#o)s or )n+a$$"1 and n co)rse of t'e t+e '$resson $assed off.
6rtn& to /rs. -a83ns n (e$te'ber *AA<1 /ss ,c3ns sadJ
Geor&e L/rs. /alcol'M s co'n& +ere on 4rda"1 and I $ro$ose t+en
toCs+o8 +er "o)r letters1 and /r. G)rne"5s1 and t+at 8e s+o)ld eac+ 8rte
o)r '$ressons of 8+at 8e sa8 nde$endentl"1 and see +o8 far t+e" a&ree1
and 8e 8ll send t+e res)lt to "o). It s all 2er" fres+ n '" 'e'or"1 and I
can at t+s 'o'ent conD)re "o) )$ n '" 'nd5s e"e1 as "o) a$$eared )nder
t+at tree and dsa$$eared n t+e "ard. I e2en recollect dstnctl" t+e dress "o)
8ore1 a sort of bro8n and 8+te1 rat+er lar&e c+ec31 s)c+ as 8as n fas+on
t+en1 and s no81 b)t 8as n abe"ance n t+e nter'edate "ears.
(+ortl" after8ards /ss ,c3ns 8roteJ
C-ERI!GTO!1 (-IP(TO!CO!C(TO:R1
September .@th, *AA<.
I send t+e t8o acco)nts 8+c+ Geor&e and I 8rote abo)t "o)r
a$$arton. 6e 8rote t+e' nde$endentl"1 and so I t+n3 t+e" are
8onderf)ll" &ood e2dence1 as t+e" tall" to al'ost e2er" $artc)lar1 e#ce$t
t+e lttle fact t+at I t+o)&+t s+e Doned 'e n searc+n& t+e "ard for "o)1 and
s+e t+n3s notb)t t+at +as not+n& to do 8t+ t+e 'an fact of t+e stor"1
o)r entre belef t+at 8e sa8 "o) n t+e bod".
In t+e a)t)'n of *A<?1 8e 8ere a lar&e $art" of "o)n& ones sta"n& n
t+e +o)se1 and on one occason 8ere $la"n& at a s$eces of +deCandCsee31
n 8+c+ 8e 8ere allo8ed to 'o2e fro' one +dn&C$lace to anot+er1 )ntl
ca)&+t b" t+e o$$oste sde. %t t+e bac3 of t+e +o)se t+ere 8as a s'all foldC
"ard o$enn& on one sde nto t+e orc+ard1 on t+e ot+er nto t+e stable"ard1
and t+ere 8ere ot+er b)ldn&s to t+e left. I ca'e ro)nd t+e corner of t+ese
b)ldn&s1 and sa8 '" co)sn standn& )nder so'e trees abo)t t8ent" "ards
fro' 'e1 and I +i,HKO- dstnctl" sa8 +er faceG '" sster1 8+o at t+e
'o'ent a$$eared on t+e ot+er sde1 also sa8 +er and s+o)ted to 'e to &2e
c+ase. /" co)sn ran bet8een )s n t+e drecton of t+e foldC"ard1 and 8+en
s+e reac+ed t+e door 8e 8ere bot+ close be+nd +er and follo8ed nstantl"1
b)t s+e +ad entrel" dsa$$eared1 t+o)&+ scarcel" a second +ad ela$sed. 6e
loo3ed at one anot+er n a'aNe'ent1 and searc+ed e2er" corner of t+e "ard
n 2anG and 8+en fo)nd so'e lttle t'e after8ards1 s+e ass)red )s t+at s+e
+ad ne2er been on t+at sde of t+e +o)se at all1 or an"8+ere near t+e s$ot1
b)t +ad re'aned +dden n t+e sa'e $lace )ntl dsco2ered b" one of t+e
ene'".
(. 4. ,.
I 8ell re'e'ber t+e ncdent of "o)r fetc+9 a$$earn& to )s. I bele2e I
8rote do8n t+e detals at t+e t'e1 b)t do not 3no8 8+at +as beco'e of t+at
record1 so ')st tr)st to '" 'e'or" to recall t+e crc)'stances1 and do not
fear ts LnotM ben& fat+f)l t+o)&+ nearl" fort" "ears +a2e $assed.
6e 8ere $la"n& o)r fa2o)rte &a'e of Golo8an1 8+c+ conssted n
d2dn& nto sdes at +deCandCsee31 t+e $art" +dn& +a2n& t+e $r2le&e of
'o2n& on fro' $lace to $lace )ntl t+e" reac+ed t+e -o'e19 )nless
'ean8+le ca)&+t b" t+e $)rs)n& $art".
%s I stood to8ards t+e end of t+e &a'e1 as a see3er1 n t+e orc+ard1 I
sa8 "o)1 8+o belon&ed to t+e o$$oste $art"1 stealn& to8ard 'e. %s "o)r
dress 8as t+e sa'e as "o)r sster5s1 and t+ere 8as t+e $ossblt" of '"
'sta3n& "o) for +er1 8+o 8as on '" sde1 I s+o)ted +er na'e1 and s+e
ans8ered 'e fro' t+e o$$oste sde of t+e 8ood. I t+en &a2e c+ase1 and "o)
t)rned1 and loo3ed at 'e la)&+n&1 and I sa8 "o)r face dstnctl". B)t at t+e
sa'e nstant1 !na1 also '" frend1 b)t "o)r ene'"1 a$$eared ro)nd so'e
corner1 and ben& stll nearer to "o) t+an I 8as1 I left t+e &lor" of "o)r
ca$t)re to +er. (+e 8as close )$on "o) as "o) fled nto a co8C"ard. I 8as so
s)re "o)r fate 8as sealed t+at I follo8ed 'ore slo8l"1 and +earn& t+e bell
rn&1 t+at1 accordn& to t+e r)les of o)r &a'e1 recalled )s to t+e -o'e19 I
8ent on t+ere1 to fnd !na )$bradn& "o) for +a2n& so '"stero)sl"
esca$ed +er n t+s co8C"ard.
In astons+'ent "o) sad "o) ne2er +ad been near t+e $lace. Of co)rse I
s)$$orted '" lttle sster n +er assertonG 8+lst o)r brot+er s)$$orted you,
sa"n& +e +ad been +dn& 8t+ "o)1 and t+at1 ben& tred1 "o) +ad bot+
re'aned +dden n one $lace )ntl t+e bell 8arned "o) t+at t+e &a'e 8as
o2ert+at $lace ben& a 8as++o)se n a dstnct $art of t+e $re'ses fro'
t+e co8 or foldC"ard1 nto 8+c+ 8e bele2ed 8e +ad c+ased "o).
G. /. (n;e ,ICRI!().
In ans8er to nE)res1 bot+ /ss ,c3ns and /rs. /alcol' sa" t+at
t+e" +a2e ne2er +ad an" ot+er e#$erence of 2s)al +all)cnaton.
T+e follo8n& acco)nt s fro' /rs. -a83ns5s sonJ
1une .>th, *AA?.
In t+e a)t)'n of *A==1 I 8as l2n& at '" fat+er5s +o)se1 Be"ton
Rector"1 B)r" (t. Ed')nds. T+e +o)se+old conssted of '" fat+er1 'ot+er1
t+ree ssters1 and t+ree 'adCser2ants. One 'oonl&+t n&+t I 8as slee$n& n
'" roo'1 and +ad been aslee$ so'e +o)rs1 8+en I 8as a8a3ened b"
+earn& a nose close to '" +ead1 l3e t+e c+n3n& of 'one". /" 8a3n&
dea1 t+erefore1 8as t+at a man 8as tr"n& to ta3e '" 'one" o)t of '"
tro)sers $oc3et1 8+c+ la" on a c+ar close to t+e +ead of '" bed. On
o$enn& '" e"es1 I 8as astons+ed to see a #oman, and I 8ell re'e'ber
t+n3n& 8t+ sorro8 t+at t +i,HLP- ')st be one of o)r ser2ants 8+o 8as
tr"n& to ta3e '" 'one". I 'enton t+ese t8o t+o)&+ts to s+o8 t+at I 8as
not t+n3n& n t+e sl&+test de&ree of '" 'ot+er. 6+en '" e"es +ad
beco'e 'ore acc)sto'ed to t+e l&+t1 I 8as 'ore t+an e2er s)r$rsed to see
t+at t 8as '" mother, dressed n a $ec)lar sl2erC&re" dress1 8+c+ s+e +ad
or&nall" &ot for a fanc" ball. (+e 8as standn& 8t+ bot+ +ands stretc+ed
o)t n front of +er as f feeln& +er 8a"G and n t+at 'anner 'o2ed slo8l"
a8a" fro' 'e1 $assn& n front of t+e dressn&Ctable1 8+c+ stood n front of
t+e c)rtaned 8ndo81 t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t+e 'oon t+re8 a certan a'o)nt of
l&+t. Of co)rse1 '" dea all t+s t'e 8as t+at s+e 8as 8al3n& n +er slee$.
On &ettn& be"ond t+e table s+e 8as lost to '" s&+t n t+e dar3ness. I t+en
sat )$ n bed1 lstenn&1 b)t +earn& not+n&G and1 on $eern& t+ro)&+ t+e
dar3ness1 sa8 t+at t+e door1 8+c+ 8as at t+e foot of '" bed1 and to &et to
8+c+ s+e 8o)ld +a2e +ad to $ass n front of t+e l&+t1 8as stll s+)t. I t+en
D)'$ed o)t of bed1 str)c3 a l&+t1 and nstead of fndn& '" 'ot+er at t+e
far end of t+e roo'1 as I e#$ected1 fo)nd t+e roo' e'$t". I t+en for t+e frst
t'e s)$$osed t+at t 8as an a$$earance19 and &reatl" dreaded t+at t
s&nfed +er deat+.
I '&+t add t+at I +ad1 at t+at t'e1 E)te for&otten t+at '" 'ot+er +ad
e2er a$$eared to an" one before1 +er last a$$earance +a2n& been abo)t t+e
"ear *A<=1 t+ree "ears before I 8as born.
E,6%R, -%6RI!(.
LIn ans8er to nE)res1 /r. E. -a83ns sa"sJM I can ass)re "o) t+at
net+er before nor snce t+at t'e +a2e I e2er +ad an" e#$erence of t+e sort.
I E)ote se2eral ot+er cases of re$eated a$$artons n t+e %$$endces to
t+s secton. /r. Gor+a' Bla3e5s case n &hantasms o$ the .iving (2ol. . $.
AB)1 s+o)ld also be cons)lted.
I'$ress2e as s t+e repetition of t+e a$$arton n t+ese cases1 t s "et
less so to '" 'nd t+an t+e coective c+aracter of so'e of t+e $erce$tons.
In /rs. -a83ns5s frst case t+ere 8ere t8o s')ltaneo)s $erc$ents. In one
of /r. Bla3e5s cases t+ere 8ere t8oG and n Canon Bo)rne5s frst case ('+,
D) t+ere 8ere t+ree $erc$ents.
'+' . %nd 8e no8 co'e to ot+er cases1 8+ere t+e $erc$ence +as been
collect2e1 alt+o)&+ t +as not been re$eated. -ere s a case 8+ere t8o
$ersons at one 'o'enta 'o'ent of no stress or e#cte'ent 8+ate2er
see t+e $+antas' of a t+rdG t+at t+rd $erson ben& $er+a$s occ)$ed 8t+
so'e s)$ral'nal or s)bl'nal t+o)&+t of t+e scene n t+e 'dst of 8+c+
s+e s $+antas'all" dscerned. Bot+ t+e $erc$ents s)$$osed at t+e 'o'ent1
nat)rall" eno)&+1 t+at t 8as t+er act)al sster 8+o' t+e" sa8J and one can
+ardl" fanc" t+at a 'ere act of tranE)l reco&nton of t+e f&)re b" one
$erc$ent 8o)ld co'')ncate to t+e ot+er $erc$ent a tele$at+c s+oc3
s)c+ as 8o)ld 'a3e her see t+e sa'e f&)re as 8ell.
T+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons9
(&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;>B).
+i,HLG-
9rom 2iss C. 1. 8.
2arch *A@..
I 8as $la"n& t+e +ar'on)' n t+e c+)rc+ of at abo)t < P./.1
%)&)st *AA@1 8+en I sa8 '" eldest sster 8al3 )$ t+e c+)rc+ to8ards t+e
c+ancel 8t+ a roll of $a$ers )nder +er ar'. 6+en I loo3ed )$ a&an s+e +ad
dsa$$eared1 and I t+o)&+t s+e +ad D)st co'e n for a fe8 'n)tes and &one
o)t a&anG b)t 8+en I as3ed +er after8ards 8+at s+e 8anted n t+e c+)rc+1
s+e 8as ')c+ s)r$rsed1 and told 'e s+e +ad been n t+e rector" lbrar" all
t+e afternoon1 st)d"n& &enealo&cal tables. I a' not s)re of t+e e#act date1
b)t t 8as abo)t t+e t'e I 'enton.
I 8as $ractsn& on t+e +ar'on)'G as far as I re'e'ber I 8as E)te
8ell and not 8orred abo)t an"t+n&. I 8as e&+teen "ears old. % "o)n&er
sster 8as t+e onl" ot+er $erson n t+e c+)rc+ 8t+ 'e at t+e t'e. (+e 8as
standn& besde 'e on an old stone coffn1 and also notced '" eldest sster
8al3 )$ t+e c+)rc+ 8t+ $a$ers )nder +er ar'1 b)t t+o)&+t t not+n&
)n)s)al and loo3ed a8a"1 and 8+en s+e loo3ed bac3 a&an '" sster +ad
dsa$$eared.
/" eldest sster loo3ed D)st as )s)al and 8ore +er +at and Dac3et1 as I
and '" "o)n&er sster bot+ notced. (+e 8al3ed rat+er brs3l"1 loo3n&
stra&+t before +er. (+e ass)res )s t+at s+e 8as sttn& alone n t+e rector"
lbrar" (t+e rector" s 8t+n a stone5s t+ro8 of t+e c+)rc+) a t+e afternoon.
In ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+et+er s+e +as +ad an" ot+er +all)cnatons
/ss E. sa"sJ
I +a2e seen dar3 for's n '" roo' at n&+t 8+en t+ere 8as no one n
t+e roo' b)t '"self1 b)t as I a' ner2o)sl" nclned I a' not 2er" $ost2e
abo)t t1 as t 'a" +a2e been $artl" 'a&naton. B)t t+e a$$arton Lof '"
ssterM I $ost2el" sa8.
/ss E. 8rtes f)rt+erJ
Apri *<th1 *A@..
I a' quite s)re t+at t+e f&)re co)ld not +a2e been an" one else loo3n&
l3e R.1 for I sa8 dstnctl" e2er" detal of +er face and f&)re and dress1 and
notced t+at s+e 8as loo3n& stra&+t before +er. /" s&+t s e#cellent1 and I
3no8 I co)ld not +a2e been 'sta3en. 6+en I loo3ed )$1 t+e f&)re 8as
abo)t t+ree "ards fro' 'e1 I s+o)ld sa". T+e f&)re may +a2e &one bac3
$ast 'e 8t+o)t '" notcn& t1 b)t I t+n3 t 2er" '$robable1 as I 8as
sttn& 8t+ '" face to8ards t+e asle t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t ')st +a2e $assed.
T+e ot+er $erc$ent1 /ss -. E.1 8rtesJ
/" ssters and I 8ere s$endn& t+e da" 8t+ o)r )ncle at G as +e s
t+e rector +s &arden leads nto t+e c+)rc+"ard. In t+e co)rse of t+e
afternoon C. and I 8ent nto t+e c+)rc+G s+e be&an to $la" t+e +ar'on)'
and I stood on a stone coffn besde +er 8t+ '" +and on +er s+o)lderG '"
sster 8as $la"n& a +"'n1 and I 8as loo3n& do8n at t+e boo3 to read t+e
8ords. C. cas)all" loo3ed )$G I dd t+e sa'e1 and follo8n& t+e drecton of
+er e"es sa8 R. 8al3n& to )s )$ t+e c+)rc+ 8t+and t+s rat+er s)r$rsed
'ea lon& b)ndle of $a$ers n +er +and. 6e 'ade no re'ar3 and too3 no
f)rt+er notce of +er 'o2e'ents1 for 8+en 8e &o to 8e often D)st
8ander n to see t+e c+)rc+. It 8as certanl" R. +erselfG I co)ld see +er face
E)te 8ell. C. and I fns+ed o)r +"'n and fo)nd t+at s+e +ad &one. C. and I
soon after 8ent n to +i,HLH- tea. %t tea 8e 8ere s)r$rsed to +ear R. sa"1 I
a' so sorr" I dd not see t+e c+)rc+1 b)t $art of t+e afternoon I 8as loo3n&
at $ed&rees n t+e st)d"G before t+at I $assed t+e c+)rc+ &ateG I 8as &on&
n1 b)t t)rned bac3 to t+e st)d" nstead19 or 8ords to t+at effect. C. and I
e#c+an&ed &lances1 b)t sad not+n&. -o8e2er1 ne#t 'ornn& 8e attac3ed
R. on t+e s)bDectG s+e 8as ')c+ s)r$rsed1 +ad certanl" not been n c+)rc+
at all1 b)t +ad frst been n t+e lbrar" st)d"n& t+e fa'l" $ed&ree1 and t+en
&one to t+e c+)rc+ &ate and ret)rned. /" sster and I bot+ +a2e $erfectl"
&ood e"es&+t. It see's '$ossble t+at R. can +a2e 2sted t+e c+)rc+1 b)t
'" sster and I are bot+ $ost2el" certan t+at 8e sa8 R. or +er l3eness.
T+e da" after 8e bot+ descrbed t+e detals of +er dress1 so far as 8e co)ld
recollect t+e'1 and R. sad t+at t 8as a correct acco)nt of +er dress t+e da"
before. I sa8 t+e $ed&ree $a$ers before I 8ent o)t1 and bot+ C. and I
t+o)&+t t+e' 2er" l3e t+e $a$ers t+e f&)re +ad n +er +and. T+ese are1 as
far as I re'e'ber1 t+e detals of t+e case 8t+o)t e#a&&eraton or
d'n)ton.
It 8as $ossble1 b)t rat+er '$robable1 t+at R. s+o)ld +a2e left t+e
c+)rc+ 8t+o)t o)r notce1 beca)se s+e ')st +a2e $assed bac3 t+e sa'e 8a"
close to )s.
/ss R. E. 8rtesJ
:$on t+e afternoon d)rn& 8+c+ t+s c)ro)s ncdent +a$$ened1 I
8andered abo)t '" )ncle5s &arden for a 8+le1 and +alf t+o)&+t of &on&
nto t+e c+)rc+1 b)t c+an&ed '" 'nd and dd not. I 8ent nto t+e lbrar"1
and ben& nterested n &enealo&"1 st)ded '" )ncle5s fa'l" $ed&ree )ntl
teaCt'e1 8+en I re'ar3ed to '" ssters t+at I +ad not been to t+e c+)rc+ all
t+e afternoon1 and t+e" told 'e t+at t+e" +ad seen 'e t+ere. I felt no
)n)s)al sensatons d)rn& t+e afternoon1 and a' ')c+ '"stfed b" t+e
ncdent.
'+* . In t+e follo8n& case t+e a$$arton 8as seen b" ts or&nal and b"
ot+ers at the same time. T+e acco)nt (ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving,
2ol. . $. .*=) ca'e fro' /rs. -all1 of T+e Ye8s1 Gretton1 near Rettern&1
and 8as rece2ed n ,ece'ber *AA;.
In t+e a)t)'n of *AB;1 I 8as l2n& 8t+ '" +)sband and frst bab"1 a
c+ld of e&+t 'ont+s1 n a lone +o)se1 called (bberton1 near 6ansford1
!ort+a'$tons+re1 8+c+ n b"&one da"s +ad been a c+)rc+. %s t+e 8eat+er
beca'e 'ore 8ntr"1 a 'arred co)sn and +er +)sband ca'e on a 2st. One
n&+t1 8+en 8e 8ere +a2n& s)$$er1 an a$$arton stood at t+e end of t+e
sdeboard. 6e fo)r sat at t+e dnn&CtableG and "et1 8t+ &reat nconsstenc"1
( stood as t+s &+ostl" 2stor a&an1 n a s$otted1 l&+t ')sln s)''er dress1
and 8t+o)t an" terrble $ec)lartes of ar or 'anner. 6e all fo)r sa8 t1
'" +)sband +a2n& attracted o)r attenton to t1 sa"n&1 It s (ara+19 n a
tone of reco&nton1 'eann& 'e. It at once dsa$$eared. !one of )s felt an"
fear1 t see'ed too nat)ral and fa'lar.
T+e a$$arton see'ed )tterl" a$art fro' '"self and '" feeln&s1 as a
$ct)re or stat)e. /" t+ree relat2es1 8+o1 8t+ 'e1 sa8 t+e a$$arton1 are
all deadG t+e" ded n abo)t t+e "ears *ABAKB@.
(%R%- 7%!E -%LL.
LT+e dress n 8+c+ t+e f&)re a$$eared 8as not l3e an" t+at /rs. -all
+ad at t+e t'e1 t+o)&+ s+e 8ore one l3e t nearl" t8o "ears after8ards.
/rs. -all +as +ad ot+er 2s)al +all)cnatons1 8+c+ 8ere all connected 8t+
llC+ealt+ +i,HLI- or ner2o)s s+oc3G one 8+c+ occ)rred a fe8 'ont+s
before t+at +ere descrbed +ad re$resented +erself as f lad o)t9M
'+) . T+e E)eston of t+e tr)e '$ort of collect2t" of $erc$ence
rene8s n anot+er for' t+at $roble' of invasion to 8+c+ o)r e2dence so
often brn&s )s bac3. 6+en t8o or t+ree $ersons see 8+at see's to be t+e
sa'e $+anto' n t+e sa'e $lace and at t+e sa'e t'e1 does t+at 'ean t+at
t+at s$ecal $art of s$ace s so'e+o8 'odfedW or does t 'ean t+at a
'ental '$resson1 con2e"ed b" t+e dstant a&entt+e $+anto'Cbe&etter
to one of t+e $erc$ents s reflected tele$at+call" fro' t+at $erc$ent5s
'nd to t+e 'nds of t+e ot+eras t 8ere secondar"$erc$entsW T+e
reader alread" 3no8s t+at I $refer t+e for'er of t+ese 2e8s. %nd I obser2e
as telln& a&anst t+at ot+er 2e81 of $s"c+cal conta&ont+at n certan
collect2e cases 8e dscern no $robable ln3 bet8een an" one of t+e
$erc$ent 'nds and t+e dstant a&ent.
In so'e of t+at &ro)$ of collect2e cases 8+c+ 8e are at t+s 'o'ent
consdern&1 t+s absence of ln3 s notceable n a s$ecal 8a". T+e a&ent
'a" ndeed be acE)anted 8t+ t+e $erc$ents1as /rs. Bea)'ont (645 C)
8as acE)anted 8t+ t+e 2aro)s $ersons 8+o sa8 +er. B)t t+ere s not+n&
to s+o8 t+at an" t+o)&+t or e'oton 8as $assn& fro' a&ent to $erc$ents
at t+e 'o'ent of t+e a$$arton. On t+e contrar"1 t+e ndcaton s t+at t+ere
s no necessar" connecton 8+ate2er bet8een t+e a&ent5s condton of 'nd
at t+e 'o'ent and t+e fact t+at s)c+ and s)c+ $ersons obser2ed +s
$+antas'. T+e $roDecton of t+e $+antas'1 f I 'a" so ter' t1 see's a
'atter 8+oll" a)to'atc on t+e a&ent5s $art1 as a)to'atc and 'eann&less
as a drea'.
%ss)'n&1 t+en1 t+at t+s s sot+at t+ese blocatons do occ)r 8t+o)t
an" a$$recable st')l)s fro' 8t+o)t1 and n 'o'ents of a$$arent cal'
and ndfferencen 8+at 8a" 8ll t+s fact tend to 'odf" $re2o)s
conce$tonsW
It s)&&ests t+at t+e contn)o)s drea'Clfe 8+c+ 8e ')st s)$$ose to r)n
conc)rrentl" 8t+ o)r 8a3n& lfe s $otent eno)&+ to effect fro' t'e to
t'e eno)&+ of dssocaton to enable so'e ele'ent of t+e $ersonalt" to be
$erce2ed at a dstance fro' t+e or&ans'. -o8 ')c+ of consco)sness1 f
an"1 'a" be felt at t+e $ont 8+ere t+e e#c)rs2e $+antas' s seen1 8e
cannot sa". B)t t+e noton t+at a 'ere nco+erent E)asCdrea' s+o)ld t+)s
beco'e $erce$tble to ot+ers s f)ll" n accordance 8t+ t+e t+eores
s)&&ested n t+s 8or3. 4or I re&ard s)bl'nal o$eraton as continuousy
&on& on1 and I +old t+at t+e de&ree of dssocaton 8+c+ can &enerate a
$erce$tble $+antas' s not necessarl" a $rofo)nd c+an&e1 snce t+at
$erce$tblt" de$ends so lar&el" )$on dos"ncrases of a&ent and $erc$ent
as "et 8+oll" )ne#$laned.
T+at s$ecal dos"ncrac" on t+e $art of t+e a&ent 8+c+ tends to 'a3e
+s $+antas' easl" 2sble +as ne2er "et1 so far as I 3no81 rece2ed a na'e1
alt+o)&+ for con2enence5 sa3e t certanl" needs one. I $ro$ose to +i,HLJ-
)se t+e Gree3 8ord u61 8+c+ 'eans strctl" to let t+e so)l
brea3 loose19 and fro' 8+c+ I for' t+e 8ords psychorrhagy and
psychorrhagic on ob2o)s analo&es. 6+en I sa" t+at /rs. Bea)'ont or /r.
6lla's1 a&ents n t+e cases cted n '+, A and C 1 8ere born 8t+ t+e
psychorrhagic diathesis, I e#$ress 8+at I bele2e to be an '$ortant fact1
$+"solo&cal as 8ell as $s"c+olo&cal1 n ter's 8+c+ see' $edantc1 b)t
8+c+ are t+e onl" ones 8+c+ 'ean e#actl" 8+at t+e facts obl&e 'e to sa".
T+at 8+c+ brea3s loose9 on '" +"$ot+ess s not (as n t+e Gree3 )se of
t+e 8ord) t+e 8+ole $rnc$le of lfe n t+e or&ans'G rat+er t s so'e
$s"c+cal ele'ent $robabl" of 2er" 2ar"n& c+aracter1 and defnable 'anl"
b" ts $o8er of $rod)cn& a $+antas'1 $erce$tble b" one or 'ore $ersons1
n so'e $orton or ot+er of s$ace. I +old t+at t+s $+antas'o&enetc effect
'a" be $rod)ced et+er on t+e 'nd1 and conseE)entl" on t+e bran of
anot+er $ersonn 8+c+ case +e 'a" dscern t+e $+antas' so'e8+ere n
+s 2cnt"1 accordn& to +s o8n 'ental +abt or $re$ossessonor else
drectl" on a $orton of s$ace1 o)t n t+e o$en19 n 8+c+ case se2eral
$ersons 'a" s')ltaneo)sl" dscern t+e $+antas' n t+at act)al s$ot.
'+9 . Let )s a$$l" t+e 2e8 to one of o)r 'ost bNarre and $)NNln&
casest+at of Canon Bo)rne (see '+, D ). -ere I conce2e t+at Canon
Bo)rne1 8+le rdn& n t+e +)ntn&Cfeld1 8as also s)bl'nall" drea'n& of
+'self ('a&nn& +'self 8t+ so'e $art of +s s)b'er&ed consco)sness)
as +a2n& +ad a fall1 and as bec3onn& to +s da)&+tersan nco+erent
drea' ndeed1 b)t of a E)te ordnar" t"$e. I &o on to s)$$ose t+at1 Canon
Bo)rne ben& born 8t+ t+e $s"c+orr+a&c dat+ess1 a certan $s"c+cal
ele'ent so far detac+ed tself fro' +s or&ans' as to affect a certan
$orton of s$acenear t+e da)&+ters of 8+o' +e 8as t+n3n&to affect t1
I sa"1 not 'aterall" nor e2en o$tcall"1 b)t "et n s)c+ a 'anner t+at to a
certan 3nd of ''ateral and nonCo$tcal senst2t" a $+antas' of +'self
and +s +orse beca'e dscernble. -s +orse 8as of co)rse as $)rel" a $art
of t+e $+antas'al $ct)re as +s +at. T+e nonCo$tcal dstnctness 8t+ 8+c+
t+e 8ords $rnted nsde +s +at 8ere seen ndcates t+at t 8as so'e nner
nonCretnal 2son 8+c+ rece2ed t+e '$resson fro' t+e $+antas'o&enetc
centre. T+e ot+er $+antas'al a$$earance of Canon Bo)rne c+anced to affect
onl" one $erc$ent1 b)t 8as of $recsel" t+e sa'e c+aracterG and of co)rse
adds1 so far as t &oes1 to t+e $la)sblt" of t+e abo2e e#$lanaton.
T+at e#$lanaton1 ndeed1 s)ffers fro' t+e co'$le#t" and a$$arent
abs)rdt" ne2table n dealn& 8t+ $+eno'ena 8+c+ &reatl" transcend
3no8n la8sG b)t on t+e ot+er +and t does n ts 8a" coll&ate Canon
Bo)rne5s case 8t+ a &ood 'an" ot+ers of odd and 2ar"n& t"$es. T+)s t+ese
a$$earances of Canon Bo)rne5s1 /rs. Bea)'ont5s1 /rs1 -a83ns51 &c.1 are
n '" 2e8 e#actl" $arallel to t+e hauntings ascrbed to de$arted s$rts.
T+ere also 8e fnd a $s"c+orr+a&c dat+essa +abt or ca$act" on t+e
$art of certan s$rts of detac+n& so'e $s"c+cal ele'ent n s)c+ +i,HLK- a
'anner as to for' a $+antas'al $ct)re1 8+c+ re$resents t+e s$rt as &on&
t+ro)&+ so'e drea'Cl3e acton n a &2en $lace.
T+e $+antas'o&enetc centre 'a" t+)s1 n '" 2e81 be eE)all" 8ell
$rod)ced b" an ncarnate or b" a dscarnate s$rt.
T+ese $s"c+orr+a&c cases are also1 I t+n31 '$ortant as s+o8n& )s t+e
earlest or feeblest sta&es of selfC$roDecton8+ere t+e dssocaton belon&s
to t+e drea'Cstrat)''$lcatn& net+er t+e s)$ral'nal 8ll nor t+e
$rofo)nder s)bl'nal strata.
',0 . %nd no8 let )s $ass on fro' t+ese $s"c+orr+a&c cases1 8+c+
+ardl" concern an"bod" be"ond t+e $+anto'Cbe&etter +'selfand do not
e2en add an"t+n& to +s o8n 3no8led&eto cases 8+ere t+ere s so'e sort
of co'')ncaton fro' one 'nd to anot+er1 or so'e 3no8led&e &aned b"
t+e e#c)rs2e s$rt.
It s '$ossble to arran&e t+ese &ro)$s n one contn)o)s lo&cal seres.
B)t1 ro)&+l" s$ea3n&1 t+e de&ree n 8+c+ t+e $s"c+cal collson s
recoected on et+er sde 'a" n so'e de&ree ndcate ts intensity, and 'a"
ser2e as a &)de to o)r $ro2sonal arran&e'ent.
%nd follo8n& t+s sc+e'e I s+all be&n 8t+ a &ro)$ of cases 8+c+
see' to $ro'se b)t lttle nfor'aton1cases1 na'el"1 8+ere %1 t+e a&ent1
n so'e 8a" '$resses or n2ades P1 t+e $erc$ent1b)t ne2ert+eless
net+er % nor P retans n s)$ral'nal 'e'or" an" 3no8led&e of 8+at +as
occ)rred.
!o8 to be&n 8t+ 8e s+all +a2e no dffc)lt" n ad'ttn& t+at cases of
t+s t"$e are l3el" often to occ)r. T+e $s"c+cal rapprochement of tele$at+"
ta3es $lace1 e0 hypothesi, n a re&on 8+c+ s s)bl'nal for bot+ a&ent and
$erc$ent1 and fro' 8+ence b)t fe8 and scattered '$ressons rse for
et+er of t+e' abo2e t+e consco)s t+res+old. Tele$at+" 8ll t+)s $robabl"
o$erate far 'ore contn)o)sl" t+an o)r scattered &l'$ses 8o)ld n
t+e'sel2es s)&&est.
B)t +o8 can 8e o)tsde nE)rers 3no8 an"t+n& of tele$at+c ncdents
8+c+ t+e $rnc$als t+e'sel2es fal alto&et+er to re'e'berW
In ordnar" lfe 8e 'a" so'et'es learn fro' b"standers ncdents
8+c+ 8e cannot learn fro' t+e $rnc$als t+e'sel2es. Can t+ere be
b"standers 8+o loo3 on at a $s"c+cal n2asonW
T+e E)eston s of ')c+ t+eoretcal '$ort. On '" 2e8 t+at t+ere s a
real transference of so'et+n& fro' t+e a&ent1 n2ol2n& an alteraton of
so'e 3nd n a $artc)lar $art of s$ace1 t+ere '&+t t+eoretcall" be so'e
b"stander 8+o '&+t dscern t+at alteraton n s$ace 'ore clearl" t+an t+e
$erson for 8+ose beneft1 so to sa"1 t+e alteraton 8as 'ade. If1 on t+e ot+er
+and1 8+at +as +a$$ened s 'erel" a transference of so'e '$)lse fro'
'nd to 'nd9Gt+en one can +ardl" )nderstand +o8 an" 'nd e#ce$t t+e
'nd a'ed at co)ld $erce2e t+e tele$at+c '$resson. Yet1 n coective
cases1 $ersons n 8+o' t+e a&ent feels no nterest1 na"1 of 8+ose $resence
alon& 8t+ t+e ntended $erc$ent +e s not a8are1 do n fact rece2e t+e
'$resson n D)st t+e sa'e 8a" as t+at ntended +i,HLL- $erc$ent +'self.
T+s 8as e#$laned b" G)rne" as $robabl" d)e to a fres+ tele$at+c
trans'sson1t+s t'e fro' t+e d)e or or&nal $erc$ent5s 'nd to t+e
'nds of +s ne&+bo)rs of t+e 'o'ent.
()c+ a s)$$oston1 +o8e2er1 n tself a dffc)lt one1 beco'es ')c+
'ore dffc)lt 8+en t+e tele$at+c '$)lse +as ne2er1 so far as 8e 3no81
$enetrated nto t+e d)e or ntended $erc$ent5s 'nd at all. If n s)c+ a case
a b"stander $erce2es t+e n2adn& f&)re1 I ')st t+n3 t+at +e $erce2es t
'erel" as a b"stander1not as a $erson tele$at+call" nfl)enced b" t+e
ntended $erc$ent1 8+o does not n fact $erce2e an"t+n& 8+atsoe2er. I
E)ote n ll)straton a bNarre b)t 8ellCattested case1 8+c+ t+s e#$lanaton
see's to ft better t+an an" ot+er.
4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .*<. 6e rece2ed t+e frst
acco)nt of t+s caset+e $erc$ent5s e2dencet+ro)&+ t+e 3ndness of
/rs. /artn1 of -a' Co)rt1 :$tonConC(e2ern1 6orcester.
%!TO!Y1 TORPOI!T1 *ecember *<th, *AA..
-elen %le#ander ('ad to Lad" 6alde&ra2e) 8as l"n& +ere 2er" ll
8t+ t"$+od fe2er1 and 8as attended b" 'e. I 8as standn& at t+e table b"
+er bedsde1 $o)rn& o)t +er 'edcne1 at abo)t < o5cloc3 n t+e 'ornn& of
t+e <t+ October *AA>. I +eard t+e callCbell rn& (t+s +ad been +eard t8ce
before d)rn& t+e n&+t n t+at sa'e 8ee3)1 and 8as attracted b" t+e door of
t+e roo' o$enn&1 and b" seen& a $erson entern& t+e roo' 8+o' I
nstantl" felt to be t+e 'ot+er of t+e sc3 8o'an. (+e +ad a brass
candlestc3 n +er +and1 a red s+a8l o2er +er s+o)lders1 and a flannel
$ettcoat on 8+c+ +ad a +ole n t+e front. I loo3ed at +er as ')c+ as to sa"1
I a' &lad "o) +a2e co'e19 b)t t+e 8o'an loo3ed at 'e sternl"1 as ')c+
as to sa"1 6+" 8asn5t I sent for beforeW9 I &a2e t+e 'edcne to -elen
%le#ander1 and t+en t)rned ro)nd to s$ea3 to t+e 2son1 b)t no one 8as
t+ere. (+e +ad &one. (+e 8as a s+ort1 dar3 $erson1 and 2er" sto)t. %t abo)t
B o5cloc3 t+at 'ornn& -elen %le#ander ded. T8o da"s after +er $arents
and a sster ca'e to %nton"1 and arr2ed bet8een * and . o5cloc3 n t+e
'ornn&G I and anot+er 'ad let t+e' n1 and t &a2e 'e a &reat t)rn 8+en I
sa8 t+e l2n& l3eness of t+e 2son I +ad seen t8o n&+ts before. I told t+e
sster abo)t t+e 2son1 and s+e sad t+at t+e descr$ton of t+e dress e#actl"
ans8ered to +er 'ot+er5s1 and t+at t+e" +ad brass candlestc3s at +o'e
e#actl" l3e t+e one descrbed. T+ere 8as not t+e sl&+test rese'blance
bet8een t+e 'ot+er and da)&+ter.
4R%!CE( RE,,ELL.
T+s at frst s&+t '&+t be ta3en for a 'ere del)son of an e#ctable or
o2erCtred ser2ant1 'odfed and e#a&&erated b" t+e s)bseE)ent s&+t of t+e
real 'ot+er. If s)c+ a case s to +a2e e2dental force1 8e ')st ascertan
be"ond do)bt t+at t+e descr$ton of t+e e#$erence 8as &2en n detal
before an" 3no8led&e of t+e realt" can +a2e affected t+e $erc$ent5s
'e'or" or 'a&naton. T+s necessar" corroboraton +as been 3ndl"
s)$$led b" /rs. PoleCCare81 of %nton"1 Tor$ont1 ,e2on$ort.
*ecember ;*st, *AA;.
In October *AA>1 Lord and Lad" 6alde&ra2e ca'e 8t+ t+er (cotc+
'ad1 -elen %le#ander1 to sta" 8t+ )s. LT+e acco)nt t+en descrbes +o8 +i,
HLM- -elen 8as dsco2ered to +a2e ca)&+t t"$+od fe2er.M (+e dd not see'
to be 2er" ll n s$te of t1 and as t+ere see'ed no fear of dan&er1 and Lord
and Lad" 6alde&ra2e +ad to &o a lon& Do)rne" t+e follo8n& da"
(T+)rsda")1 t+e" decded to lea2e +er1 as t+e" 8ere ad2sed to do1 )nder
t+er frends5 care.
T+e llness ran ts )s)al co)rse1 and s+e see'ed to be &on& on $erfectl"
8ell tll t+e ()nda" 8ee3 follo8n&1 8+en t+e doctor told 'e t+at t+e fe2er
+ad left +er1 b)t t+e state of 8ea3ness 8+c+ +ad s)$er2ened 8as s)c+ as to
'a3e +' e#tre'el" an#o)s. I ''edatel" en&a&ed a re&)lar n)rse1
&reatl" a&anst t+e 8s+ of Reddell1 '" 'ad1 8+o +ad been +er c+ef n)rse
all t+ro)&+ t+e llness1 and 8+o 8as E)te de2oted to +er. -o8e2er1 as t+e
n)rse co)ld not con2enentl" co'e tll t+e follo8n& da"1 I allo8ed Reddell
to st )$ 8t+ -elen a&an t+at n&+t1 to &2e +er t+e 'edcne and food1
8+c+ 8ere to be ta3en constantl".
%t abo)t <.;> t+at n&+t1 or rat+er /onda" 'ornn&1 Reddell loo3ed at
+er 8atc+1 $o)red o)t t+e 'edcne1 and 8as bendn& o2er t+e bed to &2e t
to -elen1 8+en t+e callCbell n t+e $assa&e ran&. (+e sad to +erself1
T+ere5s t+at treso'e bell 8t+ t+e 8re ca)&+t a&an.9 (It see's t dd
occasonall" rn& of tself n t+s 'anner.) %t t+at 'o'ent1 +o8e2er1 s+e
+eard t+e door o$en1 and loo3n& ro)nd1 sa8 a 2er" sto)t old 8o'an 8al3
n. (+e 8as dressed n a n&+tC&o8n and red flannel $ettcoat1 and carred an
oldCfas+oned brass candlestc3 n +er +and. T+e $ettcoat +ad a +ole r)bbed
n t. (+e 8al3ed nto t+e roo'1 and a$$eared to be &on& to8ards t+e
dressn&Ctable to $)t +er candle do8n. (+e 8as a $erfect stran&er to Reddell1
8+o1 +o8e2er1 'erel" t+o)&+t1 T+s s +er 'ot+er co'e to see after +er19
and s+e felt E)te &lad t 8as so1 acce$tn& t+e dea 8t+o)t reasonn& )$on
t1 as one 8o)ld n a drea'. (+e t+o)&+t t+e 'ot+er loo3ed anno"ed1
$ossbl" at not +a2n& been sent for before. (+e t+en &a2e -elen t+e
'edcne1 and t)rnn& ro)nd1 fo)nd t+at t+e a$$arton +ad dsa$$eared1 and
t+at t+e door 8as s+)t. % &reat c+an&e1 'ean8+le1 +ad ta3en $lace n
-elen1 and Reddell fetc+ed 'e1 8+o sent off for t+e doctor1 and 'ean8+le
a$$led +ot $o)ltces1 &c.1 b)t -elen ded a lttle before t+e doctor ca'e.
(+e 8as E)te consco)s )$ to abo)t +alfCanC+o)r before s+e ded1 8+en s+e
see'ed to be &on& to slee$.
,)rn& t+e earl" da"s of +er llness -elen +ad 8rtten to a sster1
'entonn& +er ben& )n8ell1 b)t 'a3n& not+n& of t1 and as s+e ne2er
'entoned an" one b)t t+s sster1 t 8as s)$$osed b" t+e +o)se+old1 to
8+o' s+e 8as a $erfect stran&er1 t+at s+e +ad no ot+er relaton al2e.
Reddell 8as al8a"s offern& to 8rte for +er1 b)t s+e al8a"s declned1
sa"n& t+ere 8as no need1 s+e 8o)ld 8rte +erself n a da" or t8o. !o one at
+o'e1 t+erefore1 3ne8 an"t+n& of +er ben& so ll1 and t s1 t+erefore1
re'ar3able t+at +er 'ot+er1 a far fro' ner2o)s $erson1 s+o)ld +a2e sad t+at
e2enn& &on& )$ to bed1 I a' s)re -elen s 2er" ll.9
Reddell told 'e and '" da)&+ter of t+e a$$arton1 abo)t an +o)r after
-elen5s deat+1 $refacn& 8t+1 I a' not s)$erstto)s1 or ner2o)s1 and I
8asn5t t+e least fr&+tened1 b)t +er 'ot+er ca'e last n&+t19 and s+e t+en
told t+e stor"1 &2n& a caref)l descr$ton of t+e f&)re s+e +ad seen. T+e
relatons 8ere as3ed to co'e to t+e f)neral1 and t+e fat+er1 'ot+er1 and
sster ca'e1 and n t+e 'ot+er Reddell reco&nsed t+e a$$arton1 as I dd
also1 for Reddell5s descr$ton +ad been 'ost acc)rate1 e2en to t+e
e#$resson1 8+c+ s+e +ad ascrbed to anno"ance1 b)t 8+c+ 8as d)e to
deafness. It 8as D)d&ed best not to s$ea3 abo)t t to t+e 'ot+er1 b)t Reddell
told t+e sster1 8+o sad +i,HLN- t+e descr$ton of t+e f&)re corres$onded
e#actl" 8t+ t+e $robable a$$earance of +er 'ot+er f ro)sed n t+e n&+tG
t+at t+e" +ad e#actl" s)c+ a candlestc3 at +o'e1 and t+at t+ere 8as a +ole
n +er 'ot+er5s $ettcoat $rod)ced b" t+e 8a" s+e al8a"s 8ore t. It see's
c)ro)s t+at net+er -elen nor +er 'ot+er a$$eared to be a8are of t+e 2st.
!et+er of t+e'1 at an" rate1 e2er s$o3e of +a2n& seen t+e ot+er1 nor e2en
of +a2n& drea't of +a2n& done so.
4. %. POLECC%RE6.
L4rances Reddell states t+at s+e +as ne2er +ad an" +all)cnaton1 or an"
odd e#$erence of an" 3nd1 e#ce$t on t+s one occason. T+e -on. /rs.
L"ttelton1 for'erl" of (el8"n Colle&e1 Ca'brd&e1 8+o 3no8s +er1 tells )s
t+at s+e a$$ears to be a 'ost 'atterCofCfact $erson1 and 8as a$$arentl"
'ost '$ressed b" t+e fact t+at s+e sa8 a +ole n t+e 'ot+er5s flannel
$ettcoat1 'ade b" t+e b)s3 of +er sta"s1 re$rod)ced n t+e a$$arton.9M
!o8 8+at I 'a&ne to +a2e +a$$ened +ere s t+s. T+e 'ot+er1 an#o)s
abo)t +er da)&+ter1 $ad +er a $s"c+cal 2st d)rn& t+e slee$ of bot+. In so
don& s+e act)all" 'odfed a certan $orton of s$ace1 not 'aterall" nor
o$tcall"1 b)t n s)c+ a 'anner t+at $ersons $erce$t2e n a certan fas+on
8o)ld dscern n t+at $art of s$ace an 'a&e a$$ro#'atel" corres$ondn&
to t+e conce$ton of +er o8n as$ect latent n t+e n2adn& 'ot+er5s 'nd. %
$erson t+)s s)sce$tble +a$$ened to be n t+e roo'1 and t+)s1 as a
b"stander1 8tnessed a $s"c+cal n2ason 8+ose 'e'or" t+e n2ader
a$$arentl" dd not retan1 8+le t+e n2aded $ersont+e d)e $erc$ent
'a" or 'a" not +a2e $erce2ed t n a drea'1 b)t ded and left no s&n of
+a2n& done so.
',1 . I &2e n ',1 A a so'e8+at s'lar case1 8+ere t+ere s stron&
attestaton t+at a salor1 8atc+n& b" a d"n& co'rade1 sa8 f&)res aro)nd
+s +a''oc31 a$$arentl" re$resentn& t+e d"n& 'an5s fa'l"1 n 'o)rnn&1
&arb. T+e fa'l"1 alt+o)&+ t+e" +ad no ordnar" 3no8led&e of t+e salor5s
llness1 +ad been alar'ed b" noses1 &c.1 8+c+ r&+tl" or 8ron&l" t+e" too3
as ndcatons of so'e dan&er to +'. I conce2e1 t+en1 t+at t+e 8fe $ad a
$s"c+cal 2st to +er +)sbandG and I ta3e t+e 'o)rnn& &arb and t+e
acco'$an"n& c+ldren5s f&)res to be s"'bolcal acco'$an'ents1
re$resentn& +er t+o)&+t1 /" c+ldren 8ll be or$+ans19 n D)st t+e sa'e
8a" as t+e f&)re n t+e flannel $ettcoat1 &c.1 re$resented /rs. Reddell5s
t+o)&+t1 I ')st &et o)t of bed and see +o8 '" da)&+ter loo3s toCn&+t.9 I
t+n3 t+s 'ore l3el" t+an t+at t+e Pearce c+ldren also s+o)ld +a2e
$ossessed t+s rare $ec)lart" of beco'n& $erce$tble at a dstant $ont n
s$ace. %nd secondar" f&)res1 as 8e s+all see later on1 are not )nco''on n
s)c+ tele$at+c $resentatons. One 'a" $ct)re oneself as t+o)&+ +oldn& a
c+ld b" t+e +and1 or e2en dr2n& n a carra&e and $ar1 as 22dl" as
t+o)&+ carr"n& an )'brella or 8al3n& across a roo'G and one 'a" be t+)s
$ct)red to ot+ers. I 8ll &2e one 'ore nstance of t+s de$ected $erce$ton1
8+ere a d"n& (or dead) 'an1 a$$arentl" 8s+n& to a$$ear to +s sster1 fals
to attract +er attenton1 b)t s obser2ed b" a1 blac3 n)rse1 8+o +as ne2er
seen +' n t+e fles+.
+i,HLO-
4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. B*.
T+s case ca'e fro' /rs. Cler3e1 of Clfton Lod&e1 4arE)+ar Road1
:$$er !or8ood1 (.E.
<ctober ;>th, *AA?.
In t+e 'ont+ of %)&)st *AB<1 abo)t ; or < o5cloc3 n t+e afternoon1 I
8as sttn& readn& n t+e 2eranda+ of o)r +o)se n Barbadoes. /" blac3
n)rse 8as dr2n& '" lttle &rl1 abo)t e&+teen 'ont+s or so old1 n +er
$era'b)lator n t+e &arden. I &ot )$ after so'e t'e to &o nto t+e +o)se1
not +a2n& notced an"t+n& at all8+en t+s blac3 8o'an sad to 'e1
/sss1 8+o 8as t+at &entle'an t+at 8as tal3n& to "o) D)st no8W9 T+ere
8as no one tal3n& to 'e19 I sad. O+1 "es1 dere 8as1 'sssa 2er" $ale
&entle'an1 2er" tall1 and +e tal3ed to "o)1 and "o) 8as 2er" r)de1 for "o)
ne2er ans8ered +'.9 I re$eated t+ere 8as no one1 and &ot rat+er cross 8t+
t+e 8o'an1 and s+e be&&ed 'e to 8rte do8n t+e da"1 for s+e 3ne8 s+e +ad
seen so'e one. I dd1 and n a fe8 da"s I +eard of t+e deat+ of '" brot+er n
Toba&o. !o81 t+e c)ro)s $art s t+s1 t+at ( dd not see +'1 b)t s+ea
stran&er to +'ddG and s+e sad t+at +e see'ed 2er" an#o)s for 'e to
notce +'.
/%Y CLERRE.
In ans8er to nE)res1 /rs. Cler3e sa"s
*. T+e da" of deat+ 8as t+e sa'e1 for I 8rote t do8n. I
t+n3 t 8as t+e ;rd of %)&)st1 b)t I 3no8 t 8as t+e
sa'e.
.. T+e descr$ton1 2er" tall and $ale19 8as acc)rate.
;. I +ad no dea t+at +e 8as ll. -e 8as onl" a fe8 da"s ll.
<. T+e 8o'an +ad ne2er seen +'. (+e +ad been 8t+ 'e
for abo)t e&+teen 'ont+s1 and I consdered +er tr)t+f)l.
(+e +ad no ob"ect n telln& 'e.
In con2ersaton1 G)rne" learned t+at /rs. Cler3e +ad ''edatel"
'entoned 8+at t+e ser2ant sad1 and t+e fact t+at s+e +ad 8rtten do8n t+e
date1 to +er +)sband1 Colonel Cler3e1 8+o corroborates as follo8sJ
I 8ell re'e'ber t+at on t+e da" on 8+c+ /r. 7o+n Beresford1 '" 8fe5s
brot+er1 ded n Toba&oafter a s+ort llness of 8+c+ 8e 8ere not a8are
o)r blac3 n)rse declared s+e sa81 at as nearl" as $ossble t+e t'e of +s
deat+1 a &entle'an1 e#actl" ans8ern& to /r. Beresford5s descr$ton1
leann& o2er t+e bac3 of /rs. Cler3e5s eas"Cc+ar n t+e o$en 2eranda+. T+e
f&)re 8as not seen b" an" one else.
(-%,6ELL -. CLERRE.
6e fnd t stated n B)r3e5s &eerage t+at /r. 7. -. de la Poer Beresford1
(ecretar" for t+e Island of Toba&o1 ded on %)&)st ;1 *AB; (not *AB<). It s
on t+s case t+at G)rne" re'ar3sJ
If t+s ncdent s to be nter$reted tele$at+call"1 t s scarcel" $ossble
to s)$$ose t+at /rs. Cler3e5s o8n $resence dd not $la" a $art n t+e
$+eno'enon. T+e case 8o)ld t+en be co'$arable to so'e collect2e9
cases 8+ere one of t+e $erc$ents s a stran&er to t+e a&entG t+e dfference
ben& t+at +ere t+e $erson 8+o s+o)ld (so to s$ea3) +a2e been t+e $rnc$al
$erc$ent 8as as )nconsco)s of t+e '$resson 8+c+ s+e rece2ed as 8e
+a2e fo)nd t+e $erc$ent to be n so'e of t+e e#$er'ental cases.
+i,HMP-
To 'e t see's t+at t+e nurse 8as 'erel" t+e b"stander1 endo8ed 8t+ a
s$ecal $erce$t2t"1 'ore effect2e +ere t+an t+e 3ns+$ of t+e ntended
$erc$ent. !ote t+at n t+s case 8e +a2e no 'eans of 3no8n& 8+et+er t+e
n2ader recollected t+e ncdent or not. T+e narrat2e belon&s to a class as to
8+c+ 8e s+all after8ards +a2e to sa" ')c+1 8+ere t+e deat+ of t+e a&ent
+as $re2ented E)eston1 and +as left t )ncertan 8+at +s condton at t+e
t'e or +s s)bseE)ent recollecton 'a" +a2e been.
',( . %nd +ere I note a &rad)al transton to t+e ne#t lar&e class of cases
on 8+c+ I a' abo)t to enter. I a' abo)t to deal 8t+ testhesia8t+
cases 8+ere an a&entC$erc$entfor +e s bot+ n one'a3es a
clar2o"ant e#c)rson (of a 'ore sero)s t"$e t+an t+e 'ere $s"c+orr+a&es
alread" descrbed)1 and brn&s bac3 so'e 'e'or" of t+e scene 8+c+ +e +as
$s"c+call" 2sted. !o81 of co)rse1 t 'a" +a$$en t+at +e fals to brn&
bac3 an" s)c+ 'e'or"1 or t+at f +e does brn& t bac31 +e tells no one abo)t
t. In s)c+ cases1 D)st as n t+e tele$at+c cases of 8+c+ I +a2e D)st s$o3en1
t+e e#c)rs2e $+anto' 'a" $ossbl" be obser2ed b" a b"stander1 and t+e
crc)'stances 'a" be s)c+ as to n2ol2e so'e concdence 8+c+ ne&at2es
t+e s)$$oston of t+e b"stander5s 'ere s)bDect2e fanc". ()c+1 I t+n31 s t+e
follo8n& case. T+e narrator s a lad" 8ell 3no8n to 'e1 8+o +as +ad ot+er
2erdcal e#$erences.
4ro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19 &roceedings (.P.R.1
2ol. #. $. ;;.. T+e acco)nt s &2en b" /rs. /c%l$ne.
G%R(C%,,E!1 BE%R(,E!1 GL%(GO61 Apri .>th, *A@..
I re'e'ber n t+e 7)ne of *AA@1 I dro2e to Castleblane"1 a lttle to8n n
t+e co)nt" /ona&+an1 to 'eet '" sster1 8+o 8as co'n& b" tran fro'
Lon&ford. I e#$ected +er at t+ree o5cloc31 b)t as s+e dd not co'e 8t+ t+at
tran1 I &ot t+e +orse $)t )$1 and 8ent for a 8al3 n t+e de'esne. T+e da"
8as 2er" 8ar' and br&+t1 and I 8andered on )nder t+e s+ade of t+e trees to
t+e sde of a la3e1 8+c+ s n t+e de'esne. Ben& at len&t+ tred1 I sat do8n
to rest )$on a roc31 at t+e ed&e of t+e 8ater. /" attenton 8as E)te ta3en )$
8t+ t+e e#tre'e bea)t" of t+e scene before 'e. T+ere 8as not a so)nd or
'o2e'ent1 e#ce$t t+e soft r$$le of t+e 8ater on t+e sand at '" feet.
Presentl" I felt a cold c+ll cree$ t+ro)&+ 'e1 and a c)ro)s stffness of '"
l'bs1 as f I coud not 'o2e1 t+o)&+ 8s+n& to do so. I felt fr&+tened1 "et
c+aned to t+e s$ot1 and as f '$elled to stare at t+e 8ater stra&+t n front
of 'e. Grad)all" a blac3 clo)d see'ed to rse1 and n t+e 'dst of t I sa8 a
tall 'an1 n a s)t of t8eed1 D)'$ nto t+e 8ater and sn3.
In a 'o'ent t+e dar3ness 8as &one1 and I a&an beca'e sensble of t+e
+eat and s)ns+ne1 b)t I 8as a8ed and felt eere9t 8as t+en abo)t fo)r
o5cloc3 or soI cannot re'e'ber et+er t+e e#act t'e or date. On '"
sster5s arr2al I told +er of t+e occ)rrenceG s+e 8as s)r$rsed1 b)t nclned to
la)&+ at t. 6+en 8e &ot +o'e I told '" brot+erG +e treated t+e s)bDect
')c+ n t+e sa'e 'anner. -o8e2er1 abo)t a 8ee3 after8ards1 a /r. Es$e1
a ban3 cler3 ()n3no8n to 'e)1 co''tted s)cde b" dro8nn& n t+at 2er"
s$ot. -e left a letter for +s 8fe1 ndcatn& t+at +e +ad for so'e t'e
conte'$lated +s +i,HMG- deat+. /" sster5s 'e'or" of t+e e2ent s t+e onl"
e2dence I can &2e. I dd not see t+e acco)nt of t+e nE)est at t+e t'e1 and
dd not 'enton '" stran&e e#$erence to an" one1 sa2n& '" sster and
brot+er.
4. C. /C%LPI!E.
/rs. /c%l$ne5s sster 8rtesJ
RO0BOROI1 9ebruary *?th, *A@..
I re'e'ber $erfectl" "o) 'eetn& 'e n Castleblane"1 on '" 8a" +o'e
fro' Lon&ford1 and telln& 'e of t+e stran&e t+n& 8+c+ +a$$ened n t+e
de'esne. Yo) 3no8 "o) 8ere al8a"s +earn& or seen& so'et+n&1 and I
$ad lttle attenton1 b)t I re'e'ber t dstnctl""o)r tro)bled e#$resson
'ore t+an t+e stor". Yo) sad a tall &entle'an1 dressed n t8eed1 8al3ed
$ast "o)1 and 8ent nto a lttle nlet or cree3. I t+n31 b)t a' not s)re1 t+at
"o) sad +e +ad a beard. Yo) 8ere tro)bled abo)t t1 or loo3ed soG and I
tal3ed of ot+er t+n&s. Yo) told 'e 8+le 8e 8ere dr2n& +o'e. I t+n31 b)t
I a' not s)re1 t+at t 8as abo)t t+e .?t+ or .=t+ of 7)ne *AA@ t+at I left
Lon&ford. I a' s)re of t+at ben& t+e da"1 b)t cannot re'e'ber t+e date. (t
#as in 1une, and on t+e ;rd of 7)l" *AA@ a /r. Es$e1 a ban3 cler31 dro8ned
+'self n t+e la3e n t+e de'esne n 5Blane". I +a2e no do)bt t+at t+e da" I
ca'e +o'e "o) sa8 /r. Es$e5s fetc+.9
T+e follo8n& acco)nt s ta3en fro' a local $a$er1 t+e Northern
Standard, (at)rda"1 7)l" Bt+1 *AA@J
Sad Case o$ Suicide.T+e to8n of Castleblane" 8as $)t nto a fearf)l
state of e#cte'ent 8+en t beca'e 3no8n on 6ednesda" last t+at /r. Es$"
+ad co''tted s)cde b" dro8nn& +'self n t+e la3e n t+e de'esne.
Latterl" +e 8as notced to be rat+er d)ll and lo8 n s$rts1 b)t no sero)s
notce 8as ta3en of +s cond)ct1 nor +ad an" one t+e 'ost re'ote dea t+at
+e conte'$lated s)cde. On 6ednesda" 'ornn& +e see'ed n +s )s)al
+ealt+1 and1 as 8as c)sto'ar" 8t+ +'1 8al3ed do8n to &et +s ne8s$a$er
on t+e arr2al of t+e @.<? tran fro' ,)bln. -e 'et /r. 4o# (n 8+ose
offce +e +as been for "ears) at t+e staton1 and +a2n& $roc)red +s $a$er
8al3ed )$ to t+e offce1 8rote a note n 8+c+ +e stated 8+at +e 8as &on&
to do1 and ndcatn& 8+ere +s bod" 8o)ld be fo)nd. T+s see'ed to
concern +' a &ood deal1 for +e see'ed 2er" an#o)s t+at +s bod" s+o)ld
be reco2ered 8t+o)t an" dela". -e +ad fs+n&Ctac3le n +s $oc3et1 and
+a2n& ted one end of a $3elne to a tree1 and t+e ot+er end ro)nd one of
+s le&s1 +e t+re8 +'self nto abo)t t+ree feet dee$ of 8ater1 8+ere +e 8as
fo)nd s+ortl" after8ards E)te dead1 and before t+e note t+at +e +ad left n
t+e offce +ad been o$ened.
It 8o)ld be $ossble1 no do)bt1 to e#$lan t+s a$$earance as s'$l"
$reco&nt2eas a $ct)re fro' t+e f)t)re '$ressed n so'e )n3no8n 8a"
)$on t+e $erc$ent5s nner 2son. 6e s+all later on enco)nter certan cases
8+c+ 'a" dr2e )s to t+s e#tre'e +"$ot+ess. B)t t see's +ere s'$ler to
ass)'e t+at t+e )n+a$$" 'an 8as alread" 'a&nn& +s $l)n&e nto t+e
la3e 8+en /rs. /c%l$ne 2sted t+e s+ore1 and t+at +s ntense t+o)&+t
effected a selfC$roDecton1 consco)s or )nconsco)s1 of so'e ele'ent of +s
ben&. I 'a" refer to a s'lar case fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $.
?<*1 8+ere a &rl1 8+o s cor$oreall" $resent n a certan dra8n&Croo'1 s
seen $+antas'all" n a ne&+bo)rn& &ro2e1 8+t+er s+e +erself $resentl"
&oes and +an&s +erself.
+i,HMH-
',3 . T+ese $ondern&s on $roDected s)cde for' $er+a$s t+e stron&est
nstance of 'ental $reocc)$aton 8t+ a $artc)lar s$ot. B)t of co)rse1 n
o)r &norance of t+e $recse E)alt" of t+o)&+t or e'oton needed to $ro'$t
a $s"c+cal e#c)rson1 8e need not be s)r$rsed to fnd s)c+ an e#c)rson
obser2ed on so'e occasons as tr2al as t+e arr2alCcase9 of Col. Reed1
8t+ 8+c+ I $refaced t+e 'ere $s"c+orr+a&c cases.
T+e e2dental 2al)e of t+at case de$ended on t+e '$robablt" of t+e
costume/ snce no concdence 8as n2ol2ed n t+e 'ere fact of t+e
Colonel5s entern& t+e barrac3s. I no8 &o on to so'e cases 8+ere a 'an5s
co'n& s )ne#$ected1 so t+at t+ere s a real concdence n t+e fact t+at +s
$+anto' s seen n t+e $lace to 8+c+ +e s &on&1 s+ortl" before +e arr2es
t+ere n fles+ and blood. I E)ote a case fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving. T+e
nfor'ant1 a b)tler na'ed 7a'es Carroll1 8as $ersonall" 3no8n to Ed')nd
G)rne"1 and +as +ad anot+er $s"c+cal e#$erence1 not 2s)ala feeln& of
e#tre'e e#+a)ston and sadness1 co)$led 8t+ t+e dea of +s t8nCbrot+er1
on t+e frst da" of +s dstant t8nCbrot+er5s fatal llnessG and a&an D)st
before t+e rece$t of a tele&ra' s)''onn& +' to t+e deat+bed. It s an
nterestn& obser2aton based b" G)rne" on +s anal"ss of relatons+$s n
tele$at+c cases1 t+at t+e ln3 of t#inship see's 'ar3edl" to facltate t+s
3nd of co'')ncaton.
*
4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. @BJ
September *AA<.
In t+e a)t)'n of *A==1 8+le at (+olebroo3 Lod&e1 To8cester1
!ort+a'$tons+re1 one n&+t1 at a lttle after ten o5cloc31 I re'e'ber I 8as
abo)t to 'o2e a la'$ n '" roo' to a $oston 8+ere I )s)all" sat a lttle
8+le before retrn& to bed1 8+en I s)ddenl" sa8 a 2son of '" brot+er. It
see'ed to affect 'e l3e a 'ld s+oc3 of electrct". It s)r$rsed 'e so t+at I
+estated to carr" o)t 8+at I +ad ntended1 '" e"es re'ann& f#ed on t+e
a$$arton of '" brot+er. It &rad)all" dsa$$eared1 lea2n& 'e 8ondern&
8+at t 'eant. I a' $ost2e no l&+t or reflecton dece2ed 'e. I +ad not
been slee$n& or r)bbn& '" e"es. I 8as a&an n t+e act of 'o2n& '" la'$
8+en I +eard ta$s alon& t+e 8ndo8. I loo3ed to8ards tt+e 8ndo8 8as
on t+e &ro)ndCfloorand +eard a 2oce1 '" brot+er5s1 sa"1 It5s I1 don5t be
fr&+tened.9 I let +' nG +e re'ar3ed1 -o8 cool "o) areZ I t+o)&+t I
s+o)ld +a2e fr&+tened "o).9
T+e fact 8as1 t+at t+e dstnct 2son of '" brot+er +ad E)te $re$ared
'e for +s call. -e fo)nd t+e 8ndo8 b" accdent1 as +e +ad ne2er been to
t+e +o)se beforeG to )se +s o8n 8ords1 I t+o)&+t t 8as "o)r 8ndo81 and
t+at I s+o)ld fnd "o).9 -e +ad )ne#$ectedl" left London to $a" 'e a 2st1
and 8+en near t+e +o)se lost +s 8a"1 and +ad fo)nd +s 8a" n t+e dar3 to
t+e bac3 of t+e $lace.
In re$l" to nE)res1 /r. Carroll sa"sJ
Yo) are E)te r&+t n s)$$osn& t+e +all)cnaton of '" brot+er to be
t+e onl" nstance n '" e#$erence.
+i,HMI-
In anot+er letter1 /r. Carroll sa"sJ
%s to t+e a$$arton of '" brot+er n !ort+a'$tons+re1 at a $lace and
8ndo8 8+ere +e +ad ne2er before beenI t+n3 I sad t+e roo' 8as 2er"
l&+t ndeed1 t+e n&+t 2er" dar3. E2en +ad I loo3ed o)t of t+e 8ndo8 I
co)ld not +a2e seen +'. 6t+ '" +ead t)rned fro' t+e 8ndo81 I dstnctl"
sa8 +s face. I 8as affected and s)r$rsed. It see'ed l3e a sl&+t s+oc3 of
electrct". I +ad not reco2ered fro' t+e effects 8+en t+e second s)r$rse
ca'e1 t+e realt"'" brot+er. I dd not 'enton t+e s)bDect to +' t+en1
ben& rat+er flattered at +s astons+'ent at '" cool de'eano)r. T+e
coolness 8as ca)sed b" t+e a$$arton frst of +'. T+e 8ndo8 '" brot+er
ca'e to 8as at t+e bac3 of t+e +o)se. -e fo)nd '" 8ndo8 o)t onl" b"
accdent1 or1 as +e sad1 +e t+o)&+t t 8as '" 8ndo8.
On t+s case G)rne" notesJ
/r. Carroll s a clearC+eaded and caref)l 8tness. -e s E)te $ost2e as
to t+s ben& +s onl" e#$erence of a +all)cnaton. In con2ersaton1 +e
stated t+at t+ere 8ere no 'rrors n t+e roo'1 and t+at t+e f&)re 8as seen
not n t+e drecton of t+e 8ndo8. -e t+n3s t+at t+e nter2al bet8een t+e
+all)cnaton and +s brot+er5s a$$earance 8as abo)t a 'n)te.
',+ . I &2e n ',+ A a stran&e case1 8+c+ co'es to )s on &ood
a)t+ort"1 8+ere 8e ')st s)$$ose one 'an5s s)bl'nal '$)lse to +a2e
created a $ct)re of +'self1 +s 8fe1 a carra&e and a +orse1 $ersstent
eno)&+ to +a2e been 8atc+ed for so'e seconds at least b" t+ree obser2ers
n one $lace1 and b" a fo)rt+ and nde$endent obser2er at anot+er $ont n
t+e 'o2n& $ct)re5s career. T+e onl" alternat2e1 f t+e narrat2e be
acce$ted as s)bstantall" tr)e1 8ll be t+e +"$ot+ess before all)ded to of t+e
flas+n& of an '$endn& scene1 as n cr"stalC2son1 fro' so'e so)rce
e#ternal to an" of t+e +)'an 'nds concerned. I need +ardl" at t+s $ont
re$eat t+at n '" 2e8 t+e 8fe and t+e +orse 8ll be as $)rel" a $art of t+e
'an5s conce$ton of +s o8n as$ect or en2ron'ent as t+e coat on +s bac3.
I add n ',+ B1 for $)r$oses of co'$arson1 one of t+e 'ost bNarre
cases n o)r collecton. 4o)r credble $ersons1 to so'e e#tent nde$endentl"1
see a carra&e and $ar1 8t+ t8o 'en on t+e bo# and an nsde occ)$ant1
)nder crc)'stances 8+c+ 'a3e t '$ossble t+at t+e carra&e 8as real.
!o8 t+s 2son cannot +a2e been precognitive/ not+n& of t+e 3nd
occ)rred for "ears after t1 nor 8ell coud occ)rG and I a' forced to re&ard t
as t+e e#ternalsaton of so'e drea'1 8+et+er of an ncarnate or of a
dscarnate 'nd. T+e $arallel bet8een t+s 'dn&+t dr2e near t+e /ora"
4rt+1 and t+e 'dCda" dr2e on t+e !orfol3 4ens1 cted n t+e $re2o)s
%$$end#1 tends t+erefore to s+o8 t+at t+at !orfol3 dr2e1 n s$te of t+e
$ara$+ernala of 8fe1 +orse1 and do&Ccart1 'a" +a2e been t+e o)tco'e of a
sn&le 8a3n& drea'Gof t+e $+antas'o&enetc dssocaton of ele'ents of
one sole $ersonalt".
',, . I 8ll add +ere1 stll follo8n& &hantasms o$ the .iving (2ol. . $.
*>>)1 a case of auditory nt'aton of an arr2al.
+i,HMJ-
T+e acco)nt co'es fro' /r. 7. (te2enson1 of .A Pros$ect (treet1
Gates+ead.
Apri .>th, *AA?.
,)rn& t+e 'ont+s of /a" and 7)ne *AA*1 '" brot+er 8as sta"n& 8t+
)s. -e 8ent o)t one ()nda" n&+t bet8een ? and B o5cloc3. -e dd not sa"
8+at t'e +e 8o)ld ret)rn1 b)t +s t'e 8as &enerall" abo)t *> P./. %bo)t =
o5cloc31 8+le I 8as readn& b" t+e 8ndo81 and /rs. (te2enson b" t+e fre1
all ben& E)et1 I +eard a 2oce sa" *avid is coming. I nstantl" t)rned to
/rs. (.1 as3n& 8+at s+e sad. (+e sad1 I +a2e not s$o3en a 8ord.9 I told
+er t+at I +eard so'e one sa" t+at ,a2d s co'n&.9 I t+en t+o)&+t I +ad
'a&ned t1 b)t1 lo and be+oldZ n less t+an ; 'n)tes1 n +e co'es1 E)te
)ne#$ected. I 8as s)r$rsed1 b)t dd not 'enton an"t+n& to +' abo)t t.
T+e $oston of t+e +o)se $re2ented )s fro' seen& +' )ntl D)st abo)t to
enter t+e +o)se. -e 8as n &ood +ealt+1 as 8e all 8ere at t+e t'e. T+s s a
candd state'ent of t+e facts.
7O(. (TEVE!(O!.
In ans8er to an nE)r"1 /r. (te2enson addsJ
T+s 8as t+e sole e#$erence I +a2e +ad of t+e 3nd. I +a2e ne2er
e#$erenced an" +all)cnaton.
/rs. (te2enson corroborates as follo8sJ
In reference to '" +)sband5s letter of %$rl .>t+1 I +a2e $leas)re n
testf"n& to t+e acc)rac" of +s acco)nt1 and of +s dra8n& '" attenton to
t+e fact at t+e t'e 'entoned.
(ERE!% (TEVE!(O!.
I need +ardl" re$eat t+at '" +"$ot+ess of a real 'odfcaton of a $art
of s$ace1 transfor'n& t nto a $+antas'o&enetc centre1 a$$les to a
$+antas'al 2oce D)st as 8ell as to a $+antas'al f&)re. T+e 2oce s not
+eard aco)stcall" an" 'ore t+an t+e f&)re s seen o$tcall". Yet a
$+antas'al 2oce 'a" n a tr)e sense co'e fro'9 a &2en s$ot. In s)c+ a
case as t+e abo2e1 +o8e2er1 8+ere t s onl" +eard b" one $erson1 t s
s'$ler to s)$$ose t+at t+e a)dtor" tract of t+e $erc$ent5s bran 8as t+e
onl" $orton of s$ace affected. % case of a s'lar 3nd s &2en n ',, A.
',' . I add anot+er arr2alCcase9 n ',' A . B)t before lea2n& t+e
s)bDect I ')st re'nd t+e reader t+at a'on& telFst+etc cases 8e +a2e
alread" enco)ntered so'e 8+ere a $erc$ent see'ed to +a2e beco'e a8are
of t+e contents of a letter 8+en t +ad reac+ed +s 2cnt" (see t+e cases of
(r L. 7ones and Professor %le#ander n +(1 H and - )1 and anot+er nstance
of t+s1 related b" ,r. O. 6. -ol'es1 s E)oted n ',' B .
It s of co)rse $ossble t+at n t+e sa'e 8a" t+e $erc$ent 'a" beco'e
a8are of t+e contents of anot+er mind 8+en t co'es nto ts 2cnt"G so t+at
t+e nt'atons of nearness abo2e dsc)ssed 'a" so'et'es +a2e been
&at+ered b" t+e $erc$ent s$rt alone. In et+er case t+e ln3 of s$atal
nearness stll $erssts. T+at ln3 ndeed see's 'ore drectl" o$erat2e n
cases of telFst+esa t+an n cases of tele$at+". 6+en a tele$at+c 'essa&e s
trans'tted fro' one $erson to +s ne&+bo)r n. +i,HMK- s$ace1 one 'a"
sa"1 as Ed')nd G)rne" dd1 t+at t8o 'nds loo3n& on t+e sa'e scene +a2e
')c+ of t+er content n co''onJ so t+at a $s"c+cal bond s t+)s
establs+ed. B)t f t+e contents of a letter beco'e 3no8n 8+en t s close at
+and1 t+en1 )nless 8e ass)'e t+at t+e #riter s t+n3n& of ts arr2al (8+c+
8o)ld n se2eral of o)r cases be a 2er" farfetc+ed s)$$oston)1 t see's t+at
t+e clar2o"ant $erce$ton ')st +a2e been $ro'$ted or facltated b" t+e
'ere cont&)t". T+s s of co)rse b" no 'eans t+e sa'e t+n& as to s)$$ose
t+at t+ere s an" la8 of dstances9 &o2ernn& t+e tele$at+c 'essa&e.
It s 'ore l3e a dfference n faclt" of rece$ton t+an n faclt" of
actonas t+o)&+ trfles attracted t+e clar2o"ant5s notce 'ore readl"
8+en t+e" +a$$ened to be close at +and.
',* . T+e cases 8+c+ I +a2e latel" been reco)ntn& can be called
telFst+etc onl" b" co)rtes". T+ere +as been a $s"c+cal e#c)rson1 8t+ ts
$ossbltes of clar2o"anceG b)t t+e e#c)rs2e ele'ent +as not bro)&+t
+o'e an" ass&nable 3no8led&e to t+e s)$ral'nal $ersonalt". I &o on
no8 to cases 8+ere s)c+ 3no8led&e has t+)s been &arnered. B)t +ere t+ere
s need of so'e f)rt+er $a)se1 to consder a lttle n +o8 'an" 8a"s 8e can
'a&ne t+at 3no8led&e to be reac+ed.
4rstl"1 t+e dstant 3no8led&e 'a"1 t 8o)ld see'1 be reac+ed t+ro)&+
+"$erFst+esa1an e#tended $o8er of t+e ordnar" senses. (econdl"1 t
so'et'es see's to co'e t+ro)&+ cr"stalC&aNn& or ts correlat2e s+ellC
+earn&1artfces 8+c+ see' to )tlse t+e ordnar" senses n a ne8 8a".
%nd besdes t+ese t8o a2en)es to dstant 3no8led&e t+ere s a third, t+e
tele$at+c a2en)e1 8+c+1 as 8e +a2e alread" s)r'sed1 so'et'es s+ades
off nto t+e $)rel" telFst+etcG 8+en no dstant mind, b)t onl" t+e dstant
scene, see's to be attractn& t+e e#c)rs2e s$rt. %nd n t+e $ourth $lace 8e
')st re'e'ber t+at t s 'anl" n t+e for' of dream or vision t+at t+e 'ost
str3n& nstances of telFst+esa 8+c+ I +a2e as "et recorded +a2e co'e.
Can 8e n an" 8a" +ar'onse t+ese 2aro)s 'odes of $erce$tonW Can 8e
dsco2er an" condton of t+e $erc$ent 8+c+ s co''on to allW
To a certan l'ted e#tent s)c+ coCordnaton s $ossble. In eac+
a$$roac+ to telFst+esa n t)rn 8e fnd a tendenc" to so'et+n& l3e a
drea'Ce#c)rson. -"$erFst+esa1 n t+e frst $lace1 alt+o)&+ t e#sts
so'et'es n $ersons 8de a8a3e1 s c+aracterstcall" an attrb)te of slee$C
8a3n& states.
6e +a2e seen n dsc)ssn& +"$notc e#$er'ents t+at t s so'et'es
$ossble to e#tend t+e s)bDect5s $erce$t2e fac)lt" b" &rad)al s)&&eston1 so
far as to transfor' a +"$erFst+esa 8+c+ can stll be referred to t+e acton
of t+e senseCor&ans nto a telFst+esa 8+c+ cannot be so referred. It s
obser2able t+at $erc$ents n s)c+ cases so'et'es descrbe t+er sensaton
as t+at of rece2n& an '$resson1 or seen& a $ct)re $laced before t+e'G
so'et'es as t+at of traveing and 2stn& t+e dstant scene or $erson. Or
t+e feeln& 'a" oscllate bet8een t+ese t8o sensatons1 +i,HML- D)st as t+e
sense of time,reation n t+e $ct)re s+o8n 'a" oscllate bet8een $ast1
$resent1 and f)t)re.
To all t+ese co'$le# sensatons t+e $+eno'ena of cr"stalC&aNn& offer
close analo&es. I +a2e alread" re'ar3ed on t+e c)ro)s fact t+at t+e s'$le
artfce of &aNn& nto a s$ec)l)' s+o)ld $ro2e t+e a2en)e to $+eno'ena of
s)c+ 2aro)s t"$es. T+ere 'a" be 2er" dfferent or&ns e2en for $ct)res
8+c+ n t+e cr"stal $resent 2er" s'lar as$ectsG and certan sensatons do
also acco'$an" t+ese $ct)resG sensatons not 'erel" of ga3ing b)t
so'et'es (t+o)&+ rarel") of $artal trance/ and oftener of biocationGof
$s"c+cal presence a'on& t+e scenes 8+c+ t+e cr"stal +as ndeed ntated1
b)t no lon&er see's to l't or to contan.
',) . T+e dea of $s"c+cal e#c)rson t+)s s)&&ested ')st1 +o8e2er1 be
so'e+o8 reconcled 8t+ t+e freE)entl" symboic c+aracter of t+ese 2sons.
T+e feat)res of a cr"stalC2son see' often to be no 'ere transcr$ton of
'ateral facts1 b)t an abbre2ated selecton fro' s)c+ facts1 or e2en a bold
'odfcaton of s)c+ facts 8t+ a 2e8 of telln& so'e stor" 'ore E)c3l"
and clearl". 6e are fa'lar 8t+ t+e sa'e 3nd of s)ccesson of s"'bolcal
scenes n drea'1 or n 8a3n& re2ere. %nd of co)rse f an ntell&ence
o)tsde t+e cr"stalC&aNer5s 'nd s endea2o)rn& to '$ress +'1 t+s '&+t
8ell be t+e c+osen 8a".
%nd 'oreo2er t+ro)&+ all telFst+etc 2son so'e ele'ent of s'lar
c+aracter s 8ont to r)nso'e ndcaton t+at mind +as been at 8or3 )$on
t+e $ct)ret+at t+e scene +as not been $resented1 so to sa"1 n cr)de
obDect2t"1 b)t t+at t+ere +as been so'e choice as to t+e detals dscernedG
and so'e symboism n t+e 8a" n 8+c+ t+e" are $resented.
Let )s consder +o8 t+ese c+aracterstcs affect dfferent t+eores of t+e
'ec+ans' of clar2o"ance. Let )s s)$$ose frst t+at t+ere s so'e 3nd of
transton fro' +"$erFst+esa to telFst+esa1 so t+at 8+en $er$+eral
sensaton s no lon&er $ossble1 central $erce$ton 'a" be stll o$eratn&
across obstacles ot+er8se ns)r'o)ntable.
If t+s be t+e case1 t see's l3el" t+at central $erce$ton 8ll s+a$e tself
on t+e t"$es of $erce$ton to 8+c+ t+e central tracts of t+e bran are
acc)sto'edG and t+at t+e connaissance sup;rieure, t+e telFst+etc
3no8led&e1 +o8e2er t 'a" reall" be acE)red1 8ll $resent tself 'anl" as
clar2o"ance or clara)denceas so'e for' of s&+t or so)nd. Yet t+ese
telFst+etc s&+ts and so)nds 'a" be e#$ected to s+o8 so'e trace of t+er
)n)s)al or&n. T+e" 'a"1 for nstance1 be imper$ecty co,ordinated 8t+
s&+ts and so)nds arr2n& t+ro)&+ e#ternal c+annelsG and1 snce t+e" ')st
n so'e 8a" be a translaton of s)$ernor'al '$ressons nto sensor" ter's1
t+e" are l3el" to s+o8 so'et+n& symboic n c+aracter.
I ta3e as an ll)straton certan e#$er'entscaref)ll" 'ade n t+er da"
8+c+ 8ere re$orted n t+e Soist, and so'e of 8+c+ are E)oted n ,*3 E.
/ottoes $rnted on folded scra$s of $a$er1 nsde n)ts bo)&+t b" t+e
e#$er'enters1 8ere read b" t+e 'es'ersed clar2o"ant. B)t s+e sa8 t+ese
folded sl$s of $a$er as t+o)&+ stretc+ed o)t stra&+tG and +i,HMM- once or
t8ce s+e &a2e t+e &eneral $)r$ort of t+e 'otto1 not t+e e#act 8ords. T+ere
8as 8ant of coCordnaton 8t+ o$tcal s&+t1 and t+ere 8as s"'bols'a
retranslaton of t+o)&+ts nto 8ordscertan 8ords ben& re$orted to t+e
s)$ral'nal self 8+c+ 8ere not identica, b)t synonymous 8t+ t+e act)al
8ords on t+e sl$.
',9 . T+s tendenc" to s)bl'nal s"'bols'1 ndeed1 +as 'et )s at eac+
$ont of o)r nE)r". %s an nstance of t n ts s'$lest for'1 I 'a" 'enton
a case 8+ere a botancal st)dent $assn& nattent2el" n front of t+e &lass
door of a resta)rant t+o)&+t t+at +e +ad seen Cerbascum Thapsus $rnted
t+ereon. T+e real 8ord 8as )ouion/ and t+at +a$$ens to be t+e tr2al na'e
n 4renc+ for t+e $lant Verbasc)' T+a$s)s. T+e act)al o$tcal $erce$ton
+ad t+)s been s)bl'nall" transfor'edG t+e 8ords Verbasc)' T+a$s)s
8ere t+e re$ort sent )$ to t+e nattent2e s)$ral'nal self b" a s)bl'nal
self 'ore nterested n botan" t+an n dnner.
!a"1 8e 3no8 t+at o)r o8n o$tcal $erce$ton s n ts o8n 8a" +&+l"
s"'bolc. T+e scene 8+c+ t+e bab" sees nstnct2el"18+c+ t+e
'$ressonst $anter 'ana&es to see b" a sort of delberate selfC
s'$lfcaton1s 2er" dfferent fro' t+e +&+l" elaborate nter$retaton
and selecton of blotc+es of colo)r b" 8+c+ t+e ordnar" ad)lt f&)res to
+'self t+e 2sble 8orld.
!o8 8e ad)lts stand to8ards t+s s)bl'nal s"'bols' n ')c+ t+e
sa'e attt)de as t+e bab" stands to8ards o)r ed)cated o$tcal s"'bols'.
7)st as t+e bab" fals to &ras$ t+e t+rd d'enson1 so 'a" 8e stll be faln&
to &ras$ a fo)rt+Gor 8+ate2er be t+e la8 of t+at +&+er co&nsance 8+c+
be&ns to re$ort fra&'entarl" to 'an t+at 8+c+ +s ordnar" senses cannot
dscern.
%ss)redl" t+en 8e ')st not ta3e t+e fact t+at an" 3no8led&e co'es to
)s s"'bolcall" as a $roof t+at t co'es to )s fro' a 'nd o)tsde o)r o8n.
T+e s"'bols' 'a" be t+e ne2table lan&)a&e n 8+c+ one strat)' of o)r
$ersonalt" 'a3es ts re$ort to anot+er. T+e s"'bols'1 n s+ort1 'a" be
et+er t+e easest1 or t+e onl" $ossble $s"c+cal record of act)al obDect2e
factG 8+et+er t+at fact be n t+e frst nstance dscerned b" o)r dee$er sel2es1
or be con2e"ed to )s fro' ot+er 'nds n t+s for'G elaborated for o)r
'nd5s d&eston1 as an'al food +as been elaborated for o)r bod"5s
d&eston1 fro' a $r't2e cr)dt" of t+n&s.
B)t a&an one ')st E)eston1 on &eneral dealstc $rnc$les1 8+et+er
t+ere be n s)c+ cases an" real dstncton bet8een s"'bols' and realt"1
bet8een s)bDect2e and obDect2e as 8e co''onl" )se t+ose ter's. T+e
resstn& 'atter 8+c+ 8e see and to)c+ +as sold9 realt" for 'nds so
constt)ted as to +a2e t+e sa'e s)bDect2e feeln& a8a3ened b" t. B)t to
ot+er 'nds1 endo8ed 8t+ ot+er for's of sensblt"'nds $ossbl" bot+
+&+er and 'ore n)'ero)s t+an o)r o8nt+s sold 'atter 'a" see'
ds$)table and )nreal1 8+le t+o)&+t and e'oton1 $erce2ed n 8a"s
)n3no8n to )s1 'a" be t+e onl" realt".
+i,HMN-
T+s 'ateral 8orld constt)tes1 n fact1 a $r2le&ed case9a
s'$lfed e#a'$lea'on& all dscernble 8orlds1 so far as t+e $erce$ton
of ncarnate s$rts s concerned. 4or dscarnate s$rts t s no lon&er a
$r2le&ed caseG to them t s a$$arentl" easer to dscern t+o)&+ts and
e'otons b" nonC'ateral s&ns.
*
B)t t+e" need not t+erefore be 8+oll" c)t
off fro' dscernn& 'ateral t+n&s1 an" 'ore t+an ncarnate s$rts are
8+oll" c)t off fro' dscernn& ''ateral t+n&st+o)&+ts and e'otons
s"'bolsed n $+antas'al for'. Ver" $ossbl" t+e s$rt +as t+e sa'e 3nd
of ad2anta&e t+at t+e seaC&)ll +as o2er t+e 'ac3erelGt+e brd can see t+e
fs+ better t+an t+e fs+ can see t+e brd. Certan +ndrances to clear 2son
(as refracton) 'a" affect brd and fs+ al3eG certan ot+er +ndrances (as
$oston of e"es and denst" of 8ater) 'a" be 8orse for t+e fs+ t+an for t+e
brdG 8+le ot+ers a&an (as ncdence of s)nl&+t on r$$le) 'a" baffle t+e
brd n 8a"s of 8+c+ t+e fs+ can for' no dea.
T+e &+ost n 'an1 t+e &+ost t+at once 8as 'an19 to )se Tenn"son5s
8ords1 +a2e eac+ of t+e' &ot to o2erco'e b" e'$rcal artfces certan
dffc)ltes 8+c+ are of dfferent t"$e for eac+1 b)t are not ns)r'o)ntable
b" et+er.
''0 . T+ese reflectons1 a$$lcable at 2aro)s $onts n o)r ar&)'ent1
+a2e see'ed s$ecall" needed 8+en 8e +ad frst to attac3 t+e 'eann& of
t+e soCcalled tra2elln& clar2o"ance19 of 8+c+ nstances 8ere &2en n t+e
c+a$ter on +"$nots'. It 8as needf)l to consder +o8 far t+ere 8as a
contn)o)s transton bet8een t+ese e#c)rsons and drecter transferences
bet8een 'nd and 'nd1bet8een telFst+esa and tele$at+". It no8 see's
to 'e t+at s)c+ a contn)o)s transton 'a" 8ell e#st1 and t+at t+ere s no
absol)te &)lf bet8een t+e s)$ernor'al $erce$ton of deas as e#stn& n
ot+er 'nds1 and t+e s)$ernor'al $erce$ton of 8+at 8e 3no8 as 'atter.
%ll 'atter 'a"1 for a)&+t 8e 3no81 e#st as an dea n so'e cos'c 'nd1
8t+ 8+c+ 'nd eac+ nd2d)al s$rt 'a" be n relaton1 as f)ll" as 8t+
nd2d)al 'nds. T+e dfference $er+a$s les rat+er n t+e fact t+at t+ere
'a" be &enerall" a summons fro' a co&nate 'nd 8+c+ starts t+e soCcalled
a&ent5s 'nd nto actonG +s n2ason 'a" be n so'e 8a" invited/ 8+le a
s$rt)al e#c)rson a'on& nan'ate obDects onl" 'a" often lac3 an '$)lse
to start t. If t+s be so1 t 8o)ld e#$lan t+e fact t+at s)c+ e#c)rsons +a2e
'anl" s)cceeded )nder t+e nfl)ence of +"$notc s)&&eston.
Loo3n& bac3 to t+ose records of tra2elln& clar2o"ance alread" cted n
t+e %$$endces to sectons ,*( and ,*3 (/r. ,obbe1 ,r. 4.1 ,r. Bac3'an1
,r. 4a+nestoc31 &c.) 8e s+all see n t+e'1 D)st as 8e sa8 n t+e cr"stalC
2sons1 a 3nd of f)son of all o)r for's of s)$ernor'al fac)lt". T+ere 8as
tele$at+"1 telFst+esa1 retroco&nton1 $reco&ntonG and n t+e cases
re$orted b" Ca+a&net1 8+c+ 8ll be referred to n C+a$ter I0.1 t+ere 8as
a$$arentl" so'et+n& 'ore besdes. 6e see1 n +i,HMO- s+ort1 as 8e sa8
8t+ t+e cr"stalC2sons1 t+at an" e'$rcal nlet nto t+e 'etet+eral 8orld s
a$t to s+o8 )s t+ose $o8ers1 8+c+ 8e tr" to dstn&)s+1 coCe#stn& n
so'e s"nt+ess b" )s nco'$re+ensble. -ere1 t+erefore1 D)st as 8t+ t+e
cr"stalC2sons1 8e +a2e artfcall" to se$arate o)t t+e s$ecal class of
$+eno'ena 8t+ 8+c+ 8e 8s+ frst to deal.
In t+ese e#$er'ents1 t+en1 t+ere see's to be an nde$endent $o8er of
2stn& al'ost an" desred $lace1 ts $oston +a2n& been $er+a$s frst
e#$laned b" reference to so'e land'ar3 alread" 3no8n. T+e clar2o"ante
(I )se t+e fe'ale 8ord1 b)t n se2eral cases a 'an or bo" +as s+o8n t+s
$o8er) 8ll freE)entl" 'ss +er 8a"1 and descrbe +o)ses or scenes adDacent
to t+ose desred. T+en f s+e al'ost lterall" &ets on t+e scent1f s+e fnds
so'e $lace 8+c+ t+e 'an 8+o' s+e s sent to see3 +as so'e t'e
tra2ersed1s+e follo8s )$ +s trac3 8t+ &reater ease1 a$$arentl"
reco&nsn& $ast e2ents n +s lfe as 8ell as $resent crc)'stances. T+e
$rocess often re'nds one of t+e do& 8+o1 f let loose far fro' +o'e1 8ll
fnd +s 8a" +o'e8ards 2a&)el" at frst1 and )sn& 8e do not E)te 3no8
8+at nstnctG t+en f +e once &ets on t+e scent 8ll +old t easl" across
')c+ of conf)son and obstacle.
In t+ese $rolon&ed e#$er'ental cases t+ere s t+)s t'e eno)&+ to allo8
of t+e clar2o"ante5s tra2ersn& certan $laces1 s)c+ as e'$t" roo's1
factores1 and t+e l3e1 8+t+er no ass&nable ln3 fro' an" l2n& $erson
co)ld dra8 +er. T+e e2dence to $ro2e telFst+esa1 )n'#ed 8t+ tele$at+"1
+as t+)s &enerall" co'e incidentay n t+e co)rse of so'e e#$er'ent
'anl" tele$at+c n c+aracter.
''1 . T+ese lon& clar2o"ant 8andern&s are 'ore nearl" $aralleled b"
dreams t+an b" 8a3n& +all)cnatons. %nd a'on& drea's (cted n C+a$ter
IV.) 8e +a2e alread" seen so'e cases ')c+ rese'bln&1 for nstance1
7ane5s9 e#$erences (,r. 4.5s case n ,*3 B ). (ee also n C+a$ter IV. t8o
drea's1 n one of 8+c+ (/r. 6atts5 case1 +(1 B ) t+e drea'er 2sts a
&arden scene 8t+ no occ)$antG n t+e ot+er (/ss L)3e5s case1 +(1 G ) a
roo' 8+c+ +as been ds'antled b" t+e2es. T+e frst case de$ends on a
sn&le state'ent1 b)t fro' an nfor'ant 8+o' 8e bele2e to be tr)st8ort+".
T+e second ncdent s 8ell a)t+entcated1 and f ts telFst+etc s&nfcance
s attac3ed1 t+at ')st be b" ascrbn& t+e concdence to c+ance alone. On
t+s occason t+e t+e2es ')st1 no do)bt1 +a2e been ea&erl" e#cted o2er
t+er s)ccessf)l t+efts. It s $ossble t+at t+s foc)s of e#cte'ent 8as a
contrb)tor" ca)se of /ss L)3e5s drea'Gn so'e 8a" dre8 +er e#c)rs2e
s$rt to t+e scene of t+e loss.
-ere a&an s a case essentall" $arallel1 8+ere a $+"scan s '$ressed1
$robabl" n drea'1 8t+ a $ct)re of a s$ecal $lace n a street1 8+ere
so'et+n& s +a$$enn&1 8+c+1 t+o)&+ n tself )ne'otonal'erel" t+at a
'an s standn& and tal3n& n t+e streets of 'o'ent to t+e $+"scan1
8+o 8ants to &et )nobtr)s2el" nto t+e 'an5s +o)se.
4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .B=. T+e case s t+ere +i,HNP-
descrbed as co'n& fro' a 4ello8 of t+e Colle&e of P+"scans1 8+o fears
$rofessonal nD)r" f +e 8ere Hs)$$osed to defend o$nons at 2arance 8t+
&eneral scentfc belef1I and does not t+erefore allo8 +s na'e to a$$ear.
-e s candd eno)&+ to ad't t+at f e2er" one ar&)ed as +e does1 H$ro&ress
8o)ld be '$ossble.I9
2ay .>th, *AA<.
T8ent" "ears a&o LabroadM I +ad a $atent1 8fe of a $arson. (+e +ad a
$ec)lar 3nd of delr)' 8+c+ dd not belon& to +er dsease1 and $er$le#ed
'e. T+e +o)se n 8+c+ s+e l2ed 8as closed at 'dn&+t1 t+at st+e o)ter
door +ad no bell. One n&+t I sa8 +er at nne. 6+en I ca'e +o'e I sad to
'" 8fe1 I don5t )nderstand t+at caseG I 8s+ I co)ld &et nto t+e +o)se
late.9 6e 8ent to bed rat+er earl". %t abo)t one o5cloc3 I &ot )$. (+e sad1
6+at are "o) abo)tW are "o) not 8ellW9 I sad1 Perfectl" so.9 T+en 8+"
&et )$W9 Beca)se I can &et nto t+at +o)se.9 -o81 f t s s+)t )$W9 I see
t+e $ro$retor standn& )nder t+e la'$C$ost t+s sde of t+e brd&e1 8t+
anot+er 'an.9 Yo) +a2e been drea'n&.9 !o1 I +a2e been 8de a8a3eG
b)t drea'n& or 8a3n&1 I 'ean to tr".9 I started 8t+ t+e fr' con2cton
t+at I s+o)ld fnd t+e nd2d)al n E)eston. ()re eno)&+ t+ere +e 8as )nder
t+e la'$C$ost1 tal3n& to a frend. I as3ed +' f +e 8as &on& +o'e. (I
3ne8 +' 2er" 8ell.) -e sad +e 8as1 so I told +' I 8as &on& to see a
$atent1 and 8o)ld acco'$an" +'. I 8as $ost2el" as+a'ed to e#$lan
'attersG t see'ed so abs)rd t+at I 3ne8 +e 8o)ld not bele2e 'e. On
arr2n& at t+e +o)se I sad1 !o8 I a' +ere1 I 8ll dro$ n and see '"
$atent.9 On entern& t+e roo' I fo)nd t+e 'ad &2n& +er a t)'bler of
stron& &ro&. T+e case 8as clearG t 8as as I s)s$ecteddelr)' fro' drn3.
T+e ne#t da" I delcatel" s$o3e to t+e +)sband abo)t t. -e dened t1 and n
t+e afternoon I rece2ed a note reE)estn& 'e not to re$eat t+e 2sts. T+ree
8ee3s a&o I 8as reco)ntn& t+e stor" and 'entoned t+e na'e. % lad"
$resent sadJ T+at s t+e na'e of t+e cler&"'an n '" $ars+1 at B.1 and +s
8fe s n a l)natc as"l)' fro' drn3Z9
In con2ersaton 8t+ G)rne"1 t+e narrator e#$laned t+at t+e 2son
t+o)&+ &2n& an '$resson of e#ternalt" and seen1 as +e bele2es1 8t+
o$en e"es8as not defnabl" located n s$ace. -e +ad ne2er enco)ntered
t+e $ro$retor n t+e s$ot 8+ere +e sa8 +'1 and t 8as not a l3el" t+n&
t+at +e s+o)ld be standn& tal3n& n t+e streets at so late an +o)r.
In t+s case 8e cannot consder et+er t+e dr)n3en $atent or t+e
ndfferent $ro$retor as n an" sense t+e agent. (o'e+o8 or ot+er t+e
$+"scan5s o8n $ersstent 8s+ to &et so'e s)c+ o$$ort)nt" nd)ced a
collaboraton of +s s)bl'nal 8t+ +s s)$ral'nal self1 a3n to t+e
ns$ratons of &en)s. Gen)s1 +o8e2er1 o$erates 8t+n ordnar" sensor"
l'tsG 8+le n t+s $+"scan5s case t+e s)bl'nal self e#ercsed ts
fart+estCreac+n& s)$ernor'al $o8ers.
6t+ t+s a&an 'a" be co'$ared a case n &hantasms o$ the .iving
(2ol. . $. ;BA)1 8+ere a drea'er see's to +'self to be $resent n t+e
T+a'es T)nnel d)rn& a fatal accdent1 8+c+ dd n fact occ)r d)rn& t+at
n&+t. -ere a&an t+e dro8ned 8or3'an8+o 8as E)te )n3no8n +i,HNG-
to t+e dstant drea'ercan +ardl" be called an agentG "et t 'a" +a2e been
t+e e#cte'ent s)rro)ndn& +s deat+ 8+c+ attracted t+e drea'er5s s$rt to
t+at scene1 as a confla&raton '&+t attract a 8a3n& n&+tC8anderer.
''( . T+ere are1 on t+e ot+er +and1 a &ood 'an" cases 8+ere a scene
t+)s dscerned n a flas+ s one of s$ecal nterest to t+e $erc$ent1 alt+o)&+
no one n t+e scene 'a" +a2e act)all" 8s+ed to transfer t to +'.
% case a&an of a so'e8+at dfferent t"$e s t+e s)dden 8a3n& 2son
of /r. Gottsc+al3 (662 B)1 8+o sees n a crcle of l&+t t+e c+al3ed +ands
and r)ffled 8rsts of /r. Co)rtena" T+or$ea 8ellC3no8n actor8+o 8as
o$enn& a letter of /r. Gottsc+al35s n t+at cost)'e at t+e t'e. Tr2al n
tself1 t+s ncdent ll)strates an nterestn& class of cases1 8+ere a $ct)re
2er" ')c+ l3e a cr"stalC2son s)ddenl" a$$ears on a 8all or e2en n t+e ar
8t+ no a$$arent bac3&ro)nd.
I 3no8 one or t8o $ersons 8+o +a2e +ad n t+er l2es one sn&le ro)nd
or o2al +all)cnator" $ct)re of t+s 3nd1 of 8+c+ no nter$retaton 8as
a$$arent1a c)ro)s ndcaton of so'e s)bl'nal $reds$oston to8ards
t+s so'e8+at elaborate for' of 'essa&e.
(o'e8+at l3e /r. Gottsc+al35s $roDecton of +s $ct)re )$on a
bac3&ro)nd of dar3 ar are t8o e#$erences of /r. (earle (662 C6 and of
/rs. Ta)nton (662 D)e#cellent nfor'ants8+c+ I &2e ne#t 8t+ an
'$ortant note of Ed')nd G)rne"5s on t+e occasonal trans$arenc" of t+ese
$+antas'al $ct)res. G)rne" re&ards t+s trans$arenc" as ndcatn&
imper$ect e0ternaisation of t+e +all)cnator" 'a&e.
/" o8n $+rase1 '$erfect co,ordination of nner 8t+ o)t8ard 2son19
co'es to ')c+ t+e sa'e t+n&1 and see's s$ecall" a$$lcable to /rs.
Ta)nton5s 8ordsJ T+e a$$earance 8as not trans$arent or fl'"1 b)t
$erfectl" soldCloo3n&G and yet ( coud someho# see the orchestra, not
through, but behind it9 T+ere are a fe8 cases 8+ere t+e $erc$ent see's to
see a +all)cnator" f&)re behind +'1 o)t of t+e ran&e of o$tcal 2son (see
t+e case of /r. Rearne1 '', A). T+ere s of co)rse no reason 8+" t+s
s+o)ld not be so1e2en f a $art of s$ace e#ternal to t+e $erc$ent5s bran
s+o)ld be act)all" affected.
/r. (earle5s case also s 2er" nterestn&. -ere /rs. (earle fants 8+en
2stn& a +o)se a fe8 'les fro' /r. (earle5s c+a'bers n t+e Te'$le. %t
or abo)t t+e sa'e t'e1 +e sees as t+o)&+ n a loo3n&C&lass1 )$on a 8ndo8
o$$oste +'1 +s 8fe5s +ead and face1 8+te and bloodless.
G)rne" s)&&ests t+at t+s 8as a transference fro' /rs. (earle5s 'nd
s'$l" of t+e idea of fantn&19 8+c+ t+en 8or3ed tself o)t nto
$erce$ton n an a$$ro$rate fas+on.
6as t t+)sW Or dd /r. (earle n t+e Te'$le see 8t+ nner 2son +s
8fe5s +ead as s+e la" bac3 fant and $alld n Glo)cester GardensW +i,HNH-
O)r nearest analo&" +ere s $lanl" cr"stalC2sonG and cr"stalC2sons1 as 8e
+a2e obser2ed1 $ont bot+ 8a"s. (o'et'es t+e $ct)re n t+e cr"stal s
cons$c)o)sl" s"'bolcalG so'et'es t see's a transcr$t of an act)al
dstant scene.
''3 . It s l3el" eno)&+ t+at1 f 8e co)ld reall" )nderstand t+e
'ec+ans' n2ol2ed1 so'e of t+ese E)estons 8o)ld be seen to benot
ndeed 'erel" 2erbalb)t besde t+e $ont. If eac+ of )s s a s"ste' of
forces )nted n nn)'erable 8a"s to ot+er s"ste's of forcesG and f t+ere
co'es a t)& so'e8+erea $ert)rbaton of one of t+ese ln3ed $ersonaltes
t+en t+e res)ltant t+rll (8+et+er of et+er or be"ond et+er) 'a" affect
t+ose ot+er +)'an s"ste's n 8a"s 8+c+ o)r e#$erence cannot +el$ )s to
'a&ne.
I 8ll add +ere t8o cases 8+c+ 8ll ll)strate t8o $roble's 8+c+ occ)r
as 8e deal 8t+ eac+ class of cases n t)rn1t+e $roble' of t'eCrelatons
and t+e $roble' of s$rtCa&enc". Can an ncdent be sad to be seen
clar2o"antl" f t s seen so'e +o)rs after t occ)rredW O)&+t 8e to sa" t+at
a scene s clar2o"antl" 2sted1 or t+at t s s$rt)all" s+o8n1 f t re$resents
a stll c+a'ber of deat+1 8+ere no e'oton s an" lon&er strrn&G b)t to
8+c+ t+e freed s$rt '&+t desre to attract t+e frend5s attenton and
s"'$at+"W T+e frst of t+ese t8o cases a$$eared n a $a$er b" /rs.
(d&8c31 8+ose co''ents I re$rod)ce.
4ro' /rs. (d&8c35s $a$er On t+e E2dence for Clar2o"ance19 n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;.K;?.
/rs. (d&8c3 8rtesJ
I s+all be&n 8t+ cases closel" $arallel to 'an" 8+c+ +a2e been
ncl)ded n &hantasms o$ the .iving as cases of tele$at+c clar2o"ance1 and
n 8+c+ tele$at+" s primF $acie t+e s'$lest e#$lanaton. In t+ese cases t+e
a&ent s clearl" des&nated1 and also +s connecton 8t+ t+e $erc$entG and
t+e e#$erence of t+e s)$$osed a&ent at t+e 'o'ent s &enerall" of a 'ar3ed
and e#ce$tonal c+aracter. /oreo2er1 n 'ost of t+ese cases t+e ntat2e1 or
at least t+e $s"c+cal dst)rbance or '$)lse 8+c+ leads to t+e 2son1 s1 so
far as 8e can see1 entrel" on t+e sde of t+e a&ent1 t+e $erc$ent ben& n an
a$$arentl" nor'al state and not e#$ectn& or see3n& an" 2son.
T+e frst case I s+all &2e co'es to )s t+ro)&+ t+e %'ercan Branc+ of
t+e (ocet". /r. %. B. 6ood 8rtes to /r. 4. %. !'s1 an %ssocate of t+e
%'ercan Branc+1 as follo8sJ
/:(REGO!1 Apri HOth, *A@>.
In co'$lance 8t+ "o)r s)&&eston1 s)$$le'ented b" t+e reE)est of /r.
Rc+ard -od&son1 I so)&+t an nter2e8 8t+ /rs. %&nes PaE)et1 and
obtaned t+e follo8n& nfor'aton re&ardn& +er stran&e e#$erence on t+e
da" of +er brot+er5s deat+. I s)b't t+e $a$ers to "o) feeln& t+at t+e"
s+o)ld &o for8ard 8t+ t+e f)llest and clearest nfor'aton obtanable1 and
bele2n& t+at "o) 'a" s)&&est ot+er E)estons1 t+e ans8ers to 8+c+ 'a"
+a2e '$ortant bearn& on t+e case.
%. B. 6OO,.
Statement o$ Accident.
On October .<t+1 *AA@1 Ed')nd ,)nn1 brot+er of /rs. %&nes PaE)et1
8as ser2n& as fre'an on t+e t)& Do$, a s'all stea'er en&a&ed n to8n&
2essels +i,HNI- n C+ca&o -arbo)r. %t abo)t ; o5cloc3 %./.1 t+e t)&
fastened to a 2essel1 nsde t+e $ers1 to to8 +er )$ t+e r2er. 6+le adD)stn&
t+e to8Clne /r. ,)nn fell or 8as t+ro8n o2erboard b" t+e to8Clne1 and
dro8ned. T+e bod"1 t+o)&+ so)&+t for1 8as not fo)nd )ntl abo)t t+ree
8ee3s after t+e accdent1 8+en t ca'e to t+e s)rface near t+e $lace 8+ere
/r. ,)nn dsa$$eared.
2rs. &aquetQs Statement.
I arose abo)t t+e )s)al +o)r on t+e 'ornn& of t+e accdent1 $robabl"
abo)t s# o5cloc3. I +ad sle$t 8ell t+ro)&+o)t t+e n&+t1 +ad no drea's or
s)dden a8a3enn&s. I a8o3e feeln& &loo'" and de$ressed1 8+c+ feeln& I
co)ld not s+a3e off. %fter brea3fast '" +)sband 8ent to +s 8or31 and1 at
t+e $ro$er t'e1 t+e c+ldren 8ere &otten read" and sent to sc+ool1 lea2n&
'e alone n t+e +o)se. (oon after t+s I decded to stee$ and drn3 so'e tea1
+o$n& t 8o)ld rele2e 'e of t+e &loo'" feeln&s afore'entoned. I 8ent
nto t+e $antr"1 too3 do8n t+e tea canster1 and as I t)rned aro)nd '"
brot+er Ed')ndor +s e#act 'a&estood before 'e and onl" a fe8 feet
a8a". T+e a$$arton stood 8t+ bac3 to8ard 'e1 or1 rat+er1 $artall" so1 and
8as n t+e act of falln& for8arda8a" fro' 'esee'n&l" '$elled b"
t8o ro$es or a loo$ of ro$e dra8n& a&anst +s le&s. T+e 2son lasted b)t a
'o'ent1 dsa$$earn& o2er a lo8 raln& or b)l8ar31 b)t 8as 2er" dstnct. I
dro$$ed t+e tea1 clas$ed '" +ands to '" face1 and e#cla'ed1 /" GodZ Ed
s dro8ned.9
%t abo)t +alfC$ast ten %./. '" +)sband rece2ed a tele&ra' fro'
C+ca&o1 anno)ncn& t+e dro8nn& of '" brot+er. 6+en +e arr2ed +o'e +e
sad to 'e1 Ed s sc3 n +os$tal at C+ca&oG I +a2e D)st rece2ed a
tele&ra'.9 To 8+c+ I re$led1 Ed s dro8nedG I sa8 +' &o o2erboard.9 I
t+en &a2e +' a 'n)te descr$ton of 8+at I +ad seen. I stated t+at '"
brot+er1 as I sa8 +'1 8as bare+eaded1 +ad on a +ea2"1 bl)e salor5s s+rt1 no
coat1 and t+at +e 8ent o2er t+e ral or b)l8ar3. I notced t+at +s $ants le&s
8ere rolled )$ eno)&+ to s+o8 t+e 8+te lnn& nsde. I also descrbed t+e
a$$earance of t+e boat at t+e $ont 8+ere '" brot+er 8ent o2erboard.
I a' not ner2o)s1 and net+er before nor snce +a2e I +ad an" e#$erence
n t+e least de&ree s'lar to t+at abo2e related.
/" brot+er 8as not s)bDect to fantn& or 2ert&o.
%G!E( P%X:ET.
2r. &aquetQs Statement.
%t abo)t *>.;> o5cloc3 %./.1 October .<t+1 *AA@1 I rece2ed a tele&ra'
fro' C+ca&o1 anno)ncn& t+e dro8nn& of '" brot+erCnCla81 Ed')nd
,)nn1 at ; o5cloc3 t+at 'ornn&. I 8ent drectl" +o'e1 and1 8s+n& to brea3
t+e force of t+e sad ne8s I +ad to con2e" to '" 8fe1 I sad to +erJ Ed s
sc3 n +os$tal at C+ca&oG I +a2e D)st rece2ed a tele&ra'.9 To 8+c+ s+e
re$ledJ Ed s dro8nedG I sa8 +' &o o2erboard.9 (+e t+en descrbed to 'e
t+e a$$earance and dress of +er brot+er as descrbed n +er state'entG also
t+e a$$earance of t+e boat1 &c.
I started at once for C+ca&o1 and 8+en I arr2ed t+ere I fo)nd t+e
a$$earance of t+at $art of t+e 2essel descrbed b" '" 8fe to be e#actl" as
s+e +ad descrbed t1 t+o)&+ s+e +ad ne2er seen t+e 2esselG and t+e cre8
2erfed '" 8fe5s descr$ton of +er brot+er5s dress1 &c.1 e#ce$t t+at t+e"
t+o)&+t t+at +e +ad +s +at on at t+e t'e of t+e accdent. T+e" sad t+at /r.
,)nn +ad $)rc+ased a $ar of $ants a fe8 da"s before t+e accdent occ)rred1
and as t+e" 8ere a trfle lon& before1 8rn3ln& at t+e 3nees1 +e +ad 8orn
t+e' rolled )$1 s+o8n& t+e 8+te lnn& as seen b" '" 8fe.
+i,HNJ-
T+e ca$tan of t+e t)&1 8+o 8as at t+e 8+eel at t+e t'e of t+e accdent1
see'ed retcent. -e t+o)&+t '" brot+erCnCla8 8as ta3en 8t+ a fantn& ft
or 2ert&o and fell o2er bac38ardG b)t a salor (4ran3 Ye'ont) told a frend
of 'ne t+at +e (Ye'ont) stood on t+e bo8 of t+e 2essel t+at 8as ben&
to8ed and sa8 t+e accdent. -e stated t+at '" brot+erCnCla8 8as ca)&+t b"
t+e to8Clne and t+ro8n o2erboard1 as descrbed b" '" 8fe. I t+n3 t+at t+e
ca$tan1 n +s state'ent1 8s+ed to a2od res$onsblt"1 as +e +ad no r&+t
to order a fre'an'" brot+erCnCla85s occ)$atonto +andle t+e to8C
lne.
/" brot+erCnCla8 8as ne2er1 to '" 3no8led&e1 s)bDect to fantn& or
2ert&o.
PETER P%X:ET.
/r. 6ood 8rtes a&an on %)&)st *.t+1 *A@>J
In accordance 8t+ reE)est1 I +a2e +ad state'ents 'ade n frst $ersonY
I +a2e 'ade dl&ent nE)r"1 b)t cannot $lace t+e salor Ye'ont. %
letter sent to +s last 3no8n1 or s)$$osed1 address +as been ret)rned1 'ar3ed
Not caed $or.Y
%. B. 6OO,.
/rs. (d&8c3 addsJ
-ere /rs. PaE)et not onl" +ad a 22d '$resson of +er brot+er 8t+n a
fe8 +o)rs of +s deat+not onl" 3ne8 t+at +e 8as deadb)t sa8 a 'ore or
less acc)rate re$resentaton of t+e scene of +s deat+.
It 8ll +a2e been notced t+at +er '$resson 8as not conte'$oraneo)s
8t+ t+e e2ent to 8+c+ t related1 b)t occ)rred so'e s# +o)rs after8ards. It
8as $receded b" a feeln& of de$resson 8t+ 8+c+ s+e +ad a8o3en n t+e
'ornn&1 and one s at frst te'$ted to s)$$ose t+at s+e +ad drea'ed of t+e
e2ent and for&otten t1 and t+at +er s)bseE)ent 2son 8as t+e res)lt of a
s)dden re22fcaton of t+e drea' n +er 'e'or". B)t 8e do not 3no8
eno)&+ to D)stf" )s n ass)'n& t+s1 and a&anst s)c+ a +"$ot+ess 'a" be
)r&ed t+e e#$erence of /rs. (tore related n &hantasms o$ the .iving
LE)oted n +(*M1 8+c+ so'e8+at rese'bles /rs. PaE)et5s. /rs. (tore tells
)s t+at all t+e e2enn& s+e felt )n)s)all" ner2o)s1 and t+en1 8+en s+e 8ent
to bed1 s+e +ad a re'ar3able drea'1 n 8+c+ s+e sa8 a seres of scenes
8+c+ after8ards t)rned o)t to +a2e a clear relaton to t+e deat+ of +er
brot+er1 8+o +ad been 3lled b" a $assn& tran fo)r +o)rs earler. In +er
case t+e ner2o)sness cannot be re&arded as tele$at+c1 as t s stated to +a2e
be&)n before t+e accdent1 b)t t see's E)te $ossble t+at t+e ner2o)sness
and de$resson 'a" +a2e +ad to do 8t+ so'e condton n t+e $erc$ent
8+c+ rendered t+e 2son $ossble.
Can 8e farl" $ress an dea of an" 'ere latenc" of t+e scene n t+e
$erc$ent5s 'nd to acco)nt for s)c+ an ncdent as t+sW Or ')st 8e not
feel t+at t+ere s +ere a 'ode of dealn& 8t+ t'e 8+c+ s not o)rsW T+s
a$$arentl" dfferent 'ode of conce2n& t'eCrelatons s also s+o8n n
cases of $reco&nton1alread" referred to n C+a$ter IV. (+(,)1and I add
n ''3 A a case of 8a3n& $re'onton 8+c+ t+ere see's no reason to
ascrbe to s$rt a&enc". I rec)r to t+e $roble' of t'eCrelatons n C+a$ter
I0.G 'ean8+le t s 8ell to be re'nded at e2er" sta&e t+at no cate&or"
8+c+ 8e can 'a3e can be a reall" dstnct cate&or"1 b)t t+at all t+ese
s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena are so'e+o8 ln3ed to&et+er be"ond o)r s&+t.
+i,HNK-
''+ . T+e decedent n t+e ne#t case 8as a 'an of so'e note1 8+o 8o)ld1
I t+n31 +a2e been an#o)s to 'anfest +s contn)ed e#stence f +e fo)nd
t+at $ossble.
4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .B?. I E)ote G)rne"5s $refator"
re'ar3s on t+e case.
6e rece2ed t+e ne#t acco)nt t+ro)&+ t+e 3ndness of /r. 7.
Bradle" ,"ne1 of . !e8 (E)are1 Lncoln5s Inn. T+e ncdent
too3 $lace n +s +o)se at -&+C&ate1 and t+e narrator s +s
ssterCnCla8. T+e case brn&s )s a&an to t+e 2er" 2er&e of
act)al sensor" +all)cnaton. It see's also to be an e#tre'e
nstance of a de$erred or atent tele$at+c '$ressont+e deat+
of t+e a&ent (allo8n& for lon&t)de) +a2n& $receded t+e
$erc$ent5s e#$erence b" abo)t ten +o)rs. T+s feat)re does not
see' s$ecall" s)r$rsn&1 8+en 8e re'e'ber +o8 act)al
'$ressons of sense 'a" $ass )nnoted1 and "et e'er&e nto
consco)sness +o)rs after8ards1 et+er n drea' or n so'e
'o'ent of slence and recueiement.
T+e follo8n& s t+e $erc$ent5s acco)ntJ
*AA;.
I +ad 3no8n /r. as a 'edcal 'an1 )nder 8+ose treat'ent I +ad
been for so'e "ears1 and at 8+ose +ands I +ad e#$erenced &reat 3ndness.
-e +ad ceased to attend 'e for consderabl" 'ore t+an a "ear at t+e t'e of
+s deat+. I 8as a8are t+at +e +ad &2en )$ $ractce1 b)t be"ond t+at I 3ne8
not+n& of +s $roceedn&s1 or of t+e state of +s +ealt+. %t t+e t'e I last
sa8 +' +e a$$eared $artc)larl" 8ell1 and e2en 'ade so'e re'ar3 +'self
as to t+e a'o)nt of 2&o)r and 8or3 left n +'.
On T+)rsda"1 t+e *Bt+ da" of ,ece'ber *A=?1 I +ad been for so'e lttle
t'e on a 2st at '" brot+erCnCla85s and sster5s +o)se near London. I 8as
n &ood +ealt+1 b)t fro' t+e 'ornn& and t+ro)&+o)t t+e da" I felt
)nacco)ntabl" de$ressed and o)t of s$rts1 8+c+ I attrb)ted to t+e
&loo'ness of t+e 8eat+er. % s+ort t'e after l)nc+1 abo)t t8o o5cloc31 I
t+o)&+t I 8o)ld &o )$ to t+e n)rser" to a')se '"self 8t+ t+e c+ldren1 and
tr" to reco2er '" s$rts. T+e atte'$t faled1 and I ret)rned to t+e dnn&C
roo'1 8+ere I sat b" '"self1 '" sster ben& en&a&ed else8+ere. T+e
t+o)&+t of /r. ca'e nto '" 'nd1 and s)ddenl"1 8t+ '" e"es o$en1
as I bele2e1 for I 8as not feeln& slee$"1 I see'ed to be n a roo' n 8+c+
a 'an 8as l"n& dead n a s'all bed. I reco&nsed t+e face at once as t+at of
/r. 1 and felt no do)bt t+at +e 8as dead1 and not aslee$ onl". T+e roo'
a$$eared to be bare and 8t+o)t car$et or f)rnt)re. I cannot sa" +o8 lon&
t+e a$$earance lasted. I dd not 'enton t+e a$$earance to '" sster or
brot+erCnCla8 at t+e t'e. I tred to ar&)e 8t+ '"self t+at t+ere co)ld be
not+n& n 8+at I +ad seen1 c+efl" on t+e &ro)nd t+at fro' 8+at I 3ne8 of
/r. 5s crc)'stances t 8as 'ost '$robable t+at1 f dead1 +e 8o)ld be
n a roo' n so bare and )nf)rns+ed a state. T8o da"s after8ards1 on
,ece'ber *At+1 I left '" sster5s +o)se for +o'e. %bo)t a 8ee3 after '"
arr2al1 anot+er of '" ssters read o)t of t+e dal" $a$ers t+e anno)nce'ent
of /r. 5s deat+1 8+c+ +ad ta3en $lace abroad1 and on ,ece'ber *Bt+1
t+e da" on 8+c+ I +ad seen t+e a$$earance.
I +a2e snce been nfor'ed t+at /r. +ad ded n a s'all 2lla&e
+os$tal n a 8ar' fore&n cl'ate1 +a2n& been s)ddenl" attac3ed 8t+
llness 8+lst on +s tra2els.
+i,HNL-
In ans8er to an nE)r"1 /r. ,"ne sa"sJ
/" ssterCnCla8 tells 'e t+at t+e occason 8+c+ I 'entoned to
"o) s absol)tel" t+e onl" one on 8+c+ s+e +as seen an" 2son
of t+e 3nd.
6e learnt fro' /r. 5s 8do8 t+at t+e roo' n 8+c+ +e ded farl"
corres$onded 8t+ t+e abo2e descr$ton1 and t+at t+e +o)r of deat+ 8as
;.;> %./.
!o8 t+s ncdent be&ns 8t+ 8+at loo3s l3e a tele$at+c '$resson of
cala't" of fa'lar t"$e1 concdn& 8t+1 or follo8n& closel" )$on1 t+e
deat+ of a frend. B)t t+en t+s de$resson s)ddenl" de2elo$s1 as t 8ere1
nto a 8a3n& 2son of t+e 'ateral scenean absol)tel" )ne#$ected one
n 8+c+ t+at frend5s dead bod" s l"n&. !o8 8+at s to dra8 t+e
$erc$ent5s 'nd to t+s scene1 )nless t be ndeed t+e a&enc" of t+e
de$arted s$rtW 6e s+all fnd later on t+at 8e +a2e ndcatons t+at de$arted
s$rts 'a" for a t'e be co&nsant of t+e $oston or as$ect of t+er bodes1
and 'a" '$ress t+s 3no8led&e )$on s)r22ors. ((ee also t+e case of /rs.
(tore n +(*.) /a" not t+e $ct)re of t+e cotta&eC+os$tal +a2e been
'$ressed b" t+e acton of t+e s$rt 8+c+ +ad E)tted t+e cor$se t+ere
l"n&W
()c+ $roble's cannot at $resent be sol2edG nor1 as I +a2e sad1 can an"
one class of t+ese $s"c+cal nterc+an&es be clearl" de'arcated fro' ot+er
classes. Reco&nsn& t+s1 8e ')st e#$lan t+e central c+aracterstcs of eac+
&ro)$ n t)rn1 and s+o8 at 8+at $onts t+at &ro)$ a$$ears to 'er&e nto t+e
ne#t.
'', . 6e no8 co'e1 t+en1 to t+at class of cases 8+ere B n2ades %1 and
% $erce2es t+e n2asonG b)t B retans no 'e'or" of t n s)$ral'nal lfe.
4ro' one $ont of 2e81 as 8ll be seen1 t+s s D)st t+e re2erse of t+e class
last dsc)ssed8+ere t+e n2ader re'e'bered an n2ason 8+c+ t+e
n2aded $erson (8+en t+ere 8as one) dd not $erce2e.
6e +a2e alread" dsc)ssed so'e cases of t+s sort 8+c+ see'ed to be
psychorrhagicto +a2e occ)rred 8t+o)t 8ll or $)r$ose on t+e $art of t+e
n2ader. 6+at 8e ')st no8 do s to collect cases 8+ere t+ere 'a" $robabl"
+a2e been so'e real $roDecton of 8ll or desre on t+e n2ader5s $art1
leadn& to t+e $roDecton of +s $+antas' n a 'anner reco&nsable b" t+e
dstant frend 8+o' +e t+)s n2ades"et 8t+o)t s)bseE)ent 'e'or" of
+s o8n. T+ese cases 8ll be nter'edate bet8een t+e psychorrhagic cases
alread" descrbed and t+e e0perimenta cases on 8+c+ 8e s+all $resentl"
enter.
I 8ll re'nd t+e reader1 to be&n 8t+1 of t8o cases $rnted n a $re2o)s
c+a$ter. In t+e frstt+e case of /rs. 6est (422 A)a dan&ero)s accdent
+a$$ens1 and a near relaton s)ddenl" sees t+e endan&ered $ersons n t+e
scene. T+e" 3no8 not+n& of +a2n& been seen. In &hantasms o$ the .iving,
fro' 8+c+ t+e case s E)oted1 t+s 8as re&arded as a $roDecton fro' t+er
'nds1 or fro' t+e 'nd of one of +i,HNM- t+e'. I s+o)ld no8 $refer to call
t a s$as'odc t&+tenn& of t+e bond al8a"s e#stn& bet8een t+e fat+er and
da)&+ter.
In t+e second caset+at of Canon 6arb)rtonn secton +((t+e
$erson )nder&on& t+e accdent dd recollect a 22d t+o)&+t of +s brot+er at
t+e 'o'entG8+le +s brot+er on t+e ot+er +and 8as startled fro' a sl&+t
doNe b" t+e 2son of t+e scene of dan&er as t+en ta3n& $laceGt+e stee$
stars and t+e falln& f&)re. T+s s an ac)te crss1 ')c+ rese'bln&
'$endn& deat+ b" dro8nn&1 &c.G and t+e a$$arton 'a" be constr)ed
et+er 8a"et+er as a scene clar2o"antl" dscerned b" Canon 6arb)rton1
o8n&1 as I sa"1 to a s$as'odc t&+tenn& of +s $s"c+cal ln3 8t+ +s
brot+er1 or as a s)dden invasion on t+at brot+er5s $art1 8+ose 2er" ra$dt"
$er+a$s +el$ed to $re2ent +s re'e'bern& t.
T+e follo8n& case1 a&an1 s nterestn& bot+ e2dentall" and fro' ts
ntrnsc c+aracter. T+e narrat2e1 $rnted n &hantasms o$ the .iving on t+e
a)t+ort" of one onl" of t+e 8tnesses concerned1 led to t+e dsco2er" of t+e
second 8tness8+o' 8e +ad no ot+er 'eans of fndn&and +as been
a'$l" corroborated b" +er nde$endent acco)nt.
T+e case stands abo)t 'd8a" bet8een $s"c+orr+a&c cases and
ntentonal selfC$roDectons1 and s clearl" of t+e nat)re of an invasion, snce
t+e $+antas' 8as seen b" a stran&er as 8ell as b" t+e frend1 and see'ed to
bot+ to be 'o2n& abo)t t+e roo'. T+e f&)re1 t+at s to sa"1 8as ada$ted to
t+e $erc$ent5s en2ron'ent.
4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .;@. /rs. El&ee1 of *A 6ob)rn
Road1 Bedford1 &a2e t+e follo8n& acco)ntJ
2arch *st, *AA?.
In t+e 'ont+ of !o2e'ber *AB<1 ben& detaned n Caro1 on '" 8a"
o)t to Inda1 t+e follo8n& c)ro)s crc)'stance occ)rred to 'eJ
O8n& to an )n)s)al nfl)# of tra2ellers1 I1 8t+ t+e "o)n& lad" )nder
'" c+ar&e (8+o' 8e 8ll call ,.) and so'e ot+er $assen&ers of t+e
o)t8ardCbo)nd 'al to Inda1 +ad to ta3e )$ o)r abode n a so'e8+at
)nfreE)ented +otel. T+e roo' s+ared b" /ss ,. and '" self 8as lar&e1
loft"1 and &loo'"G t+e f)rnt)re of t+e scantest1 consstn& of t8o s'all
beds1 $laced nearl" n t+e 'ddle of t+e roo' and not to)c+n& t+e 8alls at
all1 t8o or t+ree r)s+Cbotto'ed c+ars1 a 2er" s'all 8as+n&Cstand1 and a
lar&e oldCfas+oned sofa of t+e settee sort1 8+c+ 8as $laced a&anst oneC
+alf of t+e lar&e foldn& doors 8+c+ &a2e entrance to t+e roo'. T+s settee
8as far too +ea2" to be re'o2ed1 )nless b" t8o or t+ree $eo$le. T+e ot+er
+alf of t+e door 8as )sed for entrance1 and faced t+e t8o beds. 4eeln&
rat+er desolate and stran&e1 and /ss ,. ben& a ner2o)s $erson1 I loc3ed
t+e door1 and1 ta3n& o)t t+e 3e"1 $)t t )nder '" $llo8G b)t on /ss ,.
re'ar3n& t+at t+ere '&+t be a d)$lcate 8+c+ co)ld o$en t+e door fro'
o)tsde1 I $)t a c+ar a&anst t+e door1 8t+ '" tra2elln& ba& on t1 so
arran&ed t+at1 on an" $ress)re o)tsde1 one or bot+ ')st fall on t+e bare
floor1 and 'a3e nose eno)&+ to ro)se 'e. 6e t+en $roceeded to retre to
bed1 t+e one I +ad c+osen ben& near t+e onl" 8ndo8 n t+e roo'1 8+c+
o$ened 8t+ t8o &laNed doors1 al'ost to t+e floor. T+ese doors1 on acco)nt
of t+e +eat1 I left o$en1 frst ass)rn& '"self t+at no co'')ncaton +i,HNN-
fro' t+e o)tsde co)ld be obtaned. T+e 8ndo8 led on to a s'all balcon"1
8+c+ 8as solated1 and 8as t+ree stores abo2e t+e &ro)nd.
I s)ddenl" 8o3e fro' a so)nd slee$ 8t+ t+e '$resson t+at so'ebod"
+ad called 'e1 and1 sttn& )$ n bed1 to '" )nbo)nded astons+'ent1 b" t+e
clear l&+t of earl" da8n co'n& n t+ro)&+ t+e lar&e 8ndo8 before
'entoned1 I be+eld t+e f&)re of an old and 2er" 2al)ed frend 8+o' I
3ne8 to be n En&land. -e a$$eared as f 'ost ea&er to s$ea3 to 'e1 and I
addressed +' 8t+1 Good &raco)sZ +o8 dd "o) co'e +ereW9 (o clear
8as t+e f&)re1 t+at I noted e2er" detal of +s dress1 e2en to t+ree on"#
s+rtCst)ds 8+c+ +e al8a"s 8ore. -e see'ed to co'e a ste$ nearer to 'e1
8+en +e s)ddenl" $onted across t+e roo'1 and on '" loo3n& ro)nd1 I sa8
/ss ,. sttn& )$ n +er bed1 &aNn& at t+e f&)re 8t+ e2er" e#$resson of
terror. On loo3n& bac31 '" frend see'ed to s+a3e +s +ead1 and retreated
ste$ b" ste$1 slo8l"1 tll +e see'ed to sn3 t+ro)&+ t+at $orton of t+e door
8+ere t+e settee stood. I ne2er 3ne8 8+at +a$$ened to 'e after t+sG b)t '"
ne#t re'e'brance s of br&+t s)ns+ne $o)rn& t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo8.
Grad)all" t+e re'e'brance of 8+at +ad +a$$ened ca'e bac3 to 'e1 and t+e
E)eston arose n '" 'nd1 +ad I been drea'n&1 or +ad I seen a 2stant
fro' anot+er 8orldWt+e bodl" $resence of '" frend ben& )tterl"
'$ossble. Re'e'bern& t+at /ss ,. +ad see'ed a8are of t+e f&)re as
8ell as '"self1 I deter'ned to allo8 t+e test of '" drea' or 2son to be
8+ate2er s+e sad to 'e )$on t+e s)bDect1 I ntendn& to sa" not+n& to +er
)nless s+e s$o3e to 'e. %s s+e see'ed stll aslee$1 I &ot o)t of bed1
e#a'ned t+e door caref)ll"1 and fo)nd t+e c+ar and '" ba& )nto)c+ed1
and t+e 3e" )nder '" $llo8G t+e settee +ad not been to)c+ed1 nor +ad t+at
$orton of t+e door a&anst 8+c+ t 8as $laced an" a$$earance of ben&
o$ened for "ears.
Presentl"1 on /ss ,. 8a3n& )$1 s+e loo3ed abo)t t+e roo'1 and1
notcn& t+e c+ar and ba&1 'ade so'e re'ar3 as to t+er not +a2n& been
')c+ )se. I sad1 6+at do "o) 'eanW9 and t+en s+e sad1 6+"1 t+at 'an
8+o 8as n t+e roo' t+s 'ornn& ')st +a2e &ot n so'e+o8.9 (+e t+en
$roceeded to descrbe to 'e e#actl" 8+at I '"self +ad seen. 6t+o)t &2n&
an" satsfactor" ans8er as to 8+at I +ad seen1 I 'ade +er rat+er an&r" b"
affectn& to treat t+e 'atter as a fanc" on +er $art1 and s+o8ed +er t+e 3e"
stll )nder '" $llo81 and t+e c+ar and ba& )nto)c+ed. I t+en as3ed +er1 f
s+e 8as so s)re t+at s+e +ad seen so'ebod" n t+e roo'1 dd not s+e 3no8
8+o t 8asW !o19 sad s+e1 I +a2e ne2er seen +' before1 nor an" one l3e
+'.9 I sad1 -a2e "o) e2er seen a $+oto&ra$+ of +'W9 (+e sad1 !o.9
T+s lad" ne2er 8as told 8+at I sa81 and "et descrbed e#actl" to a t+rd
$erson 8+at 8e bot+ +ad seen.
Of co)rse1 I 8as )nder t+e '$resson '" frend 8as dead. ()c+1
+o8e2er1 8as not t+e caseG and I 'et +' so'e fo)r "ears later1 8+en1
8t+o)t telln& +' an"t+n& of '" e#$erence n Caro1 I as3ed +'1 n a
Do3n& 8a"1 co)ld +e re'e'ber 8+at +e 8as don& on a certan n&+t n
!o2e'ber *AB<. 6ell19 +e sad1 "o) reE)re 'e to +a2e a &ood 'e'or"G9
b)t after a lttle reflecton +e re$led1 6+"1 t+at 8as t+e t'e I 8as so
+arassed 8t+ tr"n& to decde for or a&anst t+e a$$ont'ent 8+c+ 8as
offered 'e1 and I so ')c+ 8s+ed "o) co)ld +a2e been 8t+ 'e to tal3 t+e
'atter o2er. I sat o2er t+e fre E)te late1 tr"n& to t+n3 8+at "o) 8o)ld
+a2e ad2sed 'e to do.9 % lttle crossCE)estonn& and co'$arn& of dates
bro)&+t o)t t+e c)ro)s fact t+at1 allo8n& for t+e dfference of t'e
bet8een En&land and Caro1 +s 'edtatons o2er t+e fre and +i,HNO- '"
e#$erence 8ere s')ltaneo)s. -a2n& told +' t+e crc)'stances abo2e
narrated1 I as3ed +' +ad +e been a8are of an" $ec)lar or )n)s)al
sensaton. -e sad none1 onl" t+at +e +ad 8anted to see 'e 2er" ')c+.
E. -. ELGEE.
In ans8er to nE)res1 /rs. El&ee sa"sJ
I fear t s E)te '$ossble to &et an" nfor'aton fro' /ss ,. (+e
'arred soon after 8e reac+ed Inda1 and I ne2er 'et +er snce1 nor do I
3no8 8+ere s+e s1 f al2e. I E)te )nderstand t+e 2al)e of +er
corroboratonG and at t+e t'e s+e told t+e 8+ole crc)'stance to a fello8C
tra2eller1 8+o re$eated t to 'e1 and +er stor" and 'ne a&reed n e2er"
$artc)lar1 sa2e t+at to +er t+e 2stant 8as a co'$lete stran&erG and +er tale
8as E)te )nbassed b" 'ne1 as I al8a"s treated +ers as a fanc"1 and never
ac3no8led&ed I +ad been a8are of an"t+n& )n)s)al +a2n& ta3en $lace n
o)r roo' at Caro. I ne2er +a2e seen1 or fanced I sa81 an" one before or
snce.
/" 2stant1 also1 s dead1 or +e 8o)ld1 I 3no81 +a2e added +s
test'on"1 s'all as t 8as1 to 'ne. -e 8as a 2er" cal'1 E)et1 cle2er1
scentfc 'an1 not &2en to 2an fances on an" s)bDect1 and certanl" 8as
not a8are of an" desre of a$$earn& to 'e.
T+e $)blcaton of &hantasms o$ the .iving led fort)natel" to o)r
obtann& t+e test'on" of t+e second $erc$ent1 no8 /rs. Ra'sa"1 of
Cle2elands1 Bassett1 (o)t+a'$ton1 8+ose acco)nt follo8sJ
1uy *A@*.
I +a2e been as3ed b" a leadn& 'e'ber of t+e Ps"c+cal (ocet" to 8rte
do8n 8+at I can re'e'ber of a stran&e e#$erence t+at occ)rred no less
t+an t8ent"Cse2en "ears a&o. I no8 do so as s'$l" as I can1 and to t+e best
of '" recollecton.
In October *AB< I 8as tra2elln& to Inda1 &on& to reDon '" $arents1
fro' 8+o' I +ad been se$arated t8el2e "ears1 a 3nd frenda /rs. E.
+a2n& )nderta3en to c+a$eron 'e as far as Calc)tta. (+e 8as &on& o)t to
Don +er +)sband1 /aDor E.1 of t+e .;rd Ro"al 6els+ 4)slers. 6e started
b" a P. & O. stea'ert+e Ceyonfro' (o)t+a'$ton1 and tra2elled b" t+e
o2erCland ro)te1 via %le#andra and Caro1 to ()eN.
6e landed at %le#andra1 and 8ent b" ral across t+e desert to Caro.
T+ere all $assen&ers +ad to slee$ t+e n&+t before $roceedn& on to ()eN.
(+e$+erd5s -otel 8as t+e best +otel t+en1 and t+ere 8as conseE)entl" a &reat
r)s+ to tr" and &et roo's n tG b)t /rs. E. and I1 fndn& 8e co)ld &et no
corner1 decded1 8t+ t8o or t+ree ot+er $assen&ers1 to &et acco''odaton
n t+e -btel de l5E)ro$e. 6e felt so'e8+at ner2o)s at t+e s8art+" 2sa&es
of t+e %rabs all ro)nd )s1 and for t+s reason selected o)r E)arters on t+e
2er" +&+est store"1 t+n3n& 8e s+o)ld be 'ore o)t of reac+ of robbers and
t+e2es t+an f 8e 8ere on t+e &ro)nd floor. T+s s an '$ortant $ont to
re'e'ber1 as no one co)ld +a2e effected an entrance nto o)r roo' fro'
o)tsde. It 8as a br&+t 'oonl&+t n&+t 8+en 8e 8ent to bed1 and I can
recollect as f t 8ere "esterda" t+s fact1 t+at t+e s+ado8 of a $e$)l9 tree
8as reflected on t+e 8all o$$oste o)r bedst+e lea2es of t+e tree 8ere
tre'bln& and s+a3n&1 as t+e lea2es of a $e$)l9 al8a"s do1 'a3n& t+e
s+ado8s dance abo)t t+e 8all.
Before 8e fnall" retred to rest 8e 'ade t+e &randest arran&e'ents for
$ersonal sec)rt"Z T+e 8ndo8 loo3n& o)t on to t+e street belo8 8as ')c+
+i,HOP- too +&+ )$ to be at all )nsafe. (o 8e left t+at o$en (I t+n3)1 b)t 8e
closed o)r door 2er" fr'l" ndeedZ It 8as a lar&e foldn& door1 and o$ened
in#ards. 6e loc3ed t caref)ll"1 lea2n& t+e 3e" n t+e loc3G $)s+ed an ar'C
c+ar a&anst t+e 'ddle of t+e doorG and1 to cro8n all1 8e balanced a +andC
ba& on one of t+e ar's1 8t+ a b)nc+ of 3e"s n t+e loc3 t+ereofZ so t+at f
an" ntr)der s+o)ld 2ent)re to o$en t+at door1 8e s+o)ld Bno# of t at an"
rateZZ (B)t no one dd 2ent)re1 and 8e fo)nd e2er"t+n& n t+e 'ornn&
e#actl" as 8e +ad left t.) I re'e'ber t+at /rs. E. 8as 2er" caref)l abo)t
t)c3n& +er 'osE)to c)rtans all ro)nd1 b)t I dsl3ed t+e feeln& of
s)ffocaton t+e" &a2e1 and $)t 'ne )$G not realsn&1 of co)rse1 n '"
ne#$erence1 8+at t+e conseE)ences 8o)ld be for '"selfG for t+ese s'all
$la&)es of E&"$t (Z) soon descended )$on 'e1 nearl" eatn& 'e )$1 and
absol)tel" $re2ented slee$. T+s s anot+er '$ortant fact to re'e'ber1 for
+ad I sle$t I '&+t +a2e drea'ed1 b)t1 as t +a$$ened1 I 8as 8de a8a3e. I
8as loo3n& at t+e s+ado8s of t+e tree s+a3n& on t+e 8all 8+en &rad)all"
t+e" see'ed to 'er&e nto a for'1 8+c+ for' too3 t+e s+a$e of a 'an1 not
of an %rab1 b)t of an En&ls+ &entle'an. T+en t+s for' &lded nto t+e
roo'1 ad2ancn& to8ards '" c+a$eron1 stretc+n& o)t +s +ands as f n
blessn&1 t)rned ro)nd1 loo3ed at 'e1 sadl" and sorro8f)ll" (so I t+o)&+t)1
and t+en 2ans+ed a&an nto t+e s+ado8s as t ca'e. I do not re'e'ber
feeln& terrfed1 onl" a8edt+e face 8as so 3nd and +)'an1 onl" t+e
'oonl&+t 'ade t loo3 2er" 8+te. I dd not 8a3e /rs. E.1 as s+e a$$eared
to 'e to be aslee$. I felt s)re I +ad seen a 2son1 and so'et+n& t+at +ad to
do 8t+ +er.
T+e ne#t 'ornn&1 8+le 8e 8ere dressn&1 s+e re'ar3ed +o8 odd I
loo3ed1 and E)te a$art fro' t+e 'osE)to btes1 I 3no8 I dd. 6e +ad a
&ood la)&+ o2er '" co'cal a$$earance1 for I +ad not scr)$led to scratc+
t+e btes1 )ntl '" fore+ead and face rese'bled a $l)' b)nZ I bele2e I t+en
told +er t 8as not stran&e t+at I s+o)ld loo3 odd1 for I +ad seen a &+ost.9
(+e started 2olentl"1 and as3ed 'e to tell +er 8+at I sa8. I descrbed t as
best I co)ld1 and s+e sad she had seen !it too, and t+at s+e 3ne8 t to be
t+e for' and face of a 2al)ed frend. (+e 8as ')c+ dst)rbed abo)t tas
ndeed1 so 8as I1 for I +ad ne2er nd)l&ed n +all)cnatons9 and 8as not
&2en to seen& 2sons.
6e $roceeded ne#t da" to Don o)r s+$ at ()eN1 and 8+en on board1 t
8as a &reat relef to )s to be able to tell t to a 3nd fello8C$assen&er. -e
8as an absol)te sce$tc n all 'atters relatn& to t+e n2sble 8orld1 b)t +e
8as obl&ed to ad't t+at t 8as t+e 'ost e#traordnar" t+n& +e +ad e2er
+eard. YI s+o)ld l3e to add t+at I +a2e ne2er1 before or snce1 +ad an" 3nd
of 2son.
O)r e#$erence at Caro +ad t+s seE)el1 t+at /rs. E.5s s$rtCfrend
+a$$ened to be1 at t+at 2er" t'e1 n &reat $er$le#t" of 'nd'ost an#o)s
abo)t so'e 2er" '$ortant e2ent n +s lfe. -e 8as sttn& n +s roo' one
n&+t n t+e 'ont+ of October *AB<1 and a 'ost ntense "earnn& ca'e o2er
+' for +er ad2ce and assstanceso &reat 8as t1 t+at +e felt as f an
n2sble $o8er +ad dra8n +' nto so'e s$rtCstate1 n 8+c+ +e co)ld and
dd see +er.
*
+i,HOG-
4or a so'e8+at s'lar case1 t+at of t+e a$$arton of General 4rU'ont
(too len&t+" to E)ote +ere)1 I 'a" refer t+e reader to t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $. ?<. T+e crss t+ere s t+e re'o2al of lon& and 8earn& an#et"G t+e
selfC$roDecton nto t+e +o'eCscene 8+c+ no8 at last t+e General felt
ass)red of ben& able to reac+ al2e.
Cases of t+s &eneral c+aracter1 bot+ 2s)al and a)dtor"1 occ)$" a &reat
$art of &hantasms o$ the .iving, and ot+ers +a2e been freE)entl" E)oted n
t+e (.P.R. 1ourna d)rn& recent "ears. I cannot n t+s 8or3 atte'$t an"
co'$lete collecton1 b)t I &2e e#a'$les of 2aro)s t"$es n %$$endces to
t+s secton.
''' . Of stll &reater nterest s t+e class 8+c+ co'es ne#t n order n
'" ascendn& scale of a$$arent intensity/ t+e cases1 na'el"1 8+ere t+ere s
recollecton on bot+ sdes1 so t+at t+e e#$erence s reciproca. Of t+ese I
&2e n %$$endces se2eral e#a'$les. ((ee also so'e cases n t+e
%$$endces to +() ./ T+e" deser2e st)d"1 for t s b" notn& )nder 8+at
crc)'stances t+ese s$ontaneo)sl" rec$rocal cases occ)r t+at 8e +a2e t+e
best c+ance of learnn& +o8 to $rod)ce t+e' e#$er'entall". It 8ll be seen
t+at t+ere +a2e been 2aro)s de&rees of tenson of t+o)&+t on t+e a&ent5s
$art.
''* . %nd +ere co'es n a s'all b)t '$ortant &ro)$t+e &ro)$ of
8+at I 'a" call deat+Cco'$acts $re'at)rel" f)lflled. 6e s+all see n t+e
ne#t c+a$ter t+at t+e e#c+an&e of a sole'n $ro'se bet8een t8o frends to
a$$ear to one anot+er1 f $ossble1 after deat+ s far fro' ben& a )seless
$ece of sent'ent. ()c+ $ost+)'o)s a$$earances1 t s tr)e1 'a" be n 'ost
cases '$ossble1 b)t ne2ert+eless t+ere s real &ro)nd to bele2e t+at t+e
$re2o)s tenson of t+e 8ll n t+at drecton 'a3es t 'ore l3el" t+at t+e
lon&edCfor 'eetn& s+all be acco'$ls+ed. If so1 t+s s a 3nd of
e0periment, and an e#$er'ent 8+c+ all can 'a3e.
!o8 8e +a2e t8o or t+ree cases 8+ere t+s co'$act +as been 'ade1 and
8+ere an a$$arton +as follo8edb)t before and not after t+e a&ent5s deat+
at t+e 'o'ent1 t+at s to sa"1 of so'e dan&ero)s accdent1 8+en t+e
s)fferer 8as $er+a$s all b)t dro8ned1 or 8as st)nned1 or ot+er8se
nsensble. One of t+ese cases I E)ote n ''* A1 and I add for co'$arson n
''* B an a)dtor" case of a s'lar 3nd1 n 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 t+ere +ad been
no $re2o)s co'$act. In t+s latter case t s notceable t+at t+e a&ent
(Co''ander %"lesb)r")1 8+o 8as n ''nent dan&er of dro8nn&1 dd not
lose consco)snessG and 8e t+erefore can feel certan t+at t+e $+antas'al
2oce dd not n2ol2e an" dstnct2e s)$ral'nal sensaton on +s $art. T+s
s+o8s +o8 decs2e an acton 'a" be &on& on belo8 t+e s)rface1 8+le
not+n& s 3no8n of t abo2e.
'') . Lastl"1 t+e lessons of t+ese s$ontaneo)s a$$artons +a2e been
confr'ed and 8dened b" act)al e#$er'ent. It s $lan t+at D)st as 8e are
not confned to notn& s'all s$ontaneo)s tele$at+c transferences 8+en t+e"
occ)r1 b)t can also endea2o)r to re$rod)ce t+e' b" e#$er'ent1 so also 8e
can endea2o)r to re$rod)ce e#$er'entall" t+ese +i,HOH- 'ore ad2anced
tele$at+c $+eno'ena of t+e n2ason of t+e $resence of t+e $erc$ent b"
t+e a&ent. It s to be +o$ed1 ndeed1 t+at s)c+ e#$er'ent 'a" beco'e one
of t+e 'ost '$ortant feat)res of o)r nE)r". T+e t"$e of t+e e#$er'ent s
so'e8+at as follo8s. T+e ntendn& a&ent endea2o)rs b" an effort at selfC
concentraton1 'ade et+er n 8a3n& +o)rs or D)st before slee$1 to render
+'self $erce$tble to a &2en $erson at a dstance1 8+o1 of co)rse1 ')st
+a2e no reason to e#$ect a $+antas'al 2st at t+at +o)r. Inde$endent
records ')st be 'ade on eac+ sde1 of all atte'$ts 'ade1 and of all
$+anto's seen. T+e e2dental $ont s1 of co)rse1 t+e concdence bet8een
t+e attempt and t+e phantom, 8+et+er or not t+e a&ent can after8ards
re'e'ber +s o8n s)ccess. ((ee %$$endces.)
!o8 t+e e0perimenta ele'ent +ere s ob2o)sl" 2er" nco'$lete. It
conssts n lttle 'ore t+an n a concentrated desre to $rod)ce an effect
8+c+ one can ne2er e#$lan1 and seldo' f)ll" re'e'ber. I +a2e seen no
e2dence to s+o8 t+at an" one can cla' to be an ade$t n s)c+ 'atters+as
learned a 'et+od of t+)s a$$earn& at 8ll.
*
6e are actn& n t+e dar3. Yet
ne2ert+eless t+e 'ere fact t+at on so'e fe8 occasons t+s stron& desre +as
act)all" been follo8ed b" a res)lt of t+s e#tre'el" nterestn& 3nd s one
of t+e 'ost enco)ra&n& $+eno'ena n o)r 8+ole researc+. T+e s)ccesses
ndeed +a2e borne a +&+er $ro$orton to t+e fal)res t+an I s+o)ld +a2e
2ent)red to +o$e. B)t no8+ere s t+ere 'ore need of $ersstent and caref)l
e#$er'entatonGno8+ere1 I 'a" add1 +a2e e'otons E)te alen fro'
(cence'ere &ro)ndless fears of seen& an"t+n& )n)s)alnterfered
8t+ 'ore dsastro)s effect. ()c+ fears1 one +o$es1 8ll $ass a8a"1 and t+e
frend5s 2sble 'a&e 8ll be reco&nsed as a 8elco'e $roof of t+e ln3 t+at
bnds t+e t8o s$rts to&et+er.
T+e case 8+c+ I s+all ne#t E)ote ll)strates bot+ t+e essental
+ar'lessnessna"1 nat)ralnessof s)c+ an e#$er'ent1 and t+e ca)seless
fear 8+c+ t 'a" en&ender e2en n ratonal and sero)s 'nds.
T+e lon& frends+$ of /r. (. -. B. 8t+ t+e Vert" fa'l" 8as $robabl"
one of t+e factors 8+c+ enabled +' to a$$ear to t+e'G "et8lln& t+o)&+
t+e" 8ere to +el$ n t+e n2est&atonst+e e#$er'ent 8as fo)nd too
tr"n& to t+e $erc$ents for freE)ent re$etton.
4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $$. *><K*>@. T+e follo8n& case
8as es$ecall" re'ar3able n t+at t+ere 8ere t8o $erc$ents. T+e narrat2e
8as co$ed b" G)rne" fro' a /(. boo3 of /r. (. -. B.5s1 to 8+c+ +e
transferred t fro' an al'anac dar"1 snce lost.
On a certan ()nda" e2enn& n !o2e'ber *AA*1 +a2n& been
readn& of t+e &reat $o8er 8+c+ t+e +)'an 8ll s ca$able of
e#ercsn&1 I deter'ned 8t+ t+e 8+ole force of '" ben&1 t+at I
8o)ld be $resent n s$rt n t+e front bedroo' +i,HOI- on t+e
second floor of a +o)se st)ated at .. -o&art+ Road1
Rensn&ton1 n 8+c+ roo' sle$t t8o lades of '" acE)antance1
2N.1 /ss L. (. V. and /ss E. C. V.1 a&ed res$ect2el" .? and
** "ears. I 8as l2n& at t+s t'e at .; Rldare Gardens1 a
dstance of abo)t t+ree 'les fro' -o&art+ Road1 and I +ad not
'entoned n an" 8a" '" ntenton of tr"n& t+s e#$er'ent to
et+er of t+e abo2e lades1 for t+e s'$le reason t+at t 8as onl"
on retrn& to rest )$on t+s ()nda" n&+t t+at I 'ade )$ '"
'nd to do so. T+e t'e at 8+c+ I deter'ned I 8o)ld be t+ere
8as * o5cloc3 n t+e 'ornn&1 and I also +ad a stron& ntenton
of 'a3n& '" $resence $erce$tble.
On t+e follo8n& T+)rsda" I 8ent to see t+e lades n E)eston1 and n
t+e co)rse of con2ersaton (8t+o)t an" all)son to t+e s)bDect on '" $art)
t+e elder one told 'e1 t+at on t+e $re2o)s ()nda" n&+t s+e +ad been ')c+
terrfed b" $erce2n& 'e standn& b" +er bedsde1 and t+at s+e screa'ed
8+en t+e a$$arton ad2anced to8ards +er1 and a8o3e +er lttle sster1 8+o
sa8 'e also.
I as3ed +er f s+e 8as a8a3e at t+e t'e1 and s+e re$led 'ost decdedl"
n t+e affr'at2e1 and )$on '" nE)rn& t+e t'e of t+e occ)rrence1 s+e
re$led1 abo)t * o5cloc3 n t+e 'ornn&.
T+s lad"1 at '" reE)est1 8rote do8n a state'ent of t+e e2ent and
s&ned t.
T+s 8as t+e frst occason )$on 8+c+ I tred an e#$er'ent of t+s
3nd1 and ts co'$lete s)ccess startled 'e 2er" ')c+.
Besdes e#ercsn& '" $o8er of 2olton 2er" stron&l"1 I $)t fort+ an
effort 8+c+ I cannot fnd 8ords to descrbe. I 8as consco)s of a
'"stero)s nfl)ence of so'e sort $er'eatn& n '" bod"1 and +ad a dstnct
'$resson t+at I 8as e#ercsn& so'e force 8t+ 8+c+ I +ad been +t+erto
)nacE)anted1 b)t 8+c+ I can no8 at certan t'es set n 'oton at 8ll.
(. -. B.
Of t+e or&nal entr" n t+e al'anac dar"1 /r. B. sa"sJ I recollect
+a2n& 'ade t 8t+n a 8ee3 or so of t+e occ)rrence of t+e e#$er'ent1 and
8+lst t 8as $erfectl" fres+ n '" 'e'or".9
/ss Vert"5s acco)nt s as follo8sJ
1anuary GNth, *AA;.
On a certan ()nda" e2enn&1 abo)t t8el2e 'ont+s snce1 at o)r +o)se n
-o&art+ Road1 Rensn&ton1 I dstnctl" sa8 /r. B. n '" roo'1 abo)t *
o5cloc3. I 8as $erfectl" a8a3e and 8as ')c+ terrfed. I a8o3e '" sster b"
screa'n&1 and s+e sa8 t+e a$$arton +erself. T+ree da"s after1 8+en I sa8
/r. B.1 I told +' 8+at +ad +a$$enedG b)t t 8as so'e t'e before I co)ld
reco2er fro' t+e s+oc3 I +ad rece2ed1 and t+e re'e'brance s too 22d to
be e2er erased fro' '" 'e'or".
L. (. VERITY.
In ans8er to nE)res1 /ss Vert" addsJ I +ad ne2er +ad an"
+all)cnaton of t+e senses of an" sort 8+ate2er.9
/ss E. C. Vert" sa"sJ
I re'e'ber t+e occ)rrence of t+e e2ent descrbed b" '" sster n t+e
anne#ed $ara&ra$+1 and +er descr$ton s E)te correct. I sa8 t+e a$$arton
8+c+ s+e sa81 at t+e sa'e t'e and )nder t+e sa'e crc)'stances1
E. C. VERITY.
+i,HOJ-
/ss %. (. Vert" sa"sJ
I re'e'ber E)te clearl" t+e e2enn& '" eldest sster a8o3e 'e b"
calln& to 'e fro' an adDonn& roo'G and )$on '" &on& to +er bedsde1
8+ere s+e sle$t 8t+ '" "o)n&est sster1 t+e" bot+ told 'e t+e" +ad seen (.
-. B. standn& n t+e roo'. T+e t'e 8as abo)t * o5cloc3. (. -. B. 8as n
e2enn& dress1 t+e" told 'e.
%. (. VERITY.
/r. B. does not re'e'ber +o8 +e 8as dressed on t+e n&+t of t+e
occ)rrence.
/ss E. C. Vert" 8as aslee$ 8+en +er sster ca)&+t s&+t of t+e f&)re1
and 8as a8o3e b" +er sster5s e#cla'n&1 T+ere s (.9 T+e na'e +ad
t+erefore 'et +er ear before s+e +erself sa8 t+e f&)reG and t+e +all)cnaton
on +er $art '&+t t+)s be attrb)ted to s)&&eston. B)t t s a&anst t+s 2e8
t+at s+e +as ne2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton1 and cannot t+erefore be
consdered as $reds$osed to s)c+ e#$erences. T+e ssters are bot+ eE)all"
certan t+at t+e f&)re 8as n e2enn& dress1 and t+at t stood n one
$artc)lar s$ot n t+e roo'. T+e &as 8as b)rnn& lo81 and t+e $+antas'al
f&)re 8as seen 8t+ far 'ore clearness t+an a real f&)re 8o)ld +a2e been.
T+e 8tnesses9 (sa"s G)rne") +a2e been 2er" caref)ll" crossC
e#a'ned b" t+e $resent 8rter. T+ere s not t+e sl&+test do)bt t+at t+er
'enton of t+e occ)rrence to (. -. B. 8as s$ontaneo)s. T+e" +ad not at frst
ntended to 'enton tG b)t 8+en t+e" sa8 +'1 t+er sense of ts oddness
o2erca'e t+er resol)ton. /ss Vert" s a $erfectl" sober'nded and
sensble 8tness1 8t+ no lo2e of 'ar2els1 and 8t+ a consderable dread and
dsl3e of t+s $artc)lar for' of 'ar2el.9
LI o't +ere for 8ant of s$ace t+e ne#t case1 n 8+c+ /r. (. -. B.
atte'$ted to a$$ear n /ss Vert"5s +o)se at t8o dfferent +o)rs on t+e
sa'e e2enn&1 and 8as seen t+ere1 at bot+ t+e t'es f#ed1 b" a 'arred
sster 8+o 8as 2stn& n t+e +o)se.M
G)rne" reE)ested /r. B. to send +' a note on t+e n&+t t+at +e
ntended to 'a3e +s ne#t e#$er'ent of t+e 3nd1 and rece2ed t+e
follo8n& note b" t+e frst $ost on /onda"1 /arc+ .<t+1 *AA<.
2arch ..nd, *AA<.
,E%R /R. G:R!EY1I a' &on& to tr" t+e e#$er'ent toCn&+t of
'a3n& '" $resence $erce$tble at << !orland (E)are1 at *. P./. I 8ll let
"o) 3no8 t+e res)lt n a fe8 da"s.Yo)rs 2er" sncerel"1
(. -. B.
T+e ne#t letter 8as rece2ed n t+e co)rse of t+e follo8n& 8ee3J
Apri ;nd, *AA<.
,E%R /R. G:R!EY1I +a2e a stran&e state'ent to s+o8 "o)1
res$ectn& '" e#$er'ent1 8+c+ 8as tred at "o)r s)&&eston1 and )nder
t+e test condtons 8+c+ "o) '$osed.
-a2n& E)te for&otten 8+c+ n&+t t 8as on 8+c+ I atte'$ted t+e
$roDecton1 I cannot sa" 8+et+er t+e res)lt s a brllant s)ccess1 or onl" a
sl&+t +i,HOK- one1 )ntl I see t+e letter 8+c+ I $osted "o) on t+e e2enn& of
t+e e#$er'ent.
-a2n& sent "o) t+at letter1 I dd not dee' t necessar" to 'a3e a note n
'" dar"1 and conseE)entl" +a2e let t+e e#act date sl$ '" 'e'or".
If t+e dates corres$ond1 t+e s)ccess s co'$lete n e2er" detal1 and I
+a2e an acco)nt s&ned and 8tnessed to s+o8 "o).
I sa8 t+e lad" (8+o 8as t+e s)bDect) for t+e frst t'e last n&+t1 snce
t+e e#$er'ent1 and s+e 'ade a 2ol)ntar" state'ent to 'e1 8+c+ I 8rote
do8n at +er dctaton1 and to 8+c+ s+e +as attac+ed +er s&nat)re. T+e date
and t'e of t+e a$$arton are s$ecfed n t+s state'ent1 and t 8ll be for
"o) to decde 8+et+er t+e" are dentcal 8t+ t+ose &2en n '" letter to
"o). I +a2e co'$letel" for&otten1 b)t "et I fanc" t+at t+e" are t+e sa'e.
(. -. B.
T+s s t+e state'entJ
<< !ORL%!, (X:%RE1 6.
On (at)rda" n&+t1 /arc+ ..nd1 *AA<1 at abo)t 'dn&+t1 I +ad a dstnct
'$resson t+at /r. (. -. B. 8as $resent n '" roo'1 and I dstnctl" sa8
+' 8+lst I 8as E)te 8del" a8a3e. -e ca'e to8ards 'e1 and stro3ed '"
+ar. I vountariy &a2e +' t+s nfor'aton1 8+en +e called to see 'e on
6ednesda"1 %$rl .nd1 telln& +' t+e t'e and t+e crc)'stances of t+e
a$$arton1 8t+o)t an" s)&&eston on +s $art. T+e a$$earance n '" roo'
8as 'ost 22d1 and E)te )n'sta3able.
L. (. VERITY.
/ss %. (. Vert" corroborates as follo8sJ
I re'e'ber '" sster telln& 'e t+at s+e +ad seen (. -. B.1 and
t+at +e +ad to)c+ed +er +ar1 be$ore +e ca'e to see )s on %$rl
.nd.
%.(.V.
/r. B.5s o8n acco)nt s as follo8sJ
On (at)rda"1 /arc+ ..nd1 I deter'ned to 'a3e '" $resence
$erce$tble to /ss V.1 at << !orland (E)are1 !ottn& -ll1 at *.
'dn&+t1 and as I +ad $re2o)sl" arran&ed 8t+ /r. G)rne" t+at
I s+o)ld $ost +' a letter on t+e e2enn& on 8+c+ I tred '"
ne#t e#$er'ent (statn& t+e t'e and ot+er $artc)lars)1 I sent a
note to acE)ant +' 8t+ t+e abo2e facts.
%bo)t ten da"s after8ards I called )$on /ss V.1 and s+e 2ol)ntarl"
told 'e1 t+at on /arc+ ..nd1 at *. o5cloc3 'dn&+t1 s+e +ad seen 'e so
22dl" n +er roo' (8+lst 8del" a8a3e) t+at +er ner2es +ad been ')c+
s+a3en1 and s+e +ad been obl&ed to send for a doctor n t+e 'ornn&.
(. -. B.
:nfort)natel" /r. B.5s ntenton to $rod)ce t+e '$resson of to)c+n&
t+e $erc$ent5s +ar s not ncl)ded n +s 8rtten acco)nt. On %)&)st .*st1
*AA?1 +e 8rote to G)rne"1 I re'e'ber t+at I +ad t+s ntentonG9 and
G)rne" re'e'bered t+at1 2er" soon after t+e occ)rrence1 +e 'entoned t+s
as one of t+e $onts 8+c+ 'ade t+e s)ccess co'$lete n e2er" detalG9 and
t+at +e reco''ended +' n an" f)t)re tral to endea2o)r nstead to $rod)ce
t+e '$resson of so'e s$o3en $+rase.
On t+s case1 G)rne" obser2esJ
It 8ll be obser2ed t+at n all t+ese nstances t+e condtons 8ere
t+e sa'e t+e a&ent concentratn& +s t+o)&+ts on t+e obDect n
2e8 before &on& to slee$. /r. B. +as ne2er s)cceeded n
$rod)cn& a s'lar effect 8+en +e +as +i,HOL- been a8a3e. %nd
t+s restrcton as to t'e +as 'ade t dffc)lt to de2se a $lan b"
8+c+ t+e $+eno'enon co)ld be tested b" nde$endent
obser2ers1 one of 8+o' '&+t arran&e to be n t+e co'$an" of
t+e a&ent at a &2en t'e1 and t+e ot+er n t+at of t+e $erc$ent.
!or s t eas" to $ress for re$ettons of t+e e#$er'ent1 8+c+ s
not an a&reeable one to t+e $erc$ent1 and s follo8ed b" a
consderable a'o)nt of ner2o)s $rostraton. /oreo2er1 f trals
8ere freE)entl" 'ade 8t+ t+e sa'e $erc$ent1 t+e 2al)e of
s)ccess 8o)ld d'ns+G for an" latent e#$ectaton on t+e
$erc$ent5s $art '&+t be ar&)ed to be tself $rod)ct2e of t+e
del)son1 and t+e concdence 8t+ t+e a&ent5s resol2e '&+t be
e#$laned as accdental. 6e +a2e1 of co)rse1 reE)ested /r. B. to
tr" to $rod)ce t+e effect on o)rsel2esG b)t t+o)&+ +e +as 'ore
t+an once 'ade t+e atte'$t1 t +as not s)cceeded.
''9 . In t+ese e#$er'ental a$$artons1 8+c+ for'1 as t 8ere1 t+e
spoia opima of t+e collector1 8e nat)rall" 8s+ to 3no8 all t+at 8e can
abo)t eac+ detal n t+e e#$erence. T8o '$ortant $onts are t+e amount o$
e$$ort 'ade b" t+e e#$er'enter1 and t+e de&ree of +s consco)sness of
s)ccess. T+e a'o)nt of effort n /r. (. -. B.5s case (for nstance) and n /r.
Godfre"5s (668 A6 see's to +a2e been &reatG and t+s s enco)ra&n&1 snce
8+at 8e 8ant s to be ass)red t+at t+e tenson of 8ll +as reall" so'e $o8er.
It see's to act n ')c+ t+e sa'e 8a" as a t+era$e)tc s)&&eston fro' t+e
consco)s selfG one can ne2er 'a3e s)re t+at an" &2en selfCs)&&eston 8ll
ta3e9G b)t1 on t+e 8+ole1 t+e stron&er t+e selfCs)&&estons1 t+e better t+e
res)lt. It s t+erefore E)te n accordance 8t+ analo&" t+at a s)&&eston
fro' 8t+o)t1 &2en to a +"$notsed $erson1 s+o)ld be t+e 'ost $ro'sn&
8a" of nd)cn& t+ese selfC$roDectons. It s+o)ld be stron&l" '$ressed on
+"$notsed s)bDects t+at t+e" can and ')st te'$orarl" lea2e t+e bod"19 as
t+e" call t1 and 'anfest t+e'sel2es to dstant $ersonst+e consent1 of
co)rse1 of bot+ $artes to t+e e#$er'ent +a2n& been $re2o)sl" sec)red.
Of t+s t"$e 8ere ,r. Bac3'an5s e#$er'ents 8t+ +s s)bDect %l'a19
alread" 'entoned (n ,*3 C)G and alt+o)&+ t+at seres of efforts 8as
$re'at)rel" bro3en off1 t 8as f)ll of $ro'se. T+ere 8ere so'e sl&+t
ndcatons t+at %l'a5s clar2o"ant e#c)rsons 8ere so'et'es $erce$tble
to $ersons n t+e scenes $s"c+call" n2adedG and t+ere 8as consderable
and &ro8n& e2dence to +er o8n retenton n s)bseE)ent 'e'or" of so'e
detals of t+ose dstant scenes.
B" all analo&"1 ndeed1 t+at s)bseE)ent 'e'or" s+o)ld be an e'nentl"
educabe t+n&. T+e carr"n& o2er of recollectons fro' one strat)' of
$ersonalt" nto anot+eras +"$notc e#$er'ent s+o8s )ss lar&el" a
'atter of $atent s)&&eston It 8o)ld be 2er" desrable to +"$notse t+e
$erson 8+o +ad s)cceeded n $rod)cn& an e#$er'ental a$$arton1 of /r.
(. -. B.5s t"$e1 and to see f +e co)ld t+en recall t+e $s"c+cal e#c)rson.
+"$notc states s+o)ld be far 'ore caref)ll" )tlsed n connecton 8t+ all
t+ese for's of selfC$roDecton.
'*0 . In t+ese selfC$roDectons 8e +a2e before )s1 I do not sa" t+e 'ost
)sef)l1 b)t t+e 'ost e#traordnar" ac+e2e'ent of t+e +)'an 8ll. 6+at +i,
HOM- can le f)rt+er o)tsde an" 3no8n ca$act" t+an t+e $o8er to ca)se a
se'blance of oneself to a$$ear at a dstanceW 6+at can be a 'ore centra
acton'ore 'anfestl" t+e o)tco'e of 8+atsoe2er s dee$est and 'ost
)ntar" n 'an5s 8+ole ben&W -ere1 ndeed1 be&ns t+e D)stfcaton of t+e
conce$ton e#$ressed at t+e be&nnn& of t+s c+a$terGt+at 8e s+o)ld no8
see t+e s)bl'nal self no lon&er as a 'ere c+an of eddes or bac38aters1 n
so'e 8a" secl)ded fro' t+e 'an strea' of 'an5s ben&1 b)t rat+er as tself
t+e central and $otent c)rrent1 t+e 'ost tr)l" dentfable 8t+ t+e 'an
+'self. Ot+er ac+e2e'ents +a2e t+er 'anfest l'tG 8+ere s t+e l't
+ereW T+e s$rt +as s+o8n tself n $art dssocated fro' t+e or&ans'G to
8+at $ont 'a" ts dssocaton &oW It +as s+o8n so'e nde$endence1 so'e
ntell&ence1 so'e $er'anence. To 8+at de&ree of ntell&ence1
nde$endence1 $er'anence1 'a" t conce2abl" attanW Of all 2tal
$+eno'ena1 I sa"1 t+s s t+e 'ost s&nfcantG t+s selfC$roDecton s t+e one
defnte act 8+c+ t see's as t+o)&+ a 'an '&+t $erfor' eE)all" 8ell
before and after bodl" deat+.
+i,HON-
APPENDICES
TO
CHAPTER II
(0* A . (o'e str3n& cases of for&otten terrors &2n& rse to +"stercal
attac3s1 8+c+ +a2e been c)red b" t+e s3lf)l )se of +"$notc s)&&eston1 are
&2en n ,rs. Ra"'ond and 7anet5s N;vroses et (d;es $i0es.
T+e boo3 contans 'an" e#a'$les of f#ed s)bconsco)s deas9 at
2aro)s de$t+s of s)b'er&ence1 t+e 'ost co'$letel" for&otten ben& often
t+e 'ost $otent for 'sc+ef. % f#ed 'e'or" of t+s 3nd1 re'o2ed1 so to
sa"1 fro' t+e &eneral 'ental crc)laton1 'a" act n $recsel" t+e sa'e 8a"
as an act)al leson to 'otor ner2es1 nd)cn& defnte $+"scal dsCabltes.
T+e contracton $erssts19 sa"s ,r. 7anet of one s)c+ case (2ol. . $.
;<<)1 beca)se t+e emotion $erssts1 n2ol2n& al8a"s t+e sa'e
$s"c+olo&cal and $+"solo&cal conseE)ences. It s1 so to sa"1 a $i0ed
emotion a 2aret" of f#ed dea of 8+c+ 8e fro' o)tsde can see onl" one
e#teror 'anfestaton1 8+le t+e $atent +erself s )na8are of t+e nteror
$+eno'enon 8+c+ deter'nes t.9
To atte'$t to c)re s)c+ $atents 8t+o)t frst dsco2ern& t+e tr)e ca)se
of 'sc+ef b" so'e a)to'atc 'essa&e (as 8rtn&1 or cr"stal 2son1 or
)tterance n +"$notc trance) 8+c+ e'anates fro' s)bl'nal strata of t+er
ben&1 s l3e tr"n& to o$en a secret dra8er 8t+o)t +a2n& dsco2ered t+e
s$rn&.
B)t ,r. 7anet fnds t+at +"$notc s)&&eston1)sed 8t+ &reat $atence
and tact1s able &rad)all" to re'o2e a &reat n)'ber of t+ese 'ental
s$as's and nsstent 'e'ores. It s not1 of co)rse1 eno)&+ to 'a3e t+e
s)&&eston cr)del" and bl)ntl". In order to enable t to taBe, t ')st be
&rafted adrotl" )$on t+e $atent5s 'ental condton of t+e 'o'ent. 4rst of
all1 one ')st dsco2er t+e +dden so)rces of +er tro)bleof 8+c+ so)rces1
stran&el" eno)&+1 s+e s often +erself )nCa8areand t+en one ')st
&rad)all" s)&&est s)ccess2e sl&+t 'odfcatons n t+e $anf)l 'e'or".
T+e ncdent 8+c+ &a2e "o) t+e s+oc3 8as not so bad as "o) t+n3G t
reall" +a$$ened t+)s and t+)s19 sa"s ,r. 7anet1 )ntl at last t+e old +orror s
for&otten1 or transfor'ed nto so'et+n& &rotesE)e or nnoc)o)s.
T+)s one $atent s led to bele2e t+at t+e +a)ntn& 8ord c+olera9 +i,
HOO- s reall" t+e na'e of a C+nese &eneralG anot+er1 8+o +as lo2ed not
8sel"1 b)t too 8ell1 s nd)ced to see t+e lo2er of +er +all)cnator"
'e'ores 8t+ +ead transfor'ed nto a $&5s1 and )nder&oes a re2)lson of
feeln&1 > a Ttana (2ol. . $. *;?).
%not+er c)ro)s case (2ol. . $. .?B) n 8+c+ +"$nots' frst e#$laned
t+e tro)ble and t+en dd ')c+ to a'end t1 s t+at of a bo"1 Ro)19 8+ose
s+ort lfe +as been $lentf)ll" nters$ersed 8t+ +"stercal f)&)es9 or
esca$ades1 of 8+c+ (l3e %nsel Bo)rne1 ((, A) +e loses all 'e'or" 8+en
+e ret)rns to nor'al lfe. -e co'es to +'self s)ddenl"n a forest1 n a
con2ent1 n a streetC$assa&eand1 as I sa"1 re'e'bers not+n&1 e#ce$t an
occasonal drenching fro' ran or r2er1 8+c+ +as1 n fact1 for t+e 'o'ent
$artall" a8a3ened +' fro' +s so'na'b)lc state. -"$notsaton1
+o8e2er1 brn&s bac3 t+e 'e'or" of t+e f)&)es9 (D)st as t dd 8t+ %nsel
Bo)rne)1 and 8e fnd t+at t+e" +a2e all been t+e 8or3n& o)t of an id;e $i0e
t+at of &on& to sea as a cabnCbo". ,)rn& t+ese f)&)es9 t+e lad 8as
anFst+etc1 and conseE)entl" end)red c+eerf)ll" e#traordnar" +ards+$s1
allo8n& +'self 8t+ $erfect insouciance to be treated b" ro)&+ canalC'en
l3e a beast of b)rden. +"$notc s)&&eston 8as able to a2ert t+ese f)&)esG9
8+ene2er t+e bo" 8as d'l" consco)s t+at t+e" 8ere co'n& on1 alt+o)&+
+s bran 8as too $rofo)ndl" affected to 'a3e t+e $ro&noss a +o$ef)l one.
/an" of t+ese cases re'nd )s of t+e narrat2es of ,rs. Bre)er and
4re)d1 n t+er Studien Rber 'ysterie (of 8+c+ acco)nts are &2en abo2e1 n
sectons (1* and (1)). I &2e as a sa'$le one case of t+s t"$e (7anet1 2ol. .
$. .;<)1 8+ere +"stercal attac3s de$endn& on t+e re22al of a sc+e'e of
e'oton 5;tat ;moti$ syst;matique6 8+c+ +as beco'e s)bconsco)s are
c)red b" t+s sa'e $rocess of frst discovering, and t+en &rad)all"
removing, t+e alar'n& 'e'or".
% &rl of e&+teen1 des&nated as Le1 +as s)ffered for t8o "ears fro'
al'ost dal" con2)ls2e attac3s. Eac+ attac3 constt)tes a re22al of a $ast
scene1 constt)tn& n r)d'entar" for' a secondar" state of $ersonalt".
T+e attac3 be&ns 8t+ s"nco$e1 and t+e ret)rn to consco)s lfe s a ret)rn
to a condton of terror1 8t+ cres of L)cen1 L)cen19 as f a$$ealn& to
so'e one for defenceG t+en s+e r)s+es to t+e 8ndo8 and cres T+e2esZ9
and t+en &rad)all" reCenters +er ordnar" state. %s3ed 8+at s+e can
re'e'ber of s)c+ a scene1 t+e &rl can recollect not+n&. (+e t+n3s t+at +er
attac3s 8ere or&nall" nd)ced b" dstress and fear at t+e s&+t of +er
fat+er5s dr)n3enness. (+e 3no8s no one called L)cen. (+e ca'e to Pars
alone1 and t+ere see's to be no e#ternal 8a" of s)$$l"n& an" $ossble
defect n +er 'e'or".
-"$nots'1 +o8e2er1 co'es $ro'$tl" to t+e $+"scan5s ad. T+ro8n
nto t+e +"$notc slee$1 t+e $atent reco2ers at once t+e detals of a tra&c
stor" of +er c+ld+oodof an ns)lt offered to +er1 fro' 8+c+ a L)cen9
+ad defended +er1 and of a t+eft at t+e c+gtea) 8+ere s+e 8or3ed1 8+c+
follo8ed a fe8 da"s later. T+ese terrf"n& e2ents &a2e +i,IPP- rse to
attac3s of s"nco$e1 so'na'b)ls'1 &c.1and t+ose attac3s +ad no81 n
t+er t)rn1 oblterated t+e 'e'or" of t+e e2ents fro' t+e $atent5s 8a3n&
'nd. 6+en s+e 8as re'nded of t+e'1 t+e" &rad)all" rec)rred to +er1 and
at t+e sa'e 'o'ent t+e con2)ls2e attac3s 8+c+ +ad been tro)bln& +er
'ore or less e2er snce t+e e2ents occ)rred entrel" ceased.
-ere s anot+er re'ar3able case ($. .<A) of t+e effcac" of +"$notc
s)&&eston1 frst n dsco2ern& t+e nat)re of a 'ental conf)son1 and t+en n
c)rn& t. % "o)n& offcer1 P3.1 s bro)&+t to t+e (al$OtrPre1 +a2n& fallen
do8n n t+e C+a'$s El"sUes1 and see'n& entrel" be8ldered on rsn& )$
a&an. %rr2ed at t+e +os$tal1 +e +olds o)t +s +and to ,r. 7anet1 and
addresses +' as ,r. !.a doctor at a 'ltar" +os$tal at Brest. %s3ed
8+at +e 'eans1 and 8+ere +e s)$$oses +'self to be1 +e re$les1 6e are at
t+e 'ltar" +os$tal at Brest1 and "o) are ,r. !. T+e" bro)&+t 'e +ere a
fe8 da"s a&on /a" *A@B.9 %s a 'atter of fact1 t+s occ)rred on 7)l" Bt+1
*A@?. !e#t da" t+e $atent s n a dfferent $+ase1 and 3no8s E)te 8ell t+at
+e s n Pars1 alt+o)&+ +e re'e'bers not+n& abo)t 'a&nn& +'self to be
at Brest. On nE)r" t a$$ears t+at t+s "o)n& 'an of t8ent"Ce&+t s
s)ffern& fro' t+e co'bned effects of t"$+od1 d"senter"1 'ars+Cfe2er1
s)nstro3e1 an )nfort)nate 'arra&e1 and a tendenc" to absnt+e. T+ese
tro)bles +a2e 'ade +' +"stercal1 so t+at f +e rece2es an" s+oc3 or
st')l)sas a t+reat of d2orce or a &lass of brand"+e s a$t to beco'e
)nconsco)s1 and t+en to act n all sorts of odd 8a"s1 tll +e 8a3es )$ a&an
n s)r$rse1 and 8t+ no recollecton.
4ort)natel" +e can be t+ro8n at once nto a so'na'b)lc state 8+c+
brn&s bac3 t+e 'e'or" of t+e s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls's. -e s t+en able
to e#$lan +o8 +e ca'e to s)$$ose +'self to be n t+e +os$tal at Brest1 and
n t+e "ear *A@B. -e +ad1 n fact1 8+le 8al3n& n t+e C+a'$s El"sUes1
been $lannn& to a$$l" for treat'ent n a 'ltar" +os$tal1 and calc)latn&
t+at b" abo)t /a" *A@B +e 8o)ld be n t+e +os$tal at Brest1 8+ere +e 3ne8
t+e aforesad ,r. !. 4alln& nto +s secondar" state1 +e +ad no lon&er t+e
ablt" to dstn&)s+ bet8een t+s re2ere and realt"G and t+e contn)n&
re2ere s)bstt)ted tself for t+e act)al s)rro)ndn&s1 so t+at +e 'a&ned
+'self to be alread" n t+e Brest +os$tal1 as f +s calc)laton +ad alread"
8or3ed tself o)t.
(o soon as +s e#cess2e 'odfablt" +ad t+)s been dsco2ered1 t 8as
co'$arat2el" eas" to &2e +' t+e s)&&estons needed to set r&+t +s +abts
and to ns$re +' 8t+ stren&t+ for t+e f)t)re. -e +as snce dstn&)s+ed
+'self n 'ltar" ser2ce abroad.
((1 A . It s 8ell 3no8n t+at a &reat 2aret" of sl&+t ca)ses+)n&er1
fat&)e1 sl&+t $osonn& b" '$)re ar1 a s'all de&ree of fe2er1 &c.are
so'et'es eno)&+ to $rod)ce a transent $ert)rbaton of $ersonalt" of t+e
'ost 2olent 3nd. I &2e as an nstance t+e follo8n& acco)nt of a fe2ers+
e#$erence1 sent to 'e b" t+e late Robert Lo)s (te2enson1 fro' (a'oa1 n
*A@. (and $)bls+ed n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. @). In +i,IPG-
(te2enson5s $a$er on +s o8n drea's1 all)ded to n 31+ , 8e +a2e one of t+e
'ost str3n& e#a'$les 3no8n to 'e of t+at +el$f)l and $rod)ct2e
s)bl'nal )$r)s+ 8+c+ I +a2e c+aractersed as t+e 'ec+ans' of &en)s. It
s1 t+erefore1 nterestn& to obser2e +o81 )nder 'orbd condtons1 t+s
te'$era'ent of &en)st+s read" $er'eablt" of t+e $s"c+cal da$+ra&'
transfor's 8+at '&+t n ot+ers be a 'ere 2a&)e and 'ass2e dsco'fort
nto a 22d t+o)&+ nco+erent 'essa&e fro' t+e s)bl'nal stor' and fre.
T+e res)lt s a 3nd of s)$ral'nal d)alt"1 t+e $erce$ton at t+e sa'e t'e
of t8o $ersonaltest+e one ratonal and 'oral1 t+e ot+er belon&n& to t+e
strat)' of drea's and n&+t'are.
V%ILI/% PL%!T%TIO!1 :PO-O1 (%/O%! I(L%!,(1
1uy *<th, *A@..
,E%R /R. /YER(1I a' te'$ted to co'')ncate to "o) so'e
e#$erences of 'ne 8+c+ see' to 'e (&norant as I a') of a +&+
$s"c+olo&cal nterest.
I +ad nfa'o)s bad +ealt+ 8+en I 8as a c+ld and s)ffered ')c+ fro'
n&+t fearsG b)t fro' t+e a&e of abo)t t+rteen )ntl I 8as $ast t+rt" I dd not
3no8 8+at t 8as to +a2e a +&+ fe2er or to 8ander n '" 'nd. (o t+at
t+ese e#$erences1 8+en t+e" 8ere rene8ed1 ca'e )$on 'e 8t+ entre
fres+nessG and et+er I a' a $ec)lar s)bDect1 or I 8as t+)s enabled to
obser2e t+e' 8t+ )n)s)al closeness.
E#$erence %. ,)rn& an llness at !ce I la" a8a3e a 8+ole n&+t n
e#tre'e $an. 4ro' t+e be&nnn& of t+e e2enn& one part o$ my mind
beca'e $ossessed of a noton so &rotesE)e and s+a$eless t+at t 'a" best be
descrbed as a for' of 8ords. I t+o)&+t t+e $an 8as1 or 8as connected
8t+1 a 8s$ or col of so'e sortG I 3ne8 not of 8+at t conssted nor "et
8+ere t 8as1 and cared notG onl" I t+o)&+t1 f t+e t8o ends 8ere bro)&+t
to&et+er1 t+e $an 8o)ld cease. !o8 all t+e t'e1 8t+ another part o$ my
mind, 8+c+ I 2ent)re to t+n3 8as myse$, I 8as f)ll" al2e to t+e abs)rdt"
of t+s dea1 3ne8 t to be a 'ar3 of '$ared sant"1 and 8as en&a&ed 8t+
my other se$ in a $er$et)al conflct. 2yse$ +ad not+n& 'ore at +eart t+an
to 3ee$ fro' '" 8fe1 8+o 8as n)rsn& 'e1 an" +nt of t+s rdc)lo)s
+all)cnatonG t+e other 8as bo)nd t+at s+e s+o)ld be told of t and ordered
to effect t+e c)re. I bele2e t ')st +a2e been 8ell on n t+e 'ornn& before
t+e fe2er (or the other $eo#) tr)'$+ed1 and I called '" 8fe to '"
bedsde1 seNed +er sa2a&el" b" t+e 8rst1 and loo3n& on +er 8t+ a face of
f)r"1 credJ 6+" do "o) not $)t t+e t8o ends to&et+er and $)t 'e o)t of
$anW9
E#$erence B. T+e ot+er da" n ("dne" I 8as seNed on a (at)rda" 8t+
a +&+ fe2er. Earl" n t+e afternoon I be&an to re$eat 'ec+ancall" t+e so)nd
)s)all" 8rtten '+n19 ca)&+t '"self n t+e act1 nstantl" sto$$ed t1 and
e#$laned to '" 'ot+er1 8+o 8as n t+e roo'1 '" reasons for so don&.
T+at s t+e be&nnn& of t+e 'nd to 8ander19 I sad1 and +as to be ressted
at t+e o)tset.9 I fell aslee$ and 8o3e1 and for t+e rest of t+e n&+t re$eated to
'"self 'entall" a nonsense 8ord 8+c+ I co)ld not recall ne#t 'ornn&. I
+ad been readn& t+e da" before t+e lfe of (8ft1 and all n&+t lon& one $art
of '" 'nd 5the other $eo#6 3e$t nfor'n& 'e t+at I 8as not re$eatn& t+e
8ord '"self1 b)t 8as onl" readn& n a boo3 t+at (8ft +ad so re$eated t n
+s last sc3ness. T+e te'$taton to co'')ncate t+s +i,IPH- nonsense 8as
a&an stron&l" felt b" myse$, b)t 8as on t+s occason tr)'$+antl" ressted1
and '" 8atc+er +eard fro' 'e all n&+t not+n& of ,ean (8ft or t+e 8ord1
not+n& b)t 8+at 8as ratonal and to t+e $ont. (o ')c+ for t+e t8o
consco)snesses 8+en I can dsentan&le t+e'G b)t t+ere s a $art of '"
t+o)&+ts t+at I +a2e 'ore dffc)lt" n attrb)tn&. One $art of '" 'nd
contn)all" bd 'e re'ar3 t+e transratonal felct" of t+e 8ord1 e#a'ned
all t+e s"llables1 s+o8ed 'e t+at not one 8as n tself s&nfcant1 and "et t+e
8+ole e#$ressed to a ncet" t+e 2ol)'no)s dstress of one n a +&+ fe2er
and +s anno"ance at and recol fro' t+e attentons of +s n)rses. It 8as
$robabl" t+e sa'e $art (and for a &)ess the other $eo#) 8+o bd 'e
co'$are t 8t+ t+e nonsense 8ords of Le8s Carroll as t+e n2enton of a
l)natc 8t+ t+ose of a sane 'an. B)t s)rel" t 8as myse$ (and '"self n a
$erfectl" clearC+eaded state) t+at 3e$t 'e tr"n& all n&+t to &et t+e 8ord b"
+eart1 on t+e &ro)nd t+at t 8o)ld after8ards be )sef)l n lterat)re f I
8anted to deal 8t+ 'ad fol3. It ')st +a2e been '"self1 I sa"1 beca)se the
other $eo# bele2ed (or $retended to bele2e) +e 8as readn& t+e $assa&e n
a boo3 8+ere t co)ld al8a"s be fo)nd a&an 8+en 8anted.
E#$erence C. T+e ne#t n&+t the other $eo# +ad an e#$lanaton read"
for '" s)ffern&s1 of 8+c+ I can onl" sa" t+at t +ad so'et+n& to do 8t+
t+e na2"1 t+at t 8as s+eer )ndl)ted nonsense1 +ad net+er end nor
be&nnn&1 and 8as ns)sce$tble of ben& e#$ressed n 8ords. 2yse$ 3ne8
t+sG "et I &a2e 8a"1 and '" 8atc+er 8as fa2o)red 8t+ so'e references to
t+e na2". !or onl" t+atG the other $eo# 8as anno"edor ( 8as anno"ed
on t8o nconsstent acco)ntsJ frst1 beca)se +e +ad faled to 'a3e +s
'eann& co'$re+ensbleG and second1 beca)se t+e n)rse ds$la"ed no
nterest. The other $eo# 8o)ld +a2e l3ed to e#$lan f)rt+erG b)t myse$
8as ')c+ +)rt at +a2n& been &ot nto t+s false $oston1 and 8o)ld be led
no f)rt+er.
In cases % and C t+e ll)son 8as a'or$+o)s. I 3ne8 t to be so1 and "et
s)cc)'bed to t+e te'$taton of tr"n& to co'')ncate t. In case B t+e dea
8as co+erent1 and I 'ana&ed to +old '" $eace. Bot+ consco)snesses1 n
ot+er 8ords1 8ere less affected n case B1 and bot+ 'ore affected n cases %
and C. It s $er+a$s not al8a"s soJ t+e ll)son '&+t be co+erent1 e2en
$ractcal1 and t+e ratonal a)t+ort" of t+e 'nd E)te n abe"ance. 6o)ld
not t+at be l)nac"W
In case % I +ad an absol)te 3no8led&e t+at I 8as o)t of '" 'nd1 and
t+at t+ere 8as no 'eann& n '" 8ordsG t+ese 8ere t+e 2er" facts t+at I 8as
an#o)s to concealG and "et 8+en I s)cc)'bed to t+e te'$taton of
s$ea3n&1 '" face 8as con2)lsed 8t+ an&er1 and I 8r)n& '" 8atc+er5s
8rst 8t+ cr)elt". -ere s acton1 )nnat)ral and )nc+aracterstc acton1
flo8n& fro' an dea n 8+c+ I +ad no belef1 and 8+c+ I +ad been
concealn& for +o)rs as a $lan 'ar3 of aberraton. Is t not so 8t+ l)natcsW
I +a2e called t+e one $erson my se$, and t+e ot+er the other $eo#. It
8as '"self 8+o s$o3e and actedG t+e ot+er fello8 see'ed to +a2e no
control of t+e bod" or t+e ton&)eG +e co)ld onl" act t+ro)&+ '"self1 on
8+o' +e bro)&+t to bear a +ea2" stran1 ressted n one case1 tr)'$+ant n
t+e t8o ot+ers. Yet I a' te'$ted to t+n3 t+at I 3no8 t+e ot+er fello8G I a'
te'$ted to t+n3 +e s t+e drea'er descrbed n '" C+a$ter on ,rea's to
8+c+ "o) refer. -ere at least s a drea' belon&n& to t+e sa'e $erod1 b)t
t+s t'e a $)re drea'1 an ll)son1 I 'ean1 t+at dsa$$eared 8t+ t+e ret)rn
of t+e sense of s&+t1 not one t+at $erse2ered d)rn& 8a3n& 'o'ents1 and
8+le I 8as able +i,IPI- to s$ea3 and ta3e '" 'edcne. It occ)rred t+e da"
after case B and before case C.
Case ,. In t+e afternoon t+ere s$ran& )$ a stor' of 8nd 8t+
'onstro)s clo)ds of d)stG '" roo' loo3ed on a stee$ +ll of trees 8+ose
bo)&+s 8ere all blo8n& n t+e sa'e drectonG t+e 8orld see'ed to $ass b"
'" 8ndo8s l3e a 'llCrace. B" t+s t)r'ol and 'o2e'ent I 8as conf)sed1
b)t not dstressed1 and s)r$rsed not to be dstressedG for e2en n &ood +ealt+
a +&+ 8nd +as often a $anf)l nfl)ence on '" ner2es. In t+e 'dst of t+s I
doNed off aslee$. I +ad D)st been readn& (cott5s HLfe of ,r"den1I +ad been
str)c3 8t+ t+e fact t+at ,r"den +ad translated so'e of t+e Latn +"'ns1 and
+ad 8ondered t+at I +ad ne2er re'ar3ed t+e' n +s 8or3s. %s soon as I
8as aslee$ I drea'ed a reason 8+" t+e so)nd of t+e 8nd and t+e s&+t of
t+e fl"n& d)st +ad not dstressed 'e. T+ere 8as no 8nd1 t see'ed1 no
d)stG t 8as onl" ,r"den sn&n& +s translated +"'ns n one direction, and
all t+ose 8+o +ad bla'ed and attac3ed +' after t+e Re2ol)ton sn&n&
t+e' n another. T+s $ont of t+e t8o drectons s 2er" sn&)lar and nsane.
In $art t 'eant t+at ,r"den 8as contn)o)sl" fl"n& $ast "et ne2er $assn&
'" 8ndo8 n t+e drecton of t+e 8nd and d)st1 and all +s detractors
s'larl" fl"n& $ast "et not $assn& to8ards t+e ot+er sde. B)t t a$$led1
besdes t+s1 bot+ to t+e 8ords and to t+e ')sc n a 'anner 8+oll"
ns)sce$tble of e#$resson.
T+at 8as a drea'G and "et +o8 e#actl" t re$rod)ces t+e 'et+od of my
other $eo# 8+le I 8as a8a3e. -ere s an e#$lanaton for a state of 'nd or
bod" so)&+t1 and fo)nd1 n a tss)e of rabd1 co'$lcated1 and ne#$ressble
foll".Yo)rs 2er" sncerel"1
ROBERT LO:I( (TEVE!(O!.
((( A . % &ood e#a'$le of t+e a$$lcaton of tr)e scentfc 'et+od to
$roble's 8+c+ doctors of t+e old sc+ool dd not t+n3 8ort+ t+er scence
s ,r. 7anet5s treat'ent of a sn&)lar $roble' 8+c+ t+e 'sta3es of br)tal
&norance t)rned n old t'es nto a 2ertable sco)r&e of o)r race. I s$ea3 of
demoniaca possession, n 8+c+ afflcton ,r. 7anet +as s+o8n +'self a
better t+an ecclesastcal e#orcst.
I &2e +ere a t"$cal case of $se)doC$ossesson fro' N;vroses et (d;es
$i0es (2ol. . $$. ;==K;A@)J %c+lle1 as Professor 7anet calls +'1 8as a t'd
and rat+er 'orbd "o)n& 'an1 b)t +e 8as 'arred to a &ood 8fe1 and
not+n& 8ent s$ecall" 8ron& 8t+ +' )ntl +s ret)rn fro' a b)sness
Do)rne" n *A@>. -e t+en beca'e so'bre and tact)rnso'et'es e2en
see'ed )nable to s$ea3t+en too3 to +s bed and la" ')r')rn&
nco'$re+ensble 8ords1 and at last sad fare8ell to +s 8fe and c+ldren1
and stretc+ed +'self o)t 'otonless for a co)$le of da"s1 8+le +s fa'l"
8ated for +s last breat+.
()ddenl" one 'ornn&1 after t8o da"s of a$$arent deat+1 %c+lle sat )$
n bed 8t+ +s e"es 8de o$en1 and b)rst nto a terrble la)&+. It 8as a
con2)ls2e la)&+ 8+c+ s+oo3 all +s l'bsG an e#a&&erated la)&+ 8+c+
t8sted +s 'o)t+G a l)&)bro)s1 satanc la)&+ 8+c+ 8ent on for 'ore t+an
t8o +o)rs.
4ro' t+s 'o'ent e2er"t+n& 8as c+an&ed. %c+lle lea$t fro' +s bed
and ref)sed all attentons. To e2er" E)eston +e ans8ered1 HT+ere5s not+n&
to be doneZ let5s +a2e so'e c+a'$a&neG t5s t+e end of t+e +i,IPJ- 8orldZI
T+en +e )ttered $ercn& cres1 HT+e" are b)rnn& 'et+e" are c)ttn& 'e
to $ecesZI9
%fter an a&tated slee$1 %c+lle 8o3e )$ 8t+ t+e con2cton t+at +e 8as
$ossessed 8t+ a de2l. %nd n fact +s 'o)t+ no8 )ttered blas$+e'es1 +s
l'bs 8ere contorted1 and +e re$eatedl" 'ade )ns)ccessf)l efforts at
s)cde. :lt'atel" +e 8as ta3en to t+e (al$OtrPre1 and $laced )nder
Professor 7anet1 8+o reco&nsed at once t+e classc s&ns of $ossesson. T+e
$oor 'an 3e$t $rotestn& a&anst t+e odo)s o)tra&es on rel&on1 8+c+ +e
attrb)ted to a de2l nsde +'1 'o2n& +s ton&)e a&anst +s 8ll. %c+lle
co)ld sa"1 l3e a celebrated 2ct' of $ossesson1 PPre ()rn1 HIt s as t+o)&+
I +ad t8o so)lsG one of 8+c+ +as been ds$ossessed of ts bod" and t+e )se
of ts or&ans1 and s frantc at t+e s&+t of t+e ot+er so)l 8+c+ +as cre$t n.I9
It 8as b" no 'eans eas" to &et et+er at %c+lle or at +s $ossessn&
de2l. %tte'$ts to +"$notse +' faled1 and an" re'onstrance 8as 'et 8t+
ns)lt. B)t t+e 8l" $s"c+olo&st 8as acc)sto'ed to s)c+ dffc)ltes1 and
+ad resort to a $lan too nsdo)s for a co''on de2l to s)s$ect. -e &entl"
'o2ed t+e +and of %c+lle n s)c+ a 8a" as to s)&&est t+e act of 8rtn&1
and +a2n& t+)s s)cceeded n startn& a)to'atc scr$t1 +e &ot t+e de2l t+)s
to ans8er E)estons E)etl" $)t 8+le t+e ra2n& 8as &on& on as )s)al. I
8ll not bele2e n "o)r $o8er19 sad Professor 7anet to t+e 'al&nant
ntr)der1 )nless "o) &2e 'e a $roof.9 6+at $roofW9 Rase t+e $oor
'an5s left ar' 8t+o)t +s 3no8n& t.9 T+s 8as doneto t+e astons+'ent
of $oor %c+lleand a seres of s)&&estons follo8ed1 all of 8+c+ t+e
de'on tr)'$+antl" and )ns)s$ectn&l" carred o)t1 to s+o8 +s $o8er.
T+en ca'e t+e s)&&eston to 8+c+ Professor 7anet +ad been leadn& )$. It
8as l3e &ettn& t+e dDnn nto t+e bottle. Yo) cannot $)t %c+lle so)ndl" to
slee$ n t+at ar'Cc+arZ9 Yes1 I canZ9 !o sooner sad t+an done1 and no
sooner done t+an %c+lle 8as del2ered fro' +s tor'entorfro' +s o8n
tor'entn& self.
4or t+ere n t+at +"$notc slee$ +e 8as &entl" led on to tell all +s stor"G
and s)c+ stores1 8+en told to a s3lled and 3ndl" a)dtor1 are a$t to co'e
to an end n t+e 2er" act of ben& told.
%c+lle +ad been l2n& n a da"Cdrea'G t 8as a da"Cdrea' 8+c+ +ad
s8ollen to t+ese n&+t'are $ro$ortons1 and +ad1 as t 8ere1 o)sted +s
ratonal ben&G and n t+e dee$er selfC3no8led&e 8+c+ t+e so'na'b)lc
state brn&s 8t+ t t+e drea' and t+e nter$retaton t+ereof beca'e $resent
to +s be8ldered 'nd.
T+e fact 8as t+at on t+at fatef)l Do)rne" 8+en %c+lle5s tro)bles be&an
+e +ad co''tted an act of )nfat+f)lness to +s 8fe. % &loo'" an#et" to
conceal t+s acton $ro'$ted +' to an ncreasn& tact)rnt"1 and 'orbd
fances as to +s +ealt+ &re8 on +' )ntl at last +s da"Cdrea' led +' to
'a&ne +'self as act)all" dead. -s t8o da"sI let+ar&" 8as b)t an
e$sode1 a c+a$ter n t+e lon& drea'.9
+i,IPK-
6+at t+en 8as t+e nat)ral ne#t sta&e of t+e drea'5s de2elo$'entW -e
drea't t+at1 no8 t+at +e 8as dead ndeed1 t+e de2l rose fro' t+e ab"ss and
ca'e to ta3e +'. T+e $oor 'an1 as n +s so'na'b)lc state +e retraced t+e
seres of +s drea's1 re'e'bered t+e $recse nstant 8+en t+s la'entable
e2ent too3 $lace. It 8as abo)t ** %./.J a do& bar3ed n t+e co)rt at t+e
'o'ent1 nco''oded1 no do)bt1 b" t+e s'ell of br'stoneG fla'es flled
t+e roo'G n)'bers of lttle fends sco)r&ed t+e )n+a$$" 'an1 or dro2e nals
nto +s e"es1 and t+ro)&+ t+e 8o)nds n +s bod" (atan entered n to ta3e
$ossesson of +ead and +eart.9
4ro' t+s $ont t+e $se)doC$ossesson 'a" be sad to +a2e be&)n. T+e
f#ed dea de2elo$ed tself nto sensor" and 'otor a)to'ats's2sons of
de2ls1 )ncontrollable )tterances1 a)to'atc scr$tascrbed b" t+e
a)to'atst to t+e $ossessn& de2l 8t+n.
%nd no8 ca'e t+e 'o'ent 8+en t+e 2eract"1 t+e )tlt"1 of t+s ne8
t"$e of $s"c+olo&cal anal"ss 8as to be s)b'tted to "et anot+er test. 4ro'
t+e $ont of 2e8 of t+e ordnar" $+"scan %c+lle5s condton 8as al'ost
+o$eless. P+"scal treat'ent +ad faled1 and deat+ fro' e#+a)ston and
'ser" see'ed near at +and. !or co)ld an" a$$eal +a2e been effect2e
8+c+ dd not &o to t+e +dden root of t+e e2l1 8+c+ dd not l&+ten t+e
load of 'orbd re'orse fro' 8+c+ t+e 8+ole seres of tro)bles +ad
de2elo$ed. 4ort)natel" for %c+lle1 +e 8as n t+e +ands of an )ns)r$assed
'nster to 'nds t+)s dseased. Professor 7anet ado$ted +s )s)al tactcs
8+at +e ter's t+e dissociation and t+e &rad)al substitution of deas. T+e
ncdents of t+e 'serable 'e'or" 8ere 'odfed1 8ere e#$laned a8a"1
8ere slo8l" dssol2ed fro' t+e broodn& bran1 and t+e +all)cnator" 'a&e
of t+e offended 8fe 8as $resented to t+e s)fferer at 8+at no2elsts call t+e
$s"c+olo&cal 'o'ent1 8t+ $ardon n +er e"es. ()c+ st)ff as drea's are
'ade ofZ9b)t e2en b" s)c+ 'eans 8as %c+lle restored to $+"scal and
'oral +ealt+G +e leads no8 t+e lfe of nor'al 'anG +e no lon&er 8al3et+ n
a 2an s+ado81 and dsE)etet+ +'self n 2an.9
Co'$are 8t+ t+s t+e 'edae2al case of (Q)r 7eanne9 . )3( B /.
Professor 4lo)rno"5s s)bDect -UlPne ('t+9 . )3+ K)+() s anot+er nstance
of $se)doC$ossesson19 t+o)&+ not b" 'a&nar" de'ons.
((3 A . T+e follo8n& s a case of alternatn& consco)snesses
a$$arentl" de2elo$ed o)t of accesses of slee$C8a3n&.9 T+e acco)nt s
ta3en fro' a $a$er b" ,r. Ellotson on Instances of ,o)ble (tates of
Consco)sness nde$endent of /es'ers'9 n t+e Soist, 2ol. 2. $. *?A1
ben& E)oted b" +' fro' t+e 8dinburgh &hiosophica Transactions of
*A...
,r. ,e2an read to t+e Ro"al (ocet" of Ednb)r&+1 n 4ebr)ar" *A..1
t+e +stor" of a case obser2ed b" ,r. ,"ce of %berdeen1 n a &rl s#teen
"ears old1 8+c+ lasted fro' /arc+ .nd to 7)ne **t+1 *A*?. T+e frst
s"'$to' 8as an )nco''on $ro$enst" to fall aslee$ n t+e e2enn&s. T+s
8as follo8ed b" t+e +abt of tal3n& n +er slee$ on t+ese occasons. One
e2enn& s+e fell aslee$ n +i,IPL- t+s 'annerJ 'a&nn& +erself an
E$sco$al cler&"'an1 s+e 8ent t+ro)&+ t+e cere'on" of ba$tNn& t+ree
c+ldren1 and &a2e an a$$ro$rate $ra"er. -er 'stress s+oo3 +er b" t+e
s+o)lders1 on 8+c+ s+e a8o3e1 and a$$eared )nconsco)s of e2er"t+n&1
e#ce$t t+at s+e +ad fallen aslee$1 of 8+c+ s+e s+o8ed +erself as+a'ed. (+e
so'et'es dressed +erself and t+e c+ldren 8+le n t+s stateYans8ered
E)estons $)t to +er n s)c+ a 'anner as to s+o8 t+at s+e )nderstood t+e
E)eston.Y One da"1 n t+s state1 s+e sat at brea3fast1 8t+ $erfect
correctness1 8t+ +er e"es s+)t. (+e after8ards a8o3e 8t+ t+e c+ld on +er
3nees1 and 8ondered +o8 s+e &ot on +er clot+es.Y (+e san& a +"'n
del&+tf)ll" 8+le n t+s state1 andYt a$$eared nco'$arabl" better done
t+an s+e co)ld acco'$ls+ 8+en a8a3e.Y T+e crc)'stances 8+c+
occ)rred d)rn& t+e $aro#"s' 8ere co'$letel" for&otten b" +er 8+en t+e
$aro#"s's 8ere o2er1 b)t 8ere $erfectl" re'ar3ed d)rn& s)bseE)ent
$aro#"s's.Y LOneM ()nda" s+e 8as ta3en to c+)rc+ b" +er 'stress 8+le
t+e $aro#"s' 8as on +er. (+e s+ed tears d)rn& t+e ser'on1 $artc)larl"
d)rn& t+e acco)nt &2en of t+e e#ec)ton of t+ree "o)n& 'en at Ednb)r&+
8+o +ad descrbed1 n t+er d"n& declaratons1 t+e dan&ero)s ste$s 8t+
8+c+ t+er career of nfa'" and 2ce too3 ts co''ence'ent. 6+en s+e
ret)rned +o'e s+e reco2ered n a E)arter of an +o)r1 8as E)te a'aNed at
t+e E)estons $)t to +er abo)t t+e c+)rc+ ser'on1 and dened t+at s+e +ad
been to an" s)c+ $laceG b)t ne#t n&+t on ben& ta3en ll s+e 'entoned t+at
s+e +ad been at c+)rc+1 re$eated t+e 8ords of t+e te#t1 and n ,r. ,"ce5s
+earn& &a2e an acc)rate acco)nt of t+e tra&cal narrat2e of t+e t+ree "o)n&
'en b" 8+c+ +er feeln&s +ad been so $o8erf)ll" affected.
((3 B . I &2e ne#t an earl" nstance of t+e 'et+od of el)cdaton of t+e
'ental condton n t+e secondar" state t+ro)&+ s)table e#$er'ents n
a)to'atc acton1t+e 'et+od 8+c+as 8e see n ot+er sectons of t+s
c+a$ter+as been so s)ccessf)ll" de2elo$ed n t+e +ands of ,r. 7anet and
ot+er $s"c+olo&sts.
,r. /esnet
*
records t+e case of a solder1 41 8+o rece2ed a
&)ns+ot 8o)nd n t+e +ead at (edan1 and 8as after8ards s)bDect to
$erodcal attac3s1 lastn& for abo)t a da" n eac+ 'ont+1 of a 3nd of
so'na'b)ls'1 d)rn& 8+c+ +e +ears1 tastes1 and s'ells not+n&G and
+ardl" sees at all e#ce$t 8+en t+e sense of to)c+ calls +s attenton to
obDects1 8+c+ +e can t+en1 as t see's1 see dstnctl".
,)rn& t+ese accesses +s actons see' $)rel" a)to'atc1 and are for t+e
'ost $art an e#act re$etton of +s e2er"da" 'ode of lfe at t+e +os$tal.
B)t b" tactle s)&&eston t+e 'e'or" can be 'ade to &o bac3 to an earler
e$oc+.
T+)s f a cane s $)t nto +s +and n a 8a" 8+c+ s)&&ests a rfle1 +e
&oes t+ro)&+ t+e 'o2e'ents1 and )tters t+e bref cres1 of battleJ -enrZ9
T+ere t+e" areZ at least a score of t+e'Z9 6e ')st tr" and settle t+s
bet8een )sZ9 &c.
!o8 let )s see n 8+at 8a" t+e act of 8rtn& re22fed $ast e#$erence.
I abrd&e ,r. /esnet5s acco)nt ($. *A seqq.) 8+c+ contans se2eral $onts
+i,IPM- of nterest. -e $assed +s +ands o2er t+e tableG felt t+e +andle of a
dra8erG o$ened t and too3 o)t a $en1 8+c+ at once e#cted n +' t+e dea
of 8rtn&. -e felt n t+e dra8er1 and too3 o)t so'e s+eets of $a$er and an
n3Cbottle. T+ese +e $laced on t+e table1 sat do8n1 and be&an a letter
addressed to +s &eneral1 )r&n& +s o8n &ood cond)ct and co)ra&e1 and
as3n& +s &eneral to endea2o)r to $roc)re for +' t+e 'ltar" 'edal.
T+e fa)lts of s$elln&1 &c.1 n t+e letter 8ere net+er 'ore nor less
n)'ero)s t+an 8as +abt)al 8t+ t+e s)bDect n +s nor'al state. T+e faclt"
8t+ 8+c+ +e 8rote1 3ee$n& to t+e tr)e lnes1 s+o8ed t+at +e sa8 8+at +e
8as don&. To test t+s1 8e re$eatedl" $laced a s+eet of ron bet8een +s
e"es and +and. -e contn)ed to 8rte a fe8 8ords lle&bl"1 t+en ceased to
8rte1 8t+o)t s+o8n& '$atence. 6+en t+e obstacle 8as re'o2ed +e
fns+ed t+e '$erfect lne1 and be&an anot+er. T+e sense of s&+t 8as
t+erefore needf)l to t+e 8rtten e#$resson of t+e s)bDect5s t+o)&+t.
T+e n3 n +s n3stand 8as t+en re$laced b" 8ater. -e $erce2ed t+e
fantness of t+e letters traced1 8$ed +s $en a&an and a&an1 b)t ne2er
loo3ed at t+e n3Cbottle. -s feld of 2son1 t see'ed1 8as a8a3ened b"
to)c+ alone1 and 8as l'ted to obDects 8t+ 8+c+ +e 8as act)all" n
contact.
-e 8as 8rtn& on a s+eet of $a$er 8+c+ la" on a $le of abo)t ten
s'lar s+eets. 6e E)c3l" dre8 t+s to$ s+eet a8a"1 and +s $en contn)ed
to 8rte on t+e second s+eet. 6+en +e +ad 8rtten abo)t ten 8ords on t+e
second s+eet 8e snatc+ed t+s also a8a"1 and +e contn)ed +s $+rase at
e#actl" t+e sa'e $ont on t+e t+rd s+eet. T+s $rocess 8as re$eated1 and on
t+e fft+ s+eet t+ere 8as not+n& b)t +s s&nat)re at t+e botto'.
!e2ert+eless1 +e read o2er and corrected +s letter on t+s blan3 fft+ s+eet1
scattern& sto$s and correctons o2er t+e e'$t" $a&e1 eac+ of 8+c+
corres$onded to 'sta3es 'ade on t+e coCordnate $onts of t+e $a&es 8+c+
+ad been snatc+ed a8a" fro' +'.9
On a later occason ($. .;) $ens 8ere $)t n +s 8a" a&anG and as soon
as +e to)c+ed t+e' +e sat do8n and be&an a letter to a frend1 t+s t'e
'a3n& an a$$ont'ent for t+e e2enn&1 after a concert at t+e ca$; of t+e
C+a'$s El"sUes1 at 8+c+ (as +e s)$$osed) +e +ad to sn&. (o'e sl&+t
c+an&e n t+e s)rro)ndn&s +ad carred +s a)to'atc re'nscence bac3 to
t+s ot+er $+ase of +s $ast career.
-ere1 t+en1 8e +a2e a)to'atc 8rtn&s a$$earn& to $roceed fro' t+e
8rter5s 3no8n $ersonalt"1 b)t $roDected bac38ards to an earler $ont of
t'e. T+e" 'a" be co'$ared 8t+ 8rtn&s $rofessn& to e'anate fro' a
$ersonalt" ot+er t+an t+e 8rter5s1 b)t at t+e $resent 'o'ent of t'e. 6e
s+all fnd1 I t+n31 t+at t+s s not necessarl" a dee$Cseated dstnctonG
rat+er t+at t+e a)to'atc 8rtn&1 8+le re$resentn& so'e dslocaton or
rearran&e'entso'e allotro$c for'19 as I +a2e else8+ere s)&&estedof
t+e 8rter5s $ersonalt"1 "et 'a" so'et'es ta3e ts s)$erfcal +i,IPN-
colo)r fro' so'e al'ost accdental crc)'stance1 so'e s)&&eston ro)nd
8+c+ t+e flo8 of 'ore or less nco+erent 'entaton cr"stallses nto
defnte s+a$e. T+e s)bDect s dsc)ssed f)ll" n C+a$ter VIII.
((+ A . T+e follo8n& case of n2ol)ntar" cr'e co''tted b" a bo"
na'ed (Tr&el1 n a state of secondar" consco)sness1 s s)''arsed fro' an
acco)nt &2en n t+e $a$er b" ,r. Ellotson1 alread" referred to n ((3 A
(Soist, 2ol. 2. $$. *=.K=@)1 ben& E)oted b" +' fro' %nsel' Rtter 2on
4e)erbac+5s
*
collecton of trals.
(Tr&el (sa"s ,r. Ellotson) 8as a $oor1 nnocent1 nd)stro)s "o)t+1
s)bDect frst to 2olent e$le$s"1 and t+en to $aro#"s's of second
consco)sness1 n 8+c+ +e +ad del)sons and )n&o2ernable cr'nal
$ro$enstes1 t+e 8+ole of 8+c+ +e 8as &norant of )$on ret)rnn& to +s
ordnar" state of consco)sness1 t+o)&+ n +s 'orbd state +e re'e'bered
t+e occ)rrences of +s nat)ral state.9 On (e$te'ber =t+1 *A.<1 n a state of
$ostCe$le$tc consco)sness1 (Tr&el ')rdered an old 8oodc)tter n a forest1
c+o$$n& off +s +ead and bot+ +s feet 8t+ one of +s o8n a#es. Ret)rnn&
fro' t+e forest1 (Tr&el told se2eral $eo$le 8+at +e +ad done. -e sad t+at +e
+ad dr)n3 a felon5s blood1 and t+at +e 8as no8 E)te 8ell1 as a felon5s blood
8as s)$$osed to be a c)re for t+e falln& sc3ness. -e also sad t+at a "ear
a&o so'e one +ad b)red +s blood on t+e +llG t+at +e +ad &one t+ere and
fo)nd t+e 'an 8+o +ad done t and +ad 3lled +'.
T+e ne#t da" (Tr&el 8as e#a'ned b" t+e cr'nal co)rt1 and re$eated
t+e sa'e stor"G +e 8as ta3en to see t+e bod"1 and reco&nsed t 8t+o)t t+e
sl&+test ar of e'barrass'ent or re'orse. %s an e#c)se for t+e ')rder1 +e
re$eatedl" sad t+at +e 3lled t+e 'an n order to drn3 +s blood and be
c)red b" t.
T+s state of consco)sness lasted a 8ee3. -e t+en ret)rned
s$ontaneo)sl" to +s nat)ral state. On (e$te'ber *?t+ t+e D)d&es fo)nd +'
E)etJ +s con2ersaton 8as co+erentG +s a$$earance and 'anner totall"
c+an&ed. -e dd not re'e'ber an"t+n& abo)t t+e ')rder1 b)t s)$$osed +e
')st +a2e co''tted t1 snce e2er" one told +' +e +ad. !or dd +e
re'e'ber +a2n& confessed to t+e cr'e1 or +a2n& been s+o8n +s 2ct'5s
bod". -e ad'tted +a2n& +eard t+at t+e blood of a felon 8as a c)re for t+e
falln& sc3ness1 b)t obser2ed t+at t+e 'an +e 3lled 8as no felon. E#a'ned
a&an1 (e$te'ber .At+1 t+e a#e 8as lad before +'J +e dd not 3no8 t.
!ot+n& ne8 co)ld be elcted. Of t+e $erod bet8een (e$te'ber =t+ and
*?t+1 +e onl" 3ne8 t+at +s +ead 8as 2er" conf)sed1 and t+at +e drea't all
'anner of nonsense.9 -e dd not re'e'ber t+e s)bstance of +s drea'sG
onl" one or t8o crc)'stances re'aned 8t+ +'1 as t+at t+e D)d&e +ad
2sted +' n $rson1 and t+at so'e one +ad +i,IPO- 8rtten at t+e table. -e
8as acE)tted of t+e cr'e1 as not ben& res$onsble for +s acton at t+e
t'e1 and ded a fe8 'ont+s later n a l)natc as"l)'.
% so'e8+at s'lar case of t+e $ostCe$le$tc t"$e 8as recorded b"
Ellotson n t+e Soist (2ol. . $$. ;<>K<@1 and 2ol. 2. $$. .;=K?.) as
+a2n& co'e )nder +s o8n obser2aton. T+e $atent1 a lad na'ed T+o'as
R)ssen1 +a2n& beco'e blnd1 deaf1 and d)'b after an e$le$tc ft1 8as
c)red b" 'es'erc9 treat'ent. T+ree 'ont+s later +e +ad anot+er seN)re
a$$arentl" d)e to a re'ar3 cas)all" o2er+eard abo)t deafness1 d)'bness1
and blndnessand 8as a&an c)red b" 'es'ers'19 b" /r. -. (.
T+o'$son.
%not+er case of a 'an 8+ose secondar" condton 8as c+aractersed b"
2olent cr'nal $ro$enstes 8as &2en n t+e 2edica Ne#s (P+ladel$+a1
:.(.%.)1 4ebr)ar" .*st1 *A@*1 n an artcle b" G. R. Tro8brd&e1 /.,.1
enttled % Case of E$le$s" 8t+ ,o)ble Consco)sness.9 T+s case s
E)oted n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .?B.
((, A . % f)ll acco)nt of t+e 8ellC3no8n case of %nsel Bo)rne 8as frst
$)bls+ed n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ..*K?A1 n a $a$er b" ,r.
-od&son1 enttled % Case of ,o)ble Consco)sness.9 I &2e e#tracts fro'
t+s $a$er1 as follo8sJ
T+e case 8+c+ I a' abo)t to relate +as 'an" $onts of nterest. T+e
secondar" condton +as1 so far as can be ascertaned1 occ)rred onl" once n
t+e lfet'e of t+e s)bDectG and t+e 'e'or" of t1 entrel" lost d)rn& 8a3n&
+o)rs1 s easl"1 t+o)&+ nco'$letel"1 bro)&+t bac3 b" $)ttn& t+e $atent
nto t+e +"$notc trance.
%nsel Bo)rne1 at t+e t'e of +s seN)re1 8as an tnerant $reac+er s#t"C
one "ears old1 and resdn& n t+e s'all to8n of Greene1 n t+e (tate of
R+ode Island. One 'ornn&1 8+lst a$$arentl" n +s )s)al state of +ealt+1 +e
dsa$$eared1 and n s$te of t+e $)blct" 8+c+ t+e ne8s$a$ers &a2e to t+e
fact1 and t+e efforts of t+e $olce to fnd +'1 +e re'aned )ndsco2ered for
a $erod of t8o 'ont+s1 at t+e end of 8+c+ t'e +e t)rned )$ at
!orrsto8n1 Penns"l2ana1 8+ere for t+e $re2o)s s# 8ee3s +e +ad been
3ee$n& a s'all 2aret" store )nder t+e na'e of %. 7. Bro8n1 a$$earn& to
+s ne&+bo)rs and c)sto'ers as a nor'al $erson1 b)t ben&1 as t 8o)ld
see'1 n a so'na'b)lstc condton all t+e 8+le. %s Elder Bo)rne5s lfe
$resents at least one ot+er ncdent of &reat nterest1 I s+all &2e a s3etc+ of
ts entre co)rse1 as an ntrod)cton to '" acco)nt of t+e e$sode 8+c+
for's t+e 'an s)bDect of t+s $a$er.
%nsel Bo)rne s of !e8 En&land $arenta&e1 and 8as born n !e8 Yor3
ct"1 7)l" At+1 *A.B. -s 'aternal &randfat+er lost +s 'nd9 late n lfe
(abo)t se2ent"9)1 b)t see's to +a2e +ad no ac)te for' of nsant". -s
fat+er beca'e dss$ated19 so t+at %nsel5s 'ot+er and +e se$arated 8+en
%nsel 8as onl" se2en "ears old1 and t+e bo"5s earl" lfe 8as s$ent n
$o2ert"1 8t+ lttle sc+ooln& and ')c+ 8or31 )ntl at t+e a&e of ffteen +e
8as set to learn t+e car$enter5s trade at Olne"2lle1 R+ode Island. 4ro' t+en
to t+e a&e of t+rt"Cone +e 8or3ed at +s trade at 2aro)s $laces n t+at state.
Ben& of a sero)s t)rn of 'nd1 +e read and st)ded a &ood deal n +s
les)re 'o'ents1 and fro' +a2n& beco'e a 'e'ber of t+e Ba$tst C+)rc+1
c+an&ed at last nto +i,IGP- a con2nced at+est1 not of t+e ds$)tato)s and
a&&ress2e sort1 b)t slent and st)bborn1 as +e s 8ont to be n ot+er 'atters
8+c+ are e#cl)s2el" +s o8n b)sness.9 /eant'e +e +ad 'arred1 n
*A?<1 and +ad c+ldren1 and n *A?= 8as l2n& at 6esterl"1 R+ode Island1
ne#t door to /r. Ta"lor1 'nster of t+e soCcalled C+rstan9 C+)rc+1 for
8+o' +e +ad co'e to c+ers+ a decded feeln& of en't". In relatn& t+e
crss of t+at "ear1 I abrd&e t+e acco)nt &2en n a $a'$+let
*
8+c+ +as +ad
a 8de crc)laton.
T+e follo8n& s a bref s)''ar" of t+e facts related n t+e $a'$+let1
8+c+ are &2en f)ll" n ,r. -od&son5s $a$erJ
On %)&)st Bt+1 *A?=1 %nsel Bo)rne 8as bro)&+t +o'e ll. T+n3n&
+'self reco2ered1 +e 8as 8or3n& a&an n +s &arden on %)&)st *<t+1 t+e
+ottest da" of t+e seasonG n t+e 'ddle of t+e da" +e e#$erenced ')c+ $an
n +s +ead1 b)t 8ent on 8or3n& at nter2als. On %)&)st *Bt+ +e s)ddenl"
beca'e )nconsco)s1 and t+s lasted for t8o da"s. T+e doctor 8+o attended
+' $)t t do8n to a se2ere s)nstro3e. -e reco2ered1 b)t +ad se2eral
rela$ses.
On 6ednesda"1 October .At+1 +e 8ent o)t for a 8al31 feeln& E)te 8ell.
%n )nacco)ntable dea s)ddenl" occ)rred to +' t+at +e o)&+t to &o to
c+)rc+G b)t +e sad to +'self t+at +e 8o)ld rat+er be str)c3 deaf and d)'b
for e2er t+an &o t+ere. % fe8 'n)tes later +e felt dNN"1 and sat do8n on a
stone b" t+e sde of t+e road. T+en1 n t+e 8ords of t+e $a'$+letJ In an
nstant t see'ed as t+o)&+ so'e $o8erf)l +and dre8 so'et+n& do8n o2er
+s +ead1 and t+en o2er +s face1 and fnall" o2er +s 8+ole bod"G de$r2n&
+' of +s s&+t1 +s +earn&1 and +s s$eec+1 and rendern& +' $erfectl"
+el$less. Yet +e +ad as $erfect $o8er of t+o)&+t as at an" t'e n +s lfe.
-s 'nd nstantl" 8ent bac3 to t+e conflct of +s t+o)&+ts1 so'e e&+t or
ten 'n)tes before. T+e terrble decson and c+oce1 HI 8o)ld rat+er be
str)c3 deaf and d)'b for e2er1 t+an &o to t+e C+rstan C+a$el1I ca'e
before +' 8t+ a8f)l s&nfcance. It see'ed t+at God +ad tr)l" ta3en +'
at +s 8ord1 and &2en +' 8+at +e +ad c+osen.9 -e 8as soon fo)nd and
carred +o'e n a 8a&&on. -e 8as $erfectl" sensble of e2er"t+n& t+at
+a$$enedG +e co)ld feel $erfectl"1 b)t co)ld not see1 +ear1 or s$ea31 so t+at
+e 8as t+o)&+t b" t+e doctor and +s frends to be entrel" )nconsco)s. -e
re'aned fr'l" con2nced t+at t+s 8as a D)d&'ent on +' for +s sns.
%bo)t t8ent"Cs# +o)rs after t+e seN)re +s s&+t 8as s)ddenl" restored1
and +e 8as t+en able to co'')ncate 8t+ +s frends n 8rtn&. -e co)ld
stll net+er +ear nor s$ea31 t+o)&+ +e co)ld )se +s ton&)e freel" n ot+er
8a"s. On !o2e'ber **t+1 at +s o8n desre1 +e 8as carred to t+e C+rstan
C+a$el19 and 8rote a 'essa&e on +s slate to be read to t+e con&re&aton1
anno)ncn& +s con2erson.
On t+e follo8n& ()nda"1 !o2e'ber *?t+1 +e 8ent a&an to t+e c+a$el
and 8rote anot+er 'essa&e to t+e sa'e effect to be read alo)d. %s a f)rt+er
s&n to t+e' of +s state of 'nd1 +e 8s+ed to stand )$ before t+e
con&re&aton and +i,IGG- +old )$ +s +ands. In t+e &eneral e'otonal
e#cte'ent t+at follo8ed t+e readn& of +s 'essa&e1 +e stood )$ n t+e
$)l$t and lfted )$ +s +and1 and n an nstant +s +earn& and s$eec+ 8ere
s)ddenl" restored1 and fro' t+at t'e on8ards +e +as al8a"s +ad t+e
co'$lete )se of +s fac)ltes.
T+e res)lt of t+ese e#$erences 8as to 'a3e +' ado$t t+e career of an
tnerant $reac+erG b)t fndn& t+e +ard 8or3 and ncessant tra2elln& too
')c+ for +s +ealt+1 +e ret)rned to +s for'er trade of a car$enter. -s
second 8fe1 8+o' +e 'arred n *AA.1 dsa$$ro2ed of +s absences fro'
+o'e n t+e co)rse of +s $reac+n&1 so t+at +e confned +s labo)rs to t+e
''edate 2cnt". On t+s acco)nt +e beca'e so'e8+at tro)bled1 t+n3n&
t+at +e 8as not so act2e n rel&o)s 8or3 as +e o)&+t to be1 and +e 8as
after8ards nclned to t+n3 t+at f +e +ad been 'ore act2e and t+erefore
'ore contented 8t+ +s 8or31 +s s)bseE)ent e#$erences 8o)ld ne2er +a2e
occ)rred.
%t t+s $ont I res)'e ,r. -od&son5s narrat2e.
7an)ar" *=t+1 *AA=1 +e 8ent fro' +s +o'e n Co2entr"1 R.I.1 to
Pro2dence1 n order to &et 'one" to $a" for a far' 8+c+ +e +ad arran&ed
to b)"1 lea2n& +s +orse at Greene (taton1 n a stable1 e#$ectn& to ret)rn
t+e sa'e afternoon fro' t+e ct". -e dre8 o)t of ban3 h??*1 and $ad
se2eral s'all blls1 after 8+c+ +e 8ent to +s ne$+e85s store1 *.* Broad
(treet1 and t+en started to &o to +s sster5s +o)se n 6est'nster (treet. T+s
8as t+e last t+at 8as 3no8n of +s don&s at t+at t'e. -e dd not a$$ear at
+s sster5s +o)se1 and dd not ret)rn to Greene1 8+ere +s +orse re'aned for
abo)t t+ree 8ee3s1 and 8as fnall" ta3en a8a" b" /rs. Bo)rne. LT+e $olce
8ere co'')ncated 8t+1 and t+e dsa$$earance 8as anno)nced n t+e local
$a$er.M
!ot8t+standn& t+e $)blct" &2en to t+e fact of +s dsa$$earance1 no
tdn&s 8+ate2er 8ere rece2ed of +' tll /arc+ *<t+1 e&+t 8ee3s later.
T+e acco)nt of t+e 'ornn& of /arc+ *<t+1 as &2en to )s b" /r. Bo)rne n
re$l" to o)r nE)res1 a&rees s)bstantall" 8t+ t+at &2en to ,r. 6er
/tc+ell (8+o +as ta3en ')c+ nterest n t+e case1 and +as 3ndl" allo8ed
)s to )se +s notes n t+e $re$araton of t+s $a$er) a "ear a&o b" /r.
Bo)rne1 and 8t+ t+at f)rns+ed to ,r. 6er /tc+ell b" ()r&eonCGeneral L.
-. Read1 8+o 8as s)''oned to e#a'ne /r. Bo)rne on t+e 'ornn& of
/arc+ *<t+1 soon after +e re&aned +s ordnar" 8a3n& consco)sness. T+e
conte'$orar" ne8s$a$er acco)nts 8+c+ 8e +a2e seen are also n
s)bstantal a&ree'ent 8t+ t+e res)lts of o)r recent nE)res.
It a$$ears t+at %nsel Bo)rne arr2ed at !orrsto8n1 Pa.1 abo)t 4ebr)ar"
*st1 *AA=1 i.e. t#o #eeBs a$ter +s dsa$$earance fro' Pro2dence1 R.I.
:nder t+e na'e of %. 7. Bro8n +e rented a storeCroo' at .?. East /an
(treet1 fro' /r. Pn3ston Earle1 and d2ded t+e roo' nto t8o b" 'eans of
c)rtans. T+e rear $orton of t+e roo' +e flled 8t+ f)rnt)re and )sed as a
&eneral l2n&9 a$art'ent1 not onl" slee$n& t+ere1 b)t $re$arn& +s o8n
'eals t+ere also. T+e front $orton of t+e roo' +e stoc3ed 8t+ notons1
to"s1 confectoner"1 &c. T+ese +e $)rc+ased and $ad for n P+ladel$+a1
8+c+ +e 2sted eac+ 8ee3 for t+e $)r$ose of re$lens+n& +s stoc3. -e
fastened a s&n to +s 8ndo81 readn& A. 1. )ro#n. T+e roo' 8+c+ +e
rented 8as $art of t+e +o)se n 8+c+ t+e Earle fa'l" 8ere d8elln&1 b)t
alt+o)&+ t+e" ca'e n dal" contact 8t+ /r. Bro8n19 t+ere 8as not+n& n
+s 'anner or $roceedn&s 8+c+ s)&&ested an"t+n& $ec)lar. -e 8as E)et
n +s be+a2o)r1 +i,IGH- $recse and re&)lar n +s +abts1 and $ad +s blls
$ro'$tl". -e 8as es$ecall" $)nct)al n t+e closn& of +s store at @ P./. on
ordnar" 8ee3Cda"s1 and at *> P./. on (at)rda". -e attended t+e /et+odst
c+)rc+ on ()nda"1 and on one occason1 at a rel&o)s 'eetn&1 +e related an
ncdent 8+c+ +e sad +e +ad 8tnessed on a stea'boat "ears $re2o)sl" on
t+e $assa&e fro' %lban" to !e8 Yor31 and +s re'ar3s 8ere t+o)&+t
$artc)larl" rele2ant to t+e $ont )nder consderaton. In s+ort1 none of t+e
$ersons 8+o +ad an" dealn&s 8t+ +' see' to +a2e conce2ed an"
s)s$con t+at +e 8as n an" )n)s)al condton or labo)rn& )nder an" for'
of 2a&ar".
On t+e 'ornn& of /onda"1 /arc+ *<t+1 abo)t f2e o5cloc31 +e +eard1 +e
sa"s1 an e#$loson l3e t+e re$ort of a &)n or $stol1 and 8a3n&1 +e notced
t+at t+ere 8as a rd&e n +s bed not l3e t+e bed +e +ad been acc)sto'ed to
slee$ n. -e notced t+e electrc l&+t o$$oste +s 8ndo8s. -e rose and
$)lled a8a" t+e c)rtans and loo3ed o)t on t+e street -e felt 2er" 8ea31 and
t+o)&+t t+at +e +ad been dr)&&ed. -s ne#t sensaton 8as t+at of fear1
3no8n& t+at +e 8as n a $lace 8+ere +e +ad no b)sness to be. -e feared
arrest as a b)r&lar1 or $ossbl" nD)r". -e sa"s t+s s t+e onl" t'e n +s lfe
+e e2er feared a $olce'an.
T+e last t+n& +e co)ld re'e'ber before 8a3n& 8as seen& t+e %da's
e#$ress 8a&&ons at t+e corner of ,orrance and Broad (treets1 n
Pro2dence1 on +s 8a" fro' t+e store of +s ne$+e8 n Broad (treet to +s
sster5s resdence n 6est'nster (treet1 on 7an)ar" *=t+.
-e 8ated to +ear so'e one 'o2e1 and for t8o +o)rs +e s)ffered &reat
'ental dstress. 4nall" +e tred t+e door1 and fndn& t fastened on t+e
nsde1 o$ened t. -earn& so'e one 'o2n& n anot+er roo'1 +e ra$$ed at
t+e door. /r. Earle o$ened t1 and sad1 GoodC'ornn&1 /r. Bro8n.9 /r.
B.J 6+ere a' IW9 /r. E.J Yo)5re all r&+t.9 /r. B.J I5' all 8ron&. /"
na'e sn5t Bro8n. 6+ere a' IW9 /r. E.J !orrsto8n.9 /r. B.J 6+ere s
t+atW9 /r. E.J In Penns"l2ana.9 /r. B.J 6+at $art of t+e co)ntr"W9 /r.
E.J %bo)t se2enteen 'les 8est of P+ladel$+a.9 /r. B.J 6+at t'e n t+e
'ont+ s tW9 /r. E.J T+e *<t+.9 /r. B.J ,oes t'e r)n bac38ards +ereW
6+en I left +o'e t 8as t+e *=t+.9 /r. E.J *=t+ of 8+atW9 /r. B.J *=t+ of
7an)ar".9 /r. E.J It5s t+e *<t+ of /arc+.9
/r. Earle t+o)&+t t+at /r. Bro8n9 8as o)t of +s 'nd1 and sad t+at
+e 8o)ld send for a doctor. -e s)''oned ,r. Lo)s -. Read1 to 8+o' /r.
Bo)rne told t+e stor" of +s don&s n R+ode Island on t+e 'ornn& of
7an)ar" *=t+1 and sad t+at +e re'e'bered not+n& bet8een t+e t'e of
seen& t+e %da's e#$ress 8a&&ons on ,orrance (treet on 7an)ar" *=t+ and
8a3n& )$ t+at 'ornn&1 /arc+ *<t+. T+ese $ersons19 +e sad1 tell 'e I
a' n !orrsto8n1 Penns"l2ana1 and t+at I +a2e been +ere for s# 8ee3s1
and t+at I +a2e l2ed 8t+ t+e' all t+at t'e. I +a2e no recollecton of e2er
+a2n& seen one of t+e' before t+s 'ornn&.9 -e reE)ested ,r. Read to
tele&ra$+ to +s ne$+e81 %ndre8 -arrs1 t+en at *.* Broad (treet1
Pro2dence1 R.I. ,r. Read tele&ra$+ed1 ,o "o) 3no8 %nsel Bo)rneW
Please ans8er.9 T+e re$l" ca'e1 -e s '" )ncle. 6re 'e 8+ere +e s1 and
f 8ell. 6rte $artc)lars.9
Later1 /r. -arrs Do)rne"ed to !orrsto8n1 sold t+e &oods n t+e store b"
a)cton1 and settled )$ t+e b)sness affars of /r. Bro8n19 8+o1 as /r.
Bo)rne1 ret)rned 8t+ +' to R+ode Island. ,r. Read adds1 n +s acco)nt of
t+e case 8+c+ +e f)rns+ed to ,r. 6er /tc+ellJ
-e sad +e 8as a $reac+er and far'er1 and co)ld not conce2e 8+" +e
+i,IGI- s+o)ld +a2e en&a&ed n a b)sness +e 3ne8 not+n& abo)t1 and
ne2er +ad an" desre to en&a&e n t. 6+en as3ed abo)t +s $)rc+asn& and
$a"n& for &oods1 and $a"n& fre&+t blls1 +e sad +e +ad no recollecton of
an" s)c+ transactons.
T+e fa'l" 8t+ 8+o' +e l2ed sa" t+at after t+e occ)rrence of t+at
'ornn& +e 8as &reatl" c+an&ed. -e 8as anno"ed at an" reference to +s
store1 and ne2er entered t after8ards. -e beca'e des$ondent1 too3 no food1
8as )nable to slee$1 and beca'e &reatl" $rostrated bot+ $+"scall" and
'entall"1 and1 fro' nfor'aton recentl" rece2ed1 t+ose condtons are sad
to contn)e.
T+ere are a n)'ber of crc)'stances connected 8t+ and $recedn& t+e
$ec)lar d)al condton t+at +a2e satsfed 'e t+at +e s a sncere 'an1 and
not an '$ostor.9
Earl" n *A@> Professor 7a'es +eard of t+e case fro' one of o)r
%ssocates1 /r. 7. !. %rnold1 8+o 8as t+e 'eans of $)ttn& +' nto
co'')ncaton 8t+ /r. -arrs and /r. Bo)rne1 and for 8+ose assstance
n t+s and n ot+er cases 8e are ')c+ ndebted.
It 8ll +a2e been obser2ed t+at no acco)nt 8as fort+co'n& of /r.
Bo)rne5s don&s bet8een t+e t'e of +s dsa$$earance fro' Pro2dence and
+s ad2ent n !orrsto8n t8o 8ee3s later1 and Professor 7a'es conce2ed
t+e dea t+at f /r. Bo)rne co)ld be +"$notsed1 8e '&+t obtan fro' +'
8+le n t+e +"$notc trance a co'$lete +stor" of t+e 8+ole ncdent1 and at
t+e sa'e t'e1 b" $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston1 $re2ent t+e rec)rrence of an"
s)c+ e$sode. T+e crc)'stances +ad nat)rall" left a $anf)l and $er$le#ed
'$resson )$on /r. Bo)rneG +e 8as an#o)s to +a2e an" l&+t $ossble
t+ro8n )$on +s stran&e e#$erence1 and +e readl" acE)esced n t+e
$ro$osals 'ade for +"$notsaton.
/r. Bo)rne s stll l2n& n Greene1 R.I.1 and n accordance 8t+ o)r
arran&e'ent
*
+e ca'e to Boston on f2e consec)t2e da"s1 /a" .=t+ to
;*st1 and s)b'tted to o)r n2est&atons1 ret)rnn& eac+ da" to Greene.
Professor 7a'es and '"self also 2sted /r. Bo)rne and +"$notsed +' n
+s +o'e at Greene1 R.I.1 on 7)ne =t+1 *A@>.
On /a" .=t+ 8e E)estoned +' n detal concernn& +s $ast lfe1 and
ascertaned1 inter aia, t+at +e 8as 'es'ersed9 once1 abo)t fort" "ears
$re2o)sl"G +e t+n3s t+at +e 8as not transfor'ed9 nto an" one else b" t+e
'es'erst19 b)t 8as 'ade to &o t+ro)&+ 2aro)s la)&+able $erfor'ances.
%t *.?> P./. Professor 7a'es be&an to +"$notse +')sn& $assesand
+e $ro2ed a senst2e s)bDect1 beco'n& entranced n t+e co)rse of a fe8
'n)tes. -e 8as )nable to o$en +s e"es1 to )nclas$ +s +ands1 &c. !o
nE)r" 8as 'ade on t+s occason concernn& t+e Bro8n9 ncdentG 8e
deter'ned s'$l" t+at +e co)ld be readl" entranced and readl" 8a3ed.
On t+e ne#t da" 8e endea2o)red to obtan a detaled acco)nt fro' +'1
8+le n t+e trance state1 of +s don&s d)rn& t+e e&+t 8ee3s1 7an)ar" *=t+
to /arc+ *;t+1 *AA=. T+e follo8n& state'ents
.
8ere elcted fro' +'
after +e +ad been enDoned to &o nto a dee$er slee$ and recall e2er"t+n&
t+at +a$$ened on 7an)ar" *=t+1 *AA=1 and after8ards.
+i,IGJ-
-e sad t+at +s na'e 8as %lbert 7o+n Bro8n1 t+at on 7an)ar" *=t+1
*AA=1 +e 8ent fro' Pro2dence to Pa8t)c3et n a +orseCcar1 t+ence b" tran
to Boston1 and t+ence to !e8 Yor31 8+ere +e arr2ed at @ P./.1 and 8ent to
t+e Grand :non -otel1 re&stern& as %. 7. Bro8n. -e left !e8 Yor3 on t+e
follo8n& 'ornn& and 8ent to !e8ar31 !.7.1 t+ence to P+ladel$+a1 8+ere
+e arr2ed n t+e e2enn&1 and sta"ed for t+ree or fo)r da"s n a +otel near
t+e ,e$bt. -e t+en s$ent a 8ee3 or so n a boardn&C+o)se n 4lbert (treet1
abo)t !o. ***?1 near t+e ,e$bt. It 8as 3e$t b" t8o lades1 b)t +e co)ld not
re'e'ber t+er na'es. -e t+o)&+t of ta3n& a store n a s'all to8n1 and
after loo3n& ro)nd at se2eral $laces1 a'on& t+e' Ger'anto8n1 c+ose
!orrsto8n1 abo)t t8ent" 'les fro' P+ladel$+a1 8+ere +e started a lttle
b)sness of f2e cent &oods1 confectoner"1 statoner"1 &c.
-e stated t+at +e 8as born n !e8ton1 !e8 -a'$s+re1 7)l" At+1 *A.B
(+e 8as born n !e8 Yor3 ct"1 7)l" At+1 *A.B)1 +ad $assed t+ro)&+ a &reat
deal of tro)ble1 losses of frends and $ro$ert"G loss of +s 8fe 8as one
tro)bles+e ded n *AA*G t+ree c+ldren l2n&b)t e2er"t+n& 8as
conf)sed $ror to +s fndn& +'self n t+e +orseCcar on t+e 8a" to
Pa8t)c3etG +e 8anted to &et a8a" so'e8+ere+e ddn5t 3no8 8+ereand
+a2e rest. -e +ad s# or se2en +)ndred dollars 8t+ +' 8+en +e 8ent nto
t+e store. -e l2ed 2er" closel"1 boarded b" +'self1 and dd +s o8n
coo3n&. -e 8ent to c+)rc+1 and also to one $ra"erC'eetn&. %t one of t+ese
'eetn&s +e s$o3e abo)t a bo" 8+o +ad 3neeled do8n and $ra"ed n t+e
'dst of t+e $assen&ers on a stea'boat fro' %lban" to !e8 Yor3.
-e +ad +eard of t+e sn&)lar e#$erence of %nsel Bo)rne1 b)t dd not
3no8 8+et+er +e +ad e2er 'et %nsel Bo)rne or not. -e +ad been a
$rofessor of rel&on +'self for 'an" "ears1 belon&ed to t+e C+rstan9
deno'naton1 b)t bac3 t+ere e2er"t+n& 8as '#ed )$. -e )sed to 3ee$ a
store n !e8ton1 !e8 -a'$s+re1 and 8as en&a&ed n l)'ber and tradn&
b)snessG +ad ne2er $re2o)sl" dealt n t+e b)sness 8+c+ +e too3 )$ at
!orrsto8n. -e 3e$t t+e !orrsto8n store for s# or e&+t 8ee3sG +o8 +e &ot
a8a" fro' t+ere 8as all conf)sedG snce t+en t +as been a blan3. T+e last
t+n& +e re'e'bered abo)t t+e store 8as &on& to bed on ()nda" n&+t1
/arc+ *;t+1 *AA=. -e 8ent to t+e /et+odst c+)rc+ n t+e 'ornn&1 8al3ed
o)t n t+e afternoon1 sta"ed n +s roo' n t+e e2enn& and read a boo3. -e
dd not feel an"t+n& o)t of t+e 8a".9 6ent to bed at e&+t or nne o5cloc31
and re'e'bered ben& n bed1 b)t not+n& f)rt+er.
T+e state'ents 'ade b" /r. Bo)rne n trance concernn& +s don&s n
!orrsto8n a&ree 8t+ t+ose 'ade b" +s landlord t+ere and ot+er $ersonsG
b)t snce /r. Bo)rne1 n +s nor'al state1 +as +eard of t+ese1 t+e" afforded
no $res)'$ton n fa2o)r of t+e correctness of +s state'ents concernn& t+e
frst t8o 8ee3s of +s absence1 t+ose 8+c+ ''edatel" $receded +s
arr2al n !orrsto8n. T+e re&sterCboo3s of t+e +otels +ad been destro"ed1
so t+at 8e 8ere )nable to trace +s tra2els n detal b" fndn& t+e na'e %.
7. Bro8n9 at t+e +otels 8+c+ +e descrbed +'self as +a2n& 2sted. 6e
+a2e1 +o8e2er1 t+ro)&+ t+e 3ndness of /r. 6lla' Ro'ane !e8bold1
Lect)rer on Ps"c+olo&" n t+e :n2erst" of Penns"l2ana1 ascertaned t+at
+e boarded for a 8ee3 or 'ore at T+e Rello&& -o)se19 !os. *B>?K=
4lbert (treet1 P+ladel$+a. /r. !e8bold5s re$ort (see %$$end# B) see's
to establs+ t+e &eneral tr)st8ort+ness of /r. Bo)rne5s acco)nt (n trance)
of +s don&s before &on& to !orrsto8n1 alt+o)&+ +s recollectons 'a" be
nacc)rate as re&ards s)c+ 'nor $onts as t+e n)'ber of t+e boardn&C
+o)se1 &c.
+i,IGK-
/r. !e8bold t+n3s t+e reason t+at Bo)rne fo)nd +s 8a" nto HT+e
Rello&& -o)seI s to be fo)nd n t+e fact t+at t s t+e frst +o)se n 4lbert
(treet &on& 8est fro' t+e Penns"l2ana Ralroad ,e$bt t+at ds$la"s a s&n
s)c+ as 8o)ld be l3el" to attract a 'an of 'oderate 'eans b)t stad +abts.
Indeed1 I bele2e t+at t s t+e frst +o)se n t+at drecton t+at +as an" s&n at
all1 and t+e +otels drectl" n 2e8 )$on co'n& o)t of t+e staton all +a2e
t+e &eneral a$$earance of t+e ordnar" saloon. HT+e Rello&& -o)seI s $lan
and res$ectable n a$$earance.9
It 'a" be 8ort+ 'entonn& +ere t+at t+e Grand :non -otel1 8+ere /r.
Bo)rne n trance states t+at +e sta"ed n !e8 Yor31 s D)st across t+e street
fro' t+e staton1 and t+at1 as 8e learn fro' /rs. Bo)rne1 +e +ad sta"ed
t+ere on +s +one"'oon tr$ 8t+ +er n (e$te'ber *AA.1 and +ad
$re2o)sl" been t+ere 8t+ +s ssters.
%ddtonal corroboraton of t+e acc)rac" of +s tranceC'e'or" +as been
f)rns+ed b" state'ents 8+c+ /r. Bo)rne (n trance) 'ade concernn& t+e
'one" and ot+er $ro$ert" n +s $ossesson at !orrsto8n on t+e n&+t of
t+e *;t+ of /arc+1 *AA=. 6e +a2e satsfactor" reasons for re&ardn& t+ese
state'ents as correct1 b)t t+e detals of t+e crc)'stances connected 8t+
t+er 2erfcaton n2ol2e 'atters 8+c+ 8e do not feel D)stfed n
$)bls+n&. It s eno)&+ to sa" t+at t+e 'one" 8+c+ +e too3 a8a" on
7an)ar" *=t+ +as been1 n o)r o$non1 acco)nted for1 t+o)&+1 $ror to o)r
nE)res 'ade n conseE)ence of +s tranceCstate'ents1 t+ere 8as an
)ne#$laned defcenc" of abo)t h*?>.>>.
It 8ll be seen fro' t+e acco)nt 8+c+ /r. !e8bold obtaned of t+e
con2ersatons 8+c+ /r. Bro8n9 +ad 8t+ /rs. Rello&& and t+e 8ater1
/r. 7ac3son1 t+at /r. Bo)rne n +s secondar" state recollected certan
$ortons of +s $ast lfe1 and es$ecall" t+e c+aracter of +s o8n trade. -s
'e'or" see's to +a2e been consderabl" better d)rn& +s e&+t 8ee3s5
s$ontaneo)s a'b)lator" trance9 t+an t s no8 n t+e artfcall" $rod)ced
trance1 and t 'a" be 8ort+ 8+le addn& t+at t a$$eared to be1 as re&ards
so'e detals of +s entre lfe1 'ore obsc)re n o)r latest +"$notsatons t+an
n o)r earlest. /an" of o)r E)estons 8ere re$eated a&an and a&an1 and
8e +a2e not recorded all t+ese n f)ll detal1 b)t t+e res)lt s)&&ests t+at t+e
Bro8n9 state s ')c+ less co+erent no8 t+an n ts frst nce$ton n *AA=1
and t+at t+e $ersonalt" of Bro8n9 s slo8l" dsnte&ratn&.
4ro' t+e tests of t+e sense or&ans 'ade )$on /r. Bo)rne1 bot+ 8a3n&
and entranced1 t 8o)ld see' t+at t+e onl" dfference bet8een trance and
8a3n& as to sensblt" s a not 2er" $rono)nced anal&esa d)rn& t+e
trance.9 ((ee %$$end# C.1 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .??.)
6e 'ade atte'$ts 8+le /r. Bo)rne 8as n +s nor'al state to e2o3e
t+e Bro8n9 $ersonalt" b" a)to'atc 8rtn&1 &c.1 and s'larl"1 8+le +e
8as entranced1 8e endea2o)red to ta$9 /r. Bo)rne1 b)t o)r efforts 8ere
)na2aln&. (o1 l3e8se1 8ere t+e atte'$ts1 b" $rolon&ed $asses1 to $rod)ce
a dee$er trance n 8+c+ t+e Bo)rne9 and Bro8n9 $ersonaltes '&+t be
)nfed. 6e co)ld &et no 'anfestaton of et+er $ersonalt" 8+le t+e ot+er
8as to t+e front1 not e2en t+e f)lfl'ent of $ostC+"$notc s)&&estons1 and at
t+e end of o)r e#$er'ents Bro8n and Bo)rne see'ed as far as e2er fro'
realsn& t+at eac+ belon&ed to t+e ot+er.
Ta3en alto&et+er1 t+e case s not a lttle $er$le#n&. In t+e Bro8n state1
8+le for&ettn& so'e of t+e 'ost '$ortant e2ents of +s $ast lfe1
ncl)dn& +s o8n na'e and +s second 'arra&e1 and t+e $lace of +s brt+1
+e re'e'bered +i,IGL- t+e date of +s brt+ correctl"1 t+e date of +s frst
8fe5s deat+1 +s trade1 &c.1 and c)ro)sl" eno)&+1 on one occason related
an ncdent t+at occ)rred on a stea'boat bet8een %lban" and !e8 Yor31
and 8+c+ n +s Bo)rne state +e also 8ell re'e'bers. In trance1 on /a"
.At+1 +e recalled t+at +e +ad c+ldren l2n&1 b)t on 7)ne =t+ +e +ad no
recollecton of t+e'. It s dffc)lt to see alon& 8+at defnte c+annels t+e
te'$orar" oblteraton of Bo)rne5s 'e'ores $roceeded1 8t+1 as
conseE)ence1 +s transfor'aton nto Bro8n. 6e learn fro' /r. Bo)rne
t+at +e ne2er 3ne8 a /r. %. 7. Bro8n1 and ne2er l2ed n !e8ton1 !.-.
!et+er /r. Bo)rne nor +s 8fe co)ld s)&&est an" cl)e 8+c+ '&+t lead to
an" e#$lanaton of +s ado$tn& %. 7. Bro8n as +s na'e1 or !e8ton1 !.-.1
as +s brt+$lace.
*
B)t1 ndeed1 8e co)ld +ardl" +o$e to trace t+e
antecedents of +s $ec)lar actons n detal. %nd t re'ans no8 to 'enton
so'e addtonal facts 8+c+ a$$ear to t+ro8 so'e l&+t )$on bot+ of +s
re'ar3able e#$erences1 at least to t+e e#tent of s)&&estn& t+at +s case
s+o)ld be classfed n ts essentals as belon&n& to a 8ellCreco&nsed t"$e.
In re$l" to o)r nE)res (see also ,r. -nsdale5s re$ort1 %$$end# C.1 $.
.?<)1 +e stated t+at +e nD)red +s e"es&+t as a "o)n& 'an b" too ')c+
st)d"1 8or3n& at n&+t to ed)cate +'self. -s 2son '$ro2ed after +s
stran&e e#$erence n *A?=1 and re'aned '$ro2ed )ntl *AA=. -e )sed to
+a2e +eadac+es freE)entl"1 no8 seldo'. T+e" d'ns+ed as +e be&an to
lose +s +ar1 8+c+ 8as 2er" t+c3 n *A?=. (Of co)rse t+e loss of +s +ar
'a" not +a2e been t+e ca)se of t+e d'n)ton of +s +eadac+es.)
-e stated also t+at +e +ad been s)bDect to t+e bl)es9 snce c+ld+ood1
b)t t+ese +ad not been so freE)ent for a "ear and a +alf. 6+en )nder t+e'
+e dd not 8ant to see an"bod" or tal3 to an"bod". T+ese 8o)ld so'et'es
last a fe8 +o)rs1 so'et'es a 8ee3. Occasonall"1 at s)c+ t'es1 8+en
8al3n&1 +e 8o)ld fnd +'self t8o or t+ree 'les a8a" fro' 8+ere +e +ad
last notced +'self as ben&.
/rs. Bo)rne nfor'ed )s t+at /r. Bo)rne +ad +ad se2eral fantn& fts9
n t+e co)rse of +s lfe. (+e 3ne8 of fo)r s)c+ occ)rrences. T+e frst of
t+ese +a$$ened abo)t 7)l" *AA.1 t8o 'ont+s before +er 'arra&e1 n c+)rc+.
/r. Bo)rne +ad &one nto t+e $)l$t D)st before t+e ser2ce. -e 8as not
&on& to $reac+ t+at da". It 8as 2er" 8ar'1 and1 as /r. Bo)rne 8as co'n&
o)t of t+e $)l$t1 +e fell do8n )nconsco)s. T+e second occ)rred abo)t
,ece'ber *AA.1 8+en +e fell off a lo)n&e n t+e roo'. On t+e t+rd
occason +e 8as standn& b" t+e sde of t+e carra&e after +arnessn& t+e
+orses1 8+en +e s)ddenl" fell )nconsco)s. T+s 8as n 4ebr)ar" *AAB. T+e
last t'e occ)rred soon after +s ret)rn fro' !orrsto8n n *AA=. -e 8as
sttn& n a c+ar )nder a tree n t+e s+ade1 and +e sld o)t of t+e c+ar to t+e
&ro)nd. On t+ese occasons +e re'aned )nconsco)s for se2eral +o)rs1
$robabl" t8o +o)rs at least and s# +o)rs at 'ost.
T+ese facts1 ta3en n connecton 8t+ +s e#$erences n *A?= and *AA=1
s)&&est t+at /r. Bo)rne +as been s)bDect to so'e for' of e$le$s"1 and t+at
d)rn& +s e&+t 8ee3s5 absence n *AA= +e 8as s)ffern& fro' a post,
epieptic partia oss o$ memory. I s)$$ose t+at on 7an)ar" *=t+1 *AA=1 +e
'a" +a2e +ad a 'ld e$le$tc seN)re1 and t+at after t+e ft1 +e 8as a
dfferent $erson1 +i,IGM- alt+o)&+ n t+e sa'e s3nG or1 as t+e $o$)lar $+rase
s1 t+e $ostCe$le$tc $atent H8as not +'self.I9
*
((' A . T+s case 8as re$orted b" ,r. Pro)st1 Professor of -"&ene at
t+e -btel ,e) of Pars1 before t+e Acad;mie des Sciences 2oraes et
&oitiques, as an nstance of 8+at +e called a'b)lator" a)to'ats' n a
+"stercal 'an19 or1 as t '&+t ot+er8se be $+rased1 of do)ble $ersonalt"
8t+ an act2e second self. I &2e a bref r;sum; fro' t+e 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, /arc+ *A@>1 $. .B=.
E'le 0.1 t. ;;1 s a barrster n ParsG of &ood ablt" and ed)caton n
classcal st)des1 bot+ as a bo" and at t+e )n2erst". -e 8as al8a"s ner2o)s
and o2er senst2e1 8t+ so'e +"stercal attac3s and f)nctonal
deran&e'ents of 'oton and sensaton1 s&ns1 n fact1 of a grande hyst;rie.
-e co)ld be +"$notsed 2er" easl"1 and 8+lst /. L)"s +ad +' n c+ar&e
+e co)ld be $)t to slee$ b" a lo)d nose1 or an" s)dden '$resson. One da"
n a ca$; +e sa8 +'self n t+e loo3n&C&lass and at once fell nto a +"$notc
state 8+c+ fr&+tened +s frends and led t+e' to ta3e +' to an +os$tal1
8+ere +e reco2ered 8t+o)t an" dffc)lt". (o'et'es +s attac3s 8ere
dfferentG +e 8o)ld see' to +s co'$anons to )nder&o no loss of
consco)sness1 b)t 8o)ld lose t+e 'e'or" of all +s $ast lfe d)rn& a fe8
'n)tes or a fe8 da"s1 and n t+s condton of secondar" consco)sness
8o)ld lead an act2e and a$$arentl" nor'al lfe on foot or on +orsebac31 n
+s frends5 +o)ses or n s+o$s. 4ro' s)c+ a state +e 8o3e s)ddenl"1 and
8as entrel" 8t+o)t 'e'or" of 8+at +ad +a$$ened to +' n t+s secondar"
state. %n nstance of t+s occ)rred on (e$te'ber .;rd1 *AAA. -e +ad +ad a
E)arrel 8t+ +s ste$fat+er n Pars1 8+c+ +ad e#cted +' consderabl"1 and
+e fell nto +s second state. T+ree 8ee3s later +e 8o3e after +s )s)al
fas+on1 8t+o)t an" 'e'or" 8+ate2er of 8+at +ad been +a$$enn&1 and
fo)nd +'self at VllarsC(antC/arceln1 n t+e -a)te /arne1 'ore t+an *>>
'les fro' Pars. -e $c3ed )$ fro' 2aro)s so)rces a lttle 3no8led&e of
8+at +e +ad done. -e 8as told +e +ad 2sted t+e $rest of t+e 2lla&e1 8+o
+ad t+o)&+t +' odd9G t+at +e +ad also sta"ed 8t+ one of +s )ncles1 8+o
8as a bs+o$ n t+e -a)te /arne1 and at +s +o)se +ad bro3en 2aro)s
t+n&s1 and torn )$ so'e /((. of +s )ncleG t+at +e +ad r)n nto debt to t+e
e#tent of f.>1 and t+at +e +ad been s)''oned before t+e Co)rt at Vass" on
so'e c+ar&e of $ett" t+eft1 and n +s absence D)d&'ent +ad been &2en
a&anst +'. %&an1 on /a" **t+1 *AA@1 +e 8as brea3fastn& at a resta)rant
n Pars1 and t8o da"s later fo)nd +'self at Tro"es. Of 8+at +ad +a$$ened
d)rn& t+ese t8o da"s +e co)ld re'e'ber not+n&. -e recollected t+at
before losn& +s consco)sness +e +ad +ad a &reatCcoat and a $)rse n t
contann& ..B fr.
T+ese facts re'nded Professor Pro)st of t+e 8ellC3no8n case of 4Ulda
0. 0 (31 A 1, and of t+e 'ore recent case of Lo)s V. 0 (33 A 1, n 8+c+ t+e
'e'or" of t+e secondar" $ersonalt" 8as recalled b" +"$nots'. E'le 0.
8as easl" +"$notsed1 and n t+at state co)ld &2e a f)ll acco)nt of 8+at
+ad +a$$ened to +' n +s states of secondar" $ersonalt". In +s frst of
t+ese t8o attac3s +e descrbed +o8 +e +ad lost so'e of t+e f.> at cards1 and
told t+e co'$lete +i,IGN- stor" of 8+at +e +ad done 8+en sta"n& 8t+ +s
)ncle t+e bs+o$1 and after8ards 8t+ t+e $rest. In t+e sa'e 8a" as to +s
2st to Tro"es1 +e told t+e detals of +s Do)rne"1 of t+e frends +e +ad dned
8t+ t+ere1 and 8+ere +e +ad left +s o2ercoat and $)rse. !otes 8ere ta3en
of +s +"$notc acco)nt1 and on t+e stren&t+ of t+ese +e 8rote to t+e +otelC
3ee$er at Tro"es as3n& for +s coat and $)rse1 and descrbn& 8+ere +e +ad
left t+e'. T8o da"s later1 to +s &reat astons+'ent1 +e rece2ed t+e' bot+1
and t+e ..B fr. n t+e $)rse. T+e Co)rt at Vass" also1 8+en +s tr)e
condton +ad beco'e 3no8n1 re2ersed t+e D)d&'ent &2en a&anst +'.
((' B . T+e follo8n& case of %)to'ats'e (o'na'b)lE)e a2ec
dUdo)ble'ent de la $ersonnaltU9 8as re$orted b" 7. /. Boetea)1 Interne
des %sles de la (ene1 n t+e Annaes 2;dico,psychoogiques for 7an)ar"1
*A@.. It +as so'e rese'blance to t+e %nsel Bo)rne case1 nso')c+ as t+e
lost 'e'or" of an esca$ade s reco2ered )nder +"$notsaton1 b)t dffers
fro' t n t+e $resence of 'ar3ed +"stera. T+ere see'ed to be no s)s$con
of e$le$s". I abbre2ate /. Boetea)5s 2er" f)ll and clear acco)ntJ
/are /.1 no8 a&ed t8ent"Ct8o1 +as been s)bDect to +"stercal attac3s
snce s+e 8as t8el2e "ears old. (+e beca'e an o)tC$atent at t+e -b$tal
%ndral for t+ese attac3sG and on %$rl .<t+1 *A@*1 t+e +o)se $+"scan t+ere
ad2sed +er to enter t+e s)r&cal 8ard at t+e -btelC,e)1 as s+e 8o)ld
$robabl" need an o$eraton for an nternal tro)ble. Greatl" s+oc3ed b" t+s
ne8s1 s+e left t+e +os$tal at *> %./.1 and lost consco)sness. 6+en s+e
reco2ered consco)sness s+e fo)nd +erself n E)te anot+er +os$talt+at of
(te. %nneat B %./. on %$rl .=t+. (+e +ad been fo)nd 8andern& n t+e
streets of Pars1 8t+ +a&&ard as$ect1 8ornCo)t boots1 and lacerated feet1 n
t+e e2enn& of t+e da" on 8+c+ s+e left t+e -b$tal %ndral1 )nder t+e s+oc3
of $anf)l a$$re+enson. On ret)rnn& to +erself1 s+e co)ld recollect
absol)tel" not+n& of 8+at +ad $assed n t+e nter2al. 6+le s+e 8as t+)s
$er$le#ed at +er )ne#$laned fat&)e and footsoreness1 and at t+e &a$ n +er
'e'or"1 /. Boetea) +"$notsed +er. L3e %nsel Bo)rne1 s+e $assed 8t+
ease nto t+e +"$notc state1 alt+o)&+ s+e +ad ne2er before been +"$notsed1
and l3e +' s+e at once re'e'bered t+e e2ents 8+c+ flled at least t+e
earler $art of t+e &a$ n +er $r'ar" consco)sness.
It a$$ears t+at 8+en s+e left t+e -b$tal %ndral s+e set o)t at frst for
t+e -btelC,e)1 as reco''endedG b)t t+at t+e +orror of t+e '$endn&
o$eraton )$set +er balance of 'nd1 and s)ddenl" transfor'ed tself nto a
con2cton t+at +er bab"1 8+c+ +ad ded at t+e %ssstance P)blE)e1 8as
ben& 3e$t fro' +er b" t+e n)rse to 8+o' s+e +ad entr)sted t at C+a2lle.
(+e +ad 8al3ed to C+a2lle1 and t+en on to Versalles1 8+t+er t+e n)rse +ad
re'o2ed. (+e co)ld learn not+n& of +er bab"1 and 8al3ed bac3 to Pars.
,)rn& t+s lon& 8al31 8+c+ 8ore o)t +er boots and 8o)nded +er feet1 s+e
8as nsensble to fat&)e or +)n&er. B)t on re&ann& Pars s+e be&an to be
+a)nted b" s$ectral s)r&eons1 endea2o)rn& to $erfor' o$eratons on +er.
(+e 8as fo)nd n an ncreasn& state of 'anacal e#ctaton1 and 8as ta3en
to a $olce nfr'ar" on t+e .?t+ and to t+e -os$tal of (te. %nne on t+e
.Bt+ %$rl.
T+e $atent5s acco)nt of +er ad2ent)res 8as fo)nd to be correct. T+e
no2el $ont +ere s t+e reco2er" b" +"$nots' of t+e 'e'or" of a state
rese'bln& a s)dden access of 'ana. T+ere see's to +a2e been so'e
fra&'entar" recollecton +i,IGO- of t+e $r'ar" state d)rn& t+e secondar"
state1 nas')c+ as t+e $oor 8o'an recollected t+e fact t+at s+e +ad a bab"1
and t+e na'e and address of t+e n)rse. B)t t+ere 8as so lttle of s)c+
'e'or" t+at ,r. Boetea) feels D)stfed n sa"n& t+at for a t'e s+e +ad
+ad a real 'ental lfe dffern& fro' t+e nor'al lfe1 8t+ a rec)rrence to +er
nor'al lfe after t+ree da"sG t+)s $resentn& a clear e#a'$le of alternatn&
and d2ded $ersonalt"1 8t+ co'$lete se$araton bet8een t+e t8o
$s"c+cal e#stences.9
One f)rt+er $ont s+o)ld be noted. If t+e $atent s +"$notsed and told
to 8rte t+e da" of t+e 'ont+1 s+e 8rtes %$rl .?t+1 *A@*. T+s s one of t+e
da"s d)rn& +er $uguet+e da"1 as t a$$ears1 on 8+c+ s+e san3 fro'
co+erent nto nco+erent delr)'. It t+)s a$$ears t+at so'e 3nd of
secondar" $ersonalt"1 dentfed 8t+ t+e earler $art of t+e $ugue, stll
e#sts s)bl'nall"1 alt+o)&+ t+e $atent +as a$$arentl" E)te reco2ered +er
'ental balance.
(() A . T+e ne#t case s ta3en fro' an artcle enttled ,)$le#
Personalt"J Re$ort of a Case19 b" 6lla' 4. ,re8r"1 /.,.1 of Petersb)r&.
Vr&na1 :.(.%.1 n t+e 2edico,.ega 1ourna for 7)ne *A@BJ
T+e follo8n& case1 8+c+ ca'e )nder '" obser2aton 8t+n t+e $ast
"ear1 and t+e detals of 8+c+ 8ere 3ndl" &2en 'e b" an e'nent
$racttoner of Vr&na1
*
8+o 8as t+e fa'l" $+"scan of t+e $atent1
t"$fes t+e $ec)lar $+ases of d)$le# $ersonalt" and $erodc e#tncton of
'e'or"1 and s nterestn& fro' a $s"c+olo&c1 as 8ell as clncal $ont of
2e8. It s also of nterest as re&ards forensc 'edcne.
/r. R. 8as a 'an fft" "ears old1 of s$lendd $+"sE)e1 n &ood +ealt+1
n farl" co'fortable crc)'stances1 don& a 'ercantle b)sness1 sober1
'oral and nd)stro)s1 of affable ds$oston1 $o$)lar 8t+ a lar&e crcle of
frends1 'e'ber of se2eral secret bene2olent orders1 and +a$$" and
contented n +s do'estc relatons. -e 8as born and reared n t+e (tateG +ad
resded and cond)cted b)sness n for t8ent" or 'ore "ears1 and
deser2edl" bore t+e re$)taton of ben& a correct1 stra&+tfor8ard 'an n
e2er" $artc)lar. -e +ad for "ears been one of t+e to8n offcals.
One of +s near relat2es (an )ncle1 I t+n3) at abo)t t+e a&e of fft"1
8t+o)t an" a$$arent reason 8+ate2er1 8ent o)t 6est1 lea2n& +s 8fe and
c+ldren1 and 8as not +eard of for 'an" "ears. 4nall" +e ca'e bac3 on a
2st1 and re'aned a s+ort t'e 8t+ +s fa'l" and old acE)antances. !o
e#$lanaton 8as &2en of +s stran&e cond)ct. It 8as t+o)&+t t+at +e +ad
so'e for' of 'ental dsease. I 'enton t+s case to s+o8 t+at /r. R. '&+t
+a2e n+erted so'e ne)ro$at+c tant or eccentrct".
One da"1 8+le a$$arentl" n $erfect +ealt+1 8t+o)t an" $re'ontor"
s"'$to's of 'ental deran&e'ent1 /r. R. 8ent to a nort+ern ct" to
$)rc+ase &oods for +s store. 6+le t+ere t8o da"s +e transacted a &reat deal
of b)sness1 'et 'an" old frends1 and e#+bted no ndcaton of aberraton
of 'nd. (tartn& +o'e8ard1 +e re&stered as a $assen&er on a certan
stea'erG feeln& 2er" tred +e sec)red a stateCroo'1 to 8+c+ at once +e
re$ared1 c+an&ed +s lnen1 &c. 6+en tc3ets 8ere collected +e 8as
'ssn&. -e +ad s)ddenl" and '"stero)sl" dsa$$eared. !o one +ad seen
+' lea2e t+e boat1 D)'$ or fall o2erboard. %n acE)antance1 +o8e2er1 sad
t+at +e 8as reasonabl" certan t+at +e sa8 /r. R. se2eral +o)rs after t+e
boat +ad left n one of t+e de$bts n t+e ct". +i,IHP- -e 8as sttn& do8n1
+at $)lled o2er +s face1 and see'ed to be n a dee$ st)d"19 so +e 8as not
dst)rbed. /r. R.5s o$en 2alse and all +s clot+es1 e#ce$t t+ose +e 8ore1
8ere fo)nd n +s stateCroo'. T+e roo' door 8as o$en1 b)t t+e 3e" +ad
been ta3en a8a".
(o'e s)s$ected +e +ad been robbed and t+ro8n o2erboardG ot+ers
t+o)&+t +e +ad (s)ddenl") beco'e nsane1 or +ad +ad a ft and fallen nto
t+e seaG t+e s)cde t+eor" 8as also nd)l&ed n1 and t+e o$non 8as
entertaned b" so'e t+at +e +ad absconded. B)t 8+at +ad beco'e of +'1
8+"1 8+en1 and +o8 +e dsa$$eared 8ere '"steres. -e +ad1 )nobser2ed1
s'$l" ste$$ed o)t nto t+e &reat )n3no8n.9 % 2&oro)s searc+ 8as 'ade
to fnd +'1 dead or al2e1 detect2es 8ere e'$lo"ed1 t+e ne8s$a$ers
tee'ed 8t+ acco)nts of t+e stran&e and )nacco)ntable &on& a8a" of t+s
8ellC3no8n 'an1 b)t no cl)e 8as to be +ad t+at 8o)ld t+ro8 an" l&+t
8+ate2er )$on +s '"stero)s dsa$$earance.
4nall" searc+ 8as abandoned1 t+e t+eor" t+at +e 8as dead acce$ted1 and
t+e co)rt a$$onted an ad'nstrator of +s estate and a &)ardan for +s
c+ldren. -s b)sness 8as $)rc+ased b" +s son1 and e2er"t+n& 8as
'o2n& alon& s'oot+l"1 8+en1 si0 months a$ter +e 8as last +eard of1 +e
s)ddenl" and )ne#$ectedl" a$$eared at t+e +o'e of a relat2e n a dstant
so)t+ern ct". -e 8as bro)&+t +o'e n a co'$osed1 b)t $artall" daNed
condton1 able to reco&nse b)t fe8 of +s frends. -e 8as an entrel"
c+an&ed 'ant+e $+"scal and $s"c+cal 'eta'or$+oses 8ere E)te
co'$lete. -e 8as +ardl" reco&nsed b" +s frends. -e +ad red)ced n
8e&+t fro' .?> to *?> $o)nds1 and 8as 2er" feeble. -e 8ore t+e sa'e s)t
of clot+es +e +ad on at t+e t'e +e dsa$$eared1 and +ad n +s $oc3et t+e
c+ec3 and 3e" 8+c+ 8ere &2en +' on t+e boat.
-e 8as at once $)t )nder treat'ent1 and n fo)r 8ee3s +e reco2ered +s
$re2o)s bodl" and 'ental +ealt+1 and +as snce cond)cted +s sa'e old
b)sness 8t+ +s acc)sto'ed s3ll and nd)str". % da" or t8o after +s
ret)rn +o'e an abscess1 dee$ do8n n t+e a)dtor" canal1 bro3e and
dsc+ar&ed a lar&e E)antt" of san&)noC$)r)lent 'atter. I''edatel"
t+ere)$on '$ro2e'ent be&an and 8ent on ra$dl". This #as a remarBabe
$act, and s1 I t+n31 8ort+" of s$ecal note.
-ear /r. R.5s o8n acco)nt of +s stran&e caseJ I 8as feeln& 2er" tred
t+oro)&+l" fat&)edafter a 2er" b)s" da" n t+e ct"1 so 8ent to '"
stateroo' ''edatel" )$on &on& aboard t+e boat and c+an&ed '" clot+es.
:$ to t+at t'e I 8as t+oro)&+l" consco)s1 b)t after t+at I recall not+n&
all 8as obl2ontll s# 'ont+s later 8+en HI ca'e s)ddenl" to '"selfI n
a dstant ct" n t+e (o)t+1 8+ere I 3ne8 no one. I fo)nd '"self dr2n& a
fr)tC8a&&on on t+e street. I 8as )tterl" asto)nded. 6+" I 8as t+ere1 +o8
and 8+en I &ot t+ere1 8+ere I ca'e fro'1 8+at I +ad been don&1 8ere
$)NNln& E)estons to 'e. :$on nE)r" I learned t+at I +ad been t+ere1 and
at 8or31 for so'e t'e. /" lfe snce I 8as n t+at stateCroo' +ad been an
absol)te blan3 to 'e. I can &2e no acco)nt of '"self d)rn& t+at $erod of
t'e. I started at once for Vr&na1 b)t on t+e 8a" I a&an lost
consco)sness1 t+o)&+ onl" for a da" or t8o. 6+en f)rt+er on '" 8a"
+o'e1 I felt so )tterl" 8orn o)t1 I sto$$ed n a certan to8n and 8ent to t+e
+o)se of a 2er" near relat2e. 4ro' t+ere I 8as ta3en +o'e. I 8as n a +alfC
daNed1 conf)sed condton1 and re'aned so so'e da"s lon&er. I a' no8
feeln& 8ell and all r&+t.9
T+s case bears 'an" str3n& rese'blances to ot+ers t+at +a2e been
fro' t'e to t'e re$orted1 b)t t+ere are t8o $onts of s$ecal nterest. 4rst1
t+e n+erted tendenc" to eccentrct"1 f not to nsant". -s '"stero)s
dsa$$earance +i,IHG- occ)rred at t+e sa'e a&e at 8+c+ +s $ro&entor so
stran&el" dsa$$eared. (econd1 t+e abscess n t+e ear1 t+e dsc+ar&e of 8+c+
8as follo8ed b" a ra$d ret)rn to nor'al 'entalt". Is t not $robable t+at
t+s abscess +ad so'e etolo&c connecton 8t+ t+e 'ental tro)ble1 b"
$rod)cn& a 'aladD)st'ent of t+e cerebral f)nctons1 a dst)rbance of t+e
crc)laton1 an endarterts1 8+c+ 8o)ld nd)ce a condton of ence$+alc
anae'a1 or a s)$$resson of s)$$)raton1 8+c+ 8o)ld effect a +"$erF'aW
Loss of 'e'or"19 sa"s Rosse1 follo8n& or&anc leson1 d"na'c
tro)ble1 or an" s)dden 'etabolc dst)rbance of t+e bran1 'a" reco2er
ra$dl".9 Certanl" /r. R. 'ade a ra$d1 )nnterr)$ted reco2er" after t+e
abscess +ad dsc+ar&ed. -s $+"scan sad t+at t+ere 8as a $erce$tble
c+an&e for t+e better D)st as soon as t+e ear 8as rele2ed.
((9 A . T+e follo8n& case s ta3en fro' t+e $a$er b" ,r. Ellotson
referred to n ((3 A and ((+ A (Soist, 2ol. 2. $. *A?)1 ben& E)oted b" +'
fro' t+e Northern 1ourna o$ 2edicine for 7)ne *A<?. T+e case 8as t+ere
re$orted b" ,r. ,a2d (3ae.
T+e $atent 8as an )n'arred 'an1 n t+e $r'e of lfe1 connected 8t+
t+e le&al $rofesson1 re&)lar and te'$erate n +s +abts. -s co'$lant
be&an 8t+ t+e )s)al s"'$to's of d"s$e$sa1 $assn& nto +"$oc+ondra and
)lt'atel" nto a state bet8een +"$oc+ondra and 'ental alenaton. T+e
d"s$e$tc s"'$to's +ad beco'e a s)bDect of co'$lant and solct)de to
t+e $atent abo)t ten or t8el2e "ears earler. T+ere &enerall" s)cceeded a
tran of 'orbd feeln&s and fnall" of ll)sons fo)nded )$on t+e'1 t+e
sensatons felt ben& 'a&ned to be s)ffern&s of a '"stero)s and
)n$aralleled 3nd. 4eeln&s of &loo' and des$ondenc" 8ere at t+e sa'e
t'e de2elo$edG t+e 'ost trfln& errors 8ere 'a&nfed nto )n$ardonable
cr'es. -e be&an a s"ste' of readn& t+e Bble 8t+ &reat Neal and ra$dt"G
b" E)c3l" scannn& t+e $a&es and t)rnn& o2er t+e lea2es1 +e &re8 to
bele2e t+at +e read t+ro)&+ t+e 8+ole Bble once and all t+e 'etrcal
$sal's once or t8ce dal". -e sat )$ 'ost of t+e n&+t and la" n bed all
da"1 s)rro)nded 8t+ Bbles and Psal'Cboo3s. -e also de2elo$ed s)cdal
tendences1 b)t t+ese 8ere restraned b" +s nat)ral t'dt" and
conscento)sness.
,r. (3ae 8rtesJ
4ro' an earl" $erod n t+e +stor" of t+s case t 8as obser2ed t+at t+e
s"'$to's ds$la"ed an a&&ra2aton every aternate day. T+s &rad)all"
beca'e 'ore and 'ore 'ar3edG and for t+e last e&+teen 'ont+s t+e
s"'$to's descrbed +a2e beco'e dstnctl" $erodc. On eac+ alternate da"
t+e $atent s affected n t+e 'anner D)st descrbed and 8ll net+er eat1
slee$1 nor 8al31 o)t contn)es ncessantl" t)rnn& o2er t+e lea2es of a Bble1
and co'$lann& $teo)sl" of +s 'ser". On t+e nter'edate da"s +e s1
co'$arat2el" s$ea3n&1 E)te 8ell1 enters nto t+e do'estc d)tes of +s
fa'l"1 eats +eartl"1 8al3s o)t1 transacts b)sness1 ass)res e2er" one +e s
E)te 8ell1 and a$$ears to entertan no a$$re+enson of a ret)rn of +s
co'$lants. 6+at s c+efl" re'ar3ableYs t+e sort of do)ble e#stence
8+c+ t+e nd2d)al a$$ears to +a2e. On t+ose da"s on 8+c+ +e s affected
8t+ +s 'alad"1 +e +i,IHH- a$$ears to +a2e no re'e'brance 8+ate2er of
t+e $re2o)s or of an" for'er da" on 8+c+ +e 8as co'$arat2el" 8ell1 nor
of an" of t+e en&a&e'ents of t+ose da"sG +e cannot tell 8+et+er +e 8as o)t1
nor 8+at +e dd1 nor 8+o' +e sa81 nor an" transacton n 8+c+ +e 8as
occ)$ed. !et+er does +e antc$ate an" a'end'ent on t+e s)cceedn& da".
Y On t+e nter'edate da"sY +e dstnctl" re'e'bers t+e transactons of
$re2o)s da"s on 8+c+ +e 8as 8ell1 b)t a$$ears to +a2e lttle or no
recollecton of t+e occ)rrences of t+e da"s on 8+c+ +e 8as ll. -e a$$ears
n s+ort to +a2e aYsort of t8oCfold e#stence1 one +alf of 8+c+ +e s$ends
n t+e ratonal enDo"'ent of lfe and dsc+ar&e of ts d)tes1 and t+e ot+er n
a state of +o$eless +"$oc+ondracs'1 a'o)ntn& al'ost to co'$lete 'ental
aberraton.
(30 A . 6e ne#t co'e to cases of factto)s secondar" $ersonaltes1
de2elo$ed a$$arentl" fro' selfCs)&&estons n t+e +"$notc state. I &2e frst
t+e classc case of Professor Perre 7anet5s $atent1 /'e. B. (or LUone)1 t+e
s)bDect of t+e e#$er'ents n tele$at+c +"$notsaton descrbed n ,') A .
T+e s)''ar" +ere &2en s fo)nded on a $a$er b" Professor 7anet1 enttled
Les %ctes Inconscents dans le (o'na'b)ls'e19 n t+e 7evue
&hiosophique, /arc+ *AAA1 8t+ co''ents of '" o8n. T+e case s also
constantl" referred to n Professor 7anet5s .QAutomatisme &sychoogique
*
(*AA@).
I 'a" be&n 8t+ a tr2al ncdent1 contann& not+n& ne8 to st)dents
of +"$nots'1 b)t 8ell ll)stratn& t+e conc)rrent acton of t+e s)$ral'nal
and t+e +"$notc $ersonalt"t+e +dden crtcs' 8+c+ t+e s)bl'nal self
see's to be e2er e#ercsn& )$on t+e 8ords and actons 8+c+ o)r
s)$ral'nal sel2es fondl" s)$$ose to be t+e f)ll e#$resson of 8+at 8e are.
In t+ese researc+es /'e. B. n +er e2er"da" condton s 3no8n b" t+e
na'e of LUone. In t+e +"$notc trance s+e +as c+osen for +erself t+e na'e
of LUontne1 8+c+ t+)s re$resents +er secondar" $ersonalt". Be+nd t+ese
t8o1 t+s tr$le $ersonalt" s co'$leted b" a '"stero)s LUonore1 8+o 'a"
for t+e $resent be ta3en as nonCe#stent. % $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston 8as
&2en to LUontne1 t+at s to sa"1 LUone 8as +"$notsed and stra&+t8a"
beca'e LUontne1 and LUontne 8as told b" Professor 7anet t+at after t+e
trance 8as o2er1 and LUone +ad res)'ed +er ordnar" lfe1 s+e1 LUontne1
8as to ta3e off +er a$ront+e DontCa$ron of LUone and LUontneand
t+en to te t on a&an. T+e trance 8as sto$$ed1 LUone 8as a8a3ened1 and
cond)cted Professor 7anet to t+e door1 tal3n& 8t+ +er )s)al res$ectf)l
&ra2t" on ordnar" to$cs. /eant'e +er +andst+e Dont +ands of LUone
and LUontne)nted +er a$ron1 t+e Dont a$ron1 and too3 t off. Professor
7anet called LUone5s attenton to t+e loosened a$ron. 6+"1 '" a$ron s
co'n& offZ9 LUone e#cla'ed1 and 8t+ f)ll consco)sness and ntenton
s+e ted t on a&an. (+e t+en contn)ed to tal31 and for +erfor LUone
t+e ncdent 8as o2er. T+e a$ron1 s+e s)$$osed1 +ad so'e+o8 co'e )nted1
and s+e +ad reted t. T+s1 +o8e2er1 8as not eno)&+ for LUontne. %t
LUontne5s $ro'$tn& t+e Dont +ands a&an be&an t+er 8or31 and t+e a$ron
8as ta3en off a&an and a&an +i,IHI- re$laced1 t+s t'e 8t+o)t LUone5s
attenton +a2n& been drected to t+e 'atter at all.
!e#t da" Professor 7anet +"$notsed LUone a&an1 and $resentl"
LUontne1 as )s)al1 ass)'ed control of t+e Dont $ersonalt". 6ell19 s+e
sad1 I dd 8+at "o) told 'e "esterda"Z -o8 st)$d t+e ot+er one
loo3ed9LUontne al8a"s calls LUone t+e ot+er one98+le I too3 +er
a$ron offZ 6+" dd "o) tell +er t+at +er a$ron 8as falln& offW I 8as obl&ed
to be&n t+e Dob o2er a&an.9
T+s trfln& ncdent 8ell ll)strates t+e '$ortant $ont 8+c+ /. 7anet
n 4rance and G)rne" n En&land +a2e lar&el" +el$ed to establs+1 na'el"1
t+e $ersstence of t+e +"$notc self1 as a re'e'bern& and reasonn& entt"1
d)rn& t+e re&n of t+e ordnar" self.
T+)s far 8e +a2e dealt 8t+ a secondar" $ersonalt" s)''oned nto
ben&1 so to sa"1 b" o)r o8n e#$er'ents1 and ta3n& ts orders entrel" fro'
us. It see's1 +o8e2er1 t+at1 8+en once set )$1 t+s ne8 $ersonalt" can
occasonall" ass)'e t+e ntat2e1 and can sa" 8+at t 8ants to sa" 8t+o)t
an" $ro'$tn&. T+s s c)ro)sl" ll)strated b" 8+at 'a" be ter'ed a
conDont e$stle addressed to Professor 7anet b" /'e. B.1 and +er secondar"
$ersonalt"1 LUontne. (+e +ad left -a2re 'ore t+an t8o 'ont+s 8+en I
rece2ed fro' +er a 2er" c)ro)s letter. On t+e frst $a&e 8as a s+ort note1
8rtten n a sero)s and res$ectf)l st"le. (+e 8as )n8ell1 s+e sad1 8orse on
so'e da"s t+an on ot+ers1 and s+e s&ned +er tr)e na'e1 /'e. B. B)t o2er
t+e $a&e be&an anot+er letter n a E)te dfferent st"le1 and 8+c+ I 'a"
E)ote as a c)rost"1 H/" dear &ood sr1 I ')st tell "o) t+at B. reall"1 reall"
'a3es 'e s)ffer 2er" ')c+G s+e cannot slee$1 s+e s$ts blood1 s+e +)rts 'eG
I a' &on& to de'ols+ +er1 s+e bores 'e1 I a' ll also1 t+s s fro' "o)r
de2oted LUontne.I 6+en /'e. B. ret)rned to -a2re I nat)rall" E)estoned
+er abo)t t+s sn&)lar 'ss2e. (+e re'e'bered t+e $irst letter 2er"
dstnctl"1Yb)t +ad not t+e sl&+test recollecton of t+e second.Y I at frst
t+o)&+t t+at t+ere ')st +a2e been an attac3 of s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls'
bet8een t+e 'o'ent 8+en s+e fns+ed t+e frst letter and t+e 'o'ent 8+en
s+e closed t+e en2elo$e.Y B)t after8ards t+ese )nconsco)s1 s$ontaneo)s
letters beca'e co''on1 and I 8as better able to st)d" t+er 'ode of
$rod)cton. I 8as fort)natel" able to 8atc+ /'e. B. on one occason 8+le
s+e 8ent t+ro)&+ t+s c)ro)s $erfor'ance. (+e 8as seated at a table1 and
+eld n +er left +and t+e $ece of 3nttn& at 8+c+ s+e +ad been 8or3n&.
-er face 8as cal'1 +er e"es loo3ed nto s$ace 8t+ a certan f#t"1 b)t s+e
8as not catale$tc1 for s+e 8as +)''n& a r)stc arG +er r&+t +and 8rote
E)c3l"1 and1 as t 8ere1 s)rre$tto)sl". I re'o2ed t+e $a$er 8t+o)t +er
notcn& 'e1 and t+en s$o3e to +erG s+e t)rned ro)nd1 8de a8a3e1 b)t
s)r$rsed to see 'e1 for n +er state of dstracton s+e +ad not notced '"
a$$roac+. Of t+e letter 8+c+ s+e 8as 8rtn& s+e 3ne8 not+n& 8+ate2er.9
LUontne5s nde$endent acton s not entrel" confned to 8rtn& letters.
(+e obser2ed (a$$arentl") t+at 8+en +er $r'ar" self1 LUone1 dsco2ered
t+ese letters1 s+e (LUone) tore t+e' )$. (o LUontne +t on t+e $lan of
$lacn& t+e' n a $+oto&ra$+c alb)' nto 8+c+ LUone co)ld not loo3
8t+o)t falln& nto catale$s" (on acco)nt of an assocaton of deas 8t+ ,r.
Gbert1 8+ose $ortrat +ad been n t+e alb)'). In order to acco'$ls+ an act
l3e t+s LUontne +as to 8at for a 'o'ent 8+en LUone s dstracted1 or1 as
8e sa"1 absentC'nded. If s+e can catc+ +er n t+s state LUontne can drect
LUone5s +i,IHJ- 8al3s1 for nstance1 or 'a3e +er start on a ral8a" Do)rne"
8t+o)t l)&&a&e1 n order to &et to -a2re as E)c3l" as $ossble.
It 8ll be obser2ed t+at LUontne +as no8 arr2ed at a $ont 'd8a"
bet8een t+e 'ere stages8+c+ cannot be called personaitiest+ro)&+
8+c+ G)rne"5s +"$notc s)bDects co)ld be led bac38ards and for8ards at
$leas)re (see ,(3 A)1 and1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e f)ll"Cde2elo$ed alternatn&
$ersonaltes of s)c+ a case as 4Ulda 0. (see (31 A). If LUontne 8ere
+abt)all" enco)ra&ed1 f a lar&e $art of /'e. B.5s lfe 8ere $assed n t+at
+"$notc sta&e n 8+c+ LUontne +olds )nc+ec3ed do'non1 8e ')st
s)$$ose t+at LUontne 8o)ld acE)re 'ore and 'ore $o8er of nter2enn&
n /'e. B.5s 8a3n& state+er LUone statealsoG )ntl $er+a$s t+e
rela$ses fro' LUontne nto LUone1fro' t+e secondar" nto t+e $r'ar"
$ersonalt"1'&+t beco'e as bref and rare as t+e" +a2e beco'e n t+e
oftenCcted case of 4Ulda 0. %nd t+)s t+e 8+ole $ersona&e '&+t )nder&o
$rofo)nd alteraton b" &rad)al ste$s leadn& on fro' 8+at 8as at frst a
'ere 'o'entar" e#$er'ent.
T+ere are1 +o8e2er1 e2en no8 str3n& dfferences bet8een t+e
c+aracters of LUone and LUontne.
T+s $oor $easant19 sa"s Professor 7anet1 s n +er nor'al state a
sero)s and so'e8+at 'elanc+ol" 8o'an1 cal' and slo81 2er" &entle and
e#tre'el" t'd. !o one 8o)ld s)s$ect t+e e#stence of t+e $ersona&e
8+o' s+e ncl)des 8t+n +er. -ardl" s s+e entranced 8+en s+e s
'eta'or$+osedJ +er face s no lon&er t+e sa'eG +er e"es ndeed re'an
closed1 b)t t+e ac)teness of +er ot+er senses co'$ensates for t+e absence of
s&+t. (+e beco'es &a"1 nos"1 and restless to an ns)$$ortable de&reeG s+e
contn)es &oodCnat)red1 b)t s+e +as acE)red a sn&)lar tendenc" to ron"
and btter Dests.Y In t+s state s+e does not reco&nse +er dentt" 8t+ +er
8a3n& self. HT+at &ood 8o'an s not I1I s+e sa"s1 Hs+e s too st)$dZI9
Besdes t+ese dfferences of c+aracter1 LUontne s n anot+er 8a" also a
re'ar3able +"$notc $ersonalt". /'e. B. +as been so often +"$notsed1
and d)rn& so 'an" "ears (for s+e 8as +"$notsed b" ot+er $+"scans as
lon& a&o as *AB>)1 t+at LUontne +as b" t+s t'e acE)red a 2er"
consderable stoc3 of 'e'ores 8+c+ /'e. B. does not s+are. LUontne1
t+erefore1 co)nts1 as $ro$erl" belon&n& to +er o8n +stor" and not to /'e.
B.5s1 all t+e e2ents 8+c+ +a2e ta3en $lace 8+le /'e1 B.5s nor'al self 8as
+"$notsed nto )nconsco)sness. It 8as not al8a"s eas" at frst to
)nderstand t+s $artton of $ast e#$erences.
/'e. B.1 n t+e nor'al state19 sa"s Professor 7anet1 +as a +)sband and
c+ldren. LUontne1 s$ea3n& n t+e so'na'b)lc trance1 attrb)tes t+e
+)sband to Ht+e ot+erI (/'e. B.)1 b)t attrb)tes t+e c+ldren to +erself.Y %t
last I learnt t+at +er for'er 'es'ersers1 as bold n t+er $ractce as certan
+"$notsers of toda"1 +ad nd)ced so'na'b)ls' at t+e t'e of +er
accouchements/ LUontne1 t+erefore1 8as E)te r&+t n attrb)tn& t+e
c+ldren to +erselfG t+e r)le of $artton 8as )nbro3en1 and t+e
so'na'b)ls' 8as c+aractersed b" a d)$lcaton of t+e s)bDect5s
e#stence.9 T+ere s)rel" co)ld +ardl" be a 'ore str3n& ll)straton of t+e
re'ar3 'ade (&roceedings, 2ol. 2. $. ..?) t+at 8+en once a second
'ne'onc c+an s 8o2en1 t+e e'er&ence of a second $ersonalt" s onl" a
'atter of de&ree.9
6e no8 co'e to consder t+e t+rd $ersonalt"1 LUonore. %lt+o)&+
LUone5s )nconsco)s acts are so'et'es (not al8a"s) concdent 8t+
LUontne5s consco)s ones1 LUontne5s )nconsco)s acts are ne2er ncl)ded
n LUone5s +i,IHK- 'e'or"1 an" 'ore t+an n LUontne5s o8n. T+e" belon&
to so'e ot+er1 to so'e $rofo)nder 'anfestaton of $ersonalt"1 to 8+c+ /.
7anet +as &2en t+e na'e of LUonore. %nd obser2e t+at D)st as LUontne can
so'et'es b" +er o8n 'oton and 8t+o)t s)&&eston 8rte a letter d)rn&
LUone5s 8a3n& state and &2e ad2ce 8+c+ LUone '&+t do 8ell to
follo81 so also LUonore can occasonall" nter2ene of +er o8n 'oton
d)rn& LUontne5s do'nance and &2e ad2ce 8+c+ LUontne '&+t 8t+
ad2anta&e obe".
T+e s$ontaneo)s acts of t+e )nconsco)s self19 sa"s /. 7anet1 +ere
'eann& b" Qinconscient t+e entt" to 8+c+ +e +as &2en t+e na'e of
LUonore1 'a" also ass)'e a 2er" reasonable for'1 a for' 8+c+1 8ere t
better )nderstood1 '&+t $er+a$s ser2e to e#$lan certan cases of nsant".
/'e. B.1 d)rn& +er so'na'b)ls' (i.e. LUontne)1 +ad +ad a sort of
+"stercal crssG s+e 8as restless and nos"1 and I co)ld not cal' +er.
()ddenl" s+e sto$$ed and sad to 'e 8t+ terror1 HO+1 8+o s tal3n& to 'e
l3e t+atW t fr&+tens 'e.I H!o one s tal3n& to "o).I HYesZ t+ere on t+e
leftZI %nd s+e &ot )$ and tred to o$en a 8ardrobe on +er left +and1 to see f
so'e one 8as +dden t+ere. H6+at s t t+at "o) +earWI I as3ed. HI +ear on
t+e left a 2oce 8+c+ re$eats1 Eno)&+Z eno)&+Z be E)etG "o) are a
n)sance.9I %ss)redl" t+e 2oce 8+c+ t+)s s$o3e 8as a reasonable one1 for
LUontne 8as ns)$$ortableG b)t I +ad s)&&ested not+n& of t+e 3nd1 and
+ad +ad no dea of ns$rn& a +all)cnaton of +earn&. %not+er da"
LUontne 8as E)te cal'1 b)t obstnatel" ref)sed to ans8er a E)eston 8+c+
I as3ed. %&an s+e +eard 8t+ terror t+e sa'e 2oce to +er left1 sa"n&1
HCo'e1 be sensble1 "o) ')st ans8er.I T+)s t+e )nconsco)s so'et'es
&a2e +er e#cellent ad2ce.9
%nd n effect1 so soon as LUonore1 n +er t)rn1 8as s)''oned nto
co'')ncaton1 s+e acce$ted t+e res$onsblt" of t+s co)nsel. 6+at 8as
t t+at +a$$ened19 as3ed /. 7anet1 8+en LUontne 8as so fr&+tenedW9 O+1
not+n&G t 8as I 8+o told +er to 3ee$ E)etG I sa8 t+at s+e 8as anno"n&
"o)G I don5t 3no8 8+" s+e 8as so fr&+tened.9
!ote t+e s&nfcance of t+s ncdent. -ere 8e +a2e &ot at t+e root of a
+all)cnaton. 6e +a2e not 'erel" nferental b)t drect e2dence t+at t+e
'a&nar" 2oce 8+c+ terrfed LUontne $roceeded fro' a $rofo)nder
strat)' of consco)sness n t+e sa'e nd2d)al.
7)st as /'e. B. 8as sent b" $asses nto a state of let+ar&" fro' 8+c+
s+e e'er&ed as LUontne1 so also LUontne n +er t)rn 8as red)ced b"
rene8ed $asses to a state of let+ar&" fro' 8+c+ s+e e'er&ed no lon&er as
LUontne1 b)t as LUonore. T+s second a8a3enn& s slo8 and &rad)al1 b)t
t+e $ersonalt" 8+c+ e'er&es s n one 'ost '$ortant $ont s)$eror to
et+er LUone or LUontne. %lone a'on& t+e s)bDect5s $+ases t+s $+ase
$ossesses t+e 'e'or" of every $+ase. LUonore1 l3e LUontne1 3no8s t+e
nor'al lfe of LUone1 b)t dstn&)s+es +erself fro' LUone1 n 8+o'1 t
')st be sad1 t+ese s)bDacent $ersonaltes a$$ear to ta3e lttle nterest. B)t
LUonore also re'e'bers t+e lfe of LUontne1 conde'ns +er as nos" and
fr2olo)s1 and s an#o)s not to be confo)nded 8t+ +er et+er. Vo)s 2o"eN
ben E)e De ne s)s $as cette ba2arde1 cette folleGno)s ne no)s
resse'blons $as d) to)t.9 %nd n fact LUonore5s o8n c+aracter1 so far as t
+as "et been 'anfested1 s 8ort+" of t+at $rofo)nder $lace n t+e
$ersonalt" 8+c+ s+e see's to occ)$".
Yet one f)rt+er 2araton1 and I end '" bref r;sum; of t+s co'$le#
+stor". LUonore s lable to $ass nto a state 8+c+ does not1 ndeed1
nterr)$t +er c+an of 'e'or"1 b)t 8+c+ re'o2es +er for a t'e fro' t+e
$ossblt" of co'')ncaton 8t+ ot+er 'nds. (+e &ro8s $ale1 s+e ceases
to s$ea3 or to +ear1 +er +i,IHL- e"es1 t+o)&+ stll s+)t1 are t)rned
+ea2en8ards1 +er 'o)t+ s'les1 and +er face ta3es an e#$resson of
beatt)de.
T+s s $lanl" a state of soCcalled ecstas"G b)t t dffers fro' t+e ecstas"
co''on n +"stercal attac3s n one ca$tal $ont. !ot onl" s t re'e'bered
ndstnctl"1 $er+a$sb" LUonore1 8+o descrbes +erself as +a2n& been
daNNled b" a l&+t on t+e left sde1 b)t also t brn&s 8t+ t t+e 'ost co'$le#
of all t+e c+ans of 'e'or"1 s)$$le'entn& e2en LUonore5s recollecton on
certan acts 8+c+ +a2e been acco'$ls+ed )nconsco)sl" b" LUonore
+erself.
T+e s)bDoned sc+e'e1 s'$lfed fro' t+at &2en b" Professor 7anet1
'a" enable t+e reader to follo8 t+e abo2e descr$ton 8t+ &reater ease. T+e
s+aded s$aces ndcate absence of consco)sness.
,a&r
a'
of t+e
Dont
lfe
of

LUon
e
Ordnar"
8a3n&
lfe

Ordnar"
8a3n&
lfe
LUont
ne
Rno8led
&e
of
LUoneJ
latent
E'er&ence
n
so'na'b)l
c
lfe

E'er&ence
n
so'na'b)l
c
lfe
Rno8led&e
of LUoneJ
latent
LUono
re
Rno8led
&e
of
LUone
&
LUontne
J
latent
Rno8led&e
of
LUontneJ
latent
E'er&e
nce
and
ecstas"
Rno8led&e
of
LUontneJ
latent
Rno8led&e
of LUone
&
LUontneJ
latent
(30 B . T+e &reater n)'ber of facts re$orted n .QAutomatisme
&sychoogique, as Professor 7anet sa"s n +s ntrod)cton1 8ere obser2ed n
fo)r of +s $rnc$al s)bDects1 8+o' +e called LUone1 L)ce1 Rose1 and
/are. %'on& all t+e s)bDects +e 3ne81 +e re&arded t+ese fo)r as t+e 'ost
satsfactor" for $)r$oses of $s"c+olo&cal e#$er'entG $artl" beca)se of +s
lon& and co'$lete acE)antance 8t+ all t+e detals of t+er 'alades and
c+aracters1 and $artl" beca)se+a2n& been al8a"s obser2ed 8t+ care and
onl" b" co'$etent $ersonst+e" +ad been as lttle as $ossble affected b"
t+e e#a'$le of ot+er $atents1 or b" s)&&estons '$r)dentl" 'ade n t+er
$resence. T+e case of LUone +as D)st been &2en1 and t+at of L)ce s al'ost
eE)all" nstr)ct2e. (+e 8as descrbed frst n artcles $)bls+ed b"
Professor 7anet n t+e 7evue &hiosophique, ben& t+ere called L.19 and t+e
s)''ar" +ere &2en s fo)nded c+efl" on an artcle n t+e 7evue for
,ece'ber *AAB1 b)t ado$ts t+e no'enclat)re of t+e dfferent $ersonaltes
or sta&es of $ersonalt"L)ce *1 L)ce .1 L)ce ;)sed n .QAutomatisme
&sychoogique.
T+e s)bDect 8as a &rl of nneteen1 8+o 8as +&+l" +"stercal1 +a2n&
attac3s dal" of se2eral +o)rs5 d)raton. (+e 8as also de2od of t+e sense of
$an1 or t+e sense of contact1 so t+at s+e lost +er le&s n bed19 as s+e $)t t. I
'a" be&n b" sa"n& t+at /. 7anet and ,r. Po8le8cN co'$letel" c)red
+er1 'anl" b" +"$notc s)&&eston1 so t+at t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ I a'
abo)t to descrbe1 t+o)&+ 'orbd n t+e sense t+at t+e" occ)rred n a 'orbd
$erson1 8ere +ealt+" n t+e sense t+at t+e" 8ere ncdental to a $rocess of
c)re.
+i,IHM-
PostC+"$notc s)&&eston s)cceeded easl"1 8t+ no recollecton n t+e
8a3n& state of t+e +"$notc co''and. %t frst1 +o8e2er1 t 8as necessar"
t+at t+e +"$notsed s)bDectL)ce .s+o)ld assent 8+en s+e 8as told to
do so'et+n& on a8a3enn&. 6+en t+e co''and 8as an )n8elco'e one
s+e 8o)ld sa" no nstead of yes, and 8o)ld not f)lfl t on a8a3n&.
On +er fft+ +"$notsaton1 +o8e2er1 L)ce )nder8ent a 3nd of bref
catale$s"1 after 8+c+ s+e ret)rned to t+e so'na'b)lc stateG b)t t+at state
8as dee$er t+an before. (T+s 8as t+e frst a$$earance of L)ce ;.) (+e no
lon&er 'ade an" s&n1 8+et+er of assent or ref)sal1 8+en s+e rece2ed t+e
+"$notc co''andsG b)t s+e e#ec)ted t+e' nfallbl"1 8+et+er t+e" 8ere to
ta3e effect ''edatel" or after a8a3n&. /oreo2er1 t+e s)&&ested actons
beca'e absol)tel" a $orton of t+e tranceClfe. (+e e#ec)ted t+e' 8t+o)t
a$$arentl" 3no8n& 8+at s+e 8as don&. If1 for nstance1 n +er 8a3n& state
s+e 8as told (n t+e tone 8+c+ n +er +"$notc state s&nfed co''and) to
&et )$ and 8al3 abo)t1 s+e 8al3ed abo)t1 b)t1 to D)d&e fro' +er
con2ersaton1 s+e s)$$osed +erself to be stll sttn& E)et. (+e 8o)ld 8ee$
2olentl" 8+en co''anded1 b)t 8+le s+e 8e$t s+e contn)ed to tal3 as
&al" and )nconcernedl" as f t+e tears +ad been t)rned on b" a sto$Ccoc3.
One da" /. 7anet be&&ed L)ce1 n +er 8a3n& state (i.e. L)ce *)1 to resist
+s ne#t co''and. (+e sad t+at s+e 8as not a8are t+at s+e +ad e2er obe"ed
+'1 and 8o)ld certanl" resst no8. T+e co''and 8as &2en1 and s+e
e#ec)ted t )nconsco)sl"1 8+le stll $rotestn& t+at s+e 8o)ld certanl"
resst.
-ere1 t+en1 8as an ndcaton of a ne8 $artton of t+e dentt"not
'erel" t+at $artton 8+c+ s +abt)all" establs+ed bet8een t+e +"$notc
trance and t+e 8a3n& state. 4or t+s ne8 $artton s)bssted eE)all" n bot+
states1 and t+e d2dn& bo)ndar" 8as no ob2o)s &)lf1 b)t a lne as
'a&nar" as t+e EE)ator. 4or t+e lne 8as 'erel" t+s1 t+at an" s)&&eston
)ttered b" /. 7anet n a br)sE)e tone of co''and reac+ed t+e s)bl'nal
self aloneG an" ot+er re'ar3 reac+ed t+e s)bDecta8a3e or so'na'b)lc
n t+e ordnar" 8a".
T+e ne#t ste$ 8as to test t+e ntell&ence of L)ce ;. /. 7anet be&an
8t+ a s'$le e#$er'ent. 6+en I s+all +a2e cla$$ed '" +ands to&et+er
t8el2e t'es19 +e sad to t+e entranced s)bDect before a8a3enn& +er1 "o)
8ll &o to slee$ a&an.9 T+ere 8as no s&n t+at t+e slee$er +eard or
)nderstoodG and 8+en s+e 8as a8a3ened t+e e2ents of t+e trance 8ere blan3
to +er1 as )s)al. (+e be&an tal3n& to ot+er $ersons. /. 7anet1 at so'e lttle
dstance1 cla$$ed +s +ands feebl" to&et+er f2e t'es. (een& t+at s+e dd
not see' to be attendn& to +'1 +e 8ent )$ to +er and sad1 ,d "o) +ear
8+at I dd D)st no8W9 !o1 8+atW9 ,o "o) +ear thisW9 and +e cla$$ed +s
+ands once 'ore. Yes1 "o) cla$$ed "o)r +ands.9 -o8 oftenW9 Once.9
/. 7anet a&an 8t+dre81 and no8 cla$$ed +s +ands s# t'es &entl"1 8t+
$a)ses bet8een t+e cla$s. L)ce $ad no a$$arent attentonG b)t 8+en t+e
s#t+ cla$ of t+s second seres'a3n& t+e t8elft+ alto&et+er8as
reac+ed1 s+e fell nstantl" nto t+e trance a&an.
It see'ed1 t+en1 t+at L)ce ; +ad co)nted t+e cla$s t+ro)&+ all1 and +ad
obe"ed t+e order. /. 7anet 2ared t+e condtonsG ordern& t+at t+e &rl
s+o)ld fall aslee$ 8+en +e s+o)ld 'enton t+e sa'e letter of t+e al$+abet
t8ce n s)ccessonG or 8+en t+e s)' of t+e d&ts 8+c+ +e 'entoned
s+o)ld reac+ ten. T+e res)lt s+o8ed t+at L)ce ; co)ld s)ccessf)ll" attend
and obe" so lon& as t+e $roble' 8as a s'$le one1 b)t t+at 8+en t+e
$roble' beca'e too co'$le#1 conf)son ens)ed.
+i,IHN-
T+)s far1 +o8e2er1 t+e 3no8led&e &aned as to L)ce ; 8as not direct
b)t nferental. T+e nat)re of t+e co''ands 8+c+ s+e co)ld e#ec)te
s+o8ed +er to be ca$able of attenton and 'e'or"G b)t t+ere 8as no 8a" of
learnn& +er o8n conce$ton of +erself1 f s)c+ e#sted1 nor of deter'nn&
+er relaton to ot+er $+eno'ena of t+e trance. %nd +ere t s t+at a)to'atc
8rtn& 8as s)ccessf)ll" n2o3ed. /. 7anet be&an b" t+e follo8n& s'$le
co''andJ 6+en I cla$ '" +ands "o) 8ll 8rte )on"our.9 T+s 8as done
n t+e )s)al loose and scra8ln& scr$t of a)to'ats'1 and L)ce1 t+o)&+
f)ll" a8a3e1 8as not a8are t+at s+e +ad 8rtten an"t+n& at all. (+e 8as
ne#t ordered to 8rte a letter1 8+c+ s+e dd n a co''on$lace st"le1 and
s&ned L)ce.9 B)t L)ce 8as )nconsco)s of t+e letterC8rtn&1 and 8+en
t+e e$stle 8as s+o8n to +er s+e $rono)nced t a for&er". T+e )nconsco)s
+and 8as a&an bdden to 8rte a letterG t 8rote 8ord for 8ord t+e sa'e
letter as before1 as f t 8ere a ')scalCbo# 8o)nd )$ to re$eat a $artc)lar
t)ne.
B" 'eans of a s'$le artfce1 +o8e2er1 t 8as fo)nd $ossble to do
'ore t+an t+s. /. 7anet s'$l" ordered t+e entranced &rl to 8rte ans8ers
to all E)estons of +s after +er a8a3enn&. T+e co''and t+)s &2en +ad a
$ersstent effect1 and 8+le L)ce * contn)ed to c+atter as )s)al 8t+ ot+er
$ersons1 L)ce ; 8rote bref and scra8ln& res$onses to /. 7anet5s
E)estons. T+s 8as t+e 'o'ent at 8+c+ n 'an" cases a ne8 and se$arate
n2adn& $ersonalt" s ass)'edG and f L)ce +ad bele2ed n $ossesson b"
de2lsas so 'an" s'larl"Cconstt)ted s)bDects n old t'es bele2ed8e
can +ardl" do)bt t+at t+e ener&" no8 8rtn& t+ro)&+ +er +and 8o)ld +a2e
ass)'ed t+e st"le and ttle of a fa'lar s$rt.9 Or f1 a&an1 s+e +ad been a
'odern ($rt)alst1 t s $robable t+at t+e s&nat)re of so'e deceased frend
8o)ld +a2e a$$eared at t+e foot of t+ese co'')ncatons. B)t +ere t+e
co'')ncatn& ntell&ence9 8as of so ob2o)sl" arti$icia a 3nd t+at t
co)ld scarcel" 2ent)re to $retend to be et+er a de2l or L)ce5s
&rand'ot+er. % sn&)lar con2ersaton &a2e to t+s l'ted creaton1 t+s
statutory inteigence, an dentt" s)ffcent for $ractcal con2enence. ,o
"o) +ear 'eW9 as3ed Professor 7anet. %ns8er (b" 8rtn&)1 !o.9 B)t n
order to ans8er one ')st +earW9 Certanl".9 T+en +o8 do "o) 'ana&eW9
I don5t 3no8.9 T+ere ')st be so'ebod" 8+o +ears 'eW9 Yes.9 6+o s
tW9 !ot L)ce.9 O+1 so'e one elseW (+all 8e call +er Blanc+eW9 Yes1
Blanc+e.9 6ell t+en1 Blanc+e1 do "o) +ear 'eW9 Yes.9 T+s na'e1
+o8e2er1 +ad to be c+an&ed1 for t+e follo8n& reasonJT+e na'e Blanc+e
+a$$ened to +a2e 2er" dsa&reeable assocatons n L)ce5s 'ndG and 8+en
L)ce 8as s+o8n t+e $a$er 8t+ t+e na'e Blanc+e1 8+c+ s+e +ad
)nconsco)sl" 8rtten1 s+e 8as an&r"1 and 8anted to tear t )$. %not+er
na'e +ad to be c+osen. 6+at na'e 8ll "o) +a2eW9 !o na'e.9 Yo)
')stt 8ll be 'ore con2enent.9 6ell t+en1 %drenne.9 !e2er1 $er+a$s1
+as a $ersonalt" +ad less s$ontanet" abo)t t.
Yet %drenne (L)ce ;) 8as n so'e res$ects deeper do#n t+an L)ce *.
(+e co)ld &et at t+e &eness of certan $s"c+cal 'anfestatons of 8+c+
L)ce * e#$erenced onl" t+e res)lts. % str3n& nstance of t+s 8as
afforded b" t+e $+eno'ena of t+e +"steroCe$le$tc attac3s to 8+c+ t+s
$atent 8as s)bDect.
In cases of t+s sort t often +a$$ens t+at t+e $atent5s 'a&naton d)rn&
t+e attac3 s e#cted b" t+e re'nscence of so'e scene of terror 8+c+
$er+a$s frst set on foot t+s ner2o)s dst)rbance. On a s'aller scale t+s
rec)rrence to a stll do'nant 'o'ent of $ast fear 'a" be fa'lar to so'e
of '" readers I 3no8 a lad" 8+o 8as ')c+ fr&+tened n c+ld+ood b" a
lar&e do& 8+c+ s$ran& o)t on +erG and 8+o stll1 n 'o'ents of alar' or
a&taton1 see's to +i,IHO- see t+e creat)re s$rn& at +er a&an. 6ell1 L)ce5s
s$ecal terror1 8+c+ rec)rred n 8ld e#cla'aton n +er +"stercal fts1 8as
so'e+o8 connected 8t+ hidden men. (+e co)ld not1 +o8e2er1 recollect t+e
ncdent to 8+c+ +er cres referredG s+e onl" 3ne8 t+at s+e +ad +ad a se2ere
fr&+t at se2en "ears old1 and an llness n conseE)ence. !o8 d)rn& t+ese
crises L)ce (e#ce$t1 $res)'abl"1 n t+e $erods of )nconsco)sness
8+c+ for' a $rett" constant ele'ent n s)c+ attac3s) co)ld +ear 8+at
Professor 7anet sad to +er. %drenne1 on t+e contrar"1 8as +ard to &et at1
co)ld no lon&er obe" orders1 and f s+e 8rote1 8rote onl"1 1Qai peur, "Qai
peur.
/. 7anet1 +o8e2er1 8ated tll t+e attac3 8as o2er1 and t+en E)estoned
%drenne as to t+e tr)e 'eann& of t+e a&tated scene. %drenne 8as able to
descrbe to +' t+e terrf"n& ncdent n +er c+lds+ lfe 8+c+ +ad
or&nated t+e conf)sed +all)cnatons 8+c+ rec)rred d)rn& t+e attac3. (+e
co)ld not e#$lan t+e recr)descence of t+e +all)cnatonsG b)t s+e 3ne8
8+at L)ce sa8 and 8+" s+e sa8 tJ na"1 ndeed1 t 8as %drenne rat+er t+an
L)ce to 8+o' t+e +all)cnatons 8ere drectl" 2sble. %drenne t+)s
a$$eared to be n a sense 'ore dee$l" n2ol2ed t+an L)ce * and . n t+e
+"stercal attac3s. B)t t ')st not be t+erefore s)$$osed t+at %drenne
re$resented a necessarl" morbid as$ect of t+e co'$le# dentt". %nd t+e
e#$er'ents s+o8ed t+at +er $lane of e#stence la" beneath so'e of t+e
s)$erfcal e2ls fro' 8+c+ L)ce * s)ffered.
L)ce * 8as a +"stercal $atent1 2er" sero)sl" a'ss. One cons$c)o)s
s"'$to' 8as an al'ost absol)te defect of sensblt"1 8+et+er to $an1 to
+eat1 or to contact1 8+c+ $erssted bot+ 8+en s+e 8as a8a3e and 8+en
entranced. T+ere 8as1 as alread" 'entoned1 an entre defect of t+e ')sc)lar
sense also1 so t+at 8+en +er e"es 8ere s+)t s+e dd not 3no8 t+e $oston of
+er l'bs. !e2ert+eless1 t 8as re'ar3ed as an ano'al" t+at 8+en s+e 8as
t+ro8n nto t+e catale$tc state (L)ce ;)1 not onl" dd t+e 'o2e'ents
'$ressed on +er contn)e to be 'ade1 b)t t+e corres$ondn& or
co'$le'entar" 'o2e'ents1 t+e corres$ondn& facal e#$resson1 follo8ed
D)st as t+e" )s)all" follo8 n s)c+ e#$er'ents. T+)s1 f /. 7anet clenc+ed
+er fst n t+e catale$tc sta&e1 +er ar' be&an to deal blo8s1 and +er face
ass)'ed a loo3 of an&er. T+e s)&&eston &2en through the so,caed
muscuar sense +ad o$erated on a s)bDect n 8+o' t+e ')sc)lar sense1 as
tested n ot+er 8a"s1 +ad see'ed to be 8+oll" lac3n&. %s soon as %drenne
co)ld be co'')ncated 8t+1 t 8as $ossble to &et so'e8+at nearer to a
sol)ton of t+s $)NNle. L)ce 8as t+ro8n nto catale$s"G t+en /. 7anet
clenc+ed +er left +and (s+e be&an at once to str3e o)t)1 $)t a $encl n +er
r&+t +and1 and sad1 %drenne1 8+at are "o) don&W9 T+e left +and
contn)ed to str3e1 and t+e face to bear t+e loo3 of ra&e1 8+le t+e r&+t
+and 8rote1 I a' f)ro)s.9 6t+ 8+o'W9 6t+ 4.9 6+"W9 I don5t
3no81 b)t I a' 2er" an&r".9 /. 7anet t+en )nclenc+ed t+e s)bDect5s left
+and and $)t t &entl" to +er l$s. It be&an to blo8 3sses19 and t+e face
s'led. %drenne1 are "o) stll an&r"W9 !o1 t+at5s o2er.9 %nd no8W9
O+Z I a' +a$$".9 %nd L)ceW9 (+e 3no8s not+n&1 s+e s aslee$.9
!o81 so far as I 3no81 t+s s absol)tel" t+e frst &l'$se t+at +as "et
been obtaned nto t+e s)bDect2e ben& of t+e s)bDect n t+e cataeptic state.
6e +a2e t+)s far onl" been able to conDect)re 8+et+er t+ere 8as or 8as not
an" $s"c+cal conco'tant of t+e catale$tc &est)res of an&er or satsfacton.
Il n5" a E)e le catale$tE)e19 sa" //. Bnet and 4UrU1
*
E) 'Urte le no'
d5a)to'ate +i,IIP- YOn a dt a2ec rason E)e le catale$tE)e n5a $ont )ne
$ersonnaltU a l)1 E)5l n5e#ste $as de moi cataeptique9 Yet t+e 3e" of
a)to'atc 8rtn& +as )nloc3ed t+s closel"Cbarred c+a'ber1 and +as s+o8n
)s t+at t+e clenc+ed fst1 8+c+ str3es o)t at o)r s)&&eston as f t 8ere
'o2ed b" a s$rn&1 does n fact '$l" a corres$ondn& e'oton of an&er1
8+c+ (n L)ce5s case at least) s defnte eno)&+ to select ts o8n ob"ect,
alt+o)&+ t cannot e#$lan to )s ts o8n origin.
T+e $ec)lar condton of L)ce 8+en a8a3e adds a f)rt+er nterest to
t+s e#$er'ent. 6+en a8a3e1 s+e s)ffered1 as I +a2e e#$laned1 fro' a
&ra2e sensor" dst)rbancean entre absence of t+e soCcalled ')sc)lar
sense. B)t +ere 8e fnd L)ce ; (%drenne) $ossessed of t+at sense
res$ondn& to ')sc)lar st')l n a 8a" 8+c+ s+o8ed nor'al sensblt".
%drenne5s ntell&ence1 ndeed1 s+o8ed lttle verve or s$ontanet"G b)t s+e
'&+t cla' t+at f s+e 8ere beneat+ t+e le2el of L)ce5s 8a3n& ntellect1
s+e 8asn anot+er sensebeneat+ t+e le2el of L)ce5s sensor"
dst)rbances as 8ellJ so'e8+at as dee$Csea denNens are beneat+ not t+e
s)nl&+t onl" b)t t+e stor'. T+s 8as1 n fact1 a c)l'nant e#a'$le of t+e
dsa$$earance1 n +"$notc trance1 of f)nctonal ner2o)s deran&e'ents. T+e
nabltes 8+c+ res)lt fro' or&anc leson s)bsst1 of co)rse1 t+o)&+ t+e"
'a" lose t+er $anf)l c+aracterG b)t t+e nabltes 8+c+1 for 8ant of a
better na'e1 8e call +"stercal1 'a"1 an" of t+e'1 n an" $+ase of
+"$nots'1 c+an&e1 d'ns+1 or dsa$$ear.
T+)s1 as n 4Ulda 0.5s case (&2en n (31 A)1 t+e secondar" or nd)ced
state 8as n so'e res$ects ess 'orbd t+an t+e +abt)al statefree fro' t+e
ner2o)s tro)bles 8+c+ cr$$led t+e $atent5s 8a3n& lfe. :nless 'orbd9
s to beco'e a 8ord as E)estonCbe&&n& as t+e 8ord nat)ral9 lon& +as
been1 8e ')st be as caref)l not to call t+ese no2el states 'orbd as 8e
s+o)ld be not to descrbe t+ese o$eratons of !at)re as )nnat)ral.
In L)ce5s case1 ndeed1 t+ese odd 'anfestatons 8ereas t+e $)re
e#$er'entalst '&+t sa"onl" too sanat2e1 onl" too ra$dl" tendn& to
nor'alt". /. 7anet acco'$aned +s $s"c+olo&cal nE)res 8t+
t+era$e)tc s)&&estontelln& %drenne not onl" to &o to slee$ 8+en +e
cla$$ed +s +ands1 or to ans8er +s E)estons n 8rtn&1 b)t to cease +a2n&
+eadac+es1 to cease +a2n& con2)ls2e attac3s1 to reco2er nor'al sensblt"1
and so on. %drenne obe"edG and e2en as s+e obe"ed t+e ratonal co''and1
+er o8n :ndneCl3e dentt" 2ans+ed a8a". T+e da" ca'e 8+en /. 7anet
called on %drenne1 and L)ce la)&+ed and as3ed +' 8+o' +e 8as tal3n&
to. L)ce 8as no8 a +ealt+" "o)n& 8o'anG b)t %drenne1 8+o +ad rsen o)t
of t+e :nconsco)s1 +ad s)n3 nto t+e :nconsco)s a&an')st I sa"Wfor
e2er'ore.
I ')st no8 $ont o)t t+e c+ef lesson 8+c+ s n '" 2e8 to be dra8n
fro' a st)d" of t+s case. 6e +a2e +ere demonstraby 8+at 8e can fnd n
ot+er cases onl" in$erentiayan ntell&ence 'anfestn& tself
contn)o)sl" b" 8rtten ans8ers1 of $)r$ort E)te o)tsde t+e nor'al
s)bDect5s s)$ral'nal 'nd1 8+le "et t+at ntell&ence 8as b)t a $art1 a
fracton1 an as$ect1 of t+e nor'al s)bDect5s o8n dentt".
6e ')st bear t+s ascertaned factfor t s as near to an ascertaned
fact as an"t+n& 8+c+ t+s $er$le#n& nE)r" can brn& )ssteadl" n
'nd 8+le 8e deal 8t+ f)t)re cases. %nd 8e ')st re'e'ber t+at
%drenne8+le s+e 8as1 f I 'a" so sa"1 t+e s)bl'nal self red)ced to +i,
IIG- ts s'$lest e#$ressondd1 ne2ert+eless1 'anfest certan dfferences
fro' L)ce1 8+c+1 f sl&+tl" e#a&&erated1 '&+t +a2e been 2er"
$er$le#n&. -er +and8rtn& 8as sl&+tl" dfferent1 t+o)&+ onl" n t+e loose
and scra8ln& c+aracter so freE)ent n a)to'atc scr$t. ()$$ose t+e
+and8rtn& +ad been rat+er more dfferent1 and +ad 2a&)el" rese'bled t+at
of so'e deceased 'e'ber of t+e fa'l"W It s eas" to )nderstand 8+at
nferences '&+t +a2e been based on s)c+ a fact. %&an1 %drenne
re'e'bered certan ncdents n L)ce5s c+ld+ood 8+c+ L)ce +ad 8+oll"
for&otten. T+ese e2ents occ)rred at a &rand'ot+er5s +o)se. ()$$ose t+at t+e
sentence recordn& t+e' +ad been s&ned 8t+ t+e grandmotherQs na'e1
nstead of 8t+ t+e 'erel" arbtrar" na'e selected for t+e con2enence of a
cool obser2erW -ere1 too1 t s eas" to 'a&ne t+e confdencen one sense
t+e 8ellC&ro)nded confdence8t+ 8+c+ an" 3no8led&e on L)ce5s o8n
$art of t+ose lon& $ast e2ents 8o)ld +a2e been dscla'ed.
(30 C . Ot+er cases of ')lt$le $ersonalt" de2elo$ed n connecton
8t+ t+e +"$notc trance +a2e been st)ded b" Professor Perre 7anet5s
brot+er1 ,r. 7)les 7anet1 and 8ere descrbed b" t+e latter n a $a$er enttled
L5-"stUre et l5-"$nots'e1 d5a$rPs la T+Uore de la ,o)ble PersonnaltU19
n t+e 7evue Scienti$ique, /a" *@t+1 *AAA. One of t+ese cases 8as t+at of
Professor C+arcot5s fa'o)s s)bDect1 Blanc+e 6tt'an1 8+ose +stor"1 as
de2elo$ed n t+e +ands of ,r. 7)les 7anet1 I &2e n a later %$$end# . ,(( A
/.
%not+er case1
*
treated also b" /. 7)les 7anet1 and 8+c+ +e 3ndl" &a2e
'e t+e o$$ort)nt" of seen&1 8as e2en 'ore re'ar3able n a t+era$e)tc
as$ect. It s $er+a$s t+e 'ost 'ar3ed a'on& t+ose 2er" rare cases 8+ere t
can be sad 8t+ confdence t+at deat+ tself +as been a2erted b" a +"$notc
c+an&e of $ersonalt".
4ro' t+e a&e of t+rteen t+e $atent1 /arcelne R.1 +ad been s)bDect to a
'serable seres of +"stercal tro)blesc+orea1 crises, anFst+esa1 &c. In
7an)ar" *AAB t+e +"stercal tendenc" too3 ts 'ost sero)s for'of
ns)$erable 2o'tn&1 8+c+ beca'e so bad t+at t+e 2er" s&+t of a s$oonf)l
of so)$ $rod)ced dstressn& s$as's. %rtfcal 'eans of feedn& 8ere tred1
8t+ d'ns+n& s)ccess1 and n 7)ne *AA= s+e 8as $aral"tc and so
e'acated t+at (n s$te of t+e rart" of deat+s fro' an" for' of +"stera) +er
deat+ fro' e#+a)ston a$$eared ''nent.
/. 7anet 8as t+en as3ed to +"$notse +er. %l'ost at once +e s)cceeded
n nd)cn& a so'na'b)lc state n 8+c+ s+e co)ld eat readl" and d&est
8ell. -er 8e&+t ncreased ra$dl"1 and t+ere 8as no lon&er an" an#et" as
to a fatal res)lt. B)t t+e &ra2e ncon2enence re'aned t+at s+e co)ld onl"
eat 8+en +"$notsed /. 7anet tred to o2erco'e t+s dffc)lt"G for a t'e +e
s)cceededG and s+e left t+e +i,IIH- +os$tal for a fe8 'ont+s. (+e soon1
+o8e2er1 ret)rned n +er old state of star2aton. /. 7anet no8 c+an&ed +s
tactcs. Instead of tr"n& to enable +er to eat n +er frst or soCcalled nor'al
state1 +e resol2ed to tr" to enable +er to l2e co'fortabl" n +er secondar"
state. In t+s +e &rad)all" s)cceeded1 and sent +er o)t n October *AAA1
establs+ed n +er ne8 $ersonalt". T+e onl" ncon2enences of t+s c+an&e
see' to be (*) t+at 8+en s+e +as been left so'e 'ont+s 8t+o)t reC
+"$notsaton a tendenc" to +"stercal ')ts' sets nG and (.) t+at 8+ene2er
s+e s a8a3ened9 nto +er $irst $ersonalt" s+e +as lost (l3e 4Ulda 0.) all
'e'or" of t+e t'e $assed n t+e second.
%fter so'e s+orter trals1 /. 7anet +"$notsed +er !o2e'ber *.t+1 *AAA1
and left +er n +er secondar" state tll 7an)ar" *?t+1 *AA@. -e t+en a8o3e9
+er1 b)t t+e 2o'tn& at once ret)rned1 and s+e a&an a$$led to /. 7anet for
+el$. -e +"$notsed +er1 and left +er n +er second state tll /arc+ ;*st. -e
t+en a&an a8o3e9 +er1 8t+ t+e sa'e res)lt. %&an +e +"$notsed +erG and
8+en +e too3 'e to see +er on %)&)st *>t+1 s+e +ad been n t+e +"$notc
state contn)o)sl" for t+ree 'ont+s and ten da"s1 d)rn& 8+c+ t'e s+e +ad
s)ccessf)ll" $assed a 8rtten e#a'naton for t+e offce of +os$tal n)rse1
8+c+ s+e +ad faled to $ass n +er nor'al state.
6+en 8e sa8 +er1 %)&)st *>t+1 s+e 8as nor'al n a$$earance and
'anner1 e#ce$t for a certan s+ortness of breat+1 or dffc)lt" of s$ea3n&1
8+c+ /. 7anet e#$laned as l3el" to de2elo$ nto +"stercal ')ts' f
+"$notsaton 8ere not rene8ed. (+e 8as farl" 8ell no)rs+ed1 and +er
e#$resson 8as o$en and contented.
/. 7anet resol2ed not 'erel" to reC+"$notse +er1 b)t to 8a3e +er and
lea2e +er for a t'e n +er frst state1 n order to see 8+et+er t+e d"s$+a&a
+ad dsa$$eared1 and at t+e sa'e t'e to obser2e 8+et+er t+e loss of
recollecton of t+e e2ents of t+e secondar" state 8as reall" co'$lete. -e
8o3e +ern t+e old Ellotsonan fas+onb" re2erse $asses.9 -er c+an&e
of e#$resson 8as 2er" notceable. T+e loo3 of eas" content 8as re$laced b"
a $aned1 an#o)s ar. -er attenton 8as at once arrested b" so'e 'asons at
8or3 n t+e co)rt"ard1 8+o a$$arentl" +ad $)lled do8n a 8all1 or 'ade
so'e s'lar c+an&e1 snce +er last 8a3enn&. %s3ed 8+at s+e 8as loo3n&
at1 s+e sad1 n a lo81 t'd 2oce1 I +ad not obser2ed t+e alteratons.9
%s3ed 8+at da" of t+e 8ee3 t 8as1 s+e sad ()nda"9and n fact /arc+
;*st 8as a ()nda". 6+at da" of t+e 'ont+W9 /arc+ ;*st.9 -o81 t+en1 s
t+s oleander n t+e co)rt"ard n flo8erW9 O+1 sr19 s+e sad1 t+ose flo8ers
are onl" $a$er.9 4eel t+e'Z9 (+e felt t+e' t'dl"1 and sad not+n& 'ore.
6+at +ad "o) for brea3fast t+s 'ornn&W9 I tred to ta3e so'e 'l3.9
T+s a&an referred to /arc+ ;*ston %)&)st *>t+ s+e +ad brea3fasted on
ordnar" sold food. ,rn3 a lttle no8.9 (+e atte'$ted1 b)t s$as's at once
be&an1 and s+e co)ld not retan t. 6e t+en left +erG b)t Professor Perre
7anet (8+o 8as +i,III- also $resent) told 'e later t+at d)rn& t+e t8o or
t+ree da"s for 8+c+ s+e 8as left n +er frst state t+e alar'n& 2o'tn&
contn)ed and s+e be&an to s$t blood. /" brot+er 8as sent for1 and
deter'ned to reC+"$notse +er. (+e 8as cal'ed as f b" enc+ant'ent1 and s
no8 n e#cellent condton. ,)rn& +er t8o H8a3n&I da"s s+e 'ade a
n)'ber of sero)s bl)nders not onl" as re&ards +er 'ot+er1 b)t 8t+ lod&ers
n t+e +o)se. -er cond)ct absol)tel" $ro2ed a co'$lete for&etf)lness of t+e
$recedn& 'ont+s. %fter 'a3n& nE)res fro' t+e 2aro)s $ersons 8+o
sa8 +er1 '" brot+er told 'e t+at +e co)ld retan no do)bt as to +er
for&etf)lness.9 /. 7)les 7anet added t+at snce s+e +ad been re$laced n t+e
second condton t+e loss of fles+ +ad been ra$dl" re$ared1 and s+e 8as
a&an co'fortable.
(31 A . I &2e ne#t t+e case of ,r. %Na'5s often E)oted $atent1 4Ulda
0.
*
In t+s case t+e so'na'b)lc lfe fnall" beca'e t+e nor'al lfeG as t+e
second state19 8+c+ a$$eared at frst onl" n s+ort1 drea'l3e accesses1
&rad)all" re$laced t+e frst state19 8+c+ fnall" rec)rred b)t for a fe8
+o)rs at lon& nter2als. B)t t+e $ont on 8+c+ I 8s+ to d8ell s t+sJ t+at
4Ulda5s second state 8as alto&et+er superior to t+e frst$+"scall"
s)$eror1 snce t+e ner2o)s $ans 8+c+ +ad tro)bled +er fro' c+ld+ood
dsa$$earedG and 'orall" s)$eror1 nas')c+ as +er 'orose1 selfCcentred
ds$oston 8as e#c+an&ed for a c+eerf)l act2t" 8+c+ enabled +er to
attend to +er c+ldren and +er s+o$ ')c+ 'ore effect2el" t+an 8+en s+e
8as n t+e Utat bOte19 as s+e called 8+at 8as once t+e onl" $ersonalt" t+at
s+e 3ne8. In t+s case1 t+en1 8+c+ at t+e t'e ,r. %Na' 8rote*AA=8as
of nearl" t+rt" "ears5 standn&1 t+e s$ontaneo)s readD)st'ent of ner2o)s
act2test+e second state1 no 'e'or" of 8+c+ re'aned n t+e frst state
res)lted n an '$ro2e'ent $rofo)nder t+an co)ld +a2e been antc$ated
fro' an" 'oral or 'edcal treat'ent t+at 8e 3no8. T+e case s+o8s )s +o8
often t+e 8ord nor'al9 'eans not+n& 'ore t+an 8+at +a$$ens to e#st.9
4or 4Ulda5s norma state 8as n fact +er morbid stateG and t+e ne8
condton1 8+c+ see'ed at frst a 'ere +"stercal abnor'alt"1 bro)&+t +er
at last to a lfe of bodl" and 'ental sant" 8+c+ 'ade +er f)ll" t+e eE)al of
a2era&e 8o'en of +er class.
% 2er" co'$lete acco)nt of t+e case1 re$rod)cn& n f)ll al'ost t+e
8+ole of ,r. %Na'5s re$ort1 s &2en n ,r. %. Bnet5s At;rations de a
&ersonnait; ($$. BK.>)1 and I brefl" s)''arse t+s +ereJ
4Ulda 8as born at Bordea)#1 n *A<;1 of +ealt+" $arents. To8ards t+e
a&e of t+rteen "ears s+e be&an to e#+bt s"'$to's of +"stera. 6+en abo)t
fo)rteen and a +alf s+e )sed s)ddenl" to feel a $an n +er fore+ead1 and
t+en to fall nto a $rofo)nd slee$ for so'e ten 'n)tes1 after 8+c+ s+e
8o3e s$ontaneo)sl" n +er secondar" condton. T+s lasted an +o)r or t8oG
t+en t+e slee$ ca'e on a&an1 and s+e a8o3e n +er nor'al state. T+e
c+an&e at frst +i,IIJ- occ)rred e2er" f2e or s# da"s. %s t+e +"stercal
s"'$to's ncreased1 ,r. %Na' 8as called n to attend +er n *A?A.
-s re$ort of t+at t'e states t+at n t+e $r'ar" state s+e a$$ears 2er"
ntell&ent and farl" 8ell ed)catedG of a 'elanc+ol" ds$oston1 tal3n&
lttle1 2er" nd)stro)sG constantl" t+n3n& of +er 'alades and s)ffern&
ac)te $ans n 2aro)s $arts of t+e bod"1 es$ecall" t+e +eadt+e cou
hyst;rique ben& 2er" 'ar3edG all +er actons1 deas1 and 8ords $erfectl"
ratonal. %l'ost e2er" da" 8+at s+e calls +er crise co'es on s$ontaneo)sl"
often 8+le s+e s sttn& at +er needle8or3$receded b" a bref nter2al
of t+e $rofo)nd slee$1 fro' 8+c+ no e#ternal st')l)s can ro)se +er. On
8a3n& nto t+e secondar" state1 s+e a$$ears l3e an entrel" dfferent
$erson1 s'ln& and &a"G s+e contn)es +er 8or3 c+eerf)ll" or 8al3s abo)t
brs3l"1 no lon&er feeln& all t+e $ans s+e +as D)st before been co'$lann&
of. (+e loo3s after +er ordnar" do'estc d)tes1 &oes o)t1 8al3s abo)t t+e
to8n1 and $a"s callsG be+a2es n e2er" 8a" l3e an ordnar" +ealt+" &rl.
In t+s condton s+e re'e'bers $erfectl" all t+at +as +a$$ened on
$re2o)s occasons 8+en s+e 8as n t+e sa'e state1 and also all t+e e2ents
of +er nor'al lfeG 8+ereas d)rn& +er nor'al lfe s+e for&ets absol)tel" t+e
occ)rrences of t+e secondar" state. (+e declares constantl" t+at 8+ate2er
state s+e s n at t+e 'o'ent s t+e nor'al one+er raison8+le t+e ot+er
one s al8a"s +er crise.
T+e c+an&e of c+aracter n t+e secondar" state s stron&l" 'ar3edG s+e
beco'es &a" and 22aco)sal'ost nos"G nstead of ben& ndfferent to
e2er"t+n&1 +er sensbltesbot+ 'a&nat2e and e'otonalbeco'e
e#cess2e. %ll +er fac)ltes a$$ear 'ore de2elo$ed and 'ore co'$lete. T+e
condton1 n fact1 s ')c+ s)$eror to +er ordnar" one1 as s+o8n b" t+e
dsa$$earance of +er $+"scal $ans1 and es$ecall" b" t+e state of +er
'e'or".
(+e 'arred earl"1 and +er crises beca'e 'ore freE)ent1 t+o)&+ t+ere
8ere occasonall" lon& nter2als 8+en t+e" ne2er ca'e at all. B)t t+e
secondar" state1 8+c+ n *A?A and *A?@ onl" occ)$ed abo)t a tent+ $art of
+er lfe1 &rad)all" encroac+ed 'ore and 'ore on t+e $r'ar" state1 tll t+e
latter be&an to a$$ear onl" at nter2als and for a bref s$ace of t'e.
In *A=? ,r. %Na'1 +a2n& for lon& lost s&+t of +er1 fo)nd +er a 'ot+er
of a fa'l"1 3ee$n& a s+o$. !o8 and t+en1 b)t 'ore and 'ore rarel"1
occ)rred 8+at s+e called +er crisesreall" rela$ses nto +er primary
condton. T+ese 8ere e#cess2el" ncon2enent1 snce s+e for&ot n t+e' all
t+e e2ents of 8+at 8as no8 +er ordnar" lfe1 all t+e arran&e'ents of +er
b)sness1 &c.G for nstance1 n &on& to a f)neral1 s+e +ad a crise, and
conseE)entl" fo)nd t '$ossble to re'e'ber 8+o t+e deceased $erson
8as. (+e +ad a &reat dread of t+ese occ)rrences1 t+o)&+1 b" lon& $ractce1
s+e +ad beco'e 2er" s3lf)l at concealn& t+e' fro' e2er" one b)t +er
+)sbandG and t+e transton $erods n $assn& fro' one state to anot+er1
d)rn& 8+c+ s+e 8as co'$letel" )nconsco)s1 8ere no8 so s+ort as to
esca$e &eneral notce. % $ec)lar feeln& of $ress)re n t+e +ead 8arned +er
t+at t+e crise 8as co'n&1 and s+e 8o)ld t+en1 for fear of 'a3n& 'sta3es
n +er b)sness1 +astl" 8rte do8n 8+ate2er facts s+e 'ost needed to 3ee$
n 'nd.
6+le t+e $r'ar" state lasted1 s+e rela$sed nto t+e e#tre'e 'elanc+ol"
and de$resson t+at c+aractersed +er earl" lfe1 t+ese ben&1 n fact1 no8
a&&ra2ated b" +er tro)bleso'e a'nesa. (+e also lost +er affecton for +er
+)sband and c+ldren1 and s)ffered fro' 'an" +"stercal $ans and ot+er
s"'$to's +i,IIK- 8+c+ 8ere ')c+ less ac)te n t+e secondar" state. B"
*AA=1 +o8e2er1 t+e $r'ar" state onl" occ)rred e2er" 'ont+ or t8o1 lastn&
onl" for a fe8 +o)rs at a t'e.
(31 B . T+e follo8n& s anot+er case n 8+c+ t+e fac)ltes a$$eared to
be +e&+tened n t+e secondar" condton. T+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .;>K;.. T+e case 8as sent to Professor
Barrett1 n *A=B1 b" a cler&"'an1 t+en 2car of a London $ars+1 and fat+er
of t+e s)bDect. -e dd not c+oose to &2e f)rt+er $artc)lars1 or to allo8 +s
na'e to be $)bls+ed.
/" son 8as n +s se2enteent+ "ear attac3ed b" 8+at 8as sad to be
catale$tc +"stera. %t t+er frst co''ence'ent t+e" 8ere lttle 'ore t+an
$rolon&ed fantn& ftsG after8ards1 eac+ attac3 be&an b" +s $assn& n an
nstant nto a state of co'$lete r&dt". Occasonall" +e 8o)ld re'an for
f2e 'n)tes to a E)arter of an +o)r n t+at state1 retann& t+e attt)de n
8+c+ +e 8as 8+en attac3ed1 as f 'ade of 'arble1 8t+ +s e"es o$en and
f#ed and $erfectl" )nconsco)s. %fter a t'e +e 8o)ld rse 8t+ a s&+1
'o2e abo)t1 and s$ea3 8t+o)t t+e sl&+test +estaton or nco+erenc"1 and
t+ence contn)e for +o)rs or da"s1 leadn& an entrel" se$arate e#stence1 not
reco&nsn& frends or relatons or e2en t+e 8a" to +s o8n bedroo'1 and
ta3n& no notce f addressed b" +s o8n na'e1 8rtn& letters 8t+ anot+er
s&nat)re1 al8a"s 'a&nn& +'self to +a2e arr2ed at 'ddleCa&e1 and
all)dn& to ncdents of +s 'a&nar" "o)t+1 8+c+ tee'ed 8t+ ec+oes of
+s $ast readn&G +e 8as 'ost co)rteo)s and $leasant n +s 'anner1
e#ce$tn& 8+en an" do)bt 8as '$led as to t+e acc)rac" of an" state'ent
8+c+ +e 'ade.
%t t'es all +s fac)ltes 8ere n a 'ost e#cted state. -e 8o)ld contn)e
for +o)rs $la"n& &a'es of s3ll 8t+ al'ost $reternat)ral de#tert"G +e
8o)ld re$eat to t+e ar $a&es of $oetr"G and +e 8o)ld $la" and sn& n a 8ld
and or&nal 'anner1 of 8+c+ +e 8as nca$able at ot+er t'es1 E)te
)nconsco)s of t+e $resence of ot+ers and '$er2o)s to an" nterr)$tons.
In t+s state +e +as contn)ed for a 8ee3 at a t'e1 &on& o)t 8t+ )s to dne
8t+ old frends1 8+o'1 +o8e2er1 +e ne2er reco&nsed1 b)t treated as ne8
acE)antances. -e al8a"s s$o3e of +s $arents as far off n so'e dstant
Eastern co)ntr"1 n 8+c+ +e +'self +ad been born1 and s$o3e to )s (+s
fat+er and 'ot+er) as 3nd +osts and frends 8+o' +e 8as soon to lea2e.
()ddenl" +e 8o)ld fall to t+e &ro)nd1 roll abo)t n con2)ls2e a&on" 8t+
lo)d &roans1 and1 a lttle 8ater ben& $o)red nto +s l$s1 8o)ld &et )$ and
&o on tal3n& )$on t+e s)bDect of con2ersaton on 8+c+ +e +ad been
en&a&ed at t+e t'e of +s seN)re1 and 8t+o)t t+e sl&+test re'e'brance of
an"t+n& t+at +ad $assed 'ean8+le. T+ese attac3s contn)ed e2er" fe8
da"s for 'ore t+an t8o "ears1 d)rn& 8+c+ +e 8as forbdden all 3nds of
st)d". %t t+e a&e of nneteen 8e 8ere ad2sed to send +' on a 2o"a&e1 and
accordn&l" +e $ad a 2st to an )ncle1 a 'ltar" offcer at /adrasG fro'
t+ence +e ret)rned n s# or se2en 'ont+s E)te c)red1 8ent )$ to t+e
:n2erst" of Ca'brd&e1 8+ere +e 8ent o)t n +ono)rs1 and s no8 at t+e
bar. T+ese attac3s ne2er ca'e )$on +' 8+lst act)all" e'$lo"ed1 b)t
&enerall" at c+)rc+1 n bed1 or d)rn& E)et con2ersatonG t+e" 8ere often
nd)ced b" an"t+n& t+at 2e#ed or startled +'. -e +as snce told 'e t+at +e
'&+t +a2e ressted t+e'1 b)t t+at t+e" ca'e )$on +' 8t+ a sensaton of
$leasant dro8sness t+at fascnated +'. Certanl" +e 8as t+e 8orse for an"
ds$la" of s"'$at+". I 'a" add t+at +e s)ffers no8 at t'es fro' so'e
defect +i,IIL- n t+e crc)laton 8+c+ $re2ents &reat bodl" e#erton and
8+c+ $rod)ces $an n +s +eart and +eadG n all ot+er res$ects +e s +ale
and +eart".
(3( A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt of /ar" Re"nolds s ta3en fro'
Professor 6. 7a'es5 Prnc$les of Ps"c+olo&"19 2ol. . $$. ;A*KA<1 ben&
t+ere E)oted fro' ,r. 6er /tc+ell5s re$ort n t+e Transactions o$ the
Coege o$ &hysicians o$ &hiadephia, %$rl <t+1 *AAA.
T+s d)ll and 'elanc+ol" "o)n& 8o'an1 n+abtn& t+e Penns"l2ana
8lderness n *A**1 8as fo)nd one 'ornn&1 lon& after +er +abt)al t'e for
rsn&1 n a $rofo)nd slee$ fro' 8+c+ t 8as '$ossble to aro)se +er. %fter
e&+teen or t8ent" +o)rs of slee$n& s+e a8a3ened1 b)t n a state of
)nnat)ral consco)sness. /e'or" +ad fled. To all ntents and $)r$oses s+e
8as as a ben& for t+e frst t'e )s+ered nto t+e 8orld. %ll of t+e $ast t+at
re'aned to +er 8as t+e fac)lt" of $rono)ncn& a fe8 8ords1 and t+s see's
to +a2e been as $)rel" nstnct2e as t+e 8aln&s of an nfantG for at frst t+e
8ords 8+c+ s+e )ttered 8ere connected 8t+ no deas n +er 'nd. :ntl
s+e 8as ta)&+t t+er s&nfcance t+e" 8ere )n'eann& so)nds.
-er e"es 8ere 2rt)all" for t+e frst t'e o$ened )$on t+e 8orld. Old
t+n&s +ad $assed a8a"G all t+n&s +ad beco'e ne8. -er $arents1 brot+ers1
ssters1 frends1 8ere not reco&nsed or ac3no8led&ed as s)c+ b" +er. (+e
+ad ne2er seen t+e' beforene2er 3no8n t+e'.Y To t+e scenes b" 8+c+
s+e 8as s)rro)nded s+e 8as a $erfect stran&er. T+e +o)se1 t+e felds1 t+e
forest1 t+e +lls1 t+e 2ales1 t+e strea'sall 8ere no2eltes.Y (+e +ad not
t+e sl&+test consco)sness t+at s+e +ad e2er e#sted $re2o)s to t+e 'o'ent
n 8+c+ s+e a8o3e fro' t+at '"stero)s sl)'ber. In a 8ord1 s+e 8as an
nfant1 D)st born1 "et born n a state of 'at)rt".Y
T+e frst lesson n +er ed)caton 8as to teac+ +er b" 8+at tes s+e 8as
bo)nd to t+ose b" 8+o' s+e 8as s)rro)nded.Y T+s s+e 8as 2er" slo8 to
learn1 and1 ndeed1 ne2er dd learn1 or1 at least1 ne2er 8o)ld ac3no8led&e
t+e tes of consan&)nt"1 or scarcel" t+ose of frends+$.Y
T+e ne#t lesson 8as to reCteac+ +er t+e arts of readn& and 8rtn&. (+e
8as a$t eno)&+1 and 'ade s)c+ ra$d $ro&ress n bot+1 t+at in a $e# #eeBs
s+e +ad readl" reClearned to read and 8rte.Y
T+e ne#t t+n& t+at s note8ort+" s t+e c+an&e 8+c+ too3 $lace n +er
ds$oston. Instead of ben& 'elanc+ol"1 s+e 8as no8 c+eerf)l to
e#tre't". Instead of ben& reser2ed1 s+e 8as b)o"ant and socal. 4or'erl"
tact)rn and retrn&1 s+e 8as no8 'err" and Docose.Y 6+le s+e 8as1 n
t+s second state1 e#tra2a&antl" fond of co'$an"1 s+e 8as ')c+ 'ore
ena'o)red of nat)re5s 8or3s1 as e#+bted n t+e forests1 +lls1 2ales1 and
8aterCco)rses. (+e )sed to start n t+e 'ornn&1 et+er on foot or +orsebac31
and ra'ble )ntl n&+tfall o2er t+e 8+ole co)ntr"G nor 8as s+e at all
$artc)lar 8+et+er s+e 8ere on a $at+ or n t+e trac3less forest.Y
(+e 3ne8 no fear1 and as bears and $ant+ers 8ere n)'ero)s n t+e
8oods1 and rattlesna3es and co$$er+eads abo)nded e2er"8+ere1 +er frends
told +er of t+e dan&er to 8+c+ s+e e#$osed +erselfG b)t t $rod)ced no ot+er
effect t+an to dra8 fort+ a conte'$t)o)s la)&+1 as s+e sad1 I 3no8 "o)
onl" 8ant to fr&+ten 'e and 3ee$ 'e at +o'e1 b)t "o) 'ss t1 for I o$ten
see "o)r bears1 and I a' $erfectl" con2nced t+at t+e" are not+n& 'ore t+an
blac3 +o&s.9
One e2enn&1 after +er ret)rn fro' +er dal" e#c)rson1 s+e told t+e
follo8n& ncdentJ %s I 8as rdn& toda" alon& a narro8 $at+ a &reat blac3
+o& +i,IIM- ca'e o)t of t+e 8oods and sto$$ed before 'e. I ne2er sa8 s)c+
an '$)dent blac3 +o& before. It stood )$ on ts +nd feet and &rnned and
&nas+ed ts teet+ at 'e. I co)ld not 'a3e t+e +orse &o on. I told +' +e 8as
a fool to be fr&+tened at a +o&1 and tred to 8+$ +' $ast1 b)t +e 8o)ld not
&o1 and 8anted to t)rn bac3. I told t+e +o& to &et o)t of t+e 8a"1 b)t +e dd
not 'nd 'e. H6ell1I sad I1 Hf "o) 8on5t for 8ords1 I5ll tr" blo8sGI so I &ot
off and too3 a stc31 and 8al3ed )$ to8ard t. 6+en I &ot $rett" close b"1 t
&ot do8n on all fo)rs and 8al3ed a8a" slo8l" and s)llenl"1 sto$$n& e2er"
fe8 ste$s and loo3n& bac3 and &rnnn& and &ro8ln&. T+en I &ot on '"
+orse and rode on.9Y
T+)s t contn)ed for f2e 8ee3s1 8+en one 'ornn&1 after a $rotracted
slee$1 s+e a8o3e and 8as +erself a&an. (+e reco&nsed t+e $arental1 t+e
brot+erl"1 and ssterl" tes as t+o)&+ not+n& +ad +a$$ened1 and
''edatel" 8ent abo)t t+e $erfor'ance of d)tes nc)'bent )$on +er1 and
8+c+ s+e +ad $lanned f2e 8ee3s $re2o)sl". Great 8as +er s)r$rse at t+e
c+an&e 8+c+ one n&+t (as s+e s)$$osed) +ad $rod)ced. !at)re bore a
dfferent as$ect. !ot a trace 8as left n +er 'nd of t+e &dd" scenes t+ro)&+
8+c+ s+e +ad $assed. -er ra'bln&s t+ro)&+ t+e forest1 +er trc3s and
+)'o)r1 all 8ere faded fro' +er 'e'or"1 and not a s+ado8 left be+nd.Y
Of co)rse +er nat)ral ds$oston ret)rnedG +er 'elanc+ol" 8as dee$ened b"
t+e nfor'aton of 8+at +ad occ)rred. %ll 8ent on n t+e oldCfas+oned 8a".
Y %fter t+e la$se of a fe8 8ee3s s+e fell nto a $rofo)nd slee$1 and a8o3e
n +er second state1 ta3n& )$ +er ne8 lfe a&an $recsel" 8+ere s+e +ad left
t 8+en s+e before $assed fro' t+at state.Y %ll t+e 3no8led&e s+e
$ossessed 8as t+at acE)red d)rn& t+e fe8 8ee3s of +er for'er $erod of
second consco)sness. (+e 3ne8 not+n& of t+e nter2enn& t'e.Y In t+s
state s+e ca'e to )nderstand $erfectl" t+e facts of +er case1 not fro'
'e'or"1 b)t fro' nfor'aton. Yet +er b)o"anc" of s$rts 8as so &reat t+at
no de$resson 8as $rod)ced. On t+e contrar"1 t added to +er c+eerf)lness1
and 8as 'ade t+e fo)ndaton1 as 8as e2er"t+n& else1 of 'rt+.
T+ese alternatons fro' one state to anot+er contn)ed at nter2als of
2ar"n& len&t+ for ffteen or s#teen "ears1 b)t fnall" ceased 8+en s+e
attaned t+e a&e of t+rt"Cf2e or t+rt"Cs#1 lea2n& +er permanenty in her
second state. In t+s s+e re'aned 8t+o)t c+an&e for t+e last E)arter of a
cent)r" of +er lfe.
T+e e'otonal o$$oston of t+e t8o states see's1 +o8e2er1 to +a2e
beco'e &rad)all" effaced n /ar" Re"nolds.
T+e c+an&e fro' a &a"1 +"stercal1 'sc+e2o)s 8o'an1 fond of Dests
and s)bDect to abs)rd belefs or del)s2e con2ctons1 to one retann& t+e
Do"o)sness and lo2e of socet"1 b)t sobered do8n to le2els of $ractcal
)sef)lness1 8as &rad)al. T+e 'ost of t+e t8ent"Cf2e "ears 8+c+ follo8ed
s+e 8as as dfferent fro' +er 'elanc+ol"1 'orbd self as fro' t+e +laro)s
condton of t+e earl" "ears of +er second state. (o'e of +er fa'l" s$o3e of
t as +er t+rd state. (+e s descrbed as beco'n& ratonal1 nd)stro)s1 and
2er" c+eerf)l1 "et reasonabl" sero)sG $ossessed of a 8ellCbalanced
te'$era'ent1 and not +a2n& t+e sl&+test ndcaton of an nD)red or
dst)rbed 'nd. 4or so'e "ears s+e ta)&+t sc+ool1 and n t+at ca$act" 8as
bot+ )sef)l and acce$table1 ben& a &eneral fa2o)rte 8t+ old and "o)n&.
,)rn& t+ese last t8ent"Cf2e "ears s+e l2ed n t+e sa'e +o)se 8t+ t+e
Re2. ,r. 7o+n V. Re"nolds1 +er ne$+e81 $art of t+at t'e 3ee$n& +o)se for
+i,IIN- +'1 s+o8n& a so)nd D)d&'ent and a t+oro)&+ acE)antance 8t+
t+e d)tes of +er $oston.
,r. Re"nolds1 8+o s stll l2n& n /ead2lle19 sa"s ,r. /tc+ell1 and
8+o +as 'ost 3ndl" $laced t+e facts at '" ds$osal1 states n +s letter to
'e of 7an)ar" <t+1 *AAA1 t+at at a later $erod of +er lfe s+e sad s+e dd
so'et'es see' to +a2e a d'1 drea'" dea of a s+ado8" $ast1 8+c+ s+e
co)ld not f)ll" &ras$1 and co)ld not be certan 8+et+er t or&nated n a
$artall" restored 'e'or" or n t+e state'ents of t+e e2ents b" ot+ers d)rn&
+er abnor'al state.
/ss Re"nolds ded n 7an)ar" *A?<1 at t+e a&e of s#t"Cone. On t+e
'ornn& of t+e da" of +er deat+ s+e rose n +er )s)al +ealt+1 ate +er
brea3fast1 and s)$erntended +o)se+old d)tes. 6+le t+)s e'$lo"ed s+e
s)ddenl" rased +er +ands to +er +ead and e#cla'edJ HO+Z I 8onder 8+at s
t+e 'atter 8t+ '" +eadZI and ''edatel" fell to t+e floor. 6+en carred to
a sofa s+e &as$ed once or t8ce and ded.9
4or anot+er and 'ore detaled acco)nt1 see /ar" Re"noldsJ a Case of
,o)ble Consco)sness19 b" t+e Re2. 6. (. Pl)''er1 ,. ,.1 n 'arperQs
2aga3ine for /a" *AB> (re$rnted n $a'$+let for'to&et+er 8t+ ,r.
(te2ens5 re$ort of t+e 6atse3a 6onder19 referred to n (3) A1b" t+e
Rel&oCP+loso$+cal P)bls+n& -o)se1 C+ca&o1 *AA=). T+e 'ost
'$ortant addtonal detals n t+s acco)nt areJ (*) I''edatel" after falln&
aslee$ n +er secondar" state1 /ss Re"nolds 8o)ld so'et'es narrate
a)dbl" 8+at s+e +ad done t+e da" before1 and $lan 8+at to do t+e ne#t da"G
8+c+ $lans s+e 8o)ld d)l" carr" o)t1as f t+e" 8ere $ostC+"$notc
s)&&estons1)nless $re2ented. (.) T+e frst t'e s+e 8as n t+e secondar"
state1 s+e reco2ered t+ro)&+ dreams so'e of t+e 3no8led&e t+at s+e +ad
lost 8+le a8a3e. (+e drea't t+at s+e +eard a 'an $reac+ and e#$lan
$assa&es n t+e Bble to +er1 and after t+e drea' see'ed to re&an all +er
3no8led&e of t+e Bble1 t+o)&+ at t+e t'e )nable to read t. In t+e sa'e
drea' s+e sa8 and tal3ed 8t+ a 8o'an1 8+o' s+e dd not reco&nse1 b)t
descrbed 'n)tel" on 8a3n&G and t+e descr$ton 8as sad to corres$ond
e#actl" to a dead sster1 8+ose e#stence8+le a8a3es+e +ad for&otten.
%fter t+s s+e often drea't of t+e sa'e sster1 and also of anot+er dead
frend.
(33 A . 6e no8 co'e to s$ontaneo)s cases of mutipe0 $ersonalt"1
*
of
8+c+ Lo)s V2U5s s one of t+e best 3no8n. Lo)s V2U e#+bted an
e#traordnar" n)'ber and 2aret" of $+ases of $ersonalt"1 $artl"
s$ontaneo)s and $artl" t+e res)lt of dfferent e#$er'ents n
'etallot+era$"9 tred b" t+e $+"scans n c+ar&e of +'. T+ese
e#$er'ents $rod)ced c)ro)s 2aratons n t+e +"stercal $aral"ses fro'
8+c+ +e s)ffered1 and $rod)ced at t+e sa'e t'e re2ersons to dfferent
$ast $erods of +s lfe$robabl" assocated 8t+ t+e $artc)lar for's of
$aral"ss. It a$$eared t+at not onl" 8ere certan $ast and for&otten 'ental
states recalled b" t+e $+"scal '$resson of t+ese 2aratons1 b)t also f a
$ast and for&otten 'ental state 8ere +i,IIO- s)&&ested to t+e $atent as +s
act)al $resent condton1 +e acce$ted t+e belef1 and 8t+ t ca'e bac3 +s
$ast $+"scal condton. It s '$ortant to note t+at t+e frst e#$er'ents 8t+
'etals 8ere 'ade 8+en t+e e#$er'enters +ad no 3no8led&e of 8+at +ad
been t+e act)al +stor" of t+e $ast $aral"ses of t+er $atent. T+e" reco2ered
t+s fro' +' bt b" bt1 and after caref)ll" co'$arn& +s recollectons 8t+
conte'$orar" records1 concl)ded t+at on t+e 8+ole +s 2aro)s $+ases reall"
re$resented +'self at 2aro)s $erods of +s lfe.
Lo)s V2U be&an lfe (n *AB;) as t+e ne&lected c+ld of a t)rb)lent
'ot+er. -e 8as sent to a refor'ator" at ten "ears old1 and t+ere s+o8ed
+'self1 as +e +as al8a"s done 8+en +s or&ansaton +as &2en +' a
c+ance1 E)et1 8ellCbe+a2ed1 and obedent. T+en at fo)rteen "ears old +e
+ad a &reat fr&+t fro' a 2$era fr&+t 8+c+ t+re8 +' off +s balance
and started t+e seres of $s"c+cal oscllatons on 8+c+ +e +as been tossed
e2er snce. %t frst t+e s"'$to's 8ere onl" $+"scal1 e$le$s" and
+"stercal $aral"ss of t+e le&sG and at t+e as"l)' of Bonne2al1 8+t+er +e
8as ne#t sent1 +e 8or3ed at talorn& steadl" for a co)$le of 'ont+s. T+en
s)ddenl" +e +ad a +"steroCe$le$tc attac3fft" +o)rs of con2)lsons and
ecstas"and 8+en +e a8o3e fro' t +e 8as no lon&er $aral"sed1 no lon&er
acE)anted 8t+ talorn&1 and no lon&er 2rt)o)s. -s 'e'or" 8as set bac31
so to sa"1 to t+e 'o'ent of t+e 2$er5s a$$earance1 and +e co)ld re'e'ber
not+n& snce. -s c+aracter +ad beco'e 2olent1 &reed"1 and E)arrelso'e1
and +s tastes 8ere radcall" c+an&ed. 4or nstance1 t+o)&+ +e +ad before
t+e attac3 been a total abstaner1 +e no8 not onl" dran3 +s o8n 8ne b)t
stole t+e 8ne of t+e ot+er $atents. -e esca$ed fro' Bonne2al1 and after a
fe8 t)rb)lent "ears1 trac3ed b" +s occasonal rela$ses nto +os$tal or
'ad+o)se1 +e t)rned )$ once 'ore at t+e Roc+efort as"l)' n t+e c+aracter
of a $r2ate of 'arnes1 con2cted of t+eft1 b)t consdered to be of )nso)nd
'nd. %nd at Roc+efort and La Roc+elle1 b" &reat &ood fort)ne1 +e fell nto
t+e +ands of t+ree $+"scansProfessors Bo)rr) and B)rot1 and ,r.
/ablleable and 8lln& to contn)e and e#tend t+e obser2atons 8+c+
,r. Ca')set at Bonne2al and ,r. 7)les Vosn at BcOtre +ad alread" 'ade
on t+s 'ost $reco)s of mauvais su"ets at earler $onts n +s c+eE)ered
career.
*
In *AA= +e 8as no lon&er at Roc+efort1 and ,r. B)rot nfor'ed 'e t+at
+s +ealt+ +ad ')c+ '$ro2ed1 and t+at +s $ec)lartes +ad n &reat $art
dsa$$eared. I ')st1 +o8e2er1 for clearness5 sa3e1 )se t+e $resent tense n
brefl" descrbn& +s condton at t+e t'e 8+en t+e lon& seres of
e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade.
T+e state nto 8+c+ +e +as &ra2tated s a 2er" )n$leasn& one. +i,IJP-
T+ere s $aral"ss and nsensblt" of t+e r&+t sde1 and (as s often t+e case
n r&+t +e'$le&a) t+e s$eec+ s ndstnct and dffc)lt. !e2ert+eless1 +e s
constantl" +aran&)n& an" one 8+o 8ll lsten to +'1 ab)sn& +s
$+"scans1 or $reac+n&1 8t+ a 'on3e"Cl3e '$)dence rat+er t+an 8t+
reasoned clearness1 radcals' n $oltcs and at+es' n rel&on. -e 'a3es
bad Do3es1 and f an" one $leases +' +e endea2o)rs to caress +'. -e
re'e'bers recent e2ents d)rn& +s resdence at Roc+efort as"l)'1 b)t onl"
t8o scra$s of +s lfe before t+at date1 na'el"1 +s 2co)s $erod at
Bonne2al and a $art of +s sta" at BcOtre.
E#ce$t t+s stran&el" fra&'entar" 'e'or" t+ere s not+n& 2er" )n)s)al
n t+s condton1 and n 'an" as"l)'s no e#$er'ents on t 8o)ld +a2e
been atte'$ted. B)t t+e $+"scans of Roc+efort +ad fat+ n t+e effcac" of
t+e contact of 'etals n $ro2o3n& transfer of +"stercal +e'$le&a fro'
one sde to t+e ot+er. T+e" tred 2aro)s 'etals n t)rn on Lo)s V2U. Lead1
sl2er1 and Nnc +ad no effect. Co$$er $rod)ced a sl&+t ret)rn of sensblt"
n t+e $aral"sed ar'. B)t steel1 a$$led to t+e r&+t ar'1 transferred t+e
8+ole nsensblt" to t+e left sde of t+e bod".
()c+ $+eno'ena are no81 of co)rse1 &enerall" attrb)ted to s)&&eston.
T+e" are at least s)ffcentl" co''on (as so'e 4renc+ $+"scans +old) n
+"stercal cases to e#cte lttle s)r$rse. 6+at $)NNled t+e doctors 8as t+e
c+an&e of c+aracter 8+c+ acco'$aned t+e c+an&e of sensblt". 6+en
Lo)s V2U ss)ed fro' t+e crss of transfer1 8t+ ts 'n)te of an#o)s
e#$resson and $antn& breat+1 +e 8as 8+at '&+t farl" be called a ne8
'an. T+e restless nsolence1 t+e sa2a&e '$)ls2eness1 +a2e 8+oll"
dsa$$eared. T+e $atent s no8 &entle1 res$ectf)l1 and 'odest. -e can
s$ea3 clearl" no81 b)t +e onl" s$ea3s 8+en +e s s$o3en to. If +e s as3ed
+s 2e8s on rel&on and $oltcs1 +e $refers to lea2e s)c+ 'atters to 8ser
+eads t+an +s o8n. It '&+t see' t+at 'orall" and ntellect)all" t+e
$atent5s c)re +ad been co'$lete.
B)t no8 as3 +' 8+at +e t+n3s of Roc+efortG +o8 +e l3ed +s re&'ent
of 'arnes. -e 8ll blan3l" ans8er t+at +e 3no8s not+n& of Roc+efort1 and
8as ne2er a solder n +s lfe. 6+ere are "o)1 t+en1 and 8+at s t+e date of
toda"W9 I a' at BcOtreG t s 7an)ar" .nd1 *AA<G and I +o$e to see /.
Vosn toda"1 as I dd "esterda".9
It s fo)nd1 n fact1 t+at +e +as no8 t+e 'e'or" of t8o s+ort $erods of
lfe (dfferent fro' t+ose 8+c+ +e re'e'bers 8+en +s right sde s
$aral"sed)1 $erods d)rn& 8+c+1 so far as can no8 be ascertaned1 +s
c+aracter 8as of t+e sa'e decoro)s t"$e and +s $aral"ss 8as on t+e left
sde.
T+ese t8o condtons are 8+at are no8 ter'ed +s frst and +s second1
o)t of a seres of s# or 'ore t+ro)&+ 8+c+ +e can be 'ade to $ass. 4or
bre2t"5s sa3e I 8ll f)rt+er descrbe +s $i$th state onl".
If +e s $laced n an electrc bat+1 or f a 'a&net be $laced on +s +ead1 t
loo3s at frst s&+t as t+o)&+ a co'$lete $+"scal c)re +ad been +i,IJG-
effected. %ll $aral"ss1 all defect of sensblt"1 +as dsa$$eared. -s
'o2e'ents are l&+t and act2e1 +s e#$resson &entle and t'd. B)t as3
+' 8+ere +e s1 and "o) fnd t+at +e +as &one bac3 to a bo" of fo)rteen1
t+at +e s at (t. :rban1 +s frst refor'ator"1 and t+at +s 'e'or" e'braces
+s "ears of c+ld+ood1 and sto$s s+ort on t+e 2er" da" 8+en +e +ad t+e
fr&+t 8t+ t+e 2$er. If +e s $ressed to recollect t+e ncdent of t+e 2$er a
2olent e$le$tfor' crss $)ts a s)dden end to t+s $+ase of +s $ersonalt".
T+s co'$lcated +stor" 'a" be rendered clearer b" reference to t+e
tab)lar state'ent of tre$rod)ced belo88+c+ 8as dra8n )$ b" '"
brot+er1 t+e late %. T. /"ers1 /.,.1 4.R.C.P.1 for +s acco)nt of t+e case n
The 1ourna o$ 2enta Science, 7an)ar" *AAB1 and a$$ro2ed b" ,rs. Bo)rr)
and B)rot. T+e s# states of t+e $atent are re$resented b" s# 2ertcal
col)'ns1 and t+e 'e'ores attac+n& to t+e' b" t+c3 blac3 lnes on t+er
leftC+and borders (see $$. ;<.K;).
(3+ A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt of ,r. /orton Prnce5s $atent1 t+e
/sses Bea)c+a'$19 s sl&+tl" abrd&ed fro' +s re$ort to t+e Internatonal
Con&ress of Ps"c+olo&"1 Pars1 %)&)st1 *@>>1 8+c+ 8as $)bls+ed n t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2. $$. <BBKA;.
YT+s case +as been t+e s)bDect of a contn)o)s st)d" for at least t+ree
"ears1 and +as occ)$ed +)ndreds of +o)rs of t'e.Y
6+en /ss Bea)c+a'$ frst ca'e )nder obser2aton s+e 8as a
ne)rast+enc of a 2er" se2ere t"$e. (+e 8as a st)dent n one of o)r colle&es1
and t+ere rece2ed a 2er" &ood ed)caton. B)t n conseE)ence of +er
ne)rast+enc condton t 8as s'$l" '$ossble for +er to &o on 8t+ +er
8or3. (+e 8as a 8rec31 I '&+t sa"1 n bod". In te'$era'ent s+e s a
$erson of e#tre'e deals'1 8t+ a 2er" 'orbd !e8 En&land
conscento)sness1 and a &reat deal of $rde and reser2e1 so t+at s+e s 2er"
)n8lln& to e#$ose +erself or +er lfe to an"bod"5s scr)tn".
!o8 s+e ca'e to see 'e n t+s ne)rast+enc state1 b)t I fo)nd treat'ent
8as of al'ost no )se. T+e )s)al 'et+ods 8ere e'$lo"ed 8t+ no res)lt1 and
t see'ed as f +er case 8as +o$eless. 4nall" I concl)ded to tr" +"$notc
s)&&estons. (+e $ro2ed a 2er" &ood s)bDect1 and t+e s)&&estons $rod)ced
at t+e t'e rat+er brllant res)lts. In +"$noss s+e 8ent easl" nto t+e
so'na'b)lstc state. T+s so'na'b)lstc state ca'e later to be 3no8n as
B. II.1 8+le t+e frst $ersonalt" 8t+ 8+o' I beca'e acE)anted1 /ss
Bea)c+a'$ +erself1 8as 3no8n as B. I. !o8 I )sed to notce t+at as B. II.
s+e 8as contn)all" r)bbn& +er e"esG +er +ands 8ere n constant 'oton1
al8a"s tr"n& to &et at +er e"es. (tll I $ad 2er" lttle attenton to t1 or
$laced 2er" lttle s&nfcance n t+s fact1 'erel" attrb)tn& t to
ner2o)sness. One da" 8+en I +"$notsed +er and referred to so'et+n& t+at
s+e +ad done n a $re2o)s +"$notc state1t+at s to sa"1 so'et+n& t+at
s+e +ad sad or done n a $re2o)s state 8+en I s)$$osed s+e 8as B. II.1
s+e dened all 3no8led&e of t1 and sad t 8as not so. T+s s)r$rsed 'e1
and I attrb)ted t+e denal at frst to an atte'$t at dece$ton. L4nall"M1 t
t)rned o)t t+at 8+en s+e 8ent nto t+e state of 8+c+ s+e later dened t+e
facts1 s+e 8as an entrel" dstnct and se$arate $erson. T+s t+rd
$ersonalt"1 8+c+ t+en de2elo$ed1 ca'e to +i,IJH- be 3no8n as B. III. 6e
+ad t+en t+ree 'ental states1 B. I.1 B. II.1 and B. III.
TABLE OF LOUIS V.2& SI3 STATES AT ROCHEFORT, 1)),.
I. II. III. IV. V. VI
Paral"ss R&+t
+e'$l
Left
+e'$l
Left
+e'$l
Para$l Paress
of left
!o
e&a e&a
affectn
& face
e&a
not
affectn
& face
e&a le& $aral"ss
%nFst+esa R&+t
sde
Left
sde
Left
sde
Of
lo8er
+alf
Of left
le&
-"$erFs
t+esa of
left le&
C+aracter Volent X)et X)et (+"
(c+ld
s+ n
s$eec+
)G
talor
Obede
ntG
bo"s+
Res$ecta
ble
Ed)caton 4ar Good Good Bad Good
/oderat
e
8sth;siog=nes

(teel
on
r&+t
ar'
/a&net
1 &c.1
on
r&+t
ar'
/a&n
et on
bac3
of t+e
nec3
/a&ne
t on
to$ of
+ead
(oft ron
on r&+t
t+&+
,"na'o'eter Rt._>
Lt._A>
lbs.
Rt._A>
lbs.
Lt._>
Rt._A>
lbs.
Lt._>
Rt._<
? lbs.
Lt._<<
lbs.
Rt._<>
lbs.
Lt._<<
lbs.
Rt._BB
lbs.
Lt._=>
lbs.
,%
TE.
%TT%
CR(.
-I(TOR
Y.

*AB
;1
4eb
.

Born at
Pars.

*AB
;C
=;

L2ed
at
L)"san
and
C+artre
s. IllC
treated
b"
'ot+er


*A=
;1
(e$
t.

(ent to
(t.
:rbanG
e'$lo"
ed n
felds
and
2ne"ar
dsG 8ell
ta)&+t


*A=
=1
/ar
c+
(e2ere
after
fr&+t
fro' a
2$er.
Para$le
&c at
(t.
:rban

*AA
>1
/ar
c+

6ent to
Bonne2
alG Y
learnt
talorn
&

+i,
IJI
-
*AA
>1
/a"
(e2ere
for ?>
+o)rs
Lost
$ara$le
&a and
'e'or
" of all
+s
$ara$le
&c lfe

*AA
>1
/a
"
(to)
*AA
*1
7)n
e

,d
&arden
n&
8or3 at
Bonne2
al



*AA
*1
7)n
e *<
Left
Bonne2
al1 and
l2ed at
C+artre
s1
/acon1


&c.
*AA
*1
%)
&.
(e2era
l
Ta3en
nto
+os$tal
at
/acon




*AA
*1
(e$
t.G
*AA
.
<
attac3
s
Transfe
rred to
Bo)r&
%s"l)'
1 8+ere
+e
sta"ed
*A
'ont+s
Y




*AA
;1
%$r
l

Left
Bo)r&





L2ed
n Pars


*AA
;1
7)l"
(W)
(W)4)r
t+er
attac3
s
Vsted
%sle
(te.
%nne




*AA
;1
%)
&.
;>

Entered
BcOtre
(/.
7)les
Vosn)




*AA
<1
7an.
*=
to
%$r
l
*=
/an"
2olen
t
attac3
s
Condt
on of
r&+t
+e'$l
e&a


*AA
<
Reco2e
r" after



+e'$l
e&a
*AA
?1
7an.
.

Esca$e
d fro'
BcOtre


*AA
?1
7an.
;>
to
4eb
. .;

Ca'e
to
Roc+ef
ort and
enlsted
n
/arne
s.
Con2ct
ed of
t+eft


*AA
?1
/ar
. .=

Rece2
ed n
Roc+ef
ort
%s"l)'

*AA
?1
/ar
. .A
Volen
t
attac3
(tate of
r&+t
+e'$l
e&a

+i,IJJ-
B. I. 3ne8 not+n& of t+e ot+ers. B. II. 3ne8 B. I.1 b)t no 'ore. B. III
3ne8 bot+ B. I. and B. II. T+)s far t+ere 8as not+n& 2er" )n)s)al.
!o8 B. III. +as $ro2ed to be one of t+e 'ost nterestn& of all t+e
$ersonaltes t+at +a2e de2elo$ed n t+e case. In one res$ect t s one of t+e
'ost re'ar3able $ersonaltes1 I t+n31 t+at +as e2er been e#+bted n an" of
t+ese cases of ')lt$le $ersonalt"1 as 8ll1 I t+n31 $resentl" a$$ear. B. III.1
l3e B. II.1 8as constantl" r)bbn& +er e"es1 so t+at I 8as freE)entl"
co'$elled to +old +er +ands b" force to $re2ent +er fro' don& so. 6+en
as3ed 8+" s+e dd t+s1 s+e sad s+e 8s+ed to &et +er e"es o$ened1 and t
t)rned o)t after8ards t+at t 8as s+e 8+o 8as r)bbn& t+e e"es of B. II. n
t+e earler t'es. %t t+s t'e I $re2ented B. III. fro' o$enn& +er e"es for
t+e reason t+at I feared t+at1 f s+e &ot +er e"es o$ened and 8as t+ereb" able
to add t+e 2s)al 'a&es of +er s)rro)ndn&s to +er 'ental lfe as B. III.1
t+ese sa'e 'a&es of +er s)rro)ndn&s 8+c+ s+e 8o)ld also +a2e1 of
co)rse1 8+en s+e 8as B. I.1 8o)ld b" force of t+e assocaton a8a3en all +er
'ental assocatons as B. III.1 and t+at1 n conseE)ence1 B. III.
s$ontaneo)sl" 8o)ld be constantl" co'n& nto e#stence of +er o8n
accord. T+s after8ards $ro2ed to be t+e case. B. III. al8a"s nssted )$on
+a2n& +er e"es o$ened1 co'$lann& t+at s+e 8s+ed to see1 and +ad a
r&+t to see.9 One da"1 so'e t'e after t+s1 8+en s+e 8as at +o'e1 o8n&
to so'e ner2o)s e#cte'ent1 s+e 8as t+ro8n nto t+e condton of B. III.1
and t+en1 I not ben& t+ere to $re2ent t1 s+e r)bbed +er e"es )ntl s+e &ot
t+e' o$ened1 and fro' t+at t'e to t+s s+e (B. III.) +as +ad a s$ontaneo)s
and nde$endent e#stence.
T+s $ersonalt" dates +er 8+ole nde$endent e#stence fro' t+s da"1
and s+e al8a"s refers to e2ents as ben& before9 or after s+e &ot +er e"es
o$ened.9 T+at s t+e central e2ent n +er lfe1 D)st as 'ot+ers date $erods
before or after t+e brt+ of a c+ld. !o8 t+s $ersonalt" ca'e after8ards to
be 3no8n as (all" Bea)c+a'$. (T+e na'e Bea)c+a'$ +as been ado$ted n
t+s acco)nt for all t+e $ersonaltes.) (+e too3 t+e na'e for f)n one da"1 a
na'e t+at s+e &ot o)t of so'e boo31 and b" t+at na'e s+e +as been 3no8n
e2er snce. In c+aracter s+e dffers 2er" re'ar3abl" fro' B. I. I 8o)ld sa"
+ere t+at B. I. s a 2er" sero)sC'nded $erson1 fond of boo3s and st)d"1 of a
rel&o)s t)rn of 'nd1 and $ossesses a 2er" 'orbd conscento)sness. (+e
+as a &reat sense of res$onsblt" n lfe1 and 8t+ t+ose 8+o 3no8 +er
tro)ble s rat+er sad and de$ressed n +er &eneral as$ect1 t+e latter t+e res)lt
of t+e &eneral tro)bles and trals of +er lfe. (all"1 on t+e ot+er +and1 s f)ll
of f)n1 does not 8orr" abo)t an"t+n&G all lfe s one &reat Do3e to +er1 s+e
+ates boo3s1 lo2es f)n and a')se'ent1 does not l3e sero)s t+n&s1 +ates
c+)rc+1 n fact s t+oro)&+l" c+ldl3e n e2er" 8a". (+e s a c+ld of nat)re.
(+e s not as 8ell ed)cated as s /ss Bea)c+a'$1 alt+o)&+ s+e reads and
8rtes En&ls+ 8ellG "et s+e co'$lans constantl" t+at s+e cannot e#$ress
+erself easl" n 8rtn&1 b)t s+e does t E)te 8ell all t+e sa'e. (+e cannot
read 4renc+ or an" of t+e fore&n lan&)a&es 8+c+ /ss Bea)c+a'$ 3no8s1
and s+e cannot 8rte s+ort+andG n s+ort1 lac3s a &reat 'an" of t+e
ed)catonal acco'$ls+'ents 8+c+ t+e ot+er c+aracter $ossesses. (+e
nssts1 alt+o)&+ of t+s I +a2e no absol)te $roof1 t+at s+e ne2er slee$s1 and
t+at s+e s al8a"s a8a3e 8+le /ss Bea)c+a'$ s aslee$. I bele2e t to be
tr)e. T+en /ss B. s a ne)rast+enc1 (all" s $erfectl" 8ell. (+e s ne2er
fat&)ed and ne2er s)ffers $an. ,)rn& t+e frst "ear (all" and /ss
Bea)c+a'$ )sed to co'e and &o +i,IJK- n s)ccesson. %t frst 8+ene2er B.
I. beca'e fat&)ed or )$set fro' an" ca)se1 (all" 8as l3el" to co'e. T+e
$erods d)rn& 8+c+ (all" 8as n e#stence '&+t be an" t'e fro' a fe8
'n)tes to se2eral +o)rs. Later t+ese $erods beca'e $rolon&ed to se2eral
da"s. It ')st not be for&otten t+at t+o)&+ /ss Bea)c+a'$ 3no8s not+n&
of (all"1 (all"1 8+en not n t+e fles+1 s consco)s of all /ss Bea)c+a'$5s
t+o)&+ts and don&s1 and t+e latter co)ld +de not+n& fro' +er. C)ro)sl"
eno)&+1 (all" too3 an ntense dsl3e to B. I. (+e act)all" +ated +er. (+e
)sed to sa" to 'e1 6+"1 I +ate +er1 ,r. PrnceZ9 and t+ere 8as no len&t+ to
8+c+ (all" 8o)ld not &o to ca)se +er anno"ance. (+e 8o)ld $la" e2er"
3nd of $ran3 on +er to 'a3e +er 'serable. (+e tor'ented +er to a de&ree
al'ost ncredble. 6+le (all" 8o)ld ne2er do an"t+n& to 'a3e an" one
else )n+a$$"1 s+e 8as absol)tel" re'orseless n t+e 8a" s+e tor'ented
/ss Bea)c+a'$ b" $ractcal Do3es and b" $la"n& )$on +er sensbltes.
4or e#a'$le1 I 8ll &2e a fe8 ll)stratons. If t+ere s one t+n& 8+c+ /ss
Bea)c+a'$ +as a $erfect +orror of1 t s sna3es and s$ders. T+e" t+ro8 +er
nto a condton of terror. One da" (all" 8ent o)t nto t+e co)ntr" and
collected so'e sna3es and s$ders and $)t t+e' nto a lttle bo#. (+e
bro)&+t t+e' +o'e and dd t+e' )$ n a lttle $ac3a&e1 and addressed t+e'
to /ss Bea)c+a'$1 and 8+en B. I. o$ened t+e $ac3a&e t+e" ran o)t and
abo)t t+e roo' and nearl" sent +er nto fts. In order to &et rd of t+e' s+e
+ad to +andle t+e'1 8+c+ added to +er terror. %not+er Do3e 8as to ta3e
/ss Bea)c+a'$ o)t nto t+e co)ntr" 8+en s+e 8as 2er" tred1 and n an
)nft condton to 8al3G t+at s1 (all" 8o)ld ta3e a car and &o o)t s# or
se2en 'les nto t+e co)ntr" to so'e retred $lace1 and 8a3e )$ /ss
Bea)c+a'$1 8+o 8o)ld fnd +erself far o)t n t+e co)ntr" 8t+ no 'eans of
&ettn& +o'e1 no 'one" n +er $oc3et1 and not+n& for t b)t to 8al3. (+e
+ad to be& rdes 8+en s+e co)ld fro' $assn& 8a&&ons1 and co'e bac3
tred1 8orn o)t1 )sed )$ for a 8ee3.
% &reat frend of /ss Bea)c+a'$1 to 8+o' s+e felt )nder stron&
obl&atons1 +ad as3ed +er to 3nt a bab"5s blan3et. (+e 8or3ed on t+at
blan3et for nearl" a "earG as fast as s+e 8o)ld &et t near co'$leton1 (all"
8o)ld )nra2el t1 and t+en1 l3e (s"$+)s1 s+e 8o)ld +a2e to be&n t+e tas3
a&an1 and re&)larl" e2er" t'e (all" 8o)ld $)ll t+e 8+ole t+n& to $eces.
4nall" s+e ca'e to +erself one da" and fo)nd +erself standn& n t+e 'ddle
of t+e roo' ted )$ n a $erfect net8or3 and snarl of 8orsted "arnG t 8as
8o)nd ro)nd t+e $ct)res and t+en ro)nd and ro)nd t+e f)rnt)re1 t+e bed1
t+e c+ars1 +erself1 and s+e +ad to c)t t to &et o)t of t+e snarl. %not+er
fa2o)rte Do3e of (all"5s 8as to 'a3e /ss Bea)c+a'$ le. (+e +ad t+e
$o8er1 8+en s+e $leased1 of $rod)cn& abo)la1 and also of 'a3n& B. I. sa"
and do t+n&s a&anst +er 8llG for after a fas+on s+e can &et control of +er
ar's and le&s1 and of +er ton&)e.
(all" 'ade +er tell 'ost fr&+tf)l fbs. 4or nstance1 8+en as3ed 8+o
l2ed n a s'all sE)ald lttle +o)se at t+e sde of t+e road1 s+e sad1 /rs. 7.
G.19 a 2er" $ro'nent lad" n socet"1 and 2er" 8ealt+". 6+"1 I t+o)&+t
s+e 8as rc+Z9 O+ "es1 b)t s+e +as lost all +er 'one" no8.9 /ss
Bea)c+a'$ 8o)ld be 'ortfed at +earn& +erself tell t+ese asto)ndn& bareC
faced fbs1 8+c+ +er lstener ')st 3no8 8ere fbs1 b)t s+e co)ld not +el$ t.
%&an1 for a t'e at least1 (all" $)t B. I. on an allo8ance of f2e cents a da".
(+e 8o)ld fnd t+e 'one" 8atn& for +er n t+e 'ornn& on t+e table 8t+ a
note sa"n& t+at t 8as +er allo8ance for t+e da" and s+e co)ld not s$end
'ore. (all" too3 a8a" +er $osta&e sta'$s1 and f /ss Bea)c+a'$ 8rote a
letter t +ad frst to be e#+bted to (all"1 and f (all" a$$ro2ed t1 t 8as +i,
IJL- $ostedG f not1 t dd not &o1 and t+at 8as t+e end of t. /ss
Bea)c+a'$ s a $erson 8t+ a &reat sense of d&nt"1 and dsl3es an"t+n&
t+at s'ac3s of a lac3 of decor)' or of fa'lart". (all" +ad a 8a" of
$)ns+n& +er b" 'a3n& +er st on a c+ar 8t+ +er feet )$on t+e
'antel$ece. B. I. co)ld not ta3e +er feet do8n1 and 8as 'ortfed to t+n3
s+e +ad to st t+at 8a". (all" carres on a corres$ondence 8t+ /ss
Bea)c+a'$1 8rtes letters to +er $ontn& o)t all t+e 8ea3 $onts of +er
c+aracter1 d8elln& on all t+e lttle sl$s and fobles of +er 'nd1 telln& +er
all t+e rec3less acts and secret t+o)&+ts1 ndeed1 e2er"t+n& s+e +as done
t+at 8on5t bear crtcs'. In fact1 8+en s+e +as a c+ance to stc3 a $n nto
+er s+e does t. 6+en /ss Bea)c+a'$ 8a3es n t+e 'ornn& s+e 8ll fnd
$nned )$ on t+e 8all of t+e roo' 2erses contann& all sorts of $ersonal
all)sons1 letters calln& +er na'es1 telln& fctto)s t+n&s t+at $eo$le +a2e
sad abo)t +erG n s+ort1 don& e2er"t+n& 'a&nable to 'a3e +er lfe
'serable. !e2ert+eless1 at t'es 8+en s+e &oes too far1 (all" +as &ot
fr&+tened1 and t+en s+e 8o)ld 8rte 'e a letter and as3 for +el$1 sa"n& t+at
s+e co)ld not do an"t+n& 8t+ /ss Bea)c+a'$1 and I reall" ')st +el$
+er.9
One of t+e 'ost nterestn& $roble's s1 8+o s (all"WY(all" as an
nd2d)alt" &oes bac3 to earl" nfanc"1 and +as &ro8n 8t+ t+e &ro8t+ of
/ss Bea)c+a'$. T+e t+eor" 8+c+ fnall"1 I t+n31 +as been de'onstrated1
s t+at (all" re$resents t+e subimina consciousness.
%lt+o)&+ B. I. 3no8s not+n& of (all"1 (all" not onl" s consco)s of
/ss Bea)c+a'$5s t+o)&+ts at t+e 'o'ent t+e" arse1 b)t s+e s ca$able1 as
I +a2e sad1 of controlln& +er t+o)&+ts and +er ar's and le&s and ton&)e to
a certan e#tent. (all" can $rod)ce $ost2e and ne&at2e +all)cnaton n B.
I.1 and freE)entl" does so for a $ractcal Do3e. ,)rn& t+e t'es 8+en (all"
s n e#stence1 B. I. sas (all" $)ts tdead19 and t+ese t'es re$resent
co'$lete &a$s n /ss Bea)c+a'$5s 'e'or"1 and s+e +as no 3no8led&e of
t+e' 8+ate2er. 6+at beco'es of +erW9 (all" freE)entl" as3s. (all" s
ne2er dead.9 -er 'e'or" s contn)o)sG t+ere are no &a$s n t. (+e not
onl" 3no8s all B. I.5s t+o)&+ts and e'otons and sensatons1 b)t 8ll +a2e a
tran of t+o)&+t at t+e sa'e t'e 8t+ B. I.1 of an entrel" dfferent nat)re.
%ll t+s s also tr)e of t+e relaton of (all"5s 'nd to t+at of t+e t+rd
$ersonalt"B. IV.8+o ca'e later1 e#ce$tn& t+at (all" does not 3no8
B. IV.5s t+o)&+ts. 6+le et+er /ss B. I. or IV. s t+n3n& and feeln& one
t+n&s de$ressed and selfCre$roac+f)l1 for e#a'$le(all" s feeln& &a"
and ndfferent and enDo"n& /ss B.5s dsco'ft)re and $er+a$s $lannn&
so'e a')se'ent dstastef)l to +er.
($ea3 to et+er B. I. or B. IV.1 and (all" +ears "o). (a" so'et+n& t+at
(all" alone )nderstands1 and "o) see +er s'le. T+en (all" re'e'bers
t+n&s n t+e $ast t+at B. I. 3no8s not+n& abo)t at all1 t+n&s t+at s+e
a$$arentl" ne2er 8as consco)s of1 or 8+c+ s+e +as co'$letel" for&otten.
T+e 'ost re'ar3able $art of (all"5s $ersonalt"1 I t+n31 s t+at s+e +as been
able to 8rte o)t for 'e +er a)tobo&ra$+"1 be&nnn& 8t+ t+e t'e 8+en
s+e 8as n +er cradle1 8+c+ s+e re'e'bers. (+e act)all" descrbes +er o8n
t+o)&+ts and feeln&s as dstnct fro' B. I.5s all t+ro)&+ +er c+ld+ood1 )$ to
and ncl)dn& t+e $resent t'eG alt+o)&+1 as s+e sa"s1 s+e ne2er &ot an
nde$endent e#stence )ntl s+e &ot +er e"es o$en.9 (+e re'e'bers +er
cradle1 dra8sCa $ct)re of t+e bars n ts sdes1 and re'e'bers 8+at s+e1 as
dstnct fro' /ss Bea)c+a'$1 t+o)&+t at t+e t'e 8+en s+e 8as learnn&
to 8al3. T+en B. I. 8as fr&+tened and 8anted to &o bac31 b)t (all" 8as +i,
IJM- not at all fr&+tened and 8anted to &o a+ead. (+e descrbes B. I. as
+a2n& +ad a b)tterfl" 'nd as contrasted 8t+ +er o8n. (+e1 as a s'all
c+ld1 dsl3ed t+e t+n&s t+at B. I. l3ed1 and vice versF. (+e descrbes +er
sc+ool lfe1 +er o8n feeln&s 8+en B. I. dd t+n&s1 and t+e dfferent
sensatons of t+e t8o sel2es 8+en1 for e#a'$le1 B. I. 8as $)ns+ed and felt
badl"1 and s+e +erself 8as entrel" ndfferent and 8t+o)t re'orse. T+)s I
+a2e been able to &et an actua autobiography o$ a subimina
consciousness, in #hich are described the contemporaneous and contrasted
menta ives o$ t#o consciousnesses, the subimina and the dominant, $rom
eary in$ancy to adut i$e. In t+s (all" +as descrbed for 'e 2aro)s scenes
and ncdents 8+c+ occ)rred and 8+c+ s+e sa8 d)rn& +er earl" lfe1 b)t of
8+c+ /ss Bea)c+a'$ s entrel" &norant. T+ese )s)all" re$resent scenes
8+c+ occ)rred 8+le B. I. 8as absorbed n t+o)&+t1 b)t 8+c+ (all" as a
s)bl'nal notced. Ta3n& all t+s nto consderatonta3n& t+e $resent
relatons of (all"5s t+o)&+ts to /ss Bea)c+a'$5s t+o)&+t1 and 'an" ot+er
facts1 l3e a)to'atc 8rtn&1 8+c+ (all" $erfor's 8t+ ease1 and )ses for
$)r$oses of corres$ondenceI t+n3 8e are safe n sa"n& t+at Say is the
subimina consciousness, 8+c+ +as beco'e +&+l" de2elo$ed and
or&ansed and obtaned fnall" an nde$endent e#stence1 and led an
nd2d)al lfe of ts o8n.
%fter (all"5s esca$e fro' +er 'ental Bastlle1 t+e t8o 8ent on leadn&
t+er nde$endent l2es1 co'n& and &on& for a "ear or t8o1 )ntl one da"1
7)ne =t+1 *A@@1 an e2ent occ)rred 8+c+ +ad an nfl)ence )$on t+e 8+ole
+stor" of t+s case. To )nderstand t1 t s necessar" to &o bac3 s# "ears1 to
t+e "ear *A@;. It a$$eared t+at n *A@; /ss Bea)c+a'$ 8as n a +os$tal n
a ne&+bo)rn& ct"1 call t Pro2dence. (+e +ad been ta3en 8t+ t+e fanc"
t+at s+e 8o)ld l3e to be a n)rse (t 8as t+e $asson of +er lfe)1 and n a ft
of deals' s+e entered t+e +os$tal. One n&+t s+e 8as sttn& n +er roo'
8t+ a frend1 a /ss L.1 8+en1 )$on loo3n& )$1 s+e 8as startled to see a
face n t+e 8ndo8. It 8as t+e face of an old frend of +ers1 a /r. 7ones19
as 8e +a2e a&reed to call +'1 8+o' s+e +ad 3no8n e2er snce s+e 8as a
s'all &rl1 and 8+o +ad been a sort of $rece$tor to +er. %t frst s+e t+o)&+t
t 8as a +all)cnaton1 b)t s+e $resentl" sa8 t+at t 8as a real $erson. (+e
t+en +astl" &ot +er frend o)t of t+e roo'1 and s+e 8ent do8nstars and o)t
of t+e sde door1 8+ere t+s $erson 'et +er. It a$$eared t+at t+s $erson 8as
n Pro2dence on +s 8a" to !e8 Yor31 +ad 8andered to t+e +os$tal1 and
seen& t+e ladder +ad cl'bed t for a Do3e1 and loo3ed nto t+e 8ndo8.
O)tsde t+e +os$tal door an e#ctn& con2ersaton occ)rred. It 8as to +er of
an ntensel" dst)rbn& nat)re1 and &a2e +er a tre'endo)s s+oc3. Per+a$s I
s+o)ld sa" +ereas I +a2e told so ')c+ of t+e stor"t+at t 8as t+e 3nd
of t+n& t+at )$on t+e ordnar" $erson 8o)ld not +a2e +ad ')c+ nfl)ence1
b)t 8t+ +er senst2e and dealstc nat)re s+e e#a&&erated t and &a2e t an
ntenst" t+at an ordnar" $erson 8o)ld not +a2e &2en to t. %t an" rate1 t
dd &2e +er a 2olent s+oc3. T+e s)rro)ndn&s1 too1 8ere dra'atc. It 8as
n&+t1 and $tc+ dar31 b)t a stor' 8as co'n& )$1 and &reat $eals of t+)nder
and flas+es of l&+tnn& +e&+tened t+e e'otonal effect. It 8as onl" b"
t+ese flas+es t+at s+e sa8 +er co'$anon. 4ro' t+at t'e s+e 8as c+an&ed.
(+e 8ent o)t and 8al3ed t+e felds at n&+t b" t+e +o)rG s+e beca'e
ner2o)s1 e#ctable1 and ne)rast+enc1 all +er $ec)lartes beca'e 2er" ')c+
e#a&&erated and +er c+aracter c+an&edG s+e beca'e )nstable1 de2elo$ed
abo)la1 and1 n ot+er 8ords1 c+an&ed nto B. I. (o t+at B. I.or1 'ore
correctl"1 /ss Bea)c+a'$ 'odfed nto B. I.dates fro' t+e t'e of t+at
scene o)tsde t+e +os$tal t+at +i,IJN- n&+t. (all"1 too1 8+o 3no8s t+e
n'ost so)l of /ss Bea)c+a'$1 sa"s s+e c+an&ed after t+at n&+t.
(o t follo8s t+at t+e /ss Bea)c+a'$ 8+o +as been t+e obDect of t+s
st)d"1 +as been ed)cated n colle&e1 and been t+e solct)de of 'an" frends1
s not1 $ro$erl" s$ea3n&1 t+e or&nal /ss B.1 b)t a 'odfed $ersonalt"
r&+tf)ll" des&nated as B. I.
On t+e afternoon of 7)ne =t+1 *A@@1 s# "ears later1 /ss Bea)c+a'$
8as n '" offce. (+e 8as not n an" 8a" notceabl" dfferent fro' +er
)s)al condton. %fter lea2n& t+e offce s+e 8ent to t+e $)blc lbrar"1 as
8as +er c)sto'. In t+e lbrar" s+e 'et a 'essen&er1 8+o E)te )ne#$ectedl"
bro)&+t +er a letter1 and t+s letter 8as fro' t+e $erson 8+o' 8e +a2e
a&reed to call 7ones. T+e letter 8as co)c+ed n al'ost t+e sa'e lan&)a&e as
8as +s con2ersaton at t+e t'e of t+e +os$tal ncdent n *A@;. It t+re8
+er nto a 2er" +&+l"Ce#cted state1 and s+e act)all" sa8 a 2sonJt+e
scene o)tsde t+e +os$tal 8t+ +erself and 7ones as t+e actors1and
act)all" sa8 +erself and +'1 and sa8 t+e flas+es of l&+tnn& and +eard t+e
t+)nder1 and t+ro)&+ t all +s 2oce. :nder t+e nfl)ence of t+s e#cte'ent
s+e 8ent to t+e readn&Croo'1 and t+ere +ad an ll)son. In t+e e2enn&
ne8s$a$er s+e sa8 '" na'e $rnted n lar&e letters n t+e +eadlnes1 n
$lace of t+at 8+c+ 8as reall" $rnted1 t+e na'e of a relat2e of 'ne 8+o
+ad ded t+at 'ornn&. (tll f)rt+er )$set b" t+s1 s+e 'ade +er 8a" +o'e. It
8as not )ntl 'an" 'ont+s after t+s t+at I learned of t+s scene1 or of t+e
+os$tal e$sode n *A@;1 so t+at t 8as lon& before I fo)nd t+e 3e" to t+e
seE)el. (%s 8ll a$$ear1 f I +ad 3no8n of t all1 I s+o)ld +a2e been sa2ed
'an" +o)rs and ')c+ labo)r n t+e atte'$t to )nderstand t+e later $s"c+cal
de2elo$'ents.) %ll I 3ne8 t+en 8as t+s. %fter ret)rnn& fro' t+e lbrar"1
/ss Bea)c+a'$ 8as n s)c+ a ner2o)s state t+at I 8as soon sent for. On
arr2al I fo)nd +er n a 2er" ner2o)s1 +&+l"Ce#cted condton. (+e 8as
)nable to st stllG +er l'bs 8ere n 'ore or less constant 'oton. -er
condton 8as one t+at I +ad freE)entl" seen after s+e +ad been e#$osed to
e'otonal nfl)ences. Presentl" s+e c+an&ed co'$letel". (+e beca'e E)et1
$erfectl" nat)ral1 tal3ed affabl"1 8as 2er" socable1 and1 n fact1 see'ed to
be n a condton n 8+c+ I +ad ne2er seen +er before'ore nat)ral n
'an" 8a"s t+an I +ad e2er seen +er1 E)et and cal'1 and a$$arentl" n a
$erfectl" +ealt+" state of bod" and 'ndG b)t1 to '" s)r$rse1 I fo)nd t+at
s+e dd not 3no8 'e. (+e sad I 8as not ,r. Prnce1 and 8+en I nssted t+at
I 8as1 s+e la)&+ed and too3 t D)st as f I 8as tal3n& nonsense to +erf I
nssted t+at I 8as1 8ell1 I co)ld +a2e t so1 b)t s+e 3ne8 I 8asn5t. (+e sad
t+at I 8as $erfectl" rec3less n co'n&1 t+at I o)&+t not to +a2e co'e1 and
t+en I dsco2ered t+at s+e 8as )nder t+e '$resson1 n fact nssted1 t+at I
+ad co'e n t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo8. %s 8e 8ere n t+e fo)rt+ stor"1 t 8as
$lan t+at s+e 8as also )nder an ll)son as to t+e $lace 8+ere 8e 8ere. T+e
contrast of t+ese ll)sons 8t+ +er nor'alt" n ot+er res$ects 8as str3n&.
T+e scene lasted so'e lttle t'e. 4nall" I s+o8ed +er '" na'e n '"
8atc+. (+e )nder8ent a sl&+t 'ental s+oc3. % c+an&e ca'e o2er +er. (+e
$assed t+ro)&+ a bref $erod of conf)son and t+en beca'e +erself a&an1
b)t 8t+o)t an" recollecton of 8+at +ad occ)rred. T+e essental $onts I
8o)ld e'$+asse are t+atbesdes a$$earn& $erfectl" nor'als+e
nssted t+at I 8as 7ones1 'a&ned 8e 8ere so'e8+ere else1 t+at I +ad
co'e n t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo81 t+at I ran &reat rs3s n co'n& beca)se of t+e
$)blct"1 t+at I o)&+t not to +a2e done t1 and t+at t 8as a fools+ t+n& to
+a2e done. Ben& &norant of t+e $recedn& e2ents D)st +i,IJO- narrated1 t
8as not clear at frst 8+et+er t+s 8as s'$l" /ss B. )nder an ll)son1 or
8+et+er t 8as a ne8 $ersonalt" s'larl" affected.
To c)t a lon& stor" s+ort (for t too3 a lon& t'e to )nra2el t+e '"ster")1
t t)rned o)t to be a ne8 $ersonalt"1 8+o +ad at t+s 'o'ent 8a3ed )$1 and
+ad &one bac3 s# "ears n +er lfe1 and no8 'a&ned t 8as t+e sa'e n&+t
and s+e 8as n t+e sa'e roo' n t+e +os$tal 8+ere s+e +ad seen t+at face n
t+e 8ndo8 n *A@;. T+e '$et)s to +er a8a3enn& +ad e2dentl" been
&2en b" t+e s+oc3 of t+e letter and t+e 2son n t+e lbrar" a fe8 +o)rs
beforeG a8a3enn&1 s+e 8ent on 8t+ +er lfe 8+ere s+e +ad left off1 8t+ t+e
last 2est&e of 'e'or"1 8+c+ 8as seen& 7ones at t+e 8ndo8. :nder t+e
nfl)ence of t+s s)&&eston (s+e and B. I. are 2er" s)&&estble) s+e 'stoo3
'e for 7ones1 and1 +a2n& seen +'1 as s+e t+o)&+t1 a 'o'ent before (reall"
s# "ears $re2o)sl") at t+e 8ndo81 in$erred I +ad entered b" t+at 'eans.
T+e '$ro$ret" and )n8sdo' of t all 8as a nat)ral t+o)&+t. T+s ne8
$ersonalt" beca'e 3no8n n t+ese st)des as B. IV.
T+e ne#t t'e I sa8 B. IV. s+e 8as free fro' all ll)son1 b)t I 8as
str)c3 b" +er for'al and dstant attt)de. It soon trans$red t+at s+e dd not
3no8 'e or t+e cons)ltn&Croo'1 8+ere B. I. +ad been t'e and a&an. In
fact1 s+e 3ne8 absol)tel" not+n& of t+e e2ents of t+e $ast s# "ears1 3ne8
not+n& of B. I.5s lfe n colle&e1 3ne8 not+n& of t+e frends 8+o' B. I. +ad
'ade d)rn& t+ese "ears1 3ne8 not+n& of 'e1 3ne8 not+n& of an" of t+ese
e2ents 8+atsoe2er1 nor later1 after s+e 8as do'cled as one of t+e
Bea)c+a'$ fa'l"1 dd s+e 3no8 an"t+n& abo)t t+e $resent t'es 8+en B.
I. or (all" 8as $resent. 4ro' t+s t follo8s t+at s+e 3ne81 and contn)ed to
3no81 not+n& of et+er B. I. or (all"1 or t+at t+ere e2er 8ere s)c+
$ersonaltes.
It too3 +er a lon& t'e to acco''odate +erself to t+e ne8 order of
t+n&s and to ta3e )$ t+e t+read of e2ents. L3e R$ Van 6n3le1 s+e dd not
3no8 t+at t+e 8orld +ad 'o2ed snce s+e 8ent to slee$. (all"1 8+o 8as
n2al)able as an nfor'er1 )sed to re$ort t+at s+e see'ed to l2e n t+e $ast1
and )sed to s$ea3 to $eo$le as f t 8as stll *A@;. (o t+e fa'l" no8 8as
ncreased b" one1 and t+ere 8ere t+ree 8+o 3e$t c+an&n& 8t+ one anot+er.
B. IV. s a 2er" dfferent c+aracter fro' et+er (all" or /ss
Bea)c+a'$. % st)d" of t+e dfferent +abts of t+o)&+t1 tastes1 and e'otons
of t+ese t+ree $eo$le +as t+ro8n1 I bele2e1 ')c+ l&+t )$on t+e $s"c+olo&"
of c+aracter1 b)t n t+s re$ort I ')st l't '"self to a 'ere o)tlne of
e2ents. T+ere 8ere1 of co)rse1 &a$s n t+e 'e'or" of B. IV. (as 8t+ B. I.)
corres$ondn& to t+e t'e of t+e e#stence of t+e ot+er t8o $ersonaltes. B)t
t+s B. V. 8as ne2er 8lln& to ad't. :nl3e t+e ot+ers1 s+e s rrtable and
E)c3Cte'$ered1 and resented as an '$ertnencees$ecall" as s+e
re&arded 'ost of )s as stran&ers an" nE)r" nto +er $r2ate t+o)&+ts and
affars1 and abo2e all an" nterference 8t+ +er +abts of lfe and $r2ate
cond)ct. T+o)&+ an#o)s to 3no81 s+e 8as not 8lln& to as3 abo)t 8+at
+ad occ)rred n t+e &a$s 8+en t+e ot+ers 8ere n t+e fles+1 and so 8as n t+e
+abt of nferrn& and &)essn&1 at 8+c+ s+e 8as 2er" s3lf)l. (+e 8as1 as
stated1 e2en )n8lln& for a lon& t'e to ad't t+at t+ere 8ere &a$s1 b)t t
8as eas" to con2ct +er +ere b" a fe8 E)estons. %fter fbbn& and nferrn&
and &)essn&1 s+e 8o)ld brea3 do8n and confess s+e dd not 3no81 8+c+
8as t+e fact.
!o81 (all"1 alt+o)&+ +er 'ental lfe s also contn)o)s d)rn& t+at of B.
IV. (as 8t+ B. I.)1 and alt+o)&+ s+e 3no8s e2er"t+n& B. IV. does at t+e
t'e s+e does t1 +ears 8+at s+e sa"s1 reads 8+at s+e 8rtes1 and sees 8+at
s+e does1 ne2ert+eless Say does not Bno# ). (C.Qs thoughts. -eren s a
2er" +i,IKP- nterestn& $s"c+olo&cal dstncton bet8een (all"5s relaton to
B. I. and to B. IV. (+e 3no8s B. I.5s n'ost so)l1 s+e can onl" nfer B. IV.5s
t+o)&+ts fro' 8+at s+e sa"s and does. B)t (all" st)ded +er closel"1 and
soon dsco2ered for +erself t+at B. IV. 3ne8 not+n& of t+e $ast s# "ears1
b)t 8as al8a"s secretl" tr"n& to obtan nfor'aton1 and &)essn&. (all"1 n
+er astons+'ent1 )sed to sa"1 6+"1 s+e doesn5t 3no8 an"t+n&1 s+e s
al8a"s fs+n& and &)essn&.9 4or t+s reason1 (all"1 )ntl s+e learned to
3no8 B. IV. better1 +ad a &reat conte'$t for +er1 and d)bbed +er t+e
Idot19 and 8+ene2er after t+s s+e s$o3e of +er1 t 8as as t+e Idot.9 4ro'
t+s t'e on1 (all" transferred +er +atred fro' B. I. to t+e Idot.9 (+e ca'e
to re&ard B. I. as rat+er a $oor sort of creat)re1 and +ardl" 8ort+" of +er
consderaton an"8a"1 and let +er aloneG b)t B. IV. beca'e t+e obDect of +er
attac3s. B)t B. IV. s 'ore t+an a 'atc+ for (all"1 8+o s reall" afrad of
+er. T+e" E)arrel l3e cats and do&s. One of t+e 'ost c)ro)s and $)NNln&
t+n&s 8as t+e ca)se of (all"5s +atred of B. I. It 8as )n't&ated Dealo)s".
(+e 8as Dealo)s of t+e attentons B. I. rece2ed1 Dealo)s of t+e fact t+at
$eo$le l3ed B. I. and 8anted to 3ee$ +er n e#stence nstead of +erself1 and
t+ereforedffc)lt as t s to conce2e of a $erson Dealo)s of +erself(all"
8as ''ensel" Dealo)s of +erself.
I +a2e sad t+at B. IV.5s 'e'or" ceases at Pro2dence 8t+ seen& t+e
face n t+e 8ndo8. (+e can tell "o) not+n& after t+at1 and 3no8s not+n&
of t+e scene o)tsde t+e door. Bot+ B. I. and (all" recall and descrbe
s'larl" t+at scene1 b)t t+e last t+n& B. IV. re'e'bers s t+e face at t+e
8ndo8 a fe8 'n)tes before.
*
%s one 'et+od of corroboraton of t+ese
e2ents1 I $rod)ced n B. IV. a cr"stal 2son.
.
I &a2e +er a &lass &lobe to
loo3 at1 and told +er to t+n3 of Pro2dence. %s s+e loo3ed nto t+e &lass s+e
8as +orrfed to see t+ere t+e scene t+at too3 $lace o)tsde t+e +os$tal door.
(+e declared 8t+ ')c+ e#cte'ent t+at t 8as not tr)e1 t+at t ne2er +ad
occ)rred1 and t+s s+e re$eated a&an and a&an1 and re'onstrated a&anst
'" bele2n& t. L3e B. I. n t+e lbrar"1 s+e sa8 +erself b" flas+es of
l&+tnn& standn& b" t+e door 8t+ 7ones. (+e sa8 +s e#cted 'anner1 and
+eard +s 2oce bet8een t+e $eals of t+)nder. (+e sa8 t all as a vision, D)st
as t occ)rred. (+e 8as startled b" 8+at s+e sa81 and e#$erenced o2er
a&an all t+e e'oton of t+e or&nal scene.Y
!o8 t+e 'ost nterestn& and 'ost '$ortant E)eston s1 8+at s t+e
relatons+$ bet8een all t+e $ersonaltesW 6+at relaton do t+e" bear to t+e
nor'al $ersonalt"1 and1 for t+at 'atter1 8+c+ s t+e nor'al /ss
Bea)c+a'$1 or s an" one of t+e' t+e real and nor'al nd2d)alWY (all"
+as been s)ffcentl" e'$+assed.Y B)t B. I. and B. IV.1 8+o are t+e"W
One t+n& ')st be nssted )$onna'el"1 +o8e2er nor'al eac+ 'a"
a$$ear s)$erfcall"1 net+er s E)te nor'al. In eac+ are 'ssn& so'e of t+e
attrb)tes of t+e or&nal /ss Bea)c+a'$1 b)t n B. I. t+e de$art)re fro'
t+e nor'al s t+e least. -er ne)rast+enc condton1 +er abo)la1 +er e#tre'e
s)&&estblt"1 b" 8+c+ ne&at2e +all)cnaton can be $rod)ced at 8ll1 +er
e#a&&erated senst2eness to e'otonal nfl)ences1 l3e ')sc and rel&on1
8+c+ $rod)ce certan $s"c+cal $+eno'ena1 t+e do'non 8+c+ deas
acE)re +i,IKG- n +er 'nd1 t+e e#a&&eraton of certan trats al8a"s
$ossessed b" +er1 +er tendenc" to dsnte&raton1 b" 8+c+ s+e at t'es loses
te'$orarl" certan acE)re'ents1 l3e t+e 4renc+ lan&)a&et+ese and ot+er
$ec)lartes are e2dence t+at a certan a'o)nt of dsnte&raton too3 $lace
n *A@; b" 8+c+ t+e or&nal $ersonalt" beca'e fract)red and 'odfed.
!e2ert+eless1 t 8o)ld be an e#a&&eraton to affr' t+at s+e s a 8+oll" ne8
and dstnct $ersonalt"1 or t+at s+e s a 2&la'b)lst. It s 'ore correct to
sa" t+at certan co'$onents of +er $ersonalt" +a2e beco'e dsnte&rated
fro' t+e rest1 certan local areas of +er bran1 as I +a2e else8+ere $)t t1
*
+a2e &one to slee$. T+e or&nal self +as beco'e 'odfed nto B. I.
B. IV.1 not8t+standn& +er &reater stablt"1 s a stll &reater de$art)re
fro' t+e or&nal self. -er c+aracter s totall" dfferentG +er &eneral attt)de
to8ards +er en2ron'ent +as c+an&ed1 for t+ere s 'ssn& t+e taste for1 t+at
s1 t+e nor'al reactons to ')sc1 lterat)re1 and rel&on. (+e +as also lost
+er 3no8led&e of ')sc. (+e +as no e'otonablt"1 e#ce$tn& bad te'$erG
n s+ort1 s+e +as retaned so'e c+aracterstcs and lost ot+ers of t+e or&nal
self.
!o8 an" t+eor" 8e ado$t ')st e#$lan all t+s1 as 8ell as t+e $artc)lar
for's of a'nesa and contn)tes of 'e'or". T+e e#$lanaton 8+c+ I
bele2e to be t+e correct one s t+sJ net+er B. I. nor B. IV. s strctl" t+e
or&nal self1 nor are t+e" so'na'b)lstc $ersonaltes1 b)t 'odfcatons of
t+e or&nal self. T+e or&nal /ss B. beca'e dsnte&rated and as a
co'$lete $s"c+cal co'$oston de$arted t+s lfe n *A@;. B. I. and B. IV.
are eac+ dfferent dsnte&rated $arts of t+e co'$lete /ss Bea)c+a'$. In
t+e LfrstM dsnte&raton of t+e $r'ar" consco)sness a certan $ortonB.
IV.s$lt tself off and beca'e dor'ant. T+e re'ander $erssted as a
'odfed $ersonalt"B. I. ()ffcent re'aned to retan t+e 'e'ores of
t+e $ast1 8+c+ fro' t+s t'e beca'e or&ansed 8t+ all f)t)re e#$erences
and 'ade a contn)o)s 'e'or" and $ersonalt".
T+e s$ltCoff dor'ant $orton 8as a8a3ened s# "ears later as t+e res)lt
of an ntense e#ctaton of ts constt)ent 'e'ores b" t+e s+oc3 n t+e
lbrar"1 and n t+e a8a3enn& 8renc+ed a8a" fro' B. I. a $orton of +er
'ental assocatons1 8+c+ t+)s beca'e co''on to bot+. %s n *A@;1 a
certan n)'ber of &ro)$s of $s"c+cal assocatons t+at belon&ed to B. I.
no8 re'aned s$lt off and dor'ant. T+ose t+at re'aned a8a3e beca'e
or&ansed nto anot+er $ersonalt" as B. IV.Y
T+)s t+e do'nant $art of B. IV.5s consco)sness1 ben& a8a3e )$ to
*A@;1 re'e'bers +er 8+ole lfe )ntl t+at dateG b)t ben& aslee$ fro' *A@;
to *A@@1 s+e +as no 3no8led&e of t+e e2ents of t+s $erod. 6a3n& )$ a&an
s)ddenl" n *A@@1 s+e &oes bac3 to t+e da" 8+en s+e 8ent to slee$.Y
In *A@= B. III.1 t+e s)bl'nal consco)sness1 beca'e de2elo$ed and
acE)red an nde$endent e#stence1 and beca'e 3no8n as (all"G so t+at
(all" re$resents t+e s)bl'nal consco)sness1 and B. I. and B. IV. s'$l"
certan dsnte&rated ele'ents n t+e $r'ar" s)$ernatant consco)sness.
T+e res)lt s t+at net+er B. I. nor B. IV. s t+e 8+ole or&nal /ss
Bea)c+a'$1 b)tf '" st)des +a2e led 'e to t+e r&+t nter$retatont+e
or&nal self s a co'bnaton of t+e t8o. If t+s be tr)e1 t s+o)ld be $ossble
to co'bne t+e' and obtan t+e or&nal self.Y
+i,IKH-
T+ere re'ans B. II.G 8+o s B. II.W !o8 t s $ossble to +"$notse B. I.
and also B. IV.1 LandM t trans$red t+at B. I. and B. IV. +"$notsed beca'e
t+e sa'e $erson1 or B. II.Y B. II. 3no8s t+e t+o)&+ts of B. I. and eE)all"
3no8s t+e t+o)&+ts of B. IV.1 b)t B. I. and B. IV. 3no8 not+n& of B. II.
!o81 f t+e or&nal co'$lete /ss Bea) c+a'$ s a total co'bnaton
of t+e 8+ole of B. I. and of B. IV.1 t+en f 8e co)ld $)t I. and II. to&et+er1
8e o)&+t to &et /ss Bea)c+a'$. T+s I 8as able to do b" s)&&eston &2en
to t+e +"$notc self1 B. II.1 and to obtan t+e or&nal self for a n)'ber of
+o)rs at a t'e. I s)&&ested to B. II. t+at 8+en a8a3e as B. I. s+e 8o)ld
3no8 all abo)t B. IV.1 and as B. IV. 8o)ld 3no8 all abo)t B. I. and feel and
t+n3 as B. I. dd. I t+en 8a3ed +er )$ s)ccess2el" as B. I. and as B. IV. In
eac+ case s+e 3ne8 all abo)t t+e t'es to 8+c+ I +ad s$ecal reference
8+en I &a2e t+e s)&&estons. %s B. I. s+e told 'e 8+at s+e +ad been don&
as B. IV.1 and as B. IV. 8+at s+e +ad been don& as B. I.Y (o t+at n +er
sensatons1 and acE)re'ents1 and 'e'or"1 she, #hen thus put together, to
a appearances #as the origina 2iss )eauchamp.
T+s ne8 $ersonalt" s $lanl" a co'$oste of B. I. and B. IV.G not onl"
n 'e'or"1 b)t n c+aracter1 tastes1 and &eneral 'a3eC)$. (all" calls +er
t+at ne8 t+n&19 and +as 2er" lttle1 f an"1 control o2er +er. (+e +erself
does not 3no8 8+c+ s+e sI. or IV.b)t sa"s s+e s bot+. 6+en s+e s
$resent1 (all" tends to sn3 o)t of s&+t and &o bac3as (all" $)ts tto
8+ere I ca'e fro'.9
T+s fnal s"nt+esst+e constr)cton of 8+at a$$ears to be t+e or&nal
selfsee's to 'e a3n to a $roof of t+e correctness of t+e da&noss.
(3' A . T+e case of /olle 4anc+er9 8as recorded n a boo3 b" 7)d&e
%bra' -. ,ale"1 enttled /olle 4anc+erJ t+e Broo3l"n En&'a. %n
%)t+entc (tate'ent of 4acts n t+e Lfe of /ar" 7. 4anc+er1 t+e
Ps"c+olo&cal /ar2el of t+e !neteent+ Cent)r"9 (Broo3l"n1 !.Y.). T+s
boo3 conssts of a rat+er dsconnected narrat2e b" 7)d&e ,ale"1 abstracts
of a dar" 3e$t b" /ss 4anc+er5s a)nt1 a seres of s&ned state'ents 'ade
b" frends1 and a n)'ber of re$rnts of artcles 8+c+ +ad or&nall"
a$$eared n t+e dal" $a$ers. I E)ote a re2e8 of t b" ,r. 6lla' Ro'ane
!e8bold1 of t+e :n2erst" of Penns"l2ana1 8+c+ a$$eared n t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2. $$. ;@BK@A. %lt+o)&+ '" 'an dsc)sson of
s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena s deferred to later c+a$ters1 t 8ll be con2enent
to ncl)de +ere ,r. !e8bold5s crtcs' of t+e e2dence for s)c+ $+eno'ena
n /ss 4anc+er5s case.
/ss 4anc+er 8as born %)&)st *Bt+1 *A<A. %s a c+ld +er +ealt+ 8as
&ood1 b)t n /arc+ of *AB< t be&an to fal. (+e +ad ner2o)s nd&eston19
nablt" to retan food1 fantn& s$ells19 8ea3ness n t+e c+est19 and s+e
8asted a8a".9 /a" *>t+1 *AB<1 s+e 8as t+ro8n fro' +er +orse and
se2erel" nD)red. In t+e co)rse of t+e follo8n& s)''er t+e lo8er $art of +er
bod" s)ddenl" beca'e $aral"sed. (+e see'ed to reco2er fro' t+e effects of
t+s accdent d)rn& t+e a)t)'n1 b)t on 7)ne At+1 *AB?1 as s+e 8as ste$$n&
fro' a street car1 t+e car started too soon1 s+e 8as t+ro8n to t+e &ro)nd1 +er
s3rt ca)&+t )$on a $roDectn& +oo31 and s+e 8as dra&&ed so'e "ards1 a&an
rece2n& sero)s nD)res. T+s 8as follo8ed b" 8ea3ness1 transent
$aral"ses1 $an1 co)&+1 and +F'orr+a&es fro' t+e l)n&s. In 4ebr)ar" *AB>
con2)lsons +i,IKI- a$$eared. (oon after8ards s+e lost1 n ra$d s)ccesson1
s&+t1 s$eec+1 and +earn&. 4ro' t+at date to *A@<1 8+en t+e boo3 8as
8rtten1 +er +stor" 8as t+at of a +"sterc of t+e 8orst t"$eanFst+esas1
$aral"ses1 contract)res1 and con2)lsons n2ol2n& no8 t+s1 no8 t+at or&an
of sense or &ro)$ of ')scles1 and s)cceedn& one anot+er n be8ldern&
2aret". -er s&+t1 +o8e2er1 8as ne2er restored1 alt+o)&+ n recent "ears s+e
see's to be reco2ern& so'e $orton of t. T+ro)&+o)t t+s $erod nor'al
slee$ see'ed to be re$laced b" trance19 n 8+c+ t+e 8+ole bod" beca'e
r&d.
In *A=?1 after a trance lastn& a 'ont+1 t 8as fo)nd t+at +er 'e'or" of
t+e nne "ears ''edatel" $recedn& +ad been totall" oblterated1 t+e
contract)res 8+c+ +ad 'ar3ed t+ose "ears +ad dsa$$eared1 and all t+e s3ll
n e'broder"1 &c.1 8+c+ s+e +ad acE)red d)rn& t+e' 8as lost.
4ro' *A=? to t+e date of t+e boo3 /ss 4anc+er5s 'e'ores 8ere
a$$ro#'atel" contn)o)s1 t+e onl" e#ce$tons ben& fo)nd n t+e l2es of
+er secondar" sel2es. (+e also re'e'bers t+e e2ents of +er earl" lfe )$ to
t+e be&nnn& of t+e nneC"ear $erod. %bo)t *A=A a ne8 'e'or"Cs"nt+ess
a$$eared1 b)t soon 2ans+ed1 and 8as not a&an obser2ed )ntl *AA=. It 8as
t+en na'ed b" +er frends Idol.9 Ot+ers of later date 8ere na'ed
Roseb)d19 Pearl19 and R)b".9 T+e nor'al9 /ss 4anc+er 8as na'ed
()nbea'19 to dstn&)s+ +er fro' t+ese. Eac+ of t+ese 'e'or"Cs"ste's or
$ersonaltes calls tself /olle 4anc+er1 $ossesses a $orton of /ss
4anc+er5s 'e'ores1 and re'e'bers ts o8n $re2o)s occ)rrences. !o one
+as an" 3no8led&e of an" ot+er sa2e n so far as nfor'ed b" ot+er $ersons.
Roseb)d9 see's to be dentcal 8t+ /olle 4anc+er as s+e 8as at s# or
se2en "ears. Idol9 and Pearl9 are "o)n& &rls of abo)t s#teen1 b)t net+er
recalls t+e frst accdent1 8+le R)b"19 8+o see's to be abo)t t+e sa'e
a&e1 recalls t+e frst1 b)t not t+e second accdent. Idol9 and Pearl9 are
E)et1 and not 'ar3edl" )nl3e one anot+er1 8+le R)b"9 s 22aco)s1
c+eerf)l1 and tal3at2e. !one of t+e' $ossesses ()nbea'5s9 acE)red s3ll1
and all are e#tre'el" )nstable1 a$$earn& onl" d)rn& t+e n&+t1 and lastn&
b)t a fe8 'n)tes.
,)rn& +er "ears of blndness /ss 4anc+er +as con2nced +er frends
t+at s+e $ossessed s)$ernor'al $o8ers of 2son. It s cla'ed t+at s+e +as
re$eatedl" read sealed letters1 descrbed e2ents at a dstance1 and fo)nd lost
artcles. (+e also bele2es t+at s+e sees t+e 8orld of s$rts1 b)t s e#tre'el"
retcent )$on t+at to$c.
One s dsa$$onted to fnd t+at 7)d&e ,ale" add)ces lttle e2dence of
2al)e n s)$$ort of t+ese cla's. -e +as1 ndeed1 recorded t+e narrat2es of
'an" 8tnesses 8+ose tr)t+f)lness no one 8o)ld E)eston1 b)t n not one of
t+ese narrat2es are t+e facts &2en 8t+ t+at attenton to detals and t+at care
to a2od 'sdescr$ton 8+c+ t+e nat)re of t+e case de'ands. /an" are
2a&)e n t+e e#tre'e1 and 2er" fe8 tell )s +o8 ')c+ t'e ela$sed bet8een
t+e e2ent and ts co''ttal to 8rtn&. To &lance at onl" t+e best of t+eseJ
Professor Par3+)rst s)b'tted to /ss 4anc+er a sealed en2elo$e contann&
a sl$ of $rnted $a$er1 t+e contents of 8+c+ +e dd not +'self 3no8. (+e
told +' t contaned t+e 8ords co)rt19 D)rsdcton19 and t+e n)'erals B1
.1 ;1 <. T+ese +e 8rote n +s noteboo31 too3 t+e en2elo$e a8a" stll sealed1
read /ss 4anc+er5s state'ent to t8o frends1 and n t+er $resence o$ened
t+e en2elo$e. /ss 4anc+er5s state'ents 8ere fo)nd to be correct. B)t 8e
are not told +o8 lar&e t+e t"$e 8as1 +o8 'an" t+c3nesses of $a$er co2ered
t1 +o8 /ss 4anc+er +andled t+e en2elo$e1 +o8 lon& s+e +ad t n +er
$ossesson1 or 8+et+er s+e +ad t at an" t'e 8+en Professor Par3+)rst 8as
not $resent.
+i,IKJ-
,r. ($er states t+at /ss 4anc+er once 8rote for +' )$on a slate t+e
contents of a letter 8+c+ +ad D)st been bro)&+t to +er b" t+e $ost'an1 and
8as as "et )no$ened. 6e are not &2en co$es of t+e t8o1 nor are 8e told
+o8 ')c+ t'e ela$sed bet8een t+e e2ent and t+e record1 nor 8+o 8rote
t+e letter1 nor 8+et+er /ss 4anc+er co)ld +a2e 3no8n t+at ,r. ($er 8o)ld
be $resent 8+en t+e $ost'an ca'e.
/ss 4anc+er once told 7)d&e ,ale" t+at s+e +ad seen +' )$on a &2en
e2enn& 8t+ a &entle'an 8+o' s+e descrbed. %fter so'e dffc)lt" 7)d&e
,ale" recollected t+at )$on t+at e2enn& +e +ad been 8t+ a frend na'ed
(sson. 6e are not told +o8 +e dentfed t+e e2enn&. (o'e 'ont+s later
7)d&e ,ale"1 /r. (sson1 and anot+er $erson called )$on /ss 4anc+er.
(+e at frst sad s+e +ad not before seen et+er of t+e t8o &entle'en1 b)t
after a 'o'ent5s reflecton sad t+at one1 $ontn& to /r. (sson1 8as t+e
'an s+e +ad seen 8t+ t+e 7)d&e. T+s s one of t+e best cases1 as t s
corroborated b" /r. (sson1 and t a$$ears t+at +s acco)nt 8as 8rtten onl"
s# 'ont+s or so after t+e e2ent. 6e 8o)ld l3e to 3no81 +o8e2er1 8+et+er
an" f)rt+er E)estons 8ere as3ed /ss 4anc+er after s+e +ad frst stated t+at
s+e dd not reco&nse /r. (sson.
In bref1 t+e e2dence 8+c+ 7)d&e ,ale" +as collected 8ll see'
satsfactor" onl" to t+ose 8+o are alread" satsfed of t+e $ossblt" of
clar2o"ance. It 8ll do lttle to8ards establs+n& t+at $ossblt". %nd as
/ss 4anc+er5s clar2o"ant $o8ers are sad to be ')c+ less 3een no8 t+an
t+e" 8ere so'e "ears a&o1 t s not $robable t+at +er case 8ll contrb)te
')c+ of 2al)e to t+e e2dence for t+e s)$ernor'al. One can readl"
a$$recate t+e re$)&nance 8+c+ /ss 4anc+er felt to s)b'ttn& +erself to
t+e co''sson of e#$erts s)&&ested b" t+e !e8 Yor3 /edcoCLe&al
(ocet"1 b)t t s ')c+ to be re&retted t+at +er frends s+o)ld +a2e allo8ed
t+e 2al)e of +er case to be lost t+ro)&+ 'ere ne&l&ence.
(3* A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt s ta3en fro' t+e Re$ort of ,r. Ira
Barro8s on t+e Case of 2iss Anna Dinsor9 E#tracts fro' t+s Re$ort 8ere
'ade b" ,r. C. 6. 4ll'ore1 and sent to t+e %'ercan (ocet" for Ps"c+cal
Researc+. ,r. Barro8s and ,r. 4ll'ore 8ere bot+ of Pro2dence1 R.I.1 and
are no8 deceased. Professor 7a'es 'ade so'e nE)r" nto t+e case n
*AA@1 and stated (&roceedings of t+e %'ercan (.P.R.1 Vol. I.1 $. ??.) t+at
t+e 'ot+er and brot+er of t+e $atent1 and ,r. 6lco#1 t+e for'er $artner of
,r. Barro8s1 bore corroborat2e test'on". I reco)nt t+e case as far as
$ossble n t+e 8ords of ,r. Barro8s1 8t+ so'e abrd&'ents and
o'ssons1 and a fe8 e#$lanator" re'ar3s. T+e $arts o'tted are c+efl"
acco)nts of t+e $atent5s s$as's1 and $)rel" 'edcal descr$tons.
T+e case of %nna 6nsor re$resents an e#tre'e for' of
+"steroe$le$s"1 8t+ 2er" 2olent and freE)ent con2)lsons1 and nter2als of
nsane del)sons. /)c+ relef 8as &2en b" +"$nots' (called b" ,r.
Barro8s 'a&nets'19 or an'al 'a&nets'9)1 b)t no c)re 8as effected.
T+e detaled record e#tends o2er t8o and a +alf "ears1 fro' /a" @t+1 *AB>1
to 7an)ar" *AB;1 b)t so'e of ,r. Barro8s5 co''ents 8ere 'ade at a later
date. /ss 6nsor ded n *A=;.
+i,IKK-
T+ere s clear e2dence of a secondar" $ersonalt"1 and t+ere see's to
+a2e been +"$erFst+esa of 2son1 and $er+a$s also telFst+esa1 and e2en
+eterFst+esaG b)t n t+e absence of detals concernn& t+e e#$er'ents
'ade n t+ese drectons1 8e cannot nfer 8t+ an" certant" t+at
s)$ernor'al fac)lt" 8as 'anfested. It s nterestn& to note t+at t+e frst
atte'$t a$$arentl" of t+e secondar" $ersonalt" to co'')ncate res)lted n
a 8rtn& 'o2e'ent of t+e toes. B)t t+e 'ost re'ar3able feat)re n t+e case
8as t+at later on t+e right arm beca'e1 as t 8ere1 t+e $er'anent $ossesson
of t+e secondar" $ersonalt". T+e $ersonatons a$$ear to +a2e been
c+efl"1 at least1of t+e nsane t"$e1 and t+ere s no e2dence of t+e control
of t+e or&ans' b" an" e#ternal ntell&ence. T+e benefcent control of t+e
r&+t ar'9 $ersonalt" s do)btless to be referred to t+e s)bDect5s o8n
s)bl'nal self.
2ay @th, *AB>.Called to 2st /ss 6nsor1 a&ed e&+teen "ears. 4ro'
+er 'ot+er and sster learned t+e follo8n& re&ardn& +er +stor".
6+en teet+n& +ad been s)bDect to con2)lsons. -ad &ro8n )$ a
tolerabl" +ealt+" &rl. -ad $assed t+ro)&+ t+e $r'ar" sc+oolG 8as attendn&
a +&+er one 8+en at ffteen s+e 8as attac3ed 8t+ r+e)'atc fe2er. (+e
s)ffered $artc)larl" n +er Donts1 and es$ecall" t+e 2ertebral Donts. 4or
se2en 'ont+s s+e 8as )nable to 8al3. It 8as .i "ears before s+e 8as able
to ret)rn to sc+ool1 and t+en 8as 2er" 8ea31 and s)ffered 8t+ r+e)'atc
cardal&a. (+e contn)ed n sc+ool e&+t 'ont+s1 and t+en1 /a" Bt+1 *AB>1
left sc+oolG co'$laned of c+llness and se2ere +eadac+e.
2ay Mth.:n)s)all" E)et1 8andern& abo)t t+e +o)se )nconsco)s of
8+at s+e dd1 scarcel" tastn& food1 and o$$ressed 8t+ dro8sness. /a"
At+. Reclned )$on lo)n&e all da".
2ay @th.4rst 2st. 4o)nd +er st)$d1 $)lse s'all1 freE)ent1 rre&)lar.
Ton&)e dr"G s3n +ot and dr". Treated +er for 8+at a$$eared to be t"$+od
fe2er. %t t+e end of abo)t se2enteen da"s s+e beca'e con2alescent1 and I
antc$ated a s$eed" reco2er". !o81 s)ddenl" and 8t+o)t a$$arent ca)se1
abo)t 7)ne *st1 a rela$se of fe2er. -ead ac+edG ton&)e dredG delr)'
s)$er2enedG con2)lsons follo8edG loss of consco)sness. T+e 8+ole
2ertebral col)'n senst2e to sl&+t $ress)re. -ard $ress)re )$on t+e
cer2cal and )$$er dorsal 2ertebrae 8o)ld $rod)ce s$as'. Tetanc s$as's
alternatn& 8t+ co'a.
!o c+an&e 8ort+" of notce )ntl 7)ne *?t+. %$$arentl" )nconsco)s of
e2er"t+n& aro)nd +erG e'acated1 +a&&ard1 and see'n&l" abo)t to deG 8e
notced +er toes 'o2n& as f tr"n& to for' letters on t+e s+eet. !ot &2n&
an" $artc)lar attenton to t+s1 s+e be&an1 8t+ +er forefn&er1 to for'
letters on t+e s+eet as f tr"n& to s$ell so'e 8ord. It 8as s)&&ested t+at
$a$er and a $encl be &2en to +er. (+e be&an to 8rte na'es of $ersons
lon& snce dead. T+en follo8ed drectons abo)t +er sc3ness1 and
$redctons as to +er f)t)re1 sa"n&J It (al8a"s )sn& t+e t+rd $erson
sn&)lar) 8ll be a lon& t'e sc3G lose +er sense of s'ellG be blnd 'an"
'ont+sG do)btf)l f s+e e2er 8al3s a&an. -er sc3ness 8ll de2elo$ 'an"
$+ases and stran&e $+eno'ena.9 Contn)es to be 2er" sc3. ($as's ncrease
n freE)enc" and se2ert".
%bo)t 7)ne .Bt+ s+e beca'e 2er" senst2e to 'a&netc nfl)ence. T+e
to)c+ of 'an" $ersons beca'e $anf)l1 so t+at t 8as dffc)lt to &et s)table
+i,IKL- 8atc+ers. % r)bber co'b1 t+e contact of a cat1 as 8ell as t+e to)c+
of s)ndr" $ersons1 8ere not onl" $anf)l1 b)t ca)sed s$as's.
August @th.Tred an'al 'a&nets'. ()cceeded n $)ttn& +er to
slee$G sle$t a s+ort t'e1 b)t 'ore E)et t+ro)&+ t+e da". %)&)st *>t+
(a$$arentl")1 tred 'a&nets' a&anG dd not s)cceed. On %)&)st .Bt+ s+e
t+n3s t s t+e <t+ of 7)l". LT+s s)&&ests t+e 8a3n& +ere of so'e fra&'ent
of +er $ersonalt" t+at +ad been dor'ant snce 7)l" <t+.M
September Ath.(+e +as not been able to )tter a 8ord for ten 8ee3s.
%ll co'')ncatons are 'ade b" 8rtn&.
September *;th.Co'$lans t+at t+e roo' s dar3G cannot see. Tells
8+at s &on& on n an adDonn& roo'. Tells t+e t'e b" a cloc3 n anot+er
roo'. *<t+ and *?t+.Balls9 of $an n bac3 and +ead. *Bt+1 %./.(o'e
delr)'G n t+e e2enn& a ra2n& 'anac. Tore +er +ar o)t b" +andf)lsG
fo)&+t and bt all 8+o ca'e near +er. R)bbed 8t+ Tnct. Bell.J 'a&nets'.
()cceeded at *..?> n &ettn& +er E)et. *=t+ and *At+.6ld 8t+
delr)'. Tears +er +ar1 bedCclot+es1 $llo8Ccases1 bot+ s+eets1 n&+tCdress
all to $eces. -er r&+t +and $re2ents +er left +and1 b" seNn& and +oldn&
t1 fro' tearn& o)t +er +ar1 b)t tears +er clot+es 8t+ +er left +and and
teet+.
LT+s a$$ears to be t+e frst dstnctl" noted )s)r$aton of t+e r&+t ar'
b" t+e secondar" $ersonalt".M
September .<th.6rtes t+e t'e of da"G 'otons for a boo3G +olds t
)$sde do8n. R&+t +and $redcts t+e n)'ber of s$as's s+e 8ll +a2e a da"J
so'e da"s 'ore1 so'e less. .?t+1 .Bt+1 .=t+1 .At+.Tal3s a&an1 b)t n
8+s$ers. .@t+.Co'$lans of &reat $an n r&+t ar'1 'ore and 'ore
ntense1 8+en s)ddenl" t falls do8n b" +er sde. (+e loo3s at t n
a'aNe'ent. T+n3s t belon&s to so'e one elseG $ost2e t s not +ers. (ees
+er r&+t ar' dra8n aro)nd )$on +er s$ne. C)t t1 $rc3 t1 do 8+at "o)
$lease to t1 s+e ta3es no notce of t. Co'$lans of &reat $an n t+e nec3
and bac31 8+c+ s+e no8 calls +er s+o)lder and ar'G no $rocess of
reasonn& can con2nce +er of t+e contrar". LTo t+e $resent t'e (*ABB1
8+en t+e Re$ort 8as read at a /edcal (ocet" n Boston)1 no8 nearl" f2e
"ears1 t+e +all)cnaton re'ans fr'. (+e bele2es +er s$ne s +er r&+t
ar'1 and t+at +er r&+t ar' s a fore&n obDect and a n)sance. (+e bele2es t
to be an ar' and +and1 b)t treats t as f t +ad ntell&ence and '&+t 3ee$
a8a" fro' +er. (+e btes t1 $o)nds t1 $rc3s t1 and n 'an" 8a"s see3s to
dr2e t fro' +er. (+e calls t (t)'$G old (t)'$.9 (o'et'es s+e s n &reat
e#cte'ent and tears1 $o)ndn& Old (t)'$.9 (a"s (t)'$9 +as &ot t+s1
t+at1 or t+e ot+er t+at belon&s to +er.M
T+e +stor" of (e$te'ber s +er dal" and n&+tl" +stor" to October
.?t+.
<ctober .?th.%fter a s$as'1 beco'es s$eec+less.
<ctober .Bth.One s$as' lastn& one +o)rG stll s$eec+less. .=t+.
(lee$s all da"1 b)t occasonall" screa's as fro' $an. Ro)ses n e2enn&
and $ersonates dfferent $eo$le. .At+1 .@t+1 ;>t+.(a'e. ;*st.R&+t +and
8rtes1 On !o2e'ber .*st at f2e o5cloc3 $recsel" s+e 8ll s8allo8 8aterG
8ll s8allo8 not+n& b)t lE)d )ntl ,ece'ber *st1 8+en s+e 8ll s8allo8
a $ece of crac3er t+e sNe of a 8afer.9
November *st to *>th./ore or less s$as's dal". Reason &rad)all"
ret)rns. /)c+ de$ressed n s$rts. **t+.(trn&s beadsG 'a3es f&)red
bead bas3et and la'$ 'atsG 8or3s onl" 8t+ t+e left +andG e2er" bead n ts
e#act $laceG 8or3s 8t+ +er e"es closed1 and t+e sa'e n t+e e2enn&
8t+o)t l&+t as n t+e da"t'e. !o2e'ber *.t+.4ell fro' bed to lo)n&e n
a s$as'. +i,IKM- 4ro' ele2en to t8el2e at n&+t sts )$ a$$arentl" aslee$
and 8rtes 8t+ +er $a$er a&anst t+e 8allG after s+e a8a3es see's to be
)nconsco)s of 8+at s+e +as 8rtten. *;t+.($as's as )s)al. In t+e
e2enn&1 8+le slee$n&1 $ersonates %)nt C+loe9G 8rtes for flo)r1 '#es
and 'a3es so'e bsc)tsG $ares an a$$le and 'a3es a $eG uses both hands
#hen aseep, #hen a#aBe has no po#er to move the right. !o2e'ber *<t+1
*?t+1 *Bt+1 *=t+1 *At+.,ar" abo)t t+e sa'e. .>t+ and .*st.,elro)s
and s$as's. Toda"1 !o2e'ber .*st1 s t+e da" s+e s to s8allo81 at f2e
o5cloc3 P./.1 8ater. % E)arter before f2e I secretl" too3 t+e str3n& 8e&+t
fro' t+e cloc3 standn& n t+e entr"G too3 t8o t)'blers of 8ater and $)t a
dro$ of 'edcne nto oneG at t+ree 'n)tes before f2e offered +er eac+
&lass s)ccess2el"G reDected bot+. %t f2e o5cloc3 a &)r&ln& so)nd 8as +eard
n +er t+roat. (+e 'otoned for t+e 8aterG $assed t+e t)'bler n 8+c+ I +ad
secretl" $)t a dro$ of 'edcneG reDected tG $assed t+e ot+erG too3 a
'o)t+f)l1 and 8t+ &reat effort s8allo8ed a $art of t1 so'e of t r)nnn& o)t
of +er 'o)t+. T+e de&l)tton 8as $erfor'ed l3e one atte'$tn& t 8t+ t+e
'o)t+ 8de o$en.
1anuary *st, *AB*.4ro' !o2e'ber .>t+ )$ to t+s t'e1 ra2n&
delr)'G $)lls +er +ar nearl" all o)t fro' t+e to$ of +er +ead. If s+e can &et
a $n1 $l)n&es t nto 8+oe2er co'es near +er. Tears +er clot+es sadl".
(8allo8s t+e bt of crac3er ,ece'ber *st1 as $redcted. The right hand
protects her against the e$t as much as possibe. (+e no8 beco'es 'ore
ratonalG tal3s a&anG frst lo)d 8ords )ttered snce !o2e'ber Bt+. Calls for
a boo3G reads 8t+ t )$sde do8n. 7an)ar" <t+.Beco'es blnd. 4ro' t+s
t'e to 4ebr)ar" *st1 constant delr)'G freE)ent s$as's.
9ebruary *st to **th.!o $artc)lar c+an&e. (8allo8s 8ater 8+en n
t+e 'a&netc slee$1 and $ersonates s)ndr" $ersonsG $ersonates a X)a3erG
s$ea3s lo)d and ra$dl"G &2es an a')sn& lect)re. 6+en t+e 'a&nets'
$asses off1 re'e'bers not+n& of t+e $astG can +ardl" s$ea3 n 8+s$ers1 and
s ')c+ $rostrated. 4ebr)ar" **t+.Ta3es and s8allo8s a lttle
no)rs+'enta fe8 teaCs$oonf)ls of 8+$s1 blancC'an&e1 &c. /ore or less
s$as's nearl" e2er" da". :nder t+e nfl)ence of 'a&nets' 8rtes $oetr"G
$ersonates dfferent $ersons1 'ostl" t+ose 8+o +a2e lon& snce $assed
a8a". 6+ene2er n t+e 'a&netc state1 8+ate2er s+e does or sa"s s not
re'e'bered 8+en s+e co'es o)t of t. Co''ences a seres of dra8n&s
8t+ +er r&+t ($aral"sed) +and1 Old (t)'$.9 %lso 8rtes $oetr" 8t+ t.
6+ate2er (t)'$9 8rtes or dra8s1 or does1 s+e a$$ears to ta3e no nterest
nG sa"s t s none of +ers1 and t+at s+e 8ants not+n& to do 8t+ (t)'$9 or
(t)'$5s.9 I +a2e sat b" +er bed and en&a&ed +er n con2ersaton1 and
dra8n +er attenton n 2aro)s 8a"s1 8+le t+e 8rtn& and dra8n& +as been
)nnterr)$ted. (+e +ad ne2er e#+bted an" taste for or ta3en an" lessons n
dra8n&.
2arch.,)rn& t+s 'ont+ s+e co'$lans ')c+ of $an n +er +ead1 n
bac3 of +ead c+efl"1 n na$e and dorsal 2ertebrF1 8+c+ s+e no8 calls +er
r&+t ar'. I 8ll +ere re'ar3 f)rt+er abo)t t+ese dra8n&s. (+e beca'e
blnd1 <t+ 7an)ar"G s stll blndG sees as 8ell 8t+ e"es closed as o$enG 3ee$s
t+e' closed ')c+ of t+e t'e. Reads and dra8s 8t+ t+e' closed. ,ra8s n
t+e dar3 as 8ell as n t+e l&+tG s clar2o"ant. (+e 8rtes se2eral $eces of
$oetr"1 c+efl" 8t+ t+e r&+t +and1 and as often n t8l&+t and e2enn&
before &as s l&+ted1 8+le t s dar3. T+e +and8rtn& dffers &reatl" n
dfferent $eces. T+e s$as's do not dffer1 et+er n for' or freE)enc"1 fro'
last 'ont+. T+e onl" re'ed" t+at +as a$$eared to afford an" relef s an'al
'a&nets'. T+e &al2anc c)rrent +as been tred 8t+o)t an" s)ccess.
+i,IKN-
Apri @th.Beco'es deafG &reat $an n +eadG s consco)s of +er
s)ffern& 'ost of t+e t'e. Co''ences bead 8or3G 'a3es t+ree bead
bas3etsG does t all 8t+ +er left +andG t+reads +er needle1 strn&s +er beads1
'a3es +er bas3etsG 8or3s al3e b" da"l&+t1 &asl&+t1 t8l&+t1 and n t+e
dar3. I +a2e sat b" +er n t+e e2enn& and 8tnessed +er 8or3. I lo8ered t+e
&as to al'ost total dar3ness1 and as3ed +er to t+read +er needle and $roceed
8t+ +er 8or31 8+c+ s+e dd at once1 not see'n& to notce t+at t+e roo'
8as dar3ened. (+e selected a s'all needle fro' +er needleboo31 st)c3 t
$er$endc)larl" nto a c)s+on l"n& b" +er1 bt off t+e end of t+e t+read1
rolled t bet8een +er t+)'b and fn&er and $assed t t+ro)&+ t+e needle5s
e"e as easl" and readl" as I 8o)ld +a2e $assed t t+ro)&+ a fn&er rn&1 and
$roceeded at once to strn& +er beadsG e"es closed.
2ay *?th.,elro)s1 'a&nn& +erself X)een %nne.Y /a" *@t+.
T+ree s$as's n t+e %./.G at . P./. a fo)rt+. -er +ead s dra8n do8n8ard
and rests )$on +er 3neesG b)t s)ddenl" +er bod" ele2ates and s+e balances
)$on +er +eadG re'ans n t+s $oston a fe8 'o'ents1 falls o2er )$on +er
r&+t sdeG +er bod" for's an arc+ 8+le s+e rests )$on t+e r&+t sde of +er
r&+t foot and )$on +er r&+t +and1 and re'ans n t+s $oston +alfCanC+o)r.
T+e s$as' $asses offG s+e sn3s do8n $rostrate1 stll delro)sG seNes a
$encl and $a$er 8t+ +er r&+t +and and 8rtes1 G2e an nDecton of Tnct.
of %conte and 8ar' 8ater.9 Ga2e tG sle$t after t se2eral +o)rs. .>t+ to
.;rd.,al" s$as's1 b)t not so se2ere. .<t+.Ra2n& delr)'G 'a&nes
+erself a do&G bar3s and &ro8ls. .Bt+.%8a3es delro)s. %t ?.;> %./. +as
a s$as' lastn& )ntl A o5cloc3. A the musces o$ the body and imbs are
rigid, e0cept those o$ right arm. 6t+ t+s +and1 b)t $artall" r&d1 s+e ta3es
a $encl and $a$er and 8rtes1 %fter so'e t'e n 7)ne %nna 8ll be able to
s8allo8 for t+e re'ander of t+e s)''er.9 ;*stI'a&nes +erself a do&G
bar3s1 &ro8ls1 +o8lsG sets do&s n t+e street to bar3n&. (ee's $leased and
'tates t+e'G la$s 8aterG so'et'es dra8s bac3 fro' tG &ro8ls and
&nas+es +er teet+G frot+s at t+e 'o)t+G atte'$ts to bteG acts as f s+e +ad
+"dro$+oba.
1une *st and .nd.-"dro$+oba and do& $ersonaton contn)ed.
($as's n 8+c+ t+e le&s ben& dra8n )nder +er1 +er +ead s dra8n do8n
)$on +er 3nees1 so'e8+at rese'bln& a ballG s+e rolls o2er and o2er fro'
left to r&+t and fro' r&+t to left1 to 8+c+ I &2e t+e na'e Rolln&
s$as's9 or AnaBuisma (re2ol2n&). **t+.Ga2e Tnct. Bell. n 8ar'
8ater. This prescription is #ritten by her right hand #hie she is deirious.
-er fn&er and toe nals beco'e 2er" dar3 $)r$le. T+ese s$as's 8t+
delr)' contn)e nearl" e2er" da" t+ro)&+ t+e 'ont+. Bell1 nDectons
a$$ear to 't&ate1 and 'a&nets' enables +er to slee$ se2eral +o)rs d)rn&
t+e n&+ts.
August.-ead dra8n o2er )$on r&+t s+o)lderG left +and closed so t+at
t cannot be forced o$en. Cannot use either hand #hie a#aBe, athough she
uses her right hand readiy #hie aseep.
<ctober.($as's 2ar"G bod" Der3s fro' sde to sdeG 'oton l3e t+e
$end)l)' of a cloc31 b)t ra$dG contn)es se2eral 'n)tes1 so'et'es
'a3n& *>>> 2bratons1 after 8+c+ s+e fants. ,ra8s $ct)resG se8sG does
bead 8or31 c+efl" 8t+ +er r&+t +and1 +er left ben& stll closed1 alt+o)&+
s+e can )se +er t+)'b1 and +el$s 8t+ t+at. T+s see's to be done n a
clar2o"ant state1 as l&+t and dar3ness are t+e sa'e to +er1 and t+e 8or3
&oes on n bot+ al3e.
November.R)$t)red a bloodC2essel n t+e l)n&sG +e'orr+a&eG s$ea3s
+i,IKO- onl" n 8+s$ers. ,ece'ber.-e'orr+a&e contn)esG stll
clar2o"antG dra8sG se8sG bead 8or3 8t+ left +and onl" 8+en a8a3e1 8t+
bot+ 8+en aslee$.
1anuary *AB..!ne 8ee3s snce s+e +as s$o3en alo)d1 t8ent"Ct8o
snce s+e +as s8allo8ed. 7an)ar" .=t+.(&+t restored. Obl&ed to +a2e t+e
roo' dar3ened beca)se t+e l&+t s $anf)l. E&+teen 'ont+s5 erratc 2son.
,)rn& t+ese 'ont+s s+e +ad read 8t+ +er e"es closed and +er boo3 )$sde
do8n. T+n3s s+e sees t+ro)&+ +er fore+ead and to$ of +er +ead. (eldo'
slee$s 8t+o)t 'a&nets'.
1une =th.Reco2ered +er 2oceG can s$ea3 lo)d.Y
September *>th.Great $an n +eadG delro)s and beats +er +ead
a&anst t+e 8all. (e$te'ber .>t+.(ttn& on t+e floorG ra2n&G 'a&nes
+erself a do&G &ro8ls1 bar3s1 and la$s 8ater. -as not sle$tG e"es crossed. P)t
+er on bedG tears clot+n&. /a&netsed +erG sle$t se2eral +o)rs.
\Dhen her deirium #as at its height, as #e as at a other times, her
right hand is rationa, as3n& and ans8ern& E)estons n 8rtn&G &2n&
drectonsG tr"n& to $re2ent +er tearn& +er clot+esG 8+en s+e $)lls o)t +er
+ar seNes and +olds +er left +and. 6+en s+e s aslee$1 carres on
con2ersaton t+e sa'eG 8rtes $oetr"G ne2er slee$sG acts t+e $art of a n)rse
as far as t canG $)lls t+e bedCclot+es o2er t+e $atent1 f t can reac+ t+e'1
8+en )nco2eredG ra$s on t+e +eadboard to a8a3en +er 'ot+er (8+o al8a"s
slee$s n t+e roo') f an"t+n& occ)rs1 as s$as's1 &c.M
1anuary *AB;.%t n&+t and d)rn& +er slee$ (t)'$9 8rtes letters1
so'e of t+e' 2er" a')sn&G 8rtes $oetr"G so'e $ct)res or&nal. 6rtes
-ast" P)ddn&19 b" Barlo81 n se2eral cantos1 8+c+ s+e +ad ne2er readG
all correctl" 8rtten1 b)t E)eerl" arran&ed1 as1 e.g., one lne belon&n& n one
canto1 8o)ld be trans$osed 8t+ a lne n anot+er canto. (+e +as no
3no8led&e of Latn or 4renc+1 "et (t)'$9 $rod)ces t+e follo8n& r+"'e
of Latn and En&ls+.
*
(t)'$9 8rtes bot+ aslee$ and a8a3e1 and t+e 8rtn& &oes on 8+le
s+e s occ)$ed 8t+ +er left +and n ot+er 'atters. %s3 +er 8+at s+e s
8rtn&1 s+e re$les1 ( a' not 8rtn&G t+at s H(t)'$I 8rtn&. I don5t 3no8
8+at +e s 8rtn&. I don5t tro)ble '"self 8t+ H(t)'$5sI don&s.9 Reads
8t+ +er boo3 )$sde do8n and so'et'es 8+en co2ered 8t+ t+e s+eet.
(t)'$9 $rod)ces t8o blls of fare n 4renc+.Y Cannot slee$ 8t+o)t ben&
'a&netsed ffteen or t8ent" 'n)tes at n&+t1 and t+en )s)all" slee$s
t8el2e to fo)rteen +o)rs.
,)rn& t+e last t8o and a +alf "ears I +a2e been obl&ed to be absent
t+ree or fo)r t'es for a 8ee3 or 'ore1 and alt+o)&+ s+e +as been attended
and 'a&netsed b" et+er '" frend ,r. C.1 or ,r. (.8+o bot+ +a2e t+e
$o8er of 'a&netsn&s+e +as lost slee$ and beco'e ra2n& craN"1 tearn&
+er +ar1 $o)ndn& +er +eadG &2n& +erself t+e na'e X)een Vctora19
X)een %nne19 /ar"1 &c.1 and calln& +er 'ot+er X)een of (+eba19
Blood" /ar"19 &c.G '"self ,r. Rane19 t+e Old Gant19 God %l'&+t"19
and so on.Y %fter &on& nto t+e 'a&netc slee$ at n&+t s+e s 2er" $atent1
$leasant1 'odest. Is $leased to see frendsG con2erses $leasantl" and
ratonall" )$on all s)bDects b)t oneG )$on t+s s+e s 'ono'anac. -er r&+t
+and and ar' s not +ers. %tte'$t to reason 8t+ +er and s+e +olds )$ +er
left ar' and sa"s1 T+s s +i,ILP- '" left ar'. I see and feel '" r&+t ar'
dra8n be+nd 'e. Yo) sa" t+s Hst)'$I s '" r&+t ar'. T+en I +a2e t+ree
ar's and +ands.9 In t+s ar' t+e ner2es of sensaton are $aral"sed1 b)t t+e
ner2es of 'oton $reser2ed. She +as no 8ll to 'o2e t. She +as no
3no8led&e of ts 'oton. This arm appears to have a separate inteigence.
Dhen she seeps it #rites or converses by signs. (t never seeps/ 8atc+es
o2er +er 8+en s+e slee$sG endea2o)rs to $re2ent +er fro' nD)rn& +erself or
+er clot+n& 8+en s+e s ra2n&. It see's to $ossess an nde$endent lfe1
and1 to so'e e#tent1 fore3no8led&e.
(3) A . % detaled record of t+e case of /ar" L)ranc" Venn)' 8as
or&nall" &2en n t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna n *A=@1 and s+ortl"
after8ards $)bls+ed n $a'$+let for' )nder t+e ttle T+e 6atse3a
6onder19 b" E. 6. (te2ens. T+e frst $art of t+e acco)nt 8+c+ I s+all &2e
+ere conssts of an abrd&'ent fro' t+e narrat2e &2en n t+e $a'$+let b"
,r. (te2ens (second edton1 C+ca&o1 Rel&oCP+loso$+cal P)bls+n&
-o)se1 *AA=)1 8t+ so'e f)rt+er state'ents b" /r. Roff. T+e second $art
conssts of so'e addtonal e2dence obtaned b" ,r. -od&son n $ersonal
nter2e8s 8t+ so'e of t+e c+ef 8tnesses1 8+c+ 8as $)bls+ed n t+e
7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna for ,ece'ber .>t+1 *A@>. Colonel 7. C.
B)nd"1 8+o 8as Edtor of t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna 8+en t+e
record 8as frst $)bls+ed1 and 8as +'self 8ell 3no8n as a s3lf)l and
scr)$)lo)sl" +onest n2est&ator of s$rtstc $+eno'ena1 s$ea3s n t+e
+&+est ter's of ,r. (te2ens (8+o ded n *AA?)1 and addsJ 6e too3 &reat
$ans before and d)rn& $)blcaton to obtan f)ll corroboraton of t+e
asto)ndn& facts fro' )n'$eac+able and co'$etent 8tnesses.9
T+e case brefl" s one of alle&ed $ossesson9 or s$rtCcontrol.9 T+e
s)bDect of t+e acco)nt1 /ar" L)ranc" Venn)'1 a &rl nearl" fo)rteen "ears
old1 l2n& at 6atse3a1 Illnos1 beca'e a$$arentl" controlled b" t+e s$rt of
/ar" Roff1 a ne&+bo)r5s da)&+ter 8+o +ad ded at t+e a&e of e&+teen "ears
and nne 'ont+s1 8+en L)ranc" Venn)' 8as a c+ld of abo)t ffteen
'ont+s old. T+e 'ost e#traordnar" feat)re n t+e case 8as t+at t+e
control9 b" /ar" Roff lasted al'ost contn)o)sl" for a $erod of nearl"
fo)r 'ont+s1 fro' 4ebr)ar" *st tll /a" .*st1 *A=A. T+e narrat2e b" ,r.
(te2ens 8as $re$ared s+ortl" after8ards 8t+ t+e assstance of t+e c+ef
8tnesses1 and confr'ed b" t+e $arents of bot+ /ar" Roff and L)ranc"
Venn)'. I &2e e#tracts fro' t1 8t+ so'e sl&+t 2erbal alteratons1 and
abrd&'ents 8+c+ are ndcated b" t+e sE)are brac3ets.
L/ar" L)ranc" Venn)'1 t+e 6atse3a 6onder19 8as born %$rl *Bt+1
*AB<1 n /lford to8ns+$1 abo)t se2en 'les fro' 6atse3a1 Illnos. T+e
fa'l" 'o2ed to Io8a n 7)l" *AB< (8+en L)ranc" 8as abo)t t+ree 'ont+s
old)1 and ret)rned to 8t+n e&+t 'les fro' 6atse3a n October *AB?
(t+ree 'ont+s after t+e deat+ of /ar" Roff). L)ranc" 8as t+en abo)t a "ear
and a +alf old. %fter t8o ot+er 'o2es n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood1 t+e fa'l"
'o2ed nto 6atse3a on %$rl *st1 *A=*M1 locatn& abo)t fort" rods fro' t+e
resdence of %. B. Roff. T+e" re'aned at t+s $lace d)rn& t+e s)''er.
T+e onl" +i,ILG- acE)antance e2er +ad bet8een t+e t8o fa'les d)rn& t+e
season 8as s'$l" one bref call of /rs. Roff1 for a fe8 'n)tes1 on /rs.
Venn)'1 8+c+ call 8as ne2er ret)rned1 and a for'al s$ea3n&
acE)antance bet8een t+e t8o &entle'en. (nce *A=* t+e Venn)' fa'l"
+a2e l2ed entrel" a8a" fro' t+e 2cnt" of /r. Roff5s1 and ne2er nearer
t+an no81 on e#tre'e o$$oste l'ts of t+e ct".
Ranc"19 as s+e s fa'larl" called1 +ad ne2er been sc31 sa2e a l&+t r)n
of 'easles n *A=;. % fe8 da"s before t+e follo8n& ncdents too3 $lace
s+e sad to +er fa'l"J T+ere 8ere $ersons n '" roo' last n&+t1 and t+e"
called HRanc"Z Ranc"ZZI and I felt t+er breat+ on '" face.9 T+e 2er" ne#t
n&+t s+e arose fro' +er bed1 sa"n& t+at s+e co)ld not slee$1 t+at e2er" t'e
s+e tred to slee$ $ersons ca'e and called Ranc"Z Ranc"ZZ9 to +er. -er
'ot+er 8ent to bed 8t+ +er1 after 8+c+ s+e rested and sle$t t+e rest of t+e
n&+t.
LOn 7)l" **t+1 *A==1 s+e +ad a sort of ft1 and 8as )nconsco)s for f2e
+o)rs. !e#t da" t+e ft rec)rred1 b)t 8+le l"n& as f dead s+e descrbed +er
sensatons to +er fa'l"1 declarn& t+at s+e co)ld see +ea2en and t+e an&els1
and a lttle brot+er and sster and ot+ers 8+o +ad ded. T+e fts or trances1
occasonall" $assn& nto ecstas"1 8+en s+e cla'ed to be n +ea2en1
occ)rred se2eral t'es a da" )$ to t+e end of 7an)ar" *A=AG s+e 8as
&enerall" bele2ed to be nsane1 and 'ost frends of t+e fa'l" )r&ed t+at
s+e s+o)ld be sent to an nsane as"l)'.
%t t+s sta&e /r. and /rs. %sa B. Roff1 8+ose da)&+ter1 /ar" Roff1 as
8e s+all see1 +ad +ad $erods of nsant"1 $ers)aded /r. Venn)' to allo8
+' to brn& ,r. E. 6. (te2ens of 7anes2lle1 6sconsn1 to n2est&ate t+e
case.M
On t+e afternoon of 7an)ar" ;*st1 *A=A1 t+e t8o &entle'en re$ared to
/r. Venn)'5s resdence1 a lttle o)t of t+e ct". ,r. (te2ens1 an entre
stran&er to t+e fa'l"1 8as ntrod)ced b" /r. Roff at fo)r o5cloc3 P./.G no
ot+er $ersons $resent b)t t+e fa'l". T+e &rl sat near t+e sto2e1 n a
co''on c+ar1 +er elbo8s on +er 3nees1 +er +ands )nder +er c+n1 feet
c)rled )$ on t+e c+ar1 e"es starn&1 loo3n& e2er" 8a" l3e an old +a&.9
(+e sat for a t'e n slence1 )ntl ,r. (te2ens 'o2ed +s c+ar1 8+en s+e
sa2a&el" 8arned +' not to co'e nearer. (+e a$$eared s)llen and crabbed1
calln& +er fat+er Old Blac3 ,c39 and +er 'ot+er Old Grann".9 (+e
ref)sed to be to)c+ed1 e2en to s+a3e +ands1 and 8as retcent and s)llen 8t+
all sa2e t+e doctor1 8t+ 8+o' s+e entered freel" nto con2ersaton1 &2n&
+er reasons for don& soG s+e sad +e 8as a s$rt)al doctor1 and 8o)ld
)nderstand +er.
L(+e descrbed +erself frst as an old 8o'an na'ed Ratrna -o&an1 and
t+en as a "o)n& 'an na'ed 6lle Cannn&1 and after so'e nsane
con2ersaton +ad anot+er ft1 8+c+ ,r. (te2ens rele2ed b" +"$notsn& +er.
(+e t+en beca'e cal'1 and sad t+at s+e +ad been controlled b" e2l s$rts.
,r. (te2ens s)&&ested t+at s+e s+o)ld tr" to +a2e a better control1 and
enco)ra&ed +er to tr" and fnd one. (+e t+en 'entoned t+e na'es of se2eral
deceased $ersons1 sa"n& t+ere 8as one 8+o 8anted to co'e1 na'ed /ar"
Roff.M
/r. Roff ben& $resent1 sadJ T+at s '" da)&+terG /ar" Roff s '"
&rl. 6+"1 s+e +as been n +ea2en t8el2e "ears. Yes1 let +er co'e1 8e5ll be
&lad to +a2e +er co'e.9 /r. Roff ass)red L)ranc" t+at /ar" 8as &ood and
ntell&ent1 and 8o)ld +el$ +er all s+e co)ldG statn& f)rt+er t+at /ar" )sed
to be s)bDect to condtons l3e +erself. L)ranc"1 after d)e delberaton and
co)nsel 8t+ s$rts1 sad t+at /ar" 8o)ld ta3e t+e $lace of t+e for'er 8ld
and )nreasonable nfl)ence. /r. Roff sad to +er1 -a2e "o)r 'ot+er brn&
"o) +i,ILH- to '" +o)se1 and /ar" 8ll be l3el" to co'e alon&1 and a
')t)al beneft 'a" be der2ed fro' o)r for'er e#$erence 8t+ /ar".9
LOn t+e follo8n& 'ornn&1 4rda"1 4ebr)ar" *st1 /r. Venn)' called at
t+e offce of /r. Roff and nfor'ed +' t+at t+e &rl cla'ed to be /ar"
Roff1 and 8anted to &o +o'e. -e sad1 (+e see's l3e a c+ld real
+o'esc31 8antn& to see +er $a and 'a and +er brot+ers.9
/ar" Roff 8as born n Indana n October *A<B. T+e fa'l"1 after
se2eral c+an&es of resdence1 ncl)dn& a 2st to Te#as n *A?=1 fnall"
'ade t+er $er'anent +o'e n 6atse3a n *A?@. /ar" +ad +ad fts
freE)entl" fro' t+e a&e of s# 'ont+s1 8+c+ &rad)all" ncreased n
2olence. (+e also +ad $erods of des$ondenc"1 n one of 8+c+1 n 7)l"
*AB<1 s+e c)t +er ar' 8t+ a 3nfe )ntl s+e fanted. 42e da"s of ra2n&
'ana follo8ed1 after 8+c+ s+e reco&nsed no one1 and see'ed to lose all
+er nat)ral senses1 b)t 8+en blndfolded co)ld read and do e2er"t+n& as f
s+e sa8. %fter a fe8 da"s s+e ret)rned to +er nor'al condton1 b)t t+e fts
beca'e stll 8orse1 and s+e ded n one of t+e' n 7)l" *AB?. -er
'"stero)s llness +ad 'ade +er notoro)s n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood d)rn& +er
lfeCt'e1 and +er alle&ed clar2o"ant $o8ers are sad to +a2e been caref)ll"
n2est&ated b" all t+e $ro'nent ctNens of 6atse3a19 ncl)dn&
ne8s$a$er edtors and cler&"'en.
It 8as n 4ebr)ar" *A=A t+at +er s)$$osed control9 of L)ranc" be&an.
T+e &rl t+en beca'e 'ld1 docle1 $olte1 and t'd1 3no8n& none of t+e
fa'l"1 b)t constantl" $leadn& to &o +o'e19 and onl" fo)nd content'ent
n &on& bac3 to +ea2en1 as s+e sad1 for s+ort 2sts.9M
%bo)t a 8ee3 after s+e too3 control of t+e bod"1 /rs. %. B. Roff and
+er da)&+ter1 /rs. /ner2a %lter1 /ar"5s sster1 +earn& of t+e re'ar3able
c+an&e1 8ent to see t+e &rl. %s t+e" ca'e n s&+t1 far do8n t+e street1
/ar"1 loo3n& o)t of t+e 8ndo81 e#cla'ed e#)ltn&l"1 T+ere co'es '"
'a and sster !er2eZ9t+e na'e b" 8+c+ /ar" )sed to call /rs. %lter n
&rl+ood. %s t+e" ca'e nto t+e +o)se s+e ca)&+t t+e' aro)nd t+er nec3s1
8e$t and cred for Do"1 and see'ed so +a$$" to 'eet t+e'. 4ro' t+s t'e
on s+e see'ed 'ore +o'esc3 t+an before. %t t'es s+e see'ed al'ost
frantc to &o +o'e.
On t+e **t+ da" of 4ebr)ar"1 *A=A1 t+e" sent t+e &rl to /r. Roff5s1
8+ere s+e 'et +er $a and 'a19 and eac+ 'e'ber of t+e fa'l"1 8t+ t+e
'ost &ratf"n& e#$ressons of lo2e and affecton1 b" 8ords and e'braces.
On ben& as3ed +o8 lon& s+e 8o)ld sta"1 s+e sad1 T+e an&els 8ll let 'e
sta" tll so'e t'e n /a"G9 and s+e 'ade t +er +o'e t+ere tll /a" .*st1
t+ree 'ont+s and ten da"s1 a +a$$"1 contented da)&+ter and sster n a
borro8ed bod".
T+e &rl no8 n +er ne8 +o'e see'ed $erfectl" +a$$" and content1
3no8n& e2er" $erson and e2er"t+n& t+at /ar" 3ne8 8+en n +er or&nal
bod"1 t8el2e to t8ent"Cf2e "ears a&o1 reco&nsn& and calln& b" na'e
t+ose 8+o 8ere frends and ne&+bo)rs of t+e fa'l" fro' *A?. to *AB?1
8+en /ar" ded1 calln& attenton to scores1 "es1 +)ndreds of ncdents t+at
trans$red d)rn& +er nat)ral lfe. ,)rn& all t+e $erod of +er soDo)rn at /r.
Roff5s s+e +ad no 3no8led&e of1 and dd not reco&nse an" of /r. Venn)'5s
fa'l"1 t+er frends or ne&+bo)rs1 "et /r. and /rs. Venn)' and t+er
c+ldren 2sted +er and /r. Roff5s $eo$le1 s+e ben& ntrod)ced to t+e' as
to an" stran&ers. %fter freE)ent 2sts1 and +earn& t+e' often and
fa2o)rabl" s$o3en of1 s+e learned to lo2e t+e' as acE)antances1 and 2sted
t+e' 8t+ /rs. Roff t+ree t'es.
One da" s+e 'et an old frend and ne&+bo)r of /r. Roff5s1 8+o 8as a
8do8 8+en /ar" 8as a &rl at +o'e. (o'e "ears snce t+e lad" 'arred a
+i,ILI- /r. 6a&oner1 8t+ 8+o' s+e "et l2es. B)t 8+en s+e 'et /rs.
6a&oner s+e clas$ed +er aro)nd t+e nec3 and sad1 O /ar" Lord1 "o) loo3
so 2er" nat)ral1 and +a2e c+an&ed t+e least of an" one I +a2e seen snce I
ca'e bac3.9 /rs. Lord 8as n so'e 8a" related to t+e Venn)' fa'l"1 and
l2ed close b" t+e'1 b)t /ar" co)ld onl" call +er b" t+e na'e b" 8+c+ s+e
3ne8 +er ffteen "ears a&o1 and co)ld not see' to realse t+at s+e 8as
'arred. /rs. Lord l2ed D)st across t+e street fro' /r. Roff5s for se2eral
"ears1 $ror and )$ to 8t+n a fe8 'ont+s of /ar"5s deat+G bot+ ben&
'e'bers of t+e sa'e /et+odst c+)rc+1 t+e" 8ere 2er" nt'ate.
(o'e da"s after /ar" 8as settled n +er ne8 +o'e /rs. Par3er1 8+o
l2ed ne&+bo)r to t+e Roffs n /ddle$ort n *A?.1 and ne#t door to t+e' n
6atse3a n *AB>1 ca'e n 8t+ +er da)&+terCnCla81 !elle Par3er. /ar"
''edatel" reco&nsed bot+ of t+e lades1 calln& /rs. Par3er %)nte
Par3er19 and t+e ot+er !elle19 as n t+e acE)antance of e&+teen "ears
a&o. In con2ersaton 8t+ /rs. Par3er /ar" as3ed1 ,o "o) re'e'ber +o8
!er2e and I )sed to co'e to "o)r +o)se and sn&W9 /rs. Par3er sa"s t+at
8as t+e frst all)son 'ade to t+at 'atter1 not+n& +a2n& been sad b" an"
one on t+at s)bDect1 and sa"s t+at /ar" and /ner2a )sed to co'e to t+er
+o)se and st and sn& /ar" +ad a lttle la'b19 &c. /rs. ,r. %lter
(/ner2a) sa"s s+e re'e'bers t 8ell. T+s 8as 8+en /r. Roff 3e$t t+e
$ostCoffce1 and co)ld not +a2e been later t+an *A?.1 and t8el2e "ears
before L)ranc" 8as born.
One e2enn&1 n t+e latter $art of /arc+1 /r. Roff 8as sttn& n t+e
roo' 8atn& for tea1 and readn& t+e $a$er1 /ar" ben& o)t n t+e "ard. -e
as3ed /rs. Roff f s+e co)ld fnd a certan 2el2et +eadCdress t+at /ar" )sed
to 8ear t+e last "ear before s+e ded. If so1 to la" t on t+e stand and sa"
not+n& abo)t t1 to see f /ar" 8o)ld reco&nse t. /rs. Roff readl" fo)nd
and lad t on t+e stand. T+e &rl soon ca'e n1 and ''edatel" e#cla'ed
as s+e a$$roac+ed t+e stand1 O+1 t+ere s '" +eadCdress I 8ore 8+en '"
+ar 8as s+ortZ9 (+e t+en as3ed1 /a1 8+ere s '" bo# of lettersW -a2e "o)
&ot t+e' "etW9 /rs. Roff re$led1 Yes1 /ar"1 I +a2e so'e of t+e'.9 (+e at
once &ot t+e bo# 8t+ 'an" letters n t. %s /ar" be&an to e#a'ne t+e'
s+e sad1 O+1 'a1 +ere s a collar I tattedZ /a1 8+" dd "o) not s+o8 to 'e
'" letters and t+n&s beforeW9 T+e collar +ad been $reser2ed a'on& t+e
relcs of t+e la'ented c+ld as one of t+e bea)tf)l t+n&s +er fn&ers +ad
8ro)&+t before L)ranc" 8as bornG and so /ar" contn)all" reco&nsed
e2er" lttle t+n& and re'e'bered e2er" lttle ncdent of +er &rl+ood.
It 8ll be re'e'bered t+at t+e fa'l" 'o2ed to Te#as n *A?=. /r. Roff
as3ed /ar" f s+e re'e'bered 'o2n& to Te#as or an"t+n& abo)t t. Yes1
$a1 and I re'e'ber crossn& Red R2er and of seen& a &reat 'an" Indans1
and I re'e'ber /rs. Reeder5s &rls1 8+o 8ere n o)r co'$an".9 %nd t+)s
s+e fro' t'e to t'e 'ade frst 'enton of t+n&s t+at trans$red t+rteen to
t8ent"Cf2e "ears a&o.
LOccasonall" s+e 8o)ld &o nto trance1 and t+e control1 /ar" Roff1
descrbed t+s as &on& to +ea2en1 and seen& t+e bea)tf)l t+n&s t+ere and
tal3n& 8t+ t+e an&els1 and so'et'es d)rn& t+e trance ot+er s$rts 8o)ld
$resent t+e'sel2es and s$ea3 freel" t+er o8n lan&)a&e and sent'ents.M
On /a" =t+ /ar" called /rs. Roff to a $r2ate roo'1 and t+ere n tears
told +er t+at L)ranc" Venn)' 8as co'n& bac3. (+e see'ed 2er" sad1 and
sad s+e co)ld not tell 8+et+er s+e 8as co'n& to sta" or notG t+at f s+e
t+o)&+t s+e 8as co'n& to sta"1 s+e 8o)ld 8ant to see !er2e and ,r. %lter
and %lle1 and bd t+e' &oodCb"e. (+e sat do8n1 closed +er e"es1 and n a
fe8 +i,ILJ- 'o'ents t+e c+an&e too3 $lace1 and L)ranc" +ad control of +er
o8n bod". Loo3n& 8ldl" aro)nd t+e roo'1 s+e an#o)sl" as3ed1 6+ere
a' IW I 8as ne2er +ere before.9
/rs. Roff re$led1 Yo) are at /r. Roff5s1 bro)&+t +ere b" /ar" to c)re
"o)r bod".9
(+e cred and sad1 I 8ant to &o +o'e.9
/rs. Roff as3ed +er f s+e co)ld sta" tll +er fol3s 8ere sent for. (+e
sad1 !o.9
(+e 8as t+en as3ed f s+e felt an" $an n +er breast. (T+s 8as d)rn&
t+e $erod t+at /ar" 8as s)ffern& $an n t+e left breastG contn)all"
+oldn& +er +and1 $ressn& t.) (+e re$led1 !o1 b)t /ar" dd.9
In abo)t f2e 'n)tes t+e c+an&e 8as a&an 'ade1 and /ar" ca'e
o2erDo"ed to fnd +erself $er'tted to ret)rn1 and called1 as s+e often +ad1
for t+e sn&n& of +er $re2o)s &rl+ood5s fa2o)rte son&1 6e are Co'n&1
(ster /ar".9
In con2ersaton 8t+ t+e 8rter abo)t +er for'er lfe1 s+e s$o3e of
c)ttn& +er ar' as +erenbefore stated1 and as3ed f +e e2er sa8 8+ere s+e
dd t. On rece2n& a ne&at2e ans8er1 s+e $roceeded to sl$ )$ +er slee2e
as f to e#+bt t+e scar1 b)t s)ddenl" arrested t+e 'o2e'ent1 as f b" a
s)dden t+o)&+t1 and E)c3l" sad1 O+1 t+s s not t+e ar'G t+at one s n t+e
&ro)nd19 and $roceeded to tell 8+ere t 8as b)red1 and +o8 s+e sa8 t
done1 and 8+o stood aro)nd1 +o8 t+e" felt1 &c.1 b)t s+e dd not feel bad. I
+eard +er tell /r. Roff and t+e frends $resent1 +o8 s+e 8rote to +' a
'essa&e so'e "ears a&o t+ro)&+ t+e +and of a 'ed)'1 &2n& na'e1 t'e1
and $lace. %lso of ra$$n& and of s$elln& o)t a 'essa&e b" anot+er
'ed)'1 &2n& t'e1 na'e1 $lace1 &c.1 &c.1 8+c+ t+e $arents ad'tted to
be all tr)e. I +eard +er relate a stor" of +er &on& nto t+e co)ntr" 8t+ t+e
'en1 so'e t8ent" odd "ears a&o1 after a load of +a"1 na'n& ncdents t+at
occ)rred on t+e road1 8+c+ t8o of t+e &entle'en dstnctl" re'e'bered.
4or t+e dsco2er" of facts )n3no8n to ot+ers1 /ar" see'ed re'ar3abl"
de2elo$ed. One afternoon s+e1 8t+ ')c+ concern and &reat an#et"1
declared t+at +er brot+er 4ran3 ')st be caref)ll" 8atc+ed t+e co'n& n&+t1
for +e 8o)ld be ta3en 2er" sc31 and 8o)ld de f not $ro$erl" cared for. %t
t+e t'e of t+s anno)nce'ent +e 8as n +s )s)al +ealt+1 and en&a&ed 8t+
t+e Roff Bros.5 band of ')sc )$ to8n. T+e sa'e e2enn& ,r. (te2ens +ad
been n to see t+e fa'l"1 and on lea2n& 8as to &o drectl" to /rs. -a83s1
far off n t+e Old To8n1 and t+e fa'l" so )nderstood t. B)t at abo)t nne
and a +alf o5cloc3 t+e sa'e e2enn& ,r. (te2ens ret)rned )nanno)nced to
/r. /ars+5s1 /r. Roff5s ne#t ne&+bo)r1 for t+e n&+t. %t t8o o5cloc3 n t+e
'ornn& 4ran3 8as attac3ed 8t+ so'et+n& l3e a s$as' and con&est2e
c+ll1 8+c+ al'ost destro"ed +s consco)sness. /ar" at once sa8 t+e
st)aton as $redcted1 and sad1 (end to /rs. /ars+5s for ,r. (te2ens.9
!o1 ,r. (te2ens s at Old To8n19 sad t+e fa'l". !o19 sad /ar"1 +e s
at /r. /ars+5sG &o E)c3 for +'1 $a.9 /r. Roff called1 and t+e doctor1 as
/ar" sad1 8as at /r. /ars+5s. On +s arr2al at t+e sc3 bed /ar" +ad
entre control of t+e case. (+e +ad 'ade /rs. Roff st do8n1 +ad $ro2ded
+ot 8ater and clot+s and ot+er necessares1 and 8as don& all t+at co)ld be
done for 4ran3. T+e doctor seconded +er efforts1 and allo8ed +er to
contn)e. (+e sa2ed +er brot+er1 b)t ne2er 'ade a 'o2e after t+e doctor5s
arr2al1 8t+o)t +s coo$eraton or ad2ce.
/ar" often s$o3e of seen& t+e c+ldren of ,r. (te2ens n +ea2en1 8+o
+i,ILK- 8ere abo)t +er a&e and of lon&er resdence t+ere t+an +erself. (+e
sad s+e 8as 8t+ t+e' ')c+1 and 8ent to +s +o'e 8t+ +'. (+e correctl"
descrbed +s +o'e1 t+e roo's and f)rnt)re1 &a2e t+e na'es and a&es of +s
c+ldren.
,)rn& +er sta" at /r. Roff5s +er $+"scal condton contn)all"
'$ro2ed1 ben& )nder t+e care and treat'ent of +er s)$$osed $arents and
t+e ad2ce and +el$ of +er $+"scan. (+e 8as e2er obedent to t+e
&o2ern'ent and r)les of t+e fa'l"1 l3e a caref)l and 8se c+ld1 al8a"s
3ee$n& n t+e co'$an" of so'e of t+e fa'l"1 )nless to &o n to t+e nearest
ne&+bo)rs across t+e street. (+e 8as often n2ted and 8ent 8t+ /rs. Roff
to 2st t+e frst fa'les of t+e ct"1 8+o soon beca'e satsfed t+at t+e &rl
8as not craN"1 b)t a fne1 8ellC'annered c+ld.
%s t+e t'e dre8 near for t+e restoraton of L)ranc" to +er $arents and
+o'e1 /ar" 8o)ld so'et'es see' to recede nto t+e 'e'or" and 'anner
of L)ranc" for a lttle t'e1 "et not eno)&+ to lose +er dentt" or $er't t+e
'anfestaton of L)ranc"5s 'nd1 b)t eno)&+ to s+o8 s+e 8as '$ressn&
+er $resence )$on +er o8n bod".
LOn /a" *@t+1 n t+e $resence of -enr" Venn)'1 L)ranc"5s brot+er1
/ar" left control for a t'e1 and L)ranc" too3 f)ll $ossesson of +er o8n
bod"19 reco&nsn& -enr" as +er brot+er. T+e c+an&e of control occ)rred
a&an 8+en /rs. Venn)' ca'e to see +er t+e sa'e da".M
On t+e 'ornn& of /a" .*st /r. Roff 8rtes as follo8sJ
/ar" s to lea2e t+e bod" of Ranc" toda"1 abo)t ele2en o5cloc31 so s+e
sa"s. (+e s bddn& ne&+bo)rs and frends &oodCb"e. Ranc" to ret)rn +o'e
all r&+t toda". /ar" ca'e fro' +er roo' )$stars1 8+ere s+e 8as slee$n&
8t+ Lotte1 at ten o5cloc3 last n&+t1 la" do8n b" )s1 +)&&ed and 3ssed )s1
and cred beca)se s+e ')st bd )s &oodCb"e1 telln& )s to &2e all +er
$ct)res1 'arbles1 and cards1 and t8ent"Cf2e cents /rs. Venn)' +ad &2en
+er to Ranc"1 and +ad )s $ro'se to 2st Ranc" often.9
L/ar" arran&ed t+at +er sster1 /rs. %lter1 s+o)ld co'e to t+e +o)se to
sa" &oodCb"e to +er1 and t+at 8+en L)ranc" ca'e at ele2en o5cloc3 s+e
s+o)ld ta3e +er to /r. Roff5s offce1 and +e 8o)ld &o to /r. Venn)'5s 8t+
+er. T+ere 8as so'e alternaton of t+e control on t+e 8a"1 b)t t+e fnal
ret)rn of t+e nor'al L)ranc" Venn)' too3 $lace before t+e" reac+ed /r.
Roff5s offce1 and on arr2n& at +er o8n +o'e s+e reco&nsed all t+e
'e'bers of +er o8n fa'l" as s)c+1 and 8as $erfectl" 8ell and +a$$" n
+er o8n s)rro)ndn&s. % fe8 da"s later1 on 'eetn& ,r. (te2ens1 )nder
8+ose care s+e +ad been at /r. Roff5s +o)se1 s+e +ad to be ntrod)ced to
+' as an entre stran&er1 and treated +' as s)c+. T+e ne#t da" s+e ca'e to
+' s$ontaneo)sl"1 sa"n& /ar" Roff +ad told +er to co'e and 'eet +'1
and +ad 'ade +er feel +e +ad been a 2er" 3nd frend to +er1 and s+e &a2e
+' a lon& 'essa&e $)r$ortn& to be fro' /ar".
% letter fro' /r. Roff1 dated ,ece'ber <t+1 *AAB1 $)bls+ed n t+e
7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna, states t+at L)ranc" Venn)' contn)ed to
l2e 8t+ +er $arents )ntl 7an)ar" *st1 *AA.1 8+en s+e 'arred a far'er1
Geor&e Bnnn&. T+e Roffs sa8 +er often bot+ before and after +er
'arra&e1 )ntl s+e 'o2ed f)rt+er 8est n *AA<1 and t+en19 /r. Roff sa"s1
/ar" 8o)ld ta3e control of L)ranc" D)st as s+e dd d)rn& t+e t'e s+e 8as
at o)r +o)se n *A=A.Y %sde fro' t+s1 s+e +ad lttle o$$ort)nt" of )sn&
+er 'ed)'s+$1 +er $arents ben& afrad to con2erse 8t+ +er on t+e s)bDect
lest t s+o)ld ca)se a ret)rn of t+e Hs$ellsI (as t+e" called t+e')1Yand +er
+)sband ne2er +a2n& 'ade +i,ILL- +'self acE)anted 8t+ s$rt)als'.Y
L)ranc" +as 8+at '&+t be called1 $er+a$s1 a re'e'brance of +er old
e#$erence 8+le controlled b" t+e s$rt. (+e al8a"s s$ea3s of t t+)sJ
H/ar" told 'e1I or H/ar" 'ade 'e acE)anted1I &c. (+e beca'e acE)anted
8t+ se2eral $ersons 8+le /ar" controlled +er1Yand 8+en t+e control left
+er1 s+e contn)ed t+e acE)antance t+)s for'ed.Y (+e +as ne2er +ad an"
occason for a $+"scan snce s+e left )s1 ne2er +a2n& been sc3 snce
t+en.9 /r. Roff also stated t+at at t+e brt+ of +er frst c+ld s+e beca'e
entranced1 and dd not reco2er consco)sness tll after t+e c+ld 8as born.M
,r. -od&son 2sted 6atse3a on %$rl *.t+1 *A@>1 and crossCe#a'ned
t+e $rnc$al 8tnesses of t+e case 8+o 8ere stll l2n& n t+e
ne&+bo)r+ood1 ncl)dn& /r. and /rs. Roff1 /rs. /ner2a %lter (t+er
da)&+ter)1 /rs. Robert ,o"le1 /rs. Ra"1 /rs. /ars+1 /rs. 6a&ner1 and
/rs. T. Venn)'1 a dstant co)sn of L)ranc"5s. T+e e2dence obtaned fro'
t+e' 8as $)bls+ed b" ,r. -od&son n t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna
for ,ece'ber .>t+1 *A@>1 fro' 8+c+ I E)ote e#tracts as follo8sJ
/r. Roff stated t+at 8+en L)ranc" Venn)' frst arr2ed at +s +o)se s+e
loo3ed aro)nd and sad1 6+ere5s !er2eW9t+e na'e b" 8+c+ /ar" Roff
+ad been acc)sto'ed to call +er sster /ner2a1 no81 and at t+e t'e of
L)ranc" Venn)'5s e#$erence1 /rs. /ner2a %lter.
/rs. Roff stated t+at L)ranc" Venn)' +ad ne2er been n +er +o)se )ntl
s+e ca'e t+ere as /ar" Roff. %fter loo3n& ro)nd t+e +o)se s+e sad1 6+"1
t+ere5s o)r old $ano1 and t+ere5s t+e sa'e old $ano co2er.9 T+s $ano and
co2er +ad been fa'lar to /ar" Roff n anot+er +o)se1 8+ere /ar" Roff
ded. L)ranc" referred to so'e $ec)lar ncdents n /ar" Roff5s lfe al'ost
e2er" da"1 and s+e s$o3e once n detal abo)t +er sta" at a 8aterCc)re $lace
n Peora 8+ere /ar" Roff +ad been. /rs. Roff once sad to +er1 /ar"1 do
"o) re'e'ber 8+en t+e sto2e $$e fell do8n and 4ran3 8as b)rnedW9
Yes.9 ,o "o) 3no8 8+ere +e 8as b)rnedW9 YesG I5ll s+o8 "o)19 and s+e
s+o8ed t+e e#act s$ot on t+e ar' 8+ere 4ran3 8as b)rned. /rs. /ner2a
%lter sad t+at t+e 'anners's and be+a2o)r of L)ranc" 8+en )nder t+e
control rese'bled t+ose of +er sster /ar". L)ranc" Venn)' 3ne8 /rs.
%lter $re2o)sl" as /rs. %lter1 +a2n& 'et +er at t+e sc+ool1 &c.1 b)t 8+en
)nder t+e control of /ar" s+e e'braced /rs. %lter affectonatel" and called
+er !er2e9a na'e b" 8+c+ /rs. %lter +ad not been called for 'an"
"ears1 b)t 8+c+ 8as /ar"5s s$ecal $et na'e for +er. In later "ears s+e +ad
been co''onl" called /nne b" +er nt'ate frends. L)ranc"1 as /ar"
Roff1 sta"ed at /rs. %lter5s +o'e for so'e t'e1 and al'ost e2er" +o)r of
t+e da" so'e trfln& ncdent of /ar" Roff5s lfe 8as recalled b" L)ranc".
One 'ornn& s+e sad1 R&+t o2er t+ere b" t+e c)rrant b)s+es s 8+ere
%lle &reased t+e c+c3en5s e"e.9 %lle 8as a co)sn of /ar" Roff1 and l2ed
n Peora1 Ill. (+e 2sted t+e Roffs n t+e lfet'e of /ar"1 8t+ 8+o' s+e
$la"ed. T+s ncdent +a$$ened se2eral "ears before t+e deat+ of /ar" Roff.
/rs. %lter re'e'bered t 2er" 8ell1 and recalled t+er brn&n& t+e c+c3en
nto t+e +o)se for treat'ent. L)ranc" n +er ordnar" state +ad ne2er 'et
%lle1 8+o s no8 /rs. -1 l2n& n Peora1 Ill. One 'ornn& /rs. %lter
as3ed +er f s+e re'e'bered t+e old do& (a do& 8+c+ ded d)rn& t+e
lfet'e +i,ILM- of /ar" Roff). L)ranc" re$led1 YesG +e ded D)st t+ere19
and s+e $onted o)t t+e e#act s$ot 8+ere t+e do& +ad breat+ed +s last.
/rs. Robert ,o"le stated t+at s+e called )$on L)ranc" Venn)' before
s+e 8as re'o2ed to t+e +o)se of /r. Roff. (+e sad1 6+at5s t+e 'atter1
L)ranc"W9
L.V.T+at5s not '" na'e. Yo) 3ne8 'e 8+en I 8as a lttle &rl. Yo)
3no8 8ell eno)&+ 8+at '" na'e s. It s /ar" Roff. Yo)r +)sband5s n
$artners+$ 8t+ '" fat+er1 and "o) +a2e a bab" na'ed for '" sster
/ner2a.9
/r. ,o"le 8as a $artner of /r. Roff n *AB;1 and 8as n $artners+$
8t+ +' 8+en /ar" Roff ded. T+e $artners+$ 8as dssol2ed abo)t s#
"ears later1 8+en L)ranc" Venn)' 8as s# or se2en "ears old. /rs. ,o"le
+ad a da)&+ter na'ed /ner2a after /ar" Roff5s sster1 8+o 8as a bab" at
t+e t'e of t+e deat+ of /ar" Roff.
6+en L)ranc" 8as ben& ta3en to /r. Roff5s +o)se s+e tred to &et to
anot+er +o)se on t+e 8a"1 nsstn& t+at t 8as +er +o'e. T+e" +ad to ta3e
+er $ast t al'ost forcbl". T+s +o)se 8as t+e +o)se 8+ere /r. Roff 8as
l2n& at t+e t'e of /ar" Roff5s deat+1 and 8as also t+e +o)se n 8+c+
/ar" Roff ded. T+e" s+ortl" after8ards 'o2ed to anot+er +o)se1 to 8+c+
L)ranc" 8as ben& ta3en.
/rs. 6a&ner stated t+at s+e 3ne8 L)ranc" Venn)' 2er" 8ell bot+
before1 and d)rn&1 and after t+e re'ar3able crc)'stances of +er
connecton 8t+ /ar" Roff. 6+en /ar" Roff ded /rs. 6a&ner5s na'e 8as
/rs. Lord1 and /ar" Roff +ad been n +er class at ()nda" (c+ool. (+e +ad
3no8n /ar" Roff for se2eral "ears before +er deat+snce t+e "ear *AB*.
/ar" Roff ded n *AB?1 and /rs. Lord 'arred a second t'e n *ABB.
6+en s+e called )$on t+e Roffs after L)ranc" +ad &one t+ere s+e 8as
&reeted 2er" affectonatel" b" L)ranc" as /rs. Lord. (+e 'ade nE)res1
and ascertaned t+at none of t+e fa'l" +ad 'entoned t+at s+e 8as &on& to
t+e +o)se. /rs. 6a&ner sad t+at t+ro)&+o)t t+e t'e d)rn& 8+c+ L)ranc"
$)r$orted to be /ar" Roff s+e n2arabl" called +er /rs. Lord1 and t+at
after L)ranc" Venn)'5s ret)rn to +er ordnar" state s+e n2arabl" called +er
/rs. 6a&ner.
One crc)'stance 8+c+ I ascertaned see'ed at frst s&+t to 8ea3en1
b)t on f)rt+er consderaton1 to stren&t+en t+e e2dence n fa2o)r of t+e
s$rtstc nter$retaton. /rs. Ra" stated t+at s+e 3ne8 L)ranc" Venn)'
and also /ar" Roff1 b)t t+at L)ranc" as /ar" Roff dd not 3no8 +er. It
a$$eared1 +o8e2er1 t+at /ar" Roff +ad not seen /rs. Ra" for t8o "ears
before +er deat+. /rs. Ra" +ad l2ed n t+e state of 6sconsn for t8o "ears1
ret)rnn& to 6atse3a n %)&)st1 *AB?1 t+e 'ont+ after /ar" Roff5s deat+1
and /rs. Ra" t+o)&+t s+e +ad c+an&ed n a$$earance so'e8+at d)rn& t+e
ffteen "ears 8+c+ +ad ela$sed bet8een t+e t'e of +er seen& /ar" Roff
and t+at of seen& L)ranc" )nder t+e control.
,r. -od&son tred n 2an to &et so'e drect state'ents fro' /rs.
Geor&e Bnnn& (for'erl" L)ranc" Venn)')1 b)t rece2ed no ans8er to +s
nE)res. -e 8rtesJ
I +a2e no do)bt t+at t+e ncdents occ)rred s)bstantall" as descrbed n
t+e narrat2e b" ,r. (te2ens1 and n '" 2e8 t+e onl" ot+er nter$retaton of
t+e casebesdes t+e s$rtstct+at see's at all $la)sble s t+at 8+c+
+as been $)t for8ard as t+e alternat2e to t+e s$rtstc t+eor" to acco)nt for
t+e +i,ILN- tranceCco'')ncatons of /rs. P$er and s'lar cases1 2N.1
secondar" $ersonalt" 8t+ s)$ernor'al $o8ers. It 8o)ld be dffc)lt to
ds$ro2e t+s +"$ot+ess n t+e case of t+e 6atse3a 6onder1 o8n& to t+e
co'$arat2e 'ea&reness of t+e record and t+e $robable ab)ndance of
s)&&eston9 n t+e en2ron'ent1 and an" concl)son t+at 8e 'a" reac+
8o)ld $robabl" be deter'ned lar&el" b" o)r con2ctons concernn& ot+er
cases. /" $ersonal o$non s t+at t+e 6atse3a 6onder9 case belon&s n
t+e 'an 'anfestatons to t+e s$rtstc cate&or".
+i,ILO-
APPENDICES
TO
CHAPTER IV
+0* A . In ll)straton of t+e occasonal +e&+tenn& of t+e sensor"
fac)ltes n drea's1 I &2e t+e follo8n& case1 descrbed b" ,r. -od&sonJ
1uy ;>th1 *@>>.
One of t+e 'ost 22d e#$erences n '" lfe occ)rred 8+en I 8as
e&+teen or nneteen "ears old. It 8as a drea'9 of ')sc n slee$ 8+c+
contn)ed to be a)dble after I 8o3e for at least a E)arter of an +o)r. (o t
a$$ears n 'e'or" no8. I see'ed to be 8ell a8are at t+e t'e t+at I 8as
lstenn& to ')sc fro' t+e ot+er 8orld.9 !o s$ecal 'elod" or +ar'on"
re'aned n recollecton1 b)t t+e ')sc 8as 2er" co'$le#1 2er" 8des$read
as t 8ere1 2er" rc+1 2er" s8eet1 and 8t+ an neffable one,ness abo)t t. I
a8o3e d)rn& t+e nfl)ence of t1 and la" n ecstas" stll +earn& t1 and
re'e'ber &aNn& 'ean8+le at a star 8+c+ 8as 2sble t+ro)&+ a &a$ n
'" 8ndo8Cblnd. It 8as D)st before da8n1 and t+e ')sc see'ed to de
a8a" as t+e frst l&+t &re8. !o $leas)re t+at I +a2e e2er +ad n +earn&
')sc before or snce 8as at all co'$arable 8t+ t+e e#E)ste $eacef)l Do"
8+c+ flooded 'e as I lstened to t+at ')sc t+en. It $rod)ced s)c+ an effect
)$on 'e t+at I be&an to learn t+e 2oln1 8+c+ I $ractsed re&)larl" for fo)r
"ears.
R. -O,G(O!.
+09 A . T+e t8o ne#t cases are ll)strat2e of selfCs)&&eston n drea's.
I E)ote t+e frst fro' a $a$er b" ,r. 4a)re n t+e Archives de 2;decine, 2ol.
.1 *A=B1 $. ??<.
% s+o$ assstant1 stron&l" b)lt and re&)lar n +abts1 a8o3e one
'ornn& n a state of fe2er and a&taton1 $ers$rn& co$o)sl"1 an#o)s and
)neas". -e anno)nced t+at all +s sa2n&s 8ere &oneG +e 8as r)ned1 done
for. -e sad t+at on t+e $re2o)s da"1 8+le dr2n& a 2an1 +e +ad &ot nto a
E)arrel 8t+ a coac+'anG and t+at1 n t+e conf)son1 +s 2an +ad bro3en n
t+e front 8ndo8 of a 'rrorC'a3er. -e 8o)ld +a2e to $a" for t+e da'a&e.
-e told t+e stor" 8t+ &reat detalG and stll sa8 +'self ca)&+t ro)nd t+e
nec3 b" +s ad2ersar"1 8+o +ad str)c3 +' so 2olentl" t+at +e +ad lost
consco)sness1 and t+at t+e" +ad +ad to carr" +' nto a 8neC'erc+ant5s
s+o$ to brn& +' to. -s 8fe ass)red )s t+at 8+en +e +ad ret)rned +o'e
t+e e2enn& before +e 8as n +s )s)al condtonG t+at +e +ad seen to +s
b)sness1 $assed t+e e2enn& at +o'e1 and &one to bed 8t+ no tro)ble )$on
+'.
4or t+ree da"s 0 contn)ed n t+s state of 'nd1 )nable to cal' +'self
for a 'o'ent1 alt+o)&+ +e 8as ta3en to t+e act)al $lace 8+ere t+e
'a&nar" accdent +ad occ)rred. It 8as so'e da"s later before +e
t+oro)&+l" )nderstood t+at t +ad been a drea'. %nd for a 8+ole 'ont+ +e
8o)ld fall dal" nto t+e +i,IMP- sa'e conf)son of 'e'or"8o)ld st
do8n n des$ar1 cr"n& and re$eatn& 6e are r)nedZ9 E2en se2en "ears
after8ards +e stll +ad occasonal crses of t+s nat)re1 8+en +e for&ot t+e
tr)t+1 and l2ed for se2eral da"s )nder t+e s+oc3 of t+s 'a&nar" dsaster.
6e 'a" co'$are 8t+ t+s t+e ne#t case1 8+ere t+e to)c+ of a 2ans+ed
+and9 a$$eared to brn& $+"scal relef to t+e drea'ert+e reco2er" ben&
'ore ra$d t+an ordnar" condtons co)ld e#$lan.
+09 B . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;=<. T+e acco)nt s &2en
b" /. L. -olbroo31 /.,.1 Edtor of t+e 'erad o$ 'eath, *; and *? La&+t
(treet1 !e8 Yor31 and s dated 7)l" ;>1 *AA<.
In t+e s$rn& of *A=>1 I +ad an attac3 of ac)te bronc+ts1 8+c+ 8as
2er" se2ere1 and fro' t+e fact t+at I +ad +ad a s'lar attac3 e2er" 8nter
and s$rn& for se2eral "ears1 I felt consderable alar'1 and bele2ed t 8o)ld
)lt'atel" beco'e c+ronc1 and $er+a$s ter'nate '" lfe. %s I 8as t+en
"o)n&1 and +ad D)st entered on a career of labo)r 8+c+ I 8s+ed to follo8
for a lon& t'e1 I beca'e 2er" des$ondent at s)c+ a $ros$ect. In t+s
de$ressed condton I fell nto a slee$ 8+c+ 8as not 2er" $rofo)nd1 and t+e
follo8n& crc)'stance1 8+c+ s stll fres+ n '" 'nd1 a$$eared to ta3e
$lace. /" sster1 8+o +ad been dead 'ore t+an t8ent" "ears1 and 8+o' I
+ad al'ost for&otten1 ca'e to '" bedsde1 and sad ,o not 8orr" abo)t
"o)r +ealt+1 8e +a2e co'e to c)re "o)G t+ere s ')c+ "et for "o) to do n
t+e 8orld.9 T+en s+e 2ans+ed1 and '" bran see'ed to be electrfed as f
b" a s+oc3 fro' a batter"1 onl" t 8as not $anf)l1 b)t delco)s. T+e s+oc3
s$read do8n8ards1 and o2er t+e c+est and l)n&s t 8as 2er" stron&. 4ro'
+ere t e#tended to t+e e#tre'tes1 8+ere t a$$eared l3e a del&+tf)l &lo8.
I a8o3e al'ost ''edatel" and fo)nd '"self 8ell. (nce t+en I +a2e ne2er
+ad an attac3 of t+e dsease. T+e for' of '" sster 8as ndstnct1 b)t t+e
2oce 8as 2er" $lanG and I +a2e ne2er before +ad s)c+ an e#$erence1 nor
snce.
/. L. -OLBROOR1 /.,.
Co'$are t+s a&an 8t+ ,r. TssU5s acco)nt of +s +"stercal s)bDect1
%lbert. E2er" t'e19 sad %lbert1 t+at I drea' t+at I +a2e been btten or
beaten1 I s)ffer all da" n t+e $art attac3ed.9
*
+1, A . T+e follo8n& s a case of a lost obDect1 8+ere 8a3n& effort
soon after t+e loss fals to recall an" s)$ral'nal 3no8led&e of t+e $lace of
de$ost. T+e acco)nt s E)oted fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *<.
(October *AA@).
9ebruary <th, *AA@.
On reac+n& /orle"5s -otel1 at f2e o5cloc3 on T)esda"1 .@t+ 7an)ar"
*AA@1 I 'ssed a &old brooc+1 8+c+ I s)$$osed I +ad left n a fttn&Croo'
at (8an and Ed&ar5s. I sent t+ere at once1 b)t 8as 2er" dsa$$onted to +ear
t+at after a dl&ent searc+ t+e" co)ld not fnd t+e brooc+. I 8as 2er" 2e#ed1
and 8orred abo)t t+e brooc+1 and t+at n&+t drea'ed t+at I s+o)ld fnd t
s+)t )$ n a n)'ber of t+e ?ueen ne8s$a$er t+at +ad been on t+e table1 and
n '" drea' I sa8 t+e 2er" $a&e 8+ere t 8o)ld be. I +ad notced one of t+e
$lates on t+at $a&e. ,rectl" after brea3fast I 8ent to (8an & Ed&ar5s and
as3ed to see t+e $a$ers1 at t+e sa'e t'e telln& t+e "o)n& lades abo)t t+e
drea'1 and 8+ere I +ad seen t+e brooc+. T+e $a$ers +ad been 'o2ed fro'
t+at roo'1 b)t 8ere +i,IMG- fo)nd1 and1 to t+e astons+'ent of t+e "o)n&
lades1 I sad1 T+s s t+e one t+at contans '" brooc+G9 and t+ere1 at t+e
2er" $a&e I e#$ected1 I fo)nd t.
%. /. BICR4OR,C(/IT-.
6e rece2ed a s)bstantall" s'lar acco)nt fro' /rs. Bc3fordC('t+5s
brot+erCnCla81 /r. -. %. ('t+1 8+o 8as a 8tness of t+e tro)ble ta3en to
fnd t+e brooc+1 bot+ at t+e +otel1 and b" sendn& to (8an & Ed&ar5s1 on t+e
$re2o)s e2enn&.
Yet +ere1 be t obser2ed1 /rs. Bc3fordC('t+ +ad not +ad an
o$$ort)nt" of +erself ns$ectn& t+e scene of t+e loss. -ad s+e ret)rned to
(8an & Ed&ar5s before t+e drea'1 t s $ossble t+at t+e s&+t of t+e boo3s
on t+e table '&+t +a2e re22ed so'e recollecton of seen& t+e brooc+
bet8een t+e lea2es of t+e ?ueen.
+1, B . T+e ne#t case 8as &2en n t+e &roceedings of t+e %'ercan
(.P.R. (2ol. . !o. <1 $. ;B;) on t+e a)t+ort" of Professor Ro"ce of -ar2ard.
T+e narrator 8as Colonel %. 2. (. of Te#as (8+ose f)ll na'e 8as 3no8n to
Professor Ro"ce). T+s case s 'ore co'$lcated t+an t+at last &2en1
nas')c+ as t+e 'ssn& artcle 8as a$$arentl" re2ealed to t+e $erc$ent b"
+er dead brot+er n a drea'and re2ealed n a $lace 8+ere t +ad been
$re2o)sl" loo3ed for n 2an. T+e ort+odo#9 e#$lanaton1 +o8e2er1 8o)ld
be t+at t+e $oston of t+e 3nfe 8as frst $erce2ed b" t+e s)bl'nal self1
8+c+ onl" s)cceeded n nfor'n& t+e s)$ral'nal self t+ro)&+ a dra'atc
drea'.
In t+e Ne# YorB 'erad of ,ece'ber **t+ nst I +a2e notced "o)r
nter2e81 n 8+c+ "o) sa" t+at "o) reE)est an" $erson +a2n& so'e
)n)s)al e#$erence1 s)c+ as an e#ce$tonall" 22d drea'1 &c. &c.1 s+o)ld
address "o). T+e follo8n& see's to 'e a 2er" e#traordnar" drea'1 for t+e
tr)t+ of 8+c+ I $led&e "o) '" 8ord of +ono)r.
%bo)t f2e "ears a&o I l2ed 8t+ '" fo)r c+ldren1 one bo" and t+ree
&rls1 on a far' n /assac+)setts. T+s onl" son1 at t+e a&e of abo)t fo)rteen
"ears1 lost +s lfe n an accdent1 abo)t s# 'ont+s $re2o)s to t+s
narraton. T+e "o)n&est of t+e &rls 8as t+e $et sster of +s snce +er brt+.
/" 8fe +ad ded so'e s# "ears $re2o)s to t+s stor"G ben& 'ot+erless1
'ade t+ese c+ldren )n)s)all" affectonate to8ards eac+ ot+er. One da" I
+ad occason to b)" for '" &rls eac+ a 2er" s'all lad"5s 3nfe1 abo)t t8o
and a +alf nc+es lon&. % fe8 da"s after8ards t+e &rls rece2ed co'$an"
fro' o)r ne&+bo)rs5 &rls1 so'e f2e or s# of t+e'. /" "o)n&est one1
so'e e&+t or nne "ears old1 8as so del&+ted 8t+ t+s1 +er frst 3nfe1 t+at
s+e carred t 8t+ +er at all t'es. ,)rn& t+e afternoon t+e c+ldren strolled
to t+e lar&e barn1 flled 8t+ +a"1 and at once set to cl'bn& t+e 'o8 to
$la"1 and D)'$n& on t+e +a". ,)rn& t+e e#cte'ent of t+e $la" '" lttle
&rl lost +er 3nfe. T+s terrble loss nearl" bro3e +er +eart1 and all +ands set
to 8or3 to fnd t+e lost treas)re1 b)t 8t+o)t s)ccess. T+s fnall" bro3e )$
t+e $art" n &loo'ness. In s$te of '" &reatest efforts to $acf" t+e c+ld
8t+ all sorts of $ro'ses1 s+e 8ent to bed 8ee$n&. ,)rn& t+e n&+t t+e
c+ld drea'ed t+at +er dead dear belo2ed brot+er ca'e to +er1 ta3n& +er b"
t+e +and1 sa"n&1 Co'e1 '" darln&1 I 8ll s+o8 "o) 8+ere "o)r lttle 3nfe
s19 and1 leadn& +er to t+e barn1 cl'bn& t+e 'o81 s+o8ed +er t+e 3nfe1
'ar3n& t+e $lace. T+e drea' 8as +i,IMH- so lfeCl3e t+at s+e a8o3e1
Do"f)ll" telln& +er sster t+at +er brot+er +ad been +ere1 and s+o8n& +er
8+ere s+e 8o)ld fnd +er 3nfe. Bot+ &rls +astl" dressed1 and r)nnn& to
t+e barn1 t+e lttle &rl1 asssted b" +er sster1 &ot on to$ of t+e +a"1 and
8al3ed drect to t+e s$ot ndcated b" +er brot+er1 and fo)nd t+e 3nfe on
to$ of t+e +a". T+e 8+ole $art" sad t+at t+e" all loo3ed t+ere 'an" t'es
t+e da" before1 and nssted t+at t+e 3nfe 8as not t+ere t+en. T+s1 I t+n31 s
a 2er" re'ar3able drea'.Yo)rs1 &c. 9
In ans8er to a reE)est for f)rt+er confr'aton19 contn)es Professor
Ro"ce1 o)r corres$ondent 8rtes1 )nder date of ,ece'ber .@t+1 *AA=J9
Yo)rs of ,ece'ber ..nd nst. to +and. %ccordn& to "o)r reE)est I 8ll
&2e t+e state'ent of '" &rls. T+e lttle drea'er sa"sJ
I +a2e a 2er" 22d recollecton of '" drea' )$ to t+s da". I co)ld
toda" 8al3 e2er" ste$ t+at I 8al3ed n '" drea' 8t+ brot+er. I cannot
recollect at 8+at t'e of t+e n&+t I +ad '" drea'. I don5t t+n3 I e2er 8as
a8a3e d)rn& t+e n&+t1 b)t1 on 8a3n& n t+e 'ornn&1 I +ad t+e feeln& t+at
I 8as s)re I co)ld &o and &et t+e 3nfe. I told '" ssters. T+e" at frst
la)&+ed at '" drea'1 b)t I nssted t+at brot+er +ad s+o8n 'e t+e 3nfe1
and I co)ld not +a2e $eace n '" 'nd )ntl I 8ent to t+e barn to &et t. One
sster 8ent 8t+ 'e. On reac+n& t+e +a"1 I told +er to let 'e &o a+ead1 and
8al3ed drect to t+e s$ot 8t+o)t +estatn& a 'o'ent1 and $c3ed )$ '"
3nfeZ9
(+e ne2er +ad an" ot+er s'lar e#$erence1 and no ot+er s'lar
e#$erence +a$$ened n '" fa'l". T+e sster 8+o 8ent alon& 8t+ +er
sa"sJ
%s 8e &ot )$ and 8ere dressn&1 sster told 'e s+e 3ne8 8+ere +er
3nfe 8asG t+at brot+er too3 +er o)t to t+e barn d)rn& t+e n&+t and s+o8ed
t to +er. I la)&+ed and tred to $ers)ade +er t+at t+s 8as onl" a drea'1 b)t
s+e sad t+at s+e 8as so s)re of seen& t+e 3nfe t+at s+e 8o)ld s+o8 t to
'e. (+e sad t+at brot+er too3 +er b" t+e +and1 and led +er to t+e $lace1
tal3n& to +er all t+e 8a"1 and tred to E)et +er. (+e 8o)ld not &2e $eace
)ntl I 8ent alon&. On &ettn& on to$ of t+e +a" s+e 8al3ed drect to t+e
s$ot1 sa"n&1 H-ere brot+er $c3ed t+e 3nfe )$ o)t of t+e +a"1I and at once
sad1 Hand o+1 +ere t s1I $c3n& )$ t+e 3nfe. 6e +ad been loo3n& t+s
$lace all o2er1 a&an and a&an1 t+e $re2o)s e2enn&.9
+1* A . -ere s a case n 8+c+ a dffc)lt $roble' n boo33ee$n&1
8+c+ +ad baffled t+e narrator5s 8a3n& endea2o)rs1 8as sol2ed d)rn&
slee$. I E)ote t fro' t+e Soist, 2ol. 2. $. ;.A. It 8as co'')ncated to ,r.
Ellotson1 8t+ t+e drea'er5s na'e and address1 b" ,r. ,a2e"1 of t+e
Colne" -atc+ L)natc %s"l)'.
1anuary *<th, *A?>.
/Y ,E%R 1In accordance 8t+ "o)r reE)est1 I +ere8t+ trans't
"o) $artc)lars1 as t+e" occ)rred1 of t+e $ec)lar drea'1 f s)c+ t 'a" be
called1 8+c+ $ro2ed of so essental ser2ce to 'e.
%s I 'entoned to "o)1 I +ad been bot+ered snce (e$te'ber 8t+ an
error n '" cas+ acco)nt for t+at 'ont+1 and des$te 'an" +o)rs5
e#a'naton1 t defed all '" efforts1 and I al'ost &a2e t )$ as a +o$eless
case. It +ad been t+e s)bDect of '" 8a3n& t+o)&+ts for 'an" n&+ts1 and
+ad occ)$ed a lar&e $orton of '" les)re +o)rs. /atters re'aned t+)s
)nsettled )ntl t+e **t+ +i,IMI- ,ece'ber. On t+s n&+t I +ad not1 to '"
3no8led&e1 once t+o)&+t of t+e s)bDect1 b)t I +ad not lon& been n bed1 and
aseep, 8+en '" bran 8as as b)s" 8t+ t+e boo3s as t+o)&+ I +ad been at
'" des3. T+e cas+Cboo31 ban3er5s $assCboo3s1 &c.1 &c.1 a$$eared before
'e1 and 8t+o)t an" a$$arent tro)ble I al'ost ''edatel" dsco2ered t+e
ca)se of t+e 'sta3e1 8+c+ +ad arsen o)t of a co'$lcated crossCentr". I
$erfectl" recollect +a2n& ta3en a sl$ of $a$er n '" drea' and 'ade s)c+
a 'e'orand)' as 8o)ld enable 'e to correct t+e error at so'e les)re
t'eG and1 +a2n& done t+s1 t+at t+e 8+ole of t+e crc)'stances +ad $assed
fro' '" 'nd. 6+en I a8o3e n t+e 'ornn& I +ad not t+e sl&+test
recollecton of '" drea'1 nor dd t once occ)r to 'e t+ro)&+o)t t+e da"1
alt+o)&+ I +ad t+e 2er" boo3s before 'e on 8+c+ I +ad a$$arentl" been
en&a&ed n '" slee$. 6+en I ret)rned +o'e n t+e afternoon1 as I dd earl"
for t+e $)r$ose of dressn&1 and $roceeded to s+a2e1 I too3 )$ a $ece of
$a$er fro' '" dressn&Ctable to 8$e '" raNor1 and "o) 'a" 'a&ne '"
s)r$rse at fndn& t+ereon t+e 2er" 'e'orand)' I fanced +ad been 'ade
d)rn& t+e $re2o)s n&+t. T+e effect on 'e 8as s)c+ t+at I ret)rned to o)r
offce and t)rned to t+e cas+Cboo31 8+en I fo)nd t+at I +ad reall"1 #hen
aseep, detected t+e error 8+c+ I co)ld not detect n '" 8a3n& +o)rs1 and
+ad act)all" Dotted t do8n at t+e t'e.Y
&.S.I 'a" add t+at1 on a for'er occason1 nearl" a s'lar occ)rrence
too3 $laceG 8t+1 +o8e2er1 t+s dfference1 t+at I a8o3e at t+e concl)son of
t+e drea'1 and 8as $erfectl" a8are1 8+en certanl" a8a3e1 of +a2n& 'ade
t+e 'e'orand)' at t+at t'e. T+s1 +o8e2er1 8as not t+e case n t+e
occ)rrence I +a2e abo2e detaled.Y
C. 7. E.
/r. E. 8rote laterJ
I +a2e no recollecton 8+ate2er as to 8+ere I obtaned t+e 8rtn&
'aterals1 or rat+er $a$er and $encl1 8t+ 8+c+ I 'ade t+e 'e'orand)'
referred to. It certanl" ')st +a2e been 8rtten n t+e dar31 and n '"
bedroo'1 as I fo)nd bot+ $a$er and $encl t+ere t+e follo8n& afternoon1
and co)ld not for a lon& t'e )nderstand an"t+n& abo)t t. T+e $encl 8as
not one 8+c+ I a' n t+e +abt of carr"n&1 and '" '$resson s t+at I
')st +a2e et+er fo)nd t accdentall" n t+e roo'1 or &one do8nstars for t.
C. 7. E.
+1* B . (o'e str3n& cases n 8+c+1 d)rn& slee$1 co'$le# nferences
+a2e been dra8n1 fro' data $res)'abl" $resent to t+e 8a3n& 'nd1 8t+
'ore t+an 8a3n& ntell&ence1 8ere recorded b" Professor 6. Ro'ane
!e8bold1 of t+e :n2erst" of Penns"l2ana1 n a $a$er enttled ()bC
consco)s Reasonn&19 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. **K.>1 fro'
8+c+ I &2e t+e follo8n& e#tractsJ
T+e frst case (sa"s Professor !e8bold) 8as &2en 'e b" '" frend and
collea&)e1 6lla' %. La'berton1 Professor of Gree3 n t+e :n2erst" of
Penns"l2ana1 and I transcrbe +s o8n 8rtten state'ent.
I 8ent to t+e Le+&+ :n2erst" n t+e fall of *AB@ as nstr)ctor n Latn
and Gree3. /" s$are t'e1 +o8e2er1 $artl" as t+e res)lt of old leann&s of
'" )nder&rad)ate da"s1 $artl" n conseE)ence of a so'e8+at nt'ate
co'$anons+$ t+at s$ran& )$ bet8een 'e and t+e nstr)ctor n
'at+e'atcs1 after a fe8 'ont+s ca'e to be &2en al'ost entrel" to
'at+e'atcs. I t+en 'ade acE)antance for t+e frst t'e 8t+ t+e $leas)res
of descr$t2e &eo'etr"G +i,IMJ- I 'a" sa" +ere t+at t+s branc+ of
'at+e'atcs +as a 'ore drect tendenc" to8ards E)c3enn& t+e $o8er of
'entall" $ct)rn& bodes and lnes n s$ace t+an an" ot+er $art of
'at+e'atcs t+at can be called ele'entar". I 'enton t+s +ere beca)se t
'a" +a2e so'e bearn& )$on t+e e#$erence no8 to be related.
O)tsde of t+s st)d" of descr$t2e &eo'etr"1 '" 'at+e'atcal 8or3
8as entrel" al&ebrac and anal"tc. I soon be&an to tr" '" +and at certan
$roble's. (o'e8+ere n t+e s$rn&1 I t+n3 t 8as1 of *A=>1 I attac3ed t+s
$roble'J G2en an ell$se1 to fnd t+e loc)s of t+e foot of t+e $er$endc)lar
let fall fro' et+er foc)s )$on a tan&ent to t+s ell$se at an" $ont. I
endea2o)red to sol2e t+s anal"tcall"1 startn& fro' t+e 8ellC3no8n
eE)atons of t+e tan&ent to an ell$se1 and of a $er$endc)lar to a &2en lne
fro' a &2en $ont. !o t+o)&+t of atte'$tn& a &eo'etrcal sol)ton e2er
entered '" +ead. %fter battln& 8t+ t+ese eE)atons for a consderable t'e
t 8as o2er a 8ee3 and 'a" +a2e been t8o 8ee3sI ca'e to t+e nat)ral
concl)son t+at I 8as bo&&ed1 and t+at all '" efforts1 f contn)ed1 8o)ld
onl" sn3 'e dee$er n t+e bo&G t+e $ro$er t+n& to do 8as to call a +alt1
ds'ssn& t+e $roble' as far as $ossble fro' '" t+o)&+ts1 and after so'e
t'e1 8+en '" 'nd +ad &ot co'$letel" free fro' t1 to ret)rn to t afres+1
8+en1 I +ad no do)bt1 a fe8 'n)tes 8o)ld $)t 'e n $ossesson of t+e
sol)ton. T+s I dd absol)tel" and 8t+ s)ccess. %fter abo)t a 8ee31 I 8o3e
one 'ornn& and fo)nd '"self n $ossesson of t+e desred sol)ton )nder
crc)'stances to 'e stran&e and nterestn&1 so ')c+ so t+at t+e '$resson
of t+e' +as ne2er ded a8a"1 or e2en1 so far as I can sa"1 beco'e d' or
altered n an" 8a". 4rstJ t+e sol)ton 8as entrel" &eo'etrcal1 8+ereas I
+ad been labo)rn& for t anal"tcall" 8t+o)t e2er dra8n& or atte'$tn& to
dra8 a sn&le f&)re. (econdJ t $resented tself b" 'eans of a f&)re
obDect2el" $ct)red at a consderable dstance fro' 'e on t+e o$$oste
8all. !o81 alt+o)&+ I +a2e been able1 and +a2e been so for "ears1 to $ct)re
to '"self a &eo'etrcal f&)ree2en 'oderatel" co'$lcatedand )se t
for sol)ton of a &eo'etrcal $roble' 8t+o)t e#ternal lnes ben& dra8n1
s)c+ f&)res +a2e sensatonall" for 'e a dstnct locaton n '"self1 2N.1 n
t+e e"e tselfG t+e" are ne2er1 so far as I 3no81 e#ternall" $resented. T+s1
+o8e2er1 8as dstnctl" e#ternal. T+e roo' t+at I occ)$ed +ad once been a
rectaton roo'. It 8as a lon& roo'1 r)nnn& east and 8est1 8t+ t8o
8ndo8s on t+e so)t+ sde1 one n t+e so)t+Ceast corner. T+e nort+ 8all +ad
once been $artall" occ)$ed b" a lon& blac3board1 set n t+e 8all and
s)rro)nded b" a 'o)ldn&. T+e blac3board s)rface 8as s'$l" a blac3ened
$ossbl" slated$orton of t+e 8all tself. T+s +ad been $anted o2er1
b)t t+e blac3 s+o8ed t+ro)&+ t+e 8+te $ant and t+e 'o)ldn& 8as stll
t+ereG so t+at1 a$art fro' t+e tradton1 8t+ 8+c+ I 8as fa'lar1 t+e fact of
a blac3board +a2n& been t+ere 8as $erfectl" clear and e2dent. /" bed 8as
so $laced bet8een t+e 8ndo8s on t+e so)t+ and t+e nort+ 8all1 t+at on
o$enn& '" e"es n t+e 'ornn& t+e frst t+n& I 8o)ld be l3el" to see 8as
t+e blac3board s)rface. On o$enn& '" e"es on t+e 'ornn& n E)eston1 I
sa8 $roDected )$on t+s blac3board s)rface a co'$lete f&)re1 contann&
not onl" t+e lnes &2en b" t+e $roble'1 b)t also a n)'ber of a)#lar" lnes1
and D)st s)c+ lnes as 8t+o)t f)rt+er t+o)&+t sol2ed t+e $roble' at once.
Bot+ foc 8ere Doned 8t+ t+e $ont of contact of t+e tan&entJ t+e
$er$endc)lar 8as $rolon&ed be"ond ts $ont of ntersecton 8t+ t+e
tan&ent tll t 'et t+e lne fro' t+e ot+er foc)s t+ro)&+ t+e $ont of contact
8t+ t+e ell$seG a lne 8as dra8n fro' t+e centre of t+e ell$se to t+e +i,
IMK- foot of t+e $er$endc)lar1 and1 lastl"1 t+e loc)s1 a crcle on t+e 'aDor
a#s of t+e ell$se as da'eter1 8as dra8n. I s$ran& fro' bed and dre8 t+e
f&)re on $a$erG needless to sa"1 $er+a$s1 t+at t+e &eo'etrcal sol)ton ben&
t+)s &2en1 onl" a fe8 'n)tes 8ere needed to &et t+e anal"tcal one.
6. %. L%/BERTO!.9
Professor !e8bold contn)esJ
Professor La'berton +as s+o8ed 'e +s noteCboo3 contann& t+e
state'ent of t+e $roble' and t+e anal"tcal sol)ton. -e s )nable to fnd t+e
conte'$orar" dra8n& abo2e 'entoned1 and no conte'$orar" acco)nt s
fort+co'n&. It s $ossble t+at so'e of t+e detals of t+e $+eno'enon +a2e
beco'e obsc)red n t+e la$se of t8ent"Cf2e "ears1 b)t t+e essental $onts
see' to 'e to be nd)btable1t+at Professor La'berton sa8 t+at 'ornn&
an e#ternalsed +all)cnator" f&)re1 and t+at1 8+ate2er ts $recse c+aracter1
t s)&&ested to +' t+e sol)ton 8+c+ +e +ad so)&+t n 2an b" t+e
anal"tcal 'et+od. T+ere s no cl)e to t+e t'e at 8+c+ t+e reasonn&
$rocesses necessar" to attan t+e res)lt 8ere carred o)t1 b)t fro' &eneral
consderatons t see's to 'e 'ost $robable t+at t+e" for'ed $art of so'e
for&otten drea' and 8ere not &on& on s)bCconsco)sl"9 d)rn& 8a3n&
lfe. Professor La'berton s of (cotc+CIrs+ descent1 s a 'an of t+e 'ost
rob)st $+"scal and 'ental +ealt+1 and s of a te'$era'ent $recsel" t+e
o$$oste of t+at n 8+c+ traces of tr)e s)bCconsco)s9 $rocesses are
)s)all" fo)nd. T+e f)ncton of t+e ds)sed blac3board1 as a$$arentl"
$ro2dn& a point de rep=re for t+e +all)cnaton1 s of nterest and 8ll
s)&&est 'an" analo&es. T+s s Professor La'berton5s onl" +all)cnator"
e#$erence. -e nfor's 'e f)rt+er t+at +s colo)r 'e'or" s bad1 alt+o)&+
+s 'e'or" for lne and for' s e#cellent. -e 2s)alses lttle1 and t 8as not
)ntl so'e t'e after t+e abo2e e#$erence t+at +e learned t+at t 8as 8t+n
t+e $o8er of so'e $ersons 2ol)ntarl" to e#ternalse t+er 2s)al 'e'ores.
+1* C . T+e follo8n& acco)nt s also ta3en fro' Professor !e8bold5s
$a$er1 D)st E)oted. -e 8rtesJ
4or Lt+eseM cases I a' ndebted to anot+er frend and collea&)e1 ,r.
-er'an V. -l$rec+t1 Professor of %ss"ran n t+e :n2erst" of
Penns"l2ana. Bot+ occ)rred n +s o8n e#$erence1 and I 8rte t+e acco)nt
of t+e frst fro' notes 'ade b" 'e )$on +s narrat2e.
,)rn& t+e 8nter1 *AA.K*AA;1 +e 8as 8or3n& 8t+ Professor 4redrc+
,eltNsc+1 and 8as $re$arn& to $)bls+1 as +s dssertaton1 a te#t1
translteraton1 and translaton of a stone of !eb)c+adneNNar I. 8t+ notes.
-e acce$ted at t+at t'e t+e e#$lanaton &2en b" Professor ,eltNsc+ of t+e
na'e !eb)c+adneNNarNab[,Bud[rruusur, !ebo $rotect '" 'ason5s
$ad1 or 'ortar board19 .e.1 '" 8or3 as a b)lder.9 One n&+t1 after 8or3n&
late1 +e 8ent to bed abo)t t8o o5cloc3 n t+e 'ornn&. %fter a so'e8+at
restless slee$1 +e a8o3e 8t+ +s 'nd f)ll of t+e t+o)&+t t+at t+e na'e
s+o)ld be translated !ebo $rotect '" bo)ndar".9 -e +ad a d'
consco)sness of +a2n& been 8or3n& at +s table n a drea'1 b)t co)ld
ne2er recall t+e detals of t+e $rocess b" 8+c+ +e arr2ed at t+s concl)son.
Reflectn& )$on t 8+en a8a3e1 +o8e2er1 +e at once sa8 t+at Bud[rru,
bo)ndar"19 co)ld be der2ed fro' t+e 2erb BadFru, to enclose. (+ortl"
after8ards +e $)bls+ed t+s translaton n +s dssertaton1 and t +as snce
been )n2ersall" ado$ted.
+i,IML-
I E)ote t+s e#$erence1 n tself of a fa'lar t"$e1 on acco)nt of ts
nterest 8+en 2e8ed n connecton 8t+ t+e 'ore c)ro)s drea' ne#t to be
related. I 8as told of t+e latter s+ortl" after t +a$$ened1 and +ere translate
an acco)nt 8rtten n Ger'an b" Professor -l$rec+t1 %)&)st At+1 *A@;1
before t+e 'ore co'$lete confr'aton 8as rece2ed.
One (at)rda" e2enn&1 abo)t t+e 'ddle of /arc+ *A@;1 I +ad been
8ear"n& '"self1 as I +ad done so often n t+e 8ee3s $recedn&1 n t+e 2an
atte'$t to dec$+er t8o s'all fra&'ents of a&ate 8+c+ 8ere s)$$osed to
belon& to t+e fn&erCrn&s of so'e Bab"lonan. T+e labo)r 8as ')c+
ncreased b" t+e fact t+at t+e fra&'ents $resented re'nants onl" of
c+aracters and lnes1 t+at doNens of s'lar s'all fra&'ents +ad been fo)nd
n t+e r)ns of t+e te'$le of Bel at !$$)r 8t+ 8+c+ not+n& co)ld be
done1 t+at n t+s case f)rt+er'ore I +ad ne2er +ad t+e or&nals before 'e1
b)t onl" a +ast" s3etc+ 'ade b" one of t+e 'e'bers of t+e e#$edton sent
b" t+e :n2erst" of Penns"l2ana to Bab"lona. I co)ld not sa" 'ore t+an
t+at t+e fra&'ents1 ta3n& nto consderaton t+e $lace n 8+c+ t+e" 8ere
fo)nd and t+e $ec)lar c+aracterstcs of t+e c)nefor' c+aracters $reser2ed
)$on t+e'1 s$ran& fro' t+e Casste $erod of Bab"lonan +stor" (circa
*=>>K**<> B.C.)G 'oreo2er1 as t+e frst c+aracter of t+e t+rd lne of t+e
frst fra&'ent see'ed to be R:1 I ascrbed t+s fra&'ent1 8t+ an
nterro&aton $ont1 to Rn& R)r&alN)1 8+le I $laced t+e ot+er fra&'ent1 as
)nclassfable1 8t+ ot+er Casste fra&'ents )$on1 a $a&e of '" boo3 8+ere
I $)bls+ed t+e )nclassfable fra&'ents. T+e $roofs alread" la" before 'e1
b)t I 8as far fro' satsfed. T+e 8+ole $roble' $assed "et a&an t+ro)&+
'" 'nd t+at /arc+ e2enn& before I $laced '" 'ar3 of a$$ro2al )nder t+e
last correcton n t+e boo3. E2en t+en I +ad co'e to no concl)son. %bo)t
'dn&+t1 8ear" and e#+a)sted1 I 8ent to bed and 8as soon n dee$ slee$.
T+en I drea'ed t+e follo8n& re'ar3able drea'. % tall1 t+n $rest of t+e
old $reCC+rstan !$$)r1 abo)t fort" "ears of a&e and clad n a s'$le abba1
led 'e to t+e treas)reCc+a'ber of t+e te'$le1 on ts so)t+Ceast sde. -e 8ent
8t+ 'e nto a s'all1 lo8Cceled roo' 8t+o)t 8ndo8s1 n 8+c+ t+ere 8as
a lar&e 8ooden c+est1 8+le scra$s of a&ate and la$sClaN)l la" scattered on
t+e floor. -ere +e addressed 'e as follo8sJ HT+e t8o fra&'ents 8+c+ "o)
+a2e $)bls+ed se$aratel" )$on $a&es .. and .B1 belon& to&et+er1 are not
fn&erCrn&s1 and t+er +stor" s as follo8s. Rn& R)r&alN) (circa *;>>
B.C.) once sent to t+e te'$le of Bel1 a'on& ot+er artcles of a&ate and la$sC
laN)l1 an nscrbed 2ot2e c"lnder of a&ate. T+en 8e $rests s)ddenl"
rece2ed t+e co''and to 'a3e for t+e stat)e of t+e &od !nb a $ar of
earrn&s of a&ate. 6e 8ere n &reat ds'a"1 snce t+ere 8as no a&ate as ra8
'ateral at +and. In order to e#ec)te t+e co''and t+ere 8as not+n& for )s
to do b)t c)t t+e 2ot2e c"lnder nto t+ree $arts1 t+)s 'a3n& t+ree rn&s1
eac+ of 8+c+ contaned a $orton of t+e or&nal nscr$ton. T+e frst t8o
rn&s ser2ed as earrn&s for t+e stat)e of t+e &odG t+e t8o fra&'ents 8+c+
+a2e &2en "o) soC')c+ tro)ble are $ortons of t+e'. If "o) 8ll $)t t+e
t8o to&et+er "o) 8ll +a2e confr'aton of '" 8ords. B)t t+e t+rd rn& "o)
+a2e not "et fo)nd n t+e co)rse of "o)r e#ca2atons1 and "o) ne2er 8ll
fnd t.I 6t+ t+s1 t+e $rest dsa$$eared. I a8o3e at once and ''edatel"
told '" 8fe t+e drea' t+at I '&+t not for&et t. !e#t 'ornn&()nda"I
e#a'ned t+e fra&'ents once 'ore n t+e l&+t of t+ese dsclos)res1 and to
'" astons+'ent fo)nd all t+e detals of t+e drea' $recsel" 2erfed n so
far as t+e 'eans of 2erfcaton 8ere n '" +ands. T+e or&nal nscr$ton
on t+e 2ot2e c"lnder readJ HTo t+e &od !nb1 son of Bel1 +s lord1 +as
R)r&alN)1 $ontfe# of Bel1 $resented t+s.I
+i,IMM-
T+e $roble' 8as t+)s at last sol2ed. I stated n t+e $reface t+at I +ad
)nfort)natel" dsco2ered too late t+at t+e t8o fra&'ents belon&ed to&et+er1
'ade t+e corres$ondn& c+an&es n t+e Table of Contents1 $$. ?> and ?.1
and1 t ben& not $ossble to trans$ose t+e fra&'ents1 as t+e $lates 8ere
alread" 'ade1 I $)t n eac+ $late a bref reference to t+e ot+er. (Cf.
-l$rec+t1 HT+e Bab"lonan E#$edton of t+e :n2erst" of Penns"l2ana1I
(eres %1 C)nefor' Te#ts1 Vol. I.1 Part I1 HOld Bab"lonan Inscr$tons1
c+efl" fro' !$$)r.I)
-. V. -ILPREC-T.9
:$on t+e $rest5s state'ent t+at t+e fra&'ents 8ere t+ose of a 2ot2e
c"lnder1 Professor -l$rec+t 'a3es t+e follo8n& co''entJ
T+ere are not 'an" of t+ese 2ot2e c"lnders. I +ad seen1 all told1 )$ to
t+at e2enn&1 not 'ore t+an t8o. T+e" 2er" ')c+ rese'ble t+e soCcalled
seal c"lnders1 b)t )s)all" +a2e no $ctoral re$resentatons )$on t+e'1 and
t+e nscr$ton s not re2ersed1 not ben& ntended for )se n sealn&1 b)t s
8rtten as t s read.9
T+e follo8n& translteraton of t+e nscr$ton1 n t+e ()'eran
lan&)a&e1 8ll ser2e to &2e t+ose of )s 8+o are )nlearned n c)nefor'
lan&)a&es an dea of t+e 'ateral 8+c+ s)&&ested t+e drea'. T+e stra&+t
2ertcal lnes re$resent t+e c)ts b" 8+c+ t+e stoneCc)tter d2ded t+e
or&nal c"lnder nto t+ree sectons. T+e brac3eted 8ords are entrel" lost1
and +a2e been s)$$led b" analo&" fro' t+e 'an" s'lar nscr$tons.
Lne *. ,n&r ! j nb d) j (')) To t+e &od !nb1 c+ld
9 .. dn&r j EnC j (ll ) of t+e &od Bel
9 ;. l)&a j l C a C n j (r) +s lord
9 <. R)Cr j (C &alN)) j R)r&alN)
9 ?. $aC j (tes dn&r Enll) $ontfe# of t+e &od Bel
9 B. (nC naC j ba) +as $resented t
I translate also t+e follo8n& state'ent 8+c+ /rs. -l$rec+t 3ndl"
'ade at '" reE)est.
I 8as a8a3ened fro' slee$ b" a s&+1 ''edatel" t+ereafter +eard a
s$rn& fro' t+e bed1 and at t+e sa'e 'o'ent sa8 Professor -l$rec+t
+)rr"n& nto +s st)d". T+ence ca'e t+e cr"1 HIt s so1 t s so.I Gras$n& t+e
st)aton1 I follo8ed +' and satsfed '"self n t+e 'dn&+t +o)r as to t+e
o)tco'e of +s 'ost nterestn& drea'.
*
7. C. -ILPREC-T.9
%t t+e t'e Professor -l$rec+t told 'e of t+s c)ro)s drea'1 8+c+
8as a fe8 8ee3s after ts occ)rrence1 t+ere re'aned a sero)s dffc)lt"
8+c+ +e 8as not able to e#$lan. %ccordn& to t+e 'e'oranda n o)r
$ossesson1 t+e fra&'ents 8ere of dfferent colo)rs1 and t+erefore co)ld
+a2e scarcel" belon&ed to t+e sa'e obDect. T+e or&nal fra&'ents 8ere n
Constantno$le1 and t 8as 8t+ no lttle nterest t+at I a8ated Professor
-l$rec+t5s ret)rn fro' t+e tr$ +i,IMN- 8+c+ +e 'ade t+t+er n t+e s)''er
of *A@;. I translate a&an +s o8n acco)nt of 8+at +e t+en ascertaned.
November *>th, *A@?.
In %)&)st *A@;1 I 8as sent b" t+e Co''ttee on t+e Bab"lonan
E#$edton to Constantno$le1 to catalo&)e and st)d" t+e obDects &ot fro'
!$$)r and $reser2ed t+ere n t+e I'$eral /)se)'. It 8as to 'e a 'atter
of t+e &reatest nterest to see for '"self t+e obDects 8+c+1 accordn& to '"
drea'1 belon&ed to&et+er1 n order to satsf" '"self t+at t+e" +ad bot+
or&nall" been $arts of t+e sa'e 2ot2e c"lnder. -all Be"1 t+e drector of
t+e ')se)'1 to 8+o' I told '" drea'1 and of 8+o' I as3ed $er'sson to
see t+e obDects1 8as so nterested n t+e 'atter1 t+at +e at once o$ened all t+e
cases of t+e Bab"lonan secton1 and reE)ested 'e to searc+. 4at+er (c+el1
an %ss"rolo&st fro' Pars1 8+o +ad e#a'ned and arran&ed t+e artcles
e#ca2ated b" )s before 'e1 +ad not reco&nsed t+e fact t+at t+ese fra&'ents
belon&ed to&et+er1 and conseE)entl" I fo)nd one fra&'ent n one case1 and
t+e ot+er n a case far a8a" fro' t. %s soon as I fo)nd t+e fra&'ents and
$)t t+e' to&et+er1 t+e tr)t+ of t+e drea' 8as de'onstrated ad ocuost+e"
+ad1 n fact1 once belon&ed to one and t+e sa'e 2ot2e c"lnder. %s t +ad
been or&nall" of fnel" 2ened a&ate1 t+e stoneCc)tter5s sa8 +ad
accdentall" d2ded t+e obDect n s)c+ a 8a" t+at t+e 8+ts+ 2en of t+e
stone a$$eared onl" )$on t+e one fra&'ent and t+e lar&er &re" s)rface )$on
t+e ot+er. T+)s I 8as able to e#$lan ,r. Peters5s dscordant descr$ton of
t+e t8o fra&'ents.9
Professor -l$rec+t s )nable to sa" 8+at lan&)a&e t+e old $rest )sed n
addressn& +'. -e s E)te certan t+at t 8as not %ss"ran1 and t+n3s t
8as et+er En&ls+ or Ger'an.
T+ere are t8o es$ecal $onts of nterest n t+s case1 t+e c+aracter of t+e
nfor'aton con2e"ed1 and t+e dra'atc for' n 8+c+ t 8as $)t. T+e
a$$arentl" no2el $onts of nfor'aton &2en 8ereJ
*. T+at t+e fra&'ents belon&ed to&et+er.
.. T+at t+e" 8ere fra&'ents of a 2ot2e c"lnder.
;. T+at t+e c"lnder 8as $resented b" Rn& R)r&alN).
<. T+at t 8as dedcated to !nb.
?. T+at t +ad been 'ade nto a $ar of earrn&s.
B. T+at t+e treas)re c+a'ber9 8as located )$on t+e so)t+C
east sde of t+e te'$le.
% caref)l anal"ss re2eals t+e fact t+at not one of t+ese te's 8as
be"ond t+e reac+ of t+e $rocesses of assocat2e reasonn& 8+c+ Professor
-l$rec+t dal" e'$lo"s. %'on& t+e $ossble assocat2e conseE)ents of t+e
8rtn& )$on t+e one fra&'ent1 so'e of t+e assocat2e conseE)ents of t+e
8rtn& on t+e ot+er 8ere s)bCconsco)sl" n2ol2edG t+e attracton of t+ese
dentcal ele'ents brn&s t+e se$arate $eces nto 'ental D)#ta$oston1
$recsel" as t+e $eces of a dssected 'a$9 fnd one anot+er n t+o)&+t. In
8a3n& lfe t+e dss'lart" of colo)r n+bted an" tendenc" on t+e $art of
t+e assocat2e $rocesses to brn& t+e' to&et+er1 b)t n slee$ t+s dfference
of colo)r see's to +a2e been for&ottent+ere ben& no 'enton 'ade of t
and t+e ass'laton too3 $lace. T+e second $ont s 'ore c)ro)s1 b)t s
not ne#$lcable. 4or as soon as t+e fra&'ents 8ere bro)&+t nto
D)#ta$oston 'entall"1 eno)&+ of t+e nscr$ton beca'e le&ble to s)&&est
t+e or&nal c+aracter of t+e obDect. T+s s tr)e also of t+e t+rd and fo)rt+
$onts. T+e so)rce of t+e fft+ s not so clear. :$on e#a'nn& t+e or&nals1
Professor -l$rec+t felt con2nced fro' t+e sNe +i,IMO- of t+e +ole stll to
be seen t+ro)&+ t+e fra&'ents t+at t+e" co)ld not +a2e been )sed as fn&erC
rn&s1 and t+at t+e" +ad been )sed as earrn&s1 b)t t+e 8rtten descr$ton
8+c+ +e +ad before +' at t+e t'e of +s drea' dd not brn& t+ese $onts
to 2e8. (tll1 s)c+ earrn&s are b" no 'eans )nco''on obDects. ()c+ a
s)$$oston '&+t 8ell +a2e occ)rred to Professor -l$rec+t n +s 8a3n&
state1 and1 n 2e8 of t+e lac3 of $ost2e confr'aton1 t 8o)ld be ras+ to
ascrbe t to an" s)$ernor'al $o8er. T+e last $ont s 'ost nterestn&.
6+en +e told 'e t+s stor"1 Professor -l$rec+t re'e'bered t+at +e +ad
+eard fro' ,r. 7o+n P. Peters1 before +e +ad t+e drea'1 of t+e dsco2er" of
a roo' n 8+c+ 8ere re'nants of a 8ooden bo#1 8+le t+e floor 8as
stre8n 8t+ fra&'ents of a&ate and la$sClaN)l. T+e 8alls1 of co)rse1 and
celn& +a2e lon& snce $ers+ed. T+e locaton1 +o8e2er1 of t+e roo' +e dd
not 3no81 and s)&&ested I s+o)ld 8rte to ,r. Peters and fnd o)t 8+et+er t
8as correctl" &2en n +s drea'1 and 8+et+er ,r. Peters +ad told +' of t.
,r. Peters re$led t+at t+e locaton &2en 8as correct1 b)t1 +e adds1 +e told
Professor -l$rec+t all t+ese facts as lon& a&o as *A@*1 and t+n3s +e
$ro2ded +' 8t+ a dra8n& of t+e roo'5s relaton to t+e te'$le. Of t+s
Professor -l$rec+t +as no recollecton. -e t+n3s t $robable t+at ,r. Peters
told +' orall" of t+e locaton of t+e roo'1 b)t feels s)re t+at f an" s)c+
$lan 8as &2en +' t 8o)ld no8 be fo)nd a'on& +s $a$ers. T+s s a $ont
of no '$ortance1 +o8e2er. 6e certanl" cannot re&ard t+e locaton as
ascertaned b" s)$ernor'al 'eans.
+(1 A . In t+e case ne#t to be E)oted1 n 8+c+ a "o)n& 'an sees n a
drea' t+e $lace 8+ere +s frend5s 8atc+ +as fallen n a feld1 t '&+t be
s)&&ested t+at t+e loser5s s)bl'nal self +ad seen t+e 8atc+ fall1 and
after8ards co'')ncated t+at 3no8led&e tele$at+call" to +s slee$n&
frend. T+e analo&" of ot+er cases1 +o8e2er1 8o)ld see' rat+er to $ont to
an e#c)rson or e#tenson of t+e drea'er5s $erce$ton1 so as to ncl)de t+e
feld 8+ere t+e 8atc+ 8as fo)nd. T+e acco)nt 8as or&nall" sent to
Professor 6. 7a'es1 and I E)ote t fro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $.
;@=.
PRO4. 7%/E(1,E%R (IR1I a' nfor'ed t+at "o) are at t+e +ead of
t+e Boston Branc+ of t+e En&ls+ (ocet" of Ps"c+cal Researc+1 and be& to
call "o)r attenton to a sn&)lar ncdent 8+c+ too3 $lace near +ere so'e
t'e a&o1 and 8+c+ +as ne2er been c+roncled. It s1 n bref1 as follo8sJ
% "o)n& 'an of t+s $lace1 7. L. (E)res b" na'e1 8as at 8or3 on t+e
far' of T. L. 7o+nson1 8t+ anot+er "o)n& 'an1 6esle" ,a2s1 8+o 8as
one da" far fro' t+e b)ldn&s 'endn& fence aro)nd a lar&e $ast)re.
(E)res 8as not 8t+ +'1 nor +ad +e e2er been far nto t+e $ast)re. %t so'e
t'e d)rn& t+e da" ,a2s lost +s 8atc+ and c+an fro' t+e 2est $oc3et1 and
alt+o)&+ +e searc+ed dl&entl"1 co)ld not fnd t1 as +e +ad no dea as to t+e
$robable localt" of t+e 8atc+. %lt+o)&+ onl" a sl2er 8atc+1 ,a2s 8or3ed
for a l2n& and co)ld +ardl" afford ts loss.
In +s s"'$at+" for +s frend1 (E)res co)ld not 3ee$ +s 'nd off t+e
8atc+1 and after t8o or t+ree da"s5 t+n3n& of t1 8ent to bed one n&+t stll
t+n3n& of t. ,)rn& t+e n&+t +e +ad a drea'1 or 2son1 as 8e 'a" call t1
and sa8 t+e 8atc+ l"n& on t+e &ro)nd 8t+ t+e c+an coled n a $ec)lar
$ostonG roc3s1 trees1 and all t+e s)rro)ndn&s 8ere $erfectl" $lan to +'.
Telln& +i,INP- +s stor" at t+e brea3fast table1 +e 8as1 of co)rse1 8ell
la)&+ed at1 b)t ben& so con2nced t+at +e co)ld &o stra&+t to t+e 8atc+1 +e
saddled a +orse and fo)nd t e#actl" as +e e#$ected to.
%ll t+e $artes concerned are 8+oll" +onest and relable. I 8ll +a2e a
detaled state'ent s8orn to f "o) 8o)ld l3e t.
7O-! E. G%LE1 G)lford1 Ver'ont.
/r. (E)res 8rtesJ
In t+e 'ont+ of /arc+ *AA=1 I1 7esse L. (E)res1 of G)lford1 n t+e
co)nt" of 6nd+a'1 and (tate of Ver'ont1 ben& t+en n t+e t8ent"Ct+rd
"ear of '" a&e1 be&an 8or3n& for T. L. 7o+nson1 a far'er l2n& n t+e
to8n aforesad.
In t+e 'ont+ of (e$te'ber follo8n&t+e e#act da" of t+e 'ont+ I do
not re'e'berI 8as abo)t one 'le fro' t+e far' b)ldn&s 8t+ a "o)n&
'an na'ed 6esle" ,a2s1 8t+ 8+o' I +ad for se2eral "ears been
acE)anted1 and 8+o +ad been 8or3n& 8t+ 'e at sad 7o+nson5s for se2eral
'ont+s1 loo3n& after so'e cattle t+at +ad stra"ed fro' a $ast)re. T+e
cattle1 e&+teen or t8ent" +ead1 8ere fo)nd n a lar&e 'o8 lot1 and seen&
)s1 started to r)n a8a" n a drecton o$$oste to t+at n 8+c+ 8e 8s+ed to
dr2e t+e'. In order to +ead off t+e cattle and t)rn t+e' bac31 ,a2s ran one
8a" and I t+e ot+er1 and 8+le r)nnn& ,a2s lost +s 8atc+ and c+an fro'
+s 2est $oc3et1 b)t dd not dsco2er +s loss )ntl e&+t or nne o5cloc3 t+at
n&+t1 8+en t 8as1 of co)rse1 too late to searc+ for t. Bele2n& t+at +e ')st
+a2e lost t+e 8atc+ 8+le en&a&ed n &ettn& t+e cattle bac3 nto t+e $ast)re1
,a2s and '"self ret)rned to t+e $lace t+e ne#t 'ornn& and loo3ed for t+e
8atc+ all t+e forenoon. !ot +a2n& an" dea of t+e $robable localt" n
8+c+ t+e 8atc+ 8as lost1 and not ben& at all certan t+at t 8as lost 8+le
after t+e cattle1 8e dd not s)cceed n fndn& t1 alt+o)&+ 8e searc+ed for t
)ntl t8el2e o5cloc3. T+e 8atc+ 8as one t+at ,a2s +ad +ad for so'e t'e1
and +e 8as ')c+ attac+ed to t1 and felt 2er" badl" abo)t +s loss. -e
8or3ed +ard for +s l2n&1 and co)ld not afford to lose t+e 8atc+1 for 8+c+
+e +ad $ad t8ent"Cf2e dollars. I felt sorr" for +'1 and t+o)&+t abo)t t+e
8atc+ contn)all" all t+e afternoon after 8e ret)rned fro' loo3n& for t1
and 8as stll t+n3n& of t 8+en I 8ent to slee$ t+at n&+t.
,)rn& '" slee$1 at 8+at +o)r I co)ld not tell1 I sa8 t+e 8atc+ as t la"
)$on t+e &ro)nd n t+e 'o8 lot1 o2er a 'le a8a". It 8as n t+e tall &rass1 at
least ten nc+es +&+. T+e face of t+e 8atc+ 8as t)rned )$1 and t+e s'all
steel c+an 8+c+ 8as attac+ed to t1 la" n a c)r2e l3e a +alf crcle. %bo)t
t+ree feet fro' t+e 8atc+ 8as a lar&e s$ot 8+ere t+e &rass +ad been cr)s+ed
and 'atted b" a creat)re l"n& do8nG abo)t ten rods to t+e nort+ 8as a br)s+
fenceG abo)t ten or t8el2e feet to t+e east8ard of t+e 8atc+ 8as a &rante
cobble stone one or t8o feet n da'eter1 8+c+ la" abo)t +alf o)t of t+e
&ro)nd. 6+en I a8o3e t+e ne#t 'ornn&1 8+c+ 8as ()nda"1 I felt as
certan t+at I co)ld &o stra&+t to t+e 8atc+ as f I +ad reall" seen t1 and told
,a2s so1 and tred to +a2e +' &o o)t and &et t. -e +ad no fat+ n '"
2son19 drea'19 or 8+ate2er t 'a" be called1 and 8o)ld not &o. In s$te
of t+e Dests and la)&+ter of t+e entre fa'l"1 I saddled a +orse and 8ent
drectl" to t+e 8atc+1 8+c+ I fo)nd 8t+ all ts s)rro)ndn&s e#actl" as I
+ad seen t. I 8as not nearer t+an fort" rods to ,a2s 8+en t+e 8atc+ 8as
lost1 as I ascertaned after t 8as fo)nd.
T+e 8atc+ +ad r)n do8n and sto$$ed1 t+e +ands $ontn& to @.<>
o5cloc31 8+c+ I also noted n '" drea'.
7. L. (X:IRE(.
+i,ING-
/r. Gale addsJ
G:IL4OR,1 VER/O!T1 2arch <th, *A@..
I +ereb" certf" t+at I +a2e 3no8n t+e abo2e 7. L. (E)res for o2er
t8ent" "ears1 and t+at I 3no8 +' to be strctl" te'$erate1 +onest1 and
tr)t+f)l. -e +as al8a"s been n t+e best of +ealt+. -e tells 'e t+at +e +as
recentl" +ad an e#$erence s'lar to t+e abo2e1 8+c+ I 8ll send "o) f "o)
8s+.Y
7O-! E. G%LE1 7)stce of t+e Peace.
+(1 B . T+e ne#t case also $onts to an e#tenson of t+e drea'er5s
$erce$ton. It s ta3en fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .*>. /r. Pod'ore1
8+o obtaned t+e acco)nt1 8roteJ
/r. 6atts1 8+o told 'e t+e ncdent ''edatel" before 8rtn& t do8n
at '" reE)est1 s E)te )nable to fnd an" e#$lanaton of t+e 'atter. -e s
E)te clear t+at +e +ad no o$$ort)nt" to tell an" one before+and1 t+at t+e
'a&e of t+e bro3en stat)e +ad act)all" co'e nto +s 'nd at t+e 'o'ent
8+en +e 8as br)s+n& +s +ar1 and t+e 2olent s+oc3 8+c+ +e see's to
+a2e felt 8+en +e sa8 +s drea' realsed s stron& e2dence t+at +e s not
'sta3en on t+s $ont.
4ro' /r. 7. -:!TER 6%TT(1 of ;@ (eet+n& Lane1 E.C.
1uy *Bth, *AA@.
I 8ll endea2o)r to co''t to $a$er t+e lttle e$sode 8+c+ I related to
"o) 2erball". %bo)t s# "ears a&o I 8as 8t+ '" brot+er Geor&e n Pars1
8+ere +e bo)&+t for so'e e&+t or ten francs a $lasterCofCPars Ven)s de
/lo9a &+astl" co$" of t+e or&nal. I $rotested a&anst t+e $)rc+ase as I
+ad to s+are t+e bot+er of brn&n& t+e t+n& +o'e1 and as t 8as so'e fo)r
or f2e feet +&+ o)r fello8Ctra2ellers 'a&ned 8e +ad 8t+ )s a cor$se
rolled )$ n $a$er. %rr2ed +o'e I 8o)ld not consent to t+e +o)se ben&
dsf&)red 8t+ t+e t+n&1 so as a co'$ro'se '" brot+er $lanted t on t+e
s)''t of a fern roc3er" n t+e corner of t+e &arden1 8+ere t stood for
'an" 'ont+s1 and I +ad for&otten ts e#stence sa2e 8+en t 8as drectl" n
s&+t. O)t of s&+t t 8as o)t of 'nd. One a)t)'n 'ornn&1 D)st after I +ad
rsen fro' bed1 I 8as co'bn& '" a'brosal loc3s before t+e loo3n&C&lass1
and I ca)&+t '"self reflectn& t+at after all t 8as a $t" t+e t+n& +ad blo8n
do8n and bro3en1 for t dd not loo3 so bad at a dstance s)rro)nded b" t+e
ferns. (tran&e too19 I t+o)&+t to '"self1 t+at t+e +ead s+o)ld be so neatl"
deca$tated1 t+o)&+ t+e fall 'ade no ot+er fract)re.9 T+en I $)lled '"self
)$ 'entall"1 for all at once t ca'e to '" 'nd t+at I +ad been drea'n&1
and I s'led to '"self t+at s)c+ a tr)'$er" t+n& s+o)ld be t+e s)bDect of
'" drea's. T+e 8+ole 'atter 8o)ld +a2e been for&otten1 8o)ld +a2e &one
to t+e l'bo of t+n&s )nre'e'bered1 b)t on &on& do8nstars to brea3fast
and fndn& t+e table not "et f)rns+ed1 I 8ent for a stroll nto t+e &arden. It
8as 8et )nder foot and a stron& 8nd 8as blo8n&. 6+en I ca'e to t+e
ferner" I &a2e a start and for a 'o'ent I stood tout ;bahi, for t+ere 8as t+e
$oor Ven)s de /lo19 t+e bod" )nbro3en1 l"n& across t+e ferns1 and t+e
+ead1 neatl" deca$tated1 n t+e 'ddle of t+e 8al31 e#actl" as I +ad seen t
n '" drea'. 4or t+e 'o'ent I 8as con2nced t+at I +ad been 8al3n& n
'" slee$ and +ad 2sted t+e &arden1 b)t t+at I fo)nd co)ld not be t+e case1
as t +ad raned all n&+t and '" &ar'ents 8o)ld +a2e been 8et t+ro)&+1
and '" feet1 +i,INH- f )ns+od1 ')dd"1 or t+er co2ern&1 f t+e" +ad an"1
defled1 8+c+ 8as not t+e case. !et+er a' I &2en to 8al3n& n '" slee$.
I +a2e ne2er done so. I 8al3ed bac3 to t+e +o)se feeln&1 to )se a 2)l&ar
$+rase1 3noc3ed all sll".9 Can t be1 I as3ed '"self and I +a2e as3ed
'"self t+e sa'e E)eston a score of t'es snce1 t+at 8+le '" bod"
'ateral sl)'bered n bed so'e ''ateral $art of '" ben& 8andered n
t+e &arden. If so1 t+at ''ateral $art of 'e +ad a re'ar3able dsre&ard for
8nd and ran.
T+e e$sode s a trfln& one1 b)t t +as often &2en 'e $a)se and t
re'ans to 'e ne#$lcable. %s "o) 3no8 I a' a Ban3 -olda" sort of
"o)n& 'an1 not &2en to da"Cdrea's.
7. -:!TER 6%TT(.
In ans8er to t+e nE)r" 8+et+er t+e stat)e co)ld +a2e been seen fro'
+s bedroo' 8ndo81 or fro' an" ot+er 8ndo8 n t+e +o)se1 /r. -)nter
6atts sa"sJ !o1 '$ossbleG onl" b" stretc+n& t+e +ead o)t of 8ndo8
anot+er sde of +o)sefro' roo's occ)$ed b" lades.9
% lad" to 8+o' /r. 6atts related t+e drea' corroborates as follo8sJ
<? -:!GER4OR, RO%,1 C%/,E! RO%,1 !.
August @th.
%ll I can at all re'e'ber abo)t t+e Ven)s s t+at /r. 6atts told )s one
'ornn& t+at a stran&e t+n& +ad +a$$ened1 +e +a2n& drea't t+at t+e stat)e
+ad been deca$tated1 and on &on& nto t+e &arden +e fo)nd t 8as so1 and
t+at t+e +ead of t+e Ven)s +ad been c)t clean off1 and +ad rolled on to t+e
$at+ fro' t+e f&)re1 8+c+ +ad been $laced n t+e roc3er" a'on& t+e ferns.
-e 8as 2er" ')c+ astons+ed1 as t+e drea' 8as 22d1 and +e sa8 t+e
+eadless stat)e as +e +ad seen t n +s drea'. 6e co)ld ne2er e#$lan +o8
t +a$$ened1 t+e +ead ben& as t 8ere c)t off.
/. %,%/(.
+(1 C . %&an t+s E)asCnstnct2e 3no8led&e1 realsed on a8a3n&
fro' slee$1 of t+e ')tlaton of a secl)ded stat)e 'a" be co'$ared 8t+
cases 8+ere a seer beco'es a8are of t+e $oston of a dead bod"1
so'et'es of no s$ecal nterest to +'self.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;=?.
T+e follo8n& case 8as borro8ed or&nall" fro' t+e 7eigio,
&hiosophica 1ourna, 8+c+ descrbed t as follo8sJ
% $ro'nent C+ca&o Do)rnalst states Ln t+e C+ca&o TimesM t+at +s
8fe as3ed +' one 'ornn& 8+le stll en&a&ed n dressn&1 and before
et+er of t+e' +ad left t+er slee$n&Croo'1 f +e 3ne8 an" one na'ed
Edsale or Esdale. % ne&at2e re$l" 8as &2en1 and t+en a H6+" do "o) as3WI
(+e re$ledJ H,)rn& t+e n&+t I drea'ed t+at I 8as on t+e la3e s+ore1 and
fo)nd a coffn t+ere 8t+ t+e na'e of Edsale or Esdale on t1 and I a'
confdent t+at so'e one of t+at na'e +as recentl" been dro8ned t+ere.I On
o$enn& t+e 'ornn& $a$er1 t+e frst te' t+at attracted +s attenton 8as t+e
re$ort of t+e '"stero)s dsa$$earance fro' +s +o'e n -"de Par3 of a
"o)n& 'an na'ed Esdale. % fe8 da"s after8ards t+e bod" of a "o)n& 'an
8as fo)nd on t+e la3e s+ore.9
In ans8er to ,r. -od&son5s nE)res1 t+e late Colonel B)nd"1 8+o 8as
t+en edtor of t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna, 8roteJ
+i,INI-
I +a2e 3no8n t+e &entle'an and +s 8fe 'entoned n case !o. *>1 b"
re$)taton1 for so'e ffteen "ears1 and $ersonall" for s# "ears. I obtaned
fro' eac+ of t+e' a re$ort of t+e case 8+en frst $)bls+ed1 October *<t+1
*AA?1 and eac+ sad t+at t+e state'ent 8as tr)e as $)bls+ed n t+e C+ca&o
Times of t+at date. I sa8 bot+ of t+e' (e$te'ber .;rd L*AAAM1 D)st $ror to
$)bls+n& t+e re$ort1 and read t to t+e'G eac+ declared t to be a tr)e re$ort
of t+e occ)rrence. %fter rece$t of /r. -od&son5s letter I called to see 8+at
f)rt+er nfor'aton t+e" co)ld f)rns+ n re&ard to t+e ot+er $onts
'entoned t+eren. %fter readn& t+e letter1 t+e &entle'an1 8+o s /r. 4ranc
B. 6l3e1 t+e 8ellC3no8n edtoral 8rter1 and Pol)to9 of t+e C+ca&o
Times, at once 2ol)nteered t+e follo8n& state'entJ
C-IC%GO1 <ctober .Bth, *AAA.
In October *AA?1 I 8as one of t+e edtoral 8rters on t+e C+ca&o
Times, and 8rote t+e te' referred to. I a' t+e nd2d)al 'entoned t+eren.
T+e date of t+e occ)rrence 8as abo)t a 8ee3 $ror to t+e date of t+e re$ort
n t+e Times. I dd not 'a3e an" 8rtten 'e'orand)' on t+e da" t
occ)rredG as t+e concdence 8as so stron& and dstnctl" 'ar3ed1 t 'ade
s)c+ an ndelble '$resson on '" 'nd1 I dd not for&et an" of t+e detals
d)rn& t+e t'e $ror to 8rtn& t+e te'. T+e na'e 8as one )n3no8n to 'e
$re2o)s to seen& t n t+e C+ca&o *aiy Ne#s t+e 'ornn& referred to. I
+ad not seen an" reference to t+e dsa$$earance before t+at 'ornn&. /"
8fe sad at t+e t'e1 and stll sa"s1 t+at s+e +ad ne2er seen t+e na'e1 or
+eard n an" 8a"1 of t+e dsa$$earance. I 8as1 of co)rse1 on t+e loo3Co)t for
an" re$ort of t+e ret)rn of t+e "o)n& 'an1 or of t+e fndn& of +s bod"1 and
sa8 t+e acco)nt of t+e fndn& of t+e bod" n t+e C+ca&o $a$ers a fe8 da"s
after t+e a$$earance of t+e frst te' n re&ard to +s dsa$$earanceG and t+en
8rote t+e te' for t+e Times of October *<t+. I +ad at t+e t'e caref)ll"
e#a'ned t+e case n all ts bearn&s1 and alt+o)&+ I 'a" not a&ree 8t+ t+e
2aro)s e#$lanatons or t+eores t+at '&+t be offered n re&ard to t1 I &a2e
t as a c)ro)s concdence and one t+at I 3ne8 to be tr)e.
4R%!C B. 6ILRIE.
To 8+c+ /rs. 6l3e adds t+e follo8n&J
-a2n& read t+e fore&on& state'ent1 I 8s+ to certf" to ts tr)t+. T+e
drea' 8as t+e ca)se of consderable co''ent for t+e fe8 da"s follo8n&1
as to t+e 2aro)s feat)res of t+e case1 and 8+et+er t+e drea' 8o)ld be
2erfed. /" $re2o)s $resent'ents +ad been 8t+ reference to nt'ate
frends1 8+c+ 'ade t+s one a$$ear t+e 'ore 'ar3ed1 and ca)sed /r.
6l3e to e#a'ne t+e 'atter 'ore caref)ll" n all ts detals.
T+e resdence of t+e "o)n& 'an 8as e&+t 'les fro' o)r +o'e. I a'
not a8are t+at 8e +a2e e2er 3no8n an" of t+e "o)n& 'an5s frends1 or an"
one 8+o 3ne8 +'G and a' certan t+at +ad t+e fact of +s dsa$$earance
been 'entoned n '" +earn& $ror to t+e 'ornn& after t+e drea'1 I s+o)ld
+a2e re'e'bered t+e na'e1 for I dstnctl" re'e'bered t+at t see'ed
$ec)lar to 'e 8+en I sa8 t n a$$arentl" lar&e sl2er letters on t+e coffn.
/R(. 4R%!C B. 6ILRIE.
In t+e C+ca&o *aiy Ne#s of t+e 'ornn& of 6ednesda"1 October =t+1
*AA?1 a$$eared t+e follo8n&J
6. E. Esdale1 n t+e e'$lo" of Robert 6arren & Co.1 co''sson
'erc+ants n t+e Ro"al Ins)rance B)ldn&1 and resdn& at <?.; 6oodla8n
+i,INJ- %2en)e1 Ren8ood1 +as been 'ssn& snce last 4rda" 'ornn&. /r.
Esdale s a Canadan1 )n'arred1 and t8ent"Cse2en "ears of a&e. -s fa'l"
resdes at /ontreal. -e +as been restn& fro' b)sness d)rn& t+e last 8ee31
and +as s$ent ')c+ of +s t'e strolln& alon& t+e la3e s+ore. %s +s
acco)nts are all r&+t1 and t+ere s no ass&nable reason for +s
dsa$$earance1 +s frends fear t+at +e +as co''tted s)cde. O2er8or31 t
s t+o)&+t1 and an nD)r" to +s s3)ll1 rece2ed so'e "ears a&o1 'a" $ossbl"
+a2e bro)&+t on nsant". T+e $olce are searc+n& for +'.
T+e follo8n& f)rt+er e2dence 8as obtanedJ
T+e records n t+e Coroner5s offce for Coo3 Co)nt"1 Ill.1 s+o8 t+at
nE)est !o. @<* 8as +eld on October *>t+1 *AA?1 on t+e bod" of 6'. E.
Esdale1 dro8ned October .nd1 n La3e /c+&an1 8+et+er b" accdent or
ot+er8se t+e D)r" 8ere )nable to deter'ne.
/r. Robert 6arren1 of t+e abo2eCna'ed fr' of Robert 6arren & Co.1
sa"s t+at +e landed n !e8 Yor3 on +s ret)rn fro' a tr$ to En&land on
/onda"1 October ?t+1 *AA?1 and reac+ed C+ca&o1 6ednesda"1 P./.1
October =t+G t+at +e dd not +ear of t+e dsa$$earance of /r. Esdale )ntl
+e reac+ed +o'e1 and 3no8s of no $)blc anno)nce'ent of t+e
dsa$$earance $ror to t+at n t+e Ne#s of October =t+G t+at1 +ad t+ere been
an"1 +e 8o)ld 2er" l3el" +a2e +eard of t bet8een !e8 Yor3 and C+ca&o1
as +e 8as on t+e loo3Co)t for ne8s fro' C+ca&o.
/r. 6ard1 8+o +ad c+ar&e of /r. 6arren5s b)sness d)rn& +s absence1
sa"s t+at +e 8as nfor'ed of /r. Esdale5s dsa$$earance on 4rda" e2enn&1
October .nd. On (at)rda"1 %./.1 +e e#a'ned t+e $a$ers1 &c.1 fo)nd n t+e
"o)n& 'an5s roo'G fo)nd no e2dence of s)cdal ntent1 b)t ndcatons t+at
+e 8as not n +s r&+t 'nd1 and concl)dn& t+at +e '&+t +a2e 8andered
off1 a detect2e 8as e'$lo"ed to searc+ for +'. T+e 'atter 8as 3e$t 2er"
E)et1 so as to $re2ent $)blcaton of sensatonal re$orts t+at 8o)ld alar'
+s frends1 and also render t )n$leasant for t+e "o)n& 'an s+o)ld +e be
fo)nd. /r. 6ard s not a8are t+at an" anno)nce'ent of t+e 'atter 8as
'ade n an" $a$ers before t+e te' n t+e Ne#s of October =t+. T+e" 8ere
follo8n& on t+e trac3 of a "o)n& 'an1 8+ose descr$ton corres$onded
so'e8+at 8t+ t+at of /r. Esdale1 8+o +ad been seen at t+e 8ater8or3s of
-"de Par3 (and Ren8ood)1 and t+en +ad tra2elled aro)nd t+e end of La3e
/c+&an nto Indana1 and 8ere e#$ectn& to fnd +' 2er" soon1 8+en on
(at)rda" 'ornn&1 October *>t+1 notce 8as rece2ed t+at t+e bod" of
Esdale +ad been fo)nd on t+e la3e s+ore near +s +o'e.
In referrn& to t+e 'atter1 t+e C+ca&o Tribune of (at)rda"1 October
*>t+1 *AA?1 sa"sJ It 8ll be seen t+at t+e detect2es are on a 8ar' tral and
8ll $robabl" o2erta3e t+e "o)n& 'an1 8+o s bele2ed to be nsanel"
8andern& abo)t 8t+o)t a' or $)r$ose.9 LT+ere 8as t+)s no &eneral belef
t+at +e +ad been dro#ned.M
% C+ca&o re$orter1 8+o resdes at Ren8ood1 and 8as acE)anted 8t+
Esdale1 sa"s t+at +e frst +eard of t+e dsa$$earance t+ro)&+ t+e sc+ool
c+ldren1 8+o sad t+at t+e teac+er +ad told t+e' t+at /r. Esdale 8as
'ssn&1 and reE)ested t+e' to tell t+er $arents1 and as3 f an" one +ad seen
+'. T+e re$orter1 3no8n& /r. 6ard1 called on +' to obtan t+e
$artc)lars for $)blcaton1 b)t /r. 6ard obDected1 sa"n& t+at /r. 6arren
+ad been a8a" for t'eG t+at /r. Esdale +ad been $ractcall" n c+ar&e of
t+e affars of t+e +i,INK- fr'G t+at /r. 6arren +ad D)st landed n !e8
Yor31 and a $)blc anno)nce'ent of t+e 'atter n t+e $a$ers 8o)ld ca)se
+' )nnecessar" alar'. T+e re$orter sa"s t+at t+e te' n t+e $a$ers1
6ednesda"1 October =t+1 8as t+e frst $)blc anno)nce'ent of t+e 'atter.
+(1 D . In t+e follo8n& case1 t+e drea' con2e"s nfor'aton
concernn& $ast b)sness transactons1 entrel" )n3no8n to t+e drea'er1 and
8+c+1 +ad t+e drea' been tr)e1 '&+t +a2e sero)sl" affected +s nterests.
B)t t+e facts are so $resented as to be 8+oll" 'sleadn&G and n a 8a" n
8+c+ no ot+er ass&nable ntell&ence ()nless t 8ere a for&etf)l drea' of
t+e deceased debtor5s or of t+e satsfed credtor5s) 8o)ld +a2e been l3el" to
+a2e $resented t+e'. T+e drea'1 +o8e2er1 'a" +a2e conce2abl"
or&nated n t+e drea'er5s s)bl'nal $erce$ton of t+e a'o)nt n t+e
led&er.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <>;. T+e acco)nt 8as or&nall"
addressed to Professor 7a'es.
L%6 O44ICE( O4 -. & P.1
!E6 ORLE%!(1 1anuary Nth, *A@<.
/Y ,E%R (IR1In /a" *AA@ I +ad $)rc+ased t+e resdence $ro$ert"
8+ere I no8 l2e1 and of co)rse +ad loo3ed nto t+e ttle1 as to con2e"ances
and lens. T+s 8or3 8as concl)ded1 8+en one n&+t I drea'ed t+s drea'.
I 8as 8al3n& t+ro)&+ t+e b)sness $art of t+e ct"1 and 'et o)r s+erff1
8+o sad1 I a' &on& to sell t+at +o)se and lot1 corner of .nd and C+estn)t
(treets1 for t+e cla' of R. / 2. 7. C1 for <<B.?> dols.9 I 8as
anno"ed1 of co)rse1 t+n3n& t+at t+ere '&+t +a2e been so'e 'sta3e n t+e
searc+ for D)d&'ent lensand t+en I 8o3e )$.
7. C +ad been a for'er o8ner. On '" 8a" do8n to '" offce ne#t
'ornn& I sto$$ed to see +s son1 6. C1+s s)ccessor n b)sness1
and as a 3nd of Do3e1 told +' '" drea'. %s I told +' +s face len&t+ened
2sbl"1 and 8t+o)t sa"n& an"t+n&1 +e 8ent to +s led&er1 and after
loo3n& at t sad1 Yo) 'ade a sl&+t 'sta3e n f&)rest 8as <<<.?>
dols.9and t+en1 8t+ a sort of a8e1 contn)ed1 B)t 8t+ t+e nterest1
f&)red +ere n $encl1 t 8as D)st <<B.?> dols.9 I s+o)ld add t+at 7. C
+ad been e'barrassed before +s deat+1 b)t +ad settled )$ +s debts1 so I +ad
no tro)ble. !o81 +ad t+e cla' been s)ed on1 t+e s+erff and len $art of '"
drea' +ad no tr)t+1 b)t t+e debt and a'o)nt 8ere $recse. I 3ne8 R. /
2er" 8ell1 b)t ne2er assocated +' n an" 8a" 8t+ 7. C1 nor +ad t+e
sl&+test reason1 t+at I can recall1 to s)s$ect t+at C +ad e2er +ad an"
dealn&s 8t+ /1 C ben& n cotton9 and / n s)&ar.9
6. 6. -O6E.
In ans8er to Professor 7a'es5 nE)res1 t+e follo8n& letter 8as
rece2edJ
!o. ?< :!IO! (TREET1 !E6 ORLE%!(1
2arch *<th, *A@<.
PRO4E((OR 6ILLI%/ 7%/E(1,E%R (IR1Yo)r fa2o)r of t+e *>t+
nst. s at +and1 and n re$l"J T+e occ)rrence referred to 8as certanl" E)te
startln&1 and t 8as abo)t as follo8sJ
T+e +ers of '" fat+er1 deceased1 +ad sold a $ro$ert" +ere to 7)d&e 6.
6. -1 and so'e t'e after t+e sale +ad been $assed and co'$leted and
$)rc+ase +i,INL- $rce $ad1 7)d&e - called at o)r offce one 'ornn&
and sad t+at +e +ad +ad a drea' ($robabl" t+e n&+t before) 8+c+ +ad
anno"ed +' a lttle1 alt+o)&+ +e 8as not ds$osed to attac+ an" '$ortance
to t1 b)t s'$l" to satsf" a notC)nderstood desre to do so1 +e +ad co'e
aro)nd to 'enton t to 'e1 and t 8as t+sJ
T+at +s drea' 8as t+at1 not8t+standn& +s caref)l researc+ of t+e ttle
of t+e $ro$ert" and t+at all enc)'brances fo)nd +ad been re'o2ed1 t+ere
+ad been $resented to +' for $a"'ent a D)d&'ent obtaned b" /r. R. /
for an a'o)nt 8+c+ +e s$ecfed n dollars and cents. I re'ar3ed to
+' t+at t 8as 2er" re'ar3able ndeed t+at t+at a'o)nt 8o)ld 2ar" 2er"
lttle fro' 8+at a lablt" 8o)ld +a2e been to /r. / +ad t not been
$ad1 and +ad dra8n nterest to t+at date. I referred to data and co'$)ted t+e
nterest1 and 8as1 as sad before1 E)te startled to fnd t+at t+ere 8as no
dfference bet8een t+e f&)res 'entoned b" +' and 8+at I fo)nd t+e
lablt" to /r. / 8o)ld +a2e been1 +ad t not been $ad off. I re&ret
2er" ')c+ t+at I dd not 'a3e 'e'orand)' of t+s a'o)nt1 and t+e date1 so
t+at t '&+t +a2e been &2en "o) e#$lctl" and defntel"1 b)t dd not1 and
8t+o)t 3no8n& t+e date1 I cannot &2e e2en a$$ro#'atel" t+e a'o)nt
'entoned.
I told t+e 7)d&e1 +o8e2er1 t+at t+ere 8as an nacc)rac" n t+e drea'1 and
t+at 8as t+at /r. /5s cla' +ad ne2er &one to D)d&'ent1 nor +ad t+ere
been an" le&al contenton or contest abo)t t1 b)t t+at t 8as a lablt" t+at
+ad been settled n t+e re&)lar co)rse of b)sness at t+e $ro$er t'e.
6/. -. C-%44E.
+(1 E . T+e ne#t case s a&an e#$lcable on t+e s)$$oston t+at t+e
s)bl'nal self of t+e drea'er $erce2ed t+e $ostons of t+e 2essels and
&a2e t+e 8arnn&. /r. Br&+ten s 3no8n to /r. Pod'ore18+o conc)rs n
8+at a$$ears to be t+e est'ate &enerall" for'ed of t+at &entle'an1 na'el"1
t+at +e s a s+re8d1 )n'a&nat2e1 $ractcal 'an. T+e acco)nt s ta3en fro'
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <>>. /r. Br&+ten 8rtesJ
%RGYLE -O:(E1 (O:T-E!,CO!C(E%1
*ecember Bth, *AA<.
I o8ned a ;?Cton sc+ooner1 and n %)&)st *A=B1 n 2er" cal' 8eat+er1 I
dro$$ed anc+or n t+e T+a'es at t+e !ort+ s+ore1 o$$oste Gra2esend1 as t
8as '$ossble to &et to t+e ot+er sde1 t+ere ben& no 8nd.
T+e c)rrent ben& e#ceedn&l" s8ft at t+at $art 8e let o)t $lent" of
c+an cable before &on& to bed. I +ad ca$tan and cre8 of t+ree 'en on
board1 besdes 2stors. To8ards 'ornn& I fo)nd '"self a8a3e n '"
(o8ner5s) cabn 8t+ t+e 8ords rn&n& n '" ears1 6a3e1 a8a3e1 "o)5ll be
r)n do8n.9 I 8ated a fe8 'o'ents1 t+en dro$$ed off to slee$1 b)t 8as
a&an a8a3ened b" t+e sa'e 8ords rn&n& n '" ears. :$on t+s I les)rel"
$)t on so'e clot+es and 8ent on dec3 and fo)nd t+e tde r)s+n& $ast 2er"
s8ftl"1 and t+at 8e 8ere en2elo$ed n a dense fo&1 and all 8as cal' and
E)et n t+e earl" 'ornn&1 and t+ere 8as alread" so'e da"l&+t. I $aced t+e
dec3 once or t8ce1 t+en 8ent belo81 )ndressed1 &ot nto '" bert+1 and fell
aslee$1 onl" to be a&an a8a3ened b" t+e sa'e 8ords. I t+en so'e8+at
'ore +astl" dressed1 8ent on dec31 and cl'bed so'e 8a" )$ t+e r&&n& to
&et abo2e t+e fo&1 and 8as soon n a br&+t1 clear at'os$+ere1 8t+ t+e fo&
l3e a sea at '" feet1 8+en loo3n& +i,INM- ro)nd I sa8 a lar&e 2essel
bearn& do8n drectl" )$on )s. I fell1 rat+er t+an scra'bled1 o)t of t+e
r&&n&1 r)s+ed to t+e forecastle1 s+o)ted to t+e ca$tan1 8+o r)s+ed on
dec31 e#$laned all n a 8ord or t8oG +e ran to t+e tller1 )nlas+ed t1 $)t t
+ard a$ortJ t+e s8ft c)rrent actn& )$on t+e r)dder ca)sed t+e boat to sle8
across and )$8ard n t+e c)rrent1 8+en on ca'e t+e lar&e 2essel $assn& o)r
sde1 and t 8o)ld +a2e cleared )s1 b)t +er anc+or 8+c+ s+e 8as carr"n&
(+a2n& lfted t n conseE)ence of +a2n& +ea2ed anc+or at lo8 tde 8t+
2er" lttle cable) ca)&+t n o)r c+an1 8+en s+e s8)n& ro)nd and ca'e
alon&sde1 fort)natel"1 +o8e2er1 don& )s 2er" lttle da'a&e. I at once
D)'$ed on +er dec3 and 8o3e )$ so'e 'en 8+o a$$eared on dec3 n
2aro)s sta&es of nto#caton1 8+o st)$dl" 8anted to re'an as t+e" 8ere1
b)t b" dnt of coa#n& and t+reatenn& n t)rn I nd)ced t+e' to ta3e so'e
t)rns at t+er ca$stan1 8+c+ +ad t+e effect of freen& t+er anc+or fro' '"
c+an1 and s+e soon left )s and dro$$ed +er anc+or a lttle lo8er do8n. I at
once narrated t+e abo2e facts to t+e ca$tan1 and ne#t da" nfor'ed '"
2stors of t+e 2oce to 8+c+ 8e all o8ed o)r $reser2aton. I cannot t+n3
t+at t 8as reall" a +)'an 2oce1 as n conseE)ence of t+e fo& no one co)ld
+a2e seen t+e relat2e $oston of t+e 2essels1 and no ot+er 2essels 8ere near
)s 8t+n +alf a 'le or 'ore. /" 2stors at once desred 'e to ret)rn to
Green+t+e1 and dscontn)ed t+er tr$.
6/. E. BRIG-TE!.
I 8as one of t+e 2stors on t+e occason abo2e referred to1 and /r.
Br&+ten related t+e occ)rrence to )s on t+e follo8n& da".
ROBERT P%RRER.
+(1 F . T+e ne#t case s analo&o)s to t+e $recedn& one1 and 'a" also
be e#$laned b" s)$$osn& t+at t+e s)bl'nal self of t+e drea'er +ad so'e
$erce$ton of t+e sc+ooner and t+e s+$8rec3ed cre8. It s E)oted fro'
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ?=>. It s not E)te clear +o8 ')c+ of
Ca$tan (cott5s narrat2e 8as ta3en fro' conte'$orar" notes1 and $robabl"
no f)rt+er e2dence co)ld be obtaned as to t+s no8.
*ocument (.4ro' Bs+o$ -ale.
2arch @th, *A@..
T+e colon" of 6estern %)strala (called at t+e t'e t+e (8an R2er
(ettle'ent) 8as fo)nded n *A.@. Ca$tan (cott ')st +a2e &one t+ere 2er"
s+ortl" after t+at $erod.
In t+e "ear *A<A1 I ben& t+en %rc+deacon of %delade1 8ent to 6estern
%)strala n attendance )$on t+e Bs+o$ of %delade. Ca$tan (cott s+o8ed
&reat readness to assst t+e Bs+o$1 and bot+ +e and I rece2ed fro' +'
'an" acts of 3ndness.
-e1 one da"1 told 'e abo)t +s drea's and t+e crc)'stances connected
t+ere8t+. -e told t all 8t+ s)c+ an'aton and s)c+ 2ar"n& e#$ressons
of face t+at +e &a2e one t+e dea t+at t+e t+n&s +e s$o3e of 8ere $assn&
22dl" before +s 'nd5s e"e as +e descrbed t+e'.
I 8as1 of co)rse1 &reatl" str)c3 b" t+e narrat2e1 and sad I s+o)ld l3e
2er" ')c+ ndeed to +a2e t n 8rtn&. -e sad at once t+at I s+o)ld +a2e tG
+e 8o)ld +a2e t+e co$" of +s lo&1 8+c+ +e +ad b" +'1 transcrbed for 'e.
I rece2ed t+e /(. a fe8 da"s after8ards.
-s last llness 8as a lon& and 8earso'e one1 and t+e old 'an 8as
$leased 8+en an" frend 8o)ld loo3 n and st 8t+ +' for a t'e. I 8as +i,
INN- t+en Bs+o$ of t+e ,ocese1 and I 8as a8are t+at t+e cler&"'an of +s
$ars+ (4re'antle)1 /r. Bostoc31 8as n t+e +abt of so'et'es ta3n& +s
seat b" t+e old 'an5s bedsde1 n addton to t+e $erfor'ance of t+e )s)al
de2otonal ser2ces.
I ne2er +ad )$on '" o8n 'nd t+e sl&+test do)bt abo)t t+e tr)t+ of t+e
narrat2e1 b)t I 8as E)te a8are t+at so'e $ersons to 8+o' I '&+t c+ance
to s+o8 t '&+t feel do)btf)l abo)t t1 and t occ)rred to 'e t+at /r.
Bostoc35s frendl" 2sts to t+e old 'an afforded an e#cellent o$$ort)nt" for
&ettn& so'e declaraton s)c+ as t+at 8+c+ +e dd obtan.
/%T-E6 B. -%LE (Bs+o$).
*ocument ((.Ca$tan (cott5s %cco)nt.
1une *>th, *A.?.
On t+e n&+t of t+e =t+ of 7)ne I drea'ed t+at I sa8 a sc+ooner1 and
a$$arentl" 8aterClo&&ed1 8t+ se2eral 'en n +er and a blac3 'an a'on&
t+e'. On t+e At+ I drea'ed t+e sa'e and &ot )$ and started t+e 'ate )$
aloft. I sta"ed on dec3 )ntl da"l&+t. On t+e @t+ t+e sa'e drea' occ)rred.
Got )$ and altered t+e s+$5s co)rse1 +a2n& $assed bet8een G)adelo)$e
and %nt&)a1 t+e da" $re2o)s1 and at A P./. +ea2" sE)alls 8t+ +ea2"
t+)nder and l&+tnn&G s+ortened sal. ,a"l&+t 'ade all sal1 fne $leasant
8eat+er. On t+e *>t+1 at A o5cloc31 altered t+e s+$5s co)rse fro' 6.(.6. to
(.6. t8o $onts for t+e $)r$ose of ascertann& t+e tr)e $oston of t+e Brd
Islands1 or to see f t+ese reall" e#sted (as on '" c+art t 8as 'ar3ed
do)btf)l). I 8as at t+s t'e 2er" )neas" n '" 'nd1 s)$$osn& t+at
so'et+n& 8as &on& to +a$$en to '" s+$. I +ad related '" drea' to '"
'ate and $assen&ers1 ,on 7ose$+ (e2arra1 7o+n Pon&estre and 6lla'
Rc+enb)r&1 EsE)res1 'erc+ants at Cart+a&ena1 8+o 8rote t+e
crc)'stances to t+e -)'ane (ocet" and to t+er +o)se n London.
On t+e 'ornn& of t+e *>t+1 at @.; %./.1 8e 8ere all at brea3fastG t+e
offcer on dec3 called do8n t+e s3"l&+t and sad t+at a sE)all 8as co'n&. I
''edatel" re$ared on dec3 to ta3e n t+e s'all sals. On loo3n& astern
t+e s+$ 8+ere t+e sE)all 8as co'n& fro'1 8e sa8 a boat 8t+ a lar&e fla&
fl"n& on an oar1 and a 'an standn& )$ n t+e bo8 +oldn& t. I ''edatel"
+o2e t+e s+$ to and too3 n all st)ddn& and s'all sals. /" 'en t+at 8ere
aloft f)rln& ro"als sad t+at t+e" co)ld see a n)'ber of 'en and t+at t+e"
t+o)&+t t 8as a $rate. One of t+e 'en stated t+at 8as D)st t+e 8a" t+at +e
8as ta3en t+e "ear $re2o)s n t+e sa'e seas. /" $assen&ers and offcers
t+en reE)ested 'e to 3ee$ t+e s+$ a8a"1 8+c+ I dd1 t+e" statn& t+at f
t+e" s+o)ld t)rn o)t to be $rates1 I s+o)ld not reco2er '" ns)rance for '"
s+$. I t+en 3e$t +er a8a" )nder +er reefed sals and 8ent do8n to
brea3fast. %fter '" entern& '" cabn1 I felt 2er" )neas" and ret)rned to t+e
stateCroo'. I''edatel" '" drea' ca'e forcbl" n '" 'nd. I t+en $)t
t8o $stols and '" c)tlass b" '" sde and 8ent on dec31 called all +ands on
dec31 and a&an +o2e t+e s+$ to and desred /r. Pon&estre to ta3e t+e
8+eel and steer t+e s+$. I t+en ordered t+e frst offcer to lo8er +s boat
do8n and &o and see 8+at t+e boat 8as. I t+en ordered t+e &)ns to be
loaded1 'ade sal1 and 'ade a tac3 to8ards t+e boats. On '" co'n& )$
8t+ t+e'1 fo)nd t+at '" 'ate +ad ta3en t+e ca$tan and +s 'en o)t of t+e
boat and ta3en t+e' nto +s1 Ca$tan 7ellard5s boat +a2n& a &reat E)antt"
+i,INO- of 8ater n1 2er" nearl" )$ to t+e t+8arts1 also a lar&e s+ar31 and +ad
+er n to8.
%fter &ettn& Ca$tan 7ellard on board1 and +s 'en1 8+o 8ere n a 2er"
8ea3 state1 not able to s$ea3 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of t+e blac3 'an1 fro' +'
I &ot all t+e $artc)lars1 as follo8sJ It a$$eared t+at t+e" belon&ed to t+e
sc+ooner 1ames 'ambeton, of Grenada1 fro' %'erca1 bo)nd to Grenada1
and ben& s+ort of 8ater1 +a2n& a 2er" lon& $assa&e t+ro)&+ l&+t 8nds1
8ere &on& on s+ore for 8ater on t+e Island of (ants1 t t+en ben& cal'.
%fter lea2n& t+er s+$ a l&+t breeNe s$ran& )$ and t+e sc+ooner 3e$t +er
&ro)nd1 b)t t+e boat $)lln& n a dfferent drecton and t+e c)rrent r)nnn&
so stron& t+at t+e boat5s cre8 beca'e E)te e#+a)sted. T+at at da"l&+t t+e"
+ad t+e 'ortfcaton of seen& t+e sc+ooner ns+ore of t+e' as far as t+e"
co)ld see fro' t+e boat1 t+e boat stll drftn& fart+er fro' land and s+$
)ntl t+e" lost s&+t of +er alto&et+er. T+e follo8n& da" t+e" +ad a 2er"
dreadf)l t'e of tG t ble8 a +ea2" &ale1 8t+ t+)nder and l&+tnn&G t+e"
+ad to 'a3e fast t+e oars1 'ast1 and sal to t+e $anter of t+e boat1 and let t+e
boat drft to brea3 off t+e sea t+at 8as r)nnn&. ,)rn& all t+s t'e t+e" +ad
no 8ater or an"t+n& to eat. T+e follo8n& da" 8as nearl" cal'1 2er" l&+t
8nds and a +ot scorc+n& s)nJ ben& n t+e latt)de of *B .*k1 lon&t)de
B; *<k1 t+er s)ffern&s 8ere 2er" &reat all da". Bot+ ca$tan and 'en tore
t+er clot+es off t+er bac3s and $o)red 8ater on t+e'sel2es to 3ee$ t+e'
cool. On t+e 'ornn& t+at I dsco2ered t+e' t+e blac3 'an a$$ealed to +s
God1 sa"n&1 If God +ear blac3 'an as 8ell as 8+te 'an1 $ra" send 'e
fs+ or s+ar3 for 'assa to eat1 no let +' de.9 T+e allC'ercf)l 4at+er +eard
+s $ra"ers and sent +' a lar&e s+ar31 8+c+ 8as l"n& n t+e boat on +er
ben& bro)&+t alon&sde1 of 8+c+ t+e" +ad dr)n3 t+e blood and eaten $art
of t+e fles+. I ''edatel" 3noc3ed n t+e +ead of a 8aterC$)nc+eon and
'ade t+e' a 8ar' bat+ and $)t t+e' se2erall" nto t for t+e $)r$ose of
cooln& t+e' and &ettn& so'e $arts of t+er s+rts off t+er s3n 8+c+ 8ere
stc3n& to t+er bac3s1 t+er s3n ben& all blstered 8t+ t+e s)n and salt
8ater. I &a2e t+e' a lttle tea to 'osten t+er 'o)t+s e2er" fe8 'n)tes1
)ntl so'e of t+e' $ra"ed for food and as3ed for so'e bsc)tG and &a2e
t+e' rceC8ater and barle"C8ater occasonall". %fter a &ood slee$ Ca$tan
7ellard sent for 'e belo8 and 8s+ed to s$ea3 to 'e. On searc+n& +s
$oc3ets to see f t+e blac3 'an +ad told t+e tr)t+ abo)t +s s+$1 I fo)nd +s
re&ster and 'anfest of +s car&o. T+s satsfed 'e all 8as correct1 and t+at
t+e" 8ere not $rates. ,)rn& o)r con2ersaton I fo)nd t+at I +ad been n
co'$an" 8t+ Ca$tan 7ellard n (t. 7o+n5s1 !e8fo)ndland1 n t+e "ear
*A*<1 +e t+en co''andn& a fne sc+ooner called t+e Catch 2e Dho Can,
belon&n& to ($)r"ar & Co.1 of Cool.
In a fe8 da"s t+e" all ca'e ro)nd. I &a2e t+e' )$ to t+e Brts+ Cons)l
at Cart+a&ena and reE)ested +' to lose no t'e to send t+e' on1 as 8e
feared t+at so'et+n& 8o)ld be bro)&+t a&anst t+e 'ate of t+e sc+ooner1
Ca$tan 7ellard +a2n& all +s $a$ers 8t+ +'. On '" arr2al n En&land1 I
fo)nd t+at Ca$tan 7ellard onl" arr2ed t+ere t+ree da"s $re2o)s to t+e
e#ec)ton of +s 'ate and re'ann& t+ree 'en1 t+e" +a2n& been tred for
')rdern& t+er ca$tan and t+e ot+er t+ree 'en. -ad not t+e Cons)l sent
t+e' o2er n t+e $ac3et to 7a'aca1 and reE)ested t+e ad'ral to send t+e'
)$ to Grenada 8t+ all des$atc+1 t+ese fo)r $oor so)ls 8o)ld +a2e lost t+er
l2es nnocentl".
L(&nedM ,%!IEL (COTT1
Co''andn& t+e Br& <cean fro' Llle&bleM bo)nd to
Cart+a&ena.
+i,IOP-
I1 Geor&e 7a'es Bostoc31 C+a$lan of 4re'antle1 6. %)strala1 do
+ereb" certf" t+at I attended ,anel (cott n +s last llness1 4ebr)ar" *AB?1
8+eren +e re$eated t+e s)bstance of t+e abo2e as 'ost sole'nl" tr)e1 and
ascrbed t+e 8+ole e2ent to t+e drect &)dance of an o2erCr)ln&
Pro2dence.
L(&nedM GEORGE 7. BO(TOCR.
@l?l*AB?.
L6e +a2e endea2o)red to trace t+e lo&Cboo3 referred to n Bs+o$ -ale5s
letter1 b)t 8t+o)t s)ccess. InE)res +a2e been 'ade t+ro)&+ Llo"d5s
(+$$n& %&enc" and t+e Board of Trade1 b)t no lo& dated as far bac3 as
*A.? can be $rod)cedG t 8as not tll *A?< t+at tradn& 2essels 8ere
co'$elled to render offcal lo&Cboo3s.M
+(1 G . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *<>. T+e follo8n&
state'ent of e#$erences b" /ss L)3e 8as sent to )s b" ,r. R. Os&ood
/ason1 of !e8 Yor31 a)t+or of Teepathy and the subimina Se$. ,r.
/ason 8rote on 7an)ar" @t+1 *A@B1 concernn& /ss L)3eJ I +a2e t8o or
t+ree recent drea's or n&+t 2sons and t+er f)lfl'ent1 of 8+c+ s+e told
'e onl" a fe8 da"s snce1 and 8+c+ can be dated and s)bstantated.9 T+e
state'ent 8as fnall" sent a$$arentl" n (e$te'ber *A@B.
/ss /ar" L)3e1 .>. -)dson (treet1 !e8 Yor3 Ct"1 t+e $erc$ent n
t+e follo8n& cases of 2erdcal drea's1 +as been 2er" 8ell 3no8n to 'e for
'ore t+an ffteen "ears1 I +a2n& been t+e attendn& $+"scan n t+e fa'l"
d)rn& t+at t'e. -er o8n +ealt+1 +o8e2er1 +as been al'ost $erfectG s+e s
free fro' all +"stercal or ner2o)s s"'$to'sG n fact1 I +a2e +ardl" +ad
occason to $rescrbe for +er d)rn& t+s 8+ole $erod. (+e s a b)s"1
ener&etc1 selfCrelant1 b)t 2er" 3ndC+earted 8o'an1 no8 nearl" fort" "ears
of a&e1 t+o)&+ loo3n& at least ten "ears "o)n&er. (+e s )n'arred.
(+e +as fro' c+ld+ood been an n2eterate so'na'b)lst1 8al3n&
al'ost e2er" n&+t1 )ntl t8o "ears a&o 8+en I +"$notsed +er and s)&&ested
t+at s+e s+o)ld not a&an lea2e +er bed n +er slee$. T+e effect 8as $ro'$t
and decded. (+e +as ne2er snce t+at t'e 8al3ed nor e2en left +er bed
8+le aslee$.
(+e s e#ceedn&l" '$ressonable1 and seldo' fals to rece2e defnte
and tr)e deas and '$ressons re&ardn& $eo$le 8+o co'e nto +er
$resence or 8t+ 8+o' s+e stsa fac)lt" 8+c+ s+e often e#ercses1 b)t
ne2er for an" re')neraton. On one occason a fe8 "ears a&o s+e 2ared
fro' t+s r)le1 for c+art". Ben& on a 2st n a dstant co)ntr" 2lla&e 8+ere
s+e 8as E)te )n3no8n1 d)rn& a c+)rc+ far s+e 8as as3ed to occ)$" t+e
&$s" tent and tell fort)nes1 a c+aracter for 8+c+ +er $ersonal a$$earance as
8ell as +er $ec)lar $s"c+cal endo8'ent es$ecall" ftted +er. T+e frst da"
s+e +ad t+e )s)al s+are of $atrona&e1 b)t on t+e second da"t+e acc)rac"
of +er delneatons +a2n& beco'e t+e tal3 of t+e to8nt+ere 8as a
constant strea' of 2stors to +er tent1 and 'ore t+an ;>> dollars 8ere
realsed for t+e c+art".
(+e +as +ad a lar&e n)'ber of 2erdcal drea's1 b)t s+e 8as so rdc)led
b" +er fa'l" on acco)nt of t+e' t+at s+e seldo' told t+e'1 es$ecall" not
before t+er f)lfl'ent1 so t+e" are not a2alable for t+e (ocet" for
Ps"c+cal Researc+.
6t+n t+e $ast t8o "ears1 +o8e2er1 snce I +a2e 3no8n so'et+n& of
+er $s"c+c e#$erences1 t+e drea' +ere related occ)rred1 and fort)natel" Lt
8asM related before t+e e2ents 8ere 3no8n.Y
+i,IOG-
I 8ll &2e t s)bstantall" n +er o8n lan&)a&e1 as I too3 t do8n 8+le
s+e related t. I 8ll $re'se t+at s+e occ)$es a t+reeCstore" and base'ent
+o)se. -er sster1 /rs. (.1 8t+ +er fa'l"1 occ)$es t+e t+rd floorG s+e rents
t+e second floor to lod&ers1 and )ses t+e frst floor and base'ent for +er
o8n b)sness. T+e second floor front1 o2er +er $arlo)r1 8as occ)$ed b" a
'an and +s 8fe1 na'ed L.1 8+o +ad been 8t+ +er s# 'ont+sG t+e"
see'ed 2er" $leasant $eo$le1 and s+e +ad no occason to 'str)st t+er
+onest". T+e bac3 roo' on t+e sa'e floor 8as occ)$ed b" /r. B.1 8+o +ad
been +er tenant for s# "ears.
(+e sa"sJ
On 6ednesda"1 %)&)st .At+1 *A@?1 I +ad been absent all da"G I ca'e n
late n t+e e2enn& and 8ent drectl" to bed. I notced not+n& o)t of t+e 8a"
e#ce$tn& t+at I 'ssed a s'all and rat+er $rett" alar' cloc3 fro' t+e
$arlo)r 'antelG I s)$$osed1 +o8e2er1 t+at '" lod&er /r. B. +ad ta3en t1 as
+e so'et'es dd f +e 8s+ed to be aro)sed at a $artc)lar +o)r1 and I
t+o)&+t no 'ore abo)t t.
T+at n&+t I drea'ed or rat+er see'ed to see /r. and /rs. L.5s roo' n
&reat dsorderG /r. and /rs. L. 8ere &one and e2er"t+n& belon&n& to
t+e'1 and also e2er"t+n& of 'ne 8+c+ 8as 2al)able 8as &one1 and t+e
+o)se 8as robbed of 2al)ables &enerall". T+e scene of t+e roo' 8as 2er"
22d and e#act.
In t+e 'ornn& I 8ent drectl" )$ to '" sster5s a$art'ent and as3ed +er1
6+en +a2e "o) seen /rs. L.W9 (+e re$led. (+e 8as )$ +ere 8t+ 'e at
t+ree o5cloc3 "esterda" afternoonG s+e bro)&+t )$ so'e refres+'ents and
8as $artc)larl" a&reeable.9 I sad at once1 I drea'ed last n&+t t+at s+e
+ad &one and +ad robbed t+e +o)se of ts 2al)ables1 and +ad left t+e roo' n
&reat dsorder.9 /" sster +ad not seen et+er of t+e' nor +eard an" so)nd
n t+er roo' after t+ree o5cloc3. /" sster1 8+o +ad al8a"s been nclned to
la)&+ at '" drea's1 e#cla'ed1 Yo)r drea's are so E)eer1 /.1 I cannot
+el$ feeln& an#o)s.9 I 8ent do8n to '" o8n a$art'ent on t+e frst floor
and lstened for so)nds of $eo$le 'o2n& o2er+ead1 b)t all 8as slent. I t+en
8ent )$ to t+er roo' and ra$$ed re$eatedl"1 b)t &ot no re$l". I t+en )sed
'" d)$lcate 3e" and o$ened t+e door. T+e roo' 8as )nocc)$ed and n
&reat dsorderG all t+er o8n $ro$ert"1 to&et+er 8t+ e2er"t+n& of 2al)e
belon&n& to 'e1 +ad dsa$$eared1 and t+e roo' $resented t+e e#act
a$$earance n e2er" res$ect t+at I +ad seen n '" drea'.
%n e#a'naton of t+e +o)se drectl" after8ards s+o8ed t+at t+e" +ad
ta3en all '" De8eller" and trn3ets1 and t+e lttle cloc3 8+c+ I +ad 'ssed
t+e e2enn& before. T+e" +ad also ta3en a s)t of ne8 clot+es and an
)'brella fro' t+e roo' of t+er ne&+bo)r B. on t+e sa'e floor.
/ss L)3e addsJ
T+s s a $erfectl" correct acco)nt of '" drea' and ts f)lfl'ent.
/%RY L:RE.
/R(. (T%LLI!G(5 (T%TE/E!T.
.>. -:,(O! (TREET1 !E6 YORR1 September =th, *A@B.
/" sster /ar"1 3no8n n ,r. /ason5s state'ent as /. L.1 ca'e )$stars
on T+)rsda" 'ornn&1 %)&)st .@t+1 *A@?1 and sad to 'e1 6+en +a2e "o)
seen /rs. L.W9 I sad1 !ot snce t+ree o5cloc3 "esterda". (+e 8as )$ +ere
t+en1 bro)&+t so'e refres+'ents1 and 8as 2er" a&reeable.9 /ar" t+en sad1
I +i,IOH- drea'ed last n&+t t+at s+e +ad &one and +ad str$$ed t+e +o)se
of e2er"t+n& 2al)able. I sa8 t+e roo' e'$t" and n dsordere2er"t+n&
2al)able 8as ta3en a8a"1 bot+ +ers and 'ne. I +a2e not +eard a so)nd fro'
t+e' o2er+ead t+s 'ornn&.9 I sad1 Yo)r drea's are so E)eer1 /ar"1 I
can5t +el$ feeln& an#o)s.9 (+e 8ent do8nstars1 and soon after 8ent nto
t+e roo' and fo)nd t e'$t"G e2er"t+n& 2al)able 8as ta3en. %fter8ards t
8as fo)nd t+at s+e +ad ta3en '" sster5s De8eller" and trn3ets1 and also a
s)t of clot+es and an )'brella fro' a lod&er on t+e sa'e floor.
-E!RIETT% (T%LLI!G(.
In re$l" to nE)res1 ,r. /ason 8roteJ
!E6 YORR1 <ctober <th, *A@B.
/Y ,E%R ,R. -O,G(O!1YRe&ardn& tracn& t+e robber"1 /ss
L)3e 8ent to t+e offce of t+e detect2e force1 8+ere s+e 8as treated so
ndfferentl" beca)se t+ere 8as not+n& n t9 for t+e'1 t+at s+e s)r$rsed
t+e' b" &2n& t+e' a $ece of +er 'nd and 8al3ed o)t. %fter8ards1
fearn& s+e 8o)ld 'a3e t+e 'atter $)blc1 t+e" sent t8o or t+ree t'es
offern& to ta3e t+e 'atter )$1 b)t s+e 8o)ld +a2e not+n& 'ore to do 8t+
t+e'.Y
R. O(GOO, /%(O!.
+(1 H . T+e follo8n& case s ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2.
$. .=@. It co'es fro' (r La8rence 7ones1 Bart.G t+e acco)nt +a2n& been
8rtten on t+e da" of t+e ncdent.
VE!T!OR1 2arch .;rd, *A@*.
I 8as called at e&+t t+s 'ornn&1 and '" letters left o)tsde t+e door. I
fell aslee$ a&an1 and +ad 8+at see'ed a lon& and tro)bleso'e drea' abo)t
a c+eE)e 8+c+ I +ad to fll )$ and s&n. %t nne I a8o3e1 8t+ a 22d
recollecton of '" drea'1 &ot )$1 o$ened a $ac3et of letters for8arded fro'
+o'e1 and fo)nd a'on& t+e' a re&stered letter contann& a c+eE)e for a
lar&e s)'1 8+c+ I +ad to s&n as tr)stee.
L. 7. 7.
N. ).I +ad no reason to e#$ect t+e rece$t of t+e c+eE)e. T+e drea'
8as not n an" 8a" concerned 8t+ t+e real c+eE)e1 b)t 8as rat+er '"
neffect)al atte'$ts to dra8 a c+eE)e $ro$erl" on a blan3 s+eet of $a$er.
B)t t+e concdence 8as 2er" re'ar3able.
Lad" 7ones 8rtesJ
Apri *st, *A@;.
I can entrel" corroborate fro' '" o8n 'e'or" t+e stor" of '"
+)sband5s drea' abo)t t+e c+eE)e.
EVELY! /. 7O!E(.
(r La8rence 7ones 8rtes laterJ
CR%!/ER -%LL1 4%RE!-%/1 Apri *st, *A@;.
I related '" drea' to Lad" 7ones ''edatel" after o$enn& '" letter.
T+s drea' 8as )n)s)all" 22d1 and t+e '$resson of t re'aned 8t+ 'e
')c+ lon&er t+an )s)al. I drea' a &ood deal1 b)t rarel" re'e'ber an"t+n&
e#ce$t n t+e case of 'ornn& drea's1 8+en I +a2e 8o3en earl" and &one to
slee$ a&an.
+(1 - . T+e ne#t case (E)oted fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2. $. .A>)
rests on s$ecall" &ood e2dence1 snce t 8as noted before 2erfcaton1
8+le t+e f)ll acco)nt of t 8as 8rtten fro' notes 'ade ''edatel" +i,
IOI- after b" Professor %. %le#ander1 of Ro 7anero. -e sa"s1 n sendn&
t+e acco)ntJ
9ebruary <th, *A@B.
/" nfor'ant1 (en+or !asc'ento1 s a lfe 'e'ber of t+e (ocet" of
%rts19 and rece2ed +s tec+ncal ed)caton n London.
RIO1 9ebruary ;rd, *A@B.
% recent case of a$$arent clar2o"ance +as been co'')ncated to 'e b"
a BraNlan en&neer1 called 7osU C)stodo 4ernandes do !asc'ento1 8+o s
+'self t+e $erc$ent. I +a2e been acE)anted 8t+ t+s &entle'an for
se2eral "ears1 and 3no8 +' to be a caref)l and tr)st8ort+" 8tness. It 8ll
be seen t+at +e +as enabled 'e also to &2e drect test'on" to t+e care 8t+
8+c+ +e +as $ro2ded for $ro$er e2dence.
In t+)s $roceedn&1 +e endea2o)rs to atone for for'er la#ness1 nas')c+
as so'e se2en or e&+t "ears a&o +e faled to ta3e adeE)ate note of a
$robabl" 2erdcal drea'1 n 8+c+ +e see'ed to be tr"n& to esca$e 8t+
+s fa'l" fro' t+e dec3 of a b)rnn& 2essel1 and to 8tness t+e D)'$n&
o2erboard of a 'an 8+ose clot+es +ad ca)&+t fre. % tele&ra' fro' a
nort+ern BraNlan $ort s)bseE)entl" &a2e t+e ne8s t+at abo)t t+at t'e fre
+ad bro3en o)t on board a certan 2essel1 and t+at on t+e occason so'e
nd2d)al +ad n realt" D)'$ed nto t+e sea1 'ore or less n t+e 'anner
$erce2ed n t+e drea'. (+ortl" after t+ree P./. on (at)rda"1 7an)ar" **t+1
*A@B1 I 'et (en+or !asc'ento n t+e R)a do O)2dor n t+s ct"1 and +e at
once &a2e 'e 2erbal $artc)lars of a second e#$erence of t+e 3nd1 8+c+
+e +ad +ad on t+at 2er" date.
-e stated t+at1 as t+e res)lt of slac3ness n +s b)sness1 +e +ad latel"
been stratened for 8ant of 'eans1 and +ad felt t+s '$ec)nost" all t+e
'ore t+at +s eldest da)&+ter s s+ortl" to be 'arred to t+e son of a ,on 7.1
a 'erc+ant resdent n /onte2deo.
On t+e $recedn& e2enn& of t+e *>t+1 t+e "o)n& 'an 7. ca'e to 2st +s
$ianc;e at t+e )s)al +o)r1 and 'entoned t+at a letter fro' +s fat+er 8as
8atn& for (en+or !asc'ento n t+e R)a da %lfande&a at t+e fr' of 7or&e
,as Brot+ers1 t+e corres$ondents n Ro of ,on 7. -e +ad not bro)&+t t
+'self1 as t 8as to be del2ered to (en+or !asc'ento $ersonall".
/" nfor'ant a8o3e on t+e follo8n& 'ornn& at an earl" +o)r1 and fell
a&an nto a state of sl)'ber bet8een f2e and s# o5cloc3. -e t+en drea't
t+at +e +ad called at ,as Brot+ers1 and t+at t+e" +anded +' a $resent fro'
,on 7. of one conto of res (abo)t f<>)1 8+c+ +e 8as so &lad to rece2e t+at
+e e'braced t+e 'e'bers of t+at fr' 8t+ an eff)son of tears. In t+e
drea' +e see'ed to co)nt t+e 'one".
-e rose 8t+ t+e con2cton t+at +s 2son 8o)ld be realsed1 alt+o)&+
no ordnar" reasons conc)rred to 'a3e +' s)$$ose t+at s)c+ 8o)ld be t+e
case. T+s belef led +' to 8rte do8n on a sl$ of $a$er (8+c+ s +ere8t+
enclosed) t+e follo8n& noteJ
(on+e E)e ao r receber a carta dos (en+ores 7or&e ,as estes 'e
entre&ara' a so''a de *J>>> h >>> de res1 e E)e e) co''o2do abraceCos
c+orando.9
**K*K@B.
(I drea't t+at on &on& to rece2e t+e letter fro' (en+ores 7or&e ,as1
t+e latter del2ered to 'e t+e s)' of *J>>> h >>> of res1 and t+at I1 ben&
'o2ed1 e'braced t+e' 8t+ tears.9
**K*K@B).
+i,IOJ-
(en+or !asc'ento sad not+n& to +s 8fe or c+ldren abo)t t+e drea'.
-e 'erel" $)t t+e abo2e note )nder ot+er $a$ers n a $&eonC+ole of +s
b)rea)1 8+c+ +e t+en loc3ed. -e 8ent nto to8nG called at +alfC$ast ten at
t+e +o)se of 7or&e ,as Brot+ers1 and rece2ed t+e letter1 8+c+ +e
after8ards o$ened n t+e street. T+s letter +e s+o8ed to 'e 8+en 8e 'et.
In t ,on 7. 'a3es a $resent of one conto of res to +s f)t)re da)&+terCnC
la81 and nstr)cts (en+or !asc'ento to dra8 t+e 'one" at t+e +o)se of
7o+n /oore & Co. of t+s ct". T+s s)' (en+or !asc'ento +ad d)l"
rece2ed abo)t * o5cloc3 on t+at da"1 and +e n2ted 'e to acco'$an" +'
+o'e to 2erf" 8+at +e +ad stated re&ardn& t+e note ta3en n t+e 'ornn&.
T+e conto of res 8as s+o8n to 'eG t+e b)rea) 8as o$ened n '" $resence1
and t+e sl$ of $a$er 8as ta3en o)t of t+e $&eonC+ole and ''edatel"
del2ered nto '" 3ee$n&.
On /onda" t+e *;t+1 I ret)rned for f)rt+er nfor'aton. B" drect
E)estonn&1 (en+or !asc'ento +ad learnt t+at +s frends1 t+e ,as
Brot+ers1 8ere not a8are of t+e contents of t+e letter at t+e t'e of ts
rece$t. % s'lar declaraton 8as 'ade n '" +earn& b" t+e "o)n& 'an 7.1
8+o added1 +o8e2er1 t+at +e +ad after8ards (i.e. at an +o)r later t+an t+at of
t+e drea') been nfor'ed b" a brot+er of +s 8+at t+er fat+er +ad done.
7o+n /oore & Co. are not $ersonall" 3no8n to '" nfor'ant. 7.5s
brot+er +as no ot+er connecton 8t+ +' t+an t+at establs+ed b" t+e
co'n& )non bet8een t+e fa'les1 and "et t+e drea' concded 8t+ t+e
arr2al of t+e letter at Ro and not 8t+ ts des$atc+ fro' /onte2deo. T+e
crc)'stances of t+e case1 t+en1 see' to render t+e e#$lanaton b"
clar2o"ance 'ore $la)sble t+an t+at b" tele$at+".
(en+or !asc'ento states t+at1 alt+o)&+ +e so'et'es +as 8a3n&
$resent'ents1 t+e t8o drea's abo2e narrated are t+e onl" 22d ones of t+e
3nd +e recollects +a2n& +ad n +s e#$erence. -e does not re'e'ber e2er
rece2n& s'larl" $ost2e ndcatons n a 2son 8+c+ +a2e re'aned
)nf)lflled.
(T+e abo2e s 8rtten o)t fro' notes ta3en b" 'e on t+e date of t+e
occ)rrence.)
%. %LE0%!,ER.
Professor %le#ander5s acco)nt s confr'ed as follo8s b" t+e $erc$entJ

RIO1 9ebruary ;rd, *A@B.

I can testf" to t+e f)lness and e#actness of all t+e detals abo2e &2en.
I stll +a2e a 22d re'e'brance of t+e drea' of t+e b)rnn& 2essel1 t+e
confr'aton of 8+c+ ca'e on t+e sa'e da". % 'an 8as re$orted to +a2e
D)'$ed o2erboard 8t+ +s clot+es on fre1 D)st as I sa8 +' n '" drea'.
I resde at !o. ;; Tra2essa de (ao (al2ador1 -addoc3 Lobo1 +alfCanC
+o)r5s Do)rne" fro' to8n n t+e tra'cars1 and I ne2er co'e +o'e d)rn& t+e
co)rse of t+e da".
7O(e C. 4ER!%!,E( ,O !%(CI/E!TO.
T+e or&nal note1 'ade b" (en+or !asc'ento on t+e 'ornn& after +s
drea' and before ts 2erfcaton1 8as sent 8t+ t+e narrat2e b" Professor
%le#ander.
+(( A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt (ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving,
2ol. . $. .>.) co'es fro' /rs. 6est1 of -lde&arde1 4)rness Road1
Eastbo)rne. It 8as 8rtten n *AA;.
+i,IOK-
/" fat+er and brot+er 8ere on a Do)rne" d)rn& t+e 8nter. I 8as
e#$ectn& t+e' +o'e1 8t+o)t 3no8n& t+e e#act da" of t+er ret)rn. T+e
date1 to t+e best of '" recollecton1 8as t+e 8nter of *A=*K=.. I +ad &one
to bed at '" )s)al t'e1 abo)t ** P./. (o'e t'e n t+e n&+t I +ad a 22d
drea'1 8+c+ 'ade a &reat '$resson on 'e. I drea't I 8as loo3n& o)t of
a 8ndo81 8+en I sa8 fat+er dr2n& n a ($ds sled&e1 follo8ed n anot+er
b" '" brot+er. T+e" +ad to $ass a crossCroad1 on 8+c+ anot+er tra2eller
8as dr2n& 2er" fast1 also n a sled&e 8t+ one +orse. 4at+er see'ed to
dr2e on 8t+o)t obser2n& t+e ot+er fello81 8+o 8o)ld 8t+o)t fal +a2e
dr2en o2er fat+er f +e +ad not 'ade +s +orse rear1 so t+at I sa8 '" fat+er
dr2e )nder t+e +oofs of t+e +orse. E2er" 'o'ent I e#$ected t+e +orse
8o)ld fall do8n and cr)s+ +'. I called o)t 4at+erZ fat+erZ9 and 8o3e n a
&reat fr&+t. T+e ne#t 'ornn& '" fat+er and brot+er ret)rned. I sad to +'1
I a' so &lad to see "o) arr2e E)te safel"1 as I +ad s)c+ a dreadf)l drea'
abo)t "o) last n&+t.9 /" brot+er sad1 Yo) co)ld not +a2e been n &reater
fr&+t abo)t +' t+an I 8as19 and t+en +e related to 'e 8+at +ad +a$$ened1
8+c+ talled e#actl" 8t+ '" drea'. /" brot+er n +s fr&+t1 8+en +e sa8
t+e feet of t+e +orse o2er fat+er5s +ead1 called o)t1 O+Z fat+er1 fat+erZ9
I +a2e ne2er +ad an" ot+er drea' of t+s 3nd1 nor do I re'e'ber e2er to
+a2e +ad anot+er drea' of an accdent +a$$enn& to an" one n 8+o' I 8as
nterested. I often drea' of $eo$le1 and 8+en t+s +a$$ens I &enerall"
e#$ect to rece2e a letter fro' t+e'1 or to +ear of t+e' n t+e co)rse of t+e
ne#t da". I drea't of /rs. G. Bdder t+e n&+t before I rece2ed +er letter
as3n& 'e for an acco)nt of t+s drea'G and I told /r. 6est1 before 8e 8ent
do8n to brea3fast1 t+at I s+o)ld +a2e a letter t+at da" fro' +er. I +ad no
ot+er reason to e#$ect a letter fro' +er1 nor +ad I rece2ed one for so'e
t'e1 I s+o)ld t+n3 so'e "ears1 $re2o)sl".
-IL,% 6E(T.
/rs. 6est5s fat+er1 (r 7o+n Cro8e1 late Cons)lCGeneral for !or8a"1 s
snce deadG b)t +er brot+er1 /r. (e$t')s Cro8e1 of Lbrola1 /ar"5s -ll
Road1 (+ortlands1 sends )s t+e follo8n& confr'atonJ
I re'e'ber 22dl"1 on '" ret)rn once 8t+ '" fat+er fro' a tr$ to t+e
!ort+ of !or8a" n t+e 8nter t'e1 '" sster 'eetn& )s at t+e +all door as
8e entered1 and e#cla'n& +o8 $leased s+e 8as to see )s1 and t+at 8e 8ere
safe1 as s+e sad at once to 'e t+at s+e +ad +ad s)c+ an )n$leasant drea'
t+e e2enn& before. I sad1 6+at 8as tW9 (+e t+en 'n)tel" e#$laned to
'e t+e drea'1 as s+e related t to "o)1 and 8+c+ s n accordance 8t+ t+e
facts. It nat)rall" astons+ed '" fat+er and '"self a &ood deal1 t+at s+e so
22dl" n +er slee$ sa8 e#actl" 8+at +a$$ened1 and I s+o)ld sa"1 too1 s+e
drea't t at t+e 2er" t'e t +a$$ened1 abo)t **.;> P./.
(EPTI/:( CRO6E.
*

+i,IOL-
+(( B . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <>. T+e follo8n& narrat2e
8as sent to )s b" t+e R&+t -on. (r 7o+n ,r)''ond -a"1 R. C. B.1 G. C.
/. G.1 8+o 8as for 'an" "ears -. /.5s /nster n /arocco and resded at
Tan&er.
September *Bth, *AA@.
In t+e "ear *A=@ '" son Robert ,r)''ond -a" resded at /o&odor
8t+1 +s fa'l"1 8+ere +e 8as at t+at t'e Cons)l. It 8as n t+e 'ont+ of
4ebr)ar". I +ad latel" rece2ed &ood acco)nts of '" son and +s fa'l"G I
8as also n $erfect +ealt+. %bo)t * %./. (I for&et t+e e#act da" n 4ebr)ar")1
8+lst slee$n& so)ndl" Lat Tan&erM1 I 8as 8o3e b" +earn& dstnctl" t+e
2oce of '" da)&+terCnCla81 8+o 8as 8t+ +er +)sband at /o&odor1 sa"n&
n a clear1 b)t dstressed tone of 2oce1 O+1 I 8s+ $a$a onl" 3ne8 t+at
Robert s ll.9 T+ere 8as a n&+t la'$ n t+e roo'. I sat )$ and lstened1
loo3n& aro)nd t+e roo'1 b)t t+ere 8as no one e#ce$t '" 8fe1 slee$n&
E)etl" n bed. I lstened for so'e seconds1 e#$ectn& to +ear footste$s
o)tsde1 b)t co'$lete stllness $re2aled1 so I la" do8n a&an1 t+an3n& God
t+at t+e 2oce 8+c+ 8o3e 'e 8as a +all)cnaton. I +ad +ardl" closed '"
e"es 8+en I +eard t+e sa'e 2oce and 8ords1 )$on 8+c+ I 8o3e Lad"
,r)''ond -a"1 and told +er 8+at +ad occ)rred1 and &ot )$ and 8ent nto
'" st)d"1 adDonn& t+e bedroo'1 and noted t n '" dar". !e#t 'ornn& I
related 8+at +ad +a$$ened to '" da)&+ter1 sa"n& t+at1 t+o)&+ I dd not
bele2e n drea's1 I felt an#o)s for tdn&s fro' /o&odor. T+at $ort1 as "o)
8ll see n t+e 'a$1 s abo)t ;>> 'les so)t+ of Tan&er. % fe8 da"s after
t+s ncdent a letter arr2ed fro' '" da)&+terCnCla81 /rs. R. ,r)''ond
-a"1 telln& )s t+at '" son 8as sero)sl" ll 8t+ t"$+od fe2er and
'entonn& t+e n&+t d)rn& 8+c+ +e +ad been delro)s. /)c+ str)c3 b"
t+e concdence t+at t 8as t+e sa'e n&+t I +ad. +eard +er 2oce1 I 8rote to
tell +er 8+at +ad +a$$ened. (+e re$led1 t+e follo8n& $ost1 t+at n +er
dstress at seen& +er +)sband so dan&ero)sl" ll1 and fro' ben& alone n a
dstant land1 s+e +ad 'ade )se of t+e $recse 8ords 8+c+ +ad startled 'e
fro' slee$1 and +ad re$eated t+e'. %s t 'a" be of nterest for "o) to
rece2e a corroboraton of 8+at I +a2e related fro' t+e $ersons I +a2e
'entoned1 8+o +a$$en to be 8t+ 'e at t+s date1 t+e" also s&n to affr'
t+e acc)rac" of all I +a2e related.
6+en I res&ned1 n *AAB1 I destro"ed1 )nfort)natel"1 a n)'ber of '"
dares and a'on&st t+e' t+at of *A=@1 or I s+o)ld +a2e been able to state
t+e da"1 and '&+t +a2e sent "o) t+e leaf on 8+c+ I noted t+e ncdent.Y
+i,IOM-
+(+ A . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. B*. T+e acco)nt co'es fro'
/r. Ed8ard Cre8dson1 D)n.1 of T)c3er2lle1 C+ester Co.1 !ebras3a1 :.(.%.
/r. Cre8dson e#$lans t+at at t+e t'e of t+e occ)rrence descrbed +e
o8ned t8o ranc+es n !ebras3a1 called t+e East9 and 6est9 ranc+es. On
t+e for'er +e resded 8t+ +s fa'l". T+e ot+er conssted of t+ree sectons1
$artall" se$arated fro' one anot+er b" a secton of Go2ern'ent land. In
order to acE)re a $ece of t+s to connect t8o of +s sectons1 certan
condtons 8ere necessar"1 of 8+c+ contn)o)s resdence for s# 'ont+s
8as one. -e 8as b)ldn& a fra'e +o)se9 t+ere for t+s $)r$ose1 and
'ean8+le +ad a sodC+o)se b)lt and 8ent o2er e2er" 8ee3 8t+ one or t8o
(&ned

7. -. ,R://O!, -%Y.
%!!ETTE ,R://O!, -%Y.
E:P-E/I% ,R://O!, -%Y.
%LICE ,R://O!, -%Y.
of +s t+ree sons to sta" a n&+t or t8o.
-e contn)esJ
November .>th, *AA@.
T+s brn&s 'e to abo)t /arc+ .>t+1 *AA?. /" 8fe e#$ected to +a2e a
bab" to8ards t+e end of %$rl. /arc+ .>t+ (as nearl" as I can re'e'ber)1 I
8as lea2n& t+e East Ranc+e as )s)al1 8t+ blan3ets1 food1 &c.1 for t+e t8o
eldest bo"s and '"self1 8+en t+e "o)n&est bo" -)&+ ca'e r)nnn& o)t
cr"n& and be&&ed to be ta3en. I for&ot to 'enton t+at t+e t+ree &rls 8ere
at sc+ool n En&land. /rs. Cre8dson 8as standn& b" t+e b)c3board1
bddn& )s &oodb"e1 and sad1 O+ "es1 do ta3e -)&+e1 and I 8ll +a2e a
t+oro)&+ rest tll "o) co'e bac3.9 (o -)&+e D)'$ed )$ and 8e left. T+e
6est Ranc+e s ffteen 'les fro' t+e East1 and 8e &ot t+ere abo)t B.;>. I
coo3ed o)r s)$$er1 +ad a $$e1 and I s)$$ose b" @.;> or *> 8e 8ere all
so)nd aslee$.
-o8 lon& I sle$t I co)ld not tell1 b)t I 8as a8a3ened b" -)&+e1 8+o
8as slee$n& 8t+ 'e1 sttn& )$ and cr"n&1 O+1 $aZ $aZ9 6+at s t1
-)&+eW9 O+1 $a1 t+ere s a lttle bab" n bed 8t+ 'a''a.9 !o8 t+e c+ld
+ad no dea t+ere 8as one e#$ectedco)ld +a2e +ad none1 for o)r c+ldren
are abs)rdl" nnocent1 e2en t+e older onesa838ardl" nnocent at t'es. It
8as so stran&e1 and I 8as so t+oro)&+l" a8a3e t+at I dd not &o to slee$ for
so'e t'e1 and 8as on t+e $ont of &ettn& )$ and dr2n& +o'e1 b)t felt
t+at f t+ere 8as not+n& I s+o)ld loo3 so 2er" fools+.
In t+e 'ornn& I +)rred t+ro)&+ '" b)sness1 telln& t+e last 'an '"
reason for c)ttn& +' s+ort. Before I 8as f2e 'les a8a" fro' t+e ranc+e a
co8bo" 'et 'e 8t+ t+e ne8s t+at a bab" +ad been born n t+e n&+t. 6e
8ere 8t+o)t ser2ants at t+e t'e1 and t+o)&+ '" old (cotc+ fore'an +ad
done +s best n sendn& off for t+e nearest 8o'en and t+e doctor (t8ent"
'les off)1 '" 8fe +ad a 2er" tr"n& t'e1 and t s E)te $ossble t+at +er
ntense 8s+ for 'e 'a" +a2e +ad so'et+n& to do 8t+ -)&+e5s
co'')ncaton.
-)&+e s a 2er" senst2e and cle2er bo"too cle2er. -e 8ants no
enco)ra&e'ent1 b)t rat+er +oldn& bac3G not delcate n an" 8a"none of
o)r c+ldren are1 I a' t+an3f)l to sa"b)t a sort of c+ld 8+o )nderstands
an e#$lanaton before "o) +a2e sad a doNen 8ordsG 2er" e#ctableG 8ll
8a3e )$1 screa'1 and s+2er f +e +as been too lon& n t+e sc+oolroo'. T+e
co8bo"s1 of co)rse1 &ot )$ all sorts of deas1 8+c+ I $ad no attenton to
s)c+ as t+at t+e" +ad lon& 3no8n t+at -)&+e 3ne8 nstnct2el" f t 8as
&on& to ran1 es$ecall" t+)nder ran.
+i,ION-
T+e far'er5s na'e to 8+o' I told t+e ncdent1 before lea2n& t+e 6est
Ranc+e1 s 7a'es 6+te+eadG +s address s Redfern1 &c.
E,6. CRE6,(O!1 7:!.
In ans8er to nE)res1 /r. Cre8dson sa"sJ
-)&+e 8as <m "ears old. -s e#cla'aton occ)rred D)st at t+e t'e or
s+ortl" after t+e brt+ of o)r bab". -e s'$l" stated t as a fact1 and dd not
sa" f +e drea't t or not1 b)t1 as +e D)'$ed )$ s)ddenl" a8a3ened1 t see's
l3el" t+at +e drea't t. !o e#$lanaton 8as e2er as3ed1 nor co)ld +e1 I
t+n31 +a2e &2en one.
6e 8rote to /r. 6+te+ead1 8+o no8 resdes at Bro3en Bo81
!ebras3a1 and +e re$ledJ
1anuary .=th, *A@*.
T+e crc)'stances "o) call )$on 'e to corroborate are s)bstantall" as
follo8sJ
/r. Cre8dson1 8t+ t+ree of +s bo"s1 8as at +s 6est Ranc+e19
loo3n& after +s nterests t+ere. -s 8fe re'aned at T)c3er2lle1 so'e
e&+teen 'les dstant. (o'e t'e d)rn& t+e n&+t +e 8as a8a3ened b" +s
"o)n&est bo"1 -)&+e1 abo)t ;m "ears oldnc3na'ed Ba+98+o sad1
Pa1 $a1 'a +as a lttle bab" n bed 8t+ +er.9 !onsense1 HBa+.I 6+at
'a3es "o) t+n3 t+atW9 as3ed t+e fat+er. Beca)se I sa8 t la"n& besde +er
n t+e bed19 t+e c+ld re$led.
T+e ne#t 'ornn&1 +a2n& so'e b)sness 8t+ /r. C.1 I 2sted +s
ranc+e1 abo)t one 'le dstant fro' '" far'. 6t+ consderable rels+ and
a')se'ent +e related +s drea' to 'e. Co'n& fro' a c+ld so "o)n&1 8+o
co)ld not $ossbl" be a8are of t+e condton of ts 'ot+er1 t+e t'e of
8+ose confne'ent 8as dra8n& near1 "et not s)ffcentl" near at +and (as
8as s)$$osed) to e#cte an#et" on t+e $art of /r. Cre8dson o8n& to +s
enforced absence1 t+e drea' '$ressed 'e at t+e t'e as ben& re'ar3able.
Later on1 t+e sa'e da"1 /r. C. re'aned at '" $lace and too3 dnner1
re$eatn& t+e drea' to '"self and fa'l".
(tartn& for +o'e1 8+le stll n s&+t1 +e 'et t+e "o)n& 'an (/r.
/or&an) +e +ad left n c+ar&e at T)c3er2lle1 8+o nfor'ed +' t+at /rs.
Cre8dson +ad &2en brt+ to a c+ld d)rn& t+e n&+t1 abo)t t+e +o)r +e +ad
been a8a3ened b" t+e c+ld to +ear +s drea'. /r. C. +)rred on +o'e. /r.
/or&an1 8+o 8as on +orsebac31 rode )$ to '" door1 and re'ar3ed1
-)&+e5s drea' s tr)e.9
7%/E( 6-ITE-E%,.
+(+ B . T+e ne#t case s fro' /rs. Rc+ardson1 of Coo'be ,o8n1 Bat+.
It s E)oted fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. <<;.
August .Bth, *AA..
On (e$te'ber @t+1 *A<A1 at t+e se&e of /ooltan1 '" +)sband1 /aDorC
General Rc+ardson1 C. B.1 t+en adD)tant of +s re&'ent1 8as 'ost se2erel"
and dan&ero)sl" 8o)nded1 and s)$$osn& +'self d"n&1 as3ed one of t+e
offcers 8t+ +' to ta3e t+e rn& off +s fn&er and send t to +s 8fe1 8+o1
at t+at t'e1 8as f)ll" *?> 'les dstant1 at 4eroNe$ore. On t+e n&+t of
(e$te'ber @t+1 *A<A1 I 8as l"n& on '" bed1 bet8een slee$n& and 8a3n&1
8+en I dstnctl" sa8 '" +)sband ben& carred off t+e feld1 sero)sl"
8o)nded1 +i,IOO- and +eard +s 2oce sa"n&1 Ta3e t+s rn& off '" fn&er1
and send t to '" 8fe.9 %ll t+e ne#t da" I co)ld not &et t+e s&+t or t+e
2oce o)t of '" 'nd. In d)e t'e I +eard of General Rc+ardson +a2n&
been se2erel" 8o)nded n t+e assa)lt on /ooltan. -e s)r22ed1 +o8e2er1
and s stll l2n&. It 8as not for so'e t'e after t+e se&e t+at I +eard fro'
Colonel L.1 t+e offcer 8+o +el$ed to carr" General Rc+ardson off t+e feld1
t+at t+e reE)est as to t+e rn& 8as act)all" 'ade to +'1 D)st as I +ad +eard t
at 4eroNe$ore at t+at 2er" t'e.
/. %. RIC-%R,(O!.
T+e follo8n& E)estons 8ere addressed b" )s to General Rc+ardson1
8+ose ans8ers are a$$endedJ
(*) ,oes General R. re'e'ber sa"n&1 8+en +e 8as 8o)nded at
/ooltan1 Ta3e t+s rn& off '" fn&er1 and send t to '" 8fe19 or 8ords to
t+s effectW
/ost dstnctl"G I 'ade t+e reE)est to '" co''andn& offcer1 /aDor
E. (. Llo"d1 8+o 8as s)$$ortn& 'e 8+le '" 'an +ad &one for assstance.
/aDor Llo"d1 I a' sorr" to sa"1 s dead.9
(.) Can +e re'e'ber t+e time of t+s ncdentW 6as t 'ornn&1 noon1 or
n&+tW
%s far as 'e'or" ser2es1 I 8as 8o)nded abo)t @ P./. on ()nda"1 t+e
@t+ (e$te'ber *A<A.9
(;) -ad General R.1 before +e left +o'e1 $ro'sed or sad an"t+n& to
/rs. R. as to sendn& +s rn& to +er1 n case +e s+o)ld be 8o)ndedW
To t+e best of '" recollecton1 ne2er. !or +ad I an" 3nd of
$resent'ent on t+e s)bDect. I nat)rall" felt t+at 8t+ s)c+ a fre as 8e 8ere
e#$osed to I '&+t &et +)rt.9
T+e detals as to t+e rn& see' farl" to rase t+s case o)t of t+e
cate&or" of 'ere 2sons of absent $ersons 8+o are 3no8n to be n dan&er1
and 8t+ 8+o' t+e $erc$ent5s t+o)&+ts +a2e been an#o)sl" en&a&ed.
+(+ C . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .?.. T+e follo8n& narrat2e
8as sent to ,r. -od&son b" /r. 6lla' T)dorJ
%:B:R!,%LE1 /%((.1 7)l" **th, *A@>.
Yo)r fa2o)r of t+e ;>t+ )lt.1 addressed to /rs. T)dor1 I 8ll ans8er1 as
t+e ncdent 'ore drectl" concerned 'e.
Late n t+e e2enn& of /onda"1 /arc+ *=t+1 near 'dn&+t1 '" ne$+e81
4rederc T)dor1 D)n.1 fell n front of an electrc car &on& to Ca'brd&e1 8as
dra&&ed so'e dstance1 and so badl" nD)red t+at for a t'e +s lfe 8as n
do)bt1 t+o)&+ +e reco2ered 8t+ t+e loss of a foot. /" 8fe +eard of t+e
accdent on T)esda" afternoon1 and 8as ')c+ dstressed all t+e n&+t of
T)esda"1 and E)te restless and 8a3ef)l.
%t t+s t'e I 8as n Ganes2lle1 4lorda1 +a2n& '$ortant b)sness
t+ere n connecton 8t+ land $)rc+ases. On t+e n&+t of T)esda" I 8ent to
bed rat+er earl" n a cal' state of 'nd. I sle$t so)ndl"1 as I )s)all" do.
%bo)t 'dn&+t1 as I s+o)ld D)d&e1 I +eard '" 8fe call '" na'e E)te
dstnctl" and 8a3ed nstantl" broad a8a3e. I sat )$ n bed1 b)t soon
re'e'bern& 8+ere I 8as1 fell aslee$ a&an and 8a3ed no 'ore )ntl
'ornn&. T+e ne#t da" t+e ncdent of t+e n&+t 'ade 'e E)te )neas"1 also
d)rn& t+e follo8n& da"1 and +i,JPP- as I 8as obl&ed to lea2e on t+e
afternoon of 4rda" for a ro)&+ Do)rne" n t+e co)ntr"1 I tele&ra$+ed to '"
8fe to 3no8 8+at 8as t+e 'atter. I )s)all" rece2e a letter fro' +o'e
e2er" da" and on t+ese da"s no letter arr2ed1 8+c+ added to '"
)neasness. !o ans8er 8as rece2ed to '" frst tele&ra'1 for t+e 2er" &ood
reason t+at t 8as ne2er del2ered. I 8as obl&ed to start1 +o8e2er1 n t+e
afternoon of t+s da"1 4rda" t+e .*st1 and n t+e 'ornn& of t+e ..nd1 fro'
a s'all to8n called !e8 Branford1 sent anot+er tele&ra'1 of 8+c+ t+e
follo8n& s t+e s)bstanceJ (+all be &one t+ree da"sG 8+at +as +a$$enedW
%ns8er Branford.9 I +ad a stron& '$resson t+at so'et+n& sero)s +ad
occ)rred1 t+at '" 8fe 8as $ossbl" ll1 or so'e of t+e c+ldren 8ere ll1 or
t+at so'e accdent or deat+ +ad occ)rred to a near relaton1 not +o8e2er
n2ol2n& '" ''edate fa'l". T+e follo8n& e#tracts fro' '" letters 8ll
ll)strate t+s feeln&.
Letter of /arc+ *@t+J
I t+o)&+t "o) called 'e last n&+t1 I 8a3ed )$ and 8as ')c+ 8orred1 I
+o$e "o) are not ll.9
Letter of /arc+ ..nd1 fro' !e8 BranfordJ
!o ans8er co'es to '" tele&ra' alt+o)&+ I left 8ord to +a2e t
for8arded +ere.9 ()rel" so'e one 8o)ld tele&ra$+ f "o) 8ere ll. ()rel"
"o) 8o)ld let 'e 3no8 f an"t+n& +ad +a$$ened. I do not $ee t+at an"t+n&
sero)s +as +a$$ened1 and "et I cannot )nderstand s)c+ a co'bnaton of
crc)'stances.9 I +a2e no confdence n t+ese tele&ra$+ $eo$le1 and
daresa" "o) ne2er rece2ed '" 'essa&e.9
Letter of /arc+ .<t+1 fro' Ganes2lle1 after tele&ra' &2n& acco)nt of
accdent 8as fnall" rece2edJ
I +ad a feeln& t+at so'et+n& 8as 8ron&1 b)t t+at "o) 8ere all r&+t.9
()c+ I &2e as t+e s)bstance of t+e facts n t+s case1 8+c+ I tr)st 'a"
be nterestn& to t+e (ocet".
6ILLI%/ T:,OR.
/rs. 6. T)dor 8rtesJ
%:B:R!,%LE1 1uy .@th, *A@>.
/" ne$+e85s accdent occ)rred on /onda" n&+t. Ben& o)t of to8n I
+eard of t on T)esda" afternoon. I ''edatel" 8ent to Boston and
ret)rned t+e sa'e e2enn& abo)t nne o5cloc31 feeln& &reatl" dstressed. I
8rote a letter to '" +)sband after '" ret)rn descrbn& t+e accdent1 and
retred to bed rat+er late and $assed a restless n&+t. T+e tele&ra' rece2ed
fro' '" +)sband rat+er s)r$rsed 'e1 as +e s not )s)all" an#o)s 8+en
a8a" fro' +o'e. I bele2e t+s s all I 3no8 connected 8t+ t+s ncdent.
ELIV%BET- T:,OR.
+(, A . 6+en a $redcton affectn& t+e $erc$ent onl" s f)lflled1 t s
ob2o)sl" )nnecessar" to ascrbe t+e nfor'aton t+at +as been rece2ed to
an" e#ternal ntell&ence. %$art fro' t+e $ossblt" t+at t+e f)lfl'ent of
t+e $redcton 'a" be d)e s'$l" to selfCs)&&eston (on t+e effcac" of
8+c+ see sectons +09 and +10 )1 e2en 8+en t+e crss $redcted s deat+
tself1 8e 'a" n so'e cases s)$$ose t+at t+e s)bl'nal self +as b)t dra8n
an nference fro' ts $erce$ton of a dsease l3el" to be soon fatal. T+)s n
t+e follo8n& case (E)oted fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <.A) +eartC
dsease 'a" +a2e been far ad2anced1 )n3no8n to /r. Pratt5s 8a3n& self.
+i,JPG-
T+e follo8n& $ara&ra$+ 8as sent to ,r. -od&son fro' so'e )n3no8n
ne8s$a$erJ
V%LP%R%I(O1 I!,.1 1anuary *;th L*A@<M.
T+o'as Pratt1 an old resdent of t+s ct"1 8as fo)nd dead n +s bed t+s
'ornn&. -e 8as born n *A.; at Cle2eland1 O+o1 and 8as a 2eteran of t+e
c2l 8ar.
Pratt5s store on Colle&e -ll +as lon& been t+e 'eetn& $lace of a +alfC
doNen frends and oldCt'e co'rades of t+e $ro$retor. Last n&+t 8+en +s
frends ca'e n1 /r. Pratt told a drea' +e +ad +ad t+e n&+t $re2o)s. -e
+ad drea'ed t+at +e 8as dead1 "et +e $ossessed t+e $ec)lar $o8er of one n
a tranceto see all t+at 8ent on abo)t +'1 t+o)&+ +e 8as )nable to 'o2e
or s$ea3. -e +ad noted t+e $re$aratons for +s b)ral1 and +e e2en na'ed
t+e +alfCdoNen frends 8+o ser2ed as $allbearers. -e also told of t+e f)neral
ser2ces ben& +eld n t+e /e'oral -all1 and of +s rde to t+e ce'eter"
and t+e lo8ern& of +s coffn nto t+e &ra2e. %nd 8+en t+e frst drt 8as
t+ro8n )$on t+e bo# +e a8o3e fro' t+e trance and called to +s co'rades1
and t+e" dre8 +' fro' t+e &ra2e. T+e $allbearers of t+e drea' 8ll be t+e
$allbearers at +s b)ral1 /onda"1 8+c+ 8ll be fro' t+e ne8 /e'oral
-all.
L,r. -od&son a$$led to t+e $ost'aster at Val$araso and rece2ed t+e
follo8n& re$l"JM
V%LP%R%I(O1 I!,.1 1anuary .Bth, *A@<.
/r. Pratt told +s drea' t+e da" after t occ)rred and t+e da" before +e
ded1 to 7o+n C. 4lnt1 Geor&e -errn&ton1 6. (. 4lnt1 and %lbert %'os and
ot+ers. T+e" 8o)ld &2e "o) tr)t+f)l state'ents n re&ard to t.
/%RR L. ,ICROVER1 %ssstant Post'aster.
LIn a s)bseE)ent letter /r. ,c3o2er sa"s t+at a doctor1 arr2n& s+ortl"
after /r. Pratt5s deat+1 ascrbed t to +eartCdsease.
4)rt+er nE)res elcted t+e t8o letters 8+c+ follo8JM
V%LP%R%I(O1 I!,.1 9ebruary <th, *A@<.
RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1/Y ,E%R (IR1Yo)r co'')ncaton of t+e
.@t+ )lt.1 as3n& nfor'aton of t+e drea' 8+c+ T+o'as Pratt +ad
concernn& +s deat+1 +as been rece2ed.
On t+e n&+t $re2o)s to t+e n&+t on 8+c+ +e ded1 +e sad +e drea'ed
t+at +e ded at t8el2e o5cloc3.
,)rn& t+e drea' +e selected t+e $allbearers1 and see'ed to be
consco)s of all $roceedn&s of +s f)neral1 )ntl drt 8as t+ro8n on t+e
coffn1 8+c+ s)ddenl" aro)sed +'.
6ILLI%/ (. 4LI!T.
V%LP%R%I(O1 I!,.1 9ebruary .nd, *A@<.
,E%R (IR1Yo)rs of t+e .@t+ rece2ed. %s re&ards /r. T+o'as Pratt5s
drea' of 7an)ar" **t+J /r. Pratt 8as a 'erc+ant +ere. I 8ent n t+e store n
t+e 'ornn& of t+e *.t+ 7an)ar". -e related to 'e t+e crc)'stance of +s
drea'. -e sad t+at +e ded last n&+t. I sad1 6ell1 "o) are al2e "et.9 T+en
+e told 'e abo)t +s drea'. -e sad t+at +e drea't t+at +e ded and c+ose
+s $allbearers1 and 8as ta3en to t+e &ra2e1 and t+en lo8ered do8n. 6+en
t+e" be&an to $)t t+e drt on t+e coffn +e 8o3e )$. 6+en I 8ent +i,JPH-
do8n t+e ne#t 'ornn& +e 8as dead. -e ded ; %./.1 on t+e *;t+ of 7an)ar".
T+e sa'e $allbearers offcated +' to t+e &ra2e.
I 8as t+e frst one t+at +e related +s drea' to. -e la)&+ed at t t+e sa'e
da" t+at +e ded1 and sad t+at +e 8as &ood for fort" "ears lon&er. 6+en +e
ded +e 8as =* "ears old.
GEORGE -ERRI!GTO!.
Co'$are t+e case of C+rsto$+er Broo3s1 E)oted b" /rs. (d&8c31
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .@*. T+e doctor t+ere co)ld fnd not+n&
a'ssG "et ')st 8e not s)$$ose t+at so'e +eartCdsease alread" e#sted
8+en t+e $re'onton ca'eW %t an" rate t+e deat+ of a +ealt+" and
contented "o)n& 'an1 at a $redeter'ned da" and +o)r1 'erel" on acco)nt
of an '$resson rece2ed n a drea'1t+s 8o)ld be a res)lt &on& far
be"ond an" effcac" 8t+ 8+c+ 'ere )ns)$$orted s)&&eston +as +t+erto
been credted.
+(, B . In t+e ne#t case (ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ?>@)1
t+e $reco&nton does not refer to a dan&er t+reatenn& t+e $erc$ent
+'selfG t+ere s1 'oreo2er1 an ele'ent of coectivity n t. T+e acco)nt 8as
addressed to Professor 7a'es.
4OR!EY1 TE0.1 9ebruary *st, *A@<.
PRO4. 6ILLI%/ 7%/E(1,E%R (IR1Re$l"n& to "o)r reE)est1 I fnd
t +ard for 'e to $resent to "o) t+e $re'onton9 as t '$ressed 'e.
In t+e frst $lace I 8ll state t+at I a'1 or +a2e been1 n $erfect +ealt+. I
a' not n t+e least s)$erstto)s and a' not s)bDect to +all)cnatons1 and
+a2e ne2er ta3en b)t lttle nterest n t+e n2est&aton of s)c+ $+eno'ena.
T+ree "ears a&o last ,ece'ber '" son1 t+en e&+teen "ears of a&e1 left
+o'e to acce$t a $oston n a dr)&C+o)se n an adDonn& co)nt". I 8as
$erfectl" 8lln& for +' to &o1 and ne2er felt a 'o'ent5s )neasness abo)t
+'. Last s)''er I too3 an e#tended tr$ east and 8as &one so'e t'e.
,)rn& '" absence I ne2er once felt t+e least a$$re+enson abo)t '" son or
an" 'e'ber of '" fa'l". I a' nat)rall" of a b)o"ant ds$oston. (o'e
t'e last fall1 n a 2a&)e and ndescrbable 8a"1 I beca'e dssatsfed abo)t
'" son. I can5t sa" I 8as )neas"onl" dssatsfedt+o)&+ I cannot tell
8+". I 8rote +' se2eral letters'ore t+an I +ad 8rtten +' t+e entre
t+ree "ears of +s absence. Earl" n !o2e'ber +e ca'e +o'e on a 2st1 and
after +e left1 I see'ed to &et 'ore tro)bled and dssatsfed abo)t +'G t
8as not )neasness or a$$re+enson as to an" dan&er1 s'$l" I 8as
dssatsfed and tro)bled abo)t +'. I cannot e#$lan '" feeln&s. %s near as
I can re'e'ber1 I felt D)st as I dd after '" fat+er5s deat+1 8+en I 8as E)te
a s'all bo". It see'ed t+at t+e l&+t +ad s)ddenl" &one o)t of '" lfe and
t+ere 8as not+n& left for 'e to l2e for. % 8e&+t l3e a 'llCstone see'ed
cr)s+n& o)t '" lfe. I re'ar3ed often to '" frends t+at l2n& see'ed to
+a2e lost ts attracton for 'e. %s ,ece'ber 8ore alon& t+s feeln& beca'e
ntensfed1 and n so'e 8a" '" son see'ed to be t+e centre of t all. Often
I 8o)ld a8a3e n t+e n&+t t+n3n& abo)t +'1 and so '$ressed 8t+ t+e
e'$tness and +ollo8ness of lfe t+at I co)ld not slee$. On t+e 'ornn& of
t+e *@t+ L*=t+M of ,ece'ber I a8o3e so'e t'e before da". It see'ed t+at I
+ad reac+ed a crss. I &ot )$ and 3ndled a fre 8t+o)t dst)rbn& an"
'e'ber of '" fa'l". In all '" lfe I do not re'e'ber e2er don& s)c+ a
t+n& before. I sat do8n b" t+e fre to t+n3. I cannot e#$lan t+e a8f)l
8e&+t t+at o$$ressed 'e. I dd not 3no8 8+at t 8as1 nor +i,JPI- 8+at 8as
t+e 'atter 8t+ 'e1 "et n no 8a" dd I antc$ate tro)ble or dan&er to '"
son. %bo)t = %./. '" 8fe a8o3e1 and sttn& n t+e bed1 told 'e a drea'
t+at 8as stran&el" '$ressn& +er1n fact1 t ca)sed +er to a8a3e.
I t+o)&+t19 s+e sad1 t+at "o) 8ere n a stran&e $lace1 and a'on&
$eo$le I +ad ne2er seen before. It 8as a lar&e fa'l" of $eo$le1 8t+ se2eral
s'all c+ldren 8+o 8ere &on& to sc+ool and a &ro8nC)$ da)&+ter. I ca'e
to t+e $lace n a 8a&on1 b)t "o) 8ere t+ere alread". I t+o)&+t "o) 8ere 2er"
nt'ate 8t+ t+e fa'l". T+e lar&e &rl sat n "o)r la$ and $)t +er ar's
ro)nd "o)r nec3 and 3ssed "o) re$eatedl". 6+le I 8as 8ondern& 8+ere
"o) +ad 'et t+ese $eo$le to beco'e so nt'ate 8t+ t+e'1 "o) s)ddenl"
dro$$ed o2er and ded. %nd I a8o3e.9
I re$led to +er t+at I felt 8retc+ed eno)&+ to 8s+ t+e drea' a realt"G
t+at I 8as so tro)bled abo)t 6alter t+at lfe +ad beco'e a b)rden. %fter
brea3fast I &ot '" 8rtn& 'ateral1 and called '" da)&+ter and told +er to
8rte 6alter a letter at once and tell +' to co'e +o'e. To be s)re and &et
+er letter off b" t+e frst 'al tran. I t+en rode o)t to one of '" far's for
recreaton. %bo)t *. /. I rece2ed a des$atc+ to t+e effect t+at '" son 8as
badl" +)rt and 8as )nconsco)s. I boarded a fre&+t tran and +)rred at
once to t+e scene1 8t+ t+e )nderstandn& t+at '" 8fe and da)&+ter co'e
later on t+e $assen&er. !o81 r&+t +ere co'es n a re'ar3able feat)re n t+at
stran&e 'atter. T+ro)&+ so'e 's)nderstandn& t+e" faled to catc+ t+e
tran and +ad to &et $r2ate con2e"ance and co'e drectl" across t+e
co)ntr". B" t+er c+an&n& +orses at eac+ lttle to8n1 t+e" 8ere enabled to
reac+ '" son b" ** o5cloc3 at n&+t. T+e accdent +ad +a$$ened near t+e
resdence of a 'ost e#cellent far'er1 8+ose da)&+ter '" son +ad been lon&
2stn&. To t+e +o)se of t+s &entle'an +e 8as ta3en1 as t 8as not onl"
near b"1 b)t 8as t+e +o)se of +s best frends. -e +ad a lar&e fa'l" of
c+ldren 8+o 8ere all dee$l" attac+ed to '" son. Of a tr)t+1 I co)ld not sa"
t+at 8e s)ffered 'ore t+an dd t+ose $eo$le beca)se of '" son5s deat+.
6+en '" 8fe entered t+e roo' 8+ere o)r bo" la" )nconsco)s1 t+s &rl I
s$ea3 of 8as standn& at t+e +ead of +s bed 8ee$n&. (+e &a2e a &lance
aro)nd1 and t+en 8+s$ered n '" ear1 T+s s '" drea'Z T+s s t+e roo'
I sa8 "o) nt+ese are t+e $eo$le I drea'ed of.9 E2en +er tr$ t+ere n a
8a&on 8as a 2erfcaton of +er drea'1 and t+e fa'l" 8ere D)st s)c+ $eo$le
as s+e descrbed to 'e2er" $lan1 b)t 'ost e#cellent co)ntr" $eo$le.9
T+e 2er" nat)re of t+e co)ntr" t+ro)&+ 8+c+ s+e tra2elled 8as n $erfect
f)lfl'ent of +er drea'1 as 8as also t+e scener" s)rro)ndn& t+e +o)se.
In concl)son I 8ll sa" t+at t+e +ea2ness of feeln& t+at so o$$ressed
'e +as all dsa$$eared. I +a2e ne2er felt t+at $ec)lar1 t+at ndescrbable
8e&+t t+at 8as cr)s+n& o)t '" 2er" lfe1 snce ()nda" 'ornn&1 t+e *=t+
of ,ece'ber. Of co)rse1 I feel sad beca)se of '" loss1 b)t t s alto&et+er a
dfferent feeln&.
T. 4. IVEY.
/rs. I2e" adds t+e follo8n& corroboratonJ
9ebruary *<th, *A@<.
PRO4. 7%/E(18as after da"l&+t on t+e 'ornn& of *=t+ ,ece'ber
*A@;1 t+at I +ad t+e drea'. I t+o)&+t t+at I 8as at a stran&e $lace. I +ad &one
t+ere n a 8a&on. I +ad no recollecton of '" +)sband &on& 8t+ 'e1 b)t +e
8as t+ere and see'ed to be a $artc)lar frend of t+e fa'l". It 8as a lar&e
fa'l"1 and I 8as 2er" ')c+ str)c3 8t+ t+er 'anner and dress and &eneral
a$$earance. I obser2ed t+e +o)se closel" and t+e scantness of ts f)rnt)re
and t+e sl$s+od 8a" t see'ed to be 3e$t. T+e c+ldren 8ere &ettn& +i,
JPJ- lessons1 and 8o)ld &o to '" +)sband for assstance. T+e lar&est one of
t+e c+ldren1 a &rl abo)t b)ddn& nto 8o'an+ood1 sat on '" +)sband5s la$
and 8as 2er" affectonate. I 8as not t+e least Dealo)s of t+s &rl1 onl" I
8ondered +o8 n t+e 8orld ca'e '" +)sband so nt'ate 8t+ t+ose $eo$le
8+o' I +ad ne2er seen or e2en +eard of before. T+e" dd not see' to $a"
an" attenton to 'e1 b)t to de2ote t+e'sel2es entrel" to '" +)sband1 8+o
see'ed to be t+e centre of attracton. ()ddenl" '" +)sband dro$$ed o2er
and ded1and t+en I see'ed to be at +o'e1 and a8o3e.
%bo)t *. /. t+e sa'e da"1 8e &ot a tele&ra' fro' Co$e2lle1 Te#.1 t+at
o)r son 8as fatall" nD)red1 and to co'e at once. /" +)sband 8ent
''edatel" on a fre&+t tran. T+ro)&+ so'e 's)nderstandn& I +ad to &o
n a $r2ate con2e"ance across t+e co)ntr". %s soon as I entered t+e +o)se I
t+o)&+t of '" drea'1 for t 8as all D)st as I +ad drea't1 e2en t+e +o)se and
ts s)rro)ndn&s. T+e $ec)lar dress and 'anner of t+e $eo$le1 t+er
scantness of f)rnt)re and ne&l&ent +o)se3ee$n&1 e2en to t+e c+ldren
&ettn& t+er lessons1 and t+e lar&er &rl 8+o 8e$t o2er o)r son l3e +er +eart
8o)ld brea3all 8ere D)st as I +ad drea'ed t+at 2er" 'ornn&. !o one
co)ld +a2e told t+at t+e dead bo" 8as not t+er son nstead of o)rs. 6e
learned t+at +e 8as ndeed an nt'ate and 'ost $artc)lar frend of t+e
fa'l"G t+at +e s$ent 'ore of +s t'e t+ere t+an an"8+ere elseG t+at all t+e
c+ldren loo3ed on +' as a brot+er and t+at t+e lar&er &rl lo2ed +' 'ore
t+an a brot+er. 6t+ t+e sn&le e#ce$ton of $)ttn& '" +)sband n $lace of
'" son1 t+e drea' 8as a real and 22d antc$aton of t+e act)al.
%. L. IVEY.
E2en t+s &reat nacc)rac"t+e s)bstt)ton of t+e +)sband for t+e son
does not1 I t+n31 destro" t+e '$resson of a tr)e relaton bet8een t+e
act)al and t+e 2sonar" scene.
In a s)bseE)ent letter /r. I2e" &2es so'e f)rt+er $artc)larsJ
4OR!EY1 TE0%(1 Apri .>th, *A@?.
/R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1Re$l"n& to "o)rs of t+e *.t+
nst.1
I 8ll sa"J
*st. /" son 8as +)rt abo)t **.;> %./. ()nda"1 ,ece'ber *=t+1 *A@;.
.nd. I 8o3e abo)t ; %./. t+e sa'e 'ornn&1 b)t not ben& able to &o
bac3 to slee$ fro' so'e )ndefnable ca)se1 I &ot )$ abo)t < o5cloc3 and
3ndled a fre and re'aned )$.
;rd. -e 8as ret)rnn& fro' c+)rc+ 8t+ t8o ot+er "o)n& 'en n a b)&&"
8+en t+e +orses too3 fr&+t1 and1 r)nnn& a8a"1 ca'e n contact 8t+ a tree
8+c+1 str3n& '" son1 $rod)ced t+e fatal nD)res fro' 8+c+ +e ded.
<t+. T+e blo8 $rod)ced conc)sson of t+e bran1 fro' 8+c+ +e 8as
)nconsco)s t+e &reater $art of t+e t'e. -e ded abo)t * %./.1 T)esda"
*@t+.
%fter 'ore t+an a "ear I 3no8 of not+n& I can add to t+e letter I 8rote
Prof. 7a'es. I bele2e t contaned as near t+e tr)t+ as t 8as $ossble for 'e
to 8rte. %s near as I can re'e'ber1 for s# 8ee3s or 'ore before t+e
accdent I 8as to a &reat e#tent t8o dfferent dstnct $ersons. ,)rn& t+e
da"1 I 8as '" nor'al selfsatsfednterested n '" b)sness and &on&
alon& as )s)al. B)t at n&+t I 8as alto&et+er anot+er $erson. I 8o)ld
&enerall" ta3e a s+ort na$ and t+en a8a3e 8t+ t+e 'ost a8f)l feeln& of
8e&+t and de$resson t+at t s $ossble to conce2e of. I co)ld seldo' slee$
all n&+t (t+o)&+ I a' )s)all" a so)nd slee$er)1 I 8o)ld le and toss 2anl"
tr"n& to slee$feeln& all t+e t'e t+at t+ere 8as not+n& 'ore to l2e for
t+at all t+at 8as 8ort+ l2n& for +ad +i,JPK- &one o)t of '" lfet+at I
+ad l2ed too lon&and t+at '" lfe 8as not+n& +encefort+ b)t a b)rden.
6+en I 8o)ld a8a3e after a s+ort na$1 I felt l3e I 'a&ne a $erson ')st
feel 8+o 8as to +a2e been +an&ed t+at da" and realsed t+e dreadf)l fact
''edatel" after a8a3enn&. T+s e#$resses t better t+an an"t+n& I can
t+n3 of. I once called t+e attenton of a frend to '" sn&)lar condtont
8as so'et+n& )n)s)al n '" lfeI co)ldn5t )nderstand tI re'ar3ed to
+' t+at I 8as so lo8Cs$rted as soon as I 8ent to bed t+at I co)ld not rest1
and t+at I co)ld see no sense n t1 as '" b)sness 8as n &ood condton. I
t+o)&+t $ossbl" t+at I 8as &on& to be sc31 as I 8as onl" tro)bled at n&+t
and 8as as c+eerf)l and f)ll of lfe d)rn& t+e da" as I )s)all" a'. I don5t
3no81 for so'e t'e1 t+at t+s state of 'nd 8as n an" 8a" assocated 8t+
'" son1 b)t &rad)all" +e beca'e t+e centre1 as t 8ere1 aro)nd 8+c+ t+e
a8f)lness see'ed to cr"stallse. On ()nda" 'ornn&1 ,ece'ber *=t+1 I
a8o3e abo)t ; o5cloc31 and t+e feeln& 8as so +ea2" t+at I co)ld not stand t
and &ot )$ and 'ade 'e a fre. %s soon as brea3fast 8as o2er I &ot $en and
$a$er and ordered '" da)&+ter to 8rte to 6alter to come home at once.
I re'e'ber 8ell 8al3n& t+e floor after brea3fastG and1 t)rnn& to a
frend 8+o 8as at '" +o)se1 I re'ar3ed to +'1 7o1 I a' tro)bled to deat+
abo)t 6alterI see a+ead of +'and there is ruin.9 I t+en called '"
da)&+ter1 and1 &ettn& 'ateral and $lacn& t on t+e table before +er1
ordered +er to 8rte to 6alter t+en to come home at once.
:nderstand t+o)&+1 I ne2er drea'ed of an" accdent +a$$enn& to +'
t+at da"I ne2er t+o)&+t of +s &ettn& +)rt1 or I 8o)ld +a2e tele&ra$+ed to
+'. I 8as s'$l" tro)bled to deat+ abo)t +' and co)ldn5t tell 8+". It
ne2er once crossed '" 'nd t+at +e 8as n an" dan&er at all. I +ad no
$re'onton of an" e2l +a$$enn& to +'. I 8as s'$l" tro)bled to deat+1
and +e see'ed to be t+e centre of t. I a' a far'er. B)c3le sa"s t+at far'ers
and salors are t+e 'ost s)$erstto)s of $eo$le. Possbl" t+s 'a" be tr)e1
b)t I don5t t+n3 I a' t+e least so. I ne2er +ad an"t+n& n t+e 8a" of a
$re'onton n '" lfe before1 t+o)&+ I once +ad a re'ar3able e#$erence n
connecton 8t+ '" frst c+ld 8+o ded at nne "ears of a&eG stll t 8as n
no sense a $re'onton. In t+e 8+ole ran&e of +)'an e#$erence I 3no8 of
no class of $+eno'ena so ne#$lcable as $re'ontons. E2en f ($rt)als'
be tr)e1 I cannot see +o8 s$rt nterco)rse can e#$lan t.
T. 4. IVEY.
T+s case see's to tell a&anst t+e 2e8 t+at t+e fat+er5s transcendental
fores&+t dscerned t+e accdent lon& before+and. It s)&&ests rat+er t+at
so'e ntell&ence to 8+c+ t+e '$endn& accdent 8as lon& $re2o)sl"
3no8n 'a" +a2e endea2o)red to nfor' t+e fat+er1 b)t onl" 8+en t+e
accdent 8as D)st abo)t to occ)r 8as able to '$ress t+e fat+er stll 'ore
stron&l"1 and also to nfor' t+e 'ot+er of t+e e2ent1 t+o)&+ 8t+ ')c+
s"'bolc conf)son.
Can 8e s)$$ose t+at t+e bo"5s o8n s$rt 8as t+)s a8are before+and of
+s o8n '$endn& deat+1 and 8as able to trans't t+e 3no8led&e to t+e
fat+er1 alt+o)&+ not to t+e bo"5s o8n s)$ral'nal consco)sness8t+ t+e
desre1 $er+a$s1 t+at t+e fat+er s+o)ld a2ert t+e accdent b" s)''onn& t+e
bo" +o'eW 4arCfetc+ed t+o)&+ t+s so)nds1 8e +a2e a fe8 cases of soCcalled
bans+ees9 8+ere t+e fact t+at all t+e fa'l" e0cept the dying man himse$
are ro)sed b" t+e alar'n& so)nds1 loo3s as t+o)&+ t+ose $re'ontor"
so)nds 8ere so'e+o8 ca)sed b" t+e s$rt 8+c+ s +i,JPL- abo)t to E)t t+e
fles+ (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;>=). B)t t+e e2dence for
bans+ees9 and do)bles9 s too scant" to D)stf" nsstence on t+s 2e81
and 8e s+all $resentl" fnd t+at t+e a&enc" of dse'boded s$rts s 'ore
often s)&&ested.
+(, C . In so'e cases t+e $re'ontor" drea'1 alt+o)&+ t 'a" +a2e
'ade a 22d '$resson1 and $er+a$s +a2e e2en been narrated to ot+ers1 s
t+en a$$arentl" clean for&otten )ntl t+e 'o'ent of ts f)lfl'ent.
/rs. (d&8c3 +as D)stl" )r&ed (of a s'lar case) t+at t+s loo3s rat+er
as t+o)&+ 8e 8ere dealn& 8t+ a $se)doC'e'or"1 created b" t+e 2er"
crc)'stance 8+c+ see's 'erel" to revive t.
*
T+ere 'a"1 +o8e2er1 be
anot+er e#$lanaton. 6e 3no8 t+at 8+en a s)&&eston s &2en to a &ood
s)bDect n t+e +"$notc trance to t+e effect t+at +e 8ll (sa") o$en t+e
8ndo8 +alfCanC+o)r after a8a3n&1 +e $asses t+at +alfC+o)r n
)nconsco)sness of t+e order1 8+c+ order ne2ert+eless +e f)lfls at t+e r&+t
'n)te. 6ell1 8+le +e s t+)s f)lflln& t1 or D)st before +e f)lfls t1 +e
la$ses nto a state 'ore a3n to t+e +"$notc state n 8+c+ +e rece2ed t+e
order t+an to t+e 8a3n& state n 8+c+ +e +as snce re'aned. T+e 'e'or"
of 8+at +e +as to do co'es to +' onl" D)st n t'e1 and der2es ts effcac"
fro' a $artal recr)descence of t+e condton n 8+c+ +e 8as 8+en +e
acce$ted t+e order. E2en t+)s1 $er+a$s1 8e '&+t b" analo&" consder t+e
condton of t+e drea'er of a $reco&nt2e drea' as a secondar" state1 t+e
recollecton of 8+c+ +as a tendenc" to fade fro' t+e 8a3n& 'nd1 b)t
8+c+ s $artall" re22ed 8+en t+e $ref&)red ncdent8+c+ beongs n a
sense to t+e secondar" states)ddenl" $resents tself n t+e 8a3n& da".
T+e follo8n& case1 fro' a lad" 3no8n to 'e1 s nterestn& n t+s
connectonG snce a drea' s at frst re'e'bered so '$ress2el" as to affect
acton1 s t+en a$$arentl" for&otten1 and fnall" re22es n 'e'or" D)st n
t'e to enable t+e drea'er to a2ert ts co'$lete f)lfl'ent I E)ote t+e case
fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <@=.
On t+e second occason '" 8arnn& n drea' dd $robabl" $re2ent a
rat+er sero)s accdent. 6e 8ere l2n& n abo)t *AA1 n -ertford (treet1
/a"far. One da" I deter'ned t+at on t+e 'orro8 I 8o)ld dr2e to
6ool8c+ n o)r bro)&+a'1 ta3n& '" lttle c+ld and n)rse1 to s$end t+e
da" 8t+ a relaton. ,)rn& t+e n&+t I +ad a $anf)ll" clear drea' n 2son
of t+e bro)&+a' t)rnn& )$ one of t+e streets nort+ of Pccadll"G and t+en
of '"self standn& on t+e $a2e'ent and +oldn& '" c+ld1 o)r old
coac+'an falln& on +s +ead on t+e road1+s +at s'as+ed n. T+s so
')c+ dsco'$osed 'e t+at 8+en n t+e 'ornn& I sent for t+e coac+'an to
&2e +' +s orders1 I al'ost +o$ed t+at so'e obstacle to t+e dr2e '&+t
arse1 so t+at I '&+t +a2e an e#c)se for &on& b" tran. T+e coac+'an 8as
an old and 2al)ed ser2ant. I as3ed +' f +e 8o)ld +a2e t+e carra&e read"
to dr2e to 6ool8c+ at ten. -e 8as not &2en to 'a3n& dffc)ltesG b)t +e
+estated1 and 8+en I s)&&ested ele2en1 nstead1 +e sad t+at +e 8o)ld $refer
t+at +o)r. -e &a2e no reason for +s +i,JPM- +estaton1 and sad t+at t+e
+orse 8as E)te 8ell. I told +' al'ost ea&erl" t+at I co)ld E)te 8ell &o b"
tranG b)t +e sad t+at all 8as r&+t.
6e 8ent to 6ool8c+ and s$ent t+e da". %ll 8ent 8ell )ntl 8e reac+ed
Pccadll" on t+e ret)rn Do)rne". T+en I sa8 t+at ot+er coac+'en 8ere
loo3n& at )sG and loo3n& t+ro)&+ t+e &lass front of t+e bro)&+a' I sa8
t+at t+e coac+'an 8as leann& bac3 n +s seat1 as t+o)&+ t+e +orse 8ere
$)lln& 2olentl"1 of 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 I felt no s&n. 6e t)rned )$ ,o8n
(treet. -e retaned +s attt)de. /" drea' flas+ed bac3 )$on 'e. I called to
+' to sto$1 D)'$ed o)t1 ca)&+t +old of '" c+ld1 and called to a $olce'an
to catc+ t+e coac+'an. 7)st as +e dd so t+e coac+'an s8a"ed and fell off
t+e bo#. If I +ad been n t+e least less $ro'$t1 +e 8o)ld +a2e fallen D)st as I
sa8 +' n '" drea'. I fo)nd after8ards t+at t+e $oor 'an +ad been
s)ffern& fro' a sero)s attac3 of darr+oea on t+e $re2o)s da"1 and +ad
&rad)all" fanted fro' e#+a)ston d)rn& t+e dr2e +o'e. -e 8as absol)tel"
soberG and +s onl" 'sta3e +ad been n t+n3n& t+at +e 8as stron& eno)&+
to )nderta3e t+e lon& dr2e. In t+s case '" $re'ontor" drea' dffered
fro' t+e realt" n t8o $onts. In '" drea' 8e a$$roac+ed ,o8n (treet
fro' t+e 8estG n realt" 8e ca'e fro' t+e east. In '" drea' t+e coac+'an
act)all" fell on +s +eadG t+e cr)s+n& of +s +at on t+e road ben& t+e 'ost
22d $ont of t+e drea'. In realt" t+s 8as D)st a2erted b" t+e $ro'$t
acton 8+c+ '" an#o)s 'e'or" of t+e drea' ns$red.
(&ned LL%,Y V.M
T+e aversion of t+e f)lfl'ent1 b" reasonable $reca)ton1 s +ere an
'$ortant feat)re. %not+er drea' of t+e sa'e lad"5s $resents )s 8t+ a fatal
f)lfl'ent occ)rrn& n s$te of t+e drea'er5s aro)sed an#et". B)t n t+at
case no $reca)tons 8ere ta3en1nor ndeed co)ld t+e" +a2e been easl"
ta3en1to a2ert t+e cala't".
I a' not )s)all" a &reat drea'erG b)t on t8o occasons1 and t8o
occasons onl" n '" lfe1 I +a2e acted on drea's or '$ressons1 and n
eac+ case t+ere see's to +a2e been so'e 'eann& n t+e '$resson 8+c+ I
rece2ed.
In or abo)t t+e "ear *ABB1 Lord V. and I 8ere n+abtn& a +o)se n
C+arles (treet1 /a"far. 6e +ad b)lt o)t a bedroo' nto t+e s'all co)rt
be+nd. T+s bedroo' 8as se$arated onl" b" a narro8 $assa&e or str$ of
co)rt fro' o)r ne&+bo)r /rs. L.5s 3tc+en1 8+c+ 8as b)lt o)t nto t+e
co)rt n t+e sa'e fas+on1 and 8as of one store" onl".
In t+e 'ddle of a 2er" cold n&+t I 8as s)ddenl" a8a3ened b" a +ea2"
fall nto t+s $assa&e o)tsde o)r bedroo' 8all1 as f so'e +ea2" bod" +ad
fallen nto t fro' t+e roof of /rs. L.5s 3tc+en. I lstened1 ')c+ alar'ed1
and +eard &roans fro' t+e $assa&e. I t+o)&+t t+at so'e b)r&lar +ad sl$$ed
fro' t+e 3tc+en roof do8n on to t+e $a2e'ent and 8as l"n& t+ere nD)red.
I be&&ed Lord V. to &et )$ and loo3G b)t +e co)ld +ear not+n&1 and told 'e
t+at I +ad been drea'n&. I 8ent to slee$ a&an at len&t+G b)t 8as a&an
a8a3ened b" a s'lar t+)d n t+e $assa&e. I no8 be&&ed Lord V. so
earnestl" to loo3 t+at +e &ot )$ and $artall" dressed and o$ened a door on
t+e &ro)nd floor 8+c+ led nto t+s $assa&e. T+e 'oon 8as s+nn&
br&+tl"1 and t+ere 8as no trace 8+ate2er of an"t+n& )n)s)al. /)c+
$er$le#ed1 I a&an 8ent to slee$. %fter I +ad left t+e bedroo' n t+e
'ornn&1 a ser2ant ca'e to as3 'e 8+et+er +e '&+t &et read" a bedroo' to
rece2e a 8or3'an 8+o +ad co'e to 8or3 on t+e roof of /rs. L.5s 3tc+en1
and +ad fallen nto t+e +i,JPN- $assa&e fro' t+e 3tc+enCroof1 D)st as I +ad
t+o)&+t t+at I +eard a 'an fall so'e fe8 +o)rs $re2o)sl".
T+e $re'onton1 f s)c+ t 8as1 8as +ere of no s$ecal use. It see'ed as
t+o)&+ I +ad rece2ed an nt'aton of a co'n& fact 8+c+ onl" concerned
'e b" ts 'ere $+"scal nearness.
(&ned LL%,Y V.M
Lord V. s no lon&er l2n&1 so t+at +s corroboraton of t+s ncdent
co)ld not be obtaned.
+(, D . -ere a&an s a case 8+ere a so'e8+at co'$le# scene1
n2ol2n& t+e acton of se2eral $ersons1 s drea't and narrated before+and.
It s E)oted fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <@*1 t+e acco)nt ben&
&2en b" /r. -a&&ard1 of t+e Brts+ Cons)late1 Treste1 %)stra.
September .*st, *A@;.
% fe8 'ont+s a&o I +ad an e#traordnarl" 22d drea'1 and 8a3n& )$
re$eated t to '" 8fe at once. %ll I drea't act)all" occ)rred abo)t s#
8ee3s after8ards1 t+e detals of '" drea' falln& o)t e#actl" as drea't.
T+ere see's to +a2e been no $)r$ose 8+atsoe2er n t+e drea'G and one
cannot +el$ t+n3n&1 8+at 8as t+e &ood of tW
I drea't t+at I 8as as3ed to dnner b" t+e Ger'an Cons)lCGeneral1 and
acce$tn&1 8as )s+ered nto a lar&e roo' 8t+ tro$+es of East %frcan ar's
on s+elds a&anst t+e 8alls. (N. ).I +a2e '"self been a &reat deal n East
%frca.)
%fter dnner I 8ent to ns$ect t+e ar's1 and a'on&st t+e' sa8 a
bea)tf)ll" &oldC'o)nted s8ord 8+c+ I $onted o)t to t+e 4renc+ VceC
Cons)l8+o at t+at 'o'ent Doned 'eas +a2n& $robabl" been a $resent
fro' t+e ()ltan of VanNbar to '" +ost t+e Ger'an Cons)lCGeneral.
%t t+at 'o'ent t+e R)ssan Cons)l ca'e )$ too. -e $onted o)t +o8
s'all 8as t+e +lt of t+e s8ord and +o8 '$ossble n conseE)ence t 8o)ld
be for a E)ro$ean to )se t+e 8ea$on1 and 8+lst tal3n& +e 8a2ed +s ar' n
an e#cted 'anner o2er +s +ead as f +e 8as 8eldn& t+e s8ord1 and to
ll)strate 8+at +e 8as sa"n&.
%t t+at 'o'ent I 8o3e )$ and 'ar2elled so at t+e 22dness of t+e
drea' t+at I 8o3e '" 8fe )$ too and told t to +er.
%bo)t s# 8ee3s after8ards '" 8fe and '"self 8ere as3ed to dne 8t+
t+e Ger'an Cons)lCGeneralG b)t t+e drea' +ad lon& been for&otten b" )s
bot+.
6e 8ere s+o8n nto a lar&e 8t+dra8n& roo' 8+c+ I +ad ne2er been
n before1 b)t 8+c+ so'e+o8 see'ed fa'lar to 'e. %&anst t+e 8alls
8ere so'e bea)tf)l tro$+es of East %frcan ar's1 a'on&st 8+c+ 8as a
&oldC+lted s8ord1 a &ft to '" +ost fro' t+e ()ltan of VanNbar.
To 'a3e a lon& stor" s+ort1 e2er"t+n& +a$$ened e#actl" as I +ad drea't
b)t I ne2er re'e'bered t+e drea' )ntl t+e R)ssan Cons)l be&an to
8a2e +s ar' o2er +s +ead1 8+en t ca'e bac3 to 'e l3e a flas+.
6t+o)t sa"n& a 8ord to t+e R)ssan Cons)l and 4renc+ VceCCons)l
(8+o' I left standn& before t+e tro$+")1 I 8al3ed E)c3l" across to '"
8fe1 8+o 8as standn& at t+e entrance of a bo)dor o$enn& o)t of t+e
8t+dra8n& roo'1 and sad to +erJ ,o "o) re'e'ber '" drea' abo)t t+e
VanNbar ar'sW9 (+e re'e'bered e2er"t+n& $erfectl"1 and 8as a 8tness
+i,JPO- to ts realsaton. On t+e s$ot 8e nfor'ed all t+e $ersons concerned
of t+e drea'1 8+c+ nat)rall" ')c+ nterested t+e'.
/rs. -a&&ard5s corroboraton of +er +)sband5s drea' and ts f)lfl'ent
r)ns as follo8sJ
TRIE(TE1 <ctober .>th, *A@;.
I re'e'ber ben& a8o3e one n&+t b" '" +)sband to +ear a c)ro)sl"
22d drea' +e +ad D)st +ad. It s no8 so'e 'ont+s a&o1 and $ossbl" so'e
of t+e 'ore 'n)te detals of +s relaton 'a" +a2e esca$ed '" 'e'or"1
b)t 8+at I re'e'ber of +s drea' s t+e follo8n&. -e drea'ed t+at 8e
8ere dnn& 8t+ t+e Ger'an Cons)lCGeneral1 8+ose dra8n&Croo'1 a
re'ar3abl" +andso'e a$art'ent1 8as orna'ented 8t+ tro$+es of ar's
fro' t+e East Coast of %frca. -a2n& been n t+ose re&ons +'self1 +e felt
so'e nterest n t+e'1 and 8ent nearer to e#a'ne t+e' 'ore closel".
6+le +e 8as don& so1 t+e R)ssan Cons)l ca'e )$1 and n +s )s)al rat+er
e#ctable fas+on be&an flo)rs+n& +s ar'1 as +e dlated )$on t+e
e#traordnar" s'allness of t+e nat2e +and for 8+c+ t+e +lt of a certan
s8ord ')st +a2e been des&ned. T+at s 8+at I recollect of t+e drea'. Its
f)lfl'ent too3 $lace a fe8 8ee3s later 8+en t+e crc)'stance of t+e drea'
+ad al'ost $assed fro' o)r t+o)&+ts.
6e dned one e2enn& 8t+ t+e Ger'an Cons)lCGeneral1 t+e R)ssan
Cons)l ben& also $resent1 a'on& ot+ers. %fter dnner '" +)sband 8ent to
e#a'ne one of t+e tro$+es of East %frcan ar's1 8t+ 8+c+ t+e roo'as
n +s drea'18as +)n&. 6+le +e 8as don& so1 t+e R)ssan Cons)l 8ent
)$ to s$ea3 to +' )$on t+e s)bDect1 and t+e dra'atc no)rs+ of +s ar'1
8t+ 8+c+ +e e'$+assed +s con2ersaton1 at once recalled t+e drea'1 n
8+c+ t +ad ta3en $lace1 so 22dl" to '" +)sband5s 'nd1 t+at +e
''edatel" crossed t+e roo' to 'e1 and as3ed 'e f I dd not re'e'ber t
also1 8+c+ of co)rse I dd1 t+o)&+1 as I 8as tal3n& to so'e one else at t+e
t'e1 and onl" 3ne8 t+e roo' $re2o)sl" b" '" +)sband5s descr$ton of +s
drea'1 t+e concdence '&+t not +a2e occ)rred to 'e +ad +e not called '"
attenton to t. ,rectl" +e dd so1 +o8e2er1 b" as3n& 'e f I dd not
re'e'ber +s drea'1 I recollected E)te 8ell all t+e detals I +a2e
$re2o)sl" 'entoned.
%G!E( /. -%GG%R,.
Belo8 are &2en a letter fro' /r. Role'ne1 R)ssan Cons)l1 and a
state'ent fro' -err /c+abelles1 Ger'an Cons)lCGeneral at Treste1 bot+
of 8+o' 8ere 8tnesses of t+e f)lfl'ent of /r. -a&&ard5s drea'1 and of
t+e &reat '$resson 8+c+ t 'ade )$on +' at t+e t'e.
/onse)r -a&&ard1 'on collP&)e d5%n&leterre1 en a e) )n trPs
re'arE)able a) $ont de 2)e $s"c+olo&E)e.Y Ve)lleN acce$ter to)t ce E)e
/onse)r -a&&ard 2o)s a Ucrt co''e Utant $arfate'ent la 2UrtU et
l5asserter de 'on no' s 2o)s le D)&eN nUcessare.
%&rUeN1 c+er /onse)r1 l5ass)rance de 'a consdUraton trPs dstn&)Ue.
LTransation M
%. ,E ROLE/I!E.
BERLI!1 November *>th, *A@;.
6+lst I 8as Ger'an Cons)lCGeneral at Treste1 I +ad one e2enn&1 n
4ebr)ar" or /arc+ of t+s "ear1 t+e $leas)re of /r. and /rs. -a&&ard5s
co'$an" at dnnerG a'on& ot+ers t+e R)ssan Cons)l 8as $resent. It 8as +i,
JGP- t+e frst t'e t+at /r. -a&&ard ca'e nto '" $r2ate +o)seJ before1 8e
+ad al8a"s 'et n '" offce. %fter dnner I 8as b)s" n entertann& '"
$art"1 8+en s)ddenl" /r. -a&&ard Doned 'e and told 'e t+at a fe8 8ee3s
before +e +ad seen1 n a 2er" 22d drea'1 '" dra8n&Croo' 8t+ t+e
tro$+es of East %frcan ar's on s+elds a&anst t+e 8alls1 and /r.
Role'ne1 t+e R)ssan Cons)l1 standn& before one tro$+" +ad e#$laned
so'et+n& to +' n +s )s)al e#cted 'anner1 8a2n& +s ar's o2er +s
+ead n order to ll)strate 8+at +e sad. %ll t+s +ad +a$$ened D)st at t+e
'o'ent 8t+ all $artc)lars seen n t+e drea'. I 8as e#tre'el" astons+ed at
t+e stran&e occ)rrence1 and obser2ed t+at t+e realsaton of +s drea' +ad
$rod)ced a stron& effect on /r. -a&&ard5s 'nd.
7. /IC-%BELLE(1
Co)nsellor of Le&aton n t+e 4ore&n Offce.
+(, E . I s+all concl)de t+s &ro)$ 8t+ a case (E)oted fro'
&roceedings (.P1R.1 2ol. #. $. ?==) 8+ere t+ere s a&an a s)&&eston of
$ersonal &)ardans+$ and care. B)t t+e facts $ref&)red do not fall 8t+n
t+e lfeC+stor" of t+e decedentG so t+at f 8e s)$$ose t+at t 8as his s$rt
8+c+ foresa8 and nfor'ed +s nece of t+e f)t)re1 8e ')st s)$$ose also
t+at +e foresa8 8+at 8o)ld +a$$en to +s bod" after +s deat+. T+e
$erc$ent1 8+o' I +a2e called Lad" X.1 +as &2en 'e orall" a sl&+tl" f)ller
acco)nt. %n )na)t+orsed 2erson of t+e 'an $onts +ere to be detaled 8as
co'$led s+ortl" after t+e e2ent.
*ecember ..nd, *A@..
I +a2e been as3ed to &2e an acco)nt of an e#$erence 8+c+ 8as
certanl" t+e 'ost re'ar3able n '" lfeJ a drea' 8+c+ ca'e to 'e t+ree
t'es at lon& nter2als1 and 8+c+ 8as at last f)lflled.
/" fat+er ded 8+en I 8as a c+ldG '" 'ot+er 'arred a&an1 and I 8ent
to l2e 8t+ an )ncle1 8+o beca'e l3e a fat+er to 'e. In t+e s$rn& of *AA.
I drea't t+at '" sster and I 8ere sttn& n '" )ncle5s dra8n&Croo'. In '"
drea' t 8as a brllant s$rn& da"1 and fro' t+e 8ndo8 8e sa8 E)anttes
of flo8ers n t+e &arden1 'an" 'ore t+an 8ere n fact to be seen fro' t+at
8ndo8. B)t o2er t+e &arden t+ere la" a t+n co2ern& of sno8. I 3ne8 n
'" drea' t+at '" )ncle +ad been fo)nd dead b" t+e sde of a certan brdleC
$at+ abo)t t+ree 'les fro' t+e +o)sea feldCroad 8+ere I +ad often
rdden 8t+ +'1 and alon& 8+c+ +e often rode 8+en &on& to fs+ n a
ne&+bo)rn& la3e. I 3ne8 t+at +s +orse 8as standn& b" +'1 and t+at +e
8as 8earn& a dar3 +o'es$)n s)t of clot+ 'ade fro' t+e 8ool of a +erd of
blac3 s+ee$ 8+c+ +e 3e$t. I 3ne8 t+at +s bod" 8as ben& bro)&+t +o'e n
a 8a&&on 8t+ t8o +orses1 8t+ +a" n t+e botto'1 and t+at 8e 8ere 8atn&
for +s bod" to arr2e. T+en n '" drea' t+e 8a&&on ca'e to t+e doorG and
t8o 'en 8ell 3no8n to 'eone a &ardener1 t+e ot+er t+e 3ennel +)nts'an
+el$ed to carr" t+e bod" )$ t+e stars1 8+c+ 8ere rat+er narro8. /"
)ncle 8as a 2er" tall and +ea2" 'an1 and n '" drea' I sa8 t+e 'en
carr"n& +' 8t+ dffc)lt"1 and +s left +and +an&n& do8n and str3n&
a&anst t+e bansters as t+e 'en 'o)nted t+e stars. T+s detal &a2e 'e n
'" drea' an )nreasonable +orror. I co)ld not +el$ $anf)ll" t+n3n&1 O+1
8+" dd t+e" not $re2ent +s +and fro' ben& br)sed n t+s 8a"W9
In t+e sadness and +orror of t+s s&+t I a8o3e1 and I sle$t no 'ore t+at
n&+t. I +ad deter'ned not to tell '" )ncle of t+e drea'G b)t n t+e 'ornn&
+i,JGG- I loo3ed so c+an&ed and ll t+at I co)ld not esca$e +s affectonate
E)estonn&G and at last I told +' of '" 2son of +' l"n& dead n t+at
feldCroad. I +ad no an#et" abo)t +s +ealt+. -e 8as a rob)st 'an of s#t"C
s#1 acc)sto'ed to +)nt +s o8n $ac3 of +o)nds and to ta3e ')c+ e#ercse.
-e lstened to 'e 2er" 3ndl"1 and alt+o)&+ +e 8as not +'self at all
alar'ed b" '" drea'1 +e offered 'e to do an"t+n& I l3ed 8+c+ '&+t
cal' '" 'nd. I be&&ed +' to $ro'se 'e ne2er to &o alone b" t+at
$artc)lar road. -e $ro'sed 'e t+at +e 8o)ld al8a"s 'a3e an e#c)se to
+a2e a &roo' or so'e one 8t+ +'G I re'e'ber '" co'$)ncton at t+e
t+o)&+t of &2n& +' t+s tro)bleand "et I co)ld not +el$ as3n& for +s
$ro'se.
T+e '$resson of t+e drea' &re8 &rad)all" fanter1 b)t t dd not lea2e
'eG and I re'e'ber t+at 8+en a lttle bo" ca'e to sta" 8t+ )s so'e t'e
after1 and bo"Cl3e dre8 +s stc3 alon& t+e bansters as +e 8ent )$stars1 t+e
so)nd bro)&+t bac3 t+e +orror of '" drea'. T8o "ears $assed b"1 and t+e
t+o)&+t of t+e drea' 8as beco'n& less freE)ent1 8+en I drea't t a&an
8t+ all ts detals t+e sa'e as before1 and a&an 8t+ t+e sa'e $rofo)ndl"
dst)rbn& effect. I told '" )ncle1 and sad to +' t+at I felt s)re t+at +e +ad
been ne&lectn& +s $ro'se1 and rdn& b" t+at feldCroad alone. -e
ad'tted t+at +e +ad occasonall" done so1 alt+o)&+19 +e sad1 I t+n3 I
+a2e been 2er" &ood on t+e 8+ole.9 -e rene8ed t+e $ro'seG and a&an t+e
'$resson &re8 8ea3er as fo)r "ears $assed b"1 d)rn& 8+c+ I 'arred
and left +s +o'e. In t+e /a" of *AAA I 8as n London1 e#$ectn& '" bab".
On t+e n&+t before I 8as ta3en ll1 I drea't t+e sa'e drea' a&an1 b)t 8t+
t+s 2araton. Instead of drea'n& t+at I 8as at '" )ncle5s +o'e 8t+ '"
sster1 I 3ne8 n '" drea' t+at I 8as l"n& n bed n o)r London +o)se. B)t
fro' t+at bedroo'1 D)st as fro' t+e dra8n&Croo' n t+e for'er drea's1 I
see'ed to see '" )ncle l"n& dead n t+e sa'e 8ellC3no8n $lace. %nd I
see'ed also to $erce2e t+e sa'e scene of t+e brn&n& +o'e of t+e bod".
T+en ca'e a ne8 $ont. %s I la" n bed1 a &entle'an dressed n blac31 b)t
8+ose face I co)ld not see1 see'ed to stand b" 'e and tell 'e t+at '" )ncle
8as dead. I 8o3e n &reat dstress. B)t as I 8as ll fro' t+en for t8o da"s1
as soon as t+e c+ld 8as born I ceased to d8ell on t+e drea'onl" I felt an
o2er$o8ern& desre to 8rte at once to '" )ncle '"self and to tell +' t+at
I 8as &ettn& better. I 8as not allo8ed to do t+sG b)t after8ards I 'ana&ed
to 8rte a fe8 lnes n $encl )n3no8n to an" one b)t t+e n)rse. T+s note
reac+ed '" )ncle t8o da"s before +s deat+.
%s I &re8 better1 I be&an to 8onder &reatl" at not +earn& fro' '"
)ncle1 8+o &enerall" 8rote to 'e e2er" da". T+en '" drea' ca'e bac3 to
'e1 and I 8as certan t+at +e 8as ll or deadb)t '" +)sband1 n)rse1 and
'ad (all I sa8) see'ed c+eerf)l as )s)al. T+en one 'ornn& '" +)sband
sad '" ste$fat+er 8s+ed to see 'e1 and I at once &)essed +s errand. -e
entered t+e roo' dressed n blac3 and stood b" '" bedsde. %t once I
reco&nsed t+at t+s 8as t+e f&)re 8+c+ I +ad seen n '" drea'. I sad1
T+e Colonel s deadI 3no8 all abo)t tI +a2e drea't t often.9 %nd as
+e 8as )nable to s$ea3 fro' e'oton1 I told +' all abo)t t1 $lace1 t'e of
da" ('ornn&)1 and t+e clot+es '" )ncle 8ore.
T+en I t+o)&+t of t+at scene on t+e starcase1 8+c+ +ad al8a"s
re'aned n '" 'nd. I as3ed f t+ere 8ere an" br)ses on t+e +ands. !o
br)ses19 sad '" ste$Cfat+er1 et+er on +ands or face.9 -e t+o)&+t t+at I
fanced t+at '" )ncle +ad fallen fro' +s +orse. (oon after8ards '" sster
t+e sster 8+o +ad been n '" drea'ca'e to see 'e1 and bro)&+t 'e a
rn& 8+c+ '" )ncle +ad al8a"s 8orn on +s left +and. I 8as 2er" t+an3f)l
for t+s 'e'ento +i,JGH- of +'G and I told '" sster +o8 I +ad feared t+at
t+e rn& 8o)ld +a2e been for&otten. I onl" ca'e D)st n t'e19 s+e sad1
t+e" 8ere D)st &on& to close t+e coffn.9 6as t+ere an" br)se on t+e left
+andW9 I as3ed. %t frst s+e sad t+ere 8as notG b)t t+en s+e sad s+e t+o)&+t
t+ere 8as a bl)s+ dscoloraton across t+e bac3 of t+e frst Donts of t+e
fn&ers. (+e dd not 3no8 +o8 t +ad been ca)sed. 6+en I 8as 8ell eno)&+
to tra2el1 I 8ent to '" old +o'eG t+ere I sa8 '" old n)rse1 8+o +ad been n
t+e +o)se 8+en '" )ncle ded. -er acco)nt1 added to '" ste$Cfat+er5s1
enabled 'e to realse t+e e2ents of t+at da". /" )ncle +ad rece2ed '"
$enclCnote on t+e ()nda" 'ornn&1 and +ad been &reatl" $leased1 feeln&
t+at t+e 8s+edCfor +er 8as born1 and t+at I1 8+o' +e lo2ed as a da)&+ter1
8as t+ro)&+ '" tro)ble. -e +ad a fe8 frends to l)nc+ 8t+ +'1 ncl)dn&
'" ste$Cfat+er1 and sad t+at +e +ad seen all t+at +e 8s+ed to see n lfe1 and
co)ld no8 de +a$$" at an" 'o'ent. -s &)ests left +' n Lt+eM &reatest
s$rts1 and t8o da"s after8ards +e ded1 and +s bod" +ad been bro)&+t
bac3 as I descrbe1 and +e +ad been fo)nd +alf sttn& and +alf l"n& on t+at
2er" feldCroad1 8+ere I +ad t+ree t'es seen +'. -e 8as dressed n t+e
sa'e +o'es$)n s)t n 8+c+ I +ad seen +' n '" drea'. T+e ca)se of +s
deat+ +ad been +eartCdsease1 of 8+ose e#stence net+er I nor1 I bele2e1
an" of t+ose near and dear to +' +ad been a8are. -e +ad e2dentl" felt
fant1 and sl$$ed fro' +s +orse. T+e sa'e t8o 'en 8+o' I +ad seen n '"
drea' as +el$n& to carr" t+e bod" +ad n fact done so1 and '" n)rse
ad'tted t+at t+e left +and +ad 3noc3ed a&anst t+e bansters. (+e see'ed
afrad lest I s+o)ld bla'e t+e 'en 8+o carred t+e bod"1 and dd not l3e to
s$ea3 of t+e ncdent. I do not t+n3 t+at s+e +ad seen t+e ncdent +erselfG
and I dd not l3e to s$ea3 to t+e 'en abo)t t. It 8as eno)&+ for 'e t+at t
8as on t+e bac3 of t+e left +and1 as I +ad seen t n '" drea'1 and as fro'
t+e arran&e'ent of t+e starcase t must +a2e been1 +ad t been ca)sed n t+e
8a" t+at I sa8. I 8ll add one fact 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ t 8as $)rel" a 'atter of
'" o8n feeln&1 'ade $er+a$s as ')c+ '$resson )$on 'e as an"t+n& n
t+s +stor". I do not t+n3 t+at an" da)&+ter co)ld lo2e a fat+er better t+an I
lo2ed '" )ncleG and1 as 8ll +a2e been seen1 t+e $ros$ect of +s deat+ 8as
al8a"s a dee$l"Cl"n& fear. B)t as soon as I 3ne8 t+at all +ad +a$$ened as
'" drea' foretold1 I so'e+o8 felt t+at all 8as 8ell1 and t+e deat+ left 'e
8t+ a sensaton of co'$lete acE)escence and $eace. It 'a" +a2e been
notced t+at t+ere 8ere t8o )nreal or fantastc $onts n '" or&nal drea'J
2N.1 t+e ')ltt)de of $o#ers n t+e &arden1 and t+e t+n co2ern& of sno#.
I t+n3 t+at I can t+ro8 so'e l&+t on t+ese $onts b" narratn& t+e onl" t8o
ot+er '$ress2e drea's 8+c+ I +a2e e2er +ad. T+e frst of t+ese t8o
drea's I 'entoned to ot+ers1 and acted )$on t. T+e second I net+er
'entoned nor acted )$onG so t+at t +as no 2al)e as e2dence1 and s reall"
&2en as +el$n& to e#$lan t+e s"'bols' of sno8.
I +ad +eard fro' se2eral relatons (alt+o)&+ I cannot E)ote defnte
cases)1 t+at t+e" +ad fo)nd t+at drea's of $o#ers and of sno# 8ere
follo8ed b" deat+s n o)r fa'l". T+s 'a" +a2e s)&&ested t+at for' of
s"'bols' to '" 'ndGor t+e sa'e ca)se1 8+ate2er t 8as1 8+c+ acted
8t+ t+e' 'a" +a2e acted 8t+ 'e. In an" case1 8+at +a$$ened 8as as
follo8s. In *AA= I +eard fro' '" ste$fat+er t+at '" 'ot+er1 8+o +ad lon&
been an n2ald1 8as sero)sl" 8orseG and +e as3ed 'e 8+en I co)ld &o to
see +er. /" 'nd 8as t+erefore occ)$ed 8t+ +er llness1 b)t t+e tone of +s
letter 8as not ''edatel" alar'n&Gso t+at 8e sa8 no reason for '" not
attendn& so'e races n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood1 for 8+c+ 8e +ad frends
sta"n&. B)t one n&+t I drea't a drea'8+c+1 t+o)&+ 2er" '$ress2e1
8as so'e8+at conf)sedabo)t '" 'ot+er +i,JGI- seated n a carra&e f)ll
of $o#ers. I re'e'bered t+e s"'bols'G and I felt ass)red t+at '" 'ot+er
8as dead or d"n&. I 'entoned t+e drea' to '" +)sband1 and $re$ared for
an ''edate s)''ons1 8+c+ ca'e drectl" after8ards. -a2n& all
$re$aratons alread" 'ade1 I left ''edatel" and arr2ed n t'e to see '"
'ot+er de. T+s drea' and t+at of '" )ncle are t+e onl" t8o drea's on
8+c+ I e2er acted n an" 8a". T+e second drea' to 8+c+ I +a2e all)ded
8as as follo8sJ In *AI sa8 a &entle'an 8+o' I 3ne8 l"n& dead n a red
coat on an o$en feld1 8t+ sno8 on t+e &ro)nd. Besde +' 3nelt +s
'ot+er1 8+o 8as al2e and 8ell at t+e t'e of t+e drea'. I tred to a$$roac+
and s$ea3 to +erG b)t s+e sad1 ,on5t to)c+ 'eG I +a2e co'e for +'.9 I
)nderstood t+at s+e +ad ded before +'. T8o "ears later t+s lad" dd n
fact de1 and n t8o "ears 'ore +er son 8as 3lled1 D)st as I sa8 +' l"n&1 n
a scarlet coat. T+ere 8as1 of co)rse1 no sno8 on t+e &ro)nd1 as t 8as n late
s$rn&G so I fanc" t+at t+e sno8 'a" +a2e been s"'bolcal bot+ +ere and n
'" drea' abo)t '" )ncle. I 'a" add t+at I a' not of an 'a&nat2e
te'$era'entG and t+at t+ese are t+e onl" ncdents n '" lfe 8+c+ see' to
le o)tsde ordnar" e#$lanatons.
/" +)sband and ste$Cfat+er add t+er confr'aton of t+e ncdents
8+c+ concern t+e'.
T+e abo2e acco)nt s tr)e and acc)rate n e2er" $artc)lar.
L(&nat)res of Lord and Lad" X.M
LLord X.5s s&nat)re attests (besdes +s &eneral conc)rrence 8t+ t+e
acco)nt) +s $resence at t+e nter2e8 8t+ Lad" X.5s ste$Cfat+er1 as
descrbed.M
1anuary *Bth, *A@;.
T+e acco)nt s correct so far as 8+at +a$$ened 8+en I 8ent to London
to nfor' Lad" X of +er )ncle5s deat+1 8+c+ s all t+at s 8t+n '"
o8n $ersonal 3no8led&e.
L(&nat)re of Lad" X.5s ste$Cfat+er.M
+(' A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;A<. T+e ne#t acco)nt1
8+c+ frst a$$eared n a letter n t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna, s fro'
,r. Br)ce1 of /cano$"1 4la.1 :.(.%. T+e case '&+t be called collect2e19
b)t for t+e fact t+at one of t+e drea's1 t+o)&+ 22d and alar'n&1 8as
$robabl" not so dstnct2e as 8as after8ards 'a&ned1 and1 'oreo2er1 8as
$ossbl" drea't on t+e n&+t a$ter t+at on 8+c+ t+e tra&c e2ent too3 $lace.
9ebruary *=th, *AA<.
On T+)rsda"1 t+e .=t+ of ,ece'ber last1 I ret)rned fro' Ganes2lle1
(t8el2e 'les fro' +ere) to '" oran&e &ro2e1 near /cano$". I +a2e onl" a
s'all $lan3 +o)se of t+ree roo's at '" &ro2e1 8+ere I s$end 'ost of '"
t'e 8+en t+e &ro2e s ben& c)lt2ated. T+ere 8as no one n t+e +o)se b)t
'"self at t+e t'e1 and ben& so'e8+at fat&)ed 8t+ '" rde1 I retred to
'" bed 2er" earl"1 $robabl" B o5cloc3G and1 as I a' freE)entl" n t+e +abt
of don&1 I lt '" la'$ on a stand b" t+e bed for t+e $)r$ose of readn&.
%fter readn& a s+ort t'e1 I be&an to feel a lttle dro8s"1 $)t o)t t+e l&+t1
and soon fell aslee$. X)te earl" n t+e n&+t I 8as a8a3ened. I co)ld not
+a2e been aslee$ 2er" lon&1 I a' s)re. I felt as f I +ad been aro)sed
ntentonall"1 and at frst t+o)&+t so'e one 8as brea3n& nto t+e +o)se. I
loo3ed fro' 8+ere I la" nto t+e ot+er t8o roo's (t+e doors of bot+ ben&
o$en)1 and at once reco&nsed +i,JGJ- 8+ere I 8as1 and t+at t+ere 8as no
&ro)nd for t+e b)r&lar t+eor"G t+ere ben& not+n& n t+e +o)se to 'a3e t
8ort+ a b)r&lar5s t'e to co'e after.
I t+en t)rned on '" sde to &o to slee$ a&an1 and ''edatel" felt a
consco)sness of a $resence n t+e roo'1 and1 sn&)lar to state1 t 8as not
t+e consco)sness of a l2e $erson1 b)t of a s$rt)al $resence. T+s 'a"
$ro2o3e a s'le1 b)t I can onl" tell "o) t+e facts as t+e" occ)rred to 'e. I
do not 3no8 +o8 to better descrbe '" sensatons t+an b" s'$l" statn&
t+at I felt a consco)sness of a s$rt)al $resence. T+s 'a" +a2e been a $art
of t+e drea'1 for I felt as f I 8ere doNn& off a&an to slee$G b)t t 8as
)nl3e an" drea' I e2er +ad. I felt also at t+e sa'e t'e a stron& feeln& of
s)$erstto)s dread1 as f so'et+n& stran&e and fearf)l 8ere abo)t to
+a$$en. I 8as soon aslee$ a&an1 or )nconsco)s1 at an" rate1 to '"
s)rro)ndn&s. T+en I sa8 t8o 'en en&a&ed n a sl&+t sc)ffleG one fell
fatall" 8o)ndedt+e ot+er ''edatel" dsa$$eared. I dd not see t+e &as+
n t+e 8o)nded 'an5s t+roat1 b)t 3ne8 t+at +s t+roat 8as c)t. I dd not
reco&nse +'1 et+er1 as '" brot+erCnCla8. I sa8 +' l"n& 8t+ +s +ands
)nder +'1 +s +ead t)rned sl&+tl" to t+e left1 +s feet close to&et+er. I
co)ld1 fro' t+e $oston n 8+c+ I stood1 see b)t a s'all $orton of +s faceG
+s coat1 collar1 +ar1 or so'et+n& $artl" obsc)red t. I loo3ed at +' t+e
second t'e a lttle closer to see f I co)ld 'a3e o)t 8+o t 8as. I 8as a8are
t 8as so'e one I 3ne81 b)t stll co)ld not reco&nse +'. I t)rned1 and t+en
sa8 '" 8fe sttn& not far fro' +'. (+e told 'e s+e co)ld not lea2e )ntl
+e 8as attended to. (I +ad &ot a letter a fe8 da"s $re2o)sl" fro' '" 8fe1
telln& 'e s+e 8o)ld lea2e n a da" or t8o1 and 8as e#$ectn& e2er" da" a
letter or tele&ra' telln& 'e 8+en to 'eet +er at t+e de$bt.) /" attenton
8as str)c3 b" t+e s)rro)ndn&s of t+e dead 'an. -e a$$eared to be l"n& on
an ele2ated $latfor' of so'e 3nd1 s)rro)nded b" c+ars1 benc+es1 and
des3s1 re'ndn& 'e so'e8+at of a sc+oolroo'. O)tsde of t+e roo' n
8+c+ +e 8as l"n& 8as a cro8d of $eo$le1 'ostl" fe'ales1 so'e of 8+o' I
t+o)&+t I 3ne8. -ere '" drea' ter'nated. I a8o3e a&an abo)t 'dn&+tG
&ot )$ and 8ent to t+e door to see f t+ere 8ere an" $ros$ect of ranG
ret)rned to '" bed a&an1 and la" t+ere )ntl nearl" da"l&+t before falln&
aslee$ a&an. I t+o)&+t of '" drea'1 and 8as stron&l" '$ressed b" t. %ll
stran&e1 s)$erstto)s feeln&s +ad $assed off.
It 8as not )ntl a 8ee3 or ten da"s after t+s t+at I &ot a letter fro' '"
8fe1 &2n& 'e an acco)nt of +er brot+er5s deat+. -er letter1 8+c+ 8as
8rtten t+e da" after +s deat+1 8as 'sCsent. T+e acco)nt s+e &a2e 'e of
+s deat+ talles 'ost re'ar3abl" 8t+ '" drea'. -er brot+er 8as 8t+ a
8eddn& $art" at t+e de$bt at /ar3+a' staton1 4a)E)er Co.1 Va. -e 8ent
nto a store near b" to see a "o)n& 'an 8+o 3e$t a barCroo' near t+e de$bt1
and 8t+ 8+o' +e +ad so'e 8ords. -e t)rned and left t+e 'an1 and 8al3ed
o)t of t+e store. T+e barCroo' 3ee$er follo8ed +' o)t1 and 8t+o)t f)rt+er
8ords delberatel" c)t +s t+roat. It 8as a 'ost br)tal and )n$ro2o3ed
')rder. /" brot+erCnCla8 +ad on +s o2ercoat1 8t+ t+e collar t)rned )$.
T+e 3nfe 8ent t+ro)&+ t+e collar and clear to t+e bone. -e 8as carred nto
t+e store and lad on t+e co)nter1 near a des3 and s+o8 case. -e s8ooned
fro' loss of blood soon after ben& c)t. T+e c)ttn& occ)rred earl" T+)rsda"
n&+t1 ,ece'ber .=t+. -e dd not de1 +o8e2er1 )ntl al'ost da"l&+t1
(at)rda" 'ornn&.
I +a2e not +ad a co'$lete acco)nt of '" ssterCnCla85s drea'. (+e 8as
2stn& a "o)n& lad"1 a co)sn1 n Rent)c3". T+e" sle$t to&et+er 4rda"
n&+t1 I t+n31 t+e n&+t of +er brot+er5s deat+. (+e drea'ed of seen& a 'an
8t+ +i,JGK- +s t+roat c)t1 and a8o3e 2er" ')c+ alar'ed. (+e a8o3e +er
co)sn1 and t+e" &ot )$ and l&+ted t+e la'$ and sat )$ )ntl da"l&+t. T+at
da" s+e rece2ed a tele&ra' anno)ncn& +er brot+er5s deat+.
I cannot &2e "o) an" certan e#$lanaton of t+ese drea's. I do not
bele2e t+at t+e" are d)e to ordnar" ca)ses1 b)t to ca)ses of 8+c+ scence
does not at $resent ta3e co&nsance.
6%LTER BR:CE.
In re$l" to nE)res1 ,r. Br)ce sa"sJ
1uy @th, *AA<.
I +a2e ne2er +ad anot+er drea' s'lar to t+e one related n t+e letter. I
+a2e at t'es +ad drea's t+at 8ere 22d1 or fro' so'e ca)se '$ressed
t+e'sel2es )$on '" 'nd for a t'e1 s)c+ as an" one 8o)ld be l3el" to
+a2e. I cannot call to 'nd1 t+o)&+1 an" of s$ecal '$ortance1 or 8t+ an"
bearn& )$on t+e drea' n E)eston.
I dd not 'enton t+e drea' to an" one before rece2n& t+e letter
confr'n& t. I l2e n rat+er a retred $lace n t+e co)ntr"1 and f I sa8 an"
one d)rn& t+at t'e to 8+o' I 8o)ld care to relate t+e drea'1 t dd not
occ)r to 'e to do so.
Yo) as3 'e +o8 '" 8fe 3ne8 of t+e crc)'stances of +er brot+er5s
deat+. (+e 8as 2stn& +er relat2es n Va. at t+e t'e1 and 8as $resent
8+en +er brot+er ded.
T+e follo8n& acco)nt s fro' ,r. Br)ce5s ssterCnCla81 /rs. (t)bbn&J

2arch .Ath, *AA?.

6+lst n Rent)c3" on a 2st n t+e "ear *AA;1 I +ad a drea'1 n 8+c+ I
sa8 t8o $ersonsone 8t+ +s t+roat c)t. I co)ld not tell 8+o t 8as1
t+o)&+ I 3ne8 t 8as so'ebod" t+at I 3ne81 and as soon as I +eard of '"
brot+er5s deat+1 I sad at once t+at I 3ne8 t 8as +e t+at I +ad seen ')rdered
n '" drea'G and t+o)&+ I dd not +ear +o8 '" brot+er ded1 I told '"
co)sn1 8+o' I 8as sta"n& 8t+1 t+at I 3ne8 +e +ad been ')rdered. T+s
drea' too3 $lace on T+)rsda" or 4rda" n&+t1 I do not re'e'ber 8+c+. I
sa8 t+e e#act s$ot 8+ere +e 8as ')rdered1 and D)st as t +a$$ened.
%!!IE (. (T:BBI!G.
T+e T+)rsda" and 4rda" n&+t 'entoned n t+s acco)nt are ,ece'ber
.Bt+ and .=t+ L.=t+ and .At+M1 *AA;. It 8as )$on t+e T+)rsda" n&+t '"
drea' occ)rred.
6%LTER BR:CE.
In re$l" to E)estons1 /rs. (t)bbn& sa"sJ
Yes1 I sa8 one 'an c)t t+e ot+er. T+e 8o)nd 8as told to 'e to be D)st
l3e 8+at I +ad seen n '" drea'. I rece2ed a tele&ra' anno)ncn& t+e
deat+ of '" brot+er on (at)rda" 'ornn&. !o1 I ne2er +ad an" s)c+ drea'
as t+at before.
+() A . T+e follo8n& are cases ll)stratn& '" +"$ot+ess of $s"c+cal
n2ason.9 T+e frst s ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *>?. In
t+s case1 t+e 8ords +eard 8ere 22dl" 'a&ned b" t+e a&ent1 and 'a" 2er"
$robabl" +a2e been )ttered1 or +alfC)ttered. T+e acco)nt s fro' /r. 7. P3e1
of *.. (toc38ell Par3 Road1 (.6.
<ctober *AA;.
Tra2elln& so'e "ears snce fro' Carlsle to -&+b)r"1 b" t+e n&+t 'al
tran1 and fndn& '"self alone n '" co'$art'ent1 I la" at f)ll len&t+ on
t+e +i,JGL- seat 8t+ a 2e8 to slee$1 +a2n& $re2o)sl" reE)ested t+e &)ard
to 8a3e 'e at t+e Ca'den To8n (taton. I soon fell nto a dee$ slee$1 one
of t+ose $rofo)nd sl)'bers t+e a8a3enn& fro' 8+c+ s al'ost $anf)l.
Ro)sed s)ddenl" b" t+e &)ard 8a3n& 'e (so'e8+at ro)&+l" and
'$atentl"1 beca)se t+e tran 8as be+nd ts t'e)1 I fo)nd t+at I +ad been
drea'n& (8+at $ro2ed ndeed to be t+e case) t+at t 8as 'ornn&G t+at I 8as
at +o'e1 n '" bedroo'1 n t+e act of dressn&1 and at t+e 'o'ent of
a8a3enn& +ad been on t+e landn& and t8ce called t+e ser2ant b" +er
na'e1 (ara+19 and as3ed +er to brn& 'e so'e +ot 8ater.
On act)all" arr2n& at +o'e1 I learnt t+at at t+e t'e 8+en I +ad been
t+)s drea'n& t+at I 8as calln& to t+e ser2ant1 s+e +ad +eard +er na'e
called b" 'e t#ice, dstnctl"G t+atfor&ettn& for t+e 'o'ent t+at I 8as
not n t+e +o)ses+e1 +astl" dscontn)n& t+e brea3fast $re$aratons1 ran
)$stars1 and after8ards ca'e do8n a&an as 8+te as a &+ost9accordn&
to t+e descr$ton &2en to 'e b" t+e c+ldren 8+o1 8t+ astons+'ent1
8tnessed +er $roceedn&s1 and not +a2n& t+e'sel2es +eard t+e call1
nat)rall" 8ondered 8+at t all 'eant. (ara+ s)bseE)entl" nfor'ed 'e t+at
t+e fr&+t9 s+e e#$erenced on realsn& t+e fact t+at I 8as not t+ere +ad
'ade +er E)te ll.9
/r. P3e5s da)&+ter &a2e t+e follo8n& corroboraton on October ;>t+1
*AA;J
I dstnctl" re'e'ber t+e ncdent of o)r ser2ant ben& fr&+tened b"
+earn& '" fat+er5s 2oce calln& fro' )$stars1 at a t'e 8+en 8e 3ne8 +e
co)ld not be an"8+ere near o)r +o'e. T+e ser2ant too3 a $o3er n +er +and
and 8ent )$stars1 t+n3n& t+ere ')st be so'e 'an t+ere 8+o +ad 'tated
'" fat+er5s 2oce. !ot+n&1 +o8e2er1 8as dsco2ered to e#$lan t+e '"ster"
)ntl '" fat+er5s arr2al at +o'e1 8+en +e told )s t+at at t+e t'e t+e call
8as +eard +e +ad been drea'n& t+at +e 8as at +o'e and calln& for +ot
8ater.
%L/% /. PIRE.
T+e &en)neness of t+s case does not1 of co)rse1 de$end on t+e ser2ant5s
e2dence1 b)t on t+e test'on" of /ss P3e t+at t+e ser2ant 'entoned +er
e#$erence before /r. P3e5s arr2al. G)rne" obser2es t+at +s collecton of
$)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnatons ncl)des se2eral nstances 8+ere a ser2ant
+as see'ed to +ear +er 'stress calln& +era fact 8+c+ of co)rse &oes to
8ea3en t+e force of t+e descrbed concdence. B)t t+e s)$eror 22dness of
t+e '$resson n t+e $resent nstance see's $ro2ed b" t+e e'oton and
alar' 8+c+ follo8ed t1 and 8+c+ +ad no sort of $arallel n t+e $)rel"
s)bDect2e cases referred to.
-ere1 t 8ll be seen1 t+e condton of t+e a&ent 8as not one of dstress
or crss1 b)t s'$l" t+at of 22d drea'G and t+e case s n t+s 8a"
e#ce$tonal. It s+o)ld be noted t+at t+e $art of t+e drea' 8+c+ a$$arentl"
affected t+e $erc$ent too3 $lace n t+e 2er" s+oc3 of 8a3n&G and s)c+ a
s+oc31 t+o)&+ not crtcal or e#actl" $anf)l1 clearl" n2ol2es a far 8der and
'ore s)dden c+an&e of $s"c+cal condton t+an often occ)rs to )s d)rn&
8a3n& lfe.
(ee also a case &2en n &hantasms, 2ol. . $. *?@. /r. T. 6. ('t+
relates t+at +s 8fe told +' s+e +ad drea't of fndn& +erself n a +o)se +i,
JGM- n 8+c+ s+e )sed to l2e1 8+ere s+e sa8 a frend of +ers &on& to bed.
(+e 8ent )$ to +er1 too3 +er b" t+e +and1 and sad1 Besse1 let )s be
frends.9 (o'e 'ont+s later1 /r. ('t+ 8as nfor'ed b" a frend of
Besse5s9 t+at one n&+t1 abo)t t+at t'e1 Besse9 +ad told +er t+at s+e +ad
seen /rs. ('t+t+at s+e +ad to)c+ed +er and sad1 Let )s be frends.9
T+e" 8ere not1 +o8e2er1 able to f# t+e dates 8t+ co'$lete certant"1 so
t+at t+e concdence 8as do)btf)l1 and t+e case s e2dentall" 8ea3 for t+s
reason.
+() B . In t+e follo8n& case (E)oted fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$. *>>) t+ere see's to +a2e been on t+e $art of t+e a&ent1 /rs. /annn&1 a
s$ontaneo)s re22al of 'e'or" of lon& $ast and for&otten scenes1 s)c+ as
often occ)rs n cr"stal 2sons1 b)t rarel" n ordnar" lfe. /rs. /annn&
8rtes to Professor 7a'es as follo8sJ
*>? 6I!TER (TREET1 PORTL%!,1 /%I!E1
<ctober .Ath L*A@<M.
,E%R (IR1%t t+e reE)est of Colonel 6ood+)ll1 I send "o) t+e
follo8n& state'ent1 8+c+ I +o$e 'a" be of )se to "o).
6+en I 8as a c+ld at '" +o'e n Roc+ester1 !.Y.1 '" elder sster +ad
al'ost entre care of 'e. %t n&+t1 after $)ttn& 'e n bed1 s+e 8o)ld st
besde 'e for a fe8 'o'ents )ntl I fell aslee$. 4reE)entl" I 8o)ld 8a3e
)$1 and fndn& '"self alone and n t+e dar31 of 8+c+ I 8as ')c+ afrad1 I
8o)ld call o)t to +erG s+e 8o)ld co'e and soot+e 'e to slee$ a&an. In
*A=?1 I 8as l2n& at 4ort -arts)ff1 !ebras3a1 a 'ltar" $ost1 t+e staton of
'" +)sband. O)r nearest ral8a" staton 8as Grand Island1 on t+e :non
Pacfc Ralroad1 =? 'les a8a". /" sster t+en l2ed at O'a+a1 abo)t ;>>
'les east of Grand Island. O)r 'al reac+ed )s b" b)c3board fro' Grand
Island e2er" 6ednesda" and (at)rda". One n&+t n !o2e'ber1 I a8o3e
fro' a drea'less slee$1 8de a8a3e1 and "et to '" o8n consco)sness t+e
lttle c+ld of "ears a&o1 n '" o8n roo' n t+e old +o'eG t+e sster +ad
&one1 and I 8as alone n t+e dar3ness. I sat )$ n bed1 and called 8t+ all '"
2oce1 7esseZ 7esseZ9'" sster5s na'e. T+s aro)sed '" +)sband1 8+o
s$o3e to 'e. I see'ed to co'e &rad)all" to realsaton of '" s)rro)ndn&s1
and 8t+ dffc)lt" adD)sted '"self to t+e $resent. In t+at 'o'ent I see'ed
to l2e a&an n t+e c+ld+ood da"s and +o'e. I cannot e#$ress too stron&l"
t+e feeln& of act)alt" I +ad. 4or da"s after t+s t+e stran&e '$resson 8as
8t+ 'e1 and I co)ld recall 'an" lttle ncdents and scenes of c+ldClfe t+at
I +ad entrel" for&otten.
I 8rote to '" sster t+e ne#t da"1 and told +er of t+e stran&e e#$erence
of t+e n&+t before. In a fe8 da"s I rece2ed a letter fro' +er1 t+e date t+e
sa'e as 'ne1 and +a2n& $assed 'ne on t+e 8a"1 n 8+c+ s+e sad t+at
s)c+ a stran&e t+n& +ad +a$$ened t+e n&+t beforeG t+at s+e +ad been
a8a3ened b" '" 2oce calln& +er na'e t8ceG t+at t+e '$resson 8as so
stron& t+at +er +)sband 8ent to t+e door to see f t co)ld $ossbl" be I. !o
one else +ad called +erG s+e +ad not been drea'n& of 'e. (+e dstnctl"
reco&nsed '" 2oce.
/%RY /. CL%RR(O! /%!!I!G.
Ca$tan /annn& 8rtesJ
PORTL%!,1 /E.1 <ctober .@th, *A@<.
I dstnctl" recall t+e crc)'stances as related abo2e b" '" 8fe1
6. C. /%!!I!G
(Ca$tan .;rd Infantr"1 :.(. %r'").
+i,JGN-
/rs. /annn&5s sster and brot+erCnCla8 &2e t+er test'on" as
follo8sJ
,ETROIT1 /IC-.1 November *st, *A@<.
T+e state'ent 'ade b" '" sster s as I re'e'ber t+e e#$erence. T+at
t 'ade a dee$ '$resson )$on )s bot+ s e2denced b" eac+ 8rtn& of t to
t+e ot+er on t+e da" follo8n& ts occ)rrence. T+e '$resson 'ade 8as so
forcble1 t +as ne2er been for&otten.
7E((IE CL%RR(O! T-R%LL.
,ETROIT1 /IC-.1 November *st, *A@<.
T+e 8t+n state'ent of a c)ro)s concdence '&+t +a2e been
for&otten b" 'e d)rn& t+e $ast t8ent" "ears1 +ad t+e facts not been recalled
to '" 'e'or" fro' t'e to t'e as t+e" +a2e b" t+e $rnc$al actors n t. I
+a2e al8a"s re&arded t as a stran&e concdence1 b)t not+n& 'ore.
I +eard no call1 b)t 8ent to t+e door to satsf" '" 8fe t+at +er sster
8as not n t+e +all.
GEORGE T-R%LL.
In re$l" to ,r. -od&son5s nE)res1 /rs. /annn& nfor'ed +' t+at t+e
or&nal letters referred to +ad been destro"ed lon& a&o1 and t+at net+er s+e
+erself nor +er sster +ad e2er +ad an" s'lar e#$erence.
+() C . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ..?. T+e narrator of t+e
follo8n& case s t+e late Re2. P. -. !e8n+a'1 of 8+ose tele$at+c rapport
8t+ +s 8fe 8e +ad s)c+ str3n& e#$er'ental $roof (see 2ol. . )+9 A )1
and 8+o descrbed +'self as an )tter sce$tc1 n t+e tr)e sense of t+e
8ord.9
In /arc+ *A?<1 I 8as )$ at O#ford1 3ee$n& '" last ter'1 n lod&n&s. I
8as s)bDect to 2olent ne)ral&c +eadac+es1 8+c+ al8a"s c)l'nated n
slee$. One e2enn&1 abo)t A P./.1 I +ad an )n)s)all" 2olent oneG 8+en t
beca'e )nend)rable1 abo)t @ P./.1 I 8ent nto '" bedroo'1 and fl)n&
'"self1 8t+o)t )ndressn&1 on t+e bed1 and soon fell aslee$.
I t+en +ad a sn&)larl" clear and 22d drea'1 all t+e ncdents of 8+c+
are stll as clear to '" 'e'or" as e2er. I drea'ed t+at I 8as sto$$n& 8t+
t+e fa'l" of t+e lad" 8+o s)bseE)entl" beca'e '" 8fe. %ll t+e "o)n&er
ones +ad &one to bed1 and I sto$$ed c+attn& to t+e fat+er and 'ot+er1
standn& )$ b" t+e fre$lace. Presentl" I bade t+e' &oodCn&+t1 too3 '"
candle1 and 8ent off to bed. On arr2n& n t+e +all1 I $erce2ed t+at '"
$ianc;e +ad been detaned do8nstars1 and 8as onl" t+en near t+e to$ of t+e
starcase. I r)s+ed )$stars1 o2ertoo3 +er on t+e to$ ste$1 and $assed '" t8o
ar's ro)nd +er 8ast1 )nder +er ar's1 fro' be+nd. %lt+o)&+ I 8as carr"n&
'" candle n '" left +and1 8+en I ran )$stars1 t+s dd not1 n '" drea'1
nterfere 8t+ t+s &est)re.
On t+s I 8o3e1 and a cloc3 n t+e +o)se str)c3 ten al'ost ''edatel"
after8ards. (o stron& 8as t+e '$resson of t+e drea' t+at I 8rote a
detaled acco)nt of t ne#t 'ornn& to '" $ianc;e.
Crossing my etter, not n ans8er to t1 I rece2ed a letter fro' t+e lad"
n E)estonJ 6ere "o) t+n3n& abo)t 'e1 2er" s$ecall"1 last n&+t1 D)st
abo)t ten o5cloc3W 4or1 as I 8as &on& )$stars to bed1 I dstnctl" +eard "o)r
footste$s on t+e stars1 and felt "o) $)t "o)r ar's ro)nd '" 8ast.9
T+e letters n E)eston are no8 destro"ed1 b)t 8e 2erfed t+e state'ent
'ade t+eren so'e "ears later1 8+en 8e read o2er o)r old letters1 $re2o)s
to t+er destr)cton1 and 8e fo)nd t+at o)r $ersonal recollectons +ad not
2ared +i,JGO- n t+e least de&ree t+erefro'. T+e abo2e narrat2es 'a"
t+erefore be acce$ted as absol)tel" acc)rate.
P. -. !E6!-%/.
%s3ed f +s 8fe +as e2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnatons1 /r. !e8n+a'
re$led1 !o1 /rs. !. ne2er +ad an" fanc" of et+er '"self or an" one else
ben& $resent on an" ot+er occason.9
T+e follo8n& s /rs. !e8n+a'5s acco)ntJ
1une @th, *AA<.
I re'e'ber dstnctl" t+e crc)'stance 8+c+ '" +)sband +as descrbed
as corres$ondn& 8t+ +s drea'. I 8as on '" 8a" )$ to bed1 as )s)al1
abo)t ten o5cloc31 and on reac+n& t+e frst landn& I +eard dstnctl" t+e
footste$s of t+e &entle'an to 8+o' I 8as en&a&ed1 E)c3l" 'o)ntn& t+e
stars after 'e1 and t+en I as $lanl" felt +' $)t +s ar's ro)nd '" 8ast.
(o stron& an '$resson dd t+s 'a3e )$on 'e t+at I 8rote t+e 2er" ne#t
'ornn& to t+e &entle'an1 as3n& f +e +ad been $artc)larl" t+n3n& of 'e
at ten o5cloc3 t+e n&+t before1 and to '" astons+'ent I rece2ed (at t+e
sa'e t'e t+at '" letter 8o)ld reac+ +') a letter fro' +' descrbn& +s
drea'1 n al'ost t+e sa'e 8ords t+at I +ad )sed n descrbn& '"
'$resson of +s $resence.
/. !E6!-%/.
It s )nfort)nate t+at t+e act)al letters cannot be $)t n e2dence. B)t /r.
!e8n+a'5s dstnct state'ent t+at t+e letters 8ere e#a'ned1 and t+e
concdence 2erfed1 so'e "ears after t+e occ)rrence1 stron&l" confr's +s
o8n and +s 8fe5s recollectons of t+e or&nal ncdent.
+() D . T+e follo8n& acco)nt (ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving,
2ol. . $. *?<) 8as rece2ed t+ro)&+ t+e 3ndness of t+e late /r. G. 7.
Ro'anes1 4.R.(.1 8+o 8as 8ell acE)anted 8t+ t+e narrator.
2arch *Ath, *AA;.
On t+e n&+t of t+e .Bt+ of October *A=.1 I s)ddenl" felt 2er" )n8ell1
and 8ent to bed abo)t +alfC$ast nne1 an +o)r earler t+an )s)al1 and fell
aslee$ al'ost ''edatel"1 8+en I +ad a 2er" 22d drea'1 8+c+ '$ressed
'e &reatl"G so ')c+ so1 t+at I re'ar3ed to '" 8fe1 on 8a3n&1 t+at I feared
8e s+o)ld s+ortl" rece2e bad ne8s. I 'a&ned I 8as sttn& n t+e dra8n&C
roo' near a table1 readn&1 8+en an old lad" s)ddenl" a$$eared seated on
t+e o$$oste sde1 close to t+e table. (+e net+er s$o3e nor 'o2ed ')c+1 b)t
&aNed 2er" ntentl" on 'e1 and I on +er1 for at least .> 'n)tes. I 8as ')c+
str)c3 b" +er a$$earance1 s+e +a2n& 8+te +ar1 2er" dar3 e"ebro8s1 and
$enetratn& e"es. I dd not reco&nse +er at all1 b)t t+o)&+t s+e 8as a
stran&er. /" attenton 8as t+en drected to t+e door1 8+c+ o$ened1 and '"
a)nt entern& and seen& 'e and t+e old lad" starn& at eac+ ot+er n t+s
e#traordnar" 8a"1 8t+ ')c+1 s)r$rse and n a tone of re$roac+ e#cla'ed1
7o+nZ don5t "o) 3no8 8+o t+s sW9 and 8t+o)t &2n& 'e t'e to re$l"
sad1 6+"1 t+s s "o)r &rand'ot+er19 8+ere)$on '" &+ostl" 2stor
s)ddenl" rose fro' +er c+ar1 e'braced 'e1 and 2ans+ed. %t t+at 'o'ent I
a8o3e. ()c+ 8as t+e '$resson t 'ade on '" 'nd1 t+at I &ot '" noteC
boo3 and 'ade a note of t+s stran&e drea'1 bele2n& t+at t foreboded bad
tdn&s. -o8e2er1 se2eral da"s $assed 8t+o)t brn&n& an" dreaded
ntell&ence1 8+en one n&+t I rece2ed a letter fro' '" fat+er1 anno)ncn&
t+e rat+er s)dden deat+ of '" &rand'ot+er1 8+c+ too3 $lace on t+e 2er"
n&+t and +o)r of '" drea'1 +alfC$ast ten.
+i,JHP-
%bo)t fo)r 'ont+s after +er deat+1 I 8ent to t+e Isle of 6&+t1 8+ere
s+e l2ed1 to &et nfor'aton fro' '" relat2es as to 8+at '" &rand'ot+er
8as reall" l3e. /" a)nt and co)sn descrbed +er n e2er" $artc)lar1 and
t+er descr$tons of +er concded 'ost 'ar2ello)sl" 8t+ t+e f&)re and
face t+at a$$eared to 'e1 t+e 8+te +ar and dar3 e"ebro8s ben& a
$ec)lart" n +er. T+s I $artc)larl" obser2ed n '" drea'. I learnt1 too1
t+at s+e 8as e#tre'el" f)ss" n t+e arran&e'ent of +er ca$1 al8a"s ben&
an#o)s t+at no $art1 e2en t+e strn&s1 s+o)ld be o)t of $lace1 and c)ro)s to
relate1 I notced n '" drea' t+at s+e 8as ner2o)sl" to)c+n& +er ca$C
strn&s1 no8 and a&an1 for fear t+e" s+o)ld be o)t of $lace. /" co)sn1 8+o
8as 8t+ +er 8+en s+e ded1 told 'e t+at '" &rand'ot+er +ad been
delro)s for so'e t'e $re2o)s to +er de$art)reG and for a 'o'ent1 8+en
n t+at state1 s+e s)ddenl" $)t +er ar's ro)nd '" co)sn5s nec31 and on
o$enn& +er e"es and re&ann& consco)sness1 s+e sad 8t+ a loo3 of
s)r$rse1 O+1 Poll"1 s t "o)W I t+o)&+t t 8as so'ebod" else.9 T+s see's
to 'e 2er" c)ro)s1 as t 8as D)st 8+at s+e dd before s+e 2ans+ed fro' 'e
n t+e dra8n&Croo'. I ')st add t+at I +ad not seen '" &rand$arent for at
least *< "ears1 and t+e last t'e I sa8 +er s+e +ad dar3 +ar1 b)t t+s +ad
&rad)all" c+an&ed to 8+te1 lea2n& +er e"ebro8s dar31 and I a' $ost2e
t+at nobod" e2er 'entoned t+s $ec)lart" to 'e.
*
7. -. 6.
/rs. 6. sa"sJ
1uy *st, *AA?.
I E)te re'e'ber '" +)sband telln& 'e1 on '" &on& to '" roo' on
t+e e2enn& of t+e .Bt+ October1 of a re'ar3able drea' +e +ad D)st +ad1 and
also +s 'a3n& an entr" n t+e $oc3etCboo3 on t+e follo8n& 'ornn&.
4.6.
6e fnd fro' t+e Re&ster of ,eat+s t+at 7ane 6. ded at t+e a&e of =.1
on Oct. .B1 *A=> Lsee belo8M1 at Br#ton1 Isle of 6&+t.
/r. Pod'ore sa"sJ
I called on /r. 7. -. 6. toda" (7)l" <t+1 *AA<)1 and +eard t+e acco)nt
fro' +' vivF voce. -s co)sn5s corroboraton1 for a reason 8+c+ +e
e#$laned to 'e1 cannot be obtaned. B)t +e e#$laned to 'e t+at +e 8ent to
see +s co)sn 8t+n t+ree 'ont+s of t+e deat+1 and rece2ed f)ll $artc)lars
of t+e deat+Cscene fro' +er t+en. I as3ed +' f +e stood b" t+e $+rase at
least .> 'n)tes19 $ontn& o)t t+at t 8as dffc)lt to attac+ an" $recse
'eann& to t+ese 8ordsG f t+e" 8ere a correct descr$ton of +s
'$ressons1 a &rotesE)e ncdent ')st +a2e been nter$olated n t+e 'dst
of an ot+er8se realstc drea'. -e 'antans t+at t+e 8ords are correctG t
see'ed to +' t+at +e and t+e old lad" sat starn& at eac+ ot+er across t+e
table for a 2er" lon& t'e. /r. 6. told 'e t+at +e drea's 2er" lttleG and
t+at +e +as ne2er +ad anot+er drea' 8+c+ +e t+o)&+t 8ort+ notn&. -e +as
ne2er drea't of deat+.
%fter a second call1 /r. Pod'ore 8rtesJ
I rece2ed an acco)nt fro' /rs. 6. of +er +)sband5s drea'1 as s+e
re'e'bered to +a2e +eard t 8t+n an +o)r of ts occ)rrence and
s)bseE)entl"1 +i,JHG- 8+c+ talled $recsel" 8t+ t+e acco)nt +ere &2en. I
sa8 also t+e note 'ade on t+e follo8n& 'ornn&. It occ)rs at t+e +ead of
t+e frst $a&e of a s'all $oc3et s3etc+Cboo31 t+e rest of t+e $a&e ben&
occ)$ed 8t+ $en or $encl 'e'oranda of acco)nts1 &c. T+e entr" s Odd
drea'1 n&+t of October .Bt+1 *A=>.9 T+e last n)'eral1 8+c+ s 2er"
ndstnct1 s a$$arentl" >. /r. 6.1 n 8rtn& +s or&nal acco)nt n /arc+
*AA;1 +ad referred to t+s note and read t+e fnal n)'eral as .. -ence t+e
dscre$anc". -e +as no ot+er 'e'orand)' of t+e deat+.
I $ressed +' as far as I co)ld1 b)t +e stll declnes to &2e +s na'e1
fearn& t+at +e '&+t acE)re t+e re$)taton of ben& &+ostl"9 and fancf)l1
and t+)s nD)re +s $rofessonal $ros$ects.
+() E . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <<<. /rs. Tabo)r 8rtes to
,r. -od&sonJ
.=*A C-IC%GO %VE!:E1 /I!!E%POLI(1 /I!!.1
2ay Ath, *A@?.
I +a2e recentl" learned of a case of re'ar3able a$$earance before deat+1
or rat+er a s+ort t'e $re2o)s to deat+. % 'an ll 8t+ cons)'$ton
a$$eared to a lad" (a frend of 'ne and also a frend of +s) n a $erfectl"
nat)ral 'anner1 $ro$erl" clot+ed1 alt+o)&+ +e 8as ll n bed at t+e t'e1 and
8as fo)nd )$on n2est&aton to +a2e been aslee$ at t+e t'e of t+e
a$$earance. !o81 t+e reason 8+" t+e" 8ere able to establs+ t+e abo2e fact
so acc)ratel" 8as t+at t+e 'an related to +s 8fe1 drectl" )$on a8a3n&1
t+at +e +ad drea'ed of t+s lad" n t+e 'ost 22d 'anner1 and descrbed +er
a$$earance and t+e $oston of t+e f)rnt)re n +er roo's. T+e t8o fa'les
8ere abo)t one da"5s Do)rne" a$art b" ral. T+e 'an ded abo)t a fortn&+t
later. T+ese $eo$le are 8lln& to &2e dates and na'es1 and f "o) 8ll +a2e
"o)r secretar" $re$are a lst of s)c+ E)estons as "o) 'a" 8ant ans8ered1
and for8ard to 'e1 I 8ll &et all nfor'aton $ossble. I t+n3 t 'a" be 8ell
to see to t+e 'atter 8+le I a' +ere.Ver" sncerel" "o)rs1
7O(IE L. 4O6LER T%BO:R.
/rs. Tabo)r addsJ
/rs. (+a&ren s a 8o'an of stron& clar2o"ant $o8ers. %ll t+e $artes
are of (8eds+ brt+1 and of )n)s)al ntell&ence. %t t+e t'e of t+s
a$$earance /rs. (+a&ren 8as abo)t t+rt"Cone. Occ)rred o2er ten "ears a&o.
!o a$$earance at t'e of deat+.
Statement o$ 2rs. Shagren regarding Appearance o$ 2r. 'endricBson.
T+s +a$$ened one da" after I +ad fns+ed '" 'ornn&5s 8or31
+o)se8or3. It 8as abo)t *> o5cloc3. I stood before t+e 'rror don& '" +ar1
8+en I s)ddenl" sa8 +' (/r. -endrc3son) co'n& fro' be+nd1 as f
a$$roac+n& on t$Ctoe. -s +ands 8ere o)tstretc+ed1 and I +ad an
'$resson t+at +e 8o)ld $lace t+e' on '" s+o)ldersG I co)ld e2en +ear +s
last ste$1 l3e t+e sE)ea3 of a boot1 as +e $)t +s foot do8n. I t)rned n
s)r$rse1 and faced +'1 conseE)entl" seen& +' o)t of t+e &lass and n t+e
&lass. %s I t)rned I e#cla'ed1 Is t+at "o)W9 %t least I felt t+at I sad t+at1
b)t as I s$o3e +e 2ans+ed. -e 8as $erfectl" nat)ral n a$$earance1 and
f)ll" dressed1 D)st as I +ad al8a"s seen +'.
In t+e afternoon of t+e sa'e da"1 8+c+ I 3no8 8as %$rl .<t+1 *AA<1 as
I 8as $assn& fro' t+e roo' n 8+c+ I +ad seen +' n t+e 'ornn&1 &on&
t+ro)&+ a s'all +allC8a"1 I +eard ste$s fro' be+nd. T)rned and sa8 +'
+i,JHH- a&an1 dressed as n t+e 'ornn&1 and a&an as I t)rned to8ard +'
+e 2ans+ed.
T+e '$resson of seen& +' 8as not so stron& as n t+e 'ornn&.
T+e ne#t da" a "o)n& lad" frend of 'ne1 and also a frend of /r.
-endrc3son5s fa'l"1 ca'e to 2st 'e1 and 3no8n& of +er frends+$ 8t+
/r. -endrc3son1 I as3ed +er f s+e 3ne8 an"t+n& of t+e fa'l"1 or 8+ere
t+e" 8ere l2n&1 as I +ad +eard not+n& fro' t+e' for abo)t fo)r "ears1 I
+a2n& been so)t+ d)rn& t+at t'e1 and t+e" n t+e 'eant'e +a2n& left t+e
ct".
I as3ed f s+e 3ne8 f /r. -endrc3son 8as stll l2n&1 as I 3ne8 +e +ad
cons)'$ton. (+e re$led t+at +e 8as l2n& t+e last t'e s+e +ad +eard fro'
t+e'. %nd t+en I sad1 I sa8 +' "esterda" 'ornn&.9
/" frend 8as not s)r$rsed1 and re&arded t+e a$$earance as a 8arnn&
of deat+. To '" state'ent s+e sad1 I 8o)ld not be s)r$rsed1 as I rece2ed
a letter fro' +s 8fe sa"n& +e +ad a +e'orr+a&e of t+e l)n&s.
*
Let )s
8rte19 s+e contn)ed1 and fnd o)t f +e s l2n& or dead.9 T+en 8e 8rote
8e bot+ felt )neas"1 and I told of seen& +'. In a fe8 da"s 8e rece2ed a
re$l" sa"n& t+at +e 8as not dead1 b)t t+e doctors +ad sad +e co)ld not l2e1
and t+en L/rs. -.M related +s e#$erence of seen& 'e n a drea'1 8+le
aslee$ on t+e 'ornn& +e +ad a$$eared to 'e. %lt+o)&+ +e +ad ne2er been
n t+e +o)se1 +e descrbed '" roo'1 and sad to +s 8fe1 8+en s$ea3n& of
+s drea'1 (+e loo3ed sto)ter t+an s+e )sed to19 8+c+ 8as tr)e1 as I +ad
&ro8n ')c+ sto)ter n t+e fo)r "ears snce t+e" +ad seen 'e.
/rs. -endrc3son and '"self 8ere frends fro' c+ld+ood. I +ad onl"
3no8n /r. -endrc3son snce +s 'arra&e. 6e 8ere D)st &ood frends. /r.
-endrc3son once told +s 8fe t+at I +ad a$$eared to +'. T+at 8as lon&
before '" e#$erence of seen& +'.
/rs. -endrc3son +as re'arred1 and s no8 /rs. Erc3son1 of
Beresford1 (o)t+ ,a3ota.
((&ned) L/rs.M C. /. (-%GRE!.
=>A (O:T- (I0T- (TREET.
BERE(4OR,1 (.,.1 2ay .=th, *A@?.
/R(. C. /. (-%GRE!1,E%R 4RIE!,1I rece2ed "o)r 8elco'e
letter a fe8 da"s a&o1 and 8ll no8 ans8er t. It 8as n t+e 'ornn& of %$rl
.<t+1 *AA<1 8+en /r. -endrc3son a8o3e and sad +e +ad been drea'n& of
"o). I sad1 I5ll 'ar3 t+s do8n and see f t 'eans so'et+n&.9 -e sle$t
lon&er t+at 'ornn& t+an +e )sed to do1 and n f2e da"s 8e +ad a letter fro'
"o)1 and "o) sad "o) +ad seen +' n "o)r roo' t+at 'ornn& and "o)
t+o)&+t so'et+n& 8o)ld +a$$en to +' before lon&. -e 8as dressed n +s
n&+t clot+es at t+e t'e. On t+e .>t+ of /a" +e ded. I 8rote to ,ora1 b)t I
do not re'e'ber 8+at I dd 8rte or 8+en t 8as. It 8as before +e ded1
an"8a". I +ad not +eard fro' "o) snce "o) 8ent to Tennessee )ntl t+s
t'e. I bele2e "o) sad n "o)r letter t+at "o) &ot '" address fro' ,ora.Y
/R(. 4. ERICR(O!.
4ro' $r2ate letter 8rtten b" /ss ,ora Edenoff1 of C+ca&o1 7)ne
*<t+1 *A@?1 to /rs. (+a&renJ
I +a2e been tr"n& to t+n31 b)t cannot re'e'ber 8+at "o) sad abo)t
+i,JHI- /r. -endrc3son. It does see' t+at "o) dd tell 'e t+at "o) +ad
seen +' n "o)r roo'1 b)t I cannot re'e'ber an" 'ore.Yo)r frend1
,OR%.
In re$l" to ,r. -od&son5s E)eston +o8 /rs. (+a&ren re'e'bered t+at
t+e date 8as %$rl .<t+1 *AA<1 /rs. Tabo)r addsJ
T+ere are 'an" reasons 8+" /rs. (+a&ren re'e'bered t+at date. 4rst1
beca)se of t+e "o)n& lad"1 8+o ca'e fro' anot+er ct"1 and 8as on +er 8a"
to E)ro$e1 and ot+er facts 8+c+ I '&+t tell "o) f necessar". I loo3ed nto
t $rett" caref)ll"1 as I a' rat+er a do)bter '"self.Y
+() F . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *.A.
T+e frst acco)nt 8+c+ follo8s s ta3en fro' an artcle on ,rea's19
b" /ss Gddn&s1 8+c+ a$$eared n The 2etaphysica 2aga3ine for
(e$te'ber *A@?.
(o'e fe8 "ears a&o I 8as t+e &)est n t+e +o'e of an nt'ate frend1
8+ose )n'arred sster1 also an assocate of '" o8n1 8as a8a" at t+e t'e.
/" +ostess1 8+o' I 8ll call /rs. 7.1 8as ta3en s)ddenl" and sero)sl" ll.
T+e fa'l" doctor 8as s)''oned1 b)t as +e 8as a8a"1 a stran&e $+"scan
8as called1 and +e 8as n attendance )$on /rs. 7. 8+en at 'dn&+t +er
o8n doctor arr2ed. Earl" on t+e follo8n& 'ornn& I rece2ed a tele&ra'
fro' t+e absent sster1 sa"n&J Is an"t+n& 8ron& at +o'eW %ns8er
''edatel".9 I re$led1 and before t+e da" 8as o2er a letter addressed to
'e1 and 'aled 8+en t+e tele&ra' 8as sent1 ca'e fro' t+e absent sster1
sa"n&J
I +a2e +ad a $ec)lar and '$ress2e drea' of +o'e. I sa8 %. l"n& on
t+e bed as f 2er" llG 8+le n t+e dressn&Croo'1 as f n cons)ltaton1 8ere
t8o doctors,r. L. (t+e fa'l" $+"scan) and a stran&er1 a tall1 dar3 'an1
8+o' ,r. L. addressed as ,r. Rce. (o '$ressed a' I t+at so'et+n& s
8ron&1 t+at I 8rte to "o) n order to 3no8 as soon as $ossble t+e 'eann&
of t+s stran&e 2son.9
-er drea' 8as as 22d a $ortra"al of 8+at 8as act)all" occ)rrn& at +er
+o'e d)rn& t+e n&+t1 as I1 $ersonall" $resent1 co)ld +a2e &2en. (+e 8as
al'ost correct as to t+e na'e of t+e stran&e doctor1 8+o' s+e +eard
addressed as ,r. Rce1 b)t 8+ose na'e 8as Reed. It 8ll be offered n
e#$lanaton t+at s+e 8as an#o)s abo)t +o'e1 and nat)rall" drea'ed of +er
sster. B)t t+s e#$lanaton 8ll not s)ffce1 for s+e 8as a &rl ')c+ a8a"
fro' +o'e. T+e 'arred sster 8as ne2er ll1 and no 'e'ber of t+e fa'l"
+ad e2er seen or +eard of t+e stran&e $+"scan. T+at t+e sc3 sster 8as
t+n3n& of t+e absent one1 I Bno#. (+e 8as a 8o'an of deter'ned 8ll and
of )n)s)al 'a&netc $o8er1 as +er s)ccess as a $)blc s$ea3er attests. /a"
s+e not1 t+ro)&+ +er desres1 +a2e )nconsco)sl" t+ro8n )$on t+e 'nd of
t+e absent one certan $+oto&ra$+c re2elatons of 8+at 8as act)all"
occ)rrn&W
/ss Gddn&s 8rtesJ
;= 6%L!:T (TREET1 (O/ERVILLE1 /%((.1
1anuary Ath, *A@B.
,R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1YT+e drea' related occ)rred
to '" frend /abel 7enness at a t'e 8+en +er sster1 %nne 7enness /ller1
t+e 8ellC3no8n lect)rer on ,ress19 8as ll at +er !e8 Yor3 resdence. T+e
facts are as I +a2e related t+e'.
I 8as at t+at t'e edtn& /rs. /ller5s 'a&aNne1 and t+e letter to 8+c+
reference s 'ade ca'e to 'e. I dd not 3ee$ t1 b)t /abel 7enness1 no8 +i,
JHJ- /rs. 6'. %. Venter1 Coates -o)se1 Ransas Ct"1 8ll 2erf" '"
state'ent1 or soY8o)ld /rs. /ller1 **< 4ft+ %2en)e1 !.Y.Y
(/ss) L%:R% E. GI,,I!G(.
/rs. Venter 8rtesJ
CO%TE( -O:(E1 R%!(%( CITY1 /O.1
9ebruary ;rd, *A@B.
/R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1Yo)r letter of 7an)ar" .At+
+as D)st reac+ed 'e. I 8ll endea2o)r to &2e "o) as nearl" as $ossble t+e
facts concernn& t+e 2son9 of 8+c+ /ss Gddn&s +as told "o). I 8as n
t+e 6est on a lect)re to)r1 and t+e last n&+t of '" sta" n ,etrot1 /c+.1 I
+ad a drea' n 8+c+ I sa8 '" sster1 /rs. /ller1 l"n& ll. T+ere 8ere
se2eral $eo$le abo)t +er1 and all 8as e#cte'ent. T+ere 8ere t8o $+"scans
n cons)ltatonG one I reco&nsed as ,r. Lo)s (a"er1 of !e8 Yor3 (no8
deceased)1 t+e ot+er I dd not reco&nse1 b)t +s na'e ca'e to 'e as Rce. In
a$$earance t+s 'an 8as abo2e 'ed)' +e&+t1 2er" slender1 and +ad dar3
sdeCbeard.
T+e e#act date of t+s e#$erence I cannot &2e1 b)t I s+o)ld sa" t 8as
abo)t t+e 'ddle of ,ece'ber *AA@. T+e drea' &reatl" '$ressed and
anno"ed 'e. I tred to $)t t fro' 'e1 b)t t $ersstentl" rec)rred to '"
t+o)&+ta +a)ntn& fear. I co)ld not 'a3e t see' a drea'1 and after
se2eral +o)rs I sent t+e tele&ra' to 8+c+ /ss Gddn&s referred. T+e
'essa&e 8as sent fro' Y$slant1 /c+.1 at abo)t noont'e1 on a /onda" (I
re'e'ber 8ell t+e da" of t+e 8ee3)G t+e ans8er to t 8as rece2ed at abo)t
@.;> o5cloc3 n t+e e2enn& of t+e sa'e da". T+at 8+c+ to 'e 8as a drea'
act)all" occ)rred n detal 8+le I 8as drea'n&G and t+e $+"scan 8+o 8as
n realt" n attendance 8t+ ,r. (a"er 8as t+e e'bod'ent of t+e one n '"
2son19 b)t +s na'e 8as Red1 nstead of Rce as I drea'ed.
I +a2e +ad ot+er and s'lar e#$erences1 b)t none so a)t+entc. T+e
ot+ers I cannot $ro2e to +a2e +a$$ened.Y
/%BEL 7E!!E(( VE!TER.
/rs. /ller 8rtesJ
(T. ,E!I( -OTEL1 !.Y.1 9ebruary *st, *A@B.
/R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1. . . T+e drea' e#$erence
related b" /ss Gddn&s occ)rred D)st as related n +er artcle. T+e date of
t+e llness 8as ,ece'ber 5A@. (+e 8as '" &)est at t+e t'e1 and
conseE)entl" 3ne8 t+e detals.
6+en '" sster5s tele&ra' arr2ed ,r. Lo)s (a"er (+e ded ''edatel"
after8ard) 8as sttn& )$on t+e sde of '" bed1 and I re'e'ber t+at +e 8as
$rofo)ndl" '$ressed b" t+e nE)r"1 3no8n& t t+e res)lt of a
$s"c+olo&cal '$resson rece2ed fro' a drea'.Y
%. 7E!!E(( /ILLER.
+(9 A . T+e follo8n& case s E)oted fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol.
. $. ;B?. T+e acco)nt s 8rtten b" /r. !. T. /enneer1 Prnc$al of Torre
Colle&e1 TorE)a"J
*ecember *Ath, *AA;.
I t+o)&+t "o) 8o)ld be nterested n t+e follo8n& acco)nt of a stran&e
drea' t+at ca'e )nder '" notce so'e t8ent"Cs# "ears a&o.
/" 8fe1 snce deceased1 +ad a brot+er resdn& at (ara8a31 and at t+e
t'e to 8+c+ I refer1 sta"n& 8t+ t+e RaDa1 (r 7a'es Broo3e.
T+e follo8n& s an e#tract fro' t+e second 2ol)'e of The 7a"a o$
Sara#aB, b" Gertr)de L. 7acob1 $. .;A. /r. 6elln&ton9 ('" 8fe5s
brot+er) +i,JHK- 8as 3lled n a bra2e atte'$t to defend /rs. /ddleton
and +er c+ldren.9 T+e C+nese1 t a$$ears1 ta3n& /r. 6elln&ton for t+e
RaDa5s son1 str)c3 off +s +ead.
%nd no8 for t+e drea'. I 8as a8o3e one n&+t b" '" 8fe1 8+o started
fro' +er slee$1 terrfed b" t+e follo8n& drea'. (+e sa8 +er headess
brot+er standn& at t+e foot of t+e bed 8t+ +s +ead l"n& on a coffn b" +s
sde. I dd '" best to console '" 8fe1 8+o contn)ed to be ')c+ dstressed
for so'e consderable t'e. %t len&t+ s+e fell aslee$ a&an1 to be a8o3e b"
a s'lar drea'. In t+e 'ornn&1 and for se2eral da"s after1 s+e constantl"
referred to +er drea'1 and antc$ated sad ne8s of +er brot+er.
%nd no8 co'es t+e stran&est $art of t+e stor". 6+en t+e ne8s reac+ed
En&land I co'$)ted a$$ro#'atel" t+e t'e1 and fo)nd it coincided #ith the
memorabe night to #hich ( have re$erred.
!. T. /E!!EER.
In re$l" to nE)res1 /r. /enneer addsJ
/" deceased 8fe ne2er +ad1 as far as I 3no81 s'lar dstressn&
drea's of deat+ to 8+c+ no real e2ent corres$onded.
T+ere s no do)bt t+at t+e C+nese str)c3 off +s +ead. Partc)lars of +s
fate 8ere sent to /r. 6elln&ton5s fat+er b" t+e RaDa +'self.
In sa"n& I calc)lated t+e t'e and fo)nd t to corres$ond appro0imatey1
I $robabl" &a2e "o) a 8ron& '$resson. I dd not note do8n t+e date of t+e
drea'1 b)t 8+en t+e ne8s reac+ed En&land I calc)lated t+e )s)al t'e of
s)c+ a 2o"a&e1 and fo)nd t corres$onded 8t+ t+e t'e I consdered +ad
ela$sed snce t+e n&+t of t+e drea'.
Professor (d&8c31 after an nter2e8 8t+ /r. /enneer1 on (e$te'ber
*=t+1 *AA<1 8roteJ
-e sad t+at /rs. /enneer +ad no defnte dea 8+ere +er brot+er +ad
&oneG t+e" +ad not +eard fro' +' snce +s de$art)reG s+e +ad certanl" no
dea t+at +e 8o)ld be en&a&ed n 'ltar" o$eratons at all1 stll less t+at +e
8o)ld be en&a&ed 8t+ C+nese. In fact s+e 8as n no state of alar' abo)t
+' at all. /r. /enneer sad t+at t+e" dd not $)t do8n t+e date of t+e
drea' at t+e t'e1 and t+at 8+en t+e ne8s ca'e +e co)ld not re'e'ber t
e#actl"G b)t +e too3 $ans to calc)late t at t+e t'e1 and satsfed +'self
t+at t 8as at t+e t'e of t+e deat+ as nearl" as +e co)ld rec3on. -e +ad not
been a bele2er n drea's $re2o)sl". -e +eard t+e $artc)lars of t+e deat+
fro' /r. 6elln&ton1 t+e fat+er.
T+s drea'9 (sad G)rne")1 f t s to be tele$at+call" e#$laned1 ')st
a$$arentl" +a2e been d)e to t+e last flas+ of t+o)&+t n t+e brot+er5s
consco)sness. It 'a" see' stran&e t+at a defnte $ct)re of +s 'ode of
deat+ s+o)ld $resent tself to a 'an n t+e nstant of rece2n& an )ne#$ected
and fatal blo8G b)t1 as -obbes sad1 Ht+o)&+t s E)c3.I T+e coffn1 at an"
rate1 'a" be ta3en as an te' of deat+C'a&er" s)$$led b" t+e drea'er5s
'nd.9
6e +a2e snce1 +o8e2er1 seen a letter fro' (r 7a'es Broo3e (RaDa+ of
(ara8a3) and an e#tract fro' t+e Straits Times of /arc+ .*st1 *A?=1 n t+e
(London) Times for %$rl .@t+1 *A?=1 8+c+ 'a3e t1 I t+n31 E)te
conce2able t+at t+e drea' 8as a reflecton of +i,JHL- 3no8led&e acE)red
b" /r. 6elln&ton after deat+1 and t+at t+e head on the co$$in +ad a dstnct
'eann&. (r 7a'es Broo3e sa"sJ Poor 6elln&ton5s re'ans 8ere
cons)'ed Lb" t+e C+neseMG +s +ead1 borne off n tr)'$+1 alone attestn&
+s $re2o)s ')rder.9 T+e Straits Times sa"sJ T+e +ead 8as &2en )$ on
t+e follo8n& da".9 T+e +ead1 t+erefore1 and t+e +ead alone1 ')st
)ndo)btedl" +a2e been b)red b" /r. 6elln&ton5s frendsG and ts
a$$earance n t+e drea' on a co$$in, 8t+ t+e +eadless bod" standn& besde
t1 s a concdence e2en 'ore s&nfcant t+an t+e facts 8+c+ G)rne" +ad
before +' 8+en +e 8rote.
+(9 B . T+e ne#t case (E)oted fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $.
<?;) s fro' /rs. L&+tfoot1 a lad" 8+o 8as none t+e 8orse 8tness
beca)se s+e too3 not t+e sl&+test nterest n o)r 8or3. T+e na'es and dates
8ere flled n b" G)rne"1 ''edatel" after a $ersonal nter2e81 7an)ar"
;>t+1 *AA<.
?* (-%4TE(B:RY RO%,1 R%VE!(CO:RT P%RR1 6.1
1anuary **th, *AA<.
In &2n& t+e follo8n& e#$erence1 I 'a" $re'se t+at as a c+ld1 and
snce1 I +a2e co'$arat2el" +ad b)t lttle 3no8led&e (as a $ersonal
e#$erence) of fearG and n t+e e#stence of &+osts I +a2e al8a"s
dsbele2ed. ,d I e2er see or +ear s&+ts or so)nds for 8+c+1 on
e#a'naton1 I co)ld not acco)nt1 I +a2e al8a"s co'e to t+e concl)son t+at
t+e" arose fro' nat)ral ca)ses 8+c+ 8ere be"ond '" reac+ of nE)r"
+ence I al8a"s ref)sed to acce$t an"t+n& 8t+o)t $roof1 and I 'a" add1 t+at
I +a2e rarel" been con2nced.
(o'e ten "ears a&o1 8+en n Inda1 I contracted a &reat frends+$1
8+c+ 8as rec$rocated1 for a lad"1 /rs. Reed1 t+e 8fe of an offcer. (+e
+ad not been 2er" stron&1 b)t 8+en I $arted fro' +er 8t+ t+e ntenton of
ret)rnn& to En&land1 no dan&er (t+e 8ord +ad not e2en been 'entoned)
8as antc$ated1 and for so'e fe8 'ont+s after '" ret)rn I +eard fro' +er1
br&+t and c+eerf)l letters eno)&+. In t+e' s+e certanl" s$o3e of +er +ealt+
not ben& &ood1 b)t not+n& 'ore. T+en after a t'e +er letters ceased1 b)t I
+eard 2er" re&)larl" fro' ot+ers n t+e sa'e $lace1 and t+e" 'entoned t+at
+er +ealt+ 8as &rad)all" &ettn& 8orse1 and t+at s+e 8o)ld $robabl" be
ordered to En&land for a t+oro)&+ c+an&e1 b)t stll I +eard no so)nd of fatal
endn&1 and I 8as loo3n& for8ard to +er ret)rn 8t+ a &reat de&ree of
$leas)re.
It 8as '" $ractce not onl" to &o to bed 2er" late1 b)t also for t+e last
+alfC+o)r to $c3 )$ a boo31 t+e 'ost )nnterestn& and dr" t+at t 8as
$ossble to fnd1 and so tr" to soot+e t+e 'nd. T+e 'o'ent I co''enced to
reall" feel slee$" I 8o)ld lo8er t+e &as to al'ost a $n5s $ont (for I dd not
care to e#tn&)s+ t1 as I +ad a c+ld of t+ree slee$n& n t+e sa'e roo')1
and t+en I co)ld al8a"s co'$ose '"self co'fortabl" to a slee$ nto 8+c+ I
co)ld t+en fall n a 2er" fe8 'n)tes.
On t+e n&+t of (e$te'ber .*st1 *A=<1 I +ad follo8ed t+s e#act ro)tne.
I +ad $)t asde '" boo31 lo8ered t+e &as1 and at a lttle after 'dn&+t I 8as
so)nd aslee$. %s I 3ne8 after8ards1 I ')st +a2e sle$t abo)t t+ree +o)rs1
8+en I 8as s)ddenl" aro)sed (and 8as1 so far as I 3no81 per$ecty #ide
a#aBe) b" a 2olent nose at '" door1 8+c+ 8as loc3ed. I +a2e so'e
recollecton of feeln& +i,JHM- astons+ed (of fear I t+en +ad none) at seen&
or rat+er +earn& 8t+n t+e nstant '" door t+ro8n 2olentl" o$en1 as
t+o)&+ b" so'e one n &reat an&er1 and I 8as nstantl" consco)s t+at so'e
one1 so'et+n&1 8+at s+all I call it1 8as n t+e roo'. 4or t+e +)ndredt+ $art
of a second t see'ed to $a)se D)st 8t+n t+e roo'1 and t+en b" a
'o2e'ent1 8+c+ t s '$ossble for 'e to descrbeb)t t see'ed to
'o2e 8t+ a ra$d $)s+it 8as at t+e foot of '" bed. %&an a $a)seG for
a&an t+e +)ndredt+ $art of a second1 and t+e f&)reCs+a$e rose. I heard t1
b)t as t &ot +&+er ts 'o2e'ents E)eted1 and $resentl" it 8as abo2e '"
bed1 l"n& +orNontall"1 ts face do8n8ards1 $arallel 8t+ '" face1 ts feet to
'" feet1 b)t 8t+ a dstance of so'e t+ree or fo)r feet bet8een )s. T+s for a
'o'ent1 8+lst I 8ated s'$l" n astons+'ent and c)rost" (for I +ad not
t+e 2er" fantest dea of et+er 8+o or 8+at t 8as)1 b)t no fear1 and t+en t
s$o3e. In an nstant I reco&nsed t+e 2oce1 t+e old fa'lar '$ero)s 8a"
of s$ea3n&1 as '" C+rstan na'e so)nded clear and f)ll t+ro)&+ t+e roo'.
4rances19 t re$eated1 I 8ant "o)G co'e 8t+ 'e. Co'e at once.9 2y
2oce res$onded as nstantaneo)sl"1 Yes1 I5ll co'e. 6+at need for s)c+ a
+)rr"W9 and t+en ca'e a E)c3 '$erat2e re$l"1 B)t "o) must co'e at
once/ co'e nstantl"1 and 8t+o)t a 'o'ent5s $a)se or +estaton.9 I see'ed
to be dra8n )$8ards b" so'e e#traordnar" 'a&netc nfl)ence1 and t+en
D)st as s)ddenl" and 2olentl" t+ro8n do8n a&an.
In one second of t'e t+e roo' 8as n a deat+l" stllness1 and t+e 8ords1
(+e s dead19 8ere s'$l" b)rnt nto '" 'nd. I sat )$ n bed daNed1 and
no#, for t+e frst t'e1 fr&+tened be"ond 'eas)re. I sat 2er" stll for a fe8
'o'ents1 &rad)all" 'a3n& o)t t+e dfferent for's n t+e roo'1 t+en I
t)rned t+e &as1 8+c+ 8as D)st abo2e '" +ead1 f)ll on1 onl" to see t+at t+e
roo' 8as totall" )nc+an&ed. %t t+e foot of '" bed1 at so'e dstance fro'
t1 8as t+e c+ld5s ron cot. I &ot )$ and loo3ed at +'G +e 8as slee$n& E)te
$eacef)ll"1 and +ad e2dentl" been totall" )ndst)rbed. I 8ent to t+e door1 to
fnd t $ast ocBed. I o$ened t1 and &aNed nto t+e $assa&etotal slence and
stllness e2er"8+ere. I 8ent nto t+e ne#t roo'1 8+ere t+ere 8ere slee$n&
t8o ot+er c+ldren and t+er n)rse1 to fnd eE)al E)etness t+ere. T+en I
ret)rned to '" roo'1 and I ')st confess t1 8t+ an a8f)l fear o$$ressn&
'e. (+e +ad co'e once'&+t s+e not co'e a&anW I 8rote do8n t+e date
and t+e +o)r1 and t+en o$enn& s+)tter and 8ndo8 onl" loo3ed o)t for t+e
8elco'e da8n.
I 8ent do8n to brea3fast t+at 'ornn&1 b)t sad not+n& of t+e detals of
'" drea'1
*
onl" 'entonn& t+at I +ad +ad a 2er" bad and a 2er" 22d one.
%fter8ards I fo)nd I co)ld settle to not+n&1 and at last 8as beco'n&
$ost2el" so ll t+at I 8as obl&ed to &o bac3 to bed. T+at sa'e afternoon1
c)ro)sl" eno)&+1 a sster ca'e to see 'e1 8+o +ad been abroad 8t+ 'e1
and 8+lst t+ere +ad 3no8n and l3ed t+s sa'e frend. (+e sa8 I 8as ')c+
)$set abo)t so'et+n& of 8+c+ I dd not care to s$ea31 and1 b" 8a" of
c+eern& 'e )$1 be&an telln& 'e ne8s of 2aro)s ')t)al frends. %t last1
d)rn& a sl&+t $a)se1 s+e sad1 B" t+e 8a"1 +a2e "o) +eard an"t+n& latel"
of /rs. ReedW 8+en last I +eard1 s+e 8as not 2er" 8ell.9 (nstanty ca'e '"
re$l"1 O+1 s+e s dead19 and t 8as onl" '" sster5s loo3 of blan3 +orror and
astons+'ent t+at recalled 'e to '"self. 6+at do "o) 'eanW 8+en dd "o)
+earW9 ca'e fro' +er n ra$d )tterance1 and t+en I bet+o)&+t 'e ho#
ndeed dd I +earW #ho +ad told 'eW B)t tell +er t+e drea' I coud not1 so I
'erel" ans8ered1 Yo) 8ll +i,JHN- see t+at I a' r&+t 8+en "o) loo3 n t+e
ne8s$a$ersho# I +a2e +eard of t I 8ll tell "o) so'e ot+er t'e19 and
drectl" I c+an&ed t+e con2ersaton. T+e 2st dd &ood1 +o8e2er1 for I &ot
)$ and 8ent o)t 8t+ +er1 and I can onl" sa" t+at t+e '$resson '" 'anner
and 8ords 'ade )$on +er 8as so dee$ t+at t+e 'o'ent s+e arr2ed +o'e
s+e sat do8n and 8rote to a lad" n t+e 6est of En&landone 8+o 3ne8 )s
a, and 8+o +eard b" e2er" 'al fro' +er +)sband1 8+o 8as n t+e sa'e
$lace as o)r frend. /" sster told +er e#actl" 8+at I +ad sad1 and be&&ed
t+at s+e 8o)ld at once send +er $artc)lars1 snce I +ad not done so. B"
ret)rn ca'e t+e re$l"J
I cannot1 dear Lad" B.1 n t+e least )nderstand "o)r letter1 nor 8+at
"o)r sster can $ossbl" 'ean. T+e last fore&n 'al onl" ca'e n this
'ornn&9 (after t+e date1 of co)rse1 of '" drea')1 and so far fro' ben&
Hdead1I '" +)sband tells 'e /rs. Reed s ')c+ betterG t+erefore1 8+ere
/rs. L. ('"self) can +a2e obtaned +er ne8s s be"ond '" co'$re+enson1
for t s quite impossibe t+at s+e can +a2e +ad later ne8s t+an 'ne1 n fact1
not so late1 snce '" fore&n letter arr2ed after "o)r 2st to +er.9 LT+s s
not a copy, b)t a reminiscence of t+e letter.M
%nd so t+e 'atter rested1 b)t 8t+n a 'ont+ fro' t+e date of '" drea'
ca'e t+e ne8s of /rs. Reed5s deat+1 on (e$te'ber .*st.
I +a2e b)t lttle no8 to add. T+e berea2ed +)sband ret)rned to En&land
and called )$on 'e. -e &a2e 'e so'e detals of t+e last da"s1 and on '"
as3n& 8+et+er +e re'e'bered +er last 8ords1 +e t)rned to 'e 8t+ E)te a
loo3 of s)r$rse1 and sad1 6+"1 /rs. L&+tfoot1 I bele2e your na'e 8as
t+e last s+e 'entoned.9 4)rt+er1 t 8as many 'ont+s after8ards before '"
sster a&an broac+ed t+e s)bDect1 b)t at last one da" s+e sad1 I do 8s+ "o)
8o)ld tell 'e no# "o) 3ne8 of /rs. Reed5s deat+.9 Of co)rse I t+en told
+er1 and I 'a" add1 t+at so dee$ 8as t+e '$resson $rod)ced )$on +er t+at
e2en n +er last llness1 8+c+ occ)rred se2en or e&+t "ears after8ards1 s+e
s$o3e of t. 4or '"self I ne2er reall" reco2ered t+e s+oc3 for a lon& t'e1
and e2en no8 t+e '$resson s as 22d as t+o)&+ t +ad onl" +a$$ened
"esterda".
4R%!CE( 6. LIG-T4OOT.
G)rne" adds to t+s acco)ntJ
Bot+ t+e Cacutta 8ngishman and t+e &ioneer 2ai (%lla+abad) &2e
(e$te'ber .>t+1 *A=<1 as t+e date of /rs. Reed5s deat+. /rs. L&+tfoot +as
)nfort)natel" not 3e$t +er note of t+e da" and +o)r. %s s+e +as no8 no
independent recollecton of t+e date of +er e#$erence1 b)t onl" re'e'bers
t+e fact of t+e coincidence, and as t s $ractcall" certan t+at s+e +eard t+e
correct date of t+e deat+1 t+e .>t+1 8+c+ +as snce beco'e con2erted n +er
'e'or" to t+e .*st1 t see's tolerabl" safe to ass)'e t+at +er e#$erence
fell on t+e n&+t of t+e .>t+1 t+at s1 on t+e earl" 'ornn& of t+e .*stnot
on t+e night of t+e .*st1 as stated n t+e acco)nt.
In ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+et+er t+s 8as t+e onl" occason on 8+c+
s+e +as +ad a sensor" +all)cnaton of t+s 3nd1 /rs. L&+tfoot ans8ered
Yes.9 (+e adds t+at +er sster1 Lad" B.1 'entoned t+e 'atter at once to
se2eral frends and relat2es.9 T+s sster +as snce ded.
In con2ersaton1 /rs. L&+tfoot confr'ed a&an t+e fact of +a2n& +ad
no sort of 2s)al +all)cnaton on an" ot+er occason. (+e once1 and once
onl"1 +as +ad anot+er re'ar3able auditory e#$erence1 8+en t+e s)dden
+earn& of +er C+rstan na'e sa2ed +er fro' a terrble fall n t+e dar3. T+e
or&n of t+e so)nd 8as caref)ll" nE)red nto and co)ld not be ascertaned.
+i,JHO-
%s a proo$ of t+e absol)te con2cton $rod)ced n +er t+at +er frend 8as
dead1 s+e told 'e t+at s+e +ad $re$ared a brt+da" $resent to send +er1 and
t+e bo# 8as act)all" soldered )$1 and +ad been &on& b" t+e ne#t 'alG b)t
s+e felt t '$ossble to send t.
(+e +ad been )nder t+e '$resson t+at t+e t'e of deat+ e#actl"
concded 8t+ +er 2sonG b)t s+e +ad rec3oned dfference of lon&t)de t+e
8ron& 8a". /rs. Reed5s +)sband nfor'ed +er1 on +er nE)r"1 t+at t+e
deat+ too3 $lace at ele2en1 t+at s1 ** P./. (as s+e t+n3s of (e$te'ber .*st1
b)t no do)bt of (e$te'ber .>t+)G and t+e 2son 8as $robabl"1 t+erefore1
e&+t or nne +o)rs a$ter t.
/" '$resson of /rs. L&+tfoot entrel" corres$onds 8t+ +er o8n
descr$ton of +erselft+at s+e s a $ractcal $erson1 and 8t+o)t an" sort of
$reds$oston to fr&+ts or 2sons. T+e $resent one &a2e +er a 'ost se2ere
s+oc31 t+e effects of 8+c+ lasted for so'e t'e.
+(9 C . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *@@. %s to t+e
e2dental force of t+s case1 I 'a" $ont o)t t+at t+e $erc$ent states t+e
e#$erence to +a2e been )nE)e n +s lfeG and t+at t+e 2olence of t+e effect
$rod)ced1 leadn& to t+e 2er" )n)s)al entr" n t+e dar"1 $)ts t+e 2son
o)tsde t+e co''on r)n of drea's 8+c+ 'a" D)stl" be +eld to afford
al'ost l'tless sco$e for accdental concdences. T+e narrat2e s fro' /r.
4rederc3 6n&feld1 of Belle Isle en Terre1 Cbtes d) !ord1 4rance.
*ecember .>th1 *AA;.
I &2e "o) '" 'ost sole'n ass)rance t+at 8+at I a' abo)t to relate s
t+e e#act acco)nt of 8+at occ)rred. I 'a" re'ar3 t+at I a' so lttle lable to
t+e '$)taton of ben& easl" '$ressed 8t+ a sense of t+e s)$ernat)ral
*
t+at I +a2e been acc)sed1 and 8t+ reason1 of ben& )nd)l" sce$tcal )$on
'atters 8+c+ la" be"ond '" $o8ers of e#$lanaton.
On t+e n&+t of T+)rsda" t+e .?t+ of /arc+ *AA> I retred to bed after
readn& tll late1 as s '" +abt. I drea'ed t+at I 8as l"n& on '" sofa
readn&1 8+en on loo3n& )$ I sa8 dstnctl" t+e f&)re of '" brot+er1
Rc+ard 6n&feldCBa3er1 sttn& on t+e c+ar before 'e. I drea'ed t+at I
s$o3e to +'1 b)t t+at +e s'$l" bent +s +ead n re$l"1 rose1 and left t+e
roo'. 6+en I a8o3e I fo)nd '"self standn& 8t+ one foot on t+e &ro)nd
b" '" bedsde1 and t+e ot+er on t+e bed1 tr"n& to s$ea3 and to $rono)nce
'" brot+er5s na'e. (o stron& 8as t+e '$resson as to t+e realt" of +s
$resence1 and so 22d t+e 8+ole scene as drea't1 t+at I left '" bedroo' to
searc+ for '" brot+er n t+e sttn&Croo'. I e#a'ned t+e c+ar 8+ere I +ad
seen +' seated1 I ret)rned to bed1 tred to fall aslee$ n t+e +o$e of a
re$etton of t+e a$$earance1 b)t '" 'nd 8as too e#cted1 too $anf)ll"
dst)rbed1 as I recalled 8+at I +ad drea'ed. I ')st +a2e1 +o8e2er1 fallen
aslee$ to8ards t+e 'ornn&G b)t 8+en I a8o3e t+e '$resson of '" drea'
8as as 22d as e2er1 and I 'a" add s to t+s 2er" +o)r eE)all" stron& and
clear. /" sense of '$endn& e2l 8as so stron& t+at I at once 'ade a note
n '" 'e'orand)'Cboo3 of t+s a$$earance19 and added t+e 8ords1 God
forbdZ9
T+ree da"s after8ards I rece2ed t+e ne8s t+at '" brot+er1 Rc+ard
6n&feldCBa3er1 +ad ded on T+)rsda" e2enn& t+e .?t+ of /arc+ *AA>1 at
A.;> P./.1 +i,JIP- fro' t+e effects of t+e terrble nD)res rece2ed n a fall
8+le +)ntn& 8t+ t+e Blac3'ore Vale +o)nds.
I 8ll onl" add t+at I +a2e been l2n& n t+s to8n so'e t8el2e 'ont+sG
t+at I +ad not +ad an" recent co'')ncaton 8t+ '" brot+erG t+at I 3ne8
+' to be n &ood +ealt+1 and t+at +e 8as a $erfect +orse'an. I dd not at
once co'')ncate t+s drea' to an" nt'ate frendt+ere 8as )nl)c3l"
none +ere at t+at 2er" 'o'entb)t I dd relate t+e stor" after t+e rece$t of
t+e ne8s of '" brot+er5s deat+1 and s+o8ed t+e entr" n '" 'e'orand)'C
boo3. %s e2dence1 of co)rse1 t+s s 8ort+lessG b)t I &2e "o) '" 8ord of
+ono)r t+at t+e crc)'stances I +a2e related are t+e $ost2e tr)t+.
4RE,. 6I!G4IEL,.
9ebruary <th, *AA<.
I ')st e#$lan '" slence b" t+e e#c)se t+at I co)ld not $roc)re tll
toda" a letter fro' '" frend t+e Prnce de L)cn&eC4a)c&n"1 n 8+c+ +e
'entons t+e fact of '" +a2n& related to +' t+e $artc)lars of '" drea'
on t+e .?t+ of /arc+ *AA>. -e ca'e fro' Pars to sta" a fe8 da"s 8t+ 'e
earl" n %$rl1 and sa8 t+e entr" n '" noteCboo31 8+c+ I no8 enclose for
"o)r ns$ecton. Yo) 8ll obser2e t+e ntals R. B. 6. B.1 and a c)ro)s
stor" s attac+ed to t+ese letters. ,)rn& t+at slee$less n&+t I nat)rall" d8elt
)$on t+e ncdent1 and recalled t+e crc)'stances connected 8t+ t+e
a$$arton. T+o)&+ I dstnctl" reco&nsed '" brot+er5s feat)res1 t+e dea
flas+ed )$on 'e t+at t+e f&)re bore so'e sl&+t rese'blance to '" 'ost
nt'ate and 2al)ed frend1 Colonel B&&e1 and n '" dread of '$endn&
e2l to one to 8+o' I a' so ')c+ attac+ed1 I 8rote t+e fo)r ntals1 R. B.
for Rc+ard Ba3er1 and 6. B. for 6lla' B&&e. 6+en t+e tdn&s of '"
brot+er5s deat+ reac+ed 'e I a&an loo3ed at t+e entr"1 and sa8 8t+
astons+'ent t+at t+e fo)r letters stood for '" brot+er5s f)ll na'e1 Rc+ard
Ba3er 6n&feldCBa3er1 t+o)&+ I +ad al8a"s s$o3en of +' as Rc+ard
Ba3er n co''on 8t+ t+e rest of '" fa'l". T+e f&)re I sa8 8as t+at of
'" brot+erG and n '" an#o)s state of 'nd I 8orred '"self nto t+e belef
t+at $ossbl" t '&+t be t+at of '" old frend1 as a rese'blance dd e#st n
t+e fas+on of t+er beards. I can &2e "o) no f)rt+er e#$lanatons1 nor can I
$rod)ce f)rt+er test'on" n s)$$ort of '" assertons.
4RE,. 6I!G4IEL,.
6t+ t+s letter9 (8rtes G)rne") /r. 6n&feld sent 'e t+e noteboo31
n 8+c+1 a'on& a n)'ber of b)sness 'e'oranda1 notes of boo3s1 &c.1 I
fnd t+e entr"H%$$earanceT+)rsda" n&+t1 .?t+ of /arc+ *AA>. R. B.
6. B. God forbdZI9
T+e follo8n& letter 8as enclosedJ
CO%TC%!C!O(1 . $;vrier, *AA<.
/ O! C -ER % /I 1
7e n5a a)c)n effort de 'U'ore a fare $o)r 'e ra$$eler le fat dont
2o)s 'e $arleN1 car D5en a conser2U )n so)2enr trPs net et trPs $rUcs.
LTransation M
7e 'e so)2ens $arfate'ent E)e le d'anc+e1 < a2rl1 *AA>1 Utant arr2U
de Pars le 'atn 'O'e $o)r $asser c E)elE)es Do)rs1 D5a UtU dUDenner a2ec
2o)s. 7e 'e so)2ens a)ss $arfate'ent E)e De 2o)s a tro)2U fort U') de la
do)lo)re)se no)2elle E) 2o)s Utat $ar2en)e E)elE)es Do)rs
*
a)$ara2ant1 de
la 'ort de l5)n des 'esse)rs 2os frPres. 7e 'e ra$$elle a)ss co''e s le
fat s5Utat $assU +er1 tant D5en a UtU fra$$U1 E)e E)elE)es Do)rs a2ant
d5a$$rendre la +i,JIG- trste no)2elle1 2o)s a2eN )n sor1 Utant dUDa co)c+U1
2)1 o) cr) 2or1 'as en to)s cas trPs dstncte'ent1 2otre frPre1 cel) dont
2o)s 2eneN d5a$$rendre la 'ort s)bte1 to)t $rPs de 2otre lt1 et E)e1 dans la
con2cton oo 2o)s UteN E)e c5Utat ben l) E)e 2o)s $erce2eN1 2o)s 2o)s
UteN le2U et l) a2eN adressU la $arole1 et E)5a ce 'o'ent 2o)s a2eN cessU
de le 2or co''e s5l s5Utat U2ano) ans E)5)n s$ectre. 7e 'e so)2ens
encore E)e1 so)s l5'$resson de l5U'oton ben nat)relle E) a2at UtU la
s)te de cet U2Pne'ent1 2o)s l5a2eN nscrt dans )n $ett carnet oo 2o)s a2eN
l5+abt)de d5Ucrre les fats sallants de 2otre trPs $asble e#stence1 et E)e
2o)s '5a2eN fat 2or ce carnet. Cette a$$arton1 cette 2son1 o) ce son&e1
co''e 2o)s 2o)dreN l5a$$eler1 est nscrt1 s D5a bon so)2enr1 a la date d)
.< o) d) .? fU2rer1
*
et ce n5est E)e de)# o) tros Do)rs a$rPs E)e 2o)s a2eN
rep) la no)2elle offcelle de la 'ort de 2otre frPre. LTransation M
75a UtU d5a)tant 'ons s)r$rs de ce E)e 2o)s 'e dseN alors1 et D5en a
a)ss conser2U )n so)2enr d5a)tant $l)s net et $rUcs1 co''e De 2o)s le
dsas en co''enpant1 E)e D5a dans 'a fa'lle des fats s'lares a)#E)els
De cros absol)'ent.Y LTransation M
4%:CIG!Y1 PRI!CE L:CI!GE.
In ans8er to nE)res1 /r. 6n&feld addsJ
I +a2e ne2er +ad an" ot+er startln& drea' of t+e sa'e nat)re1 nor an"
drea' fro' 8+c+ I 8o3e 8t+ t+e sa'e sense of realt" and dstress1 and of
8+c+ t+e effect contn)ed lon& after I 8as 8ell a8a3e. !or +a2e I )$on an"
ot+er occason +ad a +all)cnaton of t+e senses.
T+e Times obt)ar" for /arc+ ;>t+1 *AA>1 records t+e deat+ of /r. R. B.
6n&feldCBa3er1 of Orsett -all1 Esse#1 as +a2n& ta3en $lace on t+e .?t+.
T+e 8sse0 (ndependent &2es t+e sa'e date1 addn& t+at /r. Ba3er breat+ed
+s last abo)t @ o5cloc3.
+(9 D . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <.>.
.
4ro' /ss RIC-%R,(O!1 <= Bedford Gardens1 Rensn&ton1 6.
T+e 8rter s a 2er" 8ort+" 8fe of a s+o$3ee$er1 8+o told 'e t+e
occ)rrence so'e "ears a&o1 t+en 8t+ 'ore detal1 as t 8as fres+ n +er
'e'or"1 and +er +)sband can 2o)c+ for t+e facts told +' at t+e t'e1 and
t+e stran&e )ncann"9 effect of t+e drea' on +er 'nd for so'e t'e after.
4ro' /rs. GREE! to /ss RIC-%R,(O!.
!E6RY1 .*st 9irst 2onth, *AA?.
,E%R 4RIE!,1In co'$lance 8t+ t+" reE)est1 I &2e t+ee t+e
$artc)lars of '" drea'.
I sa8 t8o res$ectabl"Cdressed fe'ales dr2n& alone n a 2e+cle l3e a
'neralC8ater cart. T+er +orse sto$$ed at a 8ater to drn3G b)t as t+ere 8as
+i,JIH- no footn&1 +e lost +s balance1 and n tr"n& to reco2er t +e $l)n&ed
r&+t n. 6t+ t+e s+oc31 t+e 8o'en stood )$ and s+o)ted for +el$1 and t+er
+ats rose off t+er +eads1 and as all 8ere &on& do8n I t)rned a8a" cr"n&1
and sa"n&1 6as t+ere no one at all to +el$ t+e'W9 )$on 8+c+ I a8o3e1
and '" +)sband as3ed 'e 8+at 8as t+e 'atter. I related t+e abo2e drea' to
+'1 and +e as3ed 'e f I 3ne8 t+e'. I sad I dd not1 and t+o)&+t I +ad
ne2er seen et+er of t+e'. T+e '$resson of t+e drea' and t+e tro)ble t
bro)&+t 8as o2er 'e all da". I re'ar3ed to '" son t 8as t+e ann2ersar" of
+s brt+da" and '" o8n alsot+e *>t+ of 4rst /ont+1 and t+s s 8+" I
re'e'ber t+e date.
T+e follo8n& T+rd /ont+ I &ot a letter and ne8s$a$er fro' '"
brot+er n %)strala1 na'ed %llen1 lettn& 'e 3no8 t+e sad tro)ble 8+c+
+ad befallen +' n t+e loss1 b" dro8nn&1 of one of +s da)&+ters and +er
co'$anon. T+o) 8lt see b" t+e descr$ton &2en of t n t+e $a$er +o8 t+e
e2ent corres$onded 8t+ '" drea'. /" nece 8as born n %)strala1 and I
ne2er sa8 +er.
Please ret)rn t+e $a$er at t+" con2enence. Consdern& t+at o)r n&+t s
t+er da"1 I ')st +a2e been n s"'$at+" 8t+ t+e s)fferers at t+e t'e of t+e
accdent1 on t+e *>t+ of 4rst /ont+1 *A=A.
It s referred to n t8o se$arate $laces n t+e ne8s$a$er.
4ro' t+e (nge#ood Advertiser.
9riday evening, 1anuary **th1 *A=A.
% dreadf)l accdent occ)rred n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood of 6edderb)rn on
6ednesda" last1 res)ltn& n t+e deat+ of t8o 8o'en1 na'ed Le+e" and
%llen. It a$$ears t+at t+e deceased 8ere dr2n& nto 6edderb)rn n a s$rn&
cart fro' t+e drecton of Rn"$anal1 8+en t+e" atte'$ted to 8ater t+er
+orse at a da' on t+e bo)ndar" of Tor$c+en (taton. T+e da' 8as *> or *.
feet dee$ n one s$ot1 and nto t+s dee$ +ole t+e" ')st +a2e nad2ertentl"
dr2en1 for /r. 6. /cRec+ne1 'ana&er of Tor$c+en (taton1 )$on &on&
to t+e da' so'e +o)rs after8ards1 dsco2ered t+e s$rn& cart and +orse
)nder t+e 8ater1 and t8o 8o'en5s +ats floatn& on t+e s)rface.Y T+e da'
8as searc+ed1 and t+e bodes of t+e t8o 8o'en1 clas$ed n eac+ ot+er5s
ar's1 reco2ered.
E#tract fro' E2dence &2en at t+e InE)est.
7ose$+ 7o+n %llen1 far'er1 de$osedJ I dentf" one of t+e bodes as t+at
of '" sster. I sa8 +er abo)t ** %./. "esterda".Y T+e +orse +ad bro3en
a8a" and I ca)&+t t for +er. /rs. Le+e" and '" sster 'et 'e 8+en I
ca)&+t t+e +orse.Y T+e" t+en too3 t+e +orse and 8ent to /r. Clar3e5s. I dd
not see t+e' after8ards al2e.9 6lla' /cRec+ne de$osedJ %bo)t < P./.
"esterda" I 8as rdn& b" t+e da' 8+en I obser2ed t+e le&s of a +orse and
t+e c+est abo2e t+e 8ater.9
/r. Green confr's as follo8sJ
!E6RY1 *?th Second 2onth, *AA?.
,E%R 4RIE!,1 E,IT- RIC-%R,(O!1In reference to t+e drea' t+at
'" 8fe +ad of seen& t8o 8o'en t+ro8n o)t of a s$rn& cart b" t+er +orse
sto$$n& to drn3 o)t of so'e dee$ 8ater1 I re'e'ber s+e 8as &reatl"
dstressed abo)t t1 and see'ed to feel &reat s"'$at+" for t+e'. It occ)rred
on t+e n&+t of t+e @t+ of 7an)ar".
+i,JII-
T+e reason I can re'e'ber t+e date so 8ell s t+at t+e *>t+ 8as t+e
ann2ersar" of '" 8fe and o)r son5s brt+da". %s t+e da" ad2anced s+e
see'ed to &et 8orse1 and I ad2sed +er to &o o)t for a dr2eG 8+en s+e
ret)rned s+e told 'e s+e 8as no better1 and also sad s+e +ad told t+e dr2er
not to &o near 8ater1 lest so'e accdent s+o)ld +a$$en1 as s+e +ad +ad s)c+
a dreadf)l drea' t+e n&+t before1 at t+e sa'e t'e telln& +' t+e nat)re of
t. %s '" 8fe5s nece dd not l2e 8t+ +er fat+er1 +e 8as not told of t )ntl
t+e ne#t 'ornn&1 8+c+ 8o)ld be o)r e2enn& of t+e *>t+1 and 8+c+ 8e
t+n3 acco)nted for t+e ncreased tro)ble s+e felt n s"'$at+" 8t+ +'.
T-O(. GREE!.
/rs. Green +as +ad no ot+er e#$erence of t+e sort.
In&le8ood s n X)eensland1 on t+e border of !e8 (o)t+ 6ales.
+(9 E . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;<*.
Co'')ncated b" 4rS)len (c+neller1 ssterCnCla8 of t+e $erc$ent1
and 3no8n to 4.6.-./.1 7an)ar" *A@>.
,OBER :!, P%:(E1 (C-LE(IE!1 *ecember *.th, *AA@.
%bo)t a "ear a&o t+ere ded n a ne&+bo)rn& 2lla&e a bre8er called
6qnsc+er1 8t+ 8+o' I stood n frendl" relatons. -s deat+ ens)ed after a
s+ort llness1 and as I seldo' +ad an o$$ort)nt" of 2stn& +'1 I 3ne8
not+n& of +s llness nor of +s deat+. On t+e da" of +s deat+ I 8ent to bed
at nne o5cloc31 tred 8t+ t+e labo)rs 8+c+ '" calln& as a far'er de'ands
of 'e. -ere I ')st obser2e t+at '" det s of a fr)&al 3ndG beer and 8ne
are rare t+n&s n '" +o)se1 and 8ater1 as )s)al1 +ad been '" drn3 t+at
n&+t. Ben& of a 2er" +ealt+" constt)ton1 I fell aslee$ as soon as I la"
do8n. In '" drea' I +eard t+e deceased call o)t 8t+ a lo)d 2oce1 Bo"1
'a3e +aste and &2e 'e '" boots.9 T+s a8o3e 'e1 and I notced t+at1 for
t+e sa3e of o)r c+ld1 '" 8fe +ad left t+e l&+t b)rnn&. I $ondered 8t+
$leas)re o2er '" drea'1 t+n3n& n '" 'nd +o8 6qnsc+er1 8+o 8as a
&oodCnat)red1 +)'oro)s 'an1 8o)ld la)&+ 8+en I told +' of t+s drea'.
(tll t+n3n& on t1 I +ear 6qnsc+er5s 2oce scoldn& o)tsde1 D)st )nder '"
8ndo8. I st )$ n '" bed at once and lsten1 b)t cannot )nderstand +s
8ords. 6+at can t+e bre8er 8antW I t+o)&+t1 and I 3no8 for certan t+at I
8as ')c+ 2e#ed 8t+ +'1 t+at +e s+o)ld 'a3e a dst)rbance n t+e n&+t1
as I felt con2nced t+at +s affars '&+t s)rel" +a2e 8ated tll t+e 'orro8.
()ddenl" +e co'es nto t+e roo' fro' be+nd t+e lnen $ress1 ste$s 8t+
lon& strdes $ast t+e bed of '" 8fe and t+e c+ld5s bedG 8ldl" &estc)latn&
8t+ +s ar's all t+e t'e1 as +s +abt 8as1 +e called o)t1 6+at do "o) sa"
to t+s1 -err Obera't'annW T+s afternoon at f2e o5cloc3 I +a2e ded.9
(tartled b" t+s nfor'aton1 I e#cla'1 O+1 t+at s not tr)eZ9 -e re$ledJ
Tr)l"1 as I tell "o)G and 8+at do "o) t+n3W T+e" 8ant to b)r" 'e alread"
on T)esda" afternoon at t8o o5cloc319 accent)atn& +s assertons all t+e
8+le b" +s &estc)latons. ,)rn& t+s lon& s$eec+ of '" 2stor I
e#a'ned '"self as to 8+et+er I 8as reall" a8a3e and not drea'n&.
I as3ed '"selfJ Is t+s a +all)cnatonW Is '" 'nd n f)ll $ossesson of
ts fac)ltesW Yes1 t+ere s t+e l&+t1 t+ere t+e D)&1 t+s s t+e 'rror1 and t+s
t+e bre8erG and I ca'e to t+e concl)sonJ I a' a8a3e. T+en t+e t+o)&+t
occ)rred to 'e1 6+at 8ll '" 8fe t+n3 f s+e a8a3es and sees t+e bre8er
n o)r bedroo'W In t+s fear of +er 8a3n& )$ I t)rn ro)nd to '" 8fe1 and
to '" &reat relef I see fro' +er face1 8+c+ s t)rned to8ards 'e1 t+at s+e
s stll aslee$G b)t s+e loo3s 2er" $ale. I sa" to t+e bre8er1 -err 6qnsc+er1
8e +i,JIJ- 8ll s$ea3 softl"1 so t+at '" 8fe 'a" not 8a3e )$1 t 8o)ld be
2er" dsa&reeable to +er to fnd "o) +ere.9 To 8+c+ 6qnsc+er ans8ered n
a lo8er and cal'er toneJ ,on5t be afrad1 I 8ll do no +ar' to "o)r 8fe.9
T+n&s do +a$$en ndeed for 8+c+ 8e fnd no e#$lanatonI t+o)&+t to
'"self1 and sad to 6qnsc+erJ If t+s be tr)e1 t+at "o) +a2e ded1 I a'
sncerel" sorr" for tG I 8ll loo3 after "o)r c+ldren.9 6qnsc+er ste$$ed
to8ards 'e1 stretc+ed o)t +s ar's and 'o2ed +s l$s as t+o)&+ +e 8o)ld
e'brace 'eG t+erefore I sad n a t+reatenn& tone1 and loo3n& steadfastl" at
+' 8t+ fro8nn& bro8J ,on5t co'e so near1 t s dsa&reeable to 'e19 and
lfted '" r&+t ar' to 8ard +' off1 b)t before '" ar' reac+ed +' t+e
a$$arton +ad 2ans+ed. /" frst loo3 8as to '" 8fe to see f s+e 8ere stll
aslee$. (+e 8as. I &ot )$ and loo3ed at '" 8atc+1 t 8as se2en 'n)tes $ast
t8el2e. /" 8fe 8o3e )$ and as3ed 'eJ To 8+o' dd "o) s$ea3 so lo)d
D)st no8W9 -a2e "o) )nderstood an"t+n&W9 I sad. !o19 s+e ans8ered1
and 8ent to slee$ a&an.
I '$art t+s e#$erence to t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+1 n t+e
belef t+at t 'a" ser2e as a ne8 $roof for t+e real e#stence of tele$at+". I
')st f)rt+er re'ar3 t+at t+e bre8er had ded t+at afternoon at f2e o5cloc31
and 8as b)red on t+e follo8n& T)esda" at t8o.6t+ &reat res$ect1
R%RL ,IG!O6ITY
(Landed Pro$retor).
T+e )s)al t'e for b)ral n Ger'an"1 adds 4rS)len (c+neller1 s t+ree
da"s after deat+. T+s t'e 'a" be $rolon&ed1 +o8e2er1 on a$$lcaton.
T+ere are no s$ecal hours f#ed.
In con2ersaton 4rS)len (. descrbed +er brot+erCnCla8 as a 'an of
stron& $ractcal sense and of e#tre'el" act2e +abts.
6e +a2e rece2ed t+e (terbe)r3)nde9 fro' t+e (tandesbea'te9
(e&s')nd1 Rres (a&an1 certf"n& t+at Rarl 6qnsc+er ded (at)rda"1
(e$te'ber *?t+1 *AAA1 at <.;> P./.1 and 8as b)red T)esda"1 (e$te'ber
*At+1 *AAA1 at . P./.
-err ,&no8t" 8rtes a&an1 7an)ar" *At+1 *A@>J
4ra) 6qnsc+er told 'e t+at t+e t'e of t+e b)ral 8as settled n t+e
deat+Croo' ''edatel" after 6qnsc+er5s deat+1 beca)se relatons at a
dstance +ad to be s)''oned b" tele&ra'. 6qnsc+er +ad s)ffered fro'
nfla''aton of t+e l)n&s1 8+c+ ended n s$as' of t+e +eart. ,)rn& +s
llness +s t+o)&+ts +ad been ')c+ occ)$ed 8t+ 'e1 and +e often
8ondered 8+at I s+o)ld sa" f I 3ne8 +o8 ll +e 8as.
4nall"1 4ra) ,&no8t" (born (c+neller) 8rtes fro' Pa)se1 7an)ar"
*At+1 *A@>J
I confr' t+at '" +)sband told 'e on t+e 'ornn& of (e$te'ber *Bt+1
*AAA1 t+at t+e bre8er 6qnsc+er +ad &2en +' nt'aton of +s deat+.
+(9 F . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *.;. T+e acco)nt 8as sent
to ,r. -od&son b" /r. %. E. ,olbear1 Professor of P+"scs n T)fts Colle&e1
/ass.
T:4T( COLLEGE1 /%((.1 Apri **th, *A@?.
,R. R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1YPer+a$s I +a2e told "o) before t+at
I +a2e +ad a &reat 'an" s)c+ or +all)cnatons1 b)t I a' re'nded of one
8+c+ +i,JIK- +a$$ened last s)''er. I 8as a lect)rer at Greenacre1 /e.1
8+ere /ss 4ar'er1 da)&+ter of t+e late electrcan1 /oses G.1 +ad a
s)''er +otel1 and 'an" of t+e $ro'nent occ)lt fol3s of t+e co)ntr"
&at+ered. I sto$$ed for t+e n&+t at t+e +o)se of /ss 4ar'ert+e old
+o'estead. ,)rn& t+e n&+t I drea'ed t+at /r. 4ar'er 8as n t+e roo' and
tal3ed 8t+ 'e1 t+o)&+ I co)ldn5t see +'. I sad to +'1 -o8 s+all I 3no8
t s "o)1 and not so'e one elseW9 -e re$led1 I5ll s+o8 "o) '" +andG9 so
+s left +and 8as e#tended to 'e1 and I too3 +old of t. It 8as 2er" cold1 and
'ade 'e so s+)dder t+at I 8as at once a8a3ened. I fo)nd '"self )neas"1
and t)rned o2er n bed to ease '" )nco'fortableness. ,rectl" I sle$t a&an
and drea'ed o2er t+e sa'e occ)rrenceG 8+en 4ar'er s+o8ed +s +and1 I
as3ed +' +o8 I s+o)ld 3no8 t to be +s +and. -e re$led1 I5ll 'o2e '"
fn&ers so19 and +e stra&+tened o)t +s frst and t+rd fn&ers1 8+le t+e
second and fo)rt+ 8ere bent n a 2er" )nco''on 8a". I can5t 'o2e '"
fn&ers n s)c+ $ostons 8t+o)t t+e ad of t+e ot+er +and. %fter t+at t+e
sUance9 ended1 and I for&ot all abo)t t1 tll ne#t 'ornn& at brea3fast 8t+
/ss 4. I c+anced to recall t1 and told +er I +ad drea'ed of +er fat+er1 and I
related t+e abo2e to +erG 8+en I ca'e to t+e fn&er b)sness s+e dro$$ed +er
for31 and 8t+ ')c+ earnestness sad1 T+at 8as one of +s tricBs. -e co)ld
&et t+e fn&ers of +s left +and nto )nco''on $ostons1 and for t+e
a')se'ent of 2stors and nt'ate acE)antances 8o)ld do t.9 I ne2er
3ne8 +e +ad an" s)c+ trc31 so I 8as s)r$rsed. I recorded t+e abo2e facts
t+e sa'e da". T+ose 8+o' I told1 and es$ecall" /ss 4.1 8+o 8ere
s$rt)alsts1 see'ed s)re I +ad +ad a 2st fro' /r. 4ar'er.Y
%. E. ,OLBE%R.
T:4T( COLLEGE1 /%((.1 Apri *Ath1 *A@?.
,R. R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1I +ad 'et /r. 4ar'er t8o or t+ree
t'es. 6as not nt'atel" acE)anted1 and +a2e no recollecton of e2er
seen& +' do an" 3nd of a trc31 or ndeed t+at +e co)ld do an". Eac+ t'e
8+en I dd 'eet +' t 8as on electrcal b)sness1 and I 3ne8 not+n& abo)t
+' socall". It does not see' $robable to 'e t+at I e2er sa8 +' t8st +s
fn&ers n an" 8a".Y
%. E. ,OLBE%R.
/ss 4ar'er 8rtes as follo8s to Professor 6lla' 7a'es n
corroboraton of Professor ,olbear5s state'entJ
ELIOT1 /%I!E1 1une *?th, *A@B.
Y/" fat+er +ad &reat re&ard for +s frend (Prof. ,olbear)1 and res$ect
for +s 2al)able contrb)tons to scence. %fter readn& +s boo31 2atter,
8ther, and 2otion, +e sad1 I 8o)ld l3e to tal3 8t+ ,olbear and tell +'
so'e of t+e e#$erences t+at +a2e co'e to )s snce 'ot+er 8ent1 and see
8+at +e 8o)ld sa" to t+e'.9YCallers co'n& n1 t+e s)bDect 8as dro$$ed.
In *A@< Professor ,olbear 3ndl" consented to beco'e one of t+e
s$ea3ers at Greenacre. T+e nn ben& f)ll1 I too3 +' to Btters8eet1 and +e
occ)$ed t+e lbrar" c+a'ber. In co)rse of con2ersaton t+e ne#t 'ornn&1
+e sad1 I +ad a stran&e drea' last n&+tI drea'ed of "o)r fat+er.9 T+at
dd not see' stran&e1 as +e +ad loo3ed at +s lfeCsNed $ortrat before
retrn&. I as3ed abo)t t+e drea'1 and +e sad +e drea'ed +e +eard +s 2oce1
and 8as told t 8as '" fat+er. -e as3ed +o8 +e s+o)ld 3no8 t 8as +e. T+e
re$l" 8as1 I 8ll s+o8 "o) '" left +and and ar'19 and +e dd so t8ce. T+e
$rofessor stll E)estoned1 -o8 s+all I 3no8 t s "o)r +and and ar' rat+er
t+an so'e one +i,JIL- else5sW9 T+e re$l" 8as1 I 8ll s+o8 "o) a trc3 8t+
'" fn&ers19 and t+en t+e $rofessor descrbed and tred to 'tate t1 b)t
co)ld not. I 8as d)'b 8t+ astons+'ent1 and t+en sad1 6+"1 $rofessor1
t+at 8as a fa2o)rte trc3 of '" fat+er5s. 6+en trc3s 8ere $erfor'ed1 +e
8o)ld sa"1 H6+o can do t+sWI and t+en1 8t+o)t )sn& t+e r&+t1 8o)ld bend
t+e Donts and t8st t+e fn&ers of t+e left +and n a 8a" t+at I ne2er sa8
'tated.9 T+at to 'e 8as a $ost2e $roof of '" fat+er5s dentt"G t 8as l3e
+'+e l3ed a Do3e. -e lon&ed to be able to s+are 8t+ +s frends t+e
con2cton of tr)t+ 8+c+ +ad co'e to +'. -e 3ne8 t+at 8t+ Professor
,olbear no $roof 8o)ld be con2ncn& )nless of t+e 'ost )nE)e c+aracter.
T+e $rofessor sad +e 8as 8a3ened and la" for a t'e t+n3n& of tG t+en
fell aslee$ and drea'ed t+e sa'e t+n& a&an. -e 8as ')c+ $leased 8t+
'" corroboraton of t+e crc)'stance1 and sad +e 8o)ld 8lln&l" tra2el
s#t" 'les for an e#$erence l3e t+at. In *A@? +e ca'e to Greenacre a
second t'e1 and at dnner 8t+ Re2. E. P. Po8ell1 of Clnton1 !e8 Yor31 n
s$ea3n& of '" fat+er1 )sed t+ese 8ords1 I tal3ed 8t+ +' last s)''er.9
Rno8n& t+at '" fat+er +ad $assed o)t n *A@;1 /r. Po8ell 8as '"stfed1
and I sad1 Professor1 /r. Po8ell does not )nderstand +o8 t+at can be1 "o)
s+o)ld e#$lan "o)rself.9 -e t+en related +s drea'. I lstened caref)ll"1 and
noted t+at t+e stor" 8as D)st as +e +ad &2en t t+e "ear before.
I o'tted one crc)'stance of *A@<. Co'n& fro' t+e tent after t+e
lect)re1 I 'et ,r. 7. L. /. 6lls1 '" fat+er5s $+"scan1 and a 2er"
ntell&ent 'an. I $resented +' to Professor ,olbear1 and t+en sad1 ,o
"o) re'e'ber1 doctor1 of an" s$ecal trc3 t+at '" fat+er co)ld do 8t+ +s
+andsW9 -e ans8ered1 !o1 I do not 3no8 of an" e#ce$t t+s.9 -e t+en $)t
)$ +s e$t +and1 and tr"n& to cross +s fn&ers1 sad1 I can5t do tG I ne2er
sa8 an"bod" else 8+o co)ld.9Y
(%R%- 7. 4%R/ER.
+i,JIM-
APPENDICES
TO
CHAPTER V
,09 A . T+e follo8n& crtcs' of t+e (al$OtrPre (c+ool s ta3en fro'
an artcle b" ,r. 7. /lne Bra'8ell on 6+at s -"$nots'W9 n t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .>?K.>@.
CharcotQs Theory, or that o$ the SapXtri=re Schoo.
%ccordn& to t+s sc+ool1 +"$noss s an artfcall" $rod)ced 'orbd
condton1 c+aractersed b" certan c+e'cal c+an&es n t+e secretonsa
ne)ross onl" to be fo)nd n t+e +"stercal. 6o'en are 'ore easl"
+"$notsed t+an 'enG c+ldren and old $eo$le are al'ost entrel"
ns)sce$tble.
-"$noss can be $rod)ced b" $)rel" $+"scal 'eans1 s)c+ as $ress)re
on certan re&ons of t+e bod"G and a $erson can be +"$notsed1 as t 8ere1
)n3no8n to +'self.
T+e +"$notc $+eno'ena are d2ded nto t+ree dfferent sta&es1 8+c+
)s)all" a$$ear n re&)lar seE)ence. T+ese are nd)ced and ter'nated b"
certan defnte $+"scal st')l.
-"$nots' +as so far not $ro2ed of ')c+ t+era$e)tc 2al)e.
T+ere s dan&er of $ro2o3n& +"stera n tr"n& to nd)ce +"$noss.
T+ere s a dfference bet8een s)&&eston n nor'al lfe and n +"$noss.
T+e for'er s a $+"solo&cal $+eno'enon1 t+e latter a $at+olo&cal one.
()&&estblt" does not constt)te +"$noss1 t s onl" one of ts s"'$to's.
T+ere does not e#st a sn&le case n 8+c+ a so'na'b)le +as acted
cr'nall" )nder t+e nfl)ence of s)&&eston.
T+s t+eor" +as been stron&l" attac3ed1 c+efl" b" t+e +"$notc
obser2ers 8+o belon& to 8+at s ter'ed t+e !anc" (c+ool. To co''ence
8t+1 t+e" $ont o)t t+e ns)ffcenc" of t+e data )$on 8+c+ t+e t+eor" +as
been fo)nded1 and cte t+e confesson of ts o8n s)$$orters t+at onl" a
doNen cases of tr)e +"$noss +a2e occ)rred n t+e (al$OtrPre n ten "ears1
and t+at a 2er" lar&e $ro$orton of t+e e#$er'ents 8ere cond)cted on one
s)bDect1 8+o +ad lon& been an n'ate of t+at +os$tal. On t+e ot+er +and1
t+e" call attenton to t+e e#tended nat)re of t+er o8n obser2atons and to
t+e fact t+at t+er concl)sons are dra8n fro' t+e st)d" of 'an" t+o)sand
cases.
(s 'ypnosis a 2orbid Condition #hich can ony be (nduced in
the 'ysterica?
T+s E)eston ')st1 I t+n31 be ans8ered n t+e ne&at2e. /oll1 n
reference to C+arcot5s ar&)'ent t+at +"$nots' and +"stera are dentcal1
beca)se t+e +i,JIN- c+e'cal c+aracter of certan secretons s s'lar n
bot+1 $onted o)t t+at C+arcot5s s)bDects all s)ffered fro' +"steraG and t+at1
as t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ c+aracterse 8a3n& lfe are readl" nd)ced n
+"$noss1 C+arcot easl" created a co'$lete t"$e of +"stera b" s)&&eston It
8o)ld be eE)all" eas" to s)&&est sta''ern& n +"$noss1 b)t one 8o)ld
not be D)stfed1 t+erefore1 n c+aractersn& +"$noss as a condton of
sta''ern&.
%&an1 as t+e follo8n& statstcs s+o81 f t+e +"stercal alone can be
+"$notsed1 o2er @> $er cent1 of 'an3nd a$$arentl" s)ffer fro' +"stera.
(o'e "ears a&o Bern+e' +ad alread" atte'$ted to +"$notse *>1>>>
+os$tal $atents 8t+ o2er @> $er cent1 of s)ccesses1 8+le 6etterstrand
recentl" re$orted B?>> cases 8t+ *>? fal)res. (c+renc3C!otNn& n +s
4rst Internatonal (tatstcs1 $)bls+ed n *A@.1 &a2e A=>? cases b" *?
obser2ers n dfferent co)ntres1 8t+ B $er cent1 of fal)res. /r. -)&+
6n&feld1 8+en ,e'onstrator of P+"solo&" at Ca'brd&e1 atte'$ted to
+"$notse o2er *=> 'en1 all of 8+o'1 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of *A1 8ere
)nder&rad)ates. In abo)t A> $er cent1 +"$noss 8as nd)ced at t+e frst
atte'$tG b)t as no second tral 8as e2er 'ade 8t+ t+e )ns)ccessf)l cases1
t+ese res)lts )ndo)btedl" )nderstate t+e s)sce$tblt". ((ee &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *@A.) /ost of t+e )nder&rad)ates 8o)ld be dra8n fro'
o)r $)blc sc+ools1 and1 f t+ese do not al8a"s t)rn o)t &ood sc+olars1 t+e"
cannot at least be acc)sed of $rod)cn& +"stercal n2alds. Brad stated t+at
t+e ner2o)s and +"stercal 8ere t+e 'ost dffc)lt to +"$notse1 8+le
LUbea)lt fo)nd solders and salors $artc)larl" eas" to nfl)ence.
Gross'ann1 of Berln1 recentl" asserted t+at +ardC+eaded !ort+ Ger'ans
8ere 2er" s)sce$tble1 and I obser2ed t+at +ealt+" Yor3s+re far' labo)rers
'ade re'ar3abl" &ood s)bDects. Professor 4orel told 'e t+at +e +ad
+"$notsed nearl" all +s as"l)' 8ardersG t+at +e selected t+ese +'self1 and
certanl" dd not c+oose t+e' fro' t+e ran3s of t+e +"stercal. In for'er
t'es Esdale5s $atents 8ere stated to be +"stercal. In re$l" to t+s1 +e sad1
I cannot $ossbl" see +o8 +"stera +as &ot nto '" +os$tals1 8+ere I ne2er
sa8 t beforecooles and felons not ben& at all ner2o)s s)bDects.Y %s
nat)ral +"stera 'a" be s)$$osed to be 'ore $o8erf)l t+an 'taton1 I s+all
loo3 8t+ '$atence for t+e anno)nce'ent n t+e 2orning &ost t+at /rs.
4rea3e +as been c)red of +er ner2o)s +eadac+es b" t+e s3lf)l a$$lcaton of
+"stera1 and t+at Lad" Tantr)' +as +ad +er ar' c)t off 8+le n a ft of
+"stercs1 8t+o)t 3no8n& t. T+ese s+o)ld be eas" feats for o)r
fas+onable $+"scans and s)r&eons1 as t+e" +a2e t+e dsease and antdote
read" 'ade to t+er +ands1 8+ereas t costs 'e and '" assstants &reat
tro)ble to 'a3e t+e cooles and $rsoners of Ben&al +"stercal to t+e de&ree
necessar" to render t+e' nsensble to t+e loss of t+er 'e'bers.9
T+ese and s'lar facts a$$arentl" D)stf" t+e state'ents of 4orel and
/oll t+at t s not t+e +ealt+" b)t t+e +"stercal 8+o are t+e 'ost dffc)lt to
+"$notse. %ccordn& to t+e for'er1 e2er" 'entall" +ealt+" 'an s
nat)rall" +"$notsableG9 8+le t+e latter sa"s1 If 8e ta3e a $at+olo&cal
condton of t+e or&ans' as necessar" for +"$noss1 8e s+all be obl&ed to
concl)de t+at nearl" e2er"bod" s not E)te r&+t n t+e +ead. T+e 'entall"
)nso)nd1 $artc)larl" dots1 are ')c+ 'ore dffc)lt to +"$notse t+an t+e
+ealt+". Intell&ent $eo$le1 and t+ose 8t+ stron& 8lls1 are 'ore easl"
+"$notsable t+an t+e d)ll1 t+e st)$d1 or t+e 8ea3C8lled.9
Are Domen more Susceptibe than 2en?
%ll obser2ers1 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of t+ose of t+e (al$OtrPre (c+ool1
a&ree n statn& t+at se# +as lttle or no nfl)ence )$on t+e s)sce$tblt" to
+"$noss. +i,JIO- %ccordn& to LUbea)lt1 t+e dfference bet8een t+e se#es
s rat+er less t+an * $er cent. T+e 'aDort" of Esdale5s s)bDects 8ere 'en1
and1 as 8e +a2e seen1 /r. 6n&feld 8as able to +"$notse abo)t (o $er
cent1 of t+e Ca'brd&e )nder&rad)ates at t+e frst atte'$t.
Are Chidren and <d &eope (nsusceptibe?
6etterstrand fo)nd t+at all c+ldren fro' t+ree or fo)r to ffteen "ears of
a&e co)ld be nfl)enced 8t+o)t e#ce$ton. ,r. BUrllon1 o)t of .?> cases n
c+ldren1 +"$notsed A> $er cent1 at t+e frst atte'$t. LUbea)lt also fo)nd
c+ldren $ec)larl" s)sce$tble1 and one of +s statstcal tables records *>>
$er cent1 of s)ccesses )$ to t+e a&e of fo)rteen. In ad)lt lfe a&e a$$arentl"
'a3es lttle dfference. In t+e sa'e table 8e fnd t+at fro' t+e a&es of
fo)rteen to t8ent"Cone t+e fal)res 8ere abo)t *> $er cent.1 and fro' s#t"C
t+ree "ears and )$8ards abo)t *; $er cent.
Can 'ypnosis be (nduced by 2echanica 2eans aone?
T+s E)eston s ans8ered b" t+e !anc" (c+ool n t+e ne&at2e1 and '"
o8n e#$erence a&rees 8t+ t+s. I 3no8 of no sn&le nstance 8+ere
+"$noss +as follo8ed t+e e'$lo"'ent of 'ec+ancal 'eans1 8+en 'ental
nfl)ences +a2e been caref)ll" e#cl)ded1 and t+e s)bDects +a2e been
absol)tel" &norant of 8+at 8as e#$ected of t+e'. !o one 8as e2er
+"$notsed b" loo3n& at a lar3C'rror )ntl ,r. L)"s +ad borro8ed t+s l)re
fro' t+e brdCcatc+ers and n2ested t 8t+ +"$notc $o8er. On t+e ot+er
+and1 an" $+"scal 'et+od 8ll s)cceed 8t+ a s)sce$tble s)bDect 8+o
3no8s 8+at s e#$ected of +'.
Are 'ypnotic &henomena divided into three *istinct Stages?
T+e sta&es descrbed b" t+e (al$OtrPre (c+ool1 as arsn& fro' defnte
$+"scal st')l1 +a2e ne2er been notced b" ot+er obser2ers. %'on&st t+e
'an" +)ndred +"$notsed s)bDects I +a2e seen1 none +a2e res$onded to t+e
'an$)latons 8+c+ $rod)ced s)c+ str3n& $+eno'ena at t+e (al$OtrPre.
On t+e ot+er +and1 I and 'an" ot+ers +a2e fo)nd t+at 8e co)ld easl" e2o3e
t+ese sta&es b" 2erbal s)&&eston1 and tran t+e $atents to 'anfest t+e' at
an" &2en s&nal. T+e condton1 +o8e2er1 8as al8a"s an artfcal one.
(s 'ypnotism o$ .itte Therapeutic Caue?
On t+e one +and1 8e +a2e t+e ne&at2e e2dence of a fe8 cases obser2ed
at t+e (al$OtrPre1 8+ere e#$er'ent1 not c)re1 see'ed t+e 'an end. On t+e
ot+er1 t+e $ost2e e2dence1 dra8n fro' 'an" t+o)sands of cases1 8+ere
+"$nots' +as been s)ccessf)ll" e'$lo"ed for t+e relef or c)re of dsease.
(s 'ypnotism *angerous?
T+e (al$OtrPre (c+ool ans8er t+s n t+e affr'at2e1 assertn& t+at
+"stercal s"'$to's +a2e so'et'es a$$eared after t+e atte'$ted nd)cton
of +"$noss. T+at s)c+ $+eno'ena s+o)ld occ)r 8t+ t+e' s not s)r$rsn&1
8+en one consders t+e nat)re of t+e s)bDects and t+er s)rro)ndn&s1 and
t+e 2olent and startln& 'et+ods so'et'es resorted to. T+e sl&+t accdents
8+c+ t+e" record +a2e not occ)rred n ot+er and 'ore e#$erenced +ands.
Professor 4orel sa"sJLUbea)lt1 Bern+e'1 6etterstrand1 2an Eeden1 de
7on&1 /oll1 I '"self1 and t+e ot+er follo8ers of t+e !anc" (c+ool1 declare
cate&orcall" t+at1 alt+o)&+ 8e +a2e seen 'an" t+o)sands of +"$notsed
$ersons1 +i,JJP- 8e +a2e ne2er obser2ed a sn&le case of 'ental or bodl"
+ar' ca)sed b" +"$noss1 b)t1 on t+e contrar"1 +a2e seen 'an" cases of
llness rele2ed or c)red b" t.9 T+s state'ent I can f)ll" endorse1 as I +a2e
ne2er seen an )n$leasant s"'$to'1 e2en of t+e 'ost tr2al nat)re1 follo8
t+e s3lled nd)cton of +"$noss.
(ee also an '$ortant $a$er b" ,r. Bra'8ell1 relatn& c+efl" to t+e
t+era$e)tc 2al)e of +"$nots'1 and enttled -"$nots'J % Re$l" to
Recent Crtcs's19 n )rain, Part l###2. (($rn&1 *A@@)1 $. *<*.
,1( A . It +as been 'antaned b" Rfat (see 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
*AAA1 $. .@=) t+at d)rn& t+e $rocess of narcotsaton1 8+et+er b"
c+lorofor'1 c+loral1 'or$+a1 or an" ot+er narcotc1 t+ere s a $erod n
8+c+ t+e $atent s as s)&&estble as f +e 8ere n t+e +"$notc state. T+s
asserton s re$eated b" -errero1 of Valladold (7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
7an)ar" *A@>1 $. *@?). T+e s)&&estble $erod n c+lorofor'c slee$ s1
+o8e2er1 2er" s+ort1 )nless t+e c+lorofor'saton s b)t sl&+t. In one case
-errero fo)nd t+at f2e or s# n+alatons of t+e narcotc s)ffced to $)t t+e
s)bDect nto a so'na'b)lc state 8+c+ lasted as lon& as +e 8s+ed. T+s
s)bDect +ad been refractor" )ntl t+en to ordnar" 'et+ods of +"$notsatonG
b)t t+e s)&&eston no8 &2en t+at n f)t)re s'$le f#aton of t+e attenton
8o)ld s)ffce to $rod)ce slee$1 8as obe"ed. % s'lar res)lt 8as obtaned
n t+ree ot+er cases of refractor" s)bDects. Yet anot+er case1 n 8+c+ t+e
resstance to s)&&ested slee$ 8as 2ol)ntar" and ntentonal1 deser2es 'ore
detaled notce1 as t t+ro8s so'e l&+t on t+e $robable nat)re of t+s 'et+od
of nd)cn& so'na'b)ls'. It s t+e case of a lad" 8+o loo3ed )$on
+"$nots' as a 8or3 of t+e de2l1 and 8+ose obDecton to t+s t+era$e)tc
'eans +ad t+e stren&t+ of a 'ono'ana. -errero $ro$osed c+lorofor' as
t+e onl" re'ed" $ossblebreat+n& not a 8ord 'ore of +"$nots'. 4fteen
&ra's of c+lorofor' 8ere s)ffcent to nd)ce1 n less t+an f2e 'n)tes1 t+e
s)&&estble $erod of t+e anFst+etc slee$. T+e ne#t da" onl" t+ree &ra's
8ere neededG and on t+e follo8n& da"1 t+e n+alator1 e'$t" of c+lorofor'1
and a$$led to t+e nostrls1 $rod)ced t+e reE)ste effect. %fter t+e fo)rt+
da" t+e $atent ac3no8led&ed +er 'sta3e1 and allo8ed -errero to
+"$notse +er 8t+o)t t+e s)$erfl)o)s a$$arat)s. T+e c+lorofor' tself +ad
+ere a$$arentl" acted less as a dr)& t+an as a s)&&eston.
,1( B . Co'$are 8t+ t+s last case t+ose re$orted b" ,r. %)&)ste
Vosn (7evue de Q'ypnotisme, October *A@*1 $$. **<K*B). -e +as obtaned
+"$notc slee$ n cases of ac)te 'ana and obsesson b" 'eans of sl&+t
c+lorofor'saton. Patents (+e sa"s) 8+o t+ro8 t+e'sel2es 2olentl" abo)t
and str)&&le and screa'1 fall after a fe8 seconds nto a dee$ slee$1 and
ans8er '" E)estons and '" orders n a s)bd)ed tone. T+s s)dden cal'
after t+e stor' s a 2er" '$ress2e s&+t. % fe8 dro$s of c+lorofor' are
s)ffcent to brn& t+s abo)t. (t cannot be said that choro$ormic seep has
been induced. /oreo2er1 t+s slee$ 'a" last se2eral da"s1 and s)&&eston
'a" $)t an end to t. :nder t+e sa'e condtons t +i,JJG- +as been $ossble
to obtan +"$notc slee$G t s dentcal 8t+ t+e ot+er1 and lasts as lon& as I
l3e.9 Vosn5s concl)son s t+at t+e narcotc d'ns+es t+e a&taton of t+e
'anac1 or lo8ers t+e ntenst" of t+e obsesson1 t+)s $er'ttn& t+e $atent
to f# +s attenton )$on t+e dea of slee$.
(ee also (c+renc3C!otNn&J *ie )edeutung narcotischer 2itte $Rr den
'ypnotismus (*A@*). -e reco''ends t+e )se of narcotcs n e#tre'e casesG
and t+n3s t+at t+e +"$noss nd)ced b" 'eans of a narcotc s dee$er t+an
t+at 8+c+ ordnar" +"$notc 'et+ods a$$led for t+e frst t'e &enerall"
$rod)ce.
,1( C . T+e follo8n& s a so'e8+at s'lar case of selfCs)&&eston
8+ere t+e s)&&estblt" 8as a$$arentl" +e&+tened )nder t+e nfl)ence of
o$)'1 8+c+ at t+e sa'e t'e de2elo$ed a 'ontor" +all)cnaton. T+e
narrator s ,r. ,. 7. Parsons1 and t+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' t+e &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <.=.
(#teen "ears a&o I 8as a lttle sc3G too3 +alf a &ran of o$)'1 and la"
do8n )$on t+e bed. (oon as I be&an to feel t+e tranE)llsn& effect of t+e
o$)'1 I sa8 t+ree 'en a$$roac+n& 'eG t+e one n front sadJ Yo) s'o3e
too ')c+ tobacco.9 I re$ledJ I 3no8 I do.9 -e t+en sadJ 6+" don5t "o)
E)t tW9 I ans8ered b" sa"n&J I +a2e been t+n3n& abo)t t1 b)t I a'
afrad I can5t.9 -e e#tended +s r&+t ar'1 and1 $lacn& +s forefn&er 2er"
near '" face1 &a2e t a fe8 2er" s&nfcant s+a3es1 sad1 n a 2er"
'$ress2e and e'$+atc 'annerJ Yo) 8ll ne2er 8ant to )se tobacco an"
'ore as lon& as "o) l2e.9 -e contn)ed1 b" sa"n&J Yo) s8ear
so'et'es.9 I ans8eredJ Yes.9 -e sadJ 6ll "o) $ro'se to E)tW9 I
ntended to sa" "es1 b)t D)st as I 8as abo)t to )tter t+e 8ord "es1 nstantl" a
c+an&e ca'e o2er 'e1 and I felt l3e I +ad been +eld )nder so'e )n3no8n
nfl)ence1 8+c+ 8as s)ddenl" 8t+dra8n or e#+a)sted. I +ad been a
constant s'o3er for 'ore t+an t8ent" "ears.
(nce t+e occ)rrence of t+e abo2e ncdent1 I +a2e not to)c+ed tobaccoG
+a2e felt e2er snce l3e t 8o)ld $oson 'e1 and I no8 feel l3e one dra8 at
t+e $$e 8o)ld 3ll 'e nstantl". /" desre for tobacco 8as s)ddenl" and
effect)all" torn o)t b" t+e roots1 b)t $er+a$s I s+all ne2er 3no8 D)st +o8 t
8as done.
,. 7. P%R(O!(1 /.,.
(6EET (PRI!G(1 /O.
,13 A . ,r. Bra'8ell descrbes t+e dfferences bet8een t+e soCcalled
+"$noss n an'als and tr)e +"$noss n +)'an ben&s n +s artcle 6+at
s -"$nots'W9 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .*;1 as follo8sJ
/r. LErnestM -art bele2es t+at an'als1 s)c+ as &)neaC$&s1 rabbts1
fro&s1 brds1 cra"fs+1 and e2en "o)n& all&ators can be +"$notsed b"
'et+ods s'lar to t+ose e'$lo"ed 8t+ t+e +)'an s)bDect1 and t+at t+e"
$resent l3e $+eno'ena. T+e onl" ar&)'ent n fa2o)r of t+s s dra8n fro'
t+e fact t+at t+ese an'als1 after certan $+"scal st')l +a2e been a$$led
to t+e'1 $resent t+e $+eno'enon of catale$s". Is t+s catale$s" n2arabl" a
&en)ne oneW I a' nclned to t+n3 t+at n 'an" nstances t s a consco)s
s')laton of deat+1 ado$ted b" t+e an'al fro' t+e nstnct2e 3no8led&e
of t+e fact t+at certan brds and beasts of $re"1 e#ce$t )nder $ress)re of
e#tre'e +)n&er1 8ll not +i,JJH- attac3 8+at s dead. If1 for e#a'$le1 "o)
t)rn a beetle o2er on ts bac3 t 8ll re'an 'otonless and a$$arentl"
catale$tc1 8t+ ts le&s stc3n& r&dl" n t+e ar. T+e 'o'ent "o) t)rn
a8a"1 +o8e2er1 t scra'bles to ts feet and res)'es ts Do)rne". -ere deat+
or catale$s" 8as n all $robablt" onl" s+a''ed1 and do)btless t+e nsect
8as 3eenl" 8atc+n& "o)r e2er" 'o2e'ent and an#o)sl" 8atn& for "o)r
de$art)re. %&an1 catale$s" s onl" one1 and a co'$arat2el" )n'$ortant1
$+eno'enon of +"$noss. One of t+e 'an c+aracterstcs of t+e +"$notc
state s t+e ra$dt" 8t+ 8+c+ one $+eno'enon can be c+an&ed nto ts
o$$oste. -a2e 8e an" e2dence of t+s n t+e soCcalled +"$noss of
an'alsW I t+n3 not. %&an1 s t lo&cal to concl)de s'lart" of ca)se fro'
dentt" of effectW In order to nd)ce +"$notc catale$s" n t+e +)'an
s)bDect1 a clear dea of t+e s)&&ested act s necessar". 6+at e2dence +a2e
8e for concl)dn& t+at a cra"fs+ beco'es catale$tc fro' a clear dea t+at
t+e o$erator +as s)&&ested t+s condtonW It s $ossble t+at n so'e
nstances t+e $+eno'enon s &en)ne1 and t+en1 accordn& to Pre"er1 t+e
condton s one of $aral"ss res)ltn& fro' fr&+t. !o8 fear s not necessar"
for t+e nd)cton of +"$nossG and1 before concl)dn& t+at t+e condton s a
+"$notc one1 t 8o)ld be 8se to e#cl)de t+s factor fro' t+e eE)aton. To
do t+s e#$er'entall" 8o)ld not be dffc)ltG t 8o)ld onl" be necessar" to
&et rd of t+e ds$ro$orton bet8een t+e sNe and stren&t+ of t+e o$erator and
t+e an'al1 a ds$ro$orton 8+c+1 n t+e e#$er'ents referred to1 +as
al8a"s e#sted n fa2o)r of t+e +"$notser. Instead of a "o)n& all&ator1 let
one of &reater a&e and lar&er &ro8t+ be c+osen and t+e e#$er'ent re$eated.
I a' nclned to t+n3 t+at n s)c+ a case t+e rbles 8o)ld be re2ersed1 t+e
o$erator 8o)ld beco'e catale$tc1 and t+e s)bDect )nco''onl" and
dsa&reeabl" 'oble.
(ee also 6. Pre"er1 *ie Catape0ie und der thierische 'ypnotismus.
%lso a $a$er b" ,r. 7. !. Lan&le" On t+e P+"solo&cal %s$ect of
/es'ers'19 read before t+e Ro"al Instt)ton1 /arc+ *<1 *AA<G and
Ver8orn5s *ie sogenannte 'ypnose der Tiere.
,13 B . It )sed to be cla'ed b" t+e 'es'ersts t+at t+e $ossblt" of
affectn& an'als 'es'ercall" afforded a cr)cal test of t+e realt" of t+e
'es'erc effl)ence1 snce effects on an'als co)ld not be $)t do8n to t+e
$o8er of t+er 'a&naton. T+e 2aro)s $+eno'ena obtaned1 +o8e2er1 do
not see' reall" all to belon& to t+e sa'e cate&or". T+)s t+e co'atose
condton $rod)ced n s$arro8s1 n sa2a&e do&s1 n a "o)n& bear1 n a
f)ro)s b)ll (Soist, 2ol. 2. $$. *?B1 .@=K@@)1 b" t+e f#ed &aNe of t+e
'es'erst or b" +s $asses1 8as no do)bt analo&o)s to t+e fascnaton9
e#ercsed b" sna3es on t+er $re"1 or b" t&ers on +)'an ben&s (Soist, 2ol.
#. $$. =K@)1 and s eE)2alent to t+e catale$s" descrbed b" ,r. Bra'8ell.
On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e soCcalled 'es'erc c)res9 of an'als re$orted
n t+e Soist see' to +a2e been &enerall" effected b" so'et+n& l3e
massage. T+)s n t+e once celebrated case of -arret /artnea)5s co8
(Soist, 2ol. 2. $. ;>*)1 8+c+ +ad been &2en )$ as nc)rable b" t+e co8
doctor1 relef 8as obtaned b" $asses alon& t+e s$ne and across t+e c+est.
T8o c)res of loc3CDa8 n +orses b" s'lar 'eans are re$ortedone b" /r.
-. (. T+o'$sonn t+e Soist, 2ol. #. $$. <@K?*1 t+e $asses ben& 'ade
dal" for so'e +o)rs1 and t+e reco2er" ben& &rad)al.
+i,JJI-
T8o ot+er cases of t+e c)re of nfla''aton n +orses1 re$orted b" /r.
T+o'$son (op. cit., 2ol. 2. $. ;>>)1 8ere ')c+ 'ore str3n&1 n t+at t+e
$asses 8ere 'ade #ithout contact, and t+e effect 8as $rod)ced 2er"
ra$dl". In t+e frst case $asses 8ere 'ade for +alfCanC+o)r o2er t+e nD)red
or&ant+e e"eat a dstance of a fe8 nc+es1 and t+e nfla''aton 8as
consderabl" abated.9 In t+e second case t+e nD)r" 8as n t+e le&1 and
$asses 'ade for +alfCanC+o)r at t+e dstance of abo)t an nc+ fro' t
red)ced t+e nfla''aton consderabl".
(ee also so'e c)ro)s recent acco)nts of t+e c)re of 8arts n +orses and
co8s b" c+ar'n&19 $rnted n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. *>>.
,13 C . (o'e e#$er'ents on "o)n& c+ldren1 des&ned to test t+e realt"
of t+e alle&ed 'es'erc effl)ence1 8ere carred o)t b" ,r. LUbea)lt1 as
descrbed n t+e c+a$ter on Voo'a&nets'9 n +s Th;rapeutique
Suggestive, *A@* ($$. .<BKBA). -a2n& +eard n *AA. fro' a 'es'ersta
/. Lon&$retNt+at +e +ad c)red a n)'ber of 'alades n c+ldren less t+an
.m "ears old b" 'erel" la"n& +s +ands on t+e' for a fe8 'n)tes 'ornn&
and e2enn&1 LUbea)lt tred t+e $lan on +s o8n "o)n& $atents 8t+ t+e
'ost satsfactor" res)lts. T+e c+ldren 8ere so'et'es aslee$ at t+e t'eG n
an" case t+e" s+o8ed none of t+e )s)al s"'$to's of +"$noss1 and &a2e no
ndcaton of )nderstandn& +s re'edal ntentons. 4ro' t+ese res)lts +e
'antaned n +s ]tude sur e Soomagn;tisme (*AA;) t+e $robable e#stence
of a ner2o)s ener&"1 trans'ssble fro' one +)'an ben& to anot+er1 t+e
essental c+aracterstc of 8+c+ 8as ts c)rat2e $o8er.
In re$l" to t+s $a$er1 ,r. Bern+e' ar&)ed t+at t+e ntell&ence1
co'$re+enson1 and 8ll of nfants are ')c+ 'ore de2elo$ed t+an s
ordnarl" s)$$osed1 and t+at t+e" $robabl" are accessble to 'ental
nfl)ence. LUbea)lt +'self +ad been nclned to attrb)te t+e effects +e +ad
fo)nd fro' t+e )se of 'es'ersed 8ater9 to so'e for' of s)&&eston1
snce1l3e +"$nots'1 and )nl3e t+era$e)tc re'edes1t+e sa'e
re'edal a&ent 8as )sed for 'an" dfferent 'alades. -e t+erefore carred
o)t a fres+ seres of control e#$er'ents1 )sn& ordnar" )n'es'ersed
s$rn& 8ater1 co'bned 8t+ s)&&eston1 as a 'eans of c)re.
-e $laced a bottle of 8ater n f)ll 2e8 n t+e roo' 8+ere +e rece2ed
+s $atents. %fter e#a'nn& t+e nfants bro)&+t to +'1 +e $onted o)t t+e
bottle to t+er 'ot+ers1 anno)ncn& t+at +e +ad t+ere a $otent re'ed" 8+c+
8o)ld certanl" c)re t+e'. -e too3 care to 3ee$ t+e' n t+e roo' so'e
t'e1 so as to '$ress t+e dea stron&l" on t+e c+ldren and t+er $arents1 and
create a &eneral at'os$+ere of fat+ n t+e re'ed". ,etals are &2en of
t8ent"Cs# cases of c+ldren 8t+ 2aro)s nfantle 'alades1 2ar"n& n a&e
fro' *@ da"s to .` "ears1 e#ce$t one of f2e "ears oldG n t+ese cases t+ere
8ere nneteen c)res1 s# a'eloratons1 and one fal)re. In se2eral cases
$re2o)s treat'ent of t+e ordnar" 'edcal 3nd +ad faled to &2e relef. In
fo)r of t+e nneteen s)ccessf)l cases +e +i,JJJ- +ad added t+e 'et+od of
la"n& on of +ands to t+e )se of t+e 8ater1 and n t+ree cases of catarr+al
o$+t+al'a t+e 8ater +ad been )sed to bat+e t+e e"elds as 8ell as ta3en
nternall"1 so t+at t+e &eneral s)&&est2e effect '&+t be renforced b" t+e
local s)&&eston.
T+ese res)lts led ,r. LUbea)lt to abandon +s $ro2sonal belef n t+e
'es'erc effl)ence1 and to concl)de t+at n all t+e cases +e +ad st)ded
s)&&eston alone 8as at 8or3. T+e e#$er'ents not onl" $ro2ed t+e $otenc"
of 'ental nfl)ence1 e2en n a nonC+"$notsed condton1 b)t alsob"
e#+btn& t+s nfl)ence n acton at a sta&e a$$arentl" so r)d'entar"
s+o8ed +o8 earl" t+e ntell&ence of nfants s de2elo$ed.
,1) A . ,r. 6. B. 4a+nestoc3, n Statuvoism, or Arti$icia
Somnambuism (C+ca&o1 *A=*)1 'antaned ($. ==)1 T+at t+s state 8as a
$ec)lar one 5somnus a vountate6 Yand 8as entered b" t+e s)bDect at
$leas)re. T+at t 8as a state nto 8+c+ an" $erson co)ld t+ro8 t+e'sel2es
and a8a3en t+e'sel2es1 et+er n $art o r t+e 8+ole bod" at once1 slo8l" or
ot+er8se1 nde$endent of an" one else1 or s)bDect to an" one5s control.9 (P.
=A)1 I +a2e +ad o2er t+ree +)ndred dfferent nd2d)als to enter t+s state
)nder '" care1 and +a2e fo)nd b" nn)'erable e#$er'ents t+at t+e" are
entrel" nde$endent of 'e.Y T+e" can t+ro8 t+e 8+ole or an" $art of t+e
bod" nto t+s state at $leas)re.Y I +a2e +ad t+e' to t+ro8 n a sn&le
fn&er1 a +and1 an ar'1 t+e 8+ole bran1 or e2en a sn&le or&an (or $orton)1
and a8a3e t+e' at $leas)re.Y I +a2e +ad 'an" to fall nto t+s slee$and
so'e 8+o 8ere see'n&l" deter'ned not to do sob" s'$l" statn& t+at
at a certan t'e I 8o)ld 'a&netse all n t+e roo'1 alt+o)&+ I 8as t+n3n&
of ot+er t+n&s1 and dd not+n& b)t 8al3 )$ and do8n.9
(ee also a case recorded b" ,elbQ)f (7evue de Q'ypnotisme, /a"
*AA@1 $. ;;@)1 8+ere a s)fferer fro' toot+ac+e1 an&r" at t+e dentst5s ref)sal
to +"$notse +er for a trfln& o$eraton1 sends +erself off9 tr)'$+antl" n
+s c+ar1 and el)des +s t8n&es n s$te of +'.
,1) B . ,r. /lne Bra'8ell +as often ta)&+t s)bDects to +"$notse
t+e'sel2es 8t+o)t +s nter2enton. T+e follo8n& state'ent s fro' +s
$a$er on 6+at s -"$nots'W9 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$.
.<>K<*J
(o'e s# "ears a&o I co''enced to nstr)ct $atents to +"$notse
t+e'sel2es. T+s 8as done b" s)&&estn& n +"$noss t+at t+e" s+o)ld be
able to rend)ce t+e state at a &2en s&nal1 as for e#a'$le1 b" co)ntn&
One1 t8o1 t+ree.9 T+ese s)bDects co)ld after8ards e2o3e t+e condton at
8ll. I also fo)nd t+at t+e )se of s)&&eston d)rn& +"$noss 8as not
necessar" for t+e nd)cton of ts $+eno'ena. On t+e contrar"1 t+e
s)&&estons co)ld be 'ade eE)all" 8ell before+and n t+e 8a3n& state. T+e
s)bDect 8as able to s)&&est to +'self 8+en +"$noss s+o)ld a$$ear and
ter'nate1 and also t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ +e 8s+ed to obtan d)rn& and
after t. T+s trann& 8as at frst a l'ted oneG t+e $atents1 for e#a'$le1
8ere nstr)cted +o8 to &et slee$ at n&+t or relef fro' $an. T+e" dd not1
+o8e2er1 al8a"s confne t+e'sel2es +i,JJK- to '" s)&&estons1 b)t
or&nated ot+ers1 and 8del" 2ar"n& ones1 re&ardn& t+er +ealt+1 co'fort1
or 8or3. (o'e1 traned n t+s 8a" s# "ears a&o1 stll retan t+e $o8er of
+"$notsn& t+e'sel2es.
It s tr)e t+at t+e sa'e a)t+or declares (oc. cit., $. .>.) t+at +e +as ne2er
'et 8t+ an nstance n 8+c+ a s)bDect +ad s)cceeded n +"$notsn&
+'self1 8t+o)t +a2n& $re2o)sl" been +"$notsed b" ot+ers1 and
4a+nestoc3 also la"s stress )$on t+e $ractcal ad2sablt" of $rel'nar"
trann&J B" obser2n& caref)ll" t+e nstr)ctons 8+c+ I +a2e &2en1 t s
$ossble for an" $erson to t+ro8 t+e'sel2es nto t+s state at $leas)re1
nde$endent of an" oneG b)t t '&+t not al8a"s be $r)dent to do so for t+e
$irst time9 B)t +e nssts t+at t+e o$erator9 or nstr)ctor9 s 'erel" )sef)l1
not essental1 n t+e $rod)cton of t+e state.9 (o of +s catale$tc $atent
Estelle1 ,r. ,es$ne 8rtes t+at d)rn& t+e t+rd $erod of +er c)re at %#C
lesCBans1 s+e 8as able to brn& abo)t t+e crise +erself b" 'eans of
$ormues magn;tiques. In l3e 'anner s+e co)ld 'a3e t cease1 and at 8ll
s+e co)ld dee$en or l&+ten +er slee$. (<bservations de 2;decine &ratique,
$$. B*K..) ,r. 6n&feld5s e#$er'ents E)oted belo8 confr' t+ese res)lts.
,1) C . Professor 4orel1 n :n cas d5%)toC+"$notsaton9 (7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, /arc+ *AA@)1 records t+at +e +as +'self been se2eral t'es
n a catale$tod state1 8+c+n +s o8n 2e8s clearl" d)e to selfC
s)&&eston. -e 8as able to o$en +s e"es and to sl&+tl" 'o2e one ar' or
+s +eadG b)t 'ore e#tended 'o2e'ents re'aned for so'e t'e '$ossble
n s$te of all +s efforts. -e +ad t+e &reatest dffc)lt" n ro)sn& +'self
fro' t+s state. T+ere 8as no anFst+esa n t. (o'et'es stran&e
+all)cnatons occ)rred1 and t 8as dffc)lt to dstn&)s+ bet8een realt"
and ll)son1 es$ecall" 8t+ re&ard to t+e so)nd of footste$s.
,1) D . 4ro' a $a$er on T+e Connecton of +"$nots' 8t+ t+e
()bDect2e P+eno'ena of ($rt)als'19 b" ,r. -)&+ 6n&feld1 n t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .=@ et seq.
T+e facts of selfCs)&&eston add)ced n t+s $a$er 8ere not1 I 8o)ld
e#$ressl" state1 t+e s)bDect of a seres of e#$er'ents. T+e cases occ)rred
E)te )ne#$ectedl" d)rn& a seres of e#$er'ents on ot+er $ontsG b)t
o8n& to t+e $ossble dan&er of s)c+ $+eno'ena f carred too far1 I dd not
feel D)stfed n atte'$tn& to 8or3 o)t t+e s)bDect. -ence t+e c+an of
e#$er'ents s necessarl" 2er" nco'$lete. T+e e#$er'ents add)ced 8ere
all 'ade on s)bDects n t+e 8a3n& state. /)sc)lar r&dt"1 t+o)&+ t+e 'ost
&eneral for' of $+eno'enon $rod)ced b" selfCs)&&eston1 8as not b" an"
'eans t+e onl" one 'et 8t+. In+bton of 2ol)ntar" 'o2e'ents1 local
anFst+esa1 e2en del)sons 8ere $rod)ced b" t n so'e cases. !o s)bDect1
+o8e2er1 n 8+o' I co)ld $rod)ce del)sons 8as allo8ed to e#$er'ent on
+'self1 as t 8as consdered )nsafe1 so t+at t+e 'ost nterestn& feld of
e#$er'ent n t+s drecton +ad to be left )nto)c+ed. %ll t+e s)bDects
referred to 8ere 'en bet8een t+e a&es of e&+teen and t8ent"Cfo)r1 and all
+ealt+". In no case1 e#ce$t 8+en s$ecall" 'entoned1 +ad t+e +"$notc
slee$ e2er been nd)ced1 b)t 'erel" 8a3n& $+eno'ena1 e.g. +i,JJL-
s)sce$tblt" to n+btor" and '$erat2e s)&&estons1 ')sc)lar r&dt"1
and1 n so'e cases1 local anFst+esa.
6e 8ll frst ta3e t+e case of ')sc)lar r&dt" and anFst+esa.
!.1 b" 'eans of stro3n& +s ar' and loo3n& at t1 co)ld render t r&d.
-e co)ld not do so1 +o8e2er1 f )nable to see +s ar'.
4. co)ld 'a3e +s ar' r&d b" stro3n& onl"G t+s +e co)ld do 8+et+er
+e co)ld see +s ar' or not.
4. co)ld also 'a3e +s ar' r&d b" 'erel" loo3n& at t.
E. co)ld 'a3e +s ar' r&d b" an effort of 'nd 8t+o)t seen& t or
stro3n& t.
In all cases t+e" 8ere able at once to re'o2e t+e r&dt" b" re2erse
stro3es. T+ese nstances ser2e to s+o8 +o8 t+e de&ree n 8+c+ s)bDects
$ossess t+s $o8er 2ares.
4. 8+en +e rendered +s ar' r&d also 'ade t anFst+etcG t+e
anFst+esa 8as re'o2ed at t+e sa'e t'e as t+e r&dt".
In !. (8+o +ad after8ards been sent to slee$)1 I s)cceeded e2ent)all" n
$rod)cn& anFst+esa. -e co)ld t+en do t +'self.
T+e case of E. 8as 2er" str3n&J +s $o8er of $rod)cn& ')sc)lar
r&dt" 8as astons+n&. -e 8as able b" an effort of 'nd to t+ro8 +s
8+ole bod" nto a state of catale$tc r&dt"1 so t+at +e co)ld rest 8t+ +s
+eels on one c+ar and +ead on anot+er1 and re'an s)$$orted n t+at
condton. 6+en +e 'ade +s +and r&d and atte'$ted to rela# t a&an b"
an effort of 8ll1 +e 8as )nable to do so as lon& as +e atte'$ted to bend +s
+and. If1 +o8e2er1 +e dd not atte'$t to bend t1 +e 8as able &rad)all" to
rela# t+e ')scles. T+ose 8+o co)ld $rod)ce r&dt" of t+e ar' and 8+o
tred to $rod)ce r&dt" of t+e le& 8ere1 at an" rate n 'ost nstances1
s)ccessf)l. :nfort)natel"1 t+e notes 8+c+ 8ere 'ade at t+e t'e of t+e
e#$er'ents on t+s $ont 8ere 'slad1 so I cannot &2e t+e $ercenta&e of
s)ccesses.
Ot+er $+eno'ena of t+e 8a3n& state 8ere also $rod)ced b" selfC
s)&&eston. T. and L. co)ld bot+ close t+er o8n e"es so t+at t+e" 8ere
)nable to o$en t+e'. T. )sed to s+)t +s e"es and stro3e t+e lds do8n8ards.
-e 8as t+en )nable to o$en t+e'. (e2eral ot+er s)bDects s+o8ed t+e sa'e
$+eno'enon. T. co)ld f# +s +and to t+e table b" a fe8 $assesG t+s also
8as done b" se2eral ot+ers.
Ot+er s)bDects co)ld f# t+er +ands to&et+er. T+e follo8n& e#$er'ent
8as tredJ 42e s)bDects 8ere ta3en1 t8o of 8+o' +ad been $re2o)sl"
+"$notsedG none +ad been sent to slee$. T+e" 8ere as3ed to $)t t+er +ands
to&et+er1 and 'a&ne t+at t+e" co)ld not $art t+e'. T+e" closed t+er e"es1
$)t t+er +ands to&et+er1 and tred. One co)ld not $art +s +ands1 t+e ot+ers
co)ld. T+e" 8ere t+en told to s+)t t+er e"es and 'a&ne t+e o$erator
&aNn& at t+e'1 and sa"n&1 Yo) cannot $art "o)r +ands.9 !ot one 8as able
to do so. T+e" 8ere able after t+s to $rod)ce t+e sa'e $+eno'ena n
t+e'sel2es1 E)te a$art fro' t+e o$erator1 n t+er o8n roo's. T+e" fo)nd at
frst t+at t+e" 8ere obl&ed to 'a&ne t+e o$erator &2n& t+e s)&&eston1
b)t after8ards 8ere able to do t 8t+o)t 'a&nn& +' at all.
T.1 8+o 8as one of t+e f2e1 $resents one nterestn& feat)re. -e &a2e )$
e#$er'entn& 8t+ +'self 2er" soon after t+s. I dd not see +' a&an for
nearl" t+ree 'ont+s1 and t+en as3ed +' to close +s e"es as +e )sed to. -e
tred1 b)t co)ld not. I t+en closed +s e"es '"self so t+at +e co)ld not o$en
t+e'. -e t+en fo)nd t+at +e co)ld close t+e' +'self.
T+e case of G.1 8+o co)ld f# +s +ands to&et+er1 close +s o8n e"es1
&c.1 +i,JJM- 8as also nterestn& as s+o8n& t+at s)&&estons &2en to t+e
s)bDect b" +'self 'a" act 'ore $o8erf)ll" t+an t+ose &2en +' b" t+e
o$erator. I co)ld onl" f# +s +ands to&et+er 8t+ so'e dffc)lt"1 and t+en
not for lon&. -e co)ld do so +'self for a consderable t'e1 and t+e
')sc)lar $o8er e#erted to 3ee$ t+e' to&et+er1 f an atte'$t 8as 'ade b"
so'e one else to $art t+e'1 8as far &reater f +e f#ed t+e' to&et+er +'self
t+an f I dd so for +'1 and certanl" far &reater t+an +e co)ld e#ert b" +s
o8n 8ll.
T+e case of P. 8ll ser2e to s+o8 t+at t s not onl" t+e +"$notc s)bDect
8+o s s)sce$tble to selfCs)&&eston. P. +ad ne2er been +"$notsed1 or e2en
tred b" an" one. -e 8as able to f# +s +and on +s 3nee b" s'$l" stro3n&
t1 and t too3 +' abo)t +alf a 'n)te or so to &et t off a&an f +e s'$l"
tred to do so. If1 +o8e2er1 +e 'ade )$8ard stro3es +e 8as able at once to
re'o2e t. I after8ards tred to +"$notse +' and faled. ,o)btless +ad I
&one on lon& eno)&+ I '&+t +a2e s)cceeded1 b)t +e 8as ob2o)sl" not a
&ood s)bDect.
%s re&ards del)sons I can onl" &2e one nstance. ,o)btless 'an"
s)bDects co)ld $rod)ce t+e' n t+e'sel2es f t+e" tred1 b)t I +a2e ne2er
allo8ed t+e' to do so. In t+e case of C.1 +o8e2er1 8e +a2e $roof t+at t+e"
can be $rod)ced b" selfCs)&&eston. -e co)ld b" a s'$le effort of 'nd
'a3e +'self bele2e al'ost an" del)son1 e.g. t+at +e 8as rdn& on
+orsebac31 t+at +e 8as a do&1 or an"t+n& else1 or t+at +e sa8 sna3es1 &c. If
left to +'self t+e del)son 2ans+ed slo8l". %n" one else co)ld re'o2e t at
once b" a co)nterCs)&&eston. -e 'ade t+ese e#$er'ents 8t+o)t '"
consent1 as I consder t+e' )nsafe.
L4)rt+er e#$er'ents recorded n t+e sa'e $a$er de'onstrate t+e
nfl)ence of selfCs)&&eston n a)to'atc 8rtn& and tranceC)tterance.M
,(( A . T+e artfcal c+aracter of C+arcot5s t+ree sta&es9 of +"$nots'
s 8ell s+o8n b" t+e f)rt+er de2elo$'ent of one of +s best 3no8n s)bDects
n t+e +ands of ,r. 7)les 7anetbrot+er of Professor Perre 7anet and
ne$+e8 of Professor Pa)l 7anetas descrbed n a $a$er contrb)ted b" +'
to t+e 7evue Scienti$ique, /a" *@t+1 *AAA1 )nder t+e ttle L5-"stUre et
l5-"$nots'e1 d5a$rPs la T+Uore de la do)ble PersonnaltU19 8+c+ I
s)''arse as follo8sJ
Blanc+e 6tt'ann s one of t+e best 3no8n $ersonaltesor &ro)$s of
$ersonaltesn Pars. % +"steroCe$le$tc of t+e 'ost $rono)nced t"$e1
s+e +as ne2er been able for lon& to&et+er to 'eet t+e stresses of ordnar"
lfe. (+e +as lon& been an n'ate of t+e (al$OtrPreG and +as often been
e#+bted t+ere as t+e t"$eI 'a" al'ost sa" t+e $rotot"$eof t+e
celebrated t+ree sta&es9 of let+ar&"1 catale$s"1 and so'na'b)ls'1 of
8+c+ s+e realsed e2er" c+aracterstc detal 8t+ 'ar2ello)s $recson.
%rr2ed at so'na'b)ls'1 +er state co)ld be no f)rt+er c+an&ed b" t+e
2aro)s 'eans e'$lo"ed1closn& or o$enn& t+e e"es1 r)bbn& t+e to$ of
t+e +ead1 startln& 8t+ l&+ts or so)nds1 &c.and s+e 8as led bac3 to
8a3n& lfe t+ro)&+ t+e sta&es n n2erse order.
In all +er states s+e 8as 8t+o)t feeln& of contact1 feeln& of $oston1
or feeln& of $an. 6+en +er e"es 8ere closed (n t+e 8a3n& state) s+e
co)ld not stand )$r&+t1 nor close +er +ands co'$letel"1 nor +old a +ea2"
obDect. (+e co)ld not +ear 8t+ t+e left ear1 nor see colo)rs 8t+ t+e left e"e1
8+ose 2s)al feld1 'oreo2er1 8as &reatl" restrcted.
()c+ 8as +er condton 8+en s+e ca'e )nder ,r. ,)'ont$aller5s
c+ar&e at anot+er +os$tal1t+e -btel ,e)1and 8as +"$notsed b" /.
7)les 7anet. +i,JJN- (+e $assed as )s)al t+ro)&+ t+e t+ree classcal9 sta&es.
B)t /. 7anet1 nstead of o$enn& t+e s)bDect5s e"es n t+e let+ar&c sta&e
t+e re&)lar 'et+od for nd)cn& t+e catale$tc sta&econtn)ed to 'a3e
$asses1 and $resentl" fo)nd t+at s+e $assed nto an absol)tel" nert state1
t+e dee$ state9 of G)rne"5s e#$er'ents (see belo81 ,(( B)1 n 8+c+ no
')sc)lar contracton co)ld be obtaned b" $ress)re1 nor dd o$enn& of t+e
e"es nd)ce catale$s". %fter so'e f)rt+er $asses t+e s)bDect rea8a3ened
nto 8+at see'ed at frst s&+t s'$l" a 'ore alert so'na'b)ls' t+an e2er
before.
B)t on e#a'nn& t+s ne8 condton t 8as fo)nd t+at Blanc+e 6tt'an
8as no8 $erfectl" $ossessed of t+e senses of to)c+1ca$able of $erce2n&
contact1 $oston1 +eat1 and $an. (+e co)ld no8 close +er +ands $erfectl"1
and co'$ress t+e d"na'o'eter 8t+ nor'al $o8er. (+e +eard $erfectl"
8t+ +er left ear1 $re2o)sl" deaf1 and sa8 nor'all" 8t+ bot+ e"es. It 8as
no lon&er $ossble to ns$re n +er an" +all)cnaton.
In t+s second state1 Blanc+e .9 +ad a f)ll re'e'brance of t+e lfe of
Blanc+e *19 8+le Blanc+e * 3ne8 not+n& of Blanc+e .. B)t 8+en t+e
s)bDect 8as n +er frst or ordnar" so'na'b)ls'1 +er 'e'or" e#tended
o2er t+e f)ll"Cde2elo$ed state of Blanc+e .1 so t+at 8e 'a" consder t+e
t+ree classcal sta&es9 as nco'$lete 'anfestatons of Blanc+e .1 8+o +ad
ne2er tll no8 been able to co'e f)ll" to t+e front.
4)rt+er'ore1 t 8as not dffc)lt to s+o8 t+at Blanc+e . reall" e#sted
t+ro)&+o)t t+e 8+ole lfe of Blanc+e *. If colo)rs 8ere s+o8n to Blanc+e *
(8t+ +er r&+t e"e blnded) and s+e faled to dstn&)s+ t+e'1 Blanc+e .
ne2ert+eless sa8 t+e' $erfectl"1 8t+ t+e sa'e e"e and at t+e sa'e
'o'ent1 and1 8+en s)''oned1 co)ld descrbe 8+at s+e +ad seen. Or f
Blanc+e * 8ere $nc+ed or $rc3ed1 to de'onstrate +er nsensblt"1
Blanc+e . felt e2er"t+n&1 and1 8+en s)''oned1 be&an to co'$lan. It s
stran&e to reflect for +o8 'an" "ears t+e d)'bl"Cra&n& Blanc+e . +as t+)s
asssted at e#$er'ents to 8+c+ Blanc+e * s)b'tted 8t+ eas"
co'$lasance.
Blanc+e . co)ld also re'e'ber 8+at +ad +a$$ened d)rn& t+e
c+lorofor'ed condton1 and co)ld reco)nt ordnar" drea's of 8+c+
Blanc+e * +ad no 3no8led&e.
On t+e 8+ole1 t+en1 8e 'a" sa" t+at Blanc+e . re$resents1 not1 ndeed1
t+e compete $ersonalt"1 for t+at s ne2er re$resented b" an" state of an" of
)s1 b)t at least a $rett" co'$lete &ro)$ or coCordnaton of t+e 2aro)s
ele'ents 8+c+ &o to 'a3e )$ a nor'al +)'an ben&. Blanc+e *1 on t+e
ot+er +and1 s scantl" s)$$led 8t+ t+ese ele'entsG s+e +as onl" D)st
eno)&+ to &et on 8t+1 na'el"1 'otlt"1 s$eec+1 2son of one e"e1 and
+earn& of one ear. Blanc+e . adds to t+ese 2son of t+e ot+er e"e1 +earn&
of t+e ot+er ear1 and &eneral and ')sc)lar sensblt".
/. 7anet tells 'e t+at +e +as 3e$t Blanc+e 6tt'an for 'ont+s to&et+er
n +er second state1 8t+ ')c+ co'fort to +erG and t+at no81 t+o)&+ +e +as
ceased to attend +er1 +e )nderstands t+at +er condton n t+e frst state s
')c+ better t+an of old.
,(( B . T+e follo8n& are e#tracts1 sl&+tl" abrd&ed1 fro' a $a$er b"
Ed')nd G)rne" on T+e (ta&es of -"$nots'9 n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
. $$. B* et seq.
Before t+e +"$notsed s)bDect reac+es t+e $rofo)nd slee$ n 8+c+ +s
'ental condton s a 'ere blan31 t+ere le before +' t8o1 and onl" t8o1 +i,
JJO- 'ar3edl" dstnct states or sta&es1 eac+ of 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 'a"
$resent 8t+n tself a 2er" lar&e a'o)nt of 2aret". 6e 'a" con2enentl"
des&nate t+e' as t+e aert state or sta&e and t+e deep state or sta&e.
T+e aert state s t+at n 8+c+ a s)bDect9 s 8+en after +"$notsaton
and t+e )s)al n2ol)ntar" clos)re of +s e"es1 t+e stran on +s e"elds s
released b" a fe8 to)c+es and 8ords1 and +e s restored to 8+at 'a" loo3
E)te l3e +s nat)ral 8a3n& condton. (o'et'es1 t s tr)e1 t+e dfference
s 2er" 'ar3ed1 and +e 8ll st 8t+ a 2acant ar1 rres$ons2e to e2er" 2oce
e#ce$t t+at of t+e o$erator1 and clearl" not n $ossesson of +s ordnar"
fac)ltes. -e 'a" be 'ade to $erfor' 'tat2e actons and to obe"
co''ands n a 'ec+ancal 8a"G b)t +s consco)sness 'a" be at a 2er" lo8
ebb1 or (as so'e +a2e +eld) 'a" +a2e la$sed alto&et+er. B)t n an" case t+e
s)bDect5s9 e"es 8ll be o$en and ca$able of seen&G and +e 8ll (al'ost
n2arabl") $ro2e senst2e to $an f +e be $nc+ed or $rc3ed. Often +e 8ll
be fo)nd to con2erse 8t+ $erfect co'$re+enson1 'e'or"1 and e2en
+)'o)r.
B)t t+o)&+ $erfectl" ca$able of s)stann& a con2ersaton1 +e does not
originate re'ar3s. If not s$o3en to +e 8ll st E)et1 and f s'$l" as3ed
8+at +e s t+n3n& abo)t1 +e 8ll al'ost al8a"s ans8er !ot+n&.9 T+e
essental dfference bet8een t+s condton and t+e 8a3n& one les n t8o
possibiities attac+n& to t1 et+er of 8+c+ de'ands a$$ro$rate treat'ent
to beco'e a realt". In t+e frst $lace1 f t+e s)bDect9 be left co'$letel" to
+'self1 +e 8ll ra$dl" sn3 nto t+e deeper state1 and t+ence nto +"$notc
slee$1 n et+er of 8+c+ +e 8ll $ro2e nsenst2e to an" 'oderate a'o)nt
of tort)re. T+e $assa&e nto t+ese dee$er condtons1 t s+o)ld be obser2ed1
s often so ra$d t+at t+e fact of t+er ben& reac+ed through the aert stage
'a" be 8+oll" )nnotced.
T+e aert state s c+aractersed1 n t+e second $lace1 b" t+e $ossblt" of
obtann&1 8+le t lasts1 certan s$ecal $+eno'ena of an act2e sort. T+e
s)bDect9 can be 'ade to do1 and to contn)e don&1 an" acton 8+c+ t+e
o$erator co''ands1 alt+o)&+ +e 'a" be $erfectl" consco)s of 'a3n& a
fool of +'self1 and 'a" stron&l" desre to resst t+e co''and. -e can also
be $)t )nder t+e nfl)ence of del)sons.
Passn& no8 to t+e deep sta&e1 8e fnd t+at t+s n t)rn s lable to be
confo)nded 8t+ a cont&)o)s condton1 na'el"1 t+e &en)ne +"$notc
slee$ nto 8+c+ t tends to 'er&e. It rese'bles t+at condton n t+e fact t+at
t+e e"elds are closedG t+at1 f one of t+e' be forcbl" rased1 t+e e"eball s
fo)nd to be rolled )$8ardsG n t+e &eneral nsensblt" to $an and to
ordnar" 'odes of st')laton. %nd t+ere e#sts +ere $recsel" t+e sa'e
c+ance as 8e noted n t+e for'er case1 t+at t+e $artc)lar sta&e 8ll esca$e
detecton. If t+e s)bDect9 be left to +'self1 +e 8ll +a2e no o$$ort)nt" to
'anfest ts c+aracterstcs1 b)t1 $assn& ra$dl" t+ro)&+ t+e $erod d)rn&
8+c+ t+ese '&+t be e2o3ed1 8ll soon lose consco)sness and
nd2d)alt" n $rofo)nd sl)'ber. 6t+ so'e s)bDects19 'oreo2er1 t+e
n2ason of 'ental tor$or s so ra$d t+at t '&+t be +ard to f# and retan
t+e' n t+e &en)ne dee$ sta&e1 e2en f t+e $ro$er 'eans 8ere ado$ted. B)t
'an" ot+ers1 f ta3en n t'e1 after t+er e"es are closed and t+e" +a2e
beco'e nsensble to $an1 b)t before slee$ +as nter2ened1 8ll $ro2e E)te
ca$able of ratonal con2ersatonG t+e" are 'entall" a8a3e1 e2en 8+en t+er
bodes are al'ost $ast 'o2e'ent1 and 8+en e2en a s'$le co''and s
obe"ed n t+e 'ost lan&)d and '$erfect 'anner. T+e state s1 +o8e2er1
+arder to s)stan at an e2en le2el t+an t+e +i,JKP- alert one1 o8n& to a
stron&er and 'ore contn)o)s tendenc" to la$se nto a dee$er condton.
LT+e 8rter &oes on to &2e 'an" nstances of 2arablt" of
c+aracterstcs n t+e t8o sta&es.M
,(3 A . In t+e $a$er D)st E)oted G)rne" 'antaned t+at t+e $+eno'ena
needed to establs+ t+e dstncton bet8een +s alert9 and dee$9 sta&es
8ere to be fo)nd n t+e do'an of memory, ')c+ of t+e alert state ben&
re'e'bered after 8a3n&1 b)t not+n& of t+e dee$ state. 6t+n t+e +"$notc
condton tself1 sa"s G)rne"J
4acts of t+e s)bDect5s9 &eneral 3no8led&e1 +s address1 b)sness1 recent
e'$lo"'ents1 and so on1 are re'e'bered e2en n t+e dee$ state.
6t+ a fa2o)rable s)bDect19 so'et+n& t+at +as +a$$ened d)rn& one of
t+e +"$notc states 8ll often rec)r to t+e 'e'or" on t+e ne#t occason
8+en t+at state s $rod)ced1 t+o)&+ n t+e nter2al of nor'alt"
a'o)ntn&1 t 'a" be1 to se2eral da"s and n&+ts8+c+ +as nter2ened
bet8een t+e t8o occasons1 t +as been co'$letel" for&otten.
T+e c+ef nterest of t+s induced $+eno'enon of alternatn& 'e'or"
les n ts rese'blance to 8+at occ)rs n spontaneous condtons1 es$ecall"
t+e s$ontaneo)s alternatons n cases of doube consciousness, 8+ere a
sn&le nd2d)al l2es n t)rn t8o (or 'ore) se$arate e#stences. T+e sa'e
alternaton of 'e'or" occ)rs 8+en a dee$ +"$notc state nter2enes
bet8een t8o alert1 or an alert bet8een t8o dee$ states. I +a2e t+en fo)nd
t+at (8t+ certan 8ellC'ar3ed e#ce$tons to be 'entoned +ereafter) t+e
deas '$ressed n t+e one sort of state are n2arabl" for&otten n t+e ot+er1
and are as n2arabl" a&an re'e'bered 8+en t+e for'er state rec)rs.
Occasonall" I +a2e s)cceeded n +ttn& a transtonal 'o'ent at 8+c+
both t+n&s 8ere re'e'beredG b)t t 8as a sort of 3nfeCed&e1 and t+e
sl&+test 'an$)laton or $a)se tendn& to dee$en t+e condton bro)&+t
abo)t t+e c)sto'ar" se$araton and obl2on of t+e t+n& told n t+e alert
state.
T+e s)bDect 8as contn)ed1 and so'e e#$er'ents ll)stratn& t 8ere
&2en n detal n a later $a$er1 )nder t+e ttle (ta&es of +"$notc /e'or"19
n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ?*? et seq., fro' 8+c+ I E)ote1 8t+
abrd&'ents1 t+e follo8n& $assa&esJ
I 'ade t+e trals 8t+ a consderable n)'ber of s)bDects19 n dfferent
$arts of En&land1 e'$lo"n& t+ree dfferent +"$notsers1 to eac+ of 8+o'
t+e res)lts 8ere as ne8 and s)r$rsn& as t+e" 8ere at frst to '"selfG t+ere
see's reason to t+n31 t+erefore1 t+at t+e res)lts are tolerabl" nor'al1 and
not d)e to an" s$ecal dos"ncrases of o$erator or s)bDect9G as t+e"
certanl" 8ere not d)e to an" &)dance1 or an" nterference 8t+ t+e free
$la" of t+e s)bDect5s9 'nd1 n t+e re'ar3s addressed to +' d)rn& t+e
$ro&ress of t+e e#$er'ent. T+e 'ode of effectn& t+e $assa&e fro' one
sta&e to anot+er +as )s)all" conssted n &entle $asses o2er t+e face1 8t+o)t
contact. It s 'ost '$ress2e to fnd t+at a fe8 noseless 'o2e'ents of one
$erson5s fn&ers1 at a s+ort dstance fro' anot+er $erson5s face1 +a2e
co'$letel" oblterated t+at 8t+ 8+c+ t+e latter5s attenton t8o or t+ree
seconds a&o 8as entrel" en&rossed1 and +a2e bro)&+t bac3 8t+n +s
'ental +orNon t+at 8+c+ no ot+er 'eans n t+e 8orldno ot+er $+"scal
o$eraton1 not t+e clearest 2erbal re'nder1 not t+e +i,JKG- fear of deat+1 nor
t+e offer of f*>>> re8ardco)ld +a2e nd)ced or enabled +' to recall.
6t+ t+e assstance of /r. G. %. ('t+ (8+o' I 8ll n f)t)re call (.)1 I
+a2e latel" 'ade a fres+ seres of e#$er'ents n +"$notc 'e'or"1 n
8+c+ so'e f)rt+er $onts +a2e been obser2edG and t 'a" 'a3e t+e 'atter
'ore ntell&ble to &2e t+e detals of a fe8 cases. T+e &reat $ont1 of
co)rse1 s to )se t+e r&+t 'eans for ascertann& 8+et+er t+e t+n& told s or
s not re'e'bered1 and to a2od re'ndn& t+e s)bDect of t.
%s I +a2e sad1 t+e r)le s to obtan t#o states or sta&es. L(o'e nstances
of t+s are &2en n t+e $a$er.M If t+e atte'$t s 'ade to carr" t+e tranceC
condton be"ond state B1 t+e effect s et+er to brn& t+e s)bDect9 nto an
a$$arentl" dee$ slee$1 n 8+c+ +e s nca$able of ans8ern&1 and $robabl"
of +earn&G or to create s)c+ a desre for slee$1 and a2erson to ben&
E)estoned1 t+at +e beco'es 'ore or less ntractable. 6t+ one s)bDect9 I
+a2e fo)nd t+at e2en t+e second sta&e1 on one or t8o occasons1 co)ld not
be obtaned. B)t t+ere are ot+er cases 8+ere t+e co)rse of t+e trance allo8s
a dstnct third sta&e of 'e'or" to 'anfest tself before )nconsco)sness
sets n. T+e follo8n& nstance 8ll 'a3e t+s clear.
In state %1 (t 8as +"$notsedG and t+e fact of +s ben& n state %
8as ascertaned b" +s re'e'bern& an ncdent $re2o)sl" told +' 8+en
n t+at statet+at a balloon +ad been seen $assn& o2er t+e Rn&5s Road
and for&ettn& t8o ncdents $re2o)sl" told +' 8+en n state B1t+at an
en&neCboler +ad b)rst at Br&+ton staton1 and t+at t8o lar&e do&s +ad been
+a2n& a f&+t n t+e 6estern Road. -e 8as no8 told t+at a fore&n fla& +ad
been seen floatn& o2er t+e Pa2lon1 and 8as t+en carred on nto state B1
8+en (. sad1 Peo$le 'a" 8ell co'$lan.9
(T. Yes.9
(. 6+"W9
(T. 6+"1 t+e n)sancet+ose do&s f&+tn& n t+e 6estern
Road.9 (T+e dea $ro$er to state B s re22ed.)
(. !o1 I 'eant abo)t t+e fla&.9
(T. 6+at fla&W T+ere are $lent" of fla&s abo)t.9 (T+e dea
$ro$er to state % s for&otten.)
(. !o1 I 'eant t+at cart r)nnn& a8a" n /ont$eler Road9a ne8
dea1 8+c+ 8ll belon& +encefort+ to t+e B class.
(T. 6+at cartW9 T+en1 scornf)ll"1 Cart r)nnn& a8a"Z It5s t+e
+orse t+at r)ns a8a".9
-e 8as t+en nfor'ed 'ore $artc)larl" t+at a +orse 8t+ a cart +ad
bolted n /ont$eler RoadG and t+e dee$enn& $asses 8ere contn)ed.
(. (o t+e" fo)nd t botto' )$8ards.9
T+ere 8as no ans8erG t+e s)bDect9 +ad la$sed nto slee$. -e 8as called
b" na'e1 and a fe8 re2erse $asses 8ere 'ade1 8+en +e 8o3e 8t+ an E+W9
(. T+e" fo)nd t botto' )$8ards.9
(T. 6+atW 6+enW9
(. % boat1 I 'ean.9 -e 8as t+en told t+at a 2er" +&+ tde +ad 8as+ed
a8a" a boat on t+e beac+G b)t t+at after a t'e t +ad drfted as+ore. T+s
dea 8as s)&&ested n 8+at $ro2ed to be a se$arate and t+rd sta&e1 C1 8+en
+e 8as on t+e 2er" 2er&e of la$sn& nto )nconsco)snessG and +e dd la$se
''edatel" after8ards. -e 8as ro)sed1 and (. sad1 T+at5s t+e effect of
not t"n& t sec)rel".9 (t5s ans8ers no8 s+o8ed t+at t+e ro)sn& +ad
carred +i,JKH- +' o2er sta&e C1 and t+at +e 8as once 'ore n sta&e B. -e
sad1 TedW T+e" ne2er te t+e'.9
(. !o 8onder t 8as 8as+ed a8a" t+en.9
(T. 6as+ed a8a"Z ,d t &o o2er t+e clffW9
(. !oG 8+at do "o) 'eanW9
(T. T+at +orse and cart "o) 8ere tal3n& abo)t.9
-ere1 t+en1 8as t+e sta&e B dea1 t+e boat of sta&e C ben& for&otten. It
re'aned to ascertan t+at 8+at I +a2e called sta&e C 8as not dentcal 8t+
sta&e %t+at t+ere +ad been a real $ro&resson be"ond sta&e B1 and not a
'ere oscllaton bet8een t+e % and B states. %ccordn&l"1 so'e re2erse
$asses 8ere 'ade1 8t+ t+e 2e8 of brn&n& t+e s)bDect nto t+e % stateG
and (. sad1 I dare sa" t 8ll &et 3noc3ed abo)t on t+e beac+.9
(T. 6+at 3noc3ed abo)tW9
(. 6+at I 8as telln& "o) abo)t.9
(T. 6+"1 +a2e t+e" ta3en t on t+e beac+ no81 t+enW9
(. It #as on t+e beac+.9
(T. 6+"1 "o) sad t 8as on t+e Pa2lon.9
(. 6+at do "o) 'eanW9
(T. T+at lar&e fla&.9
-ere1 t+en1 8as t+e sta&e % dea1 and t+e 'e'or" of t+e boat of sta&e C
$ro2ed as )nre22able as t +ad been n sta&e B. (t 8as no8 carred
do8n 8t+o)t $a)se nto t+e state of dee$ slee$t+e 'ost certan 8a" of
l&+tn& on sta&e C ben& to &o be"ond t n t+s 8a"1 and t+en to re22e t+e
s)bDect9 D)st eno)&+ to enable +' to )nderstand and ans8er. -e 8as
called b" na'e se2eral t'es1 and a fe8 re2erse $asses 8ere 'ade before +e
ans8ered1 E+W 8+atW9 (. re$led n 8ords 8+c+ 8o)ld a$$l" eE)all" to
carts or boatsG b)t1 as I e#$ected1 t+e" 8ere )nderstood as a$$l"n& to boats
t+e sta&e C dea.
(. Is t c)sto'ar" to te t+e'W9
(T. Yes.9
(. I t+o)&+t "o) sad t 8asn5t.9 (-e +ad sad before t+at t 8as not
c)sto'ar" to te carts.)
(T. O+ "esG so'et'es t+e" te t+e' to ca$stans1 so'et'es to
lar&er 2essels.9
-e 8as no8 E)estoned abo)t t+e cart1 b)t +ad no re'e'brance of tG
also abo)t t+e do& f&+t (8+c+1 t+e reader 8ll recall1 8as anot+er sta&e B
dea)1 8t+ t+e sa'e res)lt. (o'e )$8ard $asses 8ere no8 'ade1 and (.
sad1 ,d "o) sa" t+e" te t+e' to a ca$stanW9
(T. !oG t+e" t+ro8 t+e rens loose o2er t+e +orse5s bac3.9
(. % lot of $eo$le sa8 t co'n& do8n.9
(T. 6+at1 t+e +orse and cartW9
-ere s e2dentl" t+e rea$$earance of sta&e BG and $roceedn& a&an on
t+e )$8ard or l&+tenn& co)rse1 8e fo)nd t+e % dea1 t+e fla& on t+e
Pa2lon1 d)l" re'e'bered. T+s 8as on 4ebr)ar" .At+. On /arc+ .nd t+e
sa'e $rocess 8as brefl" re$eated1 and t 8as fo)nd t+at t+e s)bDect stll
re'e'bered eac+ of t+e to$cs alread" 'entoned 8+en ts a$$ro$rate sta&e
8as reac+ed1 and at t+at sta&e alone.
,(3 B . G)rne"5s e#$er'ents1 E)oted abo2e1 on sta&es of 'e'or" n t+e
+"$notc trance 8ere se2eral t'es re$eated b" /rs. (d&8c3 and +i,JKI-
/ss 7o+nson n t+e co)rse of t+er e#$er'ents on t+o)&+tCtransference
8t+ +"$notsed s)bDects at Br&+ton1 t+e +"$notser ben& a&an /r. G. %.
('t+. /ss 7o+nson nfor's 'e t+at t 8as &enerall" fo)nd $ossble to
obtan t+ree sta&esG b)t t+e 'e'ores dd not al8a"s re'an dstnct. T+)s
one s)bDect 8+o 3e$t t+e recollectons of t+e t+ree sta&es dstnct one da"1
8+en reC+"$notsed on t+e ne#t da"1 s)cceeded 8t+ so'e effort n
re'e'bern& t+e to$cs belon&n& to a three sta&es of t+e da" before1 and
t+ese recollectons $erssted t+ro)&+ t+e t+ree sta&es nd)ced on t+s da"1
alt+o)&+ t+e fres+ to$cs s)&&ested for eac+ of t+ese sta&es re'aned
dstnct. T+s $robabl" ndcates t+at t+ere s a strat)' of consco)sness n
8+c+ all t+e recollectons are retaned.
T+e 'ost nterestn& e#$er'ents1 +o8e2er1 occ)rred 8t+ anot+er
s)bDect1 T.1 8+o on one occason e#+bted eight dfferent sta&es 8t+
dstnct 'e'ores.
It ')st be )nderstood t+at t+e test of dstnctness of t+ese 'e'ores
does not consst n eac+ state'ent 'ade to t+e s)bDect ben& for&otten as
eac+ dee$er sta&e of +"$noss ($rod)ced b" do8n8ard $asses) 8as reac+ed1
8+c+ '&+t be d)e 'erel" to a &eneral for&etf)lness or nattenton1
b)t n t+e s$ontaneo)s recr)descence of eac+ 'e'or" n ts corres$ondn&
sta&e 8+en t+e o$eraton 8as re2ersed and a l&+ter and l&+ter sta&e
contn)all" $rod)ced b" )$8ard $asses.
T+e follo8n& acco)nt of t+e occason referred to s 8rtten b" /ss
7o+nson1 fro' +er notes ta3en at t+e t'e1 7)l" @t+1 *A@*. T+e onl" ot+er
$ersons $resent 8ere /rs. (d&8c31 /r. ('t+1 and T.
T. 8as +"$notsed b" /r. ('t+1 and told t+at /rs. (d&8c3 8as &on&
to tal3 to +'1/r. ('t+ 'ean8+le1 at t+e nter2als bet8een +er
state'ents1 'a3n& $asses o2er +'do8n8ards or )$8ards1 accordn& to
8+et+er t 8as desred to 'a3e t+e +"$notc state 'ore or less dee$b)t
sa"n& not+n&.
Stage A. /rs. (d&8c3 told T. t+at t+e -otel /Utro$ole +ad been b)rnt
do8n t+at afternoonG all t+e $eo$le +ad esca$ed1 b)t &reat da'a&e +ad been
done.
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage ). T. told t+at t+e coac+ 8as )$set
co'n& nto Br&+tont+e Co'etone or t8o $eo$le 8ere rat+er +)rtG t+e
+orses ran a8a"1 and t)rnn& ro)nd a corner too E)c3l" )$set t+e coac+.
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage C. Told t+at t+e E'$eror of Ger'an"
+ad to &o bac3 to Ger'an" to'orro81 on acco)nt of t+e deat+ of one of +s
relatons.
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage *. T.1 n ans8er to a E)eston 8+et+er
+e re'e'bered an"t+n&1 sad +e onl" re'e'bered t+at /r. ('t+ +ad sad
/rs. (d&8c3 8as &on& to tal3 to +'G +e co)ld not re'e'ber t+at s+e +ad
sad an"t+n&.
-e 8as t+en told t+at t+ere +ad been a ral8a" accdent on t+e Br&+ton
lne near -a"8ard5s -eat+a bad accdentt+e tran +ad r)n off t+e lne.
-e re'ar3ed t+at t 8as $robabl" a false re$ort.
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage 8. T. 8as told t+at t+e l&+ts 8ent o)t at
t+e t+eatre last n&+t and e2er"t+n& 8as left n dar3ness1 b)t t onl" lasted
for a fe8 'o'ents.
+i,JKJ-
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage 9. -e 8as told t+at t+e 3e" of t+e t+eatre
door +ad been lost and no one co)ld &et n for a lon& t'eG t+e $eo$le 8ere
all 3e$t 8atn& o)tsde.
-e see'ed rat+er dro8s"1 e#$ressed no nterest n 8+at +e 8as told1 and
onl" s$o3e n ans8er to E)estons as brefl" as $ossble. /rs. (d&8c3
as3ed +' once or t8ce 8+at s+e +ad been telln& +'G at last +e sad
slee$l"1 Re" lost.9
L%fter )$8ard $assesM 7eturn o$ Stage 8. In ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+at
+e +ad been told1 +e re$led t+at t+e l&+ts 8ent o)t at t+e t+eatre.
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage 9. In ans8er to t+e sa'e E)eston1
re$led t+at t+e 3e" +ad been lost.
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage :. -e 8as told t+at t8o &oat carra&es
racn& alon& t+e front +ad r)n nto one anot+er1 and 8ere s'as+ed. -e
see'ed stll 'ore dro8s"1 and co)ld +ardl" be &ot b" E)estons to re$eat
t+s stor".
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage '. -e 8as told t+at /r. ('t+ +ad been
$la"n& a &)tar and all t+e strn&s bro3e at once. -e re$eated t+s stor" after
ben& as3ed 8+at /rs. (d&8c3 +ad sad1 and e2en 2ol)nteered t+e re'ar3
t+at /r. ('t+ co)ld &et fres+ strn&s.
L%fter do8n8ard $assesM Stage U. /rs. (d&8c3 as3ed se2eral t'es1
Can "o) +ear 'eW9 T. at last sad1 Yes.9 /rs. (d&8c3 as3ed1 ,o "o)
t+n3 /r. ('t+ 8ll e2er &et t+at $)t r&+tW9 !o ans8er1 t+o)&+ t+e
E)eston 8as re$eated 'an" t'es. %t len&t+ s+e sad1 /r. ('t+ dro$$ed
+s 8atc+ nto t+e sea.9 !o ans8er or re'ar3 co)ld be elcted fro' T.
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage '. In ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+at /r.
('t+ +ad better do1 T. re$led1 (trn&s1I don5t 3no8 an"t+n& abo)t
strn&s.9
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage :. In ans8er to a s'lar 2a&)e E)eston1 +e
s+o8ed t+at +e re'e'bered abo)t t+e &oat carra&es.
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage 9. In ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+et+er t 8as
not f)nn"1 +e re$led1 6+atW t+e $eo$le standn& o)tsde and &ettn& 8etW
!o1 t+at 8asn5t a')sn&.9
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage 8. -e re'ar3ed1 %s3 /r. ('t+ 8+o $)t
t+e l&+ts o)tse2eral fello8s 8+o 8ere t+ere ne2er told 'ef)nn"
t+n&.9 %t t+s $ont +e be&an to tal3 s$ontaneo)sl" n a l2el" 8a". (/rs.
(d&8c3 notesJ I nde$endentl" noted t+at t 8as at t+s sta&e +e beca'e
co'$arat2el" l2el"1 and I dd not notce an" s$ecal ncrease of l2elness
after8ards.9)
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage *. -e sad1 T+e"5ll +a2e to $a" a lot of
'one". B)t t 8as better t+an a brd&e brea3n& do8n1 or ben& n a t)nnel.9
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage C. T. re'ar3ed1 I s)$$ose t+e X)een 8ll
be $)t o)t1 b)t t+e $a$ers sa" t5s ncon2enent to +er +s co'n& to En&land.
Yo) don5t 3no8 8+o dedW9
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage ). -e sad1 It5s a s+ar$ t)rn ro)nd t+at
corner1 f "o) co'e do8n t+at +ll. T+e +orses &ot fr&+tened at t+e corner1 I
s)$$ose. Coac+n& ')st be 2er" nce.9 4)rt+er s$ontaneo)s re'ar3s of t+e
sa'e 3nd follo8ed1 and 8+en /rs. (d&8c3 as3ed +' 8+at else t+e"
8ere tal3n& abo)t besdes t+at coac+1 +e onl" re$eated t+e coac+ stor" n
detal and sad +e 3ne8 of not+n& else.
L%fter )$8ard $assesM Stage A. -e sad1 Yo)5d t+n3 I '&+t +a2e +eard
of ta fre at a lar&e $lace l3e t+at.9
%fter 'ore )$8ard $asses T. a8o3e or 2er" nearl" a8o3e1 o$enn& +s
e"es. /rs. (d&8c3 as3ed +' 8+at t+e" 8ere tal3n& abo)tG +e sad +e +ad
an +i,JKK- dea t 8as (o'et+n& abo)t t+e /Utro$oleG I 8as drea'n&G I
drea't t 8as on fre or so'et+n&.9
-e 8as re+"$notsed al'ost at onceG /r. ('t+ 'ade a &ood 'an"
do8n8ard $asses1 t+en 8o3e +' s)ddenl" and as3ed f +e co)ld re'e'ber
drea'n& abo)t an"t+n&. %fter 'a3n& an effort to re'e'ber1 +e sad +e
+ad a conf)sed dea of /r. ('t+ sttn& n a fre1/r. ('t+ sttn& +ere
t+ree of "o) sttn& +ere1 and so'et+n& abo)t a fre.9 %ll t+e
e#$er'enters t+o)&+t t+at t+s referred to t+e last t'e +e +ad been a8a3e1
not to 8+at +e +ad been told d)rn& t+e $re2o)s +"$noss.
/rs. (d&8c3 re2sed /ss 7o+nson5s notes ''edatel" after t+e
sttn&1 and added t+e follo8n& note of +er o8nJ
T+e abo2e notes &2e a bref acco)nt of T.5s ans8ers1 &c.1 t+e E)estons
$)t b" /rs. (d&8c3 ben& &enerall" o'ttedG b)t on eac+ occason &on&
)$ t+e scale1 t+e s)bDect 8as started b" +er after t+e $asses 8t+ E)estons
caref)ll" selected so as not to +nt 8+at s)bDect +e 8as e#$ected to s$ea3
abo)t. Gon& do8n t+e scale1 s+e frst as3ed a E)eston 8+c+ +e '&+t +a2e
ans8ered n connecton 8t+ t+e s)bDect of t+e $re2o)s sta&e1 and as3ed
+' 8+et+er +e re'e'bered not+n&1 t+en told +' t+e ne8 stor".
In &on& )$1 +e al8a"s re'e'bered t+e s)bDect a$$ro$rate to t+at
sta&e at once1 and 8t+o)t t+e effort t+at 6+"bre8 Lt+e +"$notc s)bDect
referred to n t+e frst $ara&ra$+ of t+s %$$end#M see'ed to +a2e to brn&
to bear.9
,(' A . T+e follo8n& s a case of a$$arent $reCnatal s)&&eston
recorded b" ,r. LUbea)lt n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, %)&)st *A@*1 $. ?;.
T+e c+ld n E)eston s a &rl of ele2en. On +er left c+ee3 and nec3 s+e
+as a $ortC8ne 'ar319 t8el2e cent'etres 8de and t8ent" cent'etres
lon&1 e#tendn& fro' t+e collarCbone to abo2e t+e ear. T+e 'ot+er1 /rs. L.1
n t+e co)rse of &estaton s)ddenl" one da" n a street at !anc" ca'e face to
face 8t+ a 8o'an1 one 8+ole sde of 8+ose face 8as claret colo)r. (cared
o)t of co'$os)re1 /rs. L.1 8+o 8as D)st t+en s)ffern& fro' toot+ac+e1 and
8ore a cottonC8ool banda&e on +er left c+ee31 $)t +er +and )$ to +er
banda&eG 8+ere)$on1 to +er astons+'ent1 s+e sa8 t+at 'ost of t+e $eo$le
n t+e street +ad claretCcolo)red s$ots on t+er faces 2er" s'lar to t+e one
8+c+ +ad fr&+tened +er. T+s +all)cnaton occ)rred n t+e frst 'ont+ of
$re&nanc"1 and $erssted )ntl +er c+ld 8as born. !o effort of +ers1 no
ar&)'ent or ad'onton of +er +)sband5s1 co)ld a2al a&anst t+s stran&e
ll)son. -o8e2er1 t dd not occ)r to +er t+at t+e )nborn c+ld '&+t be
'ar3ed 8t+ t+e 2er" sa'e st&'ata 8+c+ s+e constantl" sa8 on t+e faces
of $assersCb". B)t )$on +er del2er"1 as t+e c+ld 8as not s+o8n to +er
''edatel"1 s+e beca'e an#o)s1 8ondered 8+et+er t '&+t not +a2e a
claretCcolo)red 'ar3 on t+e face1 and e#$ressed +er fears s$ontaneo)sl".
LUbea)lt s)$$oses t+at /rs. L. ca)sed t+s 'ar3 to a$$ear )$on +er
)nborn nfant b" )nconsco)s s)&&eston -e fo)nd t+at /rs. L. 8as 2er"
s)&&estble1 and fell n less t+an one 'n)te nto a state of l&+t
so'na'b)ls'.
,(' B . T+e follo8n& case 8as recorded b" /r. 4rancs Galton1 n
Nature (2ol. l2.1 $. =B1 /a" .At+1 *A@B)1 )nder t+e ttle1 % C)ro)s
Idos"ncras".9
+i,JKL-
% stron&l"C'ar3ed dos"ncras" +as latel" co'e to '" notce1 8+c+
s+o)ld be recorded. % lad" of '" acE)antance 8as 8al3n& 8t+ a relat2e1
Colonel /.1 8+en t+e 8fe of a tenant addressed +er1 and descrbed +o8 t+e
+and of +er o8n c+ld +ad been $nc+ed n a door. O2er+earn& +er stor"1
Colonel /. beca'e E)te )n8ell1 so ')c+ so as to lead to $artc)lar nE)r"1
8+c+ res)lted n s+o8n& t+at all)sons to an" accdents of t+at 3nd
affected +' at once n a 2er" $erce$tble 8a". 4nall"1 at t+e reE)est of t+e
lad"1 +e 8rote an acco)nt of +s $ec)lart"1 8+c+ s+e for8arded to 'e.
T+ere)$on I corres$onded 8t+ Colonel /.1 8+o sl&+tl" re2sed 8+at +e
+ad 8rtten1 and sanctoned ts $)blcaton. It s as follo8sJ
4ro' '" earlest re'e'brance1 and stll )$ to no81 an" s&+t of an
nD)red nal n an" $erson1 e2en f a total stran&er1 or an" nD)r"1 +o8e2er
sl&+t1 to one of '" o8n nals1 ca)ses 'e to brea3 nto a deadl" cold
$ers$raton1 8t+ feeln& of sc3 fantness. B)t stll f)rt+erG f I c+ance to
+ear an" one else narratn& n cas)al con2ersaton an" nD)r" of t+s
$artc)lar sort to t+e'sel2es or ot+ers1 t brn&s on 'e e#actl" t+e sa'e
feeln& I +a2e descrbed abo2e. (o ')c+ s t+s t+e case1 t+at 'an" "ears
a&o1 8+en I 8as n t+e $r'e of lfe1 at a lar&e dnnerC$art"1 8+en one of t+e
&)ests near 'e $ersstentl" c+anced to &o on tal3n& 'n)tel" of so'e s)c+
lttle accdental nD)r" t+at +ad befallen +'1 I t)rned 2er" fant1 tred all I
3ne8 to s+a3e t off1 b)t co)ld not1 and $resentl" sld r&+t )nder t+e table1
E)te )nconsco)s for t+e 'o'ent. T+s s t+e 'ore sn&)lar beca)se on no
ot+er $ont a' I n t+e least sE)ea's+. In old da"s I +a2e seen solders
flo&&ed before brea3fast 8t+o)t ts affectn& 'e1 t+o)&+ so'e of t+e ran3
and fle 8o)ld be 2er" ')c+ )$set1 and n cases of deat+1 llness1 or 8o)nds
I +a2e ne2er e#$erenced1 as an onloo3er1 t+e sensatons I +a2e all)ded to
abo2e.9
I 'a" 'enton t+at t+e 'ot+er of Colonel /. +ad $nc+ed +er o8n
fn&erCnal badl" s+ortl" before +s brt+1 and1 as s not )nco''on n
concdences of t+at 3nd1 s+e bele2ed +er accdent to +a2e been t+e ca)se
of +er son5s $ec)lart". -e 8rtes to 'eJ
%s a bo" I 8as consco)s of t+s re$)&nance of 'ne1 b)t 8as as+a'ed
of t1 and ne2er )sed to 'enton t to an" one. 6+en I beca'e a "o)n& 'an
I one da" 'entoned t privatey to '" 'ot+er1 8+o t a$$eared +ad alread"
notced t n 'e as a c+ld. (+e t+en told 'e t+e ncdent abo)t +er o8n
fn&er1 and s+e and I ben& bot+ )tterl" )nscentfc $ersons1 ass)'ed t+en
and t+ere t+at '" sE)ea's+ feeln&s abo)t nD)res to fn&erCt$s ')st be
connected 8t+ +er lttle accdent.9
In re$l" to f)rt+er E)estons1 I learn t+at t+e nD)r" to t+e 'ot+er1
+o8e2er $anf)l at t+e t'e1 8as not so se2ere as to lea2e a $er'anent
'ar3. %lso1 t+at no analo&o)s $ec)lart" s 3no8n to e#st a'on& t+e near
relatons of Colonel /.1 of 8+o' +e s$ecfes +s fat+er1 brot+er1 t+ree
ssters1 ne$+e8s and neces. -e +as no c+ldren.Y
,(' C . T+e ne#t case s ta3en fro' an artcle enttled /aternal
I'$ressons and t+er Infl)ence )$on t+e 4Qt)s n :tero19 b" Cla)d)s
-enr" /aston1 /.,.1 of /oble1 %la.1 n The 2edica Ne#s, 2ol. l##.1
7an)ar"7)ne *A@A (!e8 Yor3).
LI +ereM $resent a bref +stor" of a case of 2er" &reat nterest1 and snce
t +as occ)rred )nder '" o8n ''edate obser2aton1 I can 2o)c+ for ts
tr)t+.
6lla' Y.1 a&ed t8ent"Ct8o "ears1 8as s+ot on t+e 'ornn& of
(e$te'ber +i,JKM- .<t+1 *A@<. T+e ball1 a ;ACcalbre1 8as fred fro' a
6nc+ester rfle1 and entered t+e rear of t+e c+est on t+e left sde1 D)st belo8
and to t+e o)ter sde of t+e an&le of t+e sca$)laG at t+s $ont t $enetrated
t+e c+est bet8een t+e se2ent+ and e&+t+ rbs1 and $assn& t+ro)&+ t+e entre
c+est1 e'er&ed fro' t+e ntercostal s$ace bet8een t+e fo)rt+ and fft+ rbs1
t8o and a E)arter nc+es fro' t+e left n$$le on t+e nner sde. T+e e#act
'eas)re'ent of t+e 'an5s c+est s+o8s t+at t+e dstance fro' t+e 'dsternal
lne n a trans2erse drecton to t+e centre of t+e left n$$le s fo)r and a
E)arter nc+esG a lne dra8n fro' t+e 8o)nd of entrance to t+at of e#t
$asses drectl" t+ro)&+ t+e locaton of t+e r&+t 2entrcleG and t s )$on t+s
anato'c fact t+at I da&nosed t+e case to be one of drect +eart $enetraton.
I s+all not cons)'e t'e 8t+ a detal of t+e case1 8+c+ +as been t+e
s)bDect of a $a$er )$on G)ns+ot 6o)nds of t+e -eart19 8+c+ 8as read
before t+e %'ercan ()r&cal %ssocaton at ts !e8 Yor3 /eetn& n *A@?1
and $)bls+ed n 2ol. #. of ts Transactions. %t t+e t'e 8+en t+s 'an
8as s+ot +s 8fe 8as near b"1 and reac+ed +' 2er" soon after8ards. In
atte'$tn& to render 8+at assstance 8as n +er $o8er1 +er +ands 8ere
staned 8t+ blood1 and s+e also +ad +er face co2ered 8t+ blood. 6+en I
sa8 t+e $atent late t+at afternoon1 I fo)nd +er 2er" ')c+ a&tated1 and
see'n&l" as ')c+ e#ercsed on acco)nt of +er condton as s+e 8as for +er
+)sband5s safet". (+e t+en nfor'ed 'e t+at s+e 8as $re&nant1 and felt
certan t+at +er c+ld 8o)ld be born 8t+ a blood" face.9 I as3ed +er
6+" a blood" faceW9 and s+e sadBeca)se I $)t '" blood" +ands to
'" face and co2ered t 8t+ blood1 and I 3no8 '" c+ld 8ll be born 8t+ a
blood" face.9 (+e 8as an &norant co)ntr" 8o'an1 and flled 8t+
s)$erstto)s notons. I cal'ed +er fears as ')c+ as I $ossbl" co)ld1 and
ds'ssed t+e s)bDect fro' '" 'nd. %fter a lon& and tedo)s
con2alescence +er +)sband 8as able to be ta3en +o'e n t+e co)ntr"1 and I
t+o)&+t no 'ore of t+e case be"ond t+e re'ar3able reco2er" fro' a se2ere
8o)nd.
,)rn& t+e s)cceedn& s$rn&1 *A@?1 t+e 'an and +s 8fe ca'e to t+e
ct" and called at '" offce1 brn&n& 8t+ t+e' a ne8Cborn nfant. (+e sad
to 'e,octor1 '" bab" +as not &ot a blood" face1 b)t t +as &ot t+e +oles
8+ere t+e ball 8ent t+ro)&+ Bll5s breast.9 :$on e#a'naton of t+e c+ld I
dd not fnd t+e +oles9 8+c+ s+e sad 8ere t+ere1 b)t n $lace of t+e' I
dsco2ered br&+t red 'ar3s1 clearl" s+o8n )$on t+e c+est of t+e c+ldG t+e"
8ere not s'$l" dscolo)red s$ots1 b)t ele2ated nF21 and br&+t car'neC
colo)red s$ots easl" to be seen at a dstance of a +)ndred feet. T+ere t+e"
8ere on t+e left sde of t+e c+est1 and alt+o)&+ not n t+e e#act anato'c
locaton of t+e 8o)nd on t+e fat+er5s c+est1 stll so near t+e s$ot t+at t+e" are
easl" reco&nsed as res)ltn& t+erefro'. T+e 'ot+er +ad seen t+e 8o)nds n
+er +)sband5s c+est1 and +ad told 'e d)rn& +s llness t+at t+e" 'ade +er
sc3 e2er" t'e s+e loo3ed at t+e'.
Interested no8 n t+e condton of t+e case1 I 'ade acc)rate nE)res as
to +er $re&nanc" and t+e date of +er del2er". (+e nfor'ed 'e t+at +er
$re&nanc" +ad $assed as )s)al n for'er ones1 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton t+at s+e
+ad been 2er" ner2o)s1 and t+at t+e 'otons of t+e c+ld +ad been 'ore
2olent1 and 8ere bro)&+t on b" an" nose or e#cte'ent. -er labo)r too3
$lace on /a" *>t+1 *A@?G 8as abo)t as $re2o)s del2eres. %ss)'n& t+e
ter' of &estaton to be .A> da"s1 and t+s c+ld ben& born on /a" *>t+1
*A@?1 t s far to calc)late t+at +er conce$ton too3 $lace abo)t %)&)st ;rd1
*A@<1 and fro' t+at date to (e$te'ber .<t+1 t+e date on 8+c+ t+e fat+er
8as s+ot1 &2es +i,JKN- )s ?. da"s. T+e E)eston s16as t+e 'aternal
e#cte'ent at t+e s&+t of t+e 8o)nd n +er +)sband5s c+est t+e ca)se of t+e
'ar3s )$on t+e c+ld 8t+ 8+c+ s+e 8as t+en $re&nantW I $resent t+e facts
and lea2e t+e reader to ans8er.
,(* A . %ccordn& to ,r. Ed&ar BUrllon1 8+o 8as t+e frst
s"ste'atcall" to a$$l" t+e +"$notc 'et+od to t+e ed)caton of c+ldren
(see +s $a$er1 ,e la s)&&eston en2sa&Ue a) $ont de 2)e $Uda&o&E)e9 n
t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 2ol. . *AA=1 $. A<)1 t+e $ercenta&e of t+ose 8+o
can be +"$notsed s 'ore t+an A>1 and +e asserts t+at s)&&estblt" 2ares
drectl" as t+e ntellect)al de2elo$'ent of t+e s)bDect. -e classes )nder fo)r
+eads t+e affectons 8+c+ can be s)ccessf)ll" treated b" +"$notc
s)&&eston. ((ee t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7)l" *A@?.)
(*) Ps"c+cal deran&e'ents ca)sed b" ac)te dseasesG n $artc)lar1
nso'na1 restlessness1 noct)rnal delr)'1 ncontrollable 2o'tn&1
ncontnence of )rne and of fFces.
(.) 4)nctonal affectons connected 8t+ ner2o)s dseaseJ c+orea1 tcs1
con2)lsons1 anFst+esF1 contract)res and +"stercal $aress1 +"stercal
+cco)&+1 ble$+aros$as'.
(;) Ps"c+cal deran&e'ents1 s)c+ as +abt of btn& nals1 $recoco)s
'$)ls2e tendences1 noct)rnal terrors1 s$ea3n& n slee$1 3le$to'ana1
ner2o)sness1 s+"ness.
(<) C+orea1 +"stera1 e$le$s"1 or 'ental deran&e'ents consdered as
res)ltn& fro' t+e co'bnaton of se2eral ner2o)s dseases.
One of ,r. BUrllon5s 'ost c+aracterstc nstances 'a" be descrbed. (It
s &2en n f)ll n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7)l" *A@;1 $. **.)
E'le P.1 ele2en "ears old1 +ad acE)red1 8+en +e 8as abo)t one "ear of
a&e1 t+e +abt of constantl" 3ee$n& n +s 'o)t+ t8o fn&ers of +s left
+and1 t+e frst and second fn&ers )$ to t+e 'ddle of t+e second $+alan#.
E2er snce t+en1 at n&+t1 as soon as +e 8as n bed1 +e be&an to s)c3 +s
fn&ers1 and co)ld not &et to slee$ )nless t+e" 8ere n +s 'o)t+. Ver"
freE)entl" +e 8o)ld s)c3 t+e' n t+e da"t'e too. T+s fn&erCs)c3n&
co)ld onl" be $)t a sto$ to b" so'e occ)$aton 8+c+ 3e$t bot+ +ands b)s".
%ll sorts of 'et+ods 8ere ado$ted to c)re +' of t+s bad +abt1 8t+o)t an"
sort of res)lt. % &ood 'an" &astrc and d&est2e tro)bles ens)ed1 8+c+ t+e
$arents r&+tl" attrb)ted to t+s bad trc3.
In t+e frst +"$notc sUance BUrllon s)&&ested to t+e bo" to &o to slee$
8t+o)t $)ttn& +s fn&ers n +s 'o)t+ on t+at and t+e follo8n& n&+ts.
%lt+o)&+ t+e +"$noss +ad been 2er" l&+t1 t+e s)&&eston 8as carred o)t.
E'le P. +ad felt nclned to s)c3 +s fn&ers1 b)t +ad been able to resst t+e
te'$taton. On t+e t+rd da" after t+s frst sUance t+e te'$taton rec)rred
8t+ &reater ntenst"1 and t+e bo" re'ar3ed to +s &rand'ot+erJ It5s
$ec)lar1 b)t I feel e2er" no8 and t+en l3e s)c3n& '" fn&ersG b)t I feel
t+at I a' )nable to.9
%fter t+ree sttn&s1 n t+e co)rse of 8+c+ t+e +"$noss obtaned beca'e
$ro&ress2el" dee$er1 +e 8as able to &o to slee$ 8t+o)t t+n3n& of s)c3n&
+s fn&ers. (nce t+en +e +as ne2er fallen nto +s bad +abt a&an. %nd "et
t+e +i,JKO- $atent 8as 2er" de&enerateJ +s fat+er 8as a dr)n3ardG also +s
&randfat+erG +s 'ot+er s)ffered fro' +"stercal con2)lsons.
In t+e case of t+ese a)to'atc '$)lses1 t+e frst care of t+e $+"scan
s+o)ld be1 as BUrllon obser2es1 to rase nto t+e feld of consco)sness
'otor $resentatons 8+c+ +a2e s)n3 $artall" or 8+oll" belo8 t+e
t+res+old. T+e $rocess of +"$notc c)re conssts &enerall" n calln& t+e
attenton of t+e $atent to 'o2e'ents 8+c+ +a2e beco'e a)to'atc and
)nconsco)s. In t+e 'ost se2ere cases t s $ossble to co)nteract t+e
a)to'atc '$)lse b" creatn& anot+er '$)lse 8+c+ s aro)sed b" and
n+bts t+e frst. (BUrllon1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, %$rl *A@?1 $. ;>B.)
T+)s BUrllon too3 fr' +old of t+e 8rsts of one of +s $atents 8+le in the
#aBing state and told +' to tr" to bte +s nals. T+s 8as1 of co)rse1
'$ossble. T+e s)&&eston 8as t+en 'ade t+at 8+ene2er t+e a)to'atc
'o2e'ent 8as abo)t to be carred o)t1 t+e $atent 8o)ld feel a +ea2ness n
+s ar's1 8+c+ co)ld not be lfted 8t+o)t consderable effort. -e 8o)ld
t+en beco'e ntensel" consco)s of t+e nc$ent 'o2e'ent1 and 8o)ld be
able to renforce t+e a)to'atc n+bton of t b" an effort of consco)s 8ll.
4or re$orts of +"$notc c)re of on"c+o$+a&"1 see BUrllon1 t+e artcles
alread" E)otedG Bo)rdon1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, !o2e'ber *A@?1 $. *;<G
Bo)ffU1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, (e$te'ber *A@A1 $. =B.
4or re$orts of +"$notc c)re of e2en &ra2er +abts1 see Van Renter&+e'
and Van Eeden1 &sycho,Th;rapie, $. .?>G Bern+e'1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, ,ece'ber *A@*1 a case n 8+c+ t+e +abt +ad beco'e E)te
a)to'atc and rresstble1 and 8+ere e2er" ot+er 'et+od of treat'ent +ad
faledG also *e a suggestion/ (c+renc3C!otNn&1 *ie suggestions,Therapie
bei BranBha$ten 8rscheinungen des :eschechtssinnes/ BUrllon1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, 7)l" *A@;1 $$. *.1 *<1 *?G Bo)rdon1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
!o2e'ber *A@?1 $$. *;B1 *;@1 *<>G %)&)ste Vosn1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, !o2e'ber *AA=1 $. *?*.
4or c)res of enuresis nocturna, see LUbea)lt1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
(e$te'ber *AAB1 $. =*G BUrllon1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7)ne *A@<1 P. ;?@G
Van Renter&+e' and Van Eeden1 &sycho,Th;rapie/ Pa)l 4areN1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, %)&)st *A@@1 $. ?;. T+s a)t+or reco''ends t+e 'et+od of
s)&&eston n nor'al slee$.
LUbea)lt1 n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme for 7an)ar" *AA@1 &2es t8ent"C
t8o cases n 8+c+ +"$notc s)&&eston 8as )sed n t+e 'oral ed)caton of
c+ldren fro' t+e a&e of fo)rteen 'ont+s )$8ards1 8t+ t+e a' of c)rn&
t+e +abt of l"n&1 e#cess2e de2elo$'ents of e'otons1 s)c+ as fear and
an&er1 and $recoco)s or de$ra2ed a$$ettes1 etc.G and of '$ro2n& t+e
nor'al fac)ltes of attenton and 'e'or". -e re$orts ten c)res1 e&+t
'$ro2e'ents1 and fo)r fal)res.
4or ot+er cases of 'oral ed)caton1 see BUrllon1 *e a suggestion et de
ses appications > a p;dagogie (*AA=)G .Q'ypnotisme et Q<rthop;die
morae (*A@A)G 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, ,ece'ber *AA=1 $$. *B@K*A>1 and
+i,JLP- ,ece'ber *A@=1 $. *B.G Bern+e'1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
!o2e'ber *AAB1 $. *.@G Lada'e1 t+e sa'e1 7)ne and 7)l"1 *AA=G Vosn1 t+e
sa'e1 !o2e'ber *AAAG ,e 7on&1 t+e sa'e1 (e$te'ber *A@*G Bo)rdon1 t+e
sa'e1 %)&)st *A@BG Van Renter&+e' and Van Eeden1 &sycho,Th;rapie, $.
.*?.
,(* B . !er2o)s tro)bles n ad)lts +a2e often been c)red b" t+e sa'e
'eans. T+)s1 n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, (e$te'ber *A@@1 $. =;1 ,r.
Vla2anos records a case of tic convusi$ c)red b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
7eanne %.1 t8ent"Cf2e "ears old1 stron&not+n& s$ecal to note n +er
$arents5 or n +er o8n $ersonal antecedents. -er tc s t+e frst dsease 8+c+
s+e +as +ad. It be&an t+ree and a +alf "ears before ,r. V. sa8 t+e $atent.
-er $arents notced t+at s+e often s+oo3 +er +ead as f n t+e )s)al &est)re
of denal. (+e 8as E)te )nconsco)s of t. -er attenton +a2n& been dra8n
to t+s 'o2e'ent1 t beca'e conscious, b)t invountary. (+e endea2o)red
8t+o)t s)ccess to n+bt t. If for a t'e s+e s)cceeded1 t+e tc 8o)ld
rea$$ear n E)c3 s)ccesson as f to 'a3e )$ for loss of t'e. :nder t+e
nfl)ence of e'oton t+e tc 8as t8ce s)s$ended for so'e 'ont+s. On t+e
frst occason t+s occ)rred a$$arentl" as a res)lt of t+e Do" and e#cte'ent
of attendn& +er frst ball. On t+e second1 after a &reat fr&+t $rod)ced b" a
se2ere scaldn&. !o +"stera1 no s&n of de&eneraton1 $+"scal or $s"c+cal.
+"$notc s)&&est on and a$$ro$rate &"'nastc e#ercses re'o2ed t+e tc at
t+e end of t+ree sttn&s.
6etterstrand +as )sed t+e sa'e 'et+od 8t+ s)ccess (oc. cit., $. =B).
(ee also 7anet1 N;vroses et (d;es 9i0es, 2ol. . $art . c+. .1 Les Tcs.9
,() A . T+e '$)lse to steal ad'ts of 'an" de&rees 8+c+ lead on one
to anot+er. T+e re'o2al of t+e '$)lse b" +"$notc s)&&eston cannot
t+erefore be f)ll" ll)strated b" E)otn& one case onl". In de&enerate
c+ldren t+e '$)lse 'a" res)lt n acton 8t+ all t+e a)to'ats' of an
)nconsco)s 'ec+ans'. 6+en s)c+ c+ldren are E)estoned as to t+e
'ot2es 8+c+ led t+e' to co''t t+e t+eft1 t+e" ans8erJ I don5t 3no8G I
co)ldn5t +el$ t.9 +"$notc s)&&eston1 b" stren&t+enn& t+e $o8er of
n+bton1 and b" brn&n& nto f)ll consco)sness t+e '$)lse and t+e
'o2e'ents 8+c+ +a2e $artall" s)n3 belo8 t+e t+res+old1 'a" eradcate
t+e bad +abt. 4or ll)stratons see BUrllon1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
(e$te'ber *A@>1 $. =?1 and 4ebr)ar" *A@B1 $. .;=G RU&s1 t+e sa'e1 /a"
*A@BG also t+e case of RrafftCEbn&5s $atent1 Il'a (.1 descrbed n +s
80perimenta Study in 'ypnotism, translated b" ,r. C. G. C+attoc3 (!e8
Yor31 *AA@).
Co&nate 8t+ t+e 3le$to'anacal '$)lse of t+e de&enerate1 b)t 8del"
dfferent fro' eac+ ot+er1 are t8o f)rt+er for's of t+e '$)lse to steal
8+c+ +a2e been s)ccessf)ll" co'bated b" +"$notc s)&&eston. T+e one s
t+e '$)lse to steal 8+c+ s fo)nd n 'oral dots.9 ((ee cases re$orted b"
,e 7on&1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, (e$te'ber *A@*1 $. A.1 and %)&)ste
Vosn1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, !o2e'ber *AAA1 $. *;>.) T+e +i,JLG-
dst)rbance of c+aracter s e2en 'ore $rofo)nd t+an n t+e cases frst
'entoned1 for t+e a)to'atc nat)re of t+e '$)lse +as beco'e so far
e#a&&erated t+at ro)nd t cr"stallses a $artall" or 8+oll" nde$endent c+an
of 'e'or". T+e de2elo$'ent of t+e dsease s co'$lete 8+en t+e $atent5s
or&nal $ersonalt" +as beco'e s$lt )$ nto t8o1 8+c+ alternateG t+e one
8+c+ steals1 t+e ot+er 8+c+ 3no8s not+n& of t+e t+efts. To t+s t"$e
belon&s a case obser2ed b" Perre 7anet1 and descrbed n N;vroses et (d;es
9i0es, 2ol. . $. *@= foll.JLe 2ol a le) dans )ne es$Pce d5Utat second
a2ec a'nUse. Il se'ble E)e l5dUe d) 2ol1 U2ellUe $ar la 2)e d5)n obDet
E)elconE)e1 $rod)se )ne U'oton1 )n c+oc E) ann+le le reste de la
conscence1 et E)e cette dUe se dU2elo$$e se)le dans )ne conscence
rUtrUce. 9LTransation M
,() B . %not+er dstressn& b)t so'e8+at &rotesE)e case n Professor
7anet5s N;vroses et (d;es 9i0es 8as t+at of a 3le$to'anac 8+o stole fro'
e2er"bod"1 b)t es$ecall" fro' +'self. 6orse t+an t+e so'na'b)lc +ero
of an old (ngodsby .egend, 8+o b)red a fres+ $ar of +s o8n tro)sers
e2er" n&+t n t+e &arden1 t+s bo" co)ld 3ee$ not+n& b" n&+t or da" fro'
+s o8n 'ara)dn& +ands. -e stole fro' +'self 8+en +e 8as aslee$1 b)t +e
stole fro' ot+er $eo$le 8+en they, at an" rate1 8ere 8de a8a3e1 and sa8
$erfectl" 8+at +e 8as don&. In fact1 t+e $s"c+olo&cal nterest of t+s case
les n t+e $oor fello85s o8n condton at t+e 'o'ent of +s t+efts18+c+
8as a 3nd of se'C+"$notsaton b" n2ol)ntar" selfCs)&&eston1 closel"
rese'bln& t+e +alfC+"$notsed state nto 8+c+ an a8a3ened s)bDect falls
8+en t+e t'e co'es for +' to e#ec)te so'e $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston.
T+s )n8lln& 3le$to'anac see'ed to be s)bDect to a $er'anent selfC
s)&&eston to carr" off an" obDect 8+c+ +e $artc)larl" notcedG and +s
o8n &aNe at a sl2er s$oon 8o)ld t+ro8 +' nto a drea'" condton n
8+c+ +e ne2tabl" $)t t+at s$oon n +s $oc3et.
%not+er 'elanc+ol" aberraton1 8+c+ s not 8t+o)t ts co'c ele'ent1
s descrbed b" 7anet )nder t+e +eadn& of ,$so'ana of ca$; au ait,
co'$lcated 8t+ 3le$to'ana of petits pains9
/
'e
Pt.1 a ner2o)s $ersona&e1 s)ffered fro' a d"s$e$sa 8+c+ +er
doctor 'sta3enl" attrb)ted to dlataton of t+e sto'ac+. -e l'ted +er to a
8ne&lass of lE)d at eac+ 'eal1 and 'ade +er l2e 'anl" on dr" toast. -er
+)sband s)$$orted t+e doctor1 b)t 'eant'e s+e sa8 him drn3n& ca$; au
ait and eatn& rolls 8t+ &)sto and freedo'GcQ;tait pour ee e suppice
de Tantae. One da" +er $atence &a2e 8a". 6+en +er +)sband5s bac3 8as
t)rned1 s+e t+re8 +erself )$on a roll 8+c+ +e +ad left on +s $late1 t+en
r)s+ed to t+e crXmerie, and 'ade +erself an e#cellent ca$; au ait. (+e 8as
none t+e 8orse for tG +er +)sband t 8as 8+o ded. %fter +s deat+ t+e
$asson for ca$; au ait &re8 on +er1 so t+at 8+en +er stoc3 of 'l3 8as
e#+a)sted at n&+t s+e 8o)ld tread +er roo' n an&)s+ed lon&n& tll t+e
crXmeries o$ened n t+e 'ornn&. !ot 2ent)rn& to drn3 'ore t+an t8o
c)$s at t+e sa'e crXmerie, s+e 8o)ld +i,JLH- 8ander abo)t Pars and drn3
at 2aro)s s+o$s t8ent" or t+rt" c)$s $er da".
%ll t+ese c)$s s+e d)l" and $ro'$tl" $ad for. B)t a 'orbd a&&ra2aton
ca'e. (+e 8anted rolls 8t+ +er coffeeG b)t no8 t+at t+ere 8as no one to
forbd +er t+e rolls1 t+e" lost t+er sa2o)r1t+e sa2o)r of petit pain
d;$endu. % 8a" of s)$$l"n& t+s sa2o)r occ)rred to +erGs+e stoe t+e
rolls. (+e 8o)ld &o to a s+o$ and $a" for one roll1and adrotl" 'a3e
se2eral ot+ers fall nto a Ga'$s+ )'brella. -a2n& collected a doNen or so1
s+e 8o)ld &o +o'e to eat t+e'1 and start a&an.
!o81 t+s $oor 8o'ant+s coffeeC'e&alo'anac1 as an er)dte frend
of Professor 7anet5s +as ter'ed +erbeco'es not nfreE)entl" 2er"
)nco'fortable nsde. (+e detests +er o8n obsession, +er id;e $i0e, b)t s+e
cannot c)re +erselfG nor +ad Professor 7anet1 at t+e t'e of 8rtn&1
s)cceeded n c)rn& +er.
,(9 A . %lco+ols'1 as t+e 2ce 8+c+ least easl" esca$es notce1 s t+at
8+c+ 'edcal $racttoners +a2e 'ost freE)entl" endea2o)red to co'bat.
T+e lst of s$ecfcs alle&ed to c)re dr)n3enness s ne#+a)stble. It s
$robable t+at t+e te'$orar" s)ccess of t+ose 8+c+ +a2e 'et 8t+ an"
s)ccess at all s d)e to t+e s)&&est2e acton of a con2nced $+"scan )$on a
$atent an#o)s to be rd of +s c)rse. %t an" rate1 t s t+e 2ce 8+c+
s)&&eston1 ntentonall" and consco)sl" )sed as a t+era$e)tc 'et+od1 +as
been (8t+ 2ar"n& s)ccess) 'ost )n2ersall" e'$lo"ed to eradcate. Lsts of
c)res of alco+ols' b" s)&&eston +a2e been $)bls+ed b" $racttoners n
e2er" co)ntr" e2er snce t+e frst '$)lse &2en to $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs b"
t+e !anc" (c+ool.
(ee Otto 6etterstrand1 *er 'ypnotismus und seine An#endung in der
praBtischen 2edicin/ Geor& Rn&er1 8r$oge des therapeutischen
'ypnotismus in der .andpra0is/ Van Renter&+e' and Van Eeden1 &sycho,
Th;rapie/ %)&)ste 4orel1 8inige therapeutische Cersuche mit dem
'ypnotismus bei :eistesBranBen/ Llo"d T)c3e"1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
7an)ar" *A@=1 $. .>=G Lada'e1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, !o2e'ber *AA=1 $.
*;*1 and ,ece'ber *AA=1 $. *B?G %. Vosn1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 2ol. .
(*AAA)1 $. B@1 and 2ol. . (*AA@)1 $. ;?;G Vla2anos1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, 7)ne *A@@1 $. ;B*G !elson1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 2ol. 2.
(*A@.)1 $. *=. (ee also t+e 8or3s of LUbea)lt1 Bern+e'1 and /lne
Bra'8ell.
T+e '$)lse to drn31 l3e t+e '$)lse to steal1 can be traced t+ro)&+ a
2aret" of sta&esG fro' t+e 'ost ele'entar"1 8+en t+e '$)lse s allo8ed to
follo8 ts co)rse beca)se t+e satsfacton of t s $leas)rable1 t+ro)&+ t+e
d'ns+n& de&rees of t+e $o8er of n+bton1 and t+e $ro&ress2e
'ec+ansaton of t+e $rocess1 )ntl t+e '$)lse beco'es rresstble1 and s
felt as a c)rse1 8+c+ t+e 8ll s $o8erless to o$$ose. T+e co'$lete
e2ol)ton of t+e $rocess s to be fo)nd n t+ose cases 8+ere t+e '$)lse and
ts assocated states of consco)sness +a2e beco'e entrel" se$arated fro'
t+e nor'al strea' of t+o)&+t1 and t+e d$so'anac $resents alternatn&
$ersonaltes.
+i,JLI-
T+e case of one of Perre 7anet5s $atents1 /ara (see N;vroses et (d;es
9i0es , 2ol. . $. ...)1 ll)strates t+e fnal sta&e. (+e +ad a +"stercal brot+er
and an nsane sster. -er fat+er and &randfat+er 8ere dr)n3ards. (+e1
+o8e2er1 ab+orred t+s 2ce so t+oro)&+l" t+at s+e al8a"s dran3 8ater n
+er nor'al state. /oreo2er1 s+e +ad no taste for alco+ol nor desre to drn3
t. 4ro' t'e to t'e1 +o8e2er1 s+e +ad a feeln& of dstress 8+c+ dro2e +er
o)t of t+e +o)se nto t+e streets. T+s 8as t+e be&nnn& of a d$so'anacal
attac3. (+e dran3 et+er1 alco+ol1 an"t+n& s+e co)ld &et. %fter a fe8 da"s of
s)c+ cond)ct s+e )sed to be fo)nd b" t+e $olce l"n& nto#cated n t+e
street1 and 8o)ld after so'e t'e a8a3en to fnd +erself n a $olce staton
or +os$tal. In +er t+en nor'al condton s+e co)ld re'e'ber not+n& of t+e
attac3 after t+e ntal feeln& of dstress t+at +ad led to t.
,(9 B . % case recorded b" ,r. /lne Bra'8ell n a $a$er enttled
,$so'ana and ts Treat'ent b" s)&&eston9 n t+e &roceedings o$ the
Society $or the Study o$ (nebriety, 7)ne *@>>.
/rs. C.1 a&ed fort"Cfo)r1 !o2e'ber .;rd1 *A@<. 4a'l" +stor" of
alco+ols'. %t t+e a&e of t8ent" t+e $atent be&an to +a2e freE)ent
+"stercal attac3s1 and for t+ese st')lants 8ere $rescrbed n rat+er lar&e
E)anttes. T8o "ears later s+e be&an to ta3e st')lants n e#cess1 b)t dd
not do so freE)entl"1 and rarel" beca'e nto#cated. 4ro' t+rt"Ct8o to
t+rt"Cs# s+e 8as an abstanerG t+en co''enced ta3n& st')lants a&an1
and attac3s of &en)ne d$so'ana soon a$$eared. T+e $atent s)ffered fro'
an al'ost constant cra2n& for alco+ol. (+e 8as1 +o8e2er1 a 8o'an of
c)lt)re1 refne'ent1 and +&+ $rnc$le1 de2oted to +er +)sband and c+ldren1
and t+e dea of &2n& 8a" to drn3 8as n e2er" 8a" ab+orrent to +er. (+e
t+erefore str)&&led 8t+ all +er '&+t a&anst t+e te'$tatonG ressted t
s)ccessf)ll" for a 8ee3 or t8o1 t+en t+e cra2n& beca'e rresstble1 and a
drn3n& bo)t follo8ed. I +"$notsed /rs. C. t+rt" t'es1 fro' !o2e'ber
.;rd1 *A@<1 to 4ebr)ar" *<t+1 *A@?. 4ro' t+e 2er" be&nnn& of t+e
treat'ent s+e abstaned fro' st')lants1 b)t t+e cra2n&1 alt+o)&+ ')c+
d'ns+ed1 dd not entrel" dsa$$ear for so'e 'ont+s. :$ to t+e $resent
date t+ere +as been absol)tel" no rela$se.
Ot+er s)ccessf)l cases1 and a &eneral dsc)sson of d$so'ana and t+e
condtons fa2o)rable to ts s)ccessf)l treat'ent1 are &2en n t+s $a$er.
,(9 C . !cotns' +as also been s)ccessf)ll" treated b" s)&&eston.
T+e follo8n& s a t"$cal nstance1 recorded b" %)&)ste Vosn1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, 2ol. #. (*A@?)1 $. .<?.
/r. 0.1 fort"Cf2e "ears old1 +"$oc+ondracal1 'e'or" and 'oral $o8er
consderabl" d'ns+ed. 4or t+e last ffteen "ears +as s'o3ed bet8een
fort" and s#t" c&arettes a da". Pans at t+e le2el of t+e frst dorsal 2ertebraG
constant sensaton of fat&)eG e'acated. -eartCbeats 2er" feebleG $atent
co)&+s freE)entl". !ot+n& abnor'al n t+e senses of s&+t1 +earn&1 and
s'ell. Taste alone so'e8+at '$ared. ($eec+ clear. -ardl" an" a$$ette.
-"$noss 8as onl" attaned after t8o atte'$ts b" t+e 'et+od of f#aton of
t+e e"es or of t+e fn&ers. T+e de&ree obtaned 8as one of se'Clet+ar&".
Patent cannot o$en +s e"esG alt+o)&+ +e asserts after8ards t+at +e 8as not
entrel" +i,JLJ- aslee$. T+e s)&&eston &2en 8as1 frst1 t+at +e s+o)ld
dsl3e tobacco1 and not s'o3e 'ore t+an t+ree c&arettes a da"G later1 t+at
+e s+o)ld detest tobacco. ()&&estons $erfectl" carred o)t. C)re co'$lete
and fnal.
(ee also ,r. -)&ensc+'dt1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 2ol. #. (*A@?)1 $.
.*=G and 6etterstrand1 Rn&er1 Van Renter&+e' and Van Eeden1 oc. cit.
,30 A . T+ere are 'an" nstances of t+e c)re of 'or$+no'ana. I select
t+e follo8n& (recorded b" ,r. /arot n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
4ebr)ar" *A@;) on acco)nt of t+e $s"c+olo&cal nterest of t+e $atent5s o8n
re'ar3s.
T+e $atent 8as a 8o'an of t+rt"Cse2en1 'ot+er of f2e c+ldren1 and
s)bDect to 'or$+no'ana snce t+e a&e of t+rt"Cone.
%l8a"s of so'e8+at +"stercal te'$era'ent1 s+e +ad been snce t+e a&e
of t8ent"Cs# a +"sterc of t+e 'ost ad2anced t"$eG2olent attac3s1
anFst+esa of left sde and of $+ar"n#1 d'n)ton of 2s)al feld1 etc.G t+en
nsstence on 3ee$n& +er bed1 and constant dr)&&n&s 8t+ et+er1
c+lorofor'1 c+loral1 fnall" 8t+ nDectons of 'or$+a e2er" fe8 +o)rs.
E#+a)stonG l2dt"G cold s8eat and +all)cnatons f t+e nDecton 8as
deferred.
In *AA@ ,r. /arot 8as as3ed b" t+e $atent to +"$notse +er for
slee$lessness. -e s)cceededG and ne#t da" t occ)rred to +' to s)&&est to
+er n t+e trance to abstan alto&et+er fro' 'or$+a. T+e s)&&eston at once
s)cceeded1 and s+e ref)sed an nDecton on t+e follo8n& da". T+ere 8as
&reat dsco'fort1 as s )s)all" t+e case1 fro' t+e s)dden cessatonG b)t t+e
$atent1 to +er o8n e#tre'e s)r$rse1 ressted all rene8al of t+e $ractce.
E#tracts fro' +er $r2ate corres$ondence &2e an ns&+t nto +er state
of 'nd.
September .*st, *AA@.
One dea do'nates all ot+ers n '" 'ndJ t+e desre to 3no8 8+" I
+a2e no desre for 'or$+a. I s+o)ld be obl&ed ndeed to an" one 8+o
8o)ld tell 'e 8+"Z I +a2e al8a"s l3ed to )nderstand t+n&s1 and t s a real
so)rce of s)ffern& to 'e not to be able to &et at t+s. It s a f#ed dea1 a real
'ono'ana. If an" one s$ea3s to 'e of 'or$+a1 I ans8er as f t 8ere a
t+n& 8+c+ does not attract 'eG f I s)ffer fro' t+e 8ant of t1 I ne2er sa" to
'"self1 HIf onl" I +ad so'eZI !oG t+e dea ne2er co'es to 'e t+at I co)ld
easl" &et so'e. 6+" s t+sW I bele2e t+at f an" one 8s+ed to &2e 'e an"
I s+o)ld resst. One n&+t I drea't t+at so'e one +ad 'ade an nDecton1 and
t+e sensaton 8as so stron& t+at I 8o3e )$ 8t+ a D)'$ and s$ran& o)t of
bed1 feeln& '" ar's and le&s to see f t+ere 8as a 'ar3G I t+o)&+t t+at
$ossbl" I +ad +ad a ft of +"stercs1 and t+at a doctor +ad been called n and
+ad nDected 'e. Yo) can5t 'a&ne +o8 t+s fear dstressed 'e tll da"
ca'e1 8+en I co)ld reass)re '"self. %nd all da" I +a2e been tro)bled and
restlessG t+e 2er" noton t+at s)c+ a t+n& co)ld +a$$en 'a3es 'e tre'ble.9
!o8 t s to be re'ar3ed +ere t+at t+ere s $ractcall" no 'oral effort
called for. T+e s)&&eston1 8+ose effcac" $)NNled t+e $atent +erself1
o$erated1 as s+e nad2el" sad1 l3e an id;e $i0e. It 8as1 n fact1 an id;e $i0e/
b)t one '$lanted n +er for a &ood $)r$ose1 not s$ontaneo)s and +)rtf)l.
6etterstrand1 o)t of fo)rteen cases1 records ele2en c)res of
'or$+no'ana. In a $a$er n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, !o2e'ber *A@>1
+e dsc)sses t+e beneft of $rolon&ed +"$nossca)sn& t+e $atent to slee$
+i,JLK- for a 8ee3 or 'ore at a t'e8+c+ +e tred n one case. (ee also
Vosn1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, ,ece'ber *AAB1 $. *B;.
,3( A . P+obes are co'$le# e'otonal states n 8+c+ a feeln& of
abDect1 tort)rn&1 )nreflect2e fear $redo'nates. T+e obDect of t+s
)nconE)erable fear s so'e $artc)lar acton1 or so'e $artc)lar e2entG t+)s1
an offcer 8ll be able to cross t+e barrac3C"ard on +orsebac3 8t+o)t
dsco'fort1 b)t not to cross t on foot 8t+o)t +orrd $an&s and reeln& &atG
a 'edcal 'an1 e2er" t'e +e sends a8a" a $atent 8t+ a $rescr$ton1 8ll
fall nto an ntense fr&+t lest +e s+o)ld b" 'sta3e +a2e $rescrbed $oson.
*
Eac+ $rofesson1 e2er" 8al3 of lfe1 +as ts s$ecal $+obesG and alt+o)&+
se2eral +a2e rece2ed s$ecal na'es1 as a&ora$+oba1 cla)stro$+oba1 &c.1
t+ere s an ndefntel" lar&e 2aret" of t+e'. P+obes so'et'es a$$ear n
$eo$le 8+o are afflcted 8t+ no ot+er 'orbd s"'$to's. T+e" constt)te
t+en a s$ecal dsease n t+e'sel2es. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e" constt)te
freE)entl" b)t one o)t of 'an" s"'$to's of a dee$er ner2o)s deran&e'ent1
ne)rast+ena. T+e latter class are called phobies neurasth;niques b" t+e
4renc+ a)t+ors. T+e for'er +a2e been called b" GUlnea)
.
phobies
essentiees/ and 4re)d +as &2en to t+e state 8+c+ s s$ecall" fa2o)rable
to t+er e2ol)ton1a state entrel" dstnct1 accordn& to +'1 fro'
ne)rast+ena1t+e na'e of Angstneurose. %ccordn& to -artenber&
;
t+ese
$+obes cannot be c)red b" s)&&eston1 as t+er or&n s to be fo)nd n
or&anc deran&e'ents. -o8e2er t+s 'a" be1 t s at least certan t+at t+e
&reat 'aDort" of t+e $+obes 8+c+ +a2e been c)red b" +"$notc s)&&eston
are clearl" phobies neurasth;niques, and t s 'ost $robable t+at t+e
re'o2al of t+e $+oba 8ll arrest t+e de2elo$'ent of t+e ne)rast+ena1 and
contrb)te lar&el" to t+e restoraton of ne)ral stablt".
4or t+e )se of t+e $s"c+ot+era$e)tc 'et+od n t+e treat'ent of
ne)rast+ena see Bern+e'1 'ypnotisme/ suggestion/ &sycho,th;rapie (+e
e#$resses t+e o$non t+at n+erted ne)rast+ena s 2er" dffc)lt to c)re b"
s)&&eston1 f not nc)rable)G Bern+e'1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, *A@.1 $$.
.;1 ..?G 2on (c+renc3C!otNn&1 *ie psychische )ehandung der
Neurasthenie/ Van Renter&+e' and Van Eeden1 &sycho,th;rapie, $. *B. et
seq. (accordn& to t+ese a)t+ors e2en n+erted ne)rast+ena can be c)red
8t+ t'e1 tact1 and $atence)G 6etterstrand1 *er 'ypnotismus und seine
An#endung in der praBtischen 2edicin/ Rn&er1 8r$oge des
therapeutischen 'ypnotismus in der .andpra0is.
In all t+e cases D)st referred to1 t+e re'o2al of $+obes 8as ncdental +i,
JLL- to t+e c)re of t+e ne)rast+ena. In t+e follo8n& %$$endces I E)ote
so'e cases of t+e drect re'o2al of $+obes b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
,3( B . In t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7)l" *A@@1 $. **1 ,r. Vla2anos
re$orts a case of a&ora$+oba c)red b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
Vctor L.1 fft"Ct8o "ears old. Bad +eredtar" condtons. -s fat+er 8as
2er" rrtableG +s 'ot+er alsoG s+e besdes +ad a tc and freE)ent +eadac+es.
Grandfat+er ded at BcOtre as"l)'. L. s one of nne c+ldren1 se2en of
8+o' ded of con2)lsons. -e +as +ad t8o c+ldren1 one of 8+o' ded of
con2)lsonsG t+e ot+er +as 3le$to'ana. 4ro' t+e a&e of t8ent"Cone L.
dran3 ''oderatel"G after 2aro)s accdents1 $ara$le&a set nG t+s $assed
off at t+e end of s# 'ont+s. T+e frst t'e +e atte'$ted to &o o)t after +s
reco2er" +e fo)nd +e co)ld not re'an on +s terrace nor loo3 at t+e +orNon
8t+o)t &ddness and terror. -e co)ld not cross an o$en s$ace or a brd&e.
-e 8as eE)all" afrad of &on& n a tra'car or a carra&e. -s terror 8as
')c+ 'ore ntense n lonel" t+an n b)s" streets. -e 8as also afrad of
re'ann& alone. %t c+)rc+ t+e so)nd of t+e or&an terrfed +'. In t+s case
8e see a&ora$+oba1 ')sco$+oba1 &c. (tran&e to sa"1 +e +ad no fear of
e'$t" s$ace n t+e co)ntr"1 b)t onl" n t+e to8n. Besdes t+s1 t+ere 8ere
del)sons of $ersec)ton and all sorts of eccentrctes. (# sUances of
+"$notc s)&&eston re'o2ed t+e a&ora$+oba1 so t+at t+e $atent co)ld
8al3 abo)t t+e bo)le2ards n co'fort1 e2en )nacco'$aned. T+e ot+er
$+obes 8ere s)ccess2el" re'o2ed. T+e c)re 8as co'$lete.
(ee also Vla2anos1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, %$rl *A@@1 $. .@@G
Godorc+Ne1 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, *A@;1 $. ?;G GUlnea)1 ,e
l5-U'ato$+obe19 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, *A@;1 $. ;@.
,3( C . In t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7)ne *A@;1 ,r. /a2ro)3a3s
re$orts a case of a&ora$+oba c)red b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
7)les 7.1 s#t"Cfo)r "ears old. !o +eredtar" antecedents. Venereal
e#cesses fro' t+e a&e of fo)rteen. -as al8a"s s'o3ed ''oderatel".
Contracted "ello8 fe2er n BraNl. !o $+"scal st&'ata of de&eneratonG
farl" &ood ntellect and 'e'or"G freE)ent &ddness1 $robabl" d)e to t+e
)se of tobacco. %t t+e a&e of ten +e +ad 'orbd a2ersons for 3n2es1
scssors1 &c. Later t+ese fears 8a#ed 'ore ntenseG +e co)ld not 2ent)re
nto t+e street )nacco'$aned. %t t+e sa'e t'e a$$eared '$)ls2e
obsessons. T+)s1 8+le on a stea'er1 +e s)ddenl" felt an '$)lse to D)'$
o2erboard and dro8n +'self1 8+c+ +e 8as onl" D)st able to n+bt. In +s
o8n 8ordsJ +e s afrad of e#tended s$ace.9 -e cannot cross a sE)are1 nor
8al3 alone n t+e streetsG +e s afrad of fear1 e2en n +s drea's. -e does
not dare to &o o)t alone1 lest so'e accdent s+o)ld +a$$en. -e fears t+e
)n3no8n. %nd "et +e s n ot+er 8a"s a 2er" co)ra&eo)s 'an. -e 8ll r)s+
t+ro)&+ fla'es to sa2e $eo$le fro' b)rnn& al2e. -e +as n BraNl n)rsed
'an" cases of "ello8 fe2er 8t+o)t &2n& a t+o)&+t to +s o8n dan&er. -e
s of an nE)rn& t)rn of 'nd1 tres to dsco2er reasons for e2er"t+n&1 b)t
cannot fnd an" for +s 'orbd fears.
()&&eston n t+e 8a3n& and t+e +"$notc state bro)&+t abo)t a 'ar3ed
'$ro2e'ent1 8+c+ &a2e +o$es of a co'$lete c)re. %fter t+rteen +"$notc
sUances +e 8as able to &o o)t alone1 cross t+e streets and t+e sE)ares1 tra2el
on t+e to$ of an o'nb)s 8t+o)t an" '$)lse to t+ro8 +'self o2er t+e
sde.
+i,JLM-
,3( D . In a $a$er On I'$erat2e Ideas19 $)bls+ed n )rain (()''er
and %)t)'n1 *A@?)1 ,r. Bra'8ell &2es a bref +storcal acco)nt and
dsc)sson of dfferent 2aretes of $+obes1 &c.1 and a lst of references to
t+e 'ost '$ortant $a$ers on t+e s)bDect. -e descrbes t+e effect of
+"$notc s)&&eston on 'an" cases1 ncl)dn& ten treated b" +'self. In one
of t+ese t+e $atent1 an at+letc and stron& 'an1 8+ose 'ot+er +ad ded fro'
cancer of t+e breast1 contracted a dread of t+s dsease 8+c+ de2elo$ed nto
a fr' con2cton t+at +s left breast 8as nfected b" t. -e s$ent +s da"s
confned al'ost contn)all" n one roo'1 and 8o)ld not $ass nto anot+er
8t+o)t ')ffln& +'self )$ and $)ttn& on an o2ercoat. -s +ealt+ nat)rall"
s)fferedG +s ')scles 8ere &rad)all" 8astn& fro' ds)se. %ll +s 'orbd
deas 8ere re'o2ed b" +"$notc s)&&eston. -e 8as entrel" c)red n a
'ont+1 and s)ffered no rela$se.
%not+er 'an s)ffered ac)tel" fro' t+e f#ed dea t+at e2er" one notced
and crtcsed +'1 and +e 8o)ld bl)s+ 8+ene2er loo3ed at. T+s 'orbd
selfCconsco)sness1 8+c+ tort)red +'1 and 'ade +' c+ers+ deas of
s)cde1 8as fnall" re'o2ed b" +"$notc s)&&eston.
One lad"1 8+o +ad been a slee$C8al3er n &rl+ood1 +ad so $ersstent a
dread of +a2n& attac3s of so'na'b)ls'1 t+at s+e co)ld not &o to slee$
)nless s+e 8ere sec)rel" ted to t+e bed$osts. !o ar&)'ent1 +o8e2er ')c+
s+e '&+t reco&nse ts lo&cal co&enc"1 co)ld a2al to re'o2e +er baseless
fears. (+e 8as frst +"$notsed for nso'na1 and t8o 'ont+s later a sn&le
s)&&est2e treat'ent co'$letel" c)red +er 'orbd fears of slee$C8al3n&.
T+e 'ost re'ar3able case n t+s &ro)$1 bot+ fro' ts clncal nterest
and ts t+era$e)tc '$ortance1 s )ndo)btedl" t+at of /r. G.1 a&ed t8ent"C
e&+t.
-s fat+er 8as 2er" ner2o)s and $assonate1 and +ad s)ffered fro'
bran fe2er9 and c+orea. T+e $atent s sl&+t and )ndersNed1 and s)ffers
fro' 2aro)s ne)rast+enc s"'$to's. %t t+e a&e of fo)rteen +e +ad 'an"
rel&o)s do)bts and fears1 and bele2ed +e +ad co''tted t+e )n$ardonable
sn. %t t+e a&e of s#teen1 8+le 8or3n& n a cocoa 'an)factor"1 +e be&an
to fear t+at t+e red lead 8+c+ 8as )sed n fastenn& certan +ot $$es '&+t
&et nto t+e tns contann& cocoa1 and so $oson $eo$le. T+s 8as t+e
co''ence'ent of a $oie du doute and d;ire du toucher 8+c+ +a2e ne2er
snce left +'. Instead of &on& on 8t+ +s 8or31 +e 8as rresstbl"
'$elled to clean and reCclean t+e tns. T+e follo8n& s ta3en fro' t+e
letter of a frend to 8+o' +e confded +s tro)blesJ On October *st1 *A@*1
+e told 'e t+at +e +ad atte'$ted to co''t s)cde1 as +s lfe 8as so
'serable L+e +ad ta3en $osonM. -e +ad read of a case of $osonn& t+ro)&+
eatn& c+ocolate1 and connected +'self 8t+ t1 t+o)&+ t 8as f2e "ears
snce +e +ad +el$ed to 'an)fact)re an". -e no8 bele2ed +e '&+t +a2e
been careless 8t+ t+e 'o)lds1 and t+)s +a2e $rod)ced a $osoned
c+ocolate1 8+c+ "ears after8ards +ad ca)sed t+e c+ld5s deat+Z T+e
&rotesE)e abs)rdt" of t+e stor"1 as +e related t to 'e1 8o)ld +a2e 'ade 'e
la)&+1 +ad I not felt +o8 terrbl" real t 8as to +'. -s 22d +i,JLN-
'a&naton +ad $ct)red e2er" ncdent of t+e tra&ed"G t+e c+ld b)"n& t+e
c+ocolate1 r)nnn& +o'e f)ll of +a$$ness1 t+en beco'n& ll1 and &rad)all"
sc3enn& n a8f)l a&on" tll released b" deat+. T+e 3eenness of 'nd 8t+
8+c+ +e so)&+t to $ro2e t+e reasonableness of +s belef t+at +e +ad
$osoned t+e c+ld 8as e#traordnar". -e 8roteJ HYesterda" I 8as
)nscre8n& so'e &as b)rners n a $ro2son s+o$ and &ot so'e 8+te lead
on '" +ands1 and I +a2e been t+n3n& t+at t 'a" +a2e &ot a'on&st t+e
food.I I fo)nd t+at broodn& o2er t+s fanc" +ad bro)&+t +' to t+e 2er&e of
des$ar1 and for 8ee3s +s lfe 8as a $er$et)al a&on". -e 8orred +'self
abo)t +s 8or3 of f#n& ad2ertse'ent $lates to 8alls1 and can ne2er
$ers)ade +'self t+at t+e" are sec)rel" fastened. -e fances t+e nals are
bad1 or t+e 'ortar loose1 and 'a3es +'self ll o2er t. I +a2e $onted o)t to
+' t+at f a $late fell1 t 8o)ld al'ost ne2tabl" slde do8n t+e 8all. T+s
+as not $re2ented +' fro' $antn& a 'ost elaborate 'ental $ct)re of t+e
deca$taton of an )nfort)nate "o)n&ster 8+o +a$$ened to be $la"n&
'arbles 8t+ +s +ead a&anst t+e 8all. To en)'erate all +s tro)bles 8o)ld
ta3e a s'all 2ol)'e. I +a2e a &reat $le of +s letters before 'e no81 and I
s)$$ose t+e" constt)te one of t+e 'ost e#traordnar" anal"tcal
a)tobo&ra$+es t 8o)ld be $ossble to fnd. In readn& t+e' I cannot +el$
'ar2elln& at t+e stran&e )ns+a$el" 8onder of s)c+ an 'a&naton. -e
'a3es e2er" ncdent n +s lfe t+e fo)ndaton stone of a castle of fances1
and of late "ears eac+ castle +as beco'e a $rsona tort)reCc+a'ber n
8+c+ +e +as dssected +s 'ot2es and +s actons )ntl +e +as ceased to
bele2e n +'self at all.9
6+en I frst sa8 t+s $atent t+e $oie du doute and d;ire du toucher
8ere constant and 'ost 2ared n t+er 'anfestatons. If +e accdentall"
to)c+ed $ersons n t+e street1 +e be&an to fear t+at +e '&+t +a2e nD)red
t+e'1 and e#a&&erated t+e to)c+ nto a 'ore or less 2olent $)s+. If t+e
$erson to)c+ed 8ere a 8o'an1 +e feared t+at s+e '&+t +a2e been $re&nant1
and t+at +e '&+t +a2e nD)red t+e c+ld. If +e sa8 a $ece of oran&e $eel on
t+e $a2e'ent1 +e 3c3ed t nto t+e road1 b)t soon after8ards be&an to t+n3
t+s 8as a 'ore dan&ero)s $lace1 as an" one sl$$n& on t '&+t str3e +s
+ead a&anst t+e c)rbCstone1 and so +e 8as rresstbl" '$elled to ret)rn and
$)t t n ts for'er $oston. %t one t'e +e )sed to bnd +'self to $erfor'
certan acts1 b" 2o8n& +e 8o)ld &2e God +s 'one" f +e dd not do t+e'.
T+en so'et'es +e 8as )ncertan f +e +ad 2o8ed or not. O8n& to t+s +e
&a2e s)'s to rel&o)s obDects 8+c+ 8ere E)te ds$ro$ortonate to +s
nco'e. %$art fro' +s $ec)lar fances I fo)nd t+e $atent $erfectl" ratonal
and ntell&ent1 and t+o)&+ +s d;ire du toucher +ndered +' &reatl" n +s
8or31 +e &enerall" 'ana&ed to e#ec)te t1 t+o)&+ on so'e occasons +e 8as
co'$elled to abandon t+e atte'$t. %t t+s t'e I tred to +"$notse +' on
t8ent"Cfo)r occasons1 b)t a$$arentl" 8t+o)t s)ccess1 and +e 8as t+en
co'$elled to lea2e to8n. -e ret)rned on %$rl .nd1 *A@?1 for a 8ee35s
f)rt+er treat'ent1 and told 'e t+at snce +s for'er 2st +s 'orbd deas
+ad not been so freE)ent and 'ar3ed1 and 8ere acco'$aned 8t+ less
'ental a&on". -s condton1 +o8e2er1 lea2es ')c+ to be desred.
,r. Bra'8ell nfor's 'e t+at t+s $atent +as snce reco2ered.
,33 A . 4ro' ,r. 7. /lne Bra'8ell5s 6+at s -"$nots'W9
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .<*.
%lt+o)&+ Brad and Bern+e' dffer on 'an" $onts L8t+ re&ard to t+e
t+eor" of +"$nots'M1 t+e" are n co'$lete a&ree'ent as to t+e 'an factor
n +i,JLO- t+e $roble'. %ccordn& to bot+1 t+e essental condton s one of
mono,ideism. T+e 'nd of t+e s)bDect s concentrated on a sn&le dea. Onl"
one f)ncton s act2e at an" one t'eG and ntensel" so1 beca)se all t+e
attenton s &2en to t. Ot+er f)nctons are nact2e1 ot+er sensatons
)n$erce2ed1 beca)se t+e s)bDect +as no attenton left to &2e to t+e'.Y
In reference to t+s1 G)rne" sa"s1 t+e ener&" of attenton s not a f#ed
E)antt"1 bo)nd to be al8a"s n o$eraton n one drecton or anot+erG nor
does t+e +)'an 'nd1 an" 'ore tr)l" t+an !at)re1 ab+or a 2ac))'.Y 6+at
do 8e &an1 t+en1 b" e'$lo"n& a &eneral ter' to descrbe s)c+ s$ecal
effectsW 6+en once t+e c+andeler 'eta$+or s abandoned8+en once t s
reco&nsed t+at n a ')ltt)de of cases t+e E)antt" of attenton t)rned on n
one drecton s n no 8a" connected 8t+ t+e 8t+dra8al fro' an" ot+er
t+e dea of a co''on $s"c+c factor see's o)t of $lace and 'sleadn&.9
((ee &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. .=B1 .==.)
T+s t+eoretcal obDecton s n accordance 8t+ obser2ed facts.
,o)btless certan +"$notc states e#st n 8+c+ all t+e attenton1 so far as t
s called nto acton1 s concentrated )$on one dea. In order to $ro2e1
+o8e2er1 t+at drectn& t+e attenton )$on a fres+ $ont necessarl"
8t+dra8s t entrel" fro' anot+er1 t ')st be s+o8n t+at t+e $+eno'enon
8+c+ res)lted fro' t+e frst concentraton ne2tabl" ceased 8+en t+e
second one arose. % c)taneo)s anal&esa of t+e ar' '&+t1 8t+ so'e s+o8
of reason1 be sad to res)lt fro' attenton drected to t+e ')scles d)rn&
s)&&ested catale$s"1 on t+e &ro)nd t+at no attenton 8as left 8+ere8t+ to
attend to $anf)l sensatons. B)t1 8+le t+e catale$s" stll e#sts1 +o8on
t+s t+eor"can one e#$lan1 for e#a'$le1 a c)taneo)s tactle +"$erFst+esa
of t+e sa'e l'b1 b" 'eans of 8+c+ t+e s)bDect can dstn&)s+ t+e $onts
of t+e co'$ass at +alf t+e nor'al dstanceW If t+e s)bDect s )nconsco)s of
$anf)l sensatons beca)se +s attenton s entrel" concentrated on +s
')sc)lar condton1 t+s sa'e lac3 of attenton to t+e s3n o)&+t not onl" to
+a2e $re2ented abnor'al dstnctness of tactle '$ressons1 b)t also to +a2e
n+bted t+e )s)al ones. T+e e#$er'ent can be stll f)rt+er co'$lcated1
for1 8+le stll $er'ttn& t+e catale$s" to $ersst1 t+e c)taneo)s tactle
+"$erFst+esa can be assocated b" s)&&eston 8t+ a c)taneo)s anal&esa
o2er t+e sa'e area. !o8 t+e s)bDect5s 8+ole attenton cannot be drected to
'antann& a condton of ')sc)lar r&dt"1 f +e +as stll eno)&+ of t left
to s)ffce1 not onl" for t+e ncreased $erce$ton of certan tactle sensatons1
b)t also for t+e selecton and n+bton of ot+er $anf)l ones. 4)rt+er1 t+e
o$$oste of t+ese $+eno'ena can be s')ltaneo)sl" e2o3ed on t+e ot+er
sde of t+e bod"J t+e $atent5s ')scles be $aral"sed b" s)&&eston1 +s tactle
sensblt" abols+ed1 and +s sensblt" to $an ncreased. T+e attenton s
no8 drected to s# dfferent $onts1 and co)ld 8t+ eE)al ease be
s')ltaneo)sl" drected to 'an" ot+ers. % $s"c+c blndness1 for e#a'$le1
co)ld be s)&&ested on one sdeG a $s"c+c deafness on t+e ot+erG
+"$erFst+esa of t+e sense of s'ell and taste on one sde1 and d'ns+ed or
abols+ed sensblt" on t+e ot+er1 &c.1 &c. B)t t+s s not all1 for 8+le t+e
attenton s $res)'abl" t)rned n all t+ese dfferent drectons1 t+e s)bDect
'a" be en&a&ed n t+e atte'$ted sol)ton of so'e ntellect)al $roble'. %
stll f)rt+er co'$lcaton s $ossble. Let )s s)$$ose t+at a fortn&+t before1
n a $re2o)s +"$noss1 a s)&&eston to record t+e t'e at t+e e#$raton of
.>1.*; 'n)tes +ad been 'adeG t+s 8ll be carred o)t1 des$te t+e
e#stence of t+e 2aro)s ')sc)lar and sensoral condtons alread" referred
to1 and t+e fact t+at at t+e 'o'ent of ts f)lfl'ent t+e $atent s en&a&ed n
so'e ot+er 'ental effort.
+i,JMP-
T+s $ct)re of t+e +"$notc state s net+er fancf)l nor de$endent solel"
on '" o8n $ersonal obser2aton. T+e fact t+at n)'ero)s and 2ared
+"$notc $+eno'ena can be s')ltaneo)sl" e2o3ed n t+e sa'e s)bDect +as
been re$eatedl" obser2ed and recorded b" ot+ers1 and1 stran&e to sa"1 e2en
b" t+ose 8+o atte'$t to e#$lan +"$noss b" t+e concentraton of t+e
attenton )$on a sn&le $ont. It s solel" t+e '$ortance of t+ese facts 8t+
re&ard to t+s $artc)lar t+eor" 8+c+ +as +t+erto been so lar&el"
o2erloo3ed.
Grantn& t+at +"$notc $+eno'ena are t+e res)lt of c+an&es n t+e
attenton1 one s forced to concl)de t+at t+ese are t+e e#act re2erse of t+ose
stated b" Bern+e' as e#$lanator" of t+e +"$notc state.Y T+e +"$notc
condton dffers fro' t+e nor'al1 not beca)se onl" one $+eno'enon can be
'anfested n t at once1 b)t beca)se t 'a" $resent s')ltaneo)sl" 'an"
and 'ore 2ared $+eno'ena t+an can be e2o3ed n t+e nor'al state at an"
one t'e. In one 8ord1 +"$noss s a state of poy,ideism, not of mono,
ideism.
,3+ A . In so'e artcles n t+e 7evue &hiosophique, $)bls+ed n *AAB
and *AA=1 ,elbQ)f descrbed so'e e#$er'ents 8t+ t8o 'adCser2ants of
+s o8n1 8+o' +e calls /. and 7. Bot+ 8ere stron& +ealt+" $easant &rls
8+o +ad freE)entl" been +"$notsed and 8ere &ood so'na'b)les (see also
,,1 B .). T+e follo8n& e#$er'ent 8as 'ade 8t+ 7. %fter e#$lann& 8+at
+e $ro$osed to do and obtann& +er consent n t+e 8a3n& state1 ,elbQ)f
+"$notsed +er1 e#tended +er ar's on a table1 and s)&&ested t+at t+e r&+t
ar' s+o)ld be nsensble to $an. Eac+ ar' 8as t+en b)rnt 8t+ a redC+ot
bar of ron1 A ''. n da'eter1 t+e e#tent and d)raton of ts a$$lcaton
ben& t+e sa'e n bot+1 b)t $an ben& felt n t+e left ar' alone. T+e b)rns
8ere banda&ed and 7. 8as sent to bed. ,)rn& t+e n&+t t+e $an n t+e left
ar' contn)ed1 and ne#t 'ornn& t+ere 8as a 8o)nd on t1 ; c'. n
da'eter1 8t+ an o)ter crcle of nfla'ed blsters. On t+e r&+t t+ere 8as
onl" a defned esc+ar1 t+e e#act sNe of t+e ron and 8t+o)t nfla''aton or
redness. T+e da" follo8n& t+e left ar' 8as stll 'ore $anf)l and nfla'edG
anal&esa 8as t+en s)ccessf)ll" s)&&ested1 8+en t+e 8o)nd soon dred and
t+e nfla''aton dsa$$eared. T+)s n t+e or&nall" $anless 8o)nd t+ere
8as at frst ')c+ less nfla''aton and a 'ore ra$d +ealn& t+an n t+e1
$anf)l one.
,3+ B . ,elbQ)f5s e#$er'ent s)&&ests t+at n 'an" of t+e re'ar3able
+"$notc c)res recorded n t+e Soist (as 8ell as n 'odern cases) t+e
re'o2al of $an 8as $robabl" an '$ortant ele'ent n t+e c)reG see e.g.
c)res of nfla''aton (Soist, 2ol. #. $. ;<=)G of ne)ral&a and c+ronc
r+e)'ats' (2ol. #. $$. =<K=@)G of abdo'nal $ans (2ol. #. $. *??)G of tc
do)lo)re)# (2ol. 2. $. *A?)G of se2ere +eadac+es (2ol. #. $. ;B@)G of
ecNe'a '$et&nodes (2ol. #. $. @B).
T+e &eneral s)bDect of +"$notc anal&esa s str3n&l" ll)strated b"
Esdale5s 8ellC3no8n 8or3 n t+e Indan +os$talsG see +s boo3s1
2esmerism in (ndia (London1 *A<B)G The (ntroduction o$ 2esmerism #ith
Sanction o$ :overnment into the &ubic 'ospitas o$ (ndia (.nd edt.
London1 *A?B)G Natura and 2esmeric Cairvoyance (London1 *A?.)G +i,
JMG- and constant references to +' n t+e Soist. Brad also 'ade e#tens2e
)se of t.
%fter t+er $erod1 t+e s)bDect san3 nto obl2on1 )ntl t+e +"$notc
re22al of t+e last t8ent" "ears1 b)t t s no8 too 8ell reco&nsed to need
dsc)sson. %s an nstance I 'a" refer to ,r. Bra'8ell5s de'onstraton n
*A@> to t+e leadn& doctors and dentsts of Leeds of t+e )se of +"$nots' as
an anFst+etc n e#tractn& t+e st)'$s of s#teen teet+ at one o$eraton1 and
n t+e s)r&cal dressn& of a lar&e1 dee$Cseated abscess n t+e c+ee3. To
so'e $atents 8+o +ad been often +"$notsed1 t 8as s)ffcent to send a
co''and b" letter t+at t+e" s+o)ld &o to slee$ at once and obe" t+e
dentst5s order d)rn& an o$eraton1 8+c+ 8as conseE)entl" $anless. ((ee
)ritish 2edica 1ourna , %$rl ?1 *A@>1 $. A>*.) Later1 ,r. Bra'8ell
s+o8ed a case n 8+c+ /r. -. Bendelac3 -e8etson +ad $erfor'ed t+e
s)r&cal o$eraton for correctn& a sE)nt )nder t+e anFst+esa of +"$nots'
onl"G and /r. -e8etson stated t+at +e +ad fo)nd s)c+ anFst+esa co'$lete
n 'an" ot+er s)r&cal o$eratons on t+e e"e. ((ee )ritish 2edica 1ourna,
4ebr)ar" .A1 *A@*1 $$. <B>K<BA.)
/an" nstances of t+e )se of +"$nots' n t+e relef of $ans arsn&
fro' a 2aret" of ca)ses are &2en n 2an Renter&+e' and 2an Eeden5s
&sycho,th;rapie, $$. .B.K.A>.
,3+ C . T+e follo8n& case re$orted b" ,elbQ)f n t+e 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, !o2e'ber *A@*1 $. *;.1 s+o8s t+at s)&&eston n t+e nor'al
8a3n& state 'a" be s)ffcent to s)$$ress $an.
/r. 7.1 an old 'an of e&+t"1 +ad been s)ffern& fro' facal ne)ral&a for
t8ent" "ears. -e +ad +ad 'ost of +s teet+ e#tracted1 and besdes +alf an
nc+ of t+e s)$erorbc)lar ner2e re'o2ed. -e a$$led n t+e last resort to
,elbQ)f. T+e LP&e $rofessor dd not at frst 8s+ to +"$notse so old a
'an1 8+o '&+t +a2e ded s)ddenl" n +s c+ar n t+e absence of an"
doctor. (o'e da"s later1 +o8e2er1 ,elbQ)f1 acco'$aned b" a 'edcal
frend1 2sts 7. T+e" fnd +' all +)ddled )$ n +s ar'Cc+ar1 s)ffern&
ntensel". 7. +ad a $lentf)l beard and t+c3 e"ebro8s. /erel" to to)c+ t+e
+ars of +s beard and e"ebro8s ca)sed +' ntense s)ffern&. 7. tells of +s
'art"rdo' n detal. ()ddenl" ,elbQ)f1 t)rnn& to8ards t+e doctor1 sa"sJ
Yo) see t+s 'an. 6ellZ all +s s)ffern&s are abo)t to cease.9 T+en
loo3n& steadl" nto 7.5s e"es1 ,elbQ)f la"s 2olentl" +old of +s beard and
$)lls t1 cr"n&J Yo) don5t feel an" 'ore $anG nor 8ll "o) n f)t)reZ9 7.
felt no $an. ,elbQ)f $)lls 7.5s 'o)stac+e and e"ebro8s1 $resses +s fn&ers
)$on 7.5s $aral"sed c+ee3. !o s&n of s)ffern&. ,elbQ)f reE)ests t+e doctor
to do t+e sa'e1 8t+ t+e sa'e res)lt. T+e ne)ral&c $ans ne2er ret)rned.
(ee also a $a$er b" /r. C. /. Barro8s1 enttled ()&&eston 8t+o)t
-"$nots'J an acco)nt of e#$er'ents n $re2entn& or s)$$ressn& $an9 n
t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .*. 4a+nestoc3 at an earler date s+o8ed
t+at $an 'a" so'et'es be entrel" s)$$ressed b" selfCs)&&eston.
,3+ D . ,r. -a'lton Os&ood re$orts fo)r cases of ecNe'a c)red b"
+"$notc s)&&eston (7evue de Q'ypnotisme, *A@?1 $. ;>>)1 and t see's +i,
JMH- $robable t+at n t+e follo8n& e#traordnar" case of t+e c)re of sycosis
menti, t+e c)re 8as effected b" essentall" s'lar 'eans. T+e s)fferer 8as a
privat docent at t+e )n2erst" of /osco8. ,)rn& t+e nne 'ont+s 8+c+
+s dsease lasted +e cons)lted t+e 'ost e'nent der'atolo&sts of
Ger'an"1 %)stra1 and R)ssa. T+e" )nan'o)sl" da&nosed s"coss. !o
treat'ent bro)&+t +' an" +el$. -e at last cons)lted a 8se 8o'an19 8+o
declared t+at +s dsease co)ld be c)red b" $ra"er. -e acco'$aned +er to a
c+)rc+1 8+ere s+e $ra"ed for t+ree or fo)r 'n)tesG t+e sa'e $rocess 8as
re$eated n t+e e2enn& and on t+e t8o follo8n& da"s. %'eloraton +ad set
n al'ost nstantl"G on t+e t+rd da" +e 8as so 8ell t+at +e 8as able to be
s+a2ed.
4or a dsc)sson of t+e case fro' 2aro)s $onts of 2e8 see BUrllon1
7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7an)ar" *A@B1 $. *@?G ,elbQ)f1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, 4ebr)ar" *A@B1 $. ..?G ,)rand (de Gros)1 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, *A@B1 $. ;=. It 8as also E)oted n t+e )ritish 2edica 1ourna
for !o2e'ber *Bt+1 *A@?.
,3+ E . T+e )se of +"$notc anal&esa n accouchements 8as 8ell
3no8n to t+e earl" 'es'ersts. % t"$cal nstance 8ll be fo)nd n t+e Soist,
2ol. #. $. @*. 4a+nestoc3 also $ractsed t (see Statuvoism, $. ;*?). %'on&
recent cases I 'a" 'enton t+at of a &rl of abo)t ffteen1 recorded b" ,r. G.
C. Rn&sb)r" n t+e )ritish 2edica 1ourna, *A@*1 $. <B>. Ot+ers +a2e
been recorded fro' t'e to t'e n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, e.g. b"
/esnet (%)&)st *AA=)G b" 4anton (!o2e'ber *A@>)G b" ,elbQ)f (%$rl
*A@*)1 t+e $atent ben& 7.19 t+e s)bDect referred to n ,3+ A , and t+s ben&
+er frst confne'entG b" ,)'ont$aller (,ece'ber *A@*)G n t+s case t+e
$atent 8as a8a3e and f)ll" consco)s d)rn& t+e last $erod of t+e
confne'ent1 b)t t+e $an 8as entrel" a2erted b" s)&&estonG b" Vosn
(7)ne *A@B). In t+e sa'e 7evue (7)ne *A@.)1 Bo)rdon re$orted a case n
8+c+ b" +"$notc s)&&eston +e +ad arrested contractons 8+c+ +ad be&)n
and $ost$oned t+e confne'ent for a 8ee3.
7ore and Bo)rdon +a2e a$$led 8t+ s)ccess a 'et+od of 8a3n&
s)&&eston 8+c+1 t+e" contend1 can be )sed at a 'o'ent5s notce1 8t+o)t
s$ecall" trann& t+e s)bDect. (ee 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, acco)nt b" 7ore
(%)&)st *A@A1 $$. ;@K?@)G b" Bo)rdon (,ece'ber *A@@1 $$. *=BK*A*).
,3, A . T+e follo8n& cases (E)oted fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $.
.>@1 /arc+ *A@<) ndcate t+at t+e $an s)$$ressed b" anFst+etcs 'a"
)nder so'e crc)'stances be re'e'bered after8ards.
(*) On !o2e'ber ;rd1 *A@;1 a 'ddleCa&ed 8o'an 8as o$erated on for
a bon" t)'o)r of t+e )$$er Da8. (+e 8as1 of co)rse1 )nder an anFst+etc.
6+en s+e a8o3e1 after co'$leton of t+e o$eraton1 s+e sad s+e +ad no
recollecton 8+ate2er of 8+at +ad occ)rred. 6+en I called on +er1 on
!o2e'ber =t+1 s+e sad s+e +ad +ad se2ere ne)ral&a d)rn& t+e n&+t n t+e
st)aton of t+e o$eraton. ,)rn& t+e contn)ance of t+s $an1 and 8+le
+alf a8a3e and +alf aslee$1 s+e t+o)&+t s+e co)ld follo8 eac+ ste$ of t+e
o$eraton of !o2e'ber ;rd. +i,JMI- (+e descrbed t+e c)ttn& and sl$$n&
of t+e steel c+sel1 t+e blo8s of t+e 'allet1 and scra$n& bac3 of t+e &)'
n fact1 t see'ed to +er t+at s+e )nder8ent t+e 8+ole o$eraton a&an.
(.) % lad" to 8+o' I told t+e abo2e sad s+e once too3 &as9 for a toot+
e#tracton. T+s 8as E)te s)ccessf)l1 for s+e felt not+n&.9 B)t on an
occason s)bseE)ent to t+s s+e +ad a ret)rn of toot+ac+eso'e t'e n t+e
n&+t. (+e declared t+at s+e co)ld t+en feel all t+e s"'$to's of beco'n&
)nconsco)s 8+le n+aln& t+e &asG t+en ca'e t+e d&&n& of t+e force$s to
&et a &r$ on t+e toot+1 t+e 8renc+1 and a8f)l $ane2er" detal 8as felt9
no81 alt+o)&+ +er 8a3n& consco)sness +ad been E)te )na8are of an"
$an d)rn& t+e act)al e#tracton.
(;) I +a2e 'an" t'es noted t+at $eo$le 8+le anFst+etsed1 8+o do not
feel $an n t+e ordnar" sense1 and 8+o on co'n& to t+e'sel2es declare
t+at t+e" dd feel no $an d)rn& t+e o$eraton1 +a2e str)&&led1 &roaned1
s$o3en1 or &2en so'e ot+er e2dence t+at so'e strat)' of t+er
consco)sness 8as a8a3e d)rn& t+e anFst+esa1 and 8as ben& '$ressed
b" t+e $an of t+e o$eraton.
T+e abo2e a$$ears to s+o8 t+at t+e s)bl'nal consco)sness does ta3e
note of 8+at s &on& on1 8+le t+e 8or3CaCda" self s obl2o)s to all
e#ternal st')l 8+en )nder t+e nfl)ence of an anFst+etcG and t+at t+e
'e'or" of t+s s)bl'nal self 'a" be bro)&+t to t+e s)rface b" so'e
a$$ro$rate st')l)s1 s)c+ as t+e ne)ral&a1 8+c+1 8e 'a" note1 occ)rred
bet8een slee$n& and 8a3n&t+at s1 at a t'e 8+en t+e s)bl'nal s
'ore act2e t+an t+e s)$ral'nal strat)' of o)r consco)s $ersonalt".Y
Note to Case (.T+e $atent dd not see t+e o$erator5s nstr)'ents at all1
nor 8as s+e told after t+e o$eraton +o8 t 8as done1 b)t 'erel" t+at t+e
t)'o)r +ad been c)t a8a" entrel" and s)ccessf)ll". !o one 8as $resent at
t+e o$eraton e#ce$t t+e $atent1 o$erator1 and '"self. T+e o$eraton 8as
descrbed b" t+e $atent as acc)ratel" as a nonC'edcal $erson 8as l3el" to
do. It 'a" be t+o)&+t t+at s+e 8as enabled to descrbe t+e o$eraton b" +er
22d 'a&natonG b)t )nder t+e crc)'stances I s+o)ld re&ard t+s 22d
'a&naton9 as onl" anot+er na'e for +er s)bl'nal 'e'or".
6t+ re&ard to Case II.1 as I 8as not $resent d)rn& t+e e#tracton of t+e
teet+1 I 3no8 none of t+e detals.
In eac+ of t+ese t8o cases I 8as1 of co)rse1 caref)l not to s)&&est to t+e
$atent t+e detals of t+e o$eratons)c+ as ,d "o) feel t+s or t+atW9 I
'erel" as3ed t+e' t8ce o2er to tell 'e 8+at t+e" felt. Bot+ t+e $atents
8ere t+oro)&+l" )nder t+e nfl)ence of t+e anFst+etcc+lorofor' n t+e
frst case1 and ntro)s o#de &as n t+e second.
C. T-EO,ORE GREE!1
/.R.C.(.1 L.R.C.P.1 London.
(ee also La)rent5s *es 8tats Seconds ($. ;=)1 8+ere t+e detals of an
o$eraton )nder c+lorofor' 8ere reco2ered n a drea'.
,3, B . On t+e ot+er +and1 co'$are t+e follo8n& case recorded b" ,r.
7. /lne Bra'8ell n +s Personall" obser2ed +"$notc P+eno'ena9
(&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. *@;).
/ss %. I +ad freE)entl" +"$notsed t+s $atent and co)ld nfl)ence b"
s)&&eston1 not onl" t+e 2ol)ntar" ')scles1 b)t also t+e s$ecal senses. On
a8a3enn& s+e co)ld al8a"s recall 8+at +ad $assed1 des$te s)&&estons to
t+e contrar". %t a later date I fo)nd I co)ld 'a3e +er anal&esc b"
s)&&eston. +i,JMJ- To)c+n& t+e cornea1 $assn& needles dee$l" nto t+e
fles+1 and $robn& t+e nose and 2ocal c+ords 8ere )nacco'$aned b" $an
or dsa&reeable sensaton. On a8a3n&1 despite suggested amnesia, t+e
$atent co)ld recall all t+e tactle sensatons assocated 8t+ t+ese
o$eratons1 b)t 8as )nable1 e2en n res$onse to s)&&eston1 to re22e an"
'e'or" of $an.Y
T+s case 'a" be ta3en as a t"$cal one1 for a'on&st t+e n)'ero)s
o$eratons $erfor'ed d)rn& +"$noss 8t+ 8+c+ I +a2e +ad to do1 I +a2e n
no nstance been able to re22e an" 'e'or" of $an.
,3) A . T8o obser2atons of ,r. LUbea)lt5s s+o8 +o8 +"$noss1 b"
'$ro2n& t+e fac)lt" of attenton1 'a" ncrease t+e ac)teness of t+e sense
of +earn&. (()''arsed fro' Th;rapeutique Suggestive, $$. B< et seq.)
(*) %. %)br"1 a&ed t8ent"Ct+ree1 nearl" deaf 8t+ bot+ ears fro' brt+1
&oes to sc+ool 8+ere signClan&)a&e s ta)&+t1 beco'es ess able to +ear1 no
lon&er needn& to f# +s attenton so ')c+ on so)nds. -"$notsed b"
LUbea)lt1 reco2ers at once +s $re2o)s de&ree of +earn&G t+s lasted for
fo)r "ears1 8+en t+e s)&&eston of attenton beca'e e#+a)sted.
T+e 'ost note8ort+" $ont s t+at 8+en %)br" 8as s$ecall" an#o)s to
+ear +e t+re8 +'self nto une esp=ce dQ;tat passi$,a 3nd of selfC
+"$notsaton n 8+c+ +s res$raton beca'e slo8er and +s $o8er of
+earn& 8as ncreased.
(.) C. Lo)U 8as a deafC')te1 a&ed fft"1 deaf snce a "ear oldG 2er"
sl&+t +earn& of r&+t ear. +"$notsed b" LUbea)lt1 +e +eard better1 not onl"
d)rn& t+e l&+t slee$1 b)t after a8a3n&. -eard e2en 8t+ e$t ear1 8+c+
+ad ne2er +eard beforeG and 8as able for t+e frst t'e to $rono)nce a fe8
8ords ta)&+t to +'. Lo)U fo)nd t+at +e +ad t+e $o8er of t+ro8n& +'self
al'ost nstantaneo)sl" nto a l&+t slee$C8a3n& state. T+s $o8er once
&aned1 t 8as obser2ed t+at n +s ordnar" condton +e 8as as deaf as e2er.
T+e fact 8as t+at 8+ene2er +e reall" 8s+ed to +ear +e t+re8 +'self nto
t+s selfC+"$notsed stateG +e stood 'otonless1 8t+ e"es f#ed and $)$ls
dlated1 and lo)d $antn& breat+. 4ndn& t+s condton so +el$f)l1 +e ceased
to 'a3e t+e effort to +ear n +s nor'al state.
It s+o)ld be added t+at +s s&+t 8as 8ea3G and t+at 8+en +e 8anted to
e#ec)te so'e delcate $ece of 8or3 +e +"$notsed +'self n t+e sa'e 8a"1
8t+ t+e res)lt t+at +e sa8 obDects bot+ 'ore clearl" and lar&er t+an
lfe19'acro$s". T+e sa'e s)bDect1 as LUbea)lt 'entons n an earler
8or31 8as able n t+s selfCnd)ced slee$C8a3n& state to s)&&est to +'self
t+e bodl" $resence and contact of ot+er $ersons 8t+ +all)cnator"
22dness. -e c)red +'self al'ost nstantl" of sta&&ern& nto#caton b" a
s'lar $rocess.
Lo)U 8as $er+a$s born e#ce$tonall" ca$able of selfCs)&&eston. B)t t
loo3s as t+o)&+ +s &reat sta3e n t+e 'atter +ad +el$ed +'G+s secl)son
fro' ordnar" st')l rendern& t easer for +' to e2o3e +s s)bl'nal
$o8ers.
On t+e E)eston of t+e bearn& of attention on deafness1 see ,)ssa)d5s
/Ut+ode d5Ud)caton de l5o)de c+eN les so)rds et d) to)c+er c+eN les
a2e)&les9 ()uetin de Q(nstitut &sychoogique (nternationa, /a" *@>*)1
consstn& of an a$$arat)s n&eno)sl" contr2ed to $rod)ce 2aro)s so)nds1
&rad)ated n lo)dness1 &c.1 to 8+c+ t+e $atents $ractse lstenn&1 and t+)s
&rad)all" learn to +ear fanter and fanter so)nds.
+i,JMK-
,3) B . I E)ote t+e follo8n& obser2atons as to t+e '$ro2e'ent of
')sc)lar $o8ers and of t+e senses d)rn& +"$noss fro' ,r. Bra'8ell5s
Personall" obser2ed -"$notc P+eno'ena9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.
P. *==).
Clos)re of t+e e"es s )s)all" t+e frst $+eno'enon obser2ed n
+"$noss1 and as soon as t+s occ)rs ot+er alteratons n t+e 2ol)ntar"
')scles can )s)all" be nd)ced b" s)&&eston In reference to t+ese I +a2e
not+n& s$ecal to re$ort. I1 l3e ot+ers1 +a2e seen t+at 2ol)ntar" ')sc)lar
$o8er can be ncreased or d'ns+ed to a re'ar3able e#tent.
(nvountary 2usces and Specia Senses.T+e acton of t+e n2ol)ntar"
')scles and t+e s$ecal senses can be nfl)enced n +"$noss. Of t+s I +a2e
seen 'an" str3n& nstances1 b)t 8ll confne '"self al'ost entrel" to one
case1 t+at of a 8o'an a&ed fort"1 n 8+c+ all t+e e#$er'ents 8ere c+ec3ed
b" nde$endent obser2ers.
&use.In t+s s)bDect t+e ra$dt" of t+e $)lse co)ld be E)c3l"
ncreased or d'ns+ed b" s'$l" s)&&estn& t+at t s+o)ld beat faster or
slo8er. T+ese c+an&es1 as recorded b" t+e s$+"&'o&ra$+1 s+o8ed
corres$ondn& alteratons n tenson.
2uscuar Sense.,fferences n 8e&+t as s'all as e&+t &rans co)ld
be dstn&)s+ed n t+e +"$notc stateG t+s t+e $atent 8as E)te )nable to do
n t+e nor'al condton.
Therma Sensibiity.(+e 8as able to dscr'nate bet8een 2er" sl&+t
c+an&es n te'$erat)re1 s)c+ as s+e 8as )nable to a$$recate 8+en a8a3e.
Common Cutaneous Sensibiity.T+e co''on c)taneo)s sensblt"
8as nearl" do)ble1 i.e. t+e $atent co)ld dstn&)s+ t+e $onts of a co'$ass1
a$$led to dfferent $arts of t+e bod"1 at abo)t +alf t+e nor'al dstance. (+e
$ossessed no ncreased $o8er 8+en a8a3e.
'earing.T+e ran&e of +earn& co)ld be do)bled b" s)&&eston.
Sight.T+e 2aratons n t+s $atent5s ran&e of 2son 8ere recorded for
'e b" /r. Bendelac3 -e8etson1 O$+t+al'c ()r&eon to t+e Leeds
Infr'ar"G and1 as t+e" a$$ear to be of consderable nterest1 I 8ll &2e
t+e' n detal. -e frst sa8 +er n *AA@1 lon& before s+e +ad been
+"$notsed1 and re$orted t+at s+e 8as +"$er'etro$cG t+at t+s condton
8as o2erCcorrected b" clar" s$as'G t+at s+e co)ld onl" read t+e t+rd lne
of (nellen5s test t"$es1 and reE)red a 'n)s &lass to enable +er to read t+e
botto' lne. In +"$er'etro$a1 as 'an" of '" readers are do)btless a8are1
t+e a#s of t+e e"e s s+orter t+an nor'al1 and t+e ra"s of l&+t1 or a certan
$ro$orton of t+e'1 n $assn& t+ro)&+ t+e lens1 are foc)ssed at a $ont
be+nd t+e retna. In t+s case1 as t+e res)lt of s$as' of t+e ')scles of
acco''odaton1 t+e $oston1 and $ossbl" t+e c)r2at)re of t+e lens 8as
altered1 i.e. t 8as $roDected f)rt+er for8ard and rendered 'ore con2e#. In
conseE)ence of t+s1 t+e +"$er'etro$a1 8+c+ 8as onl" sl&+t1 8as not onl"
ne)tralsed1 b)t o2erCcorrected. T+)s t+e $atent 8as rendered 2rt)all"
'"o$cG t+e a#s of t+e e"e +ad beco'e lon&er t+an nor'al1 and t+e ra"s of
l&+t 8ere foc)ssed at a $ont n front of1 nstead of be+nd1 t+e retna. %t
t+s t'e treat'ent b" &lasses faled to rele2e t+e defect1 as t+e $atent1 8+o
s)ffered fro' ot+er ner2o)s affectons1 8as )nable to 8ear t+e'. (+e 8as
frst +"$notsed n /arc+ *A@.1 8+en I obser2ed t+at I co)ld a$$arentl"
alter t+e ran&e of 2son b" s)&&eston In t+e follo8n& 7)l" s+e 8as a&an
e#a'ned b" /r. -e8etson1 8+o fo)nd t+e +i,JML- $+"scal condton and
ran&e of 2son dentcal 8t+ 8+at t +ad been n *AA@. ()&&estons 8ere
t+en 'ade n +s $resence1 8t+ t+e 2e8 of ncreasn& t+e ran&e of 2son1
8+ere)$on t+e s$as' dsa$$eared1 and t+e $atent easl" read t+e botto'
lne of (nellen5s test t"$es 8t+o)t a &lass. %fter +a2n& s+o8n t+at t+e
s$as'1 8t+ ts acco'$an"n& defect2e 2son1 co)ld be restored1 I
s)&&ested ts total dsa$$earance. In 7)ne *A@; /r. -e8etson a&an
e#a'ned t+e $atent1 and re$orted t+at t+e ran&e of 2son 8as nor'al1 and
t+at t+ere 8as no ret)rn of t+e s$as'.
C$. t+e '$ro2e'ent of 2son d)rn& s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls' n t+e
case of ,r. ,)fa"5s $atent1 /
lle
R. L.1 referred to n secton +1' .
Bea)ns (.e Somnambuisme &rovoqu;, $$. *>. et seq.) fo)nd n one of
+s s)bDects t+at t+e sense of +earn& 8as 'ore ac)te n +"$noss and co)ld
t+en be stll f)rt+er +e&+tened b" s)&&eston ('larl" t+e reactonCt'es
for to)c+ and +earn& 8ere s+ortened n +"$noss and rendered s+orter stll
b" s)&&eston
,3) C . In t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7an)ar" *A@;1 ,r. C)llerre
records a case of s)&&eston b" 'otor 'a&es. T+s sn&)lar case n2ol2es
reco2er" of t+e )se of s&+t and +earn& b" s)&&eston.
/
'e
0.1 t8ent"Ce&+t "ears old1 a +"steroCe$le$tc1 s)ffered fro' a
2aret" of fts or attac3s1 con2)ls2e1 delro)s1 and s$ontaneo)sl"
so'na'b)lc. -"$notc so'na'b)ls' 8as easl" nd)ced1 b)t E)c3l"
de&enerated nto a +"stercal attac3.
4ro' t+e so'na'b)lc accesses a 3nd of secondar" state de2elo$ed
tself1 lastn& once1 8t+ a fe8 'n)tes5 nterr)$ton1 for a 'ont+ at a t'e.
On ret)rnn& to ordnar" consco)sness s+e +ad lost t+at 'ont+ fro'
'e'or".
Bot+ n +er $r'ar" and n +er secondar" condton s+e 8as fro' t'e to
t'e tro)bled b" a +all)cnator" f&)re1 8+c+ s+e called T'oleon1 and
8+c+ )r&ed +er to s)cde. On reco2ern& fro' t+ese attac3s /
'e
0. 8as n
a $table stateblnd1 deaf1 s$eec+less1 and )nable to s8allo8.
T+e reigieuse 8+o attended +er tred n 'an" 8a"s to recall t+e
$atent5s $o8er of sensaton1 b)t n 2an1 )ntl at last s+e bet+o)&+t +erself
of t+e follo8n& $lan. (+e +eld t+e $atent5s +and1 and 8t+ t+at +and traced
t+e 8ordsJ Yo) 8ll no8 &o to slee$1 and 8ll a8a3e n ten seconds1 able to
+ear1 see1 and s$ea3.9 %fter 'an" re$ettons of t+s $rocess1 t+e $atent
s)cceeded n &ras$n& t+e 'eann& of t+e 8rtten 8ords fro' t+e 'o2e'ent
of +er o8n +and. (+e t+en nstantl" 8ent to slee$1 and a8o3e n a fe8
seconds abe to speaB, b)t not to see or to +ear. 4)rt+er efforts of t+e sa'e
3nd &rad)all" bro)&+t all t+e senses bac3.
,3) D . T+e '"ster" of t+e or&anc effects of +"$nots' les bo)nd )$
8t+ t+e '"ster" of t+e Restt)ton of 4)ncton. 4)nctons of t+e bran
'otor1 sensor"1 ntellect)al8+c+ +a2e been destro"ed for a t'e b"
o$eratons on an'als or b" dsease n 'an1 tend often to reCestabls+
t+e'sel2es1 n $art1 at least1 t+ro)&+ t+e 2caro)s acton of ot+er ner2o)s
centres 8+c+ learn to $erfor' tas3s )n3no8n to t+e' before. ((ee 7a'es1
&rincipes o$ &sychoogy, 2ol. . $. B=.) -ere 8e +a2e t+e vis reparatri0
Natur carred to t+e +&+est $ont to 8+c+ t 8ll &o n 'an. +i,JMM- In '"
2e81 s)c+ s)bstt)tons of fac)lt" are s)bl'nall" &)ded1 and snce
+"$notc s)&&eston s an a$$eal to and a f)rt+erance of s)bl'nal fac)lt"1
t see's to 'e nat)ral t+at t s+o)ld brn& abo)t1 not onl" s)c+ restt)tons
of f)ncton after ')tlaton1 b)t also ot+er ed)catons and de2elo$'ents of
ner2o)s centres1 8+ose res)lt 'a" often n2ol2e reco2er" fro' so'e
a$$arentl" +o$eless or&anc 'alad".
,39 A . In t+e 7evue &hiosophique for !o2e'ber *AAB /. Ber&son1 of
Cler'ontC4errand1 &2es an acco)nt of a case of s)$$osed t+o)&+tC
transference or clar2o"ance 8+c+ t)rned o)t to be ')c+ 'ore $robabl"
e#$lcable b" +"$notc +"$erac)t" of 2son. T+e follo8n& s a s)''ar"
and dsc)sson of t+e case 8+c+ I contrb)ted to 2ind for 7an)ar" *AA=.
//. Ber&son and Robnet fo)nd t+at a bo"1 8+o 8as s)$$osed to be a
clar2o"ant1 or a tele$at+c $erc$ent1 co)ld read f&)res and 8ords )nder
t+e follo8n& condtons. One of t+e obser2ers +"$notsed t+e bo"1 stood
8t+ +s bac3 nearl" a&anst t+e l&+t1 o$ened a boo3 at rando'1 +eld t
nearl" 2ertcall" facn& +'self1 at abo)t fo)r nc+es fro' +s o8n e"es1 b)t
belo8 +'1 and loo3ed so'et'es at t+e $a&e and so'et'es nto t+e bo"5s
e"es. T+e boo3 +ad often to be sl&+tl" s+fted1 b)t )lt'atel" t+e bo" co)ld
&enerall" read t+e n)'ber of t+e $a&e. %s3ed 8+ere +e sa8 t1 +e $onted to
t+e bac3 of t+e boo31 D)st o$$oste t+e n)'ber5s tr)e $oston. %s3ed 8+ere
t+e bndn& of t+e boo3 8as1 +e $)t +s +and )nderneat+ t+e boo31 and
ndcated t+e $lace 8+ere t+e bndn& 8o)ld +a2e been +ad t+e boo3 faced
+'.
It occ)rred to /. Ber&sonand +e deser2es f)ll credt for ben& t+e frst
to nsst on t+s $reca)tont+at1 s'all t+o)&+ t+e f&)res 8ere1 t+e bo"
'&+t reall" be readn& t+e' as reflected on t+e cornea of t+e +"$notser.
E#$er'ents 8t+ sl&+tl" altered $oston s+o8ed t+at1 n fact1 t+e bo"
co)ld not read t+e letters )nless adD)st'ent and ll)'naton 8ere caref)ll"
'ade as fa2o)rable as $ossble. T+e letters 8ere ; ''. n +e&+tnot+n&
s sad of t+er t+c3nessand t+er corneal 'a&e 8o)ld be abo)t >.* ''.
n +e&+t1 as /. Ber&son co'$)tes1 )nder t+e condtons e'$lo"ed. T+s
see's a 2er" s'all 'a&e to see dstnctl"G b)t /r. 7. !. Lan&le" and /r. -.
E. 6n&feld1 8+o +a2e 3ndl" tred so'e caref)l e#$er'ents to test t+s
$ont1 nfor' 'e t+at t+e" can read on eac+ ot+er5s corneF t+e corneal
'a&e of $rnted letters of abo)t *> ''. n +e&+t. 6e 3no8 fro' Bnet and
4UrU5s e#$er'ents1 &c.1 +o8 &reatl" t+e +"$notc state does so'et'es
ncrease ac)t" of 2sonG and 8e 'a"1 I t+n31 concl)de t+at t+e bo"
$robabl" dd read t+e letters on +s +"$notser5s cornea.
6+at1 t+en1 are 8e to 'a3e of t+e bo"5s state'ent t+at +e sa8 t+e 8ords
as t+o)&+ n a boo3 facn& +'W /. Ber&son feels s)re t+at t+s 8as t+e
bo"5s real belef. T+ere 8as no s)s$con of c+arlatans'1 and1 n fact1 t+e
bo" dsl3ed t+e e#$er'ents1 and no81 as /. Ber&son 8rtes to 'e1 ref)ses
to rene8 t+e'. /. Ber&son s)$$oses1 and I t+n3 D)stl"1 t+at t+s 8as a case
of simuation inconsciente/ t+e +"$notsed s)bDect &en)nel" referrn& +s
sensatons to t+e so)rce to 8+c+ his $irst +"$notser (a bele2er n t+o)&+tC
transference) +ad s)&&ested to +' t+at t+e" 8ere d)e.
%nd1 n fact1 t+s )nconsco)s s')laton 8+c+ leads t+e s)bDect to refer
+s )n)s)al sensatons to t+e s$ecal ca)se 8+c+ +s +"$notser1 or so'e
ca$rce of +s o8n 'nd1 s)&&ests1 s a not )nco''on and a 2er" nterestn&
$+eno'enon. It 8as obser2ed1 for nstance1 b" Ellotson1 8+o $onted o)t a
&ood +i,JMN- 'an" +"$notc $ec)lartes 8+c+ +s s)ccessors are no8
&rad)all" redsco2ern&. It s a hypnotic e0aggeration of a fa'lar
$+eno'enon1 na'el"1 of t+e lar&e nf)son of erroneo)s nference 8+c+ 8e
'ost of )s '$ort nto t+e acco)nt 8+c+ 8e render to o)rsel2es of o)r
ordnar" sensatons.
% $artc)larl" c)ro)s case s brefl" descrbed n t+e 1ourna o$ the
Society $or &sychica 7esearch, 7)ne *AA<. % 'an 8as bro)&+t to )s 8+o1
8+en +"$notsed1 co)ld often na'e cards +eld n front of +'1 alt+o)&+ +s
e"es +ad been $lastered )$ and banda&ed n a 'ost elaborate 8a". T+e
'an5s frends too3 t+s for clar2o"ance1 and t+e 'an assented1 ben& s)re
t+at +e co)ld not see t+e cards n t+e )s)al 8a". T+e" flas+ed )$on +'19
as +e sad. !o81 after a &ood deal of $)NNln& o2er t+e case1 /r. R.
-od&son fo)nd t+at +e also co)ld so'et'es 'ana&e to see o2er s'lar
banda&es1 t+ro)&+ s'all c+n3s bet8een t+e s3n and t+e $a$er &)''ed
o2er t+e e"es. B)t +e1 too1 fo)nd t+at +e sa8 ftf)ll"1 t+e $o8er of 2son
see'n& to co'e and &o1and +e act)all" co)ld not tell 8t+ 8+c+ e"e +e
8as seen&1 e#ce$t b" co2ern& eac+ e"e n t)rn 8t+ +s +and. T+e dstorted
$oston of t+e e"eCball1 and t+e 'n)te and oddl"C$laced c+annels of 2son1
$rod)ced so ')c+ conf)son t+at t+ere see'ed no reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect5s belef t+at +e 8as seen& clar2o"antl"9 8as ot+er t+an
&en)ne.
T+e case of /. Ber&son5s bo" see's to +a2e been a s'lar one. %nd +s
dea t+at +e 8as readn& fro' t+e boo3 see's to +a2e been a sort of
co'$ro'se bet8een t+e feeln& t+at +e 8as readn& some#here and t+e
+"$notser5s s)&&eston t+at t+e 8ords 8ere ben& transferred s)$ernor'all"
fro' 'nd to 'nd.
T+)s far1 t+en1 /. Ber&son5s narraton and e#$lanaton see' credble
eno)&+1 and +s ar&)'ent as a&anst t+o)&+tCtransference n t+s bo"5s case
see's 8ell 'ade o)t. B)t +e $roceeded to f)rt+er e#$er'ents 8+c+1 as
reco)nted1 see' ncredble1 and 8+c+ 'a" lead so'e readers to dstr)st t+e
acc)rac" of t+e 8+ole seres.
To e#$lan t+e dffc)lt" I ')st frst $ont o)t t+at t+e 8ord
+"$erFst+esa s loosel" )sed for t+ree dfferent classes of $+eno'ena. It s
)sed (*) for an e#a&&eraton of t+e fa'lar acton of s$ecalsed or&ans1 as
8+en t+e e"e s sensble to 2er" s'all a'o)nts of l&+t. It s )sed (.) for
alle&ed $erce$tons1 8+c+ 8o)ld '$l" a s$ecalsaton of 8+at I 'a" ter'
o)r undi$$erentiated $und o$ nervous sensibiity n no2el drectons.
(ensblt" to t+e acton of 'a&nets1 of 'etals n contact1 of 'edca'ents at
a dstance1 'a" or 'a" not e#st1 b)t s+o)ld scarcel" be called b" t+e sa'e
na'e as (sa") t+e e"e5s e#tra senst2eness to l&+t. %nd a&an1 t+e 8ord s
)sed (;) for cases 8+ere o)r nonCs$ecalsed or&ans are credted 8t+
$erfor'n& f)nctons 8+c+1 so far as 8e can see1 de'and a defnte senseC
s$ecalsaton1 or o)r s$ecalsed or&ans are credted 8t+ f)nctons 8+c+1
on 'eas)rable anato'cal &ro)nds1 a$$ear to o2er$ass t+e l'ts of t+er
s$ecalsaton. T+s last class of cases ')st be rece2ed 8t+ e#tre'e
ca)ton.
6ell1 /. Ber&son sa"s t+at +e s+o8ed t+e bo" a 'crosco$c
$+oto&ra$+ of t8el2e 'en1 ts lon&est da'eter . ''.1 and t+at t+e bo" sa8
and 'tated t+e attt)de of eac+ 'an. %lso t+at +e s+o8ed t+e bo" a
'crosco$c $re$araton1 n2ol2n& cells not &reater t+an .>B ''. n
da'eter1 and t+at t+e bo" sa8 and dre8 t+ese cells.
!o8 I '&+t1 n t+e frst $lace1 obDect t+at t+o)&+tCtransference 8as not
for'all" e#cl)ded1 snce /. Ber&son +'self 3ne8 t+e $+oto&ra$+ and t+e
loo3 of t+e cells. I do not $ress t+s1 for t+e ot+er e#$er'ents see' to 'e to
ne&at2e +i,JMO- t+o)&+tCtransference n t+s case. I 'erel" $ont o)t t+at f
8e 8s+ to $ro2e t+at a s)bDect does not rece2e an 'a&e fro' o)r 'nds1
8e s+o)ld $resent to +' an obDect 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are o)rsel2es
)nacE)anted.
B)t t+e real dffc)lt" s as re&ards t+e minimum visibie. It s )s)all"
(t+o)&+ not )n2ersall") s)$$osed t+at n order to $rod)ce a defnte 'a&e
'ore t+an one retnal rod or cone ')st be st')latedG and t+at conseE)entl"
no obDect can be se$aratel" dscernble 8+c+ does not s)btend (sa") an
an&le of B> seconds1 or 8+ose retnal 'a&e s less t+an (sa") .>>< ''. n
da'eter. 4loatn& $artcles1 none of t+e' e#ceedn& .>>.@ ''. n da'eter1
+a2e1 I bele2e1 been seen as a coud n a ra" of electrc l&+t sent t+ro)&+ a
t)be of fltered ar1 b)t +a2e ne2er been seen separatey b" t+e na3ed e"e.
!o81 t+e retina image of an obDect tself onl" .>B ''. n da'eter1 and
$laced 8t+n t+e ran&e of dstnct 2son1 8ll be ')c+ less t+an .>>< ''.
n da'eter. To brn& t )$ to t+s 'n')' t+e retnal 'a&e ')st be *l*?
of t+e sNe of t+e obDect tselfG and t+s '$les a nearness to t+e e"e
n2ol2n& 'ere dar3ness and bl)r. T+e 'crosco$c slde 8as $res)'abl"
trans$arentG b)t not+n& 8as sad as to t+e trans$arenc" of t+e photograph,
and "et t+e $onts dstnctl" 2sble on t+e $+oto&ra$+ ')st +a2e been e2en
smaer t+an t+e cells on t+e slde.
% letter 8t+ 8+c+ /. Ber&son +as fa2o)red 'e +as done ')c+ to
re'o2e t+ese dffc)ltes. It see's t+at t+e $+oto&ra$+ 8as trans$arent1 and
t+at t+e bo" +eld t close to +s e"e. /oreo2er1 after seen& t+e $+oto&ra$+
t+e bo" co)ld not read ordnar" $rnt. C5est tro$ &rand19 +e sadG and t 8as
so'e t'e before t+e e"e (8+c+ /. Ber&son bele2es to +a2e been al8a"s
'"o$c) res)'ed ts nor'al state. It see's1 t+en1 conce2able t+at +"$notc
s)&&eston +ad nd)ced (b" s$as' of t+e clar" ')scleW) so'e c+an&e n
t+e s+a$e of t+e cr"stallne lens1 8+c+ 'ade t+e e"e a 'crosco$e for t+e
t'e ben&. /r. Geor&e 6+err" +as 3ndl" co'')ncated to 'e t8o
so'e8+at analo&o)s cases1 8+ere clar" s$as' (tself nd)ced b"
'crosco$c or telesco$c 8or3) led to )noc)lar d$lo$a1 n one case e2en
tr$lo$a. In t+ese cases irreguar clar" s$as' a$$arentl" t)rned t+e lens
nto a 3nd of mutipying gassVs t $ossble t+at /. Ber&son nd)ced a
reguar clar" s$as'1 8+c+ t)rned t+e lens nto a magni$ier?
,+0 A . T+e $robable co)rse of e2ol)ton of earl" senseCor&ans s t+)s
descrbed b" Prnce Rro$ot3n n an artcle on Recent (cence9 n t+e
Nineteenth Century for %)&)st *A@BJ
In order to trace t+e $ro&ress2e s$ecalsaton of senses n t+e an'al
seres1 Y8e onl" need to ad't t+at t+e a$$earance of t+e 'ore s$ecalsed
senses of to)c+1 +earn&1 taste1 s'ell1 and 2son s $receded b" t+e
e#stence of t+e less s$ecalsed 'ec+ancal1 c+e'cal1 te'$erat)re1 and
l&+t sensesG b)t t+s s 8+at 'a" +a2e been $res)'ed n ad2ance )nder t+e
t+eor" of e2ol)ton. %not+er ad'sson1 ad2ocated b" !a&el1
*
na'el"1 t+e
e#stence of '#ed or rat+er )ndefned senseCor&ans8+c+ a$$ears as a
'ere de2elo$'ent of t+e sa'e dea8o)ld f)rt+er s'$lf" t+e
co'$re+enson of t+e facts. %t t+e lo8est end of t+e scale 8e +a2e 8+at
!a&el descrbes ($er+a$s not E)te e#actl") as t+e )n2ersal or&an of
senses19 8+c+ 'eans t+at t+e 8+ole $roto$las' of t+e an'al5s bod" (or1
$er+a$s1 so'e co'$onents of t) acts as an +i,JNP- or&an for rece2n&
e#ctatons fro' 2aro)s st')l. %nd at t+e ot+er end of t+e scale t+ere are
s$ecalsed or&ans1 so s$ecalsed t+at eac+ of t+e' s ca$able of
trans'ttn& one sort of sensatons onl". Bet8een t+e t8o !a&el $ro$oses to
$lace nter'edate '#ed or&ans (Dechsesinnesorgane)1 8+c+1 n t+er
nor'al state1 ad t+e an'al n $erce2n& t8o or t+ree dfferent sensatons1
s)c+ as taste and s'ell1 or to)c+1 +earn&1 and taste. -a2n& no s)c+ '#ed
or&ans1 8e e2dentl" +a2e a dffc)lt" n )nderstandn& t+e corres$ondn&
sensatons1 and 8e 'a" as3 o)rsel2es 8+et+er t+e an'al $ossessed of one
or&an for to)c+ and taste1 or for taste and s'ell1 rece2es fro' t t8o
dfferent sensatons1 or +as one sensaton onl"1 8+c+ s net+er of t+e t8o1
b)t les bet8een t+e'. 6e 'a" not be able to ans8er t+s E)eston1 b)t 8e
f)ll" )nderstand t+at t+e 8orld of sensatons s+o)ld &ro8 n co'$le#t"1
$recson1 and 2aret"1 as t+e senseCor&ans beco'e 'ore and 'ore defnte.
,+1 A . T+e $rnc$al nor&anc obDects alle&ed to +a2e elcted no2el
sensatons are r)nnn& 8ater1 'etals1 cr"stals1 and 'a&netsGncl)dn&
)nder t+s last +eadn& t+e 'a&nets' of t+e eart+1 as cla'ed to be felt
dfferentl" b" slee$ers accordn& as t+e" le n t+e nort+Cso)t+ or n t+e eastC
8est $ostons.
T+e fac)lt" of fndn& running #ater +as t+e nterest of ben& t+e frst
s)bl'nal fac)lt" 8+c+ +as been so +abt)all" )tlsed for $)blc ends as to
for' for ts $ossessors a reco&nsed and l)crat2e occ)$aton. 4ro'
Professor Barrett5s 'ono&ra$+ On t+e (oCcalled ,2nn& Rod9 (see ne#t
%$$end#)1 and t+e do8sers9 8+o +a2e so often dsco2ered 8ater 8+ere
&eolo&sts and en&neers +a2e faled1 t see's clear t+at t+s $o8er of
dsco2er" s &en)ne1 and s not de$endent on t+e do8ser5s consco)s
3no8led&e or obser2aton. It for's a s)bl'nal )$r)s+G b)t 8+et+er t s
a3n to genius, as ben& a s)bconsco)s 'an$)laton of facts accessble
t+ro)&+ nor'al sensor" c+annels1 or to hetersthesia (as restn& on a
s$ecfc sensblt" to t+e $ro#'t" of r)nnn& 8ater)1 s a E)eston 8+c+
8ll be 2aro)sl" decded n eac+ s$ecal case. T+e do8ser1 I s+o)ld add1 s
not +"$notsed before +e fnds t+e 8ater. B)t (as Professor Barrett +as
s+o8n) +e s often t+ro8n1 $res)'abl" b" selfCs)&&eston1 nto a state ')c+
rese'bln& l&+t +"$notc trance. T+e $erce$t2t" (8e 'a" sa") of central
or&ans1 n an )nfa'lar drecton1 s st')lated b" concentrated attenton1
n2ol2n& a certan dst)rbance or abe"ance of $erce$t2t" n ot+er
drectons.
,+1 B . %n e#+a)st2e and '$artal s)r2e" of t+e e#stn& e2dence for
t+e fac)lt" of do8sn&9 s &2en n Professor 6. 4. Barrett5s t8o artcles
On t+e (oCcalled ,2nn& Rod9 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .K
.A.1 and 2ol. #2. $$. *;>K;A;. 4ro' t+e latter I E)ote t+e &eneral
concl)sons at 8+c+ Professor Barrett +as arr2ed ($. ;*;).
(*) 4or so'e cent)res $ast certan nd2d)als locall" 3no8n as do8sers
+a2e declared t+at t+e" can dsco2er t+e $resence of )nder&ro)nd 8ater1
'neral lodes1 coal1 b)ldn& stone1 or ot+er b)red obDects 8+c+ 'a" be
so)&+t for b" t+e a$$arentl" s$ontaneo)s 'oton of t+e soCcalled d2nn&
rodG 8+en t+er $retensons +a2e been tested1 t+e res)lt1 t+o)&+ b" no 'eans
+i,JNG- )nfor'l" n t+er fa2o)r1 +as been so re'ar3able t+at c+ance
concdence a$$ears a 8+oll" nadeE)ate e#$lanaton.
(.) %n" e#$lanaton based )$on trc3er" or )nconsco)s +nts fro'
b"standers1 or t+e detecton of fant s)rface ndcatons of t+e concealed
obDect1 or ot+er 3no8n ca)se1 s ns)ffcent to co2er a t+e facts.
(;) T+e movement of t+e rod or for3ed t8& s onl" a s$ecal case of
'otor a)to'ats' e#+bted b" a lar&e n)'ber of nd2d)als1 and arses
fro' a s)bconsco)s and n2ol)ntar" s)&&eston9 '$ressed on t+e 'nd of
t+e do8ser.
(<) %cco'$an"n& t+e n2ol)ntar" and )s)all" )nconsco)s ')sc)lar
contracton 8+c+ ca)ses t+e 'oton of t+e for3ed t8& or rod1 'an"
do8sers e#$erence a $ec)lar maaise and so'e a 2olent con2)ls2e
s$as'. T+s s a $s"c+oC$+"solo&cal effect1 a3n to e'oton. /oreo2er1 t+e
state of 'onodes' of t+e do8ser creates a condton of $artal catale$s"
8+en so'e s)&&eston ca)ses t+e dea to c)l'nate.
(?) T+s s)bconsco)s s)&&eston 'a" arse fro' a 2aret" of ca)sesG
so'et'es t s 'erel" an a)toCs)&&eston1 at ot+ers t s )nconsco)sl"
der2ed t+ro)&+ t+e senses fro' t+e en2ron'ent1 b)t n a certan n)'ber of
t+ose 8+o e#+bt 'otor a)to'ats' t+e s)&&eston a$$ears to be d)e to
so'e 3nd of transcendental $erce$t2e $o8er.
(B) ()c+ $ersons a$$ear onl" able to e#ercse t+s transcendental fac)lt"
8+en t+er nor'al selfCconsco)sness s 'ore or less n abe"ance1 or 8+en t
s co'$letel" s)b'er&ed1 as n $rofo)nd +"$noss.
(=) T+s s)bconsco)s $erce$t2e $o8er1 co''onl" called
clar2o"ance19 'a" $ro2sonall" be ta3en as t+e e#$lanaton of t+ose
s)ccesses of t+e do8ser 8+c+ are ne#$lcable on an" &ro)nds at $resent
3no8n to scence.
T+e maaise 'entoned abo2e as a freE)ent acco'$an'ent of t+e
e#ercse of t+er art b" do8sers s t+)s descrbed n an earler $art of t+e
sa'e $a$er ($. .@@).
!earl" all do8sers assert t+at 8+en t+e rod 'o2es n t+er +ands1 or
8+en t+e" bele2e t+at )nder&ro)nd 8ater s beneat+ t+e'1 t+e" e#$erence
a $ec)lar sensaton1 8+c+ so'e descrbe as felt n t+e l'bs l3e t+e
tn&ln& of an electrc s+oc31 ot+ers as a s+2ern& or tre'bln&1 and ot+ers
as an )n$leasant sensaton n t+e e$&astrc re&on. 6t+ all t+ere s 'ore or
less of a con2)ls2e s$as'1 so'et'es of a 2olent c+aracter. T+s maaise s
2er" 'ar3ed n so'e cases1 b)t not e#$erenced n ot+ers. T+at t+ese
$+"solo&cal dst)rbances +a2e a $)rel" $s"c+olo&cal or&n s ob2o)s
(*) fro' t+e fact t+at t+e" are not e#$erenced 8+en t+e do8ser s off d)t"1
t+at s1 8+en +e +as no s)s$con t+at +e s n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood of
)nder&ro)nd 8ater1 and (.) t+at l3e effects are not $rod)ced b" t+e ')c+
&reater 'asses of 2sble 8ater n r2ers1 la3es1 or t+e sea. T+e nterestn&
$ont s t+at t+ese $s"c+oC$+"solo&cal $+eno'ena +a2e a real e#stenceG
t+e" e#st a'on& do8sers n all co)ntres1 and can be traced bac31 as
+storcal n2est&aton s+o8s1 for )$8ards of t8o cent)res. In t+e
$recedn& Re$ort I de2oted an %$$end# to t+s s)bDect.Y L&roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .=.M
T+e 8rter $roceeds to &2e f)rt+er casesancent and 'odernof t+e
maaise assocated 8t+ do8sn&1 and s+o8s ts analo&" 8t+ t+e
$+"solo&cal dst)rbances1 arsn& fro' $s"c+olo&cal ca)ses1 t+at
so'et'es acco'$an" ot+er $+ases of a)to'ats'.
+i,JNH-
,+1 C . I ne#t ta3e t+e case of 'etallFst+esa1t+at alle&ed reacton to
s$ecal 'etals 8+c+ +as often been asserted bot+ n +"$notc and n
+"stercal cases. %s a defnte nstance I 8ll ta3e t+e state'ent 'ade b"
certan $+"scans attendn& Lo)s V2U (see (33 A ) t+at 8+le t+e"
s)$$orted +' d)rn& a +"stercal attac3 a &old rn& on t+e fn&er of one of
t+e' to)c+ed +' for so'e t'e and left a red 'ar31 as of a b)rn1 of 8+ose
or&n t+e $atent 3ne8 not+n&. It s f)rt+er alle&edand t+s s a E)te
se$arate $ont1 alt+o)&+ often conf)sed 8t+ t+e frstt+at &old s
dstn&)s+ed b" so'e s)bDects )nder condtons 8+ere no de&ree of
senst2eness to 8e&+t or te'$erat)re co)ld +a2e s+o8n t+e' t+at &old 8as
near.
!o8 as to t+e frst $ont1 e.g. t+e Lo)s V2U ncdent1 I can readl"
bele2e t+at t+e to)c+ of &old1 )n3no8n to t+e s)bDect5s s)$ral'nal
consco)sness1 'a" $rod)ce a redness1 s)bseE)ent $an1 &c. %ll t+at s
needed for t+s s a ca$rco)s selfCs)&&eston1 l3e an" ot+er +"stercal dea.
T+s selfCs)&&eston '&+t re'an co'$letel" )n3no8n to t+e 8a3n& self1
8+c+ '&+t be $)NNled as to t+e ca)se of t+e redness and $an. %nd
obser2e t+at s)c+ a res)lt '&+t e2en deser2e t+e na'e of +eterFst+esa.
T+ere '&+t be a 8+ole co'$le# ran&e of s$ecfc reactons to s)bstances
c+e'call" nert $aralleln& o)r reactons to dr)&s 8+c+ c+e'call" affect
o)r tss)es. T+e second cla'1 +o8e2er1 n2ol2es ')c+ 'ore t+an t+s. If
&old s reco&nsed t+ro)&+ a co2ern&1 for nstance1 or +eated to t+e sa'e
$ont as ot+er 'etals1 so t+at no sensaton of 8e&+t or te'$erat)re can +el$
obser2aton1 t+s '&+t $ossbl" be b" 2rt)e of so'e sensblt" 'ore
rese'bln& t+e attracton of lo8 or&ans's to s$ecfc s)bstances 8+ose
c+e'cal acton on t+e' 8e cannot deter'ne1 or to $artc)lar ra"s n t+e
s$ectr)'. I a' not con2nced t+at t+s +as "et been $ro2edG b)t I s+o)ld not
re&ard t as > priori '$ossble. I t+n3 t $robable t+at o)r central
sensor)' 'a" +a2e t+e ca$act" of dscr'natn& 'an" sensatons 8+c+
t does not +abt)all" dscr'nate1 and t+at der'al endCor&ans 'a" trans't
'essa&es 8+c+ are not +abt)all" nter$reted n all t+er f)lness. It s 8t+
central rat+er t+an 8t+ $er$+eral ca$actes t+at s)c+ a $roble' s
)lt'atel" concerned.
,+1 D . Consdern& n t+e ne#t $lace t+e alle&ed sensblt" of certan
$ersons to cr"stals and 'a&nets13no8n to be absol)tel" nert n relaton to
ordnar" 'en18e s+o)ld note t+e alle&ed connecton bet8een t+e
$erce$ton of 'a&nets and t+at of r)nnn& 8ater. %nd +ere 8e 'a" note n
$assn& a $ont 8+c+ n t+ese nE)res s+o)ld be often re'e'bered. I
'ean t+e &reat irreguarity 8t+ 8+c+ sensbltes are dstrb)ted n t+e
or&anc 8orldGe2en sensblt" to a st')l)s so $otent and )n2ersal as
l&+t tself. T+e 'ere fact t+at sensblt" to 'a&nets +as not "et been
obser2ed s no stron& $res)'$ton a&anst ts ben& obser2ed before lon&.
T+e central or&ans of $erce$ton1 as "et )ne#+a)sted n t+er 'anfestaton
b" t+e e#ternal or&ans1 'a"1 for a)&+t 8e can sa"1 $ossess t+s $otental
sensblt"1 to be de2elo$ed n $rocess of t'e.
+i,JNI-
(o'e e#$er'ents ntended to test t+e realt" of t+e 'a&netc sense19
and es$ecall" of t+e soCcalled 'a&netc l&+t9l)'no)s a$$earances
descrbed b" Baron Rec+enbac+ as ben& seen b" +s senst2es n t+e
ne&+bo)r+ood of 'a&nets8ere carred o)t b" a Co''ttee of t+e (.P.R.
n *AA;. %fter caref)l and re$eated trals 8t+ fort"Cf2e s)bDects9 of bot+
se#es and of a&es bet8een s#teen and s#t"1 onl" t+ree of t+ese $rofessed to
see l)'no)s a$$earances. T+e" 8ere entrel" &norant of Rec+enbac+5s
8or3s1 and no nfor'aton 8as &2en to t+e' before+and of t+e nat)re of
t+e e#$er'ent. T+e sensatons t+e" descrbed 8ere re'ar3abl" concordant.
T+e l&+t1 t+e" sad1 too3 t+e for' of t8o ro)nded or bl)nted cones1 a$ces
do8n8ards1 one of eac+ ben& drectl" o2er and )$on a $ole of t+e 'a&net.
T+e c+ef nstr)'ent )sed 8as an electroC'a&net1 and t+e l&+t a$$eared
and dsa$$eared 8t+ t+e 'a3n& and brea3n& of t+e c)rrent1 )n3no8n to
t+e s)bDect. T8o of t+e s)bDects and a 'e'ber of t+e Co''ttee also
e#$erenced $ec)lar sensatons n t+e face and +ead 8+en t+e +ead 8as
$laced n t+e stron&est $art of t+e 'a&netc feld1 b" 8+c+ t+e" 8ere able to
dstn&)s+ acc)ratel" 8+et+er t+e 'a&net 8as e#cted or not.
T+e 2al)e of t+ese e#$er'ents as e2dence of a 'a&netc sense of
co)rse de$ends $r'arl" on 8+et+er t+e s)bDects +ad an" 'eans1 drect or
ndrect1 of 3no8n& 8+en t+e c)rrent 8as 'ade or bro3en. T+e $reca)tons
ta3en to a2od t+s and t+e ot+er condtons of t+e e#$er'ents are descrbed
n detal n t+e re$ort of t+e' n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. .;>K.;=.
(ee also a f)rt+er note b" t+e C+ar'an of t+e Co''ttee1 Professor 6. 4.
Barrett1 2ol. . $$. ?BKB>.
,+1 E . %nd ne#t as to t+e +eterFst+esF alle&ed to be e2o3ed b" dead
or&anc s)bstances1 or b" l2n& or&ans's. 6e 'a" be&n b" obser2n& t+at
so'e of o)r senses1 at an" rate1 for' t+e s)bDect2e e#$resson of certan
c+e'cal reactons. B)t 'an" 3nds of c+e'cal reactons &o on n )s
besdes t+ose 8+c+1 for e#a'$le1 for' t+e bass of o)r sense of taste. %nd
so'e $ersons are ')c+ 'ore affected t+an ot+ers b" certan s$ecal
reactons1 8+c+ fro' a $)rel" c+e'cal $ont of 2e8 'a" or 'a" not be
$recsel" t+e sa'e for all. (o'e $ersons +a2e a s$ecfc sensblt" to
certan foods1 or to certan dr)&sGt+e $resence of 8+c+ t+er sto'ac+
detects1 and to 8+c+ t res$onds 8t+ e#traordnar" delcac". !o81 f t
8ere an '$ortant obDect to dsco2er t+e $resence of a certan dr)&1 s)c+ a
sensblt" 8o)ld be re&arded as a $reco)s &ft1 and t+e dsco2er" '&+t be
E)te as 2al)able 8+en 'ade b" t+e sto'ac+ as t 8o)ld +a2e been f 'ade
b" t+e nose. T+ese are nascent +eterFst+esF1 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 are not
fostered et+er b" nat)ral selecton or b" +)'an care.
Of s'lar t"$e are t+e s$ecfc sensbltes to t+e $resence of certan
$lants or an'als1fa'lar n certan cases of roseCast+'a19 +orseC
ast+'a19 and dsco'fort felt f a cat s n t+e roo'. T+ese feeln&s +a2e
'an" ca)ses. %t one end t+ere s ordnar" 'ec+ancal rrtaton b" sold +i,
JNJ- $artcles. %t t+e ot+er end of t+e scale t+ere s1 of co)rse1 'ere selfC
s)&&eston. B)t bet8een t+e t8o t+ere see's to be a 3nd of sensblt"
8+c+ s not $)rel" selfCs)&&est2e1 and not e#actl" olfactor"1 b)t rese'bles
rat+er t+e nstncts b" 8+c+ nsects or ot+er an'als dscern eac+ ot+er5s
ne&+bo)r+ood.
T+ere see's ndeed no reason 8+" t+e sense stll 2a&)el" 3no8n as
sme s+o)ld not be d2sble nto as 'an" s$ecfc sensbltes as t+e sense
8+c+ tll latel" 8as 2a&)el" 3no8n as to)c+. On t+e one +and1 sensblt"
to effl)2ae2en ass)'n& all s'ell to de$end on effl)2as not confned
to t+e nose1 and 'a" s)rel" ta3e 2ared for's as 2aro)s tracts of ')co)s
'e'brane are affected. %nd1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e an'al 3n&do' s+o8s
)s n ab)ndant nstances a sense of s'ell alread" de2elo$ed to a $ont 8+c+
s)r$asses t+e sense of +earn& and r2als t+e sense of s&+t.
!o81 t+e 2er" fact t+at t+e blood+o)nd can dstn&)s+ as +e can a &2en
$erson5s traces fro' all t+e 8orld besde s eno)&+1 I t+n31 to $ont to t+e
$robablt" t+at t+e +"$notsed s)bDect1alread" +"$erFst+etc and $er+a$s
+eterFst+etc1'a" dstn&)s+ bet8een one +)'an ben& and anot+er n a
'anner1 and 8t+ an ac)teness1 to )s )n3no8n. % nat)ral drecton for
+eterFst+esF to ta3e 8o)ld see' to be a re22al of $r't2e $o8ers1 tll
no8 de2elo$ed 'ore f)ll" n ot+er an'al races t+an n 'an.
Ret)rnn&1 t+en1 fro' t+s ne8 $ont of 2e8 to t+e $roble' of t+e
nfl)ence of 'es'erc $asses1 8e see t+at t+ere are no8 t8o dfferent lnes
of obser2aton 8+c+ $ont to t+e $robablt" of t+er $ossessn& so'e
s$ecfc $otenc". 4ro' t+e s)$ernor'al or s$rt)al sde I )r&e t+at snce
tele$at+" fro' a dstance s a vera causa of +"$noss (see ,'))1 'es'erc
$asses near at +and 'a" $ossess so'e s'lar +"$no&eno)s 2al)e. %nd
fro' t+e nor'al or 'ateral sde I )r&e t+at a'on& t+e delcate
dscr'nat2e $o8ers 8t+ 8+c+ +"$nots' s fo)nd to endo8 t+e
senst2e s)bDect1 t s not )nl3el" t+at 8e s+all fnd so'e s$ecfc
sensblt" to +)'an $ro#'t" per se, and $er+a$s to t+e $ro#'t" of
certan +)'an ben&s1 as dstn&)s+ed fro' t+e rest.
It s $er+a$s t+ro)&+ so'e s)c+ $o8er of dscr'naton t+at effects are
$rod)ced on senst2e s)bDects b" 'es'ersed obDects19ass)'n&1 of
co)rse1 t+at s)ffcent care +as been ta3en to a2od t+er dsco2ern& b"
ordnar" 'eans t+at t+e obDects +a2e been s$ecall" 'an$)lated n an" 8a".
(ee so'e e#$er'ents recorded n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. .B>K
.B.1 and a descr$ton of Esdale5s e#$er'ents 8t+ 'es'ersed 8ater n
2ol. . $. <>@G also cases n t+e Soist, e.g. 2ol. 2. $. *.@1 and 2ol. #. $. @@.
,+1 F . %nd no8 I $ass on to a third conc)rrent lne of nference1
der2ed fro' a set of e#$er'ents 8+c+ see' n a sense to stand 'd8a"
bet8een t+e t8o classes D)st 'entoned1t+e tele$at+c1 na'el"1 and t+e
+eterFst+etc. I s$ea3 of 'edcal clar2o"ance1 or t+e $o8er of da&nosn&
t+e $resent or $ast state of a l2n& or&ans' et+er fro' act)al +i,JNK-
contact or e2en n t+e absence of t+e n2ald1 and fro' contact 8t+ so'e
obDect 8+c+ +e +as +'self to)c+ed. If '$ressons of t+s t"$e are act)all"
con2e"ed fro' one or&ans' to anot+er1 t can +ardl" be t+e case t+at
'es'erc $asses are alto&et+er nert. If t+ere s a dff)sed nfl)ence 8+c+
re2eals t+e state of a dstant $erson b" 'eans of an obDect 8+c+ +e +as
to)c+ed1 t+s s$ecfc nfl)ence s l3el" to be felt 8+en +e s n close
$ro#'t" and s f#n& +s attenton on ts co'')ncaton. %nd t+e a$$arent
effects of 'es'erc $asses s)&&est t+e $ossble e#stence of a soCcalled
a)ra19 or nfl)ence en2ronn& eac+ +)'an ben&1 8+ose l'ts t s not
eas" to defne.
*
T+e earl" 'es'ersts1 e.g. P)"sU&)r1 PUtUtn1 ,es$ne1 and Teste1 all +ad
t+e )t'ost fat+ n t+e fac)lt" of t+er s)bDects to see t+er o8n dsease and
$rescrbe t+e r&+t re'ed". T+e sa'e attt)de of 'nd can be traced all
t+ro)&+ t+e Soist. 4a+nestoc3 8as $er+a$s t+e frst to $ont o)t t+e
a'b&)t" of t+s alle&ed ntro2son. It s 8ell 3no8n to 'e19 +e sa"s1
t+at 8+en a resol)ton s ta3en1 a belef c+ers+ed1 or a deter'naton
for'ed b" $ersons 8+le n t+e so'na'b)lc state1 t+at1 8+en t+e" a8a3e1
alt+o)&+ t+e" 'a" 3no8 not+n& abo)t t or relat2e to t1 t+e" al8a"s do
8+at +as been so resol2ed or deter'ned )$on at t+e t'e a$$onted or
s$ecfed9 (Statuvoism, $. .>;)1 and +e E)otes e#$er'ents to $ro2e +s
$ont. 6t+ t+e 3no8led&e 8e no8 $ossess of t+e e#traordnar" $o8er of
selfCs)&&eston n $rod)cn& all 3nds of bodl" s"'$to's1 t s ob2o)s t+at
t+ese cases cannot be add)ced as e2dence of an"t+n& 'ore. % t"$cal
nstance of one of t+ese earl" obser2atons s to be fo)nd n t+e Soist, 2ol. #.
$. ;<=. (ee also P)"sU&)r1 7echerches sur Q'omme dans e
Somnambuisme (Pars1 *A**)1 $$. *<> et seq. and $$. .*< et seq./ PUtUtn1
8ectricit; Animae (Pars1 *A>A)G ,es$ne1 <bservations de 2;decine
&ratique (*A;A)Estelle no)s a ndE)U to)s les sors1 dans sa crse1 ce
E)5l " a2at a fare $o)r le lende'an1 tant $o)r le rU&'e al'entare E)e
$o)r les 'o"ens 'Udca'entares9 ($. ;A).
In addton to t+e belef t+at a 'es'ersed $atent 8as +s o8n best
doctor1 t+e 'es'ersts also +eld t+at so'na'b)les 8ere able clar2o"antl"
to obtan 3no8led&e of t+e state of dseased or&ans n ot+er $ersons. T+s
clar2o"ant da&noss '&+t be $erfor'ed )nder a 2aret" of condtons1
none of 8+c+ 8ere reall" essental. T+ere 8ere so'na'b)les 8+o reE)red
contact 8t+ t+e $atentG t+ere 8ere ot+ers 8+o reE)red 'ere $ro#'t"G
ot+ers ')st +andle so'e obDect 8+c+ belon&ed to t+e s)fferer. 4nall"1
ot+ers co)ld tra2el19 and da&nose t+e dsease of an absent $erson 8+o 8as
'erel" na'ed or 'erel" descrbed.
P)"sU&)r5s s)bDect1 %&nes B)r&)et1 s alle&ed b" +' to +a2e been
)nfor'l" s)ccessf)l n $ro&noss as 8ell as n da&noss. -e e'$+asses t+e
necesst" of t+e $atent5s fat+ n t+e clar2o"ante1 and t a$$ears t+at t+e
$ro$+eces 8ere anno)nced b" +er to t+e $atent1 so t+at t+ere s no
dffc)lt" n attrb)tn& t+er f)lfl'ent1 or t+e s)ccess of t+e re'edes s+e
+i,JNL- $rescrbed1 to s)&&eston. % n)'ber of nstances are &2en n t+e
8or3s of P)"sU&)r and PUtUtn 'entoned abo2eG also n Bertrand5s *u
2agn;tisme en 9rance (Pars1 *A.B). (ee t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
(e$te'ber *AAA1 $. A*1 for references to ot+er so)rces.
% &ood case of 8+at 'a" +a2e been clar2o"ant da&noss1 n 8+c+
'an" of t+e detals 'entoned 8ere 2erfed b" a $ostC'orte' e#a'naton1
s &2en n t+e Soist, 2ol. #. $. ;>=.
,+1 G . In an artcle b" Professor C+arles Rc+et1 enttled Relaton de
d2erses E#$Urences s)r la Trans'sson /entale1 la L)cdtU1 &c.19 n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. *AK*BA1 one secton s de2oted to t+e s)bDect
of clar2o"ance of 'alades. Professor Rc+et re'ar3s t+at t+ere are 'an"
'ed)'s 8+o +abt)all" &2e 'edcal cons)ltatons. T+er )s)al c)sto' s
to &o ra$dl" o2er t+e 2aro)s or&ans 8+c+ 'a" be affected1 and 8+en t+e"
co'e to t+e one 8+c+ act)all" s affected1 t+e stter s del&+ted1 and
bele2es n t+er s)ccess. T+e 'ed)' t+en arr2es E)c3l" at t+e &eneral
da&noss of t+e case1 and descrbes t+e llness accordn& to a sort of sc+e'e
8+c+ s easl" 'ade 8t+ t+e +el$ of 'edcal boo3s and t+e e#$erence
&aned b" $ractce. T+e clar2o"ants 8t+ 8+o' Professor Rc+et
e#$er'ented 8ere t+ree s)bDects of +s o8n1 8+o' +e calls %lce1 -UlUna1
and E)&Une. %lce +ad ne2er $ractsed 'edcal cons)ltatons1 and +ad
ne2er been +"$notsed b" an" one b)t Professor Rc+et. -UlUna +ad +ad a
lttle $re2o)s e#$erence of t+e 3nd1 8+le E)&Une 3e$t a cabinet de
consutations 1 and 8as ')c+ acc)sto'ed to $atents.
4ft"Ct+ree e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade1 8+c+ are recorded n f)ll1 and a far
de&ree of s)ccess 8as attaned. T+s can onl" be D)d&ed of fro' a st)d" of
t+e co'$lete record1 8+c+ I +a2e not s$ace +ere to E)oteG Professor
Rc+et5s &eneral dsc)sson (oc. ct.1 $$. *;*K*;.) s also '$ortant as
bearn& on t+e $ro$er nter$retaton of t+e $+eno'ena.
,+1 H . T+e follo8n& case 8as sent to 'e b" Professor Rc+et1 and 8as
frst $rnted n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. @*. T+e senst2e e'$lo"ed
8as one of t+e t+ree 'entoned n ,+1 G .
P%RI(1 e A 2ars, *AA@.
75a )n trPs bea) cas de l)cdtU1 E)e De 2as 2o)s raconter a2ec dUtal.
LTransation M
Vo)s ne sa2eN $e)tCOtre $as E)e 'on bea)C$Pre1 /r. 4. %.1 a UtU 'alade
asseN &ra2e'ent a $artr d) 'os d5aont1 *AA=. (C5est l) dont D5a e)
l5occason de $arler dans les &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *.B1 E#$. 0L.) Il
a UtU de $l)s en $l)s 'alade D)sE)5a) 'os de Dan2er1 *AAA. % ce 'o'ent
(Dan2er et fU2rer1 *AAA) D5nterro&e a $l)se)rs re$rses %lce La $erson
8+o' /r. Rc+et +"$notsedM s)r la santU de /r. 4. %. 75a2o)e E)e De
cro"as /r. 4. %. absol)'ent $erd)1 et )n Do)r entre a)tres en fU2rer1 *AAA1
D5a nterro&U %lceG elle '5a dt1 !e 2o)s nE)UteN $as.9 Po)r 'a $art De
cro"as E)e /r. %. ne 22rat $l)s E)e +)t Do)rs. LTransation M
,e fat1 contrare'ent a ce E)e De $ensas et ce E)e $ensaent to)s les
'Udecns1 l a a $e) $rPs &)Ur. LCertan s"'$to's1 +o8e2er1 descrbed b"
/r. Rc+et1 re'aned1 8+c+ necesstated t+e constant attenton of a s)r&cal
n)rse.M +i,JNM- X)oE)5l sot g&U (=B ans)1 E)5l s5a'a&rsse bea)co)$1 et
E)e ses forces ne s5a'Ulorent $as1 a $artr d) 'os de fU2rer1 *AAA (2ers le
@ fU2rer en2ron) l a UtU sans e'$rerY1 LTransation M
% d2erses re$rses ($e)tCOtre tros o) E)atre fos) D5a de'andU a %lce
de 'e $arler de l). Elle '5a dt1 !e 2o)s nE)UteN $asG De 2o)s en
$arlera.9 LTransation M
Il " a de)# Do)rs1 le De)d1 = 'ars1 a )ne +e)re de l5a$rPsC'd1 dPs E)e
D5a endor' %lce1 elle 'e dt (ce sont ses $aroles te#t)elles E)e De co$e
d5a$rPs la stUno&ra$+e E)e D5a $rse)J 75a2as +gte de 2o)s 2orG De 2o)las
2o)s 2or +er $o)r 2o)s $arler de /. %. O) l est $l)s so)ffrant o) l 2a
a2or )ne crseG de la fP2re1 de l5altUraton1 de la fat&)e. X)el 'a)2as
'o'entZ Le 'al s5a&&ra2eG l est trPs abatt). Il ne fa)t ren attendre $o)r
cette crseCla.9 (Cela s&nfe E)e la crse ne se ter'nera $as $ar la 'ort.)
Il ne $o)rra $as bo)&er n fare )n 'o)2e'ent. La do)le)r est s)rto)t dans
les rens1 a &a)c+e1 et trPs forte. Ce ne sera $as la dernPre crse. Il la
s)$$ortera encore. Elle a)ra le) a2ant $e)1 dans de)# o) tros Do)rs. Elle
sera $l)s forte E)e to)tes celles E)5l a e) de$)s )n an. Le 'o'ent
a$$roc+e. Il so)ffrra 'ons a la fn. Il 'o)rra a) 'o'ent oo 2o)s ne 2o)s "
attendreN $asG ce n5est $as dans )ne crse E)5l 'o)rra. Il ne $o)rra $as
$rendre d5al'ents1 on l) 'o)lle les lP2res.Y Il a2at $e)r de 'o)rrG
'antenant c5est ben c+an&U1 et l est $l)s ndffUrent.9 LTransation M
*
Vola ce E)e '5a dt %lce a )ne +e)re le De)d. Ce 'O'e De)d sor1 en
rentrant c+eN 'o1 De tro)2e 'a fe''e fort nE)Pte1 et elle 'e raconte E)e
dans la n)t d) 'ercred a) De)d1 2ers )ne +e)re d) 'atnL+ere / Rc+et
relates n detal +o8 for t+e frst t'e for t+rteen 'ont+s t+e attendant +ad
been )nable to assst /r. %.1 8+o +ad been n &reat a&on" for t+ree +o)rs1
)ntl at len&t+ a s)r&eon 8as sent for1 8t+ 8+ose ad t+e s)ffern&s of t+e
$atent 8ere nstantl" rele2ed.M Il est U2dent1 et 'O'e absol)'ent snr1
E)5%lce n5a $) sa2or celaG 'oC'O'e De l5&noras absol)'ent a )ne +e)re.
Y LTransation M
Il fa)t noter co''e essentel E)e de$)s )n an et )n 'os Da'as /r. %.
n5a e) )ne crse a)ss forte et a2ec a)tant d5an&osse E)e dans la n)t de
'ercred a De)d. LTransation M
L(&nedM C-. RIC-ET.
,+1 - . It 8ll be fo)nd as 8e $roceed t+at n eac+ drecton n t)rn
s)&&est2e d"na'o&en" leads )$ to so'e defnte for' of s)$ernor'al
fac)lt". T+)s1 to be&n 8t+1 t+ese +eterFst+esF1 or ne8 sensbltes to
l2n& ben&s1 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are for t+e 'o'ent concerned1 &lde nsensbl"
nto co'')nt" of sensaton9 and 'edcal clar2o"ance.9 T+e $erce$ton1
t+at s to sa"1 of so'e or&anc nfl)ence fro' a $erson n $ro#'t" $asses
on nto $erce$ton of t+e sensatons 8+c+ t+at $erson s e#$erencn&1 and
t+en of t+e state of +s bod" 8+c+ &2es rse to t+ose sensatons. In sa"n&1
+o8e2er1 t+at t+e narro8er and nearer fac)ltes $ass on9 nto t+e 8der and
'ore re'ote1 I a' b" no 'eans assertn& t+at t+ere s a real contn)t" of
o$eraton1as t+o)&+ t+e sa'e a&ences 8ere actn& 8t+ less or &reater
$o8er. On t+e ot+er +and1 I bele2e t+at eac+ of t+ese a$$arentl" &rad)al
seres n2ol2es a f)nda'ental transton fro' or&anc to s$rt)al fac)ltesG
fro' $o8ers de2elo$ed b" nat)ral +i,JNN- selecton on eart+1 and
e#ercsed t+ro)&+ t+e 'ateral or&ans'1 to $o8ers der2ed fro' t+e
'etet+eral 8orld1 and e#ercsed n s$te of1 rat+er t+an b" ad of1 t+e
'ateral or&ans'. T+ere ')st1 ndeed1 on s)c+ a +"$ot+ess e#st
so'e8+ere a )nt" 'ore f)nda'ental e2en t+an t+at d2sonG snce t+e
terrene fac)ltes ')st needs be der2ed and narro8ed fro' t+e cos'cal
fac)ltes1 and t+e la8s of 'atter ')st for' an ncdental case of t+e 'ore
)n2ersal la8s of s$rt. T+e t'e1 +o8e2er1 +as certanl" not "et co'e at
8+c+ 8e can atte'$t an" real f)son of t+at narro8er or 'ateral sc+e'e of
la8sof 8+c+ 8e 3no8 so'et+n& alread"8t+ t+at 8der or s$rt)al
sc+e'e1 8+ose e#stence 8e 'erel" nfer fro' certan resd)al $+eno'ena
8+c+ t+e la8s of 'atter as 3no8n to )s 8ll not e#$lan.
%nd t+erefore n t+s seral en)'eraton of t+e effects of +"$notc
s)&&eston I 8ll not for t+e 'o'ent $ress t+ese +eterFst+esF f)rt+er1 so as
to tr" to lead t+e' on nto clar2o"ance1 b)t 8ll rat+er lea2e t+e 2aro)s
s)$ernor'al $o8ers nto 8+c+ +"$nots' ntrod)ces )s to be dealt 8t+
to&et+er at a 'ore ad2anced $ont n t+e dsc)sson.
,+1 K . /edca'ento)s s)bstances +a2e also been cla'ed b" 'an"
dfferent +"$notsts as e#ertn& fro' a lttle dstance1 or 8+en n sealed
t)bes1 s$ecfc nfl)ences on $atents. T+e $+eno'enon s of t+e sa'e
nat)re as t+e alle&ed s$ecfc nfl)ences of 'etals1all ben& 2er" $ossbl"
e#$lcable as t+e 'ere frea3 of selfCs)&&eston. T+s e#$lanaton 8as
offered lon& a&o b" Brad1 and I E)ote t+e follo8n& acco)nt of t+e
e#$er'ents 8t+ 8+c+ +e s)$$orted t fro' an artcle b" ,r. Bra'8ell1
enttled 7a'es BradG +s 6or3 and 6rtn&s19 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.
$. *.= et seq.
In Brad5s t'e t+e 'es'ersts +eld t+at 'a&nets1 certan 'etals1
cr"stals1 &c.1 $ossessed a $ec)lar $o8er and1 8t+ senst2e s)bDects1 8ere
ca$able of $rod)cn& attracton and ot+er re'ar3able $+eno'ena. (o'e
e#$erenced an )n$leasant sensaton l3e an a)ra1 ot+ers &ot +eadac+e1 or
attac3s of fantn& or catale$s"1 8t+ s$as's so 2olent t+at t+e" a$$arentl"
endan&ered lfe. 4reE)entl" t+ere 8as +"$erFst+esa of t+e s$ecal senses.
/an" also fanced t+e" sa8 fer" b)ndles of l&+t strea' fro' t+e $oles of
t+e 'a&net. %ll t+s 8as sad to +a$$en e2en 8+en t+e s)bDects dd not see
t+e 'a&nets and dd not 3no8 8+at 8as ben& done. Brad $erfor'ed 'an"
e#$er'ents n order to test t+ese state'ents1 8t+ t+e follo8n& res)ltsJ t+e
$+eno'ena a$$eared 8+en t+e $atents +ad $reconce2ed deas on t+e
s)bDect1 or 8+en t+ese 8ere e#cted b" leadn& E)estons1 b)t 8ere
n2arabl" absent 8+en t+e" 8ere &norant of 8+at 8as ben& done.
Pretended 'a&nets also $rod)ced t+e $+eno'ena 8+en t+e $atents 3ne8
8+at 8as e#$ected to occ)r. Rec+enbac+ recorded an nstance 8+ere1 b"
t+e 'ere e#$os)re of a senst2e $late n a bo# 8t+ a 'a&net1 an '$resson
+ad been 'ade1 as f t +ad been e#$osed to t+e f)ll nfl)ence of t+e l&+t.
Brad re$eated t+e e#$er'ent1 and also +ad s'lar ones $erfor'ed for +'
b" an e#$ert $+oto&ra$+er1 and1 8+en all so)rces of fallac" 8ere &)arded
a&anst1 t+e res)lts 8ere n2arabl" ne&at2e. %ccordn& to Brad1 t+e 'nd
of t+e $atent alone 8as s)ffcent to $rod)ce t+e effects attrb)ted to
'a&netc or od"llc force1 and s)&&ested deas 8ere ca$able of e#ctn& a
&reat 2aret" of $+"scal sensatons and 'ental condtons.
+i,JNO-
L-ere follo8s an acco)nt of an e#$er'ent of Brad5s to s+o8 t+at
s)&&eston 8as t+e tr)e e#$lanaton of t+e s)$$osed 'es'erc $o8ers of
'a&nets and certan 'etals. % $+"scan +a2n& de'onstrated to +' t+e
effects $rod)ced b" a 'a&net on a 'es'ersed $atent1 Brad n t)rn s+o8ed
t+at +e co)ld $rod)ce effects of D)st t+e sa'e 3nd on +er b" 'eans of a 3e"
and rn&1all t+at 8as necessar" ben& to 'enton n +er $resence t+at
certan s$ecfed effects 8o)ld follo8 fro' +er +oldn& or to)c+n& t n
s$ecfed 8a"s.M
In *A<; Brad referred to Ellotson5s belef n t+e $o8ers of certan
'etals1 and to 6a3le"5s e#$er'ents. T+e latter1 o$eratn& 8t+ a nonC
'es'ersn& 'etal1 'ade t+e $atent bele2e +e 8as )sn& a 'es'ersn&
one1 8+ere)$on s+e fell aslee$G and +e concl)ded t+at all t+e s)bDects 8ere
'$ostors. Brad dened t+s1 assertn& t+at t+e act2e a&ent 8as s'$l" t+e
'a&naton1 and t+at t+e 'etals 8ere net+er 'es'erc nor nonC'es'erc.
In t+e sa'e 8a" +e e#$laned t+e acton of t+e 8ooden tractors 8+c+ ,r.
-a"art+1 n *=@@1 s)ccessf)ll" s)bstt)ted for t+e 'etal ones of /r. Per3ns.
T+e latter conssted of t8o $eces of 'etal1 one a$$arentl" of ron and t+e
ot+er of brass1 abo)t t+ree nc+es lon&1 bl)nt at one end and $onted at t+e
ot+er. T+e" 8ere n2ented b" ,r. Els+a Per3ns1 of !or8c+1 Connectc)t1
8+o n *=@B too3 o)t a $atent for t+e'1 and 8ere a$$led b" dra8n& t+e'
l&+tl" o2er t+e $art affected for abo)t t8ent" 'n)tes. T+s 'et+od of
treat'ent1 8+c+ 8as 2er" fas+onable at one t'e1 8as ter'ed Per3ns'1
n +ono)r of ts n2entor.Y
T+e $o8er of 'a&naton and e#cted attenton n $rod)cn& a s$ecfc
nfl)ence n a +ealt+" $erson1 8as bea)tf)ll" ll)strated1 +e sad1 n t+e
follo8n& caseJ L-a2n& read an acco)nt of certan 'edcnes 8+c+ co)ld
'anfest t+er nfl)ence t+ro)&+ &lass1 t+e $atent s'$l" +oldn& t+e closed
$+al n +s +and1 +e too3 a $+al and flled t 8t+ colo)red 8ater. -e t+en
stated n t+e $resence of a lad"1 8+o 8as not +"$notsed1 t+at t 8o)ld act as
an e'etc t+ro)&+ t+e &lass1 and as3ed +er to +old t n +er +and1 and tr" t+e
effect. %l'ost at once s+e felt t+e a$$ro$rate sensatons1 and 2o'tn& 8as
a$$arentl" ''nent 8+en Brad sto$$ed t b" &2n& +er a second $+al1
8+c+ +e sad 8o)ld ne)tralse t+e effect of t+e frst.M
T+ese 2e8s of t+e s$ecfc acton of dfferent 'etals1 &c.1 8ere re22ed
b" t+e (al$OtrPre (c+ool and a fe8 ot+er +"$notstsG b)t tests b" 'ore
caref)l obser2ers +a2e a&an $ractcall" $ro2ed t+e res)lts obtaned to be
d)e to s)&&eston It s not eno)&+ 'erel" to abstan fro' 'entonn& to t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect 8+at s)bstance s ben& )sed n t+e e#$er'entG t s
necessar" also to re'e'ber +s e#traordnar" ac)teness n $c3n& )$ +nts
fro' t+e 2oce1 &est)res1 or facal e#$resson of all t+e $ersons $resent 8t+
+'1e2en 8+en +e a$$ears to be n a totall" )nconsco)s condton. 4or
t+s reason no e#$er'ent of t+s 3nd can be consdered e2dental f t+e
e#$er'enters t+e'sel2es 3no8 8+at s)bstance s ben& e'$lo"ed.
T+e Co''ttee a$$onted b" t+e Pars %cadU'e de /Udecne to test
t+e e#$er'ents of L)"sone of t+e 'ost notoro)s e#$onents of t+e
doctrne of s$ecfc nfl)ences n t+e $resent da"fo)nd t+at 8+en t+e
s)bstances 8ere 8ra$$ed )$ so as to be ndstn&)s+able1 and t+e
e#$er'enters dd not 3no8 8+c+ t+e" 8ere )sn&contrar" +i,JOP- to
L)"s5 o8n $ractceno s$ecfc res)lts follo8ed. T+e Re$ort of t+s
Co''ttee 8as $resented b" ,)DardnCBea)'etN n *AAA.
T+e follo8n& $assa&e s fro' ,r. Bra'8ell5s artcle D)st E)oted (op.
cit., $. *?B).
Before Brad a$$recated t+e 'ental nfl)ence n +"$noss1 +e 8as
nclned to bele2e n $+renolo&"1 and t+e sa'e ca)se see's to +a2e led t+e
(al$OtrPre (c+ool nto error as to t+e acton of 'a&nets1 'etals1 and
'edcnes n sealed t)bes. T+at all t+ese o8ed t+er 2rt)e to s)&&eston 8as
clearl" de'onstrated b" BradG "et1 des$te t+s fact1 t+e 'etalloC
t+era$e)tcs of B)rE 8ere re22ed b" C+arcot and +s dsc$les1 and ,r.
L)"s stll $la"s 8t+ +s ndaCr)bber dolls1 and Professor Bened3t 8t+ +s
'a&nets. %n acco)nt1 b" ,r. 4. Peterson and ot+ers1 of Professor Bened3t5s
t+eor" of t+e acton of 'a&nets1 and of t+e e#$er'ental e#$os)re of ts
fallaco)s nat)re1 read before t+e !e8 Yor3 %cade'" of /edcne1 closel"
rese'bles 8+at 8as sad and done b" Brad on t+e sa'e s)bDect. %ccordn&
to Professor Bened3t1 certan for's of +"stera are better treated b" t+e
'a&net t+an b" electrct"1 +"dro$at+"1 or dr)&s. 6+en a 'a&net s a$$led
to t+e senst2e 2ertebrF 8t+o)t re'o2al of t+e dress1 t+e rrtable $atent
soon beco'es E)et and e2en E)asC$aral"sed1 t+e ')scles &rad)all" rela#1
t+e res$raton beco'es s&+n&1 consco)sness slo8l" dsa$$earsG t+e
resstance to cond)cton n 'otor ner2es co)ld easl" beco'e absol)te. T+e
t8o $oles +a2e dfferent effects1 t+e 'a&net ')st be e'$lo"ed 8t+ ca)ton1
$atents 'a" be nD)red b" t.9 T+ese state'ents 8ere tested n %'ercaG
'a&nets of enor'o)s $o8er 8ere )sed1 and e#$er'ents 'ade on +)'an
s)bDects and lo8er an'als. % "o)n& do& 8as s)bDected to 'a&netc
nfl)ence for f2e +o)rsG b)t1 nstead of ben& $aral"sed fro' ncreased
resstance to cond)cton n 'otor ner2es19 on ben& lberated1 t 8as 'ore
l2el" t+an before. T+e e#$er'enters concl)de t+at t+e +)'an or&ans' s
n no 8se a$$recabl" affected b" t+e 'ost $o8erf)l 'a&nets 3no8n to
'odern scenceG t+at net+er drect nor re2ersed 'a&nets' e#erts an"
$erce$tble nfl)ence )$on t+e ron contaned n t+e blood1 )$on t+e
crc)laton1 )$on clar" or $roto$las'c 'o2e'ents1 )$on sensor" or 'otor
ner2es1 or )$on t+e bran. T+e ordnar" 'a&nets )sed n 'edcne19 t+e"
sa"1 +a2e a $)rel" s)&&est2e or $s"c+c effect1 and 8o)ld n all $robablt"
be E)te as )sef)l f 'ade of 8ood.9
,+( A . 6e no8 co'e to t+e effects of +"$notc s)&&eston n $rod)cn&
certan defnte c+an&es n t+e 2asoC'otor s"ste'1 n &lands and secretons1
&c. I &2e a fe8 e#a'$les n t+s and t+e t8o ne#t %$$endces. In t+e
7evue de Q'ypnotisme, (e$te'ber *A@*1 $. A?1 ,e 7on& re$orts a co'$lete
c)re ac+e2ed b" s)&&eston1 of a 'ost des$erate case of +F'orr+a&" n a
bo" of nne. T+e s"'$to's frst a$$eared 8+en +e 8as e&+teen 'ont+s
old. One of +s ssters +ad ded of t+e sa'e dsease. T+e loss of blood1
t+ro)&+ t+e nose or t+ro)&+ t+e 'o)t+1 occ)rred rre&)larl"1 at nter2als
so'et'es of t8o 'ont+s1 so'et'es of t8o 8ee3s.
Grasset (n 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, !o2e'ber *AA=1 $. *<*) re$orts
so'e cases n 8+c+1 b" +"$notc s)&&eston1 +e arrested loss of blood
t+ro)&+ t+e 'o)t+ n +"stercal $atents.
+i,JOG-
,+( B . ,r. B)rot n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7an)ar" *A@>1 $. *@=1
re$orts t+e case of a $atent 8+ose ar's 8ere contracted b" +"stercal
attac3s1 t+e contract)re ben& acco'$aned b" local as$+"#a of t+e +ands1
8+c+ lasted for se2eral 8ee3s. Bot+ +ands 8ere s8ollen and 2olet n
colo)r1 and of a te'$erat)re far belo8 t+e nor'al. T+e te'$erat)re 8as
rased da" b" da" b" +"$notc s)&&eston1 8+c+ at len&t+ c)red t+e
as$+"#a. %t a later sta&e t rec)rred1 b)t 8as fo)nd 'ore a'enable to
treat'ent. It also a$$eared t+at t+e te'$erat)re co)ld be lo8ered as 8ell as
rased b" s)&&eston. T+e contract)re al8a"s rec)rred 8+en t+e as$+"#a
8as bro)&+t bac3 b" s)&&eston.
Professor Bea)ns and ,r. RrafftCEbn& +a2e slo8ed t+e $)lse b"
+"$notc s)&&eston1
*
and t+ese sa2ants1 as 8ell as Professor Bern+e'1 /.
4ocac+on and ot+ers1 +a2e $rod)ced redness and blsters b" t+e sa'e
'eans. ,rs. /ablle1 Ra'ader1 Bo)rr)1 B)rot1 +a2e $rod)ced localsed
+"$erF'a1 e$sta#s1 ecc+"'oss.
.
,r. 4orel and ot+ers +a2e restored
arrested secretons at a $recsel" f#ed +o)r.
;
,r. RrafftCEbn& +as $rod)ced
a rse of te'$erat)re at 'o'ents f#ed b" +'selfa rse1 for nstance1
fro' ;= to ;A.? C.
<
B)rot +as lo8ered t+e te'$erat)re of a +and as ')c+
as *> C. b" s)&&eston.
?
-e s)$$oses t+at t+e 'ec+ans' e'$lo"ed s t+e
constrcton of t+e brac+al arter"1 beneat+ t+e bce$s. -o8 can t be19 +e
as3s1 t+at 8+en one 'erel" sa"s to t+e s)bDect1 H"o)r +and 8ll beco'e
cold1I t+e 2asoC'otor ner2o)s s"ste' ans8ers b" constrctn& t+e arter" to
t+e de&ree necessar" to ac+e2e t+e res)lt desredW CQest ce qui d;passe
notre imagination.9
,+( C . T+e follo8n& s a s)''ar" of a case of t+e c)re of
+"$er+"dross re$orted b" ,r. Bra'8ell n t+e )ritish 2edica 1ourna,
(e$te'ber *>t+1 *A@AJ
/ss B.1 a&ed ffteen1 7an)ar" *A@>. On t+e bac3 of t+e left ar'1 D)st
abo2e t+e 8rst1 a $atc+ of s3n .m nc+es lon& b" *m broad 8as t+e seat of
constant $ers$raton. T+s +ad e#sted fro' earl" c+ld+ood1 8as al8a"s
e#cess2e1 and n2arabl" rendered 'ore so b" e#erton or e'oton. T+e
forear' 8as al8a"s en2elo$ed n banda&es1 b)t t+ese ra$dl" beca'e
sat)rated1 and t+e $ers$raton dr$$ed )$on t+e floor. On 7an)ar" *>t+ t+e
$atent 8as +"$notsed for t+e frst t'e1 and so'na'b)ls' nd)ced. B"
t+e follo8n& da" t+e $ers$raton +ad 'ar3edl" d'ns+edG t+e $atent 8as
a&an +"$notsed1 8+en t+e $ers$raton ceased. T8o "ears later t+ere +ad
been no rela$se.
,+3 A . T+e best 3no8n and n so'e res$ects best obser2ed 'odern +i,
JOH- case of st&'atsaton s t+at of Lo)se Latea). In s$te of Vrc+o85s
fa'o)s alternat2e 8t+ re&ard to t+s case1 ou supercherie, ou mirace, t+e
facts are no8 t+oro)&+l" establs+ed and &enerall" acce$ted b"
$+"solo&sts1 and1 fro' t+e $ont of 2e8 of t+s boo31 t+e" fall nat)rall"
eno)&+ a'on& s)bl'nal res$onses to selfCs)&&eston. T+e" +a2e an
nterestn& bearn&1 too1 on 'edae2al tradtons of st&'atsaton n (t.
4rancs of %sss and ot+ers.
Lo)se Latea) 8as born n 7an)ar" *A?>1 n t+e 2lla&e of Bos d5-ane1
-ana)lt1 Bel&)'. Bot+ +er $arents 8ere rob)st and +ard" $ersons1 8+o
+ad ne2er s)ffered fro' an" for' of +F'orr+a&e or of ner2o)s dst)rbance1
and t s f)rt+er note8ort+" t+at Lo)se +erself +ad &ood +ealt+ )$ to t+e a&e
of se2enteen1 8as acc)sto'ed to +ard 8or31 and +ad s+o8n a lar&e a'o)nt
of $+"scal end)rance1 8as noted for +er co''on sense and $o8er of selfC
control1 and bore a &ood c+aracter 8t+ all +er ne&+bo)rs and
acE)antances1 s+o8n& no traces1 et+er $+"scal or 'oral1 of an" +"stercal
tendences.
%n llness of an ndefnte c+aracter1 n2ol2n& ntense ne)ral&c $ans1
be&an n *AB=1 and ncreased )$ to /arc+ *ABA. %t t+at t'e +er a$$ette
8as co'$letel" &one1 and for an entre 'ont+ s+e too3 not+n& b)t 8ater
and t+e 'edcnes $rescrbed for +er. On %$rl *Bt+ s+e 8as t+o)&+t to be
d"n&1 and rece2ed t+e (acra'ent. 4ro' t+at da" s+e so ra$dl" '$ro2ed
t+at on t+e . *st s+e 8as able to 8al3 to t+e $ars+ c+)rc+1 a dstance of
t+reeCE)arters of a 'le1 and +er re'ar3able c)re 8as t+e frst ncdent t+at
attracted $)blc attenton.
T+ree da"s later t+e st&'ata frst a$$eared1 and t+rteen 8ee3s later1 on
7)l" *=t+1 s+e be&an to e#+bt t+e $+eno'ena of ecstas"1 d)rn& 8+c+
t+ere 8as a co'$lete s)s$enson of t+e e#ercse of t+e senses. T+s occ)rred
e2er" 4rda" fro' 7)l" *=t+ on8ards1 t+e attac3 lastn& fro' abo)t A.;>
%./. to B P./. (+e 8as t+en entrel" )nconsco)s of +er s)rro)ndn&s1 b)t on
8a3n& +ad a clear recollecton of all t+at +ad $assed t+ro)&+ +er 'nd
d)rn& t+e attac3.
T+e frst a$$earance of blood ss)n& fro' t+e s3n occ)rred on 4rda"1
%$rl .<t+1 *ABA1 8+en s+e sa8 t flo8n& fro' a s$ot on t+e left sde of +er
c+est. In accordance 8t+ +er ordnar" reser2ed +abts1 s+e 3e$t slence on
t+e s)bDect. T+e follo8n& 4rda" s+e a&an re'ar3ed t on t+e sa'e s$ot1
and also on t+e )$$er s)rface of eac+ foot1 and s+e no8 'entoned t n
confesson to t+e $rest1 8+o reass)red +er1 and bade +er not to s$ea3 of t+e
crc)'stance. On t+e t+rd 4rda"1 /a" At+1 blood be&an to ooNe d)rn& t+e
n&+t fro' t+e left sde and bot+ feet1 and b" @ o5cloc3 t also flo8ed fro'
t+e $al's and bac3s of bot+ t+e +ands. 4nall"1 on (e$te'ber .At+1 t+e
fore+ead also beca'e 'ost 8t+ blood1 and t+ese bleedn&s rec)rred
re&)larl" e2er" 4rda" )$ to %$rl *?t+1 *A=>1 8+en ,r. Lefeb2re $)bls+ed
+s re$ort1 and later1 n *A=.1 8+en ,r. 6arlo'ont $)bls+ed +s.
It 8as t+e rel&o)s a)t+ortes 8+o reE)ested ,r. Lefeb2re1 an e'nent
Lo)2an $+"scan and )n2erst" $rofessor1 and a s$ecalst n ner2o)s
dseases1 to )nderta3e t+e e#a'naton of t+e case. (+e 8as )nder +s
s)$erntendence fro' %)&)st ;>t+1 *ABA1 for t8ent" 8ee3s1 d)rn& 8+c+
t'e +e too3 'ore t+an a +)ndred 'edcal frends to e#a'ne t+e
$+eno'ena.
On an" da" d)rn& t+e 8ee31 fro' (at)rda" tll T+)rsda" 'ornn&1 t+ere
8as on t+e bac3 and $al' of eac+ +and an o2al s$ot or $atc+1 redder t+an
t+e rest of t+e s3n1 and abo)t +alf an nc+ n ts lon&est da'eterG t+ese
$atc+es +i,JOI- 8ere dr" and so'e8+at &lstenn& on t+e s)rface1 and t+e
centres of t+e t8o e#actl" corres$onded. On t+e dors)' and sole of eac+
foot t+ere 8ere s'lar 'ar3s1 nearl" t+reeCE)arters of an nc+ n len&t+. T+e
'ar3s on t+e fore+ead 8ere not $er'anent1 and1 e#ce$t on 4rda"s1 t+e
$onts fro' 8+c+ t+e blood esca$ed co)ld not be dstn&)s+ed. T+e s&ns
anno)ncn& t+e a$$roac+n& bleedn& be&an to s+o8 t+e'sel2es on
T+)rsda" abo)t noon. Bleedn& al'ost al8a"s be&an bet8een 'dn&+t and
* %./. on 4rda". T+e st&'ata dd not all bleed at once1 b)t s)ccess2el"1 n
no f#ed order. On t+e c+est t+e st&'a la" n t+e s$ace bet8een t+e fft+
and s#t+ rbs1 e#ternal to and a lttle belo8 t+e left breast1 and t+e blood
ooNed fro' a crc)lar s$ot nearl" a E)arter of an nc+ n da'eter. On t+e
fore+ead t+e blood 8as seen to ss)e fro' t8el2e or ffteen 'n)te $onts1
arran&ed n crc)lar for'. % band1 t8o fn&ers n breadt+1 $assn& ro)nd t+e
+ead eE)dstant fro' t+e e"ebro8s and t+e roots of t+e +ar1 8o)ld ncl)de
t+s bleedn& None1 8+c+ 8as $)ff" and $anf)l on $ress)re.
,r. Lefeb2re est'ated t+e E)antt" of blood lost on eac+ occason at
abo)t se2enCe&+t+s of a E)art. T+e bleedn& lasted t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs. On
t+e (at)rda" t+e st&'ata 8ere E)te dr"1 8t+ occasonal lttle scales of
dred blood on t+er s)rface1 and E)te $anless.
T+e c+ef a)t+ort" for t+s case s ,r. Lefeb2re5s re$ort1 .ouise .ateau
de )ois dQ'aineV sa Cie, ses 80tases, ses Stigmates (Lo)2an1 *A=>). ,r.
6arlo'ont e#a'ned +er s# "ears later1 and fo)nd t+at t+e $laces of t+e
st&'ata +ad beco'e contn)o)sl" $anf)l1 and t+at t+ere 8as an addtonal
st&'a on t+e r&+t s+o)lder.
%n e#cellent and crc)'stantal En&ls+ acco)nt1 based on Lefeb2re5s
re$ort1 8as $)bls+ed n 2acmianQs 2aga3ine, %$rl *A=* (2ol. ##. $$.
<AA et seq.)1 and t+e abo2e s)''ar" s c+efl" fo)nded on t+s.
GTrres5 Christiche 2ystiB, translated nto 4renc+ )nder t+e ttle of .a
2ystique *ivine, naturee et diaboique (*AB.)1 and A .etter $rom the 8ar
o$ Shre#sbury, descriptive o$ the 8statica o$ Cadarno, &c. (*A<.)1 &2e
so'e earler cases1 t+e 'ost '$ortant of 8+c+ s t+at of /ara /Trl1 t+e
Estatca of Caldarno (*A*.K*ABA).
,+3 B . T+ree cases of t+e $rod)cton of cr)cfor' 'ar3s re$orted b"
,r. B&&s1 of L'a1 a$$eared n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. *>>1 and I
E)ote one of t+e'.
<ctober *Ath, *AA?.
Y%not+er caseY8as t+e frst of t+s 3nd of e#$er'ent t+at I tredG t
8as n (anta Barbara1 Calforna. I 8as sta"n& t+ere n *A=@ 8t+ a frend1
/r. G.1 a lon&Cresdent c+e'st n t+at to8n. -s 8fe +ad a 3nd of +alf
ser2ant and +alf co'$anon1 a &rl of abo)t e&+teen1 8+o co'$laned to 'e
one da" of a $an t+ro)&+ +er c+est. 6t+o)t +er 3no8n& 8+at I ntended to
do1 I tred 'a&nets'G s+e fell nto a dee$ 'a&netc slee$ n a fe8 'n)tes.
6t+ t+s s)bDect I tred 'an" nterestn& e#$er'ents1 8+c+ I 8ll $ass
o2er. One da" I 'a&netsed +er as )s)al1 and told +er n a 8+s$er (I +ad
fo)nd +er to be 'ore s)sce$tble t+s 8a" t+an 8+en I s$o3e alo)d n '"
)s)al 2oce)1 Yo) 8ll +a2e a red cross a$$ear on t+e )$$er $art of "o)r
c+est1 onl" on e2er" 4rda". In t+e co)rse of so'e t'e t+e 8ords Sancta
abo2e t+e cross1 and Crucis )nderneat+ t 8ll a$$ear alsoG at sa'e t'e a
lttle blood 8ll co'e fro' t+e cross.9 In '" 2est $oc3et I +ad a cross of
roc3 cr"stal. I +i,JOJ- o$ened t+e to$ b)tton of +er dress and $laced t+s
cross on t+e )$$er $art of t+e 'an)br)'1 a $ont s+e co)ld not see )nless
b" ad of a loo3n&C&lass1 sa"n& to +er1 This s t+e s$ot 8+ere t+e cross
8ll a$$ear.9 T+s 8as on a T)esda". I as3ed /rs. G. to 8atc+ t+e &rl and
tell 'e f an"t+n& see'ed to al +er. !e#t da" /rs. G. told 'e s+e +ad seen
t+e &rl no8 and a&an $)t +er left 8rst o2er t+e to$ $art of +er c+est1 o2er
t+e dressG t+s 8as freE)entl" re$eated1 as f s+e felt so'e tc3ln& or sl&+t
rrtaton abo)t t+e $art1 b)t not ot+er8se notcedG s+e see'ed to carr" +er
+and )$ no8 and t+en )nconsco)sl". 6+en 4rda" ca'e I sad1 after
brea3fast1 Co'e1 let 'e 'a&netse "o) a lttleG "o) +a2e not +ad a dose for
se2eral da"s.9 (+e 8as al8a"s 8lln& to be 'a&netsed1 as s+e al8a"s
e#$ressed +erself as feeln& 2er" ')c+ rested and co'fortable after8ards.
In a fe8 'n)tes s+e 8as n a dee$ slee$. I )nb)ttoned t+e to$ $art of +er
dress1 and t+ere1 to '" co'$lete and )tter astons+'ent1 8as a $n3 cross1
e#actl" o2er t+e $lace 8+ere I +ad $)t t+e one of cr"stal. It a$$eared e2er"
4rda"1 and 8as n2sble on all ot+er da"s. T+s 8as seen b" /r. and /rs.
G.1 and '" old frend and collea&)e1 ,r. B.1 8+o +ad beco'e ')c+
nterested n '" e#$er'ents n 'a&nets'1 and often s)&&ested t+e class of
e#$er'ents +e 8s+ed to see tred. %bo)t s# 8ee3s after t+e cross frst
a$$eared I +ad occason to ta3e a tr$ to t+e (and8c+ Islands. Before &on&
I 'a&netsed t+e &rl1 told +er t+at t+e cross 8o)ld 3ee$ on s+o8n& tself
e2er" 4rda" for abo)t fo)r 'ont+s. I ntended '" tr$ to t+e Islands to last
abo)t t+ree 'ont+s. I dd t+s to sa2e t+e &rl fro' t+e nflcton of t+s 'ar3
so stran&el" a$$earn& $er+a$s for a lfet'e1 n case an"t+n& '&+t +a$$en
to 'e and $re2ent 'e fro' seen& +er a&an. I also as3ed ,r. B. and /r. G.
to 8rte 'e b" e2er" 'al to -onol)l)1 and tell 'e f t+e cross 3e$t on
a$$earn& e2er" 4rda"1 and to be 2er" caref)l to note an" c+an&e1 s+o)ld
an" ta3e $lace1 s)c+ as t+e s)r&n& of blood or an" a$$earance of t+e 8ords
Sancta Crucis. I 8as rat+er c)ro)s to 3no8 f dstance bet8een )s1 t+e &rl
and '"self1 o2er .>>> 'les1 'ade an" dfference n t+e a$$arton of t+e
cross. 6+le I 8as at t+e (and8c+ Islands I rece2ed t8o letters fro' /r.
G. and one fro' ,r. B. b" t+ree dfferent 'als1 eac+ telln& t+at t+e cross
3e$t on 'a3n& ts a$$earance as )s)alG blood +ad been notced once1 and
also $art of t+e letter ( abo2e t+e cross1 not+n& 'ore. I ret)rned n a lttle
less t+an t+ree 'ont+s. T+e cross stll 'ade ts a$$earance e2er" 4rda"1 and
dd so for abo)t a 'ont+ 'ore1 b)t &ettn& $aler and $aler )ntl t beca'e
n2sble1 as nearl" as $ossble fo)r 'ont+s fro' t+e t'e I left for t+e
(and8c+ Islands. T+e abo2eC'entoned "o)n& 8o'an 8as a nat2e
Calfornan1 of ($ans+ $arenta&e1 abo)t e&+teen "ears of a&e1 of tolerabl"
&ood +ealt+1 $arents and &rand$arents al2e. (+e 8as of far nat)ral
ntell&ence b)t )tterl" &norant and )ned)cated.Y
/. -. BIGG(1 /.,.
To t+s acco)nt Ed')nd G)rne" adds n a noteJ
%s to t+e frst t8o of t+ese cases Lt+e one E)oted abo2e and anot+erM1 t
s $ossble to s)$$ose t+at t+e +"$notc s)&&eston too3 effect ndrectl"1 b"
ca)sn& t+e &rls to r)b a $atc+ of t+e r&+t s+a$e. T+e s)&&eston 'a" +a2e
been rece2ed as a co''and1 and t+ere 8o)ld be not+n& 2er" s)r$rsn& n
a s)bDect5s a)to'atcall" ado$tn& t+e r&+t 'eans to f)lfl a $re2o)s
+"$notc co''and. %nd e2en t+e t+rd case '&+t be so acco)nted for1 f
t+e r)bbn& too3 $lace n slee$. %t t+e sa'e t'e t 8o)ld be ras+1 I t+n31
absol)tel" to reDect t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e 'ore drect effect LT+e +i,JOK-
8rter &oes on to E)ote ot+er cases of t+e farCreac+n& effects of +"$notc
s)&&eston n $rod)cn& or&anc c+an&es1 8t+ 8+c+ t+ese 'a" be
co'$aredG and $onts o)t t+e dffc)ltes n t+e 8a" of an" $recse
$+"solo&cal e#$lanaton of t+e affecton of areas of t+e bod" t+at +a2e no
defnte $+"solo&cal l't.M
,+3 C . %not+er re'ar3able %'ercan case of st&'atsaton 8as
re$orted n t+e Courier,1ourna, Lo)s2lle1 R".1 ,ece'ber =t+1 *A@*1 on
t+e a)t+ort" of ,r. /. 4. Coo'es and of se2eral ot+er $+"scans.
%ccordn& to ,r. Coo'es5 acco)nt1 a certan /rs. (t)c3enbor& see's to
+a2e bled fro' s$ontaneo)sl" for'ed st&'ata on e2er" 4rda" snce t+e
be&nnn& of 7)ne. T+ere are 8o)nds on t+e +ands and feet1 a 8o)nd on t+e
sde (fro' 8+ence ss)es a 8ater" e#)daton tn&ed 8t+ blood)1 a cross on
t+e fore+ead1 a lar&e cross and a +eart on t+e c+est1 and t+e letters I.-.(. on
t+e r&+t s+o)lder. 4ro' t+ree to s# e2er" 4rda" t+ere s $rofo)nd trance1
8t+ s)$erfcal anFst+esa1 b)t ')c+ con2)ls2e 'o2e'ent and
'anfestaton of n8ard $an. If 8e 'a" rel" on ,r. Coo'es5 acco)nt1
8+c+ see's a caref)l one1 s')laton s E)te o)t of t+e E)eston. T+e
$atent see's to desre net+er 'one" nor notoret". (+e s a de2o)t
Cat+olc1 b)t does not tal3 abo)t rel&onG and co'$lans ')c+ of t+e $an
and e#+a)ston d)e to t+e 8o)nds and t+e con2)ls2e trance.
,r. -od&son $ad t8o 2sts to Lo)s2lle n t+e +o$e of seen& /rs.
(t)c3enbor&1 b)t 8as )nable to do so o8n& to t+e restrctons '$osed on
+er b" t+e Ro'an Cat+olc a)t+ortes. -e 'ade t+e acE)antance1 +o8e2er1
of ,r. Coo'es (+'self a Cat+olc)1 and one or t8o ot+er 'edcal 'en 8+o
+ad seen t+e case1 and +e re$orted1 after +s tal3s 8t+ t+e'1 t+at t+ere
see'ed no do)bt of ts &en)neness. ,r. Coo'es also sent )s se2eral
$+oto&ra$+s of t+e st&'ata1 b)t no f)rt+er nfor'aton as to t+e later
de2elo$'ents of t+e case +as been obtanable.
,+3 D . In t+e follo8n& case t+e inteectua c+aracter1 as I +a2e ter'ed
t1 of t+e or&anc $rocess 8+c+ res$onds to s)&&eston s ll)strated n a
str3n& and co'$le# 8a". /dlle. Il'a (.1 a s)bDect obser2ed b" ,rs.
7endrrss3 and 2on RrafftCEbn&
*
('anl" at GratN)1 8as )lt'atel" c)red b"
+"$notc s)&&eston (or so ,r. RrafftCEbn& cla's n *AAA) of a lfelon&
tendenc" to +"stera and 'elanc+ol"1 s)c+ as +ad dr2en +er &randfat+er1
fat+er1 brot+er1 and sster to s)cde. (+e 8as t+erefore on t+e 8+ole a &reat
&anerG b)t +er e#tre'e s)sce$tblt" to blstern& b" s)&&eston a'o)nted
to a real rs3 n t+e absence of caref)l &)ardans+$. Once at least s+e 8as
')c+ nD)red and offended b" t+e c)l$able act of a 'edcal st)dent 8+o lad
a $ar of scssors )$on +er c+est1 telln& +er t+at t+e" 8ere redC+ot1 and t+)s
created a sero)s 8o)nd1 8+c+ too3 t8o 'ont+s to +eal. RrafftCEbn& 'ade
a +)'ane 2araton on t+s rs3" e#$er'ent L3e ,r. B&&s n t+e case
E)oted abo2e1 +e ordered t+e $rod)cton of red patches of defnte s+a$es1
8+c+ 8ere to be for'ed 8t+o)t +i,JOL- tc+n&1 $an1 or nfla''aton.
T+e +stor" of t+e $rocess t+)s set )$ s a c)ro)s one. T+e or&ans' +ad to
$erfor'1 so to sa"1 a no2el feat1 8+c+ too3 a &reat deal lon&er t+an t+e
ro)&+ and read" $rocess of 2escaton. 4ro' 4ebr)ar" .<t+ to /a" ;rd1
*AAA1 a l2d red +"$erF'c s)rface corres$ondn& to t+e letter R 8as
slo8l" and $anlessl" de2elo$n& tself on a selected and $rotected area
bet8een t+e s+o)lderCblades. It see's do)btf)l 8+et+er t+s $erfor'ance
8as not alto&et+er a ne8 one18+et+er an" $recsel" s'lar tro$+c
c+an&es +a2e e2er occ)rred s$ontaneo)sl". T+e s)$$ort t+)s &2en to ,r.
B&&s5 narrat2e s 'ost str3n&G and one lesson of t+e e#$er'ents of bot+
$+"scans )ndo)btedl" s t+at scence need not be t+e loser b" a caref)l
ad+erence to t+e r)les of ordnar" +)'ant".
B)t t s t+e ncdent ne#t to be cted 8+c+ s$ea3s t+e 'ost stron&l" for
t+e ed)cated c+aracterso to sa"of t+e ntell&ence $resdn& o2er t+ese
or&anc s)&&estons.
/dlle. Il'a (. 8as $er'anentl" anFst+etc on t+e r&+t sde1 and t+at
sde 8as t+erefore1 n '" 2e81 l3el" to be 'ore ''edatel" s)bDect to
s)bl'nal control. %t an" rate1 t a$$eared t+at 8+en an" obDect 8as
$ressed on +er left sde1 and s)&&ested as +ot1 no 'ar3 follo8ed at t+e $lace
of contactG b)t a corres$ondn& brand a$$eared1 s"''etrcall" and re2ersed1
)$on t+e right sde. 4or e#a'$le1 an ntal letter1 R1 8as $ressed b" ,r.
7endrrss3 on +er left s+o)lder. In a fe8 +o)rs a RCl3e blster1 8t+ E)te
s+ar$ o)tlnes19 ca'e on t+e corres$ondn& s$ot on t+e r&+t sde. B)t note
t+at t+e ne8 R (t+e letters are f&)red n RrafftCEbn&5s 8or3) 8as b" no
'eans an e#act re$rod)cton of t+e or&nal one. It 8as of abo)t t+e sa'e
sNe1 b)t of a dfferent t"$e1 n fact a ca$tal R n anot+er $erson5s
+and8rtn&. 7)st as n ,r. B&&s5 cases t 8as t+e dea of cr)cfor't"
8+c+ 8as nd)ced b" s)&&eston1 so +ere t 8as t+e dea of RCs+a$eG and
nso')c+ as t+s s)&&ested 'ar3 corres$onded to an ntellect)al dea1 t+at
dea )nder8ent so'e dos"ncratc 'odfcaton n t+e s)bDect5s s)bl'nal
ntell&ence1 and t+e res)ltant 'ar31 t+o)&+ dentcal n s&nfcance1 8as
dfferent n conto)r. %nd +ere a&an 8e +a2e confr'aton of one of t+e
'ost c)ro)s of ,r. B&&s5 $+eno'enat+e tard" a$$earance of $art of an (
an atte'$t at (%!CT%as t+e res)lt of s)&&eston1 )naded b" t+e
$+"scal contact of an" (Cs+a$ed obDect1 b)t n ts d)e $oston abo2e t+e
s)&&ested cross.
,+3 E . ,r. Perre 7anet descrbes s'lar e#$er'entsn $artc)lar t+e
$rod)cton of red 'ar3s b" 'eans of 'a&nar" ')stard $o)ltcesn t+e
case of +s s)bDects LUone and Rose (.QAutomatisme &sychoogique, $.
*BB). T+e $lace and for' of t+e 'ar3s corres$onded closel" to t+e 'ental
conce$ton of t+e $atent. 4or nstanceJ
7e ds )n Do)r a Rose1 E) so)ffrat de contract)res +"stUrE)es a
l5esto'ac1 E)e De l) $lapas )n sna$s'e s)r la rU&on 'alade $o)r la
&)Urr. 7e constatas E)elE)es +e)res $l)s tard )ne 'arE)e &onflUe d5)n
ro)&e so'bre a"ant la for'e d5)n rectan&le allon&U1 'as1 dUtal sn&)ler1
dont a)c)n an&le n5Utat +i,JOM- 'arE)U1 car ls se'blaent co)$Us
nette'ent. 7e fs la re'arE)e E)e son sna$s'e a2at )ne for'e Utran&e.
Vo)s ne sa2eN donc $as19 'e dtCelle1 E)e l5on co)$e to)Do)rs les an&les
des $a$ers R&ollot $o)r E)e les cons ne fassent $as 'al.9 L5dUe
$rUconp)e de la for'e d) sna$s'e a2at dUter'nU la d'enson et la
for'e de la ro)&e)r. LTransation M
75essa"a alors )n a)tre Do)r (les sna$s'es de ce &enre enle2aent trPs
facle'ent ses contract)res et ses $onts do)lo)re)#) de l) s)&&Urer E)e De
dUco)$as )n sna$s'e en for'e d5Utole a s# branc+esG la 'arE)e ro)&e
e)t e#acte'ent la for'e E)e D5a2as dte. 7e co''anda a LUone )n
sna$s'e s)r la $otrne d) cbtU &a)c+e en for'e d5)n ( $o)r l) enle2er de
l5ast+'e ner2e)#. /a s)&&eston &)Urt $arfate'ent la 'alade et 'arE)a
s)r la $otrne )n &rand ( to)t a fat net. LTranslatonM
,r. Bac3'an relates t+e follo8n& of one of +s clar2o"ant s)bDects1
%l'a Rdber&
*
J
In t+e 'ddle of an e#$er'ent I $)t a dro$ of 8ater on +er ar'1
s)&&estn& to +er t+at t 8as a dro$ of b)rnn& sealn&C8a#1 and t+at t
8o)ld $rod)ce a blster1 8+c+ 8o)ld1 +o8e2er1 be +ealed after t+e t+rd
da". ,)rn& t+e $ro&ress of t+e e#$er'ent I accdentall" to)c+ed t+e 8ater1
'a3n& t s$read on +er s3n1 8+ere)$on I +astened to 8$e t a8a". T+e
blster1 8+c+ a$$eared t+e ne#t da"1 e#tended as far as t+e 8ater +ad r)n1
D)st as f t +ad been a corrodn& acd1 and t+e 8o)nd +ealed on t+e n&+t of
t+e t+rd da".9
(o'e8+at s'lar s a case recorded b" ,r. 7. R"bal3n n t+e 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, 7)ne *A@> ($. ;B*)1 n 8+c+ a $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston to
t+e s)bDect to b)rn +s ar' at a sto2ereall" )nl&+ted$rod)ced blsters
as of a b)rn.
-F'orr+a&e and bleedn& st&'ata 8ere se2eral t'es $rod)ced n t+e
fa'o)s s)bDect1 Lo)s V2U (8+ose lfeC+stor" s &2en n (33 A)1 b" 2erbal
s)&&eston alone.
.
Professor Bea)ns (7echerches 80p;rimentaes1 &c.1 Pars1 *AAB1 $. .@)
$rod)ced redness and c)taneo)s con&eston n +s s)bDect1 /
lle.
%. E.1 b"
s)&&eston1 and t+e e#$er'ent 8as re$eated on t+e sa'e s)bDect b" t+e
$resent 8rter and Ed')nd G)rne" n (e$te'ber *AA? (see &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *B=).
It a$$ears t+at t+ere s at $resent at t+e (al$OtrPre a stigmatis;e, t+e
de2elo$'ent of 8+ose st&'ata +as been 8atc+ed b" ,r. 7anet )nder co$$er
s+elds 8t+ &lass 8ndo8s nserted n t+e' (7evue de Q'ypnotisme,
,ece'ber *@>>1 $. *@>).
,+3 F . T+e follo8n& s an abstract of ,r. Le2llan5s acco)nt of an
e#$er'ent $erfor'ed b" Professor C+arcot before a lar&e class at t+e
(al$OtrPre
;
J
+i,JON-
(o'e fe8 +"stercal $atents1 t a$$ears1 s)ffer fro' a s8elln& 8t+
local c"anoss and lo8 s)rface te'$erat)re1 st"led b" Professor C+arcot
bl)e Qde'a.9 Professor C+arcot1 ndeed1 cla's to +a2e been t+e frst to
descrbe1 n 7)ne *AA@1 t+s e#ceedn&l" rare +"stercal abnor'alt". It t+en
occ)rred to +' to tr" 8+et+er +e co)ld $rod)ce t+e condton b" +"$notc
s)&&eston. On %$rl .Bt+1 *A@>1 a +"stercal 8o'an 8as dee$l"
+"$notsed1 and t 8as s)&&ested to +er t+at +er r&+t +and and 8rst 8o)ld
s8ell and beco'e c"anosed. %fter s+e 8as 8o3e t+s s)&&eston &rad)all"
realsed tself1 and n fo)r da"s t+e r&+t +and 8as n t+e condton of t+at of
t+e $atents 8+o +ad +ad s$ontaneo)s attac3s. T+ere 8as a s'oot+ s)rface1
+ardl" an" $ttn& on $ress)re1 b)t ')c+ d)llCbl)e 'ottled s8elln& (8+c+
+ad obl&ed +er to dscontn)e 8earn& +er rn&s) and anFst+esa. % br&+t
red $atc+ 8as $rod)ced b" to)c+.Y /. C+arcot reC+"$notsed t+e $atent1
and ass)red +er t+at +er +and 8as E)te nat)ral a&an1 +el$n& +s s)&&eston
8t+ a lttle 'assa&e. %fter a E)arter of an +o)r t+e anFst+esa1 2eno)s
colo)r1 and s8elln& 8ere &one.9
,+3 G . % case 8as descrbed b" Professor %rt&alas n t+e 7evue de
Q'ypnotisme, 4ebr)ar" *A@. ($. .?*)1 of a +"stercal +os$tal $atent 8t+ a
tendenc" to a$$arentl" ca)seless +F'orr+a&e1 8+c+ a$$eared frst n t+e
ear and after8ards as tears of blood n t+e e"e1 8+c+ 8as E)te +ealt+".
+"$notc s)&&eston faled at frst to c)re t+s s"'$to'1 b)t ca)sed t to
occ)r onl" at stated t'es. !e#t t 8as s)&&ested t+at nstead of t+e oc)lar
+F'orr+a&e t+e $atent s+o)ld bleed at t+e $al' of t+e left +andG t+s
occ)rred1 t+e s3n1 +o8e2er1 re'ann& ntact1 and t+e blood a$$earn& to
ooNe t+ro)&+ t l3e $ers$raton. %fter f)rt+er +"$notc s)&&eston t+ese
s"'$to's entrel" ceased.
,+3 H . ,r. 2on (c+renc3C!otNn& (n t+e Seitschri$t $Rr 'ypnotismus,
Band 2.1 -eft. <1 $. .>@)1 crtcses t+e recorded e#$er'ents n blstern&
b" s)&&eston on t+e &ro)nd t+at n so'e cases t+e $atents 'a" +a2e +ad
s$ecall" senst2e s3ns1 and t+at n ot+er cases t+e s)$er2son e#ercsed
o2er t+e' 8as nadeE)ate. -e descrbes t+ree test e#$er'ents carred o)t
b" se2eral doctors on t+e 'adCser2ant of one of t+e' (n October *A@? and
7an)ar" *A@B)1 +e +'self ta3n& $art on t+e last t8o occasons. On t+e frst
occason1 blstern& 8as $rod)ced on t+e left ar'1 as s)&&ested1 8t+n
t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs. T+e ar' +ad been caref)ll" banda&ed1 and t+e banda&e
a$$eared not to +a2e been 'o2ed. !e#t t'e t+e ar' 8as enclosed n a
s+eld 'ade of t+ree t+n boards1 and co'$letel" banda&ed1 and t+e $atent
8as 8atc+ed contn)o)sl". % r)d'entar" blster a$$eared1 b)t not n t+e
$lace s)&&ested1 and 8+ere s+e '&+t +a2e ca)sed t b" r)bbn&1 and t+ere
8as so'e e2dence t+at s+e +ad tred to scratc+ +er ar' 8t+ a +ar$n.
Once 'ore t+e ar' 8as enclosed n $laster of Pars and t+e $atent 8as
8atc+ed contn)o)sl"1 and no blsters 8ere for'ed.
+i,JOO-
T+ese res)lts see' to confr' 8+at +ad $re2o)sl" been $onted o)t b"
ot+ers 8rters1t+at t+e s)bDect 'a" delberatel" tr" to $rod)ce st&'ata on
+erself n res$onse to t+e +"$notc s)&&eston. B)t t ')st be notced t+at n
t+s case t+e e#$er'enters delberatel" s)&&ested t+at s+e s+o)ld feel t+e
rrtaton and $an t+at 8o)ld acco'$an" an act)al b)rn1 as 8ell as t+at
blsters s+o)ld be for'ed. (+e co'$laned ')c+ of t+e $an1 and 'a" +a2e
tred to r)b +er ar' 'erel" to rele2e t.
,+' A . T+e follo8n& e#$er'ents on t+e relaton of points de rep=re to
ne&at2e +all)cnatons 8ere tred b" /rs. -. (d&8c3 n t+e co)rse of +er
e#$er'ents on t+o)&+tCtransference E)oted belo8 (?=; %). P. 8as t+e
s)bDect1 and 8as +"$notsed1 as )s)al1 b" /r. G. %. ('t+. T+e acco)nt s
8rtten b" /ss 7o+nson1 8+o 8as $resent1 and s based on +er notes 'ade
at t+e t'e1 /arc+ .?t+1 *A@>J
P. ben& +"$notsed1 e&+t $lan cards 'ar3ed 8t+ t+e n)'bers .K@
8ere $laced on a c+ar b" +s sde1 and +e 8as told t+at t+ose 'ar3ed 8t+
odd n)'bers 8o)ld be n2sble. On ben& t+en as3ed +o8 'an" cards +e
sa81 +e sad s#.9 6+en t+e cards 8ere +eld so as to +de t+e n)'bers1 and
+e 8as 'ade to co)nt t+e' b" feeln& t+er corners1 +s co)ntn& 2ared1 b)t
once ca'e to e&+t. It a$$eared1 t+erefore1 t+at t+e fal)re of t+e s)&&eston
of n2sblt" de$ended1 $artall" at least1 on t+e +dn& of t+e n)'bers1 i.e.
of t+e points de rep=re 8t+ 8+c+ t+e n2sblt" 8as assocated.
/r. ('t+ t+en too3 t+e card 8t+ t+e n)'ber ? 'ar3ed on tG 8+en t+s
8as t)rned 8t+ t+e 'ar3 to8ards P. +e co)ld not see t1 b)t 8+en t+e ot+er
sde 8as t)rned to8ards +' +e co)ld. -e 8as ')c+ $)NNled at seen& t+e
card dsa$$ear and rea$$ear se2eral t'es n /r. ('t+5s +and b" a sl&+t
t8st of +s fn&ers1 b)t concl)ded t+at t 8as done b" sle&+tCofC+and1 t+at
/r. ('t+ so'e+o8 &ot t )$ +s slee2e1 or ot+er8se concealed t. -e 8as
t+en 'ade to ta3e t+e card nto +s o8n +and and t)rn t bac38ards and
for8ards +'self1 and 8as 2er" ')c+ astons+ed at ts contn)n&as +e
dd soto dsa$$ear and rea$$ear 8+en no one b)t +'self 8as to)c+n& t
-e as3ed to be allo8ed to 3ee$ t as an entertann& $)NNle to s+o8 off to
+s frends1 and1 on lea2e ben& &2en1 $oc3eted t. (oon after +e too3 t o)t
a&an1 and t+e n2sble sde ben& )$$er'ost1 sa8 not+n& and dro$$ed t. It
dro$$ed 8t+ t+e 2sble sde )$8ards1 so +e fo)nd t a&an1 and a&an 'ade
t a$$ear and dsa$$ear.
% s'lar e#$er'ent 8as tred 8t+ t+e Rna2e of -earts1 and t+s 8as at
frst n2sble on bot+ sdes1 b)t soon +e 8as able to see t+e bac3 sde1
t+o)&+ not t+e front.
-e t+en too3 t+e card 'ar3ed ? o)t of +s $oc3et a&an1 and fo)nd t stll
n2sble on t+e 'ar3ed sde1 t+o)&+ +e +ad been t8ce a8a3ened and
re+"$notsed snce loo3n& at t. T+s1 +o8e2er1 onl" +eld as lon& as t+e
'ar3 8as )nco2ered1 and soon t+e effect 8ore off alto&et+er1 and bot+ sdes
beca'e eE)all" 2sble to +'.
% &ood deal of 2aret" 8as obser2ed n t+e be+a2o)r of dfferent
s)bDects 8t+ re&ard to ne&at2e +all)cnatonsG /ss B.1 for nstance1 dd
not a$$ear to 'a3e )se of points de rep=re n t+e 8a" t+at P. ddG a card
'ade n2sble to +er 8as eE)all" n2sble on bot+ sdes1 and s+e e#+bted
no sort of nterest or alar' n t+e '"stero)s dsa$$earances 8+c+ so
stron&l" e#cted P.5s c)rost" and so'et'es ca)sed +' alar'.
+i,KPP-
,+9 A . In t+e soCcalled trans$oston of t+e senses9 t s cla'ed t+at
st')l 8+c+ nor'all" affect onl" one $artc)lar senseCor&an affect so'e
ot+er $art of t+e bod"G e.g. 8+en letters are sad to be read b" t+e s3n t+e
$art of t+e s3n concerned s s)$$osed to be st')lated b" t+e l&+t ra"s.
PUtUtn1 a fa'o)s doctor of L"ons1 frst &a2e c)rrenc" to t+s noton n
+s 8ectricit; Animae, Pars1 *A>A. T+)s t+e sense of +earn& 8as alle&ed
to be trans$osed so'et'es to t+e $t of t+e sto'ac+ ($. =)1 and so'et'es
to t+e t$s of t+e fn&ers or t+e toes ($. *>)G t+e sense of taste to t+e sa'e
re&ons ($. .?)G and t+e sense of s&+t to t+e sto'ac+ ($. <?). T+ese
$+eno'ena 8ere obser2ed n se2eral dfferent s)bDects.
T+e 'ost ob2o)s e#$lanaton of t+e' s t+at t+e sensatons rece2ed
t+ro)&+ one or&an 8ere referred to so'e ot+er $art of t+e bod" arbtrarl"
assocated 8t+ t+e' t+ro)&+ so'e c+ance s)&&eston of t+e s)bDect5s o8n
or of t+e o$erator5s. T+)s 4a+nestoc3 (Statuvoism, $. *=<)1 n crtcsn&
,)rand5s acco)nt of a $atent 8+ose f2e senses 8ere trans$osed to t+e $t
of t+e sto'ac+1 attrb)tes t to t+e 'anner n 8+c+ t+e doctor $roceeded.
Y -e s)cceeded n dra8n& t+e $atent5s attenton to +er sto'ac+.Y (+e
co)ld +a2e ans8ered +s E)estons E)te as 8ell +ad +e a$$led +s l$s to
an" ot+er $art of +er bod"GYfor I +a2e seen trans$oston effected at t+e
8ll of t+e s)bDect n 'an" cases of artfcal so'na'b)ls' b" s'$l"
reE)estn& t+e' to t+ro8 t+er 'nds to t+e sto'ac+ or an" ot+er $art of t+e
bod".9 ('larl" n t+e case of a +"stercal $atent re$orted b" ,r. !ccolo
Cer2ello1
*
t 8as s&nfcant t+at ''edatel" after t+e doctor +ad s$o3en n
+er +earn& of a case +e +ad recentl" 8tnessed of trans$oston of t+e
senses9 to t+e +ands and feet1 t+e $atent $roceeded to e#+bt t+e sa'e
$+eno'enon.
In t+e case of +earn&1 t s clearl" '$ossble to $ro2e trans$oston1
snce no so)nd 'ade near an" $art of t+e bod" can be o)t of earCs+ot. In t+e
cases of s&+t and taste1 snce t+e earl" 'es'ersts 8ere )na8are of t+e
e#tre'e ac)teness of +"$notsed s)bDects n $c3n& )$ +nts1 t ')st re'an
do)btf)l 8+et+er s)ffcent $reca)tons 8ere ta3en to &)ard a&anst t+er
dsco2ern& t+e nat)re of t+e obDects $resented to t+e' b" t+e ordnar" )se
of t+e senses. E2en f t+s 8as &)arded a&anst1 t+e" '&+t +a2e acE)red
t+er 3no8led&e of t+e obDects b" t+o)&+tCtransference fro' t+e o$erators1
8+o 3ne8 8+at t+e" 8ere.
(ee t+e 8or3s of PUtUtn1 ,)rand1 4ossac1 and ,es$ne1 es$ecall"
<bservations de 2;decine &ratique, $$. <?1 B.1 and ]tude Scienti$ique sur
Somnambuisme, $. *B=. One of ,es$ne5s $atents a$$arentl" read t+ro)&+
t+e sole of +er foot1 and anot+er b" t+e t$s of +er fn&ers.
T+e $+eno'enon called b" ,e Roc+as e#terorsaton of sensblt"19 s
an e#tra2a&ant 2erson of t+e t+eor" of trans$oston of t+e senses1 t+e sense
ben& s)$$osed to be transferred to so'e obDect o)tsde +i,KPG- t+e
or&ans'1 s)c+ as a &lass of 8ater or t+e s+ado8 of t+e +"$notsed $ersonG
an" st')l)s a$$led to t+ese obDects s t+en felt b" t+e $erson1 8+o
beco'es anFst+etc 'ean8+le. T+ese e#$er'ents 8ere re$eated and
e#tended b" ,r. 7ore of Llle. (nce t+e acco)nts s+o8 t+at s)&&eston 8as
freel" e#ercsed1 t s )nnecessar" to crtcse t+e' n detal.
,+9 B . Per+a$s t+e best e2dence for trans$oston of t+e senses s to be
fo)nd n so'e e#$er'ents 'ade b" Professor 4ontan of To)lon1 and
descrbed n +s $a$er on 'yst;ro,;piepsie 2ascuineV Suggestion,
(nhibition, Transposition des Sens, n t+e 7evue &hiosophique, %)&)st
*AA=. % f)ll acco)nt of t+s s &2en n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .B;K
.BAG b)t I +a2e s$ace +ere for a s+ort e#tract onl".
T+e s)bDect1 B.1 s a salor1 a&ed t8ent"Ct8o1 a$$arentl" rob)st1 b)t
s)ffern& fro' +"stera1 8t+ attac3s of catale$s"t+e res)lt1 a$$arentl"1 of
a soDo)rn n /ada&ascar. 6+en +e ca'e )nder ,r. 4ontan5s care +s left
sde 8as 8+oll" de2od of feeln&1 and t+e sense of s'ell 8as absent on t+at
sdeG s&+t and +earn& d'ns+edG taste nor'al. % +"stero&eno)s None on
t+e r&+t sde re'aned )naffected b" an" treat'ent. +"$notc s)&&eston
s)s$ended t+e anFst+esa for a fe8 +o)rs at a t'e1 b)t t+e 'a&net1 and t+e
'a&net onl"1 re'o2ed t $er'anentl"1 and $ractcall" c)red t+e $atent.
LTrans$ostons of +earn&1 taste and s'ell are ne#t descrbed.M
Transposition o$ sight s1 of co)rse1 t+e 'ost be8ldern& of t+ese
s)$ernor'altes. 6e see' +ere to be o2errdn& t+e lac3 not onl" of
$+"solo&cal b)t of $+"scal ada$taton1 ds$ensn& not onl" 8t+ t+e
s$ecall" $erc$ent retna1 b)t 8t+ t+e ens, nds$ensable for t+e 'ere
$)r$ose of refractn& t+e ncdent ra"s1 so t+at t+e" 'a" 'eet n a foc)s and
&2e a dstnct 'a&e. ,r. 4ontan1 ndeed1 sa"s t+at +e 8o)ld not +a2e
t+o)&+t of tr"n& t+ese 2s)al e#$er'ents at all +ad t not been for t+e
f)'bln& of B.5s fn&ers on t+e $rnted letters1 as alread" descrbed. It 8as
s)&&ested to t+e s)bDect t+at +e co)ld onl" see 8t+ +s fn&ers1 and t+e
$s"c+cal blndness 8as renforced b" $lacn& a screen close to t+e s)bDect5s
face1 so t+at +e co)ld not see +s o8n +ands1 nor t+e obDects offered1 nor t+e
feces or &est)res of t+e b"standers.
Prnted letters 8ere frst tredG and t+e s)bDect1 8+o co)ld scarcel" read
n +s nor'al state1 dec$+ered a fe8 of t+ese 8t+ dffc)lt". % n)'ber of
s3ens of colo)red 8ool1 8+c+ +e +ad ne2er seen1 8ere t+en $laced before
+'1 and +e 8as told to c+oose t+e red ones. -e felt t+e 8ools1 reDected
)n+estatn&l" t+e colo)rs not as3ed for1 and arran&ed t+e red n a seres. -e
dd t+s also 8t+ t+e &reen and 8t+ t+e bl)e 8ools. T+e 8ools 8ere a&an
'#ed1 and +e 8as told to $)t t+e red ones on t+e r&+t1 t+e &reen on t+e left.
B)t +e 8as no8 e#+a)sted1 and reco&nsed not+n&.
T+e sa'e e#$er'ents 8ere re$eated ne#t da" 8t+ fres+ s$ec'ens of
8ool. %nd ne#t t+e roo' 8as co'$letel" dar3ened1 B.5s +and 8as $laced n
a bo# contann& 2aro)s $atterns of 8ool1 8+c+ +e +ad ne2er et+er seen or
to)c+ed1 and +e 8as told to c+oose t+e bl)e ones. -e seNed t+e'19 sa"s
,r. 4ontan1 n a letter rat+er 'ore detaled t+an t+e $rnted acco)nt1 8t+
s)c+ ra$dt"1 s)c+ force1 tossn& asde all t+ose 8+c+ +e dd not 8ant1 t+at
8e s)$$osed t+at t+e e#$er'ent +ad faled. (+)t )$ n a dar3 roo'1 8+ere
8e co)ld not see eac+ ot+er1 8e dd not 3no8 8+at 8as &on& on1 and
fearn& so'e access of frenN"1 I $rec$tated '"self on t+e s)bDect and
+"$notsed +' stron&l"1 b" $ressn& t+e &lobes of +s e"es. -e +ad +ad
t'e eno)&+ d)rn& +i,KPH- t+s scene1 8+c+ dd not last f2e seconds1 to
c+oose t+e 8ools1 and to +de t+e' n +s boso'. %t no ot+er t'e dd +e
s+o8 s)c+ ea&erness for t+e s)&&ested colo)r.9 -e +ad1 n fact1 selected
fo)r bl)e s3ens1 8+c+ +e cl)tc+ed so closel" t+at +e +ad to be alto&et+er
n+bted before t+e" co)ld be ta3en fro' +'.
T+e ne#t e#$er'ent 8as $er+a$s t+e best of all. T+e 8ools 8ere $laced
on a table under a strong sheet o$ gass. B. ($s"c+call" blnded and 8t+ t+e
screen nter$osed) $laced +s +and on t+e &lass1 and 8as ordered to ndcate
t+e red 8ool. -e ressted for a t'e1 b)t ended b" consentn& to searc+ for
t+e red 8ools1 8+ose $oston +e ndcated b" a ta$ on t+e &lass1 8+c+ left
no roo' for do)bt.9 -e re$eated t+s $rocess se2eral t'es 8t+ t+e &reen1
t+e bl)e1 and t+e "ello8 8ools1 and al8a"s 8t+ co'$lete s)ccess.
Once 'ore. 42e $+oto&ra$+s1 of 8+c+ one onl" 8as of a c+ld1 8ere
$laced on t+e table1 and +e 8as told to fnd t+e c+ld5s $+oto&ra$+. -e felt
t+e faces1 t)rned t+e' 8t+ +ead )$8ards1 felt o2er t+e c+ld5s f&)re
caref)ll"1 and &a2e t+e $+oto&ra$+ to 'e correctl".9
,,1 A . T+e follo8n& e#a'$les of $ostC+"$notc s)&&estons n2ol2n&
calc)latons are E)oted fro' G)rne"5s $a$er1 Pec)lartes of certan PostC
-"$notc (tates19 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .BAK;.; (*AA=).
T+e $a$er treats &enerall" of t+e 'ental state of t+e s)bDect1 as e#+bted
es$ecall" b" 'eans of a)to'atc 8rtn&1 8+le carr"n& o)t s)&&estons.
($ea3n& of co''ands to be e#ec)ted at a certan f)t)re t'e1 G)rne" sa"s
($. .A=)J
% dstncton ')st frst be 'ade bet8een cases 8+ere a date s na'ed
es$ecall" f t+e date be a 'ar3ed one1 s)c+ as 7an)ar" *st1 or t+e
ann2ersar" of t+e da" of t+e co''and
*
and cases 8+ere s'$l" a ength
o$ time s na'ed1 not ''edatel" s)&&est2e of a $artc)lar date1 as n t+e
drecton to do s)c+ and s)c+ a t+n& on t+e s#t"Cnnt+ da" fro' t+s.9 In
t+e for'er case t+e '$resson of t+e date '&+t be ''edatel" re&stered
n t+e bran1 n assocaton 8t+ t+at of t+e order1 and t+e 'ere arr2al of t+e
date '&+t t+)s s)ffce to re22e t+e order. B)t +o8 s a len&t+ of t'e to be
so re&steredW Its f)rt+er end1 tll rec3oned o)t b" t+e ad of t+e calendar1 s
$erfectl" ndefnteG and t+ere s not+n& n t+e 'ere arr2al of t+e da"
calc)lated to re22e t+e ter's of t+e ordert carres no 'ore si0ty,
ninthness abo)t t t+an an" ot+er da".Y T+o)&+ a da"9 'a" be a
s)ffcentl" fa'lar and defnte )nt to $resent a concrete c+aracter1 t does
not follo8 t+at t+s s t+e case 8t+ s#t"Cnne da"s.9 %nd t+e or&anc
condtons Ls)&&ested b" Professor Bea)ns
.
as t+e 'eans )sed for 'a3n&
t+e calc)latonM1 8+c+ are D)st 8+at t+e 'eas)re'ent of establs+ed
$+"solo&cal $erods ipso $acto +as1 are D)st 8+at t+e 'eas)re'ent of
$erods s)ddenl" and arbtrarl" f#ed b" +)'an 2olton +as not. T+e 2tal
$rocesses 8ll no 'ore 8or3 o)t s)c+ a 'eas)re'ent as t+s t+an a
sc+oolbo"5s d&eston 8ll 8or3 o)t a $ro$oston of E)cld. -o8e2er
carred t+ro)&+1 t s at least not a f)ncton of an'al lfe. It ss)es n a
$erfectl" needless act1 not n an ne2table bodl" stateG and t de$ends1 not
on +i,KPI- $ro&ress2e c+an&es n t+e sto'ac+ or t+e blood1 b)t on a E)te
or&nal co)rse of cerebraton1 $roceedn&1 8e cannot do)bt1 n t+e +&+er
tracts of t+e bran1 +a2n& been ntated b" an '$ressont+at of t+e
co''and8+c+ +ad a dstnct $s"c+cal sde. !o8 loo3n& at t+e branC
sde alone1 8e s+o)ld concl)de1 I t+n31 t+at t+e $assa&e of t'e ')st be
re&stered1 not b" an" &eneral &rad)al c+an&e1 b)t b" a seres of s$ecfc
c+an&es1 corres$ondn& $robabl" to t+e da"s or units o$ measurement. 6e
s+o)ld concl)de1 t+at s1 t+at cerebral e2ents of t+e sort nor'all" correlated
8t+ t+e deas s#t"19 s#t"Cone19 s#t"Ct8o19 &c.1 reall" ta3e $laceG for
+o8 ot+er8se co)ld t+e &)lf be s$anned 8t+ $recsonW +o8 8o)ld an"
ot+er sort of c+an&e 3no8 8+en to sto$1 or assocate so'e $ont t+at t +ad
reac+ed 8t+ t+e order &2en 8ee3s beforeW ()c+ a cerebral $rocess alone
8o)ld 8+oll" dfferentate t+e case fro' t+at of ordnar" $+"solo&cal
t'eCrec3onn&. B)t f t+e s$ecfc branCc+an&es ta3e $lace1 does t not
see' at least a reasonable s)r'se t+at t+er 'ental correlate 'a" e#st1
t+o)&+ +dden fro' o)r 2e8t+at t+ere 'a" f)rt+er be an act)al 8atc+n&
of t+e co)rse of t'eW LT+enM t+e )n3no8n fac)lt"9 8o)ld s'$l" be a
3no8n fac)lt"1 8or3n& n a nor'al 8a"1 b)t belo8 t+e s)rface of nor'al
consco)sness.Y
LIn so'e casesM t+e 8atc+n& s of a 8+oll" nteror 3nd1 and s not onl"
for&otten after8ards1 b)t s acco'$aned b" no consco)sness of 8+c+ t+e
nor'al 8a3n& s)bDect can render an" acco)ntG b)t 8+c+ stll1 I bele2e1
n2ol2es 'ental acton of a sort.
-ere are a co)$le of nstances of t+s e#tre'er 3nd. /" s)bDect19 6
s1 8as one da" told t+at on t+e t+rt"Cnnt+ da" fro' t+en1 at @.;> P./.1
+e 8as to co'e and call on a &entle'an resdent n t+e +o)se 8+ere I 8as
lod&n&1 8t+ 8+o' +e +ad no acE)antance. -e of co)rse +ad no 'e'or"
of t+s drecton 8+en a8a3e. !o reference 8as 'ade to t+e co''and tll
/arc+ *@t+1 8+en +e 8as s)ddenl" as3ed1 n t+e trance1 +o8 'an" da"s +ad
ela$sed snce t 8as &2en. -e instanty sad s#teen1 and added t+at t+ere
8ere t8ent"Ct+ree 'ore to r)n1 and t+at t+e da" 8+en +e 8as d)e 8as
Easter /onda".
*
%ll t+ese state'ents 8ere correct. B)t t+e odd t+n& 8as
t+at1 on f)rt+er E)estonn&1 +e 'sdated bot+ t+e da" of t+e order and t+e
da" of f)lfl'ent1 calln& t+e for'er /arc+ *st and t+e latter %$rl *.t+1
8+ereas t+e" 8ere res$ect2el" /arc+ ;rd and %$rl **t+. T+s 'a3es t
tolerabl" clear t+at +e dd not or&nall" arr2e at t+e date of f)lfl'ent b"
''edate rec3onn& fro' t+e date of co''and1 and t+en f# t n +s 'nd
s'$l" as a date. (Easter /onda"1 8+en so near as t8ent"Ct+ree da"s1 '&+t
be arr2ed at n a 'o'ent b" re'ar3n& t+e da" of t+e 8ee3.) /oreo2er1 f
+e 'ade /arc+ *st +s terminus a quo, +e o)&+t to +a2e sad e&+teen
nstead of s#teen1 and 8o)ld $robabl" +a2e +ad to $a)se to rec3on. T+e
reasonable nter$retaton of t+e res)lt s s)rel" t+at +e 8as n so'e 8a"
act)all" co)ntn& t+e da"s as t+e" $assed.
In t+e ne#t case1 8+c+ occ)rred after t+e abo2e re'ar3s 8ere 8rtten1 I
&ot an act)al acco)nt of t+e $rocess1 8+c+ sn&)larl" confr's t+e'. P
ll 8as told1 on /arc+ .Bt+1 t+at on t+e one +)ndred and t8ent"Ct+rd da"
fro' t+en +e 8as to $)t a blan3 s+eet of $a$er n an en2elo$e1 and send t to
a frend of 'ne 8+ose na'e and resdence +e 3ne81 b)t 8+o' +e +ad
ne2er seen. T+e s)bDect 8as not referred to a&an tll %$rl *At+1 8+en +e
8as +"$notsed and as3ed f +i,KPJ- +e re'e'bered an"t+n& n connecton
8t+ t+s &entle'an. -e at once re$eated t+e order1 and sad1 T+s s t+e
t8ent"Ct+rd da"G a +)ndred 'ore.9
(. -o8 do "o) 3no8W -a2e "o) noted eac+ da"W9
PLL. !oG t see'ed nat)ral.9
(. -a2e "o) t+o)&+t of t oftenW9
PLL. It &enerall" str3es 'e n t+e 'ornn&1 earl". (o'et+n&
see's to sa" to 'e1 HYo)52e &ot to co)nt.I9
(. ,oes t+at +a$$en e2er" da"W9
PLL. !o1 not e2er" da"$er+a$s 'ore l3e e2er" ot+er da". It
&oes fro' '" 'ndG I ne2er t+n3 of t d)rn& t+e da". I onl" 3no8 t5s &ot
to be done.9
X)estoned f)rt+er1 +e 'ade t clear t+at t+e nter2al bet8een t+ese
'$ressons 8as ne2er lon& eno)&+ to be do)btf)l. -e 'a" not t+n3 of t
for t8o or t+ree da"sG t+en so'et+n& see's to tell +'.9 -e 8as E)estoned
a&an on %$rl .>t+1 and at once sad1 T+at5s &on& on all r&+tt8ent"C
f2e da"sG9 and on %$rl ..nd1 8+en n t+e trance1 +e s$ontaneo)sl" recalled
t+e s)bDect1 and added1 T8ent"Cse2en da"s.9 %fter +e 8as 8o3e on %$rl
*At+1 I as3ed +' f +e 3ne8 t+e &entle'an n E)eston1 or +ad been
t+n3n& abo)t +'. -e 8as clearl" s)r$rsed at t+e E)eston1 sad +e fanced
+e +ad once seen +' n '" roo' (8+c+1 +o8e2er1 8as not t+e case)1 and
t+at t+e dea of +' +ad ne2er snce crossed +s 'nd.
B)t t+ere s anot+er 8a" n 8+c+ t+e 'o'ent for t+e $erfor'ance of
t+e acton can be f#ed. T+e s)bDect9 can be told to $erfor' t 8+en so'e
s&nal s &2enas 8+en so'e one &2es a co)&+ or $o3es t+e freYL%ndM
8e can arran&e t+e condtons n s)c+ a 8a" as a&an to n2ol2e rec3onn&
of a certan 3nd1 and of a 3nd 8+c+ t s +ard to conce2e as +a2n& no
'entaton of an" sort assocated 8t+ t. 4or nstance1 t+e drecton 'a" be
to $erfor' t+e act 8+en so'e one co)&+s for t+e t+rd t'e1 or $o3es t+e
fre for t+e fo)rt+ t'e.Y If t+e s)bDect9 be reC+"$notsed before t+e fnal
co)&+sa" t+e fo)rt++as been &2en1 and E)estoned as to 8+at +as
$assed1 +e s+o8s clearl" t+at +e re'e'bers ben& n t+e attt)de of
e#$ectanc" for t+e co'n& s&nal. (o'et'es t+e +dden 'ental condton
d)rn& t+e t'e of 8atn& +as been a 2er" c)ro)s one. T+)s 6s1 8+o
+ad been told t+at at '" fft+ co)&+ t+e candles 8o)ld &o o)t1 t+en 8o3e1
and t+en +"$notsed a&an before t+e fnal co)&+ +ad been &2en1 dso8ned
all 'e'or" of t+e fo)r co)&+s 8+c+ +ad been act)all" &2en1 b)t 3ne8 t+at
t+e ne#t 8o)ld be t+e fft+19 beca)se t+en t+e candles 8o)ld &o o)t.9 %t
ot+er t'es t+e s&nals +a2e been clearl" and correctl" co)nted.Y
LIn ot+er e#$er'ents t+e 'ental condton of t+e s)bDect n t+e nter2al
bet8een t+e s)&&eston and ts f)lfl'ent 8as tested b" a)to'atc 8rtn&
nstead of b" reC+"$notsn& and as3n& +' E)estons. T+)sJM
On /arc+ .*st L6sM 8as told t+at on t+e 'orro81 a E)arter of an
+o)r after +s arr2al1 +e 8as to $)ll )$ t+e blnd and loo3 o)t of t+e
8ndo8. -e arr2ed ne#t e2enn& at =.*>1 and 8as soon set to t+e
$lanc+etteG b)t as t+e nstr)'ent dd not 'o2e1 +e 8as +"$notsed1 told t+at
I 8anted to 3no8 +o8 t+e1 t'e 8as &on&1 and ''edatel" a8a3ened. T+e
8rtn&
= minutes and A more
8as no8 $rod)ced. T+e $rocess be&an at D)st =.*=1 so t+at at
t+at 'o'ent t+e rec3onn& 8as e#actl" r&+tG b)t1 o8n& to a
8+eel co'n& off t+e nstr)'ent and +a2n& to be re$laced1 t+e
8rtn& tself 8as s$read o2er fo)r 'n)tes.Y
+i,KPK-
On %$rl .>t+ LPllM 8as told t+at +alfCanC+o)r after +s ne#t arr2al
+e 8as to 8nd )$ a ball of strn&1 and to let 'e 3no8 +o8 t+e t'e 8as
&on&. -e arr2ed ne#t e2enn& at A.;>1 and 8as set to t+e $lanc+ette at A.<;.
-e 8rote1
*; minett has passed and *= more minetts to pass.
(o'e 'ore e#$er'ents follo8ed1 and t so +a$$ened t+at at @1 t+e e#act
t'e 8+en t+e f)lfl'ent 8as d)e1 +e 8as n t+e trance. -e s)ddenl" sad
O+Z9 as f recollectn& so'et+n&1 b)t dd not 'o2eG +e 8as t+en 8o3e1
and at @.. +e 8al3ed across t+e roo' to 8+ere so'e strn& 8as l"n&1 and
8o)nd t )$. On %$rl *At+ an e#actl" s'lar order 8as &2en1 e#ce$t t+at
t+e t+n& to be done 8as to ta3e off +s coat. -e arr2ed at @.*> on %$rl
.>t+1 and 8as set to t+e $lanc+ette at @.*?1 and 8+le readn& a ne8s$a$er
alo)d 8t+ ntell&ence and co'$lete co'$re+enson1 +e 8rote1
? minett has passed .? minuett hass got passed and then ( shas
taBe o$$ my coat.
T+e order1 +o8e2er1 8as f)lflled at @..*1 al'ost ''edatel" after t+e
concl)son of t+e 8rtn&.Y
%not+er da" t+e sa'e s)bDect9 8as told t+at 8+en I co)&+ed for t+e
s#t+ t'e +e 8as to loo3 o)t of t+e 8ndo8. -e 8as 8o3e1 and I &a2e at
nter2als f2e co)&+sone of 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 8as a fal)re1 o8n& to ts
ob2o)s artfcalt". -e 8as set to t+e $lanc+ette1 and t+e 8ords $rod)ced
8ere1
Dhen 2r. :urney cough B times ( am to ooB out.
%t t+s $ont I read t+e 8rtn&1 and sto$$ed t. I as3ed f +e +ad notced
'" co)&+n&1 and +e sad1 !o1 srG9 b)t t+s1 of co)rse1 s+o8ed no 'ore
t+an Lt+atM +e +ad +eard 8t+o)t attendn&. -e 8as no8 +"$notsed1 told t+at
I 8anted to 3no8 +o8 often I +ad co)&+ed1 and at once 8o3e. T+e 8rtn&
reco''enced1
< times he has cough and . times more he has to cough.
I co)&+ed t8ce 'ore1 and +e 8ent to t+e 8ndo81 dre8 asde
t+e blnd1 and loo3ed o)t. T8o 'n)tes after8ards I as3ed +'
8+at sort of a n&+t t 8as. -e sad1 4ne 8+en I ca'e n.9 I
sad I t+o)&+t I +ad seen +' loo3n& o)t D)st no81 b)t +e
absol)tel" dened t.Y
Later1 Pll 8as told t+at 8+en I s$o3e t+e t+rtet+ 8ord +e 8as to
8al3 to t+e door and co'e bac3 a&an1 and 8as t+en 8o3e. I 'ade nat)ral
re'ar3s at nter2als1 ta3n& care to co)nt t+e 8ords I )sed. T+e t+rtet+
$rod)ced no res)lt. I added one1 and t+en told +' to co'e and 8rte. T+e
8rtn& 8as1
2r. :urney spoBe ;> #ords 2r. Smith ( thinB ( am right donQt
you thinB so?
-e t+en ret)rned to +s for'er seat1 and sat do8n for a secondG
t+en &ot )$1 8al3ed to t+e door1 loo3ed at t1 and ca'e bac3
a&an. ReC+"$notsed1 and E)estoned as to t+e 8ords I +ad )sed1
+e re'e'bered 'ost of t+e'1 b)t not all.
In G)rne"5s $a$er1 Recent E#$er'ents n -"$nots'19 n t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;K*= (*AAA)1 are recorded a n)'ber of ot+er
n&eno)s e#$er'ents s+o8n& t+e ntell&ence of s)bl'nal 'entaton n
carr"n& o)t $ostC+"$notc s)&&estons. T+ese 8ere e#ec)ted a)to'atcall"
8+le t+e s)$ral'nal ntell&ence of t+e s)bDect 8as closel" en&a&ed n
so'e ot+er tas3G e.g. +e 8o)ld1 8+le readn& alo)d1 a)to'atcall" 8or3
s)'s or 8rte a second lne to a co)$let r+"'n& 8t+ t+e frst1 +i,KPL-
8+c+ +ad been &2en +'. On one occason a s)bDect correctl" ')lt$led
*.s. ;`d. b" A1 re$eatn& HGod sa2e t+e X)eenI 'ean8+le1 8t+ e2er"
ot+er 8ord left o)t.9
,,1 B . Professor ,elbQ)f5s e#$er'ents1 recorded n t+e $a$er enttled
,e l5%$$rUcaton d) Te'$s $ar les (o'na'b)les19 n t+e &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <*<K<.*1 8ere drected s'$l" to8ards testn& t+e
$o8er of calc)latn& t+e la$se of t'e. -s s)bDects 8ere t8o ssters1 8+o'
+e calls /. and 7.1 co)ntr" &rls of t8ent" and t8ent"Ct+ree1 ser2ants n +s
fa'l"1 8t+ 8+o' 'an" of +s 'ost fa'o)s +"$notc e#$er'ents +ad
been 'ade (see ,3+ A and E ). -e 'ade s)&&estons to t+e' to $erfor'
2aro)s tr2al actons n a certan n)'ber of 'n)tes fro' t+e t'e t+e
s)&&eston 8as &2en. Ele2en e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade1 t+e s)&&estons to
ta3e effect after nter2als 2ar"n& fro' ;?> to ;;>> 'n)tes. T8o
e#$er'ents (8t+ nter2als of @>> and *?>> 'n)tes) s)cceeded
co'$letel"G n t+ree ot+ers t+e dea of t+e acton s)&&ested occ)rred to t+e
s)bDect at t+e r&+t t'e1 b)t 8as not carred o)tG n fo)r cases t+e acton 8as
$erfor'ed at t+e 8ron& t'e1 t+e errors 2ar"n& fro' .? to @? 'n)tesG n
t+e t8o e#$er'ents 8t+ nter2als of ;;>> 'n)tes1 t+e '$)lse to do t+e
acton arose1 b)t at t+e 8ron& t'e1 and 8as not carred o)t. It ')st be noted
t+at /. and 7. 8ere E)te )ned)cated1 co)ld +ardl" tell t+e t'e b" t+e cloc31
and constantl" 'ade 'sta3es n t+e s'$lest s)'s. ,elbQ)f also fo)nd t+at
7. co)ld a$$arentl" calc)late no better 8+en +"$notsed t+an 8+en a8a3e.
,,1 C . T+e res)lts obtaned b" Professor ,elbQ)f led ,r. 7. /.
Bra'8ell to tr" a ')c+ lon&er seres of e#$er'ents on t+e a$$recaton of
t'e b" so'na'b)les1 8+c+ are b" far t+e best obser2ed and 'ost
nstr)ct2e of an" "et recorded. T+e acco)nt of t+e' a$$eared frst n ,r.
Bra'8ell5s $a$er on Personall" Obser2ed +"$notc P+eno'ena9 n t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *=BK.>; (*A@B)1 and a f)rt+er acco)nt1
8t+ addtonal detals and a dsc)sson of co&nate 'ental $+eno'ena
+"$notc and ot+er8as $)bls+ed n )rain, ()''er !)'ber1 *@>>1 )nder
t+e ttle of -"$notc and PostC-"$notc %$$recaton of T'eJ (econdar"
and /)lt$le# Personaltes.9 I &2e e#tracts fro' bot+ t+ese so)rces. 4)ll
detals are &2en n t+e or&nal $a$ers of t+e n)'ero)s $reca)tons de2sed
to &)ard a&anst errors or dece$tons1 and ot+er detals1 8+c+ are o'tted
+ere for 8ant of s$ace.
/ss %.1 t+e $atent n E)eston1 a&ed nneteen1 8as frst +"$notsed b"
'e on (e$te'ber .nd1 *A@?.Y T+e $atent s ntell&ent and farl" 8ell
ed)cated1 b)t $ossesses no e#traordnar" calc)latn& $o8ers et+er n t+e
nor'al state or n +"$noss. %ccordn& to +er 'ot+er1 s+e +as al8a"s been
re'ar3abl" tr)t+f)l and 8ellCcond)cted1 rat+er &ra2e n ds$oston1 and
nclned to ta3e t+e d)tes of lfe sero)sl". (+e s a dress'a3er.Y (+e
ne2er s$ontaneo)sl" recalled n t+e 8a3n& state an"t+n& t+at occ)rred n
+"$noss.Y
T+e e#$er'ents 8ere all of t+e sa'e c+aracter. On eac+ occason I +i,
KPM- s)&&ested to +er1 d)rn& +"$noss1 t+at at t+e e#$raton of a 2ar"n&
n)'ber of 'n)tes s+e s+o)ld feel '$elled to 'a3e a cross on a $ece of
$a$er 8t+ a $encl1 and also1 8t+o)t loo3n& at cloc3 or 8atc+1 8rte do8n
8+at t'e s+e bele2ed t to be1 and t+en ''edatel" co'$are t+s 8t+ t+e
act)al t'e and1 f $ossble1 obtan corroborat2e test'on" fro' +er frends.
80periment No. *.!o2e'ber ?t+1 *A@?1 < P./. ()&&eston to be
realsed n f2e +o)rs and t8ent" 'n)tes1 i.e. at t+e e#$raton of t+at t'e
t+e $atent 8as to 'a3e a cross and $)t do8n t+e t'e n t+e 'anner D)st
descrbed. Res)lt.Correct.
7emarBs.On t+s occason I dd not sa" an"t+n& to t+e $atent abo)t
t+e e#$er'ent1 et+er before or after +"$noss. I told +er 'ot+er ts nat)re1
b)t not t+e t'e at 8+c+ t+e s)&&eston s+o)ld be f)lflled. %t @.*? t+e
sa'e e2enn& +er 'ot+er notced t+at t+e $atent 8as restless1 and as3ed +er
8+at 8as t+e 'atter. (+e re$led1 I feel I ')st do so'et+n&1 b)t cannot
tell 8+at.9 %t @..> P./. s+e ra$dl" 'ade a cross 8t+ a $encl and 8rote
t8ent" 'n)tes $ast nne on a $ece of $a$er1 at t+e sa'e t'e sa"n&1 It5s
all sllness.9 T+ere 8as no cloc3 n t+e roo'1 b)t +er 'ot+er 8ent nto t+e
ne#t roo' 8+ere t+ere 8as one1 and fo)nd t+at t+e t'e 8as @..>. 6+en I
a&an sa8 t+e $atent I e#$laned t+e nat)re of t+e e#$er'ents I $ro$osed
'a3n& to +er1 and nstr)cted +er al8a"s to carr" a $encl and $a$er 8t+
+er d)rn& t+e da"1 and to $)t one b" +er bedsde at n&+t. I told +er I s+o)ld
'a3e t+ese e#$er'ental s)&&estons fro' t'e to t'e1 b)t not on eac+
occason 8+en s+e 2sted 'e. In 'an" nstances I dd not calc)late 8+en
t+e s)&&estons fell d)e1 and n ot+ers t+e calc)latons I 'ade at t+e t'e
8ere $ro2ed to be erroneo)s1 and t+e res)lts of t+e e#$er'ents 8ere n
t+ese cases onl" deter'ned 8+en t+e seres 8as co'$leted.Y
80periment No. ?.6ednesda"1 ,ece'ber *At+1 ;.<? P./. ()&&eston
n .< +o)rs1 .AA> 'n)tes. Res)lt.;.<? P./.1 (at)rda"1 ,ece'ber .*st.
Correct.Y
80periment No. @.,ece'ber ;*st1 *A@?1 < P./. ()&&eston n **1?.?
'n)tes. Res)lt.**.? %./.1 6ednesda"1 7an)ar" At+. 6ron&.
7emarBs.T+e res)lt o)&+t to +a2e been <.? P./.1 7an)ar" At+. I reC
+"$notsed +er on t+at da"1 and as3ed +er to recall t+e s)&&eston I +ad
'ade on ,ece'ber ;*st. (+e sad t 8as to be e#ec)ted n **1..? 'n)tes.
T+e s)$$osed s)&&eston of **1..? 'n)tes +ad been carred o)t correctl".
I no8 atte'$ted to fnd o)t d)rn& hypnosis t+e $atent5s 'ental
condton n reference to t+ese s)&&estons. In re$l" to '" E)estons s+e
nfor'ed 'eJ *. T+at 8+en t+e s)&&estons 8ere 'ade n +"$noss s+e dd
not calc)late 8+en t+e" fell d)e. .. T+at s+e dd not calc)late t+e' at an"
t'e after8ards. ;. T+at s+e +ad no recollecton of t+e' 8+en a8a3ened. <.
T+at no 'e'or" of t+e' e2er arose n t+e 8a3n& state. ?. T+at s+ortl"
before t+er f)lfl'ent s+e al8a"s e#$erenced a 'otor '$)lse1 t+at +er
fn&ers 'o2ed as f to &ras$ a $encl and to $erfor' t+e act of 8rtn&. B.
T+at t+s '$)lse 8as ''edatel" follo8ed b" t+e dea of 'a3n& a cross1
and of t+e t'e. =. T+at s+e ne2er loo3ed at cloc3 or 8atc+ )ntl after s+e
+ad 8rtten t+e f&)res.
80periments.6ednesda"1 7an)ar" At+1 *A@B.
No. *>.<.? P./. ()&&eston n <<*= 'n)tes.
No. **.<.? P./. ()&&eston n **1<=> 'n)tes.
No. *..<.;> P./. ()&&eston n *>1>=> 'n)tes.
7esuts.%No. *>.?.<. P./.1 (at)rda"1 7an)ar" **t+.
No. **.;.*? P./.1 T+)rsda"1 7an)ar" *Bt+.
+i,KPN-
No. *..<..> P./.1 6ednesda"1 7an)ar" *?t+.%ll 8ere correct.
7emarBs.%s t+e $atent +ad stated n +"$noss t+at s+e 'ade no
calc)latons n reference to t+e s)&&estons1 n order to 2ar" t+e e#$er'ents
I as3ed +er as soon as I +ad 'ade t+e'1 and before a8a3enn& +er1 to
calc)late 'entall" 8+en t+e" 8o)ld fall d)e1 and to tell 'e t+e res)lt.
(+e re$led as follo8sJ
!o. *> n ; da"s1 ;= 'n)tes1 or t8ent"Ct+ree 'n)tes to f2e ne#t
(at)rda" afternoon.
!o. ** n *A= +o)rs1 ?> 'n)tes1 or = da"s1 @ +o)rs1 ?> 'n)tes. !e#t
6ednesda" 'ornn& at f2e 'n)tes to t8el2e.
!o. *. n *>B= +o)rs1 <> 'n)tes1 or B da"s1 .; +o)rs1 and <> 'n)tes.
<..> P./. ne#t 6ednesda".9
L%ll t+ese ans8ers 8ere 8ron&1 e#ce$t !o. *.1 n 8+c+ t+e ans8er 8as
r&+t1 b)t t+e calc)laton 8ron&. In s$te of t+s1 t+e s)&&estons 8ere all
carred o)t at t+e r&+t t'e.M
6+en I 'ade t+e $atent calc)late 8+en t+e s)&&estons 8o)ld fall d)e1
and fo)nd t+at +er calc)latons 8ere 8ron&1 I nat)rall" concl)ded t+at1 as
s+e +ad f#ed t+e date at 8+c+ t+e s)&&estons 8ere to be f)lflled n +er
o8n 'nd1 n t+e +"$notc state1 t+e" 8o)ld be carred o)t at t+e erroneo)s
t'es. /" astons+'ent 8as &reat 8+en I fo)nd t+e" 8ere e#ec)ted
correctl". I re+"$notsed t+e $atent and sad to +er1 Yo) +a2e not carred
o)t t+ese s)&&estons at t+e t'e "o) told 'e t+e" 8o)ld fall d)e. 6+" s
t+sW9 (+e re$led1 6+at I told "o) 8as all 8ron&.9 -o8 do "o) 3no8 t+e
ot+ers are r&+tW9 I can5t tell "o)1 I onl" feel t+at t+e" are.9 I 8as not able
to elct b" E)estonn& an" 'e'or" of t+e $rocesses b" 8+c+ t+e or&nal
'sta3es 8ere corrected. T+e $atent ass)red 'e t+at fro' t+e t'e t+e
s)&&estons 8ere 'ade s+e +ad ne2er a&an t+o)&+t of t+e'1 and t+at at t+e
t'e of t+er f)lfl'ent s+e +ad s)ddenl" +ad t+e '$)lse to $)t do8n t+e
f&)res. 6+en don& so s+e +ad no recollecton of +er or&nal calc)latons.
4ro' t+s t'e I )s)all" 'ade a n)'ber of s)&&estons to t+e $atent at
eac+ sUance. (o'et'es t+ese started fro' t+e sa'e +o)r1 so'et'es fro'
dfferent +o)rs. In t+e latter case1 t+e startn&C$onts 8ere )s)all" 'a&nar".
Y
L4ro' t+ree to s# s)&&estons 8ere 'ade n ra$d s)ccesson on eac+
occason1 to be f)lflled at nter2als 2ar"n& fro' =.> to .*1<;< 'n)tes.
T+ese seres of s)&&estons 8ere ne2er read o2er to t+e $atent 'ore t+an
t8ce1 and so'et'es onl" once1 and t+at E)c3l". T+e last t8o seres 8ere
t+e 'ost co'$lcated of all1 as follo8sJM
80periments.T+)rsda"1 /a" =t+1 ; P./.
No. ?>.()&&eston n AB?> 'n)tes.
No. ?*.()&&eston n ABA> 'n)tes.
No. ?..()&&eston n A=>> 'n)tes.
I stll f)rt+er co'$lcated t+ese b" s)&&estn& as follo8sJ
!o. ?> s to be f)lflled n t+e 8a3n& state. 42e 'n)tes before ?*
co'es d)e "o) are to fell aslee$. !o1 ?* s to be f)lflled 8+le "o) are
aslee$1 and f2e 'n)tes after8ards "o) are to a8a3e and re'an so )ntl
after t+e f)lfl'ent of !o. ?.. E&+t 'n)tes after ?. falls d)e "o) are a&an
to fall aslee$.9
7esut.T+ese s)&&estons 8ere carred o)t correctl"1 8t+ t+e
e#ce$ton t+at s+e fell aslee$ at ;.;* nstead of ;.;?.
80periments.6ednesda"1 /a" *;t+1 <.;> P./.
On t+s occason I sad to t+e $atent1 Yo) are to carr" o)t all t+e
s)&&estons 'ade last T+)rsda"1 b)t toda" "o) are to start fro' ..?? nstead
of +i,KPO- fro' ; P./.1 and to eac+ of t+e' "o) are to add *<<> 'n)tes.9
%s I 8as ')c+ $ressed for t'e1 t+ese s)&&estons 8ere 'ade 2er"
+)rredl"1 and 8t+o)t e#$lanaton1 and I 8as not at all certan 8+et+er t+e
$atent )nderstood t+e'.
7esuts.Correct1 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of sl&+t dfferences bet8een t+e
correctl" est'ated t'e and t+e 'o'ent at 8+c+ t+e s)&&eston 8as
f)lflled.
Summary.4ft"Cf2e e#$er'ents are ctedG of t+ese one1 a$$arentl"1
8as et+er not carred o)t b" /ss %.1 or )nrecorded b" 'e1 8+le n anot+er
(!o. @) s+e 'stoo3 t+e or&nal s)&&eston1 b)t f)lflled t correctl" n
accordance 8t+ 8+at s+e t+o)&+t t +ad been. 4ort"Cf2e 8ere co'$letel"
s)ccessf)l1 i.e. not onl" dd /ss %. 8rte do8n t+e correct ter'nal t'e1
b)t t+s 8as done1 also1 at t+e 'o'ent t+e e#$er'ent fell d)e. E&+t 8ere
$artall" s)ccessf)l In t+ese t+e ter'nal t'e 8as correctl" recorded n
e2er" nstance1 b)t t+ere 8ere 'n)te dfferences1 ne2er e#ceedn& f2e
'n)tes1 bet8een t+e $atent5s correct est'ate of 8+en t+e s)&&eston fell
d)e and t+e 'o'ent at 8+c+ s+e carred t o)t. T+e $ro$orton 8+c+ t+ese
errors bear to t+er res$ect2e nter2als 2ares bet8een * to .>.A and * to
.*1<.>.
On t8ent"Cfo)r occasons /ss %. 8as as3ed to calc)late Ln +"$nossM
8+en t+e s)&&estons fell d)eG s+e 8as 8ron& n t+e frst nne nstances1 b)t
n t+e re'ann& ffteen r&+t n ele2en and 8ron& n fo)r. %s t+e
e#$er'ents ad2anced1 not onl" t+e freE)enc"1 b)t also t+e e#tent of /ss
%.5s errors n calc)laton decreased1 and t+e ans8ers 8ere &2en ')c+ 'ore
ra$dl". (o'et'es t+e correct re$les 8ere al'ost nstantaneo)s1 and n
t+ese nstances no consco)s calc)laton co)ld be traced. It s to be noted
t+at /ss %.5s 'sta3en calc)latons +ad no effect on t+e correctness of +er
res)lts.Y
On Lall occasons b)t oneM 8+en /ss %. 8as E)estoned n +"$noss as
to t+e )nf)lflled s)&&estons1 s+eYrecalled t+e fact t+at t+ese +ad been
'ade1 b)t rarel" re'e'bered t+er e#act ter's. (+e al8a"s asserted t+at s+e
+ad ne2er t+o)&+t of t+e'1 dd not 3no8 +o8 ')c+ t'e +ad ela$sed snce
t+e" +ad been &2en1 nor 8+en t+e" 8ere d)e. T+s 8as so e2en n cases
8+ere s+e +ad calc)lated t+e ter'nal t'e.Y 6+en /ss %. 8as
E)estoned n +"$noss1 after t+e e#ec)ton of t+e s)&&estons1 +er 'e'or"
on certan $onts 8as 2er" clear. (+e co)ld recall n e2er" detal t+e ter's of
all e#$er'ents t+at +ad recentl" been carred o)t1 i.e. s+e re'e'bered t+e
+o)rs at 8+c+ t+e" +ad been 'ade1 t+e n)'ber of 'n)tes s)&&ested1 +er
o8n calc)latons1 f an"1 and t+e 'o'ent and crc)'stances )nder 8+c+
t+e s)&&estons +ad been f)lflled. P)ttn& asde t+e calc)latons s+e 'ade at
t+e t'e1 n res$onse to s)&&eston1 s+e 8as )nable to recall +a2n& 'ade
an" ot+ers1 or to &2e an" nfor'aton as to t+e 'et+ods b" 'eans of 8+c+
s+e +ad correctl" f)lflled t+e e#$er'ents.Y
L('lar e#$er'ents1 'ore or less s)ccessf)l1 b)t not so str3n& as
t+ose 8t+ /ss %.1 8ere 'ade 8t+ ot+er so'na'b)les1 and detals are
&2en of so'e 8t+ /ss B. In +er caseM1 8+en a s'$le s)&&eston 8as
&2en1 /ss B. so'et'es s$ontaneo)sl" calc)lated 8+en t 8o)ld fall d)e.
/ss %.1 on t+e ot+er +and1 ne2er 'ade an" s$ontaneo)s calc)latons at all.
%$$arentl" /ss B. dd not s$ontaneo)sl" calc)late t+e 'ore co'$lcated
art+'etcal $roble's. 6+en s+e dd so1 n res$onse to s)&&eston1 +er
res)lts 8ere n2arabl" correct1 b)t1 des$te t+s1 t+e e#$er'ents 8ere not
al8a"s f)lflled at t+er a$$ro$rate t'e. /ss %.1 on t+e contrar"1 8as
often 8ron& n +er calc)latons1 8+le t+e s)&&estons t+e'sel2es 8ere
carred o)t 8t+ $+eno'enal acc)rac".
T+e 'ost f)nda'ental dfference bet8een t+ese cases and t+ose of
G)rne"5s &2en abo2e see's to be t+at t+e 'et+od of est'aton of t'e +i,
KGP- reall" )sed b" ,r. Bra'8ell5s s)bDects co)ld not be dsco2ered b"
E)estonn& d)rn& +"$noss1 b)t a$$eared to belon& to so'e strat)' of
consco)sness 'ore $rofo)nd t+an t+e +"$notc (s)&&estn& an analo&" 8t+
t+e ns$ratons of &en)s9 or t+e feats of calc)latn& bo"s9)G 8+ereas
G)rne"5s s)bDects1 8+en +"$notsed a&an before a s)&&eston 8as f)lflled1
8ere consco)s of 3ee$n& co)nt of t+e la$se of t'e.
,,( A . T+e follo8n& case of '$ro2e'ent of dra'atc fac)lt" n
+"$noss s recorded b" ,r. ,)fa" n a $a$er n t+e 7evue &hiosophique for
(e$te'ber *AAA1 a translaton of 8+c+ a$$eared n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $$. <>=K<.=. T+e s)bDect 8as a +"stercal "o)n& actress1 8+o' +e +ad
+"$notsed se2eral t'es $re2o)sl". T+e s$ecal nterest of t+s case s t+at
+"$noss 8as $rod)ced a$$arentl" 8t+o)t t+e s)bDect5s 3no8led&e1 or
s)s$con t+at t 8as ben& atte'$ted. (Ot+er nstances of t+e a$$arentl"
tele$at+c $rod)cton of +"$noss are &2en n t+e %$$endces to (ecton
,') .)
I sad D)st no8 t+at I +ad 'ana&ed to +"$notse /dlle. B. b" a 8ord or a
loo31 b)t I dd not t+n3 t+at 8t+o)t real contact t co)ld s)cceed )nless I
8as close to +er at t+e t'e. -a2n& al8a"s notced t+at ntell&ence s ')c+
'ore +&+l" de2elo$ed n t+e so'na'b)lc state1 I +ad so'et'es
+"$notsed t+s 2er" ndfferent lttle actress b" 'erel" telln& +er1 D)st as
s+e 8as abo)t to 'a3e +er a$$earance on t+e scene1 t+at s+e 8as &on& to
slee$1 8+c+ al8a"s $roc)red +er a &reat s)ccess 8t+ t+e $)blc. It s a
crc)'stance of t+s nat)re 8+c+ ntrod)ces +er nto '" $resent s)bDect.
One e2enn& I arr2ed late at t+e t+eatre. T+e 'ana&er 8as 8atn&
an#o)sl" for 'e n +s offceG +e +ad c+an&ed t+e order of t+e $eces1 and
$)t t+e Ca$rce9 at t+e end of t+e entertan'ent1 beca)se +e +ad D)st been
nfor'ed b" tele&ra' t+at +s grande coquette +ad 'ssed t+e tran1 8+c+
8as to +a2e bro)&+t +er fro' To)rs to Blos. B)t +e 8as rel"n& on '"
assstance to s)bstt)te /dlle. B. 8t+o)t da'a&n& t+e $erfor'ance.
,oes s+e so ')c+ as 3no8 +er $artW9 I as3ed +'.
(+e +as seen t $la"ed se2eral t'es1 b)t s+e +as not re+earsed t.9
-a2e "o) e#$ressed an" +o$e t+at I '&+t co'e to +er assstanceW9
I too3 care not to do t+atJ an" do)bt as to +er talents 8o)ld +a2e been
s)ffcent to +a2e $rod)ced one of +er attac3s.9
Ver" 8ell1 do not let +er 3no8 I a' +ere. I 8ll ta3e ad2anta&e of t+s
o$$ort)nt" to 'a3e a 2er" nterestn& e#$er'ent.9
I dd not s+o8 '"self on t+e sta&e1 b)t too3 '" $lace n a close bo# at
t+e far end of t+e +o)se1 8+c+ +a$$ened to be )nocc)$ed1 and t+e &ratn&
closed. T+en1 dra8n& '"self to&et+er1 I 8lled ntentl" t+at /dlle. B. '&+t
fall aslee$.
It 8as t+en +alfC$ast ten. I learned at t+e end of t+e $erfor'ance t+at at
t+s sa'e t'e t+e "o)n& artste1 sto$$n& n t+e 'ddle of +er tolette1
s)ddenl" san3 do8n on t+e sofa n +er roo'1 be&&n& t+e dresser to let +er
rest a lttle. %fter a fe8 'n)tes of dro8sness s+e &ot )$1 fns+ed dressn&
+erself1 and 8ent do8n to t+e sta&e. 6+en t+e c)rtan rose I 8as not 2er"
confdent of t+e s)ccess of '" e#$er'ent1 not t+en 3no8n& 8+at +ad
ta3en $lace n t+e actress5s dressn&Croo'G b)t I 8as not lon& n satsf"n&
'"self1 'erel" b" seen& t+e acton and attt)de of '" s)bDect. (+e +ad
retaned n +er 'e'or" t+s $art +i,KGG- 8+c+ s+e +ad not learnt1 b)t +ad
onl" seen $la"ed1 and acE)tted +erself 'ar2ello)sl". T+ere 8as1 +o8e2er1
anot+er s)&&eston t+at I ')st )nconsco)sl" +a2e &2en +er1 8+en 'entall"
ordern& +er to $la" t+e co'ed"1 and t+at 8as to $)t +erself en rapport 8t+
t+e ot+er c+aracters n t+e $ece1 snce 8t+o)t t+at so'na'b)lsts onl" see
and +ear t+e $erson 8+o +as $)t t+e' to slee$. -o8e2er t+at 'a" be1 I 8as
obl&ed to a8a3en /dlle. B. n order t+at s+e '&+t ta3e $art n t+e s)$$er
8+c+ 8as &2en b" t+e del&+ted 'ana&er.
(+e t+en re'e'bered +a2n& t+ro8n +erself on t+e sofa1 D)st as s+e +ad
$)t on one of +er &lo2es1 and1 fndn& +erself seated t+ere a&an1 s+e
'a&ned t+at 8e +ad co'e to tell +er t+at t+e c)rtan 8as rsn& for t+e
Ca$rce.9 It 8as onl" on seen& +er co'$anons s)rro)ndn& +er1 and
con&rat)latn& +er on +er $ro&ress1 t+at s+e )nderstood 8+at +ad ta3en
$lace1 and t+an3ed 'e 8t+ a &lance.
If t be obDected t+at s+e +ad e#$ected '" arr2al1 t+en s)s$ected '"
$resence1 or at least '" nfl)ence1 8+c+ +ad been so fa2o)rable to +er
talent on ot+er occasons1 and t+at selfCs)&&eston +ad e2en n t+s case
$rod)ced so'na'b)ls'I +a2e no re$l" to 'a3e.
In t+e sa'e $a$er ,r. ,)fa" &2es se2eral ot+er nstances of t+e
'$ro2e'ent of 'e'or" n +"$noss. T+)s1 a lad"1 after readn& once a
$oe' of a +)ndred and t8o lnes1 8as +"$notsed1 and re$rod)ced t
correctl" n a)to'atc 8rtn&. T+e sa'e lad"1 8+o 8as an e#cellent
')scan1 8+en +"$notsed1 $la"ed fro' 'e'or" 8t+ $erfect e#ec)ton an
o2ert)re of e&+t or ten $a&es to a ne8 o$era1 8+c+ s+e +ad $la"ed t+ro)&+
onl" once t+e da" before.
,,( B . 4ro' ,r. 7. /lne Bra'8ell5s Personall" Obser2ed -"$notc
P+eno'ena9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. *@<).
In res$onse to s)&&eston t+e s)bDect 'a" recall t+e e2ents of 8a3n&
lfe to a &reater e#tent t+an +e co)ld do n t+e nor'al condton1 as 8ell as
8+at +as ta3en $lace d)rn& $re2o)s +"$nosesG and1 on a8a3n&1 'a" +a2e
lost all recollecton of 8+at +as occ)rred. T+e lost 'e'or" can be restored
to a &reater or lesser e#tent b" s)&&eston. T+e '$ro2e'ent n 'e'or"
e#tends to re'ote as 8ell as recent ncdents1 and I +a2e notced n)'ero)s
e#a'$les of bot+. One $atent1 8+ose nat)ral 'e'or" 8as )n)s)all" bad1
8as able to recall on a8a3n& so'e 2erses 8t+ 8+c+ s+e 8as $re2o)sl"
)nacE)anted1 and 8+c+ 8ere onl" read o2er to +er t8ce d)rn& +"$noss.
%not+er1 8+o co)ld $la" a fe8 dance t)nes )$on t+e $ano1 b)t 8+o co)ld
onl" do so 8t+ t+e ')sc before +er 8+en a8a3e1 8as able1 8+en
+"$notsed and blndfolded1 to $la" t+e sa'e t)nes ')c+ 'ore brllantl". I
+a2e fo)nd t+at s)bDects 8+o co)ld not re'e'ber e2ents 8+c+ +a$$ened at
an earler a&e t+an s# or se2en 8ere able1 8+en +"$notsed1 to recall t+ose
8+c+ +ad occ)rred at t+e a&e of t8o and a +alf "ears. In 'an" of t+ese
nstances I +a2e obtaned confr'ator" e2dence1 at all e2ents as re&ards t+e
occ)rrence of t+e facts t+e'sel2es1 fro' t+e test'on" of older relat2es.
,,( C . It s $ossble not onl" to '$ro2e 'e'or" b" +"$noss1 b)t also
to reco2er 'e'ores t+at +a2e la$sed fro' t+e nor'al consco)sness1 e.g.
as ,r. Bra'8ell +as s+o8nt+ose relatn& to t+e e2ents of earl" c+ld+ood.
4)rt+er1 t+e 'e'or" of e2ents occ)rrn& d)rn& secondar" +i,KGH- states of
consco)sness1 8+c+ t+e $r'ar" consco)sness +as ne2er been a8are of at
all1 'a" so'et'es be reco2ered b" +"$noss. T+e best 3no8n nstance of
t+s s t+e case of %nsel Bo)rne . ((, A /.
,r. ,)fa" records anot+er case as follo8sJ
6t+ res$ect to t+e for&etf)lness of 8+at +ad ta3en $lace d)rn& an
attac3 of so'na'b)ls'1 I +a2e $)bls+ed n t+e 7evue Scienti$ique of
,ece'ber *st1 *AA;1 t+e case of a "o)n& ser2ant &rl1 8+o1 t+n3n& t+at +er
'stress5s De8els 8ere not safe n t+e dra8er 8+ere s+e +ad $)t t+e'1 +d
t+e' n anot+er $ece of f)rnt)re1 8+ere t+e" see'ed to +er to be safer.
%cc)sed of +a2n& stolen t+e'1 and des$te +er denals (8+c+ 8ere E)te
sncere)1 s+e 8as $)t n $rson. One da"1 n $a"n& a $rofessonal 2st at t+e
$rson1 I reco&nsed +er1 +a2n& seen +er ser2n& at t+e +o)se of one of '"
collea&)es. Rno8n& +er to be so'na'b)lc1 I $)t +er to slee$1 and s+e t+en
related to 'e 8+at s+e +ad done1 and 8as ')c+ dstressed at +a2n& no
recollecton of t 8+en a8a3e. I 'ade +er re$eat +er declaraton before t+e
e#a'nn& 'a&strate1 8+o1 after 2erfcaton1 +ad +er set at lbert".
/an" cases of t+e effects of +"$nots' on 'e'or" are &2en n t+e
7evue de Q'ypnotisme, e.g. a case recorded b" ,r. Ptres (2ol. #.1 *A@?1 $.
*B<) of a $atent 8+o for se2eral da"s n s)ccesson re'e'bered 8+en
+"$notsed +er drea's of t+e $re2o)s n&+t1 8+c+ s+e co)ld not recollect
8+le a8a3e.
,,3 A . T+e follo8n& s a str3n& nstance of t+e )tlsaton of +"$notc
s)&&eston to a2od 8aste of ener&" n a res$onsble and e#+a)stn&
occ)$aton. ,r. %. 4orel1 n a $a$er on X)elE)es ()&&estons9 n t+e
7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 2ol. 2. $. ;?= (*A@.)1 8rtesJ
%t t+e B)r&+TlNl %s"l)'1 n order to 8atc+ t+e $atents 8t+ s)cdal
tendences d)rn& t+e n&+t1 8e e'$lo" 8arders 8+o +a2e rece2ed
a$$ro$rate +"$notc s)&&estons. T+e n)rse5s bed s $laced at t+e sde of t+e
$atent5s1 and t+e s)&&eston s &2en t+at s+e s+all slee$ 8ell and +ear
not+n& e#ce$t an" )n)s)al so)nd t+e $atent 'a" 'a3e. If t+e latter
atte'$ts to &et o)t of bed1 or to do +erself an" +ar'1 t+e n)rse a8a3es at
once1 ot+er8se s+e slee$s so)ndl"1 des$te t+e )n'$ortant noses and
'o2e'ents 'ade b" t+e $atent.
T+s s"ste' s)cceeds ad'rabl"1 $ro2ded 8e select s)&&estble 8arders
for t. T+e na$$recable ad2anta&e s t+at t+e n)rse does not &et tred (I
+a2e so'et'es contn)ed t+s slee$n& 8atc+ 8t+ t+e sa'e n)rse for 'ore
t+an s# 'ont+s 8t+o)t +er s)ffern& t+e sl&+test fat&)e)1 and t+at t+e
dan&er of ordnar" 8atc+n&t+at of falln& aslee$1 des$te e2er"
$reca)tondoes not e#st.
I +a2e not +ad a sn&le accdent to re$ort1 8t+ re&ard to $atents
8atc+ed n t+s 'anner1 for fo)r "ears. It s c)ro)s to obser2e t+e s)r$rse
s)staned b" t+e sad $atents'elanc+olcsto see t+e'sel2es so 8ell
8atc+ed n t+s 8a".
,,3 B . %n nterestn& case of ntell&ent 'ental acton1 8+c+ 8as
a$$arentl" be"ond t+e s)bDect5s nor'al $o8ers1 and t+e or&n of 8+c+ 8as
onl" traced to t+e +"$notc condton b" accdent1 s recorded b" ,r.
Bra'8ell n one of t+e $a$ers abo2e referred to ()rain, ()''er !)'ber1
+i,KGI- *@>>1 $. .>=). T+e s)bDect 8as t+e /ss %. of +s t'e e#$er'ents .
,,1 C /. (+e so'et'es re'aned )ndst)rbed for an +o)r or t8o n +s
roo' n t+e +"$notc condton 8+le +e 8as treatn& ot+er $atents. On
ben& E)estoned n +"$noss as to +er 'ental lfe )nder t+ese condtons1
s+e re$led as follo8sJ
6+en "o) do not s$ea3 to 'e1 and not+n& occ)rs t+at nterests 'e
drectl"1 I &enerall" t+n3 of not+n&1 and $ass nto a condton of $rofo)nd
restf)lness. Once1 +o8e2er1 I +ad an '$ortant dress to 'a3e and 8as
$)NNled +o8 to do t. %fter "o) +ad +"$notsed 'e and left 'e restn&
E)etl"1 I $lanned t+e dress. 6+en I a8o3e I dd not 3no8 I +ad done so1
and 8as stll tro)bled abo)t t. On '" 8a" +o'e I s)ddenl" t+o)&+t +o8
t+e dress o)&+t to be 'ade1 and after8ards s)ccessf)ll" carred o)t '"
deas. I bele2ed I +ad fo)nd t+e 8a" o)t of t+e dffc)lt" t+ere and t+en1 n
t+e 8a3n& stateG I no8 3no8 I dd so so'e +o)rs $re2o)sl" 8+en
+"$notsed.9 6+en t+e s)bDect 8as aro)sed s+e +ad no recollecton of 8+at
s+e +ad sad1 and stll bele2ed s+e +ad $lanned t+e dress 8+en a8a3e.
,r. LUbea)lt1 n a $a$er n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 7an)ar" *AA@
(alread" referred to n ,(* A)1 &2es se2eral cases of t+e )se of +"$nots' n
ed)caton1t+e sc+oolbo"s on 8+o' s)&&eston 8as $ractsed for t+e
$)r$ose acE)rn& a &reater $o8er of concentratn& t+er attenton on t+er
lessons. (ee also t+e references to $a$ers b" ,r. BUrllon and ot+ers n t+e
sa'e %$$end#1 and n ,() A.
,,, A . T+e E)eston of +"$notc cr'es9 8as t+oro)&+l" dsc)ssed b"
,r. LUbea)lt n +s boo31 *u Sommei et des 8tats Anaogues (*ABB). Later1
,r. LU&eos1 8+ose s$ecalt" s 'edcal D)rs$r)dence1 'ade 'an"
e#$er'ents 8t+ ,r. LUbea)lt5s $atents to test t+e $ractcablt" of
cr'nal s)&&eston -e s)&&ested to t+e' fctto)s cr'es1 s)c+ as ')rder1
t+eft1 $erD)r"1 &c.1 and 'ade t+e' &2e +' rece$ts for 'one" 8+c+ +e
+ad ne2er reall" lent t+e'. One s)bDect 8as nd)ced to fre a re2ol2er1
8+c+ s+e 8as told 8as loaded1 at a 'a&strateG anot+er at +er o8n 'ot+erG
t+e latter s)bDect 8as also 'ade to acc)se +erself before a 'a&strate of
+a2n& co''tted a ')rder. % "o)n& 'an dssol2ed n 8ater a $o8der
8+c+ +e 8as told 8as arsenc1 and &a2e t to +s a)nt to drn3G after8ards
+e co'$letel" for&ot t+s act. T+ese e#$er'ents 8ere $)bls+ed n *AA< n
a 'e'or enttled .a suggestion 'ypnotique dans ses 7apports avec e
*roit Civi et e *roit Crimine, 8+c+ 8as e#$anded n *AA@ nto a boo31
*e a suggestion et du Somnambuisme dans eurs 7apports avec a
1urisprudence et a 2;decine .;gae.
,r. 2on (c+renc3C!otNn&1 n *ie gerichtich medicinische )edeutung
der suggestion ($)bls+ed n t+e Archiv $ur Urimina,Anthropoogie und
UriminaistiB, Le$N&1 *@>>)1 dstn&)s+es t+ree classes of cr'es 8+c+
'&+t +e aded b" s)&&estonJ (*) cr'es a&anst a +"$notsed $erson1 of
8+c+ a fe8 nstances +a2e been 3no8n to occ)rG (.) cr'es co''tted b"
'eans of +"$notsed $ersonsG and (;) cr'es ncted b" s)&&eston n t+e
8a3n& state. %bo)t t+e $ossblt" of t+e second class1 t+ere s ')c+
dfference +i,KGJ- of o$nonG so'e a)t+ors1 as 4)c+s and Bened3t1
den"n& t co'$letel"1 8+le ot+ers1 as LUbea)lt and LU&eos1 t+n3 t
s)ffcentl" '$ortant to be ta3en acco)nt of n t+e ad'nstraton of D)stceG
Bern+e' and 4orel1 a&an1 ta3e an nter'edate 2e8. LUbea)lt1 as E)oted
b" (c+renc3C!otNn&1 nstances a bo" 8+o +ad often been 'ade to co''t
s'all t+efts b" 8a" of e#$er'ent1 and 8+o after8ards de2elo$ed
3le$to'ana.
:nder t+e +ead of cr'es ca)sed b" s)&&eston n t+e 8a3n& state1
(c+renc3C!otNn& E)otes t+e (a)ter case (*A@@)1 n 8+c+ a 8o'an 8as
acc)sed of atte'$ts to co''t se2eral ')rders b" )nla8f)l 'eans (blac3
'a&c). T+e e2dence s+o8ed t+at s+e +ad been ncted to t+ese atte'$ts b"
a fort)neCteller $la"n& on +er s)$erstto)s and +"stercal te'$era'ent.
4alsfcaton of e2dence b" s)&&eston co'es )nder t+e sa'e +ead1 e.g. n
t+e tral of Berc+told for ')rder at /)nc+ n *A@B1 ne8s$a$er re$orts of
t+e case e#cted t+e $)blc 'nd1 and $rod)ced a cro$ of false 8tnesses1
8+o 'ade on oat+ a n)'ber of contradctor" state'ents1 all a$$arentl" n
&ood fat+.
Bern+e'1 n Les -all)cnatons rUtroact2es s)&&UrUes dans le
so''el nat)rel o) artfcel9 (7evue de Q'ypnotisme, ,ece'ber *AA@1 $.
*BA)1 descrbes +o8 +e 'ade a roo'f)l of ele2en $atents bele2e t+at t+e"
+ad 8tnessed an assa)lt on one of t+e +os$tal attendants1 t+e s)$$osed
c)l$rt +'self s+arn& n t+e del)son.
It ')st be obser2ed1 +o8e2er1 t+at 'ost of t+e s)bDects )sed n t+e
laborator"9 e#$er'ents of LUbea)lt1 LU&eos1 and Bern+e' see' to
+a2e been n a feeble state of bod" or 'nd1 8t+ lttle $o8er of 'oral
resstanceso'et'es1 $er+a$s1 8t+ $ost2e cr'nal tendencesG and t+e
false 8tnesses n t+e Berc+told tral 8ere ob2o)sl" llCbalanced and
+"stercal. ()c+ cases1 t+erefore1 afford no e2dence of t+e $ossblt" of
)nder'nn& settled 'oral $rnc$les b" +"$notc s)&&eston. 4)rt+er1 t +as
been $onted o)t t+at LU&eos5 s)bDects $robabl" 3ne81 n s$te of +s
$reca)tons1 t+at t+e cr'es s)&&ested to t+e' 8ere fctto)s1 and 8o)ld
+a2e ref)sed to co''t real cr'es.
Ot+er n2est&ators1 s)c+ as ,elbQ)f1 +a2e fo)nd t+at t+er s)bDects
resst '$ro$er or ''oral s)&&estons1 and t+e ablt" of t+e s)bDect to
resst an"t+n& o$$osed to +s 8a3n& conscence s also 'antaned b" ,r.
7. /. Creed1 of ("dne" (see /" E#$erence of +"$notc s)&&eston as a
T+era$e)tc %&ent19 n The Austraian 2edica :a3ette of 7an)ar" .>t+1
*A@@). T+ese 2e8s are stron&l" s)$$orted b" t+e e#$erence of ,r.
Bra'8ell1 E)oted belo8.
On t+e s)bDect of +"$notc cr'es1 see also Glles de la To)rette1
.Q'ypnotisme et es ]tats Anaogues au point de vue m;dico,;ga, and V.
Bent2e&n1 *ie 'ypnose und ihre civirechtiche )edeutung (Le$N&1
*A@>). % )sef)l &eneral dsc)sson of t+e s)bDect1 8t+ n)'ero)s references
to a)t+ortes1 s &2en n t+e c+a$ter on T+e Le&al %s$ects of -"$nots'9
n /oll5s 'ypnotism.
,,, B . ,r. Bra'8ell $onts o)t (see 6+at s -"$nots'W9 n +i,KGK-
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .><K?A) t+at +s o8n 2e8s as to t+e
co'$lete nde$endence of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect5s 8ll +ad been lon& a&o
'antaned b" Brad1 8+o consdered t+at t+e s)bDect +ad acE)red ne8 and
2ared $o8ers1 b)t +ad not at t+e sa'e t'e lost +s 2olton or 'oral sense.
Brad asserted t+at +e +ad $ro2ed t+at no one co)ld be affected b"
+"$nots' at an" sta&e of t+e $rocess )nless b" 2ol)ntar" co'$lance. -s
s)bDects 8ere docle and obl&n&G b)t des$te t+s1 t+e" ref)sed all cr'nal
s)&&estons1 and e2en de2elo$ed a +&+er sense of $ro$ret" t+an
c+aractersed t+er nor'al condton.
*
%&anst t+e 2e8 of Bern+e'1 ,r.
Bra'8ell 'antans t+at t+e soCcalled +"$notc cr'es +a2e no analo&" 8t+
t+e s'$le a)to'atc actons 8+c+ s)bDects 'a" easl" be traned to
$erfor'. -e &oes on ($. .;;)J
6+en I co''enced +"$notc 8or3 so'e se2en "ears a&o1 I1 l3e
,elbQ)f1 bele2ed t+at t+e +"$notc s)bDect 8as entrel" at t+e 'erc" of t+e
o$erator. I 8as soon aro)sed fro' t+s drea'1 +o8e2er1 not b" t+e res)lt of
e#$er'ents 'ade to test t+e condton1 b)t fro' t+e constantl" rec)rrn&
facts 8+c+ s$ontaneo)sl" arose n o$$oston to '" $reconce2ed t+eores.
In t+e $a$er $rnted Ln &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *=BK.>;M )nder t+e
+eadn& (oCcalled +"$notc %)to'ats'19 I cted a n)'ber of cases n
8+c+ s)&&estons +ad been ref)sed b" +"$notc s)bDects. I also 'entoned
t8o s)bDects 8+o +ad reDected certan s)&&estons and acce$ted ot+ers. /ss
4.1 for e#a'$le1 rected a $oe'1 b)t 8o)ld not +el$ +erself to a &lass of
8ater fro' '" sdeboard1 8+le /r. G. 8o)ld $la" one $art1 b)t not ot+ers1
and co''tted an 'a&nar" cr'e.
T+ese s)bDects acce$ted s)&&estons 8+c+ 8ere a$$arentl" n
o$$oston to t+er nor'al c+aracter. 4or nstance1 /ss 4.1 8+o 8as
e#tre'el" ner2o)s and s+" abo)t sn&n& or readn& alo)d1 not onl" before
stran&ers1 b)t also before certan 'e'bers of +er o8n fa'l"1 rected a
$oe' n t+e 8a3n& state 8+c+ I +ad read to +er d)rn& +"$noss. -er
'ot+er told 'e t+at1 )nder ordnar" crc)'stances1 s+e 8o)ld rat+er +a2e
ded t+an +a2e done so. 6+le /r. G.1 8+o ref)sed t+e rbles of dssentn&
'nster and +a83er1 acce$ted t+at of s+o8'an. -e also1 8t+o)t t+e least
+estaton1 $ro'$tl" $)t a $ece of s)&ar n a frend5s teaCc)$1 after +a2n&
been ass)red t 8as arsenc. 6+en as3ed 8+" +e +ad $osoned +s frend1 +e
re$led1 la)&+n&1 O+1 t+at5s all r&+t1 +e +as l2ed lon& eno)&+Z9 I 'ade no
atte'$t to ascertan G.5s 'ental condton n reference to t+e s)$$osed
cr'e1 b)t I t+n3 one can1 8t+o)t ')c+ dffc)lt"1 'a&ne t. G. 8as a
res$ectable trades'an and a so'e8+at de2o)t ,ssenter1 and t s not
)nnat)ral to s)$$ose +e ref)sed t+e $art of fs+C+a83er as t+s 8as not n
3ee$n& 8t+ +s socal $oston1 and t+at of 'nster as t offended +s
rel&o)s s)sce$tbltes1 and acce$ted t+at of s+o8'an beca)se t contaned
not+n& obDectonable to +'. 6o)ld t be reasonable to s)$$ose t+at +e
s+o)ld at t+e sa'e t'e be ca$able of 8e&+n& fne dstnctons bet8een
t+e s)&&ested alteratons n $ersonalt" and )nable to )nderstand t+e
e#$er'ental nat)re of t+e cr'eW -e1 b" t+e 8a"1 affords t+e onl" nstance
n 8+c+ an 'a&nar" cr'e +as been carred o)t b" one of '" o8n
$atents. %ll ot+ers1 8t+o)t e#ce$ton1 +a2e absol)tel" ref)sed s)c+
s)&&estons.
6+" s+o)ld /ss 4. +a2e rected t+e $oe' and ref)sed to ta3e a &lass of
+i,KGL- 8ater fro' '" sdeboardW T+e ans8er to t+e frst E)eston s
ob2o)s. (+e 8as e#tre'el" an#o)s to &et rd of t+e ner2o)s
e'barrass'ent fro' 8+c+ s+e s)ffered1 and t+)s t+e s)&&eston contaned
not+n& o$$osed to +er 2olton. (+e +erself e#$laned t+e secondG after
lea2n& '" +o)se +er 'ot+er reC+"$notsed +er1 and as3ed 8+" s+e +ad
ref)sed '" s)&&eston1 8+ere)$on s+e re$led1 I do not 3no8 ,r.
Bra'8ell 8ell eno)&+ to +el$ '"self )nas3ed to a &lass of 8ater.9Y
LOt+er ll)strat2e cases are &2en1 and ,r. Bra'8ell contn)esJM
T+ese1 and 'an" s'lar facts1 +a2e forced 'e to abandon all belef n
soCcalled a)to'ats' or +el$less obedenceG stll1 I ')st refer to so'e of t+e
ar&)'ents n s)$$ort of t before atte'$tn& to anal"se f)rt+er t+e 'ental
condton n +"$noss.
(*) 6+en s)bDects s)ccessf)ll" resst s)&&eston1 t s )s)al to e#$lan
t+s b" ass)'n& t+at t+e" +a2e not been so dee$l" +"$notsed as t+ose n
8+o' no resstance +as 'anfested tself. I cannot ad't t+e correctness of
t+s n '" cases. ,)rn& t+e last se2en "ears I +a2e +ad freE)ent
o$$ort)ntes of e#a'nn& +"$notc s)bDects1 at +o'e and abroad1 and +a2e
no8+ere obser2ed 'ore $rofo)nd so'na'b)les t+an a'on&st '" o8n
$atents1 rarel"1 n fact1 seen& cases to eE)al t+e'. %ll to 8+o' I +a2e
referred not onl" e#+bted t+e $+eno'ena of $rofo)ndest so'na'b)ls'1
b)t nearl" all +ad been s)bDects of $anless o$eratons n t+e +"$notc state.
(.) T+e $ersonalt" of t+e o$erator1 and +s 'et+od of trann& +s
s)bDects1 s s)$$osed to $la" an '$ortant $art n t+e acce$tance or reDecton
of s)&&estons. Grantn& t+at t+s be tr)e1 t does not e#$lan t+e resstance
8+c+ I enco)ntered. I co''enced b" bele2n& t+at t+e s)bDects 8ere
entrel" at '" 'erc"1 and dd '" best to de2elo$ t+er s)$$osed obedence.
(;) T+e e#stence of one class of $+eno'ena s consdered as necessarl"
'$l"n& t+e e#stence of anot+er and totall" dffern& class. ,)rand le Gros
as3sJ Is t $ossble t+at s)&&eston s+o)ld +a2e t+e $o8er of $rod)cn&
e#traordnar" $+"scal c+an&es and "et be 8t+o)t t+s $artc)lar effect )$on
t+e 'oral stateW9 T+e facts I +a2e alread" cted ans8er t+s E)eston n t+e
affr'at2e.Y
(<) E2dence n fa2o)r of obedence afforded b" cases n 8+c+ t+e
s)bDects are alle&ed to +a2e acce$ted cr'nal and analo&o)s s)&&estons.
T+ese are '$ortant. T+e fact t+at t+e $+eno'enon of +el$less obedence
8as n2arabl" absent n '" $atents does not D)stf" 'e n concl)dn& t+at
t dd not so'et'es occ)r n t+ose of ot+ers. T+ese cases of soCcalled
a)to'ats' fall nto t8o classesJ 5a6 8+ere an 'a&nar" cr'e +as been
s)&&estedG 5b6 8+ere a real act +as been $erfor'ed1 8+c+ t s ass)'ed t+e
$atent 8o)ld not +a2e s)b'tted to n t+e nor'al state.
5a6 4rst1 as re&ards 'a&nar" cr'e.Y % so'na'b)le $)ts a $ece of
s)&ar nto +er 'ot+er5s teaCc)$1 8+le +er 'edcal 'an 'a3es 2aro)s
abs)rd and )ntr)t+f)l assertons as to ts co'$oston. Bern+e' and
LUbea)lt assert t+at t+e s)bDect acce$ted t+ese abs)rd state'ents as tr)e1
beca)se1 ben& +"$notsed1 s+e 8as )nable to dstn&)s+ bet8een tr)t+ and
false+ood1 8+le ,elbQ)f cla's t+at s+e +ad s)ffcent sense left to 3no8
e#actl" 8+at s+e 8as don&. To net+er does t see' to +a2e occ)rred to as3
t+e s)bDect d)rn& +"$noss 8+at s+e t+o)&+t abo)t t+e 'atter +erself. If
t+e" +ad done so1 s+e 8o)ld $ro'$tl" +a2e sol2ed t+e dffc)lt"1 and told
t+e' t+at 8+le t+e" 8ere &ra2el" dsc)ssn& $robabltes1 s+e 8as E)etl"
la)&+n& n +er slee2e at t+e &rotesE)e abs)rdt" of t+e 8+ole $erfor'ance.
LIn +s $a$er referred to abo2e1 +i,KGM- $$. *@=K.>.1 ,r. Bra'8ell &2es
nstances s+o8n& t+at +s $atents 8+en +"$notsed f)ll" )nderstood t+e
nat)re of t+e s)&&estons 'ade to t+e'.MY
5b6 6+ere a real act +as been $erfor'ed1 8+c+ t s ass)'ed t+e $atent
8o)ld not +a2e s)b'tted to n t+e nor'al state.Y Before t+s can be )sed
as an ar&)'ent n fa2o)r of t+e +el$less obedence of t+e +"$notsed
s)bDect1 one s D)stfed n de'andn& t+at t s+o)ld be clearl" $ro2ed t+at
)nder s'lar crc)'stances t+e $atent 8o)ld +a2e obDected to LtM n t+e
8a3n& condton.Y
(tran&el" eno)&+1 t+e 'ost 'ar3ed case of resstance to s)&&eston t+at
I +a2e obser2ed 8as s+o8n b" LUbea)lt5s celebrated so'na'b)le1 Ca'lle.
To t+s I +a2e alread" referred Lop. cit., $. *@=M1 b)t I 8s+ to e'$+asse t+e
fact t+at t+e classc +"$notc a)to'aton1 t+e one 8+o 8as s)$$osed to carr"
o)t a s)&&eston 8t+ t+e fatalt" of a falln& stone1 ref)sed one1 not on
'oral &ro)nds1 b)t a$$arentl" fro' $)re ca$rce.
T+e dfference bet8een t+e +"$notsed and t+e nor'al s)bDect1 as t
a$$ears to 'e fro' a lon& seres of obser2ed facts1 s not so ')c+ n
cond)ct as n ncreased 'ental and $+"scal $o8ers. %n" c+an&es n t+e
'oral sense1 I +a2e notced1 +a2e n2arabl" been for t+e better1 t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect e2ncn& s)$eror refne'ent. %s re&ards obedence to
s)&&eston1 t+ere s a$$arentl" lttle to c+oose bet8een t+e t8o. %
+"$notsed s)bDect1 8+o +as acE)red t+e $o8er of 'anfestn& 2aro)s
$+"scal and 'ental $+eno'ena1 8ll do so n res$onse to s)&&eston1 for
')c+ t+e sa'e reasons as one n t+e nor'al condton. In t+e nor'al state
8e are )s)all" $leased to s+o8 off o)r 2aro)s &fts and attan'ents1 'ore
es$ecall" f 8e t+n3 t+e" are s)$eror to t+ose of ot+ers1 and n t+s res$ect
t+e +"$notsed s)bDect does not dffer fro' t+e nor'al. Bot+ 8ll ref)se
8+at s dsa&reeableG n bot+ t+s ref)sal 'a" be 'odfed or o2erco'e b"
a$$eals to t+e reason1 or to t+e )s)al 'ot2es 8+c+ nfl)ence cond)ct.
6+en t+e act de'anded s contrar" to t+e 'oral sense1 t s )s)all" ref)sed
b" t+e nor'al s)bDect1 and n2arabl" b" t+e +"$notsed one.
,,' A . (o'e of t+e 'ost str3n& cases of 'oral refor's $rod)ced b"
+"$notc s)&&eston are t+ose recorded b" ,r. %)&)ste Vosn. 4or nstanceJ

In t+e s)''er of *AA< t+ere 8as at t+e (al$OtrPre a "o)n& 8o'an of a

de$lorable t"$e.
*
7eanne (c+ 8as a cr'nal l)natc1 flt+" n +abts1
2olent n de'eano)r1 and 8t+ a lfelon& +stor" of '$)rt" and t+eft. /.
Vosn1 8+o 8as one of t+e $+"scans on t+e staff1 )ndertoo3 to +"$notse
+er on /a" ;*st1 at a t'e 8+en s+e co)ld onl" be 3e$t E)et b" t+e strat
Dac3et and bonnet dQirrigation, or $er$et)al cold do)c+e to t+e +ead. (+e
8o)ld notndeed1 s+e co)ld notloo3 steadl" at t+e o$erator1 b)t ra2ed
and s$at at +'. /. Vosn 3e$t +s face close to +ers1 and follo8ed +er e"es
8+ere2er s+e 'o2ed t+e'. In abo)t ten 'n)tes a stertoro)s slee$ ens)ed1
and n f2e 'n)tes 'ore s+e $assed nto a slee$C8a3n& state1 and be&an to
tal3 nco+erentl". T+e $rocess 8as re$eated on 'an" da"s1 and &rad)all"
s+e beca'e sane 8+en n t+e trance1 t+o)&+ s+e stll ra2ed 8+en a8a3e.
Grad)all"1 too1 s+e beca'e able to obe" n 8a3n& +o)rs co''ands
'$ressed on +er n t+e trancefrst tr2al orders (to s8ee$ t+e roo' and
so fort+)1 t+en orders n2ol2n& a 'ar3ed c+an&e of be+a2o)r. !a" 'oreG n
t+e +"$notc state s+e +i,KGN- 2ol)ntarl" e#$ressed re$entance for +er $ast
lfe1 'ade a confesson 8+c+ n2ol2ed 'ore e2l t+an t+e $olce 8ere
co&nsant of (t+o)&+ t a&reed 8t+ facts ot+er8se 3no8n)1 and fnall" of
+er o8n '$)lse 'ade &ood resol2es for t+e f)t)re. T8o "ears later1 /.
Vosn 8rote to 'e (7)l" ;*st1 *AAB) t+at s+e 8as t+en a n)rse n a Pars
+os$tal1 and t+at +er cond)ct 8as rre$roac+able. It a$$eared1 t+en1 t+at t+s
$oor 8o'an1 8+ose +stor" snce t+e a&e of t+rteen +ad been one of
rec3less foll" and 2ce1 +ad beco'e ca$able of t+e stead"1 selfCcontrolled
8or3 of a n)rse at a +os$tal1 t+e refor'ed c+aracter +a2n& frst 'anfested
tself n t+e +"$notc state1 $artl" n obedence to s)&&eston1 and $artl" as
t+e nat)ral res)lt of t+e tranE)llsaton of 'orbd $assons.
/. ,)fo)r1 t+e 'edcal +ead of anot+er as"l)'1
*
+as ado$ted +"$notc
s)&&eston as a re&)lar ele'ent n +s treat'ent. ,Ps a $rUsent19 +e sa"s1
notre o$non est fateJ sans crante de no)s tro'$er1 no)s affr'ons E)e
l5+"$nots'e $e)t rendre ser2ce dans le trate'ent des 'alades 'entales19
%s 8as to be e#$ected1 +e fnds t+at onl" a s'all $ro$orton of l)natcs are
+"$notsableG b)t t+e effect $rod)ced on t+ese1 8+et+er b" en+ance'ent or
s)&&eston1 s )nfor'l" &ood. -s best s)bDect s a de$ra2ed "o)n& 'an1
8+o after 'an" con2ctons for cr'es (ncl)dn& atte'$ted ')rder) +as
beco'e a 2olent l)natc. T.19 sa"s ,r. ,)fo)r1 a UtU )n asseN 'a)2as
s)Det. !o)s n5a2ons $l)s a $arler a) $rUsent1 telle'ent ses sent'ents
'ora)# ont UtU a'UlorUs $ar l5+"$nots'e.9 T+s c+an&e and a'eloraton
of c+aracter (o2er and abo2e t+e s'$le reco2er" of sant") +as been a
'ar3ed feat)re n so'e of ,r. Vosn5s cases as 8ell.
(ee also a case &2en b" ,r. Vosn n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme, 2ol.
.1 *AA@1 $. *;>1 and %$$endces to sectons ,(*K,30.
,,* A . % case n 8+c+ Dealo)s" +ad $rod)ced act)al nsant" s &2en
n t+e 7evue de Q'ypnotisme for /a" *AA@1 $. ;<?1 b" ,r. %. ,oreN. In t+e
sa'e 7evue, for !o2e'ber *A@;1 $. *<*1 ,r. Bo)rdon records a case of
'orbd Dealo)s" c)red b" +"$notc s)&&eston1 of 8+c+ t+e follo8n& s a
s)''ar"J
/'e. 0.1 t8ent"Cfo)r "ears old1 anF'c1 rrtable1 +ad )nder t+e
nfl)ence of an )n&o2ernable Dealo)s" beco'e 2olent1 s)bDect to fts of
)nreasonable te'$er. (+e co)ld no lon&er eat nor slee$G +ad reac+ed an
e#tre'e de&ree of e'acatonG s+e co)&+ed1 and +er breat+n& 8as rre&)lar
and +ard. -er lfe a$$eared to be n dan&er1 and ,r. Bo)rdon 8as cons)lted.
/'e. 0. 8as +"$notsed 8t+ tolerable ease1 after ffteen 'n)tes5 f#aton
of t+e e"es and s)&&eston of t+e dea of slee$. ,r. Bo)rdon s)&&ests to +er
n a state of l&+t +"$noss t+at s+e s not Dealo)s1 and 3no8s s+e +as no
reason to beG t+at s+e 8ll "eld no 'ore to bad te'$er1 and 8ll be a'able
to8ards +er +)sbandG fnall"1 t+at s+e feels t+e need of slee$1 and food1 and
cal'. On 8a3n& s+e +as no recollecton of t+e +"$notc s)&&estons. T+s
frst sUance s follo8ed b" a'eloraton1 and t+e s)&&estons are re$eated on
se2en consec)t2e da"s. %fter t+e se2ent+ da" s+e feels E)te 8ell1 and
8s+es to &o bac3 +o'e and to see +er +)sband. -er affecton for +' +as
ret)rned. 4nall"1 +ar'on" and +a$$ness 8ere restored n t+e +o'e1 and
+er Dealo)s" 8as co'$letel" +i,KGO- c)red. ,r. Bo)rdon states t+at at t+e
t'e of 8rtn&1 e&+t 'ont+s after t+e treat'ent1 t+ere +ad been no rela$se.
,'3 A . Rac+el Ba3er1
*
one of t+e 'ost noted slee$n& $reac+ers19 8as
born at Pel+a'1 n /assac+)setts1 n *=@<. -er $arents 8ere Presb"terans
of l'ted 'eans1 and t+e c+ef ele'ent n +er ed)caton1 8+c+ 8as
ot+er8se l'ted to se2en 'ont+s5 re&)lar sc+ooln&1 8as rel&o)s
nstr)cton. (+e s sad to +a2e been a c+ld of a sero)s 'a3e1 of fe8
8ords1 t'oro)s1 and ')c+ &2en to 'elanc+ol"1YL+erM 'ental fac)ltes1 n
t+e o$non of all t+ose best acE)anted 8t+ +er1 are far fro' ben& be"ond
8+at s co''on to fe'ales.9 In 7)ne *A**1 at t+e a&e of se2enteen1 s+e fell
nto a state of rel&o)s 'elanc+ol"1 8+c+ &rad)all" beca'e 'ore ac)te tll
!o2e'ber of t+e sa'e "ear1 8+en t+e so'na'b)lc condton frst
a$$earedG ben& a$$arentl" aslee$ n a c+ar n t+e e2enn&1 s+e tal3ed
nco+erentl" of +er fears of +ell1 &c. T+e ft or trance1 8t+ t+e sa'e 3nd of
tal31 constantl" rec)rred tll 7an)ar" .=t+1 *A*.1 8+en a 'ental crss
occ)rred n t+e 8a3n& statea cl'a# of terror and des$ar1 s)cceeded b" a
3nd of con2erson19 8+c+ $rod)ced a +a$$" and cal'n& effect on +er
'nd. 4ro' t+s t'e on8ards t+e trances contn)ed1 b)t +er tal3 beca'e
')c+ 'ore re&)lar and ratonal1 and 'an" $ersons )sed to co'e and lsten
to t.
.
It conssted of $ra"ers and rel&o)s addresses1 and t+ose 8+o 3ne8
+er 8ell declared t+at +er ntellect)al fac)ltes 8ere ncreased to an
e#traordnar" de&ree 8+le n t+e trance. It 8as obser2ed t+at all t+at
Rac+el e#$resses n +er state of so'nloE)s' s t+e res)lt of $reconce2ed
deas and o$nons1 b)t del2ered 8t+ a readness and a fl)enc" 8+c+ s
2er" far abo2e +er 8a3n& state19 and t+e s$ec'ens E)oted bear o)t t+s
2e8. T+e soCcalled fts19 8+c+ occ)rred al'ost e2er" e2enn&1 lasted
abo)t fort"Cf2e 'n)tes1 be&nnn& and endn& 8t+ sl&+t e$le$tfor'
s"'$to's1 and $assn& off nto nat)ral slee$ for t+e rest of t+e n&+t. In +er
8a3n& state s+e 3ne8 not+n& of 8+at +ad +a$$ened n t+e ft19 e#ce$t
fro' t+e nfor'aton of ot+ers. !o ot+er 'orbd s"'$to's of an" 3nd
8ere detected n +er b" t+e doctors 8+o re$ort on t+e caseG t+e fts9 ceased
d)rn& te'$orar" llC+ealt+1 and ret)rned as soon as s+e reco2ered.
T8o ot+er cases of slee$n& $reac+ers9 are recorded n t+e sa'e boo3
t+at of 7ob Coo$er1 a Penns"l2anan 8ea2er1 n *==<1 and 7ose$+ Pa"ne1 a
bo" of abo)t s#teen1 at Readn& n En&land1 n *=?@1 8+ose case s
descrbed n The :entemanQs 2aga3ine for /a" *=B>. (ee also t+e case of
0]Y_V9 n C+a$ter I0.
,'+ A . Besdes t+e references &2en n ,+1 F to +"$notsed and +i,KHP-
so'na'b)lc s)bDects foreseen& and s)ccessf)ll" $rescrbn& for t+e
s"'$to's of t+er dseases1 see also t+e re'ar3able case of %nna 6nsor .
(3* A /1 and t+at of ElNabet+ (E)rrell1 referred to belo8 . ,', A /.
% case n 8+c+ s"'$to's of a 'ar3edl" +"stercal t"$e follo8ed
acc)ratel" t+e $redctons of t+e $atent1 endn& n +er co'$lete reco2er"1
8as &2en b" ,r. !. Cer2ello1 n +s Storia di un Caso dQ(sterisono con
Sogna3ione Spontanea (Paler'o1 *A?;)1 and s s)''arsed n t+e 1ourna
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;;;.
%not+er c)ro)s case of $re2son of t+e detals of an llnesse#ercsed
not n s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls'1 b)t n +"$noss8as &2en n ,r.
%l$+onse Teste5s 2anue &ratique du 2agn;tisme Anima (*A<*)1 and
recentl" re$rnted n t+e 7evue des ]tudes &sychiques, 7an)ar"1 4ebr)ar"1
and /arc+1 *@>*1 $. =<1 fro' 8+c+ I s)''arse t.
T+e s)bDect. /'e. /.1 8as a $atent of ,r. Teste5s1 8+o +ad often
$ro2ed clar2o"ant. On a certan 4rda"1 ben& alone 8t+ +er and +er
+)sband1 ,r. Teste +"$notsed +er and tred to fnd o)t +o8 far s+e co)ld
foretell t+e f)t)re. (+e $roceeded to tell t+e' 8+at 8o)ld +a$$en1 but ony
in reation to herse$. (+e sad t+at on t+e follo8n& T)esda"1 bet8een ; and
;.;>1 so'et+n&s+e co)ld not tell 8+at or 8+ere8o)ld fr&+ten +erG s+e
8o)ld +a2e a fall1 8+c+ 8o)ld ca)se a 'scarra&eG at ;.;> s+e 8o)ld fant
for e&+t 'n)tes1 and 8o)ld be 2er" ll for t+e rest of t+e da" and n&+t. On
6ednesda" t+ere 8o)ld be consderable +F'orr+a&eG on T+)rsda" s+e
8o)ld be ')c+ better1 and 8o)ld &et )$1 b)t at ?.;> P./. t+e +F'orr+a&e
8o)ld co'e on a&an and be follo8ed b" delr)'G s+e 8o)ld t+en +a2e a
&ood n&+t1 b)t 8o)ld lose +er reason on 4rda" e2enn&. T+s state 8o)ld
last for t+ree da"s1 after 8+c+ s+e 8o)ld reco2er. In ans8er to E)estons1
s+e declared t+at no $reca)tons co)ld $ossbl" a2ert t+e accdent. On
a8a3n& s+e &nored1 as )s)al1 e2er"t+n& t+at +ad +a$$ened n +er trance.
,r. Teste '$ressed on +er an#o)s +)sband t+e necesst" of 3ee$n& +er n
co'$lete &norance of t+e $redcton1 and +'self too3 caref)l notes of all
t+e detals of t1 8+c+ +e s+o8ed t+e ne#t da" to a 'edcal frend of +s1 ,r.
Lato)r.
On t+e T)esda" +e ca'e to /'e. /.5s +o)se1 and fo)nd +er l)nc+n&
8t+ +er +)sband1 a$$arentl" n t+e best of +ealt+ and s$rts. -e sad t+at +e
8s+ed to s$end t+e da" 8t+ t+e'. (oon after8ards +e +"$notsed +er for a
fe8 'n)tes1 8+en s+e re$eated +er $redcton e#actl"1 sa"n& as before t+at
s+e co)ld not tell 8+at 8o)ld fr&+ten +er1 nor 8+ere t 8o)ld be. On
8a3n& s+e a&an 3ne8 not+n& of t+e $redcton.
,r. Teste and +er +)sband deter'ned to ta3e all $ossble $reca)tons
a&anst t+e accdent1 and1 as t+e +o)r a$$roac+ed1 not to let +er o)t of t+er
s&+t for a 'o'ent. !e2ert+eless1 a fe8 'n)tes after ;.;> s+e 8ent o)t of
t+e roo'1 acco'$aned b" +er +)sband1 s)ddenl" sa8 a ratan an'al to
8+c+ s+e +ad an ntense ant$at+"G t+e s+oc3 of seen& t ca)sed +er to fall1
and t+e res)lts of t+e accdent follo8ed e#actl" as s+e +ad $redcted.
T+s caset+o)&+ a re'ar3able nstance of selfCs)&&estonob2o)sl"
affords no clear e2dence of an"t+n& f)rt+er1 snce /'e. /.5s +i,KHG-
$re2son related s'$l" to +er o8n actons. (+e co)ld not tell before+and
8+at 8o)ld be t+e ca)se of +er fr&+tG t+e ratf t 8as a real1 and not a
+all)cnator" onesee's to +a2e acted as a 'ere point de rep=re for t+e
s)&&eston to attac+ tself to. If t+ere +ad been no rat1 /'e. /.5s s)bl'nal
self 8o)ld $robabl" +a2e conD)red )$ so'e ot+er ca)se of fr&+t1 real or
'a&nar"1 and t+e effects 8o)ld +a2e follo8ed n d)e co)rse.
It 8ll be noted t+at 'an"1 f not all1 t+ese cases of selfCs)&&eston relate
to +"stercal s"'$to's1 8+c+ are $robabl" ca)sed1 as 8ell as c)red1 b" t+e
s)bl'nal self.
,', A . T+e follo8n& case of clar2o"ance d)rn& s$ontaneo)s
so'na'b)ls' 8as $)bls+ed b" ,r. ,)fa" n a $a$er n t+e 7evue
&hiosophique for 4ebr)ar" *AA@1 a translaton of 8+c+ a$$eared n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <*?K.=. T+e 8rter of t+e acco)nt 8as /.
Badare1 for'erl" drector of t+e ecole !or'ale at G)Uret1 t+e s)bDect1
T+Uo$+le 7anca)d1 +a2n& been one of +s $)$lCteac+ers. 7anca)d +ad
been s)bDect to freE)ent attac3s of so'na'b)ls' fro' abo)t t+e a&e of
e&+t to tenG after8ards t+e" ceased al'ost entrel" tll +e 8as nneteen. /.
Badare 8rtesJ
G:eRET1 9ebruary ?th, *AB>.
Y,)rn& t+e frst "ear t+at +e 8as at sc+ool 8e notced not+n& )n)s)al
n +'G b)t d)rn& t+e e#cess2e +eat n t+e 'ont+s of 7)ne and 7)l" *A?@
t+e condton of "o)n& 7anca)d co'$letel" c+an&ed1 and attac3s of
so'na'b)ls' occ)rred e2er" n&+t1 8t+ a freE)enc" 8+c+ soon &a2e
ca)se for an#et" as to +s +ealt+. In a fe8 8ee3s +e 8as so ')c+ altered as
to be +ardl" reco&nsable e2en to t+e 'e'bers of +s fa'l". -s e"es 8ere
s)n3en1 tred1 and +a&&ard1 and an e#tre'e t+nness too3 t+e $lace of rob)st
+ealt+.
E2er" e2enn& +e &ot )$1 8al3ed abo)t t+e dor'tor"1 descended to t+e
st)d" to 8or3 n t+e dar31 or 8andered abo)t t+e &ardens for +o)rs at a t'e1
after 8+c+ +e 8ent bac3 to bed.Y
One e2enn& abo)t ** o5cloc3 7anca)d1 +a2n& esca$ed fro' t+e
dor'tor" Ln s$te of all t+e $reca)tons ta3en to a2od t+e rs3s of +s
noct)rnal e#$edtonsM 3noc3ed at t+e door of '" bedroo'.
I +a2e D)st arr2ed fro' Vendb'e19 +e sad1 and +a2e co'e to &2e
"o) t+e ne8s of "o)r fa'l". /. and /'e. %rna)lt are 8ell1 and "o)r lttle
son +as fo)r teet+.9
%s "o) +a2e seen t+e' at Vendb'e1 co)ld "o) &o bac3 a&an and tell
'e 8+ere t+e" are at $resentW9
6atYI a' t+ereYT+e" are slee$n& n a roo' on t+e frst floorG t+er
bed s at t+e fart+er end of t+e roo'1 to t+e left. T+e n)rse5s bed s to t+e
r&+t1 and -enr"5s cradle close to t.9
T+e descr$ton of t+e roo' and t+e $oston of t+e beds 8ere $erfectl"
e#act1 and t+e follo8n& da" I rece2ed a letter fro' '" fat+erCnCla8 telln&
'e t+at '" c+ld +ad c)t +s fo)rt+ toot+.
% fe8 da"s later 7anca)d ca'e to 'e at abo)t t+e sa'e t'e1 telln& 'e
t+at +e +ad a&an co'e fro' Vendb'e1 and t+at an accdent +ad +a$$ened
to t+e c+ld d)rn& t+e da". /" 8fe1 ben& ')c+ startled1 an#o)sl"
nE)red 8+at t+e accdent 8as.
+i,KHH-
O+Z do not be fr&+tened1 /ada'e1 reass)re "o)rself1 t+ere 8ll be no
sero)s conseE)ences1 8+ate2er t+e doctor1 8+o s no8 8t+ t+e c+ld1 'a"
t+n3. If I +ad 3no8n t+at I s+o)ld +a2e ca)sed "o) so ')c+ alar'1 I s+o)ld
not +a2e s$o3en of t. It 8ll be not+n&.9
T+e ne#t 'ornn& I 8rote to '" fat+erCnCla8 to tell +' 8+at 7anca)d
+ad sad1 and be&&ed for ne8s of t+e c+ld b" ret)rn of $ost. T+e ans8er
8as t+at +e 8as $erfectl" 8ell1 and t+at no accdent +ad ta3en $lace.
B)t n t+e 'ont+ of (e$te'ber1 8+en I 8ent +o'e for t+e +olda"s1 I
learnt t+e 8+ole tr)t+1 8+c+ '" fat+erCnCla81 on t+e ad2ce of t+e doctor1
+ad +dden fro' 'e. -e told 'e t+at at t+e t'e 8+en 7anca)d ca'e to tell
'e t+at an accdent +ad +a$$ened1 t+e doctor dd not e#$ect t+e c+ld to l2e
t+ro)&+ t+e n&+t. ,)rn& t+e da" t+e n)rse1 +a2n& &ot +old of t+e 3e" of
t+e cellar1 +ad beco'e co'$letel" nto#cated1 and t+e c+ld +a2n& been
fed b" +er 8+en n t+s condton1 8as seNed 8t+ 2olent sc3ness1 8+c+
endan&ered +s lfe for se2eral da"s.
One n&+t 7anca)d s)ddenl" D)'$ed )$ n bed1 and t)rnn& to one of +s
co'$anons1 sad
(ee1 Ro)llet1 +o8 careless "o) are. I certanl" told "o) to s+)t t+e door
of t+e boo3bndn& 8or3s+o$1 b)t "o) dd not do t1 and a cat1 n eatn& t+e
$aste1 +as D)st 3noc3ed o2er t+e ds+1 8+c+ s bro3en nto f2e $eces.9
(o'e one 8ent do8n at once to t+e 8or3s+o$1 and t 8as fo)nd t+at
8+at t+e so'na'b)lst +ad sad 8as $erfectl" correct.
T+e follo8n& n&+t +e related +o8 +e sa8 on t+e GlUn" road t+e bod"
of a 'an1 8+o +ad been dro8ned 8+le bat+n& n t+e Cre)se1 and t+at +e
8as ben& bro)&+t to G)Uret n a carra&e. !e#t da" I 'ade nE)res1 and
+eard t+at an n+abtant of t+e to8n +ad reall" been dro8ned t+e $re2o)s
da" at GlUn"1 and t+at +s bod" +ad been bro)&+t to G)Uret d)rn& t+e n&+t.
B)t nobod" n t+e +o)se1 not e2en n t+e to8n1 +ad 3no8n of t+e accdent
t+e da" before.
*
/. ('onet1 t+e assstant 'aster1 and 7anca)d5s brot+erCnCla81 once
cons)lted +'1 8+en n t+e so'na'b)lc state1 abo)t +s c+ld1 8+o +ad
been s)ffern& for so'e 'ont+s fro' a c"st be+nd t+e ear1 8+c+ t+e
doctors feared '&+t res)lt n deca" of t+e bone. 7anca)d $rono)nced t+er
fears &ro)ndless1 and reco''ended t+e )se of a certan +erb1 8+c+ &re8 n
t+e &arden1 and 8+c+ +e )ndertoo3 to &at+er for t+e'.
.
B)t t+e so'na'b)lst1 8al3n& barefoot1 accdentall" ste$$ed )$on a
t+orn1 and t+e s+oc3 8o3e +' before t+e $lant 8as sec)red.
;
T+e c+ld reco2ered soon after1 as 7anca)d +ad sad t 8o)ld.Y
-s +ealt+ no8 &2n& ca)se for alar'1 +e 8as sent +o'e for c+an&e and
e#ercse1 and 8+le a8a" s)ffered 2er" fe8 attac3s1 and t+ese onl" d)rn&
t+e frst fe8 da"s. One 8+c+ too3 $lace t8o da"s after Donn& +s fa'l"
deser2es so'e notce. -e rose )$ d)rn& t+e n&+t 8t+ t+e f#ed
deter'naton of &on& fs+n&. /. ('onet decded to acco'$an" +'1 and
before startn& s)cceeded n nd)cn& +' to alter t+e nat)re of +s
e#c)rson1 and &o and 2st a relat2e +i,KHI- resdn& so'e dstance off.
T+s 8as done1 7anca)d ben& )ndst)rbed fro' +s slee$n& condton
et+er b" t+e nose of bar3n& do&s or b" t+e fat&)es of t+e 8al3. %t last +e
decded )$on &on& +o'e1 and on t+e 8a"1 +a2n& co'e to a narro8 and
dan&ero)s $at+ b" t+e r2er1 +s brot+erCnCla8 be&&ed +' to be caref)l as
to 8+ere +e $)t +s foot. 7anca)d1 +o8e2er1 ass)red +' t+at +e co)ld see
t+e better of t+e t8o1 and as a $roof as3ed +s co'$anon 8+et+er +e sa8
t+e 'atc+ 8+c+ 8as )nder +s left foot. /. ('onet at once felt )nder +s
foot1 and s)re eno)&+ fo)nd a 'atc+ t+ere. !ot onl" 8as t 2er" dar31 b)t
7anca)d 8t+ +s n&+tCca$ dra8n o2er +s face 8as so'e t+rt" $aces
a+ead.
!ote8ort+"1 too1 8ere t+e 'eans 8+c+ +e )sed to ta3e to free +'self
fro' +s c+an at n&+t. Once 8t+ a $en3nfe +e c)t off a s'all $orton of a
8ndo8Csas+ close at +and1 and fro' t 'odelled a 3e"1 8t+ 8+c+ +e
easl" )ndd +s $adloc3.
L/. Badare concl)desJM
It 'a" not be )seless to 'a3e an obser2aton of $ossble nterest fro' a
scentfc $ont of 2e81 8+c+ s1 t+at d)rn& an attac3 of so'na'b)ls'
7anca)d s $erfectl" consco)s of t+e state n 8+c+ +e fnds +'self.
Indeed1 +e s &enerall" 2er" 8ell $leased at +s condton1 and f atte'$ts are
'ade to a8a3en +'1 be&s t+at t 'a" not be done1 as +e s so ')c+ +a$$er
t+an n +s 8a3n& state. !e2ert+eless1 after eac+ attac3 +e s)ffers &reatl"
fro' fat&)e1 and +s a$$earance s notceabl" altered. O)&+t t+s fat&)e to
be attrb)ted to t+e e#traordnar" act2t" of +s fac)ltes d)rn&
so'na'b)ls'1 or 'a" t be t+e res)lt of t+e s+oc3 8+c+ +e s)stans n
$assn& fro' one state to anot+erW
Once a8a3e1 7anca)d +as not t+e least recollecton of 8+at +as ta3en
$lace n +s so'na'b)lc state. B)t n eac+ attac3 +e re'e'bers $erfectl"
all t+at +as been sad and done n t+e $recedn& ones.
In +s nat)ral state 7anca)d +as an )ncertan 'e'or"1 and retans 8+at
+e learns 8t+ dffc)lt"G b)t on se2eral occasons 8+en +e +as been
st)d"n& +s +stor" lessons n bed t+e assstant 'aster +as ta3en t+e boo3
fro' +s +and1 and t+e so'na'b)lst +as t+en re$eated t+e f2e or s# $a&es
8+c+ +e +ad D)st read 8t+o)t o'ttn& a s"llable. %8a3ened ''edatel"
after1 +e +ad no recollecton of 8+at +e +ad D)st read and re$eated.
B%,%IRE.
LBefore for8ardn& +s re$ort1 /. Badare +ad called to&et+er t+e
teac+ers and $)$ls of t+e ecole !or'ale and +ad read t alo)d to t+e'1
as3n& t+e' f t+e" +ad an" obser2atons to 'a3e. %ll declared t to be
scr)$)lo)sl" acc)rate.M
,r. PUtUtn1 n +s 8ectricit; Animae (Pars1 *A>A)1 descrbes a
catale$tc $atent of +s1 8t+ re'ar3able $o8ers of t+o)&+tCtransference.
-s acco)nt ($$. ??K?=1 and B.KB?) of so'e e#$er'ents n 8+c+ t+s lad"
8as able to s$ecf" obDects +eld n +s +and1 or nsde +s coat1 or n t+e
$oc3ets of t+e b"standers1 &c.1 s E)oted n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. .
$. ;<?.
(erDeant Co#1 n +s /ec+ans' of /an19 2ol. . $$. *=?K== (E)oted n
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;<=)1 &2es an acco)nt of s'lar
e#$er'ents $erfor'ed b" +' 8t+ +s sster 8+en s+e 8as n a se'C
consco)s1 tranceCl3e state1 8+c+ )sed to s)cceed t+e catale$tc fts fro'
8+c+ s+e s)ffered.
In t+e case of ElNabet+ (E)rrell t+ere 8as so'e ndcatons of
clar2o"ance +i,KHJ- (see The Autobiography o$ 8i3abeth Squirre o$
Shottisham and Seections $rom her DritingsV together #ith an e0amination
and de$ence o$ her statements reative to her su$$erings, bindness, dea$ness,
entire abstention $rom $ood and drinB during t#enty,$ive #eeBs, and other
e0traordinary phenomenaV aso $acts and opinions iustrative and
suggestive. B" one of +er 6atc+ers. London1 *A?;).
In t+e case of 7ane Rder (see An Account o$ 1ane C. 7ider, the
Spring$ied Somnambuist. B" L. 6. Belden1 /.,.1 ($rn&feld1 /ass.1
*A;<)1 t+e $+eno'ena1 8+c+ see' to +a2e been caref)ll" obser2ed and
recorded1 do not &o clearl" be"ond +"$erFst+esa. -er freE)ent attac3s of
s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls' 8ere acco'$aned b" an e#traordnar" ncrease
n +er $o8er of 2son1 so t+at s+e co)ld carr" on do'estc 8or31 coo3n&1
needle8or31 &c.1 ra$dl" and easl" n a E)te dar3 roo'1 and co)ld read
fl)entl"1 as 8ell as 8rte1 8t+ t+c3 banda&es o2er +er e"es and on bot+
sdes of +er nose. B)t s+e co)ld onl" read 8ords 8t+n 8+at 8o)ld +a2e
been +er feld of 2son +ad +er e"es been o$ened and )nbanda&edJ and s+e
co)ld not read t+ro)&+ an o$aE)e obstacle1 s)c+ as bro8n $a$er. ,r. Belden
concl)des fro' t+ese facts t+at s+e act)all" sa8 t+ro)&+ t+e banda&es1 and
$)ts do8n +er s$ecal $o8er of 2son to an ncreased sensblt" of t+e
retna1 co'bned 8t+ a +&+ de&ree of e#cte'ent n t+e bran tself1
enabln& t+e 'nd to $erce2e e2en a conf)sed 'a&e of t+e obDect9 -e
&2es n an %$$end# t+e case of Cas$ar -a)ser1 of !)re'b)r& (date abo)t
*A.A)1 as recorded b" Professor ,a)'er1 n 8+o' not onl" s&+t1 b)t all t+e
senses1 8ere +e&+tened to an al'ost ncredble de&ree. (C$. ,39 A .)
,') A . T+e s)bDect of t+ese e#$er'ents n tele$at+c +"$notsaton 8as
Professor Perre 7anet5s 8ellC3no8n s)bDect1 /ada'e B. (LUone9see
(30 A , &c.) and t+e frst e#$er'ents 8ere carred o)t 8t+ +er at -a2re1 b"
Professor 7anet and ,r. Gbert1 a leadn& $+"scan t+ere1 and descrbed n
t+e )uetins de a Soci;t; de &sychoogie &hysioogique, To'e I.1 $. .<1
and n t+e 7evue &hiosophique, %)&)st *AAB.
*
I s)''arse t+ose relatn&
to +"$notsaton at a dstance.
<ctober ;1 *AA?./. Gbert tres to $)t +er to slee$ fro' dstance of
+alf a 'leG /. 7anet fnds +er a8a3eG $)ts +er to slee$G s+e sa"s1 I 3no8
2er" 8ell t+at /. Gbert tred to $)t 'e to slee$1 b)t 8+en I felt +' I
loo3ed for so'e 8ater1 and $)t '" +ands n cold 8ater. I don5t 8ant $eo$le
to $)t 'e to slee$ n t+at 8a"G t $)ts 'e o)t1 and 'a3es 'e loo3 sll".9 (+e
+ad1 n fact1 +eld +er +ands n 8ater at t+e t'e 8+en /. Gbert 8lled +er
to slee$.
<ctober @./. Gbert s)cceeds n a s'lar atte'$tG s+e sa"s n trance1
6+" does /. Gbert $)t 'e to slee$ fro' +s +o)seW I +ad not t'e to $)t
'" +ands n '" basn.9 T+at t+e slee$ 8as of /. Gbert5s nd)cton 8as
s+o8n b" /. 7anet5s nablt" to 8a3e +er. /. Gbert +ad to be sent for.
It s obser2able1 +o8e2er1 t+at //. 7anet and Gbert can no# (%$rl
*AAB) o$erate nterc+an&eabl" on t+e s)bDectG +er fa'lart" 8t+ bot+
see's to enable et+er to 8a3e +er fro' a trance 8+c+ t+e ot+er +as
nd)ced.
+i,KHK-
<ctober *<.,r. Gbert a&an s)cceeded n nd)cn& t+e trance1 fro' a
dstance of t8oCt+rds of a 'le1 at an +o)r s)&&ested b" a t+rd $erson1 and
not 3no8n to /. 7anet1 8+o 8atc+ed t+e $atent.
In 4ebr)ar" and n %$rl1 *AAB1 /ada'e B. 8as a&an bro)&+t to -a2re1
and so'e s)ccessf)l e#$er'ents (tab)lated belo8) 8ere 'ade before '"
arr2al on %$rl .>t+.
I &2e ne#t e#tracts fro' '" o8n notes of e#$er'ents1 %$rl .>t+ to
.<t+1 *AAB1 ta3en at t+e t'e n conD)ncton 8t+ ,r. %. T. /"ers1 and
for'n& t+e b)l3 of a $a$er $resented to t+e (ocUtU de Ps"c+olo&e
P+"solo&E)e on /a" .<t+ (also $)bls+ed n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$$. *;*K;=).
,r. %. T. /"ers 8as $resent at t+e e#$er'ents t+ro)&+o)t. Ot+er
obser2ers 8ere ,r. Gbert1 Professor Pa)l 7anet1 Professor Perre 7anet1 ,r.
7)les 7anet1 ,r. Oc+oro8cN1 and /. /arller.
In order t+at t+e $+eno'enon of sommei > distance 'a" be satsfactor"1
8e +a2e to &)ard a&anst t+ree $ossble so)rces of error1 na'el"1 fra)d1
accdental concdence1 and s)&&eston b" 8ord or &est)re.
T+e +"$ot+ess of $raud on t+e $art of o$erators or s)bDect 'a" +ere be
set asde. T+e o$erators 8ere ,r. Gbert and Professor Perre 7anet1 and t+e
detaled obser2atons of Professor Perre 7anet1 else8+ere $)bls+ed1
s)ffcentl" $ro2e t+e &en)neness of /ada'e B.5s so'na'b)lc slee$.
T+e +"$ot+ess of accidenta coincidence 8o)ld be tenable1 t+o)&+ not
$robable1 dd t+e e2ents of %$rl .>t+ to .<t+ constt)te t+e 8+ole of t+e
obser2ed seres. B)t t+e n)'ber of concdences notced b" ,r. Gbert1
Professor 7anet1 and ot+ers +as been so lar&e t+at t+e acton of 'ere c+ance
see's to be E)te e#cl)ded. It s to be obser2ed t+at1 as Professor 7anet tells
)s1 t+e s)bDect +as1 d)rn& an obser2aton of se2eral 8ee3s ('antaned b"
/lle. Gbert 8+en Professor 7anet s not $resent)1 onl" t8ce fallen
spontaneousy nto t+s so'na'b)lc slee$1 8+en no one 8lled +er to do
soG once before o)r arr2al1 on loo3n& at a $ct)re of ,r. Gbert1 and once
on %$rl .*st1 as narrated belo8. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e obser2ed cases of
slee$ delberatel" nd)ced fro' a dstance a'o)nt1 I bele2e1 to at least a
doNen.
*
I e#cl)de1 of co)rse1 t+e 2er" n)'ero)s occasons 8+en slee$ +as
been nd)ced b" an o$erator $resent 8t+ t+e $atent1 b" +oldn& +er
t+)'bs1 loo3n& at +er1 &c. T+s1 +o8e2er1 brn&s )s to t+e t+rd so)rce of
do)bt1 8+et+er t+e slee$ 'a" not on a occasons +a2e been nd)ced b"
so'e suggestion, &2en $er+a$s )nconsco)sl"1 b" 8ord or &est)re. It 8as
t+)s t+at I 8as at frst nclned to e#$lan Cases I. and II. a'on& t+ose t+at
follo81 b)t t+e ot+er cases +ere &2en see' to ne&at2e t+e s)$$oston.Y
I. I $ass on to descrbe t+e frst case of sommei > distance, %$rl .*st.
%t ?.?> P./. (an +o)r 8+c+ 8as selected b" dra8n& lots a'on& 2aro)s
s)&&ested +o)rs) ,r. Gbert retred to +s st)d" and endea2o)red to send
/ada'e B. to slee$ n t+e Pa2lon1 at a dstance of abo)t t8oCt+rds of a
'le. (+e 8as to fall aslee$ n t+e saon/ 8+ereas s+e +abt)all" sts n t+e
Bitchen of t+e Pa2lon (a +o)se occ)$ed b" ,r. Gbert5s sster).
It 8as s)$$osed t+at t+e co''and 8o)ld ta3e abo)t ten 'n)tes to
o$erate1 and at abo)t s# Professor 7anet1 ,r. Oc+oro8cN1 /. /arller1 '"
brot+er1 and +i,KHL- '"self entered t+e Pa2lon1 b)t fo)nd t+at /ada'e B.
8as not n t+e saon, b)t n t+e 3tc+en. 6e ''edatel" 8ent o)t a&an1
s)$$osn& t+at t+e e#$er'ent +ad faled. % fe8 'n)tes later Professor
7anet reCentered 8t+ /. Oc+oro8cN1 and fo)nd +er aslee$ n t+e saon. In
t+e so'na'b)lc state s+e told )s t+at s+e +ad been n t+e saon, and nearl"
aslee$ 8+en o)r arr2al startled +er1 and +ad t+en r)s+ed do8n to t+e
3tc+en to a2od )sG +ad ret)rned to t+e saon and fallen aslee$ as soon as
8e left t+e +o)se. T+ese 'o2e'ents 8ere attested b" t+e bonne, b)t t of
co)rse see'ed $robable t+at t 8as 'erel" o)r arr2al 8+c+ +ad s)&&ested
to +er t+at s+e 8as e#$ected to fall aslee$.
On t+s da" s+e 8as ll and e#+a)sted fro' too $rolon&ed e#$er'ents
on t+e $re2o)s da"s. In t+e afternoon s+e fell aslee$ of +er o8n accord1 and
n t+e late e2enn& (**.;? P./.)1 8+en s+e +ad lon& been n bed1 /. Gbert
8lled t+at +er nat)ral slee$ s+o)ld be transferred nto so'na'b)lc1 and
t+at s+e s+o)ld dress and &o nto t+e &arden of t+e Pa2lon. !ot+n&
follo8ed on t+s atte'$t1 )nless an )n)s)all" $rolon&ed slee$ and
co'$lants of )n8onted +eadac+e ne#t da" 8ere to be n an" 8a" connected
+ere8t+. On t+e 8+ole1 +ad I left after t+ese e#$er'ents onl"1 I s+o)ld
+a2e referred t+e $+eno'ena to s)&&eston of t+e ordnar" +"$notc 3nd.
II. On t+e 'ornn& of t+e ..nd1 +o8e2er1 8e a&an selected b" lot an
+o)r (** %./.) at 8+c+ /. Gbert s+o)ld 8ll1 fro' +s ds$ensar"1 8+c+ s
close to +s +o)se1 t+at /ada'e B. s+o)ld &o to slee$ n t+e Pa2lon. It 8as
a&reed t+at a rat+er lon&er t'e s+o)ld be allo8ed for t+e $rocess to ta3e
effect1 as t +ad been obser2ed (see /. 7anet5s $re2o)s co'')ncaton) t+at
s+e so'et'es str)&&led a&anst t+e nfl)ence1 and a2erted t+e effect for a
t'e b" $)ttn& +er +ands n cold 8ater1 &c. %t **..? 8e entered t+e
Pa2lon E)etl"1 and al'ost at once s+e descended fro' +er roo' to t+e
saon, $rofo)ndl" aslee$. -ere1 +o8e2er1 s)&&eston '&+t a&an +a2e been
at 8or3. 6e dd not1 of co)rse1 'enton /. Gbert5s atte'$t of t+e $re2o)s
n&+t. B)t s+e told )s n +er slee$ t+at s+e +ad been 2er" ll n t+e n&+t1 and
re$eatedl" e#cla'ed1 Po)rE)o /. Gbert '5aCtCl fat so)ffrrW /as D5a
la2U les 'ans contn)elle'ent.9 T+s s 8+at s+e does 8+en s+e 8s+es to
a2od ben& nfl)enced.
III. In t+e e2enn& (..nd) 8e all dned at /. Gbert5s1 and n t+e e2enn&
/. Gbert 'ade anot+er atte'$t to $)t +er to slee$ at a dstance fro' +s
+o)se n t+e R)e (Ur"s+e ben& at t+e Pa2llon1 R)e de la 4er'eand to
brn& +er to +s +o)se b" an effort of 8ll.
*
%t A.?? +e retred to +s st)d"1
and //. Oc+oro8cN1 /arller1 7anet1 and %. T. /"ers 8ent to t+e
Pa2lon1 and 8ated o)tsde n t+e street1 o)t of s&+t of t+e +o)se. %t @...
,r. /"ers obser2ed /ada'e B. co'n& +alfC8a" o)t of t+e &ardenC&ate1
and a&an retreatn&. T+ose 8+o sa8 +er 'ore closel" obser2ed t+at s+e 8as
$lanl" n t+e so'na'b)lc state1 and 8as 8andern& abo)t and ')ttern&.
%t @..? s+e ca'e o)t (8t+ e"es $ersstentl" closed1 so far as co)ld be seen)1
8al3ed E)c3l" $ast //. 7anet and /arller1 8t+o)t notcn& t+e'1 and
'ade for /. Gbert5s +o)se1 t+o)&+ not b" t+e )s)al or s+ortest ro)te. (It
a$$eared after8ards t+at t+e bonne +ad seen +er &o nto t+e saon at A.<?1
and ss)e t+ence aslee$ at @.*?G +ad not loo3ed n bet8een t+ose t'es.
.
)
(+e a2oded la'$C$osts1 +i,KHM- 2e+cles1 &c.1 b)t crossed and recrossed
t+e street re$eatedl". !o one 8ent n front of +er or s$o3e to +er. %fter e&+t
or ten 'n)tes s+e &re8 ')c+ 'ore )ncertan n &at1 and $a)sed as t+o)&+
s+e 8o)ld fall. ,r. /"ers noted t+e 'o'ent n t+e R)e 4a)reG t 8as @.;?.
%t abo)t @.<> s+e &re8 bolder1 and at @.<? reac+ed t+e street n front of /.
Gbert5s +o)se. T+ere s+e 'et +'1 b)t dd not notce +'1 and 8al3ed nto
+s +o)se1 8+ere s+e r)s+ed +)rredl" fro' roo' to roo' on t+e &ro)ndC
floor. /. Gbert +ad to ta3e +er +and before s+e reco&nsed +'. (+e t+en
&re8 cal'.
/. Gbert sad t+at fro' A.?? to @..> +e t+o)&+t ntentl" abo)t +er1 fro'
@..> to @.;? +e t+o)&+t 'ore feebl"G at @.;? +e &a2e t+e e#$er'ent )$1 and
be&an to $la" bllardsG b)t n a fe8 'n)tes be&an to 8ll +er a&an. It
a$$eared t+at +s 2st to t+e bllardCroo' +ad concded 8t+ +er +estaton
and st)'bln& n t+e street. B)t t+s concdence 'a" of co)rse +a2e been
accdental.Y
IV. L%cco)nt of a deferred 'ental s)&&eston1 o'tted +ere.M
V. On L%$rl .;rdM /. 7anet l)nc+ed n o)r co'$an"1 and retred to +s
o8n +o)se at <.;> (a t'e c+osen b" lot) to tr" to $)t +er to slee$ fro'
t+ence. %t ?.? 8e all entered t+e saon of t+e Pa2lon1 and fo)nd +er aslee$
8t+ s+)t e"es1 b)t se8n& 2&oro)sl"1 ben& n t+at sta&e n 8+c+
'o2e'ents once s)&&ested are a)to'atcall" contn)ed. Passn& nto t+e
tal3at2e state1 s+e sad to /. 7anet1 C5est 2o)s E) '5a2eN fat dor'r a
E)atre +e)res et de'.9 T+e '$resson as to t+e +o)r 'a" +a2e been a
s)&&eston rece2ed fro' /. 7anet5s 'nd. 6e tred to 'a3e +er bele2e t+at
t 8as /. Gbert 8+o +ad sent +er to slee$1 b)t s+e 'antaned t+at s+e +ad
felt t+at t 8as /. 7anet.
*
VI. On %$rl .<t+ t+e 8+ole $art" c+anced to 'eet at /. 7anet5s +o)se
at ; P./.1 and +e t+en1 at '" s)&&eston1 entered +s st)d" to 8ll t+at
/ada'e B. s+o)ld slee$. 6e 8ated n +s &arden1 and at ;..> $roceeded
to&et+er to t+e Pa2lon1 8+c+ I entered frst at ;.;>1 and fo)nd /ada'e B.
$rofo)ndl" slee$n& o2er +er se8n&1 +a2n& ceased to se8. Beco'n&
tal3at2e1 s+e sad to /. 7anet1 C5est 2o)s E) '5a2eN co''andUe.9 (+e
sad t+at s+e fell aslee$ at ;.? P./.
.
Professor 7anet5s $a$er n t+e 7evue &hiosophique for %)&)st *AAB
enables 'e to &2e a cons$ect)s of t+e e#$er'ents on sommei > distance
'ade 8t+ /ada'e B. )$ to t+e end of /a" (see ne#t $a&e). T+e dstance
8as n eac+ case bet8eens 'le and * 'le.
6e +a2e t+)s nneteen concdences and s# fal)res
;
t+e fal)res all
'ore or less e#$lcable b" s$ecal crc)'stances. ,)rn& /ada'e B.5s 2sts
to -a2re1 abo)t t8o 'ont+s n all1 s+e once fell nto ordnar" slee$ d)rn&
t+e da"1 and t8ce1 as alread" 'entoned1 beca'e s$ontaneo)sl" entranced1
one of t+ese t'es ben& on %$rl .*st1 a da" of llness and fal)re. (+e
ne2er left t+e +o)se n t+e e2enn& e#ce$t on t+e t+ree occasons on 8+c+
s+e 8as 8lled to do so (e#$er'ents *<1 *=1 .*). Trals of t+s 3nd +ad to
be 'ade after dar31 for fear +er as$ect s+o)ld attract notce. T+e +o)rs of t+e
ot+er e#$er'ents 8ere &enerall" c+osen at t+e 'o'ent1 to s)t t+e
o$erators5 con2enenceG so'et'es1 as I +a2e sad abo2e1 t+e" 8ere c+osen
b" lot.
+i,KHN-
!o. of
E#$er'
ents. ,ate.
O$er
ator.
-o)r
8+en
G2en Re'ar3s.
()cc
ess or
4al)
re.
*AA?
*
Oct.
;
Gber
t
**.;>
%./.
(+e 8as+es +ands and 8ards off
trance

.
[
@
do.
**.<>
%./.
4o)nd entranced **.<? *
;
[
*<
do.
<.*?
P./.
4o)nd entranced <.;>J +ad been
aslee$ abo)t *? 'n)tes
*
*AAB
<
4eb.
..
7anet
(+e 8as+es +ands and 8ards off
trance
LM
?
[
.?
do. ? P./. %slee$ at once *
B
[
.B
do.
/ere dsco'fort obser2ed
>
=
/arc
+ *
do.
do. do.
>
A
[
.
do. ; P./.
4o)nd aslee$ at <J +as sle$t abo)t
an +o)r
*
@
[
<
do.
6ll nterr)$tedJ trance concdent1
b)t nco'$lete.
*
*> [ do. ?K 4o)nd aslee$ a fe8 'n)tes *
?
?.*>
P./.
after8ards
**
[
B
Gber
t
A P./. 4o)nd aslee$ A.; *
*.
[
*>
do.
()ccessno detals
*
*;
[
*<
7anet ; P./. ()ccessno detals *
*<
[
*B
Gber
t
@ P./.
Brn&s +er to +s +o)seJ s+e lea2es
+er +o)se a fe8 'n)tes after @
*
*?
%$rl
*A
7anet
4o)nd aslee$ n *> 'n)tes
*
*B
[
*@
Gber
t
< P./. 4o)nd aslee$ <.*? *
*=
[
.>
do. A P./. /ade to co'e to +s +o)se *
*A
[
.*
do.
?.?>
P./.
/" case I.J trance too tard" >
*@
[
.*
do.
**.;?
P./.
%tte'$t at trance d)rn& slee$J see
'" case I
>
.>
[
..
do.
**
%./.
%slee$ **..?J trance too tard"J '"
case II.J co)nt as fal)re.
>
.*
[
..
do. @ P./.
Co'es to +s +o)seJ lea2es +er
+o)se @.*?J '" case III
*
..
[
.;
7anet
<.;>
P./.
4o)nd aslee$ ?.?1 sa"s s+e +as sle$t
snce <.;>J '" case V
*
.;
[
.<
do. ; P./.
4o)nd aslee$ ;.;>1 sa"s s+e +as
sle$t snce ;.?J '" case VI
*
.<
/a"
?
do.
()ccessno detals
*
.? [ do. ()ccessno detals *
B
*@
4)rt+er e#$er'ents 8t+ t+e sa'e s)bDect 8ere 'ade b" Professor 7anet
n t+e a)t)'n of *AAB. T+e res)lts1 co'')ncated to Professor Rc+et1 8ere
$)bls+ed b" +' n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <;K<? (also n t+e
7evue de Q'ypnotisme for 4ebr)ar" *AAA1 8+c+ also contans an acco)nt
of so'e less s)ccessf)l e#$er'ents b" Professor Rc+et +'self). T+rt"C
f2e e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade1 of 8+c+ s#teen 8ere s)ccessf)l1 /ada'e B.
ben& fo)nd aslee$ at nter2als 2ar"n& fro' f2e +i,KHO- 'n)tes to an +o)r
after t+e atte'$t 8as 'adeG n t8o cases t+e res)lt 8as do)btf)l1 and t+e
ot+er se2enteen atte'$ts faled alto&et+er.
,') B . 6t+ re&ard to t+e cases ne#t to be E)oted1 t ')st be obser2ed
t+at 8+en t+e o$erator s 8t+n s&+t or +earn& of t+e s)bDect1 et+er t+e
$rod)cton of +"$noss b" 'ental s)&&eston alone1 or ts $re2enton b"
slent 8lln&9 8+le ostensbl" tr"n& to $rod)ce t1 s nconcl)s2e as
e2dence of tele$at+". T+e s)bDect1 +a2n& been $re2o)sl" +"$notsed b"
t+e o$erator1 ')st be ass)'ed to be fa'lars)bl'nall" at least8t+
+s $artc)lar +abts of )nconsco)s $+"scal e#$resson n connecton 8t+
+"$notsaton1 so t+at t+e sl&+t )nconsco)s ndcatons of +s ntentons
t+at 8o)ld $er+a$s esca$e t+e notce of t+e ordnar" b"standers '&+t 2er"
l3el" be $erce2ed b" t+e s)bDect.
T+e sa'e obDecton cannot1 of co)rse1 a$$l" to t+e nstances of
+"$notsaton at a dstance b" t+e sa'e e#$er'enters1 8+c+1 f not
$rod)ced tele$at+call" or occ)rrn& accdentall"1 can onl" be attrb)ted to
selfCs)&&eston.
T+e follo8n& acco)nt s fro' ,r. 7. -Urco)rt1 8+o 8as one of
Professor Rc+et5s ablest assstants n t+e edtn& of t+e 7evue Scienti$ique.
T+e obser2atons 8ere 'ade and recorded n *A=A1 and contrb)ted to t+e
Soci;t; de &sychoogie &hysioogique, !o2e'ber ;>t+1 *AA? ()uetins,
To'e I. $. ;?). ,r. -Urco)rt5s acco)nt1 as 8ell as ,r. Gle"5s1 to be ne#t
E)oted1 8ere $)bls+ed n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $$. BA;1 BA?. In
bot+ cases I &2e a sl&+tl" abbre2ated En&ls+ translaton1 ta3en fro'
Ed')nd G)rne"5s $a$er on -"$nots' and Tele$at+"9 n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ...1 ..;.
T+e s)bDect9/ada'e ,.8as a "o)n& 8do81 n 8+o' no trace of
+"stera co)ld be dsco2ered. /. -Urco)rt fo)nd +er e#ceedn&l" eas" to
+"$notse1 and after abo)t a fortn&+t co)ld entrance +er b" +s 8ll alone1
e#ercsed 8t+o)t an" 8ord or &est)re1 and so'et'es 8+le /ada'e ,.
8as n t+e 'dst of an an'ated con2ersaton 8t+ ot+er $ersons. On t+e
ot+er +and1 +e fo)nd t+at all t+e ordnar" $+"scal $rocesses re'aned
co'$letel" neffect)al f +s 8ll 8as not t+at t+e trance s+o)ld ens)e. -e
soon be&an to e#tend t+e dstance bet8een +'self and +s s)bDect19 and
nstead of $rod)cn& t+e effect fro' one corner of a roo' to anot+er1 +e
co)ld $rod)ce t fro' one +o)se or one street to anot+er. T+e frst tral fro'
a dstant street 8as s$ecall" nterestn&. 6+le concentratn& +s t+o)&+ts
on t+e desred effect1 at ; P./.1 ,r. -Urco)rt 8as s)''oned to see so'e
$atents1 and for a t'e for&ot all abo)t /ada'e ,. -e t+en re'e'bered
t+at +e 8as en&a&ed to 'eet +er on t+e $ro'enade at <.;>1 b)t not fndn&
+er1 +e bet+o)&+t +' t+at $ossbl" +s e#$er'ent +ad s)cceeded1 and
to8ards f2e o5cloc3 +e 2&oro)sl" 8lled t+at s+e s+o)ld 8a3e. In t+e
e2enn& /ada'e ,.1 s$ontaneo)sl"1 and 8t+o)t +s +a2n& 'ade t+e
sl&+test all)son to +er absence fro' t+e $ro'enade1 nfor'ed +' t+at
abo)t t+ree o5cloc3 s+e +ad been s)ddenl" seNed b" an rresstble
nclnaton to &o to slee$1 t+o)&+ s+e ne2er sle$t n t+e da"t'e. It 8as all
s+e co)ld do to 8al3 nto anot+er roo'1 8+ere s+e fell on a sofa1 and 8as
after8ards fo)nd b" a ser2ant cold and 'otonless1 comme morte. T+e
ser2ant s+oo3 /ada'e ,. 2&oro)sl"1 b)t co)ld not 'a3e +i,KIP- +er do
'ore t+an o$en +er e"es. %ll t+at /ada'e ,. re'e'bered e#$erencn& at
t+s t'e 8as a 2olent +eadac+e1 8+c+ dsa$$eared to8ards f2e o5cloc31
t+e +o)r 8+en /. -Urco)rt 8lled t+e )ndon& of +s 8or3.
T+s e#$er'ent 8as t+e frst of a seres1 d)rn& 8+c+ a n)'ber of
$ersons +ad t+e o$$ort)nt" of arran&n& t+e condtons and testn& t+e
res)lts. T+e +"$ot+ess of e#$ectant attenton 8as do)bl" e#cl)dedG for f
/. -Urco)rt &a2e /ada'e ,. notce of +s ntenton to entrance +er1 b)t
act)all" 8lled t+at s+e s+o)ld re'an a8a3e1 s+e retaned +er nor'al
condton1 and 'a&ned t+at +e +ad faled.
,') C . T+e ne#t case1 contrb)ted b" ,r. E. Gle"1 of ;= R)e Cla)de
Bernard1 Pars1 s a record of so'e obser2atons of +s frend1 ,r. ,)sart1
$)bls+ed n t+e Tribune 2;dicae, n /a" *A=?.
T+e s)bDect9 8as a +"stercal &rl of fo)rteen1 8+o' ,r. ,)sart fo)nd
2er" s)sce$tble to +"$nots'. -e earl" re'ar3ed t+at +s $asses 8ere
neffect2e f +s attenton 8as not stron&l" drected to t+e desred res)ltG
and t+s s)&&ested to +' to tr" t+e effect of $)rel" 'ental s)&&eston. One
da"1 before t+e )s)al +o)r for 8a3n& t+e $atent +ad arr2ed1 +e &a2e +er
t+e 'ental co''and to a8a3e. T+e effect 8as nstantaneo)sJ t+e $atent
8o3e1 and a&an1 n accordance 8t+ +s 8ll1 be&an +er +"stercal
screa'n&. -e too3 a seat 8t+ +s bac3 to +er1 and con2ersed 8t+ ot+er
$ersons1 8t+o)t a$$earn& to $a" an" attenton to +erG b)t on +s slentl"
&2n& +er t+e 'ental s)&&eston to fall a&an nto t+e trance1 +s 8ll 8as
a&an obe"ed. /ore t+an one +)ndred e#$er'ents of t+e sort 8ere 'ade
)nder 2aro)s condtons1 and 8t+ )nfor' s)ccess. On one occason ,r.
,)sart left 8t+o)t &2n& +s )s)al order to t+e $atent to slee$ tll a
$artc)lar +o)r ne#t 'ornn&. Re'e'bern& t+e o'sson1 +e &a2e t+e order
'entall"1 8+en at a dstance of =>> 'etres fro' t+e +o)se. On arr2n& ne#t
'ornn& at =.;> +e fo)nd t+e $atent aslee$1 and as3ed +er t+e reason. (+e
re$led t+at s+e 8as obe"n& +s order. -e sadJ Yo) are 8ron&G I left
8t+o)t &2n& "o) an" order.9 Tr)e19 s+e sad1 b)t f2e 'n)tes
after8ards I clearl" +eard "o) tell 'e to slee$ tll e&+t o5cloc3.9 ,r. ,)sart
t+en told t+e $atent to slee$ tll s+e rece2ed t+e co''and to 8a3e1 and
drected +er $arents to 'ar3 t+e e#act +o)r of +er 8a3n&. %t . P./. +e &a2e
t+e order 'entall"1 at a dstance of se2en 3lo'etres1 and fo)nd t+at t +ad
been $)nct)all" obe"ed. T+s e#$er'ent 8as s)ccessf)ll" re$eated se2eral
t'es1 at dfferent +o)rs.
%fter a t'e ,r. ,)sart dscontn)ed +s 2sts1 and t+e &rl5s fat+er )sed
to +"$notse +er nstead. !earl" a fortn&+t after t+s c+an&e t occ)rred to
,r. ,)sart1 8+en at a dstance of ten 3lo'etres1 to tr" 8+et+er +e stll
retaned +s $o8er1 and +e 8lled t+at t+e $atent s+o)ld not allo8 +erself to
be entrancedG t+en after +alfCanC+o)r1 t+n3n& t+at t+e effect '&+t be bad
for +er1 +e re'o2ed t+e $ro+bton. Earl" ne#t 'ornn& +e 8as s)r$rsed to
rece2e a letter fro' t+e fat+er1 statn& t+at on t+e $re2o)s da" +e +ad onl"
s)cceeded n +"$notsn& +s da)&+ter after a $rolon&ed and $anf)l
str)&&leG and t+at1 8+en entranced1 s+e +ad declared t+at +er resstance +ad
been d)e to ,r. ,)sart5s co''and1 and t+at s+e +ad onl" s)cc)'bed 8+en
+e $er'tted +er.
,') D . T+e ne#t case s E)oted fro' ,r. ,)fa"5s $a$er alread" referred
to (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <**). T+e a)t+or5s ca)ton n +i,KIG-
nter$retn& t+e $+eno'ena adds to t+e 2al)e of +s obser2atons. T+e
acco)nt s dated Blos1 /a" *AAA. It 8ll be re'e'bered t+at n t+e case
E)oted n ,,( A , ,r. ,)fa" +"$notsed an actress fro' a dstant $art of t+e
t+eatre1 b)t n t+at case t dd not see' absol)tel" certan t+at s+e co)ld not
+a2e s)s$ected +s $resence n t+e t+eatre and +s ntenton.
Y/ada'e C. 8as t+rt"Cf2e "ears of a&e1 of a ner2o)s te'$era'ent1
and sl&+tl" r+e)'atc. 4or so'e t'e s+e +ad been s)bDect to $erodcal
attac3s of +eadac+e and sc3ness1 8+c+ t+e )s)al re'edes +ad faled to
rele2e. :nder t+ese crc)'stances I dd not +estate to tr" t+e effect of
'a&nets' on '" frst 2st to +er. %t t+e end of f2e 'n)tes t+e $an
$assed off and t+e sc3ness ceased1 and on e2er" s)bseE)ent occason t+e
sa'e t+n& too3 $lace. If '" arr2al 8as dela"ed t+e tro)bles contn)edG b)t
+ardl" +ad I $)lled t+e bell1 and before t+e door 8as o$ened1 /ada'e C.
fell nto a cal' slee$. It 8as E)te a dfferent t+n& f an" one else ran& t+e
bell1 for t+en t+e n2ald co'$laned btterl" of t+e nose t+at 8as s$lttn&
+er +ead.
Later on s+e e2en felt '" a$$roac+ fro' t+e f)rt+er end of t+e streetJ
%+Z 8+at +a$$nessZ9 s+e 8o)ld sa"1 +ere s t+e doctor co'n&1 I feel
'"self c)redZ9 and /onse)r C. 8o)ld o$en t+e 8ndo8 to 'a3e certan of
t1 and 8o)ld see 'e n t+e dstance. %nd +s 8fe ne2er 'ade a 'sta3e.
(o'et'es +e 8o)ld tr" to enco)ra&e +er b" telln& +er t+at +e sa8 'e
co'n&1 b)t s+e 3ne8 t+at t+s 8as not tr)e1 and t+e sc3ness contn)ed.
In a case of t+s sort1 +o8 co)ld I +estate to 'a3e an atte'$t at
nfl)encn& +er fro' a dstanceW /oreo2er1 I 8as dr2en to t b"
crc)'stances. %t t+e +e&+t of an attac3 /onse)r C.1 8+o +ad alread"
been t8ce to fetc+ 'e1 dsco2ered 8+ere I 8as to be fo)nd. Ben& 8t+ a
$atent 8+o' I co)ld not lea2e for se2eral +o)rs1 I ass)red /onse)r C.1
8t+o)t ben& at all certan of t '"self1 t+at +s 8fe 8o)ld be aslee$ and
c)red 8+en +e &ot +o'e a&an. I +ad t+e satsfacton of 2erf"n& t+s t+ree
+o)rs later1 8+en I ordered a $rofo)nd slee$ to last tll t+e follo8n& da"1
8+c+ re$ared t+e fat&)es of t+e 'ornn&. T+)s t+e $ossblt" of
'a&netsn& at a dstance s not to be do)bted19 sa" '" notes. B)t no8ada"s
t+e obDecton of selfCs)&&eston $resents tselfJ I 8as e#$ectedG /onse)r C.
+ad $ro'sed to brn& 'e 8t+ +'.
%' I &on& to fnd a 'ore con2ncn& e#a'$leW Yes1 certanl". It 8as1
+o8e2er1 an act of s'$le c)rost" 8t+o)t an" t+era$e)tc a'. /ada'e C.
8as n $erfect +ealt+1 b)t +er na'e +a$$enn& to be 'entoned n '"
+earn&1 t+e dea str)c3 'e t+at I 8o)ld 'entall" order +er to slee$1 8t+o)t
+er 8s+n& t t+s t'e1 and also 8t+o)t +er s)s$ectn& t. T+en1 an +o)r
later1 I 8ent to +er +o)se and as3ed t+e ser2ant 8+o o$ened t+e door
8+et+er an nstr)'ent1 8+c+ I +ad 'slad o)t of '" case1 +ad been fo)nd
n /ada'e C.5s roo'.
Is not t+at t+e doctor5s 2oce t+at I +earW9 as3ed /onse)r C. fro' t+e
to$ of t+e starcaseG be& +' to co'e )$. 7)st 'a&ne19 +e sa"s to 'e1 I
8as &on& to send for "o). !earl" an +o)r a&o '" 8fe lost consco)sness1
and +er 'ot+er and I +a2e not been able to brn& +er to +er senses. -er
'ot+er1 8+o 8s+ed to ta3e +er nto t+e co)ntr"1 s dstracted.Y9
I dd not dare to confess '"self &)lt" of t+s catastro$+e1 b)t 8as
betra"ed b" /ada'e C.1 8+o &a2e 'e +er +and1 sa"n&19 Yo) dd 8ell to
$)t 'e to slee$1 ,octor1 beca)se I 8as &on& to allo8 '"self to be ta3en
a8a"1 and t+en I s+o)ld not +a2e been able to fns+ '" e'broder".9
+i,KIH-
Yo) +a2e anot+er $ece of e'broder" n +andW9
YesG a 'antleCborderYfor "o)r brt+da". Yo) ')st not loo3 as t+o)&+
"o) 3ne8 abo)t t1 8+en I a' a8a3e1 beca)se I 8ant to &2e "o) a
s)r$rse.9
/a3e "o)rself eas" as to t+at1 "o) 8ll see 'e D)st as s)r$rsed as
&ratef)l t+e da" 8+en "o) 'a3e 'e t+s 2al)able $resent. B)t 8+" do "o)
'enton t to 'e no8W9
Beca)se "o) o)&+t to 3no8 8+" I a' $leased at not ben& able to &o
a8a".9
I t+en e#$laned to t+e +)sband and t+e 'ot+er t+at I +ad allo8ed
'"self to 'a3e an e#$er'ent1 and t 8as settled a'on&st )s t+at /ada'e
C. s+o)ld not be told of t. I t+en 8o3e +er as )s)al b" 'eans of $asses fro'
8t+n o)t8ards n front of +er e"es1 and s+e 8as told t+at s+e +ad fallen
aslee$ after l)nc+1 8+le readn& t+e ne8s$a$er1 8+c+ dd not astons+ +er
at all.Y
I re$eated t+e e#$er'ent 'an" t'es 8t+ L/ada'e C.M1 and al8a"s
8t+ s)ccess1 8+c+ 8as a &reat +el$ to 'e 8+en )nable to &o to +er at once
8+en sent for. I e2en co'$leted t+e e#$er'ent b" also #aBing +er fro' a
dstance1 solel" b" an act of 2olton1 8+c+ for'erl" I s+o)ld not +a2e
bele2ed $ossble. T+e a&ree'ent n t'e 8as so $erfect t+at no do)bt co)ld
be entertaned.
To concl)de1 I 8as abo)t to ta3e a +olda" of s# 8ee3s1 and s+o)ld t+)s
be absent 8+en one of t+e attac3s 8as d)e. (o t 8as settled bet8een /. C.
and '"self t+at1 as soon as t+e +eadac+e be&an1 +e s+o)ld let 'e 3no8 b"
tele&ra$+G t+at I s+o)ld t+en do fro' afar off 8+at s)cceeded so 8ell near at
+andG t+at after f2e or s# +o)rs I s+o)ld endea2o)r to a8a3en t+e $atent1
and t+at /. C s+o)ld let 'e 3no8 b" 'eans of a second tele&ra' 8+et+er
t+e res)lt +ad been satsfactor". -e +ad no do)bt abo)t tG I 8as less certan.
/ada'e C. dd not 3no8 t+at I 8as &on& a8a".
T+e so)nd of 'oann&s one 'ornn& anno)nced to /. C. t+at t+e
'o'ent +ad co'eG 8t+o)t entern& +s 8fe5s roo' +e ran to t+e tele&ra$+
offce1 and I rece2ed +s 'essa&e at ten o5cloc3. -e ret)rned +o'e a&an at
t+at sa'e +o)r1 and fo)nd +s 8fe aslee$ and not s)ffern& an" 'ore. %t
fo)r o5cloc3 I 8lled t+at s+e s+o)ld 8a3e1 and at e&+t o5cloc3 n t+e
e2enn& I rece2ed a second tele&ra'J (atsfactor" res)lt1 8o3e at fo)r
o5cloc3. T+an3s.9
%nd I 8as t+en n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood of ()ll"Cs)rCLore1 .A lea&)es
**. 3lo'etresfro' Blos.Y
I +ad no do)bt as to t+e realt" of acton at a ($er+a$s )nl'ted)
dstance1 8+en I obser2ed t+s case1 abo)t t8ent"Cf2e "ears a&o. B)t no81
so ')c+ a' I str)c3 b" t+e '$robablt" of t+e stor"1 t+at I a' 'ore read"
to ad't t+at /ada'e C.1 at t+e 'o'ent 8+en t+e $an and sc3ness
co''enced1 t+o)&+t t+at +er +)sband +ad +eard +er 'oans and +ad +)rred
to sec)re '" assstance1 snce s+e 8as )na8are of '" absenceG t+at +er
con2cton t+at I s+o)ld &2e +er relef as )s)al +ad s)ffced to $rod)ce
slee$ b" selfCs)&&eston1 and t+at t+e 8a3n& +ad ta3en $lace )nder t+e
sa'e nfl)ence1 after a la$se of t'e sensbl" eE)2alent to t+at d)rn&
8+c+ I )s)all" ca)sed +er to slee$.Y
,') E . In t+e Soist for %$rl *A<@ /r. %da's1 a s)r&eon of L"'n&ton1
8rtn& fo)r 'ont+s after t+e e2ent1 descrbes +o8 a &)est of +s o8n t8ce
s)cceeded n 'es'ersn& t+e 'anCser2ant of a co''on frend at a dstance
of nearl" fft" 'les1 t+e t'e 8+en t+e atte'$t 8as +i,KII- to be 'ade
+a2n& n eac+ case been $r2atel" arran&ed 8t+ t+e 'an5s 'aster. On t+e
frst occason t+e )n8ttn& s)bDect9 fell at t+e t'e na'ed1 =.;> P./.1 nto
a state of $rofo)nd co'a not at all rese'bln& nat)ral slee$1 fro' 8+c+ +e
8as 8t+ dffc)lt" aro)sed. -e sad t+at before +e fell aslee$ +e +ad lost
t+e )se of +s le&sG +e +ad endea2o)red to 3c3 t+e cat a8a"1 and co)ld not
do so.9 On t+e second occason a s'lar ft 8as nd)ced at @.;> %./.1 8+en
t+e 'an 8as n t+e act of 8al3n& across a 'eado8 to feed t+e $&s.
4or ot+er cases of +"$notsaton at a dstance1 see Professor Rc+et n
t+e 7evue &hiosophique, 4ebr)ar" *AAB1 $. *@@ (E)oted n &hantasms o$
the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;;.)1 and ,r. ,are# n t+e Annaes des Sciences
&sychiques, 2ol. .1 *A@;1 $$. .?=KB=. ,r. 6etterstrand of (toc3+ol' also
states n a letter $)bls+ed n ,r. (c+'d3)nN5s &sychoogie der Suggestion
((t)tt&art1 En3e1 *A@.)1 and translated n &roceedings, 2ol. #. $. .*B1 t+at
+e +as a $atent 8+o' +e can send to slee$ and 8a3e )$ a&an fro' +s
+o)se1 and t+at +e +as also 'ade +er &et )$ n a state of slee$ fro' +er o8n
roo' and co'e to +s.
%not+er case1 n2ol2n& an e#$er'ent not to be reco''ended1 8as
recorded b" ,r. TolosaCLato)r n t+e Annaes des Sciences &sychiques, 2ol.
.1 *A@;1 $$. .BAK=;. T+e s)bDect of t+e e#$er'ent 8as a /lle. R.18+o'
,r. Lato)r +ad treated +"$notcall" for +"stercal $aral"ss snce (e$te'ber
*AAB. Pror to +s treat'ent1 n *AA?1 s+e +ad +ad dal" +"stercal attac3s1
b)t bot+ t+ese and t+e $aral"ss +ad al'ost entrel" dsa$$eared at t+e t'e
of +s e#$er'ent1 October *A@>. (+e 8as t+en l2n& at /adrd1 and +e 8as
tra2elln& n 4rance. ,)rn& a Do)rne" fro' Poters to /&nU +e atte'$ted
for an +o)r or t8o to send +er to slee$ and pour $i0er bien a suggestion to
$rod)ce a 2olent +"sterc attac3 after t+e slee$. (o'e t'e after +s ret)rn
to /adrd +e learnt of t+e co'$lete s)ccess of +s e#$er'ent. % letter fro'
/lle. R.1 8rtten n /arc+ *A@*1 descrbn& +er e#$erence1 states t+at s+e
+ad been $erfectl" 8ell D)st before t+e attac31 and +ad +ad no attac3s of t+e
3nd snce.
,'9 A . T+e $rod)cton of local anFst+esa and r&dt" s a co''on
$+eno'enon1 fa'lar to all +"$notc o$erators as t+e res)lt of a defnte
2erbal s)&&eston1 and one t+at can also be $rod)ced n so'e s)bDects b"
selfCs)&&eston (see ,1) D ). T+e s$ecal feat)re of t+e e#$er'ents
recorded n t+s %$$end# and ,'9 B s t+at t+e" 8ere carred o)t )nder
condtons 8+c+1 as t+e e#$er'enters bele2ed1 precuded any Bno#edge
on the part o$ the sub"ect as to #hich o$ his $ingers #as to be operated on.
E#$er'ents of t+s t"$e 8ere frst tred b" G)rne" fro' *AA; on8ards1
$artl" 8t+ a 2e8 to testn& t+e realt" of t+e 'es'erc effl)ence.9 I E)ote
e#tracts fro' +s latest acco)nt of t+e' n +s $a$er on Recent
E#$er'ents n -"$nots'9 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. (*AAA)1 $$.
*<K*=. 4or t+e detals1 I ')st refer t+e reader to t+e $a$er tself.
+i,KIJ-
E#$er'ents of t+s 'ost '$ortant class +a2e been alread" descrbed n
t+ese &roceedings.
*
In o)tlne t+e modus operandi +as been as follo8sJ T+e
s)bDect9 s 'ade to $)t +s ar' t+ro)&+ a t+c3 screen1 e#tendn& +&+
abo2e +s +ead1 and to s$read +s ten fn&ers on a table n front of +'. T+e
fn&ers are t+)s co'$letel" concealed fro' +s 2e81 and t+e o$erator5s
+and s +eld1 8t+o)t contact1 at a dstance 2ar"n& fro' abo)t a t+rd to
t+reeCE)arters of an nc+1 o2er one or anot+er of t+e'1 accordn& to '"
selecton1 8t+ t+e res)lt t+at n a 2er" lar&e 'aDort" of cases t+e fn&er so
treated1 and t+at fn&er alone1 beco'es r&d and nsensble to e#tre'el"
se2ere treat'ent n t+e 8a" of stabs1 b)rns1 and electrc s+oc3s. 4ro' '"
3no8led&e of t+e s)bDects19 and of t+e crc)'stances1 I re&ard s')laton
as $ractcall" o)t of t+e E)eston. B)t t+s s not reall" '$ortant1 for t+e
+"$ot+ess of s')laton +as no a$$lcaton to t+e freE)ent cases 8+ere t+e
r&dt" 8as tested be$ore t+e anFst+esa. T+e s)bDect9 s told to do)ble +s
fst1 and no desre to dece2e co)ld +a2e ta)&+t +' 8+c+ $artc)lar one of
+s ten d&ts 8as to re'an recalctrant.
In t+e recent seres t+ere +a2e been *B> e#$er'ents of t+e descrbed
t"$e 8t+ f2e s)bDects.9 In all t+ese cases I +eld '" +and1 n t+e sa'e
$oston as (.5s L(.9 s /r. G. %. ('t+1 t+e +"$notst 8+o constantl"
asssted n G)rne"5s e#$er'entsM1 o2er one of t+e re'ann& nne fn&ers. In
*.< cases (. alone $rod)ced t+e effect ntended. In *B cases (. and I bot+
s)cceededG and n *; cases I s)cceeded1 and (. faled. In t+e re'ann& =
cases no effect at all 8as $rod)ced.Y
T+e fn&er o$erated )$on 8as &enerall" restored to ts nor'al condton
b" re2erse $asses1 'ade 8t+ contactabo)t t8ent" ben& t+e a2era&e
n)'ber reE)red. /ost of t+e atte'$ts to ann)l t+e effect #ithout contact
8ere nconcl)s2e. (o'et'es t+e effort 8as s)ccessf)l1 and n a fe8
nstances 2er" dstnctl" so1 b)t n ot+er cases t+e $rocess too3 so ')c+ t'e
t+at contact 8as e2ent)all" resorted to. I freE)entl" tred1 b" stro3n& t+e
fn&er1 to )ndo t+e effect 8+c+ (. +ad $rod)cedG b)t I s)cceeded on onl"
one occason.Y
T+e s)bDect9 s occasonall"1 b)t not )s)all"1 consco)s of so'e c+an&e
n t+e fn&er as t+e e#$er'ent $ro&resses. %s3ed to sa" 8+et+er +e felt
an"t+n& )n)s)al1 +e 8o)ld so'et'es sa" t+at +e felt cold19 $ns and
needles19 n)'bness19 or cree$ness19 n a certan fn&er8+c+ fn&er
8as n nearl" e2er" case t+e one )nder e#$er'ent. In connecton 8t+ t+s
$ont t+e follo8n& e#$er'ent 8t+ 6ells s of &reat nterest. 6t+o)t
telln& +' s$ecall" to obser2e an" c+an&e n +s fn&ers1 one 8as 'ade
nsenst2e and r&d n t+e )s)al 8a". It 8as t+en )ndone9 b" re2erse
stro3n&s o2er t+e bac3 of +s +and1 and +e a$$eared to be n co'$lete
&norance as to 8+c+ $artc)lar fn&er +ad been t+e s)bDect of e#$er'ent1
and co)ld not sa" 8+c+ one +ad been affected. B)t entranced ''edatel"
after8ards1 and told to 8rte 8+c+ fn&er +ad been stffened1 and t+en 8o3e
and set to t+e $lanc+ette1 +e 8rote t+e r&+t one. T+e e#$er'ent 8as
re$eated se2eral t'es1 8t+ t+e sa'e res)lt. T+e $lanc+ette &a2e t+e
nfor'aton 8+c+ t+e s)bDect9 co)ld not consco)sl" s)$$l".
Besdes t+e abo2e1 fort"Cone e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade n 8+c+ (.1 8+le
+oldn& +s +and as )s)al1 8lled t+at no effect s+o)ld be $rod)ced. Of
t+ese1 t+rt"Cs# 8ere s)ccessf)l (n t+e sense t+at no effect 8as $rod)ced)1
and f2e faled.
+i,KIK-
L(e2eral e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade n 8+c+ t+e selected fn&ers 8ere
co2ered 8t+ s'all screens1 b)t t+ese 8ere &enerall" )ns)ccessf)l. In ot+er
s)ccessf)l cases1 selected s$ots on t+e bare ar's of t+e s)bDects 8ere
o$erated )$on1 nstead of fn&ers.M
,'9 B . 4)rt+er e#$er'ents of t+e 3nd D)st descrbed 8ere carred o)t
b" /rs. -. (d&8c3 n *A@> and *A@. 8t+ t+e +el$ of t+e sa'e +"$notst1
/r. G. %. ('t+1 n t+e co)rse of +er e#$er'ents on t+o)&+tCtransference
(see ,*3 A ). I E)ote a fe8 e#tracts fro' t+e acco)nt &2en ($$. ?==K@;) n
t+e $a$er b" /rs. (d&8c3 and /ss %lce 7o+nson on E#$er'ents n
T+o)&+tCTransference9 n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ?;BK@B1
be&nnn& 8t+ t+er s)''ar" of G)rne"5s t+eoretcal dsc)sson of +s
res)lts.
/r. G)rne" dsc)sses t+e $ossble e#$lanaton of +s res)lts n t+eY
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .?<K?@. -e ass)'es t+at t+e condtons
ado$ted sec)reas t+e" are des&ned to sec)ret+at no ndcatons as to
8+c+ fn&er s to be o$erated on s+o)ld )nntentonall" reac+ t+e s)bDect
t+ro)&+ t+e e"e1 or t+e ear1 or b" to)c+. T+ere re'an t+en t+ree +"$ot+esesJ
5a6 t+at t+s 3no8led&e 'a" reac+ +s bran b" 'eans of a delcate
$erce$ton1 consco)s or )nconsco)s1 of te'$erat)re or arCc)rrents1 ca)sed
b" t+e $ro#'t" of /r. ('t+5s fn&ersG 5b6 t+at t 'a" be con2e"ed fro'
/r. ('t+5s 'nd to t+at of t+e s)bDect b" t+o)&+tCtransferenceG and 5c6 t+at
so'e drect $+"scal nfl)ence n 8+c+ t+e ordnar" c+annels of sense are
not concerned s e#ercsed t+ro)&+ /r. ('t+5s +and on t+at of t+e s)bDect.
*
/r. G)rne" consdered t+at t+e neffect2eness of /r. ('t+5s +and
)nless +s 8ll 8as en&a&ed at t+e sa'e t'e see'ed alone fatal to
+"$ot+ess 5a61 8+c+ 8as also rendered al'ost )ntenable b" t+e dffc)lt"
of s)$$osn& t+at t+e delcate $erce$ton ass)'ed co)ld +a2e been delcate
eno)&+ to 'a3e t $ossble to dstn&)s+ /r. ('t+5s +and fro' /r.
G)rne"5s +eld s'larl" o2er anot+er fn&er at t+e sa'e t'e. -"$ot+ess
5b6, /r. G)rne" sa"s1 see's e#cl)ded b" t+e fact t+at t+e $+"scal
$ro#'t" of /r. ('t+5s +and (no less t+an +s concentraton of 8ll on t+e
desred res)lt) $ro2es to be a necessar" condton19 and +e concl)des t+at
t+e balance of $robablt" s &reatl" n fa2o)r of +"$ot+ess 5c6a drect
$+"scal nfl)ence1 e#ercsed t+ro)&+ /r. ('t+5s +and1 n 8+c+ t+e
ordnar" c+annels of sense are not concerned.
T+s bref ntrod)cton see'ed necessar" n order to e#$lan t+e state of
t+e E)eston and t+e bearn& of o)r o8n e#$er'ents on t. T+ese1 as 8ll be
seen1 stll f)rt+er confr' /r. G)rne"5s 2e8 as to t+e )ntenableness of +s
+"$ot+ess 5a61 beca)se 8e +a2e s)cceeded n obtann& t+e res)lt 8t+ a
t+c3 s+eet of &lass +i,KIL- bet8een /r. ('t+5s fn&ers and t+e s)bDect5s.
T+e" also e#cl)de +"$ot+ess 5c6 and re'o2e /r. G)rne"5s 'an obDecton
to +"$ot+ess 5b6 (t+o)&+tCtransference)1 beca)se 8e +a2e s)cceeded 8+en
/r. ('t+ dd not +old +s +and o2er t+e s)bDect5s at all1 b)t 'erel" stood
8t+ folded ar's loo3n& at t+e fn&er to be affected. 6e t+erefore bele2e
t+at t+e tr)e e#$lanaton of t+e res)lts s t+o)&+tCtransference or menta
s)&&eston1 rece2ed n so'e )nconsco)s or s)bl'nal9 'anner b" t+e
s)bDect5s 'nd1 and actn& on +s or&ans' n t+e sa'e 8a" t+at an ordnar"
verba s)&&eston 'a" act. T+e $rocess 8o)ld t+)s be analo&o)s to t+at
s)$$osed b" /r. G)rne" to occ)r n +"$notsaton at a dstance.
Before $roceedn& to a detaled descr$ton of o)r o8n e#$er'ents1 8e
'a" re'ar3 t+at e2en ta3n& /r. G)rne"5s alone1 t+e balance of $robablt"
see's to )s to be rat+er on t+e sde of t+o)&+tCtransference t+an of a drect
$+"scal nfl)ence. -s contrar" o$non a$$ears to )s to rel" too ')c+ on
ne&at2e e2dence1 t+e force of 8+c+ t s eas" to o2erCest'ate. In +s
)ns)ccessf)l e#$er'ents 8+ere 8lln& 8t+o)t a$$roac+n& t+e +and 8as
)sed1 t+e onl" observed dfference n condtons 8as t+e ntentonal
8t++oldn& of /r. ('t+5s +andG b)t t+s dfference 'a" easl" not +a2e
been t+e 8+ole c+an&e act)all" $rod)ced n t+e condtons1 and t+erefore
'a" not +a2e been t+e ca)se of t+e nonCocc)rrence of t+e $+eno'ena )nder
obser2aton. O)r e#$er'ents s+o81 n fact1 t+at t 8as not t+e ca)se.
B)t 8e also t+n3 so'e of /r. G)rne"5s $ost2e res)lts +ard to nter$ret
on an" +"$ot+ess of a $+"scal nfl)ence actn& ''edatel" on t+e
s)bDect5s ner2es1 and not t+ro)&+ +s bran b" 'eans of s)&&eston 6e refer
es$ecall" to t+e fact t+at occasonall" t+e 8ron& fn&er 8as affected nstead
of1 or as 8ell as1 t+e r&+t one. 4or nstance1 n /r. G)rne"5s e#$er'ents
8t+ lttle $a$er screens alread" 'entoned1 t8o fn&ers1 t+e selected one
and anot+er1 8ere $rotected b" t+e'1 and n t+e frst e#$er'ent bot+ t+ese
fn&ers beca'e stff and nsenst2e. !o8 t s eas" to see +o8 t+s '&+t
+a$$en f t+e res)lt 8ere d)e to s)&&eston9t+at s1 to an '$)lse
co'')ncated to t+e $erc$ent5s bran 8+c+ set t+e 'ac+ner" to 8or3 to
$rod)ce t+e ner2o)s effectfor t+e s)&&eston can easl" be conce2ed to
&o 8ron&. If t 8as selfCs)&&eston1 d)e to t+e $erce$ton of t+e lttle screens
t+ro)&+ t+e senses1 t '&+t nat)rall" affect bot+ fn&ers al3eG and f t 8as
'ental s)&&eston t+ro)&+ t+e acton of t+e o$erator5s 'nd on t+at of t+e
s)bDect1 t s eas" to s)$$ose t+at /r. ('t+5s attenton 8as eE)all" drected
to bot+ t+e 'ar3ed fn&ers1 t+o)&+ +s +and onl" $onted to one. B)t t s
+ard to see +o8 an" s$ecfc nfl)ence fro' /r. ('t+5s +and co)ld affect
t+e fn&er +e 8as and t+e fn&er +e 8as not $ontn& at1 8t+o)t affectn&
also t+e nter2enn& ones.
*etais o$ the 80periments.
4or o)r o8n e#$er'ents 8e ado$ted t+e sa'e arran&e'ents as /r.
G)rne". T+e s)bDect1 8+o 8as al8a"s n a nor'al condton at t+e t'e of
t+e e#$er'ents1 sat 8t+ +s +ands $assed t+ro)&+ +oles n a screen 8+c+
e#tended s)ffcentl" abo2e and on eac+ sde of +' to $re2ent +s seen&
t+e o$erator or +s o8n +ands. T+e +ands 8ere s$read o)t on a table1 and t+e
fn&er to be o$erated on 8as slentl" ndcated to /r. ('t+ be+nd t+e
screen b" one of o)rsel2es et+er b" s&ns or n 8rtn&. /r. ('t+ &enerall"
sad not+n& 8+le an e#$er'ent 8as &on& on1 and +e re'aned be+nd t+e
screen )ntl t+e testn& 8as fns+ed. T+e s)bDect 8as freE)entl" en&a&ed b"
one of )s n con2ersaton +i,KIM- on to$cs o)tsde t+e 'atter n +and d)rn&
t+e $rocess of 'a3n& t+e fn&er nsenst2e1 b)t so'et'es 8e enco)ra&ed
+' to attend to +s o8n sensatons1 8t+ res)lts 8+c+ 8ll be descrbed
belo8. 6+en 8e bele2ed t+e nsenst2eness to +a2e been $rod)ced1 8e
ascertaned1 8t+o)t 'o2n& t+e screen1 8+c+ fn&er t 8as n b" to)c+n&
t+e fn&ers 8t+ t+e $ont of a $encl or so'e ot+er con2enent nstr)'ent1
ta3n& care to attac3 t+e' n 2ar"n& orders1 so'et'es be&nnn& 8t+ t+e
selected fn&er and so'et'es ta3n& t later n t+e seres1 so t+at no
ndcaton as to 8+c+ fn&er 8e e#$ected to fnd affected '&+t be &2en b"
t+e order of testn&. Occasonall" t+e testn& 8as done b" one of )s 8+o 8as
&norant of 8+c+ fn&er +ad been selected. R&dt" 8as ascertaned b"
telln& t+e s)bDect to close +s +ands1 8+en t+e affected fn&er re'aned
e#tended. 6e often tred t+s before testn& for nsenst2eness1 beca)se t
8as free fro' t+e obDecton t+at n testn& 8e '&+t $ossbl" o)rsel2es
ndcate t+e fn&er. In so'e e#$er'ents 8e atte'$ted to ascertan ro)&+l"
t+e de&ree of nsenst2eness b" 'eans of a s'all nd)cton col. To t+s 8e
s+all rec)r later 8+en 8e dsc)ss t+e nat)re of t+e effect $rod)ced.
O)r e#$er'ents 'a" be d2ded nto s# +eads1 accordn& to t+e
$oston and $roced)re of /r. ('t+.
LI o't t+e detals1 and &2e onl" t+e s)''ar" of t+e e#$er'ents 'ade
8t+ t+e s)bDect P. as follo8sJM
!)'ber of
()cces
ses.
Partal
()cce
sses.
4al)
res.
Tr
als.
(a) 6t+ /r. ('t+ $ontn&
*
at t+e
selected fn&er
*@ B
.?
(b) % &lass screen $laced o2er P.5s +ands1
/r. ('t+ $ontn& at t+e fn&er
*A ;
.*
(c) /r. ('t+ not $ontn& at t+e fn&er1
n t+e sa'e roo' 8t+ P.1 fro' . to
abo)t *. feet off
*@
. *B ;=
(d) /r. ('t+ n anot+er roo' across a
$assa&e1 bot+ nter2enn& doors o$en1
loo3n& t+ro)&+ an o$eraC&lass at t+e
fn&er
; ;
B
(e) /r. ('t+ n a dfferent roo' fro' P.1
an nter2enn& door closed
.
*. *<
(f) /r. ('t+ $ontn&1 b)t 8lln& t+at
no effect s+o)ld be $rod)ced
< <
Totals B; < <>
*>
=
LT+e 8rters descrbe f)ll" t+e 'eans t+e" )sed to test t+e anFst+esa1
t+e de&ree of anFst+esa attaned1 and t+e 'eans )sed for restorn&
sensblt". T+e ne#t $ont descrbed s one 8+c+1 as t+e" sa"1 affords
f)rt+er stron& e2dence of t+e &en)neness of t+e e#$er'ents1 snce t+e
s)bDects 8ere E)te +i,KIN- )na8are t+at t+e obser2atons 8ere ben& 'ade1
s)c+ $onts ne2er ben& dsc)ssed n t+er $resence1 e2en 8+en t+e" 8ere
+"$notsed.9M
Sequence o$ 8$$ects.
%n nterestn& $ont obser2ed 8as t+at t+e loss of sensblt" see'ed to
s$read fro' t+e lo8er $art of t+e fn&er )$8ards1 and 8+en t+e effect 8as
sl&+t t+e t$ of t+e fn&er onl" 8as affected. 6e +a2e recorded fo)rteen
cases n 8+c+ et+er t+e lo8er $art onl"or t+e lo8er $art frstbeca'e
nsenst2e1 or 'ore nsenst2e t+an t+e )$$er. T+e onl" case obser2ed n
8+c+ t+s r)le dd not a$$ear to +old &ood 8as one (!o. ??) n 8+c+
after an atte'$t lon&er t+an )s)al1 2N.1 fro' f2e to ten 'n)test+e onl"
$art of t+e selected fn&er (t+e r&+t t+)'b) t+at beca'e nsenst2e 8as t+e
nner sde of t+e $ro#'al Dont. %not+er $ossble e#ce$ton to t+e r)le 8as
an e#$er'ent 8t+ /ss B.1 n 8+c+ t+e $art selected to be 'ade
anFst+etc 8as a s$ot n t+e 'ddle of t+e bac3 of t+e left +and. -ere t+e
anFst+esa e#tended bot+ abo2e and belo8 t+e s$ot1 o2er t+e 'etacar$al
and $ro#'al Donts of t+e 'ddle fn&er.
Reco2er" see'ed to $roceed n t+e o$$oste drecton1 t+e sensblt"
s$readn& do8n8ards to8ards t+e t$ of t+e fn&er. It 8as onl" $ossble to
obser2e t+s n a fe8 cases1 as reco2er" of t+e 8+ole fn&er1 8+en )$8ard
$asses 8ere )sed for t+e $)r$ose1 8as &enerall" 2er" ra$d. One case s
recorded 8+en t+e sensblt" 8as co'$letel" restored b" t8o s)c+ $asses.
In se2en cases1 +o8e2er1 8e detected t+e &rad)al reco2er" referred to1
8+c+ al8a"s follo8ed t+e r)le &2en.Y
T+e reco2er" of 'otor $o8er and of sensblt" 8as not al8a"s
s')ltaneo)s. 6e +a2e noted f2e cases n 8+c+ t+e sensblt" 8as
reco2ered frst and none n 8+c+ t+e 'otor $o8er frst rea$$eared. %lso1 n
'a3n& t+e e#$er'ents1 t+e 'otor $o8er 8as so'et'es lost 8+le t+e
sensblt" 8as 8+oll" or $artall" retaned (t+s 8as noted n f2e cases)G
b)t 8e ne2er detected an" case n 8+c+ t+e loss of sensblt" e#tended
f)rt+er t+an t+e loss of t+e 'otor $o8er. In ot+er 8ords1 t see'ed t+at t+e
'otor effect co)ld be $rod)ced bot+ 'ore easl" and 'ore co'$letel" t+an
t+e sensor".
T+ese latter obser2atons1 t+o)&+ onl" 'ade cas)all" n t+e co)rse of
o)r e#$er'ents1 are n accordance 8t+ t+e &eneral e#$erence of ot+er
n2est&ators. In t+e $a$er alread" referred to 0 ,1) D 1 on t+e nfl)ence of
selfCs)&&eston1 t s sad t+at ')sc)lar r&dt" L8as t+eM 'ost &eneral
for' of $+eno'enon $rod)ced b" selfCs)&&eston19 8+ereas local
anFst+esa a$$eared 'ore rarel". It s 8ell 3no8n also t+at ')sc)lar
r&dt" s one of t+e easest effects to $rod)ce b" 2erbal s)&&eston.
Sensations *escribed by the Sub"ects in the Course o$ the
80periments.
6+en t+er attenton 8as drected to t+er +ands1 t+e s)bDects 8ere
so'et'es a8are of $ec)lar sensatons n one or 'ore of t+er fn&ers
d)rn& t+e o$eraton. /r. G)rne" fo)nd t+s 8t+ t8o of +s s)bDects1 after
+e +ad e#$er'ented 8t+ t+e' for so'e t'e and &ot t+e' to attend to
t+er sensatons d)rn& t+e $rocess1 and t+e fn&er n 8+c+ t+e" occ)rred
8as nearl" al8a"s t+e one )nder e#$er'ent. T+e $re2aln& sensaton 8as
cold1 so'et'es also $ns and needles19 n)'bness19 and t+e l3e
(&roceedings, 2ol. 2. $. *?).
Bot+ P. and /ss B.1 8+en as3ed to attend to t+er +ands1 often
'entoned a sensaton of cold n t+e selected fn&er1 and f 8e tested at once
8e &enerall" fo)nd ts sensblt" red)ced belo8 t+e nor'al. T+e dfference
of te'$erat)re1 +i,KIO- f t e#sted at all1 8as not s)c+ as to be $erce$tble
to ordnar" to)c+. T+e sensaton of cold soon 8ent off1 and t+e fn&er t+en
beca'e co'$letel" anFst+etc. It 8o)ld1 of co)rse1 be 2er" eas"
es$ecall" )nder t+e crc)'stances of t+e e#$er'entsto 'a&ne s)c+ a
feeln& as t+s1 b)t ts assocaton 8t+ t+e r&+t fn&er 8as certanl"
s&nfcant. T+e sensaton1 +o8e2er1 so'et'es occ)rred n t+e 8ron&
fn&er1 b)t t+en anFst+esa ne2er follo8ed 8t+ P.1 t+o)&+ t occasonall"
dd so 8t+ /ss B.Y
Care 8as1 of co)rse1 al8a"s ta3en1 8+en t+e s)bDect frst s$o3e of t+e
sensaton1 to a2od &2n& +' +nts as to 8+et+er t+e fn&er +e 'entoned
8as t+e one 8e +ad selected for e#$er'ent. %fter a t'e 8e left off
enco)ra&n& +' to $a" attenton to +s sensatons1 for fear of rendern& t+e
fn&ers too s)sce$tble to an" c+ance s)&&estons. L(o'e e#$er'ents
ll)stratn& t+s are ne#t descrbed.M
,'9 C . (e2eral sets of e#$er'ents are recorded n t+e (.P.R.
&roceedings
*
n 8+c+ t+e s)bDect5s $o8er of res$onse to a E)eston 8as
s+o8n to be )nder t+e control of t+e )ns$o3en 8ll of t+e +"$notst1 t+at
8ll ben& drected d)rn& a lon& seres of trals n accordance 8t+ an
arbtrar" lst of yeses and noes dra8n )$ b" t+e co''ttee 8+o 8ere
cond)ctn& t+e e#$er'ents. One seres of trals cond)cted b" Professor
Barrett (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. <*=1 and1 for a 'ore detaled
acco)nt1 &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $$. ?@KB*) &a2e fort"Ct+ree
s)ccesses 8t+o)t a sn&le fal)re. In t+e last s# of t+ese trals t+e +"$notst1
8+o 8as a co'$lete stran&er to t+e s)bDect1 8as at a dstance of *= feet
fro' +'1 o)tsde a door1 t+ro)&+ a narro8 c+n3 n 8+c+ +e rece2ed fro'
Professor Barrett one or ot+er of t8o cards1 contann& res$ect2el" t+e
8ords yes and no. T+e E)eston1 ,o "o) +ear 'eW9 8as e2er" t'e
addressed to t+e s)bDect b" Professor Barrett. To ens)re a ne)tral tone1 +e
too3 care (after t+e frst t8el2e trals) not to 3no8 +'self 8+c+ of t+e t8o
cards +e &a2e t+e +"$notst )ntl after t+e res)lt1 8+c+1 accordn& to t+e
8ll t+at +ad been e#erted1 8as et+er t+e ans8er "es19 or slence.
/an" cases are recorded n t+e Soist of t+e nd)cton or n+bton of
$artc)lar actons t+ro)&+ t+e slent 8lln&9 of t+e 'es'erst1
.
t+e s)bDect
ben& &enerall" +"$notsed at t+e t'e. T+ese e#$er'ents 8ere 'ostl" of
t+e t"$e of t+e 8lln& &a'e19 b)t 8t+o)t contact bet8een t+e a&ent and
t+e s)bDect.
;
:nconsco)s ')sc)lar &)dance 8as t+)s +i,KJP- e#cl)ded1 b)t
t+e records are seldo' s)ffcentl" detaled to s+o8 t+at t+e $ossblt" of all
ot+er $+"scal ndcatons 8as e#cl)ded1 and t+o)&+ so'e of t+e obser2ers
(-. (. T+o'$son1 at least1 see Soist, 2ol. 2. $. .?B) 8ere 8ell a8are t+at
+"$noss s often acco'$aned b" +"$erFst+esa1 es$ecall" n reference to
t+e +"$notst1 t+e" +ad not t+e 3no8led&e t+at 8e no8 +a2e of t+e
$ossbltes of s)bconsco)s $erce$ton and nter$retaton1 (tll1 t s
dffc)lt t+)s to e#$lan a8a" all t+e cases of slent 8lln&19 for nstance1
t+ose n 8+c+ t+e s)bDect 8as n a dfferent $lace fro' t+e o$erator (see1
e.g., Soist, 2ol. 2. $$. *;*K;;1 and *<;K<<)1 and 8e can +ardl" do)bt t+at
-. (. T+o'$son +ad real tele$at+c $o8er as 8ell as )n)s)al faclt" as a
+"$notst1
,*1 A . ,fferent obser2ers ta3e dfferent 2e8s of rapport. Bern+e'
and LUbea)lt bele2e t+at a real rapport e#sts bet8een t+e s)bDect and t+e
o$erator1 and t+at t+s follo8s as a nat)ral conseE)ence fro' t+e 'et+ods
e'$lo"ed n nd)cn& +"$noss. On t+e ot+er +and1 accordn& to Brad1 t
8as $ossble to create b" s)&&eston an artfcal state n 8+c+ t+e s)bDects
a$$eared to be en rapport onl" 8t+ t+e o$erator1 b)t t+s condton 8as
onl" a$$arent1 not real. T+e s)bDects reall" +eard t+e s)&&estons of ot+ers1
t+o)&+ s$ecal artfces '&+t be reE)red to 'a3e t+e' res$ond to t+e'.
,r. Bra'8ell sa"s (see 6+at s -"$nots'W9 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.
$. ..@)J
/" o8n obser2atons n reference to rapport +a2e led 'e to concl)sons
s'lar to t+ose of Brad1 2N.J *. T+at rapport does not a$$ear )nless t +as
been drectl" or ndrectl" s)&&ested. .. T+at t+e condton s al8a"s an
a$$arent1 and ne2er a real one. It co)ld al8a"s be e#$er'entall" $ro2ed
t+at t+e s)bDects act)all" +ad been co&nsant of 8+at +ad been sad and done
b" ot+ers 8+o +ad not been $laced en rapport 8t+ t+e'. In t+ose 8+o dd
not 3no8 8+at 8as e#$ected of t+e'1 and to 8+o' net+er drect nor
ndrect s)&&estons of rapport 8ere 'ade1 t+s condton dd not a$$ear. On
t+e contrar"1 t+e" +eard and obe"ed an" one 8+o '&+t address t+e'.
/oll1 n *er 7apport in der 'ypnose, $)bls+ed n *A@.1 co'es
$ractcall" to t+e sa'e concl)son as Brad n re&ard to rapport, 2N.J t+at t
s ca)sed b" drect or ndrect s)&&estons of t+e o$erator1 or b" selfC
s)&&estons 8+c+ res)lt fro' t+e s)bDect5s conce$ton of t+e nat)re of t+e
+"$notc state.
,*1 B . E#$er'ents n co'')nt" of sensaton9 8ere 'ade b" t+e
Co''ttee on /es'ers'9 of t+e (.P.R. frst n *AA;. T+e frst seres (see
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. ..<K.=) 8ere carred o)t 8t+ a bo" na'ed
6ells1 8+o 8as blndfolded and +"$notsed b" /r. G. %. ('t+. O)t of
t8ent"Cfo)r e#$er'ents n t+e transference of $ans1 t+e e#act s$ot 8as
correctl" ndcated b" t+e s)bDect t8ent" t'es.
8ll n an" 8a" dominates t+e ot+er 8ll1 or t+at +e s)cceeds b" s)$eror
Hstren&t+ of 8llI n an" ordnar" sense. It s stll $r'arl" an image, not an"
for' of force1 t+at s con2e"edb)t an 'a&e of movement, .e. an 'a&e
8+ose ner2o)s correlate n t+e bran s n nt'ate connecton 8t+ 'otorC
centresG and t+e ')sc)lar effect s t+)s e2o3ed 8+le t+e s)bDect re'ans a
sort of s$ectator of +s o8n cond)ct.9
+i,KJG-
On (e$te'ber *>t+1 *AA;1 G)rne" 'ade f)rt+er e#$er'ents n t+e
transference of $ans and tastes 8t+ anot+er s)bDect1 Con8a". -s acco)nt
of t+e' s as follo8s (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. *=).
Con8a" sat 8t+ +s e"es closed1 n a tolerabl" dee$ trance. /r. ('t+
and I stood be+nd +'1 8t+o)t contact1 and /r. ('t+ $reser2ed absol)te
slence. I fro' t'e to t'e as3ed Con8a" 8+et+er +e felt an"t+n&1 b)t of
co)rse &a2e no &)dn& +nt or ndcaton of 8+et+er +e 8as r&+t or 8ron&.
I $nc+ed /r. ('t+5s r&+t )$$er ar'. Con8a" at once s+o8ed s&ns of
$an1 r)bbed +s r&+t +and1 t+en $assed +s left +and )$ to +s r&+t
s+o)lder1 and fnall" localsed t+e e#act s$ot.
I slentl" c+an&ed to /r. ('t+5s e$t ar'. In a 2er" fe8 seconds
Con8a"5s r&+t +and fle8 to t+e corres$ondn& $lace on +s o8n left ar'1
and +e r)bbed t1 )ttern& stron& co'$lants.
I n$$ed t+e lobe of /r. ('t+5s r&+t ear. Con8a" frst r)bbed t+e r&+t
sde of +s nec3 close to +s earG +e t+en co'$laned of +s r&+t le&1 and
)sed t+reats. I t+en &a2e a se2ere n$ to +s o#n r&+t ear1 and +e 'ade no
s&n of an" sort. -e t+en r)bbed close to t+e left ear1 and fnall" localsed
t+e s$ot on t+at ear e#actl" corres$ondn& to t+e $lace to)c+ed on /r.
('t+5s r&+t ear.
I no8 $nc+ed t+e r&+t sde of /r. ('t+5s r&+t t+&+. Con8a"1 8t+o)t
rece2n& an" +nt t+at +e 8as e#$ected to feel an"t+n&1 ''edatel" be&an
to r)b t+e corres$ondn& $art of +s e$t le&.
/r. ('t+ no8 $)t a s)ccesson of s)bstances nto +s 'o)t+1 accordn&
to '" ndcatons1 stll 3ee$n& be+nd Con8a"1 and $reser2n& total slence.
I 3e$t Con8a"5s attenton al2e b" as3n& +' fro' t'e to t'e 8+at t+e
taste 8as l3e1 b)t &a2e not t+e fantest &)dance1 e#ce$t n t+e sn&le case of
clo2es1 8+ento see f Con8a" 8o)ld ta3e a +ntI as3ed f t tasted l3e
s$ce1 and +e sad t dd not.
2ustard.(o'et+n& btter.9 It5s rat+er 8ar'.9
Coves.(o'e sort of fr)t.9 /#ed 8t+ s$rts of 8ne.9 !ot l3e
s$ce.9 Tastes 8ar'.9
)itter Aoes.!ot nce.9 Btter and +ot.9 (ort of +ars+ness.9 !ot
s8eet.9 (I +ad s)&&ested t+at t 8as s8eet.) !ot nce.9 4r&+tf)l st)ff.9
-)rt "o)r t+roat 8+en "o) s8allo8 t.9 Btterness and saltness abo)t t.9
Sugar.It5s &ettn& better.9 (8eets+ taste.9 (8eet.9 (o'et+n&
a$$roac+n& s)&ar.9
&o#dered Aum.4lls "o)r 'o)t+ 8t+ 8ater.9 Preco)s +ot.9
(o'e st)ff fro' a c+e'st5s s+o$1 t+at t+e" $)t n 'edcne.9 Lea2es a
brac3s+ taste.9 /a3es "o)r 'o)t+ 8ater.9 (o'et+n& after t+e st"le of
al)'.9
Cayenne &epper. Con8a" s+o8ed stron& s&ns of dstress. O+Z "o)
call t &ood1 do "o)W9 O+Z &2e )s so'et+n& to rnse t+at do8n.9 ,ra8s
"o)r 'o)t+ all 'anner of s+a$es.9 Btter and acd1 fr&+tf)l.9 Yo)52e &ot
so'e Ca"enne do8n '" t+roat1 I 3no8.9 Rene8ed s&ns of $an and
entreates for 8ater.
T+e s)bDect 8as no8 8a3ed. -e ''edatel" sad1 6+at5s t+s I52e &ot
n '" 'o)t+W9 (o'et+n& $reco)s +ot.9 (o'et+n& ')c+ +otter t+an
&n&er.9 Pe$$er and &n&er.9
4)rt+er e#$er'ents of t+e sa'e 3nd 8t+ t+e sa'e s)bDect1 'ade b"
G)rne" and ,r. %. T. /"ers1 are recorded n &roceedings, 2ol. . $$. .>?K
.>B.
+i,KJH-
,*1 C . /r. /. G)t+re1 8+ose e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference 8t+
$ersons n a nor'al 8a3n& condton are &2en n '30 B 1 fo)nd t+at
co'')nt" of sensaton9 so'et'es e#sted bet8een $ersons n a nor'al
state1 +e ben& t+e frst to obser2e t+s n t+e case of taste. In so'e of +s
e#$er'ents t+e tasters 8ere +'self1 G)rne"1 and t+e $resent 8rter1 and
t+e $erc$ents 8ere +s t8o $rnc$al s)bDects1 /ss Rel$+ and /ss
Ed8ards. I E)ote $art of t+e re$ort 'ade at t+e t'e fro' &hantasms o$ the
.iving, 2ol. . $$. ?.K?<.
T+e taste to be dscerned 8as 3no8n onl" to one or 'ore of t+e t+ree
act)al e#$er'enters1 and t+e sensatons e#$erenced 8ere 2erball"
descrbed b" t+e s)bDects (not 8rtten do8n)1 so t+at all dan&er of
n2ol)ntar" ')sc)lar &)dance 8as el'nated.
% selecton of abo)t t8ent" stron&l"Ctastn& s)bstances 8as 'ade.
T+ese s)bstances 8ere enclosed n s'all bottles and s'all $arcels1 $recsel"
s'lar to one anot+er1 and 3e$t caref)ll" o)t of t+e ran&e of 2son of t+e
s)bDects1 8+o 8ere1 'oreo2er1 blndfolded1 so t+at no &r'aces 'ade b" t+e
tasters co)ld be seen. T+e s)bDects1 n fact1 +ad no 'eans 8+ate2er of
3no8n&1 t+ro)&+ t+e sense of s&+t1 8+at 8as t+e s)bstance tasted.
Sme +ad to be &)arded a&anst 8t+ stll &reater care. 6+en t+e
s)bstance 8as odorfero)s t+e $ac3et or bottle 8as o$ened o)tsde t+e roo'1
or at s)c+ a dstance and so ca)to)sl" as to $re2ent an" sensble s'ell fro'
esca$n&. T+e e#$er'ents1 'oreo2er1 8ere cond)cted n t+e close 2cnt"
of a 2er" lar&e 3tc+en1 fro' 8+ence a stron& odo)r of beefstea3 and onons
$roceeded d)rn& al'ost all t+e t'e occ)$ed. T+e tasters too3 $ans to
3ee$ t+er +eads +&+ abo2e t+e s)bDects1 and to a2od breat+n& 8t+ o$en
'o)t+. One s)bstance (coffee) tred 8as fo)nd to &2e off a sl&+t s'ell1 n
s$te of all $reca)tons1 and an e#$er'ent 'ade 8t+ t+s +as been o'tted.
T+e tasters 8ere /r. G)t+re (/. G.)1 /r. G)rne" (E. G.)1 and /r.
/"ers (/.). T+e $erc$ents 'a" be called R. and E. T+e tasters l&+tl"
$laced a +and on one of t+e s+o)lders or +ands of t+e $erc$entst+ere not
ben& t+e sa'e obDecton to contact n trals of t+s t"$e as 8+ere lnes and
f&)res are concerned1 and t+e s)bDects t+e'sel2es see'n& to +a2e so'e
fat+ n t. ,)rn& t+e frst e#$er'ents ((e$te'ber ;rd and <t+) L*AA;M t+ere
8ere one or t8o ot+er $ersons n t+e roo'1 8+o1 +o8e2er1 8ere 3e$t
entrel" &norant of t+e s)bstance tasted. ,)rn& t+e e#$er'ents slence
8as $reser2ed. T+e last ffteen of t+e' ((e$te'ber ?t+) 8ere 'ade 8+en
onl" /. G.1 E. G.1and /.1 8t+ t+e t8o $erc$ents1 8ere $resent. On t+s
e2enn& E. 8as1 )nfort)natel"1 s)ffern& fro' sore t+roat1 8+c+ see'ed to
bl)nt +er s)sce$tblt". On t+s occason none of t+e s)bstances 8ere
allo8ed e2en to enter t+e roo' 8+ere t+e $erc$ents 8ere. T+e" 8ere 3e$t
n a dar3 lobb" o)tsde1 and ta3en b" t+e n2est&ators at rando'1 so t+at
often one n2est&ator dd not e2en 3no8 8+at t+e ot+er too3. (tll less
co)ld an" s$" +a2e dscerned 8+at 8as c+osen1 +ad s)c+ s$" been t+ere1
8+c+ +e certanl" 8as not.
:nder t+ese condtons t+rt"Ct8o e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade1 8+c+ are
descrbed n detal. In nne cases t+e $erc$ents na'ed t+e act)al s)bstance
)sed1 and n f2e ot+er cases descrbed t+e taste 8t+ far acc)rac" (e.g. a
s+ar$ and nast" taste9 for 2ne&ar1 +orrble and btter9 for btter aloes1
so'et+n& s8eet and +ot9 for canded &n&er). Ot+er +i,KJI- e#$er'ents
of t+e sa'e 3nd 8ere tred later (op. cit. $$. ??K?A). (ee also &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. <.<K?.1 for e#$er'ents b" /r. G)t+re n t+e
transference of sensatons of 'an" dfferent 3ndsG so'e of t+ose relatn& to
pains are E)oted n '30 B.
4or ot+er e#$er'ents 8t+ +"$notsed s)bDects n t+e transference of
sensatons b" 'an" dfferent obser2ers1 see &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. .
$$. ;.<K.@1 ;;AK<?1 BBBKBA. (o'e of t+ese are E)oted fro' t+e earl"
'es'ersts,r. Esdale1 t+e Re2. C. -. To8ns+end1 Professor Gre&or"1
and ,r. Ellotson.
,*( A . T+e follo8n& case s E)oted fro' /rs. (d&8c35s $a$er On
t+e E2dence for Clar2o"ance9 n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;>K@@. It
s one of a &ro)$ of fo)r cases &2en b" /rs. (d&8c31 8+c+ 8ere
obser2ed b" /r. %. 6. ,obbe1 of Ga8ler Place1 %delade1 (o)t+ %)strala1
8t+ 2aro)s +"$notc s)bDects of +s o8n. /r. ,obbe +ad at t+at t'e
$ractsed +"$nots' for ten or t8el2e "ears1 c+efl" 8t+ a 2e8 to
alle2atn& s)ffern&1 and o)t of so'e f2e +)ndred s)bDects1 +ad co'e
across a fe8 8+o see'ed ca$able of clar2o"ance. /rs. (d&8c3 'ade +s
acE)antance and tal3ed o2er +s cases 8t+ +' d)rn& a 2st of +s to
En&land n *AA@. T+e acco)nt E)oted +ere s a co$"1 /r. ,obbe nfor'ed
)s1 of t+e notes +e 8rote do8n t+e 'o'ent t+e 8ords 8ere )ttered.9
1uy <th, *AAB.
(tr3n& case of clar2o"ance1 8+c+ occ)rred /a" .At+1 *AAB1 n t+e
$resence of t+e -on. ,r. Ca'$bell1 /. L. C.1 -on. ,a2d /)rra"1 /. L. C.1
and C+ef (ecretar" of (o)t+ %)strala1 /r. L"all1 and /r. 4le'n&1
solctorJ
T+e crc)'stances are brefl" as follo8s1 2N.J ,r. Ca'$bell1 ben&
$resent at one of '" )s)al clar2o"ant e2enn&s1 +anded 'e a &old slee2eC
ln31 at t+e sa'e t'e telln& 'e t+at +e +ad lost t+e fello8 one to t1 b)t +ad
no dea as to 8+at +ad beco'e of tG +e as3ed 'e to &2e t+e re'ann& one
to one of '" clar2o"ants1 and see f t+e" co)ld fnd t+e 'ssn& one. I
s+o)ld state t+at net+er of t+e clar2o"ants +ad e2er seen et+er of t+e
roo's t+e" referred to1 nor dd t+e" 3no8 t+e na'es of t+e c+ldren1 or
an"t+n& n connecton 8t+ t+s case1 so t+at t s et+er a case of &en)ne
clar2o"ance or else a 'ost re'ar3able case of t+o)&+tCreadn&.
I frst +anded t+e slee2eCln3 to t+e "o)n&er of t+e t8o ssters L/sses
ElNa and /art+a ,#onM1 8+o s not so l)cd as +er sster (I 8as &2n& t+e
elder one a rest1 as s+e +ad been +ard at 8or31 clar2o"antl"1 for t+e $ast
+o)r).
/ss /art+a be&an b" frst acc)ratel" descrbn& ,r. Ca'$bell5s
feat)res1 t+en s$o3e of a lttle farC+ared bo" 8+o +ad a st)d1 or slee2eCln31
n +s +and1 also of a lad" calln& +' !el9G t+en sad t+at t+s lttle bo"
+ad ta3en t+e ln3 nto a $lace l3e a n)rser" 8+ere t+ere 8ere so'e to"s1
es$ecall" a lar&e to" ele$+ant1 and t+at +e +ad dro$$ed t+e ln3 nto t+s
ele$+ant t+ro)&+ a +ole 8+c+ +ad been torn or 3noc3ed n t+e breastG also
t+at +e +ad ta3en t o)t a&an1 and &a2e t8o or t+ree ot+er nterestn&
$artc)lars. 6e 8ere rel)ctantl" co'$elled to $ost$one f)rt+er n2est&aton
)ntl t8o or t+ree e2enn&s after8ards.
On t+e ne#t occason (n t+e nter2al1 +o8e2er1 t+e 'ssn& slee2eCln3
+ad been fo)nd1 b)t left )nto)c+ed)1 I a&an $laced t+e ln3 n +er +and1 and
t+e +i,KJJ- $re2o)s $artc)lars 8ere at once re$rod)cedG b)t as s+e see'ed
to be &ettn& on 2er" slo8l"1 t occ)rred to ,r. Ca'$bell to s)&&est $lacn&
+s +and on t+at of t+e clar2o"ant1 so I $laced +' en rapport and allo8ed
+' to do so1 +e s'$l" to)c+n& t+e bac3 of +er +and 8t+ t+e $onts of +s
fn&ers. %s s+e stll see'ed to +a2e &reat dffc)lt" (s+e s al8a"s ')c+
slo8er t+an +er sster) n $roceedn&1 t s)ddenl" occ)rred to 'e t+at t
8o)ld be an nterestn& e#$er'ent to $lace /ss ElNa ,#on en rapport
8t+ /ss /art+a1 so I s'$l" Doned t+er dsen&a&ed +ands1 and /ss ElNa
''edatel" co''enced as follo8s1 2N.J
I5' n a +o)se1 )$stars1 I 8as n a bat+roo'1 t+en I 8ent nto anot+er
roo' nearl" o$$oste1 t+ere s a lar&e 'rror D)st nsde t+e door on t+e left
+and1 t+ere s a do)bleCsNed dressn&Ctable 8t+ dra8ers do8n eac+ sde of
t1 t+e slee2eCln3 s n t+e corner of t+e dra8er nearest t+e door. 6+en t+e"
fo)nd t t+e" left t t+ere. I 3no8 8+" t+e" left t t+ere1 t 8as beca)se t+e"
8anted to see f 8e 8o)ld fnd t. I can see a nce eas" c+ar t+ere1 t s an
old one1 I 8o)ld l3e t 8+en I a' $)t to slee$1 beca)se t s nce and lo8.
T+e bed +as c)rtans1 t+e" are a sort of bro8ns+ net and +a2e a frn&e of
dar3er bro8n. T+e 8all $a$er s of a l&+t bl)e colo)r. T+ere s a cane
lo)n&e t+ere and a $rett" 7a$anese screen be+nd t1 t+e screen folds )$.
T+ere s a $ortrat of an old &entle'an o2er t+e 'antel$ece1 +e s dead1 I
3ne8 +' 8+en +e 8as al2e1 +s na'e s t+e sa'e as t+e &entle'an 8+o
acts as Go2ernor 8+en t+e Go2ernor s absent fro' t+e colon"1
*
I 8ll tell
"o) +s na'e drectl"t s t+e Re2. /r. 6a". It 8as a lttle bo" 8+o $)t
t+e slee2eCln3 n t+at dra8er1 +e s 2er" far1 +s +ar s al'ost 8+te1 +e s a
$rett" lttle bo"1 +e +as bl)e e"es1 and abo)t t+ree "ears old. T+e ln3 +ad
been left on t+at table1 t+e lttle bo" 8as n t+e n)rser"1 and +e 8ent nto t+e
bedroo' after t+e &entle'an +ad left. I can see 8+o t+e &entle'an s1 t s
,r. Ca'$bell. ,oesn5t t+at lttle bo" loo3 a "o)n& T)r31 t+e ln3 s E)te a
+andf)l for +s lttle +and1 +e s r)nnn& abo)t 8t+ t 2er" $leasedG b)t +e
doesn5t see' to 3no8 8+at to do 8t+ t.9 (%) L,r. Ca'$bell 8as not
$resent fro' t+s $ont.M
!o8 I can +ear so'e one calln& )$ t+e stars1 a lad" s calln& t8o
na'es1 Coln s one and !el s t+e ot+er1 t+e ot+er bo" s abo)t f2e "ears
old and s dar3er t+an t+e ot+er. T+e eldest1 Coln1 s &on& do8nstars no81
+e s &one nto 8+at loo3s l3e a dnn&Croo'1 t+e lad" sa"s1 H6+ere s
!elWI H:$stars1 'a.I HGo and tell +' to co'e do8n at once.I T+e lttle
farC+ared bo" +ad $)t t+e ln3 do8nG b)t 8+en +e +eard +s brot+er co'n&
)$ +e $c3ed t )$ a&an. Coln sa"s1 H!el1 "o) are to co'e do8n at once.I
HI 8on5t1I sa"s !el. HYo)5re a &oose1I re$les Coln1 and +e t)rned and 8ent
do8n 8t+o)t !el. 6+at a "o)n& 'on3e"Z no8 +e +as &one nto t+e
n)rser" and $)t t+e ln3 nto a lar&e to" ele$+ant1 +e $)t t t+ro)&+ a +ole n
front1 8+c+ s bro3en. -e +as &one do8nstars no81 I s)$$ose +e t+n3s t
s safe t+ere.
!o8 t+at &entle'an +as co'e nto t+e roo' a&an and +e 8ants t+at
ln3G +e s loo3n& all abo)t for t1 +e t+n3s t '&+t be 3noc3ed do8nG t+e
lad" s t+ere no8 too1 and t+e" are bot+ loo3n& for t. T+e lad" sa"s1 H%re
"o) s)re "o) $)t t t+ereWI T+e &entle'an sa"s1 HYes.I
!o8 t see's l3e ne#t da"1 t+e ser2ant s t)rnn& t+e car$et )$ and
loo3n& all abo)t for tG b)t can5t fnd t.
T+e &entle'an s as3n& t+at "o)n& T)r3 f +e +as seen t1 +e 3no8s
t+at +i,KJK- +e s fond of $rett" t+n&s. T+e lttle bo" sa"s H!o.I -e see's to
t+n3 t s fne f)n to ser2e +s fat+er l3e t+at.
!o8 t see's to be anot+er da"1 and t+e lttle bo" s n t+e n)rser"
a&an1 +e +as ta3en t+e ln3 o)t of t+e ele$+ant1 no8 +e +as dro$$ed t nto
t+at dra8er1 t+at s all I +a2e to tell "o) abo)t t1 I told "o) t+e rest before.9
1uy *?th, *AAB.
(nce 8rtn& t+e abo2e $a&es I +a2e +anded t+e' to ,r. Ca'$bell for
$er)sal1 so t+at +e '&+t c+ec3 t+e acco)nt and ratf" t or ot+er8se1 and
after &on& caref)ll" t+ro)&+ t +e +as ret)rned t to 'e1 acco'$aned b" a
co'$lete ratfcaton n 8rtn&1 8+c+ I +ere8t+ enclose.
%. 6. ,OBBIE.
2emo, by *r. Campbe.
%,EL%I,E1 1uy @th1 *AAB.
%t t+e $ont (%) t+e sUance 8as dscontn)ed tll t+e ne#t sttn&1 8+en I
8as absent. T+e con2ersaton re$orted as $assn& bet8een t+e c+ldren s
correct. T+e descr$ton of t+e roo' s acc)rate n e2er" $ont. T+e $ortrat
s t+at of t+e late Re2. 7a'es 6a". T+e descr$ton of t+e c+ldren and t+er
na'es are tr)e. T+e fact t+at t+e ln3 8as dsco2ered n t+e dra8er1 n t+e
nter2al bet8een one sttn& and t+e fnal one1 and t+at t+e ln3 8as left
t+ere1 $endn& t+e dsco2er" of t b" t+e clar2o"ant1 s also correct1 as t+s
8as '" s)&&eston to /rs. Ca'$bell 8+en s+e s+o8ed t to 'e n t+e
corner of t+e dra8er. In fact1 e2er" crc)'stance re$orted s absol)tel"
correct. I 3no81 f)rt+er1 t+at net+er of t+e clar2o"ants +as e2er been nsde
of '" door. /" c+ldren are )tterl" )n3no8n to t+e'1 et+er n a$$earance
or b" na'e. I 'a" sa" also t+at t+e" +ad no 3no8led&e of '" ntenton to
$lace t+e ln3 n t+er $ossesson1 or e2en of '" $resence at t+e sUance1 as
t+e" 8ere bot+ on eac+ occason n t+e 'es'erc slee$ 8+en I arr2ed.
%LL%! C%/PBELL.
LIn a later letter1 dated ,ece'ber *Bt+1 *AA=1 ,r. Ca'$bell 8rtesJM
,E%R /R. ,OBBIE1Yo)r London corres$ondent as3s f I +ad an"
3no8led&e of t+e con2ersaton t+at t+e clar2o"ant stated +ad $assed
bet8een t+e c+ldren. I +ad no 3no8led&e 8+ate2er of t+s con2ersaton1 nor
t+e crc)'stances attendn& t1 )ntl s+e re$eated t. It 8as s)bseE)entl"
confr'ed to 'e n $art b" /rs. Ca'$bell1 s)c+ $art as s+e +erself s
re$orted to +a2e ta3en n t+e tablea).
6t+ res$ect to t+e lar&e to" ele$+ant1 I certanl" 3ne8 of ts e#stence1
b)t 8as not t+n3n& of t at t+e t'e t+e clar2o"ant 8as s$ea3n&. I dd not
3no8 e2en b" s)s$con t+at t+e ele$+ant 8as so ')tlated as to +a2e a lar&e
o$enn& n ts c+est1 and on co'n& +o'e +ad to e#a'ne t+e to" to see
8+et+er t+e state'ent 8as correct. I need +ardl" sa" t+at t 8as absol)tel"
correct.I a'1 "o)rs sncerel"1
%LL%! C%/PBELL.
L/r. ,obbe tells )s t+at net+er +e nor +s clar2o"ants +ad an"
o$$ort)nt"1 drectl" or ndrectl"1 of 3no8n& an" of t+e $artc)lars bro)&+t
o)t b" t+e clar2o"ant.9 -e after8ards sa8 t+e roo' descrbed1 and sa"s
t+e descr$ton s s'$l" $erfect n e2er" $artc)lar.9
On t+s narrat2e /rs. (d&8c3 co''ents as follo8sJM
T+ere are se2eral note8ort+" $onts abo)t t+s rat+er co'$lcated case.
In t+e frst $lace1 t 8ll be notced t+at t+e &reater $art of t+e nfor'aton
&2en b" t+e clar2o"ants '&+t +a2e been obtaned b" t+o)&+tCtransference
fro' t+e +i,KJL- 'nd of ,r. Ca'$bell1 8+o 8as $resent 'ost of t+e t'e.
It 8o)ld t+en1 at an" rate1 be a 2er" re'ar3able and nterestn& case of
t+o)&+tCtransference1 b)t so far t 8o)ld not be clar2o"ance as 8e +a2e
defned t. 4)rt+er1 a lar&e $ro$orton of t+e state'ents 'adeall abo)t t+e
lttle bo" ta3n&1 +dn&1 and restorn& t+e slee2eCln3are )n2erfable. B)t
t+ere s one '$ortant $ont )n3no8n to ,r. Ca'$bell (so far as +s
consco)s 'e'or"1 at least1 8as concerned) and after8ards $ro2ed tr)e1 and
t+at s t+e e#stence of t+e +ole n t+e front of t+e to" ele$+ant. T+e
ntrod)cton of t+s $ec)lar fact8+c+1 f learnt b" 'ndCreadn&1 ')st1 t
8o)ld see'1 +a2e been learnt fro' t+e c+ld or so'e ot+er $erson E)te
)n3no8n to t+e $erc$ents so re'ar3able t+at t 'a3es t see' 'ore
$robable t+an not t+at t+e +dn& of t+e slee2eCln3 t+ere 8as also a fact. If
so1 t s &reatl" to be re&retted n t+e nterests of scence t+at t+e c+ld e2er
too3 t o)t a&anZ I attac+ less '$ortance1 as e2dence of clar2o"ance1 to
t+e 3no8led&e of t+e con2ersaton of t+e c+ldren t+an to t+at of t+e +ole n
t+e to" ele$+ant1 beca)se t s 'ore t+e 3nd of t+n& t+at '&+t be &)essed.
%not+er notceable $ont n t+s case s t+at so far as t+e clar2o"ants5
re'ar3s relate to t+e actons of t+ose concernedt+e c+ldren1 ,r. and /rs.
Ca'$bell1 t+e ser2antt+e descr$tons are not of t+e $resent1 b)t of t+e
$ast.
%not+er case of /r. ,obbe5s relates to t+e tracn& of a lost &old $enclC
case t+ro)&+ t+e sa'e clar2o"ant (op. cit., $$. BAK=>).
,*( B . T+e Soist, 2ol. 2. $$. @?K*>*1 contans a s'lar case1
co'')ncated b" /r. E. -. Bart+1 of t+e fndn& of a lost brooc+ b" 'eans
of t+e noted clar2o"ant Ellen ,a8son. T+e acco)nt s &2en b" a /rs. /.1
t+e o8ner of t+e brooc+. Ellen ,a8son descrbed a for'er ser2ant of /rs.
/.5s1 8+o s+e sad +ad stolen t+e brooc+1 and sad t+at s+e +ad 3e$t t+e
case1 8t+ so'e da'onds n t1 n +er tr)n31 and sold t+e brooc+ for a 2er"
s'all s)'G t+at t 8as t+en n a $lace l3e a cellar1 8t+ lots of ot+er
$ro$ert"19 sl2er s$oons1 &c.1 and t+at t+e ser2ant +ad 'o2ed fro' t+e $lace
s+e +ad l2ed at 8+en s+e frst left /rs. /. T+s latter $ont 8as fo)nd to be
correct1 and /rs. /. (8+o +ad s)s$ected anot+er of +er ser2ants)1 on t+e
ad2ce of t+e clar2o"ant1 sent for t+e &rl to co'e to +er +o)se1 and ta#ed
+er 8t+ t+e t+eft. 4nall" s+e confessed t+at s+e +ad stolen t+e brooc+ and
$a8ned t1 3ee$n& t+e case and t8o da'ond c+ans 8+c+ 8ere 8orn 8t+
t+e brooc+. %ll t+e $ro$ert" 8as fnall" reco2ered. /rs. /. +ad ne2er seen
Ellen ,a8son before.
Ellen ,a8son +ad been s)bDect to e$le$tc fts as a c+ld1 for 8+c+ s+e
+ad been treated 'es'ercall"1 frst b" t+e Baron ,)$otet1 and after8ards
b" /r. 6. -ands1 8+o1 obser2n& t+at s+e a$$eared to be able to see obDects
8t+o)t t+e )se of +er e"es 8+en n t+e slee$C8a3n& state1 endea2o)red to
c)lt2ate t+e clar2o"ant fac)lt" n +er. (o'e re'ar3able cases of +er
tra2elln& clar2o"ance9 are reco)nted b" +' n t+e Soist, 2ol. . $$. ..BK
;B1 and t+e sa'e n)'ber1 $$. .;BK<*1 contans a f)rt+er acco)nt b" /ss
Bo"le of +er descr$ton of Ro)en Cat+edral1 and ncdents t+at +ad
+a$$ened to /ss Bo"le t+ere1 &c.
,*3 A . T+e lon&est and 'ost '$ortant seres of e#$er'ents n +i,KJM-
t+o)&+tCtransference 8t+ +"$notsed s)bDects carred o)t b" 'e'bers of
t+e (.P.R. are t+ose of Professor and /rs. (d&8c31 descrbed n t+e $a$er
b" t+e' and /r. G. %. ('t+ n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. *.AK=>1
and n t+e $a$er b" /rs. (d&8c3 and /ss %lce 7o+nson n 2ol. 2. $$.
?;BK@B. I &2e bref e#tracts fro' bot+ t+ese $a$ers.
T+e follo8n& s a &eneral descr$ton of t+e frst seres of e#$er'ents1
8+c+ too3 $lace n *AA@J
T+e e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference abo)t to be descrbed +a2e
been carred o)t 8t+ fo)r dfferent $erc$ents 8+le n t+e +"$notc trance1
/r. LG. %.M ('t+1 8+o +"$notsed t+e'1 ben& t+e a&ent. T+e e#$er'ents
8ere )s)all" drected and arran&ed b" /rs. (d&8c31 8+o also too3 t+e
notes 8+c+ for' t+e bass of t+e $resent $a$er. On t8o or t+ree occasons1
+o8e2er1 s+e 8as absent1 and +er $lace 8as ta3en b" Professor (d&8c31
8+o 8as also $resent on 'ost ot+er occasons n 7)l" and %)&)st.
/ost of t+e e#$er'ents 8ere n t+e transference of n)'bers of t8o
d&ts1 /r. ('t+ loo3n& at t+e n)'bers and t+e $erc$ent &)essn& t+e'.
T+e n)'ber of e#$er'ents of t+s nat)re tred 8t+ /r. ('t+ n t+e sa'e
roo' as t+e $erc$ent 8as BB<1 of 8+c+ *;* 8ere s)ccessesG and t+e
n)'ber tred 8t+ /r. ('t+ n anot+er roo' 8as ..A1 of 8+c+ onl" @
8ere s)ccesses. In t+ese n)'bers an e#$er'ent n 8+c+ t8o $erc$ents
8ere at 8or3 at t+e sa'e t'e s co)nted as t8o. B" a s)ccess 8e 'ean t+at
bot+ d&ts are correctl" &2en1 b)t not necessarl" $laced n t+e r&+t order.
Of t+e *;* s)ccesses 8t+ /r. ('t+ n t+e sa'e roo' t+e d&ts 8ere
re2ersed n *<G and of t+e @ s)ccesses 8t+ /r. ('t+ n a dfferent roo' t+e
d&ts 8ere re2ersed n *. 6e +ad no n)'bers abo2e @> a'on& t+ose 8e
)sed. If t+e $erc$ents +ad been a8are of t+s1 t+e $robablt" of t+er
&)essn& t+e r&+t d&ts n t+e r&+t order n one tral b" $)re c+ance 8o)ld
+a2e been * to A*1 and t+e $robablt" of t+er &)essn& t+e r&+t d&ts n
an" order +alf t+at. B)t1 as at dfferent t'es t+e" &)essed all t+e n)'bers
bet8een @> and *>>1 8e bele2e t+at t+e" 8ere not a8are t+at o)r seres
sto$$ed at @>1 n 8+c+ case t+er c+ance of ben& r&+t n a sn&le &)ess
8as * to @>. !o one 8ll s)$$ose1 t+erefore1 t+at **= co'$lete s)ccesses n
BB< &)esses 8as t+e res)lt of c+ance. Good da"s and bad da"s al3e are
ncl)ded n t+e n)'bers &2en1 t+o)&+1 as 8ll be seen n t+e seE)el1 on
so'e da"s no s)ccess at all 8as obtaned. It 8as clear t+at t+e $o8er of
d2nn& t+e n)'bers 8as e#ceedn&l" 2arable1 b)t 8+et+er t+e dfference
8as n t+e a&ent or t+e $erc$ent1 or on 8+at crc)'stances t de$ended1 8e
+a2e so far been )nable to dsco2er.
E&+t $ersons1 at least1 besdes /r. ('t+1 tred to act as a&ents1 b)t
et+er faled to +"$notse t+e $erc$ents or to transfer an" '$resson. !or
dd ot+ers s)cceed n transferrn& '$ressons 8+en t+e +"$notc state +ad
been nd)ced b" /r. ('t+. /r. ('t+ +'self dd not s)cceed e#ce$t 8+en
t+e $erc$ents 8ere +"$notsed.
LT+e acco)nt1 8rtten at t+e t'e1 of t+e frst da"5s e#$er'ents 8t+
eac+ of t+e fo)r $erc$ents/r. 6.1 /r. T.1 /r. P.1 and /ss B.s ne#t
&2en. T+e n)'bers )sed 8ere all t+ose fro' *> to @> ncl)s2eG eac+
n)'ber 8as dra8n at rando' fro' a ba&1 and $laced n a lttle bo# 8+c+
/r. ('t+ +eld n +s +and 8t+ ts bac3 to8ards t+e s)bDect1 8+o sat facn&
+' 8t+ closed e"es. It 8as ascertaned b" e#$er'ent t+at t+e s)bDect
8o)ld +a2e +ad +i,KJN- to 'o2e +s +ead se2eral feet to see t+e n)'ber. -e
8as onl" told t+at +e 8as to see n)'bers of t8o f&)res.
%ll t+e e#$er'ents are &2en n order n a tab)lated for'1 ncl)dn& n
eac+ case t+e n)'ber dra8n1 t+e n)'ber &)essed1 and t+e condtons. T+e
follo8n& s a s)''ar" of t+e trals 8t+ P. and T.J
Perc$ent.
G)ess
co'$le
tel"
R&+t.
,&ts
R&+t1
b)t n
Re2erse
Order.
One
,&t
R&+t n
R&+t
Place.
6ro
n&.
Total
n)'ber
of Trals.
6t+ /r. (. n
sa'e roo'
P
B@ *> A* *@< ;?<

T
;> < B* *BA .B;
Total @@ *< *<. ;B. B*=
/ost $robable
n)'ber of
s)ccesses b" c+ance.
A
Y *>B Y Y
6t+ /r. (. n
anot+er roo'
P
= * *= **< *;@
/ost $robable
n)'ber of
s)ccesses b" c+ance.
.
Y .= Y Y
Of t+e *;@ trals 8t+ /r. ('t+ n anot+er roo'19 t+ere 8ere ?. n
8+c+ t+e t8o roo's 8ere onl" se$arated b" a c)rtanG ; of t+e co'$lete
s)ccesses 8ere obtaned )nder t+ese condtons. In t+e ot+er A= trals /r.
('t+ (acco'$aned b" one of t+e ot+er e#$er'enters) 8as n t+e $assa&e
o)tsde1 8t+ t+e door closed1 or n a roo' belo8. 6t+ T. =@ trals 8ere
'ade 8t+ /r. ('t+ n anot+er roo'1 b)t t+e s)ccess obtaned 8as not
be"ond 8+at '&+t be e#$ected b" c+ance.
T+e nat)re of t+e $erc$ents5 '$ressons and ot+er co&nate $onts are
f)ll" dsc)ssed n t+e $a$er. % detaled dsc)sson s also &2en as to +o8
far t+e condtons 8ere adeE)ate to $re2ent t+e '$ressons reac+n& t+e
$erc$ents t+ro)&+ an" of t+e ordnar" c+annels of sense. T+e E)eston of
t+e $ossblt" of )nconsco)s 8+s$ern& or co)ntn& b" t+e a&ent s f)ll"
dealt 8t+1 and an anal"ss s &2en of all t+e 8ron& &)esses1 n order to test
8+et+er t+e 'sta3es are s)c+ as co)ld +a2e been $rod)ced b" t+s 'eans.
T+e concl)son s reac+ed t+at t+e 'sta3es co)ld not be t+)s acco)nted
for.
*
T+e E)eston of t+e bearn& of n)'berC+abts9 on t+ese e#$er'ents s
also dsc)ssed. On t+s s)bDect1 see t+e !ote on !)'berC+abts19 n '30 A.
+i,KJO-
T+e e#$er'ents 8ere contn)ed at nter2als d)rn& *A@> and *A@* b"
/rs. (d&8c31 asssted b" /ss %lce 7o+nson1 /r. G. %. ('t+ ben& t+e
+"$notser1 and t+e $rnc$al s)bDects ben& P.1 T.1 and /ss B. T+e
e#$er'ents 8ere all 'ade at Br&+ton1 so'e n /r. ('t+5s roo's1 and
so'e n /rs. (d&8c35s lod&n&s.
T+ree dfferent 3nds of e#$er'ents 8ere 'adeJ (*) n transferrn&
n)'bers of t8o d&tsG (.) n transferrn& deas ot+er t+an n)'bersG (;) n
$rod)cn& local anFst+esa and r&dt" b" 'ental s)&&eston
*
T+e frst 3nd of e#$er'ents afforded '$ortant confr'aton of t+e
earler seres1 n t+at s)ccess 8as obtaned #ith agent and percipient in
di$$erent rooms, no one n t+e sa'e roo' 8t+ t+e $erc$ent 3no8n& 8+at
t+e n)'bers to be &)essed 8ere. % f)ll descr$ton1 8t+ a $lan1 s &2en of
/r. ('t+5s roo's (one of t+e arc+es9 on t+e beac+ at Br&+ton)1 n 8+c+
'ost of t+e e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade. T+e arc+ contaned t8o floors1 t+e
)$$er entrel" occ)$ed b" a sttn&Croo'1 and t+e lo8er consstn& of a
lttle lobb" and t8o s'all roo's. T+e frst condtons of t+e e2enn&5s
e#$er'ents 8t+ /ss B. are descrbed as follo8sJ
T+e $ersons $resent 8ere /ss B.1 Professor Barrett1 /r. ('t+1 /rs.
(d&8c31 /ss 7o+nson1 and T.G b)t T.1 8t+ 8+o' 8e +ad been
e#$er'entn&1 8as +"$notsed1 and not attendn& to 8+at 8as &on& on.
/r. ('t+ +"$notsed /ss B. and tred t+ree n)'bers 8+le n t+e roo'
8t+ +er and s$ea3n& to +er. T+ere 8as so'e s)ccess 8t+ t+ese1 and t+en
/r. ('t+ and /ss 7o+nson 8ent do8nstars to t+e lobb". /ss 7o+nson
dre8 a n)'ber at rando' o)t of a ba& contann& all t+e n)'bers fro' *> to
@>1 and +anded t to /r. ('t+1 8+o t+en tred to co'')ncate t 'entall"
to /ss B. % lttle bell or &on& 8as r)n& )$stars b" /rs. (d&8c3 as soon
as a &)ess +ad been 'ade1 and a&an 8+en t+e $art" )$stars 8ere read" to
be&n anot+er. %s t+e bell 8as r)n& /rs. (d&8c31 8+o +ad $re2o)sl"
been $)t en rapport 8t+ /ss B.1 sad1 T+ere5s anot+er1 /ss B.19 or 8ords
to t+at effectG and /ss B. be&an to loo3 o)t for an '$resson1 8+c+
)s)all" ca'e to +er n a 2s)al for'. /rs. (d&8c3 noted do8n +er &)esses
and re'ar3s1 8+le /ss 7o+nson noted t+e n)'bers t+at s+e dre8 fro' t+e
ba&1 and at nter2als 8e co'$ared notes.Y It s +ardl" necessar" to sa" t+at1
as /rs. (d&8c3 8as +erself 8+oll" &norant of t+e n)'ber1 t 8as
'$ossble for +er re'ar3s to &2e an" ndcatons to /ss B.
LT+e nat)re and de2elo$'ent of t+e $erc$ents5 '$ressons are f)ll"
dsc)ssed. /ss B.5s '$ressons 8ere 'ostl" 2s)al1 and &enerall" see'ed
to de2elo$ &rad)all". (o'et'es +er e"es 8ere o$ened1 and s+e 8as 'ade
to see t+e n)'ber as a +all)cnaton on a $ece of $a$er. T+e n)'ber t+en
so'et'es a$$eared n a fra&'entar" 8a"1 and 8as lable to a$$ear and
dsa$$ear. On one occason t 8as s)&&ested s)ccessf)ll" t+at t+e
$erc$ents s+o)ld hear t+e n)'bers re$eated nstead of seeing t+e'.
In fort"Cf2e o)t of t+e se2ent"Cone e#$er'ents 'ade n /rs.
(d&8c35s lod&n&s (t+e t+rd secton of t+e table &2en on $. ??>)1 t+e
n)'bers 8ere &)essed b" 'eans of tableCtltn&1 /ss B. n fort"Cone cases
ben& n a nor'al condton at t+e t'e1 and tltn& o)t t+e n)'bers
a$$arentl" E)te a)to'atcall". In fo)r +i,KKP- cases1 ben& +"$notsed1 s+e
tlted o)t t+e n)'bers 8t+ t+e table1 and at t+e sa'e t'e 'ade 2erbal
&)esses1 8+c+ 8ere di$$erent fro' t+ose 'ade t+ro)&+ t+e table. T+e sa'e
'et+od 8as )sed occasonall" 8t+ P. and T.1 and on one e2enn& t+e
$erc$ents 8ere 'ade to &)ess t+e n)'bers bot+ 2erball" and b"
$lanc+etteC8rtn&. % detaled co'$arson of t+e 2erbal &)esses 8t+ t+ose
'ade )nconsco)sl" at t+e sa'e t'e s &2en on $$. ??>K?. of t+e $a$er.
T+e t8o &)esses 8ere n 'ost cases dfferent. !o 'ore s)ccess 8as
obtaned 8t+ t+ese a)to'atc 'et+ods t+an b" &)essn& n t+e ordnar"
8a".
% table s &2en of t+e e#$er'ents of eac+ da"1 8t+ /ss B. as
$erc$ent1 n &)essn& n)'bers of t8o d&ts1 t+e a&ent1 /r. ('t+1 ben& n
a dfferent roo'. I s)''arse t+s table as follo8sJ
G)ess
co'$le
tel"
R&+t.
,&ts
Re2erse
d.
4rst
,&t
onl"
R&+
t.
(econ
d
,&t
onl"
R&+t.
6ro
n&.
Total
!)'b
er
of
Trals
.
(*) Placet+e %rc+.
Perc$ent )$starsG a&ent
do8nstars
.>
? ?B ** ?B *<A
(.) Placet+e %rc+.
Perc$ent do8nstarsG
a&ent )$stars
Y
Y = < .. ;;
(;) Place/rs. = ; .; A ;> =*
(d&8c35s lod&n&s.
Perc$ent n roo'G a&ent
n $assa&e1 8t+ door
closed
Totals .= A AB .; *>A .?.
/ost $robable n)'ber of
s)ccesses b" c+ance
;
Y

<B
Y Y
Res)lts obtaned d)rn& t+e
sa'e $erod b" /r.
('t+ as a&ent n t+e
roo' 8t+ /ss B.
.B
; .= .* B@ *<B
80periments in Trans$erring (deas other than Numbers,
T+e 'ost s)ccessf)l e#$er'ents )nder t+s +ead 8ere t+ose n 8+c+
/r. ('t+ 8as 'erel" concentratn& +s 'nd en a 'ental $ct)re9 of so'e
sort1 8t+o)t loo3n& at an" real re$resentaton. T+e $erson 8+o carred on
t+e con2ersaton 8t+ t+e $erc$ent d)rn& t+e co)rse of eac+ e#$er'ent1
and too3 notes of +s re'ar3s1 8as &enerall" &norant of t+e s)bDect of t+e
$ct)re.
T+e $erc$ent 8as so'et'es 'ade to rece2e t+e '$resson as a f)ll"
e#ternalsed 2s)al +all)cnaton seen 8t+ o$en e"esG )s)all" as a $ct)re
on a blan3 8+te card on 8+c+ +e +ad been told t+at a $ct)re 8o)ld
a$$ear1 and occasonall" n a cr"stal )sed n t+e sa'e 8a".
*
Latterl"1 t+e
$erc$ents +i,KKG- 8ere &enerall" nd)ced to see t+e $ct)res 8+en
+"$notsed 8t+ closed e"es. 4)ll detals are &2en of t+e e#$er'ents 8+c+
t+e 8rters re&arded as s)ccessf)l1 8t+ acco)nts of so'e fal)res1 also a
tab)lated lst of all t+e e#$er'ents tred. T+ose 8t+ a&ent and $erc$ents
n t+e sa'e roo' are s)''arsed b" t+e a)t+ors as follo8sJ
Perc$ent.
I'$resson.
!)'ber
of
Trals.
Correct or
$artall"
correct.
6ron&. !one.
/ss B.
=
B * *<
P.
*<
B = .=
T.
.
*; ; *A
6+"bre8 B . . *>
/aDor
.
Y Y .
Totals ;* .= *; =*
I E)ote t+e frst se2en e#$er'ents 8t+ /ss B.1 of 8+c+ fo)r are
co)nted as s)ccessf)l1 2N. !os. *1 .1 ?1 and =.
T+e frst e#$er'ents 8t+ /ss B. too3 $lace on 7)l" @t+1 *A@>. T+e
$erc$ent1 ben& n a +"$notc trance1 +ad +er e"es o$ened1 and 8as &2en a
card and told to loo3 o)t for a $ct)re 8+c+ 8o)ld co'e on t.
!o. *. T+e s)bDect1 c+osen b" /rs. (d&8c31 8as a itte boy #ith a
ba. /r. ('t+ sat close to /ss B.1 b)t net+er s$o3e to +er nor to)c+ed
+er. /ss B. $resentl" sad1 % f&)re s co'n&a lttle bo".9 /rs.
(d&8c3 as3ed 8+at +e +ad n +s +and1 and /ss B. re$led1 % ro)nd
t+n&1 a ball1 I s)$$ose.9
!o. .. 4or t+e ne#t e#$er'ent /r. ('t+ sat be+nd a screen. T+e
s)bDect1 a Bitten in a "ar, 8as a&an set b" /rs. (d&8c3. /ss B. sad1
(o'et+n& l3e an old cata catI t+n3 t5s a cat.9 /rs. (d&8c3.
6+at s t+e cat don&W9 /ss B. (do)btf)ll").(ttn& do8n.9 /rs.
(d&8c3.Is t+ere an"t+n& else b)t a catW9 /ss B.!o1 onl"
scratc+es abo)t.9
!o. ;. (4al)re.)Y
!o. <. ()bDectJ a Christy 2instre #ith a ban"o (c+osen b" /rs.
(d&8c31 8+o too3 t+e notes). /ss B. sad1 T+ere5s so'et+n& lon&1
so'et+n& ro)nd n t+at onea lttle ca&e of so'e sortso'et+n& t+at
loo3s l3e a ca&eG "et t+ere5s so'et+n& l3e a +andle. % canZ o+1 t5s a canZ
It5s E)te clear no8.9 6e t+en &a2e +er a fres+ card1 and /r. ('t+ 'o2ed
ro)nd fro' be+nd t+e screen and sat close to +er1 stll 8t+o)t s$ea3n&.
!o. ?. T+e sa'e s)bDect (contn)ed). /ss B. sad1 (o'et+n& +ere
dar3 a +and.9 /rs. (d&8c3.Is t a 8o'an5s +and or a 'an5sW9 /ss
B.% blac3 +and.9 T+s see'ed to be a $artal s)ccess.
/r. ('t+ t+en 8o3e /ss B. )$ to as3 +er 8+en s+e +ad to &o1 b)t
fndn& t+at t+ere 8as stll a lttle t'e to s$are1 reC+"$notsed +er1 and tred
anot+er s)bDect.
!o. B. A saiing,boat on the sea, /r. ('t+ sat be+nd t+e screen.
Presentl" /ss B. sad1 % 'anblac3. -e5s &ot so'et+n& n +s +andan
nstr)'entsort of &)tar t+n&.9 %s 8e +ad not s$o3en abo)t t+e C+rst"
+i,KKH- /nstrel and banDo1 t+s tard" e'er&ence of t+e dea 8+en /r.
('t+ 8as t+n3n& of so'et+n& else1 and after a8a3n& and reC
+"$notsaton1 8as nterestn&.
6e t+en c+an&ed /ss B.5s card1 and /r. ('t+ contn)ed to t+n3 of
t+e saln&Cboat1 b)t /ss B. onl" sa8 so'et+n& l3e a bear1 and 8e
c+an&ed +er card a&an. Of co)rse d)rn& t+ese c+an&es 8e told +er not+n&
abo)t t+e s)bDect1 nor 8+et+er t 8as c+an&ed1 nor 8+et+er s+e 8as r&+t or
8ron&. /ss B. t+en sad1 Ver" f)nn" t+n&9 (s+a3n& +er +ead)G can5t see
t co'n& to an" f&)re. T+ere5s a 'esst doesn5t co'e to an" s+a$e.9
!o. =. %t t+s $ont /rs. (d&8c3 as3ed /r. ('t+ to co'e fro'
be+nd t+e screen and st near /ss B. /ss 7o+nson1 8+o dd not 3no8
8+at t+e s)bDect of t+e $ct)re 8as1 as3ed /ss B. 8+et+er t 8as an"t+n&
l3e an an'al. /ss B. sad1 !o&ot so'e $ron& sort of t+n&s
so'et+n& at t+e botto' l3e a lttle boat. 6+at can t+at be )$ n t+e arW
Clffs1 I s)$$oseclffs n t+e ar +&+ )$t5s Donn& t+e boato+1 sals
a saln&Cboatnot clffssals.9 T+s 8as not all )ttered consec)t2el"1 b)t
$artl" n ans8er to E)estons $)t b" /ss 7o+nsonG b)t as /ss 7o+nson 8as
&norant of t+e s)bDect of t+e s)$$osed $ct)re1 +er E)estons co)ld1 of
co)rse1 &2e no &)dance.
LT+e follo8n& are f2e e#$er'ents 'ade 8t+ P.JM
%s a $rel'nar" to eac+ e#$er'ent1 P. 8as +"$notsed and told b" /r.
('t+ t+at +e 8o)ld see a $ct)re1 t+en +ad +s e"es o$ened1 and 8as &2en
a blan3 card to loo3 at. T+e s)bDects of t+e $ct)res 8ere c+osen b" /rs.
(d&8c3 and 8rtten do8n b" +er. In t+e case of t+e frst t8o1 t+e s)bDect
for t+e $ct)re 8as s+o8n n 8rtn& to /r. ('t+ before +s fnal re'ar3s
to P. abo)t loo3n& for t+e $ct)re to co'e on t+e card. In t+e case of t+e last
t+ree1 t 8as onl" s+o8n to +' after +e +ad e#$laned to P. 8+at +e 8as to
do1 and +e dd not s$ea3 at all after +e 3ne8 8+at t+e s)bDect 8as. -e sat
near P.1 b)t be+nd +' n all cases. /ss 7o+nson1 8+o 8as &norant of t+e
s)bDects1 too3 notes of P.5s con2ersaton and ot+er re'ar3s t+at 8ere 'ade
d)rn& t+e co)rse of eac+ e#$er'ent. P. occasonall" addressed /rs.
(d&8c31 and s+e ans8ered +'1 ben& of co)rse 2er" caref)l to a2od
&2n& an" ndcatons b" +er re'ar3s.
!o. *?. (4al)re).Y
!o. *B. ()bDectJ A bacB Bitten paying #ith a corB. P.(o'et+n& l3e
a catG t5s a cat.9 /rs. (d&8c3.6+at s t don&W9 P.(o'et+n& t5s
been feedn& o)t ofso'e 'l31 s t a sa)cerW Can5t see 8+ere ts ot+er
$a8 sonl" see t+ree $a8s.9
!o. *=. ()bDectJ A sand#ich man #ith advertisement o$ a pay. P. sad1
(o'et+n& l3e letter %stro3e t+ere1 t+en t+ere.9 /rs. (d&8c3.
6ell1 $er+a$s t 8ll beco'e clearer.9 P.(o'et+n& l3e a +ead on
t+e to$ of tG a V )$sde do8nt8o le&s and t+en a +ead.% 'an 8t+ t8o
boardsloo3s l3e a 'an t+at &oes abo)t t+e streets 8t+ t8o boards. I can
see a +ead at t+e to$1 and t+e bod" and le&s bet8een t+e boards. I co)ldn5t
see 8+at 8as 8rtten on t+e boards1 beca)se t+e ed&es 8ere t)rned to8ards
'e.9 /r. ('t+ told )s after8ards t+at +e +ad $ct)red to +'self t+e 'an
and one board facn& +'1 t+)s not corres$ondn& to t+e '$resson 8+c+
P. +ad.
!o. *A. ()bDectJ A choir boy. P. sad1 Ed&e of card5s &on& a dar3
colo)r. (o'ebod" dressed )$ n 8+te1 e+W Can see so'et+n& all 8+teG
ed&e all blac31 and l3e a f&)re n t+e 'ddle. T+ere5s +s +ands )$9
('a3n& a &est)re to s+o8 t+e attt)de) l3e a &+ost or so'et+n&"o)
co)ldn5t 'sta3e t for an"t+n& b)t a &+ost. It5s not &ettn& an" better1 t5s
fadn&no1 t5s stll t+ere. It '&+t fr&+ten an" one.9Y
+i,KKI-
!o. *@. ()bDectJ A vase #ith $o#ers. (/r. ('t+1 stll be+nd P.1 8as
loo3n& at a bl)e flo8erC$ot n t+e 8ndo81 contann& an ndaCr)bber
$lant). P. sad1 I see so'et+n& ro)nd1 l3e a ro)nd rn&. I can see so'e
stra&+t t+n&s fro' t+e ro)nd t+n&. I t+n3 t5s a &lasst &oes )$. I5ll tell
"o) 8+at t sG t ')st be a $ot1 a flo8erC$ot1 "o) 3no81 8t+ t+n&s &ro8n&
n t. I onl" &)essed t+at1 beca)se "o) don5t see t+n&s &ro8n& o)t of a
&lass. It5s not clear at t+e to$ "et. Yo) see so'et+n& &on& )$1 and "o) can5t
see t+e to$ beca)se of t+e ed&e of t+e $a$er1 t5s c)t off. I don5t 8onder1
beca)se t5s no &ood 8ondern& 8+at /r. ('t+ does1 +e does s)c+ f)nn"
t+n&s. I s+o)ld fanc" t '&+t be a &eran)'1 b)t t+ere5s onl" stc3s1 so "o)
can5t tell.9 /rs. (d&8c3.6+at colo)r s t+e $otW9 P.,ar3 colo)r1
bet8een terraCcotta and reddar3 red1 "o)5d call t.9
,*3 B . In /rs. (d&8c35s $a$er On t+e E2dence for Clar2o"ance9 n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;>K@@1 an acco)nt s &2en of se2eral
str3n& cases of tra2elln& clar2o"ance9 on t+e $art of a 8o'an t+ere
called 7ane1 t+e 8fe of a ,)r+a' $t'an (op. cit., $$. ?;KB. and A.K@<).
(+e 8as +"$notsed at nter2als for 'an" "ears fro' *A<? on8ards1 for t+e
sa3e of +er +ealt+1 and )sed t+en to as3 to tra2el9t+at s1 to be &)ded b"
s)&&eston to $laces 8+c+ s+e s+o)ld clar2o"antl" 2st. T+e 'an
e2dence abo)t +er s contaned n t+e conte'$oraneo)s notes of a ,r. 4.1
8+c+1 +o8e2er1 do not a$$ear to +a2e been 'ade before t+e tr)t+ of +er
state'ents 8as 2erfed. I E)ote an e#tract fro' t+ese notes.
Before co''encn& t+e sttn& I f#ed to ta3e +er to a +o)se1 8t+o)t
co'')ncatn& '" ntentons to an" of t+e $artes $resent. In t+e 'ornn&
of t+e da" I stated to a $atent of '" o8n1 /r. E&lnton1 at $resent resdn&
n t+e 2lla&e of T"ne'o)t+1 t+at I ntended to 2st +'. -e stated t+at +e
8o)ld be $resent bet8een A and *> P./. n a $artc)lar roo'1 so t+at t+ere
'&+t be no dffc)lt" n fndn& +'. -e 8as D)st reco2ern& fro' a 2er"
se2ere llness1 and 8as so 8ea3 t+at +e co)ld scarcel" 8al3. -e 8as
e#ceedn&l" t+n fro' t+e effects of +s co'$lant.
%fter t+e )s)al state +ad been obtaned1 I sad1 6e are standn& besde
a ral8a" staton1 no8 8e $ass alon& a road1 and n front of )s see a +o)se
8t+ a lab)rn)' tree n front of t.9 (+e drectl" re$led1 Is t t+e red +o)se
8t+ a brass 3noc3erW9 I sad !o1 t +as an ron 3noc3er.9 I +a2e snce
loo3ed1 +o8e2er1 and fnd t+at t+e door +as an oldCfas+oned brass +andle n
t+e s+a$e of a 3noc3er. (+e t+en as3ed1 (+all 8e &o )$ t+e ste$sW (+all 8e
&o alon& t+s $assa&e and )$ t+ese starsW Is t+s a 8ndo8 on t+e star
+eadW9 I sad1 Yo) are E)te r&+t1 and no8 I 8ant "o) to loo3 nto t+e
roo' )$on t+e left+and sde.9 (+e re$led1 O+ "es1 n t+e bedroo'. T+ere
s no one n t+s roo'G t+ere s a bed n t1 b)t t+ere s no $erson n t.9 I 8as
not a8are t+at a bedroo' 8as n t+e $lace I 'entoned1 b)t )$on nE)r"
ne#t da" I fo)nd s+e 8as correct. I told +er s+e ')st loo3 nto t+e ne#t roo'
and s+e 8o)ld see a sofa. (+e ans8ered1 B)t t+ere s +ere a lttle &aller".
!o8 I a' n t+e roo'1 and see a lad" 8t+ blac3 +ar l"n& )$on t+e sofa.9 I
atte'$ted to $)NNle +er abo)t t+e colo)r of +er +ar1 and feeln& s)re t 8as
/r. E&lnton 8+o 8as l"n& t+ere1 I s+ar$l" crossCE)estoned +er1 b)t stll
s+e $erssted n +er stor". T+e E)estonn&1 +o8e2er1 see'ed to dstract +er
'nd1 and s+e +i,KKJ- co''enced tal3n& abo)t a lad" at 6+c3+a'1 )ntl I
at last recalled +er to t+e roo' at T"ne'o)t+ b" as3n& +er 8+et+er t+ere
8as not a &entle'an n t+e roo'. !o19 s+e sadG 8e can see no &entle'an
t+ere.9
%fter a lttle s+e descrbed t+e door o$enn&1 and as3ed 8t+ a tone of
&reat s)r$rse1 Is t+at a &entle'anW9 I re$led1 YesG s +e t+n or fatW9
Ver" fat19 s+e ans8eredG b)t +as +e a cor3 le&W9 I ass)red +er t+at +e +ad
no cor3 le&1 and tred to $)NNle +er a&an abo)t +'. (+e1 +o8e2er1 ass)red
'e t+at +e 8as 2er" fat and +ad a &reat cor$oraton1 and as3ed 'e 8+et+er I
dd not t+n3 s)c+ a fat 'an ')st eat and drn3 a &reat deal to &et s)c+ a
cor$oraton as t+at. (+e also descrbed +' as sttn& b" t+e table 8t+
$a$ers besde +'1 and a &lass of brand" and 8ater. Is t not 8neW9 I
as3ed. !o19 s+e sad1 t5s brand".9 Is t not 8+s3" or r)'W9 !o1 t s
brand"19 8as t+e ans8erG and no819 s+e contn)ed1 t+e lad" s &on& to
&et +er s)$$er1 b)t t+e fat &entle'an does not ta3e an".9 I reE)ested +er to
tell 'e t+e colo)r of +s +ar1 b)t s+e onl" ans8ered t+at t+e lad"5s +ar 8as
dar3. I t+en nE)red f +e +ad an" brans n +s +ead1 b)t s+e see'ed
alto&et+er $)NNled abo)t +'1 and sad s+e co)ld not see an". I t+en as3ed
+er f s+e co)ld see +s na'e )$on an" of t+e letters l"n& abo)t. (+e
re$led1 YesG9 and )$on '" sa"n& t+at t+e na'e be&an 8t+ E1 s+e s$elt
eac+ letter of t+e na'e E&lnton.9
I 8as so con2nced t+at I +ad at last detected +er n a co'$lete 'sta3e
t+at I arose1 and declned $roceedn& f)rt+er n t+e 'atter1 statn& t+at1
alt+o)&+ +er descr$ton of t+e +o)se and t+e na'e of t+e $erson 8ere
correct1 n e2er"t+n& connected 8t+ t+e &entle'an s+e +ad &)essed t+e
o$$oste fro' t+e tr)t+.
On t+e follo8n& 'ornn& /r. E. as3ed 'e t+e res)lt of t+e e#$er'ent1
and after +a2n& related t to +'1 +e &a2e 'e t+e follo8n& acco)ntJ -e +ad
fo)nd +'self )nable to st )$ to so late an +o)r1 b)t 8s+f)l farl" to test
t+e $o8ers of t+e clar2o"ante1 +e +ad ordered +s clot+es to be st)ffed nto
t+e for' of a f&)re1 and to 'a3e t+e contrast 'ore str3n& to +s nat)ral
a$$earance1 +ad an e#tra $llo8 $)s+ed nto t+e clot+es so as to for' a
cor$oraton.9 T+s f&)re +ad been $laced near t+e table1 n a sttn&
$oston1 and a &lass of brand" and 8ater and t+e ne8s$a$ers $laced besde
t. T+e na'e1 +e f)rt+er added1 8as s$elt correctl"1 t+o)&+ )$ to t+at t'e I
+ad been n t+e +abt of 8rtn& t E&ln&ton19 nstead of as s$elt b" t+e
clar2o"ante1 E&lnton.9
,*3 C . ,r. %lfred Bac3'an1 of Ral'ar1 (8eden1 $)bls+ed a $a$er on
E#$er'ents n Clar2o"ance9 n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. *@@K
..>. -s s)bDects 8ere $atents of +s o8n1 +"$notsed b" +' for 'edcal
treat'ent1 and a'on& t+e' +e fo)nd a certan n)'ber 8+o see'ed to
$ossess t+e clar2o"ant fac)lt". One of t+e best 8as %l'a Rdber&1 a 'adC
ser2ant1 a&ed abo)t t8ent"Cs# (t+e s)bDect of t+e e#$er'ent descrbed n
,+3 E )1 and I E)ote a case t+at occ)rred 8t+ +er. ,r. Bac3'an 8rtesJ
On %$rl At+1 *A@>1 I rece2ed a letter fro' ,r. 4. RDell'an1
*
of
(toc3+ol'1 +i,KKK- n 8+c+ +e as3ed 'e to arran&e a t'e at 8+c+ I
s+o)ld +"$notse %l'a1 of 8+o' +e +ad +eard1 and as3 +er to fnd a
certan ,r. 2on B.1 8+o 8as 3no8n to +er1 and descrbe t+e roo' n 8+c+
+e 8as1 t+e ot+er $ersons $resent1 t+e arran&e'ents of t+e roo'1 &c. ,r. R.
+ad $)r$osel" +)n& so'et+n& on t+e c+andeler t+at s not &enerall" t+ere1
n order to 'a3e t+e e#$er'ent 'ore cr)cal.9 In ans8er to t+s1 I 'erel"
sent t+s tele&ra'1 4ro' one to t8o to'orro81 n "o)r a$art'ent.9 !o
f)rt+er arran&e'ent 8as 'ade1 and ,r. RDell'an5s a$$earance1 as 8ell as
+s a$art'ent1 8as E)te )n3no8n bot+ to 'e and t+e clar2o"ant1 and also
to all t+e $ersons $resent 8t+ )s. %l'a 8as +"$notsed n '" +o)se at
Ral'ar1 and t+e record 'ade of t+e sttn& s as follo8s
*
J
%$rl @t+1 *A@>1 at *.<> P./. %l'a s +"$notsed and ordered to &o to
(toc3+ol' to t+e a$art'ents of ,r. RDell'an. *. Is %l'a t+ereW9 !o.9 ..
X)eston re$eated. Yes.9 @. Is t+ere a c+andeler +an&n& fro' t+e
celn&W9 !o1 no c+andeler1 so'et+n& 'ore l3e a la'$.9 *>. ,o "o) see
an"t+n& $artc)lar t+ereW9 (o'et+n& lon& and narro8 s +an&n& n t+e
c+andeler.9 **. 6+at s t 'ade of1 st)ff or 'etalW9 It ')st be 'etal1 I
t+n31 and st)ff also.9 *.. -a2e "o) e2er seen s)c+ a t+n&W9 !o1 I ne2er
sa8 an"t+n& l3e t.9 *;. Tr" to see 8+at t s1 or 8+at t s calledW9 (!o
ans8er.) *<. 6+at s t )sed forW9 I do not 3no8 8+at t s )sed for.9 Is t
an"t+n& )sed b" $+"scans1 or an orna'entW9 /ore l3e an orna'ent1
lar&er t+an a rbbon.9 *?. 6+at s t l3e1 8+at colo)r s tW9 It s 8+te.9
*B. %re t+ere se2eral colo)rsW9 It s also red.9 *=. 6+at s t+e 'etal
l3eW9 It s 8+te1 $robabl" sl2er.9 *A. %re t+ere 'o)ntn&s f#ed to t+e
st)ff1 or st)ff on a $ece of 'etalW9 I t+n3 t+e st)ff s 8o)nd ro)nd a $ece
of 'etal.9 *@. -o8 lon& and +o8 broad s tW9 % E)arter of a "ard broad1
and t+reeCE)arters of a "ard lon&.9 .>. 6+at 3nd of st)ff s tW9 Probabl"
sl3.9 .*. ,oes t+e st)ff belon& to t+e $ece of 'etalW9 !o1 t s 8o)nd
ro)nd t for t+e occason.9 ... 6+at s t &enerall" )sed forW9 It o)&+t to
stand on a 8rtn&Ctable.9 .;. 6+at s t+e )se of tW9 ((+e does not 3no8.)
.<. Is t f#ed to t+e la'$1 or co)ld t be easl" ta3en offW9 It s not f#ed
fr'l".9 (+e cannot $ossbl" tell 8+at s +an&n& n t+e c+andeler. 6+en
a8a3e1 s+e states t+at s+e bele2es t 8as a $ar of scssors for c)ttn& $a$er1
or a $a$erC3nfe1 t+at 8as +an&n& n t+e c+andelerG and t 8as $robabl"
f#ed 8t+ a +and3erc+ef.Y
%fter +a2n& co'')ncated to ,r. RDell'an 8+at %l'a +ad sad1 I
rece2ed fro' +' t8o letters1 contann& t+e follo8n& nfor'atonJ
T+ere 8as reall" +an&n& n t+e c+andeler a lar&e $ar of $a$erC
scssors f#ed b" an ndaCr)bber otosco$e1 and 8t+ a teaCrose and so'e
for&etC'eCnots n one of t+e +andles of t+e scssorsY9
-er state'ent t+at t+e obDect 8as +an&n& n a la'$1 not n a
c+andeler1 8as r&+t. It s bot+ a la'$ and a c+andeler1 and t+e la'$ 8as
dra8n do8n a lon& 8a" )nder t+e c+andeler.Y9
,*3 D . (o'e &ood cases of tele$at+" and tele$at+c clar2o"ance
occ)rrn& 8t+ +"$notsed $erc$ents are &2en n ,r. 4a+nestoc35s
Statuvoism (see es$ecall" $$. *.=K;? and $$. ..*K;.). I E)ote one of
t+ese (fro' $$. ..@K;.).
+i,KKL-
L% /r. +ad reE)ested so'e frends of +s at Balt'ore to $lace
so'et+n& n a $artc)lar $lace n a certan +o)se1 after +e +ad left t+e ct"1
to test f t co)ld be seen b" an" of ,r. 4a+nestoc35s clar2o"ants at
Lancaster.M
()bDectJ /rs. E. (+e +ad ne2er been n Balt'ore n +er lfe1 and after
s+e +ad entered t+e state1 t 8as necessar"1 as I 8as not acE)anted 8t+ t+e
locaton of t+e +o)se1 for +' to con2e" +er n t+o)&+t to t+e a$$onted
$lace. -a2n& done so1 I reE)ested +er to descrbe t+e roo'1 8+c+ s+e dd
to +s satsfactonG and as t+e t+n& to be loo3ed at 8as to be at or abo)t t+e
t'e$ece1 I drected +er attenton to t1 and desred +er to loo3 8+et+er
t+ere 8as an"t+n& abo)t t+e cloc3 8+c+ dd not belon& to t. (+e sad s+e
sa8 so'et+n& dar3 t+ere1 8+c+ loo3ed l3e a bottle1 b)t t+at s+e felt as f
s+e 8ere &on& bac38ards1 and co)ld not 3ee$ +erself t+ere lon& eno)&+ to
see t dstnctl". T+s ben& t+e case1 and fndn& t+at +er 'nd 8as
8andern& abo)t t+e ct"1 I drected +er to loo3 abo)t t+e ct"1 and after I
+ad ta3en +er to t+e 6as+n&ton /on)'ent and 2aro)s ot+er $laces of
nterest1 I desred +er to &o bac3 to t+e cloc3 a&an1 and to &o )$ to t1 and to
ta3e t+e artcle 8+c+ s+e before descrbed as ben& a dar3 bottle nto +er
+ands1 and to e#a'ne t 'n)tel"1 so t+at s+e co)ld be certan as to 8+at t
reall" 8as. %fter +a2n& done so1 s+e declared t+at s+e no8 sa8 t dstnctl"1
and stated t+at t 8as a darB botte, about the ength o$ her inde0 $inger,
and 8as s)s$ended b" a #hite string, tied about its necB, that it #as empty,
and had no corB?
T+e &entle'an left Lancaster for Balt'ore t+e ne#t da"1 and 8+en +e
ret)rned +e stated t+at1 as +e a$$roac+ed t+e +o)se of +s frend n
Balt'ore1 8+ere t+e t+n& to be loo3ed at 8as to be $laced1 +e sa8 +s
frend at t+e door1 and as +e ca'e )$ to +' +s frend ''edatel" as3ed
+' to tell 8+at +e +ad seen $laced near t+e cloc3. %fter +e +ad related t+e
crc)'stances1 and told 8+at t+e lad" sad1 +s frend $rod)ced t+e bottle1
8+c+ +ad been s)s$ended at t+e t'e a&reed )$on1 and 8+c+1 to t+er
')t)al astons+'ent1 t+e" no8 sa8 s+e +ad descrbed to t+e 2er" letter. T+e
&entle'an bro)&+t t+e bottle 8t+ +' to Lancaster1 8t+ a $ece of t+e
8+te strn& stll attac+ed1 and after t 8as s+o8n to /rs. E. s+e declared
t+at t 8as t+e 2er" sa'e 8+c+ s+e +ad seen s)s$ended n Balt'ore.
T+e bottle s of a 2er" dar3 bro8n colo)r1 and loo3s nearl" blac3 8+en
not +eld )$ bet8een t+e l&+t and t+e e"e1 of a $ec)lar s+a$e1 and not easl"
'sta3en. It s abo)t t+e len&t+ of an nde# fn&er1 and 8as e'$t"1 and
8t+o)t a cor3 or sto$$er.
% $)rer case of act)al clar2o"ance co)ld not be desred1 beca)se t+ere
8as no $erson n t+e roo' t+at 3ne8 or +ad an" s)s$con of 8+at '&+t be
$laced t+ere.
(o'e &ood nstances of a$$arent clar2o"ance or tele$at+c clar2o"ance
on t+e $art of a +"$notsed s)bDect are also to be fo)nd n Somnoism and
&sycheism, b" 7ose$+ 6. -addoc31 /.,. (London1 *A?*).
,*3 E . 4ro' 4acts n Clar2o"ance19 b" ,r. %s+b)rner (Soist, 2ol. 2.
$$. @BK**>). In t+e follo8n& case t+e nfor'aton &2en b" t+e clar2o"ants
related to facts 8+c+ 8ere a$$arentl" not 3no8n b" nor'al 'eans to an"
$erson.
/aDor B)c3le"1 a 8ellC3no8n 'es'erst1 bro)&+t to ,r. %s+b)rner5s
+o)se n London on 4ebr)ar" *.t+1 *A<A1 t8o "o)n& 8o'en1 %. B. and E.
L.1 8+o' +e +ad bro)&+t fro' C+elten+a' t+at da". T+e" +ad often +i,KKM-
been 'es'ersed b" +'1 and ,r. %s+b)rner 8s+ed to n2est&ate t+er
alle&ed clar2o"ant $o8ers. On t+s frst e2enn& onl" t+e t8o s)bDects1
/aDor B)c3le"1 and ,r. %s+b)rner 8ere $resent. T+e latter 8rtesJ
6e asse'bled n '" lttle lbrar". I +ad $ro2ded '"self 8t+ a doNen
8aln)tCs+ells1 bo)&+t at Gran&e5s n Pccadll"1 contann& carra8a" co'fts
and1 as I t+o)&+t1 a 'otto eac+1 and t8o o)nces of +aNelCn)t s+ells
contann& co'fts and $rnted 'ottoes. T+ese 8ere n t8o $ac3ets of an
o)nce eac+1 and +ad been $)rc+ased b" 'e abo)t t8o +o)rs before at
La8rence5s n O#ford (treet1 at t+e corner of /ar"lebone Lane. One of t+e
"o)n& 8o'en 8as seated at et+er sde of t+e fre$laceG /aDor B)c3le"
$laced +'self at t+e a$e# of a tran&le1 of 8+c+ t+e" for'ed t+e basal
an&les. -e 'ade a fe8 slo8 $asses fro' +s fore+ead to t+e $t of +s
sto'ac+ on +s o8n $erson. T+e &rls sad1 after +e +ad 'ade e&+t or ten of
t+ese $asses1 t+at t+e" 8ere s)ffcent.9 T+e" sa8 a bl)e l&+t )$on +'1
and %. B. +a2n& ta3en )$ one of t+e n)tCs+ells $ro2ded b" 'e1 $laced t
)$on t+e c+'ne"C$ece abo2e +er +ead. E. L. t+en dd t+e sa'e t+n& 8t+
one of t+e n)tCs+ells allotted to +er. I 8as f)ll" a8are of t+e obDectons of
sce$tcs1 t+at a $ossblt" e#sted of c+an&n& t+ese s+ells b" sle&+tCofC
+and. I 8atc+ed t+e $roceedn&s an#o)sl" and acc)ratel"1 to a2od t+e
$ossblt" of ben& dece2ed. T+e 'o2e'ents of t+ese "o)n& 8o'en 8ere
slo8 and delberate1 not l3e t+e +oc)sC$oc)s E)c3 Der3 of t+e conD)rer. %.
B. frst anno)nced +er readness to read t+e 'otto n +er n)tCs+ell. (+e sad
t+at t+e 8ords 8ere
T+e lttle s8eet'eat +ere re2ealed1
La"s1 as &ood deeds s+o)ld la"1 concealed.9
I 8rote do8n to +er dctaton1 t+en I crac3ed t+e s+ell1 e'$ted o)t t+e
co'fts1 and fo)nd a'on& t+e' a lttle str$ of $a$er1 se2eral t'es folded1
on 8+c+ 8ere $rnted t+e 2er" 8ords s+e +ad s$o3en. Re'e'ber1 reader1
s+e 8as not aslee$G bot+ t+e &rls 8ere 8de a8a3e1 and Doned n t+e
con2ersaton 8t+ /aDor B)c3le" and '"self n t+e nter2als of t+e
$+eno'ena 8+c+ t+e" 8ere e#+btn&.
T+en E. L. read t+e 'otto n +er +aNelCn)t s+ell. It ran t+)s
%n +onest 'an 'a" ta3e a 3na2e5s ad2ce1
B)t dots onl" 8ll be c+eated t8ce.9
%fter I +ad 8rtten t+s do8n1 and before I o$ened t+e s+ell b" t+e ad of
t+e n)tCcrac3ers1 s+e sad1 %t t+e to$1 abo2e t+e frst lne1 s $art of anot+er
'ottoG t r)ns t+)s
H6+o s'les to see 'e n des$ar.I
T+e 8ord des$ar s c)t close.9 6+en t+e n)tCs+ell 8as o$ened and t+e
'otto )nfolded1 t+e descr$ton &2en b" E. L. 8as fo)nd to be E)te correct.
%. B. t+en too3 anot+er s+ell1 and n a 2er" s+ort t'e read t+ese 8ords1
8+c+ I 8rote do8n
(+e5s lttle n sNe1
-as br&+t s$ea3n& e"es1
%nd f "o) $ro2e tr)e1
6ll be +a$$" 8t+ "o).9
T+e s+ell 8as bro3en o$en1 and t+e 8ords $rnted on t+e lttle sl$ of
folded +i,KKN- $a$er fo)nd a'on& t+e s8eet'eats 8t+n 8ere 8ord for
8ord 8t+ t+ose 8rtten do8n b" 'e.
E. L. too3 +er t)rn at readn&. T+e 8ords s+e read o)t 8ere
In e2er" be+older a r2al I 2e81
I ne5er can be eE)alled n lo2n& of "o).9
-a2n& 8rtten do8n t+ese 8ords1 t+e s+ell 8as o$ened1 and t 8as
fo)nd t+at E. L. +ad read t+e 'otto E)te correctl".
T+e ser2ant anno)nced t+at /r. %rnott 8s+ed to see 'e. -e +ad co'e
on $rofessonal b)sness1 and 8t+ no 2e8 of 8tnessn& t+ese $+eno'ena.
I as3ed /aDor B)c3le"5s $er'sson to ntrod)ce +'. -e ca'e n and sat
do8n. %. B. $ro$osed t+at +e s+o)ld ta3e )$ a n)tCs+ell fro' t+e table1 and
s+e offered to read t+e 'otto 8+le +e +eld t n +s +and. -e see'ed +ardl"
to be a8are of 8+at 8onder +e 8as to 8tness. -e too3 )$ a n)t1 +eld t n
+s closed +and1 and %. B. read t+)s
T+e $an&s of absence1 +o8 se2ere1
-a2e t+e" ne5er 8a3ed t+" btter tearW9
/r. %rnott too3 t+e n)tCcrac3ers1 bro3e +s n)tCs+ell1 and fo)nd t+at %.
B. +ad read E)te correctl". -s la)&+ and loo3 of s)r$rse told eno)&+ of
t+e con2cton of +s 'nd. T+e e2ent +ad beco'e a fact. -o8 to acco)nt
for t 8as anot+er 'atter. -e co)ld not den" t+at +e +ad 8tnessed t+e fact.
On t+e ne#t occason1 4ebr)ar" *?t+1 t+e t8el2e 8aln)tCs+ells 8ere
)sedG t+e trals 8ere 'ade )nder t+e sa'e condtons as before1 t+e 8aln)tC
s+ells ben& +eld n t+e +ands of t+e $erc$ent. %ll t+e 'ottoes 8ere read
correctl"1 8t+ t+e follo8n& e#ce$tonJ
%. B. t+en read fro' t+e fo)rt+ of +er 8aln)tCs+ells1 and +ere s+e 'ade
a 'sta3e1 attended b" so'e re'ar3able crc)'stances. I 8rote do8n +er
8ords t+)s
ITs lo2e l3e t+e s)n t+at &2es l&+t to t+e "ear1
T+e s8eetest of blessn&s t+at lfe can endear.9
(+e added1 )nderneat+ t+e $rntn& of t+s 'otto s t+e to$ $art of a
ca$tal T and of t8o s'all t5s. %t t+e co''encn& sde t+ere a$$ears to be
+alf of an ! and a s'all e belon&n& to anot+er 'otto. %ll t+s 8as E)te
tr)e t+at s+e added1 b)t s+e +ad 'sta3en t+e 'otto1 8+c+ ran t+)s
/" lo2e5s too &reat1 "o) 'a" $erce2e1
%nd clearl" see I don5t dece2e.9
42e f)rt+er s)ccessf)l trals 8ere 'ade1 n 8+c+ t+e n)tCs+ells 8ere
+eld n t+e +ands of ,r. %s+b)rner1 or of a 2stor1 or on t+e c+'ne"$ece1
and abo)t a doNen ot+ers are recorded n t+e rest of t+e $a$er.
Ot+er cases1 8tnessed b" t+e Earl of (tan+o$e1 of t+e readn& of
'ottoes n n)ts b" /aDor B)c3le"5s s)bDects are &2en n t+e Soist, 2ol. 2.
$$. .B?KB=. (ee also Soist, 2ol. #. $. .;<1 for references to a lar&e n)'ber
of cases of clar2o"ance $)bls+ed n t+at Do)rnal.
,*3 F . In t+e Soist, 2ol. #. $$. .<@K?.1 a case of clar2o"ance
n2ol2n& so'e a$$arent $re2son s recorded b" t+e Re2. 7. Peed. % /ss
%.1 8+o' +e 8as +"$notsn& n ,)bln n (e$te'ber *A?; for 'edcal
$)r$oses1 +i,KKO- descrbed n detal1 8+le +"$notsed1 t+e la'eness of +s
ssterCnCla81 8+o' s+e +ad ne2er seen or +eard of1 as far as +e 3ne81 and
ad2sed +' to &et +er o8n 'edcal 'an1 ,r. E.1 to treat t. /r. Peed told
,r. E.1 and /ss %. re$eated +er da&noss to ,r. E. before +e +ad seen t+e
$atentG after e#a'nn& +er1 +e $rono)nced t re'ar3abl" correct1 and
$ro$osed an o$eraton. /ss %.1 on ben& E)estoned n t+e +"$notc
condton abo)t t+e o$eraton1 sad t+at t 8o)ld be a 'ere trfle1 b)t t+at t+e
$atent 8o)ld s)ffer ')c+ $an after t1 8+c+ co)ld be re'o2ed b"
'es'ers'G t+at t+e after treat'ent1 n 8+c+ so'e s)r&cal 'ac+ner" ')st
be )sed1 8o)ld be tedo)s and tr"n&G t+at n t+ree 8ee3s s+e 8o)ld be able
to 8al3 do8nstars 8t+o)t assstance1 b)t t+at t 8o)ld ta3e t+ree 'ont+s to
co'$lete t+e c)re. /r. Peed states t+at all t+ese $redctons t)rned o)t
acc)ratel" correctG also t+at /ss %. s+o8ed 3no8led&e of t+e $ro&ress of
t+e c)re as t 8as &on& on and of 8+at t+e doctor 8as $rescrbn& for t.
:nfort)natel" t+e doctor5s o8n test'on" s lac3n&1 and t see's t+at t+e
$redcton 8as not recorded tll a fe8 'ont+s after ts f)lfl'ent. T+e
clar2o"ant5s 3no8led&e of conte'$orar" e2ents n t+s case see's 'ore
clearl" be"ond &)ess8or3 t+an +er 3no8led&e of t+e f)t)re.
,*, A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt of e#$er'ents n t+e effcac" or c+ar's
a$$eared n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *?.J
YT+e )nc2lsed %frcans1 a'on& 8+o' I +a2e s$ent 'an" "ears
(s#teen)1 'a3e lar&e )se of c+ar's1 8orn on t+e $erson1 n cases of llness.
/ssonares and traders are at one t+at t+e" occasonall" der2e &reat
beneft fro' t+s s)$erstton.9Y I 8as c)ro)s to 3no8 8+et+er an"
e2dence co)ld be obtaned $ontn& to a $robable ca)se for t+er effect.
In order to do t+s I 'tated t+e %frcan1 b)t dd '" best to e#cl)de t+e
factor of fat+. I $re$ared a c+ar'19 consstn& of a fe8 +ero&l"$+cs
8rtten on $a$er. T+s 8as 8ra$$ed )$ and se8n nto a $ece of ta$e1 and
ted fr'l" on t+e bare ar' of t+e s)bDect of t+e e#$er'ent. It 8as to be
8orn n&+t and da" for a fe8 da"s1 no t'e l't ben& &2en. I &a2e t+e
s)bDects to )nderstand t+at I 8as onl" as3n& t+e' to assst n an
e#$er'entG t+at t+e c+ar' 8as onl" $a$er 8t+ 8rtn& on tG t+at t+e" 8ere
not to e#$ect an" '$ro2e'ent1 b)t s'$l" to tell 'e f s)c+ +a$$ened. If
an" fat+ ele'ent re'aned t 8as a&anst '" 8s+1 and ')st be a E)antt"
resstn& all 'et+ods of e#$)lson1 e2en n $eo$le of ed)caton. !o8 for t+e
res)lts n detalJ (*) /"self1 a&e fort"Cs#. I +a2e1 all '" lfe1 been s)bDect to
so'e ner2o)s trc3 or t8tc+n& of a ')scleG so'et'es of t+e face1 t+e
+ead1 t+e s+o)lder1 &c. T+s too3 t+e for' of a $ec)lar snort fro' t'e to
t'e1 and I 8as a8are t+at t ')st be )n$leasant. I t+erefore tred earnestl"
to s)$$ress t1 b)t 8t+o)t effect. I 8ore a c+ar'1 and t ''edatel"
dsa$$eared. (o'e fe8 da"s after I fo)nd '"self at t a&an1 and fo)nd t+at
t+e c+ar' +ad sl$$ed fro' #here ( coud $ee it to t+e elbo8. On re$lacn&
t t+e anno"ance ceased. T+e sa'e la$se occ)rred t8o or t+ree t'es1 b)t I
al8a"s fo)nd t+e c+ar' +ad sl$$ed. %fter a fe8 8ee3s I dscontn)ed ts
)se1 and t+e bad +abt +as not reco''enced.
%not+er case latel" occ)rrn& to '"self s t+e follo8n&J I +a2e for t+e
last t8o 'ont+s been 2er" 8ea3 and llsl&+t 2al2)lar affecton of t+e
+eart1 on +i,KLP- t+e occason I 'enton acco'$aned b" se2ere $an n t+e
bac3 and sdes. I 8as 2stn& '" sster1 +a2n& a rest1 b)t dd not see' to
'$ro2e. One n&+t s+e ted 'e a c+ar' on t+e left ar'1 and I $assed a &ood
n&+t. T+e follo8n& 'ornn& a ser2ant sad GoodC'ornn&9 to 'e1 b)t
'ade no f)rt+er re'ar3. (+e 8ent nto t+e 3tc+en and sad to t+e coo31 I
can5t t+n3 8+at +as +a$$ened to /r. P+ll$sG +e loo3s E)te 8ell t+s
'ornn&. I ne2er sa8 s)c+ a c+an&e n an"bod"Z9 %nd I felt 8ell1 t+o)&+
8ea3. I +ad no $an 8+ate2er1 and for t+e frst t'e n 'an" 'ont+s 8as not
consco)s t+at I +ad a +eart. T+s freedo' fro' $an +as re'aned for abo)t
t+ree 8ee3s1 )$ to t+e $resent t'e. I a' +ardl" e2er consco)s of $an1 b)t
onl" of 8ea3ness1 and I feel consderabl" better on t+at score.
T+e ne#t case s /ss G.1 coo3 at t+e establs+'ent of 8+c+ '" sster s
'atront+e Con2alescent -o'e19 (. %&e1 sa" fft". T+e 3tc+en of t+e
$lace s 2er" +ot@> to *>> de&rees 4a+r. e2er" da". /ss G. s sadl"
o2er8or3ed1 ben& constantl" on +er feet n t+s te'$erat)re fro' A %./. to
A P./. 6+at 8onder t+at +er +ealt+ &a2e 8a" and s+e beca'e a 'art"r to
sc3 +eadac+eZ (carcel" e2er a 8ee3 $assed b)t s+e +ad to re'an n bed
so'e $orton of or all da". I &a2e +er a c+ar' so'e nne or ten 8ee3s a&o1
and a' not a8are t+at s+e +as been lad )$ snce. (+e +as told 'e1 8+en
2stn&1 t+at s+e +as not been so1 and t+at +er +eadac+es +a2e been
re'ar3abl" lessened1 t+o)&+1 as s+e sa"s1 not+n& 8ll set +er )$ so lon& as
s+e +as to 8or3 all da" n t+at e#cess2e te'$erat)re. (+e +as act)all" &2en
notce to lea2e1 and ntended to do so for a lon& t'e $ast.
!e#t caseJ /rs. /.1 a&e fft"1 co'$laned t+at on tr"n& to o$en +er e"es
n t+e n&+t1 or on a8a3enn& n t+e 'ornn&1 s+e 8as obl&ed to $)s+ t+e
e"elds )$ 8t+ +er fn&ers. (+e see'ed to lac3 t+e $o8er of o$enn& t+e'.
% c+ar' acted l3e a c+ar'19 and t+e anno"ance ceased.
/ss B. /.1 a&e1 sa" t8ent"Cf2e1 co'$laned of c+ronc cold n t+e
+ead1 re'ann& $ersstentl" for se2eral 'ont+s. I &a2e +er a c+ar'1 and
fo)r da"s after8ards s+e told 'e t+e cold +ad E)te &one. (+e sad1 +alf
as+a'ed to confess +er cred)lt"1 t+at s+e reall" t+o)&+t t+e c+ar' +ad
c)red +er.
L.-.1 se2ent"Ce&+t1 c+ronc s)fferer fro' r+e)'ats'. I &a2e +' a
c+ar'1 8+c+ +i,KLG- +e1 for con2enence1 8ore loosel" b)ttoned ro)nd +s
nec3. !o res)lt. I told +' t+at +e +ad dsobe"ed orders1 and ')st 8ear t
ro)nd +s ar'1 tighty enough to $ee it.
I dd not see +' for so'e t'e1 b)t +e told 'e t+at1 fro' 8+ate2er
ca)se1 +e +ad been 2er" free fro' $an1 and +ad dscontn)ed t+e c+ar'. -e
t+en +ad a fat&)n& Do)rne" n -olland1 and on +s ret)rn told 'e +e 8as
&on& to loo3 for +s c+ar'1 as +e +ad +ad a rec)rrence of t+e $an. % 8ee3
or so after +e told 'e +e 8as 8earn& tG +ad no $anG not+n& b)t 8ea3ness
fro' old a&e to tro)ble +'.
/.-.1 a&e1 sa" fort"Ct8o1 r+e)'atcG is reported to 'e to be ')c+ t+e
sa'e.
/.L.1 a&e1 sa" fort"1 tro)bled 8t+ c+ronc fts of sneeNn&1 is reported
entrel" free.
Recent caseJ /.,.1 a&e1 sa" fft"1 +as c+ronc bronc+ts and dffc)lt" of
breat+n&. I &a2e +er my c+ar' to 8ear t+ree da"s a&o1 and s+e sa"s s+e s
2er" ')c+ better.
7./.1 a&e1 sa" fft"Cf2e1 +as s)ffered for ffteen "ears fro' loco'otor
ata#"G +as ns)$$ortable $ans1 for 8+c+ reason +e often drn3s a $nt of
8+s3" $er da"1 8t+o)t an" s&n of nto#caton (so +e sa"s). I &a2e +' a
c+ar'1 8+c+ +e onl" 8ore 8+en t+e $ans beca'e 2olentnot to $re2ent
t+er attac3. -e sa"s t+e t+n& s a snare and a del)sonG t +as done +' no
&ood.
P.-.1 a&e t8ent"ConeG +as fo)r t'es +ad r+e)'atc fe2erG +eart affectedG
no constt)ton. -e 8as reco2ern& fro' last attac31 and I &a2e +' a c+ar'1
8+c+ +e ''edatel" lost. -e contn)es to '$ro2e.
T+ese are t+e detals of a t+e e#$er'ents I +a2e 'ade1 e#ce$t one of
8+c+ I +a2e +ad no re$ort.Y
R. C. P-ILLIP(.
T-E %RT( CL:B1 /%!C-E(TER1
September HJth, *A@;.
4or a n)'ber of nstances of t+e c)re of #arts b" c+ar's1 see 1ourna
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. =K*>1 <>1 @B1 ..B1 and 2ol. #. $$. *>>1 *.*1 ..?.
,*) A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt of t+e Lo)rdes le&end 8as &2en b" 'e
n an artcle n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *=BKA..
Let )s be&n b" e#a'nn& t+e t+ree essental factors of t+e Lo)rdes
stor". In a fe8 8ords1 t+at stor" s as follo8sJ T+e Vr&n /ar" a$$eared to
Bernadette1 and n drect conseE)ence of t+at a$$arton 'rac)lo)s c)res
are $erfor'ed n and near t+e sa'e &rotto 8+ere t+e d2ne f&)re 8as seen.
Planl" 8e +a2e t+ree $onts to loo3 ntoJ (*) 6+at s t+e e2dence t+at
t+e a$$arton 8as reall" seen1 or1 f seen1 8as 'ore t+an a $)rel" s)bDect2e
+all)cnatonW (.) 6+at s t+e e2dence 8+c+ connects t+e a$$arton 8t+
t+e c)resW (;) 6+at e2dence s t+ere of c)res so far s)r$assn& t+e 3no8n
effects of s)&&eston and selfCs)&&eston as to de'and a s$ecal or a
'rac)lo)s e#$lanatonW On eac+ of t+ese $onts t+ere s a &ood deal to sa".
(*) T+e a$$arton. On a &reat tablet of 'arble19 sa"s ,r. Bossare Ln
+s boo31 .ourdesM 'a&nfcentl" fra'ed1 fastened nto t+e roc3 near t+e
&rotto19 t+e follo8n& nscr$ton s to be readJ
,ates of t+e E&+teen a$$artons
and 8ords of t+e Blessed Vr&n
n t+e "ear of &race *A?A.
In t+e +ollo8 of t+e roc3 8+ere +er stat)e s no8 seen
t+e Blessed Vr&n a$$eared to Bernadette (o)bro)s
E&+teen t'es.
T+e **t+ and t+e *<t+ of 4ebr)ar"G
Eac+ da"1 8t+ t8o e#ce$tons1 fro' 4ebr)ar" *At+ tll /arc+
<t+1
/arc+ .?t+1 %$rl =t+1 7)l" *Bt+.
T+e Blessed Vr&n sad to t+e c+ld on 4ebr)ar" *At+1
6ll "o) do 'e t+e fa2o)r ('e fare la &rgce) of co'n& +ere
dal"
for a fortn&+tW
I do not $ro'se to 'a3e "o) +a$$"
In t+s 8orld1 b)t n t+e ne#tG
I 8ant 'an" $eo$le to co'e (E)5l 2enne d) 'onde).9
T+e Vr&n sad to +er d)rn& t+e fortn&+tJ
Yo) 8ll $ra" for snnersG "o) 8ll 3ss t+e eart+ for snners.
PentenceZ $entenceZ $entenceZ
Go and tell t+e $rests to ca)se a c+a$el to be b)ltG
I 8ant $eo$le to co'e t+t+er n $rocesson.
Go and drn3 of t+e fo)ntan and 8as+ "o)rself n t.
Go and eat of t+at &rass 8+c+ s t+ere (de cette +erbe E) est
la).9
On /arc+ .?t+ t+e Vr&n sadJ
I %/ T-E I//%C:L%TE CO!CEPTIO!.9
+i,KLH-
T+s1 t+en1 s t+e offcal acco)nt of t+e 2son. 6e 8ll s'$lf" o)r
dsc)sson b" 8a2n& all E)eston as to ts &ood fat+ or acc)rac"1 and
acce$tn& t as an e#act acco)nt of 8+at Bernadette bele2ed t+at s+e +eard
and sa8. -o81 t+en1 s+o)ld 8e classf" s)c+ a narrat2e1 f sent to )s n t+e
ordnar" co)rse of o)r collecton of e2denceW
:ndo)btedl" 8e s+o)ld re&ard t as a $)rel" s)bDect2e e#$erence. It
does not ans8er an" of t+e tests 8+c+ 8e +abt)all" '$ose on a
+all)cnaton 8+c+ cla's to be veridica. T+e f&)re 8as seen b" one
$erson onl". T+e a$$arton dd not concde 8t+ an" obDect2e e2ent. It dd
not e2ent+o)&+ to t+s $ont 8e ')st $resentl" ret)rncontan an"
$redcton 8+ose f)lfl'ent co)ld be a retros$ect2e $roof of t+e realt" of
t+e 'essa&e. %nd8orst of all fro' an e2dental $ont of 2e8t+e f&)re
seen 8as one 8+c+1 b" t+e ad'sson1 8e bele2e1 of t+e Cat+olc cler&"
t+e'sel2es1 +as been often re$orted as seen1 'anl" b" "o)n& &rls1 )nder
crc)'stances 8+ere no obDect2e 2al)e 8+ate2er co)ld be attrb)ted to t+e
a$$arton.
It so +a$$ens t+at on t+s last and 2er" '$ortant $ont 8e can add)ce a
s&nfcant seres of facts. In &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *>>1 'a" be
fo)nd a descr$ton1 8rtten for t+e (.P.R. b" /. /arller fro' obser2aton
on t+e s$ot1 of a seres of a$$artons of t+e Vr&n near Pontnet n t+e
,ordo&ne. T+ere t+e Vr&n 8as seen 'an" t'es b" 'an" $ersons1
&enerall" t+ro)&+ a s$ecal +ole n a 8all1 b)t so'et'es on t+e o$en +eat+.
6e entrel" conc)rred1 +o8e2er1 8t+ /. /arller n ran3n& all t+ese
2sons as $)rel" s)bDect2e.Y %nd t+e Bs+o$ of Per&)e)# ')st ob2o)sl"
+a2e s+ared t+s 2e81 for +e dsco)ra&ed t+e 2sons at Pontnet1 and
not+n& +as co'e of t+e'.
It s not eas" to e#$lan 8+" t+s lon& seres of ')t)all" corroborat2e
2sons s+o)ld be t+)s tactl" dro$$ed1 8+le t+e s'lar 2sons of a sn&le
)ncorroborated c+ld s+o)ld rece2e so ')c+ attenton. ,r. Bossare 'a3es
t8o $onts based on t+e a$$arton tself1 na'el"1 t+e bea)t" of t+e f&)re
and t+e loftness of t+e 'essa&e.Y
-o81 t 'a" be as3ed1 do 8e 3no8 of t+e e#traordnar" bea)t" of t+e
for' 8+c+ Bernadette $erce2edW 6e 3no8 t+s1 t a$$ears1 fro' t+e
state'ent of t+e sc)l$tor 4absc+1 8+o 'ade a stat)e of t+e Vr&n 8+c+
Bernadette re&arded as a fat+f)l co$" of 8+at s+e +ad seen. Of t+e $ose and
e#$resson 8+c+ +e +ad t+)s fat+f)ll" re$rod)ced1 4absc+ nfor's )s t+at
+e +as seen not+n& to eE)al t+e' n s)a2t" and ra$t)re n t+e che$s
dQ4uvre of t+e &reatest 'astersof Per)&no or Ra$+ael.9 It 8as fort)nate
t+at t+e tas3 8as co''tted to an artst so f)ll" eE)al to t+e occasonG and
t+e less fa2o)rable '$resson 'ade )$on one of o)rsel2es b" t+e s&+t of
t+e stat)e n t+e &rotto s+o)ld not1 $er+a$s1 be $laced n o$$oston to t+s
decs2e D)d&'ent of t+e sc)l$tor +'self.
%s re&ards t+e loftness of t+e 'essa&e1 8e +a2e less defnte &)dance.
,r. Bossare does not tell )s 8+et+er t s t+e d2ne co''and to 3ss t+e
eart+ for snners1 or t+e d2ne co''and to eat &rass1 8+c+ s 'anfestl"
be"ond t+e ntell&ence of a s'$le c+ld. -e d8ells onl" )$on t+e $+rase1
I a' t+e I''ac)late Conce$tonG9 and 8e 'a" ndeed ad't t+at t+s
$artc)lar 'ode of re$rod)cn& t+e $robabl" oftenC+eard state'ent t+at t+e
Vr&n 8as conce2ed 8t+o)t sn does ndcate a 'nd 8+c+ s et+er
supra or in$ra grammaticam .Y
If1 +o8e2er1 8e ')st ad't t+at t+e stor" of t+e a$$arton s not one
8+c+ co)ld +a2e fo)nd a $lace as e2dental n t+ese &roceedings, t+e sa'e
t+n& cannot be sad of anot+er ncdent1 ')c+ less notced1 b)t n tself far
'ore s)r$rsn&1 +i,KLI- n t+e recorded lfe of Bernadette. T+s ncdent
8as obser2ed and descrbed b" ,r. ,oNo)st+e $+"scan to 8+ose
ad2ocac" t+e credence besto8ed on Bernadette1 and t+e conseE)ent fa'e of
Lo)rdes1 see' to +a2e been n t+e frst nstance 'anl" d)e. ,r. Bossare
E)otes fro' ,r. ,oNo)s5 acco)nt1 b)t 8t+o)t &2n& an" reference1 nor
e2en t+e na'e of t+e 8or3 8+ere t+e ctaton occ)rs. 6e re$eat t+e stor"1
t+erefore1 as ,r. Bossare &2es t ($. <@)J
T+e &rl1 )$on +er 3nees1 +eld n one +and a l&+ted ta$er1 8+c+ rested
)$on t+e &ro)nd. ,)rn& +er ecstas" s+e $)t +er +ands to&et+er1 and +er
fn&ers 8ere loosel" crossed abo2e t+e fla'e1 8+c+ t+e" en2elo$ed n t+e
ca2t" bet8een t+e t8o +ands (dans l5es$Pce de 2onte E) les sU$arat). T+e
ta$er b)rntG t+e fla'e s+o8ed ts $ont bet8een t+e fn&ers and 8as blo8n
abo)t at t+e t'e b" a rat+er stron& c)rrent of ar. B)t t+e fla'e dd not
see' to $rod)ce an" alteraton n t+e s3n 8+c+ t to)c+ed.9
%stons+ed19 sa"s ,r. ,oNo)s1 at t+s stran&e fact1 I dd not allo8 an"
one to $)t a sto$ to t1 and ta3n& o)t '" 8atc+ I co)ld obser2e t $erfectl"
for a E)arter of an +o)r.9
L-e t+en descrbes +o8 +e e#a'ned +er +and ''edatel" after8ards1
and fo)nd no trace of b)rnn& on t.M
If ,r. ,oNo)s5 stor" be tr)e1 8+at are 8e to +old t+at t $ro2esW 6+at
$arallel cases +a2e 8e 8t+ 8+c+ to co'$are tW T+e ob2o)s ans8er s t+at
8e +a2e a seres of s'lar occ)rrences re$orted n t+e case of ,. ,. -o'e.
-o'e5s $+eno'ena of resstance to fre are1 n fact1 bot+ n t+e'sel2es 'ore
str3n& and better attested.Y
T+e 'racle of t+e ta$er19 t+erefore1 f tr)l" re$orted1 'a" s+o8 t+at
Bernadette 8as a 'ed)'19 b)t cannot farl" be )sed to $ro2e t+e acton of
t+e Vr&n /ar". (tll less safe 8o)ld t be to a$$eal to t+e ecstases
t+e'sel2es as $ro2n& t+e d2ne c+aracter of t+er ns$rn& ca)se. -ere1
a&an1 /r. ,anel -o'e also +ad +s ecstases1 controlled b" &)des9 8+o
8ere E)te as senst2e to +)'an ncred)lt" as betterCa)t+orsed sants
'&+t +a2e been. Lttle fat+Z9 t+e" 8o)ld e#cla'1 lttle fat+Z 6ll "o)
not tr)st n ,anW9
%nd t+s brn&s )s to t+e second $ont 'ar3ed o)t for o)r dsc)sson.
6+at connecton s to be dscerned bet8een t+e 2sons of Bernadette and
t+e c)res s)bseE)entl" occ)rrn& at Lo)rdesW
In t+e frst $lace1 t 'a" be obser2ed t+at t+e or&nal 8ords of t+e
'essa&e 'a3e no 'enton 8+ate2er of $+"scal +ealn&. On t+e contrar"1
t+e Vr&n e#$ressl" states t+at t+e +a$$ness 8+c+ s+e $ro'ses s to be
enDo"ed n t+e ne#t 8orld1 and not n t+s. 6+at s+e a$$arentl" a's at n
t+s 8orld s 8ors+$ for +erselfJ I 8ant $eo$le to co'e19 I 8ant $eo$le to
co'e n $rocesson.9 T+ere 8as also1 ndeed1 a drecton to 8as+ n t+e
strea'1 and to drn3 of t1 Land to eat t+e &rass &ro8n& on ts ban3sM.
6+et+er Bernadette1 or an" one else1 dd eat t s not E)te clear. %nd #hy
t+e" 8ere to eat t1 #hy t+e" 8ere to 8as+ n t+e strea'1 s stll 'ore
'"stero)s.Y B)t 8e need +ardl" $er+a$s f)rt+er anal"se t+e so'e8+at
nco+erent 'essa&e 8+c+ +as snce been 'ade to 'ean so ')c+ 'ore t+an
ts act)al 8ords 8ll carr".
% E)arr"'an of t+e na'e of Bo)rrette1 +o8e2er (Bossare1 $. @@)1
conce2ed t+e dea t+at t+e 8ater of t+e s$rn& n t+e &rotto '&+t 8t+
ad2anta&e be a$$led to +s e"es1 nD)red b" an e#$loson. T+e alle&ed &ood
effects of t+e 8ater1 n t+s and ot+er cases a'on& t+e ne&+bo)rn&
$easantr"1 started t+e lon& seres of c)res 8t+ 8+c+ 8e s+all $resentl"
+a2e to deal.
T+e connecton bet8een t+ese c)res and t+e Vr&n /ar" les n al'ost
+i,KLJ- all cases n t+e s)bDect2e con2cton of t+e s)fferer t+at +e 8ll be
c)red at Lo)rdes1 and t+at t+e Vr&n5s ad 8ll do t. (o'et'es1 no do)bt1
+s con2cton 'a" be renforced b" a dream, as 8+en /)sta$+a1 a
/)ss)l'an n Constantno$le1 drea't t+at a lad" n 8+te told +' t+at s+e
8as t+e Vr&n adored b" t+e Geor&an 4at+ers n t+at ct"G n 8+ose c+a$el1
n fact1 8ater fro' Lo)rdes s dstrb)ted &rats. /)sta$+a5s r&+t e"e1 8+c+
+e +ad comp=tement perdulost alto&et+er19 8as radicaement gu;ri
co'$letel" c)red9 (8e are told) 8+en +e a8o3e1 and ,r. Bossare
concl)des ($. .;=) t+at O)r Lad" of Lo)rdes see's to +a2e co''enced
t+e rel&o)s refor'aton of t+e East.Y9
6e +a2e not n analo&o)s cases consdered t+at s)bDect2e e2dence of
t+s 3nd1 e2en 8+en bac3ed )$ b" defnte assertons of dentt" and
contn)o)s acton on t+e $art of so'e )nseen a&ent1 dd reall" constt)te a
$roof t+at t+at a&ent 8as at 8or3. 6e +a2e re&arded t as stll $ossble1 and
e2en $robable1 t+at t+e effects 8ere $rod)ced b" selfCs)&&eston1 and t+at
t+e alle&ed ($rt or G)ardan 8as no 'ore t+an a for' n 8+c+ t+e selfC
s)&&eston clot+ed tself.
%n e#cellent acco)nt of t+e rel&o)s +stor" and e#$erences of
Bernadette8rtten fro' t+e $ont of 2e8 of a de2o)t Cat+olcs 7. B.
Estrade5s .es Apparitions de .ourdesV Souvenirs intimes dQun Temoin
(To)rs1 *A@@). /. Estrade 8as a resdent of Lo)rdesG +e se2eral t'es
8tnessed t+e ecstases of Bernadette1 and $ersonall" n2est&ated t+e 8+ole
case 8t+ &reat care. -e does not1 +o8e2er1 brn& for8ard an" e2dence to
s+o8 t+at t+e a$$artons 8ere 2erdcal1 and t+e acco)nt of t+e b)rnn&
ta$er 8+c+ +e &2es as E)oted fro' ,r. ,oNo)s s less re'ar3able t+an ,r.
Bossare5s narrat2e of t+e sa'e ncdent. Bernadette1 +e sa"s ($. *?*)1 8as
+oldn& +er rosar" n +er left +and1 and n t+e r&+t a lar&e l&+ted ta$er.
()ddenl" t+e r&+t +and1 a$$roac+n& t+e left1 $laced t+e fla'e of t+e lar&e
ta$er )nder t+e fn&ers of t+e latter1 8+c+ 8ere so far a$art t+at t+e fla'e
co)ld easl" $ass bet8een t+e'. Blo8n abo)t at t+e 'o'ent b" a rat+er
stron& c)rrent of ar1 t dd not a$$ear to $rod)ce an" effect on t+e s3n t+at
t to)c+ed.9 T+s 8ent on for a E)arter of an +o)r1 and on e#a'nn& t+e
+and before Bernadette left t+e $lace1 ,r. ,oNo)s fo)nd no trace of b)rnn&
on t. /. Estrade states t+at on anot+er occason +s o8n sster sa8 t+e
fn&ers of Bernadette restn& on t+e fla'e of a ta$er.
+i,KLK-
APPENDICES
TO
CHAPTER VI
'03 A . (nce /r. Galton5s 8ellC3no8n 8or3 8e +a2e beco'e fa'lar
8t+ n)'berCfor's9 and ot+er 2s)al sc+e'ata of t+o)&+t1 8+c+ tend to
s+a$e t+e'sel2es n 'an" 'nds. T+ese n)'berCfor's n2ol2e a co'$le#
nternal 2s)alsaton1 t+e 'nd5s e"e follo8n& t+er a$$arentl" f#ed lnes
and an&lesG b)t t+e" are also so'et'es e#ternalsed b" t+e s)bDect.
Professor 4lo)rno" t+)s descrbes t+e case of /. Yo8ano2tc+1 an
ntell&ent st)dent at Gene2a.
*
/.Y. s an e#cellent 2s)al1 of t+e &eo'etrcal rat+er t+an t+e
$ct)resE)e t"$e. -e +as no trace of colo)red a)dtonG b)t on t+e ot+er +and
$ossesses 8ellCdefned and localsed 2s)al sc+e'ata for t+e n)'erals1 t+e
da"s of t+e 8ee31 t+e 'ont+s1 &c. -s n)'berCfor'1 co'$osed of $arallel
lnes re$resentn& t+e +)ndreds1 occ)$es t+e r&+t +alf of t+e s$ace n front
of +'. In t+e left +alf floats +s da&ra' of t+e 8ee3 n t+e for' of a
+orNontal rectan&)lar f&)re d2ded nto se2en bands1 so'et+n& l3e a leaf
of r)led $a$er1 floatn& n t+e ar abo)t a 'etre fro' +'1 o$$oste +s left
t+&+. (tll 'ore to t+e left1 and at t+e +e&+t of +s +ead1 s st)ated +s "earC
for'1 an ell$se of s'all eccentrct" $resented n a nearl" 2ertcal $lane.
6+ene2er /.Y. t+n3s of a date of t+e "ear1 of a da" $ast or f)t)re of t+e
c)rrent 8ee31 or of a n)'ber1 +e $erce2es t n ts $ro$er $lace on t+e
corres$ondn& sc+e'a. I +a2e often +ad occason to 'a3e +' 8rte do8n
ra$dl" a seres of f&)res at rando'G no8 t+ese f&)res do not flo8 of
t+e'sel2es fro' +s $enG nor are t+e" $receded n +' b" t+er a)dtor"1
'otor1 or &ra$+c 'a&eG b)t +e s obl&ed1 n order to 8rte t+e'1 to c+oose
t+e' on +s n)'berCfor' as on a $ct)re $laced n front of +'. 4or t+s
$)r$ose1 +e does not loo3 stra&+t at t+e $a&e o2er 8+c+ +s $en s
tra2elln&1 b)t loo3s to t+e sde and abo2e t+e $a$er n t+e drecton of t+e
nternal da&ra'1 8+c+ s t+e central obDect of +s attenton. -e follo8s
8+at +e s 8rtn& onl" 8t+ an ndrect 2son1 l3e a +)rred co$"st 8+o
lets +s +and 8or3 of tself and 8ll not lose s&+t of t+e $a&e 8+c+ +e +as
to co$".
It 8ll be obser2ed t+at t+s case $resents a c)ro)s analo&" 8t+ t+e
art+'etcal $rod&es9 on 8+o' I d8elt n C+a$ter III. 6t+ so'e of t+e'
t+ere 8as a 3nd of 'ental blac3board on 8+c+ t+e f&)res 8+c+ +i,KLL-
8ere to be added )$ re'aned 2sble as lon& as needed. B)t n t+er case
t+e s)bl'nal self s)$$led also t+e calc)latn& faclt"G n /.Y.5s case t
see's onl" to +a2e stereot"$ed t+e 2s)al fra'e8or3 for co''on 'ental
o$eratons.
6e ta3e one ste$ f)rt+er n t+e drecton bot+ of t+e defnte c+aracter
and of t+e $otental e#ternalsaton of t+ese s)bl'nal E)asC$erce$ts 8+en
8e $assb" &rad)al transtonsfro' n)'berCfor's to audition coor;e.
% n)'berCfor' s an assocaton of an 'a&e 8t+ an dea$res)'abl" as
entrel" a res)lt of $ostCnatal e#$erence as s '" assocaton of '" frend5s
face 8t+ +s na'e. %nd so also ndeed audition coor;e,t+e $erce$ton of
a defnte 'a&nar"9 or s)bDect2e9 colo)r n assocaton 8t+ eac+
defnte act)al so)nd1'a" n so'e sl&+ter cases be d)e to $ostCnatal
('anl" nfantle) e#$erence 8or3n& )$on an nnate $reds$oston. B)t
8+en t+e s"nFst+esF of 8+c+ so)ndCseen& s onl" t+e 'ost cons$c)o)s
e#a'$le are fo)nd n f)ller de2elo$'entG8+en &radated1 $ere'$tor"1
ne#$lcable assocatons connect sensatons of l&+t and colo)r 8t+
sensatons of te'$erat)re1 s'ell1 taste1 ')sc)lar resstance1 &c.1 &c.Gfor
/. Gr)ber fnds t+at t+ese ln3s e#st n "et )ne#$lored 2aret"Gt+en t
beco'es $robable t+at 8e are dealn&1 not 8t+ t+e cas)al assocatons of
c+lds+ e#$erence1 b)t 8t+ so'e reflecton or rradaton of s$ecalsed
sensatons 8+c+ ')st de$end on t+e connate str)ct)re of t+e bran tself.
*
%nd t+e de&ree of $recson s+o8n n t+ese entence$+alc refle#es1f I
'a" so ter' t+e'1see's to e#ceed t+e $recson attanable b" t+e
2ol)ntar" attenton of t+e s)$ral'nal self.
'03 B . % str3n& case1 co'bnn& bot+ t+e s)bl'nal ntell&ence and
t+e 2s)al e#ternalsaton1 8as descrbed b" Professor Gr)ber1 of t+e
:n2erst" of 7ass"1 Ro)'ana1 at t+e Internatonal Con&ress of
E#$er'ental Ps"c+olo&" n London1 %)&)st *A@.. In one selfCobser2er of
e#ce$tonal endo8'ent1 /. Gr)ber fnds t+at t+e c+ro'ats's19 as +e calls
t+e'1t+e $atc+es of colo)r acco'$an"n& t+e a)dton of $artc)lar
8ords1follo8 certan defnte r)les as to sNe and s+a$e1 de$endn& $artl"
on t+e $+onetc1 and $artl" on t+e ntellect)al1 s&nfcance of t+e 8ord
8+c+ t+e s)bDect +eard.
.
T+s c)ro)s fact 8o)ld ob2o)sl" +a2e re'aned
)n$ro2able +ad t+ere been no $ossblt" of obDect2e 'eas)re'ent. B)t t+s
$ossblt" fort)natel" e#sts.
+i,KLM-
/" s)bDect19 sa"s /. Gr)ber1 +as t+e $o8er of e#ternalsn& +s
c+ro'ats'sG +e $roDects t+e'1 for nstance1 )$on t+e o$$oste 8all1 at no
'atter 8+at dstance. I c+ose a dstance of t+ree 'etres1 8+c+ s t+at at
8+c+ +s 2son s 'ost dstnct. I t+en 'ade a crcle of 8+te $a$er 8+c+ I
s)$$osed to be of t+e sa'e sNe as +s c+ro'ats' of t+e n)'ber do (t8o)1
and bordered t 8t+ br&+t scarlet. -e $roDected +s c+ro'ats' nto t+s
crcle. B)t t+e crcle 8as1 n fact1 s'aller t+an +s c+ro'atc crcle1 and a
rn& of oran&e 8as 'ade b" t+e s)$er$oston of t+e s)bDect2e "ello8 of +s
c+ro'ats' )$on t+e obDect2e scarlet. I enlar&ed t+e crcle. T+s t'e +e
sa8 a 8+te rn& bet8een t+e obDect2e fra'e of scarlet and t+e s)bDect2e
"ello8. %t last 8e &ot t+e ed&es of t+e c+ro'ats' to to)c+ $recsel" t+e
ed&es of t+e 8+te crcle. 6e +ad fo)nd t+e e#act sNe of t+e c+ro'ats'
and co)ld no8 'eas)re t to a 'll'etre.9
T+e fore&on& $assa&e 8ll s+o8 +o8 clearl" defned t+ese
entence$+alc $erce$ts 'a" be. It s so'et'es $ossble also to s+o8 t+at
t+e" re$resent (as I s+o)ld e#$ect t+e' to re$resent) a 'e'or" 'ore
co'$lete and a $erce$ton 'ore e#act t+an t+e s)$ral'nal self can
co''and. T+)s1 /r. Galton +ad alread" 'entoned a case 8+ere a lad"
)sed +er c+ro'ats's to correct +er s$elln&t+e c+ro'ats' s+o8n&1 sa"1
8+et+er or not t+ere 8ere t8o e5s n a&reeable1 and correctn& +er
s)$ral'nal $ct)re of t+e 8ord b" t+e s"'bolc colo)red eE)2alent of
eac+ s)ccess2e letter 8+c+ t+)s rose fro' a 'e'or" dee$er n +er ben&.
In t+e dsc)sson follo8n& Professor Gr)ber5s re$ort at t+e Con&ress1 /r.
Galton 'entoned Le$s)s t+e Orentalst as +a2n& been s'larl" &)ded n
$+lolo&cal n2est&aton. %nd one of /. Gr)ber5s s)bDects1 a $rofessonal
sn&er1 8+en ta)&+t to anal"se +s o8n c+ro'ats's1 fo)nd t+at t+e"
corrected +s ear n sn&n&G so t+at f +e san& a false note 8t+o)t detectn&
t b" ear t+e acco'$an"n& $atc+ of colo)r s+o8ed +' +s 'sta3e.
*
In t+e American 1ourna o$ &sychoogy for %$rl *@>> (2ol. #. $$. ;==K
<><)1 /r. G. /. 6+$$le &2es a re$ort of detaled obser2atons of +s o8n
on t8o cases of s"nFst+esF1 and re'ar3s t+at n2est&ators ')st be
$re$ared not onl" for a consderable de&ree of 2araton bet8een dfferent
nd2d)als1 b)t also for 2araton 8t+n t+e sa'e nd2d)al. One of +s
s)bDects s+o8ed 'ar3ed taste $+ots's1 to&et+er 8t+ t+e stll 'ore )n)s)al
feat)re of $+ons's to $an1 $ress)re1 and te'$erat)re.
'0* A . T+e dstncton bet8een afterC'a&es and 'e'or"C'a&es1
alt+o)&+ so'et'es ne&lected b" careless 8rters1 s a 'ar3ed oneG snce
afterC'a&es1 $ro$erl" so called1 are a for' of ento$tc 2son1 d)e to t+e
act)al condton of t+e retna at t+e 'o'entG 8+le 'e'or"C'a&es are a +i,
KLN- for' of t+at 'nd5sCe"e9 2son (central1 cerebral1 nternal1 s)bDect2e)
8+c+ lac3s as "et a reco&nsed scentfc na'e. !e2ert+eless1 a transtonal
$+eno'enon s fo)nd n iusions hypnagogiques, t+e 22d $ct)res 8+c+
8t+ 'an" $ersons rse before t+e n8ard e"e9 at t+e 'o'ent of falln&
aslee$1 or e2en n 8a3n& +o)rs. T+ese 'a" closel" rese'ble $ost$oned
afterC'a&esG or a&an1 t+e" 'a" ass)'e t+e 'ore &eneralsed c+aracter of
'e'or"C'a&esG or (and t+s $er+a$s s t+e co''onest case) t+e" 'a"
s+o8 co'bnatons as no2el and fantastc as an" 8+c+ delberate
'a&naton co)ld s)''on )$. % &ood e#a'$le of t+s transton fro'
afterC'a&es to 'e'or"C'a&es s afforded b" t+e follo8n& caref)l
acco)nt1 8+c+ I o8e to t+e 3ndness of ,r. T+. 4lo)rno"1 Professor of
P+loso$+" n t+e :n2erst" of Gene2a1 and no8 E)ote fro' an artcle of
'" o8n n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <?;J
August *A@..
%lt+o)&+ not +abt)all" s)bDect to +"$na&o&c +all)cnatons1 I +a2e
e#$erenced so'e ten or t8el2e1 of t+e 2s)al t"$e1 and concerned 8t+
obDects 8+c+ +ad en&a&ed '" $rolon&ed attenton d)rn& t+e da".
In *A=?1 after '" frst da" of anato'cal dssecton1 I +ad t+e
+all)cnaton of an a$one)ross1 s$read o)t 8del". In *A=@1 after a lon&
afternoon s$ent at c+ess1 t+e 2son of a c+essboard ca'e to 'e before I
8ent to slee$. (e2eral t'es n *A=A1 after a da" of 'crosco$cal 8or31 t+e
'a&e of a $re$araton ca'e before 'e as a +"$na&o&c +all)cnaton.
T+ese t+ree cases str)c3 'e forcbl"1 beca)se at t+at date I +ad ne2er +eard
an" 'enton of s)c+ $+eno'ena. (nce t+en I +a2e +ad a fe8 'ore
e#$erences1 )nder t+e follo8n& condtonsJ
(*) 6+en after a lon& nter2al I occ)$" '"self earnestl" 8t+ so'e
&2en s)bDect I see t+at e2enn& a corres$ondn& +"$na&o&c +all)cnatonG
as of c+essboard1 &eo'etrcal f&)res1 'crosco$cal $re$aratonG8+c+
does not re$eat tself f I contn)e to attend to t+e sa'e 'atter on
s)bseE)ent da"s. (.) B)t1 on t+e ot+er +and1 I so'et'es see n t+e da"t'e1
t8o or t+ree da"s later1 a 2er" dstnct 'a&e of t+e obDect n E)eston. T+s
'a&e does not a'o)nt to a +all)cnatonG t s not e#ternalsed1 nor s t as
22d as a $erce$tonGb)t1 as I a' a 2er" bad 2s)alser1 t+s 22d and
$recse 'a&e s broadl" dstn&)s+ed fro' '" +abt)al 'a&es1 8+c+ are
8ea31 fra&'entar"1 and ndstnct. (;) !et+er t+e +"$na&o&c 'a&e nor t+e
d)rnal 'a&e are e#act re$rod)ctons of t+e &2en obDect at a &2en
'o'ent. T+e" are typica 'a&es of a$one)ross or c+essboardnot
re$rod)ctons of so'e s$ecfc as$ect 8+c+ +as stron&l" '$ressed 'e. Yet
t+e" are concrete and $recse.
I re&ard t+ese +"$na&o&c 'a&es1 and all 'e'or"C'a&es1 +o8e2er
recent and ntense1 as radcall" dfferent fro' t+e afterC'a&es9 of t+e e"e.
T+ese last +a2e a E)alt" sui generis, a sensatonal coCeffcent9 8+c+
'a3es t+e' see' to 'e to e#st o)tsde 'e1 f I see t+e' 8t+ o$en e"esG or
to belon& to '" e"e1 as t+o)&+ st)c3 nsde '" e"eld1 f I see t+e' 8t+
e"es closed. %ll ot+er 'a&es see' to 'e to be seen 8t+ t+e 'nd5s e"e. I
class afterC'a&es 8t+ e#ternal $erce$tonsG all ot+er 'a&es1 8+et+er as
22d as '" +"$na&o&c +all)cnatons or as fant as t+e ordnar" 2s)al
f)rnt)re of '" 'nd1 I $lace n a E)te dfferent cate&or".
In t+s case t8o $onts co'e clearl" o)tna'el"1 (*) t+e res)r&ence +i,
KLO- of a decadent 'a&e 8t+ so'et+n& l3e ts or&nal brllanc"G (.) t+e
$rocess of &eneralsaton 8+c+ t+s 'a&e +as s)bl'nall" )nder&one.
T+ere are ot+er 8ellC3no8n nstances of t+e sa'e 3ndJ !e8ton and t+e
s$ectr)'G Ballar&er and t+e &a)Ne 8+c+ +e +ad been )sn& n anato'cal
$re$aratonsG Po)c+et and t+e 'crosco$cal obDects.
*
In all t+ese cases t+e
res)r&ent 'a&es a$$ear to +a2e been of a &eneralsed t"$e1b)t
&eneralsed1 so to sa"1 da&ra''atcall"1 not bl)rred or )ncertan1 b)t as one
8o)ld $re$are t+e' for a de'onstraton.
.
4or t+s reason t s certanl"
better not to class t+e' as afterC'a&es19 reser2n& t+at ter' for cases of
$)rel" $+"solo&cal re$rod)ctons of e#ternal 'a&es. %nd n fact 8e fnd
t+at t+ese haucinations hypnagogiques de$art f)rt+er and f)rt+er fro'
'ere re$rod)ctons of obDects seen. T+e" ass)'e all 3nds of &rotesE)e
for's1 and s+o8 re'ar3able n2ent2eness n $rod)cn& +)ndreds of faces
8+c+ t+e $erc$ent +as ne2er seen before.
'10 A . T+e follo8n& re'ar3s b" /rs. Verrall (8+c+ I E)ote fro'
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <A> are of nterest on t+e 8+ole E)eston of
t+e e#ternalsaton of 'a&es1 and also as to t+e transfor'aton nto 2s)al
ter's of a tactle '$resson s)bl'nall" rece2edJ
(nce recordn& '" e#$er'ents n cr"stalC2son I +a2e been tr"n&
so'e f)rt+er e#$er'ents of a dfferent 3nd1 8t+ a 2e8 to testn& '"
$o8er of 2s)alsaton.
I fnd t+at I a' able to call )$ a 2ol)ntar" $ct)re of an obDect or a scene
8t+ e#tre'e dstnctnessG ndeed1 n t+e case of a s'$le obDect1 t+e 2s)al
'a&e1 as far as I can dsco2er1 dffers fro' t+e act)al obDect onl" n +a2n&
no soldt"t+at s1 t casts no s+ado8 and a$$ears to be all on t+e sa'e
$lane. T+e for' s as 8ell defned and t+e colo)r a$$ears as 22d n t+e
2s)alsaton as n t+e real t+n&. I +a2e endea2o)red to ascertan 8+et+er
for' and colo)r are eE)all" 8ell re$rod)ced n t+e 2s)alsaton1 and as far
as '" o8n '$resson &oes t+ere s no dfferenceG I ne2er t+n3 of a
colo)red obDect 8t+o)t ts colo)r1 b)t I +a2e not been able to $rod)ce
co'$le'entar" afterC'a&es fro' &aNn& at an 'a&nar" colo)r. I 'a" sa"
t+at t s onl" after a $rolon&ed &aNn& at a real colo)r t+at I can see t+e
co'$le'entar" afterC'a&e1 and t+e colo)r of t+e afterC'a&e s ne2er
an"t+n& b)t 2er" fant.
/" 2s)alsatons )s)all"1 as I +a2e sad1 +a2e no soldt"1 b)t I a' able
at an" t'e to n2est t+e' 8t+ soldt" b" 'a&nn& t+at I see t+e real t+n&
and not a 'e'or" or 'a&naton $ct)re. In t+at case t+e" cast s+ado8s1
and I a' able to realse dstance. I +a2e ')c+ 'ore control o2er t+e' 8+en
once t+e" are t+ere t+an I +a2e o2er cr"stalC2sons.
+i,KMP-
%t one t'e1 so'e t+ree "ears a&o1 I tred a lon&s+ seres of
e#$er'ents 8t+ cards 8t+ a 2e8 to seen& 8+et+er I co)ld ed)cate '"
sense of to)c+ s)ffcentl" to dstn&)s+ t+e cards after $assn& '" t+)'bs
once s8ftl" o2er t+e face of eac+ card.
*
I +ad so'e s)ccess1 b)t t+e reason
I record t+e e#$er'ent +ere s t+sJ %t frst1 8+le '" attenton 8as
consco)sl" drected to '" fn&ers1 I 8as a8are t+at I co)ld detect
dfferences n s'oot+ness of s)rface1 8+c+ I learnt &rad)all" to nter$retG
b)t after a co)$le of +)ndred trals1 8+en I &re8 'ore e#$ert and 'ore
fa'lar 8t+ t+e e#$er'ent1 I lost all consco)sness of t+e 'eans 8+c+
enabled 'e to &)ess1 and sa89 $ct)res of t+e cards 8+c+ deter'ned9
t+e $artc)lar &)ess. T+s e#$er'ent see's to s+o8 t+at concl)sons
arr2ed at b" ot+er 'eans are $resented to '" 'nd n t+e for' of 2s)al
'a&es1 and s)&&ests t+at s)dden 2s)al '$ressons1 s$ontaneo)s as 8ell as
nd)ced1 'a" n '" case be $roDected 2s)all" after t+e" +a2e been
$rod)ced n so'e ot+er 8a".
'1( A .SW22A7Y <9 T'8 78&<7T <N T'8 C8NSWS <9
'A..WC(NAT(<NS
T+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons9 8as )nderta3en n *AA@ b" a Co''ttee
of t+e (.P.R.1 )nder t+e drecton of Professor (d&8c31 and consstn& of
+'self and /rs. (d&8c31 ,r. %. T. /"ers1 /r. 4. Pod'ore1 /ss %.
7o+nson1 and t+e $resent 8rter1 and t+e f)ll re$ort of t+e Co''ttee 8as
$)bls+ed n *A@< (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .?K<..). T+e obDect of
t+e nE)r" 8as
(*) To ascertan a$$ro#'atel" 8+at $ro$orton of $ersons +a2e
e#$erenced sensor" +all)cnatonsJ
(.) To obtan detals as to s)c+ e#$erences 8t+ a 2e8 to e#a'nn&
nto t+er ca)se and 'eann&.
It 8as es$ecall" ntended to test 8+et+er t+e n)'ber of 2erdcal9
+all)cnatons (i.e. +all)cnatons re$resentn& so'e e#ternal fact) 8as1 or
8as not1 s)ffcentl" n)'ero)s n $ro$orton to t+e 8+ole to $recl)de )s
fro' re&ardn& as 'erel" accdental t+e concdence of fact and $+antas'.
T+e nE)r" 8as cond)cted b" t+e assstance of collectors9 (<*> n
n)'ber). Eac+ of t+ese 8as nstr)cted to address t+e follo8n& E)eston to
t8ent"Cf2e ad)lts1 to be c+osen 8t+o)t reference to t+e $robablt" of an
affr'at2e ans8erJ
-a2e "o) e2er1 8+en bele2n& "o)rself to be co'$letel" a8a3e1 +ad a
22d '$resson of seen&1 or ben& to)c+ed b" a l2n& ben& or nan'ate
obDect1 or of +earn& a 2oceG 8+c+ '$resson1 so far as "o) co)ld
dsco2er1 8as not d)e to an" e#ternal $+"scal ca)seW9
T+e ans8er !o9 and t+e ans8er Yes9 8ere to be recorded 8t+ eE)al
scr)$)lo)snessG b)t n t+e case of an affr'at2e ans8er1 a frstC+and 8rtten
acco)nt of t+e detals 8as1 f $ossble1 to be obtaned. T+e sco$e of t+e
nE)r" 8as des&ned to e#cl)de t+e +all)cnatons of slee$1 delr)'1 and
nsant".
% s'lar 'et+od of nE)r" +ad been e'$lo"ed b" G)rne" (2.
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . c+a$1 #.)1 b)t on a scale $er+a$s +ardl"
lar&e eno)&+ to enable 2ald nferences as to t+e $ro$orton of 2erdcal and
nonC2erdcal cases to be dra8n fro' t+e n)'ber of $ersons E)estoned
(?=>?). +i,KMG- In t+e $resent nE)r"1 cond)cted d)rn& t+e t+ree "ears
*AA@K@.1 *=1>>> $ersons 8ere E)estoned. %fter ded)ctn& s)c+ affr'at2e
ans8ers as 8ere fo)nd to refer to e#$erences o)tsde t+e sco$e of t+e
nE)r" (e.g., drea's1 '$ressons of nartc)late so)nds1 +all)cnatons
occ)rrn& d)rn& an" llness of a 3nd t+at s 3no8n to $rod)ce delr)')
t+ere re'aned *BA< affr'at2e ans8ers (7eport, $. ;@)1 t+at s to sa"1 @.@
$er cent1 of t+e 8+ole.
T+e E)eston arses1 -o8 far does t+s res)lt re$resent t+e tr)e state of
t+n&sW Is t to an" consderable e#tent 2tated b" $ossbltes of error and
dece$tonW
Intentonal dece$ton s not l3el" to +a2e +ad an" a$$recable nfl)ence.
T+e 'et+od of nE)r"t+e E)estonn& b" t+e collector of +s
acE)antancesand t+e absence of an" 'ot2e for dece$ton1 $ractcall"
enttle )s to lea2e t o)t of acco)nt.
% certan n)'ber of $ersons ref)sed to ans8er t+e Cens)s E)eston. B)t
t+e $ro$orton of ref)sals re$orted 8as n &eneral s'allG and a consderaton
of t+e reasons re$orted for ref)sn& led to t+e concl)son t+at ref)sals
$robabl" onl" red)ced to a s'all e#tent t+e $ro$orton of affr'at2e
ans8ers.
%n ob2o)s dan&er 8as t+at of selecton b" t+e collectors of $ersons to
be E)estoned accordn& to 8+at t+e" 8ere l3el" to sa". T+e nstr)ctons to
collectors (7eport, %$$end# %1 $. <>;)1 and t+e n)'ber of ans8ers (.?) to
be obtaned b" eac+1 8ere des&ned to ob2ate t+s error. In order1 'oreo2er1
to c+ec3 t+e res)lts on t+s $ont1 collectors 8ere as3ed to 'ar3 n t+er lsts
t+e na'es of t+ose $ersons 8+ose ans8ers 8ere $re2o)sl" 3no8n. T+s
c+ec31 )nfort)natel"1 8as not f)ll" o$erat2e1 t+ro)&+ t+e ne&lect of so'e
collectors to carr" t o)t. % f)rt+er 'ore effcent c+ec3 8as a co'$arson
bet8een t+e 8+ole collecton and
5a6 %ns8ers obtaned fro' co'$lete )nselected &ro)$s of $ersons1 e.g.
+o)se+olds or c+ance &at+ern&s.
5b6 %ns8ers collected b" t+e Co''ttee and 2o)c+ed for b" t+e' as
)nselected.
5c6 %ns8ers collected b" $ersons traned n 'edcne or $s"c+olo&".
T+ese t+ree sets of ans8ers are &2en n a table on $. <@ of t+e Re$ort1
and n t+s table t+e $ercenta&e of affr'at2e ans8ers s abo2e t+e a2era&e.
It 'a" t+en be nferred t+at t+e $ercenta&e of affr'at2e ans8ers n t+e
8+ole collecton +as not been ncreased b" selecton.
% 'ore '$ortant so)rce of error +as ne#t to be consdered1 na'el"1
for&etf)lnessG et+er a te'$orar" and s)$erfcal for&etf)lness1 8+c+ 'a"
lead $eo$le to ans8er !o9 8+en f)rt+er care and t+o)&+t 8o)ld +a2e
$rod)ced t+e ans8er Yes9G or t+e real obl2on 8+c+ n co)rse of t'e
'a" bans+ 'an" e#$erences be"ond t+e $o8er of recall. In order to D)d&e
of t+e effect of t+s1 t+e n)'ber of 2s)al +all)cnatons re$orted 8ere
tab)lated accordn& to t+e t'e t+at +ad ela$sed n eac+ case bet8een t+er
occ)rrence and t+e date 8+en t+e $erc$ent ans8ered t+e Cens)s E)eston.
It 8as fo)nd t+at t+e n)'ber 8as co'$arat2el" lar&e for t+e 'ost recent
"ear1 and decreased ra$dl" as t+e "ears beca'e 'ore re'oteat e&+t1
nne1 and ten "ears a&o beco'n& less t+an +alf 8+at t 8as at frst (7eport,
table 2.1 $$. <; and BB). T+e concl)son (based on t+s table and on ot+er
consderatons &2en f)ll" on $$. B;KB? of t+e Re$ort) 8as arr2ed at t+at1
ro)&+l" s$ea3n&1 t+e n)'ber of 2s)al +all)cnatons re$orted ')st be
')lt$led b" fo)r to &2e t+e tr)e n)'ber e#$erenced o2er t+e a&e of ten.
%t t+e sa'e t'e1 t+e n)'bers re$orted are 2al)able as a record of t+e
n)'ber of +all)cnatons re'e'bered1 +i,KMH- and afford 'eans of
co'$arn& t+e n)'ber and '$ress2eness of dfferent 3nds of
+all)cnatons.
C+a$ters IV. to 0I. of t+e Re$ort contan dsc)ssons of
IV.T+e $+eno'ena of +all)cnatons n &eneral1 dfferent
de&rees of e#ternalsaton of +all)cnatons1 and t+er
relaton to sensor" '$ressons 8+c+ are not f)ll"
e#ternalsed1 and to t+e $o8er of 2s)alsaton.
V. T+e relaton of ll)sons to +all)cnatons1 and t+e $art
$la"ed b" points de rep=re n t+e latter.
VI.T+e for' and de2elo$'ent of +all)cnatons.
VII.T+er $+"solo&"G t+e $+"solo&cal acton n2ol2ed n
'ost +all)cnatons s $robabl" e#cl)s2el" cerebral.
VIII.%&e1 se#1 +eredt"1 natonalt"1 and +ealt+ consdered
n relaton to +all)cnatons. !)'ber of $ersons 8+o
+a2e +ad 'ore t+an one +all)cnaton1 and cases n
8+c+ t+e sa'e for' of +all)cnaton s re$eated se2eral
t'es.
I0./ental and ner2o)s condtonsG effects of e'oton and
an#et".
0. E#$ectanc" and s)&&estonG t+e o$eraton of s)&&eston
n t+e $rod)cton and de2elo$'ent of +all)cnatons.
0I.Or&anc effects so'et'es acco'$an"n& +all)cnatons1
and t+e o$eraton of s)&&eston n $rod)cn& t+ese.
T+ese c+a$ters are $rof)sel" ll)strated 8t+ e#a'$les of all 3nds.
4or o)r $resent $)r$ose t+e 'an E)eston relates to t+e re$orted
$ro$orton of 2erdcal +all)cnatons1 and es$ecall" of deat+C
concdences19 t+at s to sa"1 cases n 8+c+ a reco&nsed a$$arton
occ)rred 8t+n t8el2e +o)rs of t+e deat+ of t+e $erson re$resented b" t1
t+e deat+ ben& )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent at t+e t'e (7eport, C+a$ters 0II.
and 0III).
E#cl)dn& cases occ)rrn& to $erc$ents 8+o +a2e +ad ot+er
+all)cnatons1 t+e e#act n)'ber of 8+c+ 8as not re$orted1 and e#$erences
of c+ldren )nder ten1 8e fnd B? deat+Cconcdences (7eport, $. .>@)
re$orted at frstC+and o)t of t+e total of ;?> reco&nsed a$$artons of l2n&
$ersons (ibid., $. .<B). (nce deat+Cconcdences are better re'e'bered and
'ore s$o3en of t+an t+e &eneralt" of +all)cnatons1 a ds$ro$ortonate
n)'ber 'a" be e#$ected to +a2e been 3no8n b" t+e collectors1 and1 n fact1
.? $er cent1 of deat+Cconcdences1 as a&anst A $er cent1 of all ot+er
reco&nsed a$$artons of l2n& $ersons1 are stated to +a2e been so 3no8n.
(o'e allo8ance ')st t+erefore be 'ade n t+s class of cases for t+e
$ossblt" of error arsn& fro' selecton.
Of t+e B? cases1 ; 8ere 3no8n to +a2e been selected1 and t+erefore left
o)t of acco)nt n t+e calc)laton. Of t+e re'ann& B.1 *B 8ere 3no8n
before+and to t+e collectorG .B 8ere not 3no8nG and for t+e re'ann& .>
t+ere 8as no e2dence et+er 8a". On t+e s)$$oston t+at t+e nfl)ence of
$re2o)s 3no8led&e and selecton 8as t+e sa'e $ro$ortonatel" n t+ose
cases as n t+e cases 8+ere ts o$eraton 8as ascertanable (2. 7eport, $.
.<;1 footnote ; for detaled calc)laton)1 a ded)cton of A 8as 'ade to co2er
t+e $ossble ds$ro$orton d)e to selecton. % f)rt+er s$ecal allo8ance 8as
'ade for t+e $ossblt" of e#a&&eraton1 snce n co'$arn& deat+C
concdences 8t+ +all)cnatons n &eneral1 t 8as fo)nd t+at t+e re'oter
cases of deat+Cconcdences 8ere )nd)l" n)'ero)s n $ro$orton to t+e
recent ones1 8+c+ s)&&ested t+at so'e of t+e re'ote cases re$orted 8ere
not reall" concdental. On t+s &ro)nd1 .. cases 8ere ded)cted1 lea2n& ;.
deat+Cconcdences (7eport, $$. .<.K<;).
+i,KMI-
On t+e ot+er +and1 to obtan a far est'ate of t+e total n)'ber of
reco&nsed a$$artons of l2n& $ersons 8+c+ +ad act)all" occ)rred1 n
order to co'$are t+ese 8t+ t+e n)'ber of deat+Cconcdences1 t+e n)'ber
of t+e for'er re$orted 8as rased1 b" 'a3n& t+e correcton for
for&etf)lness1 to *;>> (2. 7eport, $$. B;K?1 and $. .<= for detals of t+e
calc)latons). T+e fnal res)lt 8as t+)s abo)t ;> deat+Cconcdences o)t of
*;>> cases1 or a $ro$orton of abo)t * n <;.
(nce t+e a2era&e ann)al deat+Crate n En&land and 6ales s *@.*? $er
*>>>1 (accordn& to t+e Re&strarCGeneral5s Re$ort for *A@>)1 t+e $robablt"
t+at an" one $erson ta3en at rando' 8ll de on a &2en da" s *@.*? n
;B?1>>>1 or abo)t * n *@1>>>. T+s 'a" be ta3en as t+e &eneral $robablt"
t+at +e 8ll de on t+e da" on 8+c+ +s a$$arton s seen and reco&nsed1
s)$$osn& t+at t+ere s no ca)sal connecton bet8een t+e a$$arton and t+e
deat+. In ot+er 8ords1 o)t of e2er" *@1>>> a$$artons of l2n& $ersons
t+ere s+o)ld be b" c+ance one deat+Cconcdence.
B)t t+e act)al $ro$orton fo)nd1 2N.1 * n <;1 s eE)al to abo)t <<> n
*@1>>>1 or <<> t'es t+e 'ost $robable n)'ber. Or1 loo3n& at t+e 'atter
anot+er 8a"1 8e s+o)ld reE)re ;>\*@1>>>1 or ?=>1>>> a$$artons to
$rod)ce b" c+ance ;> cases of deat+Cconcdences. Of t+ese a$$artons1 8e
'a" ass)'e t+at abo)t oneCE)arter1 or *<.1?>>1 8o)ld be re'e'bered. 6e
s+o)ld t+erefore e#$ect to +a2e to collect *<.1?>> cases1 nstead of ;?>1 n
order to obtan b" c+ance ;> deat+Cconcdences.
T+s s t+e case f 8e ta3e1 as 8e +a2e done1 deat+Cconcdences to 'ean
an a$$arton occ)rrn& 8t+n t8el2e +o)rs of t+e deat+ of t+e $erson seen.
B)t t+e &reat 'aDort" of t+e concdences are bele2ed b" t+e $erc$ents to
be closer t+an t+s1 and t+e '$robablt" of t+e a$$arton occ)rrn& b"
c+ance 8t+n an +o)r of t+e deat+ s of co)rse t8el2e t'es as &reat as t+at
of ts occ)rrn& 8t+n t8el2e +o)rs of t.
T+s statstcal res)lt s of co)rse 8ort+less1 )nless t+e concdences
t+e'sel2es are 8ell a)t+entcated. It s '$ossble to s)''arse t+e
e2dence for t+e'1 8+c+ 8o)ld no do)bt be est'ated dfferentl" b"
dfferent $ersonsG b)t a lar&e n)'ber of t+e bestCe2denced cases are $rnted
n t+e Re$ort1 and s)$$osn& t+at onl" a fe8 of t+ese are correctl" re$orted1
t+e $ro$orton re'ans far too lar&e to be attrb)ted to c+ance.
T+e e#$lanaton of c+ance concdence ben& t+)s $)t o)t of co)rt1 t+e
o$$onent of a tele$at+c or ot+er s)$ernor'al e#$lanaton ')st 'antan
one of t+ree ot+er +"$ot+eses1 (*) -e 'a" assert t+at t+e concdences +a2e
been e#a&&erated to a ')c+ &reater e#tent t+an t+e Co''ttee allo8ed forG
8+c+ ar&)'ent can onl" be 'et b" reference to t+e e2dence&2en f)ll"
n t+e Re$ortfor t+e 2aro)s cases. (.) -e 'a" s)$$ose t+at t+e" 8ere
s$ecall" so)&+t after b" t+e collectors and lle&t'atel" ntrod)ced nto t+e
collecton to a ')c+ lar&er e#tent n $ro$orton to nonCconcdental cases
t+an 8as allo8ed for. O)r re$l" 8o)ld be t+at n t8ent"Cs# of t+e total
n)'ber of deat+Cconcdences1 t+e collectors re$orted t+at t+e" dd not
3no8 of t+e case before+and1 and t+erefore co)ld not +a2e selected t to
ncl)de. (#teen of t+ese cases are $rnted n t+e Re$ort1 so t+at t+e e2dence
for t+e' can be st)ded. (;) %d'ttn& t+at deat+Cconcdences reall" e#st1
and are too freE)ent to be attrb)ted to c+ance1 t 'a" be ar&)ed t+at t+e
ca)sal connecton bet8een +all)cnaton and deat+ s not tele$at+c1 b)t
conssts n a condton fa2o)rable to +all)cnaton ben& $rod)ced n t+e
$erc$ent n so'e nor'al 8a" b" t+e crc)'stances of t+e caseG for
nstance1 b" an#et" abo)t t+e d"n& +i,KMJ- $erson. T+ere s so'e e2dence
n t+e Re$ort t+at 'ental tenson1 an#et"1 or ot+er e'otonal ca)ses are to
so'e e#tent fa2o)rable to +all)cnatons1 and f a +all)cnaton occ)rs1 ts
for' s l3el" to be deter'ned b" 8+ate2er s)bDect t+e $erc$ent s
t+n3n& of. B)t s)c+ a ca)se co)ld onl" $rod)ce a deat+Cconcdence f t+e
$erc$ent 8ere a8are of t+e d"n& $erson5s condton1 and n 'an" of t+e
cases re$orted (ten of 8+c+ are $rnted n t+e Re$ort)1 t+e $erc$ent +ad
not e2en +eard of t+e d"n& $erson5s llness. It 8as t+erefore '$ossble t+at
an#et" s+o)ld +a2e ca)sed t+e +all)cnaton n t+ose cases1 and e2en n
cases 8+ere so'e de&ree of an#et" e#sted1 t+e closeness of t+e
concdence s nadeE)atel" acco)nted for b" t.
T+e re'ander of t+e Re$ort treats of +all)cnatons concdn& 8t+
ot+er e2ents t+an deat+s1 collect2e +all)cnatons1 $re'ontons1 and 8+at
are called local a$$artons9t+at s1 t+ose seen re$eatedl" n certan
localtesand $+antas's of t+e dead.
I ')st add t+at 8+le t+s ar&)'ent fro' statstcs and $ercenta&es1
ca$able as t s at once of acc)rate est'aton and of ndefnte e#tenson1
constt)tes tec+ncall" t+e stron&est s)$$ort of t+e t+ess of ca)sal
connecton bet8een deat+s and a$$artons1 t s "et b" no 'eans t+e ony
s)$$ort1 nor e2en t+e 'ost $ractcall" con2ncn&. T+ose deat+s and t+ose
a$$artons are not 'ere s'$le 'o'entar" facts1as t+o)&+ 8e 8ere
dealn& 8t+ t8o cloc3s 8+c+ str)c3 s')ltaneo)sl". Eac+ s a co'$le#
occ)rrence1 and t+e corres$ondence s often ')c+ 'ore t+an a 'ere
concdence of t'e alone. (o'et'es1 ndeed1 t+e alle&ed concdence s so
detaled and nt'ate t+at1 f t+e e2dence for a sn&le case s f)ll" bele2ed1
t+at case s eno)&+ to carr" con2cton.
T+e 'an1 t+erefore1+e s co''on eno)&+8+o bele2es n one
sn&le case 8+ere +e +a$$ens to 3no8 t+e $eo$le concerned1 and "et
dscredts all ot+er cases1 s not E)te so abs)rd as +e see'sG +e does b)t
e#a&&erate a 'ental attt)de n tself easl" e#$lcable. One stron&
dsnte&ratn& s+oc3 +as bro3en do8n +s lfelon& $res)'$tons 8t+ 'ore
force t+an $a&es of )nans8erable b)t d'l" realsed statstcs.
%nd I ad't t+at for '"self t+e act)al colloE)" 8t+ tr)sted $ersons
fres+ fro' t+ese e#$erences +as bro)&+t +o'e t+er realt" to 'e 8t+
')c+ 'ore 22dness t+an t+e st)d" of eE)all" &ood cases collected b" '"
collea&)es. I 'enton t+s beca)se I t+n3 t+at st)dents of t+ese 'atters
s+o)ld s$are no $ans to &et at cases frstC+and1s+o)ld t+e'sel2es tal3
8t+ $erc$entsG and s+o)ld t+)s realse +o8 dee$ and lastn& a 'ar3 t+ese
ncdents lea2e be+nd t+e'.
'(0 A . T+e follo8n& +storcal rUs)'U s der2ed fro' /r. %ndre8
Lan&5s The 2aBing o$ 7eigion (C+a$ter V.1 Cr"stal Vsons1 (a2a&e and
C2lsed19 $. @>)1 and /ss %. Goodrc+C4reer5s Recent E#$er'ents n
Cr"stal Vson9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <AB)1 n bot+ of 8+c+
n)'ero)s references to t+e +stor" of t+e s)bDect and t+e facts +ere add)ced
are &2en. T+e cr"stal 8as onl" one of 'an" obDects )sed n a s'lar 8a" as
a 'eans of obtann& s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e t+ro)&+ nd)ced
+all)cnatonsG e.g., 2essels contann& lE)d)s)all" 8ater8ater n
s$rn&s1 'rrors of $ols+ed steel1 lE)d $o)red nto t+e $al' of t+e +and1 a
dro$ of blood1 or n31 and 2aro)s obDects +a2n& a reflectn& s)rface1 s)c+
as t+e ber"l or ot+er &e's1 t+e blade of a s8ord1 a ball of $ols+ed stone1 or
t+e +)'an fn&erCnal. Cr"stalC&aNn& n so'e s)c+ for' +as been $ractsed
for at least ;>>> "ears and s $ractcall" of 8orldC8de dstrb)ton1 +a2n&
been fo)nd a'on& t+e c)sto's of %ss"ra1 Persa1 E&"$tancent and
'odernGreece1 Ro'e1 C+na1 7a$an and Inda1 !ort+ %'ercan +i,KMK-
Indans1 %frcans of 4eN1 V)l)s1 /aors. It 8as also $ractsed b" t+e Incas1
and s stll b" %)stralan sa2a&es and Pol"nesans1 t+e (+a'ans of (bera
and Eastern R)ssa1 and n /ada&ascar. :s)all" a 'ore or less elaborate
rt)al for'ed $art of t+e $roced)re1 and n all a&es and 'an" $laces t+e (eer
2aro)sl" called ($ec)lator1 (cr"er1 Ve8er1 or Reader8as )s)all" a
c+ld 8+o +ad not 3no8n sn.9
%'on& t+e Gree3s1 se2eral dfferent 'et+ods 8ere )sed (*)
-"dro'anc"1 $ractsed c+efl" at t+e te'$le of ,e'eter n PatrF. Before
t+e te'$le 8as a fo)ntan1 nto 8+c+ a 'rror 8as let do8n b" a s'all
cord1 so t+at ts lo8er ed&e D)st to)c+ed t+e 8ater. 4ro' t+e 2aro)s f&)res
and 'a&es seen n t1 $redctons 8ere 'ade as to t+e $ro&ress of dseases
n t+e $atents 8+o ca'e to cons)lt t+e oracle. (.) Lecano'anc"1 d2naton
b" a bo8l contann& 8ater1 or ol and 8ne. (;) Cato$tro'anc"1 n 8+c+
'rrors alone 8ere )sed. (<) Gastro'anc"1 n 8+c+ &lass 2essels flled 8t+
8ater and s)rro)nded b" torc+es 8ere )sed. % de'on 8as n2o3ed and a
bo" a$$onted to obser2e t+e a$$earance $rod)ced b" t+e de'on5s acton on
t+e 8ater. (?) On"c+o'anc"1 n 8+c+ a bo"5s nals co2ered 8t+ ol and
soot 8ere t)rned to t+e s)n1 t+e reflecton of 8+ose ra"s $rod)ced 'a&es
s)$$osed to re$resent certan t+n&s. (B) Cr"stallo'anc"1 8+ere $ols+ed
and enc+anted cr"stals 8ere )sed.
In Inda 8e fnd d2naton b" 'rrors and also a 'et+od n 8+c+ t+e
as+es of ncense 'ostened 8t+ castorCol are $o)red nto t+e $al' of t+e
c+ld seer. T+e %rabans also )se a 'rror n 8+c+ t+e" see 2sons after
lon& fastn& and $ra"ers.
In Pol"nesa1 Ells relates t+at 8+en an" one +as been robbed1 t+e $rest1
after $ra"n&1 +as a +ole d)& n t+e floor of t+e +o)se and flled 8t+ 8ater.
T+en +e &aNes nto t+e 8ater1 o2er 8+c+ t+e &od s s)$$osed to $lace t+e
s$rt of t+e t+ef. T+e 'a&e of t+e t+ef s t+en s)$$osed to be reflected n
t+e 8ater and $erce2ed b" t+e $rest.
%'on& t+e %$ac+es also1 one of t+e c+ef d)tes of t+e 'edcneC'en
8as to fnd o)t t+e 8+ereabo)ts of lost or stolen $ro$ert"1 and for t+s
$)r$ose cr"stal&aNn& 8as e'$lo"ed.
Ot+er Red Indans 'a3e t+er $atents &aNe nto t+e 8ater1 n 8+c+ t+e"
see t+e $ct)res of 8+at food or 'edcne 8ll do t+e' &ood.
T+e art1 8+c+ 8as attrb)ted n earl" t'es to d2ne $o8er1 ca'e to be
re&arded n t+e /ddle %&es b" t+e C+rstan C+)rc+ as t+e 8or3 of e2l
s$rts1 and t+e Specuariias t+e" 8ere t+en called8ere loo3ed )$on as
+eretcs and treated accordn&l". T+e" contn)ed1 +o8e2er1 to flo)rs+1 and
t+e art ln&ered on tll t+e s#teent+ cent)r"1 8+en t rece2ed a ne8 '$et)s
and reac+ed ts +&+est de2elo$'ent n t+e +ands of t+e fa'o)s ,r. 7o+n
,ee (*?.=K*B>A)1 8+ose (+e8Cstone9 s no8 to be seen n t+e Brts+
/)se)'. -s seera 'an na'ed Rell"$rofessed not onl" to see 2aro)s
s$rts n t+e cr"stal1 b)t also to +ear t+e' s$ea31 and lon& con2ersatons
8ere carred on 8t+ t+e'. Ot+er so)nds 8ere also sad to be +eard n or
near t+e stone1 and occasonall" a$$artons 8ere seen n ts ne&+bo)r+ood.
(o'et'es 8rtn& 8as seen n t nstead of f&)res. T+e stone 8as &enerall"
set n a fra'e of &old on a table1 and ts )se 8as $refaced 8t+ lon& $ra"ers.
T+e $ractce 8as carred on bot+ n En&land and on t+e Contnent of
E)ro$e t+ro)&+ t+e se2enteent+ and e&+teent+ cent)res1 and +as1 n fact1
ne2er beco'e e#tnct.
'(3 A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt of o$tcal effects obser2ed n +er cr"stal
+i,KML- 2sons s &2en b" /ss Goodrc+C4reer (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $. <A?).
T+ese e#$er'ents +a2e been for t+e 'ost $art )nsatsfactor"1 as t s
al'ost '$ossble to sa" +o8 far t+e res)lts are d)e to 'ere e#$ectaton. In
no case t+)s far +a2e I obtaned an o$tcal res)lt 8+c+ surprised 'e1 nor a
res)lt ca$able of s)c+ e#act 'eas)re'ent as to $ro2e t+at t 8as et+er
o$tcall" 8ron&1 or 'ore e#actl" r&+t t+an '" &eneral 3no8led&e co)ld
+a2e 'ade t. I 'enton a fe8 e#$er'ents.
*. *istortion.If I loo3 n a s$oon I see t+e 'a&e dstorted n t+e
fa'lar 8a". B)t I cannot sa" 8+et+er t s dstorted $recsel" as a real
'a&e 8o)ld be. 4or n t+e frst $lace t+e $ct)re does not al8a"s a$$ear to
be on t+e s)rface of t+e s$oon or ot+er s$ec)l)'. 4or nstance1 n a &lob)lar
cr"stal1 or se'C&lob)lar rn&Cstone1 t+e $ct)re a$$ears as on a flat s)rface.
In t+e second $lace1 I co)ld not1 at an" rate n t+e s+ort t'e allo8ed1 dra8
t+e dstorted $ct)re acc)ratel" eno)&+ to ad't of s)bseE)ent co'$arson
8t+ t+e reflecton of t+e real obDect tself n t+e s$oon.
.. 7e$ection.If I see a $ct)re )nder crc)'stances 8+c+ s)&&est t+at
t s a reflecton1 I see t re2ersed as n a 'rror. T+)s1 n a ral8a" carra&e1
I e#$er'ented 8t+ a s'all cr"stal and s'all 'rror1 bot+ +an&n& at '"
c+gtelane. I easl" re$rod)ced n t+e cr"stal pictures (not real re$ections) of
t+e ad2ertse'ents on t+e carra&e 8alls1 and D)st as Lane5s E&"$tan
'a&can told +' t+at t+e cr"stal 'ade left a$$ear r&+t19 so 8ere t+ese
$ct)res re2ersed1 and t+e $rnt a$$eared as Spiege,schri$t. B)t I co)ld t+en
reflect t+e 'a&nar" $ct)re fro' t+e cr"stal nto t+e 'rror1 and t+ere t+e
letters1 Co'$ton5s -otel19 a$$eared set r&+t a&an1 and le&ble n t+e
ordnar" 8a".
On t+e ot+er +and1 I once s)ddenl" entered a dra8n&Croo' 8+ere t+ere
8as a lar&e 'rror1 and sa8 a na'e for 8+c+ I +ad been +)ntn& n 2an
$rnted as t+o)&+ on a 2stn&Ccard fastened on t+e 8all1 and not re2ersed1
n t+e 'ddle of t+e 'rror1 8+c+ t+)s acted as a s$ec)l)'. B)t note t+at
8+en I sa8 t+e 8ord I +ad for t+e nstant for&otten t+at t+ere 8as a 'rror
t+ere1 and I too3 t+e reflected 8all n t+e 'rror for a real 8all. (o t+at t+e
$ct)re confor'ed to '" erroneo)s conce$ton1 and not to an" tr)e o$tcal
la8.
;. 2agni$ication.I +a2e )sed t+e 'a&nf"n&C&lass ele2en t'es1 and t
+as al8a"s a$$eared to 'a&nf". In one case alread" recorded (&roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ?*;) t+e a$$arent enlar&e'ent of t+e $ct)re enabled 'e to
read s&nfcant letters1 8t+o)t 8+c+ t+e $ct)re 8o)ld +a2e been
'eann&less. B)t t+s1 of co)rse1 'a" be classed as 'erel" one for' of t+e
$ct)re5s de2elo$'entG t+at s to sa"1 t+e letters might +a2e beco'e 2sble
8t+o)t t+e 'a&nf"n&C&lass1 alt+o)&+ t+e" see'ed to be 2ans+n& and to
be onl" D)st ca)&+t. I +a2e t+ree t'es )sed a bo&)s &lass of s'lar sNe and
a$$earance1 and t+at &lass dd not 'a&nf". -o8e2er1 I +a2e ne2er felt s)re
t+at I dd not n so'e 8a" dstn&)s+ bet8een t+e tr)e and t+e false
'a&nfer e2en n t+e act of carr"n& t+e' to '" $ct)re.
<. *oube 7e$raction.I once tred a fla3e of Iceland s$ar1 an obDect
8+c+ I +ad ne2er before +andled. I 3ne81 +o8e2er1 ts $ro$ert" of do)ble
refracton1 so t+at t+e d)$lcaton of t+e $ct)re 8+c+ follo8ed 'a" +a2e
been d)e to e#$ectaton1 alt+o)&+ t loo3ed to 'e rat+er 'ore c)ro)s t+an I
consco)sl" antc$ated.
?. Coour Contrast.It s '" '$resson t+at t+ere s retnal fat&)e1
and +i,KMM- conseE)ent seE)ence of co'$le'entar" colo)rs1 fro' &aNn& at
cr"stal $ct)res as ')c+ as fro' &aNn& at real obDects. I ne2er do)bted t+s
)ntl t+e E)eston 8as $)t to 'e1 alt+o)&+ I no8 fnd t dffc)lt to $ro2e
t+at )nconsco)s e#$ectaton 'a" not acco)nt for t+s also.
I 8ll frst 'enton s$ontaneo)s and t+en e#$er'ental nstances.
I rece2ed one da" a 2st fro' a frend n a rat+er str3n& bl)e &o8n1
8+c+1 so'e +o)rs later1 t+e cr"stal re$rod)ced. T+s $ct)re 8as follo8ed
b" anot+er of t+e lad"5s lttle bo"1 8+o' I +ad not seen latel"1 dressed n a
br&+t oran&e &ar'ent1 8+c+ I feel s)re +e does not $ossess.
%&an1 one afternoon so'e one 8as tal3n& abo)t Palss" 8are. I 8as
not s$ecall" addressed1 and 8as starn& a'lessl" at a dar3 &reen1 al'ost
blac3 &lass scentCbottle. I obser2ed n t a $ct)re1 all n $ale &reen1 of a 'an
+astl" tearn& )$ so'e 8ooden &arden $aln&sG and before I +ad t'e to
8onder 8+at t+s 'eant1 t 8as follo8ed b" anot+er $ct)re1 all n red1 of t+e
corner of t+e lbrar" 8+ere as a c+ld I 3e$t '" boo3s1 ncl)dn& one
dstnctl" reco&nsable1 8+c+ I +a2e not seen t+ese ffteen "ears1 called The
&rovocations o$ 2me. &aissy. T+en I re'e'bered t+at one of t+s lad"5s
$ro2ocatons conssted n t+e fact t+at +er +)sband fed +s f)rnace 8t+ t+e
+o)se+old f)rnt)re1 or e2en t+e f#t)res of t+e +o)se tself.
T+ese are t+e onl" s$ontaneo)s colo)rCseE)ences 8+c+ I can recall1 as
t+e $ct)res do not )s)all" s+o8 an" one $redo'natn& colo)r. B"
e#$er'ent I fnd t+at f I tre t+e retna b" starn& at a red flo8er1 I see a
&reen one n t+e cr"stalG and con2ersel" t+at f I s)''on )$ (as I so'et'es
can do) a red flo8er n t+e cr"stal1 I t+en see a &reen $atc+ on t+e 8all. If I
)se t8o cr"stals t+ere s a s'lar c+an&e of colo)r bet8een t+e frst $ct)re
and t+e second. Or f I 'erel" desire a c+an&e of colo)r n a cr"stalC$ct)re I
fnd t+at bl)e s follo8ed b" oran&e1 "ello8 b" $)r$le1 &reen b" red. B)t
t+s 'a"1 of co)rse1 be d)e to )nconsco)s selfCs)&&eston1 alt+o)&+ I a'
not so fa'lar 8t+ t+e seE)ence of colo)rs t+at I co)ld 8t+o)t +estaton
na'e t+e co'$le'ent of an" &2en colo)r.
T+e sa'e res)lt 8o)ld occ)r f '" bl)e $ct)re 8ere 'erel" conD)red )$
8t+ closed e"es. On ben& transferred to t+e cr"stalI1 as t 8ere1
re'ann& entrel" $ass2et 8o)ld a$$ear as oran&e. 6+en I frst
dscerned t+s fact t 8as dstnctl" to '" o8n s)r$rse1 and t reE)red a
'o'ent5s t+o)&+t to ass)re '"self t+at t+s 8as n t+e nat)ral co)rse of
e2ents. It 'a" be 8ort+ notn& t+at a dstnct effort s reE)red to con2ert a
scenel&+ted1 for e#a'$le1 8t+ redto ts nat)ral colo)rn& or e2en to a
ne)tral tnt. It s necessar" to close t+e e"es or to loo3 a8a" for a 'o'entG
so t+at 8+at follo8s s a second edton rat+er t+an a $rolon&aton of t+e
frst $ct)re. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e 'ere desre for c+an&e 8ll $rod)ce a
&reen l&+t ra$dl" alternatn& 8t+ t+e or&nal +)e.
It s s&nfcant t+at t+ese o$tcal effects see' to +a2e been de$endent on
/ss 4reer5s 3no8led&e of +o8 real obDects 8o)ld +a2e a$$eared )nder t+e
sa'e condtons.
In order to test f)rt+er 8+et+er t+e res)lts 8ere d)e to s)&&eston1 /r.
6. %. ,#e"1
*
t+e 8ellC3no8n o$tcan of !e8 Bond (treet1 carred o)t a
seres of e#$er'ents 8t+ /ss 4reer on t+e effect of dfferent 3nds of
lenses on +er +i,KMN- cr"stal 2sons1 t+e condtons ben& arran&ed so t+at
s+e dd not 3no8 t+e nor'al effects of t+e lenses on real obDects (see
)orderand for 7an)ar" *A@<). T+e lenses 8ere ftted nto fo)r $ars of e"eC
&lasses1 and1 8t+ nor'al bnoc)lar s&+t1 t+er res$ect2e effects on real
obDects at t+e &2en dstance 8o)ld +a2e beenJ (%) to d)$lcate t+e obDect
2ertcall"G (B) to bl)r tG (C) no effectG (,) to d)$lcate t+e obDect
+orNontall". /r. ,#e" +anded t+e lenses to /ss 4reer1 and t+e e&+t
e#$er'ents 8ere as follo8sJ (*) % &a2e dstanceG (.) B1 t+e $ct)re
dsa$$eared1 b)t after abo)t a 'n)te t+e colo)rs beca'e ntenser1 and t+e
s+ado8s 'ore defnedG (;) C1 no dfferenceG (<) , d)$lcated t+e $ct)re
+orNontall"G (?) % d)$lcated t 2ertcall"G (B) % lo8ered $art of t+e $ct)reG
(=) , 'o2ed t to t+e r&+tG (A) B1 t+e $ct)re dsa$$eared. In e#$er'ents
(;) (<) and (?) t+e effects 8ere 8+at t+e" 8o)ld +a2e been on real obDects1
8+le n (B) and (=) t+e" 8ere 8+at t+e" 8o)ld +a2e been f t+e r&+t e"e
onl" +ad been loo3n& at a real obDect. In (*) (.) and (A) t+e effects 8ere not
s'lar to 8+at 8o)ld +a2e been $rod)ced on real obDects. T+)s t+e &eneral
res)lt 8as t+at n f2e o)t of e&+t e#$er'ents t+e cr"stal $ct)res c+an&ed
n a$$earance n t+e sa'e 8a" t+at real obDects 8o)ld +a2e done on
a$$l"n& t+e lenses1 b)t n t+e ot+er t+ree t+e c+an&es t+at follo8ed n t+e
$ct)res on a$$l"n& t+e lenses 8ere not t+ose t+at 8o)ld +a2e been
$rod)ced n real obDects.
/r. ,#e" +as snce re$eated t+ese e#$er'ents1 )nder as nearl" as
$ossble t+e sa'e condtons1 8t+ /rs. Verrall1 8+o fo)nd1 on a$$l"n& t+e
lenses1 t+at +er cr"stal $ct)res et+er dsa$$eared or re'aned )naffected1
e#ce$t n one case1 8+ere a te'$orar" enlar&e'ent of t+e $ct)re8+c+
8as not t+e nor'al effect of t+e lenstoo3 $lace. T+ese ne&at2e res)lts are
of s$ecal nterest1 beca)se /rs. Verrall1 )nl3e 'ost cr"stalCseers1 s
consco)s of )sn& points de rep=re n +er 2sons1 and nfor's )s t+at on
t+s occason t+e" 8ere 'ore cons$c)o)s to +er t+an )s)al 8+en t+e
$ct)res be&an to de2elo$1 t+o)&+1 as )s)al1 s+e lost s&+t of t+e' 8+en t+e
$ct)res beca'e f)ll" for'ed.
It see's $robable1 t+erefore1 t+at /ss 4reer n +er e#$er'ents 'a"
+a2e )nconsco)sl" 'ade )se of points de rep=re, and t+at t+e effects
act)all" $rod)ced b" t+e lenses on t+e' 8ere transferred b" selfCs)&&eston
to t+e 2sons. It 8o)ld ob2o)sl" be dffc)lt to e#cl)de t+s e#$lanaton n
an" s)c+ e#$er'ents.
(o'e e#$er'ents 'ade b" /rs. (d&8c3 on t+e f)ncton of points de
rep=re n t+e case of +all)cnatons t+at see' to 'o2e are descrbed n t+e
Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $.
*>A).
Cases of +all)cnatons a$$arentl" follo8n& o$tcal la8s are '$ortant
n 2e8 of t+er $ossble bearn& on $+"solo&cal t+eores of t+e or&n of
+all)cnatons1 +a2n& often been cted as e2dence t+at t+e retnaas 8ell
as t+e bran')st be affected b" t+e +all)cnaton. 4or a dsc)sson of t+s
2e88t+ ll)strat2e casessee t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of
-all)cnatons9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *<<K<A).
'(+ A . T+e follo8n& s an acco)nt (ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1
2ol. 2. $. <?@) of e#$er'ents n cr"stal 2son 'ade b" '"self 8t+ t8o
of t+e +"$notc s)bDects of G)rne" and /rs. (d&8c31 referred to n ,'9 A
and B and ,*3 A . /r. G. %. ('t+ 8as t+e +"$notst.
+i,KMO-
E#$er'ents 'ade at Br&+ton1 /arc+ @1 .B1 .=1 .A1 *A@*.
E#tract fro' acco)nt 8rtten o)t after t+e e#$er'ents fro' notes 'ade
at t+e t'e1 8t+ so'e co''ents added later.
2arch @.Present1 G. %. ('t+ and t+e t8o s)bDects1 P. and T.
*. I be&an 8t+ re$eatn& t+e e#$er'ent alread" freE)entl" 'ade 8t+
t+ese and ot+er s)bDects1 2N.1 s)&&estn& to t+e +"$notsed P. t+at +e 8o)ld
see a &2en $ct)re on a card 8+en a8a3ened. LG. %. (. +"$notsed and
a8o3e t+e s)bDects t+ro)&+o)t.M I told P. t+at on a8a3n& +e 8o)ld be
s+o8n a card 8t+ a $ct)re of a bab" on t. I sad t+e one 8ord bab"9
8t+o)t detal n order to see +o8 +s 'nd de2elo$ed t+e dea. -e 8as
s+o8n a blan3 card and sa81 not a 2ertable bab"1 b)t a c+ld of s#.
.. !e#t t'e I s)&&ested a hippopotamusan an'al 8+c+ P. +ad
ne2er seen n t+e fles+. On ben& a8a3ened +e sa8 on t+e card 8+at +e
called a rhinoceros. -e co'$laned t+at t 8as rat+er ndstnctG +e 8as not
s)re 8+et+er t +ad +orns or t)s3s. T+ere s a certan nterest n t+s as
ndcatn& t+at t+e +all)cnaton 8as fo)nded )$on a 'ental $ct)re
s)&&ested b" '" 8ords1 rat+er t+an on t+e 8ords t+e'sel2es. One '&+t
+a2e s)$$osed t+at1 snce '" 8+ole s)&&eston conssted of t+e 8ord
hippopotamus, t+e a8a3ened s)bDect1 +o8e2er 2a&)el" +e sa8 t+e beast1
8o)ld +a2e 3no8n t+at t 8as 'eant for a +$$o$ota')s. B)t t+e $ct)re1
2a&)e as t 8as1 see'ed to be 'ore co'')ncable fro' t+e +"$notc to t+e
s)$ral'nal self t+an t+e 8ord 8+c+ +ad or&nall" &enerated t. % picture
8as 8+at +ad been ordered1 and a $ct)re ca'e.
;. I re$eated t+s for' of e#$er'ent once 'ore1 telln& P. t+at +e 8o)ld
see a $ct)re of T.G 8+c+ +e sa8 clearl".
<. I ne#t deter'ned to tr" t+e effect of a &lass of 8ater1 arran&ed as a
s$ec)l)'1 n &2n& addtonal 22dness to t+ese $ostC+"$notc $ct)res. I
s)&&ested to eac+ "o)n& 'an se$aratel" a dfferent scene1 and t+en set t+e'
to &aNe nto t+e sa'e &lass of 8ater1 be+nd 8+c+ I $laced a dar3
bac3&ro)nd. T. +ad once loo3ed nto n3 J b)t be"ond t+s net+er of t+e'
3ne8 an"t+n& of cr"stalC&aNn&1 and t+e" 8ere told t+at t+e" 8ere to see an
o$tcal ll)son of '" n2enton. T+e" nat)rall" ass)'ed t+at t+e" 8o)ld
bot+ eE)all" see 8+ate2er t+ere 8as to be seen.
I told P. (+"$notsed) t+at t+e electrc l&+t on t+e Eastbo)rne Parade +ad
&one o)t on t+e $re2o)s e2enn&1 b)t +ad been rel&+ted n a fe8 'n)tes.
I told T. (+"$notsed) t+at at Barn)'5s Crc)s t+ere 8as a race of $ones
8t+ 'on3e"s on t+er bac3s.
P.1 t+o)&+ &enerall" t+e better seer of +all)cnator" $ct)res1 be&an
(8+en a8a3ened and set before t+e &lass of 8ater) b" sa"n& t+at all 8as
E)te blac3.
T. sadJ Loo31 t+ere5s so'et+n& &on& ro)nd and ro)nd n t+e 8aterZ9
P.J It5s "o)r fanc"G t5s all dar3.9
T.J !o1 t5s +orsest+e"5re +orses &on& ro)nd and ro)ndt+e"52e &ot
so'et+n& s'all on t+er bac3s1 not so b& as t+ose &rls 8+o D)'$ t+ro)&+
+oo$s. It5s l3e a crc)s.9
()ddenl" P. loo3ed s+ar$l" )$ at 'e as t+o)&+ to see 8+at I 8as don&.
6+at +a2e "o) done 8t+ t+e l&+tW9 +e sadG "o)52e 'ade a &reat ball of
l&+t n t+e &lass1 l3e a ro)nd t+n& 8t+ a l&+t n t+e 'ddle of t.9 -e dd
not see t+e 'eann& of t+sG b)t t a$$eared t+at +e +ad be&)n 8t+ s'$l" a
2son of dar3ness1 and t+en +ad seen t+e electrc l&+t re3ndled. T+s 8as
not t+e 8a" n 8+c+ I +ad conce2ed '" $ct)re(I +ad t+o)&+t of t+e
loo3 +i,KNP- of t+e lon& Parade and a lne of la'$s &on& o)t)b)t t &a2e
t+e essental $ont.
It 8ll be obser2ed t+at n t+s e#$er'ent1 as n t+at of t+e
+$$o$ota')s1 and n 'ost of t+ose t+at follo81 net+er $erc$ent
reco&nsed t+e f)ll 'eann& of t+e $ct)re seen. T+e )ndstn&)s+ed s'all
t+n&s9 n T.5s $ct)re 8ere1 of co)rse1 t+e 'on3e"s of '" stor". I s+all
reco)nt later on so'e atte'$ts to 'a3e s'lar obsc)re detals clear b"
'a&nfcaton. Bot+ a tr)e and a $retended or s)&&ested 'a&nf"n&C&lass
s+o)ld be tred 8t+ 'an" s)bDects )nder s)c+ condtons as t+ese.
?. I ne#t told P. (+"$notsed) t+e stor" of Robnson Cr)soe fndn& t+e
foot$rnt and fearn& sa2a&es.
I told T. t+at /oses Pr'rose too3 a co8 to t+e far and ret)rned 8t+ a
&ross of &reen s$ectacles1 to t+e derson of +s fa'l".
%8a3ened and set before t+e &lass of 8ater1 P. at once e#cla'edJ
6+"1 t+ere5s B)ffalo BllZ -e5s dressed n feat+ers1 and s3ns ro)nd +'G
al'ost l3e a sa2a&e. -e5s 8al3n& abo)t n a 8aste $lace.9 T.J Is +e
leadn& a co8 alon&W9 P.J !o1 no1 +e5s all alone.9 T.J T+at5s a co81 not
B)ffalo Bll.9 P.J I can see so'et+n& else co'n& fro' anot+er $art1t5s
a blac3e.9 T.J !o1 t5s a sac31 a sac3 on +s bac3.9 P.J Loo3 at t+e' no81
+o8 t+e"5re ar&)n&Z B)ffalo Bll and +s blac3 'an.9 T.J ( can see t+e'
ar&)n& no8+e5s &ot nto a +o)set+ere5s fo)r of t+e'.9 P.J !o1 no1
onl" t8o.9 T.J !o1 fo)r1loo3 at t+e' roarn&Z9 (i.e., 8t+ la)&+ter). P.J
!o1 t+e"5re be+nd so'e trees.9 T.J T+e"5re cr"n& no8.9
Obser2e t+at n P.5s case t+e $ootmarB, 8+c+ 8as t+e $ont on 8+c+ I
+ad c+efl" d8elt1 8as not obser2edG alt+o)&+ I s)s$ect fro' P.5s nsstence
on t+e lon& pacing about of +s B)ffalo Bll1 t+at t+e foot'ar3 8as n so'e
sense ntended to for' $art of t+e $ct)re1 alt+o)&+ too s'all to be notced
b" an obser2er not a8are of ts '$ortance. P. +ad read Robnson Cr)soeG9
b)t B)ffalo Bll 8as $lanl" fres+er n +s 'e'or".
T. sa8 no 'eann& n +s stor" 8+ate2er. -e dd not 3no8 8+at 8as n
t+e sac3(a detal of +s o8n addn&1 as I +ad not clearl" conce2ed +o8
t+e s$ectacles 8ere bro)&+t +o'e)and +e sa8 no reason for t+e la)&+ter
or 8ee$n&. T+e crying 8as added fro' +s +"$notc self5s o8n conce$ton
of t+e $robable effect of s)c+ a bar&an )$on t+e fa'l"1 after t+er frst
a')se'ent. T. +ad ne2er read t+e Vcar of 6a3efeld.9
B. Obser2n& t+e atte'$ts 'ade b" t+e t8o seers to +ar'onse t+ese
d2er&ent stores1 I c+ose t8o scenes 8+c+ +ad a certan s'lart"1 to see
8+et+er et+er seer 8o)ld be able to $ers)ade t+e ot+er to acce$t +s 2erson
of 8+at 8as &on& on.
I told P. brefl" t+at BanE)o5s &+ost +ad a$$eared to /acbet+1 +s
')rderer1 as +e sat 8t+ 8arrors and nobles ro)nd +' at a feast.
I told T. (8+at +e alread" 3ne8 to +a2e +a$$ened) t+at at t+e !ort+
Rl3enn" electon /r. Parnell1 8+le addressn& t+e cro8d1 rece2ed a ba&
of l'e n +s face fro' a $oltcal o$$onent. T+)s eac+ scene +ad ts central
and co''andn& f&)reG I 8s+ed to see f t+e t8o co)ld be co'bned.
P.J I see t8o or t+ree 'en standn&so'e sttn&one n a c+ar on a
rased $lace1 l3e 8+ere t+e +ead 'an sts. T+at5s t+e /a"or1 I s)$$ose.9 LP.
s 'ore fa'lar 8t+ ')nc$al &o2ern'ent t+an 8t+ 'ltar" or '$eral
r)le.M
T.J 6+"1 t+ere are a 8+ole lot of 'ena to8na lot of carsnot l3e
o)r carra&es.9
+i,KNG-
P. (8t+ a lo)d 8+stle)J O+1 +ere +e co'es1 t+e bo&e"C'anZ9
(a$$arentl" E)otn& a son&).
T.J T+ere +e s standn& )$ n t+e 'ddle of t+e'GI52e seen t+e 'an
at Br&+ton.9
P.J Loo3 at t+at c+a$ n t+e cornerZ sn5t +e fr&+tened of +'W T+e
/a"or5s E)te )$set.9
T.J I 3no8 t+e 'an 8ell eno)&+G +e +as a beardabo)t '" +e&+t. I52e
seen +' 8al3 )$ and do8n t+e front (t+e Parade) 8t+ t8o do&s after +'.9
P.J -e5s a ghostZ9
T.J -e5s no &+ost1 I sa"G +e5s tal3n& to t+e'G loo3 at t+at st)ff all &one
nto +s faceG no8 t+ree or fo)r 'en are )$ tal3n&G t+e"52e &ot so'e stc3s
t+ere5s a ro8.9
P. ('tatn& con2entonal &+ostl" acton)J Loo3 at +'Z T+e" all stc3
t+er s8ords t+ro)&+ +'t doesn5t +)rt +'G +e5s a &+ostZ9
T.J !onsenseG +o8 can +e be a &+ostW I tell "o) I52e s$o3en to +' n
t+e Ltele&ra$+M offceG +e5s a 'an an" one 8o)ld re'e'bera standCoff
'an. -e5s all 8+te no8G t+e"5re all r)nnn&.9 6as +s na'e ParnellW9 I
as3ed. Yes1 "es19 sad T.1 Parnell1 of co)rse.9 -ere also1 t 8ll be
obser2ed1 as n t+e case of t+e +$$o$ota')s1 t 8as t+e $ct)re fra'ed b"
t+e $erc$ent5s s)bl'nal self1 not t+e 'ere na'e as )ttered b" 'e1 8+c+
8as trans'tted to +s s)$ral'nal consco)sness.
T+ese scenes e#cted t+e seersG and t+ere 8as so'e abs)rdt" n t+er
endea2o)rs to 'tate1 and to conclate1 t+e attt)des of +o2ern& &+ost and
'$assoned orator.
=. 2arch .B1 *A@*. 2agni$ication.I told T. (+"$notsed) t+at +e 8o)ld
see n t+e cr"stal (a real one) a $la"bll of 7ac3 (+e$$ard19 8+c+ +ad
recentl" been acted n Br&+ton1 t+e lar&e $rnt dstnct1 b)t not t+e s'all
$rnt. %8a3ened1 +e sa8 a &rl n 'an5s clot+esso'et+n& l3e
3nc3erboc3ersco)ld 'a3e o)t 7 C R T-. On loo3n& t+ro)&+ a (real)
'a&nf"n&C&lass +e easl" read 7%CR (-EPP%R,1 T-E%TRE ROY%L1 and
reco&nsed t+at t+e 3nc3erboc3ers 8ere Dac3Cboots. -e sad t+at t+e letters
$erssted1 b)t 8ere clearer 8+en t+e 'a&nfer 8as a$$led to t+e cr"stal.
T+e $ct)re seen 8as re'e'bered fro' an act)al $oster.
A. 9orgotten 2emories.T. 8as told (sa'e condtons) t+at +e 8o)ld
see scenes of +s $ast lfe. -e 8as &reatl" nterested b" seen& a n)'ber of
old sc+oolfello8s sttn& n +s old sc+oolG so'e 8+o' +e co)ld not
dentf"G so'e of 8+o' +e +ad scarcel" t+o)&+t snce +e left sc+ool. On
ben& reC+"$notsed +e dd not re'e'ber seen& t+ese $ct)resonl"
re'e'bered '" tal3n& to +' abo)t +s bo"+ood. 6e co)ld not t+erefore
&et t+e +"$notc self to dentf" t+e )n3no8n bo"s.
@. 2arch .=. Test of dsa$$earance fro' 8a3n& 'e'or" of 8ords
s$o3en to +"$notsed s)bDect.I offered eac+ s)bDect f*> f +e co)ld
e#$lan to 'e t+e ne#t $ct)re 8+c+ +e sa8. It 8as $lanl" necessar" to
c+oose so'e scenes 8+ose 'eann& t+e" co)ld not guess, f '" descr$ton1
&2en to t+e' 8+en +"$notsed1 8as for&otten on a8a3n&. I told P. of t+e
4ndn& of Br"n+ld1 and T. of t+e !bl)n&s5 !eed. Eac+ sa8 +s $ct)re
8ell (Gre"fell1 t+e flc3ern& fla'eC8all1 t+e (lee$f)l T+orn1 &c.)1 b)t 8as
co'$letel" $)NNled as to ts 'eann&.
*>. 2arch .A. 2agni$ication.I told T. (+"$notsed) t+at 8+en
a8a3ened +e 8o)ld see a tele&ra$+ for' (+e s a tele&ra$+st) n a &lass of
8aterG t+at +i,KNH- +e 8o)ld not be able to 'a3e o)t t+e 8ords1 b)t onl" to
co)nt t+e'G t+en 8t+ a 'a&nfer 8o)ld 'a3e t+e' o)t. %8a3ened1 +e sa8
a tele&ra$+ for' so bent t+at +e co)ld onl" see a fra&'ent of a 'essa&e1
contann& se2en 8ords 8+c+ +e co)ld not read. Loo3n& n t+e &lass +e
'ade o)t /etB5ton (abbre2aton )sed for Br&+ton)-otelco'e.9
6e cannot sa" 8+et+er a co+erent 'essa&e n an" sense )nderla" t+s
fra&'entar" atte'$t at co'')ncaton.
**. I no8 resol2ed to s)$$l" t+e 'essa&e '"self (sa'e condtons)1 and
told +' t+at +e 8o)ld be able to see t+e len&t+s of t+e 8ords 8t+ t+e
na3ed e"e1 and to read t+e' 8t+ t+e 'a&nfer. T+e tele&ra' 8as to be
LToM /"ers1 Ca'brd&eO#ford 8on b" +alf a len&t+. -arrs.9 6t+ t+e
na3ed e"e +e co)ld see t+at t+ere 8ere onl" t8o 8ords n t+e address1 t+e
second rat+er lon&. 6t+ t+e 'a&nfer +e &rad)all" $c3ed o)t letters +ere
and t+eresa8 t+e ca$tal letters r&+t1 $artl" sa8 and $artl" &)essed '"
na'eco)ld not 'a3e o)t t+e 'essa&e. E#$er'ents s)c+ as t+s s+o81 I
t+n31 t+at t+ere s so'e a$$ro$rateness n s$ea3n& of messages or
communications fro' one to anot+er strat)' of t+e (elf. 7)d&n& fro' t+e
analo&" of 'an" ot+er $ostC+"$notc s)&&estons 8t+ t+e sa'e s)bDect1 8e
can +ardl" do)bt t+at t+e 8+ole of t+s s'$le tele&ra' 8as re'e'bered b"
t+e +"$notc self1 and co)ld +a2e been re$rod)ced n obedence to a drect
order. B)t t+e order 8as to re$rod)ce t 8t+ a certan de&ree of obsc)rt"G
and t+at obsc)rt" t)rned o)t to be sl&+tl" &reater t+an t+e 'a&nf"n&C&lass
(+o8e2er actn&) co)ld o2erco'e. T+e s)&&eston 8as t+)s sl&+tl" too
co'$le#G b)t1 alt+o)&+ ne2er f)ll" del2ered1 t+e nterCstate9 or
'et+ectc9 'essa&ecall t as "o) 8ll1 b)t let )s +a2e so'e na'e for t
8as read" 'ade )$1 and 8atn& to be trans'tted fro' t+e +"$notc to t+e
s)$ral'nal self.
*.. T+e e#$er'ents t+)s far descrbed1 alt+o)&+ $resentn& so'e no2el
$onts1 +a2e been s)c+ as an" obser2er 8t+ &ood +"$notc s)bDects at +s
ds$osal 8ll $robabl" be able to re$eat. T+ose to 8+c+ I no8 co'e n2ol2e
t+e rarer $+eno'enon of t+o)&+tCtransference1 8+c+ cannot be &)aranteed
n t+e case of an" +"$notc s)bDect1 alt+o)&+ t 8o)ld do)btless be oftener
fo)nd f t 8ere oftener loo3ed for. T+e e2dence for /r. G. %. ('t+5s
$o8er of trans'ttn& deas1 8t+o)t t+e )se of ordnar" 'eans1 to t+e 'nds
of t+ese and ot+er s)bDects +as been so often dsc)ssed n t+ese &roceedings
t+at I need +ere onl" re'ar3 t+at n all t+ese e#$er'ents a close 8atc+ 8as
3e$t b" ,r. ,ll or '"self1 or bot+ of )s1 to &)ard a&anst ndcatons
(8+c+1 of co)rse1 'a" be E)te n2ol)ntarl" &2en)1 8+le at t+e sa'e t'e
t+e $ct)re to be dscerned n t+e cr"stal n2ol2ed conce$tons 'ore
co'$lcated t+an a 'ere cardCna'e or n)'ber. I o't t+e frst of t+ese
e#$er'ents1 8+c+ 8as s)ccessf)l1 b)t d)rn& 8+c+ I left t+e roo' to
s$ea3 to ,r. 7. Gordon ,ll1 a $+"scan 8+o +ad $re2o)sl" asssted n
s'lar e#$er'ents1 and 8+o 3ndl" consented to +el$ 'e n t+ese1 n 8+c+
t s nat)rall" desrable to +a2e t8o obser2ers. In eac+ case ,r. ,ll or I
8rote do8n t+e desred $ct)re caref)ll" on a $ece of $a$er o)t of s&+t of
t+e s)bDect and s+o8ed t to /r. G. %. ('t+1 8+le t+e s)bDect 8as
entranced (n t+e last t8o e#$er'ents after +e 8as a8a3ened). /r. G. %.
('t+ t+en stood at so'e dstance fro' t+e $erc$ent1 and o)t of +s s&+t1
8+le t+e $erc$ent f#ed +s e"es on t+e &lass of 8ater1 and 'ade re'ar3s
to 8+c+ ()nless ot+er8se stated) no one re$led. ,r. ,ll 8atc+ed /r.
('t+1 and I 8atc+ed t+e $erc$ent1 or vice versF. ()c+ $reca)tons '$l"
no dstr)st of et+er a&ent or $erc$ent1 b)t s+o)ld be ta3en as a 'atter of
co)rse n all +i,KNI- e#$er'ents of t+s 3nd. 6ere I '"self actn& as a&ent
I s+o)ld $refer to be 8atc+ed1 snce no one can be absol)tel" certan as to
8+at so)nds or 'o2e'ents +e 'a" )nconsco)sl" 'a3e. If t s once for all
ass)'ed t+at t+e +)'an or&ans'1 8+en )sed n e#$er'ents 8+c+ do not
n t+e'sel2es $resent an" 'eans of el'natn& t+e $ersonal eE)aton19
needs so'e ot+er e"e to &)ard a&anst $ossble dos"ncrases 8+c+ 'a"
conf)se t+e e#$er'ents1 t+en s)c+ s)$er2son 'a" be s)b'tted to 8t+ no
'ore sense1 of dscredt t+an t+e astrono'er feels 8+en +s nd2d)al
obser2atons are acce$ted not as absol)te tr)t+1 b)t as data to be corrected n
a s$ecal reco&nsed 8a". I 8rote do8n T8o cats f&+tn&19 and s+o8ed
t+e $a$er caref)ll" to ,r. ,ll and /r. ('t+8+o' I 8ll call ,. and (.T.
(n 8a3n& state) at once sa8 t8o catsbot+ 8t+ t+er bac3s )$
f&+tn&1 one blac3 and str$ed1 t+e ot+er 8t+ $atc+es of 8+te.9 6+ere are
t+e catsW9 On a 8all.9 (. +ad 'entall" re$rod)ced a $ct)re of t8o cats
f&+tn&1 done n 8+te8as+ on a 8allso t+at +s cats 8ere bot+ 8+te.
,)rn& t+s e#$er'ent ,. left t+e roo' for a fe8 'n)tesJ I 8atc+ed T.1
8+ose e"es1 as I bele2e1 ne2er left t+e &lass of 8ater.
*;. !e#t t'e bot+ s)bDects (+"$notsed and a8a3ened as )s)al) 8ere to
see n t+e sa'e 8aterC&lass t+e sa'e t+e'e1 8rtten do8n b" ,. and s+o8n
to (. and '"selfJ Boat $)ttn& off fro' beac+.9 P. sa8 not+n&. T. sa8 %
roo' cleared for dancn&1 t+e &asCbranc+es 8reat+ed 8t+ flo8ers.9 T+s
a$$eared to be a de$erred picture belon&n& to a $re2o)s seres. -e +ad
been told1 n an e#$er'ent 8+c+ I +a2e o'tted1 to see fo)r scenes of +s
$ast lfe1 at dfferent a&es. -e +ad seen t+ree1 and t+s scene 8as $robabl"
eno)&+ t+e fo)rt+1 8+c+ 8as to be t"$cal of +s adolescence. %t an" rate
+e 8as s'$l" +"$notsed a&an1 and a&an a8a3ened (,. and I 8atc+n&
t+ro)&+o)t). On rea8a3n& +e sadJ T+ere are boatsse2eral stea'ers and
t8o boats ro8n& n front1 l3e a $ct)re of a boatCrace n t+e :raphic9 T+s
8as an a$$ro#'aton to t+e desred $ct)re.
*<. In t+e ne#t e#$er'ent (sa'e condtons) t+e t+e'e1 8rtten do8n b"
'e1 8+c+ (. 8as 'entall" to s)&&est1 8as acrobats s8n&n& fro'
tra$eNe.9 !et+er P. nor T. sa8 an"t+n& at frst. T+e" 8ere re+"$notsed
and rea8a3ened. P. sees a 'an. T. sees not+n&. P.J -e +as &ot so'et+n&
ro)nd on +s +and l3e a salor 8t+ a lfeCb)o"1 and a ro$e +an&n& fro' +s
+and.9 T.J I 'a&ne t+at I see t+e sa'e t+n&.9 P.J I bele2e +e5s standn&
on a 2esselon t+e dec3 of a boatno8 +e5s stll t+ere1 b)t t+e 2essel5s
&one"o) can onl" see +s feet and not+n& beneat+ +'.9 T.J -e loo3s to
'e l3e a +alfC$+oto&ra$+.9 T. t+en +ad to lea2e. 6e told P. to $)t +'self
nto t+e 'an5s attt)de. T+e $ose ass)'ed 8as D)st t+at of a 'an 8+o +as
lfted +'self +alf o2er +s tra$eNe1 t+e ro$e 8+c+ P. sa8 ben& across +s
bod"1 D)st abo)t 8+ere t+e tra$eNe5s seat (of ro$e or 8ood) 8o)ld co'e.
()c+ a $ct)re 8o)ld also corres$ond to T.5s +alf Llen&t+M $+oto&ra$+.9
*?. (a'e condtons. I c+ose t+e s)bDect1 a +o)se on fre.9 T+s t'e
bot+ ,. and I 8atc+ed P. and (.1 8+o stood be+nd P. (of co)rse not n
contact)1 loo3n& at t+e la'$1 and 'a&nn& (as +e after8ards told )s) a
&reat sE)are of fla'e. P.J I see so'et+n& l3e a br&+t l&+tG t+ere5s a
ladder )$ at t+e 8ndo8a +o)se on freno do)bt abo)t t19
*B. (a'e condtons. ()bDect 8rtten do8n b" ,.J /r. Gladstone.9 P.J
I t+n3 I see so'et+n& l3e a 'ana 'an5s +eadco'es and &oes n a1
flas+. I 3no81 t5s Gladstone1 a $+oto&ra$++ead and s+o)lders.9 -ere I
+ad to lea2e1 b)t ,r. ,ll contn)ed t+e e#$er'ents. I no8 E)ote +s +i,
KNJ- acco)nt. /rs. G. %. ('t+ 8as no8 $resent1 b)t 8as not nfor'ed of
t+e scene.
*=. L(a'e condtons.M 7ac3 t+e R$$er co''ttn& a ')rder.9 L()bDect
8rtten do8n b" ,.M P.J I can see so'et+n& no8t5s a 'anrat+er fant.
Ver" a8f)lCloo3n& 'an. !ot+n& l3e Gladstone. Re$)ls2e and drt"C
loo3n&. -as so'et+n& n +s +andt5s a 3nfe. Good &raco)sZ 8+at a
terrbleCloo3n& 'ann ra&s8t+ +s +at co'n& o2er +s e"esloo3s
l3e a ')rderer.9 ,.J Is an" one 8t+ +'W9 P.J !o1 +e5s alone.9 Presentl"J
Yes1 +e s tal3n& to so'e oneanot+er 'an. !o1 t5s a 8o'an.9 L% fe8
'ore detals are seen and P. reco&nses t+e ')rderer.M
*A. (a'e condtons. (t. Geor&e and t+e ,ra&on.9 P.J O+1 I can see
8+at t+at st5s a $ct)re of (t. Geor&e and t+e ,ra&on. T+e )s)al $ct)re.
!ot 'o2n&1 s'$l" a $ct)re.9
*@. -ere P.1 as ,. tells 'e n a letter1 beca'e an#o)s to &o off to catc+ a
tran1 a $reocc)$aton 8+c+ &enerall" nterfered 8t+ s)ccess. On t+s and
t+e ne#t occason (. 8as not s+o8n t+e t+e'e )ntl after P. +ad been
a8a3ened. L-e 8as +"$notsed1 as alread" stated1 bet8een eac+
e#$er'ent.M ()bDectJ % $anto''eclo8n and $olce'an on sta&e.9 P.J
I see so'et+n& l3e a lon1 I t+n3. Can5t tell 8+at t s tll t co'es closer.
X)te &one. (a8 so'et+n& l3e a 'an n a 8+te +at&oneloo3s l3e
one of t+e crc)s clo8ns2er" s')d&"1 8t+ a 'st n front of t.9 T+en
abo)t *? 'n)tes d)rn& 8+c+ +e sa8 not+n&. T+en T+e clo8n a&anZ b)t
I lose s&+t of +' 8+en +e 'o2es.9
.>. ()bDectJ % $+oto&ra$+ of /r. /"ers.9 LT+s t'e (. o$ened and
read t+e $a$er des&natn& t+e desred $ct)re do8nstars1 and dd not enter
t+e roo'. P. sa8 t+e beac+boatsnot+n&.M
'(, A . I E)ote ne#t a record of cr"stal 2sons b" /rs. %. 6. Verrall1 a
lect)rer at !e8n+a' Colle&e1 and 3no8n to t+e classcal 8orld as t+e
translator of Pa)sanas. /rs. Verrall 'ade t+e e#$er'ents s'$l" at '"
reE)est1 8t+o)t $re2o)s 3no8led&e of t+e s)bDect or nterest n t. It 8ll be
seen t+at +er cr"stalC2sons do not n2ol2e an" tele$at+" or clar2o"ance.
T+e" $resent n so'e8+at de2elo$ed for' 8+at a$$ear to be )s)al earl"
sta&es n t+s for' of e#$er'ent. T+e n)'bers 8t+n brac3ets re$resent
t+e c+ronolo&cal order of t+e e#$er'ents1 all of 8+c+ +a2e been recorded
8t+o)t dela". (4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <=;K==. (ee also
'10 A and '(3 A ).
YI +a2e tred 2aro)s obDects n cr"stalC&aNn&1 s)c+ as a c)t cr"stal1 a
&lob)lar cr"stal1 a &lass $a$erC8e&+t1 and a &lass f)ll of 8ater1 and I fnd
no dfference n t+er effcac". I +a2e also tred )nder 2ar"n& condtons of
l&+t1 8t+ t+e concl)son t+at a d' l&+t s t+e 'ost l3el" to res)lt n t+e
seen& of a $ct)re. I +a2e so'et'es seen $ct)res n E)te br&+t l&+t1 b)t
ne2er n absol)te dar3ness. Often I see not+n& at all b)t t+e br&+t $onts of
l&+t n t+e cr"stal1 and often I see not+n& n t+e cr"stal1 b)t &et a 'ental
$ct)re s)&&estn& so'et+n& I +a2e for&otten to do. Indeed1 I fnd cr"stalC
&aNn& a 2er" con2enent 8a" of recalln& t+n&s for&otten1 b)t n t+at case I
see not+n& n t+e cr"stal. T+e dfference bet8een a $ct)re n t+e cr"stal
and a 'ental $ct)re s E)te 'ar3ed1 b)t dffc)lt to descrbeG t 8ll $er+a$s
+el$ to s+o8 8+at I 'ean f I sa" t+at t+e recalled 'a&e of 8+at I +a2e
seen n t+e cr"stal +i,KNK- dffers as ')c+ fro' t+e act)al 'a&e as t+e
'ental 'a&e of a $erson dffers fro' t+e act)al $erson. I bele2e t+at 8t+
'e t+e cr"stal $ct)re s b)lt )$ fro' t+e br&+t $onts n t+e cr"stal1 as t+e"
so'et'es enter nto tG b)t t+e $ct)re1 8+en once $rod)ced1 +as a reaity
8+c+ I +a2e ne2er been able to obtan 8+en loo3n& nto t+e fre or tr"n&
to call )$ an 'a&nar" scene 8t+ '" e"es s+)t. It +as occasonall"
+a$$ened t+at I +a2e been able to see 'ore on a closer n2est&aton t+an on
t+e frst &lance1 b)t f I tr" to nter$ose a 'a&nf"n&C&lass bet8een '" e"e
and t+e cr"stal t+e $ct)re nstantl" &oes and onl" t+e recollecton re'ans.
T+e follo8n& case s al'ost t+e onl" one 8+ere I +a2e seen a real $erson1
and +ere t+e $ct)re &re8 dstnct as I loo3ed.
I sa8 (.=) a blac3 obDect 8+c+ defned tself nto t+e +ead of a 'anG
t+en I sa8 t+at t 8as '" +)sband5s +ead t)rned nearl" n $rofle to8ards
'" left. Be+nd t 8as a sE)areCbac3ed c+ar of bro8n leat+er. -e 8as
readn&1 +s e"es ben& on a boo31 8+c+ I co)ld not see. I tred to see t+e
8+ole f&)re1 n order to 3no8 8+at t+e boo3 8as1 and s+)t '" e"es. On
o$enn& t+e' I sa8 t+e 8+ole f&)re for a 'o'ent1 b)t t 8as too s'all for
'e to dstn&)s+ an"t+n&. In a 'o'ent t+e +ead ca'e bac31 and I +ad an
'$resson t+at t+e boo3 8as red1 t+o)&+ I co)ld not see t.
%s far as I co)ld ascertan1 t+s $ct)re 8as not tele$at+c. T+s s not t+e
onl" occason on 8+c+ I +a2e +ad a dstnct '$resson of colo)r co)$led
8t+ a consco)sness t+at I +ad not seen t+e colo)r. Once I sa8 a flo8er
(.>) 8+c+ I 3ne8 to be $n31 t+o)&+ I sa8 no colo)r19 and a&an (*.) I
once sa8 a blac3 cat 8t+ rbbon ro)nd nec3 8+c+ I 3ne8 to be red1
t+o)&+ t +ad no colo)r.9 In t+ese last t8o cases I s$ent so'e t'e tr"n& to
see t+e colo)r 8+c+ I Bne# to be t+ere1 b)t I 8as not s)ccessf)l. In t+e
&reater n)'ber of cases t+e $ct)re +as been colo)red1 b)t so'et'es I a'
(;1 ;.) onl" a8are of l)'nost" and dar3ness1 so'et'es (.;) of blac3 and
8+te as n a $enCandCn3 s3etc+. I +a2e not been able to fnd t+at t+e colo)r
of t+e bac3&ro)nd for t+e cr"stal $rod)ces an" effect on t+e colo)r of t+e
$ct)re. I +a2e tred $lacn& t+e cr"stal on 8+te lnen1 dar3Cbl)e sl31 br&+tC
bl)e st)ff and red leat+er1 b)t +a2e ne2er been consco)s of an" s)&&eston
of colo)r fro' t+e bac3&ro)nd1 or able to trace an" connecton bet8een t+e
bac3&ro)nd and t+e 2son.Y
T+e 2aret" of $ct)res seen s consderableG I +a2e classfed as follo8s
t+e t+rt"Ct+ree cr"stalC2sons recorded1 co2ern& a $erod of t8ent"Cone
'ont+s. 5a6 %n'als1 ?G 5b6 -)'an f&)res1 =G 5c6 Co''on obDects1 ? (s)c+
as cloc31 rn&1 'elon1 &c.)G 5d6 Geo'etrcal f&)re1 *G 5e6 6rtten 8ords1 .G
5$6 (cenes1 <G 5g6 4ancf)l &ro)$s or scenes1 @.
6t+ re&ard to t+e 8rtten 8ords (e)1 I 'a" sa" t+at bot+ nstances
occ)rred after a dstnct s)&&eston fro' '"self. On t+e frst occason I
loo3ed n t+e cr"stal ''edatel" after 8rtn& to as3 for an address 8+c+ I
+ad 3no8n1 b)t for&otten. I sa8 a ro8 of s'all letters1 8ondered f t+e"
re$resented t+e address reE)red1 t+en sa8 $lanl" ;@ Onslo8 (E)are. It 8as
onl" t+e n)'ber 8+c+ I 8anted1 and I fo)nd t+at t+e n)'ber 8as not
correct. On t+e second occason (*>) I +ad been tr"n& to obtan a)to'atc
8rtn& 8+le loo3n& n t+e cr"stal. I 8as also 8ondern& 8+o +ad $)t a
$ar of lost scssors n a 2er" cons$c)o)s $lace1 8+ere I +ad D)st fo)nd
t+e'. I sa8 a na'e 8rtten1 and fo)nd t+at '" r&+t +and +ad 8rtten t+e
sa'e na'eG t 8as a na'e l3el" to occ)r to 'e.Y
I +a2e ta3en consderable $ans to endea2o)r to trace connectons
bet8een +i,KNL- t+e $ct)res n t+e cr"stal and deas or obDects latel" $resent
to '" 'nd1 b)t t+ere are onl" nne cases o)t of t+e t+rt"Ct+ree 8+ere I
+a2e $erce2ed an" $ossble connecton bet8een '" t+o)&+ts and '"
2sons.Y
T8o of t+ese (<1 *>) +a2e alread" been 'entonedG t+e" are t+e cases
8+ere 8rtten 8ords a$$eared. In t+e ne#t case (?) I +ad been 8ondern&
8+at $eo$le 8e s+o)ld 'eet at a l)nc+eon $art" to 8+c+ 8e 8ere &on&1
and I sa8 n t+e cr"stal a +)'an f&)re1 t+at of an old lad" n blac31 8t+ a
2el or +ood on19 not a 2er" l3el" &)est1 $er+a$s. In t+e fo)rt+ case (.<)
after endless fleetn& $ct)res1 sn&le f&)res1 &ro)$s1 sense of r)s+1 f&)re
8t+ ar' o)t19 s)ddenl" t+e 8+ole beca'e clear and I sa8 a 'an n
)nfor' and ca$1 8t+ &old or sl2er brad1 +oldn& o)t +s ar' to s&nal1 and
a tran r)s+n& on f)ll s$eed1 and I 3ne8 t+ere 8as an accdent1 t+o)&+ I sa8
none.9 I +ad been to to8n and bac3 on t+at da". T+e ne#t t8o (.@1 ;>) 8ere
seen n ''edate s)ccessonG I sa8 frst t+e letter % n s'all br&+t stars1
8t+ a co'et o2er+ead1 and on loo3n& a&an1 a $"ra'd dar3 a&anst a red
s3". I fnd a note n t+e boo3 t+at 8e +ad been notcn& t+e red &lo8 of t+e
s3"1 and a star19 D)st before I loo3ed n t+e cr"stal. T+e last of t+ese cases
(;.) s one alread" descrbedG I need onl" add t+e s)&&ested e#$lanaton1
t+at I +ad been n t+e late afternoon at a lect)re ll)strated b" lantern1 and
t+at t+s 2son La blac3 re2ol2n& s$+ere1 8t+ o)ter fer" rn&M occ)rred
abo)t an +o)r after '" ret)rn fro' t+e lect)re.Y
'(, B . T+e follo8n& cases are e#tracted fro' /ss %. Goodrc+C
4reer5s $a$er on Recent E#$er'ents n Cr"stal Vson9 (&roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2.1 *AA@1 $$. ?>?K?*@). /ss Goodrc+C4reer classfes +er
2sons )nder t+ree +eads1 as follo8sJ
*. %fterC'a&es or recr)descent 'e'ores1 often rsn& t+)s and t+)s
onl" fro' t+e s)bCconsco)s strata to 8+c+ t+e" +ad s)n3.
.. ObDect2atons of deas or 'a&esG 5a6 consco)sl" or 5b6
)nconsco)sl" n t+e 'nd of t+e $erc$ent.
;. Vsons1 $ossbl" tele$at+c or clar2o"ant1 '$l"n& acE)re'ent of
3no8led&e b" s)$ernor'al 'eans.
I E)ote frst t8o e#a'$les of recr)descent 'e'oresJ
I +ad been occ)$ed 8t+ acco)ntsG I o$ened a dra8er to ta3e o)t '"
ban3n&Cboo3. /" +and ca'e n contact 8t+ t+e cr"stal1 and I 8elco'ed
t+e s)&&eston of a c+an&e of occ)$aton. -o8e2er1 f&)res 8ere stll
)$$er'ost1 and t+e cr"stal +ad not+n& 'ore attract2e to s+o8 'e t+an t+e
co'bnaton =B@<. ,s'ssn& t+s as $robabl" t+e n)'ber of t+e cab I +ad
dr2en n t+at da"1 or a c+ance &ro)$n& of t+e f&)res 8t+ 8+c+ I +ad been
occ)$ed1 I lad asde t+e cr"stal and too3 )$ '" ban3n&Cboo31 8+c+ I +ad
certanl" not seen for so'e 'ont+s1 and fo)nd1 to '" s)r$rse1 t+at t+e
n)'ber on t+e co2er 8as =B@<. -ad I 8s+ed to recall t+e f&)res I s+o)ld1
8t+o)t do)bt1 +a2e faled1 and co)ld not e2en +a2e &)essed at t+e n)'ber
of d&ts or t+e 2al)e of t+e frst f&)re.Y
To E)ote a&an fro' '" noteCboo3.Y I +ad carelessl" destro"ed a letter
8t+o)t $reser2n& t+e address of '" corres$ondent. I 3ne8 t+e co)nt"1 and
searc+n& n a 'a$ reco&nsed t+e na'e of t+e to8n1 one )nfa'lar to 'e1
b)t 8+c+ I 8as s)re I s+o)ld 3no8 8+en I sa8 t. B)t I +ad no cl)e to t+e
na'e of +o)se or street1 tll at last t str)c3 'e to test t+e 2al)e of t+e cr"stal
as a +i,KNM- 'eans of recalln& for&otten 3no8led&e. % 2er" s+ort
ns$ecton s)$$led 'e 8t+ -. -o)se9
*
n &re" letters on a 8+te &ro)nd1
and +a2n& not+n& better to s)&&est fro' an" ot+er so)rce1 I rs3ed $ostn&
'" letter to t+e address so stran&el" s)$$led. % da" or t8o bro)&+t 'e an
ans8er1 +eaded -. -o)se n &re" letters on a 8+te &ro)nd.
T+e ne#t s a $ossbl" tele$at+c caseJ
On /onda" e2enn&1 4ebr)ar" **1 I too3 )$ t+e cr"stal1 8t+ t+e
delberate ntenton of seen& n t a f&)re1 8+c+ +a$$ened to occ)$" '"
t+o)&+ts at t+e 'o'ent1 b)t I fo)nd t+e feld $reCocc)$ed b" a s'all b)nc+
of daffodlsa $r' lttle $os"1 not lar&er t+an '&+t be for'ed b" t8o or
t+ree fne +eads. T+s $resented tself n 2aro)s $ostons1 n s$te of '"
+)rr" to be rd of t1 for I ras+l" concl)ded '" 2son to be a conseE)ence of
'" +a2n& t+e da" before seen1 on a frend5s dnnerCtable1 t+e frst daffodls
of t+e season. T+e rese'blance 8as not co'$lete1 for t+ose I +ad seen 8ere
loosel" arran&ed and nter'#ed 8t+ ferns and 2"1 8+ereas '" cr"stalC
2son +ad no fola&e1 and 8as a co'$act lttle b)nc+. It 8as not tll
T+)rsda"1 *<t+1 t+at I rece2ed1 as a 8+oll" )ne#$ected Valentne19 a
$antn&1 on a bl)e satn &ro)nd1 of a b)nc+ of daffodls1 corres$ondn&
e#actl" 8t+ '" cr"stal $ct)re1 and learnt t+at t+e artst +ad s$ent so'e
+o)rs on /onda"1 $re2o)s to '" 2son1 n 'a3n& st)des of t+e flo8ers n
2aro)s $ostons.
T+e follo8n& are ot+er cases n /ss Goodrc+C4reer5s e#$erence1
ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <@>.
In so'e casesYI +a2e act)all" tred '" best to see or +ear so'et+n&1
b)t faledG and t+en t+e cr"stal +as s+o8n 'e t+at so'et+n& 8t+n 'e +as
been able to see or +ear at lon&er ran&e t+an I 3ne8.
.
4ro' a letter1 8rtten 7)l" *1 *A@*1 I ta3e t+e follo8n& acco)ntJ I
loo3ed across t+e roo' t+s 'ornn& to a dstant table1 8+ere I e#$ected to
see a boo3 I 8anted. It 8as not t+ere1 b)t '" e"e 8as ca)&+t b" anot+er
boo3 8+c+ I sa8 8as stran&e to 'e. I tred1 b)t co)ld not read t+e ttle at
t+at dstance (I +a2e snce $ro2ed t+at1 e2en no8 I 3no8 t1 t+s s
'$ossble)G and t)rned a8a" to res)'e '" 8rtn&. On '" blan3 $a$eras
n a cr"stalCsceneI read HT+e Valle" of Lles15 8+c+ I fo)nd to be t+e
ttle of t+e +i,KNN- boo3. I +a2e no recollecton of e2er seen& t+e boo3
before1 certanl" not n t+s +o)se1 t+o)&+ t may +a2e ca)&+t '" e"e n a
s+o$.9 On 7)l" . I addJ T+e boo3 8as bro)&+t nto t+e +o)se n '"
absence1 and $laced Lb" a relat2eM on +er s$ecal table1 on 8+c+ my t+n&s
are ne2er $)t1 and 8+c+1 t+erefore1 I s+o)ld not necessarl" &lance at on
entern& t+e roo'1 as at '" o8n table1 for cards or letters. I dd not enter t+e
roo' tll after l)nc+1 and1 so far as I 3no81 8ent stra&+t to '" o8n seat1 not
$assn& +er table1 8+c+ s n t+e o$$oste corner. T+e boo3 s of rat+er
$ec)lar a$$earancean 'taton of 8ood. If I +ad consco)sl" seen t n a
s+o$ I s+o)ld $robabl" +a2e bo)&+t t1 for t $)r$orts to be b" '" fa2o)rte
a Re'$s.9
I &2e anot+er nstance n 8+c+ a s'lar sl&+t e#tenson of t+e $o8er
of hearing see's to be n2ol2edJ
In %)&)st *A@* 8e 8ent for a fe8 8ee3s to a s'all co)ntr" $lace1
8+ere 8e +ad ta3en a +o)se for t+e a)t)'n1 and 8+c+ I +ad ne2er 2sted
before1 e#ce$t once for a sn&le da". One da" a 3ndl" ne&+bo)r called to
offer )s t+e )se of +s &arden d)rn& +s o8n absence fro' +o'e. %s +e left
t+e +o)se +e loo3ed )$ n $assn& t+e 8ndo81 and sad so'et+n&1 of
8+c+ net+er I nor a &rl 8+o 8as sta"n& 8t+ 'e co)ld catc+ a sn&le
8ord.
T+e sa'e e2enn& I sa8 n t+e cr"stal a $ct)re of so'e e#traordnarl"
tall and b)s+" s8eetC$eas traned o2er 8re fencn&a $ct)re to 8+c+ I
co)ld ass&n no 'eann&. T+e ne#t da" 8e 'et o)r frend5s +o)se3ee$er1
8+o referred to t+e n2taton1 and added1 /r. P. sa"s +e +o$es "o) +eard
+s 8arnn& not to lose "o)rsel2es a'on& t+e s8eetC$easZ9 On 2stn& t+e
&arden1 I fo)nd t+e fencn& co2ered e#actl" as t+e cr"stal +ad s+o8n1 t+e
s8eetC$eas1 of 8+c+ /r. P. 8as D)stl" so $ro)d1 +a2n& been arran&ed to
nterce$t a 2e8 of t+e ral8a".
'(, C . T+e follo8n& case s e#tracted fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $$. <@@K?*?.
In t+s case1 cr"stalC2son +as for'ed b)t a s'all $art of a lon& and
co'$le# &ro)$ of $+eno'ena centrn& n a lad" 8+o 8s+es to be 3no8n as
/ss %. I +a2e been nt'atel" acE)anted 8t+ /ss %. and +er fa'l" for
so'e "ears1 and +a2e $ersonall" 8tnessed 'an" of t+ese $+eno'ena. I add
to +er acco)nt1 bet8een sE)are brac3ets1 so'e notes 'ade b" t+e Co)ntess
of Radnor1 t+e frend n 8+ose $resence 'an" of t+e $+eno'ena occ)rred
and 8+o +as re2sed t+e acco)nt1 and so'e )ns&ned notes of '" o8n.
*. 'eath.I do not 3no8 f '" +ealt+ affects t+e cr"stalCseen&G I a'
so seldo' ll t+at I +a2e not tred. If I +a2e a +eadac+e I ne2er loo3 n t+e
cr"stalG b)t I s+o)ld 'a&ne I s+o)ld see eE)all" 8ell an"8a".
.. Cisuaising &o#er, Ac.I see n t+e cr"stal much 'ore dstnctl"
t+an I co)ld e2er imagine t+n&s. I a' a 2er" bad 2s)alserG and 8+en I
t+n3 of $eo$le I do so ')c+ 'ore b" t+e so)nd of t+er 2oce t+an b" t+er
faces or f&)res. I don5t t+n3 I e2er 'a&ned a &ro)$ n 'oton n '" lfe. I
a' 2er" s+ortCs&+ted1 and seldo' 8ear &lassesG conseE)entl"1 I rarel" &et a
dear $ct)re of an" roo' or scene. B)t 8+en I loo3 n t+e cr"stal I see
e2er"t+n& as clearl" as t+o)&+ I +ad stron& &lasses on. I cannot be s)re
8+et+er et+er '" s+ort s&+t or '" 2s)alsn& $o8er s better n drea's
t+an n 8a3n& +o)rsG b)t I thinB bot+ are better. Certanl"1 +o8e2er1 I ne2er
see n drea's an" scene at all co'$arable n clearness to 8+at I see n t+e
cr"stal.
+i,KNO-
I +a2e no artstc &ft1 alt+o)&+ I +a2e rece2ed a fe8 lessons n dra8n&
and $antn&. I +a2e a)to'atcall" dra8n flo8ers1 f&)res1 a sna3e1 &c.1
')c+ better t+an I can dra8 b" consco)s effort.Y
;. Cisions apart $rom Crysta or <ther Specuum.I +a2e so'et'es1
&enerall" as t+e res)lt of effort1 seen +all)cnator" f&)resall of t+e'1 I
bele2e1 n so'e sense veridica, ne2er 'ere s)bDect2e +all)cnatons1
standn& or sttn& n t+e roo'. %nd I +a2e1 once at least1 seen t+e roo'
tself alter. I sa8 a lar&e 'odern roo' c+an&e nto t+e l3eness (as s+o8n
after8ards b" nde$endent record) of 8+at t 8as .>> "ears a&oG and I sa8
$ersons n t 8+o a$$arentl" belon&ed to t+at date.
LT+e +stor" of t+e roo' 8as 3no8n to Lad" Radnor1 8+o attestsJ /ss
%. +as1 8t+o)t loo3n& nto an"t+n&1 descrbed a roo'1 8+ose +stor" 8as
)n3no8n to +er1 as I +a2e reason to bele2e t+at t 8as .>> "ears a&o. It 8as
t+e Lon& Parlo)r at Lon&ford1 8+c+ n *B=> 8as )sed as t+e c+a$el.-.
/. R%,!OR.9 Ot+er 2sons of t+s 3nd 8ll be dealt 8t+ later.M
<. 9irst *iscovery o$ the &o#er.It s no8 so'e "ears snce I frst
be&an to loo3 n t+e cr"stal. I +ad alread" 8rtten a)to'atcall"1 b)t 3ne8
not+n& of cr"stalC2son1 I +a$$ened one da" to be l)nc+n& 8t+ so'e
frends 8+o tal3ed on t+e s)bDect1 and sad t+at t+e" bele2ed t+at a &lass of
clear 8ater acted n t+e sa'e 'anner. T8o or t+ree of )s loo3ed n &lasses
of 8ater1 and after a lttle 8+le I see'ed to see at t+e botto' of '" &lass a
s'all &old 3e". T+s 8as so dstnct t+at I loo3ed on t+e tableclot+1 t+n3n&
t+at t+ere ')st be a real 3e" t+ere. T+ere 8as none1 and not+n& to e#$lan
8+at I sa8.
?. Specuum and 2ode o$ :a3ing.6e bo)&+t a &lass ball1 and I
&rad)all" be&an to see a &ood deal n t. I +a2e snce seen n se2eral cr"stals1
n a 'oonstone n a bracelet1 &c. LI +a2e 3no8n +er see t+n&s n a $ols+ed
table.-. /. R%,!OR.M It does not see' to 'atter ')c+ 8+at t+e s'oot+
s)rface sG b)t I +a2e so'et'es fanced t+at t+e scenes 8ere br&+ter f seen
n a real cr"stal. Occasonall" I see t+n&s n a 'rror1 or e2en 8t+o)t an"
clear s)rface1 as t+o)&+ I 8ere n t+e 'dst of t+e'.
I et+er ta3e t+e cr"stal nto a dar3 corner of t+e roo'1 or 8ra$ t )$ n
blac3 8t+ onl" a lttle bt )nco2ered1 or f t s s'all I +old t nsde '"
+and and loo3 r&+t nto t. I can see eE)all" 8ell n t+e dar3. %fter a 'n)te
or t8o I see' to see a 2er" br&+t l&+t n t1 8+c+ dsa$$ears after a fe8
seconds1 and t+en t+e s)rface a$$ears clo)d" and t+c3. T+s 'st clears
a8a"1 and I see so'et'es 2e8s1 so'et'es faces1 so'et'es letters1 and
all 3nds of t+n&s n t. T+e" onl" last for a fe8 seconds or so'et'es
'n)tes1 and bet8een eac+ ne8 $ct)re I see t+e sa'e l&+t and t+en 'st. I
cannot loo3 n t+e cr"stal for lon&1 as t 'a3es '" e"es 8ater 8t+ t+e
br&+tness of t+e l&+t and &2es 'e a feeln& as f a band 8ere ted ro)nd
'" +eadG b)t f I onl" loo3 a lttle 8+le t does not +)rt 'e at all. T+e
cr"stal see's to beco'e a &lobe of l&+t. If a s)nlt scene a$$ears1 t+e l&+t
'a" contn)e1 or t 'a" dsa$$ear before t+e f&)re s+o8s tself. L-er e"es
often strea' 8t+ tears fro' t+e br&+tness of t+e l&+t.9-. /.
R%,!OR.M I a' n a $erfectl" nor'al condton 8+en I loo3G not slee$"1 nor
n a trance1 nor )nconsco)s of '" s)rro)ndn&s.
B. 2agni$ication, Ac. I +a2e tred t+e 'a&nf"n& &lass. T+e res)lts are
D)st t+e sa'e as 8t+o)t tG onl" t+e &lass ben& on t+e to$1 I s)$$ose I see n
t nstead of n t+e cr"stal.Y
=. Cerba 2essages in the Crysta.6+en I see 8rtn& n t+e cr"stal I
see +i,KOP- t onl" one letter at a t'eG and 8+en t+e letters are $)t do8n
t+e" are fo)nd to be 8ords s$elt bac38ards.
LEac+ letter n t)rn see's to fll t+e cr"stalG and t+e letters s)cceed eac+
ot+er so ra$dl" t+at t s +ard to ta3e t+e' do8n fro' /ss %.5s dctaton.
T+e 8ords 'a" co'e to e#$lan a $ct)re1 or 'a" for' a 'essa&e b"
t+e'sel2es. T+e bac38ard s$elln& s $robabl" ado$ted n order to $re2ent
/ss %.5s s)$ral'nal ntell&ence fro' &)essn& at1 and t+ereb" dst)rbn&1
t+e 'essa&e 8+c+ s ben& &2en.M
4o)rteen cases are &2en n detal1 se2en of 8+c+ I E)ote1 as follo8sJ
). Second contemporaneous scene.
In one case I sa8 and descrbed /r. B. (a 8ellC3no8n 8rter)1 8+o' I
3ne8 sl&+tl"1 as +)ntn& for a $a$er n t+e dra8ers of a 8rtn&Ctable. -e
)sed a $artc)lar $en1 8+c+ I descrbed1 and 8t+ +s +ands r)ffled +s +ar
tll t stood )$ n a 3nd of +alo. % lad" ca'e n and $onted to +s +ar and
la)&+ed. Lord Radnor nE)red of /r B.1 and all t+s 8as fo)nd to be
correct. -e 8as 8rtn& 8t+ a $en )n)s)al to +' (sl2er nstead of E)ll1 or
vice versF)1 and 8as loo3n& for a $a$er 8+c+ +e 8anted to send b" $ost.
-s sster (I dd not 3no8 t+at s+e l2ed 8t+ +'1 and +ad ne2er seen +er)
entered t+e roo'1 and $onted la)&+n& to +s +ar1 D)st as I +ad seen.
LConfr'ed.-. /. R%,!OR.M
T+e fo)r ne#t cases are reco)nted b" (r 7ose$+ Barnb"1 t+e 8ellC3no8n
')scan1 and I &2e t8o of t+e'. Case C s $robabl" e#actl"
conte'$oraneo)s1 and case 9 see's $reco&nt2e.
C. (r 7ose$+ Barnb" 8rtes as follo8sJ
November *A@..
I 8as n2ted b" Lord and Lad" Radnor to t+e 8eddn& of t+er da)&+ter1
Lad" 6l'a Bo)2ere1 8+c+ too3 $lace %)&)st *?1 *AA@.
I 8as 'et at (alsb)r" b" Lord and Lad" Radnor and dr2en to Lon&ford
Castle. In t+e co)rse of t+e dr2e1 Lad" Radnor sad to 'eJ 6e +a2e a
"o)n& lad" sta"n& 8t+ )s n 8+o'1 I t+n31 "o) 8ll be ')c+ nterested.
(+e $ossesses t+e fac)lt" of seen& 2sons1 and s ot+er8se closel"
connected 8t+ t+e s$rt)al 8orld. Onl" last n&+t s+e 8as loo3n& n +er
cr"stal and descrbed a roo' 8+c+ s+e sa8 t+eren1 as a 3nd of London
dnn&Croo'. LT+e roo' descrbed 8as not n London b)t at L.1 and /ss %.
$artc)larl" re'ar3ed t+at t+e floor 8as n lar&e sE)ares of blac3 and 8+te
'arbleas t s n t+e b& +all at L.1 8+ere fa'l" $ra"ers are sad.-. /.
R%,!OR.M 6t+ a lttle la)&+1 s+e added1 H%nd t+e fa'l" are e2dentl" at
$ra"ers1 t+e ser2ants are 3neeln& at t+e c+ars ro)nd t+e roo'1 and t+e
$ra"ers are ben& read b" a tall and dstn&)s+edCloo3n& &entle'an 8t+ a
2er" +andso'e1 lon& &re" beard.I 6t+ anot+er lttle la)&+1 s+e contn)edJ
H% lad" D)st be+nd +' rses fro' +er 3nees and s$ea3s to +'. -e $)ts +er
asde 8t+ a 8a2e of t+e +and1 and contn)es +s readn&.I T+e "o)n& lad"
+ere &a2e a caref)l descr$ton of t+e lad" 8+o +ad rsen fro' +er 3nees.9
Lad" Radnor t+en sadJ 4ro' t+e descr$ton &2en I cannot +el$
t+n3n& t+at t+e t8o $rnc$al $ersona&es descrbed are Lord and Lad" L.1
b)t I s+all as3 Lord L. t+s e2enn&1 as t+e" are co'n& b" a later tran1 and I
s+o)ld l3e "o) to be $resent 8+en t+e ans8er s &2en.9
T+at sa'e e2enn&1 after dnner1 I 8as tal3n& to Lord L. 8+en Lad" +i,
KOG- Radnor ca'e )$ to +' and sadJ I 8ant to as3 "o) a E)eston. I a'
afrad "o) 8ll t+n3 t a 2er" sll" one1 b)t n an" case I +o$e "o) 8ll not
as3 'e 8+" I +a2e $)t t+e E)estonW9 To t+s Lord L. co)rteo)sl" assented.
(+e t+en sadJ 6ere "o) at +o'e last n&+tW9 -e re$led1 Yes.9 (+e sadJ
6ere "o) +a2n& fa'l" $ra"ers at s)c+ a t'e last e2enn&W9 6t+ a sl&+t
loo3 of s)r$rse +e re$led1 Yes1 8e 8ere.9 (+e t+en sadJ ,)rn& t+e
co)rse of t+e $ra"ers dd Lad" L. rse fro' +er 3nees and s$ea3 to "o)1 and
dd "o) $)t +er asde 8t+ a 8a2e of t+e +andW9 /)c+ astons+ed1 Lord L.
ans8eredJ Yes1 t+at 8as so1 b)t 'a" I nE)re 8+" "o) +a2e as3ed t+s
E)estonW9 To 8+c+ Lad" Radnor ans8eredJ Yo) $ro'sed "o) 8o)ldn5t
as3 'e t+atZ9
9. One 'ore ncdent n connecton 8t+ t+e e#traordnar" $o8ers of
t+s "o)n& lad" re'ans to be noted. 6+lst loo3n& n +er cr"stal d)rn&
one of t+e da"s I s$ent at Lon&ford1 s+e descrbed1 a'on&st a n)'ber of
t+n&s )nnecessar" to 'enton1 a roo' 8+c+ a$$eared to +er to be a
bedroo'. (+e a$$eared to be 2e8n& t+e roo' fro' D)st outsde t+e open
door1 for s+e sadJ If t+ere be a bed n t+e roo' t ')st be be+nd t+e door
on t+e leftG9 n an" case t+e roo' 8as a lon& one and t+e end of t 8as
occ)$ed b" a lar&e 8ndo8 8+c+ for'ed t+e entre end of t+e roo'. (+e
addedJ T+ere s a lad" n t+e roo'1 dr"n& +er +ands on a to8el.9 (+e
descrbed t+e lad" as tall1 dar31 sl&+tl" fore&n n a$$earance and 8t+
rat+er an ar9 abo)t +er. T+s descrbed 8t+ s)c+ astons+n& acc)rac" '"
8fe1 and t+e roo' s+e 8as t+en occ)$"n& at a +otel at Eastbo)rne1 t+at I
8as '$elled to as3 for $artc)lars as to dress1 &c. (+e stated t+at t+e dress
8as of ser&e1 8t+ a &ood deal of brad on t+e bodce and a str$ of brad
do8n one sde of t+e s3rt. T+s t+re8 'e off t+e scent1 as before I +ad
started for Lon&ford '" 8fe +ad e#$ressed re&ret t+at s+e +ad not a ser&e
dress 8t+ +er. /" astons+'ent1 t+erefore1 8as &reat on ret)rnn& to
Eastbo)rne to fnd '" 8fe 8earn& a ser&e dress e#actl" ans8ern& to t+e
descr$ton &2en abo2e. T+e seE)el to t+s ncdent co'es so'e s#teen
'ont+s later on1 8+en '" 8fe and I attended a $erfor'ance &2en b" t+e
/a&$e /nstrels (a socet" of ')scal a'ate)rs) at Prnces5 -all1
Pccadll". 6e arr2ed earl"1 and after $lacn& '" 8fe n a seat I 'o2ed
abo)t t+e roo' s$ea3n& to frends +ere and t+ere. In t+e co)rse of ten
'n)tes or so1 Lad" Radnor and /ss %. entered t+e roo'. ,)rn& t+e
&reetn&s 8+c+ ens)ed1 /ss %. called '" attenton to a standn& f&)re1
sa"n&J Yo) 8ll re'e'ber '" seen& a lad" n +er bedroo' 8+le loo3n&
n '" cr"stalG that s t+e lad" I sa8.9 That #as my #i$e! I onl" need add t+at
s+e +ad ne2er seen '" 8fe.
7O(EP- B%R!BY.
Lad" Barnb" 8rtes as follo8s n corroboraton of t+e ncdent relatn&
to +er o8n dressJ
@ (T. GEORGE5( (X:%RE1 (.6.
Saturday, November *.1 *A@..
T+e acco)nt abo)t 'e and '" dress s re'ar3able as ben& o)t of t+e
&eneral co)rse of t+n&s n t+s 8a"J I +ad been re'ar3n& to (r 7ose$+ t+at
t 8as a 'sta3e to co'e to t+e seasde 8t+o)t a ser&e dress1 t+at ben& a
'ateral $artc)larl" s)ted for 8ear at t+e seasde1 b)t I addedJ I do not
t+n3 t+ere s ')c+ )se n ordern& one no81 as /ada'e ,. 8ll be &one for
+er +olda"1 t ben& %)&)st.9 (r 7ose$+ left t+e ne#t da" for Lon&ford1 and
I 8rote to /ada'e ,.1 telln& +er to 'a3e 'e t+s &o8n. (+e &ot t+e letter
Tuesday L%)&)st *;1 *AA@M1 and n t+e 'ar2ello)sl" s+ort t'e b" +i,KOH-
Saturday, I rece2ed '" &o8n. T+en a&an1 t s not )s)al n a +otel to +a2e
one5s bedroo' door o$en 8+en one s occ)$"n& t+e roo'1 b)t t+e reason
for t on t+s occason 8as t+e fact t+at I 8as to 'eet (r 7ose$+ on +s
ret)rn fro' Lon&ford LT)esda"1 %)&)st .>M (as a surprise n t+s ne8 ser&e
&o8n) and +a2n& no cloc3 n o)r bedroo'1 8+c+ 8as at t+e end of t+e
corrdor1 8t+ '" da)&+ter5s roo' at an an&le to o)rs1 8+ere s+e sle$t 8t+
+er 'ad1 It+n3n& I 8as so'e8+at late for 'eetn& t+e trano$ened
t+e door to call to t+e 'ad to tell 'e t+e t'e as I 8as+ed '" +ands
standn& at t+e 8as++andCstand n a lne 8t+ t+e o$en door. I do not
s)$$ose I +a2e e2er done s)c+ a t+n& at a +otel before or snce.
E,IT- /%RY B%R!BY.
LT+ese dates +a2e been confr'ed b" Lad" Barnb" fro' +er dar". Lad"
Barnb" also tells 'e t+at +er n)rse confr's t+e lttle ncdent of t+e
8earn& of t+e ser&e dress frst on %)&)st .>. T+e cr"stalCscene1 t+erefore1
see's to +a2e antc$ated a certan defnte 'o'ent1 8+c+ +a$$ens to +a2e
been 8ell re'e'bered.
Case C (Lord L. at $ra"ers).T+s ncdent +as been nde$endentl"
reco)nted to 'e bot+ b" Lad" Radnor and b" /ss %. +erself. %not+er
s'all $ont not &2en b" (r 7. Barnb" s t+at /ss %. dd not at frst
)nderstand t+at fa'l" $ra"ers 8ere &on& on1 b)t e#cla'edJ -ere are a
n)'ber of $eo$le co'n& nto t+e roo'. 6+"1 t+e"5re s'elln& t+er
c+arsZ9M
4o)r cases of a$$arentl" +storcal scenes connected 8t+ (alsb)r"
Cat+edral are &2en1 of 8+c+ I E)ote one1 related b" Lad" Radnor.
'. 7etrocognitive Scene (Bran ,)$$a).
On 4ebr)ar" .;1 *A@>1 /ss %. and I 8ere n t+e Ca&e9 Lor -)n&erford
C+a$elM and s+e told 'e s+e sa8 a &rand cere'onal ta3n& $lace. T+ere
a$$eared to be a tall c+ar 8+c+ obstr)cted t+e 2e8 do8n t+e c+or1 and
&rad)all" t+e $lace a$$eared flled 8t+ clercals and ot+ers dressed n t+er
best attre. T+en s+e sa8 a tall b& 'an1 slo8l" 8al3n& )$1 dressed n red
8t+ 8+te and lace o2er t1 so'et+n& t+at +)n& ro)nd +s nec3 and do8n to
+s feet of broad &old e'broder"1 and a broad sort of 'tre (b)t not $ea3ed)
'ore l3e a bretta1 of bea)tf)l e'broder".
T+en t+ere 8ere t+ree or fo)r dressed 2er" ')c+ l3e +'1 &or&eo)sl"
dressed1 and lots of lttle bo"s abo)t n red and 8+te and lace+oldn&
candles1 boo3s1 &c. T+e 8+ole $lace 8as 2er" f)ll of $eo$le1 and t 8as
e2dentl" a &reat occason. %fter t+e $rnc$al f&)re +ad 3nelt n front of t+e
c+arloo3n& to t+e 8est for so'e lttle t'e+e stood )$1 and ten lttle
bo"s lfted )$ t+e c+ar1 and carred t +&+er )$ and $laced t n front of t+e
altar1 stll facn& 8est. T+en t+e $rnc$al f&)re 8al3ed )$ t8o ste$s and
faced t+e east. (T+e 8+ole of t+e arran&e'ents of t+e altar1 &c.1 as /ss %.
sa8 t+e'1 are E)te dfferent fro' 8+at t+e" are no8.) LIt s +ere 'eant t+at
/ss %.5s descr$ton 8as correct for t+at $ast dateG as Lord Radnor
e#$lctl" told 'e 8as t+e case.M -e +ad not+n& on +s +ead no8. -e 3nelt
so'e lttle t'e1 and t+en t+e 'ost &or&eo)sl" dressed of t+e ot+er f&)res
$laced so'et+n& l3e a 'tre on +s +ead and retred1 and t+e $rnc$al
f&)re 8al3ed )$ to t+e c+ar1 and sat do8n on t facn& t+e con&re&aton.
/ss %. sad s+e sa8 +' later dead n a coffn1 8t+ t+e 6nc+ester Cross
o2er a'. (+e sa"s +e 8as tall1 b&1 cleanCs+a2en1 a lttle c)rln& +ar1 and
bl)eC&re" e"es.
/ss %. as3ed 8+at s+e 8as seen&1 and t+e ans8er ca'e b" ra$s.
%. T+e nd)cton of Brant :$$a.
+i,KOI-
T+en /ss %. sadJ T+ere can5t be s)c+ a na'eG t ')st be 8ron&.
(+e tred a&an1 and &ot
%. Yo) are 8ron&. It s ,)$$a1 not :$$a. Bran ,)$$a. X. 6+o 8as
Bran ,)$$aW %. C+ster. X. 6+at 8as +eW %. Bs+o$ +ere. X. 6+enW or
8+at 8as +s dateW %. <<K*B. -s researc+es 8o)ld +el$ "o). /an)scr$ts
s+o)ld la" at 6nc+ester.
On ret)rnn& +o'e1 8e 8ere tal3n& after tea1 and I cas)all" too3 )$
Brtton5s -stor" of 6lts+re19 and sad to /ss %.1 la)&+n&J !o8 I 8ll
loo3 for "o)r Bs+o$.9YT+e $a&es 8+ere t+e Bs+o$s5 na'es 8ere 8ere
)nc)t1 sdes and to$. I c)t t+e'1 and to o)r del&+t 8e fo)nd on $. *<@J
Bran ,)$$a or ,e :$+a)&+1 ,. ,.Y t)tor to Prnce C+arlesY
translated to t+e (ee of C+c+ester (C+sterW)YBs+o$ of *B<*Y(de$osed
soon after b" Parla'ent)Y$referred soon after t+e Restoraton to t+e (ee of
6nc+ester.9 -e 8as at Carsbroo3e 8t+ C+arles I.1 and s s)$$osed to
+a2e asssted +' n t+e 8rtn& of t+e 8iBon )asiiBe, 8+c+ boo3 /ss %.
+ad been loo3n& at n '" bo)dor a fe8 da"s $re2o)sl"1 b)t 8+c+
contans no 'enton of +' nor +s na'e.
/ss %. 8rtesJ
U. 7etrocognitive Scene (6+te 6ebs).
I 8as loo3n& n t+e cr"stal a "ear or t8o a&o at Lon&ford Castle. Lad"
Radnor 8as n t+e roo' 8t+ 'e. I sa8 a'on&st ot+er t+n&s a lar&e car2ed
fre$lace 8t+ a coat of ar's n t+e 'ddle and c)ro)s ser$ents ent8ned.
T+ere see'ed to be a secret $assa&e1 8+c+ o$ened on to)c+n& one of t+e
ser$ents5 +eads. I see'ed to follo8 t+s $at+ )ntl t led o)t b" a r2er1 and I
sa8 f&)res $ass alon& t n oldCfas+oned dress. T+e na'e Ed8"e de
Bo2Pr" 8as t+en s$elt o)t n t+e cr"stalG and Lad" Radnor sad t+at t+e
2son ')st be all 8ron&1 as t+e na'e +ad ne2er been s$elt l3e t+at. T+e
na'e 6+te 6ebs9 8as also s$elt o)ta na'e of 8+c+ I +ad ne2er
+eard. % fe8 da"s after8ards1 8+en I 8as loo3n& at so'e boo3s n t+e
lbrar"1 I sa8 a c)ro)s old boo3 8t+ crests and coats of ar's1 dra8n b"
+and1 not $rntedG and n t+s boo3 I fo)nd one of t+e coats of ar's 8+c+ I
+ad seen n t+e cr"stalG onl" t+e one n t+e boo3 8as E)artered 8t+ anot+er1
and t+e one I sa8 n t+e cr"stal 8as E)te b" tself. Lad" Radnor fo)nd t+at
t 8as t+e coat belon&n& to an +eress1 a /ss ('t+. % lttle 8+le
after8ards1 n an old c+)rc+ re&ster or acco)ntCboo3 or so'et+n&1 t+e
na'e of (r Ed8"e de Bo2Pr" 8as fo)nd.
LIt 8as n an e#tract fro' a $ars+ re&ster at Brtford C+)rc+1 n 8+c+
$ars+ Lon&ford s. (r Ed8ard des Bo)2ere1 Rt.1 8+ose na'e I +a2e snce
fo)nd s$elt n old deeds de Bo2er"1 t+o)&+ +e s&ned t +'self des
Bo)2ere1 l2ed at t+e Red -o)se1 C+es+)nt1 -erts1 and ded t+ere *B@<. -s
son1 (r 6lla'1 sold t+e +o)se1 and l2ed $artl" at t+e Parsona&e of
C+es+)nt. T+ere s a $lace called 6+te 6ebs n t+at ne&+bo)r+ood. (r
Ed8ard5s &randson1 Ed8ard des Bo)2ere1 sold t+e $ro$ert" and settled at
Lon&ford n *=*=. In *=*A +e 'arred /ar" ('t+1 da)&+ter and coC+eress
of 7o+n ('t+ of London1 one of t+e frst Go2ernors of t+e Ban3 of
En&land. T+ere 8ere 'an" secret $assa&es leadn& to and fro' t+e Red
-o)se at C+es+)ntG b)t I +a2e not tred to dentf" t+e +o)se at 6+te 6ebs.
-. /. R%,!OR.M
2. 7etrocognitive Scene.
/rs. %. &2es t+e follo8n& acco)ntJ In October *AAB '" da)&+ter sa8
n t+e stone n +er bracelet a scene 8+c+ consderabl" '$ressed 'e1 as t
8as +i,KOJ- one 8+c+ I at once dentfed1 8+le I 8as absol)tel" s)re t+at I
+ad ne2er 'entoned t to +er or to an" of '" c+ldren. (+e sa8 a 'an n a
bar&eCl3e boat 8t+ a 2er" lar&e &)n f#ed n t1 t+e obDect of 8+c+ s+e
co)ld not )nderstand. T+e 'an 8as alone and l"n& n t+e botto' of t+e
boat1 and t+s also $)NNled +er. 6a2es see'ed to &et )$1 and t+e 'an ro8ed
e#tre'el" +ard1 as t+o)&+ tr"n& to &et to s+ore. T+en s+e sa8 +' t+ro8
+'self do8n 'otonless on to t+e lo8 beac+1 as f dead. !o8 t+s $lanl"
refers to a sad crss n '" fat+er5s lfe. -e 8ent o)t d)c3Cs+ootn& alone on
a !orfol3 Broad1 8t+ an o$enn& to t+e sea. % stor' &ot )$1 and +e 8as all
b)t blo8n o)t to sea. -e 8as a 2er" stron& 'an1 and b" &reat e#erton +e
&ot to land. T+en +e t+re8 +'self do8n absol)tel" s$entG and t+e
e#+a)ston of t+at da" 8as t+e be&nnn& of an llness 8+c+ )lt'atel"
3lled +'.9
L%not+er case1 8+c+ n one sense at least s retroco&nt2e1 s s)$$led
b" t+e -on. Erc Barrn&ton1 and confr'ed b" /rs. Barrn&ton. I +a2e also
rece2ed a concordant acco)nt of t+e cr"stalC'essa&e fro' Lad" Radnor1
t+e +ostess on t+e occason all)ded to.M
B. C%,OG%! PL%CE1
November .*1 *A@..
<.
T8o "ears a&o I 'et /ss %.1 I t+n3 for t+e frst t'e1 at dnner at a
frend5s +o)se. (+e told '" 8fe t+at s+e +ad seen standn& be+nd '" c+ar
a f&)re 8+c+ fro' +er descr$ton1 t+o)&+ so'e8+at 2a&)e1 see'ed to be
t+at of a 2er" &reat frend of 'ne1 an offcer 8+o +ad ded abo)t se2en
"ears a&o on act2e ser2ce. (+e referred $artc)larl" to t+e attt)de ass)'ed
b" t+e f&)re1 8+c+ 8as l3e t+e one n a $+oto&ra$+ I $ossess of +'1 b)t
8+c+ s+e +ad ne2er seen. (+e 3ne8 not+n& of t+s frends+$1 and t+e
na'e of t+e offcer 8as not 'entoned to +er.
Last s)''er 8e 'et a&an at t+e sa'e +o)se1 and alt+o)&+ n t+e
nter2al 8e +ad beco'e better acE)anted 8t+ /ss %. and +er fa'l"1 I a'
not consco)s of +a2n& e2er sad an"t+n& to +er on t+e s)bDect of '"
frend. On reac+n& t+e dra8n&Croo' after dnner I fo)nd +er loo3n& nto a
cr"stal and dctatn& 8t+ e#traordnar" ra$dt" a n)'ber of letters of t+e
al$+abet 8+c+ 8ere $assn& before +er1 and 8ere ben& ta3en do8n b" t+e
lad" of t+e +o)se1 8+o +ad t+e &reatest dffc)lt" n 3ee$n& $ace 8t+ +er.
6+en t+e letters ceased1 t 8as dsco2ered b" 'ar3n& t+e' off fro' t+e
end t+at t+e" for'ed a co'$lete 'essa&e1 of 8+c+ eac+ 8ord 8as s$elt
bac38ards. Before t+e letters be&an to s+o8 t+e'sel2es /ss %. sa8 n t+e
cr"stal t+e sa'e f&)re t+at s+e +ad seen t8o "ears before1 dressed n 8+at
a$$eared to be a dar3 )nfor'1 and n t+e sa'e $ec)lar attt)de1 b)t I 8as
not n t+e roo' 8+en t+s occ)rred. %s soon1 +o8e2er1 as t+e 'essa&e 8as
dec$+ered b" o)r +ostess1 t beca'e e2dent t+at t $)r$orted to $roceed
fro' t+e $erson 8+ose l3eness +ad D)st been re$rod)ced. It 8as addressed1
not to 'e1 8+o 8as absent fro' t+e roo' 8+en t+e letters frst a$$eared1
b)t to '" 8fe1 and 8as to t+e follo8n& effectJ
%s3 "o)r +)sband 8+et+er +e stll re'e'bers T.T. Tell +' t+at I a'
constantl" 8t+ +'1 and t+at deat+ 'a3es no dfference n frends+$.9
T+e f)ll s)rna'e 8as &2en1 $receded b" a nc3na'e 8+c+ +ad been
dro$$ed 8+en +e &re8 )$1 and 8as onl" 3no8n to t+ose 8+o1 l3e '"self1
+ad been nt'ate 8t+ +' fro' c+ld+ood.
It cannot be s)&&ested t+at /ss %. +ad been n an" 8a" '$ressed b"
'" t+o)&+ts1 for t 8as not )ntl I sat b" '" +ostess and +el$ed +er to s$ell
o)t +i,KOK- t+e 8ords of t+e 'essa&e t+at I realsed fro' 8+o' t ca'e1
8+en I 8as able to e#$lan t+e 'eann& of t+e nc3na'e t+at +ad
co'$letel" $)NNled +er1 t+o)&+ s+e +ad been 8ell acE)anted 8t+ t+e
bearer after +e entered t+e ar'".
ERIC B%RRI!GTO!.
T+s entrel" a&rees 8t+ '" recollecton of t+e crc)'stances. T+e
'o'ent /ss %. descrbed t+e f&)re on o)r frst 'eetn&1 I felt a 2er"
$ec)lar sensaton1 acco'$aned b" a certant" as to t+e dentt" of t+e
$erson s+e sa8.
C-RI(TI!% B%RRI!GTO!.
LT+ere s a $r2atel" $rnted lfe of t+e offcer n E)eston1 n 8+c+ an
earl" nc3na'e of +s s &2en. B)t I fnd t+at t+s nc3na'e s not t+e sa'e
as t+at s+o8n n t+e cr"stal1 8+c+ 8as a$$ro$rate for reco&nton b"
frends of bo"+ood onl".M
'(, D . T+e follo8n& acco)nts are e#tracts fro' /r. %ndre8 Lan&5s
2aBing o$ 7eigion (*A@A). /r. Lan& tells )s t+at +e 'ade t+e acE)antance
of t+e lad" 8+o' +e calls /ss %n&)s9 earl" n *A@=G +e obtaned a &lass
ball for t+e $)r$ose of as3n& +er to e#$er'ent 8t+ t1 and 8as $resent
8+en s+e frst dd so. T+e frst case &2en +ere occ)rred on t+e da" after s+e
be&an +er e#$er'ents1 and s descrbed n +er o8n 8ords (op. cit., $. @B).
% lad" one da" as3ed 'e to scr" o)t a frend of 8+o' s+e 8o)ld t+n3.
%l'ost ''edatel" I e#cla'ed1 -ere s an old1 old lad" loo3n& at 'e
8t+ a tr)'$+ant s'le on +er face. (+e +as a $ro'nent nose and n)tC
crac3er c+n. -er face s 2er" ')c+ 8rn3led1 es$ecall" at t+e sdes of +er
e"es1 as f s+e 8ere al8a"s s'ln&. (+e s 8earn& a lttle 8+te s+a8l 8t+
a blac3 ed&e. )utYs+e canQt be old1 as +er +ar s E)te bro8n1 alt+o)&+ +er
face loo3s so 2er"1 2er" old.9 T+e $ct)re t+en 2ans+ed1 and t+e lad" sad
t+at I +ad acc)ratel" descrbed +er frend5s mother nstead of +'selfG t+at t
8as a fa'l" Do3e t+at t+e 'ot+er ')st d"e +er +ar1 t 8as so bro8n1 and
s+e 8as e&+t"Ct8o "ears old. T+e lad" as3ed 'e f t+e 2son 8ere dstnct
eno)&+ for 'e to reco&nse a l3eness n t+e son5s $+oto&ra$+G ne#t da" s+e
lad se2eral $+oto&ra$+s before 'e1 and n a 'o'ent1 8t+o)t t+e sl&+test
+estaton1 I $c3ed +' o)t fro' +s 8onderf)l l3eness to '" 2son.
/r. Lan& addsJ
T+e nE)rer 2erball" corroborated all t+e facts to 'e1 8t+n a 8ee31 b)t
leaned to a t+eor" of electrct".9 (+e +as read and confr's t+s acco)nt.
T+e ne#t case 8+c+ I E)ote s &2en1 sa"s /r. Lan& ($. *>*)1 frst n t+e
2erson of t+e lad" 8+o 8as )nconsco)sl" scred for1 and ne#t n t+at of
/ss %n&)s. T+e ot+er lad" 8rtesJ
November .;rd, *A@=.
I 'et /ss %. for t+e frst t'e n a frend5s +o)se n t+e so)t+ of
En&land1 and one e2enn& 'enton 8as 'ade of a cr"stal ball1 and o)r
+ostess as3ed /ss %. to loo3 n t1 and f $ossble1 tell +er 8+at 8as
+a$$enn& to a frend of +ers. /ss %. too3 t+e cr"stal1 and o)r +ostess $)t
+er +and on /ss %.5s fore+ead to 8ll +er.9 I1 not bele2n& n t+s1 too3 )$
a boo3 and 8ent to t+e ot+er sde of t+e roo'. I 8as s)ddenl" 2er" ')c+
startled to +ear /ss +i,KOL- %.1 n E)te an a&tated 8a"1 descrbe a scene
t+at +ad 'ost certanl" been 2er" often n '" t+o)&+ts1 b)t of 8+c+ I +ad
ne2er 'entoned a 8ord. (+e acc)ratel" descrbed a raceCco)rse n
(cotland1 and an accdent 8+c+ +a$$ened to a frend of 'ne onl" a 8ee3
or t8o before1 and s+e 8as e2dentl" &on& t+ro)&+ t+e sa'e do)bt and
an#et" t+at I dd at t+e t'e as to 8+et+er +e 8as act)all" 3lled or onl"
2er" ')c+ +)rt. It reall" 8as a 'ost 8onderf)l re2elaton to 'e1 as t 8as
t+e very frst t'e I +ad seen a cr"stal. O)r +ostess1 of co)rse1 8as 2er"
')c+ anno"ed t+at s+e +ad not been able to nfl)ence /ss %.1 8+le I1 8+o
+ad a$$eared so 2er" ndfferent1 s+o)ld +a2e affected +er.
/ss %n&)s +erself 8rtesJ
%not+er case 8as a rat+er nterestn& one1 as I so'e+o8 &ot nsde t+e
t+o)&+ts of one lad" 8+le another 8as don& +er best to nfl)ence 'eZ
/ss 1 a frend n Br&+ton1 +as stran&e 'a&netc9 $o8ers1 and felt
E)te s)re of s)ccess 8t+ 'e and t+e ball.
%not+er lad"1 /ss -.1 8+o 8as $resent1 la)&+ed at t+e 8+ole t+n&1
es$ecall" 8+en /ss nssted on +oldn& '" +and1 and $)ttn& +er
ot+er +and on '" fore+ead. /ss -. n a scornf)l 'anner too3 )$ a boo31
and crossn& to t+e ot+er sde of t+e roo'1 left )s to o)r foll".
In a 2er" s+ort t'e I felt '"self &ettn& e#cted1 8+c+ +ad ne2er
+a$$ened before1 8+en I loo3ed n t+e cr"stal. I sa8 a cro8d of $eo$le1 and
n so'e stran&e 8a" I felt I 8as n t1 and 8e all see'ed to be 8atn& for
so'et+n&. (oon a rder ca'e $ast1 "o)n&1 dressed for racn&. -s +orse
a'bled $ast and +e s'led and nodded to t+ose +e 3ne8 n t+e cro8d1 and
t+en 8as lost to s&+t.
In a 'o'ent 8e all see'ed to feel as f so'et+n& +ad +a$$ened1 and I
8ent t+ro)&+ &reat a&on" of s)s$ense1 tr"n& to see 8+at see'ed "ust
be"ond '" 2e8. (oon1 +o8e2er1 t8o or t+ree 'en a$$roac+ed1 and carred
+' $ast before '" e"es1 and a&an '" an#et" 8as ntense to dsco2er f +e
8ere onl" 2er" badl" +)rt or f lfe 8ere reall" e#tnct. %ll t+s +a$$ened n
a fe8 'o'ents1 b)t lon& eno)&+ to +a2e left 'e so a&tated t+at I co)ld not
realse t +ad onl" been a 2son n a &lass ball.
B" t+s t'e /ss -. +ad lad asde +er boo3 and ca'e for8ard E)te
startled1 and told 'e t+at I +ad acc)ratel" descrbed a scene on a raceCco)rse
n (cotland 8+c+ s+e +ad 8tnessed D)st a 8ee3 or t8o beforea scene
t+at +ad 2er" often been n +er t+o)&+ts1 b)t1 as 8e 8ere stran&ers to eac+
ot+er1 s+e +ad ne2er 'entoned. (+e also sad I +ad e#actl" descrbed +er
o8n feeln&s at t+e t'e1 and +ad bro)&+t t all bac3 n a 'ost 22d 'anner.
T+e ot+er lad" 8as rat+er dsa$$onted t+at1 after s+e +ad concentrated
+er t+o)&+ts so +ard1 I s+o)ld +a2e been nfl)enced nstead b" one 8+o +ad
Deered at t+e 8+ole affar.
LT+s anecdote 8as also told to 'e1 8t+n a fe8 da"s of t+e occ)rrence1
b" /ss %n&)s. -er 2erson 8as t+at s+e frst sa8 a &entle'an rder &on&
to t+e $ost and noddn& to +s frends. T+en s+e sa8 +' carred on a
stretc+er t+ro)&+ t+e cro8d. (+e see'ed1 s+e sad1 to be act)all" $resent1
and felt so'e8+at a&tated. T+e fact of t+e accdent 8as1 later1 'entoned to
'e n (cotland b" anot+er lad"1 a stran&er to all t+e $ersons.
%. L.M
T+e ne#t case s t+)s descrbed b" /r. Lan& ($. *>B).
T+e follo8n& e#a'$les +a2e so'e c)ro)s and )n)s)al feat)res. On +i,
KOM- 6ednesda"1 4ebr)ar" .1 *A@=1 /ss %n&)s 8as loo3n& n t+e cr"stal1
to a')se s# or se2en $eo$le 8+ose acE)antance s+e +ad t+at da" 'ade. %
&entle'an1 /r. Bssett1 as3ed +er 6+at letter 8as n +s $oc3etW9 (+e t+en
sa81 )nder a br&+t s3"1 and1 as t 8ere1 a lon& 8a" off1 a lar&e b)ldn&1 n
and o)t of 8+c+ 'an" 'en 8ere co'n& and &on&. -er '$resson 8as
t+at t+e scene ')st be abroad. In t+e lttle co'$an" $resent1 t s+o)ld be
added1 8as a lad"1 /rs. Coc3b)rn1 8+o +ad consderable reason to t+n3 of
+er "o)n& 'arred da)&+ter1 t+en at a $lace abo)t fft" 'les a8a". %fter
/ss %n&)s +ad descrbed t+e lar&e b)ldn& and cro8ds of 'en1 so'e one
as3ed1 Is t an E#c+an&eW9 It '&+t be19 s+e sad. !o8 co'es a 'an n a
&reat +)rr". -e +as a broad bro81 and s+ort1 c)rl" +arG
*
+at $ressed lo8
do8n on +s e"es. T+e face s 2er" sero)s1 b)t +e +as a del&+tf)l s'le.9
/r. and /rs. Bssett no8 bot+ reco&nsed t+er frend and stoc3bro3er1
8+ose letter 8as n /r. Bssett5s $oc3et.
T+e 2son1 8+c+ nterested /ss %n&)s1 $assed a8a"1 and 8as
nterr)$ted b" t+at of a +os$tal n)rse1 and of a lad" n a peignoir1 l"n& on a
sofa1 #ith bare $eet.
.
/ss %n&)s 'entoned t+s 2son as a bore1 s+e ben&
'ore nterested n t+e stoc3bro3er1 8+o see's to +a2e n+erted 8+at 8as
once n t+e $ossesson of anot+er stoc3bro3ert+e s'le of C+arles
La'b.9 /rs. Coc3b)rn1 for 8+o' no $ct)res a$$eared1 8as rat+er 2e#ed1
and $r2atel" e#$ressed 8t+ freedo' a 2er" sce$tcal o$non abo)t t+e
8+ole affar. B)t1 on (at)rda"1 4ebr)ar" ?1 *A@=1 /ss %n&)s 8as a&an
8t+ /r. and /rs. Bssett. 6+en /rs. Bssett anno)nced t+at s+e +ad
t+o)&+t of so'et+n&19 /ss %n&)s sa8 a 8al3 n a 8ood or &arden1
besde a r2er1 )nder a brllant bl)e s3". -ere 8as a lad"1 2er" 8ell dressed1
t8rln& a 8+te $arasol on +er s+o)lder as s+e 8al3ed1 n a c)ro)s
st)'$"9 8a"1 besde a &entle'an n l&+t clot+es1 s)c+ as are 8orn n
Inda. -e 8as broadCs+o)ldered1 +ad a s+ort nec3 and a stra&+t nose1 and
see'ed to lsten1 la)&+n&1 b)t ndfferent1 to +s ob2o)sl" 22aco)s
co'$anon. T+e lad" +ad a dra8n9 face1 ndcat2e of ll +ealt+. T+en
follo8ed a scene n 8+c+ t+e 'an1 8t+o)t t+e lad"1 8as loo3n& on at a
n)'ber of Orentals b)s" n t+e felln& of trees. /rs. Bssett reco&nsed n
t+e lad" +er sster1 /rs. Clfton1 n Indaabo2e all1 8+en /ss %n&)s &a2e
a realstc 'taton of /rs. Clfton5s 8al31 t+e $ec)lart" of 8+c+ 8as
ca)sed b" an llness so'e "ears a&o. /r. and /rs. Bssett also reco&nsed
t+er brot+erCnCla8 n t+e &entle'an seen n bot+ $ct)res. On ben& s+o8n
a $ortrat of /rs. Clfton as a &rl1 /ss %n&)s sad t 8as l3e1 b)t too
$rett".9 % $+oto&ra$+ done recentl"1 +o8e2er1 s+o8ed +er t+e dra8n face9
of t+e cr"stal $ct)re.
;
!e#t da"1 ()nda"1 4ebr)ar" B1 /rs. Bssett rece2ed8+at 8as not
)s)ala letter fro' +er sster n Inda1 /rs. Clfton1 dated 7an)ar" .>. /rs.
Clfton descrbed a $lace n a nat2e (tate1 8+ere s+e +ad been at a &reat
f)ncton9 n certan &ardens besde a r2er. (+e added t+at t+e" 8ere &on&
to anot+er $lace for a certan $)r$ose1 and t+en 8e &o nto ca'$ tll t+e end
of 4ebr)ar".9 One of /r. Clfton5s d)tes s to drect t+e clearn& of 8ood
$re$arator" to t+e for'aton of t+e ca'$1 as n /ss %n&)s5s cr"stal
$ct)re.
<
T+e sce$tcal +i,KON- /rs. Coc3b)rn +eard of t+ese concdences1
and an dea occ)rred to +er. (+e 8rote to +er da)&+ter1 8+o +as been
'entoned1 and as3ed 8+et+er1 on 6ednesda"1 4ebr)ar" .1 s+e +ad been
l"n& on a sofa n +er bedroo' 8t+ bare feet. T+e "o)n& lad" confessed
t+at t 8as ndeed so1
*
and1 8+en s+e +eard +o8 t+e fact ca'e to be 3no8n1
e#$ressed +erself 8t+ so'e 8ar't+ on t+e ab)se of &lass balls1 8+c+ tend
to rob lfe of ts $r2ac".
.
'30 A . Note on !Number,'abits.
(o'e crtcs of t+e e#$er'ental e2dence for t+o)&+tCtransference +a2e
atte'$ted to s+o8 t+at a lar&e $ro$orton of t+e s)ccesses obtaned 'a" be
d)e1 not to tele$at+"1 b)t to t+e 'ental dos"ncrases of t+e e#$er'enters.
T+s s a $ossble so)rce of error 8+c+ s+o)ld al8a"s be 3e$t n 'nd1 b)t
ts act)al bearn& on t+e e2dence +as been 8del" 's)nderstood. % bref
&eneral re2e8 of t+e s)bDect of 'ental +abts9 s t+erefore &2en +ere.
It +as lon& been reco&nsed b" $s"c+olo&sts t+at 'ostf not all
$ersons +a2e )nconsco)s $references for certan obDects or deas o2er
ot+ers of t+e sa'e classG so t+at1 f one s as3ed to &)ess or to t+n3 of1 sa"1
a colo)r1 a $la"n&Ccard1 or a n)'ber1certan colo)rs1 cards1 or n)'bers
occ)r to t+e 'nd 'ore freE)entl" t+an ot+ers1 and are t+erefore &)essed
'ore often. T+ese dos"ncrases are called 'ental +abts19 orf 8e are
referrn& to n)'bers onl" n)'berC+abts19 and t+e" 'a" 2ar" n t+e
sa'e $erson at dfferent t'es. B)t dfferent $ersons 'a" e#+bt t+e sa'e
$references1 and 8+en t+s s so n t+e case of t8o e#$er'enters1 a certan
$ro$orton of t+e da&ra's dra8n b" t+e $erc$ent 'a" rese'ble t+ose
dra8n b" t+e a&ent1 and t+)s s')late t+e $+eno'enon of t+o)&+tC
transference. ('larl"1 f t+e cards or n)'bers to be &)essed are c+osen b"
t+e a&ent1 +s 'ental +abts 'a" lead +' to c+oose a lar&e $ro$orton of
t+ose t+at +a$$en also to be fa2o)rtes 8t+ t+e $erc$ent1 8+o 8ll
t+erefore +a2e a better c+ance of &)essn& r&+t. T+s s1 of co)rse1 one
reason 8+" t s al8a"s best for t+e a&ent n e#$er'ents 8t+ cards or
n)'bers to dra8 t+e' at rando' fro' a batc+ and not to c+oose t+e'.
It s so'et'es fo)nd1 n fact1 t+at n e#$er'ents 8t+ da&ra's of
8+c+ onl" a s'all $ro$orton +a2e s)cceeded1 t+e s)ccesses relate to t+e
'ost fa'lar for's1 s)c+ as crcles and tran&les. To e#$lan1 +o8e2er1 b"
'ental +abts9 t+e lar&e $ro$orton of s)ccess n t+e seres cted belo81 t
8o)ld be necessar" to $ro2e t+at al'ost all t+e da&ra's )sed 8ere &eneral
fa2o)rtes.
;
In order to test e'$rcall" +o8 far 'ental +abts '&+t +a2e s')lated
t+o)&+tCtransference n t+e e#$er'ents 8t+ da&ra's1 Colonel G. L. Le /.
+i,KOO- Ta"lor carred o)t a seres of d)''" e#$er'ents1 'ade n t+e sa'e
'anner as t+e e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference1 b)t 8t+ t+e ele'ent of
t+o)&+tCtransference el'nated (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;@A).
-e &ot e&+t" $ersons to dra8 t8ent"Cf2e da&ra's eac+1 and so obtaned
*>>> $ars of da&ra's1 8+c+ co)ld be co'$ared accordn& to a
$rearran&ed $lan. T+e co'$arson s+o8ed +o8 'an" rese'blances 8ere
act)all" $rod)ced b" c+ance1 co'bned 8t+ s'lart" n t+e 'ental +abts
of t+e $ersons 8+o dre8 t+e da&ra'sG and t+e n)'ber of rese'blances
8ere fo)nd to be $ro$ortonatel" far less t+an t+ose fo)nd n t+e
e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference.
To t+s t '&+t be obDected t+at t+e $ersons 8+o dre8 t+e da&ra's
ben& ta3en at rando'1 t+ere 8as no reason to e#$ect s'lart" n t+er
'ental +abtsG 8+ereassnce so'e e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference
fal1 8+le ot+ers s)cceedt '&+t be ar&)ed t+at onl" t+ose s)cceed
8+ere t+e 'ental +abts of a&ent and $erc$ent +a$$en to be s'lar.
('lart" of 'ental +abts co)ld not1 of co)rse1 n an" case ensure s)ccess1
beca)se t 8o)ld be 2er" )nl3el" t+at t+e $erc$ent 8o)ld t+n3 of +s
fa2o)rte for's in the same order as t+e a&entG b)t t '&+t ncrease t+e
c+ance of s)ccess. In 'an" of t+e e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference1
+o8e2er1 t+e da&ra's 8ere dra8n or selected b" so'e $erson ot+er t+an
t+e a&ent1 and not al8a"s t+e sa'e $erson1 so t+at a genera s'lart" n
'ental +abtsas 8ell as a &eneral tendenc" to t+n3 of t+e fa2o)rtes n t+e
sa'e order8o)ld +a2e to be ass)'ed1 and t+s see's to be ne&at2ed b"
Colonel Ta"lor5s e#$er'ents.
In t+e case of e#$er'ents 8t+ s)c+ obDects as n)'bers1
*
t+e effect of
'ental +abts9 can be 'ore $recsel" tested. ()$$osn& frst t+at t+e sa'e
n)'bers +a$$en to be t+e fa2o)rtes of bot+ a&ent and $erc$ent. If1 t+en1
t+e a&ent seects n)'bers to t+n3 of1 so'e s)ccessf)l &)esses 'a" be 'ade
8+c+ are d)enot to t+o)&+tCtransference1 b)t to s'lart" n t+e n)'berC
+abts of t+e t8o e#$er'enters.
T+s so)rce of error1 +o8e2er1 'a" be absol)tel" e#cl)ded f t+e
n)'bers to be &)essed are not seected vountariy b" t+e a&ent1 b)t dra#n
at random fro' a batc+ of n)'bers. %s earl" as *AAB1 t+erefore (see
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $$. ;*K;?1 and 2ol. . $. B?;)1
e#$er'enters 8+o 8or3ed n connecton 8t+ t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal
Researc+ 8ere acc)sto'ed to )se t+e 'et+od of dra8n& n)'bers at
rando'.
On t+e ot+er +and1 s)$$osn& a&an t+at t+e a&ent seects t+e n)'bers
and t+at +s n)'berC+abts are 'ar3edl" dissimiar fro' t+ose of t+e
$erc$ent1 t+en t+e s)ccesses 8o)ld $robabl" be decdedl" fe8er t+an t+e"
8o)ld be f d)e to c+ance alone.
!o81 confnn& o)rsel2es to cases 8+ere t+e n)'bers to be &)essed are
dra#n at random, t s clear t+at t+e e#stence of an" decded n)'berC+abt
does not affect n an" 8a" t+e $robablt" of &)essn& r&+t b" c+ance1 snce
t+e n)'ber dra8n at an" 'o'ent s net+er 'ore nor less l3el" to be one of
t+e $erc$ent5s fa2o)rtes t+an to be an" ot+er n)'ber. On t+e a2era&e1
t+erefore1 t+e n)'ber of accidenta successes 8o)ld be t+e sa'e1 8+et+er a
n)'berC+abt e#sted or not.
+i,LPP-
% decded n)'berC+abt 'a"1 +o8e2er1 affect $reD)dcall" t+e n)'ber
of successes produced by teepathy (ass)'n&1 for t+e sa3e of t+e ar&)'ent1
t+at s)ccesses 'a" so'et'es be d)e to tele$at+")1 beca)se t+e dea of t+e
fa2o)rte n)'ber1 constantl" obtr)dn& tself nto t+e 'nd1 8o)ld tend to
obsc)re or re$lace t+e '$ressons der2ed tele$at+call"G D)st as1 8+en a
'ateral obDect s $erce2ed n t+e ordnar" 8a" t+ro)&+ t+e senses1 a
$reconce2ed dea as to 8+at t+e obDect s 'a" often 'a3e )s $erce2e t
8ron&l".
T+)s1 n e#$er'ents of t+e 3nd )nder consderaton1 t+ere s onl" one
case n 8+c+ t+e e#stence of n)'berC+abts can ncrease t+e s)ccesses and
so 'a3e t+e e2dence for tele$at+" n t+at case a$$ear stron&er t+an t reall"
sG na'el"1 t+e case n 8+c+ (*) t+e a&ent selects t+e n)'bers to be &)essed
and at t+e sa'e t'e (.) +s n)'berC+abts are s'lar to t+ose of t+e
$erc$ent. In all ot+er cases1 n)'berC+abts 8o)ld decrease t+ose s)ccesses
8+c+ are d)e to an" ot+er a&enc" t+an c+ance.
'30 B . T+e frst e#$er'ental st)d" of t+o)&+tCtransference 8as
connected 8t+ t+e dsco2er" t+at t+e so'na'b)lstc state co)ld be
artfcall" nd)ced1 and t+e &reater n)'ber of obser2atons 'ade d)rn&
t+s earl" sta&e 8ere carred o)t n t+s co)ntr" d)rn& t+e second E)arter of
t+e nneteent+ cent)r". T+o)&+tCtransference n t+ese cases too3 t+e for' of
community o$ sensation bet8een o$erator and s)bDect1 de$endn&1 as 8as
s)$$osed1 on a s$ecfc rapport bet8een t+e' (see ,*1 ). T+e $+eno'enon
8as not st)ded b" tself1 b)t re&arded as belon&n& essentall" to
'es'ers'G conseE)entl" t s+ared n t+e dscredt nto 8+c+ t+e latter fell1
ben& onl" one of t+e n)'ero)s re$orted 'es'erc 'ar2els1 8+c+
s$ea3n& &enerall"8ere reDected 8+olesale and 8t+o)t nE)r".
T+e frst '$et)s to t+e 'ore recent scentfc st)d" of tele$at+" 8as
&2en b" Professor 6. 4. Barrett1 4.R.(.1 8+o bro)&+t for8ard so'e res)lts
of +s o8n 8t+ a +"$notsed &rl1 n a $a$er read before t+e Brts+
%ssocaton n *A=B. In t+e co)rse of t+e corres$ondence arsn& o)t of +s
$a$er1 Professor Barrett learnt of ot+er nstances1 8+c+ +e caref)ll"
n2est&ated1 n 8+c+ tele$at+" +ad been obser2ed n t+e nor'al 8a3n&
state. Later1 n t+e "ears *AA*K.1 a lon& seres of e#$er'ents n 8+c+
Professor (d&8c31 Professor Balfo)r (te8art1 Ed')nd G)rne"1 '"self1
and ot+ers Doned 8t+ Professor Barrett1 see'ed to establs+ t+e $ossblt"
of a ne8 'ode of co'')ncaton fro' 'nd to 'nd. %nd t+ese earl"
res)lts +a2e been confr'ed b" f)rt+er e#$er'ents contn)ed do8n to t+e
$resent t'e b" obser2ers bot+ n t+s co)ntr" and abroad.
%t abo)t t+e t'e of t+e earl" (.P.R. e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tC
transference1 $o$)lar nterest +ad been ro)sed n t+e s)bDect b" t+e
n2enton of t+e 8lln& &a'e19 and t+e dsc)ssons and e#$er'ents
es$ecall" of Professor Barrett and ot+er 'e'bers of t+e (.P.R.8+c+
s+o8ed t+at s)ccess n t+e &a'e de$ended on ')scleCreadn&19t+at t+e
s)bDect 8as led to $erfor' actons b" )nconsco)s &)dance fro' t+e $erson
to)c+n& +'1 n t+e sa'e 8a" t+at tableCtltn&1 or e2en s)c+ co'$lcated
+i,LPG- $rocesses as 8rtn&1 'a" be carred o)t b" 'an" $ersons n
co'$lete &norance t+at t+er 8lls1 or e2en t+er ')scles1 are concerned.
E2en f t+e s)bDect s not n contact 8t+ an" one1 +e 'a" be &)ded t+ro)&+
)nconsco)s 2aratons n tone of 2oce1 &est)re1 or e#$resson1 b" t+e
$ersons 8atc+n& +s $ro&ress. On t+e ot+er +and1 f contact ceases before
+e be&ns to $erfor' t+e reE)red 'o2e'entG or f1 8+le n contact1 +e +as
onl" to sa" 8+at 'ental '$resson +e +as rece2edas n e#$er'ents n
&)essn& $la"n&Ccards1 n)'bers1 and t+e l3et+e $ossblt" of
)nconsco)s &)dance b" contact s ')c+ red)ced. (nce1 +o8e2er1 t s
'$ossble to 'a3e s)re t+at &)dance +as not been o$erat2e )nder s)c+
crc)'stances1 8e cannot cla' as e2dence of t+o)&+tCtransference
e#$er'ents n 8+c+ contact +as been allo8ed at an" sta&e. T+e
e#$er'ents cted +ere +a2e been selected 8t+ a s$ecal 2e8 to t+e
e#cl)son of t+ese $ossble so)rces of error1 and t+erefore no cases n 8+c+
an" contact +ad been allo8ed are &2en.
6t+ re&ard to t+e $ossblt" of delberate coll)son or fra)d1 no &eneral
state'ent can be 'ade as to condtons t+at 8o)ld absol)tel" e#cl)de t+s.
In t+e last resort1 all scentfc e#$er'ents rest on t+e bona $ides of t+e
e#$er'enter. T+ere are 'an" $s"c+olo&cal obser2atons 8+c+ cannot be
controlled b" ot+ers1 or re$eated at 8ll1 snce t+e" relate to s)bDect2e
sensatons1 or de$end on )n3no8n condtonsG b)t t+e" are &enerall"
acce$ted as correct1 beca)se t s bele2ed t+at t+e obser2ers are &en)nel"
nterested n t+e tr)t+ of t+e facts. ('lar $res)'$ton of t+e &en)neness
of e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference s afforded b" t+e ntell&ence of t+e
e#$er'enters1 t+e scentfc standn& of so'e of t+e'1 and t+e &eneral s$rt
n 8+c+ t+er 8or3 +as been done1 as 'a" be seen fro' t+e detaled
acco)nts1 a fe8 of 8+c+ I no8 $roceed to &2e.
*
2r. :uthrieQs 80periments.4)ll records of t+ese e#$er'ents 8ere
$)bls+ed n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. .B;K.A;G 2ol. . $$. *K?1
.<K<.1 *A@K.>>G 2ol. . $$. <.<K<?.1 T+e acco)nt +ere E)oted s a brefer
one1 8+c+ 8as &2en b" G)rne" n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $$. ;BK
?A.
In Lt+sM seres of e#$er'entsYt+ere 8ere t8o $erc$ents1 and a
consderable &ro)$ of a&ents1 eac+ of 8+o'1 8+en alone 8t+ one or ot+er
of t+e $erc$ents1 8as s)ccessf)l n transferrn& +s '$resson.Y
6e o8e t+ese re'ar3able e#$er'ents to t+e sa&act" and ener&" of /r.
/alcol' G)t+re1 7.P.1 of L2er$ool. %t t+e be&nnn& of *AA;1 /r. G)t+re
+i,LPH- +a$$ened to read an artcle on t+o)&+tCtransference n a 'a&aNne1
and t+o)&+ co'$letel" sce$tcal1 +e deter'ned to 'a3e so'e trals on +s
o8n acco)nt. -e 8as t+en at t+e +ead of an establs+'ent 8+c+ &2es
e'$lo"'ent to 'an" +)ndreds of $ersonsG and +e 8as nfor'ed b" a
relat2e 8+o occ)$ed a $oston of res$onsblt" n t+s establs+'ent t+at
s+e +ad 8tnessed re'ar3able res)lts n so'e cas)al trals 'ade b" a &ro)$
of +s e'$lo"Ues after b)sness +o)rs. -e at once too3 t+e 'atter nto +s
o8n +ands1 and 8ent steadl"1 b)t ca)to)sl"1 to 8or3. -e restrcted t+e
$ractce of t+e no2el acco'$ls+'ent to 8ee3l" 'eetn&sG and +e arran&ed
8t+ +s frend1 /r. 7a'es Brc+all1 t+e +on. secretar" of t+e L2er$ool
Lterar" and P+loso$+cal (ocet"1 t+at t+e latter s+o)ld 'a3e a f)ll and
co'$lete record of e2er" e#$er'ent 'ade. /r. G)t+re t+)s descrbes t+e
$roceedn&sJ
I +a2e +ad t+e ad2anta&e of st)d"n& a seres of e#$er'ents ab ovo. I
+a2e 8tnessed t+e &en)ne s)r$rse 8+c+ t+e o$erators and t+e Hs)bDects5
+a2e al3e e#+bted at t+er ncreasn& s)ccesses1 and at t+e res)lts of o)r
e#c)rsons nto no2el lnes of e#$er'ent. T+e affar +as not been t+e
dsco2er" of t+e $ossesson of s$ecal $o8ers1 frst 'ade and t+en 8or3ed
)$ b" t+e $artes t+e'sel2es for &an or &lor". T+e e#$er'enters n t+s
case 8ere ds$osed to $ass t+e 'atter o2er alto&et+er as one of no 'o'ent1
and onl" $)t t+e'sel2es at '" ds$osal n re&ard to e#$er'ents n order to
obl&e 'e. T+e e#$er'ents +a2e all been de2sed and cond)cted b" '"self
and /r. Brc+all1 8t+o)t an" $re2o)s nt'aton of t+er nat)re1 and co)ld
not $ossbl" +a2e been foreseen. In fact t+e" +a2e been to t+e "o)n& lades a
s)ccesson of s)r$rses. !o set of e#$er'ents of a s'lar nat)re +as e2er
been 'ore co'$letel" 3no8n fro' ts or&n1 or 'ore co'$letel" )nder t+e
control of t+e scentfc obser2er.9
LInM t+e earler e#$er'ents1 t+e deas transferred 8ere of colo)rs1
&eo'etrcal f&)res1 cards1 and 2sble obDects of all sorts1 8+c+ t+e
$erc$ent 8as to na'eY
*
T+e re$rod)cton of da&ra's 8as ntrod)ced n
October *AA;1 and n t+at and t+e follo8n& 'ont+ abo)t *?> trals 8ere
'ade. T+e 8+ole seres +as been caref)ll" 'o)nted and $reser2ed b" /r.
G)t+re. !o one co)ld loo3 t+ro)&+ t+e' 8t+o)t $erce2n& t+at t+e
+"$ot+ess of c+ance or &)ess8or3 s o)t of t+e E)estonG t+at n 'ost
nstances so'e dea1 and n 'an" a co'$lete dea1 of t+e or&nal ')st1 b"
8+ate2er 'eans1 +a2e been $resent n t+e 'nd of t+e $erson 8+o 'ade t+e
re$rod)cton. In /r. G)t+re5s 8ordsJ
It s dffc)lt to classf" t+e'. % &reat n)'ber of t+e' are decded
s)ccessesG anot+er lar&e n)'ber &2e $art of t+e dra8n&G ot+ers e#+bt t+e
&eneral dea1 and ot+ers a&an 'anfest a 3nd of co'$oston of for'.
Ot+ers1 s)c+ as t+e dra8n&s of flo8ers1 +a2e been descrbed and na'ed1
b)t +a2e been too dffc)lt to dra8. % &ood 'an" are $erfect fal)res. T+e
dra8n&s &enerall" r)n n lots. % n)'ber of s)ccessf)l co$es 8ll be
$rod)ced 2er" +i,LPI- E)c3l"1 and a&an a n)'ber of fal)resndcatn&1
I t+n31 fa)ltness on t+e $art of t+e a&ent1 or &ro8n& fat&)e on t+e $art of
t+e Hs)bDect.I E2er" e#$er'ent1 8+et+er s)ccessf)l or a fal)re1 s &2en n
t+e order of tral1 8t+ t+e condtons1 na'e of Hs)bDectI and a&ent1 and an"
re'ar3s 'ade b" t+e Hs)bDectI s$ecfed at t+e botto'. (o'e of t+e
re$rod)ctons e#+bt t+e c)ro)s $+eno'enon of n2erson. T+ese dra8n&s
')st s$ea3 for t+e'sel2es. T+e $rnc$al facts to be borne n 'nd
re&ardn& t+e' are t+at t+e" +a2e been e#ec)ted t+ro)&+ t+e
nstr)'entalt"1 as a&ents1 of $ersons of )nE)estoned $robt"1 and t+at t+e
res$onsblt" for t+e' s s$read o2er a consderable &ro)$ of s)c+ $ersonsG
8+le t+e condtons to be obser2ed 8ere so s'$lefor t+e" a'o)nted
reall" to not+n& 'ore t+an ta3n& care t+at t+e or&nal s+o)ld not be seen
b" t+e Hs)bDectIt+at t s e#tre'el" dffc)lt to s)$$ose t+e' to +a2e been
el)ded.9
I &2e a fe8 s$ec'ensnot )nd)l" fa2o)rable ones1 b)t ll)stratn& t+e
s$readn& of res$onsblt"9 to 8+c+ /r. G)t+re refers. T+e a&ents
concerned 8ere /r. G)t+reG /r. (teel1 t+e Presdent of t+e L2er$ool
Lterar" and P+loso$+cal (ocet"G /r. Brc+all1 'entoned abo2eG /r.
-)&+es1 B.%.1 of (t. 7o+n5s Colle&e1 Ca'brd&eG and '"self. T+e na'es of
t+e $erc$ents 8ere /ss Rel$+ and /ss Ed8ards. T+e condtons 8+c+ I
s+all descrbe 8ere t+ose of t+e e#$er'ents n 8+c+ I '"self too3 $artG
and I +a2e /r. G)t+re5s a)t+ort" for statn& t+at t+e" 8ere )nfor'l"
obser2ed n t+e ot+er cases. T+e or&nals 8ere for t+e 'ost $art dra8n n
anot+er roo' fro' t+at n 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent 8as $laced. T+e fe8
e#ec)ted n t+e sa'e roo' 8ere dra8n 8+le t+e $erc$ent 8as
blndfolded1 at a dstance fro' +er1 and n s)c+ a 8a" t+at t+e $rocess 8o)ld
+a2e been 8+oll" n2sble to +er or an" one else1 e2en +ad an atte'$t been
'ade to obser2e t. ,)rn& t+e $rocess of transference1 t+e a&ent loo3ed
steadl" and n $erfect slence at t+e or&nal dra8n&1 8+c+ 8as $laced
)$on an nter2enn& 8ooden standG t+e $erc$ent sttn& o$$oste to +'1
and be+nd t+e stand1 blndfolded and E)te stll. T+e a&ent ceased loo3n&
at t+e dra8n&1 and t+e blndfoldn& 8as re'o2ed1 onl" 8+en t+e $erc$ent
$rofessed +erself read" to 'a3e t+e re$rod)cton1 8+c+ +a$$ened )s)all"
n t'es 2ar"n& fro' +alf a 'n)te to t8o or t+ree 'n)tes. -er $oston
rendered t absol)tel" '$ossble t+at s+e s+o)ld obtan a &l'$se of t+e
or&nal. %$art fro' t+e blndfoldn&1 s+e co)ld not +a2e done so 8t+o)t
rsn& fro' +er seat and ad2ancn& +er +ead se2eral feetG and as s+e 8as
2er" nearl" n t+e sa'e lne of s&+t as t+e dra8n&1 and so 2er" nearl" n
t+e centre of t+e a&ent5s feld of 2son1 t+e sl&+test a$$roac+ to s)c+ a
'o2e'ent ')st +a2e been nstantl" detected. T+e re$rod)ctons 8ere 'ade
n $erfect slence1 t+e a&ent forbearn& to follo8 t+e act)al $rocess of t+e
dra8n& 8t+ +s e"es1 t+o)&+ +e 8as1 of co)rse1 able to 3ee$ t+e $erc$ent
)nder t+e closest obser2aton.
In t+e case of all t+e da&ra's1 e#ce$t t+ose n)'bered = and A1 t+e a&ent
and t+e $erc$ent 8ere t+e onl" t8o $ersons n t+e roo' d)rn& t+e
e#$er'ent. In t+e case of n)'bers = and A1 t+e a&ent and /ss Rel$+ 8ere
sttn& E)te a$art n a corner of t+e roo'1 8+le /r. G)t+re and /ss
Ed8ards 8ere tal3n& n anot+er $art of t. !)'bers *KB are s$ecall"
nterestn& as ben& t+e co'$lete and consec)t2e seres of a sn&le sttn&.
LT+ere 8as no contact bet8een t+e a&ent and $erc$ent n t+e case of
an" of t+e da&ra's +ere re$rod)ced.M
+i,LPJ-
!O. *. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G. !O. *.
REPRO,:CTIO!.

/r. G)t+re and /ss Ed8ards. !o contact.
!O. .. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G. !O. ..
REPRO,:CTIO!.

/r. G)t+re and /ss Ed8ards. !o contact.
+i,LPK-
!O. ;. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G. !O. ;.
REPRO,:CTIO!.

/r. G)t+re and /ss Ed8ards.
!o contact.
!O. <. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G. !O. <. ORIGI!%L
,R%6I!G.

/r. G)t+re and /ss Ed8ards.
!o contact.
+i,LPL-
!O. ?. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G. !O. ?.
REPRO,:CTIO!.

/r. G)t+re and /ss Ed8ards.
!o contact.
!O. B. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G.

/r. G)t+re and /ss Ed8ards. !o contact.
!O. B. REPRO,:CTIO!.

/ss Ed8ards al'ost drectl" sad1 %re "o) t+n3n& of t+e botto' of t+e sea1 8t+
s+ells and fs+esW9 and t+en1 Is t a snal or a fs+W9t+en dre8 as abo2e.
+i,LPM-
!O. A. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G. !O. A.
REPRO,:CTIO!.

/r. G)rne" and /ss Rel$+. !o contact.
!O. @. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G.

/r. Brc+all and /ss Rel$+. !o contact.
!O. @. REPRO,:CTIO!.

/ss Rel$+ sad s+e see'ed to see a lot of rn&s1 as f t+e" 8ere 'o2n&1 and s+e co)ld
not &et t+e' steadl" before +er e"es.
+i,LPN-
!O. *>. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G. !O. *>.
REPRO,:CTIO!.

/r. Brc+all and /ss Rel$+. !o contact.
!O. **. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G.

!O. **. REPRO,:CTIO!.
/r. Brc+all and /ss Ed8ards. !o contact.
+i,LPO-
!O. *.. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G.

/r. (teel and /ss Rel$+. !o
contact.
!O. *.. REPRO,:CTIO!.

+i,LGP-
!O. *?. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G.

/r. -)&+es and /ss Ed8ards. !o contact.
!O. *?. REPRO,:CTIO!.

/ss Ed8ards sad1 It s l3e a 'as3 at a $anto''e19 and ''edatel" dre8 as
abo2e.
+i,LGG-
!O. *B. ORIGI!%L ,R%6I!G.

/r. -)&+es and /ss Ed8ards. !o. contact.
!O. *B. REPRO,:CTIO!.

+i,LGH-
(oon after t+e $)blcaton of t+ese res)lts1 /r. G)t+re 8as fort)nate
eno)&+ to obtan t+e act2e coo$eraton of ,r. Ol2er 7. Lod&e1 Professor of
P+"scs n :n2erst" Colle&e1 L2er$ool1 8+o carred o)t a lon& and
nde$endent seres of e#$er'ents 8t+ t+e sa'e t8o $erc$ents1 and
co'$letel" con2nced +'self of t+e &en)neness of t+e $+eno'ena. In +s
re$ort1
*
+e sa"sJ Y6e +a2e 'an" t'es s)cceeded 8t+ a&ents E)te
dsconnected fro' t+e $erc$ent n ordnar" lfe1 and so'et'es co'$lete
stran&ers to t+e'. /r. Brc+all1 t+e +ead'aster of t+e Br3dale Ind)stral
(c+ool1 freE)entl" actedG and t+e +o)se $+"scan at t+e E"e and Ear
-os$tal1 ,r. (+ears1 +ad a s)ccessf)l e#$er'ent1 actn& alone1 on +s frst
and onl" 2st. %ll s)s$con of a $rearran&ed code s t+)s rendered
'$ossble e2en to o)tsders 8+o are )nable to 8tness t+e ob2o)s farness
of all t+e e#$er'ents.9
T+e obDects of 8+c+ t+e dea 8as transferred 8ere so'et'es t+n&s
8t+ na'es (cards1 3e"1 tea$ot1 fla&1 loc3et1 $ct)re of don3e"1 and so on)1
so'et'es rre&)lar dra8n&s 8t+ no na'e. Professor Lod&e satsfed
+'self t+at a)dtor" as 8ell as 2s)al '$ressons $la"ed a $artt+at n
so'e cases t+e dea transferred 8as t+at of t+e obDect tself1 and1 n ot+ers1
t+at of ts na'e.Y Of t+e t8o $erc$ents one see'ed 'ore s)sce$tble to
t+e 2s)al1 and t+e ot+er to t+e a)dtor" '$ressons. % case 8+ere t+e
a)dtor" ele'ent see's clearl" to +a2e co'e n s t+e follo8n&. T+e obDect
8as a tetra+edron r)del" dra8n n $roDecton1 t+)s

T+e $erc$ent sadJ Is t anot+er tran&leW9 !o ans8er 8as &2en1 b)t
Professor Lod&e slentl" $assed ro)nd to t+e a&ents a scrbbled 'essa&e1
T+n3 of a $"ra'd.9 T+e $erc$ent t+en sad1 I onl" see a tran&le9
t+en +astl"1 P"ra'ds of E&"$t. !o1 I s+an5t do t+s.9 %s3ed to dra81 s+e
onl" dre8 a tran&le.
I 8ll &2e onl" one ot+er case fro' t+s seres1 8+c+ s '$ortant as
s+o8n& t+at t+e $erc$ent 'a" be s')ltaneo)sl" nfl)enced b" t8o
'nds1 8+c+ are concentrated on t8o dfferent t+n&s. T+e t8o a&ents
ben& seated o$$oste to one anot+er1 Professor Lod&e $laced bet8een t+e'
a $ece of $a$er1 on one sde of 8+c+ 8as dra8n a sE)are1 and on t+e ot+er
a cross. T+e" t+)s +ad

dfferent obDects to conte'$late1 and net+er 3ne8 8+at t+e
ot+er 8as loo3n& atG nor dd t+e $erc$ent 3no8 t+at an"t+n&
)n)s)al 8as ben& tred. T+ere 8as no contact. Ver" soon t+e
$erc$ent sad1 I see t+n&s 'o2n& abo)t YI see' to see t8o
t+n&sYI see frst one )$ t+ere1 and t+en one do8n t+ereYI
don5t 3no8 8+c+ to dra8YI can5t see et+er dstnctl".9
Professor Lod&e sadJ 6ell1 an"+o81 dra8 8+at "o) +a2e
seen.9 (+e too3 off t+e banda&e and dre8 frst a sE)are1 and
t+en sad1 T+en t+ere 8as t+e ot+er t+n& as 8ellYafter8ards
t+e" see'ed to &o nto one19and s+e dre8 a cross nsde t+e
sE)are fro' corner to corner1 addn& after8ards1 I don5t 3no8
+i,LGI- 8+at 'ade 'e $)t t nsde.9 T+e s&nfcance of t+s
e#$er'ental $roof of "oint agency 8ll be 'ore f)ll" realsed n
connecton 8t+ so'e of t+e s$ontaneo)s cases.
4)rt+er e#$er'ents of /r. G)t+re5s related to t+e transference of
tastes, 8+c+ +e 8as t+e frst to obser2e n t+e case of nonC+"$notsed
$ersons (and of 8+c+ so'e acco)nt +as been &2en n ,*1 C)1 and of
smes. In t+ese1 t s dffc)lt to 'a3e t+e condtons s)c+ as to ens)re t+at
no ndcatons reac+ t+e $erc$ent t+ro)&+ an" of t+e ordnar" c+annels of
sense. 6t+ re&ard to t+e transference of pains n t+e nor'al state (a3n to
t+e co'')nt" of sensaton occasonall" obser2ed bet8een +"$notsts and
t+er s)bDects1 see ,*1) t+ere s not t+e sa'e dffc)lt" of e#$er'entn&
)nder satsfactor" condtons1 snce a $an cannot tra2el l3e a s'ell. T+e
follo8n& are so'e of /r. G)t+re5s e#$er'ents carred o)t 8t+o)t contact
bet8een a&ent and $erc$ent. I E)ote t+e' fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving,
2ol. . $. ?=J
%t se2en of t+e L2er$ool 'eetn&s1 8+c+ too3 $lace at nter2als fro'
!o2e'ber *AA< to 7)l" *AA?1 t+e e#$er'ent 8as arran&ed n t+e follo8n&
8a". T+e $erc$ent ben& seated blndfolded1 and 8t+ +er bac3 to t+e rest
of t+e $art"1 all t+e ot+er $ersons $resent nflcted on t+e'sel2es t+e sa'e
$an on t+e sa'e $art of t+e bod". T+ose 8+o too3 $art n t+s collect2e
a&enc" 8ere t+ree or 'ore of t+e follo8n&J /r. G)t+re1 Professor
-erd'an1 ,r. -c3s1 ,r. -"la Gre2es1 /r. R. C. 7o+nson1 4.R.%.(.1 /r.
Brc+all1 /ss Red'ond1 and on one occason anot+er lad". T+e $erc$ent
t+ro)&+o)t 8as /ss Rel$+.
In all1 .> trals 8ere 'ade. T+e $arts $aned 8ere
*. Bac3 of left +and $rc3ed. R&+tl" localsed.
.. Lobe of left ear $rc3ed. R&+tl" localsed.
;. Left 8rst $rc3ed. Is t n t+e left +andW9$ontn&
to t+e bac3 near t+e lttle fn&er.
<. T+rd fn&er of left +and t&+tl" bo)nd ro)nd 8t+
8re. % lo8er Dont of t+at fn&er 8as &)essed.
?. Left 8rst scratc+ed 8t+ $ns. It s n t+e left 8rst1
l3e ben& scratc+ed.9
B. Left an3le $rc3ed. R&+tl" localsed.
=. ($ot be+nd left ear $rc3ed. !o res)lt.
A. R&+t 3nee $rc3ed. R&+tl" localsed.
@. R&+t s+o)lder $rc3ed. R&+tl" localsed.
*>.-ands b)rned o2er &as. L3e a $)lln& $anYt+en
tn&ln&1 l3e cold and +ot alternatel"9localsed b"
&est)re onl".
**.End of ton&)e btten. It s n t+e l$ or t+e ton&)e.9
*..Pal' of left +and $rc3ed. Is t a tn&ln& $an n t+e
+and1 +ereW9$lacn& +er fn&er on t+e $al' of t+e left
+and.
*;.Bac3 of nec3 $rc3ed. Is t a $rc3n& of t+e nec3W9
*<.4ront of left ar' abo2e elbo8 $rc3ed. R&+tl"
localsed.
*?.($ot D)st abo2e left an3le $rc3ed. R&+tl" localsed.
*B.($ot D)st abo2e r&+t 8rst $rc3ed. I a' not E)te
s)re1 b)t I feel a $an n t+e r&+t ar'1 fro' t+e t+)'b
)$8ards1 to abo2e t+e 8rst.9
*=.Insde of left an3le $rc3ed. O)tsde of left an3le
&)essed. +i,LGJ-
*A.($ot beneat+ r&+t collarCbone $rc3ed. T+e e#actl"
corres$ondn& s$ot on t+e left sde 8as &)essed.
*@.Bac3 +ar $)lled. !o res)lt.
.>.Insde of r&+t 8rst $rc3ed. R&+t foot &)essed.
T+)s n *> o)t of t+e .> cases1 t+e $erc$ent localsed t+e $an 8t+
&reat $recsonG n B t+e localsatsn LsicM 8as nearl" e#act1 and 8t+ t+ese
8e 'a" ncl)de !o. *>1 8+ere t+e $an 8as $robabl" not confned to a
sn&le 8ellCdefned area n t+e +ands of all t+e a&entsG n . no local
'$resson 8as $rod)cedG and n *1 t+e last1 t+e ans8er 8as 8+oll" 8ron&.
(o'e ot+er e#$er'ents 8t+ da&ra's n 8+c+ t+e a'o)nt of s)ccess
obtaned 8as 2er" str3n& (and 8+c+ I o't +ere for 8ant of s$ace) 8ere
carred o)t b" t+e Co''ttee on T+o)&+tCtransference9 of t+e (.P.R. n
*AA;1 and are recorded n t+e &roceedings, 2ol. . $$. *B*K*B= and *=<K.*?.
'30 C . 2r. 'enry :. 7a#sonQs 80periments.
*
/r. Ra8son +ad
$re2o)sl" been s)ccessf)l as $erc$ent n se2eral s+ort sets of e#$er'ents
n cardC&)essn& 8t+ dfferent a&ents. In t+e $a$er referred to +ere1 +e
descrbes e#$er'ents of 2aro)s 3nds carred o)t 8t+ a $art" of +s
frendsJ t+ree ssters1 /rs. L.1 /rs. B. and /ss B.1 and /r. L.1 t+e +)sband
of /rs. L. /r. V.1 an )ncle of /r. Ra8son1 8as also $resent on one
occason1 and confr's 8+at 8as re$orted t+en. T+e f)ll na'es of all t+ese
$ersons 8ere &2en )s n confdence1 and t+e or&nals of 'ost of t+e notes
of t+e e#$er'ents and of all t+e da&ra's 8ere sent to )s. T+e follo8n& s
/r. Ra8son5s acco)nt of e#$er'ents on t8o e2enn&s n t+e transference of
da&ra'sJ
November .<th, *A@<.T+e frst e2enn& 8as occ)$ed 8t+
e#$er'ents n t+e transference of da&ra's1 /rs. L. and /rs. B. (8+o are
ssters)1 ben& t+e o$erators1 and '"self t+e onl" ot+er $erson $resent.
T+e $ostons on t+at occason 8ere t+ro)&+o)t as follo8sJ /rs. L. sat
on a lo8 c+ar b" t+e fre1 dra8n& n +er la$G /rs. B. sat so'e dstance off
at a table n t+e 'ddle of t+e roo'1 8t+ +er bac3 to /rs. L.G and I stood
al'ost bet8een t+e' 8t+ '" bac3 to t+e fre1 loo3n& occasonall" o2er
/rs. B.5s s+o)lder. To t+e best of '" recollecton1 I ne2er sa8 /rs. L.5s
dra8n&s )ntl t+e" 8ere co'$lete and +anded )$ for co'$arson.

4ro' t+e stters5 $ostons1 t 8as '$ossble t+at t+e" co)ld loo3 o2er
one anot+er1 and as one 8as sttn& t+ro)&+o)t 8t+ +er bac3 to t+e ot+er1
so'e e&+t feet dstant1 no coll)son 8as $ossble. In one case onl"1 t+at of
t+e fernC$al's (!o. B1 see belo8)1 8as an"t+n& sad e#ce$t1 O+Z I 3no8
8+at s+e s t+n3n& of19 or 8ords to t+at effect1 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent
e#cla'ed on t8o or t+ree occasons al'ost ''edatel" t+e a&ent be&an
dra8n&1 and at once co''enced +er o8n s3etc+. %ll t+e da&ra's dra8n
b" bot+ a&ent and $erc$ent are re$rod)ced belo81 t+ose of t+e a&ent ben&
'ar3ed O.1 and t+ose of t+e $erc$ent R. In t+e frst t+ree1 /rs. B. 8as
a&ent1 and n t+e last t+ree /rs. L. !o. . (t+e tran&le) 8as t+e onl" one
s)&&ested b" 'e1 and also t+e onl" nstance n 8+c+ t+ere 8as a fal)re. In
t+s case alone so'e addtons 8ere 'ade s)bseE)entl" to t+e $erc$ent5s
dra8n& b" '"self1 s+o8n& +o8 a +i,LGK- 3nd of tran&le 8as to be seen
n t+e f&)re of t+e cat. %t t+at t'e I +ad not t+o)&+t of re$rod)cn& t+e
record. T+e a&ent t+en 'ade so'e addtons to +er s3etc+1 b)t n t+e
re$rod)ctons 8+c+ acco'$an" t+s $a$er1 bot+ da&ra's are &2en as
or&nall" dra8n. T+e ot+er da&ra's 8ere c+osen b" t+e a&ent n e2er"
case 8t+o)t co'')ncaton 8t+ an" one1 and 8ere dra8n n t+e $ostons
I +a2e ndcated.
+i,LGL-
*ecember *.th, *A@<.PresentJ /rs. L.1 /rs. B.1 and '"self.
6e tred frst e#$er'ents 8t+ dra8n&s1 all of 8+c+ are re$rod)ced
belo8. T+e anne#ed $lan Lo'tted +ereM s+o8s t+e relat2e $ostons of t+e
stters. /rs. L. on c+ar facn& L/rs. B.M1 8rtn& on la$. /rs. B. sttn& at
table1 bac3 to /rs. L.1 ** feet dstant. -. G. R. facn& /rs. L.

+i,LGM-


+i,LGN-
T+e or&nals of !os. *1 .1 and ;1 8ere dra8n b" /rs. L.G n so'e cases
/rs. B. +ad fns+ed +er t+o)&+t co$" al'ost as soon as /rs. L.
T+e or&nals of !os. <1 ?1 and B 8ere dra8n b" /rs. B.1 n eac+ case at
'" s)&&eston.
I +a2e recorded all t+at 8as sad.
(!o. *) (+ortl" after /rs. L. be&an dra8n& t+s (a nose) /rs. B. sad1 I
can t+n3 of not+n&G I can onl" +old '" nose.9 %t t+at t'e I dd not 3no8
8+at /rs. L. 8as dra8n&. In so'e *> seconds /rs. B. be&an dra8n&1 and
8as fns+ed 8t+n *? seconds of /rs. L.
(!o. .) T+s 8as 'ore l3e a foot at frst1 b)t 8+le 8atn& for /rs. L.
to be&n a fres+ s)bDect /rs. B. be&an s+adn& t+e boot8t+o)t t+n3n&
and t+s accent)ates t+e dss'lart". T+s and t+e case 'entoned on
!o2e'ber .<t+1 are t+e onl" nstances n 8+c+ t+e dra8n& 8as to)c+ed
after t+e or&nal +ad been seen.
(!o. <) /rs. L. sad al'ost at onceafter1 sa"1 *> secondsJ !o8 I
3no8 8+at t sG I a' s)reG I can see t.9
(!o. ?) /rs. L. be&an dra8n& 8t+n *> to *? seconds1 and $resentl"
sad1 I a' dra8n& so'et+n& I can see.9 T+e cloc3 8as n front of +er on
t+e 'antel$ece.
(!o. B) /rs. L. sad1 I 3no8 8+at t s.9
%fter8ards /rs. B. told 'e t+at s+e t+o)&+t of $)ttn& a label on t+e
c+a'$a&ne bottle s+e dre8 (!o. <).
% fe8 e#$er'ents n 8lln&9 t+e s)bDect to $erfor' 2aro)s actons
8ere tred at dfferent t'es. !o contact 8as )sed1 b)t t+e s)bDect 8as
&enerall" n s&+t of t+e a&ents1 so t+at t+ere '&+t +a2e been )nconsco)s
&)dance t+ro)&+ loo3s1 &c.
(o'e s+ort seres of cardC&)esses 8ere also carred o)t1 t+e $erc$ents
on dfferent occasons ben& /r. Ra8son1 /r. and /rs. L. and /rs. B.1 and
t+e a&ents1 /rs. L.1 /rs. B.1 and /ss B. T+e follo8n& s a s)''ar" of t+e
res)lts obtanedJ
Total n)'ber of trals . . . . . . ?@
Co'$lete
s)ccesses . . . . . . .
..
!)'ber of $$s onl" r&+t . . . ?
()t onl" r&+t . . . . . . . . . . .=
+i,LGO-
(o'et'es second &)esses 8ere allo8ed1 b)t frst &)esses onl" are
ncl)ded n t+e abo2e s)''ar". In fo)rteen cases t+e card to be &)essed
8as selected b" t+e a&entG n t+e ot+er cases t 8as dra8n fro' t+e $ac3 at
rando'.
'30 D . Co'$arat2el" fe8 cases +a2e been recorded on &ood e2dence
of t+e e#$er'ental transference of '$ressons 8+en t+e a&ent and
$erc$ent 8ere n dfferent $laces1 and t+er 2al)e1 of co)rse1 de$ends
$r'arl" on t+e total n)'ber of e#$er'ents tred n an" one case1 and t+e
$ro$orton of s)ccess obtaned. Consdern& +o8 seldo' e#$er'ents see'
to +a2e been 'ade )nder t+s condton1 t+e a'o)nt of s)ccess s $er+a$s
&reater t+an '&+t +a2e been e#$ected.
*
2r. 1oseph UirBQs 80periments.T+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' /r. 4.
Pod'ore5s Apparitions and Thought,trans$erence, $$. *;*K*;B. ((ee also
e#$er'ent b" /r. Rr31 n '') B ).
,)rn& t+e "ear *A@> and on8ards1 /r. 7ose$+ Rr31 of . R$on Vllas1
Pl)'stead1 +as carred on 8t+ a frend1 /ss G.1 a seres of e#$er'ents n
t+o)&+tCtransference at a dstance 2ar"n& fro' <>> "ards to abo)t .>>
'les. (o'e acco)nt of t+ese e#$er'ents 8ll be fo)nd n t+e 1ourna o$
the S.&.7. for 4ebr)ar" and 7)l" *A@* and 7an)ar" *A@.. T+ere are ..
(e#cl)dn& t8o n 8+c+ t+e dstance 8as onl" a fe8 "ards) trals n t+e
transference of da&ra's1 &c.1 t+ere recorded. T+e obDect loo3ed at b" /r.
Rr3 8as &enerall" a sE)are or oblon& card1 or a 8+te dsc 8t+ or 8t+o)t
a $ct)re1 da&ra'1 or letter on t. T+e obDect 8as al8a"s ll)'nated b" a
stron& l&+t. !otes of t+e e#$er'ents 8ere n e2er" case 'ade
nde$endentl" n 8rtn& b" a&ent and $erc$ent. In eac+ case1 8t+ t+e
e#ce$ton of t8o occasons (on 8+c+ /r. Rr35s notes record +s
antc$aton of fal)re)1 t+e $erc$ent sa8 l)'no)s a$$earances1 often
ta3n& t+e for' of ro)nd or sE)are $atc+es of l&+t1 n corres$ondence 8t+
t+e s+a$e of t+e s)rface loo3ed at b" t+e a&ent. 6+en /ss G. 8as at
Pe'bro3e or Ilfraco'be (/r. Rr3 re'ann& at Pl)'stead) t+e
corres$ondence dd not &o be"ond t+sG b)t n t8o or t+ree cases1 8+en /ss
G. 8as also at Pl)'stead1 at a dstance of onl" <>> "ards1 t+e $erc$ent
a$$ears to +a2e seen so'e detals of t+e da&ra' on t+e card1 and n one
nstance a farl" acc)rate re$rod)cton of t+e da&ra' 8as &2en. /r. Rr31
on t+s occason1 <t+ 7)ne *A@*1 8as tr"n& to '$ress t+ree $erc$entsof
8+o' /ss G. 8as oneand )sed t+ree da&ra's1 2N.1 a /altese cross1 a
8+te o2al $late 8t+ t+e f&)re ; on t1 and a f)llCsNed dra8n& of a 'an5s
+and n blac3 on 8+te. /ss G.5s re$ort s as follo8sJ
?lBl@*. (at last n&+t fro' **.*? to **.<?. %fter a fe8 'n)tes 8a2"
clo)ds a$$eared1 Lt+ese are dra8n as a &ro)$ of ro)nds+ obDects1M follo8ed
b" a $ale bl)s+ l&+t 2er" br&+t n centre. LT+s s dra8n of an ndefnte
o2al s+a$e 8t+ ro)nds+ 8+te s$ot n centre.M !ear t+e end of e#$er'ent
sa8 a lar&er l)'no)s for'1 lastn& onl" a 'o'ent1 b)t rea$$earn& t+ree or
fo)r t'esG t +ad lnes or s$3es abo)t +alf an nc+ 8de dartn& fro' t n
2ared $ostons.9
+i,LHP-
%$$ended are re$rod)ctons of /ss G.5s or&nal dra8n&s of +er
'$resson1 8+c+ bear1 t 8ll be seen1 a 'ar3ed l3eness to a 'an5s +and.

It s+o)ld be added t+at /ss G. +as not +ad an" +all)cnatons of t+e
3nd e#ce$t at t'es 8+en /r. Rr3 8as e#$er'entn&G and t+e a'o)nt of
corres$ondence bet8een +er 2sons and t+e 'a&es 8+c+ /r. Rr3
endea2o)red to transfer 8o)ld certanl" see' be"ond 8+at c+ance co)ld
$rod)ce.
% f)rt+er seres of se2en trals 8t+ t+e sa'e $erc$ent n %$rlC7)ne
*A@. $rod)ced so'e nterestn& res)lts. 4)ll notes of t+e e#$er'ents 8ere1
as n t+e $re2o)s cases1 'ade b" /r. Rr3 and /ss G. nde$endentl". /r
Rr3 8rote +s notes ''edatel" after t+e concl)son of t+e e#$er'ents1
8+c+ 8ere 'ade late n t+e e2enn&1 at a t'e $re2o)sl" a&reed )$on.
/ss G.1 8+o 8as n t+e dar31 and as a r)le n bed1 8rote +er notes on t+e
follo8n& 'ornn& before +earn& fro' /r. Rr3. !o da&ra's 8ere )sed n
t+s seres1 t+e obDect ben&19 n /r. Rr35s 8ords1 to test t+e $ossblt" of
nfl)encn& t+e 'a&naton1 and nd)cn& t+e $erc$ent to 2s)alse
+all)cnator" f&)res of $ersons or an'als t+o)&+t of b" t+e a&ent.9 /ss
G. 3ne8 onl" t+at da&ra's 8o)ld not be )sed. T+e dstance bet8een a&ent
and $erc$ent 8as abo)t <>> "ards.
In t+e frst t+ree trals (%$rl *>t+1 *=t+1 and .<t+1 *A@.)1 /r. Rr3
$ct)red to +'self so'e d)c3s n a roo'1 a 8tc+1 and ot+er f&)res. On t+e
*=t+1 /ss G. sa8 at one t'e a s)nl3e l&+t1 b)t 8t+ t+s e#ce$ton s+e
+ad no '$resson at all on an" of t+e t+ree occasons.
%t t+e fo)rt+ tral (*st /a")1 /ss G. records t+e sa'e n&+t t+at s+e
sa8 a bro3en crcle1 t+en onl" $atc+es of fant l&+t1 not clo)dl3e1 b)t flat1
8+c+ alternated 8t+ 2ertcal strea3s of $ale l&+t.9 %fter8ards1 +o8e2er1
s+e +ad anot+er 2son1 8+c+ s+e t+)s records on t+e follo8n& 'ornn&
before 'eetn& /r. Rr3J
(oon after l"n& do8n last n&+t1 I +ad a ra$d b)t 'ost realstc
&l'$se of /r. Rr3 leann& a&anst +s dnn&Croo' 'antel$eceG t+e roo'
see'ed br&+tl" l&+ted1 and +e loo3ed rat+er bot+ered1 and D)st as I sa8
+' +e a$$eared to sa" H,octorI (a fa'lar na'e &2en to /ss G. b" /r.
and /rs. Rr3)1 HI +a2en5t &ot '" $$e.I T+s see's 2er" abs)rd1 t+e 'ore
so as I do not 3no8 8+et+er /r. Rr3 e2er s'o3es a $$e. I see +'
occasonall" 8t+ a c&ar or c&arette1 b)t cannot re'e'ber e2er seen& +'
8t+ a $$eG f I +a2e1 t ')st +a2e been "ears a&o. I do not 3no8 8+et+er
'" e"es 8ere o$en or closed1 b)t t+e 22dness of t+e '$resson E)te
startled 'e. T+s occ)rred D)st after t+e e#$raton of t'e a$$onted for
e#$er'ent (*>.<?K**.*?).9
/r. Rr3 re$orts n +s acco)nt of t+e tral1 8rtten on t+e *st /a"1 t+at
+e tred to transfer an 'a&e of +'self1 sttn& on a lo8 c+ar1 and also t+e
$art of t+e roo' facn& +' n t+e l&+t of t+e la'$. B)t after seen& /ss
G.5s re$ort1 +e addsJ
+i,LHG-
T+e fact t+at I +ad anot+er e#$er'ent to 'a3e1 i.e. after t+e tral 8t+
/ss G.1 enables 'e to trace 'n)tel" '" actons before be&nnn& t.
I''edatel" t+e t'e +ad e#$red 8t+ /ss G.1 I &ot )$ and ra$dl" lt t+e
&as and t+ree $eces of candle1 8+c+ I +ad read" n t+e cardboard bo#C
co2er1 to ll)'nate t+e da&ra'. T+e roo' 8as t+erefore brllantl" l&+ted.
I no8 rested '" r&+t s+o)lder a&anst t+e 'antel$ece1 8t+ '" face
to8ards /ss G.1 b)t 8t+ '" e"es bent on t+e car$et. In t+s $oston I
t+o)&+t ntensel" of '"self and t+e 8+ole roo'1 and feeln& reall" an#o)s
to 'a3e a s)ccess1 for at least s# 'n)tes. B" t+s t'e '" s+o)lder 8as
ac+n& 2er" ')c+ 8t+ t+e constraned attt)de and t+e $ress)re on t+e
'antel$ece1 and I bro3e off1 )sn& 8ords (tal3n& to '"self) 2er" s'lar to
t+ose &2en b" /ss G. 6+at I ')ttered1 as nearl" as I can re'e'ber1 8as1
HNo#, ,octor1 I5ll &et '" $$e.I Y:ntl 8t+n t+e last fe8 8ee3s I +a2e not
s'o3ed a $$e for 'an" "ears1 and I do not t+n3 t $robable t+at /ss G.
+as e2er seen 'e )se oneG b)t t s an absol)te certant" t+at s+e 8as not
a8are I +ad ta3en to s'o3e one recentl".9
In t+e fft+ e#$er'ent of t+e seres1 'ade on t+e @t+ /a"1 t+e
'$resson 8+c+ a$$ears to +a2e been transferred 8as fort)natel" recorded
before+and. /r. Rr35s re$ort of t+at date1 after descrbn& an atte'$t to
transfer an 'a&e of t+e roo'1 and of an 'a&nar" 8tc+1 r)ns as follo8sJ

Contn)ed to nfl)ence +er so'e 'n)tes after l't of t'e for

e#$er'ent (**.;> P./.). ,)rn& t+s t'e I 8as ')c+ bot+ered b" a
s)bc)rrent of t+o)&+t1 8+c+ I n 2an stro2e to cast off. In t+e 'ornn&1 D)st
before t'e to &et )$1 I +ad a 22d drea' of '" lost do& (HLaddeI).
*
I
drea't +e +ad ret)rned1 and t+at '" 8fe1 /ss G.1 and '"self 'ade ')c+
of +'. I t+o)&+t of +' all da"1 and tred to s)$$ress t+e t+o)&+t1 fearn& t
8o)ld nterfere 8t+ t+e s)ccess of e#$er'entG feel 8orred and rrtated at
t+s1 ben& reall" an#o)s to 'a3e an '$resson. ,o not e#$ect fa2o)rable
res)lt. 6rtten sa'e n&+t.
7. R.9
/ss G.5s re$ort s as follo8sJ
E#$er'ent last n&+t (@K?K@.) 'ost )nsatsfactor". (a8 onl" a &lo8
of l&+t and once for a fe8 seconds a f&)re (of a 2ase). (o'e 'n)tes after
**.;> (t'e for concl)son of e#$er'ent) t see'ed as f t+e door of '"
roo' 8ere o$en1 and on t+e landn& I sa8 a 2er" lar&e do& 'o2n& as
t+o)&+ t +ad D)st co'e )$stars. I cannot conce2e 8+at s)&&ested t+s1 nor
can I )nderstand 8+" I t+o)&+t of Ladde d)rn& t'e of e#$er'ent. I do
not t+n3 8e +a2e 'entoned +' recentl". /" door 8as loc3ed as )s)al.
L. G.9
T+e s#t+ e#$er'ent (*?t+ /a" *A@.) 8as1 n t+e 8ords of /r. Rr35s
conte'$orar" re$ort19 de2oted to 'a3n& +"$notc $asses1 done 8t+ &reat
ener&" and concentraton of 'nd. T+e $asses 8ere 'ade1 not onl" o2er
/ss G.5s ('a&ned) face and ar's1 b)t s$ecall" o2er +er +ands19 8t+ t+e
2e8 of nd)cn& +"$notc slee$.
/ss G. re$orts t+at s+e fell aslee$ before t+e t'e arran&ed +ad
e#$red. B)t t 8as onl" to a8a3e a&an 2er" soon1 t+ro)&+ drea'n& I 8as
n a base'ent roo'Y'a3n& frantc efforts to str3e a 'atc+1 $re2ented
don& so b" so'e one be+nd clas$n& '" 8rsts. T+e sensaton 8as so
)n$leasantl" real t+at t a8o3e 'e.9 T+e t'e f#ed for t+e e#$er'ent +ad
t+en $assed. T+s 8as t+e +i,LHH- onl" occason n t+s seres on 8+c+ /ss
G. 8ent to slee$ d)rn& an e#$er'ent.
In t+e se2ent+ e#$er'ent (?t+ 7)ne *A@.) /r. Rr3 a&an 'ade $asses
to send /ss G. to slee$. /ss G.1 on +er sde1 sa8 onl" so'et+n& l3e t+e
2ared b)t re&)lar 'o2e'ents one sees n t)rnn& a 3aledosco$e1 onl"
8t+o)t t+e colo)rn&G t 8as s'$l" l)'no)s1 and lasted 'ore or less
dstnctl" fro' *? to .> 'n)tes.9 T+s '$resson 'a" conce2abl" +a2e
been d)e1 as /r. Rr3 s)&&ests1 to t+e re&)lar 'o2e'ents of +s +ands n
'a3n& t+e +"$notc $asses.
In est'atn& t+e 2al)e of t+e concdences bet8een /r. Rr35s t+o)&+t
and /ss G.5s '$ressons n t+e fo)rt+ and fft+ trals1 t s+o)ld not be
o2erloo3ed t+at t+e $erc$ent5s '$ressons 8ere not 2a&)e 'a&es1 s)c+ as
are 8ont to cro8d t+ro)&+ o)r 'nds on t+e near a$$roac+ of slee$1 b)t
clearCc)t 2sons1 a$$ro#'atn& to 2s)al +all)cnatons.
'30 E . 2r. A. :ardonQs 80periments.T+e follo8n& e#$er'ents n
t+e transference of da&ra's 8ere carred o)t b" t+e Re2. %. Glardon1 of
To)rCdeCPelN1 Va)d1 (8tNerland1 as a&ent1 8t+ a frend of +s1 /rs. /.1 as
$erc$ent1 bot+ ben& %ssocates of t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+.
%n earler and so'e8+at less s)ccessf)l seres of t+e sa'e 3nd 8as
carred o)t b" t+e' n *A@;1 at a dstance of at least .>> 'les fro' one
anot+er. ((ee 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. @AK*>*.) T+s acco)nt s ta3en
fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;.?K;.@.
T+e or&nal da&ra's dra8n b" bot+ a&ent and $erc$ent1 caref)ll"
dated and 8t+ t+e notes t+e" 'ade on t+e' at t+e t'e1 +a2e been sent to
)s1 and 'ost of t+e' are re$rod)ced n t+e Plates.Y It 8ll be seen fro' t+e
acco)nt 8+at $ro$orton of s)ccess 8as attaned1 t+o)&+ t s not eas" to
est'ate t+s 8t+ e#actt)de1 beca)se t+e $erc$ent se2eral t'es 'ade a
n)'ber of lttle scrbbles 8+c+ '&+t be co)nted et+er as $arts of one
dra8n&1 or all as se$arate dra8n&s. (ee e.g. Plate II.1 R. ;. 6+ere 8e +a2e
&2en t+e n)'ber of dra8n&s s+e 'ade1 8t+o)t re$rod)cn& all of t+e'
(see e.g. Plate I.1 R. * b) 8e +a2e1 of co)rse1 co)nted as 'an" as $ossble1 n
order not to o2erCest'ate t+e ar&)'ent a&anst c+ance concdence. T+)s1
s)c+ a case as R. ; 8o)ld +a2e been co)nted as e&+t dra8n&s.
T+e e#$er'ents 8ll be best )nderstood b" a f)ll descr$ton of t+e
Plates1 8+c+ 8e no8 $roceed to &2e.
In all cases t+e letter O on t+e Plates denotes t+e dra8n&s of t+e a&ent
and t+e letter R t+ose of t+e $erc$entG and t+e dotted lnes 'ar3 off t+e
dra8n&s belon&n& to eac+ e#$er'ent.
P L%TE I .In t+e e#$er'ents +ere ll)strated1 t+e a&ent 8as at To)rCdeC
PelN1 and t+e $erc$ent at 4lorence1 and t+e for'er notes *> P./.9 on +s
s+eet of da&ra's as t+e +o)r of t+e e#$er'ents1 also t+at +e )sed t+e
da&ra' O. * on /a" At+ and @t+ L*A@;M1 and O. . on /a" *>t+ and **t+.
T+e $erc$ent 'ade one dra8n&1 re$rod)ced as R. * a1 on /a" At+. On
/a" @t+ s+e 'ade e&+t atte'$ts1 of 8+c+ t+e one 'ost nearl" rese'bln&
O. * s &2en1 as R. * b. On +er $a$er s noted *A@;1 T)esda"1 /a" @t+1
*>.*?.9 On /a" *>t+1 s+e atte'$ted not+n&. T+e 8+ole of 8+at s+e dre8
on /a" **t+ s re$rod)ced as R. .9G +er $a$er ben& 'ar3ed1 /a" **15@;G
*> P./.9
+i,LHI-
P L%TE II .T+e da&ra's O. ; and O. < 8ere )sed n e#$er'ents n
8+c+ t+e a&ent 8as at To)rCdeCPelN and t+e $erc$ent at Torre Pellce1
Ital"G O. ; 8as )sed on /a" *@t+ and O. < on /a" ..nd and .;rdG n all
cases at *> P./. R. ; re$resents all t+e dra8n&s 'ade b" t+e $erc$ent on
/a" *@t+G +er $a$er s 'ar3ed *@ /a" *A@;G *> P./.G9 and also bears t+e
noteJ a s'all 2er" br&+t des&n or obDect.9 On /a". .;rd1 at *>.? P./.1 s+e
'ade t+ree dra8n&s1 t8o of 8+c+ are re$rod)ced as R. <. It 8ll be
obser2ed t+at t+e brac3et n t+e a&ent5s dra8n& see's to be re$rod)ced n
t+e second of t+ese1 b)t t+s 'a" be a 'ere c+ance rese'blance. O. ? s t+e
da&ra' )sed b" t+e a&ent on 7)ne .nd at *> P./.1 +e ben& stll at To)rCdeC
PelN1 and t+e $erc$ent at Ve2e". (+e 'ade no dra8n& on t+s date1 b)t
notesJ 7)ne .nd1 *A@;G *> P./. (ee not+n& b)t a sort of fra'e and a
cro#n/ too slee$" to dra8 t.9
T+e a&ent5s dra8n& corres$ondn& to R. B s s+o8n as O. B on Plate III.
In t+s e#$er'ent1 t+e a&ent and $erc$ent 8ere bot+ n t+e sa'e +o)se at
To)rCdeCPelN1 b)t n dfferent roo's. It occ)rred on 7)ne =t+1 *A@;1 and
/r. Glardon &2es t+e follo8n& acco)nt of tJ
GRYO!C(:RCBE01 V%:,1 1une .=th, *A@;.
/rs. /. 8as sttn& alone n a roo' adDonn& t+e one I 8as n. I dre8
t+e da&ra' and f#ed '" attenton on t. %fter t8o or t+ree 'n)tes1 /rs.
/. called alo)d1 sa"n&1 HI a' too ')c+ e#cted toda"1 don5t &o onGI and on
'" entern& t+e roo'1 s+e sad1 HI can see not+n& b)t t+e des&n of t+e
e'broder" I +a2e been 8or3n& at t+s 'ornn&1 and I 8ll not dra8 t
beca)se I t+n3 t too sll".I
(+e sent 'e after8ards t+at des&nG "o) can D)d&e for "o)rself. T+e
fact s t+at1 )na8ares1 I +ad dra8n a da&ra' rese'bln& closel" t+at
des&n.9Y
T+e rest of t+e da&ra's on Plates III. and IV. belon& to a later seres of
e#$er'ents1 carred o)t bet8een ,ece'ber *<t+. *A@;1 and 7an)ar" @t+1
*A@<. T+e" 8ere sent to )s n %$rl *A@< b" /r. Glardon1 8+o 8rtesJ
TO:RC,ECPEILV1 Apri .<th, *A@<.
YI +a2e 'ade a ne8 seres 8t+ t+e sa'e corres$ondent1 /rs. /.1 s+e
ben& n %Dacco1 Corsca1 8+ere s+e s stll1 and I +ere. T+e t'e 8as +alfC
$ast nne P./.1 4renc+ t'eG and t+e res)lts +a2e not been 2er" satsfactor".
,)rn& ,ece'ber *A@; and 7an)ar" *A@<1 8e tred 'an" t'es a 8ee3.
:nfort)natel"1 /rs. /. dd not al8a"s attend1 and I '"self 8as so'et'es
$re2ented b" 2sts or co''ttees fro' attendn&G so t+at1 n all1 8e +ad
onl" a doNen real e#$er'ents1 bot+ attendn& t+e sa'e n&+t and at t+e
sa'e 'o'ent. Of t+ese1 I send "o) fo)r nstances n 8+c+ t see's to 'e
t+at 8e ac+e2ed a far a'o)nt of s)ccess. One s a str3n& e#a'$le of
dela"ed and $ersstent '$resson. T8o n&+ts r)nnn& I tred to send a
/altese cross Lsee O. *>M. /rs. /. sat on t+e sa'e da"s1 and t+e t8o da"s
follo8n&$encl n +and and e"es s+)t as )s)alon t+e ?t+1 t+e Bt+1 t+e
At+1 and t+e @t+ of 7an)ar"G and t+e a$$ro#'aton 8as e2er" t'e &reater1
tll t+e cross ca'e o)t dstnctl".
On ,ece'ber .At+1 /rs. /. see's to +a2e seen t+e co'et I +ad dra8n
$rett" 8ell Lsee O. @M. On t+e *<t+1 s+e +ad an '$resson of so'et+n&
rese'bln& a cro8n1 and I +ad dra8n a rose Lsee O. =M. 4nall"1 on t+e .*st1
s+e re$rod)ced at once and e#actl" '" dra8n&1 as "o) 8ll see fro' +er
o8n
+i,LHJ-
PL%TE I

+i,LHK-
PL%TE II

+i,LHL-
PL%TE III

+i,LHM-
PL%TE IV

+i,LHN- bt of $a$er Lsee O. A and R. AM. It s a $t" s+e dd not
)se for o)r sttn&s an"t+n& lar&er t+an a co''on noteCboo3.
-o8e2er1 I send "o) lea2es torn fro' t1 corres$ondn& to '"
dra8n&s.9
In t+ese fo)r e#$er'ents1 8e +a2e re$rod)ced all t+e dra8n&s 'ade b"
t+e a&ent1 and also all 'ade b" t+e $erc$ent on eac+ occason1 e#ce$t n
t+e e#$er'ent of 7an)ar" ?t+@t+1 *A@<1 8+c+ s 'ar3ed O. *> and R. *>.
In +er dra8n&s 'ar3ed n t+e Plate R. =1 s+e notes t+e date and +o)r as
,ece'ber *<t+1 *> P./.G and 8rtesJ L3e a $ar of ton&sa toot+ 8t+
$ron&sa cro8n9 t+e t+ree descr$tons a$$arentl" referrn& to +er t+ree
dra8n&s. T+e a&ent5s dra8n&1 O. =1 s dated ,ece'ber *<t+1 *A@;. -er
dra8n&s 'ar3ed R. A are dated ,ece'ber .*st1 *A@;1 @.;> P./.1 t+e a&ent5s1
O. A1 ben& dated ,ece'ber .*st1 *A@;G and t+ose 'ar3ed R. @ are dated
,ece'ber .At+1 *A@;1 @.;> P./.1 t+e a&ent5s1 O. @1 ben& also dated
,ece'ber .At+1 *A@;.
6t+ re&ard to t+e e#$er'ent of 7an)ar" ?t+@t+1 *A@<1 t+e or&nal
da&ra' 8as a /altese cross (Plate III.1 O. *>)1 8+c+ t+e a&ent notes t+at
+e )sed on 7an)ar" ?t+ and Bt+1 *A@<. T+e $erc$ent 'ade on 7an)ar" ?t+1
at @.;> P./.1 fo)r dra8n&s1 of 8+c+ t+e one 'ost l3e a /altese cross s
re$rod)ced as R. *> a. On 7an)ar" Bt+1 at t+e sa'e +o)r1 s+e 'ade fo)r
dra8n&s1 none of 8+c+ are at all l3e t+e cross. On 7an)ar" At+1 at @.;>
P./.1 s+e 'ade fo)r dra8n&s1 t+e 'ost s)ccessf)l of 8+c+ s re$rod)ced as
R. *> b. On 7an)ar" @t+1 at @.;> P./.1 s+e 'ade frst t8o dra8n&s1
rese'bln& eac+ ot+er $rett" closel"1 and added t+e note1 sa'e '$resson
as last t'e.9 One of t+ese s re$rod)ced as R. *> c. (+e see's t+en to +a2e
&one off on an alto&et+er 8ron& tac31 as nne da&ra's of a dfferent
c+aracter1 so'e of t+e' rese'bln& a fla& or 3e"1 follo8. !e#t s+e a$$ears
to +a2e 'ade a fres+ start1 dra8n& t+ree da&ra's1 one of 8+c+ s R. *> d.
To t+ese s+e a$$ends t+e noteJ %l8a"s co'e bac3 to t+e sa'e t+n&.
Probabl" +e +as sent not+n&.9 4nall"1 on one corner of t+e s+eet1 s+e dra8s
a Gree3 3e" $attern1 'ar3ed after8ards.9
In t+s e#$er'ent1 t+e lar&e n)'ber of atte'$ts 'ade1 and t+e fact t+at
s)ccess 8as not attaned )ntl t8o or t+ree da"s after t+e a&ent 8as tr"n& to
transfer t+e dra8n&1 of co)rse stren&t+en t+e $robablt" t+at t+e s)ccess
'a" +a2e been 'erel" d)e to c+ance. On t+e ot+er +and1 all t+e da&ra's
'ade on eac+ da"1 e#ce$t t+e last1 rese'ble one anot+er 'ore or less
closel"1 as f t+e $erc$ent +ad +ad onl" one or t8o deas of a for' n +er
'nd on eac+ e2enn&. On 7an)ar" @t+ also1 t+e dra8n&s of eac+ of t+e
t+ree sets D)st descrbed s+o8 'ar3ed rese'blances to one anot+er.
ConseE)entl"1 t+e $robablt" of a c+ance concdence s not so &reat as t+e
total n)'ber of dra8n&s 8o)ld 'a3e t a$$ear to be.
6e +a2e also to re'e'ber t+at1 as /r. Glardon nfor's )s1 t+ere 8as no
8rtten co'')ncaton bet8een a&ent and $erc$ent d)rn& t+s t'e1 so
t+at s+e dd not 3no8 t+at +e 8as )sn& t+e sa'e da&ra' t8o da"s r)nnn&.
In ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+et+er +e atte'$ted to transfer an" da&ra's to
/rs. /. on 7an)ar" At+ and @t+1 /r. Glardon sa"s (/a" .nd1 *A@<) t+at +e
does not re'e'ber1 b)t +e bele2es not.
'30 F . 6e +a2e as "et rece2ed 2er" fe8 cases of an"t+n& l3e a seres
of tele$at+c 'essa&es. One caref)ll" re$orted case1 carred o)t +i,LHO- b"
/ss Goodrc+C4reer 8t+ a frend of +ers1 8as &2en n +er $a$er1 %
Record of Tele$at+c and Ot+er E#$erences9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$$. ;==K;@=). %not+er seres1 also caref)ll" noted1 of a$$arentl" tele$at+c
'$ressons of a tr2al 3ndocc)rrn& bet8een a doctor and one of +s
$atents8as $rnted n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .@@K;>B1 and ;**K
;*@. T+e follo8n& s a str3n& case of t+e sa'e 3nd1 obtaned fro' a
&entle'an1 ,r. 7.(.1 8+o $refers +s ntals onl" to be $)bls+ed. T+e
acco)nt s ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <??.
6e 'a" obser2e n t+s case1 as n ot+ers of t+e sa'e 3nd1 t+at so'e
ele'ent of a$$arent $redcton s ncl)dedG t+o)&+ t+s s $robabl" often a
'ere con2erson of t+e a&ent5s e#$ectaton and nference nto 8+at a$$ears
to t+e $erc$ent an act)al fact. It ')st1 +o8e2er1 also be re'e'bered t+at
t+e occasonal 8ant of conte'$oranet" adds sl&+tl" to t+e $robablt" of
c+ance concdence bet8een t+e t+o)&+ts of t+e t8o e#$er'enters.
4ro' t+e &aci$ic Theosophist, (an 4rancsco1 August *A@;.
T+e follo8n& e#$er'ents 8ere cond)cted b" a 8ellC3no8n $+"scan
of t+s ct" and +s 8fe. Bot+ 8ere so'e8+at nterested n t+e s)bDect and1
)$on t+e latter lea2n& for a 2st n t+e co)ntr"1 t 8as arran&ed t+at at a
certan t'e of eac+ da" ten 'n)tes s+o)ld be de2oted to an atte'$t to
co'')ncate tele$at+call"1 eac+ alternatn& as trans'tter and rece2er.
T+e notes1 caref)ll" 8rtten do8n 8+le se$arated nearl" a +)ndred
'les1 s$ea3 for t+e'sel2es. T+e" also 'a3e t a$$arent t+at t+e $+"scan
acco'$ls+ed so'et+n& 'ore t+an 'ere tele$at+". In rece2n& s)$$osed
'essa&es1 +e se2eral t'es &ot acc)rate nfor'aton of t+n&s 8+c+ t+e
8fe +ad no dea s+e 8as '$artn&1 and n one or t8o nstances act)all"
foresa8 occ)rrences 8+c+ co)ld not $ossbl" +a2e been 3no8n to +s
trans'tter. T+s s+o8s +o8 nt'atel" o)r $s"c+c senses blend one 8t+
t+e ot+er1 and +o8 +ard t s for an )ntraned $erson to dstn&)s+ D)st 8+at
$s"c+c fac)lt" s act2e. T+e $+eno'ena recorded are co''on$lace n
t+er c+aracterG t+e nterest les n t+er tr)t+f)lness and t+e scentfc
acc)rac" of t+er obser2aton. T+e res)lts are as follo8sJ
2ay *.th.
Trans'tter1 /rs.
(.
%rr2ed safel".
Pleasant tr$. B.
feels farl" 8ell. 6e
+a2e a nce $lace n
an oldCfas+oned
+o)se.
2ay *.th.Rece2ed.
-ad a &ood tr$. B. sle$t 8ell. -o)se sE)arel"
b)lt and $lanG $orc+ s)rro)nded b" treesG not
frontn& t+e roadG roo's 2er" s)nn". L%ll acc)rate.
6+at follo8s 8as seen clar2o"antl"1 a$$arentl".
E,.M Landlad" 8ears s)nCbonnet 8t+ Dac3et of
sa'e. Lttle bo" t+ree "ears old. LBo" e#$ected1
b)t dd not arr2e )ntl ne#t da". T+e descr$ton
acc)rate.M 4re n nort+Ceast. L4re occ)rred ne#t
n&+t.M +i,LIP-
2ay *;th. 2ay *;th.Rece2ed.
Trans'tter1 ,r. (.
T+eresa B. and +er
'ot+er 8ere +ere
"esterda". %lso
Clara and E''a.
B)sness so'e8+at
d)ll. 6.5s +o)se
b)rned "esterda".
I t+n3 T+eresa B. 8as t+ere or s co'n&.
(o'et+n&1 I can5t 'a3e o)t1 abo)t b)sness. I
t+n3 t s bad.
2ay *<th.
!ot+n& sent.
2ay *<th.
4or&ot to 3ee$ t+e a$$onted t'e.
2ay *?th.
Trans'tter1 ,r. (.
E. and R. 8ent to
$ar3. /rs. %. s
an&r". (. $ad +s
bll.
2ay *?th.Rece2ed.
Co)ld &et not+n& defnteG t+n3 "o) collected
so'e 'one".
2ay *Bth.
Trans'tter1 /rs.
(.
Pad a 2st to R.5s.
B. feels E)te 8ell.
2ay *Bth.Rece2ed.
Yo) too3 a lon& 8al3. I see a "o)n& 'an 8t+ a
re2ol2er n +s +and. L% "o)n& 'an s+ot a do& n
t+e &arden t+at da".M
2ay *=th.
Trans'tter1 ,r. (.
!ot+n& sentG
b)sness $re2ented.
2ay *=th.Rece2ed.
Co)ld &et not+n& at all. T+n3 "o) 8ere o)t.
2ay *Ath.
Trans'tter1 ,r. (.
B. does not feel 8ell
at all. 6ent for
'edcne.
2ay *Ath.Rece2ed.
(ee a lot of 8ne cas3s and de'CDo+ns.
(o'et+n& abo)t c)rtans. L/rs. (. 2sted a lar&e
8ne cellar on t+e *=t+. T+e c)rtans n +er roo'
anno"ed +er 2er" ')c+. B)t not+n& abo)t et+er
8as consco)sl" sent.M
2ay *@th.
Trans'tter1 ,r. (.
Case of ,. 8ll co'e
off n t+e co)rts
.@t+. B)sness stll
2ay *@th.Rece2ed.
T+n3 "o) +ad ran. Yo) see' dssatsfed. Yo)
are telln& 'e so'et+n& abo)t ,.1 I a' s)re. LIt
dd ran1 b)t t+e fact 8as not consco)sl" sent.M
E)et. Pla"ed 8+st.
2ay .>th.
Trans'tter1 /rs.
(.
/" clot+es and
s+oes are all torn. I
+a2e $oson oa3 on
'" ar's. -o$e t
8ll not be bad.
2ay .>th.Rece2ed.
Yo) 8ent o)t rdn&. I see "o) +oldn& a s+oe n
"o)r +and. Yo) +a2e $oson oa3 on "o)r r&+t
ar'. B. s better. Yo) 8ant 'e to 'al "o) t+e
)uetin and Chronice. L/rs. (. dd rde o)t to
so'e s)l$+)r s$rn&s. Poson oa3 8as on r&+t
ar' onl". B. &aned t+ree $o)nds. (+e 8as +o$n&
for t+e )uetin s)$$le'ent onl".M +i,LIG-
2ay .*st.
%$$ont'ent
for&otten.
2ay .*st.
!ot at +o'eG dd not st to rece2e.
2ay ..nd
Trans'tter1 /rs.
(.
Vsted s$rn&s.
Ver" 8ar' all da". I
+a2e a sc3
+eadac+e.
2ay ..ndRece2ed.
It ')st be 8ar'G I see "o) fannn& "o)rselfG "o)
8ere rdn&G on a don3e"1 I t+n3. L(+e rode n a
carra&e1 b)t sa8 a don3e" on +er tr$ 8+c+
a')sed +er 2er" ')c+.M
2ay .;rd.
Trans'tter1 ,r. (.
:$ all n&+t. Ver"
tred. !ot+n& ne8.
2ay .;rd.Rece2ed.
Yo) are loo3n& 2er" cross and tred.
2ay .<th.
Trans'tter1 /rs.
(.
(ent not+n&.
2ay .<th.Rece2ed.
I see a b& c+)rc+Cl3e b)ldn&brc3. L/rs. (.
8ent t+e e2enn& $re2o)s to a c+)rc+
entertan'ent. T+e descr$ton correct. !ot sent
consco)sl".M
2ay .?th.
Trans'tter1 ,r. (.
I +a2e a bad sore
t+roat. I a' &on& to
,rs. 4. and (.
(dentsts) to &2e
et+er. It s a 8nd"
da".
2ay .?th.Rece2ed.
Yo) +a2e )n$leasant 8eat+er. Yo) are tr"n& to
tell 'e so'et+n& abo)t ,r. 4. and +s $artner1 ,r.
(.1 b)t I can5t 'a3e t o)t.
/rs. (. 8as so'e8+at do)btf)l abo)t t+e s)ccess or e2en $ossblt" of
s)c+ e#$er'ents s)cceedn&1 and 8as farl" startled )$on co'$arn&
'e'oranda on +er ret)rn +o'e. B. s a sster of /rs. (.1 for 8+ose beneft
t+e tr$ 8as ta3en. T+e doctor +ad ne2er been n t+at $art of t+e co)ntr"1 and
so co)ld not +a2e seen t+e +o)se and c+)rc+ +e so acc)ratel" descrbed. T+e
e#$er'ents t+ro8 ')c+ l&+t on $s"c+c fac)ltes ot+er t+an 'ere
tele$at+".
7. (.1 /.,.1 P+"scan and ()r&eon.
(%! 4R%!CI(CO1 November .@th, *A@;.
R. -O,G(O!1 E(X.1,E%R (IR1In re$l" to "o)rs of !o2e'ber *?t+1
'" state'ent s t+at '" e#$er'ent 8t+ '" 8fe n tele$at+" res)lted
$recsel" as "o) fnd t &2en n t+e &aci$ic Theosophist. LIn a later letter ,r.
(. states t+at +e s not +'self a T+eoso$+st.M
I ca'e to tr" t+e e#$er'ent t+s 8a"J I read n t+e dal" $a$ers of a
certan dr)''er 8+o1 8+en absent fro' +s +o'e1 'ade t a $ractce to st
at ten o5cloc3 P./.1 for abo)t +alfCanC+o)r1 +s 8fe t+e sa'e1 and 'entall"
co'')ncate t+e ne8s of t+e da" to eac+ ot+er1 as e#c+an&n& letters 8as
ncon2enent1 +e ben& co'$elled to c+an&e +s locaton e2er" da".
%s '" 8fe 8as to &o a8a" fro' (an 4rancsco last s)''er 8t+ a sc3
sster of +ers1 8e decded to tr" t+e e#$er'ent1 8t+ t+e res)lt &2en n t+e
&aci$ic Theosophist. /" 8fe +as &ro8n )$ n an at'os$+ere of sce$tcs'1
conseE)entl" s+e dd not &2e t+e s)bDect as ')c+ attenton as I dd1
ot+er8se 8e '&+t +a2e +ad better res)lts. !o81 of co)rse1 +er $ersonal
e#$erence con2nced +er of so'et+n&.
!o t+rd $erson 8as a8are of o)r don&1 e#ce$tn& 8+at I state +ereJ I
+i,LIH- 'et ,r. 7. %nderson n cons)ltaton abo)t a $atent1 8+en I told +'
I bele2ed n t+e $ossbltes of tele$at+"1 and t+at I 8as 'a3n&
e#$er'ents D)st t+en 8t+ '" 8fe. -e as3ed 'e to s+o8 +' t+e res)lt1
&ood or bad1 8+c+ I dd. ,r. %nderson ne2er 'et '" 8fe1 net+er dd +e
3no8 8+ere s+e 8ent to. (+e 8as n (t. -elena1 (ono'a Co)nt"1 abo)t
s#t"Ct+ree 'les fro' t+e ct".
6e a&reed to st t8ent" 'n)tes at ten o5cloc3 P./. In sendn& ne8s1 I
f#ed '" 'nd stron&l" on t+e 'essa&esG n rece2n&1 I 'ade '" 'nd as
near blan3 as I co)ld1 e#cl)dn& all t+o)&+t. E2er"t+n& I rece2ed ca'e to
'e as a 'ental $ct)re. (o'et'es I 8o)ld see t+n&s onl" $artl"1 l3e +alf
of a face. 6+en I sa8 +er ar'1 8t+ t+e $oson oa31 t ca'e 2er" clearl". I
al'ost t+o)&+t I co)ld s$ea3 to +er1 b)t I ne2er +eard an"t+n& l3e nose.Y
((&ned) ,R. 7.(.
I corroborate t+e abo2e state'ent n e2er" detal.
/R(. E.(.
/r. 6. E. Cole'an1 8ell 3no8n to ,r. -od&son1 8rtes to +' as
follo8sJ
C-IE4 X./. O44ICE1 (%! 4R%!CI(CO1 C%LI4OR!I%1
*ecember .*st, *A@;.
:$on nE)r" I fnd t+at ,r. 7.(. s a re$)table $+"scan of c+aracter and
standn&. %ll s$ea3 8ell of +'1 and +e s consdered a 'an of 2eract". I
can fnd not+n& a&anst +' as 'an or as doctor.
6. E. COLE/%!.
'30 G . 2iss *espardQs 80periments.T+e follo8n& case co'es fro'
t8o lades 8ell 3no8n to 'e1 /ss R. C. ,es$ard and /ss C. /.
Ca'$bell. %fter s)ccessf)l e#$er'ents 8t+ bot+ n t+e sa'e roo'1 t+e"
'ade t8o trals1 bot+ of 8+c+ 8ere s)ccessf)l1 8t+ a&ent and $erc$ent n
dfferent $arts of London. (o'e t'e later t+e" carred o)t anot+er s+ort
seres of e#$er'ents at a dstance1 8+c+ I E)ote n f)ll fro' t+e 1ourna
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .;<K.;=. (4or f)ll detals of all t+er e#$er'ents1 see
t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <K@1 and 2ol. 2. $$. .;<K.;A.)
T+e descr$tons of eac+ 8tness 8ere al8a"s 8rtten before co'$arn&
notes 8t+ t+e ot+er. %ll t+e letters E)oted1 8t+ t+e en2elo$es
corres$ondn& to t+e frst t8o of t+e'1 8ere sent to t+e Edtor of t+e
1ourna (.P.R.
L/ss ,es$ard descrbes t+e &eneral condtons of t+e e#$er'ents t+)sJ
M
%&ent n ()rbton1 Perc$ent n London1 6.C. dstrct1 dstance abo)t
*< 'les.
Agreed uponV %&ent to concentrate attenton at ** P./.G $erc$ent to
t+en 8rte do8n an" '$resson rece2ed. E#$er'ents to be&n on
,ece'ber .=t+1 *A@?G one e#$er'ent eac+ n&+t1 alternatel" an obDect and
a da&ra'. ,ece'ber ;*st to be o'tted.
LT+e frst acco)nt s a letter 8rtten fro' ()rbton b" t+e a&ent1 /ss
,es$ard1 to /ss Ca'$bell n London.M
(TR%T-/ORE1 (:RBITO! -ILL P%RR1 (:RBITO!1
*ecember .=th, *A@?. **.;> P./.
,E%R R.1%s "o) 3no81 8e a&reed a fe8 da"s a&o to tr" so'e
e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransferenceto be&n toCn&+t at ** P./.alternate
n&+ts to t+n3 +i,LII- of an obDect and a da&ra'. (o toCn&+t I f#ed '"
attenton abo)t **.< P./. on a brass candlestc3 8t+ a l&+ted candle n t. I
feel t+e res)lt 8ll not be 2er" satsfactor"1 for I fo)nd dffc)lt" n
concentratn& '" 'nd1 and not +a2n& decded $re2o)sl" 8+at obDect to
t+n3 of1 I loo3ed o2er t+e 'antel$ece frst and reDected t8o or t+ree t+n&s
before f#n& on t+e candlestc3. % 2er" nos" tran 8as also dstractn& '"
attenton1 so I 8onder f "o) 8ll t+n3 of t+at.
*ecember .Ath, **.<? P./.I t+o)&+t of t+s da&ra' La cross nscrbed
n a tran&leM1 t+e Ltran&leM n t+c3 blac31 and t+e cross nsde n l&+ter.
*ecember .@th, **.<> P./.I +o$e t+s 8ll be 'ore s)ccessf)l. I fo)nd
toCn&+t I co)ld brn& )$ a ')c+ clearer 'ental $ct)re of t+e obDecta
s'all )risto,#are "ug abo)t s# nc+es +&+1 t+e lo8er $art ben& bro8ns+
red1 of a 'etallc co$$er" colo)r1 t+e )$$er $art +a2n& a band of redds+
and l&+tC$)r$le flo8ers of a so'e8+at con2entonal rose $attern+andle
&reens+. I do not t+n3 "o) +a2e seen t+s D)&1 as t +as been $)t a8a" n a
c)$board and onl" latel" bro)&+t o)t. I sa8 t+e D)& c+efl" b" br&+t
frel&+t.
*ecember ;>th1 *. midnight.I a' 2er" tred and fear t+e res)lt s
2a&)eG t+s s t+e da&ra'.
/" 'ental 'a&e 8as not correct1 b)t tended to
slo$e )$ to t+e r&+t.

Let 'e 3no8 "o)r '$ressons soon.Yo)rs1 &cG
R. C. ,es$ard.
LT+e corres$ondn& acco)nt of t+e $erc$ent1 /ss Ca'$bell1 s as
follo8sJM
== C-E(TERTO! RO%,1 6.1 *ecember .@th, *A@?.
,E%R R.1I +a2e not+n& 2er" satsfactor" to re$ort. I a' sorr" to sa" I
E)te for&ot on t+e .=t+ abo)t o)r $roDected e#$er'ents )ntl I 8as D)st
&ettn& nto bed1 8+en I s)ddenl" re'e'bered1 and D)st t+en I +eard a tran
'a3n& a &reat nose1 and as I +a2e ne2er notced t l3e t+at before1 I
8ondered f t 8as one of "o)r trans. I co)ld not f# '" 'nd on an" obDect1
b)t cloc31 8atc+1 bat+1 all fltted $ast1 and t+e crcle of frel&+t n t+e front
roo'G t+e onl" 8ord t+at ca'e to 'e 8as sand9 and a so)nd l3e B or q at
be&nnn& of a 8ord ("o) 3no8 I as often +ear t+e na'e of t+e obDect as see
t+e t+n& tself). I sto$$ed1 for t see'ed rdc)lo)s1 b)t you ')st +a2e
attracted '" attenton1 for D)st after I sto$$ed I +eard t+e cloc3 +ere str3e
t+e +alfC+o)r1 and fo)nd ne#t 'ornn& t 8as t8ent" 'n)tes fast1 so 8+en I
s)ddenl" re'e'bered19 t ')st +a2e been D)st after ele2en.
Last n&+t I bele2e you for&ot1 for I +ad no stron& '$resson1 b)t "o)
see t+e $a$er enclosed.
*
T+e scrbbles n corner '" $encl dd 8t+o)t 'eG
t+e rectan&le I bele2e 8as a &)essG as for t+e crcle1 '" $encl 8o)ld &o
ro)nd and ro)nd n t+e centre 'a3n& t+at s$ot1 t+e crcle tself ben& a 2er"
s+ado8" '$resson.
**.*? P./.T+e frst t+n& t+at ca'e nto '" 'nd 8as a s$on&e1 b)t I
t+n3 t+at 8as s)&&ested b" t+e so)nd of 8ater r)nnn& n t+e bat+Croo'1
and ne#t I +ad 'ore dstnctl" an '$resson of a redds+ 'etallc l)stre1 and
I t+o)&+t t ')st be t+e /oors+ brass tra" on /a"5s 'antel$eceG b)t at last
I sa8 E)te dstnctl" a s'all D)& of a bro8ns+ 'etallc a$$earance belo81
8t+ abo2e t+at a 8+te band 8t+ colo)red flo8ers1 llac and cr'son1 on t.
I can5t be s)re 8+at t 8as l3e at t+e to$1 for t+at see'ed to be n s+ado8
and +i,LIJ- see'ed to be dar3s+1$er+a$s l3e t+e botto'1 b)t I sa8 no
'etallc &lea'. I don5t re'e'ber an"t+n& l3e t+s a'on& /a"5s t+n&s1 b)t
t+e '$resson 8as so 22d I descrbe t.
;>th1 **.*? P./. T+o)&+t 2a&)el" of a tran&le and f&)re l3e t+s1 b)t
no 22d '$ressonG f "o) 8ere t+n3n& of an" f&)re at all1 8ere also
t+n3n& of so'et+n& else.

;*stI send "o) t+s as far as t &oes1 and s+all be
&lad to +ear fro' "o) 8t+ "o)r acco)nts.Yo)rs1
C. /. Ca'$bell.
*? -eat+cote (treet1 6.C.
LT+e $ostC'ar3s on t+e en2elo$es of t+ese letters $ro2ed t+at /ss
Ca'$bell $osted +er letter before rece2n& /ss ,es$ard5sG and al'ost
$ro2edb)t for an lle&blt" n a $orton of one $ostC'ar3t+at /ss
,es$ard $osted +ers before rece2n& /ss Ca'$bell5s.
42e 'ore e#$er'ents 8ere 'ade1 of 8+c+ I E)ote t+e frst t8o1 t+e
last t+ree ben& fal)res. T+e follo8n& s t+e a&ent5s acco)ntJM
(TR%T-/ORE1 (:RBITO!1
1anuary *st, *A@B. **.<> P./.
,E%R R.-a2e t+o)&+t of a s'all do&5s 8+$ +)n& on /.5s 8all1 b)t
dd not see t clearl"1 3e$t t+n3n& of t n )seG 8as n E.5s roo'1 loo3n& at
so'e dresses1 and co)ld not &2e 8+ole attenton to t.
1anuary .nd. **.*? P./.T+o)&+t of s'all al'anac 8t+ a $ct)re of
$n3 roses on t.Y
R. C. ,E(P%R,.
LT+e $erc$ent1 /ss Ca'$bell1 8rote as follo8s. -er en2elo$e 8as
addressed to /ss ,es$ard at ()rbton1 b)t a$$arentl" not $osted for t+e
reason &2en n +er fnal sentence.M
*? -E%T-COTE (TREET1 6. C.
1anuary *st, *A@B. **.*> P./.L(3etc+ of a ca$tal (1 t+e )$$er $art
slo$n& to t+e r&+t and t+e lo8er to t+e left.M 4rst I +ad nclnaton to let '"
$en 8r&&le1 t+en sa8 lar&e ca$tal (1 and +eard so)nd of letter1 t+o)&+ t+s
8as 'ost $robabl" 'a&naton.
1anuary .nd. **.;> P./.-ad a 2er" 22d '$resson of "o)r 8al3n&
)$ to t+e c+est of dra8ers n "o)r roo'1 o$enn& t+e to$ dra8er and
to)c+n& t+ose 2el2et and lace stra$s1 as f "o) 8ere 'edtatn& 8+at "o)
co)ld t+n3 of1 and loo3n& n front of "o) at t+e lttle &lassCfronted
boo3caseG t+en t+ere 8as a s'all scr''a&e bet8een t+e cat and t+e do&
fro' do8nstars and I lost t+e t+readG b)t ne#t see'ed to be to)c+n& a boo3
no1 a sn&le leaf1 a s+eet of 8rtn&C$a$er1 and t+en t see'ed to be $n3
and blott"G b)t t all see'ed 2er" a'less and I +ad a bad +eadac+e1 so co)ld
not concentrate attenton 8ell.Y
C. /. C%/PBELL.
'3+ A . 6e +a2e on record a fe8 cases s)&&est2e of tele$at+c
co'')ncaton bet8een +)'an ben&s and an'als. (nce1 fro' t+e nat)re
of t+e case1 onl" t+e 8tnesses on one sde can be e#a'ned1 an"
nter$retaton of s)c+ occ)rrences ')st re'an d)bo)s at best %$art fro'
t+e $ossblt" of nde$endent clar2o"ance1 t+e s)$$osed tele$at+c '$)lse
'&+t co'e fro' so'e ot+er +)'an ben& acE)anted 8t+ t+e condton of
t+e an'al1not fro' t+e an'al tself.
+i,LIK-
I E)ote an nstance fro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2. $. .A?. T+e
acco)nt 8as rece2ed n ,ece'ber *A@>1
*
fro' /rs. Ba&ot1 8rtn& fro'
T+e Palace1 -a'$ton Co)rt. Bot+ /rs. Ba&ot and +er da)&+ter1 8+o
confr's t+e acco)nt1 are 3no8n to 'e.
In t+e "ear *AA; 8e 8ere sta"n& at t+e -btel des %n&las1 at /entone. I
+ad left at +o'e (n !orfol3)1 n t+e care of o)r &ardener1 a 2er" fa2o)rte
lttle do&1 a blac3 and tan terrer1 na'ed 7)d". I 8as sttn& at table d5+bte
and s)ddenl" sa8 '" do& r)n across t+e roo'1 and )nt+n3n&l" e#cla'ed1
6+"1 t+ere5s 7)d"Z9 T+ere 8as no do& n t+e +otel1 and 8+en I 8ent
)$stars I told '" da)&+ter1 8+o 8as ll1 8+at I +ad seen. % fe8 da"s after I
&ot a letter sa"n& t+at 7)d" +ad &one o)t 8t+ t+e &ardener as )s)al n t+e
'ornn& E)te 8ell1 b)t 8+en +e ret)rned at brea3fastCt'e s+e 8as
s)ddenl" ta3en ll1 and ded n +alfCanC+o)r. %t t+s dstance of t'e I cannot
dstnctl" re'e'ber 8+et+er t+e dates a&reed1 b)t '" '$resson s t+at s+e
+ad ded t+e da" I sa8 +er.
/%RY B%GOT.
/rs. Ba&ot5s da)&+ter1 /rs. 6ode+o)se1 sent 'e on 4ebr)ar" @t+1 *A@B1
t+e follo8n& corroboraton1 statn& t+at t+e E)otatons 8ere an e#act co$"
of t+e references to t+e do& n +er dar" for /arc+ .<t+ and .At+1 *AA;. It
8ll be obser2ed t+at t+ere s no $roof t+at t+e do& 8as seen on t+e da" of
ts deat+1 b)t t s clear t+at /rs. Ba&ot +ad not +eard of ts deat+ tll
after8ards.
?B C-E(TER (X:%RE1 (.6.
5Copy o$ *iary.6 2arch .<th, *AA;. 8aster 8ve (/entone).,ro2e
8t+ %. and $c3ed ane'ones. Lo2el" br&+t da". B)t '" +ead ac+ed too
')c+ to enDo" t. 6ent to bed after tea and read -ettner5s HRenassance.I
/a''a sa8 7)d"5s &+ost at table d5+bteZ9
2arch .Ath, Dednesday (/onte Carlo)./a''a and %. ca'e o2er
for t+e da". 7)d" dead1 $oor old dear.9
!OTE.I dstnctl" re'e'ber '" fat+er and 'ot+er and sster (/rs.
%l&ernon La8) and '" co)sn (/ss ,a8na") co'n& nto '" bedroo' all
la)&+n& and telln& 'e +o8 '" 'ot+er +ad seen 7)d" (blac3 and tan
terrer) r)nnn& across t+e roo' 8+lst t+e" 8ere at table d5+bte. /" 'ot+er
8as so $ost2e abo)t t1 t+at one of t+e ot+ers (I thinB '" fat+er) +ad as3ed
t+e 8ater f t+ere 8ere an" do&s n t+e +otel1 and +e +ad ans8ered n t+e
ne&at2e. I can fnd no f)rt+er 'enton of t+e t'e or da" of t+e do&5s deat+
n '" dar".
I 'a" also be 'sta3en n t+e da" on 8+c+ '" 'ot+er sa8 7)d"1 for
alt+o)&+ I )s)all" 8rte '" dar" e2er" e2enn&1 I so'et'es lea2e t for
t8o or t+ree da"s and t+en 8rte t n as best I can re'e'ber. B)t I
distincty re'e'ber l"n& n '" bed at /entone 8+en t+e" told 'e t+e
stor"1 and eE)all" clearl" I re'e'ber rece2n& t+e ne8s of 7)d"5s deat+ at
/onte Carlo.
%,EL% -. 6O,E-O:(E.
+i,LIL-
4or anot+er so'e8+at s'lar case1 see t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $.
.A@.
'+( A . :enera Criticism o$ the 8vidence $or Teepathy.Varo)s
$ossble so)rces of error and t+e &eneral canons of e2dence n t+e case of
s$ontaneo)s tele$at+" 8ere dsc)ssed f)ll" b" G)rne" n &hantasms o$ the
.iving, 2ol. . c+a$1 2.1 of 8+c+ t+e follo8n& s a bref abstract.
T+e 'ost &eneral obDecton to t+e e2dence s t+at all 'anner of false
belefs +a2e n t+er da" been able to ')ster n t+er s)$$ort a consderable
a'o)nt of e2dence1e2en ed)cated e2dence1')c+ of 8+c+ 8as
certanl" not consco)sl" fra)d)lentG t+e belef n 8tc+craft s a fa2o)rte
nstance. B)t an enor'o)s $ro$orton of t+e 8tc+ e2dence
*
conssted n
confessons e#tracted b" tort)re or nt'datonG n 'an" ot+er cases1 act)al
occ)rrences 8ere attrb)ted1 on no &ro)nds 8+ate2er1 to an" s)s$co)s
$ersons 8+o +a$$ened to be n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood. In t+e re'ann& cases
(*) t+e test'on" on 8+c+ t+e alle&ed facts 8ere bele2ed ca'e e#cl)s2el"
fro' t+e )ned)cated classesG and (.) t+e eas" acce$tance of t+s e2dence b"
betterCed)cated $ersons 8as d)e to t+e t+en al'ost )n2ersal &norance of
t+e $+eno'ena of +all)cnaton1 +"stera1 trance1 and +"$nots'. %s a res)lt
of t+s &norance1 t 8as t+o)&+t t+at t+ere 8ere onl" t8o alternat2e
nter$retatons of t+e e2denceJ 5a6 t+at t+e facts +a$$ened as alle&ed1 or 5b6
t+at t+e 8tnesses 8ere $ractsn& delberate fra)d. T+ere 8as1 of co)rse1
so'e fra)d1 b)t t+e fact t+at 'an" of t+e' &aned not+n& b)t s)ffern& for
t+er state'ents s+o8ed t+at t+e test'on" 8as on t+e 8+ole +onestl" &2en.
4ra)d ben& t+)s e#cl)ded1 t+e facts 8ere bele2ed &en)ne.
T+e $+eno'ena of 8tc+craft 8+c+ 8ere t+en $)t do8n to $ossesson9
can no8 be e#$laned b" +all)cnaton1 snce 8e 3no8 t+at s)bDect2e
+all)cnatons 'a" a$$ear absol)tel" real to t+e $erc$ent1 t+at t+e" 'a"
easl" be $rod)ced b" +"$notc s)&&eston (8+c+ 8as $robabl" often )sed
b" 8tc+es)1 and t+at t+e" are also freE)ent n s$ontaneo)s trance and
+"stera1 bot+ 8+c+ condtons are conta&o)s and no do)bt 8ere often
$resent. 6t+ re&ard to s)c+ 'ar2els as aeral rdes and transfor'atons nto
an'als1 t+ere s absol)tel" no frstC+and e2dencee2en fro' )ned)cated
$easantst+at t+ese 8ere act)all" 8tnessed. T+e e2dence reled on for
transfor'atons 8as )s)all" t+at t+e acc)sed $erson $ro2ed to +a2e so'e
bodl" +)rt on t+e da" t+e an'al assocated 8t+ +er +ad been 8o)nded.
T+ere are1 +o8e2er1 a fe8 cases recorded on reall" &ood a)t+ort" of t+e
a$$arent $ossesson of tele$at+c $o8ers b" t+e 8tc+es or t+er s)bDects.
!o stress can1 of co)rse1 be lad on t+s1 b)t t s note8ort+" t+at t+e onl"
cases of s)$$osed 'a&c 8t+ 8+c+ $ersons of sense and ed)caton see' at
t+e t'e to +a2e co'e nto close E)arters 8ere s'lar n +i,LIM- c+aracter
to cases for 8+c+ $ersons of sense and ed)caton are stll fo)nd to offer
t+er $ersonal test'on".
B)t n 8+ate2er l&+t t+ese resd)al cases are re&arded1 t+e &eneral
concl)son re'ans t+e sa'e1t+at t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ 8ere
c+aracterstc of 8tc+craft and 8+c+ are an acce$ted t"$e of e#$loded
s)$ersttons1 ne2er rested on t+e frstC+and test'on" of ed)cated and
ntell&ent $ersonsG and t+e s8ee$n& asserton 8+c+ s often 'ade t+at
s)c+ $ersons 8ere1 n t+er da"s1 8tnesses to t+e tr)t+ of t+ese abs)rdtes
needs1 t+erefore1 to be caref)ll" &)arded. 6+at t+e ed)cated and ntell&ent
bele2ers dd 8as to acce$t fro' ot+ers1 as e2dence of ob"ective facts1
state'ents 8+c+ 8ere reall" onl" e2dence of sub"ective facts1 t+e
necessar" 'eans of correcton not ben& 8t+n t+er reac+. T+ose 8+o 8ere
n an" drect sense 8tnesses to t+e facts 8ere n2arabl" $ersons nclned to
s)c+ belefs to be&n 8t+18+o +ad been bro)&+t )$ n t+e' and +ad
acce$ted t+e' as a 'atter of co)rse.
6+en 8e co'e to co'$are t+e e2dence for 8tc+craft 8t+ t+e 'odern
e2dence for tele$at+"1 t 8ll be seen t+at a 2er" lar&e n)'ber of o)r frstC
+and 8tnesses are ed)cated and ntell&ent $ersons1 b" no 'eans &enerall"
nclned before+and to ad't t+e realt" of t+e $+eno'enon1 nor e2en
nterested n t after8ards. T+e facts alle&ed are not connected 8t+ an"
s$ecal for' of rece2ed belefG for 8+le a$$artons of t+e dead +a2e been
bele2ed n 8del" fro' t+e earlest a&es1 t+e dea of a$$artons at t+e t'e
of deat+ or of sero)s crses n lfe +as no establs+ed 2o&)e1 t+o)&+
s$oradc nstances +a2e often been re$orted.
T+ere are1 not8t+standn&1 se2eral so)rces of error 8+c+ 'a" affect
t+e test'on" of +onest and ed)cated $ersons to e2ents t+at are bot+ )n)s)al
and of a sort )nreco&nsed b" conte'$orar" scence.
4rst1 as to errors of observationG t+ese can onl" relate to real obDects1
seen and 'snter$reted1 e.g. a real f&)re seen o)t of doors and at so'e
dstance 'a" be 8ron&l" reco&nsed1 and t+e $erson s)$$osed to +a2e been
seen 'a" +a$$en to +a2e ded on t+at da".
In 'ost cases1 +o8e2er1 t+e e#$erence s clearl" +all)cnator"1 and t+e
ne#t class of errorst+ose of in$erenceare t+erefore )n'$ortant. T+e
onl" E)eston s1not1 +o8 dd t+e 8tness nter$ret +s '$resson1 b)t1
8+at dd +e see' to +'self at t+e t'e to $erce2eW
Errors of narration and of memory 'a" be 'ore sero)s. %s to t+e
for'er1 t+ere s t+e tendenc" to e#a&&erate1to 'a3e t+e acco)nt &ra$+c
and $ct)resE)eG b)t t+s 8o)ld 2tate oral rat+er t+an 8rtten acco)nts1 and
as '&+t be e#$ected fro' &eneral e#$erenceaffects es$ecall" secondC
+and acco)nts.
Errors of memory are ')c+ 'ore dffc)lt for a t+oro)&+l" +onest
$erson to a2od1 snce 2er" fe8 are a8are of t+e )ntr)st8ort+ness of t+er
o8n 'e'or". T+s &norance ads )nconsco)s tendences to brn& e2ents
nto +ar'on" 8t+ one5s o8n belefs and o$nons8+et+er rel&o)s or
scentfcand 8t+ eac+ ot+erG to e#a&&erate t+e clearness and $recson
+i,LIN- of recollectons1 and to s'$lf" t+e'1 et+er b" brn&n& an" &ro)$
of e2ents nto a connected 8+ole or 'erel" b" dro$$n& so'e of t+e detals.
T+e total effect 'a" be an e#a&&eraton of t+e 'ar2ello)s ele'ents n a
stor"1 or occasonall" t+e re2erseG e.g. a 8a3n& +all)cnaton 'a" be
re'e'bered as a drea'.
-a2n& re2e8ed t+ese 2aro)s $ossble so)rces of error1 8e 'a" no8
$ass on to consder t+e canons of e2dence n t+e case of tele$at+". In a
t"$cal nstance of a tele$at+c $+eno'enon1 t+ere are t+ree $onts on 8+c+
nds$)table e2dence s reE)redJ (*) t+at t+e a&ent +as +ad an )n)s)al
e#$erence1sa"1 +as dedG (.) t+at t+e $erc$ent +as +ad an )n)s)al
e#$erence1 ncl)dn& a certan '$resson of t+e a&ent1sa"1 +as1 8+le
a8a3e1 +ad a 2son of t+e a&ent n t+e roo'G (;) t+at t+e t8o e2ents
concded
*
n t'e1 8+c+ '$les t+at t+er res$ect2e dates can be
acc)ratel" f#ed.
(*) Of t+e a&ent5s e#$erence1 e2dence nde$endent of t+e $erc$ent5s
state'ents can &enerall" be obtaned1 et+er fro' $rnted notces f +e +as
ded1 or1 f not1 fro' t+e 'an +'self. (.) T+e $erc$ent5s e#$erence
conssts n an '$resson affectn& +'self alone1 to 8+c+ t+erefore no one
else can bear drect 8tness. B)t f t+s '$resson s 'ade 3no8n at once to
so'e ot+er $erson1 so t+at t+e latter5s confr'aton 'a" date fro' a t'e
be$ore the condition o$ the agent #as Bno#n, s)c+ confr'aton s 2al)able
as ben& $ractcall" nde$endent of t+e $erc$ent. (;) E2dence s reE)red
t+at t+e e#$erences of t+e a&ent and $erc$ent +a$$ened on t+e sa'e da"1
.
snce t+e closeness of t+e concdence 'a" easl" be e#a&&erated n
'e'or"1 es$ecall" after t+e la$se of so'e t'e.
T+e 8ort+ of t+e e2dence of co)rse 2ares &reatl" n dfferent cases1 and
t+e e2dental condtons 'a" be s)''arsed accordn& to t+er 2al)e as
follo8sJ
%. 6+ere t+e e2ent 8+c+ befell t+e a&ent1 8t+ ts date1 s recorded n
$rnted notces1 or n conte'$orar" doc)'ents 8+c+ 8e +a2e e#a'nedG or
s re$orted to )s b" t+e a&ent +'self nde$endentl"1 or b" so'e
nde$endent 8tness or 8tnessesG and 8+ere
(*) T+e $erc$ent 56 'ade a 8rtten record of +s e#$erence1 8t+ ts
date1 at t+e t'e of ts occ)rrence1 8+c+ record 8e +a2e et+er seen or
ot+er8se ascertaned to be stll n e#stenceG or 56 before t+e arr2al of t+e
ne8s
;
'entoned +s e#$erence to one or 'ore $ersons1 b" 8+o' t+e +i,
LIO- fact t+at +e so 'entoned t s corroboratedG or () ''edatel"
ado$ted a s$ecal co)rse of acton on t+e stren&t+ of +s e#$erence1 as s
$ro2ed b" e#ternal e2dence1 doc)'entar" or $ersonal.
(.) T+e doc)'entar" e2dence 'entoned n (*) and (*) s alle&ed to
+a2e e#sted1 b)t +as not been accessble to o)r ns$ectonG or t+e
e#$erence s alle&ed to +a2e been 'entoned as n (*)1 or t+e acton ta3en
on t+e stren&t+ of t to +a2e been re'ar3ed as n (*)1 b)t o8n& to deat+ or
ot+er ca)ses1 t+e $erson or $ersons to 8+o' t+e e#$erence 8as 'entoned1
or b" 8+o' t+e acton 8as re'ar3ed1 can no lon&er corroborate t+e fact.
T+s second class of cases s $laced +ere for con2enence1 b)t s+o)ld
$robabl" ran3 belo8 t+e ne#t class. %t t+e sa'e t'e t+e fact t+at t+e
$erc$ent5s e#$erence 8as noted n 8rtn& b" +'1 or 8as co'')ncated
to anot+er $erson1 or 8as acted on1 before t+e arr2al of t+e ne8s1 s not one
8+c+ s at all s$ecall" l3el" to be )nconsco)sl" n2ented b" +'
after8ards.
(;) T+e $erc$ent dd not () 'a3e an" 8rtten record1 nor 56 'a3e
an" 2erbal 'enton of +s e#$erence )ntl after t+e arr2al of t+e ne8s1 b)t
t+en dd one or bot+G of 8+c+ fact 8e +a2e confr'aton.
T+s class s1 of co)rse1 as a r)le1 decdedl" nferor to t+e frst class. %t
t+e sa'e t'e1 cases occ)r )nder t n 8+c+ t+e ne8s 8as so ''edate t+at
t+e fact of t+e concdence co)ld onl" be '$)&ned b" re$resentn& t+e
8+ole stor" as an n2enton.
(<) T+e ''edate record or 'enton on t+e arr2al of t+e ne8s s
alle&ed to +a2e been 'ade1 b)t o8n& to loss of $a$ers1 deat+ of frends1 or
ot+er ca)ses1 cannot be confr'ed.
(?) T+e $erc$ent alle&es t+at +e re'ar3ed t+e concdence 8+en +e
+eard t+e ne8sG b)t no record or 'enton of t+e crc)'stance 8as 'ade
)ntl so'e t'e after8ards.
()c+ cases1 of co)rse1 ra$dl" lose an" 2al)e t+e" 'a" +a2e as t+e t'e
ncreases 8+c+ se$arates t+e acco)nt fro' t+e ncdent. (tll1 so'et'es 8e
+a2e been able to obtan t+e nde$endent e2dence of so'e one 8+o +eard
an acco)nt $re2o)s to t+e $resent re$ort to )sG or 8e +a2e o)rsel2es
obtaned t8o re$orts se$arated b" a consderable nter2al. %nd 8+ere a
co'$arson of acco)nts &2en at dfferent t'es s+o8s t+at t+e" do not 2ar"1
t+s s to so'e e#tent an ndcaton of acc)rac".
B. 6+ere t+e $erc$ent s o)r sole a)t+ort" for t+e nat)re and date of
t+e e2ent 8+c+ +e alle&es to +a2e befallen t+e a&ent.
In 'an" of t+ese cases1 t+e $erc$ent s also o)r sole a)t+ort" for +s
o8n e#$erenceG and t+e e2dence )nder t+s +ead 8ll t+en be 8ea3er t+an
n an" of t+e abo2e classes. B)t 8+ere 8e +a2e nde$endent test'on" of
t+e $erc$ent5s 'enton of t+e t8o e2ents1 and of t+er concdence1 soon
after t+er occ)rrence+e +a2n& been at t+e t'e n s)c+ crc)'stances
t+at +e 8o)ld nat)rall" 3no8 t+e nat)re and date of 8+at +ad befallen t+e
a&entt+e case 'a" ran3 as +&+er n 2al)e t+an so'e of t+ose of Class %
(?).
+i,LJP-
T+e anal"ss D)st &2en refers e#cl)s2el" to frstC+and e2dence1 t+at s1
e2dence n 8+c+ t+e 'an acco)nt co'es to )s drect fro' t+e $erc$ent.
T+ere s one1 and onl" one1 sort of secondC+and e2dence 8+c+ can on t+e
8+ole be $laced on a $ar 8t+ frstC+andG na'el"1 t+e e2dence of a $erson
8+o +as been nfor'ed of t+e e#$erence of t+e $erc$ent 8+le t+e latter
8as stll )na8are of t+e corres$ondn& e2entG and 8+o +as +ad eE)al
o$$ort)ntes 8t+ t+e $erc$ent for learnn& t+e tr)t+ of t+at e2ent1 and
confr'n& t+e concdence. T+e secondC+and 8tness5s test'on" n s)c+ a
case s E)te as l3el" to be acc)rate as t+e $erc$ent5s1 for t+o)&+ +s
'$resson of t+e act)al detals 8ll no do)bt be less 22d1 "et on t+e ot+er
+and +e 8ll not be )nder t+e sa'e te'$taton to e#a&&erate t+e force or
stran&eness of t+e '$resson n s)bseE)ent retros$ecton. T+e rs3s of error
n all ot+er secondC+and e2dence +a2e been so ab)ndantl" $ro2ed b"
e#$erence (so'e ll)stratons of t+s are &2en n t+s secton of c+a$ter 2.
of &hantasms, $$. *<@ to *?=) t+at t s better to lea2e t alto&et+er o)t of
consderaton1 and t+e &reat 'aDort" of t+e cases &2en n &hantasms are
frstC+and.
*
%s re&ards t+e acc)rac" of t+e records1 t+o)&+ t +as been $ossble to
dra8 )$ a sort of table of de&rees1 s)c+ a table affords1 of co)rse1 no fnal
crteron. Eac+ case ')st be D)d&ed on ts 'erts b" reference to a
consderable n)'ber of $onts. It s essental for D)d&'ent t+at t+e narrat2e
s+o)ld be &2en n t+e $erc$ent5s o8n 8ords1not con2erted nto secondC
+and e2dence b" ben& $ara$+rased. T+s $rnc$le +as been follo8ed
t+ro)&+o)t1 as 8ell as t+at of obtann&1 8+ene2er $ossble1 corroborat2e
e2dence of all sorts1 8+et+er fro' $r2ate so)rces1 $)blc notces1 or
offcal records.
4)rt+er1 a 2er" lar&e $ro$orton of t+e narrat2es n &hantasms +a2e
stood t+e test of crossCe#a'naton of t+e 8tnesses n $ersonal nter2e8s.
T+s $art of t+e n2est&aton 8as carred o)t b" t+e a)t+ors of t+e boo3 and
t+er collea&)es1 es$ecall" Professor and /rs. (d&8c31 and t &reatl"
added to t+er o8n confdence t+at t+e test'on" t+e" $)bls+ed ca'e fro'
tr)st8ort+" and ntell&ent 8tnesses. T+e $ractce of 'a3n& t+e $ersonal
acE)antance of t+e 8tnesses +as been contn)ed as far as $ossble 8t+ all
t+e best e2dence rece2ed snce b" t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+.
%not+er ar&)'ent for t+e &eneral tr)st8ort+ness of t+e e2dence s t+e
fact t+at a'd all t+er dfferences1 t+e cases $resent one &eneral
c+aracterstcan )n)s)al affecton of one $erson1 +a2n& no a$$arent
relaton to an"t+n& o)tsde +' e#ce$t t+e )n)s)al condton1 ot+er8se
)n3no8n to +'1 of anot+er $erson. T+s c+aracterstc &2es t+e' t+e +i,
LJG- a$$earance of a tr)e nat)ral &ro)$1 and n2ol2es t+e +"$ot+ess t+at t+e
facts1 f tr)l" stated1 are $robabl" d)e to a sn&le ca)se. It n2ol2es f)rt+er1 a
2er" stron& ar&)'ent t+at t+e facts are tr)l" statedG snce t s e#tre'el"
)nl3el"f all t+e acco)nts are erroneo)st+at t+e 2aro)s s)$$osed
errors of nference1 la$ses of 'e'or"1 and e#a&&eratons and $er2ersons of
narraton s+o)ld ss)e n a consstent bod" of e2dence1 $resentn& one 8ellC
defned t"$e of $+eno'enon1 free n e2er" case fro' e#crescences or
nconsstent feat)res1 and e#$lcable and co'$letel" e#$lcable b" one
eE)all" 8ellCdefned +"$ot+ess. 6+at s t+e l3el+ood t+at a n)'ber of
narrat2es1 f 8e ass)'e t+e' to +a2e d2er&ed n 2aro)s 8a"s fro' t+e
act)al facts1 s+o)ld t+)s con2er&e to a sn&le res)ltW 6e fnd t+at all of t+e'
sto$ s+ort at or 8t+n a &2en lnet+e lne ben& t+e e#act one )$ to 8+c+
a $artc)lar e#$lanaton1 not of t+e 8tnesses b)t of o)rs1 can be e#tended1
and be"ond 8+c+ t co)ld not be e#tended. Te'$tn& 'ar2els le f)rt+er on
'ar2els 8+c+ n t+e $o$)lar 2e8 are E)te as l3el" to be tr)e as t+e
facts act)all" re$orted1 and 8+c+ t+e &eneral tradtons of t+e s)bDect 8o)ld
connect 8t+ t+ose facts. B)t o)r re$orters one and all esc+e8 t+e'. To
ta3e1 for nstance1 t+e &ro)$ of cases 8+c+ t+e reader 8ll $robabl" fnd to
be t+e 'ost nterestn&1 as t s also t+e lar&est1 n o)r collecton
a$$artons at t+e t'e of deat+. 6+" s+o)ld not s)c+ a$$artons +old
$rolon&ed con2erse 8t+ t+e 8a3n& frendW 6+" s+o)ld t+e" not $rod)ce
physica effectss+ed tears on t+e $llo8 and 'a3e t 8et1 o$en t+e door
and lea2e t o$en1 or lea2e so'e tan&ble to3en of t+er $resenceW It s s)rel"
note8ort+" t+at 8e +a2e not +ad to reDect1 on &ro)nds l3e t+ese1 a sn&le
narrat2e 8+c+ on ot+er &ro)nds 8o)ld +a2e been ad'tted.
On t+e ot+er +and1 t+ese detals are fo)nd ab)ndantl" n secondC+and
cases1 and t+e" are $recsel" of t+e sort 8+c+ t+e tele$at+c +"$ot+ess
co)ld b" no $ossblt" be 'ade to co2er. T+e e#stence of s)c+ feat)res n
secondC+and narrat2es s+o8s +o8 8de s t+e $ossble ran&e of ncdents n
stores 8+ere ordnar" +)'an fac)ltes are alle&ed to +a2e been
transcended. Of t+s 8de feld1 t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e acton of 'nd on
'nd co2ers onl" a sn&le 8ellCdefned $orton. 6e can +ardl" s)$$ose1
t+en1 t+at f error 8ere 8del" at 8or3 n t+e case of o)r frstC+and e2dence1
ts res)lts 8o)ld al8a"s fall nsde and not o)tsde t+s 2er" l'ted area
s+o)ld all1 t+at s1 confor' to t+e $)rel" tele$at+c t"$e.
/ean8+le1 t s not1 of co)rse1 cla'ed t+at t+e e2dence s s)c+ as ')st
con2nce e2er" candd nE)rer1 and after settn& fort+ t+e standard desred1
and dsc)ssn& t+e force of t+at act)all" attaned1 8e 'a" $ass on to a
consderaton of so'e of t+e $rnc$al crtcs's t+at +a2e been drected
a&anst t+e latter.
'+( B . Contemporary *ocumentary 8vidence.(o'e attac3s 8ere
'ade on t+e &ro)nd of t+e scarct" of conte'$orar" doc)'entar" e2denceG
for nstance1 one b" /r. %. Ta"lor Innes1 n a $a$er enttled T+e Ps"c+cal
(ocet"5s G+osts19 n t+e Nineteenth Century for !o2e'ber +i,LJH- *A@*.
-e alle&ed t+at t+e nat)ral t+n& to do after 8tnessn& a 8rat+ or ot+er
nt'aton9 8o)ld be at once to $ost a letter nfor'n& so'e one of t1 and
obser2ed1 In all t+e 'ost '$ortant of t+e Ps"c+cal (ocet" stores of *AAB
8e +a2e one s)c+ letter alle&edso'et'es e2en t8o.9 T+e $rod)cton of
t+ese letters 8o)ld $ro2e t+e stores1 and 8t+ re&ard to so'e of t+e'1 f
s)c+ a letter e#sts1 8t+ contents and $ost'ar3 )nds$)ted1 t s 8ort+ a
t+o)sand &)neas n t+e 'ar3et.9 B)t1 +e stated1 t+ere 8as not one case n
8+c+ t+e edtors of &hantasms +ad seen or ascertaned a letter or
doc)'ent ss)ed at t+e t'e b" t+e narrator1 so as to $ro2e +s stor" to be
tr)e.9 (nce1 t+en1 n a lar&e $ro$orton of t+e cases1 conte'$orar"
doc)'ents +ad been alle&ed to +a2e been 8rtten1 t+e fact t+at none of t+e'
+ad been fort+co'n& s+o8ed1 +e 'antaned1 t+at t+e e2dence 8as
8ort+less.
/r. Innes5s state'ents 8ere 'sleadn& n t8o res$ectsJ(*) t+e" &a2e
a 2er" e#a&&erated '$resson of t+e $ro$orton of cases n 8+c+
doc)'entar" e2dence 8as alle&ed to +a2e e#stedG and (.) t 8as ncorrect
to sa" t+at s)c+ e2dence 8as not fort+co'n& n an" of t+e'.
T+e follo8n& s a lst of so'e of t+e cases a)t+entcated b" s)c+
e2denceJ
a. In &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. @;1 /r. (. -. B.G $. *>A1 /r. (.
-. B. (E)oted n ''))G $. *@=1 /r. Re)le'ans (E)oted n ''( A)G $.
*@@1 /r. 6n&feld (E)oted n +(9 C)G $. ..*1 a lad"1 na'e not
&2enG $. ;.<1 /r. (ladenG $. <>=1 /r. 7)3esG $. <.?1 /rs. T. (E)oted
n +())G $. ?.=1 /ss R. (E)oted n ''* A).
(bid. 2ol. . $. ;*1 /r. Gottsc+al3 (E)oted n ''( B )G $. *?<1 /r. 6.
(E)oted n +() D )G $. B@;1 /r. Teale.
In all t+ese cases1 t+e 8rtten note of t+e $erc$ent5s e#$erence1
'ade before ascertann& 8+et+er t 8as 2erdcal or not1 8as seen
b" one of t+e a)t+ors of &hantasms.
b. In t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;*1 /r. Ca'eron Grant (also
referred to n 2ol. 2. $. .*.1 and n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. .
$. BAA)G 2ol. #. $. <;*1 /r. GlardonG $. <;A1 /rs. C+aseG 2ol. #. $$.
.BA and .=>1 /rs. ,.
c. In t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. .B?1 /r. Bo"le (E)oted n +(3)G $.
.B=1 /r. -a'lton (E)oted n +(+)G 2ol. 2. $. .;@1 /r. !asc'ento
(E)oted n +(1 -)G 2ol. #. $. *;<1 /rs. Verrall.
d. In t+e &roceedings o$ the American S.&.7., 2ol. . $. ..B1 a lad"1
na'e not &2enG $. ..=1 /rs. T.G $. ;@?1 /r. 7.T.
In re$l" to /r. Innes5s s)&&eston of t+e co''ercal 2al)e of
doc)'entar" e2dence1 /r. Pod'ore (n t+e Nationa 7evie# for %$rl
*A@.) obser2ed t+at1 alt+o)&+ a 8ellCattested &+ost stor" 'a" be1 to ts
$ossessor1 of 'ore 2al)e t+an &old1 t s 2er" do)btf)l 8+et+er an
n2est&ator can afford to &2e s#$ence for t. T+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal
Researc+1 at an" rate1 earl" decded t+at t co)ld offer no re')neraton
8+ate2er to nfor'ants1 +oldn& t essental to a2od an" nd)ce'ent to t+e
$rod)cton of false or doctored e2dence.9 (It s ob2o)s1 of co)rse1 t+at
doc)'entar" +i,LJI- e2dence co)ld easl" be for&ed1 and rests t+erefore1
&enerall" s$ea3n&1 on t+e bona $ides of t+e 8tness. B)t s)$$osn& t+at t+e
8tness s not acc)sed of $ractsn& delberate fra)d1 b)t 'erel" of
re'e'bern& e2ents nacc)ratel"1 t+e 2al)e of t+e doc)'entar" e2dence
s'$l" les n ts nde$endence of +s 'e'or".)
/r. Pod'ore dsc)sses 2aro)s reasons 8+" letters or ot+er notes of t+e
occ)rrences s+o)ld seldo' be 'ade1 and 8+" onl" a s'all $ro$orton of
t+ose 'ade s+o)ld be $reser2ed1 and &oes on to &2e s# cases rece2ed
d)rn& t+e fe8 "ears snce t+e $)blcaton of &hantasms, n 8+c+ t+e
or&nal doc)'ents +ad been $reser2ed and seen.
T+e E)eston s dsc)ssed 'ore f)ll" n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.
(Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19 $$. ..>K..;)1 fro' 8+c+ I
E)ote a s+ort e#tract1 as follo8sJ
T+e '$ortance and 2al)e of conte'$orar" doc)'entar" e2dence for
tele$at+" 8as frst $onted o)t n &hantasms o$ the .iving (2ol. . $$. *;<K
*<=)1 and +as been constantl" and e'$+atcall" reterated b" t+ose 8+o are
8or3n& at $s"c+cal researc+1 8t+ t+e res)lt t+at1 n addton to 8+at
e#sted at t+e t'e &hantasms o$ the .iving 8as 8rtten1 t+e a'o)nt of t +as
snce been steadl"1 t+o)&+ slo8l" acc)')latn&. (o'e of t+e crtcs of t+e
(ocet"5s 8or3 +a2e ass)'ed t+at n a lar&e $ro$orton1 $robabl" abo)t one
n se2en1 of t+e cases 8+ere a sensor" +all)cnaton s e#$erenced1 t+e
$erc$ent 8o)ld at once 8rte a letter on t+e s)bDect to so'e frend1 and
t+at letters contann& s)c+ acco)nts 8o)ld1 n &eneral1 be caref)ll"
$reser2ed. T+e" +a2e accordn&l" 'antaned t+at t+e absence of
doc)'entar" e2dence n t+e &reat 'aDort" of cases constt)tes a positive
ar&)'ent a&anst t+e tele$at+c e#$lanaton. T+e force of t+s ar&)'ent
de$ends1 of co)rse1 $r'arl" on t+e freE)enc" 8t+ 8+c+ conte'$orar"
notes of $ossbl" tele$at+c ncdents are 'ade. 6e +a2e t+erefore
endea2o)red to obtan nfor'aton as to t+e cases n 8+c+ an" notes 8ere
ta3en at t+e t'e of t+e +all)cnator" e#$erence. 4ro' t+e nfor'aton
rece2ed1 t a$$ears t+at n <@ o)t of t+e *@<. cases recordedt+at s1 n ..?
$er cent.so'e note 8as 'ade1 or so'e letter 'entonn& t+e +all)cnaton
8rtten1 8t+n .< +o)rs of t+e occ)rrence1 and before 3no8n& 8+et+er t
8as concdental or not1 et+er b" t+e $erc$ent +'self1 or b" so'e $erson
8+o 8as told of t at t+e t'e. 6e +a2e ncl)ded n t+e <@ so'e cases n
8+c+ t s not E)te certan fro' t+e e#$ressons )sed 8+et+er o)r
nfor'ant 'eant t+at +e +ad 'ade a #ritten or a menta note of +s
e#$erence1 n order to obtan an o)tsde est'ate of t+e n)'ber of cases n
8+c+ conte'$orar" doc)'entar" e2dence of an" 3nd e2er e#sted.9
LOf t+ese <@ cases1 A 8ere +all)cnatons concdn& 8t+ deat+s (of
8+c+ B 8ere reco&nsed a$$artons)1 @ 8ere concdental 8t+ ot+er
e2ents1 and ;. 8ere nonCconcdental. 6t+ re&ard to t+e 3nds of
+all)cnatons1 .< o)t of t+e <@ 8ere reco&nsed a$$artons of l2n&
$ersons1 < of dead $ersons1 and @ ot+er 2s)al +all)cnatonsG *> 8ere
a)dtor" +i,LJJ- +all)cnatons1 and . tactle. T+e 8rters $roceed to &2e
reasons 8+" t+e a'o)nt of doc)'entar" e2dence s+o)ld be so s'all1 and
contn)eJM
Of t+e *= concdental cases 8+c+ 8ere noted at t+e t'e1 t+e note +as
been seen b" )s n t8o casesG
*
n a t+rd case a letter 8+c+ 8as 8rtten n
ans8er to one fro' t+e $erc$ent descrbn& +er e#$erence1 and 8+c+
establs+es t+e concdence1 +as been seen b" )sG n a fo)rt+ case 8e +a2e
rece2ed a co$" of a s'lar letterG and n f2e ot+er cases 8e +a2e e2dence
et+er fro' t+e $ersons 8+o rece2ed t+e letters1 or fro' t+ose 8+o
8tnessed t+e 'a3n& of t+e notesconfr'ator" of t+e $erc$ent5s
state'ent t+at t+e letters or notes 8ere 8rtten at t+e t'e.9
'+( C . 'aucinations and (usions o$ 2emory.%not+er '$ortant
obDecton 8as rased on t+e score of $ossble +all)cnatons of 'e'or" as to
t+e ncdents alle&ed. !o81 iusions o$ memorynacc)rate recollectons of
act)al e2entsare as fa'lar as ll)sons of t+e senses$erce$tons based
on 'snter$retatons of 'ateral obDects. It s also $ossble t+at t+ere 'a"
be haucinations o$ memoryor recollectons of e2ents t+at +a2e ne2er
reall" occ)rred at allanalo&o)s to sensor" +all)cnatons1 or $erce$tons
based on no 'ateral obDects. In t+e case of 'e'or"1 t s 2er" dffc)lt to
dra8 t+e lne n an" concrete nstance bet8een ll)son and +all)cnatonG
b)t t s '$ortant to reco&nse t+e t+eoretcal dstncton bet8een t+e t8o
t"$es and not to ass)'e 8t+o)t $roof t+at 8+at can be $redcated of one
t"$e necessarl" a$$les also to t+e ot+er.
T+e +"$ot+etcal $se)doC$resent'ents9 b" 8+c+ Professor 7. Ro"ce
atte'$ted to e#$lan a lar&e n)'ber of '$ressons re$orted as 2erdcal
belon& to t+e class of +all)cnatons of 'e'or". To E)ote +s o8n
descr$ton (see &roceedings o$ the American Society $or &sychica
7esearch, 2ol. . $. ;BB)J T+s +"$ot+ess s t+at n certan $eo$le1 )nder
certan e#ctn& crc)'stances1 t+ere occ)r 8+at I s+all +encefort+ call
pseudo,presentiments, i.e. 'ore or less nstantaneo)s and rresstble
+all)cnatons of 'e'or"1 8+c+ 'a3e t see' to one t+at so'et+n& 8+c+
no8 e#ctes or astons+es +' +as been $ref&)red n a recent drea'1 or n
t+e for' of so'e ot+er 8arnn&1 alt+o)&+ t+s see'n& s 8+oll"
)nfo)nded1 and alt+o)&+ t+e s)$$osed $ro$+ec" reall" s)cceeds ts o8n
f)lfl'ent.9 T+)s1 on +earn& of a deat+1 one '&+t t+n3 t+at one +ad D)st
drea't or +ad a $resent'ent of t. /e'bers of t+e sa'e fa'l" 8o)ld19 +e
s)&&ests1 be es$ecall" a$t to be s'larl" s)bDect to t+s for' of ll)son1
and t+en t+e sa'e ne8s 8o)ld s+o8 t+e' all t+e sa'e 'ra&e of 'e'or"1
8t+ startln& res)lts n t+e 8a" of Htele$at+cI e2dence.9 -e co'$ares t+s
8t+ t+e fa'lar ll)son of do)ble 'e'or"9 or t+e d;"> vu,t+e feeln&
t+at an e#$erence 8+c+ s ben& $assed t+ro)&+ s an e#act re$etton of
so'et+n& t+at +as +a$$ened before1t+o)&+ +e ad'ts +i,LJK- t+at t+s
latter ll)son &enerall" corrects tself at once.
*
T+e onl" $ost2e e2dence
bro)&+t for8ard n s)$$ort of t+e s)$$osed ne8 t"$e of ll)son s afforded
b" t8o cases E)oted fro' Professor E'l Rrae$eln (Archiv $Rr &sychiatrie,
2ol. #2. $. ;@=) of nsane $atents 8+o1 a'on& ot+er del)sons1 constantl"
fanced t+at 8+ate2er +a$$ened to t+e'1 or attracted t+er attenton1 +ad
alread" been $redcted to t+e'.
In re$l"1 G)rne" $onted o)t (*) t+at n recent cases 8+ere 8e +a2e
e2dence t+at t+e $erc$ent5s e#$erence 8as related to so'e one else before
t+e arr2al of t+e ne8s1 t+e +"$ot+ess of collect2e ll)son fals to acco)nt
for t+e dfference n t+e recollectons of t+e 8tnesses1one re'e'bern&
t+at +e +as +ad a certan '$resson1 and t+e ot+er t+at t+s '$resson +as
been related to +'. (.) Professor Ro"ce o'tted alto&et+er to consder t+e
t"$e of case 'ost '$ortant e2dentall"1 na'el"1 2erdcal sensor"
+all)cnatons. ()$$osn& t+at t+e ne8s of an e#ctn& e2ent +as so'e
tendenc" to $rod)ce t+e '$resson t+at one +ad 3no8n of t before1 t+s
8o)ld not s+o8 t+at t+e rece$t of ne8s1 sa"1 of t+e deat+ of a frend1 +ad
an" tendenc" to $rod)ce t+e '$resson of +a2n& recentl" seen an
a$$arton of t+e frend1 8+c+ dd not anno)nce1 or e2en s)&&est +s deat+.
4)rt+er1 t+e ass&n'ent of t+e s)$$osed recollecton to a $artc)lar t'e
constt)tes an essental dfference fro' t+e fa'lar ll)sons of do)ble
'e'or"19 8+c+ are E)te )nlocalsed n t'e.
/r. -od&son (see &roceedings o$ the American Society $or &sychica
7esearch, $. ?<.) $onts o)t f)rt+er t+at t+e +"$ot+ess can onl"8t+ an"
s+o8 of reasonbe a$$led to cases of certan 3nds1 na'el"1 re'ote cases1
and t+ose de$endn& onl" on t+e e2dence of t+e $erc$ent1 es$ecall"
8+ere t+e e#$erence s 'erel" a drea' or 'ental '$resson1 stll 'ore f t
s s)$$osed to fores+ado8 f)t)re e2ents1 or f t+e $erc$ent +as for&otten t
and s onl" re'nded of t b" rece2n& t+e ne8s.
T+e conce$ton of $se)doC$resent'ents9 +as been ado$ted1 &reatl"
e#tended1 and a$$led n a 8+olesale 'anner to t+e tele$at+c e2dence b"
E. Pars+.
.
-e fals alto&et+er to &ras$ t+e dstncton bet8een ll)sons of
'e'or"1 for 8+c+ t+ere s a'$le e2dence1 and +all)cnatons of 'e'or"1
for 8+c+ t+e e2dence s e#ceedn&l" 'ea&rerestn&1 n fact1 al'ost
entrel" on t+e rare 'orbd cases E)oted a&an fro' Rrae$eln. B"
$re'sn& bot+ $ost2e and ne&at2e defects of 'e'or"1 Pars+ ds$oses at
one blo8 of t+e ar&)'ent t+at a$$artons at t+e t'e of deat+ are
$ro$ortonatel" too n)'ero)s to be attrb)ted to c+anceG +e s'$l" s)$$oses
t+at nonCconcdental a$$artons are 2er" freE)ent1 b)t t+at al'ost all of
t+e' are $orgotten/ 8+le concdental ones +ardl" e2er reall" occ)r1 b)t are
often $asey remembered.
+i,LJL-
A priori s$ec)latons as to t+e 8or3n& of 'e'or" 8ll ob2o)sl" lead to
8+ate2er concl)son t s desred to s)$$ort. B)t $ost2e e2dence s 'ore
8ort+" of sero)s consderaton1 and t s $ossble to obtan t+s b"
co'$arn& t+e recollectons of t+e sa'e $erson at dfferent t'es1 and also
b" co'$arn& t+e recollectons of dfferent $ersons. T+e &reat 'ass of
records collected b" t+e (.P.R. +a2e been e#a'ned b" t+er n2est&ators
8t+ t+s s$ecal end n 2e8. In $artc)lar1 t+e st)d" of one '$ortant t"$e
of cases (see T+e Possbltes of /alCobser2aton and La$se of /e'or"
fro' a Practcal Pont of Ve8J Introd)cton19 b" R. -od&sonG
E#$er'ental In2est&aton19 b" (. 7. ,a2e"G &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$$. ;A*K<@?) +as s+o8n 8+at 3nds of error occ)r n act)al e#$erence.
/an" e2ents are fo)nd to be absol)tel" for&ottenG t+e blan3 n 'e'or" 'a"
be flled b" conDect)red detals1 or 'a" close )$1 so t+at e2ents reall"
se$arated b" an nter2al of t'e 'a" be re'e'bered as occ)rrn& close
to&et+erG a detal after8ards re'e'bered 'a" be nter$olated n a recordG or
an e2ent occ)rrn& at one t'e 'a" be re'e'bered as occ)rrn& at anot+er.
%ll t+ese are errors of o'sson1 e#a&&eraton1 or dstorton of a &enerall"
t+o)&+ 'ore or less 2a&)el"reco&nsed 3ndG b)t fe8 $ersons 8+o +a2e
not 'ade a s$ecal st)d" of t+e s)bDect realse t+e e#tent to 8+c+ test'on"
s 2tated b" t+e'. ()c+ false 'e'ores are ll)sons1 8+c+ de2elo$ and
consoldate &rad)all" as t'e &oes on. B)t n2est&aton of t+e e#$erences
of sane $ersons +as not re2ealed an" nstances of Professor Ro"ce5s
+"$ot+etcal +all)cnatons of 'e'or" 8+c+ arse nstantaneo)sl" n a
co'$le# and f)ll" elaborated for'.
Ill)sons of 'e'or" +a2e also been st)ded fro' t+e $ont of 2e8 of
t+er bearn& on t+e s)bDect of +"$notc cr'es9 (see ,,, A)1 stress +a2n&
been lad es$ecall" on t+e faclt" 8t+ 8+c+ +"stercal or 8ea3C'nded
$ersons 'a" be 'ade to 'a&ne1 or 'a" s$ontaneo)sl" 'a&ne1 t+at t+e"
+a2e 8tnessed fctto)s occ)rrences1 and 'a" t+)s be bro)&+t to bear false
8tness. Bern+e' also fo)nd t+at b" +"$notc s)&&eston +e co)ld $rod)ce
act)al +all)cnatons of 'e'or" n a fe8 s$ecall" s)sce$tble s)bDects. B)t
t+ese cases1 a&an1 are ob2o)sl" not co'$arable 8t+ Professor Ro"ce5s
$se)doC$resent'ents19 8+c+ are s)$$osed to arse s)ddenl" and
s$ontaneo)sl" n $ersons n a nor'al condton.
'+, A . T+e follo8n& case of re$eated a$$artons s ta3en fro'
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. A.1 t+e acco)nt ben& &2en b" t+e Re2.
T. L. 6lla's1 2car of Port+le2en1 near -elston.
August *st, *AA<.
(o'e "ears a&o (I cannot &2e "o) an" date1 b)t "o) 'a" rel" on t+e
facts)1 on one occason 8+en I 8as absent fro' +o'e1 '" 8fe a8o3e one
'ornn&1 and to +er s)r$rse and alar' sa8 '" mA standn& b" t+e
bedsde loo3n& at +er. In +er fr&+t s+e co2ered +er face 8t+ t+e
bedclot+es1 and 8+en s+e 2ent)red to loo3 a&an t+e a$$earance 8as &one.
On anot+er occason1 8+en I 8as not absent fro' +o'e1 '" 8fe 8ent one
e2enn& to 8ee3Cda" e2enson&1 and on &ettn& to t+e c+)rc+"ard &ate1
8+c+ s abo)t fort" "ards or so fro' t+e +i,LJM- c+)rc+ door1 s+e sa8 'e1
as s+e s)$$osed1 co'n& fro' t+e c+)rc+ n s)r$lce and stole. I ca'e a
lttle 8a"1 s+e sa"s1 and t)rned ro)nd t+e corner of t+e b)ldn&1 8+en s+e
lost s&+t of 'e. T+e dea s)&&ested to +er 'nd 8as t+at I 8as co'n& o)t
of t+e c+)rc+ to 'eet a f)neral at t+e &ate. I 8as at t+e t'e n c+)rc+ n '"
$lace n t+e c+or1 8+ere s+e 8as ')c+ s)r$rsed to see 'e 8+en s+e
entered t+e b)ldn&. I +a2e often endea2o)red to s+a3e '" 8fe5s belef n
t+e realt" of +er +a2n& seen 8+at s+e t+n3s s+e sa8. In t+e for'er case I
+a2e told +er1 Yo) 8ere onl" +alf a8a3e and $er+a$s drea'n&.9 B)t s+e
al8a"s confdentl" asserts t+at s+e 8as broad a8a3e1 and s E)te certan
t+at s+e sa8 'e. In t+e latter case s+e s eE)all" confdent.
/" da)&+ter also +as often told 'e1 and no8 re$eats t+e stor"1 t+at one
da"1 8+en l2n& at +o'e before +er 'arra&e1 s+e 8as $assn& '" st)d"
door1 8+c+ 8as aDar1 and loo3ed n to see f I 8as t+ere. (+e sa8 'e sttn&
n '" c+ar1 and as s+e ca)&+t s&+t of 'e I stretc+ed o)t '" ar's1 and
dre8 '" +ands across '" e"es1 a fa'lar &est)re of 'ne1 t a$$ears. I 8as
not n t+e +o)se at t+e t'e1 b)t o)t n t+e 2lla&e. T+s +a$$ened 'an"
"ears a&o1 b)t '" 8fe re'e'bers t+at '" da)&+ter 'entoned t+e
crc)'stance to +er at t+e t'e.
!o8 not+n& 8+ate2er occ)rred at or abo)t t+e t'es of t+ese
a$$earances to &2e an" 'eann& to t+e'. I 8as not ll1 nor +ad an"t+n&
)n)s)al +a$$ened to 'e. I cannot $retend to offer an" e#$lanaton1 b)t
s'$l" state t+e facts as told 'e b" $ersons on 8+ose 8ords I can de$end.
T+ere s one ot+er t+n& 8+c+ I 'a" as 8ell 'enton. % &ood 'an"
"ears a&o t+ere 8as a 2er" de2o)t "o)n& 8o'an l2n& n '" $ars+1 8+o
)sed to s$end ')c+ of +er s$are t'e n c+)rc+ n 'edtaton and $ra"er.
(+e )sed to assert t+at s+e freE)entl" sa8 'e standn& at t+e altar1 8+en I
8as certanl" not t+ere n t+e bod". %t frst s+e 8as alar'ed1 b)t after
seen& t+e a$$earance a&an and a&an s+e ceased to feel an"t+n& of terror.
(+e s no8 a (ster of /erc" at -onol)l).
T-O/%( LOCRYER 6ILLI%/(.
LT+e crc)'stances1 and t+e freE)enc"1 of t+e t+rd $erc$ent5s
e#$erences decdedl" fa2o)r t+e 2e8 t+at t+e" 8ere 'erel" s)bDect2e.M
/rs. 6lla's 8rtesJ
1une .>th, *AA?.
%s reE)ested1 I 8rte to tell "o) 8+at I sa8 on t8o occasons. I a' sorr"
t+at I a' )nable to &2e "o) t+e dates1 e2en a$$ro#'atel"1 as 'an" "ears
+a2e $assed snce I +ad t+e e#$erences referred to. On one occason '"
+)sband 8as absent n (o'ersets+re1 and on 8a3n& one 'ornn& I
dstnctl" sa8 +' standn& b" '" bedsde. I 8as ')c+ alar'ed1 and
nstnct2el" co2ered '" face 8t+ t+e bedclot+es. /" frends +a2e often
tred to $ers)ade 'e t+at I 8as not broad a8a3e1 b)t I a' E)te certan t+at I
8as1 and t+at I reall" sa8 '" +)sband5s a$$earance.
T+e ot+er occason 8as on a certan e2enn& I 8as &on& to c+)rc+1 and
on &ettn& to t+e c+)rc+"ard &ate1 8+c+ s abo)t t8ent" "ards fro' t+e door
of t+e c+)rc+1 I sa8 '" +)sband co'e o)t of t+e c+)rc+ n +s s)r$lce1
8al3 a lttle 8a" to8ards 'e1 and t+en t)rn off ro)nd t+e c+)rc+. I t+o)&+t
not+n& of t )ntl on entern& t+e c+)rc+ I 8as startled at seen& +' n +s
$lace n t+e c+or1 abo)t to cond)ct t+e ser2ce. It 8as t+en broad da"l&+t1
and I a' E)te s)re t+at I sa8 t+e a$$earance. !ot+n& 8+ate2er occ)rred
after et+er of t+ese a$$earances1 and1 of co)rse1 I can n no 8a" acco)nt for
t+e'.
E//% 6ILLI%/(.
+i,LJN-
LIn re$l" to t+e E)eston 8+et+er +s 8fe or da)&+ter +ad e2er
e#$erenced an" ot+er +all)cnaton of t+e senses1 /r. 6lla's re$les
confdentl" n t+e ne&at2e.M
(ee also a case &2en n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. A;.
'+, B . T+e ne#t acco)nt (E)oted fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. .
$. A?) s fro' /rs. (tone1 of (+)te -a"e1 6aldtc+1 Brd$ort1 and 8as
8rtten n *AA;.
On t+ree occasons1 eac+ t'e b" dfferent $ersons1 I +a2e been seen
8+en not $resent n t+e bod". T+e frst nstance t+at I 8as t+)s seen 8as b"
'" ssterCnCla81 8+o 8as sttn& )$ 8t+ 'e1 t+e n&+t after t+e brt+ of '"
frst c+ld. (+e loo3ed to8ards t+e bed 8+ere I 8as slee$n&1 and dstnctl"
sa8 'e and '" do)bleG t+e frst '" nat)ral bod"1 t+e second s$rt)alsed
and fanterG se2eral t'es s+e s+)t +er e"es1 b)t on o$enn& t+e' t+ere 8as
stll t+e sa'e a$$earance1 and t+e 2son onl" faded a8a" after so'e lttle
t'e. (+e t+o)&+t t a s&n of '" deat+. I dd not +ear of t for 'an" 'ont+s.
T+e second nstance 8as b" '" neceG s+e 8as sta"n& 8t+ )s at
,orc+ester. It 8as rat+er earl" on a s$rn& 'ornn&G s+e o$ened +er
bedroo' door1 and sa8 'e ascendn& t+e fl&+t of ste$s o$$oste +er roo'1
f)ll" dressed n t+e 'o)rnn& blac3 &o8n1 8+te collar1 and ca$1 8+c+ I
8as t+en 8earn& for '" 'ot+erCnCla8. (+e dd not s$ea31 b)t sa8 'e1 as
s+e t+o)&+t1 &o nto t+e n)rser". %t brea3fast s+e sad to +er )ncle1 /"
a)nt 8as )$ earl" t+s 'ornn&G I sa8 +er &o nto t+e n)rser".9 O+ no1
7ane19 '" +)sband ans8ered1 s+e 8as not 2er" 8ell1 and s &on& to +a2e
+er brea3fast before co'n& do8n.9
T+e t+rd nstance 8as t+e 'ost re'ar3able. 6e +ad a s'all +o)se at
6e"'o)t+1 8+ere 8e occasonall" 8ent for t+e sea. % /rs. (a'8a"s
8ated on )s 8+en t+ere1 and too3 care of t+e +o)se n o)r absenceG s+e 8as
a nce E)et 8o'an1 t+oro)&+l" tr)st8ort+"1 t+e a)nt of '" dear old ser2ant
Rtt" Balston1 t+en l2n& 8t+ )s at ,orc+ester. (+e +ad 8rtten to +er a)nt
t+e da" before t+e 2son occ)rred1 telln& +er of t+e brt+ of '" "o)n&est
c+ld1 and t+at I 8as &on& on 8ell. T+e ne#t n&+t /rs. (a'8a"s 8ent to a
'eetn&C+o)se1 near Clarence B)ldn&sG s+e 8as a Ba$tst. Before lea2n&1
s+e loc3ed an nner door leadn& nto a s'all co)rt"ard be+nd t+e +o)se1
and t+e streetCdoor after +er1 carr"n& bot+ 3e"s n +er $oc3et. On +er ret)rn1
)nloc3n& t+e streetCdoor1 s+e $erce2ed a l&+t at t+e end of t+e $assa&e1
and on &on& nearer sa81 as s+e t+o)&+t1 t+e "ardCdoor o$en. T+e l&+t
s+o8ed t+e "ard and e2er"t+n& n t1 b)t n t+e 'dst s+e clearl" reco&nsed
'e1 n 8+te &ar'ents1 loo3n& 2er" $ale and 8orn. (+e 8as terrbl"
fr&+tened1 r)s+ed nto a ne&+bo)r5s +o)se (Ca$tan Co)rt5s)1 and dro$$ed
n t+e $assa&e. %fter reco2ern&1 Ca$tan Co)rt 8ent 8t+ +er nto t+e
+o)se1 8+c+ 8as e#actl" as s+e +ad left t1 and t+e "ardCdoor sec)rel"
loc3ed. I 8as ta3en 2er" fant abo)t t+e sa'e t'e1 and ln&ered for 'an"
8ee3s1 +o2ern& bet8een lfe and deat+.
*
+i,LJO-
Professor (d&8c3 2sted /rs. (tone1 and after t+oro)&+l" E)estonn&
+er on +er narrat2e1 +e 8rote ((e$te'ber .;1 *AA<)J
(+e certanl" )nderstands t+oro)&+l" t+e '$ortance of acc)rac". (+e
sad s+e +ad +eard of +er a$$arton drect fro' t+e seers1 n t+e frst t8o
cases 'entoned. (+e +ad ne2er +eard of +er ssterCnCla8 +a2n& +ad an"
ot+er +all)cnaton before t+s t'e (*A;;) or after8ards1 )ntl 2er" latel"1
8+en s+e +as +ad an a$$arton of a dead $erson. (+e s old1 and /rs. (tone
s )n8lln& to tro)ble +er on t+e 'atter. !or does s+e t+n3 t+at +er nece1
7ane (t)dle" (8+o s dead)1 e2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton. %s re&ards t+e
t+rd nstance1 /rs. (tone onl" +eard t after +er reco2er"1 fro' Rtt"
Balston1 8+ose acco)ntas re$eated b" /rs. (tone8as t+at /rs. (tone
8as ta3en ll n t+e e2enn&1 or rat+er D)st before t+e e2enn&1 and 8as E)te
)nconsco)s at t+e t'e 8+en s+e 8as seen b" /rs. (a'8a"s.
'+, C . Ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. @*. T+e acco)nt
co'es fro' Ca$tan %. (. Bea)'ont1 of * Crescent Road1 (o)t+ !or8ood
Par3J
9ebruary .<th, *AA?.
%bo)t (e$te'ber *A=;1 8+en '" fat+er 8as l2n& at ?= In2erness
Terrace1 I 8as sttn& one e2enn&1 abo)t A.;> P./.1 n t+e lar&e dnn&Croo'.
%t t+e table1 facn& 'e1 8t+ t+er bac3s to t+e door1 8ere seated '" 'ot+er1
sster1 and a frend1 /rs. 6. ()ddenl" I see'ed to see '" 8fe b)stln& n
t+ro)&+ t+e door of t+e bac3 dnn&Croo'1 8+c+ 8as n 2e8 fro' '"
$oston. (+e 8as n a mauve dress. I &ot )$ to 'eet +er1 t+o)&+ ')c+
astons+ed1 as I bele2ed +er to be at Tenb". %s I rose1 '" 'ot+er sad1
6+o s t+atW9 not (I t+n3) seen& an" one +erself1 b)t seen& t+at I dd. I
e#cla'ed1 6+"1 t5s Carr"19 and ad2anced to 'eet +er. %s I ad2anced t+e
f&)re dsa$$eared. On nE)r"1 I fo)nd t+at '" 8fe 8as s$endn& t+at
e2enn& at a frend5s +o)se1 n a 'a)2e dress1 8+c+ I +ad 'ost certanl"
ne2er seen. I +ad ne2er seen +er dressed n t+at colo)r. /" 8fe recollected
t+at at t+at t'e s+e 8as tal3n& 8t+ so'e frends abo)t 'e1 ')c+
re&rettn& '" absence1 as t+ere 8as &on& to be dancn&1 and I +ad $ro'sed
to $la" for t+e'. I +ad been )ne#$ectedl" detaned n London.
%LE0. (. BE%:/O!T.
T+e follo8n& corroboraton s fro' t+e frend 8+o 8as $resentJ
** GRO(VE!OR (TREET1 6.1
2arch Kth, *AA?.
%s far as I can recollect1 Ca$tan Bea)'ont 8as sttn& tal3n&1 8+en +e
loo3ed )$1 and &a2e a start. -s 'ot+er as3ed +' 8+at 8as t+e 'atter. -e
re$led1 I sa8 '" 8fe 8al3 across t+e end of t+e roo'1 b)t t+at s not+n&G
s+e often a$$ears to $eo$leG +er ser2ants +a2e seen +er se2eral t'es.9 T+e
roo' 8e 8ere n 8as a do)ble dnn&Croo'1 one end 8as lt 8t+ &as1 and
t+e +i,LKP- ot+er1 8+ere /rs. Bea)'ont a$$eared1 8as co'$arat2el" dar3.
!o one else sa8 +er e#ce$t +er +)sband. /rs. Bea)'ont 8as at t+e t'e n
6ales1 and t+s +a$$ened n In2erness Terrace1 Ba"s8ater.
4LORE!CE 6-IP-%/.
/rs. Bea)'ont sa"sJ
I dstnctl" re'e'ber +earn& fro' '" +)sband1 et+er t+e ne#t da" or
t+e second da" after +s e#$erenceG and n +s letter +e as3ed1 6+at 8ere
"o) don& at s)c+ an +o)r on s)c+ a n&+tW9 I 8as able to recall t+at I 8as
standn& n a &ro)$ of frends1 and t+at 8e 8ere re&rettn& +s absence. I
8as n a 'a)2e dress1 8+c+ I a' confdent t+at +e co)ld ne2er +a2e seen.
C. BE%:/O!T.
Ca$tan Bea)'ont adds t+at +e +as ne2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton of
t+e senses e#ce$t on t+e occason ne#t descrbed. T+s ot+er case1 n 8+c+
t+e sa'e a&ent and $erc$ent 8ere concerned1 and a t+rd case a$$ended to
t1 8o)ld be E)te 8t+o)t e2dental 2al)e f t+e" stood aloneG b)t t+e" are
of nterest n connecton 8t+ t+e fore&on& stron&er e#a'$le.
9ebruary .<th, *AA?.
In *A=* I 8as sta"n& at !orton -o)se1 Tenb"1 for t+e frst t'e1 and
+ad D)st &one to bed1 and 8as 8de a8a3e. I +ad t+e candle on '" r&+t
sde1 and 8as readn&. %t t+e foot of t+e bed and to t+e r&+t 8as a door1
8+c+ 8as loc3ed1 and1 as I learnt after8ards1 $asted )$ on t+e ot+er sde.
T+ro)&+ t+s I sa8 t+e f&)re of '" f)t)re 8fe (t+e lad" of t+e +o)se)
enter1 dra$ed n 8+te fro' +ead to foot. Oddl" eno)&+1 I 8as not s$ecall"
startled. /" dea 8as t+at so'e one 8as ll1 and t+at s+e +ad co'e to &et
so'et+n& o)t of t+e roo'. I a2erted '" +ead1 and 8+en I loo3ed )$ a&an
t+e a$$arton 8as &one. I s)$$ose t+at I sa8 t for t8o or t+ree seconds.
%LE0. (. BE%:/O!T.
/rs. Bea)'ont sa"sJ
9ebruary .<th, *AA?.
In *A=.1 t8o or t+ree 'ont+s after '" 'arra&e1 Ca$tan Bea)'ont and
I ret)rned fro' London to Tenb". I 8ent )$ nto '" dressn&Croo' and
&a2e t+e 3e"s of '" l)&&a&e to '" ser2ant1 Ellen Bassett. I 8as standn&
before t+e loo3n&C&lass 8t+ '" bac3 t)rned to +er1 and I +eard +er )tter a
lttle s+ar$ cr". I t)rned ro)nd1 sa"n&1 6+at5s t+e 'atterW9 and sa8 +er
8t+ '" n&+tca$ n +er +and. (+e sad1 O+1 not+n&1 not+n&19 and I 8ent
do8nstars. T+e da" after1 '" +)sband sa8 +er ta3n& off t+e $a$er 8+c+
$asted )$ t+e door bet8een '" bedroo' and t+e dressn&Croo'. -e sad1
6+at are "o) don&W9 (+e sad s+e 8as o$enn& t+at door. -e sad1 6+"1
t+e frst n&+t t+at I sle$t n t+s +o)se1 I sa8 "o)r 'stress 8al3 t+ro)&+
t+at door.9 (I ')st e#$lan t+at Ca$tan Bea)'ont +ad been a &)est n t+s
+o)se on a &ood 'an" occasons before o)r 'arra&e. On t+e occason
'entoned1 +e +ad 'a&ned t+at $er+a$s so'e one 8as ll n t+e +o)se1 and
t+at I +ad entered +s roo' to &et so'et+n&1 t+n3n& +' s)re to be
aslee$.) T+en t+e 'ad told +' t+at s+e +ad seen 'e t+e n&+t before 8e
ca'e +o'es+e dd not 3no8 e#actl" 8+at da" 8e 8ere co'n&1 and +ad
been slee$n& n t+e sa'e bed as +e +ad been n 8+en +e sa8 'e. (+e 8as
D)st &on& to ste$ nto bed 8+en s+e sa8 'e enter t+ro)&+ t+e door19 8t+ a
n&+tca$ on1 and a candle +i,LKG- n '" +and. (+e 8as so terrfed t+at s+e
r)s+ed o)t of t+e roo' b" t+e ot+er door1 and told t+e ot+er ser2ants s+e 8as
s)re I 8as dead. T+e" co'forted +er as 8ell as t+e" co)ld1 b)t s+e 8o)ld
not ret)rn to t+e roo'. T+e ca)se of +er cr"n& o)t1 8+en I +eard +er do so1
8as t+at1 n )n$ac3n&1 s+e reco&nsed t+e dentcal n&+tca$ t+at t+e
a$$arton +ad 8orn. T+e c)ro)s $ont s t+at t+e n&+tca$ 8as one t+at I
+ad bo)&+t n London1 and +ad not 'entoned to +er1 and 8as $erfectl"
)nl3e an" t+at I +ad e2er 8orn before. It +ad t+ree frlls. I +ad been
acc)sto'ed to 8ear n&+tca$s of colo)red ')sln 8t+o)t frlls.
T+e sa'e ser2ant1 so'e 'ont+s after t+e n&+tca$ ncdent1 8ent nto
t+e 3tc+en and sad to t+e ot+er ser2ants1 6e s+all +a2e ne8s of 'ss)s
toda"G I52e D)st seen +er standn& n t+e dnn&Croo' doorG s+e +ad on a
blac3 2el2et bonnet and blac3 cloa3.9 (6e +ad been n London so'e
8ee3s.) T+s occ)rred abo)t @ o5cloc3 %./. %bo)t *>.;> s+e rece2ed a
tele&ra' fro' )s to sa" 8e s+o)ld be +o'e t+at e2enn&G t+e tele&ra' 8as
sent fro' Paddn&ton (taton as 8e 8ated for o)r tran. T+e bonnet and
cloa3 +ad been bo)&+t n to8n 8t+o)t +er 3no8led&e.
T+e 'ad 8as 8t+ 'e for "ears1 and 8as certanl" not ner2o)s or
+"stercal. I +a2e no8 $arted 8t+ +er for so'e "ears.
C. BE%:/O!T.
'+, D . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *.@. T+e case s recorded b"
t+e /sses -. /. and L. Bo)rne.
%ddtonal e2dence of t+e +all)cnator" c+aracter of t+e f&)re seen s
afforded b" t+e detals +a2n& been 'ore clearl" dscernble t+an t+ose of a
real f&)re at t+e sa'e dstance 8o)ld +a2e been1 and also b" t+e second
a$$earance1 8+ere t+e $erc$ent +ad t+e '$resson of ben& trans$orted to
a dfferent scene.
/ss L. Bo)rne 8rtesJ
On 4ebr)ar" ?t+1 *AA=1 '" fat+er1 sster1 and I 8ent o)t +)ntn&. %bo)t
t+e 'ddle of t+e da" '" sster and I decded to ret)rn +o'e 8t+ t+e
coac+'an1 8+le '" fat+er 8ent on. (o'ebod" ca'e and s$o3e to )s1 and
dela"ed )s for a fe8 'o'ents. %s 8e 8ere t)rnn& to &o +o'e1 8e
dstnctl" sa8 '" fat+er1 8a2n& +s +at to )s and s&nn& )s to follo8 +'.
-e 8as on t+e sde of a s'all +ll1 and t+ere 8as a d$ bet8een +' and )s.
/" sster1 t+e coac+'an1 and '"self all reco&nsed '" fat+er1 and also t+e
+orse. T+e +orse loo3ed so drt" and s+a3en t+at t+e coac+'an re'ar3ed +e
t+o)&+t t+ere +ad been a nast" accdent. %s '" fat+er 8a2ed +s +at I
clearl" sa8 t+e Lncoln and Bennett 'ar3 nsde1 t+o)&+ fro' t+e dstance
8e 8ere a$art t o)&+t to +a2e been )tterl" '$ossble for 'e to +a2e seen
t. %t t+e t'e I 'entoned seen& t+e 'ar3 n t+e +at1 t+o)&+ t+e
stran&eness of seen& t dd not str3e 'e tll after8ards.
4earn& an accdent1 8e +)rred do8n t+e +ll. 4ro' t+e nat)re of t+e
&ro)nd 8e +ad to lose s&+t of '" fat+er1 b)t t too3 )s 2er" fe8 seconds to
reac+ t+e $lace 8+ere 8e +ad seen +'. 6+en 8e &ot t+ere1 t+ere 8as no
s&n of +' an"8+ere1 nor co)ld 8e see an" one n s&+t at all. 6e rode
abo)t for so'e t'e loo3n& for +'1 b)t co)ld not see or +ear an"t+n& of
+'. 6e all reac+ed +o'e 8t+n a E)arter of an +o)r of eac+ ot+er. /"
fat+er t+en told )s +e +ad ne2er been n t+e feld1 nor near t+e feld1 n 8+c+
+i,LKH- 8e t+o)&+t 8e sa8 +'1 t+e 8+ole of t+at da". -e +ad ne2er 8a2ed
to )s1 and +ad 'et 8t+ no accdent.
/" fat+er 8as rdn& t+e onl" 8+te +orse t+at 8as o)t t+at da".
LO:I(% BO:R!E.
-. /. BO:R!E.
T+e second s&nat)re 8as added later1 8t+ t+e 8ordsJ T+s 8as 8rtten
b" '" sster and 'e to&et+er.9
/ss -. /. Bo)rne enclosed t+e abo2e n t+e follo8n& letter to /rs.
,ent1 to 8+o' 8e are ndebted for t+e caseJ
6E(TO! (:BE,GE1 BRO%,6%Y1 6ORCE(TER(-IRE1
2ay HGst, *A@*.
/Y ,E%R /R(. ,E!T1Lo)sa +as as3ed 'e to send "o) t+e enclosed
acco)nt of t+e '$resson s+e1 t+e coac+'an1 and I +ad of seen& $a$a on
Padd" n t+e +)ntn&Cfeld. It 8as on t+e ?t+ 4ebr)ar" *AA= t +a$$ened1 and
n /arc+ t+e sa'e "ear1 8+en I 8as o)t 8al3n& alone1 I t+o)&+t I sa8 $a$a
and Padd" sto$ at a lttle $lantaton of +s close to1 and loo3 at t+e 8all1
8+c+ +ad fallen n LnM one $art. -e t+en a$$eared to rde a fe8 "ards
to8ards 'e1 b)t after8ards t)rned ro)nd and 8ent bac3 $ast t+e $lantaton
and o)t of s&+t. 6+en I 8ent n I as3ed +' f +e +ad not seen 'e1 and 8+"
+e t)rned bac31 8+en t trans$red +e +ad not been $ast t+at $lantaton all
da"1 b)t +ad rdden +o'e anot+er 8a". -e sad t ')st +a2e been so'e one
else on a 8+te +orse1 and as3ed 8+ere I 8as 8+en I sa8 +'1 and t+en1 not
before1 t da8ned on 'e t+at t 8as )tterl" '$ossble to see et+er
$lantaton or 8all fro' 8+ere I 8as. (nce t+en I +a2e often been alon& t+e
sa'e road1 and stood1 and loo3ed1 and 8ondered +o8 t 8as I so dstnctl"
sa8 t+e bro3en 8all and $a$a on t+e 8+te +orseG a t)rn n t+e road 'a3es
'" +a2n& reall" done so E)te '$ossble. I a' sorr" I cannot &2e "o) t+e
e#act date of t+sJ I 3no8 t 8as n /arc+ *AA=1 b)t cannot re'e'ber t+e
da"1 e#ce$t t+at t 8as not on t+e ?t+. T+e ot+er e#$erence9 s1 I al8a"s
t+n31 far 'ore nterestn&1 as +a2n& been seen b" t+ree1 and also fro' t+e
fact t+at Padd" 8as t+e onl" 8+te or &re" +orse n t+e +)ntn&Cfeld t+at
da"G so t+at )nbele2ers co)ld not sa" t 8as so'e one else on a 8+te +orse
t+at 8e +ad 'sta3en.Y
!I!% /. BO:R!E.
/rs. (d&8c3 8rtesJ
9ebruary .?th, *A@..
I sa8 /ss -. Bo)rne and +er fat+er t+s afternoon. /ss Bo)rne told
'e t+e stores of +er seen& +er fat+er1 frst 8t+ +er sster1 and later b"
+erself1 and s&ned t+e acco)nt 8+c+ s+e and +er sster +ad1 s+e sa"s1 'ade
o)t to&et+er abo)t t. T+e &roo' 8+o sa8 t+e f&)re at t+e sa'e t'e +as
snce been ds'ssed1 and cannot be as3ed for +s e2dence. Canon Bo)rne
re'e'bers +earn& of t+e 'atter t+e da" t +a$$ened. T+e &roo' rode )$ to
t+e lades as t+e" 8ere loo3n&1 and sadJ T+e Canon s bec3onn&1 /ss1
and I t+n3 "o) +ad better &o to +'G +s +orse loo3s as f +e +ad +ad a fall9
(t+at s1 ')dd"). T+e f&)re 8as bec3onn& to t+e' 8t+ t+er fat+er5s )s)al
(and $ec)lar) &est)re. -e s a +ea2" 'an1 and +s 8+te +orse1 ada$ted to
carr" 8e&+t1 8as E)te )nl3e an" ot+er +orse n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood. E2er"
one a&rees as to t+e '$ossblt" of 'sta3n& t+e +orse. T+e +orses of t+e
ne&+bo)r+ood 8ere 8ell 3no8n to t+e ne&+bo)r+ood n &eneral and to t+e
+i,LKI- /ss Bo)rnes n $artc)lar1 as t+e" 8ere at t+at t'e constantl" o)t
8t+ t+e +o)nds. T+e ncdent see's E)te )nacco)ntable.
'+, E . 4ro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .=?. T+s case s $artc)larl" nterestn&
beca)se t+e a&ent1 /ss /a)&+an (no8 /rs. G. Ra"le&+ Vcars)1 +as been
s)ccessf)l n $rod)cn& an e#$er'ental a$$arton of +erself (see '') D )1
8+le one of +er ssters 8as t+e a&ent n anot+er case of s$ontaneo)s
tele$at+" (see Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19 $. .@*).
LE#tract fro' letter rece2ed b" /ss /a)&+an on /arc+ *.t+ fro'
/ss Gatt". T+e or&nal letter s n o)r $ossesson.M
-OLBEI! -O:(E1 (LO%!E (X:%RE1 (.6.1
Dednesday, 2arch **th, *A@*.
I 8onder 8+et+er "o) +a2e been e#$er'entn& $s"c+call"1 or f t be a
'ere c)ro)s concdence t+at I s+o)ld +a2e +ad a dstnct 2son of "o) last
n&+t.
T+e facts are t+ese. Ben& 2er" seed" "esterda"8rtn& to "o)
$robabl" tred 'e a &ood deal1 and feeln& 2er" +el$less 8+ere "o) 8ere
concerned dstressed 'e 'ore t+an a lttleI 8ent off to LbedM at abo)t A
o5cloc3. I read for an +o)r or t+ereabo)ts1 and t+en fell aslee$. I 8o3e a&an
8+en 'ot+er $assed t+ro)&+ to &o to +er o8n roo'1 and se2eral t'es n t+e
n&+t after drea'n& n an )ne#ctn& fas+on. T+en I la" a8a3e for so'e
t'e1 and t+o)&+t abo)t a Ro'an Cat+olc I 3no81 &c.
% lttle 8+le after1 I don5t 3no8 8+at t 8as t+at 'ade 'e t)rn '" +ead
to8ards one s$ecal corner of t+e roo'1 8+ere I sa8 "o) standn& (n a
n&+tdress tr''ed 8t+ (8ss e'broder")1 n a 'ost llCbalanced $ost)re.
(o ')c+ dd t+s str3e 'e t+at I &ot o)t of bed (t+e cold of t+e floor 8as
e#cess2e)1 and 8ent to catc+ "o)1 so t+at "o) '&+t not fall o2er on "o)r
face. Yo) re'aned t+ere )ntl I +ad 'ade t+e 'oton of to)c+n&1 8+en I
fo)nd not+n& t+ere an" lon&er. T+s s all1 e#ce$t t+at "o) loo3ed as f "o)
+ad candlel&+t or so'e fantl" $erce$tble "ello8s+ness be+nd "o). I
8ent bac3 to bed1 and1 not l3n& to dst)rb 'ot+er b" as3n& +er t+e t'e1 I
lstened for t+e c+'es1 and s+ortl" after +eard fo)r str3e. Of co)rse I ddn5t
&o to slee$ a&an1 b)t l&+ted '" candle and read )ntl da" da8ned. %t
brea3fast I told 'ot+er1 8+o acco)nts for e2er"t+n& b" t+e 8ord
so'na'b)ls'19 b)t sa"s s+e +eard 'e 'o2n& abo)t. I a' $erfectl"
con2nced of '" 8a3ef)lness1 b)t n an" case1 as I a' )n)sed to slee$C
8al3n&1 t+at 8o)ld be stran&e eno)&+ n tself to 'a3e 'e 8onder f t+ere
s+o)ld be an" ca)se for t be"ond '" s)bDect2e reason of an#et" abo)t
"o). T+e t'e s t+e 'ost c)ro)s $art1 s t notW
E. R. G.
/ss /a)&+an 8rtesJ
E%(T RIRRBY VIC%R%GE1 (PIL(BY1 LI!COL!(-IRE1
2ay .*st1 *A@*.
I left 61 n ,erb"s+re1 on /arc+ *>t+1 and arr2ed at Colln&+a'1
n !ottn&+a's+re1 abo)t ; P./. I 8as not alone1 or able n an" 8a" to &2e
'" attenton to an" one s)bDect )ntl nearl" 'dn&+t1 8+en I 8ent to bed.
,)rn& t+e 8+ole e2enn&1 t+o)&+ I +ad been b)s" +earn& and &2n& ne8s
of +i,LKJ- ')t)al nterest1 I +ad e#$erenced a sort of )ndertone9 of
t+o)&+t abo)t '" frend E. G. L/ss Gatt"M. I +ad onl" once s$o3en of +er
ncdentall" d)rn& t+e e2enn&1 b)t I felt '" 'nd re2ert to +er n a &eneral
8a" for a fe8 'o'ents se2eral t'es. 6+en I &ot to bed I la" a8a3e and
t+o)&+t of +er a&an. 6+"1 I dd not reall" 3no8. I +ad +eard fro' +er t+e
da" before1 sa"n& s+e 8as not 8ell1 b)t t+at 8as not s$ecall" n '" 'nd1
as I dd not s)$$ose s+e 8as 'ore t+an te'$orarl" nds$osed. I re'e'ber
8ondern& at t+e t'e 8+" s+e 8as so $resent to '" 'nd1 as I +ad a &reat
'an" t+n&s to t+n3 of t+at da" totall" a$art fro' an" connecton 8t+ +er.
I fell aslee$ at last1 to 8a3e )$ s)ddenl". It ')st +a2e been after ; %./.1
as t+e fre +ad b)rnt 2er" lo8al'ost o)t.
,)rn& t+e s+ort t'e I la" a8a3e I re'e'ber clearl" t+at t+e t+o)&+t of
E. G. ret)rned stron&l" to '" 'nd. I felt an nstnct2e t)rnn& to8ards +er
for t+e 'ental s"'$at+" certan crc)'stances '&+t render 'e n need of1
and I felt 8t+ a sort of flas+ t+at s+e 8o)ld be better able to )nderstand
8+at I 8anted t+an an" frend I +ad. I 3no8 I d8elt on t+s 8t+
stren&t+enn& confdence )ntl I fell aslee$.
I +ad not been drea'n& consco)sl" of an"t+n&J I 'erel" 8o3e )$1
t+o)&+t of E. G.1 and 'entall" cla'ed +er s"'$at+"1 b)t #ith no intention
#hatever of tr"n& to nfl)ence +er n an" $ossble 8a". T+e 8+ole attt)de
of '" 'nd 8as )nconsco)s and n2ol)ntar"1 and1 b)t for t+e letter I
rece2ed fro' +er on t+e *.t+1 I s+o)ld +a2e attac+ed no '$ortance to t+e
'atter.
E,IT- /%:G-%!.
/rs. (d&8c3 8rtesJ
1une .Bth, *A@*.
I sa8 /ss Edt+ /a)&+anYt+s afternoon.Y %s to t+e a$$earance to
/ss Gatt"1 /ss /a)&+an s E)te s)re t+at s+e dd t+n3 of +er n a s$ecal
8a"1 as t+e $erson 8+o 8o)ld be able to +el$ +er n an antc$ated
dffc)lt". T+s s)ddenl" occ)rred to +er n t+e 'ddle of t+e n&+t. It
a$$ears t+at /ss Gatt" 8as tro)bled abo)t /ss /a)&+an1 8s+n& s+e
co)ld +el$ +er n +er dffc)lt". /ss /a)&+an told 'e t+at s+e +ad 8rtten
to /ss Gatt" abo)t t+s dffc)lt"1 and be&&ed +er to 8rte to +er often
8+le t lasted. /ss /a)&+an s not s)re 8+et+er t+e e'broder" seen on
t+e a$$arton b" /ss Gatt" 8as of t+e 3nd t+at s+e 8as 8earn& t+en.
%not+er case of t+e a$$arton of a $erson ben& seen t8ce s &2en n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;?B.
',1 A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *<<.
T+e follo8n& state'ent (8+c+ 8as frst $)bls+ed n t+e Spirituaist)
8as dra8n )$ s#teen da"s after t+e ncdent occ)rred1 t+ro)&+ t+e $ro'$t
ener&" of /r. 6. -. -arrson1 and on t+e s)&&eston of t+e late /r.
Cro'8ell 4. Varle"1 4.R.(.1 8+o +ad E)estoned Ca$tan Blac3loc3 on t+e
s)bDect.
T+e stea's+$ 7obert .o#e ret)rned to t+e T+a'es on T)esda"1
October **t+1 *A=>1 fro' (t. Perre1 !e8fo)ndland1 8+ere s+e +ad been
re$arn& one of t+e 4renc+ %tlantc Tele&ra$+ Co'$an"5s cables. %n
en&neer on board1 /r. 6. -. Pearce1 of ;= %)&)sta (treet1 East Inda Road1
Po$lar1 8as ta3en ll 8t+ t+e t"$+)s fe2er1 and on t+e <t+ of October last +e
ded. One of +s 'ates1 /r. ,. Bro8n1 of * Ed8ard (treet1 -)dson5s Road1
Cannn& To8n1 +i,LKK- Plasto81 a stron&1 +ealt+" 'an1 a sto3er1 not l3el"
to be led astra" b" 'a&naton1 attended +' tll t+e da" before +e ded.
LBro8n1 t a$$ears1 bore t+e best of c+aracters1 and +ad a stron& frends+$
for Pearce.M On t+e afternoon before +s deat+1 at t+ree o5cloc31 n broad
da"l&+t1 Bro8n 8as attendn& t+e sc3 'an1 8+o 8anted to &et o)t of bed1
b)t +s co'$anon $re2ented +'. %nd t+s s 8+at t+e 8tness sa"s +e sa8J

I 8as standn& on one sde of t+e b)n31 and 8+le tr"n& to $re2ent
Pearce fro' rsn&1 I sa8 on t+e ot+er sde of t+e b)n31 t+e 8fe1 t8o
c+ldren1 and t+e 'ot+er of t+e d"n& 'an1 all of 8+o' I 3ne8 2er" 8ell1
and t+e" are all stll l2n&. T+e" a$$eared to be 2er" sorro8f)l1 b)t n all
ot+er res$ects 8ere t+e sa'e as ordnar" +)'an ben&s. I co)ld not see
t+ro)&+ t+e'G t+e" 8ere not at all trans$arent. T+e" +ad on t+er ordnar"
clot+es1 and1 $er+a$s1 loo3ed rat+er $aler t+an )s)al. T+e 'ot+er sad to 'e
n a clearl" a)dble 2oce1 H-e 8ll be b)red on T+)rsda"1 at *. o5cloc31 n
abo)t fo)rteen +)ndred fat+o's of 8ater.I T+e" all t+en 2ans+ed nstantl"1
and I sa8 t+e' no 'ore. Pearce dd not see t+e'1 as +e 8as delro)s1 and
+ad been so for t8o da"s $re2o)sl". I ran o)t of t+e bert+ n a state of &reat
e#cte'ent1 and dd not enter t a&an 8+le +e 8as al2e. -e ded on
T)esda"1 not T+)rsda"1 and 8as b)red at < o5cloc31 not *.. It 8as a s)dden
s)r$rse to 'e to see t+e a$$artons. I e#$ected not+n& of t+e 3nd1 and
8+en I sa8 t+e' I 8as $erfectl" cool and collected. I +ad ne2er before seen
an"t+n& of t+e 3nd n '" lfe1 and '" +ealt+ s1 and al8a"s +as been1
&ood. %bo)t f2e 'n)tes after8ards I told Ca$tan Blac3loc3 I 8o)ld sto$
8t+ t+e sc3 'an no lon&er1 b)t 8o)ld not tell +' 8+"1 t+n3n& t+at f I
dd1 nobod" else 8o)ld ta3e '" $lace. %bo)t an +o)r later1 I told Ca$tan
Blac3loc3 and /r. ,)nbar1 t+e c+ef en&neer1 8+ose address s Old /ll1
near Port 6lla'1 6&to8ns+re1 (cotland.9
T+e ot+er salors on board sa" t+at t+e" sa8 t+at /r. Bro8n 8as &reatl"
a&tated fro' so'e ca)se1 and t+e" &rad)all" dre8 t+s narrat2e o)t of +'.
Ca$tan Blac3loc3 sa"sJ
Bro8n ca'e do8n nto t+e cabn1 loo3n& 2er" $ale and fr&+tened1
and declared n a stron& and decded 8a" t+at +e 8o)ld not attend t+e sc3
'an an" 'ore on an" condtonsnot for a t+o)sand $o)nds. I told +' t+at
+e o)&+t to attend a sc3 and d"n& co'rade1 es$ecall" as a stor' 8as
ra&n&1 and +e needed 3nd and consderate +el$1 s)c+ as an" of )s '&+t
need one da". I $ressed +' all t+e 'ore1 as I 8anted a stron&1 stead" 'an
to attend t+e delro)s n2aldG besdes1 t ben& bad 8eat+er1 t+e ot+er 'en
8ere fa&&ed and o2erC8or3ed. Bro8n 8o)ld not &o bac31 and +e left t+e
cabn1 as I t+n31 cr"n&1 so I sent +' o)t a &lass of brand". (+ortl" after
t+at1 I +eard +e 8as 2er" ll1 and t+at +s 'ates +ad so'e tro)ble n soot+n&
and cal'n& +'.
6e t+e )nders&ned1 offcals on board t+e 7obert .o#e, declare t+e
abo2e state'ents to be tr)e1 so far as eac+ of t+e crc)'stances ca'e )nder
o)r $ersonal notce1 b)t 8e none of )s co''t o)rsel2es to an" o$non as
to t+e ca)se of t+e $+eno'enon. 6e &2e t+e state'ent s'$l" beca)se 8e
+a2e been reE)ested to do so1 r)'o)rs of t+e occ)rrence +a2n& &one
abroad and ca)sed nE)res to be 'ade.
((&ned) 7. BL%CRLOCR1 Co''ander.
%!,RE6 ,:!B%R1 4rst En&neer.
((&nat)res of s# ot+er 'e'bers of t+e cre8.)
6tness1 6. -. -%RRI(O!.
<ctober .>th, *A=>.9
+i,LKL-
LCa$tan Blac3loc3 s dead. T+e 7obert .o#e 8as lost n *A=.1 and onl"
one or t8o of t+e cre8 esca$ed. T+e acco)nt ncl)ded a descr$ton of so'e
dstressn& e#$erences of /rs. Pearce5s1 8+c+ +ad occ)rred n London
d)rn& t+e fe8 da"s before +er +)sband5s deat+1 and flled +er 8t+ an#et"
on +s acco)ntG b)t t+s an#et" cannot be confdentl" ass)'ed to +a2e been
a condton of Bro8n5s e#$erence.M
',+ A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. @=. T+e narrator s t+e
late Re2. 6. /o)ntford1 of Boston1 :.(.%.1 a 'nster and a)t+or of re$)te.
One da"1 so'e ffteen "ears a&o1 I 8ent fro' t+e $lace of '" abode to
see so'e frends 8+o resded n t+e fen dstrcts of !orfol3. T+e" 8ere
$ersons 8+o' I 3ne81 not 'erel" 8ell1 b)t nt'atel". T+e" 8ere t8o
brot+ers 8+o +ad 'arred t8o ssters. T+er +o)ses 8ere a 'le and a
E)arter a$art1 b)t standn& on t+e sa'e road1 and 8t+ onl" t8o or t+ree
ot+er +abtatons nter2enn&. T+e road 8as a stra&+t1 bare1 o$en road1 l3e
8+at s so often to be seen n t+e fens1 and )sed c+efl" and al'ost
e#cl)s2el" b" t+e occ)$ants of t+e fe8 far's alon&sde of t. T+e +o)se at
8+c+ I 8as 2stn& stood abo)t ten "ards fro' t+e ed&e of t+e road. T+e
da" 8as fne and cleara da" n /arc+. %bo)t fo)r o5cloc3 n t+e afternoon
I stood at t+e 8ndo81 and loo3n& )$ t+e road I sad1 -ere s "o)r brot+er
co'n&.9 /" +ost ad2anced to t+e 8ndo8 and sad1 O+ "es1 +ere +e sG
and see1 Robert +as &ot ,obbn o)t at last.9 ,obbn 8as a +orse 8+c+1 on
acco)nt of so'e accdent1 +ad not been )sed for so'e 8ee3s. T+e lad" also
loo3ed o)t of t+e 8ndo81 and sad to 'e1 %nd I a' so &lad1 too1 t+at '"
sster s 8t+ +'. T+e" 8ll be del&+ted to fnd "o) +ere.9 I reco&nsed
dstnctl" t+e 2e+cle n 8+c+ t+e" rode as ben& an o$en one1 also t+e lad"
and t+e &entle'an1 and bot+ t+er dress and t+er attt)des. O)r frends
$assed at a &entle $ace alon& t+e front of t+e 8ndo81 and t+en t)rnn& 8t+
t+e road ro)nd t+e corner of t+e +o)se1 t+e" co)ld not lon&er be seen. %fter
a 'n)te '" +ost 8ent to t+e door and e#cla'ed1 6+"1 8+at can be t+e
'atterW T+e" +a2e &one on 8t+o)t calln&1 a t+n& t+e" ne2er dd n t+er
l2es before. 6+at can be t+e 'atterW9
42e 'n)tes after8ards1 8+le 8e 8ere seated b" t+e fresde1 t+e
$arlo)r door o$ened1 and t+ere entered a lad" of abo)t t8ent"Cf2e "ears of
a&eG s+e 8as n rob)st +ealt+ and n f)ll $ossesson of all +er senses1 and s+e
8as $ossessed1 besdes1 of a stron& co''onsense. (+e 8as $ale and ')c+
e#cted1 and t+e 'o'ent s+e o$ened t+e door s+e e#cla'ed1 O+1 a)nt1 I
+a2e +ad s)c+ a fr&+tZ 4at+er and 'ot+er +a2e $assed 'e on t+e road
8t+o)t s$ea3n&. I loo3ed )$ at t+e' as t+e" $assed b"1 b)t t+e" loo3ed
stra&+t on and ne2er sto$$ed nor sad a 8ord. % E)arter of an +o)r before1
8+en I started to 8al3 +ere1 t+e" 8ere sttn& b" t+e freG and no81 8+at can
be t+e 'atterW T+e" ne2er t)rned nor s$o3e1 and "et I a' certan t+at t+e"
')st +a2e seen 'e.9
Ten 'n)tes after t+e arr2al of t+s lad"1 I1 loo3n& t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo8
)$ t+e road1 sad1 B)t see1 +ere t+e" are1 co'n& do8n t+e road a&an.9 /"
+ost sad1 !o1 t+at s '$ossble1 beca)se t+ere s no $at+ b" 8+c+ t+e"
co)ld &et on to t+s road1 so as to be co'n& do8n t a&an. B)t s)re eno)&+1
+ere t+e" are1 and 8t+ t+e sa'e +orseZ -o8 n t+e 8orld +a2e t+e" &ot
+ereW9 6e all stood at t+e 8ndo81 and sa8 $ass before )s $recsel" t+e
sa'e a$$earance 8+c+ 8e +ad seen beforelad" and &entle'an1 and +orse
and carra&e. /" +i,LKM- +ost ran to t+e door and e#cla'ed1 -o8 dd "o)
&et +ereW -o8 dd "o) &et on to t+e road to be co'n& do8n +ere a&an
no8W9 I &et on t+e roadW 6+at do "o) 'eanW I +a2e D)st co'e stra&+t
fro' +o'e.9 %nd dd "o) not co'e do8n t+e road1 and $ass t+e +o)se1
less t+an a E)arter of an +o)r a&oW9 !o19 sad t+e lad" and &entle'an bot+.
T+s s t+e frst t'e t+at 8e +a2e co'e do8n t+e road toda".9 Certanl"19
8e all sad1 "o) $assed t+ese 8ndo8s less t+an a E)arter of an +o)r a&o.
%nd1 besdes1 +ere s /ar"1 8+o 8as on t+e road and sa8 "o).9
!onsenseZ9 8as t+e ans8er. 6e are stra&+t fro' +o'e1 as "o) 'a" be
2er" s)re. 4or +o8 co)ld "o) +a2e seen )s $ass b" before1 8+en "o) dd see
)s co'n& do8n no8W9 T+en "o) 'ean to sa" t+at reall" "o) dd not $ass
b" +ere ten or ffteen 'n)tes a&oW9 Certanl"G for at t+at t'e1 $robabl"1
8e 8ere D)st co'n& o)t of t+e "ard and startn& to co'e +ere.9
6e all of )s re'aned ')c+ a'aNed at t+s ncdent. T+ere 8ere fo)r of
)s 8+o +ad seen t+s a$$earance1 and seen t )nder s)c+ crc)'stances as
a$$arentl" $recl)ded an" $ossblt" of o)r +a2n& 'sta3en so'e cas)al
$assen&ers for o)r nt'ate frends. 6e 8ere E)te satsfed t+at 8e +ad
reall" not seen o)r bodl" frends $ass do8n t+e road t+at frst t'e 8+en 8e
t+o)&+t t+at 8e sa8 t+e'. %s for '"self1 I 8as s)re t+at t 8as not t+e"G and
"et +ardl" co)ld I +el$ feeln& t+at t co)ld +a2e been no $ersons else.
T+ere s an old sa"n& abo)t 3ee$n& a t+n& ten "ears1 and t+en fndn&
a )se for t. T+s c)ro)s e#$erence of 'ne s as 22d n '" 'nd as
t+o)&+ t 8ere of "esterda". Is t of )se as ll)stratn& 'sta3es as to
dentt"1 or s t rat+er a sn&)lar nstance of 8+at s called secondCs&+tW
/.
T+s acco)nt 8as frst $)bls+ed n t+e Spiritua 2aga3ine for %)&)st
*AB>. On o)r 8rtn& to /r. /o)ntford on t+e s)bDect1 +e re$ledJ
BE%CO! (TREET1 BO(TO!1 :.(.%.1
Nth August *AA<.
T+e narrat2e of 8+c+ "o) +a2e sent 'e a co$" 8as 8rtten b" '"self1
as "o) +ad r&+tl" s)$$osed. It 8as caref)ll" $re$ared1 and I bele2e t to be
as e#actl" tr)e as an" re$ort e2er 'ade b" $+ono&ra$+ or $+oto&ra$+. %t
t+e t'e 8+en t+e occ)rrence +a$$ened1 I 8as s'$l" a'aNed at t1 and I felt
b)t D)st s'$l" as so'e )nta)&+t $lo)&+'an '&+t +a2e felt n t+e o$en
feld1 f an aerolte +ad fallen at +s feet1 +ot fro' t+e s3es.
T+e $ersons besdes '"self1 of 8+o' I 8rote n t+at acco)nt1 8ere all of
t+e fa'l" na'e of Coe1 and 8ere all of Isln&ton1 near Rn&5s L"nnG and
t+e" 8ere all l2n& at t+e t'e 8+en I 8rote abo)t t+e'1 b)t t+e" +a2e all
been carred a8a". I +a2e onl" to add t+at /rs. Robert Coe sad t+at s+e and
+er +)sband 3ne8 of t+er da)&+ter5s +a2n& started to see +er a)nt1 b)t t+at
t+e" +ad +ad no ntenton of follo8n& +er tll /r. Robert Coe1 s)ddenl"
startn& fro' +s c+ar b" t+e fresde1 e#cla'ed Let )s &o to Cle'ent5s.9
',+ B . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *@<. /aDor 6.1 resdent
near Conon Brd&e1 RossCs+re1 8rtesJ
9ebruary @th, *AA..
It 8as t+e 'ont+ of %)&)stG rat+er a dar3 n&+t and 2er" stllG t+e +o)r1
'dn&+tG 8+en before retrn& for t+e n&+t I 8ent1 as s often '" c)sto'1
to t+e front door to loo3 at t+e 8eat+er. 6+en standn& for a 'o'ent on t+e
+i,LKN- ste$1 I sa81 co'n& ro)nd a t)rn n t+e dr2e1 a lar&e close carra&e
and $ar of +orses1 8t+ t8o 'en on t+e bo#. It $assed t+e front of t+e
+o)se1 and 8as &on& at a ra$d rate to8ards a $at+ 8+c+ leads to a strea'1
r)nnn&1 at t+at $ont1 bet8een rat+er stee$ ban3s. T+ere s no carra&eCroad
on t+at sde of t+e +o)se1 and I s+o)ted to t+e dr2er to sto$1 as1 f +e 8ent
on1 +e ')st )ndo)btedl" co'e to &ref. T+e carra&e sto$$ed abr)$tl" 8+en
t ca'e to t+e r)nnn& 8ater1 t)rned1 and1 n don& so1 dro2e o2er t+e la8n. I
&ot )$ to tG and b" t+s t'e '" son +ad Doned 'e 8t+ a lantern. !et+er
of t+e 'en on t+e bo# +ad s$o3en1 and t+ere 8as no so)nd fro' t+e nsde
of t+e carra&e. /" son loo3ed n1 and all +e co)ld dscern 8as a stffC
loo3n& f&)re sttn& )$ n a corner1 and dra$ed1 a$$arentl"1 fro' +ead to
foot n 8+te. T+e absol)te slence of t+e 'en o)tsde 8as '"stero)s1 and
t+e 8+te f&)re nsde1 a$$arentl" of a fe'ale1 not ben& alar'ed or
s+o8n& an" s&ns of lfe1 8as stran&e. /en1 carra&e1 and +orses 8ere
)n3no8n to 'e1 alt+o)&+ I 3no8 t+e co)ntr" so 8ell. T+e carra&e
contn)ed ts 8a" across t+e la8n1 t)rnn& )$ a road 8+c+ led $ast t+e
stables1 and so nto t+e dr2e a&an and a8a". 6e co)ld see no traces of t
t+e ne#t 'ornn&no 'ar3s of 8+eels or +orses5 feet on t+e soft &rass or
&ra2el roadG and 8e ne2er a&an +eard of t+e carra&e or ts occ)$ant1
t+o)&+ I ca)sed caref)l nE)res to be 'ade t+e follo8n& da". I 'a"
'enton t+at '" 8fe and da)&+ter also sa8 t+e carra&e1 ben& attracted to
t+e 8ndo8 b" '" s+o)t. T+s +a$$ened on t+e .;rd of %)&)st *A=A.
%fter a 2st to t+e +o)se n (e$te'ber *AA<1 /r. Pod'ore 8roteJ
/aDor 6.1 on 8+o' I called toda"1 s $ractcall" satsfed t+at 8+at +e
and +s fa'l" sa8 8as not a real carra&e. -e s+o8ed 'e t+e 8+ole scene
of ts a$$earance. T+e s$ot 8+ere t+e carra&e a$$eared to t)rn barel" lea2es
s)ffcent roo' for t+e $assa&e of an ordnar" carra&e1 and t+at a carra&e
s+o)ld t)rn ro)nd t+ere see's al'ost '$ossble. T+e carra&e 8ent for
so'e dstance across t+e la8na 'oss" and rat+er da'$ $ece of &rass
and sto$$ed n front of t+e +o)se for 'ore t+an a 'n)te1 8+le /aDor 6.
s$o3e to t+e 'an1 b)t 8t+o)t rece2n& an" re$l". -s 8fe1 8+o' I also
sa81 8as attracted to t+e 8ndo8 b" t+e so)nd of t+e 8+eels1 n t+e frst
nstance1 on t+e &ra2el. /aDor 6. 'ade 'an" nE)res a'on& +s
ne&+bo)rs1 b)t co)ld not fnd t+at an" one +ad seen t+e carra&e at all. T+e
+o)se s st)ated on a $enns)la stretc+n& bet8een t+e Cro'art" and /ora"
4rt+s1 and so'e t+ree 'les fro' t+e nec3 of t+e $enns)la. T+e localt" s
2er" lonel"1 t+ere ben& no 2lla&es or +a'lets1 and b)t fe8 $r2ate
resdences of an" 3ndG and t s dffc)lt to 'a&ne t+e errand 8+c+ co)ld
brn& a stran&e carra&e nto s)c+ a co)ntr" at t+e dead of n&+t. /aDor 6.
+as +ad one ot+er $)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnaton.
',, A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *>;. In t+e follo8n&
a)dtor" case t+e act)al 8ord )sed b" t+e a&ent 8as dstn&)s+ed b" t+e
$erc$ent. T+e acco)nt s fro' /r. R. 4r"er1 of Bat+1 brot+er of o)r
collea&)e1 t+e Re2. %. T. 4r"er1 no8 of *; ,)'fres Place1 Cardff1 8+o
tells )s t+at +e dstnctl" re'e'bers ben& told of t+e occ)rrence 8t+n a
fe8 8ee3s of ts +a$$enn&.9 -e e#$lans t+at Rod9 8as t+e na'e b"
8+c+ +s brot+er1 t+e $erc$ent1 8as called n t+e fa'l".
+i,LKO-
1anuary *AA;.
% stran&e e#$erence occ)rred n t+e a)t)'n of t+e "ear *A=@. % brot+er
of 'ne +ad been fro' +o'e for t+ree or fo)r da"s1 8+en1 one afternoon1 at
+alfC$ast f2e (as nearl" as $ossble)1 I 8as astons+ed to +ear '" na'e
called o)t 2er" dstnctl". I so clearl" reco&nsed '" brot+er5s 2oce t+at I
loo3ed all o2er t+e +o)se for +'G b)t not fndn& +'1 and ndeed 3no8n&
t+at +e ')st be dstant so'e fort" 'les1 I ended b" attrb)tn& t+e ncdent
to a fanced del)son1 and t+o)&+t no 'ore abo)t t+e 'atter. On '"
brot+er5s arr2al +o'e1 +o8e2er1 on t+e s#t+ da"1 +e re'ar3ed a'on&st
ot+er t+n&s t+at +e +ad narro8l" esca$ed an )&l" accdent. It a$$eared t+at1
8+lst &ettn& o)t fro' a ral8a" carra&e1 +e 'ssed +s footn&1 and fell
alon& t+e $latfor'G b" $)ttn& o)t +s +ands E)c3l" +e bro3e t+e fall1 and
onl" s)ffered a se2ere s+a3n&. C)ro)sl" eno)&+19 +e sad1 8+en I fo)nd
'"self falln& I called o)t "o)r na'e.9 T+s dd not str3e 'e for a 'o'ent1
b)t on '" as3n& +' d)rn& 8+at $art of t+e da" t+s +a$$ened1 +e &a2e 'e
t+e t'e1 8+c+ I fo)nd corres$onded e#actl" 8t+ t+e 'o'ent I +eard
'"self called.
In ans8er to an nE)r"1 /r. R. 4r"er addsJ
I do not re'e'ber e2er +a2n& a s'lar e#$erence to t+e one narrated
to "o)G nor s+o)ld I care to1 as t+e sensaton1 to&et+er 8t+ t+e s)s$ense as
to t+e 8+" and 8+erefore of t+e e2ent1 s t+e re2erse of $leasant.
In con2ersaton1 +e e#$laned t+at +e +ad freE)entl" e#$ost)lated 8t+
+s brot+er on t+e latter5s +abt of al&+tn& fro' trans n 'otonG and t+e
a)to'atc )tterance of +s na'e1 on t+s occason1 '&+t t+)s be acco)nted
for b" assocaton. T+e a&ent5s acco)nt of t+e 'atter s as follo8sJ
!E6BRI,GE RO%,1 B%T-1
November *Bth, *AA?.
In t+e "ear *A=@ I 8as tra2elln&1 and n t+e co)rse of '" Do)rne" I +ad
to sto$ at Glo)cester. In &ettn& o)t of t+e tran I fell1 and 8as asssted to
rse b" one of t+e ral8a" offcals. -e as3ed f I 8as +)rt1 and as3ed f I +ad
an" one tra2elln& 8t+ 'e. I re$led !o9 to bot+ E)estons1 and nE)red
8+" +e as3ed. -e re$led1 Beca)se "o) called o)t Rod.9 I dstnctl"
recollect 'a3n& )se of t+e 8ord Rod.
On arr2n& +o'e1 a da" or t8o after8ards1 I related t+e crc)'stance1
and '" brot+er nE)red t+e t'e and date. -e t+en told 'e +e +ad +eard 'e
call at t+at $artc)lar t'e. -e 8as so s)re of ts ben& '" 2oce t+at +e
'ade nE)res as to 8+et+er I 8as abo)t or not.
7O-! T. 4RYER.
',' A . T+s case s ta3en fro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of
-all)cnatons9 n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;>A. T+e acco)nt 8as
8rtten n *A@> b" one of t+e t8o $erc$ents concerned1 /ss %. E. R.
6+en o)t n ca'$ n an Indan D)n&le1 '" sster and I 8ere an#o)sl"
a8atn& t+e ret)rn of +er +)sband1 8+o +ad left n t+e 'ornn& on a
s)r2e"n& e#$edton1 $ro'sn& to ret)rn earl" n t+e afternoon. Bet8een
s# and se2en P./. 8e 8ere 2er" )neas"1 and 8ere 8atc+n& t+e lne of road1
I s+o)ld sa"1 .>> "ards dstant fro' 8+ere 8e stood. (')ltaneo)sl" 8e
e#cla'ed1 T+ere +e s19 and I dstnctl" sa8 +'1 sttn& n +s do&Ccart
dr2n& +s &re" +orse1 +i,LLP- t+e s"ce occ)$"n& t+e seat be+nd. 6e at
once ret)rned to t+e tents'" sster ordern& t+e bearer to &et t+e (a+b5s
bat+C8ater read"1 and t+e b)tler to $re$are dnnerI r)nnn& to set '"
brot+erCnCla85s 'ot+er5s 'nd at rest as to t+e safet" of +er son. -o8e2er1
as t'e $assed on1 and +e dd not a$$ear1 o)r alar' ret)rned1 and 8as not
alla"ed )ntl +e arr2ed n safet" at e&+t o5cloc3. On nterro&atn& +'1 8e
fo)nd +e 8as D)st startn& fro' t+e s)r2e"n& &ro)nd1 abo)t e&+t 'les
dstant1 at t+e 2er" t'e 8e +ad t+e abo2e related e#$erence. I s+o)ld add1
8e 8ere bot+ n &ood +ealt+ and certanl" 8de a8a3e at t+e t'e1 and I
+a2e ne2er before or snce +ad an" e#$erence of t+e 3nd.
/ss R. 8as abo)t ten "ears old at t+e t'e of t+s ncdent. -er sster1
/rs. -.1 8rtesJ
*ecember *=th, *A@>.
In ans8er to "o)r reE)est1 I 8rte to sa" t+at I f)ll" endorse t+e
state'ent 'ade b" '" sster 8t+ reference to o)r e#$erence n Inda. I 8as
$resent at t+e t'e. %lso I 'a" state t+at t+ere 8as no $ossblt" of o)r
'sta3n& an" ot+er $erson for '" +)sband1 as t+e road ended at o)r tents1
and t+e f&)re 8e sa8 ')st necessarl" +a2e dr2en stra&+t to )s. I s+o)ld
also sa" 8e 8ere n an solated $art of t+e co)ntr".
I called on /rs. -. n ,ece'ber *A@*1 and s+e nfor'ed 'e t+at t+e
ncdent too3 $lace abo)t *A "ears a&o19 8+en +er son1 8+o 8as t+en
t8ent"1 8as abo)t t8o "ears old. (+e e#$laned to 'e n con2ersaton t+at a
'sta3e of dentt" 8as '$ossble1 bot+ fro' t+e lonel" nat)re of t+e
co)ntr" and fro' t+e &reat +e&+t of +er +)sband1 8+o s abo)t B ft. < n.
tall.
/rs. -. added a f)rt+er note to +er sster5s acco)nt1 to t+e follo8n&
effectJ
*ecember ?th, *A@*.
I f)ll" endorse all t+e detals of t+s acco)nt. I 'a" add t+at t+e t'e I
sa8 '" +)sband 8as abo)t t+e +o)r I e#$ected +' +o'e. -e +ad been
detaned later t+an +e e#$ected1 and I 3no8 8o)ld be concerned as to '"
an#et" abo)t +'. I +a2e ne2er +ad an" ot+er s'lar e#$erence.
In t+s case t+e $roof t+at t+e f&)re 8as not real de$ends not so ')c+
on t+e reco&ntonfor t+e dstance 8as $robabl" too &reat for certan
reco&ntonas on t+e co'bnaton of t+at 8t+ t+e 2er" &reat '$robablt"
t+at an" +)'an ben& 8+ate2er 8as dr2n& a do&Ccart n t+e $lace at t+at
'o'ent.
',' B . T+e follo8n& case s E)oted fro' <ver the Teacups, b" Ol2er
6endell -ol'es (;rd ed. *A@*1 $. *.). 6e are told n t+e Introd)cton t+at
t+e $art of t+e boo3 contann& t+ese cases 8as 8rtten n /arc+ *AAA.
I relate a sn&)lar concdence 8+c+ 2er" latel" occ)rred n '"
e#$erence. YI 8ll frst co$" t+e 'e'orand)' 'ade at t+e t'eJ
Re'ar3able concdence. On /onda"1 %$rl *At+1 ben& at table fro'
B.;> P./. to =.;>1 8t+ and Lt+e t8o lades of '" +o)se+oldM1 I
+i,LLG- told t+e' of t+e case of Htral b" battelI offered b" %bra+a'
T+ornton n *A*=. I 'entoned +s t+ro8n& do8n +s &lo2e1 8+c+ 8as not
ta3en )$ b" t+e brot+er of +s 2ct'1 and so +e +ad to be let off1 for t+e old
la8 8as stll n force. I 'entoned t+at %bra+a' T+ornton 8as sad to +a2e
co'e to t+s co)ntr"1 Hand LI addedM +e 'a" be l2n& near )s for a)&+t t+at I
3no8.I I rose fro' t+e table and fo)nd an En&ls+ letter 8atn& for 'e1 left
8+le I sat at dnner. I co$" t+e frst $orton of t+s letterJ
H.> %L4RE, PL%CE 6E(T (!E%R /:(E:/)1 (O:T-
RE!(I!GTO!1
LO!,O!1 (.6.1 Apri =th, *AA=.
H,R. O. 6. -OL/E(1,E%R (IR1In tra2elln& t+e ot+er da" I 'et
8t+ a re$rnt of t+e 2er" nterestn& case of T+ornton for ')rder1 *A*=. T+e
$rsoner $leaded s)ccessf)ll" t+e old 6a&er of Battel. I t+o)&+t "o) 8o)ld
l3e to read t+e acco)nt1 and send t 8t+ t+sYYo)rs fat+f)ll"1
H4RE,. R%T-BO!E.I9
/r. Rat+bone s a 8ellC3no8n dealer n old 6ed&8ood and e&+teent+C
cent)r" art. %s a frend of '" +os$table entertaner1 /r. 6llett1 +e +ad
s+o8n 'e 'an" attentons n En&land1 b)t I 8as not e#$ectn& an"
co'')ncaton fro' +'G and 8+en1 fres+ fro' '" con2ersaton1 I fo)nd
t+s letter D)st arr2ed b" 'al and left 8+le I 8as at table1 and on brea3n&
t+e seal read 8+at I +ad a fe8 'o'ents before been telln&1 I 8as &reatl"
s)r$rsed1 and ''edatel" 'ade a note of t+e occ)rrence1 as &2en abo2e.
I +ad lon& been fa'lar 8t+ all t+e detals of t+s celebrated case1 b)t
+ad not referred to t1 so far as I can re'e'ber1 for 'ont+s or "ears. I 3no8
of no tran of t+o)&+t 8+c+ led 'e to s$ea3 of t on t+at $artc)lar da". I
+ad ne2er all)ded to t before n t+at co'$an"1 nor +ad I e2er s$o3en of t
8t+ /r. Rat+bone.Y
T+e case I +a2e &2en s1 I a' confdent1 absol)tel" free fro' e2er"
so)rce of error. I do not re'e'ber t+at /r. Rat+bone +ad co'')ncated
8t+ 'e snce +e sent 'e a $lentf)l s)$$l" of 'stletoe a "ear a&o last
C+rst'as. T+e acco)nt I rece2ed fro' +' 8as c)t o)t of The Sporting
Times of /arc+ ?t+1 *AA=. /" o8n 3no8led&e of t+e case ca'e fro'
UirbyQs Donder$u 2useum, a 8or3 $resented to 'e at least t+rt" "ears a&o.
I +ad not loo3ed at t+e acco)nt1 s$o3en of t1 nor t+o)&+t of t for a lon&
t'e1 8+en t ca'e to 'e b" a 3nd of s$ontaneo)s &eneraton1 as t see'ed1
+a2n& no connecton 8t+ an" $re2o)s tran of t+o)&+t t+at I 8as a8are of.
I consder t+e e2dence of entre nde$endence1 a$art fro' $ossble
tele$at+c9 ca)saton1 co'$letel" 8ater$roof1 art&+t1 nco'b)stble1 and
)nassalable.
''( A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *@B. In t+e follo8n&
case1 t+e $erc$ent1 /r. 7. G. Re)le'ans1 acE)res nfor'aton of 8+at s
+a$$enn& at a dstance t+ro)&+ a 'ere 'ental '$resson1 co'$letel"
)ne#ternalsed1 b)t "et con2e"n& bot+ t+e abstract dea of an e2ent and t+e
concrete $ct)re of a scene. /r. Re)le'ans5 acco)nt1 8+c+ I E)ote1 s
$refaced b" so'e re'ar3s of G)rne"5s on t+e e2dental as$ect of t+e case1
as follo8sJ
It occasonall" +a$$ens t+at a n)'ber of occ)rrences1 $er+a$s tr2al n
c+aracter1 and eac+ of t+e' l3el" eno)&+ to be ds'ssed as 'erel" a 2er"
odd concdence1 fall to t+e e#$erence of one $ersonG and f +e s obser2ant
of +s +i,LLH- '$ressons1 +e 'a" &rad)all" beco'e consco)s of a certan
s'lart" bet8een t+e'1 8+c+ leads +' to re&ard t+e' as tele$at+c1 or at
an" rate as so'et+n& 'ore t+an accdental. Before t can be 8ort+ 8+le to
consder s)c+ e2dence1 8e ')st +a2e reason to bele2e t+at t+e 8tness s a
&ood obser2er1 and al2e to t+e 2er" &eneral 'sta3e of notn& +ts and not
'sses n t+ese 'atters. ()c+ an obser2er 8e bele2e t+at 8e +a2e fo)nd n
/r. Re)le'ans1 of ;< /atlda (treet1 Barnsb)r"1 !.1 a 8ellC3no8n
scentfc dra)&+ts'an1 of 8+ose care and acc)rac" 8e +a2e +ad se2eral
e#a'$les. -e +as e#$erenced so 'an" of t+ese concdences t+at1 e2en
before o)r nE)res E)c3ened +s nterest n t+e 'atter1 +e +ad been
acc)sto'ed to 3ee$ a record of +s '$ressons8+c+1 accordn& to +s
o8n acco)nt1 8ere n2arabl" D)stfed b" fact. (o'e 'ore of +s cases 8ll
be &2en n t+e seE)el. T+e one +ere E)oted s tr2al eno)&+ (e#ce$t
$er+a$s to t+e bab" 8+o fell o)t of bed)1 and of lttle force f t 8ere a sn&le
e#$erence. Yet t 8ll be seen t+at t+e '$resson 8as $recse n c+aracter1
8as at once 8rtten do8n1 and $ro2ed to be co'$letel" correct. 6e 'a"
$er+a$s ass)'e /rs. Re)le'ans to +a2e been t+e a&ent.
/r. Re)le'ans 8rtesJ
<ctober *Bth, *AA;.
/" 8fe 8ent to resde at t+e seasde on (e$te'ber ;>t+ last1 ta3n&
8t+ +er o)r "o)n&est c+ld1 a lttle bo" t+rteen 'ont+s old.
On 6ednesda"1 October ;rd1 I felt a stron& '$resson t+at t+e lttle
fello8 8as 8orse (+e 8as n 8ea3 +ealt+ on +s de$art)re). T+e dea t+en
$re2aled on '" 'nd t+at +e +ad 'et 8t+ a sl&+t accdentG and
''edatel" t+e $ct)re of t+e bedroo'1 n 8+c+ +e slee$s1 a$$eared n '"
'nd5s e"e. It 8as not t+e stron& sensaton of a8e or sorro81 as I +ad often
e#$erenced before on s)c+ occasonsG b)t1 an"+o81 I fanced +e +ad fallen
out o$ the bed, )$on c+ars1 and t+en rolled do8n )$on t+e floor. T+s 8as
abo)t ** %./.1 and I at once 8rote to '" 8fe1 as3n& +er to let 'e 3no8
+o8 t+e lttle fello8 8as &ettn& on. I t+o)&+t t rat+er bold to tell '" 8fe
t+at t+e bab" +ad1 to '" con2cton1 reall" 'et 8t+ an accdent1 8t+o)t
ben& able to $rod)ce an" confr'ator" e2dence. %lso I consdered t+at s+e
8o)ld ta3e t as an nsn)aton of carelessness on +er $artG t+erefore I
$)r$osel" 8rote t as a post scriptum.
I +eard no 'ore abo)t t1 and e2en fanced t+at t+s t'e '" '$resson
8as 'erel" t+e conseE)ence of an#et". B)t on (at)rda" last I 8ent to see
'" 8fe and c+ld1 and as3ed 8+et+er s+e +ad ta3en notce of '" ad2ce to
$rotect t+e bab" a&anst s)c+ an accdent. (+e s'led at frst1 and t+en
nfor'ed 'e t+at +e +ad t)'bled o)t of t+e bed )$on t+e c+ars $laced at
t+e sde1 and t+en fo)nd +s 8a" )$on t+e floor1 8t+o)t ben& +)rt. (+e
f)rt+er re'ar3ed1 Yo) ')st +a2e been t+n3n& of t+at 8+en t 8as D)st too
late1 beca)se t +a$$ened t+e sa'e da" "o)r letter ca'e1 so'e +o)rs
$re2o)sl".9 I as3ed +er 8+at t'e of t+e da" t +a$$ened. %ns8erJ %bo)t
** %./.9 (+e told 'e t+at s+e +eard t+e bab" fall1 and at once ran )$stars to
$c3 +' )$.
I a' certan1 8t+o)t t+e s+ado8 of a do)bt1 t+at I 8rote ''edatel"
after t+e '$ressonG and t+at t+s 8as bet8een ** and **.;> n t+e 'ornn&.
T+e follo8n& note 8as 'ade b" G)rne"J
I +a2e seen t+e letter 8+c+ /r. Re)le'ans 8rote to +s 8fe. T+e
en2elo$e bears t+e $ostC'ar3 of 6ort+n&1 October ;rdG and t+e $ostscr$t
contaned t+e follo8n& 8ordsJ /nd lttle Gaston does not fall o)t of bed.
+i,LLI- P)t c+ars n front of t. Yo) 3no8 accdents soon +a$$en. T+e fact
s1 I a' al'ost certan +e +as 'et 8t+ s)c+ a 's+a$ t+s 2er" 'ornn&.9
/rs. Re)le'ans5 a)nt s)$$led t+e follo8n& test'on"1 a da" or t8o
after /r. Re)le'ans5 letter of October *Bt+J
;B TEVILLE (TREET1 6ORT-I!G.
/rs. Re)le'ans ('" nece) and +er bab" are sta"n& at '" +o)se. T+e
bab" +ad fallen o)t of bed t+e 'ornn& of t+e da" t+e letter Li.e. /r.
Re)le'ans5 letterM 8as rece2ed.
C. GR%Y.
''( B . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;*. T+e follo8n& case1
t+o)&+ )ndo)btedl" sensor"1 see's stll to belon& to a so'e8+at
ndescrbable sta&e of 2s)alsaton. If nter$reted as tele$at+c1 t s f)rt+er
of nterest as ll)stratn& t+at rarer t"$e 8+ere t+e $+antas' s not 'erel"
re$resentat2e of t+e a&ent1 b)t 2sbl" re$rod)ces so'e act)al $erce$t or
dea 8+c+ s $ro'nentl" $resent at t+e t'e to t+e a&ent5s consco)sness.
T+e acco)nt s fro' /r. 4. Gottsc+al31 of .> %da'son Road1 BelsNe Par31
!.6.1 and s dated 4ebr)ar" *.1 *AAB.
L/r. Gottsc+al3 be&ns b" descrbn& a frends+$ 8+c+ +e for'ed 8t+
/r. Co)rtena" T+or$e1 at t+e roo's of ,r. ("l2an /a"er1 on t+e e2enn&
of 4ebr)ar" .>t+1 *AA?. On 4ebr)ar" .<t+1 ben& an#o)s to +ear a
$artc)lar rectaton 8+c+ /r. T+or$e 8as s+ortl" &on& to &2e1 /r.
Gottsc+al3 8rote to +'1 at t+e Prnce5s T+eatre1 to as3 8+at t+e +o)r of t+e
rectaton 8as to be.M In t+e e2enn& I 8as &on& o)t to see so'e frends1
8+en on t+e road t+ere see'ed s)ddenl" to de2elo$ tself before 'e a dsc
of l&+t1 8+c+ a$$eared to be on a dfferent $lane to e2er"t+n& else n
2e8. It 8as not $ossble for 'e to f# t+e dstance at 8+c+ t see'ed to be
fro' 'e.
*
E#a'nn& t+e ll)'ned s$ace1 I fo)nd t+at t8o +ands 8ere
2sble. T+e" 8ere en&a&ed n dra8n& a letter fro' an en2elo$e 8+c+ I
nstnct2el" felt to be 'ne and1 n conseE)ence1 t+o)&+t ''edatel" t+at
t+e +ands 8ere t+ose of /r. T+or$e. I +ad not $re2o)sl" been t+n3n& of
+'1 b)t at t+e 'o'ent t+e con2cton ca'e to 'e 8t+ s)c+ ntenst" t+at t
8as rresstble. !ot ben& n an" 8a" a8eCstr)c3 b" t+e e#traordnar"
nat)re and no2elt" of t+s ncdent1 b)t n a $erfectl" cal' fra'e of 'nd1 I
e#a'ned t+e $ct)re1 and fo)nd t+at t+e +ands 8ere 2er" 8+te1 and bared
)$ to so'e dstance abo2e t+e 8rst. Eac+ forear' ter'nated n a r)ffleG
be"ond t+at not+n& 8as to be seen. T+e 2son lasted abo)t a 'n)te. %fter
ts dsa$$earance I deter'ned to fnd o)t 8+at connecton t 'a" +a2e +ad
8t+ /r. T+or$e5s act)al $)rs)t at t+e 'o'ent1 and 8ent to t+e nearest
la'$C$ost and noted t+e t'e.
B" t+e frst $ost t+e ne#t 'ornn&1 I rece2ed an ans8er fro' /r.
T+or$e1 8+c+ be&an n t+e follo8n& 8a"J Tell 'e1 $ra" tell 'e1 8+" dd
I1 8+en I sa8 "o)r letter n t+e rac3 at t+e Prnce5s T+eatre1 3no8 t+at t 8as
fro' "o)W9 L +i,LLJ- 6e +a2e seen t+s letter1 8+c+ s dated T)esda"
n&+t9G and 4ebr)ar" .<t+1 *AA?1 fell on a T)esda".M /r. T+or$e +ad no
e#$ectaton of rece2n& a letter fro' 'e1 nor +ad +e e2er seen '" 8rtn&.
E2en +ad +e seen t1 +s 3no8led&e of t 8o)ld not affect t+e ss)e of t+e
E)eston1 as +e ass)red 'e t+at t+e '$resson arr2ed t+e 'o'ent +e sa8
t+ere 8as a letter )nder t+e T cl$19 before an" 8rtn& 8as 2sble. L/r.
Gottsc+al3 e#$lans t+at fro' t+e constr)cton of t+e rac31 8+c+ +e +as
e#a'ned1 t+e address on t+e en2elo$e 8o)ld be n2sble.M
On t+e e2enn& of 4ebr)ar" .=t+1 b" arran&e'ent1 I a&an 'et +' at t+e
roo's of ,r. /a"er1 and t+ere $)t E)estons to +' 8t+ a 2e8 to elctn&
so'e e#$lanaton. %s near as $ossble1 I &2e t+e' as t+e" 8ere $)t at t+e
t'e1 and add t+e ans8ers. It s necessar" for 'e +ere to state t+at +e and t+e
,octor 8ere n co'$lete &norance of 8+at +ad +a$$ened to 'e. -a2n&
frst '$ressed )$on +' t+e necesst" of ans8ern& n a cate&orcal 'anner
and 8t+ t+e &reatest $ossble acc)rac"1 I co''encedJ
6+en dd "o) &et '" T)esda"5s letterW9 %t = n t+e e2enn&1 8+en I
arr2ed at t+e t+eatre.9 T+en 8+at +a$$enedW9 I read t1 b)t1 ben& 2er"
late1 n s)c+ a +)rr" t+at 8+en I +ad fns+ed I 8as as &norant of ts
contents as f I +ad ne2er seen t.9 T+enW9 I dressed1 8ent on t+e sta&e1
$la"ed '" $art1 and ca'e off.9 6+at 8as t+e t'e t+enW9 %bo)t .>
'n)tes $ast A.9 6+at +a$$ened t+enW9 I tal3ed for a t'e 8t+ so'e of
t+e co'$an" n '" dressn&Croo'.9 4or +o8 lon&W9 T8ent" 'n)tes.9
6+at dd "o) t+en doW9 T+e" +a2n& left 'e1 '" frst t+o)&+t 8as to fnd
"o)r letter. I loo3ed e2er"8+ere for t1 n 2an. I t)rned o)t t+e $oc3ets of
'" ordnar" clot+es1 and searc+ed a'on& t+e 'an" t+n&s t+at enc)'bered
'" dressn&Ctable. I 8as anno"ed at not fndn& t ''edatel"1 es$ecall"
as I 8as an#o)s to 3no8 8+at t 8as abo)t. (tran&el" eno)&+ I dsco2ered
t e2ent)all" n t+e coat 8+c+ I +ad D)st 8orn n t+e $ece H(c+ool for
(candal.I I ''edatel" read t a&an1 8as del&+ted to rece2e t1 and
decded to ans8er at once.9 !o8 be 2er" e#act. 6+at 8as t+e t'e 8+en
"o) read t on t+e second occasonW9 %s nearl" as I can sa"1 *> 'n)tes to
@.9
T+ere)$on I dre8 fro' '" $oc3et a lttle $oc3etCdar" n 8+c+ I +ad
noted t+e t'e of '" 2son1 and as3ed ,r. /a"er to read 8+at 8as 8rtten
)nder t+e date .<t+ 4ebr)ar".
E&+t 'n)tes to @.9
L/r. Gottsc+al3 +as 3ndl" allo8ed )s to ns$ect +s dar"1 8+c+
confr's all t+e dates &2en.M
-a2n& establs+ed n t+s 8a"1 8t+o)t an" assstance1 t+e concdence
of t'e bet8een +s act)all" o$enn& t+e en2elo$e and '" seen& +' do so1
I 8as satsfed as to t+e $rnc$al $art1 and $roceeded to anal"se t+e ncdent
n detal. T+e 8+teness of t+e +ands 8as acco)nted for b" t+e fact t+at
actors n2arabl" 8+ten t+er +ands 8+en $la"n& a $art l3e t+e one /r.
T+or$e 8as en&a&ed n(na3e9 n t+e (c+ool for (candal.9 T+e r)ffles
also for'ed $art of t+e dress n t+s $ece. T+e" 8ere attac+ed to t+e s+ort
slee2es of t+e s+rt 8+c+ /r. T+or$e 8as act)all" 8earn& 8+en +e o$ened
'" letter.
T+s s t+e frst +all)cnaton I e2er +ad. I +a2e +ad one snce of a
s'lar nat)re1 8+c+ I 8ll reco)nt se$aratel".
4ER,I!%!, GOTT(C-%LR.
,r. /a"er1 of <. (o'erset (treet1 Port'an (E)are1 6.1 corroborates as
follo8sJ
+i,LLK-
2arch *st, *AAB.
I 8ell re'e'ber +a2n& read so'et+n& Li.e. n /r. Gottsc+al35s dar"M
t+e e#act 8ords 'e'or" 8ll not allo8 'e to &2e8+c+ talled al'ost
e#actl" 8t+ t+e stor" told b" Co)rtena" T+or$eG and can bear $ost2e
test'on" of t+e abo2e con2ersaton +a2n& ta3en $lace.
(YLV%I! /%YER.
6e cannot la" an" stress on /r. T+or$e5s '$resson as to t+e letter and
ts 8rter1 snce t+at 'a" easl" +a2e been accdental. B)t t s a $ont to be
notced t+at +e read t+e letter 8t+ 2er" decded $leas)re1 after a
consderable +)nt for tn ot+er 8ords1 t+at t+e readn& of t+e letter stood
o)t rat+er dstnctl" fro' t+e &eneral r)n of s)c+ e#$erences. T+o)&+ t+e
ncdent s tr2al1 t+e close corres$ondence of t'e and detal s stron&l"
s)&&est2e of tele$at+c clar2o"ance. In t+e second case 'entoned1 an
ll)'nated dsc 8as a&an seen1 8+c+ see'ed not to belon& to t+e
s)rro)ndn&s9G b)t t+e detals 8ere not E)te as dstnct2e as n t+e abo2e
nstance.
''( C . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;?. In t+e case D)st
E)oted1 t+e 2son +ardl" s)&&ested a real e#ternal obDect1 and f)rt+er sta&es
re'an1 on t+e $at+ to t+e fnal one of nat)ral soldCloo3n& e#ternalt". In
t+e follo8n& case t+e 'a&e a$$eared 8t+ a sort of a$$arent relef1 b)t
certanl" not "et as coCordnate n an" nat)ral fas+on 8t+ t+e real obDects
n 2e8. T+e acco)nt s fro' /r. Rc+ard (earle1 barrster1 of -o'e Lod&e1
-erne -ll1 8+o tells )s t+at +e +as +ad no ot+er e#$erence of a
+all)cnaton.
November .nd, *AA;.
One afternoon1 a fe8 "ears a&o1 I 8as sttn& n '" c+a'bers n t+e
Te'$le1 8or3n& at so'e $a$ers. /" des3 s bet8een t+e fre$lace and one
of t+e 8ndo8s1 t+e 8ndo8 ben& t8o or t+ree "ards on t+e left sde of '"
c+ar1 and loo3n& o)t nto t+e Te'$le. ()ddenl" I beca'e a8are t+at I 8as
loo3n& at t+e botto' 8ndo8C$ane1 8+c+ 8as abo)t on a le2el 8t+ '"
e"es1 and t+ere I sa8 t+e f&)re of t+e +ead and face of '" 8fe1 n a
reclnn& $oston1 8t+ t+e e"es closed and t+e face E)te 8+te and
bloodless1 as f s+e 8ere dead.
I $)lled '"self to&et+er1 and &ot )$ and loo3ed o)t of t+e 8ndo81
8+ere I sa8 not+n& b)t t+e +o)ses o$$oste1 and I ca'e to t+e concl)son
t+at I +ad been dro8s" and +ad fallen aslee$1 and1 after ta3n& a fe8 t)rns
abo)t t+e roo' to ro)se '"self1 I sat do8n a&an to '" 8or3 and t+o)&+t no
'ore of t+e 'atter.
I 8ent +o'e at '" )s)al t'e t+at e2enn&1 and 8+lst '" 8fe and I
8ere at dnner1 s+e told 'e t+at s+e +ad l)nc+ed 8t+ a frend 8+o l2ed n
Glo)cester Gardens1 and t+at s+e +ad ta3en 8t+ +er a lttle c+ld1 one of +er
neces1 8+o 8as sta"n& 8t+ )sG b)t d)rn& l)nc+1 or D)st after t1 t+e c+ld
+ad a fall and sl&+tl" c)t +er face so t+at t+e blood ca'e. %fter telln& t+e
stor"1 '" 8fe added t+at s+e 8as so alar'ed 8+en s+e sa8 t+e blood on
t+e c+ld5s face t+at s+e +ad fanted. 6+at I +ad seen n t+e 8ndo8 t+en
occ)rred to '" 'nd1 and I as3ed +er 8+at t'e t 8as 8+en t+s +a$$ened.
(+e sad1 as far as s+e re'e'bered1 t ')st +a2e been a fe8 'n)tes after .
o5cloc3. T+s 8as t+e t'e1 as nearl" as I co)ld calc)late1 not +a2n& loo3ed
at '" 8atc+1 8+en I sa8 t+e f&)re n t+e 8ndo8C$ane.
+i,LLL-
I +a2e onl" to add t+at t+s s t+e onl" occason on 8+c+ I +a2e 3no8n
'" 8fe to +a2e +ad a fantn&Cft. (+e 8as n bad +ealt+ at t+e t'e1 and I
dd not 'enton to +er 8+at I +ad seen )ntl a fe8 da"s after8ards1 8+en
s+e +ad beco'e stron&er. I 'entoned t+e occ)rrence to se2eral of '"
frends at t+e t'e.
R.(.
/r. Pa)l Perrard1 of .= Glo)cester Gardens1 6.1 8rtes as follo8sJ
<th *ecember *AA;.
It 'a" be nterestn& for s$ecal obser2ers to +a2e a record of an
e#traordnar" occ)rrence 8+c+ +a$$ened abo)t fo)r "ears a&o at '"
resdence1 .= Glo)cester Gardens1 6.
%t an afternoon $art" of lades and c+ldren1 a'on& 8+o' 8ere /rs.
(earle1 of -o'e Lod&e1 -erne -ll1 and +er lttle nece1 Lo)se1 t+ere 8as a
rat+er nos"1 b)stln&1 and a')sn& &a'e ro)nd a table1 8+en lttle Lo)se
fell fro' +er c+ar and +)rt +erself sl&+tl". T+e fear of a &ra2e accdent
ca)sed /rs. (earle to be 2er" e#cted1 and s+e fanted.
T+e da" after1 8e 'et /r. (earle1 8+o stated t+at n t+e afternoon of t+e
$recedn& da" +e +ad been readn& '$ortant cases n +s c+a'bers1 !o. B
P)'$ Co)rt1 Te'$le1 8+en a $ec)lar feeln& o2erca'e +'1 and +e
dstnctl" sa81 as t 8ere n a loo3n&C&lass1 t+e 2er" 'a&e of +s 8fe
leann& bac3 n a s8oon1 8+c+ see'ed 2er" stran&e at t+e 'o'ent.
B" co'$arn& t+e t'e1 t 8as fo)nd t+at t+s e#traordnar" 2son 8as
$rod)ced at t+e 2er" sa'e nstant as t+e related ncdent.
6e often s$o3e of t+e case to&et+er1 and co)ld not fnd an" e#$lanaton
to co'$letel" satsf" o)r 'ndsG b)t 8e re&stered t+s rare fact for 8+c+ a
na'e s 8anted.
P%:L PIERR%R,.
-ere t+ere 8as 'ore t+an t+e 'ere re$resentaton of t+e a&entG s+e 8as
re$resented a$$arentl" n t+e as$ect 8+c+ s+e act)all" 8ore1 b)t n 8+c+
t+e $erc$ent +ad ne2er seen +er1 and n 8+c+ s+e 8o)ld +ardl" be
consco)sl" $ct)rn& +erself. 6e are scarcel" dr2en1 +o8e2er1 n t+s case1
to t+e dffc)lt conce$ton of tele$at+c clar2o"ance9G for t s $ossble to
s)$$ose t+at t+e idea of fantn&1 '$ressed on /r. (earle5s 'nd1 8or3ed
tself o)t nto $erce$ton n an a$$ro$rate fas+on.
''( D . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;=. T+e sta&e of
2s)alsaton n t+e ne#t case s $artc)larl" nterestn&. T+e narrator s /rs.
Ta)nton1 of Broo3 Vale1 6tton1 Br'n&+a'.
1anuary *?th, *AA<.
On T+)rsda" e2enn&1 *<t+ !o2e'ber *AB=1 I 8as sttn& n t+e
Br'n&+a' To8n -all 8t+ '" +)sband at a concert1 8+en t+ere ca'e
o2er 'e t+e c" c+ll 8+c+ )s)all" acco'$anes t+ese occ)rrences.
*
%l'ost
''edatel"1 I sa8 8t+ $erfect dstnctness1 bet8een '"self and t+e
orc+estra1 '" )ncle1 /r. 6.1 l"n& n bed 8t+ an a$$ealn& loo3 on +s
face1 l3e one d"n&. I +ad not +eard an"t+n& of +' for se2eral 'ont+s1
and +ad no reason to t+n3 +e 8as ll. T+e a$$earance 8as not trans$arent or
fl'"1 b)t $erfectl" soldCloo3n&G +i,LLM- and yet ( coud someho# see the
orchestra, not through, but behind it. I dd not tr" t)rnn& '" e"es to see
8+et+er t+e f&)re 'o2ed 8t+ t+e'1 b)t loo3ed at t 8t+ a fascnated
e#$resson t+at 'ade '" +)sband as3 f I 8as ll. I as3ed +' not to s$ea3
to 'e for a 'n)te or t8oG t+e 2son &rad)all" dsa$$eared1 and I told '"
+)sband1 after t+e concert 8as o2er1 8+at I +ad seen. % letter ca'e s+ortl"
after telln& of '" )ncle5s deat+. -e ded at e#actl" t+e t'e 8+en I sa8 t+e
2son.
E. 4. T%:!TO!.
LT+e s&nat)re of /rs. Ta)nton5s +)sband s also a$$ended.M
RIC-. -. T%:!TO!.
L6e fnd fro' an obt)ar" notce n t+e )e$ast Ne#s,.etter t+at /r. 6.
ded on !o2e'ber *<t+1 *AB=.M
T+e $+antas' +ere 8as $erfectl" e#ternal1 and s descrbed as $erfectl"
soldCloo3n&9G "et t certanl" dd not +old to t+e real obDects aro)nd t+e
sa'e relaton as a f&)re of fles+ and blood 8o)ld +a2e +eldG t 8as n a
$ec)lar 8a" trans$arent. T+s feat)re s notceable1 as t s one 8+c+
occasonall" occ)rs also n +all)cnatons of t+e $)rel" s)bDect2e class.
*
It
'a" t+)s be ta3en as one of t+e n)'ero)s 'nor ndcatons of t+e
+all)cnator" c+aracter of tele$at+c $+antas's (see &hantasms, c+a$. #.
*>).
T+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
#.) &2es f)rt+er e#a'$les of 8+at are t+ere called nco'$letel" de2elo$ed
+all)cnatons19 and dsc)sses n c+a$ter 2. t+e dstncton bet8een 'ental
'a&es1 ncl)dn& 8+at Randns3"
.
calls $se)doC+all)cnatons19 +i,LLN-
and f)ll" e#ternalsed sensor" +all)cnatons. E#a'$les of f&)res &rad)all"
de2elo$ed o)t of a 'st or &lo8 of l&+t are &2en on $$. **=1 *.>1 and .@;1
and e#a'$les of trans$arent f&)res on $$. **=1 **@1 and *<; of t+e
Re$ort.9
''3 A . In t+e %$$endces to secton +(, I +a2e &2en so'e cases of
$re'ontons occ)rrn& n drea's. Ot+er $reco&nt2e cases are &2en n '"
artcle on T+e ()bl'nal (elfJ t+e Relaton of ()$ernor'al P+eno'ena to
T'e9 (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ;;<K?@;)1 and I E)ote +ere one of
t+e' (fro' $. ?=;). T+e narrat2e co'es fro' ,r. %. (. 6ltse1 of (3dd"1
Ransas1 $ersonall" 3no8n to ,r. -od&son and '"self as a caref)l and
conscento)s 8tness1 8+o 8rtesJ
T+s ncdent occ)rred n /or&an Co.1 Tennessee1 I t+n3 n t+e s$rn&
of *A=A. /rs. 6ltse and '"self +ad s$ent t+e da" 8t+ +er 'ot+er and
ste$fat+er1 /r. and /rs. Todd. I +ad $assed 'ost of t+e da" 8t+ /r. Todd
n t+e feld 8+ere +e 8as $lantn& corn. 6e retred earl"1 and /rs. 6ltse
al'ost ''edatel" fell aslee$.
/r. Todd and '"self ben& 8a3ef)l1 la" and tal3ed. T+ere 8as b)t one
roo'1 n 8+c+ t+ere 8as an o$en fre$lace contann& fre 'ostl" b)red )$
8t+ as+es1 a lar&e $ne 3not +a2n& been lad on to$ of t+ese e'bers1 and so
nearl" b)red n as+es as to &2e abo)t a one candle $o8er of l&+t.Y
6+le 8e 8ere tal3n&1 I sa8 a $ct)re slde on to t+e 8all at '" feet1 at
s)c+ a +e&+t as to rest easl" n t+e lne of '" 2son. I called to /r. and
/rs. Todd to cease tal3n&1 and told t+e' 8+at I sa8. T+e $ct)re 8as so'e
feet n sNe eac+ 8a"1 and re'aned before 'e lon& eno)&+ for 'e to
descrbe LtM n detal to t+e'. It 8as a landsca$e1 t+e 'an feat)res n 8+c+
8ere a r2er 8t+ a lar&e cree3 e'$t"n& nto t 2er" nearl" at r&+t an&les.
6+en I +ad &2en a f)ll descr$ton1 t+e $ct)re dsa$$eared 8t+ a E)c3
'o2e'ent l3e t+at 8t+ 8+c+ t +ad a$$eared1 b)t n t+e o$$oste drecton
fro' 8+c+ t ca'e. /r. Todd sad1 Yo) +a2e descrbed E'erald R2er
and Roc3 Cree3 8+ere t e'$tes nto t198+c+ I t+o)&+t correct1 as I
8as fa'lar 8t+ t+e t8o strea's.
6+le 8e 8ere tal3n&1 anot+er $ct)re sld on to t+e 8all n t+e sa'e
'anner as t+e frst one. It 8as t+e sa'e $ct)re as t+e frst1 8t+ t+e addton
of se2eral o$en felds and 8ooded lands alon& t+e ban3s. In one of t+e felds
8as a lo&C+o)se 8t+ ts s)rro)ndn&s 8+c+ I dd not reco&nse. T+e $ct)re
re'aned statonar" )ntl I +ad descrbed t t+oro)&+l"1 8+en t dsa$$eared
s'larl" to t+e frst.
Bot+ Todd and +s 8fe sad I +ad descrbed t+e Cass ,a2s -o)se19
8+c+ 8as abo)t a 'le dstant1 across t+e r2er. %t t+s anot+er $ct)re sld
on to t+e 8all1 t+e 2er" co)nter$art of t+e second one1 e#ce$t t+at a &ood
$orton of t+e landsca$e 8as left o)t1 b)t t+e +o)se 8as t+ere1 t+e door of
8+c+ 8as closed1 and as I anno)nced ts a$$earance1 I +eard t+e ')ffled
re$ort of a &)n on t+e nsde of t+e +o)se1 and ''edatel" after8ards t+e
door fle8 o$en and a 'an r)s+ed o)t see'n&l" n a &reat fr&+t.
%t t+s $ont Todd sad1 (ee +ere1 ,oc.1 are "o) seen& t+ese t+n&s1 or
D)st $la"n& off a dr2e on )sW9 I ass)red +' t+at I act)all" sa81 or see'ed
to see t+e t+n&s I descrbed1 alt+o)&+ t+e" dd not see' $ossessed of
soldt"1 b)t 8ere 'ore as f one s+o)ld breat+e o2er a loo3n&C&lass1 t+en
stand at so'e dstance fro' t and obser2e +s 'a&eG t 8o)ld loo3
s+ado8" and d'.
+i,LLO-
In t+e 'eant'e t+e door of t+e +o)se n t+e $ct)re +ad been left o$en
so t+at I co)ld see nto t+e +o)se1 8+ere I sa8 a 'an sta&&ern& to8ard t+e
door 8t+ blood r)nnn& fro' +s 'o)t+. -e reac+ed t+e door1 8+ere +e
s)$$orted +'self b" leann& a&anst t+e doorCfacn&1 and steaded +'self
off t+e doorste$ on to t+e &ro)nd. In so don& +e left t+e $rnt of +s +and n
blood )$on t+e doorCfacn&.
%t t+s $ont t+e $ct)re a&an dsa$$eared and 8as ''edatel"
re$laced b" anot+er ')c+ t+e sa'e as t+e ot+er1 b)t n t t+e dead bod" of
t+e 'an 8as l"n& on t+e &ro)nd so'e fe8 feet fro' t+e door1 8+le fro'
t+e feld ad2anced se2eral $eo$le1 8t+ +oes and 'attoc3s n t+er +ands1
8+o &at+ered ro)nd t+e bod" n a$$arent e#cte'ent and consternaton1
8+en t+e $ct)re 2ans+ed and I sa8 not+n& 'ore.
I as3ed Todd f +e 8as s)re of t+e +o)seG +e ass)red 'e t+at t bore t+e
e#act descr$ton I +ad &2en. I as3ed f t+ere 8as an" r)'o)r1 or e2er +ad
been to +s 3no8led&e1 of a tra&ed" +a2n& occ)rred t+ere. !ot t+at +e +ad
e2er +eard of.9 I bele2e I sad t+at so'et+n& of t+e 3nd +as occ)rred
t+ere or else 8ll. If t s $ast 8e 'a" ne2er 3no8 tG f t s to co'e1 8e 'a"
see.9
6+en t+e corn 8+c+ Todd +ad $lanted t+at da" 8as read" for +oen&1 I
8as 8t+ +' a&an n t+e feld a $orton of a da"1 and to&et+er 8e left t+e
feld and started to &o to 6artb)r&1 t+e co)nt" seat abo)t t8o 'les dstant.
On t+e 8a" 8e 'et Cass *avis, a E)adroon1 8+o as3ed )s f 8e +ad +eard
of -enderson 6+tta3er 3lln& +'self. 6e +ad not1 and +e told )s t+at
d)rn& t+e (forenoon1 I t+n3) 6+tta3er 8ent nto t+e +o)se1 8+ere /r.
-a)n 8as sttn& alone1 and as3ed -a)n to loan +' +s rfle to &o +)ntn&.
-a)n $onted to t+e corner 8+ere t+e rfle stood1 sa"n&1 I don5t 3no8
8+et+er t s loaded or not.9 6+tta3er $)t +s 'o)t+ o2er t+e ')NNle to
blo8 nto t+e &)n1 $)s+n& bac3 t+e +a''er 8t+ +s foot. T+e foot sl$$ed
off and t+e &)n 8as dsc+ar&ed nto +s 'o)t+. -a)n ran o)t nto t+e feld
for +el$. T+e +ands ca'e )$ and I t+n3 fo)nd t+e "o)n& 'an dead n t+e
"ard. I +a2e also been told t+at t+e +andC$rnt of blood 8as left )$on t+e
doorCfacn&1 b)t t+ese lesser $onts can be learned best fro' $artes 8+o
l2ed n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood at t+e t'e. T+e 'an $onts are absol)tel"
certan. T+e tra&ed" occ)rred n t+e +o)se I +ad descrbed1 and 8as of
s)bstantall" t+e nat)re I +ad descrbed fro' t+e $ct)reC8rtn& on t+e 8all.
6e obtaned t+e follo8n& ans8ers to E)estons sent to /r. 6lla'
Todd1 7an)ar" *?t+1 *A@*1 re ,r. 6ltse5s Vson.
X. *. ,d ,r. 6ltse descrbe to "o) $ct)re a$$earances 8+c+ +e sad
+e 8as seen& at t+e t'eW9
%. *. Yes.9
X. .. ,d +e descrbe $artc)lars of 8+at +e 8as seen&1 s)c+ as t+e
$rnt of a blood" +and )$on t+e doorCfacn& of t+e Cass ,a2s -o)seG t+e
so)nd of a &)n nsdeG one 'an r)nnn& o)t n a$$arent fr&+t and t+e ot+er
sta&&ern& o)t of t+e door8a" and d"n& )$on t+e &ro)nd near t+e doorW9
%. .. -e dd descrbe t+e $lace and as3ed 'e f I 3ne8 of s)c+ a $laceG
I told +' t+at t 8as t+e Cass ,a2s -o)se.9
X. ;. ,o "o) recollect f +e told "o) +e bele2ed so'et+n& of s)c+
nat)re +ad +a$$ened n t+e Cass ,a2s -o)se1 or else 8o)ld n t+e f)t)reW9
+i,LMP-
%. ;. -e told 'e t+at so'et+n& +ad +a$$ened at t+at $lace1 or 8o)ld
n t+e f)t)re.9
X. <. ,d t+e f)t)re e2ents n t+at +o)se1 n t+e 'atter of t+e deat+ of
-. 6+tta3er1 lead "o) to concl)de t+at ,r. 6ltse reall" sa8 t+at n&+t
8+at +e told "o) +e 8as seen&W9
%. <. It dd as to -. 6+tta3er1 and I do bele2e +e sa8 8+at +e sad +e
sa8.9
6/. TO,,1 1anuary .Bth, *A@*.
/r. /. -a)n 8rtes as follo8s to ,r. -od&sonJ
+i,LMG-
RI(/ET1 TE!!.1 2arch .nd, *A@*.
Yo)r reE)est rece2ed1 and 8ll sa" n re$l"1 *st1 t+at I re'e'ber ,r. %.
(. 6ltse +a2n& told 'e of +s $ro$+etc 2son19 b)t 8+et+er t 8as
before or after t+e f)lfl'ent I can5t sa". -o8e2er1 t+e facts 8ere abo)t as
follo8sJ T+e "o)n& 'an s+ot +'self n t+e 'o)t+ 8+le atte'$tn& to blo8
n t+e &)nG ball $assed o)t t+ro)&+ t+e bac3 of +s nec3 D)st n t+e ed&e of
+s +ar1 r)$t)rn& so'e lar&e 2en or arter". -e fell nstantl" and 8as
)nable to )tter a 8ord ntell&bl". -e rased +'self )$ on +s +ands 8t+
+s +ead droo$n& o2er1 and fro' +s 'o)t+ t+e blood ran $rof)sel"1 'a3n&
a lar&e $ool of blood )$on t+e floor. I ran abo)t fort" rods fro' t+e +o)se to
call t+e nearest +el$1 and on ret)rnn& fo)nd t+e "o)n& 'an l"n& f)ll
len&t+1 flat on +s face1 dead1 +s +at l"n& on t+e doorste$G t+e $rnt of +s
+and 'ade on doorCcasn&G t see'ed t+at +e +ad cra8led o)t )$on +s
+ands and 3nees.
!o8 t+e +andC$rnt on t+e doorG t+e bloodCstaned +at on t+e doorste$sG
t+e 3nd of +o)se and ts locatonG t+e season of t+e "ear 8+en t+e accdent
occ)rred1 corres$ond 8t+ t+e ,r.5s 2son1 f I re'e'ber correctl".
T+e tra&ed" occ)rred1 I t+n31 n t+e 'ont+ of 7)l"1 not far fro' t+e
*At+. %s to 8+en t+e ,r. +ad t+s 2son or drea' I don5t re'e'ber.
!o. I don5t re'e'ber t+n3n& of +s 2son at t+e t'e1 for1 as before
stated1 I don5t re'e'ber +a2n& +eard t before1 alt+o)&+ I '&+t +a2e +eard
t.
/%!IP-EE -%:!.
/r. 7. Bales 8rtes to ,r. -od&sonJ
6%RTB:RG1 TE!!.1 2arch *<th, *A@*.
In re$l" to "o)rs of .l.=1 8ll sa" t+at I re'e'ber +earn& ,r. 6ltse
tal3 of t+e occ)rrence "o) 'entoned n re&ard to t+e tra&ed" 8+c+
+a$$ened at t+e Cass ,a2s Place. -e told 'e of t before t +a$$ened1 and
8+en t dd occ)r +e ca'e and as3ed 'e f I re'e'bered 8+at +e +ad told
'e abo)t t before. %s to t+e dates1 I can5t re'e'ber e#actl"1 b)t t ')st
+a2e been t8el2e or fo)rteen "ears a&o. T+ere 8as no ne8s$a$er $)bls+ed
+ere at t+at t'e1 and t+ere 8as ne2er an" $)blcaton of t1 so far as I a'
a8are.
I do not re'e'ber t+e a$$earance of a blood" +and on t+e door or
an"8+ere else1 b)t t+ere 8as blood on t+e +o)se n dfferent $laces.
6o)ld +a2e ans8ered "o) sooner1 b)t I 8anted to re'e'ber correctl"
before 8rtn&. ,r. %. (. 6ltse consdered a tr)t+f)l and +onest 'an +ere.
7%/E( B%LE(.
/r. -o8ard 8rtes to ,r. -od&sonJ
RI(/ET1 TE!!.1 2arch .;rd, *A@L*M.
Yo)r nE)r" of recent date D)st rece2ed1 and 8ll sa" n re$l" t+at ,r.
6ltse told +s 2son to /r. 6lla' Todd and +s 8fe1 '" ste$fat+er and
'" 'ot+er1 a s+ort t'e before t+e occ)rrence. I 8as nfor'ed b" /r. Todd
t+at t+e detals n t+e case 8ere e#actl" s'lar to t+e ,r.5s 2son. /"
'ot+er stated t+e sa'e fact n '" +earn&1 b)t s+e s no8 dead. I )nderstand
fro' dfferent $artes t+at t+e bloodC$rnt1 &c.1 8ere e#actl" as seen n t+e
2son. ,r. 6ltse 8as sto$$n& at o)r +o)se (/r. Todd5s) at t+e t'e1 and1
after relatn& +s 2son1 '" ste$fat+er reco&nsed t+e $lace descrbed as t+e
Cass ,a2s -o)se19 8+ere t+e tra&ed" after8ards occ)rred. I 8o)ld refer
"o) to /r. 6lla' Todd for f)rt+er $artc)lars1 as +e $robabl" re'e'bers
t+e dateG I do not.
6. T. -O6%R,.
I 'a" refer also to a s'all &ro)$ of $redctons of n)'bers to be dra8n
n t+e conscr$ton for t+e Bel&an ar'"G t+e re$ort of 8+c+ 8as sent n
*A@< b" Professor G. -)ln1 of t+e :n2erst" of G+ent1 to Professor
(d&8c31 and &2en b" 'e at len&t+ n t+e $a$er alread" 'entoned
(&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ?<?). 42e cases of t+e r&+t n)'bers ben&
$redcted d)rn& t+e e&+t "ears1 *AABK@<1 are &2en on &ood a)t+ort"G t+e
n)'bers n t+e frst fo)r cases ben& res$ect2el"1 @>1 **.1 .*B1 n. T+e frst
case 8as an es$ecall" str3n& oneG a clearl" e#ternalsed 2son of t+e
n)'ber @> a$$eared to t+e $erc$ent1 and $rod)ced a stron& '$resson on
+s 'nd1 con2ncn& +' t+at +e 8o)ld dra8 t+at n)'ber. In t+e fft+ case
t+e 'an 8+o 8as to dra8 frst anno)nced t+at +s n)'ber 8o)ld be **B1
and on ben& told t+at t+at 8as alread" dra8n1 sad t 8o)ld be **?1 8+c+
t)rned o)t correct. T+e re$ort onl" $rofesses to &2e correct $redctons1 and
8e +a2e no 'eans of 3no8n& +o8 often $redctons of t+ese n)'bers are
'ade 8+c+ t)rn o)t 8ron&. !et+er are 8e told +o8 'an" n)'bers t+ere
8ere to dra8 fro'1 e#ce$t n one case1 8+ere t a$$ears t+at t+ere 8ere at
least *?>1 t+e lo8est of t+e' ben& <B and t+e +&+est ..;. In t+s case t+e
n)'ber .*B 8as t+e one r&+tl" &)essed. 6e ')st ass)'e1 I t+n31 t+at
t+ese facts 8ere 3no8n to t+e 'an 8+o 8as to dra8t+e narrat2e certanl"
does not e#cl)de t+s s)$$oston1 and1 n fact1 rat+er s)&&ests tand1 f so1
t+e c+ance of +s 'a3n& a correct &)ess 8as1 of co)rse1 abo)t * n *?>1 and
t+e cases are +ardl" n)'ero)s eno)&+ to e#cl)de t+e e#$lanaton of c+ance
concdence.
,r. G. B. Er'acora1 n an artcle $)bls+ed n *A@A n t+e 7ivista di
Studi &sichici (of 8+c+ a translaton1 8t+ t+e ttle ()r la $ossbltU des
t+Uores ratonnelles de la $rU'onton19 a$$eared n t+e Annaes des
Sciences &sychiques, 7an)ar"C4ebr)ar"1 *A@@1 $. <B)1 s)&&ests t+at t+e
f)lfl'ent of $re'ontons abo)t t+e res)lts of dra8n& b" lot8+en t+e
dra8n& s done b" t+e $erson 8+o e#$erences t+e $re'onton'&+t be
e#$laned b" telFst+esa1 as 8e '&+t s)$$ose t+at n s)c+ a case t+e
dra8n& of t+e n)'ber s not acco'$ls+ed blndl"1 b)t s &)ded b" a
s)$ernor'al $erce$ton 8+c+ leads t+e s)bDect to seect a)to'atcall"1 and
$robabl" )nconsco)sl"1 t+e $artc)lar n)'ber.
+i,LMH-
'', A . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .?. T+e follo8n& case s
nterestn& on acco)nt of t+e dfferent sta&es t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t+e '$resson
$assed. It 8ll be notced t+at t be&an 8t+ a 22d sense of $resence1 t+en
too3 t+e for' of an e#ternalsed 2s)al +all)cnaton1 b)t trans$arent1t+)s
ben& 8+at 8as called n t+e 7eport on the Census o$ 'aucinations (as D)st
'entoned) an nco'$letel" de2elo$ed +all)cnaton1and fnall" ass)'ed
a $se)doC+all)cnator"9 for'. T+e acco)nt 8as rece2ed b" 'e fro' /r.
Rearne1 of ;= %2on'ore Gardens1 6est Rensn&ton1 on ,ece'ber .<t+1
*A@<1 and t+e s&nat)res of t+e t8o ot+er 8tnesses 8ere added later.
On t+e e2enn& of 4ebr)ar" *>t+1 *A@<1 I 8as sttn& n '" roo'
e#$ectn& t+e ret)rn of t8o frends fro' a concert n t+e $ro2nces 8+ere
t+e" +ad been $erfor'n&. T+e frends n E)eston +ad l2ed 8t+ 'e for
so'e "ears1 and 8e 8ere 'ore t+an )s)all" attac+ed to one anot+er. I +ad
no 3no8led&e b" 8+at $artc)lar tran t+e" ntended ret)rnn& to to8n1 b)t
3ne8 8+en t+e last tran t+e" co)ld catc+ 8as d)e to arr2e n London (@.?
P./.) and +o8 lon& to a fe8 'n)tes t+e" 8o)ld ta3e fro' t+e ter'n)s to
&et +o'e (abo)t *> P./.). O)r $rofesson entals a &reat deal of tra2elln&G
'" frends +a2e +ad $lent" of e#$erence n t+s drecton1 and t+ere 8as no
E)eston of t+er ben& 8ell able to loo3 after t+e'sel2es. I 'a" D)st add
t+at one of t+ese frends +as 'ade t+s sa'e Do)rne" 8ee3l" for t+e last
e&+t or nne "ears1 so t+at I 3ne8 E)te 8ell +s )s)al t'e of arr2al at
L2er$ool (treet.
On t+e da" 'entoned t+e" 8ere $erfor'n& at an afternoon concert1 and
I +ad e2er" reason to bele2e t+e" 8o)ld be tred and &et +o'e as soon as
$ossble. I allo8ed +alfCanC+o)r be"ond t+e )s)al t'e (*>.;> P./.) of
arr2al to ela$se before I &ot at all )neas"1 s$ec)latn& as $eo$le 8ll )nder
s)c+ crc)'stances as to 8+at 8as 3ee$n& t+e'1 alt+o)&+ ar&)n& to
'"self all t+e t'e t+at t+ere 8as not t+e sl&+test occason for alar'. I t+en
too3 )$ a boo3 n 8+c+ I 8as ')c+ nterested1 sttn& n an eas" c+ar
before t+e fre 8t+ a readn&Cla'$ close to '" r&+t sde1 and n s)c+ a
$oston t+at onl" b" delberatel" t)rnn& ro)nd co)ld I see t+e 8ndo8 on
'" left1 before 8+c+ +ea2" c+enlle c)rtans 8ere dra8n. I +ad read so'e
t8ent" 'n)tes or so1 8as t+oro)&+l" absorbed n t+e boo31 '" 'nd 8as
$erfectl" E)et1 and for t+e t'e ben& '" frends 8ere E)te for&otten1
8+en s)ddenl" 8t+o)t a 'o'ent5s 8arnn& '" 8+ole ben& see'ed ro)sed
to t+e +&+est state of tenson or al2eness1 and I 8as a8are1 8t+ an
ntenseness not easl" 'a&ned b" t+ose 8+o +a2e ne2er e#$erenced t1
t+at anot+er ben& or $resence 8as not onl" n t+e roo' b)t close to 'e. I
$)t '" boo3 do8n1 and alt+o)&+ '" e#cte'ent 8as &reat1 I felt E)te
collected and not consco)s of an" sense of fear. 6t+o)t c+an&n& '"
$oston1 and loo3n& stra&+t at t+e fre1 I 3ne8 so'e+o8 t+at '" frend %.
-. 8as standn& at '" left elbo81 b)t so far be+nd 'e as to be +dden b"
t+e ar'Cc+ar n 8+c+ I 8as leann& bac3. /o2n& '" e"es ro)nd sl&+tl"
8t+o)t ot+er8se c+an&n& '" $oston1 t+e lo8er $orton of one le&
beca'e 2sble1 and I nstantl" reco&nsed t+e &re"Cbl)e 'ateral of tro)sers
+e often 8ore1 b)t t+e st)ff a$$eared se'Ctrans$arent1 re'ndn& 'e of
tobacco s'o3e n consstenc".
*
I co)ld +a2e to)c+ed t 8t+ '" +and
8t+o)t 'o2n& +i,LMI- 'ore t+an '" left ar'. 6t+ t+at c)ro)s nstnct2e
8s+ not to see 'ore of s)c+ a f&)re19 I dd no 'ore t+an &lance once or
t8ce at t+e a$$arton and t+en drected '" &aNe steadl" at t+e fre n front
of 'e. %n a$$recable s$ace of t'e $assed1$robabl" se2eral seconds n
all1 b)t see'n& n realt" ')c+ lon&er18+en t+e 'ost c)ro)s t+n&
+a$$ened. (tandn& )$r&+t bet8een 'e and t+e 8ndo8 on '" left1 and at
a dstance of abo)t fo)r feet fro' 'e and al'ost ''edatel" be+nd '"
c+ar1 I sa8 $erfectl" dstnctl" t+e f&)re of '" frend1t+e face 2er" $ale1
t+e +ead sl&+tl" t+ro8n bac31 t+e e"es s+)t1 and on one sde of t+e t+roat1
D)st )nder t+e Da81 a 8o)nd 8t+ blood on t. T+e f&)re re'aned
'otonless 8t+ t+e ar's close to t+e sdes1 and for so'e t'e1 +o8 lon& I
can5t sa"1 I loo3ed steadl" at tG t+en all at once ro)sed '"self1 t)rned
delberatel" ro)nd1 t+e f&)re 2ans+ed1 and I realsed nstantl" t+at I +ad
seen t+e f&)re be+nd 'e 8t+o)t 'o2n& fro' '" frst $oston1an
'$ossble feat $+"scall". I a' $erfectl" certan I ne2er 'o2ed '" $oston
fro' t+e frst a$$earance of t+e f&)re as seen $+"scall"1 )ntl t
dsa$$eared on '" t)rnn& ro)nd.
I s+o)ld l3e to state t+at for t+e last ffteen "ears I +a2e been t+e
8tness of $s"c+c $+eno'ena of al'ost e2er" 3nd1 t+at n conseE)ence I
a' not fl)rred or afrad at t+er a$$earance as one stran&e to t+e' 8o)ld
beG b)t n all t+at t'e ne2er once +as an"t+n& of a $s"c+cal nat)re
+a$$ened to 'e alone and )nso)&+t forG t 8as n fact a )nE)e e#$erence
to 'e. I 8as no8 of co)rse t+oro)&+l" alar'ed1 and as ra$dl" as $ossble
consdered 8+at 8as to be done. /" frst t+o)&+t 8as to &o to t+e ral8a"
ter'n)s and see f an"t+n& +ad +a$$ened. I1 +o8e2er1 caref)ll" noted t+e
t'e (*>.?> P./.) b" t+e cloc3 n front of 'e1 and reflected t+at f t+e
a$$arton 'eant an accdent to '" frend at an"t+n& l3e t+e t'e of ts
a$$earance1 t+e last tran +ad been d)e n London at least *m +o)rs1 so t+at
t co)ld not +a2e +a$$ened on t+e Do)rne" +o'e. -o8 I &ot t+ro)&+ t+e ne#t
<> 'n)tes1 8t+ o)r +o)se3ee$er 8orr"n& abo)t o)r 'ssn& frends1 I
don5t 3no8. %t t+e end of t+s t'e I +eard a +anso' sto$ before t+e door
(**.;? P./.). /" frends ca'e n and a$$arentl" LddM not +)rr" t+e'sel2es
to co'e )$ and see 'e1 fro' 8+c+ fact I felt reass)red t+at not+n& 2er"
sero)s co)ld +a2e +a$$ened1 or I s+o)ld +a2e been nfor'ed of t at once.
/" frend B. t+en ca'e )$1 sa"n&1 Co'e and see %. -.1 8+at a state +e s
n.9 I fo)nd +' n t+e bat+roo' 8t+ +s collar and s+rt torn o$en1 t+e
front of t+e latter 8t+ blood )$on t1 and bat+n& a 8o)nd )nder +s Da8
8+c+ 8as bleedn&. -s face 8as 2er" $ale1 and +e 8as e2dentl" s)ffern&
fro' a s+oc3 of so'e 3nd. %s soon as I co)ld1 I &ot an acco)nt of 8+at +ad
+a$$ened.
T+e" +ad arr2ed n London $)nct)all"1 and feeln& tred1 alt+o)&+ n
&ood s$rts1 dro2e 8t+ a t+rd &entle'an1 8+o +ad been $erfor'n& 8t+
t+e'1 to a resta)rant o$$oste Rn&5s Cross (taton to +a2e so'e s)$$er.
Before lea2n& t+e resta)rant1 '" frend1 %. -. (8+ose a$$arton I sa8)1
co'$laned of feeln& fant fro' t+e +eat of t+e $lace1 8ent o)t nto t+e
street to &et so'e fres+ ar1 and +ad +ardl" &ot nto t+e o$en 8+en +e felt +s
senses lea2e +'1 and +e fell +ea2l" for8ard1 str3n& +s Da8 on t+e ed&e of
t+e 3erb1 t+en rolln& o2er on +s bac3. On reco2ern& consco)sness1 t8o
$olce'en 8ere standn& o2er +'1 one of 8+o'1faln& to )nfasten +s
collar to &2e +' ar1+ad c)t bot+ t+at and +s te. %fter nfor'n& t+e
rest of t+e $art" of 8+at +ad +a$$ened1 a cab 8as called1 and '" t8o frends
8ere dr2en +o'e as E)c3l" as $ossble. T+e e#act t'e t+at '" frend1 %.
-.1 fanted 8as not of co)rse noted b" t+e'G b)t D)d&n& b" t+e a2era&e
t'e a cab ta3es to do t+e dstance1 +i,LMJ- c)t rat+er s+ort on t+s occason
n t+e effort to &et %. -. +o'e E)c3l"1 t 8o)ld corres$ond 8t+n t+ree
'n)tes to t+e t'e 8+en t+e a$$arton a$$eared to 'e.
In concl)son t 'a" be of nterest to state t+at a c)ro)s 'ental
s"'$at+" see's to e#st bet8een %. -. and '"self. In addton to t+e
$+eno'enon of sa"n& t+e sa'e t+n& at t+e sa'e t'e1 and ben& a8are on
s$ecal occasons of one anot+er5s t+o)&+ts1 I +a2e on 'an" occasons
dstnctl" felt +s a$$roac+ before seen& +'1 and &enerall" 8+en I +a2e
been 8al3n& n t+e street and +e +as o2erta3en 'e on t+e to$ of t+e Hb)s.
On one occason I 8as 'a3n& a $)rc+ase n a s+o$1 and t+e 'an too3 +s
t'e 8ra$$n& )$ t+e artcle I 8anted. 6t+o)t an" a$$arent reason1 I be&an
to &et )neas"1 and felt t+at )nless +e E)c3l" +anded 'e '" $arcel and let
'e &o1 I ')st lea2e t and &o nto t+e street. To +s astons+'ent1 I s)ddenl"
r)s+ed o)t of t+e s+o$1 sa8 '" frend rdn& $ast on a 5b)s1 s&ned to +' to
co'e do8n1 and 8e ret)rned to t+e s+o$ to&et+er. I don5t 3no8 8+c+ of t+e
t+ree 8as 'ost s)r$rsed.
LI +ad an nter2e8 8t+ /r. Rearne and /r. Bent on ,ece'ber .@t+1
*A@<1 8+en 8e 8ent caref)ll" o2er t+e times of t+e 2aro)s ncdents of t+e
e2enn& n E)eston1 and 8ere satsfed t+at t+e accdent and t+e a$$arton
8ere $robabl" s')ltaneo)s. /r. %. -.1 I )nderstand1 +ad no consco)s
t+o)&+t or '$resson of /r. Rearne at t+e t'e of t+e accdent.M
'', B . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. BA. T+e follo8n& s an
nstance of a 2s)al '$resson of a co'')ncaton 8+c+ t+e a&ent 8as at
t+e 'o'ent an#o)s to 'a3e to t+e $erc$ent It 8as sent to )s b" /r.
Robert Lod&e1 an %ssocate of t+e (ocet". T+e letters 8ere addressed to
+' b" a relat2e.
?> %,EL%I,E (X:%RE1 BE,4OR,1
9ebruary *=th, *A@*.
In ans8er to "o)r reE)est I send "o) acco)nt abo)t t+e tele&ra'.
On t+e .=t+ of %$rl *AA@1 8e 8ere e#$ectn& '" ssterCnCla8 and +er
da)&+ter fro' (o)t+ %'erca. /" 8fe1 ben& a8a" fro' +o'e1 8as )nable
to 'eet t+e' at (o)t+a'$ton1 so an nt'ate frend of t+e fa'l"1 a /r. P.1
offered to do so. It 8as bet8een ,erb" and Lecester abo)t ;.;> P./. /"
8fe 8as tra2elln& n t+e tran. (+e closed +er e"es to rest1 and at t+e sa'e
'o'ent a tele&ra' $a$er a$$eared before +er 8t+ t+e 8ords1 Co'e at
once1 "o)r sster s dan&ero)sl" ll.9 ,)rn& t+e afternoon I rece2ed a
tele&ra' fro' /r. P. to '" 8fe1 8orded e#actl" t+e sa'e and sent fro'
(o)t+a'$ton ;.;> P./. to Bedford. On '" 8fe5s arr2al +o'e abo)t @ P./.1
(&ned

PERCY RE%R!E1 1anuary @th1 *A@?.
%L4RE, -OB,%Y1 1anuary @th1
*A@?.
%RT-:R BE!T1 1anuary @th1 *A@?.
I deferred co'')ncatn& t )ntl s+e +ad so'e refres+'ent1 ben& 2er"
tred. I after8ards 'ade t+e re'ar31 I +a2e so'e ne8s for "o)19 and s+e
ans8ered1 Yes1 I t+o)&+t so1 "o) +a2e rece2ed a tele&ra' fro' /r. P.Z9 I
sad1 -o8 do "o) 3no8W9 (+e t+en told 'e t+e contents and +er stran&e
e#$erences n t+e tran1 and t+at t '$ressed +er so ')c+ t+at s+e felt E)te
an#o)s all t+e rest of t+e Do)rne".
6t+ re&ard to t+e abo2e1 '" 8fe +ad no dea of +er sster ben& ll1 and
8as not e2en at t+e t'e t+n3n& abo)t t+e'1 b)t 8as t+n3n& abo)t +er
o8n c+ld s+e +ad D)st left at a boardn& sc+ool. %lso t+e +and8rtn& '"
8fe +i,LMK- sa81 s+e reco&nsed at once to be /r. P.5s. B)t t+en1 a&an1 +e
8o)ld +a2e been 8rtn& on a 8+te $a$er for'1 and t+e one s+e sa8 8as
t+e )s)al bro8n colo)red $a$er.
4RE,R. L. LO,GE.
In re$l" to nE)res1 /r. 4. Lod&e 8rote as follo8sJ
T+e letter I sent "o)1 8t+ acco)nt of 2son1 I 8rote fro' '" 8fe5s
dctaton. %fter t occ)rred n t+e tran s+e too3 notce of t+e +o)r1 and fro'
t+e t'e 'ar3ed on t+e tele&ra' of ts des$atc+ fro' (o)t+a'$ton1 8e at
once re'ar3ed t ')st +a2e occ)rred as /r. P. 8as flln& n a for' at
(o)t+a'$ton. /r. P. s no8 n (o)t+ %'erca constr)ctn& a ral8a" lne1
and 8ll not ret)rn to En&land for abo)t a "ear. T+e occ)rrence 8as
'entoned to +'.
T8o "ears +a2n& ela$sed1 '" 8fe co)ld not sa" t+e e#act t'e no81
b)t t 8as bet8een ; and < P./.1 alt+o)&+ 8+en t +a$$ened1 8e dd notce
fro' t+e tele&ra' t+at t+e t'e corres$onded.
4RE,R. L. LO,GE.
'', C . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *<=. T+e follo8n& acco)nt
of a 2er" c)ro)s e#$erence of /r. ,c3nson1 a $+oto&ra$+er1 of <;
Gran&er (treet1 !e8castleConCT"ne1 8as obtaned for )s b" /r. E. T.
!sbet1 of !e8castleConCT"ne.
9ebruary .?th, *A@*.
On (at)rda"1 t+e ;rd of 7an)ar" t+s "ear1 I arr2ed at '" $lace of
b)sness a fe8 'n)tes before A %./. T+e o)ter door s $rotected b" an ron
&ate1 n 8+c+ s a s'aller loc3C)$ &ate1 t+ro)&+ 8+c+ I $assed nto t+e
$re'ses. -a2n& o$ened t+e offce and t)rned t+e &as on at 'eter1 and lt
t+e &asCfre1 I stood at t+e offce co)nter for a fe8 'n)tes 8atn& for t+e
lad 8+o ta3es do8n t+e ron &ate at t+e front door. Before t+e lad ca'e1
+o8e2er1 a &entle'an called to nE)re f +s $+oto&ra$+s 8ere fns+edG I
as3ed +' f +e +ad t+e rece$t (8+c+ )s)all" acco'$anes an" nE)r")1
and +e re$led t+at +e +ad no rece$t1 b)t +s $+oto&ra$+ 8as ta3en on
(&2n& t+e date)1 and t+at t+e $rnts 8ere $ro'sed to be sent to +' before
t+s call. -a2n& &ot t+e date and +s na'e1 I referred to '" boo3 and fo)nd
t+e order as +e stated. I read o)t to +' t+e na'e and address1 to 8+c+ +e
re$led1 T+at s r&+t.9 In '" boo3 I fo)nd a date &2en on 8+c+ t+e
ne&at2e 8as read" to be $)t nto t+e $rnter5s +ands1 and t+e date ben&
se2enteen da"s $re2o)s I +ad no +estaton n sa"n&1 6ell1 f "o) call
later on "o) 8ll &et so'e19 and I called +s attenton to t+e fact t+at t 8as
2er" earl"1 and e#$laned to +' t+at t+e e'$lo"Ues 8o)ld not be at 8or3
)ntl nne o5cloc31 and f +e co)ld call after t+at t'e +e 8o)ld be certan to
&et so'e of +s $+oto&ra$+s. -e sad1 I +a2e been tra2elln& all n&+t1 and
cannot call a&an.9 6t+ t+at +e t)rned abr)$tl"1 and 8ent o)t. %n#o)s to
retan +s &ood 8ll1 I s+o)ted after +'1 Can I $ost 8+at 'a" be doneW9
b)t I &ot no ans8er. I t)rned once 'ore to t+e boo31 loo3ed at t+e n)'ber1
and on a sl$ of $a$er 8rote1 !o. =@=B1 Thompson, post.9 (T+s I 8rote
8t+ $en and n31 and +a2e t+e $a$er "et.) %t nne o5cloc31 8+en /ss (.
(cler3 and rece$tonCroo' attendant) ca'e1 I +anded t+e sl$ of $a$er to +er
and as3ed +er to +a2e t attended to1 telln& +er t+at t+e 'an +ad called for
t+e'1 and see'ed ')c+ dsa$$onted t+at +e +ad not rece2ed t+e' before.
/ss (.1 8t+ consderable s)r$rse1 e#cla'edJ 6+"1 an old 'an called
abo)t t+ese $+oto&ra$+s "esterda" (4rda")1 and I told +' t+e" co)ld not be
read" t+s 8ee3 o8n& to t+e bad 8eat+er1 and t+at 8e 8ere nearl" t+ree
8ee3s be+nd 8t+ o)r 8or3.9 I s)&&ested t+at t 8as E)te t'e +i,LML- /r.
T+o'$son5s 8ere read"1 and nE)red 8+o 8as $rntn& t+e order. I 8as told
t 8as not n $rnt1 and $ontn& to a $le of ne&at2es /ss (. sad1
T+o'$son5s s a'on&st t+at lot1 and t+e" +a2e been 8atn& E)te a
fortn&+t.9 I as3ed to be s+o8n t+e ne&at2e1 and abo)t +alfCanC+o)r later
/ss (. called 'e1 sa"n&1 T+s s T+o'$son5s ne&at2e.9 I too3 t n '"
+ands and loo3ed at t caref)ll"1 re'ar3n&1 Yes1 t+at s tG t+at s t+e c+a$
8+o called t+s 'ornn&.9 /ss (. a&an referred to t+e fact t+at s+e +ad told
t+e 'an 8+o +ad called on t+e $re2o)s da" t+at none 8ere done1 or co)ld
be done t+at 8ee3. 6ell19 I sad1 $)t t+s to one sde and I 8ll see to t
'"self on /onda"1 and endea2o)r to +)rr" t for8ard.9 On t+e /onda"
(7an)ar" ?t+)1 I 8as n one of t+e $rntn& roo's1 and1 abo)t *>.;> %./.1
+a2n& one or t8o $rntn& fra'es e'$t"1 I t+o)&+t of T+o'$son5s ne&at2e1
and accordn&l" 8ent do8n to t+e offce and as3ed /ss (. for t. O+ "es19
s+e re$led1 and +ere are a fe8 'ore eE)all" )r&entG "o) 'a" ta3e t+e' as
8ell.9 I sad1 T+at cannot be1 as I +a2e onl" t8o or t+ree fra'es at lbert"9
(s+e +ad abo)t t8ent" ne&at2es n +er +and1 +oldn& t+e' o)t to 'e)G &2e
'e T+o'$son5s frst and let 'e &et '" 'nd at rest abo)t t.9 To 8+c+ s+e
ans8ered1 -s s a'on&st t+s lotG I 8ll +a2e to $c3 t o)t.9 (Eac+
ne&at2e 8as n a $a$er ba&.) I offered to +el$ +er1 and s+e co''enced at
one end of t+e batc+ and I at t+e ot+er1 and before 8e &ot +alfC8a" t+ro)&+ I
ca'e across one 8+c+ I 3ne8 8as 2er" )r&ent1 and t)rned a8a" to loo3 )$
t+e date of ta3n& t1 8+en cras+Z 8ent $art of t+e ne&at2es on t+e floor.
T+s accdent see'ed so sero)s t+at I 8as al'ost afrad to $c3 )$ t+e
fallen ne&at2es1 b)t on don& so1 one b" one1 I 8as &reatl" rele2ed to fnd
ony one 8as bro3en1 b)t D)d&e of '" +orror to fnd t+at t+at one 8as
T+o'$son5sZ I ')ttered so'et+n& (not lo)d1 b)t dee$)1 and 8o)ld fan
+a2e rele2ed '" feeln&s1 b)t t+e $resence of lades restraned 'e (t+s
accdent ben& 8tnessed also b" '" +eadC$rnter1 /ss L.). I co)ld not
+onestl" bla'e /ss (. for t+seac+ t+o)&+t t+e ot+er 8as +oldn& t+e lot1
and bet8een )s 8e let t+e' dro$. T+e ne&at2e 8as bro3en n t8o1 r&+t
across t+e fore+ead of f&)re. I $)t t+e $eces caref)ll" a8a"1 and1 ta3n& o)t
a 'e'o1 for'1 8rote to /r. T+o'$son1 as3n& +' to 3ndl" &2e anot+er
sttn&1 and offern& to reco)$ +' for +s tro)ble and loss of t'eG t+s letter
8as $osted f2e 'n)tes after t+e ne&at2e 8as bro3en1 and t+e affar 8as
for&otten b" 'e for t+e t'e. -o8e2er1 on 4rda"1 t+e @t+ of 7an)ar"1 I 8as
n t+e $rntn&Croo' )$stars 8+en I 8as s&nalled b" t+e 8+stle 8+c+
co'')ncates 8t+ t+e offce1 and /ss (. as3ed f I co)ld &o do8n1 as t+e
&entle'an +ad called abo)t t+e ne&at2e. I as3ed1 6+at ne&at2eW9 6ell19
s+e re$led1 t+e one 8e bro3e1 /r. T+o'$son5s.9 I ans8ered1 I a' 2er"
b)s"1 and cannot co'e do8n1 b)t "o) 3no8 t+e ter's I offered +'G send
+' )$ to be ta3en at once.9 B)t +e s dead!9 sad /ss (. ,eadZ9 I
e#cla'ed1 and 8t+o)t anot+er 8ord I +astened do8n t+e stars to '"
offce. -ere I sa8 an elderl" &entle'an1 8+o see'ed n &reat tro)ble.
()rel"19 sad I to +'1 "o) don5t 'ean to sa" t+at t+s 'an s deadW9 It s
onl" too tr)e19 +e re$led. 6ell1 t ')st +a2e been dreadf)ll" s)dden19 I
sad s"'$at+etcall"1 beca)se I sa8 +' onl" last (at)rda".9 T+e old
&entle'an s+oo3 +s +ead sadl"1 and sad1 Yo) are 'sta3en1 for +e ded
last (at)rda".9
!a"19 I ret)rned1 I a' not 'sta3en1 for I reco&nsed t+e ne&at2e b"
+'.9 -o8e2er1 t+e fat+er (for s)c+ 8as +s relatons+$ to '" stter)
$erssted n sa"n& I 8as 'sta3en1 and t+at t 8as +e 8+o called on t+e
4rda" and not +s son1 and1 +e sad1 I sa8 t+at "o)n& lad" ($ontn& to
/ss (.)1 and s+e told 'e t+e $+oto&ra$+s 8o)ld not be read" t+at 8ee3.9
T+at s E)te r&+t19 +i,LMM- sad /ss (.1 b)t /r. ,. also sa8 a &entle'an
on (at)rda" 'ornn&1 and 8+en I s+o8ed /r. ,. t+e ne&at2e +e sad1 HYes1
t+at5s t+e 'an 8+o called.I I told /r. ,. then of "o)r +a2n& called on t+e
4rda".9 (tll /r. T+o'$son sen. see'ed to t+n3 t+at 8e 8ere 8ron&1 and
t+e 'an" E)estons and crossCE)estons I $)t to +' onl" ser2ed to confr'
+' n +s o$non t+at I +ad &ot '#edG b)t t+s +e sadJ !o one 8as
a)t+orsed to call1 nor +ad t+e" an" frend or relat2e 8+o 8o)ld 3no8 of
$ortrats ben& ordered1 net+er 8as t+ere an" one l3el" to '$ersonate t+e
'an 8+o +ad sat for +s $ortrat. I +ad no f)rt+er nter2e8 8t+ t+e old
&entle'an )ntl a 8ee3 later1 8+en +e 8as ')c+ cal'er n +s a$$earance
and con2ersaton1 and at t+s nter2e8 +e told 'e t+at +s son ded on
(at)rda"1 7an)ar" ;rd1 at abo)t ..;> P./.G +e also stated t+at at t+e t'e I
sa8 +' (t+e stter) +e 8as )nconsco)s1 and re'aned so )$ to t+e t'e of
+s deat+. I +a2e not +ad an" e#$lanaton of t+s '"stero)s 2st )$ to
$resent date1 4ebr)ar" .Bt+1 *A@*.
It s c)ro)s to 'e t+at I +a2e no recollecton of +earn& t+e 'an co'e
)$stars1 or of +' &on& do8n. In a$$earance +e 8as $ale and care8orn1
and loo3ed as t+o)&+ +e +ad been 2er" ll. T+s t+o)&+t occ)rred to 'e
8+en +e sad +e +ad been tra2elln& all n&+t.
((&ned) 7%/E( ,ICRI!(O!.
<; GR%I!GER (TREET1 !E6C%(TLECO!CTY!E.
/ss (. s&ns t+e follo8n& state'entJ
I a' t+e /ss (. referred to n t+e fore&on& narrat2e. I +a2e read /r.
,c3nson5s state'ent caref)ll"1 and I can testf" t+at e2er"t+n& n t
referrn& to 'e +as been correctl" stated.
ET-EL /%:, (I//O!.
BB /%LCOL/ (TREET1 -E%TO!1 Apri *st, *A@*.
T+e ne#t state'ent 8as 8rtten b" /r. !sbet fro' /r. T+o'$son
sen.5s nfor'aton1 and 8t+ a lttle alteraton and addton s&ned b" +'.
2arch ..nd, *A@*.
%t t+e be&nnn& of ,ece'ber *A@>1 '" son1 7o+n T+o'$son1 &ot
$+oto&ra$+ed b" /r. ,c3nson1 of Gran&er (treet1 !e8castleConCT"ne. -e
8as 8s+f)l to $resent a $+oto&ra$+ of +'self to eac+ of +s c+ef
co'rades on !e8 Year5s ,a". ,)rn& t+e C+rst'as 8ee3 +e too3 t"$+od
fe2er and 8as 2er" ll.
On 4rda"1 7an)ar" .nd1 *A@*1 I 8ent to !e8castle to $)rc+ase certan
artcles for +'1 and ben& n !e8castle I t+o)&+t I 8o)ld 3ll t8o brds
8t+ one stone1 so I called at ,c3nson5s to see f +s $+otos 8ere read". I
called c+efl" beca)se +e see'ed an#o)s abo)t t+e'+e s$o3e of t+e'
8+en +e 8as delro)s. I sa8 a "o)n& 8o'an at ,c3nson5s 8+o told 'e
t+at t+e $+otos 8ere not read".
On (at)rda"1 7an)ar" ;rd1 '" son ded at ..? P./.
On /onda"1 7an)ar" ?t+1 *A@*1 I rece2ed a letter addressed to '" son
as3n& +' to call and st a&an for +s $+oto&ra$+ as t+e ne&at2e +ad been
bro3en. I stll $ossess t+s letter and en2elo$e
*
(dated 7an)ar" ?t+1 *A@*).
On 4rda"1 7an)ar" @t+1 I called at /r. ,c3nson5s1 8+en +e e#$laned
t+at +i,LMN- +e +ad seen '" son n +s $lace on t+e $re2o)s (at)rda". I told
+' +e ')st be 'sta3en1 as '" son 8as t+en ll n bed1 b)t I told +' t+at (
+ad called on t+e 4rda" abo)t t+e $+oto&ra$+s. /r. ,c3nson $erssted n
sa"n& +e +ad seen '" son on t+e (at)rda"1 so I s+o8ed +' t+e b)ral
lnes9 to con2nce +'.
I 3no8 of no one 8+o co)ld +a2e called abo)t t+e $+otos on t+e
(at)rda"1 nor do I 3no8 of an" of '" son5s frends 8+o co)ld be 'sta3en
for +'. /" son 8as .* "ears of a&e1 and 8as st)d"n& for t+e Pr't2e
/et+odst 'nstr". T+ere 8as al8a"s stron& s"'$at+" bet8een 'e and '"
son. I +ad t+e $o8er of nfl)encn& +' at a dstance. /" son 8as cal' and
stead"1 not easl" e#ctedG t+e Do" of t+e +o)se+old1 and a &eneral fa2o)rte
8t+ t+e $)blc.Yo)rs tr)l"1
T-O/P(O!.
/r. ,c3nson nfor'ed /r. !sbet t+at +e 8as $erfectl" 8ell at t+e
t'e of t+s occ)rrence. -e +as ne2er +ad an" ot+er e#$erence at all
rese'bln& t+s1 b)t +e s s)bDect to n&+t'are and 8al3n& n +s slee$.
/r. !sbet learned t+at /r. ,c3nson 8as not E)te s)re 8+et+er +e
8as $resent 8+en /r. T+o'$son 8as. $+oto&ra$+edG +s assstant sad +e
8as1 b)t /r. ,c3nson co)ld not re'e'ber. T+e" $+oto&ra$+ed abo)t <>
$eo$le on t+e da" /r. T+o'$son sat. /r. ,c3nson 8as E)te s)re t+at
/ss (. +ad sad not+n& to +' on t+e 4rda" abo)t /r. T+o'$son1 senor1
calln&1 and /ss (. confr'ed t+s.
Professor (d&8c3 8as ntrod)ced to /r. ,c3nson n (e$te'ber
*A@*1 and +eard +s stor" 22dl" and f)ll" told b" +'self. E#tracts onl"
fro' +s notes need be &2en +ere.
,. dd not +ear T. co'e n1 b)t ben& b)s" 8rtn& 8as not s)r$rsed at
t+s1 t+o)&+ +e 8as s)r$rsed t+at +e +ad co'e so earl".Y
T. sad t+at -e co)ld not call later1 +e +ad been tra2elln& all n&+t.9 -e
+ad an o2ercoat on1 and a care8orn loo3loo3ed ll. T+e t+o)&+t $assed
t+ro)&+ ,.5s 'nd1 Yes1 $oor 'an1 "o) +a2e been tra2elln& all n&+t1 and
"o) are &on& +o'e to de.9 /ean8+le T. t)rned and 8ent o)tJ +e +ad not
sat do8n1 b)t stood all t+e t'e. ,. ran ro)nd t+e co)nter to8ards t+e door
and called after +'1 Can I $ost t+e'W9 b)t &ot no ans8er1 and dd not
hear t+e 2stor &o do8n or o)tG t+s +e 8o)ld ordnarl" +a2e done1 b)t t+e
not +earn& dd not s)r$rse +'. -e t+o)&+t t+e 2stor 8as +)ffed19 and
t)rned to co$" o)t t+e n)'ber of t+e order and t+e na'e on a $ece of
$a$er1 on 8+c+ +e 8rote t+e 8ord $ost.9 (T+s $a$er /r. !sbet sa81 and
re'e'bers readn& t+e n)'ber and na'e1 b)t t+e $a$er see's to be lost.)
%ll t+s1 accordn& to +s recollecton1 8t+ $erfect 8a3ef)lness1 and 8t+o)t
t+e least dea or feeln& of an"t+n& abnor'al.
Caref)l nE)res (descrbed f)ll" n t+e acco)nt n t+e 1ourna) 8ere
'ade b" /r. !sbet to ascertan 8+et+er t co)ld +a2e been $ossble for /r.
T+o'$son1 D)nor1 to +a2e act)all" called at t+e $+oto&ra$+er5s1 )n3no8n to
+s fa'l"1 or 8+et+er an" one else +ad called on +s be+alfG 8t+ t+e res)lt
t+at bot+ t+ese +"$ot+etcal e#$lanatons of t+e case see'ed to be e#cl)ded.
''' A . T+e follo8n& e#a'$le of a rec$rocal9 case (E)oted fro'
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *B.) s fro' t+e -on. /rs. Par3er1 of B>
El' Par3 Gardens1 (.6.1 8+o 8rote to )s on /a" .<t+1 *AA;J
+i,LMO-
T+e follo8n& e#$erence +a$$ened n t+e 'ont+ of !o2e'ber *A==1 n
Re&enc" (E)are1 Br&+ton. /" +)sband Lsnce deceasedM 8as )nder&on& a
co)rse of 'a&nets' fro' /r. L.1 an %'ercan. T+e treat'ent conssted of
r)bbn& b" 'es'erc $asses do8n t+e bac3 and ar's and le&s1 b)t n all t+s
t+ere 8as no ntenton of $)ttn& '" +)sband to slee$. T+e $asses 8ere
ntended to &2e stren&t+. /r. L. called +'self1 I bele2e1 a $rofessonal
'es'erst1 b)t at t+e t'e 8e e'$lo"ed +' +e 8as not $ractsn& as s)c+.
-e +ad co'e to Br&+ton for rest.
%fter t+e treat'ent '" +)sband 8as n t+e +abt of sttn&1 for so'e
+o)rs1 n +s 8+eelCc+ar1 at t+e to$ of t+e (E)are &arden1 and on t+e da" of
8+c+ I a' 8rtn& +e +ad e#$ressed a 8s+ to sta" o)t rat+er later t+an
)s)al. I 8ent nto t+e +o)se for l)nc+eon1 lea2n& +' alone1 b)t on loo3n&
o)t of t+e 8ndo8 a lttle later1 at t8o o5cloc31 I sa8 a 'an standn& n front
of +s c+ar1 and a$$arentl" tal3n& to +'. I 8ondered 8+o t 8as1 and
concl)ded t ')st be a stran&er1 as I dd not reco&nse t+e f&)re1 or t+e
8deCa8a3e +at and rat+er oddl"Cc)t In2erness ca$e 8+c+ +e 8ore.
-o8e2er1 as t 2er" often +a$$ened t+at stran&ers dd sto$ and s$ea3 to +'1
I 8as not s)r$rsed. I t)rned a8a" '" e"es for a 'o'ent1 and 8+en I a&an
loo3ed )$ t+e &arden1 t+e 'an +ad dsa$$eared. I co)ld not see +' lea2n&
t+e &arden b" an" of t+e n)'ero)s &ates1 and re'ar3ed to '"self +o8 2er"
E)c3l" +e ')st +a2e 8al3ed to be so soon o)t of s&+t. Re&enc" (E)are
does not $ossess a tree and scarcel" a s+r)b1 so t+at t+ere 8as not+n& to
'$ede '" 2e8.
6+en '" +)sband ca'e n a lttle later1 I sad to +'1 carelessl"1 O+1
8+o 8as t+at tal3n& to "o) n t+e sE)are D)st no8W9
-e re$led1 !o one +as s$o3en to 'e snce "o) left. !o one +as e2en
$assed near 'e.9
B)t I sa8 a 'an standn& n front of "o) andas I t+o)&+ttal3n& to
"o) abo)t a E)arter of an +o)r a&o. -s dress 8as so odd1 I co)ldn5t at all
tell 8+o t co)ld be.9
%t t+s '" +)sband la)&+ed1 sa"n&1 I s+o)ld t+n3 not1 for t+ere 8as
no one to reco&nse. I ass)re "o) not a so)l +as been near 'e snce "o)
left.9
-a2e "o) been aslee$W9 I as3ed1 t+o)&+ I dd not t+n3 t 2er" l3el".
-e ass)red 'e +e +ad not. (o t+e s)bDect dro$$edG stll n '" o8n 'nd I
3ne8 I +ad seen t+e '"stero)s f&)re.
T8o da"s after8ards1 /r. L.1 after &2n& '" +)sband +s treat'ent1
ca'e1 as 8as +s )s)al +abt1 to s$ea3 to 'e before lea2n& t+e +o)se. %fter
a fe8 8ords and drectons1 +e sad1 It s a 2er" odd t+n&1 b)t t+e sa'e
e#$erence +as +a$$ened to 'e t8ce snce I +a2e attended "o)r +)sband1
t+at1 8+en n E)te anot+er $lace1 I +a2e s)ddenl" felt as f I 8ere standn&
b" +s sde1 et+er n "o)r dra8n&Croo' or o)t t+ere n t+e &arden.9
I loo3ed at +'1 and for t+e frst t'e notced +s o2ercoat 8+c+ +e +ad
$)t on before co'n& nto t+e roo'1 and t+e 8deCa8a3e n +s +and. It
str)c3 'e t+at t+ese artcles 8ere 2er" s'lar to t+ose 8orn b" t+e f&)re I
+ad seen1 and t+at n e2er" 8a" /r. L. rese'bled t+s sa'e f&)re. I as3ed
+' 8+en1 and at 8+at t'e1 +e +ad +ad t+e last e#$erence s$o3en ofW T+e
da" before "esterda"19 8as t+e re$l". I +ad D)st fns+ed an earl" dnner1
and 8as sttn& n front of t+e fre 8t+ a ne8s$a$er. It 8as abo)t t8o
o5cloc3G I re'e'ber t+e t'e $erfectl". ()ddenl" I felt I 8as no lon&er
t+ere1 b)t standn& near "o)r +)sband n t+e (E)are &arden.9
I t+en told +' of t+e f&)re I +ad seen at t+e sa'e t'e and $lace1 and
+o8 I no8 reco&nsed t to be +s. %fter8ards I as3ed '" +)sband f +e +ad
+i,LNP- 'entoned t+e crc)'stance to /r. L.1 b)t +e +ad not done so1 and
+ad ndeed for&otten all abo)t t. /" +)sband 8as t+e ony $erson to 8+o'
I +ad 'entoned t+e fact of '" 2son. It co)ld not b" an" $ossblt" +a2e
&ot ro)nd to /r. L.
%:G:(T% P%RRER.
In ans8er to t+e nE)r" 8+et+er s+e +ad e2er +ad an" ot+er
+all)cnaton of t+e senses1 /rs. Par3er re$led t+at s+e +ad +ad one ot+er. It
see's l3el"1 +o8e2er1 t+at t+s 8as 'erel" a case of 'sta3en dentt"1 t+e
f&)re ben& seen at t+e end of a lon& +otel $assa&eG and t+s 8as +er o8n
'$resson at t+e t'e.
''' B . T+e ne#t case (fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *B<) 8as
one of coective $erc$ence. T+e f)ll na'es of t+e $ersons concerned 8ere
&2en to )s1 b)t not allo8ed to be $rnted. /rs. (.1 one of t+e $erc$ents1
8rtesJ
Apri *AA;.
% and B
*
are t8o 2lla&es n !orfol31 dstant abo)t f2e 'les fro' eac+
ot+er. %t t+e t'e of t+e occ)rrence abo)t to be related1 t+e cler&"'en of
t+ese $ars+es bot+ bore t+e sa'e na'e1 t+o)&+ t+ere 8as no relatons+$
bet8een t+e'G at t+e sa'e t'e t+ere 8as a &reat frends+$ bet8een t+e
t8o fa'les. On t+e .>t+ 4ebr)ar" *A=> a da)&+ter1 Constance1 abo)t
fo)rteen "ears old1 of t+e cler&"'an of %1 8as sta"n& 8t+ t+e ot+er fa'l"
a da)&+ter1 /ar&aret1 n t+at fa'l"1 ben& +er &reat frend. Ed8ard 6.1
t+e eldest son of t+e Rector of %1 8as at t+at t'e l"n& dan&ero)sl" ll at
+o'e 8t+ nfla''aton of t+e l)n&s1 and 8as freE)entl" delro)s. On t+e
da" 'entoned1 at abo)t noon1 /ar&aret and Constance 8ere n t+e &arden
of B Rector"1 r)nnn& do8n a $at+ 8+c+ 8as se$arated b" a +ed&e fro' an
orc+ard adDonn&G t+e" dstnctl" +eard t+e'sel2es called t8ce1 a$$arentl"
fro' t+e orc+ard1 t+)sJ Conne1 /ar&aretConne1 /ar&aret.9 T+e"
sto$$ed1 b)t co)ld see no one1 and so 8ent to t+e +o)se1 a dstance of abo)t
fort" "ards1 concl)dn& t+at one of /ar&aret5s brot+ers +ad called t+e' fro'
t+ere. B)t to t+er s)r$rse t+e" fo)nd t+at t+s 8as not t+e caseG and /rs.
6.1 /ar&aret5s 'ot+er1 ass)red t+e &rls no one +ad called t+e' fro' t+e
+o)se1 and t+e" t+erefore concl)ded t+e" ')st +a2e been 'sta3en n
s)$$osn& t+e" +ad +eard t+er na'es re$eated. T+s a$$eared to be t+e onl"
e#$lanaton of t+e 'atter1 and not+n& 'ore 8as t+o)&+t of t.
T+at e2enn& Constance ret)rned to +er +o'e at %. On t+e follo8n&
da" /rs. 6. dro2e o2er to nE)re for t+e sc3 bo" Ed8ard. In t+e co)rse of
con2ersaton1 +s 'ot+er sad t+at t+e da" before +e +ad been delro)s1 and
+ad s$o3en of Constance and /ar&aret1 t+at +e called to t+e' n +s
delr)'1 and +ad t+en sad1 !o8 I see t+e' r)nnn& alon& t+e +ed&e1 b)t
drectl" I call t+e' t+e" r)n to8ards t+e +o)se.9 /rs. 6.1 of B1 at once
called to 'nd t+e '"ster" of t+e $re2o)s da"1 and as3ed1 ,o "o) 3no8 at
8+at t'e t+at +a$$enedW9 Ed8ard5s 'ot+er re$led t+at t 8as at a fe8
'n)tes $ast t8el2e1 for s+e +ad D)st &2en t+e n2ald +s 'edcne1 t8el2e
ben& +s +o)r for ta3n& t. (o t+ese 8ords 8ere s$o3en b" Ed8ard at t+e
sa'e t'e at 8+c+ t+e t8o +i,LNG- &rls +ad +eard t+e'sel2es called1 and
t+)s onl" co)ld t+e 2oce fro' t+e orc+ard be acco)nted for.
/. R. (.
(T+e /ar&aret9 of t+e narrat2e).
T+e follo8n& state'ent s fro' /rs. R.1 t+e Constance9 of t+e
narrat2e.
Sept. *AA<.
/ar&aret and I 8ere 8al3n& n so'e felds at B.1 a8a" fro' t+e road1
b)t not 2er" far fro' t+e +o)se. -ere I +eard a 2oce call Conne and
/ar&aret9 clearl" and dstnctl". I s+o)ld not +a2e dentfed t 8t+ Ted5s
2oce (i.e. +er brot+er5s at %)1 for 8e t+o)&+t t 8as one of t+e B brot+ers at
t+e t'e1 tll 8e fo)nd no one +ad called )s. I re'e'ber t+at t 8as before
earl" dnner1 and t+at I 8as e#$ectn& to be fetc+ed +o'e t+at sa'e
'ornn&1 beca)se of Ted5s llnessG and t+at /rs. 6. t+o)&+t of as3n&
'ot+er f Ted +ad 'entoned o)r na'es n an" 8a"1 be$ore s+e told +er of
8+at +ad $assed at B. I o)&+t to add t+at an e#$lanaton of t+e stor" '&+t
be fo)nd n t+e cond)ct of so'e B $lo)&+Cbo"1 $la"n& a trc3 )$on )s. T+e
st)aton 8as s)c+ t+at +e '&+t easl" +a2e 3e$t o)t of s&+t be+nd a
+ed&e.
C. E. R.
/r. Pod'ore sa"sJ
November .Bth, *AA;.
I sa8 /rs. R. "esterda". (+e told 'e t+at t+e" reco&nsed t+e 2oce
2a&)el" as a 8ellC3no8n one at t+e t'e. (+e t+n3s t+at t+e concdence n
t'e 8as E)te e#act1 beca)se /rs. 6. of B 'ade a note of t+e crc)'stance
''edatel". -er brot+eran old sc+oolCfello8 of 'necannot recollect
t+e ncdent at all.
If a 8rtten note 8as 'ade1 t+e &rls5 e#$erence ')st +a2e see'ed
odder t+an t+e not+n& 'ore 8as t+o)&+t of t9 n /rs. (.5s acco)nt 8o)ld
'$l". /rs. 6. of % sa"sJ
/" son 8as abo)t se2enteen "ears old. -e +ad +ad fe2er and
nfla''aton1 and 8as 8ea3ened b" llness. It 8as abo)t t8el2e o5cloc3. I
8as sttn& 8t+ +'1 after +s 8as+n& and dressn&1 and +e see'ed E)et
and slee$"1 b)t not aslee$. -e s)ddenl" s$ran& for8ard1 $onted +s fn&er1
8t+ ar's o)tstretc+ed1 and called o)t n a 2oce t+e lo)dness of 8+c+
astons+ed 'e1 Conne and /ar&aretZ9 8t+ a stress on eac+ na'e1 near
t+e +ed&e19 loo3ed 8ldl" at t+e'1 and t+en san3 do8n1 tred. I t+o)&+t t
odd at t+e t'e1 b)t1 consdern& t a sort of drea'1 dd not all)de to t. T+e
ne#t da"1 /rs. 6. called 8t+ Conne and /ar&aret1 and sad t+e &rls +ad
+eard t+er na'es calledG +ad r)n +o'eG 8ere 8al3n& b" a +ed&e n t+er
feld1 +ad fo)nd no one +ad called t+e' fro' B Rector". T+e 2oce so)nded
fa'lar1 b)t as far as I can re'e'ber'" da)&+ter 8ll sa"t 8as not
dstnctl" t+o)&+t to be Ed8ard5s. I at once told '" stor"1 as t 8as too
str3n& not to be na'ed. T+e" sad t 8as abo)t t8el2e o5cloc3. T+o)&+ +e
8as constantl" delro)s n t+e e2enn&1 8+en t+e $)lse rose1 +e 8as ne2er
so n t+e 'ddle of t+e da"1 and t+ere 8as no a$$earance of +s ben& so at
t+e t'e t+s occ)rred.
/. %. 6.
/rs. 6. of B sa"sJ
August *AA<.
Conne 8as sta"n& 8t+ )s on acco)nt of t+e llness of +er brot+er
Ed8ard1 and +ad8t+ /ar&aretbeen readn& 8t+ 'e one 'ornn&. %t
abo)t **.;> +i,LNH- t+e" 8ent nto t+e &arden to $la" (t+e" 8ere &rls of
abo)t t+rteen and fo)rteen)1 and n +alfCanC+o)r ca'e )$ to t+e 8ndo8 to
3no8 8+at I 8anted. I sad !ot+n&19 and t+at I +ad not called t+e'1
t+o)&+ t+e" +ad +eard bot+ t+er na'es called re$eatedl". I as3ed t+e'
8+ere t+e" 8ere 8+en t+e" +eard t1 and t+e" sad n t+e ne#t 8al38+c+1
"o) 8ll re'e'ber1 s for'ed on one sde b" t+e orc+ard +ed&e. /ar&aret
sad drectl"1 T+ere1 ConneG I sad t 8as not 'ot+er5s1 b)t a bo"5s 2oce.9
T+en I t)rned to loo3 at t+e cloc3for 8e +ad so'e bo"s as $)$ls t+en
and I sad1 It 8o)ld not be one of t+e bo"s1 for t+e" are not o)t of t+e
st)d"G t s no8 t8el2e o5cloc31 and I +ear t+e' co'n& o)t.9
I 8as to ta3e Conne +o'e t+at afternoon1
*
and1 on arr2n&1 of co)rse
'" frst E)eston 8as1 -o8 8as Ed8ardW9 /rs. 6. told 'e t+at +e +ad not
been so 8ell1 and +ad been 2er" delro)s. (+e sad t+at 'ornn& +e +ad
been calln&1 2argaret! Connie! 2argaret! Connie! <h, they are running
by a hedge, and #onQt isten to me. I dd not sa" 8+at +ad +a$$ened at
+o'e1 b)t as3ed f s+e 3ne8 at 8+at t'e t+s +ad so dstressed +'. (+e
sad YesG9 for s+e +ad loo3ed at t+e cloc31 +o$n& t 8as nearl" t'e to
&2e +' +s 'edcne1 8+c+ al8a"s E)eted +'1 and 8as t+an3f)l to fnd
t 8as D)st t8el2e o5cloc3.
''' C . T+e follo8n& case s ta3en fro' /rs. (d&8c35s $a$er1 On
t+e E2dence for Clar2o"ance19 n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <*. T+e
case 8as sent to )s b" /r. 6. B. -.1 8+o 8rtesJ
BRI,GEPORT1 CT.1 *ecember *Ath, *AA@.
YT+e ncdents 8ere related to 'e b" /r. (. R. 6l'ot1 a 'an)fact)rer
of t+s ct"1 se2eral "ears a&o1 and I 8rote t+e' do8n fro' 'e'or"1 and +e
after8ards re2sed t+e 'an)scr$t. /r. 6l'ot and +s 8fe and sster are
stll l2n& +ere1 and 8o)ld1 no do)bt1 be +a$$" to ans8er an" E)estons
abo)t t+e 'atter. -e does not 3no8 t+at I +a2e +ad +s narrat2e co'$ared
8t+ a fle of t+e Ne# YorB 'erad, as $er 'e'orand)' a$$ended. It see's
to stand t+e test $rett" 8ell1 +o8e2er.
If $)bls+ed1 $lease do not &2e '" na'e1 as I +a2e s'$l" acted as
scrbe1 and +a2e no $ersonal 3no8led&e abo)t t+e ncdents.
6. B. -.
T+e 'an)scr$t acco)nt1 n 8+c+ /r. 6l'ot5s correctons are
e'boded1 8as as follo8sJ
On October ;rd1 *AB;1 I saled fro' L2er$ool for !e8 Yor31 on t+e
stea'er City o$ .imericB, of t+e In'an lne1 Ca$tan 7ones co''andn&. On
t+e e2enn& of t+e second da" o)t1 soon after lea2n& Rnsale -ead1 a se2ere
stor' be&an1 8+c+ lasted for nne da"s. ,)rn& t+s t'e 8e sa8 net+er
s)n nor stars nor an" 2esselG t+e b)l8ar3s on t+e 8eat+er bo8 8ere carred
a8a"1 one of t+e anc+ors bro3e loose fro' ts las+n&s1 and dd consderable
da'a&e before t co)ld be sec)red1 and se2eral sto)t stor' sals1 t+o)&+
closel" reefed1 8ere carred a8a"1 and t+e boo's bro3en.
:$on t+e n&+t follo8n& t+e e&+t+ da" of t+e stor' t+e te'$est
'oderated a lttle1 and for t+e frst t'e snce lea2n& $ort I enDo"ed
refres+n& slee$. To8ard 'ornn& I drea'ed t+at I sa8 '" 8fe1 8+o' I
+ad left n t+e :nted (tates1 co'e to t+e door of '" stateCroo'1 clad n +er
n&+tCdress. +i,LNI- %t t+e door s+e see'ed to dsco2er t+at I 8as not t+e
onl" occ)$ant of t+e roo'1 +estated a lttle1 t+en ad2anced to '" sde1
stoo$ed do8n and 3ssed 'e1 and after &entl" caressn& 'e for a fe8
'o'ents1 E)etl" 8t+dre8.
:$on 8a3n& I 8as s)r$rsed to see '" fello8C$assen&er1 8+ose bert+
8as abo2e 'ne1 b)t not drectl" o2er to8n& to t+e fact t+at o)r roo'
8as at t+e stern of t+e 2esselleann& )$on +s elbo81 and loo3n& f#edl"
at 'e. Yo)5re a $rett" fello819 sad +e at len&t+1 to +a2e a lad" co'e and
2st "o) n t+s 8a".9 I $ressed +' for an e#$lanaton1 8+c+ +e at frst
declned to &2e1 b)t at len&t+ related 8+at +e +ad seen 8+le 8de a8a3e1
l"n& n +s bert+. It e#actl" corres$onded 8t+ '" drea'.
T+s &entle'an5s na'e 8as 6lla' 7. Tat1 and +e +ad been '"
roo''ate n t+e $assa&e o)t1 n t+e $recedn& 7)l"1 on t+e C)nard stea'er
<ympus/ a nat2e of En&land1 and son of a cler&"'an of t+e Establs+ed
C+)rc+. -e +ad for a n)'ber of "ears l2ed n Cle2eland1 n t+e (tate of
O+o1 8+ere +e +eld t+e $oston of lbraran of t+e %ssocated Lbrar". -e
8as at t+s t'e $er+a$s fft" "ears of a&e1 b" no 'eans n t+e +abt of
$ractcal Do3n&1 b)t a sedate and 2er" rel&o)s 'an1 8+ose test'on" )$on
an" s)bDect co)ld be ta3en )n+estatn&l".
T+e ncdent see'ed so stran&e to 'e t+at I E)estoned +' abo)t t1 and
)$on t+ree se$arate occasons1 t+e last one s+ortl" before reac+n& $ort1 /r.
Tat re$eated to 'e t+e sa'e acco)nt of 8+at +e +ad 8tnessed. On reac+n&
!e8 Yor3 8e $arted1 and I ne2er sa8 +' after8ard1 b)t I )nderstand t+at
+e ded a n)'ber of "ears a&o n Cle2eland.
T+e da" after landn& I 8ent b" ral to 6aterto8n1 Conn.1 8+ere '"
c+ldren and '" 8fe +ad been for so'e t'e1 2stn& +er $arents. %l'ost
+er frst E)eston 8+en 8e 8ere alone to&et+er 8as1 ,d "o) rece2e a 2st
fro' 'e a 8ee3 a&o T)esda"W9 % 2st fro' "o)W9 sad I1 8e 8ere 'ore
t+an a t+o)sand 'les at sea.9 I 3no8 t19 s+e re$led1 b)t t see'ed to 'e
t+at I 2sted "o).9 It 8o)ld be '$ossble19 sad I. Tell 'e 8+at 'a3es
"o) t+n3 so.9
/" 8fe t+en told 'e t+at on acco)nt of t+e se2ert" of t+e 8eat+er and
t+e re$orted loss of t+e A$rica, 8+c+ saled for Boston on t+e sa'e da" t+at
8e left L2er$ool for !e8 Yor31 and +ad &one as+ore at Ca$e Race1 s+e +ad
been e#tre'el" an#o)s abo)t 'e. On t+e n&+t $re2o)s1 t+e sa'e n&+t
8+en1 as 'entoned abo2e1 t+e stor' +ad D)st be&)n to abate1 s+e +ad lan
a8a3e for a lon& t'e t+n3n& of 'e1 and abo)t fo)r o5cloc3 n t+e 'ornn&
t see'ed to +er t+at s+e 8ent o)t to see3 'e. Crossn& t+e 8de and stor'"
sea1 s+e ca'e at len&t+ to a lo81 blac3 stea's+$1 8+ose sde s+e 8ent )$1
and t+en descendn& nto t+e cabn1 $assed t+ro)&+ t to t+e stern )ntl s+e
ca'e to '" stateCroo'. Tell 'e19 sad s+e1 do t+e" e2er +a2e stateCroo's
l3e t+e one I sa81 8+ere t+e )$$er bert+ e#tends f)rt+er bac3 t+an t+e
)nder oneW % 'an 8as n t+e )$$er bert+1 loo3n& r&+t at 'e1 and for a
'o'ent I 8as afrad to &o n1 b)t soon I 8ent )$ to t+e sde of "o)r bert+1
bent do8n and 3ssed "o)1 and e'braced "o)1 and t+en 8ent a8a".9
T+e descr$ton &2en b" '" 8fe of t+e stea's+$ 8as correct n all
$artc)lars1 t+o)&+ s+e +ad ne2er seen t. I fnd b" '" sster5s dar" t+at 8e
saled October <t+G t+e da" 8e reac+ed !e8 Yor31 ..ndG +o'e1 .;rd.
6t+ t+e abo2e correctons I can 2er" 8lln&l" s)bscrbe '" na'e.
(. R. 6IL/OT.
+i,LNJ-
/r. 6. B. -. addsJ
T+e fles of t+e 'erad s+o8 t+at t+e City o$ .imericB left L2er$ool
October ;rd1 *AB;1 X)eensto8n October ?t+1 and arr2ed at !e8 Yor3 earl"
on t+e 'ornn& of t+e ..nd of October1 *AB;. 'erad, October *<t+1 *AB;1
sa"sJ
(tea'er A$rica fro' X)eensto8n on t+e <t+ nst. $)t nto (t. 7o+n5s1 !.
4.1 "esterda" afternoon1 on +er 2o"a&e to Boston b" 8a" of -alfa#. T+e
A$rica str)c3 on t+e roc3s near Ca$e Race at ten o5cloc3 last /onda" n&+t
(October *.t+) d)rn& a dense fo&. (+e 8as $)t abo)t before s+e str)c31 b)t
too3 &ro)nd1 fore1 aft1 and a'ds+$s. T+ere 8as consderable sea r)nnn&1
8t+ a so)t+erl" 8nd at t+e t'e. T+e stea'er5s boats 8ere &ot read"1 b)t
not la)nc+ed. T+e A$rica floated off after an +o)r1 and 8as s$eedl" cleared
of 8ater b" +er $)'$s. Ca$tan (tone t+en +eaded +er for -alfa#1 b)t soon
dee'ed t $r)dent to $)t nto (t. 7o+n5s1 !e8fo)ndland. Bot+ car&o and
2essel 8ere badl" da'a&ed. 6+en o)r last des$atc+ 8as for8arded fro' (t.
7o+n5s1 t+e A$rica 8as 'a3n& a lar&e E)antt" of 8ater.9
4o)nd no re$ort of se2ere stor'.
%. -.
1uy *AA@.
In ans8er to nE)res /r. 6l'ot 8rtes to /r. -od&sonJ
BRI,GEPORT1 9ebruary .?th, *A@>.
%s to 8+et+er I and '" 8fe +a2e e2er +ad an" analo&o)s e#$erences1
8ll sa" for '"self1 Yes1 drea's re2ealn& s)bseE)ent e2ents1 b)t not+n& of
s)c+ a "oint nature.
I onl" s$o3e of '" drea' and /r. Tat5s e#$erence to '" sster (8+o
8as 8t+ 'e then, and s no#)1 as I co)ld not E)te d2est '"self of t+e
t+o)&+t t+at /r. T. '&+t +a2e n2ented +s $art fro' 8tnessn& so'et+n&
)n)s)al n 'e 8+le aslee$1 t+erefore '" E)estons to +' 8+en abo)t to
dse'bar3 at !.Y. I do not t+n3 t l3el" t+at /r. Tat 'entoned to ot+ers
on board s+$1 or f +e +ad1 t+at t co)ld no8 be ascertaned. I dd not
'enton t+ese t+n&s to an" b)t '" sster tll after reac+n& +o'e and
learnn& 8+at I dd fro' '" 8fe. T+at astons+ed 'eG t al'ost too3 '"
breat+ a8a".
(. R. 6IL/OT.
/ss 6l'ot 8rtesJ
In re&ard to '" brot+er5s stran&e e#$erence on o)r +o'e8ard 2o"a&e n
t+e .imericB, I re'e'ber /r. Tat5s as3n& 'e1 one 'ornn& (8+en
assstn& 'e to t+e brea3fast table1 for t+e c"clone 8as ra&n& fearf)ll")1 f I
+ad been n last n&+t to see '" brot+erG and '" astons+'ent at t+e
E)eston1 as +e s+ared t+e sa'e stateCroo'. %t '" No, 8+"W9 +e sad +e
sa8 some 8o'an1 n 8+te1 8+o 8ent )$ to '" brot+er (8+o 8as too
seasc3 to lea2e +s bert+ for se2eral da"s). I soon 8ent n to see L'"
brot+erM1 8+o told 'e t+at /r. Tat +ad 8ondered at '" co'n& n to see
+'1 and I t+n3 +e sad he +ad drea'ed of seen& +s 8fe t+ere1 b)t n t+e
''nent dan&er t+at loo'ed o2er )s1 I dd not f# '" 'nd on t+er after
con2ersatons.
I t+n3 '" brot+er ')st +a2e 8rtten to /r. Tat t+e s+are '" sster +ad
n t+e 2sons+all I call tW 6+en 2stn& at t+e Tats5 n Cle2eland1 t8o or
t+ree "ears after1 +e s$o3e of t+e 8onderf)l concdence. It e2dentl"
'$ressed +'. If +e 8ere stll l2n&1 I 8o)ld refer "o) to +'.
ELIV% E. 6IL/OT.
+i,LNK-
/rs. 6l'ot sa"sJ
BRI,GEPORT1 CO!!.1 9ebruary .=th *A@>.
YIn re$l" to t+e E)eston1 ,d I notce an" detals abo)t t+e 'an I sa8
n t+e )$$er bert+W9 I cannot at t+s late da" $ost2el" sa" t+at I dd1 b)t I
dstnctl" re'e'ber t+at I felt ')c+ dst)rbed at +s $resence1 as +e leaned
o2er1 loo3n& at )s.
I t+n3 t+at I told '" 'ot+er t+e ne#t 'ornn& abo)t '" drea'G and I
3no8 t+at I +ad a 2er" 22d sense all t+e da" of +a2n& 2sted '" +)sbandJ
t+e '$resson 8as so stron& t+at I felt )n)s)all" +a$$" and refres+ed1 to
'" s)r$rse.Y
L(&nedM /rs. (. R. 6IL/OT.
In co''entn& on t+s case1 /rs. (d&8c3 obser2esJ
T+s case dffers fro' t+ose t+at $recede t. In t+e' t+e clar2o"ant
$erson 8as a$$arentl" a $ass2e rec$ent of t+e tele$at+c '$)lse fro' t+e
a&ent 8+c+ led to t+e clar2o"ant $erce$ton. B)t +ere /rs. 6l'ot see's1
as t 8ere1 to +a2e act2el" so)&+t co'')ncaton 8t+ +er +)sband. I
s+o)ld stll +old 8t+ /r. G)rne" t+at t+s s no reason for re&ardn& t+e
ncdent as ot+er t+an tele$at+c1 for t+ere s as lttle &ro)nd for s)$$osn&
t+at /rs. 6l'ot co)ld +a2e $erce2ed $s"c+call" any cabn as t+ere s for
t+n3n& t+at /rs. PaE)et Lsee BB;M co)ld +a2e +ad a 2son of any deat+
scene. In ot+er 8ords1 t s $robable t+at t+e $resence of t+e +)sband and
brot+er res$ect2el" 8ere essental condtons of t+e $erc$ence1 8+c+1
t+erefore1 de$ended on so'e )n3no8n $rocess of co'')ncaton fro'
'nd to 'nd. T+e fact t+at /r. 6l'ot at t+e sa'e t'e drea't of +s 8fe
see's to 'e1 f an"t+n&1 to stren&t+en t+e tele$at+c +"$ot+ess1 beca)se t
s+o8s t+at t+ere 8as act)all" a co'')nt" of 'ental '$ressons.
B)t t 'a" be sad t+at t s 'ore dffc)lt t+)s to acco)nt for /r. Tat5s
seen& a f&)re at t+e sa'e t'e as /r. 6l'ot1 and t+at t+s at least tends to
s+o8 t+at /rs. 6l'ot 8as act)all" t+ere n so'e sense ot+er t+an a $)rel"
'ental one. T+e E)eston +ere rased s t+e dffc)lt one of t+e s&nfcance
of collect2e $s"c+cal e#$erences.Y Brefl"1Ybesdes t+e $ossblt" of a
drect tele$at+c co'')ncaton bet8een t+e $r'ar" a&ent and bot+
$erc$ents1 t+ere are t8o +"$ot+eses to acco)nt for collect2e
+all)cnatons1ass)'n& of co)rse t+at t+e" are not d)e to s)&&eston b"
8ord or &est)re. One s t+at t+ere s so'e 3nd of obDect2e $resence1 so'e
centre of $+antas'o&enetc effcac"19 located n s$ace and 8t+n ran&e of
t+e o$eraton of t+e $erc$ent5s senses. T+e ot+er s t+at t+e $r'ar"
$erc$ent1 B1 8+et+er +s o8n '$resson s d)e to tele$at+" or s $)rel"
s)bDect2e1 beco'es an a&ent as re&ards t+e secondar" $erc$ent C1 8+o
rece2es +s '$resson b" t+o)&+tCtransference fro' or t+ro)&+ B.
It s t+s second 2e8 8+c+ I a&ree 8t+ /r. G)rne" n t+n3n& t+e
'ost $robable.Y
''* A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ?.=. T+e ne#t acco)nt
8as fro' a lad" 3no8n to /r. G)rne"1 8+ose onl" reason for 8t++oldn&
+er na'e and address 8as +er fear t+at a near relaton '&+t obDect to t+er
$)blcaton.
+i,LNL-
*ecember *=th, *AA;.
Years a&o1 a frend and '"self 'ade t+e t'eC8orn arran&e'ent t+at
8+c+ e2er ded frst 8o)ld endea2o)r to ret)rn to 2st t+e ot+er. (o'e
"ears after I as3ed t+s 'an5s sster to re'e'ber 'e to +' and sa"1 dd +e
re'e'ber +s $ro'se1 and +a2n& rece2ed for ans8er Perfectl"1 and I
+o$e I s+all a$$ear to 1 and not s+e to 'e19 t+e 8+ole 'atter $assed o)t
of '" 'nd. /" frend 8as n !e8 Vealand1 +s sster I don5t 3no8 8+ere.
One n&+t I a8o3e 8t+ a feeln& so'e one 8as n t+e roo'. I ')st tell "o)
t+at I al8a"s +a2e a br&+t l&+t b)rnn& on a table1 not far fro' '" bed. I
loo3ed abo)t1 and $resentl" sa8 so'et+n& be+nd t+e lttle tableG felt
'"self &ro8 $erfectl" coldG 8as not n t+e least fr&+tened1 r)bbed '" e"es
to be s)re I 8as E)te a8a3e1 and loo3ed at t steadfastl". Grad)all" a 'an5s
+ead and s+o)lders 8ere $erfectl" for'ed1 b)t n a sort of 'st" 'ateral1 f
I 'a" )se s)c+ a 8ord. T+e +ead and feat)res 8ere dstnct1 b)t t+e 8+ole
a$$earance 8as not s)bstantal and $lanG n fact t 8as l3e a clo)d1 for'ed
as a 'an5s +ead and s+o)lders. %t frst I &aNed and t+o)&+t1 8+o s t1 so'e
one ')st be +ere1 b)t 8+oW T+en t+e for'aton of t+e +ead and fore+ead
(8+c+ are 'ost 'ar3ed n '" frend) 'ade 'e e#cla' to '"self Ca$tan
6.9 T+e a$$earance faded a8a".
I &ot )$ and $)t t+e date do8nG and 8ated )ntl ne8s fro' !e8
Vealand 8as $ossble. I 'ade nE)res abo)t '" frend1 ne2er do)btn& b)t
t+at +e 8as dead. T+e ans8er al8a"s ca'e !o ne8s.9 %t last t+s also1
6e are so an#o)s1 t s so lon& snce 8e +a2e +eard. 6e s+all a&an 8at
anot+er 'al1 and 8rte to soCandCso.9 %nd t+en ca'e t+e ne8s1 a 'ere
scra$1 -a2e +ad a se2ere fall off t+e coac+G can5t 8rteG +ead all 8ron&
stll.9 T+at 8as all1 and $rett" ')c+ t+e e#act 8ords as far as I can
re'e'ber. In d)e t'e 8e +eard 'ore. -e +ad fallen off t+e coac+1 and 8as
nsensble for so'e t'e1 and t+en1 as +e +ad sad1 +s +ead 8as not clear for
a 8+le. I +a2e ne2er +ad t+e sl&+test do)bt b)t t+at1 8+le nsensble1 +s
s$rt ca'e +ere. T+e a$$earance to 'e 8as concdent 8t+ t+e t'e of +s
nsensblt". I +a2e ne2er +ad b)t t+s one e#$erence of an a$$arton.
E. 6. R.
In a s)bseE)ent letter1 /ss R. addsJ
1anuary *st, *AA<.
I $)t t+e date do8n n a boo3 I )se dal"J t+ere s a $a&e for e2er" da" n
t+e 'ont+. I 'entoned t to se2eral $eo$leE)te t+ree or fo)r. One 8as
e#tre'el" a')sed beca)se '" frend +ad not dedG 8+c+ s+e al8a"s )sed
to ass)re 'e 8ass+e 8as s)rea ca)se of sncere re&ret to 'e.
T+e $resent 8rter (sa"s G)rne") +as seen t+e boo31 8+c+ s one
contann& readn& for e2er" da" of t+e 'ont+. T+e 8ords 8rtten n $encl1
on t+e $a&e of t+e *?t+ da"1 areJ H!&+t of t+s da"1 /arc+1 5=<.I9
T+e follo8n& corroborat2e note 8as obtaned fro' /ss R.5s ssterJ
,ITC-I!G-%/1 2ay *st, *AA<.
%s far as I can re'e'ber1 '" sster told 'e of +er 2son soon after t
occ)rred1 and before t+e ne8s of +er frend5s accdent arr2ed. It s so 'an"
"ears a&o t+at I cannot s$ea3 'ore $ost2el".
/OT-ER C.
In con2ersaton1 /ss R. es$ecall"1 and )nas3ed1 confr'ed t+e fact t+at
t+e feeln& of a $resence n t+e roo' $receded t+e 2son. (+e descrbed t+e
for'aton of t+e f&)re as l3e a clo)d ta3n& a defnte s+a$e. +i,LNM- (+e
f)rt+er sad t+at t+e +ar of t+e +ead 8+c+ a$$eared 8as dstnctl" grey, and
t+at t+s 8as t+e c+ef reason 8+" s+e dd not sooner reco&nse t+e face. -er
frend +ad bacB +ar 8+en s+e last sa8 +'1 and s+e +ad ne2er t+o)&+t of
+' ot+er8seG b)t s+e fo)nd o)t after8ards t+at +e +ad beco'e &re"1 and
8as so at t+e t'e of +s accdent. (+e also stated t+at s+e +ad ascertaned
be"ond a do)bt t+at +er 2son fell d)rn& t+e $erod of +er frend5s
nsensblt".
(ee also anot+er co'$act9 case n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $.
.?;.
''* B . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ..=. T+e ne#t acco)nt
s fro' Co''ander T. 6. %"lesb)r" (late of t+e Indan !a2")1 of ()tton1
()rre". T+e case1 at frst s&+t1 (sa"s G)rne") 'a" see' as f t belon&ed to
t+e reciproca classG b)t Co''ander %"lesb)r"5s 2son dd not ncl)de
eno)&+ detal to D)stf" )s n re&ardn& t as ot+er t+an s)bDect2e1 t+e scene
ben& a$$arentl" s)c+ as +e '&+t nat)rall" +a2e conD)red )$.
*ecember *AA..
T+e 8rter1 8+en t+rteen "ears of a&e1 8as ca$sNed n a boat1 8+en
landn& on t+e sland of Ball"1 east of 7a2a1 and 8as nearl" dro8ned. On
co'n& to t+e s)rface1 after ben& re$eatedl" s)b'er&ed1 t+e bo" called +s
'ot+er. T+s a')sed t+e boat5s cre81 8+o s$o3e of t after8ards1 and Deered
+' a &ood deal abo)t t. /ont+s after1 on arr2al n En&land1 t+e bo" 8ent
to +s +o'e1 and 8+le telln& +s 'ot+er of +s narro8 esca$e1 +e sad1
6+le I 8as )nder 8ater1 I sa8 "o) all sttn& n t+s roo'G "o) 8ere
8or3n& so'et+n& 8+te. I sa8 "o) all'ot+er1 E'l"1 ElNa1 and Ellen.9
-s 'ot+er at once sad1 6+"1 "es1 and I +eard "o) cr" o)t for 'e1 and I
sent E'l" to loo3 o)t of t+e 8ndo81 for I re'ar3ed t+at so'et+n& +ad
+a$$ened to t+at $oor bo".9 T+e t'e1 o8n& to t+e dfference of E.
lon&t)de1 corres$onded 8t+ t+e t'e 8+en t+e 2oce 8as +eard.
Co''ander %"lesb)r" addsJ
I sa8 t+er feat)res ('" 'ot+er5s and ssters5)1 t+e roo' and t+e
f)rnt)re1 $artc)larl" t+e oldCfas+oned Venetan blnds. /" eldest sster
8as seated ne#t to '" 'ot+er.
I t+n3 t+e t'e ')st +a2e been 2er" earl" n t+e 'ornn&. I re'e'ber a
boat ca$sNed t+e da" before1 and 8as+ed )$. T+e 'ate sad 8e 8o)ld &o
and brn& +er off n t+e 'ornn&1 b)t t+e e#act t'e I cannot re'e'ber. It
8as a terrble $oston1 and t+e s)rf 8as a8f)l. 6e 8ere 3noc3ed end o2er
end1 and t 8as t+e 'ost narro8 esca$e I e2er +adand I +a2e +ad 'an"G
b)t t+s one 8as so '$ressed on '" 'nd 8t+ t+e crc)'stancest+e
re'ar3s and Deers of t+e 'en1Bo"1 8+at 8as "o) calln& for "o)r 'ot+er
forW ,o "o) t+n3 s+e co)ld $)ll "o) o)t of ,a2" 7ones5s loc3er19 &c.1 8t+
ot+er lan&)a&e I cannot )se.
T+e follo8n& s an e#tract fro' a letter 8rtten to Co''ander
%"lesb)r" b" one of +s ssters1 and for8arded to )s1 n *AA;J
I dstnctl" re'e'ber t+e ncdent "o) 'enton n "o)r letter (t+e 2oce
calln& /ot+er9)G t 'ade s)c+ an '$resson on '" 'nd1 I s+all ne2er +i,
LNN- for&et t. 6e 8ere sttn& E)etl" at 8or3 one e2enn&G t 8as abo)t
nne o5cloc3. I t+n3 t ')st +a2e been late n t+e s)''er as 8e +ad left t+e
street door o$en. 6e frst +eard a fant cr" of /ot+er9G 8e all loo3ed )$1
and sad to one anot+er1 ,d "o) +ear t+atW (o'e one cred o)t H/ot+er.I9
6e +ad scarcel" fns+ed s$ea3n&1 8+en t+e 2oce a&an called1 /ot+er19
t8ce n E)c3 s)ccesson1 t+e last cr" a fr&+tened1 a&onsn& cr". 6e all
started )$1 and 'ot+er sad to 'e1 Go to t+e door and see 8+at s t+e
'atter.9 I ran drectl" nto t+e street and stood so'e fe8 'n)tes1 b)t all
8as slent and not a $erson to be seenG t 8as a lo2el" e2enn&1 not a breat+
of ar. /ot+er 8as sadl" )$set abo)t t. I re'e'ber s+e $aced t+e roo'1 and
feared t+at so'et+n& +ad +a$$ened to "o). (+e 8rote do8n t+e date t+e
ne#t da"1 and 8+en "o) ca'e +o'e and told )s +o8 near "o) +ad been
dro8ned1 and t+e t'e of da"1 fat+er sad t 8o)ld be abo)t t+e t'e nne
o5cloc3 8o)ld be 8t+ )s. I 3no8 t+e date and t+e t'e corres$onded.
T+e dfference of t'e at t+e t8o $laces s a lttle 'ore t+an se2en +o)rsG
conseE)entl" nne n t+e e2enn& n En&land 8o)ld corres$ond 8t+ 2er"
earl" n t+e 'ornn&9 of t+e ne#t da" at t+e scene of t+e accdent. B)t t+e
ncdent +a$$ened too lon& a&o for 'e'or" to be tr)sted as to t+e
e#actt)de of t+e concdence.
'') A . 4ro' t+e Re2. Clarence Godfre". T+s case frst a$$eared n t+e
second edton of &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. l###.1 +a2n& been sent
to /r. Pod'ore b" t+e e#$er'enter1 a frend of +s. I E)ote t+e so'e8+at
brefer acco)nt &2en n /r. Pod'ore5s Apparitions and Thought,
trans$erence, $$. ..AK.;>. /r. Godfre" 8rote to /r. Pod'ore on
!o2e'ber *Bt+1 *AAB1 as follo8sJ
I 8as so '$ressed b" t+e acco)nt on $. *>? Lof &hantasms o$ the
.ivingM1 t+at I deter'ned to $)t t+e 'atter to an e#$er'ent.
Retrn& at *>.<? (on t+e *?t+ !o2e'ber *AAB)1 I deter'ned to a$$ear1
f $ossble1 to a frend1 and accordn&l" I set '"self to 8or3 8t+ all t+e
2oltonal and deter'nat2e ener&" 8+c+ I $ossess1 to stand at t+e foot of
+er bed. I need not sa" t+at I ne2er dro$$ed t+e sl&+test +nt before+and as
to '" ntenton1 s)c+ as co)ld 'ar t+e e#$er'ent1 nor +ad I 'entoned t+e
s)bDect to +er. %s t+e a&ent9 I 'a" descrbe '" o8n e#$erences.
:ndo)btedl" t+e 'a&nat2e fac)lt" 8as bro)&+t e#tens2el" nto $la"1
as 8ell as t+e 2oltonal1 for I endea2o)red to transate myse$, s$rt)all"1
nto +er roo'1 and to attract +er attenton1 as t 8ere1 8+le standn& t+ere.
/" effort 8as s)staned for $er+a$s e&+t 'n)tes1 after 8+c+ I felt tred
and 8as soon aslee$.
T+e ne#t t+n& I 8as consco)s of 8as 'eetn& t+e lad" ne#t 'ornn&
(i.e. n a drea'1 I s)$$oseW) and as3n& +er at once f s+e +ad seen 'e last
n&+t. T+e re$l" ca'e1 Yes.9 -o8W9 I nE)red. T+en n 8ords stran&el"
clear and lo81 l3e a 8ellCa)dble 8+s$er1 ca'e t+e ans8er1 I 8as sttn&
besde "o).9 T+ese 8ords1 so clear1 a8o3e 'e nstantl"1 and I felt I ')st
+a2e been drea'n&G b)t on reflecton I re'e'bered 8+at I +ad been
8lln&9 before I fell aslee$1 and t str)c3 'e1 T+s ')st be a re$e0 acton
fro' t+e $erc$ent.9 /" 8atc+ s+o8ed ;.<> %./. T+e follo8n& s 8+at I
8rote ''edatel" n $encl1 standn& n '" n&+tCdressJ %s I reflected
)$on t+ose clear 8ords1 t+e" str)c3 'e as ben& E)te intuitive, I 'ean
sub"ective, and to +i,LNO- +a2e $roceeded $rom #ithin, as my o#n
conviction, rat+er t+an a co'')ncaton fro' an" one else. %nd "et I can5t
re'e'ber +er face at all1 as one can after a 22d drea'.9
B)t t+e 8ords 8ere )ttered n a clear1 E)c3 tone1 8+c+ 8as 'ost
re'ar3able1 and a8o3e 'e at once.
/" frend1 n t+e note 8t+ 8+c+ s+e sent 'e t+e enclosed acco)nt of
her o#n e#$erence1 sa"sJ I re'e'ber t+e 'an $)t all t+e la'$s o)t soon
after I ca'e )$stars1 and t+at s onl" done abo)t a E)arter to fo)r.9
/r. Godfre" rece2ed fro' t+e $erc$ent on t+e *Bt+ !o2e'ber an
acco)nt of +er sde of t+e e#$erence1 and at +s reE)est s+e 8rote t do8n as
follo8sJ
Yesterda"2N.1 t+e 'ornn& of !o2e'ber *Bt+1 *AABabo)t +alfC$ast
t+ree o5cloc31 I 8o3e )$ 8t+ a start and an dea t+at so'e one +ad co'e
nto t+e roo'. I +eard a c)ro)s so)nd1 b)t fanced t '&+t be t+e brds n
t+e 2" o)tsde. !e#t I e#$erenced a stran&e1 restless lon&n& to lea2e t+e
roo' and &o do8nstars. T+s feeln& beca'e so o2er$o8ern& t+at at last I
rose and lt a candle1 and 8ent do8n1 t+n3n& f I co)ld &et so'e sodaC
8ater t '&+t +a2e a E)etn& effect. On ret)rnn& to '" roo' I sa8 /r.
Godfre" standn& )nder t+e lar&e 8ndo8 on t+e starcase. -e 8as dressed
n +s )s)al st"le1 and 8t+ an e#$resson on +s face t+at I +a2e notced
8+en +e +as been loo3n& 2er" earnestl" at an"t+n&. -e stood t+ere1 and I
+eld )$ t+e candle and &aNed at +' for t+ree or fo)r seconds n )tter
a'aNe'ent1 and t+en1 as I $assed )$ t+e starcase1 +e dsa$$eared. T+e
'$resson left on '" 'nd 8as so 22d t+at I f)ll" ntended 8a3n& a
frend 8+o occ)$ed t+e sa'e roo' as '"self1 b)t re'e'bern& t+at I
s+o)ld onl" be la)&+ed at as ro'antc and 'a&nat2e1 refraned fro' don&
so.
I 8as not fr&+tened at t+e a$$earance of /r. Godfre"1 b)t felt ')c+
e#cted1 and co)ld not slee$ after8ards.
On t+e .*st of t+e sa'e 'ont+ (sa"s /r. Pod'ore) I +eard a f)ll
acco)nt of t+e ncdent &2en abo2e fro' /r. Godfre"1 and on t+e da"
follo8n& fro' /rs. . /rs. told 'e t+at t+e f&)re a$$eared E)te
dstnct and lfeCl3e at frst1 t+o)&+ s+e co)ld not re'e'ber to +a2e notced
'ore t+an t+e )$$er $art of t+e bod". %s s+e loo3ed t &re8 'ore and 'ore
s+ado8"1 and fnall" faded a8a". /rs. 1 t s+o)ld be added1 told 'e
t+at s+e +ad $re2o)sl" seen t8o $+antas'al f&)res1 re$resentn& a $arent
8+o' s+e +ad recentl" lost.
*
/r. Godfre" at o)r reE)est 'ade t8o ot+er trals1 8t+o)t1 of co)rse1
lettn& /rs. 3no8 +s ntenton. T+e frst of t+ese atte'$ts 8as 8t+o)t
res)lt1 o8n& $er+a$s to t+e date c+osen1 as +e 8as a8are at t+e t'e1 ben&
)ns)table. B)t a tral 'ade on t+e =t+ ,ece'ber *AAB s)cceeded
co'$letel". /rs. 1 8rtn& on ,ece'ber At+1 states t+at s+e 8as
a8a3ened b" +earn& a 2oce cr"1 6a3e19 and b" feeln& a +and rest on t+e
left sde of +er +ead. (+e t+en sa8 stoo$n& o2er +er a f&)re 8+c+ s+e
reco&nsed as /r. Godfre"5s.
In t+s last case t+e dress of t+e f&)re does not see' to +a2e been seen
dstnctl". B)t n t+e a$$arton of t+e *Bt+ !o2e'ber1 t 8ll be obser2ed
t+at t+e dress 8as t+at ordnarl" 8orn n t+e da"Ct'e b" /r. Godfre"1 and
+i,LOP- t+at n 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent 8o)ld be acc)sto'ed to see +'1 not t+e
dress 8+c+ +e 8as act)all" 8earn& at t+e t'e. If t+e a$$arton s n tr)t+
not+n& 'ore t+an an e#$resson of t+e $erc$ent5s t+o)&+ts1 t+s s 8+at 8e
s+o)ld e#$ect to fnd1 and as a 'atter of fact n t+e 'aDort" of 8ellC
e2denced narrat2es of tele$at+c +all)cnaton t+s s 8+at 8e act)all" do
fnd. T+e dress and s)rro)ndn&s of t+e $+antas' re$resent1 not t+e dress
and s)rro)ndn&s of t+e a&ent at t+e 'o'ent1 b)t t+ose 8t+ 8+c+ t+e
$erc$ent s fa'lar.
'') B . T+e ne#t case s ta3en fro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of
-all)cnatons19 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .=>. It s to be obser2ed t+at
t+e a&ent n t+s case/r. Rr3see's to $ossess an )n)s)al ca$act" for
'$ressn& ot+er 'nds tele$at+call"1 as s+o8n b" +s e#$er'ents n
t+o)&+tCtransference1 so'e of 8+c+ are &2en n '30 D . -s o8n acco)nt
s as follo8sJ
. RIPO! VILL%(1 :PPER RIPO! RO%,1 PL:/(TE%,1 1uy =th,
*A@>.
I +a2e to nfor' "o) t+at fro' t+e *>t+ to .>t+ 7)ne I tred a tele$at+c
e#$er'ent eac+ n&+t )$on /ss G. I dd so1 as s)&&ested b" "o) n "o)r
letter of 7)ne ;rd1 8t+o)t +er 3no8led&e1 as a $rel'nar" to entern& )$on
e#$er'ents 8t+ +er )nder condtons of e#$ectanc" and t+e recordn& of
dates and +o)rs. Eac+ tral +ad for ts obDect t+e rendern& '"self 2sble to
+ers'$l" 2sble. 6t+ t+e e#ce$ton of one8+c+ 8as 'ade one
afternoon fro' '" offce n t+e %rsenaleac+ tral too3 $lace at '" +o)se
bet8een t+e +o)rs of ** P./. and * %./.
:$ to 7)ne .;rd I +eard not+n& direct fro' '" s)bDect.9 Indrectl"1
+o8e2er1 I learnt t+at '" nfl)ence 8as actn& rat+er stron&l". Eac+ t'e
/ss G. ca'e to '" +o)se1 8+le t+e e#$er'ents 8ere n $ro&ress1 s+e
co'$laned of ben& 3e$t slee$less and restless fro' an )neas" feeln&
8+c+ s+e 8as )nable to descrbe or acco)nt for. On one n&+t so stron& 8as
t+s )neas" feeln&1 s+e 8as co'$elled to &et )$1 dress +erself1 and ta3e to
so'e needle8or31 and 8as )nable to t+ro8 off t+e sensaton and ret)rn to
bed )ntl t8o o5cloc3. I 'ade no co''ents on t+ese co'$lantsne2er
dro$$ed a +nt1 e2en1 as to 8+at I 8as don&. :nder t+ese crc)'stances t
see'ed $robable to 'e t+at1 alt+o)&+ '" nfl)ence 8as telln& )$on +er1 to
+er dsco'fort1 I +ad not s)cceeded n t+e obDect of '" e#$er'ents.
()$$osn& t+s to be t+e case1 and t+at I 8as onl" de$r2n& +er of rest1 I
t+o)&+t t best to dscontn)e t+e trals for a t'e.
I felt dsa$$onted at t+s a$$arentl" barren res)lt. B)t1 on 7)ne .;rd1 an
a&reeable s)r$rse 8as s$r)n& )$on 'e1 n t+at I learnt I +ad 'ost
effect)all" s)cceeded on one occasont+e 2er" occason on 8+c+ I +ad
consdered s)ccess as ben& +&+l" '$robablen $resentn& '"self to
/ss G. %s "o) 8ll fnd n +er state'ent1 +ere8t+ enclosed1 t+e 2son 8as
'ost co'$lete and realstc. T+e tral 8+c+ +ad t+s fort)nate res)lt 8as
t+at I +ad 'ade fro' '" offce and on t+e s$)r of t+e 'o'ent. I +ad been
rat+er closel" en&a&ed on so'e a)dtn& 8or31 8+c+ +ad tred 'e1 and as
near as I can re'e'ber t+e t'e 8as bet8een ;.;> and < P./.1 t+at I lad
do8n '" $encl1 stretc+ed '"self1 and n t+e act of don& t+e latter I 8as
seNed 8t+ t+e '$)lse to 'a3e a tral on /ss G. I dd not1 of co)rse1 3no8
8+ere s+e 8as at t+e 'o'ent1 b)t1 8t+ a flas+1 as t 8ere1 I transferred
'"self to +er bedroo'. I cannot sa" 8+" I t+o)&+t of t+at s$ot1 )nless t 8as
t+at I dd so beca)se '" frst e#$er'ent +i,LOG- +ad been 'ade t+ere.
*
%s
t +a$$ened1 t 8as 8+at I ')st call a l)c3" s+ot19 for I ca)&+t +er at t+e
'o'ent s+e 8as l&+tl" slee$n& n +er c+ara condton 8+c+ see's to
be $ec)larl" fa2o)rable to rece2n& and e#ternalsn& tele$at+c 'essa&es.
T+e f&)re seen b" /ss G. 8as clot+ed n a s)t I 8as at t+e 'o'ent
8earn&1 and 8as bareheaded, t+e latter as 8o)ld be t+e case1 of co)rse1 n
an offce. T+s s)t s of a dar3 redds+Cbro8n checB st)ff1 and t 8as an
)n)s)al crc)'stance for 'e to +a2e +ad on t+e coat at t+e t'e1 as I 8ear1
as a r)le1 an offce coat of ight 'ateral. B)t t+s offce coat I +ad1 a da" or
so before1 sent to a talor to be re$ared1 and I +ad1 t+erefore1 to 3ee$ on t+at
belon&n& to t+e dar3 s)t.
I tested t+e realt" of t+e 2son b" t+s dar3 s)t. I as3ed1 -o8 8as I
dressedW9 (not at all a leadn& E)eston). T+e re$l" of /ss G. 8as1 to)c+n&
t+e slee2e of t+e coat I 8as t+en 8earn& (of a ight s)t)1 !ot t+s coat1 b)t
t+at dar3 s)t "o) 8ear so'et'es. I e2en sa8 clearl" t+e sma checB
$attern of tG and I sa8 "o)r feat)res as $lanl" as t+o)&+ "o) +ad been
bodl" $resent. I coud not +a2e seen "o) 'ore dstnctl".9
/ss G.5s acco)nt sJ
1une .Ath, *A@>.
% $ec)lar occ)rrence +a$$ened to 'e on t+e 6ednesda" of t+e 8ee3
before last. In t+e afternoon (ben& tred b" a 'ornn& 8al3)1 8+le sttn& n
an eas"Cc+ar near t+e 8ndo8 of '" o8n roo'1 I fell aslee$. %t an" t'e I
+a$$en to slee$ d)rn& t+e da" (8+c+ s b)t seldo') I n2arabl" a8a3e
8t+ tred )nco'fortable sensatons1 8+c+ ta3e so'e lttle t'e to $ass offG
b)t t+at afternoon1 on t+e contrar"1 I 8as s)ddenl" E)te 8de a8a3e1 seen&
/r. Rr3 standn& near '" c+ar1 dressed n a dar3Cbro8n coat1 8+c+ I +ad
freE)entl" seen +' 8ear. -s bac3 8as to8ards t+e 8ndo81 +s r&+t +and
to8ards 'eG +e $assed across t+e roo' to8ards t+e door1 8+c+ s o$$oste
t+e 8ndo81 t+e s$ace bet8een ben& *? feet1 t+e f)rnt)re so arran&ed as to
lea2e D)st t+at centre clearG b)t 8+en +e &ot abo)t < feet fro' t+e door1
8+c+ 8as closed1 +e dsa$$eared.
/" frst t+o)&+t 8as1 +ad t+s +a$$ened a fe8 +o)rs later I s+o)ld +a2e
bele2ed t tele$at+c19 for * 3ne8 /r. Rr3 +ad tred e#$er'entn& at
dfferent t'es1 b)t +ad no dea +e 8as don& so recentl". %lt+o)&+ I +a2e
been ')c+ nterested b" +s con2ersaton abo)t $s"c+cal $+eno'ena at
2aro)s t'es d)rn& t+e $ast "ear1 I ')st confess t+e ele'ent of do)bt
#oud 2er" forcbl" $resent tself as to 8+et+er tele$at+c co'')ncaton
co)ld be reall" a factG and I t+en t+o)&+t1 3no8n& +e ')st be at t+e offce
at t+e t'e I sa8 +' (8+c+ 8as E)te as dstnctl" as f +e +ad been reall"
n t+e roo')1 t+at n t+s nstance1 at least1 t ')st be $)rel" 'a&nar"1 and
feeln& so s)re t 8as onl" fanc"1 resol2ed not to 'enton t1 and dd not do
so )ntl t+s 8ee31 8+en1 al'ost n2ol)ntarl"1 I told +' all abo)t t. /)c+
to '" astons+'ent1 +i,LOH- /r. Rr3 8as 2er" $leased 8t+ t+e acco)nt1
and as3ed 'e to 8rte t1 telln& 'e t+at on t+at afternoon1 feeln& rat+er
tred1 +e $)t do8n +s $en for a fe8 'o'ents1 and1 to )se +s o8n 8ords1
t+re8 +'self nto t+s roo'.9 -e also told 'e +e +ad $)r$osel" a2oded
t+s s)bDect n '" $resence latel"1 t+at be '&+t not nfl)ence 'e1 b)t 8as
an#o)sl" +o$n& I 8o)ld ntrod)ce t.
I feel s)re I +ad not been drea'n& of +'1 and cannot re'e'ber t+at
an"t+n& +ad +a$$ened to ca)se 'e e2en to t+n3 of +' t+at afternoon
before falln& aslee$.
/r. Rr3 8rtes laterJ
I +a2e onl" s)cceeded once n 'a3n& '"self 2sble to /ss G. snce
t+e occason I +a2e alread" re$orted1 and t+at +ad t+e sn&)lart" of ben&
onl" '" feat)res'" face n miniature, t+at s1 abo)t three inches n
da'eter.
In a letter dated 7an)ar" *@t+1 *A@*1 /r. Rr3 sa"s as to t+s last
a$$earanceJ
/ss G. dd not record t+s at t+e t'e1 as s+e attac+ed no '$ortance to
t1 b)t I noted t+e date (7)l" .;rd) on '" offce blottn&C$ad1 as t 8as at t+e
offce I 8as t+n3n& of +er. I sa" t+n3n&19 beca)se I 8as don& so n
connecton 8t+ anot+er s)bDect1 and 8t+ no $)r$ose of 'a3n& an
e#$er'ent. I +ad a +eadac+e1 and 8as restn& '" +ead on '" left +and.
()ddenl" t occ)rred to 'e t+at '" t+n3n& abo)t +er '&+t $robabl"
nfl)ence +er n so'e 8a"1 and I 'ade t+e note I +a2e 'entoned.
*
/rs. (d&8c3 +ad a tal3 8t+ /r. Rr3 and 8t+ /ss G. on %$rl At+1
*A@.1 abo)t t+e abo2e ncdents and ot+er e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tC
transference bet8een t+e'1 and 8rtesJ
/r. Rr35s a$$earance to /ss G. e2dentl" '$ressed +er 2er" ')c+. It
8as e#tre'el" realstc. (+e s E)te s)re s+e 8as a8a3e. It 8as as f s+e +ad
8a3ed )$ to see t1 b)t s+e +ad not been drea'n& of /r. Rr3. T+e f&)re
dd not loo3 to8ards +er or a$$ear to ta3e an" nterest n +er. T+e ot+er t'e
s+e sa8 +s face t 8as l3e a 'nat)re. (+e dd not t+n3 so ')c+ of t+at
e#$erence.
'') C . T+e follo8n& case s E)oted fro' an artcle b" ,r. R. -od&son
n t+e 9orum for /arc+ *@>>. -e 8rtesJ
,r. G.1 a c)lt)red lad"1 an /.,.1 so'e of 8+ose e#$erences as
$erc$ent +a2e been recorded n t+e &roceedings of t+e %'ercan (.P.R.1
dre8 '" attenton so'e t'e a&o to an acco)nt 8+c+ s+e +ad &2en n The
'erad o$ 'eath, of an e#$erence 8+ere s+e +erself 8as t+e a&ent1 and a
frend of +ers1 8+o' I s+all call /rs. C.1 t+e $erc$ent. %ccordn& to t+e
acco)nt1 8+c+ I abrd&e1 ,r. G. arran&ed1 earl" n October of *AA?1 to tr"
2ol)ntarl" to a$$ear or ca)se a 2son of +erself to a$$ear to /rs. C. at a
dstance. (oon after8ards ,r. G. 8ent to a ct" ?>> 'les fro' 8+ere /rs.
C. 8as l2n&1 and at nter2als endea2o)red (2anl") to &o to +er frend
'entall"G b)t no 8rtten co'')ncaton too3 $lace bet8een t+e'1 nor +ad
an" +o)r been f#ed for t+e e#$er'ent.
+i,LOI-
YOne n&+t I 8ent to bed n a +&+ fe2er conseE)ent )$on a s)dden
b)t sl&+t nds$oston. /" 'nd 8as dl" b)t ner2o)sl" occ)$ed b" a
&reat n)'ber of to$cs. %'on& ot+er t+n&s I t+o)&+t of a certan rece$ton
8+c+ I +ad to attend n a fe8 da"s1 of +a2n& no dress s)table for t+e
occason1 b)t of one 8+c+ I +ad at +o'e and 8s+ed for. %nd t+en I
8andered1 b" assocaton of deas1 to t+n3 of a certan e2enn& co'$an"
8+c+ I +ad attended 8t+ t+e frend 8t+ 8+o' I 8s+ed to tr" '"
e#$er'ent n tele$at+". I t+o)&+t of t+s dl"1 8t+o)t 2olton1 b)t as n
fe2er t+e 'nd see's to cln& to dle t+o)&+ts 8t+ &reat $ersstence1 so
t+ese t+o)&+ts 3e$t re$eatn& t+e'sel2es. I beca'e 8ear" of t+er
$ersstence1 "et co)ld not esca$e t+e'. I fnall" be&an to 8onder 8+" I
co)ld not a$$ear to '" frend1 b)t dd not tr"onl" 3e$t t+an3n& of t.
()ddenl" '" bod" beca'e sl&+tl" n)'b1 '" +ead felt l&+t1 '"
breat+n& beca'e slo8 and lo)d1 as 8+en one &oes to slee$. I +ad often
been1 n a s'lar state. 6+en I ca'e o)t of t I lt t+e candle and loo3ed at
'" 8atc+. T+e ne#t da" I t+o)&+t of t+e e#$erence of t+e n&+t as
'eann&less1 and 8as as+a'ed of +a2n& consdered a c+an&e of breat+n&
as an"t+n& 'ore t+an a $re'onton of &on& to slee$.
% fe8 da"s after t+s e#$erence I rece2ed a letter fro' '" frend1
for8arded fro' 8+ere s+e s)$$osed I 8as1 n 8+c+ s+e stated t+at I +ad
a$$eared to +er on a certan e2enn&1 &2n& t+e t'eG t+at I 8ore a dress s+e
+ad ne2er seen before1 b)t 8+c+ s+e $erfectl" descrbedG t+at I stood 8t+
'" bac3 to +er and re'aned b)t a 'o'ent or t8o.
%s I +ad not 8rtten to +er of '" efforts to a$$ear to +er1 and as t+e
o$$ort)ntes of t8o 'ont+s for &)essC8or3 or dece$ton +ad ela$sed1 I felt
t+at '" $roof 8as as $ost2e as I co)ld desre. !ot $roof1 +o8e2er1 of t+e
o)t&on& of an astral bod". -ad I a$$eared to '" frend as I 8as at t+e
'o'ent1 n bed n '" n&+tCdress1 t+e case 8o)ld +a2e s'$l" $aralleled
'an" of 8+c+ 8e +a2e readG b)t '" a$$earance n a dress t+at 8as .>>
'les a8a"1 and 8+c+ +ad ne2er been seen b" t+e $erc$ent1 for's $roof
of t+e best t+eor" t+at +as "et been $ro$o)nded b" st)dents of tele$at+".Y9
I +a2e rece2ed a corroborat2e acco)nt fro' t+e lad" 8+o +ad t+s
2son1 and +er or&nal letter +as also been 3ndl" for8arded to 'e for '"
ns$ecton. It reads t+)sJ
!E6 YORR1 November .*st, *AA?.
,E%R 1,d "o) co'e to 'e last e2enn&1 4rda"1 !o2e'ber .>t+W
(o'ebod" dd1 near ten o5cloc3. (+e 8ore a bl)e 2el2et dress1 +andso'el"
dra$ed1 8t+ 8+te c)ffs at t+e 8rst. B)t I onl" sa8 t+e f&)re. T+e face 8as
not re2ealed to 'e. I +ad &one to bed and $)t o)t t+e l&+t. It 8as 8t+ t+e
nteror s&+t I sa8. It 8as &one n an nstant.Yo)rs1
9
'') D . T+e e#$er'ent n t+e follo8n& case s)cceeded on t+e frst
tral. T+e a&ent 8as /ss Edt+ /a)&+an (no8 /rs. G. Ra"le&+ Vcars)1
and t+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .=;. /ss
/a)&+an 8rtesJ
+i,LOJ-
September *A@>.
One n&+t n (e$te'ber *AAA I 8as l"n& a8a3e n bed readn&. I for&et
8+at t+e boo3 8as1 b)t I +ad recentl" been st)d"n& 8t+ nterest 2aro)s
cases of astral $roDecton n &hantasms o$ the .iving, and I dstnctl"
re'e'ber 'a3n& )$ '" 'nd t+at n&+t to tr" 8+et+er I co)ld 'ana&e to
acco'$ls+ a $roDecton of '"self b" force of 8llCconcentraton.
T+e roo' ne#t to 'ne 8as occ)$ed b" a frend of 'ne L/ss Et+el
T+o'$sonM1 8+o 8as an old acE)antance1 and not at all of an e#ctable t)rn
of 'nd. T+s roo' +ad for'erl" been )sed as a dressn&Croo'1 and t+ere
8as a door connectn& t 8t+ 'ne. 4or so'e "ears1 +o8e2er1 t +ad been
absol)tel" se$arated b" t+e loc3ed door1 on '" sde of 8+c+ stood a 2er"
+ea2" 8ardrobe1 8+c+ 8o)ld reE)re t8o stron& 'en to 'o2e t a8a". T+e
onl" a2alable e#t fro' '" roo' 8as t+e ot+er door 8+c+ o$ened on to
t+e landn&1 as 8as also t+e case 8t+ t+e dressn&Croo'. T+at n&+t I
$erfectl" recall l"n& bac3 on '" $llo8 8t+ a resol)te b)t +alfCdo)btf)l
and a')sed deter'naton to 'a3e /ss T+o'$son see 'e. T+e candle 8as
b)rnn& on a c+ar at t+e sde of '" bed1 and I +eard onl" t+e tc3n& of t+e
cloc3 n '" roo' as I 8lled9 8t+ all '" '&+t to a$$ear to +er. %fter a
fe8 'n)tes I felt dNN" and onl" +alfCconsco)s.
I don5t 3no8 +o8 lon& t+s state 'a" +a2e lasted1 b)t I do re'e'ber
e'er&n& nto a consco)s state and t+n3n& I +ad better lea2e off1 as t+e
stran +ad e#+a)sted 'e.
I &a2e )$1 and c+an&n& nto an eas" $oston I t+o)&+t I +ad faled and
needlessl" fat&)ed '"self for an '$ossble fanc". I ble8 o)t '" candleG at
t+e nstant I 8as startled b" +earn& an ndstnct so)nd fro' t+e ne#t roo'.
It 8as /ss T+o'$son5s 2oce rased sl&+tl"1 b)t I co)ld not dstn&)s+
'ore t+an t+e act)al so)nd1 8+c+ 8as re$eated1 and t+en t+ere 8as slence.
I 8ondered 8+et+er s+e +ad +ad a bad drea'1 and lstened a s+ort t'e1 b)t
dd not sero)sl" 'a&ne t+at t 8as 'ore t+an an accdental concdence.
(oon after '" cloc3 str)c3 t8o (%./.)1 and I fell aslee$.
!e#t 'ornn& I notced t+at /ss T+o'$son loo3ed rat+er tred at
brea3fast1 b)t I as3ed no E)estons. Presentl" s+e sad1 -ad I &one nto +er
roo' to fr&+ten +er d)rn& t+e n&+tW9 I sad I +ad not left '" roo'. (+e
declared t+at I see'ed to +er to co'e n and bend o2er +er. 4ro' 8+at s+e
sad I concl)ded t ')st +a2e been bet8een * and . %./. -er o8n acco)nt s
n t+e $ossesson of t+e Ps"c+cal (ocet". %ll I +a2e to add s1 t+at I 8as n
'" ordnar" state of +ealt+1 and not at all e#cted1 b)t 'erel" bent on tr"n&
an e#$er'ent.
In a letter acco'$an"n& t+s1 /ss /a)&+an sa"sJ
I can5t fnd t+e fact notced n '" dar" for *AAA. I onl" 3ee$ a 2er" tn"
one1 D)st for t+e sa3e of entern& letters1 &c.1 and +a2e no all)sons to 8+at
+a$$ens as a r)le. I fanc"1 t+o)&+1 t+at t 8as on t+e n&+t of (e$te'ber
*>t+. ,oes /ss T+o'$son &2e an" e#act dateW for f t a$$ro#'ates to
t+at1 t 8o)ld be t+e correct one. I 3no8 t 8as D)st at t+at t'e1 beca)se t
8as d)rn& +er last 2st at t+s +o)se.
+i,LOK-
/ss T+o'$son 8rtesJ
T-E C-I/E(1 GROVE P%RR1 C-I(6ICR1 *ecember ;>th,
*AA@.
,)rn& t+e s)''er of *AAA (end of %)&)st) I 8as sta"n& 8t+ t+e /ss
/a)&+ans n Lncolns+re. 6e 8ere nterested n T+eoso$+"1 and +ad been
dsc)ssn& t+e $+eno'ena of $eo$le lea2n& t+er bodes and a$$earn& n
t+er astral for's. I a' not a &ood slee$er1 b)t not at all of a ner2o)s
te'$era'ent. I sta"ed a8a3e one n&+t )ntl t8o or t+ree. I 8as $erfectl"
8de a8a3e1 8+en s)ddenl" I sa8 /ss Edt+ /a)&+an standn& b" '"
bedsde n +er ordnar" dar3 dressn&C&o8n. T+e 'oonl&+t ca'e n at t+e
8ndo8 s)ffcentl" for 'e to dstn&)s+ +er face clearl"1 and +er f&)re
$artall". I sat )$ n bed1 and sad1 rat+er crossl"1 6+at do "o) 8ant +ere1
Edt+W9 I t+o)&+t s+e +ad co'e for so'e Do3e. %s s+e ddn5t ans8er1 I
immediatey str)c3 a l&+t1 b)t s+e 8as &one. It s a 'sta3e t+at I screa'ed
o)t. I 'a" +a2e s$o3en s)ffcentl" lo)dl" to be +eard n t+e ne#t roo'. I
t+o)&+t s+e +ad &ot o)t of t+e roo' 8t+ astons+n& ra$dt"1 b)t I ddn5t
tro)ble ')c+ abo)t t. T+e ne#t 'ornn& I as3ed 8+" s+e ca'e nto '"
roo'. (+e dened +a2n& done so1 b)t sad s+e +ad t+o)&+t of co'n&1 b)t
t+at as t '&+t dst)rb 'e s+e decded not. (+e sad s+e sat )$ n bed1 and
for t+e sa3e of so'et+n& to do 8as 8lln& +erself to &o o)t of +er bod" and
co'e to 'e1 and 'entoned abo)t t+e t'e I sa8 +er. %lt+o)&+ t s 'ore
t+an a "ear a&o1 I re'e'ber t+e ncdent clearl"1 as t 'ade a dstnct
'$resson )$on 'e.
ET-EL T-O/P(O!.
/rs. (d&8c3 tal3ed o2er t+s e#$erence 8t+ /ss /a)&+an and /ss
T+o'$son se$aratel"1 and E)estoned t+e' s$ecall" as to t+e $ossblt"
t+at /ss /a)&+an +ad reall" &one nto /ss T+o'$son5s roo'
)nconsco)sl". T+e" 8ere bot+ E)te certan t+at s+e +ad not done so1 /ss
T+o'$son d8elln& on t+e '$ossble ra$dt" of t+e dsa$$earance1 and
/ss /a)&+an on t+e fact t+at1 8+en s+e ro)sed +erself1 s+e 8as l"n& n
t+e sa'e $oston as before+ands clas$ed and feet crossed n a s$ecal
'anner1 8+c+1 s+e +ad been told1 s ado$ted b" Eastern $eo$le 8s+n& to
concentrate t+e'sel2es on an"t+n&1 and 8+c+ s+e ado$ted delberatel" on
t+s acco)nt.
In connecton 8t+ t+s ncdent1 t s nterestn& t+at /ss /a)&+an +as
a$$eared1 b)t )nntentonall"1 on ot+er occasons to ot+er $erc$ents (see
'+, E).
'') E . 4ro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19 Appendi0
:. % Pro$osed (c+e'e of %$$artons19 b" 4. 6. -. /YER(1 &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <*A.
T+e follo8n& s an acco)nt of an e#$er'ent 'ade bet8een t8o lades
8ell 3no8n to 'e1 8+o' I 8ll call /ss ,an2ers and /rs. 4leet8ood1
8+c+ I +ere E)ote as 8ell ll)stratn& so'e of t+e $onts to 8+c+ I 8s+ to
call attenton. I as3ed /ss ,an2ers to endea2o)r to a$$ear to /rs.
4leet8ood1 8t+o)t fore8arnn& t+at lad"1 and to send 'e a etter,card (t+e
best 2e+cle for s)c+ co'')ncatons1 as t carres t+e $ostal date '$ressed
on 8+at re'ans1 ne2ert+eless1 a $r2ate letter)1to tell 'e of t+e atte'$t
before s+e 3ne8 8+et+er t +ad s)cceeded or no.
+i,LOL-
On 7)ne .>t+1 *A@<1 I rece2ed t+e follo8n& letter1 dated 7)ne *@t+1
fro' /ss ,an2ers1 8t+ t8o enclos)resJ
On ()nda" n&+t at *. P./. I tred to a$$ear to /rs. 4leet8ood Lat a
dstance of abo)t nne 'lesM and s)cceeded n feeln& as f I 8ere reall" n
+er roo'. I +ad previousy 8rtten '" state'ent1 8+c+ I enclose1 to&et+er
8t+ /rs. 4leet8ood5s1 8+c+ s+e +as D)st sent 'e. (+e 8rote t also at the
time, not 3no8n& I 8as tr"n& to a$$ear. I 8as l"n& do8n1 not 3neeln&1
b)t t+e ot+er detals are correct9
% 'e'orand)'1 s&ned b" /ss ,an2ers1 8as enclosed1 as follo8sJ
7)ne *=t+1 *A@<1 *. P./. I 8rte t+s D)st before tr"n& to a$$ear to /rs.
4leet8ood. /" +ar s do8n1 and I a' &on& to le do8n and tr" to a$$ear
8t+ '" e"es closed.9
%lso a 'e'orand)'1 s&ned b" /rs. 4leet8ood1 as follo8sJ ()nda"
n&+t1 7)ne *=t+1 *A@<.I 8o3e fro' '" frst slee$ to see Edt+ ,an2ers
a$$arentl" 3neeln& on an eas" c+ar b" '" bedsde1 +er $rofle t)rned
to8ards 'e1 +er +ar flo8n&1 and e"es closed1 or loo3n& E)te do8n. I felt
startled at frst1 as I al8a"s do1 on seen& 2sons n 8a3n& 'o'ents1 b)t
deter'ned to 3ee$ E)etG and after I 8as f)ll" a8a3e and able to reason
8t+ '"self1 t+e f&)re stll re'aned1 and t+en &rad)all" faded l3e a
dssol2n& 2e8. I &ot )$ and loo3ed at t+e cloc3. It 8as D)st t8el2e. I 8as
alone n t+e roo'. %s I no8 8rte1 t s abo)t t8o 'n)tes after t8el2e.9
In con2ersaton on 7)ne .;rd /ss ,an2ers told 'e t+at s+e +ad seen1 n
a sort of flas+1 /rs. 4leet8ood start )$ n bed1 rest on +er elbo81 and loo3
to8ards +er. (+e +ad not been clearl" a8are of +er o8n attt)de n /rs.
4leet8ood5s roo'1 alt+o)&+ s+e see'ed a8are of +er position, 8+c+
corres$onded to t+e $lace to8ards 8+c+ /rs. 4leet8ood &aNed. /ss
,an2ers +ad ne2er $re2o)sl" 'ade notes of an e#$er'ent1 and +ad not
seen t+e '$ortance of 8rtn& do8n t+s $ont at once1 nor +ad s+e felt
confdent t+at /rs. 4leet8ood reall" sa8 +er. /rs. 4leet8ood also sent 'e
a letter of /ss ,an2ers to +erself dated 7)ne *At+1 n 8+c+1 a'on& 2aro)s
ot+er 'atters1 /ss ,an2ers as3s1 -a2e I a$$eared to "o) at allW I tred last
n&+t1 b)t "o) 'a" not +a2e been alone.9 T+ere s1 of co)rse1 t+erefore1 no
$roof t+at /ss ,an2ers5 sense of n2ason of t+e roo' 8as 'ore t+an
s)bDect2eG b)t t+e $ont s 8ort+ 'enton n connecton 8t+ t+e e#$er'ent
$resentl" to follo8. %s re&ards /rs. 4leet8ood5s 2sons n 8a3n&
'o'ents19 t+at lad" +erself bele2es t+e' to +a2e been all n so'e sense
2erdcal1 b)t t+e" +a2e not been recorded. T+e" ncl)ded t8o 2sons of
/ss ,an2ers1 at 'o'ents 8+en /ss ,an2ers on +er $art 8as stron&l"
drectn& +er attenton to /rs. 4leet8ood. (o1 at least1 bot+ lades bele2eG
b)t t+e 2sons 8ere not recorded at t+e t'e.
/ss ,an2ers t+en 'ade a second e#$er'ent1 n 8+c+1 t+ro)&+ so'e
's)nderstandn& of t+e d)e condtons1 s+e nfor'ed /rs. 4leet8ood
before+and of +er ntended n2ason. It t)rned o)t1 +o8e2er1 t+at /rs.
4leet8ood sa8 not+n& 8+ate2erGso t+at 8e +a2e at least t+e ne&at2e
ass)rance t+at 'ere e#$ectaton on +er $art does not necessarl" $rod)ce a
2son. /ss ,an2ers t+en 'ade a t+rd ()nanno)nced) e#$er'ent of a
rat+er dfferent 3nd1 8+c+ s+e descrbes to 'e as follo8s n a letter dated
7)ne .=t+1 *A@<.
On /onda"1 7)ne .?t+1 at *..*? %./.1 I t+o)&+t I 8o)ld tr" to &o to
/rs. 4leet8ood5s roo'1 b)t dd not t+n3 s+e co)ld see 'e. I s)cceeded n
seen& +er roo'1 and sa8 t+e t+rd 2ol)'e of 2arcea, l"n& on a c+ar b"
t+e bedsde. I dd not 3no8 s+e 8as readn& t1 as I t+o)&+t s+e +ad fns+ed
t lon& a&o1 so I 8as s)r$rsed. /rs. 4leet8ood dd not a$$ear to see 'e1 or
'a3e +i,LOM- an" s&n. T+e room 8as ot+er8se ')c+ as )s)al. On t+e
sa'e da" I sa8 /rs. 4leet8ood1 and as3ed +er f 8+at I sa8 8as correct1
and s+e sad t 8as $erfectl" so. (+e also sad s+e 8as s)ffern& fro'
toot+ac+e and co)ld not see 'e1 b)t felt a $resence n t+e roo'.9
/rs. 4leet8ood 8rtes1 7)ne .=t+J 6+en /ss ,an2ers ca'e to l)nc+
8t+ 'e1 on /onda" last1 s+e as3ed 'e f I +ad ta3en t+e t+rd 2ol)'e of
2arcea, )$ to '" roo' t+e n&+t before (t+e .<t+)G as s+e +ad been t+ere
n t+e s$rt1 and +ad seen t l"n& on a c+ar b" '" bed. T+s 8as $recsel"
8+at +ad +a$$ened. I +ad ta3en )$ t+e boo3 to read n t+e earl" 'ornn&1
b)t I a' s)re /ss ,an2ers dd not 3no8 of '" often don& so L.e. ta3n& a
boo3 to +er bedroo'M1 as t s not '" )s)al +abt.9 On 7)ne ;>t+1 /rs.
4leet8ood addsJ /ss ,an2ers dd 3no8 8e +ad +ad 2arcea, n t+e
+o)se1 for s+e read t 8+en +ereG b)t s+e E)te t+o)&+t t +ad been sent a8a"
lon& before s+e sa8 t n '" roo'. (+e dd not 3no8 t+at I +ad lad t asde1
ben& b)s"1 and +ad 3e$t bac3 t+e t+rd 2ol)'e.9
'') F . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. @@. T+s case s s$ecall"
nterestn& n ben& reciproca, as 8ell as e0perimenta. It ')st be obser2ed1
+o8e2er1 t+at t+e atte'$t to $rod)ce an a$$arton of +'self see's to +a2e
been onl" a secondar" obDect on t+e $art of t+e a&entG +s 'an desre ben&
to dsco2er +'self so'et+n& of t+e $erc$ent5s condton. It 8ll be
obser2ed t+at +e dd not a$$ear n t+e clot+es 8+c+ +e 8as act)all"
8earn& at t+e t'e1 b)t n a &arb fa'lar to t+e $erc$ent.
T+e case 8as sent to )s b" ,r. /. L. -olbroo3 (an %ssocate of t+e
%'ercan Branc+ of t+e (.P.R.)1 8+o 8rtes concernn& t to ,r. -od&sonJ

1une *A@<.M
I t+n3 t+e enclosed case s a 2er" &ood one. I +a2e 3no8n of t for
"ears1 and &ot t 8rtten o)t a da" or t8o a&o1 8+en n La3e8ood1 !.7. T+e
son5s test'on" (Geo. (nclar) 8as 8rtten o)t 8t+o)t an" cons)ltaton
8t+ +s $arents1 or 3no8led&e of 8+at t+e" +ad sad.
/. L. -OLBROOR.
T+e follo8n& s t+e acco)nt of t+e a&ent1 /r. B. 4. (nclarJ
L%RE6OO,1 1une *.th, *A@<.
On t+e ?t+ of 7)l" *AA=1 I left '" +o'e n La3e8ood to &o to !e8 Yor3
to s$end a fe8 da"s. /" 8fe 8as not feeln& 8ell 8+en I left1 and after I
+ad started I loo3ed bac3 and sa8 +er standn& n t+e door loo3n&
dsconsolate and sad at '" lea2n&. T+e $ct)re +a)nted 'e all da"1 and at
n&+t1 before I 8ent to bed1 I t+o)&+t I 8o)ld tr" to fnd o)t f $ossble +er
condton. I +ad )ndressed1 and 8as sttn& on t+e ed&e of t+e bed1 8+en I
co2ered '" face 8t+ '" +ands and 8lled '"self n La3e8ood at +o'e to
see f I co)ld see +er. %fter a lttle1 I see'ed to be standn& n +er roo'
before t+e bed1 and sa8 +er l"n& t+e' loo3n& ')c+ better. I felt satsfed
s+e 8as better1 and so s$ent t+e 8ee3 'ore co'fortabl" re&ardn& +er
condton. On (at)rda" I 8ent +o'e. 6+en s+e sa8 'e1 s+e re'ar3ed1 I
don5t 3no8 8+et+er I a' &lad to see "o) or not1 for I t+o)&+t so'et+n& +ad
+a$$ened to "o). I sa8 "o) standn& n front of t+e bed t+e n&+t (abo)t
A.;> or before @) "o) left1 as $lan as co)ld be1 +i,LON- and I +a2e been
8orr"n& '"self abo)t "o) e2er snce. I sent to t+e offce and to t+e de$bt
dal" to &et so'e 'essa&e fro' "o).9 %fter e#$lann& '" effort to fnd o)t
+er condton1 e2er"t+n& beca'e $lan to +er. (+e +ad seen 'e 8+en I 8as
tr"n& to see +er and fnd o)t +er condton. I t+o)&+t at t+e t'e I 8as &on&
to see +er and 'a3e +er see 'e.
B. 4. (I!CL%IR.
/rs. (nclar 8rtesJ
I re'e'ber t+s e#$erence 8ell. I sa8 +' as $lan as f +e +ad been
t+ere n $erson. I dd not see +' n +s n&+tCclot+es1 b)t n a s)t t+at +)n&
n t+e closet at +o'e. It 'ade 'e 2er" an#o)s1 for I felt t+at so'e accdent
or ot+er +ad befallen +'. I 8as on t+e rac3 all t+e t'e tll (at)rda"1 and f
+e +ad not co'e +o'e t+en1 I s+o)ld +a2e sent to +' to fnd o)t f an"t+n&
8as 8ron&.
-. /. (I!CL%IR.
/r. Geor&e (nclar1 n ans8er to ,r. -olbroo35s reE)est for +s
test'on"1 8rote to +'J
.=1 =T- (TREET1 !.Y. CITY1 !.Y.1 1une *<th, *A@<.
,E%R (IR1Yo)rs of t+e *;t+ nst. at +and1 and I 8ll 8t+ $leas)re
&2e "o) 8+ate2er nfor'aton I can. %t t+e t'e n E)eston I 8as l2n& at
t+e (e2en (tars +o)se n La3e8ood1 &on& to and fro' '" 8or3 and
stabln& '" +orse at fat+er5s. I do not re'e'ber t+e date1 b)t t+n3 t 8as
abo)t t+e 'ddle of t+e 8ee3 t+at 'ot+er told 'e n t+e 'ornn& t+at s+e
+ad seen fat+er t+e n&+t before D)st before s+e retred for t+e n&+t.9 -s
face 8as dra8n and set as f +e 8ere et+er dead or tr"n& to acco'$ls+
so'et+n& 8+c+ 8as be"ond +'.9 (+e 8atc+ed 2er" an#o)sl" t+e balance
of t+e 8ee3 for a letter or tele&ra'1 b)t none ca'e1 and 8+en no 8ord ca'e
on (at)rda" s+e 8as al'ost craN". -e )ne#$ectedl" ret)rned (at)rda"
n&+t1 sa"n& t+at t 8as D)st as c+ea$ to co'e +o'e as to sta" n !.Y. o2er
()nda" at a +otel.
6+en 'ot+er E)estoned +' n re&ard to t+e ncdent at t+e 'ddle of
t+e 8ee31 +e sad t+at +e 'ade )$ +s 'nd to see +er t+at n&+t f $ossble1
and +ad concentrated +s 8ll $o8er on t+at one obDect19 8t+ t+e res)lt
8+c+ "o) 3no8. It &a2e +' $leas)re and +er a &ood deal of )neasness.
GEO. (I!CL%IR.
'') G . 80periments o$ '. 2. Desermann.T+e follo8n& acco)nt of
6eser'ann5s e#$er'ents s E)oted fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .*=1
ben& t+ere ta3en fro' a boo3 called 2esmerism and the Wniversa
.anguage
*
$)bls+ed n *A..1 b" -. /. 6eser'ann1 Go2ern'ent %ssessor
and C+ef Ins$ector of Roads at ,qsseldorf1 &c. B" t+e )n2ersal
lan&)a&e9 6eser'ann 'eans t+o)&+tCtransference and clar2o"ance1 and
+s boo3 s a re2e8 of t+e Ger'an lterat)re on %n'al /a&nets'19
'anl" of t+e second decade of t+s cent)r"1 fro' a $s"c+cal $ont of 2e81
8t+ so'e e#$er'ents and obser2atons of +s o8n. T+e boo3 s f)ll"
dsc)ssed n t+e 1ourna, b)t I +a2e s$ace onl" to refer to an e#$er'ent of
8+c+ an acco)nt 8as E)oted n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. *>*1 and
abo)t 8+c+ 8e +ere fnd so'e 2al)able addtonal e2dence. /es'er5s
o$non t+at all '&+t 3no8 8+at 8as +a$$enn& to a frend +i,LOO- 8+o
8as t+n3n& of t+e'1 8ere t not for t+e stron&er '$ressons rece2ed
t+ro)&+ t+e senses1 s)&&ested to 6eser'ann to tr" to transfer 'ental 'a&es
to slee$n& frends at a dstanceG and acco)nts of fo)r e#$er'ents n 8+c+
+e 8as s)ccessf)l n t+)s '$osn& drea's on +s frends are &2en n
&hantasms. -s fft+ e#$er'ent1 at a dstance of nne 'les1 s t+e one
abo)t 8+c+ +s boo3 &2es addtonal e2dencen fact1 a frstC+and
acco)nt fro' one of t+e $erc$ents1 of 8+c+ t+e e#stence 8as not 3no8n
to G)rne". T+e follo8n& s t+e acco)nt n f)ll1 translated fro' +s boo3 ($.
.A).
% lad"1 8+o +ad been dead f2e "ears1 8as to a$$ear to Le)tenant
n n a drea' at *>.;> P./. and ncte +' to &ood deeds. %t +alfC$ast ten1
contrar" to e#$ectaton1 -err n +ad not &one to bed1 b)t 8as dsc)ssn&
t+e 4renc+ ca'$a&n 8t+ +s frend Le)tenant ( n t+e anteCroo'.
()ddenl" t+e door of t+e roo' o$ened1 t+e lad" entered dressed n 8+te1
8t+ a blac3 3erc+ef and )nco2ered +ead1 &reeted ( 8t+ +er +and
t+ree t'es n a frendl" 'annerG t+en t)rned to n1 nodded to +'1 and
ret)rned a&an t+ro)&+ t+e door8a".
%s t+s stor"1 related to 'e b" Le)tenant n1 see'ed to be too
re'ar3able fro' a $s"c+olo&cal $ont of 2e8 for t+e tr)t+ of t not to be
d)l" establs+ed1 I 8rote to Le)tenant (1 8+o 8as l2n& s# 'les
a8a"1 and as3ed +' to &2e 'e +s acco)nt of t. -e sent 'e t+e follo8n&
re$l"J
YOn t+e *;t+ of /arc+ *A*=1 -err n ca'e to $a" 'e a 2st at '"
lod&n&s abo)t a lea&)e fro' %. -e sta"ed t+e n&+t 8t+ 'e. %fter
s)$$er1 and 8+en 8e 8ere bot+ )ndressed1 I 8as sttn& on '" bed and -err
n 8as standn& b" t+e door of t+e ne#t roo' on t+e $ont also of &on&
to bed. T+s 8as abo)t +alfC$ast ten. 6e 8ere s$ea3n& $artl" abo)t
ndfferent s)bDects and $artl" abo)t t+e e2ents of t+e 4renc+ ca'$a&n.
()ddenl" t+e door o)t of t+e 3tc+en o$ened 8t+o)t a so)nd1 and a lad"
entered1 2er" $ale1 taller t+an -err n1 abo)t f2e feet fo)r nc+es n
+e&+t1 stron& and broad of f&)re1 dressed n 8+te1 b)t 8t+ a lar&e blac3
3erc+ef 8+c+ reac+ed to belo8 t+e 8ast. (+e entered 8t+ bare +ead1
&reeted 'e 8t+ t+e +and t+ree t'es n co'$l'entar" fas+on1 t)rned
ro)nd to t+e left to8ards -err n1 and 8a2ed +er +and to +' t+ree
t'esG after 8+c+ t+e f&)re E)etl"1 and a&an 8t+o)t an" crea3n& of t+e
door1 8ent o)t. 6e follo8ed at once n order to dsco2er 8+et+er t+ere 8ere
an" dece$ton1 b)t fo)nd not+n&. T+e stran&est t+n& 8as t+s1 t+at o)r
n&+tC8atc+ of t8o 'en 8+o' I +ad s+ortl" before fo)nd on t+e 8atc+ 8ere
no8 aslee$1 t+o)&+ at '" frst call t+e" 8ere on t+e alert1 and t+at t+e door
of t+e roo'1 8+c+ al8a"s o$ens 8t+ a &ood deal of nose1 dd not 'a3e
t+e sl&+test so)nd 8+en o$ened b" t+e f&)re.
(.
,!1 1anuary **th, *A*A.
4ro' t+s stor" (6eser'ann contn)es) t+e follo8n& concl)sons 'a"
be dra8nJ
*. T+at 8a3n& $ersons1 as 8ell as slee$n&1 are ca$able of $erce2n&
t+e 'ental $ct)res of dstant frends t+ro)&+ t+e nner sense as drea'
'a&es. 4or not onl" t+e o$enn& and s+)ttn& of t+e door1 b)t t+e f&)re
tself8+c+1 +i,MPP- 'oreo2er1 e#actl" rese'bled t+at of t+e dead lad"
8as ncontestabl" onl" a drea' n t+e 8a3n& state1 snce t+e door 8o)ld
+a2e crea3ed as )s)al +ad t+e f&)re reall" o$ened and s+)t t.
.. T+at 'an" a$$artons and s)$$osed effects of 8tc+craft 8ere 2er"
$robabl" $rod)ced n t+e sa'e 8a".Y
4or ot+er cases of e#$er'ental a$$artons1 see &hantasms o$ the
.iving, 2ol. . $. *>;1 and 2ol. . $. B=?G also t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. . $.
;>=.
E!, O4 VOL. I.
Prnted b" B%LL%!TY!E1 -%!(O! & Co.
Ednb)r&+ & London
HUMAN
PERSONALITY
AND ITS SURVIVAL OF
BODILY DEATH
BY
FREDERIC W. H. MYERS
Cessas in vota precesque,
Tros, ait, Aenea, cessas? Neque enim ante dehiscent
Adtonit magna ora domus.VIRGIL.
Nay! quoth the Sybi, !Tro"an! #it thou spare
The impassioned e$$ort and the conquering prayer?
Nay! not save thus those doors sha open ro,%
That &o#er #ithin them burst upon the sou.
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. II
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK AND BOMBAY
1903
A rights reserved
+ii,vii-
SYLLABUSES
CHAPTER VII
PHANTASMS OF THE DEAD
*00 . 4ro' t+e actons and $erce$tons of s$rts stll n t+e fles+1 and
concerned 8t+ one anot+er1 8e ')st no8 $ass on to nE)r" nto t+e actons
of s$rts no lon&er n t+e fles+1 and nto t+e for's of $erce$ton 8t+ 8+c+
'en stll n t+e fles+ res$ond to t+s )nfa'lar a&enc".
*01 . T+ere +as been no clear consens)s of o$non as to t+e 3nd of
e2dence 8+c+ o)&+t to be de'anded f +)'an s)r22al s to be $ro2ed.
/" obDect s to 'a3e t+at e2dence at once clear n tself and contn)o)s
8t+ 3no8led&e alread" acE)red.
*0( . Consdern& n t+e frst $lace t+e 2a&)e ter' &+ost19 8e cannot
acce$t t+e $o$)lar noton of a &+ost as a deceased $erson $er'tted b"
Pro2dence to +old co'')ncaton 8t+ s)r22ors.9
*03 . 6+at 8e ')st rat+er loo3 for s a 'anfestaton of $ersstent
$ersonal ener&"19 contn)n& after t+e s+oc3 of deat+. ()c+ 'anfestatons
are not s$ecall" l3el" to corres$ond 8t+ t+e ro'ances of $o$)lar fanc".
*0+ . 6e o)&+t rat+er to loo3 for $ossble analo&es to s)c+ cases as 8e
alread" 3no8 8+ere co'')ncaton +as been effected bet8een 8del"
dfferent $+ases of $ersonalt"as bet8een 8a3ers and so'na'b)lsts1 &c.
*0, . %nd re2e8n& bot+ o)r e#$er'ents n a)to'ats' and o)r
s$ontaneo)s $+eno'ena1 8e fnd n eac+ &ro)$ t+ree 'an classes of
'essa&esna'el"1 sensor" +all)cnatons1 e'otonal and 'otor '$)lses1
defnte ntellect)al 'essa&es.
*0' . T+e sa'e t+ree classes 'eet )s a&an n o)r anal"ss of a$$arentl"
post,mortem co'')ncatons also.
*0* . Yet1 t+o)&+ 8t+ t+ese analo&es n o)r fa2o)r1 8e need a
so'e8+at close dsc)sson of t+e condtons 8+c+ a 2s)al or a)dtor"
$+antas' s bo)nd to f)lfl before t can be re&arded as ndcatn& primF
$acie t+e nfl)ence of a dscarnate 'nd. ()c+ a dsc)sson1 based 'anl" on
t+e t'eCrelaton bet8een t+e deat+ and t+e a$$arton1 s +ere E)oted fro'
Ed')nd G)rne".
*0) . 4)rt+er nE)r" nto t+e l'ts of $ossble atency n t+e
$erc$ent5s 'nd of an '$resson rece2ed fro' a stll l2n& a&ent.
*09 . Consderaton of s$ecal cases n 8+c+ a +all)cnaton occ)rrn&
s+ortl" after a deat+ alread" 3no8n '&+t $ossess e2dental 2aldt".
*10 . Cases of recurrence of a $+antas'1 frst abo)t t+e t'e of deat+
(t+e deat+ ben& )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent)1 and t+en decdedl" after t+e
deat+ +ad occ)rred.
+ii,viii-
*11 . Cases 8+ere t+e $+antas' frst occ)rs so'e +o)rs after deat+.
E#a'naton of t+e +"$ot+ess of latenc" n t+ese cases.
*1( . It 8ll be seen t+at 8e +a2e +ere no s'$le $roble' of t'eC
relatons bet8een deat+ and a$$arton. T+e &+ost s a f)ncton of t8o
2arablesJ t+e ncarnate s$rt5s senst2t"1 and t+e dscarnate s$rt5s
ca$act" of selfC'anfestaton. T+e atter of t+ese t8o factors affords t+e
easer 'et+od of arran&e'entG and 8e 'a" arran&e o)r a$$artonal
co'')ncatons n a descendn& seres1 fro' cases s+o8n& t+e f)llest
3no8led&e or $)r$ose to cases 8+ere t+e ndcaton of ntell&ence beco'es
feeblest.
*13 . 6e 'a" be&n 8t+ a case1 ano'alo)s and nonCe2dental1 8+c+
cla's to re$resent t+e s)bDect2e sensatons acco'$an"n& t+e transton
fro' eart+l" to s$rt)al lfe. *13 A . Case of ,r. 6ltse.
*1+ . Re$eated a$$artons ndcatn& contn)o)s 3no8led&e of t+e
affars of eart+ after t+e s$rt5s de$art)reG case of /r. /a'tc+tc+. *1+ A .
Case of /ss %de.
*1, . (n&le a$$artons ndcatn& 3no8led&e of so'e $ostC'orte'
fact1 s)c+ as $lace of b)ral1 &c.
*1' . ('lar a$$artons '$l"n& 3no8led&e of t+e affars of s)r22n&
frends. Cases ofJ *1' A . /rs. P. *1' B . /r. ,. *1' C . /rs. V.
*1* . Cases 8+ere a de$arted s$rt see's to s+o8 3no8led&e of t+e
'$endn& deat+ of a s)r22orG case of /r. G. Cases ofJ *1* A . /ss
Pearson. *1* B . /r. Rn&sb)r". *1* C . Ca$tan !orton.
*1) . Pea3 n ,aren9 casesG 8+ere a d"n& 'an $erce2es as s$rts
certan $ersons of 8+ose $re2o)s deat+ +e 8as not a8are. Cases ofJ *1) A .
Colonel . *1) B . Colonel -c3s.
*19 . Cases 8+ere de$arted s$rts 'anfest t+er 3no8led&e t+at so'e
frend 8+o s)r22ed t+e' +as $assed nto t+e s$rt 8orldG case of /ss
,odson. Cases ofJ *19 A . /rs. ('t+. *19 B . /rs. Pallser. *19 C . /ss
-a83nsC,e'$ster.
*(0 . Case of /rs. Bacc+)s1 n 8+c+ t+e a$$arton of a deceased
$erson s seen n t+e +o)se 8+ere t+e dead bod" of +s 8fe s l"n&.
*(1 . Cases 8+ere t+e deceased $erson 'anfests 3no8led&e of so'e
fact connected 8t+ +s o8n eart+Clfe1 es$ecall" +s deat+ and e2ents
connected t+ere8t+G case of /ss Conle".
*(( . Cases 8+ere t+e deceased $erson s+o8s 3no8led&e of +s $re2o)s
relatons 8t+ a s)r22or (case of Baron 2on ,resen)G or of ntentons not
f)lflled. Cases ofJ *(( A . /rs. !er". *(( B . ,r. Bnns.
*(3 . In t+e case of /rs. (tore1 $re2o)sl" &2en1 t+ere are ndcatons
of an ntell&ence ot+er t+an t+e decedent5s as concerned n t+e $resentaton
of +er co'$le# drea'.
*(+ . Cases 8+ere a compact to a$$ear1 f $ossble1 +ad been 'ade
before deat+G t+e co'$act t+)s for'n& a defnte fact 8+c+ t+e deceased
$erson re'e'bers. Possble 'ode n 8+c+ s)c+ a co'$act 'a" tend to
f)lfl tself.
*(, . Instances of s)c+ co'$acts 'ore or less $recsel" f)lflled. *(, A .
Case of Ca$tan Colt.
*(' . Case of /r. Ree2es1 n 8+c+ t+e deceased $erson5s '$)lse
see'ed to be t+e f)lfl'ent of an ''edate en&a&e'ent.
*(* . 4)rt+er cases of en&a&e'ent or co'$act f)lflled1 alt+o)&+ n a
de$ected fas+onG t+at s1 b" an a$$earance to so'e one ot+er t+an t+e +ii,
i0- s$ecal $erson to 8+o' t+e $ro'se 8as 'adeG case of Co)ntess
Ra$nst. Cases ofJ *(* A . /r. Bella'". *(* B . /ss /one".
*() . Persstence of effort on t+e $art of t+e deceased $erson (*() A .
Case of /r. Cabral)G and case 8+ere t+e a$$arton ndcates 3no8led&e of
t+e deceased $erson5s f)neral. *() B . Case of /rs. B.
*(9 . Cases 8+ere a 2son $resents to a s)r22or t+e as$ect of t+e
c+a'ber of deat+.
*30 . Cases 8+ere t+e condton of t+e deceased $erson5s bod" s t+)s
$resentedG case of /r. ,.
*31 . Cases 8+ere t+ere are s)ccess2e $+antas'al $ct)res of a deat+
and of t+e s)bseE)ent arran&e'ent of t+e bod". *31 A . Case of /ss -all.
*3( . ,sc)sson of a case $re2o)sl" &2en (/rs. Green5s) 8+ere t+ere
s a$$arentl" a 'n&led tele$at+c a&enc"1 $roceedn& bot+ fro' t+e
de$arted and fro' t+e l2n&1 and $resentn& t+e scene of deat+.
*33 . Cases 8+ere t+e de$arted s$rt see's $reocc)$ed 8t+ t+e s$ot
8+ere +s bones are lad. Cases ofJ *33 A . /ss %t3nson. *33 B . /r.
T"re.
*3+ . Case of /r. Tand"1 8+ere t+e de$arted s$rt see's to be a8are of
t+e arr2al at a frend5s +o)se of t+e ne8s of +s o8n deat+.
*3, . In so'e cases de$resson s felt b" t+e $erc$ent fro' t+e t'e of
+s frend5s deat+ )ntl t+e ne8s t+ereof reac+es +'G n ot+ers a +a$$"
2son $rel)des t+e ne8s. *3, A . Case of /r. Rn&.
*3' . 4)rt+er cases ndcatn& so'e 3no8led&e of t+s 3nd on t+e $art
of t+e de$arted s$rtG case of /ss X. Cases ofJ *3' A . /rs. ,a2es. *3' B
. /r. Ca'eron Grant. *3' C . /ss /.
*3* . %$$artons 8+c+ co'')ncate no defnte 'essa&e. T+ese 'a"
be s)bd2ded nto persona and oca, accordn& as t+e" a$$ear to be
ntended to '$ress s$ecal s)r22ors1 or1 on t+e ot+er +and1 see' 'ere
rec)rrences to acc)sto'ed +a)nts.
*3) . Cases 8+ere a s$rt)al $resence a$$ears to see3 o)t a s)r22n&
frend.
*39 . ('lar cases 8+ere t+e deceased $erson5s $+antas' a$$ears n
scenes )nfa'lar to +' 8+le on eart+. Cases ofJ *39 A . /r. Ellott. *39 B
. /rs. Clar3. *39 C . /r. Re)le'ans.
*+0 . Occasonal a$$earance of $+antas's of t+e dead (of all t"$es) to
se2eral $ersons collect2el". *+0 A . Case of /ss 6.
*+1 . Cases 8+ere t+e '$)lse $ro'$tn& to a$$earance 'a" +a2e been
at once $ersonal and localG case of /r. Letts. *+1 A . Case of /rs. Crans.
*+( . 4)rt+er cases of a$$earances to frends n fa'lar s)rro)ndn&sG
case of /. Gore Boot+. *+( A . Case of /rs. 7)dd.
*+3 . % $+antas'al 2oce &2n& t+e ne8s of deat+. *+3 A. Case of
(ster Bert+a.
*++ . Cases 8+ere t+e $+antas'al f&)re1 alt+o)&+ so'et'es
reco&nsed b" acE)antances n a fa'lar scene1 'a" be t+o)&+t to +a2e
obe"ed a local rat+er t+an a $ersonal attractonG case of /r. Bard. Cases ofJ
*++ A . /ss 4arE)+arson. *++ B . /r. 7.
*+, . %$$artons locall" condtoned1 or +a)ntn&s. Cases ofJ *+, A .
General Bec+er. *+, B . /rs. /. *+, C . /r. -)sbands. *+, D . /rs.
Cler3e.
*+' . ()c+ a$$artons 'a" $ossbl" be d)e to t+e res)lts of $ast 'ental
acton.
+ii,0-
*+* . P+antas'al so)nds1 nonCartc)late1 b)t ntell&ent1 a$$arentl"
ascrbable to t+e a&enc" of deceased $ersonsG case of /r. L. *+* A . Case of
/rs. -orne.
*+) . T+ese so)nds1 alt+o)&+ a$$arentl" analo&o)s to Polter&est
$+eno'ena1 rarel" a$$ear n connecton 8t+ t+e'.
*+9 . %$art1 +o8e2er1 bot+ fro' nartc)late so)nds and fro' Polter&est
$+eno'ena1 t+ere s ')c+ e2dence to haunting/to t+e fact1 t+at s1 t+at n
'an" +o)ses se2eral $ersons +a2e nde$endentl" seen $+antas'al f&)res
'ore or less rese'bln& eac+ ot+er. -"$ot+eses of nter$retaton1 s)&&ested
b" /rs. (d&8c3.
*,0 . In '" o8n 2e81 t+e $+antas' 'a" '$l" a local 'odfcaton1 not
of t+e 'ateral1 b)t of t+e 'etet+eral 8orld.
*,1 . %nd t+e a$$arent nfl)ence of certan houses n &eneratn&
a$$artons 'a" for' $art of t+e $roble' of retrocognition/of
$+eno'ena no8 occ)rrn& 8+c+ recall and n so'e )n3no8n 8a" de$end
)$on lon&C$ast e2entsG8+et+er as t+er seE)el or as t+er resd)e. Cases
ofJ *,1 A . /ss /orton. *,1 B . /ss (cott.
*,( . 6e +a2e reac+ed a $ont 8+ere o)r st)d" of sensor" a)to'ats's
t+er t'e concdences and t+er s&nfcant detals+as ta)&+t )s for t+e
$resent nearl" all t canG 8+le 8e cra2e for so'e 'ore $otent 'et+od of
anal"ss1 so'e 8der feld of nd)cton1 f 8e are to 'eet t+e no2el
$roble's 8+c+ arse on e2er" sde. ()c+ 8der feld s offered to )s b" t+e
st)d" of motor automatisms, to 8+c+ 8e ')st $roceed n t+e ne#t c+a$ter.
*,3 . One lesson of +&+ '$ortance rses so 'anfestl" fro' t+e
e2dence alread" st)ded t+at t calls for 'enton +ere. T+at 8orldCold
conce$ton of E2l ($rts1 of 'ale2olent Po8ers1 8+c+ +as been t+e bass
of so ')c+ ca)seless fear1 'elts fro' t+e 'nd alto&et+er as 8e st)d" t+e
act)al facts.
*,+ . Ot+er et+cal ndcatons1 of loft" and at t+e sa'e t'e
e2ol)tonar" t"$e1 occ)r ncdentall" n t+e co)rse of o)r nde$endent
de'onstraton of t+e $rofo)ndest cos'cal t+ess 8+c+ 8e can conce2e as
s)sce$tble of scentfc $roof.
*,, . %$$eal for f)rt+er collaboraton n t+s absol)tel" necessar" E)est.
CHAPTER VIII
MOTOR AUTOMATISM
)00 . T+e lnes of e2dence follo8ed n $re2o)s c+a$ters1 and +ere
brefl" reca$t)lated1 are n t+e'sel2es s)ffcent to D)stf" t+e reader n
$ro2sonal acce$tance of '" $r'ar" t+essna'el"1 t+at t+e anal"ss of
'an5s $ersonalt" re2eals +' as a s$rt1 s)r22n& bodl" deat+. T+s $ont
+as been reac+ed b" t+e dsc)sson of $+eno'ena1 s)c+ as drea's and
&+osts1 alread" 2a&)el" fa'lar to t+e $o$)lar 'nd.
)01 . T+ere are stll1 +o8e2er1 $+eno'enaless fa'lar to t+e ordnar"
reader8+c+ a8at dsc)sson1 and 8+c+ 8ll add &reatl" to t+e e2dence
for +ii,0i- '" central contenton. Pro'nent a'on& t+ese are motor
automatisms/ and t s '$ortant to )nderstand 8+c+ of s)c+ a)to'ats's
(after ds'ssn& 'orbd 2aretes) I retan +ere for dsc)sson as e2ol)t2e
$+eno'ena.
)0( . Before ans8ern& t+s E)eston n detal1 8e ')st realse t+e
$rel'nar" t+eore' t+at t 'a" be e#$ected t+at s)$ernor'al 2tal
$+eno'ena 8ll 'anfest t+e'sel2es as far as $ossble t+ro)&+ t+e sa'e
c+annels as abnor'al or 'orbd 2tal $+eno'ena.
)03 . To dstn&)s+ bet8een t+e de2elo$'ental and t+e de&enerat2e 8e
')st st)d" eac+ $s"c+cal $+eno'enon n t)rnG consdern& 8+et+er t
ndcates 'ere n+bton1 'ere $ert)rbatonGor 8+et+er t+e n+bton
n2ol2es latent d"na'o&en"1 and t+e $ert)rbaton 'as3s e2ol)ton.
)0+ . %)to'atc 'o2e'ents 'a" be scentfcall" 'ore '$ortant t+an
consco)s 'o2e'entsG n fact1 t+e" lead )$ to t+ose tranceC)tterances 8+c+
for' n '" 2e8 o)r 'ost ad2anced $+eno'ena.
)0, . 6e 'a" be&n b" $ontn& o)t certan 'an c+aracters 8+c+ )nte
n a tr)e class all t+e a)to'ats's 8+c+ 8e are +ere consdern&. T+e" are
idiognomonic and nunciative.
)0' . E#a'$le of s'$le for' of n)ncat2e a)to'ats' n ')scleC
readn&. T+e )nconsco)s tre'or re2eals bot+ '" t+o)&+t and '" 'e'or".
)0* . Case of n)ncat2e or 'essa&eCbearn& a)to'ats' n 8ords
8rtten n obedence to $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston.
)0) . Ill)straton fro' t+e d"na'o'eter of a)to'atc transfor'aton of
8ll nto 'oton.
)09 . ('$le 'otor e#ternalsaton of s)bl'nal t+o)&+t n tableCtltn&.
)10 . T+e a)to'atst no do)bt )nconsco)sl" sets &on& and sto$s s)c+
'o2e'entsG b)t t+e 8ord 8+c+ s t+)s s$elt o)t s b" no 'eans al8a"s
8+at +e 8s+ed or e#$ected. Ot+er ndcatons t+at t+e tlts are s)bl'nall"
controlled.
)11 . % 'ore elaborate for' of a)to'atc &est)re ns$res 8+at are
called s$rtCdra8n&s.9 )11 A . /r. 6l3nson on s$rtCdra8n&s.
)1( . Before entern& on t+e '$endn& s)bDect of a)to'atc 8rtn&1 I
nterr)$t '" e#$oston to ntrod)ce t8o +storcal cases of a)to'ats'1
one of t+e' n+btor"1 one d"na'o&enc18+c+ add to '" s)bDect t+e
d&nt" of t+e &reat na'es of (ocrates and 7oan of %rc. T+e a)to'ats's of
(ocrates are no8 ca$able of co+erent e#$lanaton.
)13 . T+e 'ontons of t+e ,F'on of (ocrates conssted 'anl" n
sa&aco)s n+btons.
)1+ . T+ere s also so'e sl&+t ndcaton of (ocratc tele$at+"1
clar2o"ance1 ecstas".
)1, . 7oan of %rc an e#a'$le of 'ontor" impuse/ +er 2oces (not
al8a"s clearl" e#ternalsed) '$el +er rresstbl" to t+e noblest don&s. )1,
A . /r. %. Lan& on 7oan of %rc.
)1' . T+ese t8o &reat +storcal cases ll)strate t+e f)rt+est e#tent of t+e
cla' t+at can be 'ade for t+e a&enc" of t+e s)bl'nal self n s'lar
a)to'ats'sGa$art fro' tele$at+" or $ossesson.
)1* . T+e" la)nc+ )s on o)r s)bDect 8t+ t+e consco)sness of t8o
dffc)ltes. 6e +a2e to decde for eac+ casefrst1 8+et+er 8e are to call t
sensor" or 'otorG t+en1 8+et+er 8e are to attrb)te ts or&naton to t+e
a)to'atst5s or to so'e ot+er 'nd. It s antecedentl" l3el" t+at t+e
s)bl'nal self 8ll so'et'es e#$ress ts 'essa&es n ter's (so to sa") of
$rofo)nd +ii,0ii- or&anc 'odfcatons. Cases ofJ )1* A . ,r. !. )1* B and
C. /rs. -adselle. )1* D . Lad" de Vesc.
)1) . T+e n+btor" '$)lses 'a" so'et'es relate to e#ceedn&l"
tr2al 'atters. Cases ofJ )1) A . /rs. Verrall. )1) B . /rs. Ellott.
)19 . Or a s)dden n+bton 'a" be co'bned 8t+ a corres$ondn&
'$)lseG case of ,r. -od&son fndn& f2eClea2ed clo2er. )19 A . Case of
,r. G)eb+ard fndn& bfd fern.
)(0 . (o'et'es t+e '$)lse 'a" conce2abl" be e#$laned b" a
s)bconsco)s $erce$ton or nter$retaton.Case of /r. 6"'an.
)(1 . % s'lar case 8+ere t+e sense of s'ell 'a" +a2e $la"ed a $art.
Case of /r. C. 6. /oses. )(1 A . Case of /rs. Gra".
)(( . %not+er case1 $ossbl" d)e to s'ell or sense of 2ar"n& resstance
n t+e ar./r. 6at.
)(3 . % s'lar case1 $er+a$s attrb)table to e#cess2e tactle sensblt".
/r. 6.
)(+ . % case of n+bton 8+c+ see's be"ond e#$lanaton b"
+"$erFst+esa1 and s)&&ests telFst+esa or s$rt &)ardans+$.,r.
Parsons.
)(, . 6e ne#t co'e to cases n2ol2n& 'ass2e 'otor '$)lses to
2aro)s actons. Case of /r. Garrson. )(, A . Case of /r. (3r2n&.
)(' . Innate $reds$oston to 'otor a)to'ats's of 2aro)s 3nds.
(c+e'e of ncreasn&l" s$ecalsed 'otor $+eno'ena. Rse of a)to'atc
8rtn&.Ed')nd G)rne" and 6. (tanton /oses. /" o8n e#$erence.
)(* . %)to'atc 8rtn& a 'ode of e#$er'ent +ar'less n tself.
)() . Classfcaton of contents of 'essa&es.
)(9 . /ost a)to'atc scr$t or&nates n t+e a)to'atst5s o8n bran.
/r. -. %. ('t+5s cases.
)30 . Reference to ana&ra's n t+e Clela9 case. )30 A. T+e Clela9
case.
)31 . Case of Professor (d&8c35s frend.
)3( . /r. (c+ller5s case . )3( A /Ga$$earance of fctto)s
$ersonaltes1 alt+o)&+ net+er n2ted nor credted b" t+e a)to'atst. )3( B
. Case of (Q)r 7eanne.
)33 . Case of /ada'e 0. %n )n)s)al co'bnaton of 2aro)s 'otor
a)to'ats's.
)3+ . T+e cases D)st descrbed lead )$ to Professor 4lo)rno"5s case of
-UlPne ('t+.9
)3, . /lle. ('t+ an e#a'$le of contn)o)s and co'$le# s)bl'nal
'entaton &on& on n a $erfectl" +ealt+" and nor'al or&ans'.
)3' . -er alle&ed rencarnatons.
)3* . T+e /artan lan&)a&e.
)3) . Re2erson to $re2o)s e$oc+s of lfe.
)39 . Possble s$ort of s$rts.
)+0 . /lle. ('t+5s teleolo&cal9 a)to'ats's.
)+1 . Indcatons of s)$ernor'al fac)lt".
)+( . Possble tele$at+" fro' t+e dead. T+e C+essenaN case.
)+3 . 6e no8 $ass on to cases of $+eno'ena ')c+ 'ore clearl"
s)$ernor'al. tele$at+" obtaned t+ro)&+ tableCtltn&. Cases ofJ )+3 A .
Professor Rc+et. )+3 B . /r. G. /. ('t+.
)++ . I &2e ne#t cases of a)to'atc 8rtn&1 t+e frst of 8+c+ (/rs.
/oberle"5s) s+o8s ndcatons of tele$at+".
+ii,0iii-
)+, . tele$at+c cases s')latn& $ro$+ec"G e.g., t+at of /ss
()''erbell.
)+' . %ns8ers to E)estons 8rtten correctl"1 alt+o)&+ not as t+e a&ent
s)$ral'nall" ntendedG case of /r. %llbr&+t.
)+* . %not+er tele$at+c case1 n2ol2n& t+e a&ent5s s)bl'nal t+o)&+ts.
/r. Rddell.
)+) . O)r 'ost str3n& case s a lon& seres of tele$at+c
co'')ncatons bet8een /r. and /rs. !e8n+a'.
)+9 . /rs. !e8n+a' 8rtes a)to'atcall" ans8ers to )ns$o3en
E)estons b" /r. !e8n+a'. )+9 A . Case of /rs. !e8n+a'.
),0 . % s'lar b)t s+orter seres s &2en n t+e ne#t %$$end#. ),0 A .
Case of /r. B)tte'er.
),1 . T+e ne#t case s+o8s occasonal tele$at+"1 'n&led 8t+ fra&'ents
of a$$arent clar2o"ance and $re'onton. ),1 A . Case of Lad" /abel
-o8ard.
),( . % case of co'')ncaton t+ro)&+ tableCtltn& fro' a dstant
a&ent./rs. Rrb". ),( A . Case of /. %)&)eNG$redcton of deat+. ),(
B . (&nor Bonatt5s a)to'atc 8rtn&G tele$at+" fro' a dstant l2n& a&ent.
),3 . Transtonal casesGnfor'aton $)r$ortn& to co'e fro'
deceased $ersons1 b)t 'ore $robabl" der2ed tele$at+call" fro' t+e l2n&G
case of /r. Le8s.
),+ . /essa&e $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' a deceased $erson 8+o 8as
fo)nd to be l2n&G case of /r. Lon&.
),, . Case of a)to'atc 8rtn& re$rod)cn& e#$er'entall" t+e t+o)&+ts
of t+e $ersons $resent.
),' . (tate'ent t+ro)&+ tableCtltn& of ncdent occ)rrn& at t+e t'e n
a ne&+bo)rn& +o)se.Professor %le#ander5s case.
),* . tele$at+" 'a" $rod)ce erroneo)s state'ents t+ro)&+ t+e a&ent5s
t+o)&+ts ben& re$rod)ced as 'atters of fact. ),* A . Case of Professor -.
),) . ,r. Er'acora5s e#$er'ents 8t+ a senst2e1/ara /anNn. ),)
A. -er a)to'atc 8rtn& &2es t+e contents of a letter 8+c+ reac+ed +er
ne#t 'ornn&.
),9 . T+e nfor'aton 'a" be der2ed fro' dscarnate s$rtst+o)&+
not necessarl" fro' t+ose alle&ed n t+e co'')ncatons. T+e
co'')ncators 'a" delberatel" 2el t+er dentt"1 and 'a" also +a2e
access to so)rces of 3no8led&e re'ote e2en to t+e'sel2es. ),9 A . T+ese
$roble's are e#e'$lfed n t+e a)to'atc 8rtn&s of /ss %.
)'0 . In t+ese and ot+er retroco&nt2e cases1 t s dffc)lt to decde
bet8een t+e +"$ot+eses of cr"$to'nesa9 and s$rtCcontrol.
)'1 . /r. 6ed&8ood5s e#$er'ents 8t+ /rs. R.Gcase of
co'')ncatons $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' Colonel G)r8ood (8+o ded n
*A<?).
)'( . %not+er retroco&nt2e case of t+e sa'e 3nd t+ro)&+ /rs. R.1
na'el"J )'( A . T+e ,a2d Branerd9 case.
)'3 . B)t retroco&nt2e 'essa&es referrn& to 'atters easl" accessble
n $rnt (e.g. /r. /oses5 case of ')scal co'$osers1 &2n& dates of t+er
l2es)1 e2en f &en)ne1 'a" be attrb)ted to clar2o"ance on t+e $art of t+e
a)to'atst.
)'+ . % rese'blance of t+e +and8rtn& to t+at of t+e deceased $erson s
so'et'es alle&ed1 b)t ')st be rece2ed 8t+ ca)ton. )'+ A . Professor
RossCPa&non5s e#$er'ents at Pesaro.
)', . %not+er case of alle&ed rese'blances of +and8rtn&1 8+c+ also
ll)strates t+e s$ontaneo)s rec)rrence of t+e sa'e $roble's 8t+
a)to'atsts of 'an" dfferent t"$es1 na'el"J )', A . Case of /rs.
:nder8ood.
+ii,0iv-
)'' . Cases 8+ere t+e 8rtn& anno)nces a deat+ )n3no8n to t+e
$ersons $resentGnstance re$orted b" ,r. LUbea)lt.
)'* . In anot+er case1 $artall" correct detals abo)t t+e deat+ are added.
)'* A . Case of /dlle. (tra''.
)') . (o'et'es tele3netc $+eno'ena see' to be assocated 8t+ t+e
anno)nce'ent of a deat+. )') A . T+e PUrUl&)ne case. )') B . Case of /r.
4. -od&son. )') C . Ref. to 6oodd 3noc3n&s.9
)'9 . Cases 8+ere correct detals )n3no8n to t+e a)to'atst are &2en
re&ardn& a deat+ 8+c+ s 3no8n to +'. )'9 A . Case of /rs. 4tN&erald.
)'9 B . T+e (3r"tn3off case.
)*0 . % co'')ncaton corres$ondn&1 not to t+e 3no8led&e of t+e
stters1 b)t to 8+at 8as 3no8n to t+e alle&ed co'')ncator before deat+.
)*0 A . Case of (&nor Ca2all.
)*1 . %)to'atc 8rtn& b" a c+ld1 s+o8n& fac)ltes s)$eror to t+ose
s+e nor'all" $ossessed1 8t+ so'e 8rtn& n lan&)a&es )n3no8n to +er.
)*1 A . /r. 7)nor Bro8ne5s case.
)*( . 6rtn& b" a "o)n& c+ld 8+o +ad no 3no8led&e of +er letters. )*(
A . /r. -e'$stead5s case.
)*3 . % seres of 8rtn&s b" /r. 6.1 8t+ ndcatons of s)bl'nal
telFst+esa1 and tele$at+" bot+ fro' t+e l2n& and fro' t+e dead. )*3 A .
%not+er e#$erence of /r. 6.5s.
)*+ . % $redcton &2en t+ro)&+ tableCtltn& of t+e $recse date of a
deat+. )*+ A . ,r. ()ddc35s case.
)*, . E#a'$le $ontn& to contn)ed terrene 3no8led&e on t+e $art of a
deceased $ersonG case of /rs. 2on 6eseler.
)*' . % test 'essa&e $lanned before deat+ and co'')ncated
after8ardsG case of /rs. 4nne". )*' A . Case of Prnce E'le 6tt&enstenG
'essa&e abo)t 'ssn& 8ll. )*' B . ,r. Rnorr5s caseG 'essa&e abo)t
'ssn& note.
)** . ,esrablt" of $lannn& before+and co'')ncatons to be 'ade
after deat+ as a test of $ersonal dentt". )** A . !ote on $ost+)'o)s letters.
)*) . T+e e2dence as to 'otor $+eno'ena +ere set fort+ confr's and
e#tends t+e conce$tons to 8+c+ t+e co&nate sensor" $+eno'ena $ontedG
t+e e#$anson of nor'al leadn& on to t+e de2elo$'ent of s)$ernor'al
fac)ltes. T+e 'otor $+eno'ena s)&&est 'ore stron&l" t+an t+e sensor" t+e
+"$ot+ess of $s"c+cal n2ason19 8+c+1 f s)ffcentl" $rolon&ed1
beco'es a $ersstent control9 or $ossesson.9
)*9 . 6+en t+e s)bl'nal self s affected b" a tele$at+c '$act 8+c+
8or3s tself o)t b" a)to'atc 'o2e'ents1 t beco'es a E)eston 8+et+er t+e
'o2e'ents are e#ec)ted b" t+e s)bl'nal self or b" t+e e#ternal a&ent.
))0 . T+s leads )s on to t+e $roble' to be dsc)ssed n t+e ne#t c+a$terG
n 8+at 8a"s 'a" t8o s$rts coCo$erate n t+e $ossesson and control of
t+e sa'e or&ans'W
CHAPTER IX
TRANCE, POSSESSION, AND ECSTASY
900 . Possesson 'a" be defned as a de2elo$'ent of /otor
%)to'ats'1 res)ltn& at last n a substitution of $ersonalt"G t+ere +as
recentl" been a &reat ad2ance n t+e e2dence for t+s t+eor".
+ii,0v-
901 . 4)rt+er1 t co+eres 8t+ 'odern notons of $ersonalt"1of t+e
control of or&ans' b" s$rt. It '$les t+at t+e s$rt of t+e entranced
a)to'atst $artall" E)ts +s or&ans'1 and allo8s an n2adn& s$rt to
occ)$" and )se t.
90( . T+e conce$tons'lar as t s to $r't2e belefs8ll be
fo)nd to coCordnate and e#$lan 'an" of o)r earler &ro)$s of $+eno'ena.
903 . 4rst1 t+e alternatn& )se of branCcentres b" alternate $ersonaltes
see's to for' a ln3 n t+e seres 8+c+ ends n $ossesson.
90+ . Gen)s s)&&ests a $ossesson of t+e branCcentres b" t+e s)bl'nal
self.
90, . In slee$ t a$$ears t+at t+e s$rt 'a" so'et'es tra2el a8a" fro'
t+e bod" and $erce2e dstant scenes clar2o"antl".
90' . In t+e +"$notc trance or n s$ontaneo)s so'na'b)ls'1 8e often
fnd a E)asC$ersonalt" occ)$"n& t+e or&ans'1 8+le t+e senst2e5s o8n
s$rt often cla's to +a2e been absent else8+ere1 and so'et'es e#+bts
real clar2o"ant $o8er. tele$at+c nterco)rse1 f carred far eno)&+1
corres$onds to $ossesson or to ecstas".
90* . In tele$at+" 8e enco)nter an nfl)ence 8+c+ s)&&ests an
ntell&ent and res$ons2e e#ternal $resence1 and tele$at+" bet8een t+e
l2n& leads on to tele$at+" fro' t+e deadG 8+c+ '$les t+at t+e
co'')ncaton does not de$end on 2bratons fro' a 'ateral bran.
90) . 6+en 'otor a)to'ats' de2elo$s nto $ossesson1 t+ere s
a$$arentl" no co'')ncaton bet8een t+e dscarnate 'nd and t+e mind of
t+e a)to'atst1 b)t rat+er 8t+ t+e latter5s bran.
909 . E2en n ordnar" cases of tele$at+"1 t+e $erc$ent5s bran 'a"
so'et'es be nfl)enced b" +s o8n 'nd1 and so'et'es drectl" b" t+e
a&ent5sG n t+e latter case1 t+e nfl)ence 'a" be ter'ed teergic. Verdcal
a$$artons also s+o8 traces of t+e s$rt)al and t+e $+"scal ele'ents
'n&ln& n 2aro)s de&rees as 8e $ass fro' clar2o"ant 2sons to
collect2e a$$artons.
910 . T+e sa'e sta&es are to be seen n t+e case of a$$artons of t+e
deadleadn& )$ to co'$lete $ossesson of t+e a)to'atst5s bran b" an
e#traneo)s s$rt.
911 . Possesson b" s$rts s dffc)lt to dstn&)s+ fro' cases of
secondar" $ersonalt"1 8+ere t+e or&ans' s controlled b" anot+er
s"nt+ess of ts o8n s$rt. 6e ')st not ascrbe to s$rtCcontrol cases 8+ere
no ne8 3no8led&e s s+o8n n t+e trance state.
91( . In re$)ted sa2a&e cases of $ossesson1 t+e +ostlt" of t+e control
to t+e a)to'atst s no $roof of ts ben& ot+er t+an a secondar" $ersonalt".
91( A . ,r. !e2)s on de'on $ossesson n C+na.
913 . It s so'et'es cla'ed t+at t+ese controls s+o8 s)$ernor'al
3no8led&e1 b)t t+e cases recorded 'a" &enerall" be e#$laned b"
+e&+tened 'e'or"1 8t+ $ossble traces of tele$at+". In cases 8+ere t+ere
s &ood e2dence of s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e1 t+e controls +a2e al8a"s been
bot+ +)'an and frendl".
91+ . 6e s+o)ld e#$ect s$rtCcontrol to be s)bDect to t+e sa'e l'ts
t+at 8e fnd n controls b" secondar" $ersonaltesG e.g. t+e e#ternal s$rt s
not l3el" to be able to $rod)ce )tterance n a lan&)a&e )n3no8n to t+e
a)to'atst.
91, . In bot+ cases1 and also n drea's1 'e'or" see's to fal and
c+an&e n a ca$rco)s 8a".
91' . %&an1 t s +ard to &et nto contn)o)s colloE)" 8t+ a
so'na'b)lst1 +ii,0vi- 8+o &enerall" follo8s +s o8n tran of deas1 and
s'lar dffc)ltes see' to occ)r n con2ersn& 8t+ s$rtCcontrols.
91* . O)r e#$ectatons 8ll t+)s be 2er" dfferent fro' t+e
co''on$lace or e2en t+e $oetc noton of 8+at co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e
dead s l3el" to be.
91) . T+e act)al $+eno'ena fal to co'$l" et+er 8t+ t+e ort+odo# or
tradtonal lne of e#$ectaton1 or 8t+ ro'antc antc$atons1 or 8t+ t+e
noton t+at t+e" s+o)ld s)bser2e so'e $ractcal $)r$ose.
919 . T+e $roble's of $ossesson1 on t+e ot+er +and1 for' t+e nat)ral
seE)ence of o)r earler $roble'sG t+e actons of t+e $ossessed or&ans'
s+o8 t+e f)rt+est sta&e of 'otor a)to'ats'G t+e nc)rson of t+e $ossessn&
s$rt s t+e co'$letest for' of tele$at+c n2ason.
9(0 . 6e ')st no8 brefl" consder t+e relaton of s$rt)al nfl)ences to
t+e 8orld of 'atter. In so'e teler&c cases1 t a$$ears t+at t+e a&ent5s s$rt
acts drectl" on t+e $erc$ent5s bran.
9(1 . In cases of $ossesson1 t s $ossble t+at t+e controlln& s$rt 'a"
'$el t+e or&ans' to 'ore forcble 'o2e'ents t+an ts )s)al ones.
9(( . It 'a" also be able to )se t+e or&ans' 'ore s3lf)ll" and e't
fro' t an ener&" 8+c+ can 'o2e obDects not n contact 8t+ tG t+s
$+eno'enon s ter'ed b" %3sa3off teeBinesis.
9(3 . T+e nterest e#cted n t+e ordnar" $)blc b" t+e $+"scal
$+eno'ena of s$rt)als'19 or tele3ness1 +as1 as s 8ell 3no8n1 fostered
')c+ fra)d1 to e#$ose and &)ard a&anst 8+c+ +as been one of t+e 'an
tas3s of t+e (.P.R. 9(3 A . References to e#$os)res of /ada'e Bla2ats3".
9(3 B . References to e#$os)res of ot+er s$rt)alstc fra)ds.
9(+ . In t+s 8or31 tele3ness s onl" dealt 8t+ 8+ere t a$$ears as an
ele'ent n s$rtC$ossesson1 es$ecall" n t+e cases of ,. ,. -o'e and
(tanton /oses.
9(, . Tele3ness 'a" be&n as a for' of a)to'ats'1 ntated b" t+e
s)bl'nal self1 and t+ere 'a" occasonall"1 t+o)&+ not $ro2abl"1 be an
ele'ent of t n tableCtltn& or a)to'atc 8rtn&. T+s 'a" de2elo$ nto
ra$s or nto 'o2e'ents of dstant obDects. 9(, A . Case of /r. Va)&+an.
9(' . T+e r&+t co'$re+enson of tele3netc $+eno'ena ')st de$end
on a 3no8led&e &reater t+an 8e at $resent $ossess of t+e relatons bet8een
'atter and et+er. % tentat2e s3etc+ of 8+at 'a" be done b" f)t)re nE)res
s &2en n a (c+e'e of Vtal 4ac)lt"9 . 9(' A /. 9(' B . References to
acco)nts of tele3netc cases.
9(* . ($oradc cases of ecstas" or $ossesson see' not nfreE)ent n
so'e $r2ate crcles. 9(* A . /r. O.5s case. Cases ofJ 9(* B . /ss 6+teG
9(* C . /ss Lotte 4o8ler.
9() . %ll s)c+ cases are dffc)lt to classf" $recsel"1 b)t t+e 'ore
de2elo$ed for's of $ossesson t+ro8 l&+t on t+e 'ore r)d'entar" ones.
9(9 . T+e 'ost r)d'entar" for' see's to be a 'o'entar" $ossesson
b" t+e s)bl'nal selfJ e.g. case of /rs. L)t+er.
930 . Or t+ere 'a" be a bref $s"c+cal e#c)rson n 8+c+ so'e
3no8led&e s &aned and )ttered a)to'atcall" b" t+e s)bl'nal selfJ e.g.
case of Professor T+o)let.
931 . T+e ne#t caset+at of /r. Goodalls)&&ests a 3nd of tele$at+c
con2ersaton bet8een t+e s)bl'nal self1 controlln& t+e )tterance of t+e
slee$er1 and so'e $er+a$s dscarnate s$rt.
93( . T+e ne#t/r. 6l3e5ss a 'nat)re case of $ossesson.
+ii,0vii-
933 . T+ese cases ll)strate t+e de2elo$'ent of t+e nc$ent sta&es of
trance nto ecstas" or $ossesson1 t+e control n dfferent cases ben& b" t+e
ncarnate or b" t+e dscarnate s$rt1 or b" a co'bnaton of t+e t8o.
93+ . In one for' of trance t+e a)to'atst s co'$letel" controlled b"
+s o8n s)bl'nal self or ncarnate s$rtG e.g. 93+ A . case of /r. (anders.
93, . In t+e fa'o)s case of (8edenbor&1 on t+e ot+er +and1 drect
nterco)rse d)rn& ecstas" 8t+ dscarnate s$rts 8as cla'ed.
93' . (8edenbor&5s $ersonal e#$erences are n accord 8t+ t+ose
descrbeda$$arentl" nde$endentl"b" ot+er senst2es snce +s t'eG
on t+e ot+er +and1 +s do&'atc 8rtn&s +a2e been dscredted b" later
3no8led&e. 93' A . Rant on (8edenbor&. 93' B . T+e (eeress of Pre2orst.
93' C . Case of /r. (3lton.
93* . Ca+a&net5s s)bDect1 %dPle /a&not1 8as also a$$arentl"1 8+en n
trance1 controlled b" +er o8n s)bl'nal self. 93* A . /r. Pod'ore5s
acco)nt of t+s case.
93) . In t+e case of ,. ,. -o'e tele3netc $+eno'ena are alle&ed1 as
8ell as trance 'anfestatons. 93) A . References to nfor'aton abo)t
-o'e. 93) B . Re2e8 of /'e. -o'e5s .i$e of -o'e.
939 . -o'e5s trances 2ared a &ood deal on dfferent occasons.
9+0 . Co'$arson of t+e tranceC'anfestatons of -o'e 8t+ t+ose of
/oses and of /rs. P$er.
9+1 . In t+e case of /oses1 as n t+at of -o'e1 t+e tele3netc
$+eno'ena for'ed an nte&ral $art of t+e &eneral 'anfestatons1 b)t 8ere
re&arded b" +' as 'erel" s)bsdar" to t+e rel&o)s teac+n&s of +s
controls.9
9+( . T+s et+cal $reocc)$aton 8as nat)ral to +s c+aracter and t'e.
9+3 . -s relaton to t+e (.P.R. 9+3 A . References to $rnted records of
+s $+eno'ena1 and bo&ra$+".
9++ . T+e t8o seres of $+eno'ena$+"scal and trance8ere
nt'atel" connected n +s case1 and $)r$orted to be $rod)ced b" t+e sa'e
alle&ed dscarnate s$rts.
9+, . T+ese belon&ed to t+ree classesJ 5a6 $ersons recentl" deadG 5b6
dstn&)s+ed $ersons of $ast &eneratonsG 5c6 'ore dstn&)s+ed and 'ore
re'ote $ersons1 8+o called t+e'sel2es b" $se)don"'s1 e.g. I'$erator.9
9+' . General acco)nt of /oses5 a)to'atc 8rtn&s. 9+' A . -s
descr$ton of t+e $rocess of 8rtn&.
9+* . T+e e2dence for t+e dentt" of t+e re'ote s$rts s 2er" d)bo)s.
9+* A . Case of Rector5s co$"n& fro' a closed boo3.
9+) . Possble e#$lanaton of so'e of t+e cases b" s)bl'nal
obser2aton and 'e'or". 9+) A . Cases fro' ($rt Identt".9 9+) B .
Ot+er cases of 2erdcal co'')ncatons.
9+9 . Case of Blanc+e %bercro'b"19 n 8+c+ a recent deat+
)n3no8n nor'all" to /oses8as anno)nced b" +s a)to'atc 8rtn&1
so'e of 8+c+ 8as alle&ed to +a2e a close rese'blance to +ers.
9,0 . ,sc)sson of t+e $ossble or alle&ed f)nctons of t+e re'ote
controls.
9,1 . Classfcaton of 'essa&es accordn& to t+er e2dental E)alt".
9,( . In so'e of /oses5 cases1 t+e 'essa&es 8ere acco'$aned b"
a$$artons or b" tele3netc $+eno'ena.
9,3 . In t+e case of /rs. P$er1 t+e 2erbal 'essa&es fro' $ersons
recentl" dead are of ')c+ &reater e2dental 2al)eG s+e s also alle&ed to be
controlled b" t+e I'$erator9 &ro)$.
+ii,0viii-
9,+ . -er case dffers fro' t+ose of -o'e and /oses n $resentn& no
tele3netc $+eno'ena1 and n t+e fact t+at s+e s+o8s no s)$ernor'al
$o8ers e#ce$t 8+en n trance.
9,, . Bref +stor" of t+e case.
9,' . T+e +"$ot+ess of fra)d. 9,' A . Re$ort b" Professor 7a'es. 9,' B
. Re$ort b" t+e $resent 8rter.
9,* . ,sc)sson of t+e $ersonalt" of P+n)t.9 9,* A . ,escr$ton b"
Professor Lod&e.
9,) . ,)rn& t+e do'nance of t+e P+n)t9 control1 t+e e2dence for
t+e $ersonal dentt" of t+e alle&ed co'')ncators 8as &enerall" sl&+t.
9,9 . In t+e ne#t sta&et+at of t+e G. P.9 controlt+e e2dence
&reatl" '$ro2ed. 9,9 A . /r. -art5s sttn&. 9,9 B . /r. and /rs. -o8ard5s
sttn&. 9,9 C . Co'')ncatons fro' /r. -art.
9'0 . Instance of correct nfor'aton1 )n3no8n to t+e stter1 ben& &2en.
9'0 A . Co'')ncatons fro' Elsa /annors.
9'1 . Case of atte'$t to 8rte -a8aanJ /r1 Br&&s5 sttn&.
9'( . Co'')ncatons fro' "o)n& c+ldrenJ /rs. ()tton5s sttn&. 9'( A
. ,r. and /rs. T+a85s sttn&s.
9'3 . T+e dscarnate s$rts see' occasonall" to 'anfest $o8ers of
retroco&nt2e telFst+esa and of $reco&nton. 9'3 A . Predctons &2en
t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er.
9'+ . In t+e last sta&es of /rs. P$er5s trance 'anfestatons1 t+e c+ef
controls $)r$ort to be t+ose of /r. /osest+e I'$erator &ro)$b)t t+ere
s no $roof so far of t+er dentt".
9', . Trance co'')ncatons fro' dscarnate s$rts ')st be nfl)enced
bot+ b" t+e s)bl'nal self and b" t+e or&ans' of t+e 'ed)'1 and $er+a$s
'a" be '$ared b" l'tatons n t+e $o8ers of t+e s$rts.
9'' . Possesson a$$ears to +a2e no nD)ro)s effect on t+e 'ed)'1 b)t
rat+er t+e re2erse.
9'* . Co'n& to t+e $art $la"ed b" t+e s$rt1 t see's as far re'o2ed
fro' 'odern $+loso$+cal as fro' ancent sa2a&e conce$tons.
9') . T+e $ersonal dentt" of a s$rt ')st connote 'e'or" and
c+aracter.
9'9 . T+e co'')ncatons ndcate so'e co&nsance of s$ace and t'e1
and so'e 3no8led&e bot+ of t+e t+o)&+ts and e'otons of s)r22ors and of
'ateral facts.
9*0 . Consderaton of t+e $ossble dffc)ltes of co'')ncatn& on t+e
$art of t+e co'')ncators.
9*1 . T+e" are s)c+ as '&+t be nferred fro' t+e analo&es bet8een
$ossesson and alternatn& $ersonaltes1 drea's1 and so'na'b)ls'.
9*( . T+e relatons bet8een 'nd and bran 'a" be el)cdated b" t+e
dffc)ltes s+o8n b" t+e s$rt n )sn& t+e 'ed)'5s bran.
9*3 . T+e s$rts so'et'es a$$ear 'ore ea&er to co'')ncate t+an t+e
stters are to rece2e co'')ncatons.
9*+ . Concl)sons 8+c+ 'a" be dra8n fro' t+e $+eno'ena recorded.
9*, . One obstacle to o)r nE)r" +as been t+e a$$arent 8ant of d&nt"
n t+s 'ode of acE)rn& 3no8led&eG b)t t+e a$$arentl" tr2al e#$er'ents
and obser2atons +a2e led to &eneralsatons of ''ense '$ortance.
9*' . 4)rt+er dsc)sson of ecstas".
9** . It s a $+eno'enon co''on to all rel&ons1 and +ence of s$ecal
'$ortance fro' a $s"c+olo&cal $ont of 2e8.
9*) . 6e ')st no8 deal brefl" 8t+ t+e s)bDect of retroco&nton and
+ii,0i0- $reco&ntonG t+ese s)&&est $o8ers e2en 'ore re'ote t+an tele$at+"
or telFst+esa fro' ordnar" 'et+ods of acE)rn& 3no8led&e.
9*9 . Retroco&nton be&ns 8t+ +"$er'nesa1 leadn& on to cases
8+ere t+e 3no8led&e see's to co'e fro' t+e 'e'ores of ot+er 'nds1
e'boded or dse'boded1 or fro' a drect $erce$ton of t+e cos'c record.
9)0 . Preco&nton1 startn& fro' $ro'nesa1 leads on t+ro)&+ selfC
s)&&eston and or&anc $re2son1 &rad)all" n2ol2n& 'ore and 'ore of t+e
$erc$ent5s en2ron'ent1 as 8ell as of +s o8n +stor"G b)t 'a" e2en t+en
be re&arded as t+e res)lt of t+e 8der o)tloo3 of t+e s)bl'nal self. 9)0 A .
Case of (&norna /anNn.
9)1 . (o'e $reco&ntons1 +o8e2er1 'a" be d)e to t+e reasoned
fores&+t of dse'boded s$rtsG and so'e 'a" $ossbl" be der2ed fro'
s$rts +&+er t+an +)'an1 or fro' a s$+ere 8+ere o)r conce$ton of t'e no
lon&er +olds.
9)( . ,sc)sson of t+e e2ol)ton of retroco&nton fro' 'e'or".
9)3 . T+e 2aro)s sta&es of $reco&ntonJ +"$erFst+esa1 $er$+eral or
central.
9)+ . T+e 8der 3no8led&e of t+e s)bl'nal selfG so'et'es
trans'tted tele$at+call" to ot+ers1 or tself der2ed fro' dse'boded
s$rts.
9), . ,rect fore3no8led&e of t+e f)t)reG t+e relaton of t+s $ossblt"
to t+e $roble' of 4ree 6ll.
9)' . T+e conce$ton of T'e1 as +as often been s)&&ested1 'a" be
$)rel" s)bDect2e.
9)* . O)r e2dence see's to ndcate t+at t+e s$rt)al 8orld s no8 D)st
be&nnn& to act s"ste'atcall" )$on t+e 'ateral 8orld.
9)) . T+e fantness and nco+erence of t+e 'essa&es see' an e2dence
of effort on t+e $art of t+e co'')ncatorsG b)t to sol2e t+e '"ster" f)ll"
8ll reE)re t+e labo)rs of 'an" &eneratons.
CHAPTER X
EPILOGUE
1000 . (o'e atte'$t to $lace t+ese ne8 dsco2eres n clearer relaton to
e#stn& sc+e'es of c2lsed t+o)&+t and belef s needf)l for t+e $ractcal
$)r$ose of enlstn& +el$ n o)r nE)r"1 8+c+ +as +t+erto s)ffered fro'
ndfference rat+er t+an fro' o$$oston.
1001 . T+e nfl)ence of t+e e2dence set fort+ n t+s boo3 s+o)ld
$ro'$t to8ards t+e )lt'ate ac+e2e'ent of scentfc do'nance n e2er"
de$art'ent of +)'an st)d"1 ncl)dn&as ne2er beforet+e real' of
d2ne t+n&s.9
100( . T+e $resent a&e s 'ar3ed b" a dee$ and 8des$read
dssatsfacton1 b" a declne of an" real belef n t+e 8ort+ of lfe. % s'lar
crss 8+c+ $assed o2er E)ro$e once before 8as dss$ated b" t+e rse of
C+rstant".
1003 . In o)r a&e t+e scentfc nstnct ')st be satsfed eE)all" 8t+ t+e
rel&o)sG an" sc+e'e of 3no8led&e to co''end tself to o)r descendants
')st be one 8+c+1 8+le t transcends o)r $resent 3no8led&e1 steadl"
continues t. It s onl" no8 t+at t+s $rnc$le s be&nnn& to be a$$led to
t+e s$rt)al 8orld.
100+ . T+e conce$ton of tele$at+" s seen &rad)all" to enlar&e and
dee$en1 $ro2n& to )s at last t+at t+e 3ns+$ bet8een so)ls s 'ore
f)nda'ental t+an t+er se$araton.
+ii,00-
100, . Let )s s)$$ose t+at 8+lst ncarnate 'en +a2e rsen fro'
sa2a&er" nto ntell&ence1 dscarnate 'en +a2e beco'e 'ore ea&er and
'ore able to co'')ncate 8t+ eart+. ($oradc nstances of s)c+
co'')ncaton +a2e al8a"s occ)rredG b)t t+e ne8er scentfc te'$er
de'andn& not 'racles1 b)t a +&+er la8s not $er+a$s confned to t+s
eart+ alone.
100' . %ct)al ncrease of o)r 3no8led&e of t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 bot+ b"
dsco2er" and b" re2elaton1 s rendern& $ossble a rel&o)s s"nt+ess less
nco'$lete t+an an" 8+c+ +as been attaned )ntl no8.
100* . B" a rel&o)s s"nt+ess I 'ean a coCordnaton and de2elo$'ent
of all s)c+ res$onse of t+e +)'an s$rt to Cos'c La8 as +as rsen abo2e
'ere e&os' or re2olt nto coo$eraton and 8ors+$.
100) . I +old t+at t+s ent+)sas' of res$onse s 'orall" nc)'bent on
)sG snce1 e2en t+o)&+ t+e Cos'os a$$ears '$erfect1 t 'a" be destned to
attan $erfecton $artl" t+ro)&+ o)r o8n 8or3 and fat+.
1009 . T+e res$onse act)all" 'ade n t+e $ast b" +)'an s$rts of +&+
t"$e +as been1 on t+e 8+ole1 concordant n reco&nsn& t+at a s$rt)al 8orld
)nderles t+e 'ateral. T+e t8o leadn& 6orldRel&ons +a2e de2elo$ed
dfferent sdes of t+s obsc)re $+loso$+c consens)s. Eastern conte'$laton
+as d8elt on t+e 2astness of t+e s$rt5s ascent )$ nfnte de&rees of Ben&1
to be 'er&ed at last n an '$ersonal %ll. 6estern 8ors+$ +as based on
7es)s C+rst5s Res)rrecton t+e belef t+at t+e so)l s)r22es bodl" deat+1 and
on -s Re2elaton t+e belef t+at t+e 8orld s s$rt)al and s r)led b" Lo2e.
1010 . T+s d' and '$erfect a&ree'ent s no8 s)$$le'ented b"
nascent dsco2er" and re2elaton. 4ro' t+e dsco2er" of tele$at+" 8e learn
t+at a drect co'')ncaton $asses bet8een ncarnate s$rts1 and fro'
dscarnate s$rts to ncarnate. 4ro' t+e re2elaton contaned n t+ese
'essa&es fro' dscarnate s$rts1 8e learn n drect fas+on 8+at $+loso$+"
+ad s)s$ected1t+e e#stence and nfl)ence of a s$rt)al 8orld.
1011 . O)r ne8 3no8led&e1 confr'n& ancent strea's of t+o)&+t1
corroborates analo&call" for C+rstant" t+e record of C+rst5s a$$earances
after deat+1 and +nts at t+e $ossblt" of t+e benefcent ncarnaton of so)ls
$re2o)sl" on a le2el +&+er t+an 'an5s.
101( . Passn& on to t+e f)rt+er f)t)re1 t confr's for B)dd+s' t+e
conce$ton of an endless s$rt)al e2ol)ton1 8+c+ t+e 8+ole Cos'os
s)bser2es.
1013 . %nd 'eant'e1 b" ts act)al and e2erC&ro8n& realt"1 t+e nascent
co'')non 8t+ enfranc+sed s$rts offers bot+ ''edate s)stenance and
endless de2elo$'ent.
101+ . T+at de2elo$'ent ')st be an ncrease n +olnessG an ntensfed
nter$enetraton bot+ of 8orlds and of so)lsG an e2ol)ton of Ener&" nto
Lfe1 and of Lfe nto t+e t+reefold conce$ton of 6sdo'1 Lo2e1 and 7o".
101, . T+s $rocess1 effected for eac+ se2eral so)l n dfferent fas+on1 s
n tself contn)o)s and cos'cG all Lfe s de2elo$n& tself fro' t+e $r'al
Ener&"1 and d2nsn& tself nto t+e )lt'ate 7o".
A44!$567 A . T+e 4)ncton of a (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+.
A44!$567 B . T+e ,eclne of ,o&'ats'.
A44!$567 C . Pra"er and ()$$lcaton1
+ii,G-
CHAPTER VII
PHANTASMS OF THE DEAD
m
A m HA .
Yu, i AA
A i;;
LTransation M
PI!,%R.
*00 . T+e co)rse of o)r ar&)'ent +as &rad)all" cond)cted )s to a $ont
of ca$tal '$ortance. % $rofo)nd and central E)eston1 a$$roac+ed n
rre&)lar fas+on fro' t'e to t'e n $re2o)s c+a$ters. ')st no8 be
drectl" faced. 4ro' t+e actons and $erce$tons of s$rts stll n t+e fles+1
and concerned 8t+ one anot+er1 8e ')st $ass on to nE)re nto t+e actons
of s$rts no lon&er n t+e fles+1 and nto t+e for's of $erce$ton 8t+ 8+c+
'en stll n t+e fles+ res$ond to t+at )nfa'lar and '"stero)s a&enc".
T+ere need1 I +o$e1 be no real brea3 +ere n '" $re2o)s lne of
ar&)'ent. T+e s)bl'nal self1 8+c+ 8e +a2e alread" traced t+ro)&+
2aro)s $+ases of &ro8n& senst2t"1 &ro8n& nde$endence of or&anc
bonds1 8ll no8 be st)ded as senst2e to "et re'oter nfl)encesGas
'antann& an nde$endent e#stence e2en 8+en t+e or&ans' s destro"ed.
O)r s)bDect 8ll d2de tself con2enentl" )nder t+ree 'an +eads. 9irst, t
8ll be 8ell to dsc)ss brefl" t+e nat)re of t+e e2dence to 'an5s s)r22al of
deat+ 8+c+ 'a" t+eoretcall" be obtanable1 and ts $ossble connectons
8t+ e2dence set fort+ n $re2o)s c+a$ters. Secondy,and t+s ')st for'
t+e b)l3 of t+e $resent c+a$ter18e need a classfed e#$oston of t+e 'an
e2dence to s)r22al t+)s far obtanedGso far1 t+at s to sa"1 as sensor"
a)to'ats'a)dton or a$$artons concernedG for 'otor a)to'ats'
a)to'atc 8rtn& and tranceC)tterance')st be left for later dsc)sson.
Thirdy, t+ere 8ll be need of so'e consderaton of t+e 'eann& of t+s
e2dence as a 8+ole1 and of ts '$lcatons al3e for t+e scentfc and for
t+e et+cal f)t)re of 'an3nd. /)c+ 'ore1 ndeed1 of dsc)sson (as 8ell as
of e2dence) t+an I can f)rns+ 8ll be needed before t+s &reat conce$ton
can be realsed or ar&)ed fro' 8t+ t+e scentfc t+oro)&+ness d)e to ts
$oston a'on& f)nda'ental cos'cal la8s. Consdern& +o8 fa'lar t+e
notont+e 2a&)e s+ado8" notonof ''ortalt"9 +as al8a"s been1 t s
stran&e +ii,H- ndeed t+at so lttle s+o)ld +a2e been done n t+ese 'odern
da"s to &ras$ or to crtcse tGso lttle1 one '&+t al'ost sa"1 snce t+e
&haedo of Plato.
*01 . Be&nnn&1 t+en1 8t+ t+e nE)r" as to 8+at 3nd of e2dence
o)&+t to be de'anded for +)'an s)r22al1 8e are 'et frst b" t+e bl)ff
state'ent 8+c+ s stll often )ttered e2en b" ntell&ent 'en1 t+at no
e2dence 8o)ld con2nce t+e' of s)c+ a factG net+er 8o)ld t+e" be
$ers)aded t+o)&+ one rose fro' t+e dead.9
E#tra2a&ant as s)c+ a $rofesson so)nds1 t +as a 'eann& 8+c+ 8e
s+all do 8ell to note. T+ese resol)te anta&onsts 'ean t+at no ne8 e2dence
can carr" con2cton to t+e' )nless t be continuous 8t+ old e2denceG and
t+at t+e" cannot conce2e t+at e2dence to a 8orld of s$rt can $ossbl" be
contn)o)s 8t+ e2dence based )$on o)r e#$erence of a 8orld of 'atter. I
a&ree 8t+ t+s de'and for contn)t"G and I a&ree also t+at t+e cla's
)s)all" ad2anced for a s$rt)al 8orld +a2e not onl" 'ade no atte'$t at
contn)t" 8t+ 3no8n fact1 b)t +a2e e2en ostentato)sl" t+ro8n s)c+
contn)t" to t+e 8nds. T+e $o$)lar 'nd +as e#$ressl" desred so'et+n&
startln&1 so'et+n& o)tsde La8 and abo2e !at)re. It +as lo2ed1 f not a
Credo quia absurdum, at least a Credo quia non probatum. B)t t+e
ne2table retrb)ton s a dee$ nsec)rt" n t+e con2cton t+)s attaned.
:ns)$$orted b" t+e &eneral fabrc of 3no8led&e1 t+e act of fat+ see's to
s+rn3 nto t+e bac3&ro)nd as t+at &reat fabrc stands and &ro8s.
I can +ardl" too often re$eat t+at '" obDect n t+ese $a&es s of a E)te
o$$oste c+aracter. Bele2n& t+at all co&nsable /nd s as contn)o)s as all
co&nsable /atter1 '" deal 8o)ld be to atte'$t for t+e real' of 'nd 8+at
t+e s$ectrosco$e and t+e la8 of &ra2taton +a2e effected for t+e real' of
'atter1 and to carr" t+at 3no8n cos'c )nfor't" of s)bstance and
nteracton )$8ards a'on& t+e essences and o$eratons of an )n3no8n
s$rt)al 8orld. %nd n order to e#$lore t+ese )nreac+able altt)des I 8o)ld
not as3 to stand 8t+ t+e t+eolo&an on t+e s)''t of a clo)dCca$t to8er19
b)t rat+er on $lan eart+ at t+e 'eas)red base of a tr&ono'etrcal s)r2e".
*0( . If 8e 8o)ld 'eas)re s)c+ a base1 t+e D)n&le ')st be cleared to
be&n 8t+. Let )s 'o2e for a 8+le a'on& frst defntonsG tr"n& to 'a3e
clear to o)rsel2es 8+at 3nd of t+n& t s t+at 8e are endea2o)rn& to trace
or dsco2er. In $o$)lar $arlance1 8e are loo3n& o)t for ghosts. 6+at
connotaton1 t+en1 are 8e to &2e to t+e 8ord &+ost9a 8ord 8+c+ +as
e'boded so 'an" )nfo)nded t+eores and ca)seless fearsW It 8o)ld be
'ore satsfactor"1 n t+e $resent state of o)r 3no8led&e1 s'$l" to collect
facts 8t+o)t offern& s$ec)lat2e co''ent. B)t t see's safer to be&n b"
brefl" $ontn& o)t t+e 'anfest errors of t+e tradtonal 2e8G snce t+at
tradton1 f left )nnotced1 8o)ld re'an lod&ed n t+e bac3&ro)nd e2en of
'an" 'nds 8+c+ +a2e ne2er reall" acce$ted t.
+ii,I-
Brefl"1 t+en1 t+e $o$)lar 2e8 re&ards a &+ost9 as a deceased person
permitted by &rovidence to hod communication #ith survivors. %nd t+s
s+ort defnton contans1 I t+n31 at least t+ree )n8arrantable ass)'$tons.
In t+e frst $lace1 s)c+ 8ords as permission and &rovidence are s'$l"
net+er 'ore nor less a$$lcable to t+s $+eno'enon t+an to an" ot+er. 6e
conce2e t+at all $+eno'ena al3e ta3e $lace n accordance 8t+ t+e la8s of
t+e )n2erse1 and conseE)entl" b" $er'sson of t+e ()$re'e Po8er n t+e
)n2erse. :ndo)btedl" t+e $+eno'ena 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are dealn& are n t+s
sense $er'tted to occ)r. B)t t+ere s no a priori reason 8+ate2er for
ass)'n& t+at t+e" are $er'tted n an" es$ecal sense of t+er o8n1 or t+at
t+e" for' e#ce$tons to la81 nstead of ben& e#e'$lfcatons of la8. !or
s t+ere an" a posteriori reason for s)$$osn& an" s)c+ nference to be
ded)cble fro' a st)d" of t+e $+eno'ena t+e'sel2es. If 8e atte'$t to fnd
n t+ese $+eno'ena an" $oetcal D)stce or 'anfest ada$taton to +)'an
cra2n&s1 8e s+all be D)st as ')c+ dsa$$onted as f 8e endea2o)red to fnd
a s'lar satsfacton n t+e ordnar" co)rse of terrene +stor".
In t+e second $lace1 8e +a2e no 8arrant for t+e ass)'$ton t+at t+e
$+anto' seen1 e2en t+o)&+ t be so'e+o8 caused b" a deceased $erson1 is
t+at deceased $erson1 n an" ordnar" sense of t+e 8ord. Instead of
a$$ealn& to t+e cr)de analo&" of t+e l2n& frend 8+o1 8+en +e +as 8al3ed
nto t+e roo'1 is n t+e roo'1 8e s+all fnd for t+e &+ost a ')c+ closer
$arallel n t+ose +all)cnator" f&)res or $+antas's 8+c+ l2n& $ersons
can so'et'es $roDect at a dstance. 6+en /r. Rr31 for nstance1 ca)sed b"
an effort of 8ll an a$$arton of +'self to a 8a3n& $erc$ent o)t of s&+t
(see '') B)1 +e 8as +'self a8a3e and consco)s n t+e $lace 8+ere1 not +s
$+anto'1 b)t +s bod"1 stood. 6+ate2er1 t+en1 t+at $+anto' #as+o8e2er
&enerated or condtoned8e cannot sa" t+at t 8as himse$. %nd eE)all"
)nD)stfable ')st be t+e co''on $arlance 8+c+ s$ea3s of t+e &+ost as
t+o)&+ t 8ere t+e deceased $erson +'selfa revenant co'n& bac3
a'on&st l2n& 'en.
%ll t+s1 of co)rse1 8ll be alread" fa'lar to 'ost of '" readers1 and
onl" needs re$etton +ere beca)se e#$erence s+o8s t+at 8+enas 8t+
t+ese post,mortem $+anto'st+e deceased $erson +as &one 8ell o)t of
s&+t or reac+ t+ere s a fres+ tendenc"1 so to sa"1 to anthropomorphose t+e
a$$artonG to s)$$ose t+at1 as t+e deceased $erson s not $ro2abl" an"8+ere
else1 +e s $robabl" +ereG and t+at t+e a$$arton s bo)nd to be+a2e
accordn&l". %ll s)c+ ass)'$tons ')st be ds'ssed1 and t+e $+anto'
')st be ta3en on ts 'erts1 as ndcatn& 'erel" a certan connecton 8t+
t+e deceased1 t+e $recse nat)re of t+at connecton ben& a $art of t+e
$roble' to be sol2ed.
%nd n t+e t+rd $lace1 D)st as 8e ')st cease to sa" t+at t+e $+anto' is
t+e deceased1 so also ')st 8e cease to ascrbe to t+e $+anto' t+e 'ot2es
b" 8+c+ 8e 'a&ne t+at t+e deceased '&+t be s8a"ed. 6e ')st +ii,J-
t+erefore e#cl)de fro' o)r defnton of a &+ost an" 8ords 8+c+ ass)'e ts
ntenton to co'')ncate 8t+ t+e l2n&. It 'a" bear s)c+ a relaton to t+e
deceased t+at t can reflect or re$resent +s $res)'ed 8s+ to co'')ncate1
or t 'a" not. If1 for nstance1 ts relaton to +s postmortem lfe be l3e t+e
relaton of '" drea's to '" eart+l" lfe1 t 'a" re$resent lttle t+at s tr)l"
+s1 sa2e s)c+ 2a&)e 'e'ores and nstncts as &2e a d' nd2d)alt" to
eac+ 'an5s tr2al drea's.
*03 . Let )s atte'$t1 t+en1 a tr)er defnton. Instead of descrbn& a
&+ost9 as a dead $erson $er'tted to co'')ncate 8t+ t+e l2n&1 let )s
defne t as a mani$estation o$ persistent persona energy, or as an ndcaton
t+at so'e 3nd of force s ben& e#ercsed after deat+ 8+c+ s n so'e 8a"
connected 8t+ a $erson $re2o)sl" 3no8n on eart+. In t+s defnton 8e
+a2e el'nated1 as 8ll be seen1 a &reat 'ass of $o$)lar ass)'$tons. Yet
8e ')st ntrod)ce a f)rt+er $ro2so1 lest o)r defnton stll see' to '$l"
an ass)'$ton 8+c+ 8e +a2e no r&+t to 'a3e. It s t+eoretcall" $ossble
t+at t+s force or nfl)ence1 8+c+ after a 'an5s deat+ creates a $+antas'al
'$resson of +'1 'a" ndcate no contn)n& acton on +s $art1 b)t 'a"
be so'e resd)e of t+e force or ener&" 8+c+ +e &enerated 8+le "et al2e.
T+ere 'a" be veridica a$ter,imagess)c+ as G)rne" +nts at (&roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <*=) 8+en n +s co''ents on t+e rec)rrn& f&)re of an
old 8o'anseen on t+e bed 8+ere s+e 8as ')rdered+e re'ar3s t+at
t+s f&)re s)&&ests not so ')c+ an" contn)n& local nterest on t+e $art of
t+e deceased $erson1 as t+e s)r22al of a 'ere 'a&e1 '$ressed1 8e cannot
&)ess +o81 on 8e cannot &)ess 8+at1 b" t+at $erson5s $+"scal or&ans'1
and $erce$tble at t'es to t+ose endo8ed 8t+ so'e co&nate for' of
senst2eness.9 (I E)ote t+e case referred to n *33 B 1 and a second s'lar
one n *+, B .)
(tran&e as t+s noton 'a" see'1 t s stron&l" s)&&ested b" 'an" of t+e
cases of haunting 8+c+ are referred to later n t+s c+a$ter. 6e s+all
$resentl" fnd (see *+,K*,1) t+at t+ere s stron& e2dence for t+e rec)rrence
of t+e sa'e +all)cnator" f&)res n t+e sa'e localtes1 b)t 8ea3 e2dence
to ndcate an" $)r$ose n 'ost of t+ese f&)res1 or an" connecton 8t+
b"&one nd2d)als1 or 8t+ s)c+ tra&edes as are $o$)larl" s)$$osed to start
a &+ost on ts career. In so'e of t+ese cases of freE)ent1 'eann&less
rec)rrence of a f&)re n a &2en s$ot1 8e are dr2en to 8onder 8+et+er t
can be so'e deceased $erson5s $ast freE)entaton of t+at s$ot1 rat+er t+an
an" fres+ acton of +s after deat+1 8+c+ +as &enerated 8+at I +a2e ter'ed
t+e 2erdcal afterC'a&e2erdcal n t+e sense t+at t co'')ncates
nfor'aton1 $re2o)sl" )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent1 as to a for'er n+abtant
of t+e +a)nted localt".
()c+ are so'e of t+e E)estons 8+c+ o)r e2dence s)&&ests. %nd I 'a"
$ont o)t t+at t+e 2er" fact t+at s)c+ bNarre $roble's s+o)ld $resent
t+e'sel2es at e2er" t)rn does n a certan sense tend to s+o8 t+at t+ese +ii,
K- a$$artons are not $)rel" s)bDect2e t+n&s1do not or&nate 'erel" n
t+e $erc$ent5s 'a&naton. 4or t+e" are not l3e 8+at an" 'an 8o)ld +a2e
'a&ned. 6+at 'an5s 'nd does tend to fanc" on s)c+ to$cs 'a" be seen
n t+e endless cro$ of fctto)s &+ost stores1 8+c+ f)rns+1 ndeed1 a
c)ro)s $roof of t+e $ersstence of $reconce2ed notons. 4or t+e" &o on
ben& fra'ed accordn& to canons of t+er o8n1 and deal 8t+ a set of
'a&nar" $+eno'ena E)te dfferent fro' t+ose 8+c+ act)all" occ)r. T+e
act)al $+eno'ena1 I 'a" add1 co)ld scarcel" be 'ade ro'antc. One tr)e
&+ost stor"9 s a$t to be 2er" l3e anot+er1 and 'ost of t+e' to be
fra&'entar" and a$$arentl" 'eann&less. T+er 'eann&1 t+at s to sa"1 les
n t+er confor't"1 not to t+e '"t+o$Qc nstnct of 'an3nd1 8+c+
fabrcates and enDo"s t+e fctto)s tales1 b)t to so'e )n3no8n la81 not
based on +)'an sent'ent or con2enence at all.
%nd t+)s1 abs)rdl" eno)&+1 8e so'et'es +ear 'en rdc)le t+e
$+eno'ena 8+c+ act)all" do +a$$en1 s'$l" beca)se t+ose $+eno'ena do
not s)t t+er $reconce2ed notons of 8+at &+ostl" $+eno'ena o)&+t to beG
not $erce2n& t+at t+s 2er" d2er&ence1 t+s 2er" )ne#$ectedness1 s n
tself no sl&+t ndcaton of an or&n outside t+e 'nds 8+c+ ob2o)sl"
8ere so far fro' antc$atn& an"t+n& of t+e 3nd.
*0+ . %nd n fact t+e 2er" E)altes 8+c+ are 'ost a$t to rase derson
are s)c+ as t+e e2dence set fort+ n t+e earler c+a$ters of t+s 8or3 '&+t
reasonabl" lead )s to e#$ect. 4or I +old t+at no8 for t+e frst t'e can 8e
for' a conce$ton of &+ostl" co'')ncatons 8+c+ s+all n an" 8a"
consst or co+ere 8t+ 'ore establs+ed conce$tonsG 8+c+ can be
$resented as n an" 8a" a de2elo$'ent of facts 8+c+ are alread"
e#$er'entall" 3no8n. T8o $rel'nar" conce$tons 8ere needed
conce$tons n one sense ancent eno)&+G b)t "et t+e frst of 8+c+ +as onl"
n t+s &eneraton fo)nd ts $lace n scence1 8+le t+e second s as "et
a8atn& ts bre2et of ort+odo#". T+e frst conce$ton s t+at 8t+ 8+c+
+"$nots' and 2aro)s a)to'ats's +a2e fa'larsed )s1t+e conce$ton
of ')lt$le# $ersonalt"1 of t+e $otental coCe#stence of 'an" states and
'an" 'e'ores n t+e sa'e nd2d)al. T+e second s t+e conce$ton of
tele$at+"G of t+e acton of 'nd on 'nd a$art fro' t+e ordnar" or&ans of
senseG and es$ecall" of ts acton b" 'eans of +all)cnatonsGb" t+e
&eneraton of 2erdcal $+antas's 8+c+ for'1 as t 8ere1 'essa&es fro'
'en stll n t+e fles+. %nd I bele2e t+at t+ese t8o conce$tons are n t+s
8a" connected1 t+at t+e tele$at+c 'essa&e &enerall" starts fro'1 and
&enerall" '$n&es )$on1 a s)bconsco)s or s)b'er&ed strat)' n bot+
a&ent and $erc$ent.
*
6+ere2er t+ere s +all)cnaton1 8+et+er del)s2e or
2erdcal1 I +old t+at a 'essa&e of so'e sort s forcn& ts 8a" )$8ards fro'
one strat)' of $ersonalt" to anot+er1a 'essa&e 8+c+ 'a" be 'erel"
drea'l3e and nco+erent1 or 8+c+ 'a" s"'bolse a fact ot+er8se
)nreac+able b" t+e $erc$ent $ersonalt". %nd t+e 'ec+ans' see's ')c+
t+e sa'e 8+et+er t+e +ii,L- 'essa&e5s $at+ be contn)ed 8t+n one
nd2d)al or $ass bet8een t8oG 8+et+er %5s o8n s)b'er&ed self be
s&nalln& to +s e'er&ent self or B be tele$at+call" st')latn& t+e +dden
fo)ntans of $erce$ton n %. If an"t+n& l3e t+s be tr)e1 t see's $lanl"
needf)l t+at all t+at 8e 3no8 of abnor'al or s)$ernor'al co'')ncatons
bet8een 'nds1 or states of t+e sa'e 'nd1 stll e'boded n fles+1 s+o)ld
be searc+ed for analo&es 8+c+ 'a" t+ro8 l&+t on t+s stran&est 'ode of
nterco)rse bet8een e'boded and dse'boded 'nds. O)r ste$s on t+s
)ncertan &ro)nd ')st needs be s+ort and 8a2ern&. B)t t+e" 'a" +el$ to
'ar3 t+e r&+t drecton for f)t)re nE)r"1 and to ds$el certan 2)l&ar
$reconce$tons 8+c+ can onl" 'slead.
% co'')ncaton (f s)c+ a t+n& e#sts) fro' a de$arted $erson to a
$erson stll on eart+ s1 at an" rate1 a co'')ncaton fro' a 'nd n one
state of e#stence to a 'nd n a 2er" dfferent state of e#stence. %nd t s1
'oreo2er1 a co'')ncaton fro' one 'nd to anot+er 8+c+ $asses t+ro)&+
so'e c+annel ot+er t+an t+e ordnar" c+annels of sense1 snce on one sde of
t+e &)lf no 'ateral senseCor&ans e#st. It 8ll a$$arentl" be an e#tre'e
nstance of bot+ t+ese classesof co'')ncatons bet8een state and state1
*
and of tele$at+c co'')ncatonsG and 8e o)&+t1 t+erefore1 to a$$roac+ t
b" consdern& t+e less ad2anced cases of bot+ t+ese t"$es.
On 8+at occasons do 8e co''onl" fnd a 'nd con2ersn& 8t+
anot+er 'nd not on t+e sa'e $lane 8t+ tselfW8t+ a 'nd n+abtn& n
so'e sense a dfferent 8orld1 and 2e8n& t+e en2ron'ent 8t+ a
dfference of o)tloo3 &reater t+an t+e 'ere dfference of c+aracter of t+e
t8o $ersona&es 8ll acco)nt forW
T+e frst nstance of t+s sort 8+c+ 8ll occ)r to )s les n s$ontaneo)s
so'na'b)ls'1 or colloE)" bet8een a $erson aslee$ and a $erson a8a3e.
%nd obser2e +ere +o8 sl&+t an accdent allo8s )s to enter nto con2erse
8t+ a state 8+c+ at frst s&+t see's a t"$e of nco'')ncable solaton.
%8a3e1 8e s+are o)r 8orld19 r)ns t+e old sa"n&1 b)t eac+ drea'er
n+abts a 8orld of +s o8n.9 Yet t+e drea'er1 a$$arentl" so selfCenclosed1
'a" be &entl" led1 or 8ll s$ontaneo)sl" enter1 nto con2erse 8t+ 8a3n&
'en.
T+e so'na'b)lst1 or rat+er t+e so'nloE)stfor t s t+e tal3n&
rat+er t+an t+e 8al3n& 8+c+ s t+e &st of t+e 'atters t+)s o)r frst
nat)ral t"$e of t+e revenant.
%nd obser2n& t+e +abts of so'na'b)lsts1 8e note t+at t+e de&ree n
8+c+ t+e" can co'')ncate 8t+ ot+er 'nds 2ares &reatl" n dfferent
+ii,M- cases. One slee$C8a3er 8ll &o abo)t +s c)sto'ar" a2ocatons
8t+o)t reco&nsn& t+e $resence of an" ot+er $erson 8+ate2erG anot+er 8ll
reco&nse certan $ersons onl"1 or 8ll ans8er 8+en addressed1 b)t onl" on
certan s)bDects1 +s 'nd co'n& nto contact 8t+ ot+er 'nds onl" on a
2er" fe8 $onts. Rarel" or ne2er 8ll a so'na'b)lst s$ontaneo)sl" notce
8+at ot+er $ersons are don&1 and ada$t +s o8n actons t+ereto.
!e#t let )s t)rn fro' nat)ral to nd)ced slee$C8a3n&1 fro' do$at+c
so'na'b)ls' to t+e +"$notc trance. -ere1 too1 t+ro)&+o)t t+e dfferent
sta&es of t+e trance1 8e fnd a 2ar"n& and $artal (or elect2e) $o8er of
co'')ncaton. (o'et'es t+e entranced s)bDect 'a3es no s&n 8+ate2erG
so'et'es +e see's able to +ear and ans8er one $erson1 or certan $ersons1
and not ot+ersG so'et'es +e 8ll tal3 freel" to allG b)t1 +o8e2er freel" +e
'a" tal31 +e s not e#actl" +s 8a3n& self1 and as a r)le +e +as no
recollecton1 or a 2er" '$erfect recollecton1 n 8a3n& lfe of 8+at +e +as
sad or done n +s trance.
7)d&n&1 t+en1 fro' s)c+ analo&" as co'')ncatons fro' one l2n&
state to anot+er can s)&&est to )s1 8e s+all e#$ect t+at t+e co'')ncaton of
a dse'boded or dscarnate $erson 8t+ an ncarnate1 f s)c+ e#st1 8ll be
s)bDect to narro8 l'tatons1 and 2er" $ossbl" 8ll not for' a $art of t+e
'an c)rrent of t+e s)$$osed dscarnate consco)sness.
*0, . T+ese $rel'nar" consderatons are a$$lcable to an" 3nd of
alle&ed co'')ncaton fro' t+e de$arted8+et+er 8ell or ll e2dencedG
8+et+er con2e"ed n sensor" or n 'otor for'.
Let )s ne#t consder 8+at t"$es of co'')ncaton fro' t+e dead o)r
e#stn& e2dence of co'')ncatons a'on& t+e l2n& s)&&ests to )s as
analo&call" $ossble. It a$$ears to 'e t+at t+ere s an '$ortant $arallels'
r)nnn& t+ro)&+ eac+ class of o)r e#$er'ents n a)to'ats' and eac+ class
of o)r s$ontaneo)s $+eno'ena. Ro)&+l" s$ea3n&1 8e 'a" sa" t+at o)r
e#$er'ent and obser2aton )$ to t+s $ont +a2e co'$rsed f2e dfferent
sta&es of $+eno'ena1 2N.1 (I.) +"$notc s)&&estonG (II.) tele$at+c
e#$er'entsG (III.) s$ontaneo)s tele$at+" d)rn& lfeG (IV.) $+antas's at
deat+G (V.) $+antas's after deat+. %nd 8e fnd1 I t+n31 t+at t+e sa'e t"$es
of co'')ncaton 'eet )s at eac+ sta&eG so t+at t+s rec)rrent s'lart" of
t"$es rases a $res)'$ton t+at t+e )nderl"n& 'ec+ans' of 'anfestaton
at eac+ sta&e 'a" be n so'e 8a" s'lar.
%&an )sn& a 'ere ro)&+ for' of d2son1 8e s+all fnd t+ree 'an
for's of 'anfestaton at eac+ sta&eJ (*) +all)cnatons of t+e sensesG (.)
e'otonal and 'otor '$)lsesG (;) defnte ntellect)al 'essa&es.
(I.) %nd frst let )s start fro' a class of e#$er'ents nto 8+c+ tele$at+"
does not enter1 b)t 8+c+ e#+bt n ts s'$lest for' t+e 'ec+ans' of t+e
a)to'atc transfer of 'essa&es fro' one strat)' to anot+er of t+e sa'e
$ersonalt". I s$ea31 of co)rse1 of $ostC+"$notc s)&&estons. -ere t+e a&ent
s a l2n& 'an1 o$eratn& n an ordnar" 8a"1 b" drect +ii,N- s$eec+. T+e
)n)s)al feat)re les n t+e condton of t+e $erc$ent1 8+o s +"$notsed at
t+e t'e1 and s t+)s )nder&on& a 3nd of dslocaton of $ersonalt"1 or
te'$orar" )$+ea2al of a +abt)all" s)bDacent strat)' of t+e self. T+s
+"$notc $ersonalt"1 ben& for t+e t'e at t+e s)rface1 rece2es t+e a&ent5s
2erbal s)&&eston1 of 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent5s 8a3n& self s )na8are. T+en
after8ards1 8+en t+e 8a3n& self +as res)'ed ts )s)al )$$er $oston1 t+e
+"$notc self carres o)t at t+e stated t'e t+e &2en s)&&eston1an act
8+ose or&n t+e )$$er strat)' of consco)sness does not 3no81 b)t 8+c+
s n effect a 'essa&e co'')ncated to t+e )$$er strat)' fro' t+e no8
s)b'er&ed or s)bconsco)s strat)' on 8+c+ t+e s)&&eston 8as or&nall"
'$ressed.
%nd t+s 'essa&e 'a" ta3e an" one of t+e t+ree leadn& for's
'entoned abo2eGsa" a +all)cnator" 'a&e of t+e +"$notser or of so'e
ot+er $ersonG or an '$)lse to $erfor' so'e actonG or a defnte 8ord or
sentence to be 8rtten a)to'atcall" b" t+e 8a3n& self1 8+c+ t+)s learns
8+at order +as been lad )$on t+e +"$notc self 8+le t+e 8a3n&
consco)sness 8as n abe"ance.
(II.) !o8 t)rn to o)r e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference. -ere a&an
t+e a&ent s a l2n& 'anG b)t +e s no lon&er o$eratn& b" ordnar" 'eans1
b" s$o3en 8ords or 2sble &est)res. -e s o$eratn& on t+e $erc$ent5s
s)bconsco)s self b" 'eans of a tele$at+c '$)lse1 8+c+ +e desres1
ndeed1 to $roDect fro' +'self1 and 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent 'a" desre to
rece2e1 b)t of 8+ose modus operandi t+e ordnar" 8a3n& sel2es of a&ent
and $erc$ent al3e are entrel" )na8are.
-ere a&an 8e 'a" d2de t+e 'essa&es sent nto t+e sa'e t+ree 'an
classes. 4rst co'e t+e +all)cnator" f&)resal8a"s or al'ost al8a"s of
+'self8+c+ t+e a&ent ca)ses t+e $erc$ent to see. (econdl" co'e
'$)lses to act1 tele$at+call" '$ressed1 as 8+en t+e +"$notser desres +s
s)bDect to co'e to +' at an +o)r not $re2o)sl" notfed. %nd t+rdl"1 8e
+a2e a $arallel to t+e $ostC+"$notc 8rtn& of defnte 8ords or f&)res n
o)r o8n e#$er'ents on t+e drect tele$at+c trans'sson of 8ords1 f&)res1
cards1 &c.1 fro' t+e a&ent1 )sn& no nor'al 'eans of co'')ncaton1 to t+e
$erc$ent1 et+er n t+e +"$notsed or n t+e 8a3n& state.
(III.) 6e co'e ne#t to t+e s$ontaneo)s $+antas's occ)rrn& d)rn& lfe.
-ere 8e fnd t+e sa'e t+ree broad classes of 'essa&es1 8t+ t+s dfference1
t+at t+e act)al a$$artons1 8+c+ n o)r tele$at+c e#$er'entaton are t+)s
far )nfort)natel" rare1 beco'e no8 t+e 'ost '$ortant class. I need not
recall t+e nstances &2en n C+a$ters IV. and VI.1 &c.1 8+ere an a&ent
)nder&on& so'e s)dden crss see's n so'e 8a" to &enerate an a$$arton
of +'self seen b" a dstant $erc$ent. I'$ortant also n t+s connecton are
t+ose a$$artons of t+e doube, 8+ere so'e one a&ent (/rs. (tone1 /rs.
Bea)'ont1 &c.1 see '+, B and C )1 s seen re$eatedl" n $+antas'al for' b"
dfferent $erc$ents at t'es 8+en t+at a&ent s )nder&on& no s$ecal crss.
+ii,O-
%&an1 a'on& o)r tele$at+c '$ressons &enerated (s$ontaneo)sl"1 not
e#$er'entall") b" l2n& a&ents1 8e +a2e cases1 8+c+ I need not +ere
reca$t)late1 of $er2adn& sensatons of dstressG or '$)lses to ret)rn +o'e
(see1 e.g., t+e case of /r. (3r2n& n )(, A)1 8+c+ are $arallel to t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect5s '$)lse to a$$roac+ +s dstant +"$notser1 at a 'o'ent
8+en t+at +"$notser s 8lln& +' to do so.
%nd t+rdl"1 a'on& t+ese tele$at+c co'')ncatons fro' t+e l2n& to
t+e l2n&1 8e +a2e defnte sentences a)to'atcall" 8rtten1 co'')ncatn&
facts 8+c+ t+e dstant $erson 3no8s1 b)t s not consco)sl" endea2o)rn& to
trans't.
(IV.) Passn& on to $+antas's 8+c+ cl)ster abo)t t+e 'o'ent of deat+1
8e fnd o)r t+ree 'an classes of cases stll 'eetn& )s. O)r readers are
fa'lar 8t+ t+e visua cases1 8+ere t+ere s an act)al a$$arton of t+e
d"n& 'an1 seen b" one or 'ore $ersonsG and also 8t+ t+e emotiona and
motor cases1 8+ere t+e '$resson1 alt+o)&+ $o8erf)l1 s not defntel"
sensor" n c+aracter. %nd 2aro)s cases also +a2e been $)bls+ed 8+ere t+e
'essa&e +as conssted of defnte 8ords1 not al8a"s e#ternalsed as an
a)dtor" +all)cnaton1 b)t so'et'es a)to'atcall" uttered or a)to'atcall"
#ritten b" t+e $erc$ent +'self1 as n t+e case co'')ncated b" ,r.
LUbea)lt (see secton )'')1 8+ere a &rl 8rtes t+e 'essa&e anno)ncn& +er
frend5s deat+ at t+e t'e 8+en t+at frend s1 n fact1 d"n& n a dstant ct".
*0' . (V.) %nd no8 I 'antan t+at n t+ese $ostC'orte' cases also 8e
fnd t+e sa'e &eneral classes $ersstn&1 and n so'e8+at t+e sa'e
$ro$orton. /ost cons$c)o)s are t+e act)al apparitions, 8t+ 8+c+1
ndeed1 t+e follo8n& $a&es 8ll 'anl" deal. It s 2er" rare to fnd an
a$$arton 8+c+ see's to '$art an" 2erbal 'essa&eG b)t a case of t+s
3nd +as been &2en n +(9 E . %s a r)le1 +o8e2er1 t+e a$$arton s of t+e
a$$arentl" a)to'atc1 $)r$oseless c+aracter1 alread" so f)ll" descrbed. 6e
+a2e also t+e emotiona and motor class of $ostC'orte' cases (as /r.
Ca'eron Grant5s1 &2en n *3' B )G and t+ese 'a"1 $er+a$s1 be 'ore
n)'ero)s n $ro$orton t+an o)r collecton 8o)ld ndcateG for t s ob2o)s
t+at '$ressons 8+c+ are so ')c+ less defnte t+an a 2s)al +all)cnaton
(alt+o)&+ t+e" 'a" be e2en 'ore '$ress2e to t+e $erc$ent +'self) can
rarel" be )sed as e2dence of co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e de$arted.
B)t no8 I 8s+ to $ont o)t t+at1 besdes t+ese t8o classes of
$ost'orte' 'anfestatons1 8e +a2e o)r third class also stll $ersstn&G 8e
+a2e defnte 2erbal 'essa&es 8+c+ at least $)r$ort1 and so'et'es1 I
t+n31 8t+ stron& $robablt"1 to co'e fro' t+e de$arted.
I +a2e1 ndeed1 for t+e reader5s con2enence1 $ost$oned t+ese 'otor
cases to a s)bseE)ent c+a$ter1 so t+at t+e e2dence +ere and no8 $resented
for s)r22al 8ll be 2er" nco'$lete. Yet1 at an" rate1 8e are &rad)all"
&ettn& before )s a farl" defnte tas3. 6e +a2e n t+s c+a$ter to record and
anal"se s)c+ sensor" e#$erences of l2n& 'en +ii,GP- as see' referable to
t+e acton of so'e +)'an nd2d)alt" $ersstn& after deat+. 6e +a2e also
obtaned so'e $rel'nar" noton as to t+e 3nd of $+eno'ena for 8+c+ 8e
can +o$e1 es$ecall" as to 8+at t+er $robable l'tatons ')st be1
consdern& +o8 &reat a &)lf bet8een $s"c+cal states an" co'')ncaton
')st o2er$ass.
*0* . Let )s no8 $ress t+e act)al e2dental E)eston so'e8+at closer.
Let )s consder1 for t s b" no 'eans e2dent at frst s&+t1 8+at condtons a
2s)al or a)dtor" $+antas' s bo)nd to f)lfl before t can be re&arded as
ndcatn& primF $acie t+e nfl)ence of a dscarnate 'nd. T+e dsc)sson
'a" be best ntrod)ced b" E)otn& t+e 8ords n 8+c+ Ed')nd G)rne"
o$ened t n *AAA.
*
T+e 'an e2dental lnes as t+ere lad do8n retan t+er
2aldt"1 alt+o)&+ t+e "ears 8+c+ +a2e snce $assed +a2e &reatl"
a)&'ented t+e test'on"1 and n so don& +a2e ll)strated "et ot+er tests of
tr)e $ostC'orte' co'')ncaton1to 8+c+ 8e s+all $resentl" co'e.
T+ose 8+o +a2e follo8ed t+e records and dsc)ssons $rnted n t+e
&roceedings and t+e 1ourna of t+s (ocet" 8ll not need to be nfor'ed
+o8 lttle t+e e2dence 8+c+ +as not nfreE)entl" led e2en ed)cated
$ersons to bele2e n t+e act)al rea$$earance of dead frends reall" D)stfes
an" s)c+ belef. T+e reason can be &2en n a sn&le sentence. In 'ost of t+e
cases 8+ere $ersons +a2e $rofessed to +a2e seen or to +a2e +eld
co'')ncaton 8t+ deceased frends and relat2es1 t+ere s not+n& to
dstn&)s+ t+e $+eno'enon 8+c+ t+er senses +a2e enco)ntered fro'
$)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnaton. ('$le as t+s state'ent see's1 t+e tr)t+
8+c+ t e'bodes re'aned for cent)res )n&)essed. It s onl" n
co'$arat2el" 'odern da"s t+at t+e facts of sensor" +all)cnaton +a2e been
at all )nderstood1 and t+at t+e e#tre'e defnteness 8+c+ t+e del)s2e
obDect 'a" ta3e +as been reco&nsedG and e2en no8 t+e tr)t+ of t+e 'atter
+as not +ad t'e to $enetrate to t+e $o$)lar 'nd. T+e re$l" of a2era&e
co''on sense to an" acco)nt of an a$$arton s )s)all" et+er t+at t+e
8tness s l"n& or &rossl" e#a&&eratn&1 or t+at +e 8as 'ad or dr)n3 or
e'otonall" e#cted at t+e t'eG or at t+e 2er" 'ost t+at +s e#$erence 8as
an ll)sona 'snter$retaton of so'e s&+t or so)nd 8+c+ 8as of an
entrel" obDect2e 3nd. % 2er" lttle caref)l st)d" of t+e s)bDect 8ll1
+o8e2er1 s+o8 t+at all t+ese +"$ot+eses ')st often be reDectedG t+at t+e
8tness 'a" be n &ood +ealt+1 and n no e#ce$tonal state of ner2o)sness or
e#cte'ent1 and t+at 8+at +e sees or +ears 'a" stll be of $)rel" s)bDect2e
or&nt+e $roDecton of +s o8n bran. %nd a'on& t+e obDects t+)s
fctto)sl" $resented1 t s onl" nat)ral to e#$ect t+at a certan $ercenta&e
8ll ta3e t+e for' of a +)'an f&)re or 2oce 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent
reco&nses as t+at of a deceased $ersonG for t+e 'e'or" of s)c+ f&)res and
2oces s $art of +s 'ental store1 and t+e latent 'a&es are read" to s)$$l"
t+e 'ateral of 8a3n& +all)cnaton1 D)st as t+e" are read" to s)$$l" t+e
'ateral of drea'.
It s f)rt+er e2dent t+at n alle&ed cases of a$$artons of t+e dead1 t+e
$ont 8+c+ 8e +a2e +eld to dstn&)s+ certan a$$artons of iving $ersons
fro' $)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnatons s necessarl" lac3n&. T+at $ont s
coincidence bet8een t+e a$$arton and so'e crtcal or e#ce$tonal
condton of t+e $erson 8+o see's to a$$earG b)t 8t+ re&ard to t+e dead1
8e +a2e no +ii,GG- nde$endent 3no8led&e of t+er condton1 and t+erefore
ne2er +a2e t+e o$$ort)nt" of obser2n& an" s)c+ concdences.
T+ere re'an t+ree1 and I t+n3 onl" t+ree1 condtons 8+c+ '&+t
establs+ a $res)'$ton t+at an a$$arton or ot+er ''edate 'anfestaton
*
of a dead $erson s so'et+n& 'ore t+an a 'ere s)bDect2e +all)cnaton of
t+e $erc$ent5s senses. Et+er (*) 'ore $ersons t+an one '&+t be
nde$endentl" affected b" t+e $+eno'enonG or (.) t+e $+antas' '&+t
con2e" nfor'aton1 after8ards dsco2ered to be tr)e1 of so'et+n& 8+c+
t+e $erc$ent +ad ne2er 3no8nG or (;) t+e a$$earance '&+t be t+at of a
$erson 8+o' t+e $erc$ent +'self +ad ne2er seen1 and of 8+ose as$ect +e
8as &norant1 and "et +s descr$ton of t '&+t be s)ffcentl" defnte for
dentfcaton. B)t t+o)&+ one or 'ore of t+ese condtons 8o)ld +a2e to be
f)ll" satsfed before 8e co)ld be con2nced t+at an" $artc)lar a$$arton of
t+e dead +ad so'e ca)se e#ternal to t+e $erc$ent5s o8n 'nd1 t+ere s one
'ore &eneral c+aracterstc of t+e class 8+c+ s s)ffcentl" s)&&est2e of
s)c+ a ca)se to be 8ort+ consdern&. I 'ean t+e ds$ro$ortonate n)'ber of
cases 8+c+ occ)r shorty a$ter t+e deat+ of t+e $erson re$resented. ()c+ a
t'eCrelaton1 f freE)entl" eno)&+ enco)ntered1 '&+t enable )s to ar&)e
for t+e obDect2e or&n of t+e $+eno'enon n a 'anner analo&o)s to t+at
8+c+ leads )s to concl)de t+at 'an" $+antas's of t+e l2n& +a2e an
obDect2e (a tele$at+c) or&n. 4or1 accordn& to t+e doctrnes of
$robabltes1 a +all)cnaton re$resentn& a 3no8n $erson 8o)ld not by
chance $resent a defnte t'eCrelaton to a s$ecal co&nate e2ent2N.1 t+e
deat+ of t+at $ersonn 'ore t+an a certan $ercenta&e of t+e 8+ole
n)'ber of s'lar +all)cnatons t+at occ)rG and f t+at $ercenta&e s
decdedl" e#ceeded1 t+ere s reason to s)r'se t+at so'e ot+er ca)se t+an
c+ancen ot+er 8ords1 so'e obDect2e or&n for t+e $+antas's
$resent.
()$$osn& t+e $ec)lart" 8+c+ I +a2e 'entoned to be establs+ed1 t+e
signi$icance of t+e t'eCrelaton 8o)ld of co)rse be E)te a dfferent
E)eston. T+e $o$)lar 'nd nat)rall" lea$s to e#$lanatons of an e#ctn&
fact1 before t+e fact tself s at all establs+ed. T+)s t s sad t+at t+e
deceased $erson co'es to sa" fare8ell1 or to c+eer t+e +earts of 'o)rners
8+le t+er &ref s fres+G or t+at +s s$rt9 s eart+Cbo)nd19 and can onl"
&rad)all" free tself. Or1 a&an1 t+ere s t+e elaborate t+eor" of s+ells9
$ro$o)nded b" /. ,5%sser1 8+o +olds t+at1 t+o)&+ consco)sness and
nd2d)alt" +a2e ded1 so'e bass of $+"scal 'anfestaton s stll left1
8+c+ fades a8a" b" slo8 de&rees. I do not $ro$ose no8 to dsc)ss an" of
t+ese +"$ot+eses. O)r b)sness at $resent s 8+oll" 8t+ t+e $acts of post,
mortem a$$earances. T+e E)eston for scence s s'$l" 8+et+er t+ose facts
$ont to an" e#ternal ca)se at allG and t s as bearn& on t+s &reat $r'ar"
E)eston t+at t+e nE)r" as to t+e relat2e freE)enc" of t+e $+eno'ena near
t+e t'e of deat+ ass)'es '$ortance.
It 8as n t+e for'aton of a lar&e collecton of frstC+and test'on" on
t+e s)bDect of sensor" +all)cnaton1 t+at I 8as frst str)c3 b" t+e lar&e
$ro$orton of cases 8+ere t+e $+antas' re$resented a frend or relat2e
recentl" dead. O)t of t8o +)ndred and t+rt"Cone +all)cnatons re$resentn&
reco&nsed +)'an ben&s1 t8ent"Ce&+t1 or nearl" an e&+t+ $art1 occ)rred
8t+n a fe8 8ee3s of t+e deat+ of t+e $erson re$resented. T+ere are t8o
reasons1 +o8e2er1 8+" lttle 8e&+t can be allo8ed to t+s fact. In t+e frst
$lace a $+antas' re$resentn& +ii,GH- a $erson 8+ose deat+ s recent s
s$ecall" l3el" to e#cte nterest1 and so to be noted and re'e'beredG and
t+s '&+t easl" s8ell t+e $ercenta&e of t+s class of cases n s)c+ a
collecton as 'ne. %nd n t+e second $lace1 t+e fact of t+e deat+ 8as n
e2er" nstance 3no8n to t+e $erc$ent. It s1 t+erefore1 nat)ral to concl)de
t+at t+e e'otonal state of t+e $erc$ent 8as t+e s)ffcent ca)se of t+e
+all)cnatonG and t+at s t+e e#$lanaton 8+c+ t+e lar&e 'aDort" of
$s"c+olo&cal and 'edcal e#$erts 8o)ld at once ado$t. I s+o)ld '"self feel
'ore co'$letel" satsfed 8t+ t f 8e +ad an" record of t+e $+antas'al
a$$earance of a $erson 8+o' t+e frend 8+o sa8 t+e a$$earance bele2ed
to be dead1 b)t 8+o 8as reall" safe and so)nd. (tll1 false alar's of deat+
are not so co''on as to 'a3e t certan1 or $er+a$s e2en l3el"1 t+at 8e
s+o)ld +a2e enco)ntered s)c+ a case. %nd 'ean8+le I t+n3 t+at &ref1 and
t+e sense of a8e co''onl" connected 8t+ deat+1 o)&+t to be +eld as t+e
s)ffcent ca)se of abnor'al sensor" e#$erences connected 8t+ $ersons
8+ose recent deat+ s ben& 'o)rned1 )ntl t+e obDect2e realt" of
$+antas's of t+e dead n certan cases s establs+ed b" so'e nde$endent
lne of $roof.
If1 t+en1 8e are to dra8 an" $robable concl)son as to t+e obDect2e
nat)re of post,mortem a$$earances and co'')ncatons (or of so'e of
t+e') fro' t+e fact of t+er s$ecal freE)enc" soon after deat+1 8e ')st
confne o)rsel2es to cases 8+ere t+e fact of deat+ +as been )n3no8n to t+e
$erc$ent at t+e t'e of +s e#$erence. !o81 n t+ese da"s of letters and
tele&ra's1 $eo$le for t+e 'ost $art +ear of t+e deat+s of frends and
relat2es 8t+n a 2er" fe8 da"s1 so'et'es 8t+n a 2er" fe8 +o)rs1 after
t+e deat+ occ)rsG so t+at a$$earances of t+e sort reE)red 8o)ld1 as a r)le1
+a2e to follo8 2er" closel" ndeed on t+e deat+. -a2e 8e e2dence of an"
consderable n)'ber of s)c+ casesW
Readers of &hantasms o$ the .iving 8ll 3no8 t+at 8e +a2e. In a n)'ber
of cases 8+c+ 8ere treated n t+at boo3 as e#a'$les of tele$at+c
transference fro' a d"n& $erson1 t+e $erson 8as act)all" dead at t+e t'e
t+at t+e $erc$ent5s e#$erence occ)rredG and t+e ncl)son of s)c+ cases
)nder t+e ttle of &hantasms o$ the .iving nat)rall" occasoned a certan
a'o)nt of ad2erse crtcs'. T+er ncl)son1 t 8ll be re'e'bered1
reE)red an ass)'$ton 8+c+ cannot b" an" 'eans be re&arded as certan.
6e +ad to s)$$ose t+at t+e tele$at+c transfer too3 $lace D)st before1 or
e#actl" at1 t+e 'o'ent of deat+G b)t t+at t+e '$resson re'aned latent n
t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd1 and onl" after an nter2al e'er&ed nto +s
consco)sness1 8+et+er as 8a3n& 2son or as drea' or n so'e ot+er for'.
!o81 as a $ro2sonal +"$ot+ess1 I t+n3 t+at t+s ass)'$ton 8as D)stfed.
4or1 n t+e frst $lace1 t+e 'o'ent of deat+ s1 n t'e1 t+e central $ont of a
cl)ster of abnor'al e#$erences occ)rrn& to $erc$ents at a dstance1 of
8+c+ so'e precede, 8+le ot+ers follo81 t+e deat+G t s nat)ral1 t+erefore1
to s)r'se t+at t+e sa'e e#$lanaton 8ll co2er t+e 8+ole &ro)$1 and t+at
t+e 'ot2e force n eac+ of ts d2sons les n a state of t+e a&ent9 $ror to
bodl" deat+. In t+e second $lace1 so'e of t+e facts of e#$er'ental t+o)&+tC
transference co)ntenance t+e 2e8 t+at transferred '$ressons9 'a" be
latent for a t'e before t+e rec$ent beco'es a8are of t+e'G and recent
dsco2eres 8t+ res$ect to t+e 8+ole s)bDect of a)to'ats' and secondar"
ntell&ence9 'a3e t see' far less '$robable t+an t 8o)ld ot+er8se +a2e
see'ed t+at tele$at+" 'a" ta3e effect frst on t+e )nconsco)s9 $art of t+e
'nd.
*
%nd n t+e t+rd $lace1 t+e $erod of s)$$osed latenc" +as +ii,GI- n a
&ood 'an" nstances been a $erod 8+en t+e $erson affected 8as n act2t"1
and 8+en +s 'nd and senses 8ere ben& solcted b" ot+er t+n&sG and n
s)c+ cases t s s$ecall" eas" to s)$$ose t+at t+e tele$at+c '$resson dd
not &et t+e r&+t condtons for rsn& nto consco)sness )ntl a season of
slence and recueiement arr2ed.
*
B)t t+o)&+ t+e t+eor" of latenc" +as t+)s
a &ood deal to be sad for t1 '" collea&)es and I are 'ost an#o)s not to be
s)$$osed to be $)ttn& for8ard as a do&'a 8+at ')st be re&arded at $resent
'erel" as a 8or3n& +"$ot+ess. Ps"c+cal researc+ s of all s)bDects t+e one
8+ere t s 'ost '$ortant to a2od t+s error1 and to 3ee$ t+e 'nd o$en for
ne8 nter$retatons of t+e facts. %nd n t+e $resent nstance t+ere are certan
defnte obDectons 8+c+ 'a" farl" be 'ade to t+e +"$ot+ess t+at a
tele$at+c '$resson der2ed fro' a d"n& $erson 'a" e'er&e after +o)rs
of latenc". T+e e#$er'ental cases to 8+c+ I +a2e referred as analo&o)s are
fe8 and )ncertan1 and1 'oreo2er1 n t+e' t+e $erod of latenc" +as been
'eas)red b" seconds or 'n)tes1 not b" +o)rs. %nd t+o)&+1 as I +a2e sad1
so'e of t+e nstances of a$$arent dela" a'on& t+e deat+Ccases '&+t be
acco)nted for b" t+e fact t+at t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd or senses needed to be
8t+dra8n fro' ot+er occ)$atons before t+e 'anfestaton co)ld ta3e
$lace1 t+ere are ot+er nstances 8+ere t+s s not so1 and 8+ere no &ro)nd at
all a$$ears for connectn& t+e dela" 8t+ t+e $erc$ent5s condton. On t+e
8+ole1 t+en1 t+e alternat2e +"$ot+esst+at t+e condton of t+e
$+eno'enon on t+e a&ent5s9 sde (be t $s"c+cal or be t $+"scal) s one
8+c+ onl" co'es nto e#stence at a dstnct nter2al after deat+1 and t+at
t+e $erc$ent reall" s '$ressed at t+e 'o'ent1 and not before t+e
'o'ent1 8+en +e s consco)s of t+e '$ressons one 8+c+ ')st be
steadl" 3e$t n 2e8.
(o far I +a2e been s$ea3n& of cases 8+ere t+e nter2al bet8een t+e
deat+ and t+e 'anfestaton 8as so s+ort as to 'a3e t+e t+eor" of latenc"
$ossble. T+e r)le ado$ted n &hantasms o$ the .iving 8as t+at t+s nter2al
')st not e#ceed t8el2e +o)rs. B)t 8e +a2e records of a fe8 cases 8+ere
t+s nter2al +as been &reatl" e#ceeded1 and "et 8+ere t+e fact of t+e deat+
8as stll )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent at t+e t'e of +s e#$erence. T+e t+eor"
of latenc" cannot reasonabl" be a$$led to cases 8+ere 8ee3s or 'ont+s
d2de t+e 2son (or 8+ate2er t 'a" be) fro' t+e 'o'ent of deat+1 8+c+
s t+e latest at 8+c+ an ordnar"
.
tele$at+call" transferred dea co)ld +a2e
obtaned access to t+e $erc$ent. %nd t+e e#stence of s)c+ casesso far as
t tends to establs+ t+e realt" of obDect2el"Cca)sed a$$artons of t+e dead
d'ns+es t+e obDecton to conce2n& t+at t+e a$$earances1 &c1 8+c+
+a2e 2er" s+ortl" $oo#ed deat+ +a2e +ad a dfferent ca)saton fro' t+ose
8+c+ +a2e concded 8t+ or 2er" s+ortl" preceded it. 4or 8e s+all not be
n2entn& a 8+oll" ne8 class for t+e for'er cases1 b)t onl" $ro2sonall"
s+ftn& t+e' fro' one class to anot+erto a ')c+ s'aller and ')c+ less
8ellCe2denced class1 t s tr)e1 b)t one ne2ert+eless for 8+c+ 8e +a2e
e2dence eno)&+ to D)stf" )s n e#$ectn& 'ore.
+ii,GJ-
*0) . T+s1 as I conce2e1 s a so)nd 'et+od of $roceedn& fro' &ro)nd
'ade sec)re n &hantasms o$ the .ivingand retra2ersed n '" o8n D)st
$re2o)s c+a$terto cases closel" analo&o)s1 sa2e for t+at lttle dfference
n time,reations, t+at occ)rrence n t+e +o)rs 8+c+ follo81 nstead of t+e
+o)rs 8+c+ $recede1 bodl" dssol)ton1 8+c+ co)nts for so ')c+ n o)r
ns&+t nto cos'c la8.
*
T+e +"$ot+ess of atency 8+c+ t+)s 'eets )s in imine n t+s nE)r"1
8ll soon be fo)nd nadeE)ate to co2er t+e facts. Yet t 8ll be 8ell to d8ell
so'e8+at 'ore f)ll" )$on ts $ossble ran&e.
It '&+t cond)ce to a clearer 2e8 of t+e facts f 8e co)ld dra8 a c)r2e1
s+o8n& t+e $ro$ortonate n)'ber of a$$artons obser2ed at 2aro)s
$erods before and after deat+. It 8o)ld t+en be seen t+at t+e" ncrease 2er"
ra$dl" for t+e fe8 +o)rs 8+c+ $recede deat+1 and decrease &rad)all"
d)rn& t+e +o)rs and da"s 8+c+ follo8. In t+e $resent state of o)r e2dence1
+o8e2er1 and consdern& all t+e $roble's n2ol2ed1 t+ere 8o)ld $er+a$s be
an affectaton of 'ore e#actness t+an 8e can act)all" attan1 8ere 8e to set
fort+ s)c+ a c)r2e1 e'bod"n& t+e dates1 n reference to deat+1 of all t+e
cases as "et rece2ed b" )s. It 'a" be eno)&+ to sa"1 &enerall"1 t+at f t+e
len&t+ of t+e baseClne re$resents a "ear1 and t+e $ont 8t+ t+e +&+est
ordnate t+e 'o'ent of deat+1 t+e co'$arat2e freE)enc" of 2erdcal
a$$artons '&+t be so'e8+at as follo8sJ

T+at s to sa"1 t+e reco&nsed a$$artons decrease ra$dl" n t+e fe8
da"s after deat+1 t+en 'ore slo8l"G and after abo)t a "ear5s t'e t+e"
beco'e so s$oradc t+at 8e can no lon&er ncl)de t+e' n a steadl"
descendn& lne.
+ii,GK-
Yet one 'ore $ont ')st be to)c+ed on1 to a2od 'sconce$ton of t+e
$+rase cted abo2e1 t+at t+e 'o'ent of deat+ s t+e centre of a cl)ster of
abnor'al e#$erences1 of 8+c+ so'e $recede1 8+le ot+ers follo8 t+e
deat+.9 G)rne"1 of co)rse1 dd not 'ean to ass)'e t+at t+e act of deat+ tself
8as t+e ca)se of all t+ese e#$erences. T+ose 8+c+ occ)r before deat+ 'a"
be ca)sed or condtoned1 not b" t+e deat+ tself1 b)t b" t+e abnor'al state1
as of co'a1 delr)'1 &c.1 8+c+ $receded t+e deat+. T+s 8e sa" beca)se
8e +a2e 'an" nstances 8+ere 2erdcal $+antas's +a2e concded 8t+
'o'ents of crisiscarra&eCaccdents and t+e l3eocc)rrn& to dstant
a&ents1 b)t not follo8ed b" deat+. %ccordn&l" 8e fnd t+at n al'ost all
cases 8+ere a $+antas'1 a$$arentl" 2erdcal1 +as preceded t+e a&ent5s
deat+1 t+at deat+ 8as t+e res)lt of dsease and not of accdent. To t+s r)le
t+ere are 2er" fe8 e#ce$tons. T+ere s a case &2en n &hantasms o$ the
.iving (2ol. . $. ?.)1 8+ere t+e $+antas' see's on t+e e2dence to +a2e
$receded b" abo)t +alfCanC+o)r (lon&t)de allo8ed for) a s)dden deat+ b"
dro8nn&. In t+s case t+e $erc$ent 8as n a !orfol3 far'+o)se1 t+e
dro8nn& 'anor a&ent8as n a stor' off t+e sland of Trstan
d5%c)n+aG and 8e +a2e s)&&ested t+at an error of cloc3s or of obser2aton
'a" acco)nt for t+e dscre$anc". In anot+er case t+e deat+ 8as n a sense a
2olent one1 for t 8as a s)cdeG b)t t+e 'orbdl" e#cted state of t+e &rl a
fe8 +o)rs before deat+8+en +er $+antas' 8as seen8as n tself a state
of crss. B)t t+ere are also a fe8 recorded cases (none of 8+c+ 8ere cted
n &hantasms o$ the .iving) 8+ere a $+antas' or do)ble of so'e $erson +as
been obser2ed so'e da"s $re2o)s to t+at $erson5s accdental deat+. T+e
e2dence obtaned n t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons1 +o8e2er1 tended to s+o8
t+at cases of t+s sort are too fe8 to s)&&est e2en primF $acie a ca)sal
connecton bet8een t+e deat+ and t+e a$$arton (see &roceedings (.P.R.
2ol. #. $. ;;*).
T+)s ')c+ t +as see'ed needf)l to sa" n order to e#$lan t+e dffc)lt"
of re$resentn& b" an" one c)r2ed lne t+e tr)e t'eCrelatons n2ol2ed n
t+s co'$le# 'atter. I no8 $roceed brefl" to re2e8 so'e of t+e cases
8+ere t+e nter2al bet8een deat+ and $+antas' +as been 'eas)rable b"
'n)tes or +o)rs.
It s not eas" to &et defnte cases 8+ere t+e nter2al +as been
'eas)rable b" minutesG for f t+e $erc$ent s at a dstance fro' t+e a&ent
8e can seldo' be s)re t+at t+e cloc3s at bot+ $laces +a2e been correct1 and
correctl" obser2edG 8+le f +e s present 8t+ t+e a&ent 8e can +ii,GL-
rarel" be s)re t+at t+e $+antas' obser2ed s 'ore t+an a 'ere s)bDect2e
+all)cnaton. T+)s 8e +a2e se2eral acco)nts of a r)s+n& so)nd +eard b"
t+e 8atc+er of a d"n& 'an D)st after +s a$$arent deat+1 or of so'e 3nd of
l)'nost" obser2ed near +s $ersonG b)t t+s s D)st t+e 'o'ent 8+en 8e
'a" s)$$ose so'e s)bDect2e +all)cnaton l3el" to occ)r1 and f one
$erson5s senses alone are affected 8e cannot allo8 ')c+ e2dental 8e&+t
to t+e occ)rrence. I 'a" add t+at one of o)r cases (8+c+ I E)ote belo81 n
*+*) s re'ar3able n t+at t+e a)dtor" +all)cnatona so)nd as of fe'ale
2oces &entl" sn&n&8as +eard b" f2e $ersonsb" fo)r of t+e'1 as t
see's1 nde$endentl"and n t8o $laces1 on dfferent sdes of t+e +o)se. %t
t+e sa'e t'e1 one $ersont+e Eton 'aster 8+ose 'ot+er +ad D)st ded1
and 8+o 8as t+erefore $res)'abl" n a fra'e of 'nd 'ore $rone to
+all)cnaton t+an t+e $+"scan1 'atron1 frend1 or ser2ants 8+o act)all"
dd +ear t+e sn&n&+'self +eard not+n& at all. In t+s case t+e $+"scan
felt no do)bt t+at /rs. L. 8as act)all" deadG and n fact t 8as d)rn& t+e
la"n& o)t of t+e bod" t+at t+e so)nds occ)rred. In ncl)dn& t+s case and
s'lar collect2e ones n &hantasms o$ the .iving, G)rne" e#$ressl" stated
(2ol. $$. *@>K@.) t+at +e dd so beca)se n +s 2e8 t+e" n2ol2ed at least
an ele'ent of t+o)&+tCtransference bet8een t+e l2n& 'nds of t+e
$erc$ents1 8+ate2er ot+er nfl)ence 'a" or 'a" not +a2e $roceeded fro'
t+e deceased $erson. B)t f 8e are fndn& reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e
deceased $erson5s $o8er of nfl)encn& ot+er 'nds 'a" $ersst after deat+1
t see's reasonable to d8ell on t+at as$ect of s)c+ an ncdent as t+s.
*
*09 . T+ere are so'e ot+er crc)'stances also n 8+c+1 n s$te of t+e
fact t+at t+e deat+ s alread" 3no8n1 a +all)cnaton occ)rrn& s+ortl"
after8ards 'a" +a2e so'e sl&+t e2dental 2al)e. T+)s 8e +a2e a case
8+ere a lad" 8+o 3ne8 t+at +er sster +ad ded a fe8 +o)rs $re2o)sl"1 b)t
8+o 8as not +erself n an" 'orbdl" e#cted condton1 see'ed to see so'e
one enter +er o8n dnn&Croo'1 o$enn& and s+)ttn& t+e door. T+e
$erc$ent (8+o +ad ne2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton) 8as ')c+
astons+ed 8+en s+e fo)nd no one n t+e dnn&Croo'G b)t t dd not tll
so'e t'e after8ards occ)r to +er t+at t+e ncdent co)ld be n an" 8a"
connected 8t+ +er recent loss. T+s re'nds )s of a case (. $. B@<
.
) 8+ere
t+e Re2. R. /. -ll sees a tall f&)re r)s+ nto t+e roo'1 8+c+ alar's and
s)r$rses +'1 t+en 2ans+es before +e +as t'e to reco&nse t. +ii,GM- %n
)ncle1 a tall 'an1 des abo)t t+at 'o'ent1 and t s re'ar3ed t+at alt+o)&+
/r. -ll 3ne8 +s )ncle to be ll1 t+e an#et" 8+c+ +e 'a" +a2e felt 8o)ld
+ardl" +a2e &2en rse to an )nreco&nsed and for'dable a$$arton.
T+ere are cases also 8+ere a $erc$ent 8+o +as +ad an a$$arton of a
frend s+ortl" after t+at frend5s 3no8n deat+ +as +ad veridica
+all)cnatons at ot+er t'es1 and +as ne2er +ad an" +all)cnaton of $)rel"
s)bDect2e or&n. ()c+ a $erc$ent 'a" nat)rall" s)$$ose t+at +s
a$$arton of t+e de$arted frend $ossessed t+e sa'e 2erdcal c+aracter
8+c+ 8as co''on to t+e rest1 alt+o)&+ t 8as not per se e2dental1 snce
t+e fact of t+e deat+ 8as alread" 3no8n.
4or t+e $resent1 +o8e2er1 t 8ll be better to ret)rn to t+e cases 8+c+
are free fro' t+s '$ortant primF $acie dra8bac3cases 8+ere t+e
$erc$ent 8as1 at an" rate1 )na8are t+at t+e deat+1 8+c+ t+e $+antas'
see'ed to ndcate1 +ad n fact ta3en $lace.
*10 . In t+e frst $lace1 t+ere are a fe8 cases 8+ere a $erc$ent s
nfor'ed of a deat+ b" a 2erdcal $+antas'1 and t+en so'e +o)rs
after8ards a s'lar $+antas'1 dffern& $er+a$s n detal1 rec)rs.
()c+ 8as t+e case of %rc+deacon 4arler (. $. <*<)1 8+o t#ice d)rn&
one n&+t sa8 t+e dr$$n& f&)re of a frend 8+o1 as t t)rned o)t1 +ad been
dro8ned d)rn& t+e $re2o)s da". E2en t+e frst a$$earance 8as se2eral
+o)rs after t+e deat+1 b)t t+s 8e '&+t e#$lan b" t+e latenc" of t+e
'$resson tll a season of E)et. T+e second a$$earance 'a" +a2e been a
3nd of recr)descence of t+e frstG b)t f t+e t+eor" of latenc" be dscarded1
so t+at t+e $irst a$$earance (f 'ore t+an a 'ere c+anceCconcdence) s +eld
to de$end )$on so'e ener&" e#cted b" t+e deceased $erson after deat+1 t
8o)ld afford so'e &ro)nd for re&ardn& t+e second a$$earance as also
2erdcal. T+e f&)re n t+s case 8as once 'ore seen a fortn&+t later1 and
on t+s occason1 as %rc+deacon 4arler nfor's 'e1 n ordnar" &arb1 8t+
no s$ecal trace of accdent.
% s'lar re$etton occ)rs (as noted b" G)rne"1 2ol. . $. .;=1 note) n
t+e cases of /aDor /oncreff (. $. <*?)G of /r. Re)le'ans (. $. <<<)1
8+ere t+e second $+antas' 8as +eld b" t+e $erc$ent to con2e" a fres+
2erdcal $ct)reG of /r. -erna'an (. $. ?B*)1 8+ere1 +o8e2er1 t+e a&ent
8as aive, t+o)&+ d"n&1 at t+e t'e of eac+ a$$earanceG n t+e case of /rs.
Ells (. $. ?@)G n t+e case of /rs. ,. (. $. <B=)G of /rs. 4ar'an (. $.
<A.)1 and of /r. 4. 7. 7ones (. $. ?>>)1 8+ere t+e deat+ 8as a&an d)e to
dro8nn&1 and t+e act of d"n& cannot1 t+erefore1 +a2e been 2er" $rolon&ed.
6e 'a" note also /rs. Reed5s case (. $. .;=)1 8+ere a $+anto' s seen
t+ree t'es1 t+e frst t8o 2sons ben& a$$arentl" abo)t t+e t'e of deat+1
t+e t+rd (occ)rrn& to a dfferent $erc$ent1 8+et+er independenty or not s
not clear) a fe8 +o)rs later. %nd n Ca$tan %"re5s case (. $. .?B)1 a
$+anto' seen b" one $erc$ent at abo)t t+e t'e of t+e a&ent5s deat+ s
follo8ed b" +all)cnator" sounds +eard b" t+e sa'e and b" anot+er
$erc$ent for so'e t+ree +o)rs lon&er1 +ii,GN- tll t+e ne8s of t+e deat+
arr2es. In t+e case of /rs. Co#1 a&an (. $. .;?)1 a c+ld sees a $+anto' at
abo)t @ P./.1 and /rs. Co# sees t+e sa'e f&)re1 b)t n a dfferent attt)de1
at abo)t 'dn&+t1 t+e e#act +o)r of t+e corres$ondn& deat+ ben&
)n3no8n. In t+e case of /ss -arrss (. $. **=)1 a +all)cnator" voice,
abo)t t+e t'e of t+e deat+1 b)t not s)&&estn& t+e decedent1 s follo8ed b"
a dream t+e ne#t n&+t1 8+c+ $resents t+e dead $erson as n t+e act of
d"n&. One or t8o ot+er cases '&+t be added to t+s lst1 and t s $lan t+at
t+e 'atter s one to8ards 8+c+ obser2aton s+o)ld be s$ecall" drected.
*11 . T)rnn& no8 to t+e cases 8+ere t+e $+antas' s not re$eated1 b)t
occ)rs so'e +o)rs after deat+1 let )s ta3e a fe8 narrat2es 8+ere t+e nter2al
of t'e s $rett" certan1 and consder +o8 far t+e +"$ot+ess of atency
loo3s $robable n eac+ nstance.
6+ere t+ere s no act)al +all)cnaton1 b)t onl" a feeln& of )nE)e
maaise or dstress follo8n& at a fe8 +o)rs5 nter2al on a frend5s deat+ at a
dstance1 as n %rc+deacon 6lson5s case (. $. .A>)1 t s 2er" +ard to
$ct)re to o)rsel2es 8+at +as ta3en $lace. (o'e nD)ro)s s+oc3
co'')ncated to t+e $erc$ent5s bran at t+e 'o'ent of t+e a&ent5s deat+
'a" conce2abl" +a2e slo8l" 8or3ed tself nto consco)sness. T+e dela"
'a" +a2e been d)e1 so to sa"1 to $+"solo&cal rat+er t+an to $s"c+cal
ca)ses.
!e#t ta3e a case l3e t+at of /rs. 6+eatcroft (. $. <.>)1 or of /rs.
E2ens (. $. B@>)1 or /r. 6n&feld (E)oted n +(9 C)1 or (ster Bert+a
(E)oted belo8 n *+3 A)1 8+ere a defnte +all)cnaton of s&+t or so)nd
occ)rs so'e +o)rs after t+e deat+1 b)t n t+e 'ddle of t+e n&+t. It s n a
case of t+s sort t+at 8e can 'ost readl" s)$$ose t+at a tele$at+c '$act9
rece2ed d)rn& t+e da" +as lan dor'ant )ntl ot+er e#ctatons 8ere
+)s+ed1 and +as e#ternalsed tself as a +all)cnaton after t+e frst slee$1 D)st
as 8+en 8e 8a3e fro' a frst slee$ so'e s)bDect of nterest or an#et"1
8+c+ +as been t+r)st o)t of o)r t+o)&+ts d)rn& t+e da"1 8ll often 8ell
)$8ards nto consco)sness 8t+ E)te a ne8 dstnctness and force. B)t on
t+e ot+er +and1 n t+e case (for nstance) of /rs. Teale (. $. B@;)1 t+ere s a
defer'ent of so'e e&+t +o)rs1 and t+en t+e +all)cnaton occ)rs 8+le t+e
$erc$ent s sttn& 8de a8a3e n t+e 'ddle of +er fa'l". %nd n one of
t+e 'ost re'ar3able drea'Ccases n o)r collecton (&2en n secton +(*)1
/rs. (tore5s e#$erence does not rese'ble t+e 'ere e'er&ence of a latent
'$resson. It s lon& and co'$le#1 and s)&&ests so'e sort of clar2o"anceG
b)t f t be tele$at+c clar2o"ance19 t+at s1 a $ct)re transferred fro' t+e
decedent5s 'nd1 t+en t al'ost reE)res )s to s)$$ose t+at a post,mortem
$ct)re 8as t+)s transferred1 a 2e8 of t+e accdent and ts conseE)ences
$uer t+an an" 8+c+ co)ld +a2e flas+ed t+ro)&+ t+e d"n& 'an5s 'nd
d)rn& +s 'o'ent of s)dden and 2olent deat+ fro' t+e str3n& off of t+e
to$ of t+e s3)ll9 b" a ral8a" tran.
If once 8e ass)'e t+at t+e deceased $erson5s 'nd co)ld contn)e to +ii,
GO- act on l2n& $ersons after +s bodl" deat+1 t+en t+e conf)sed +orror of
t+e seres of $ct)res 8+c+ 8ere $resented to /rs. (tore5s 2e8'#ed1 t
s+o)ld be sad1 8t+ an ele'ent of $resh departure 8+c+ t+ere 8as not+n&
n t+e accdent tself to s)&&est8o)ld corres$ond 8ell eno)&+ to 8+at one
can 'a&ne a 'an5s feeln&s a fe8 +o)rs after s)c+ a deat+ to be. T+s s
tres$assn&1 no do)bt1 on +aNardo)s &ro)ndG b)t f once 8e ad't
co'')ncaton fro' t+e ot+er sde of deat+ as a 8or3n& +"$ot+ess1 8e
')st allo8 o)rsel2es to 'a&ne so'et+n& as to t+e attt)de of t+e
co'')ncatn& 'nd1 and t+e least 2olent s)$$oston 8ll be t+at t+at
'nd s stll n $art at least occ)$ed 8t+ t+e sa'e t+o)&+ts 8+c+ last
occ)$ed t on eart+. T+e case cted belo8 (n *++) of t+e &ardener Bard and
/rs. de 4rU2lle 8ell ll)strates t+s 2e8. %nd t s $ossble t+at t+ere 'a"
be so'e nter$retaton of t+s 3nd for so'e of t+e cases 8+ere a f)neral
scene1 or a dead bod"1 s 8+at t+e $+antas' $resents. In t+e re'ar3able case
n ''+ 8+ere a lad" sees t+e bod" of a 8ellC3no8n London $+"scan
abo)t ten +o)rs after deat+l"n& n a bare )nf)rns+ed roo' (a cotta&e
+os$tal abroad)1 t+e descr$ton1 as 8e +a2e t1 8o)ld certanl" ft best 8t+
so'e 3nd of tele$at+c clar2o"ance $rolon&ed after deat+so'e $o8er on
t+e deceased $erson5s $art to ca)se t+e $erc$ent to s+are t+e $ct)re 8+c+
'&+t at t+at 'o'ent be occ)$"n& +s o8n 'nd.
*1( . It 8ll be seen t+at t+ese $+eno'ena are not of so s'$le a t"$e as
to ad't of o)r consdern& t+e' fro' t+e $ont of 2e8 of time,reations
alone. 6+ate2er else1 ndeed1 a &+ost9 'a" be1 t s $robabl" one of t+e
'ost co'$le# $+eno'ena n nat)re. It s a f)ncton of t8o )n3no8n
2arablest+e ncarnate s$rt5s senst2t" and t+e dscarnate s$rt5s
ca$act" of selfC'anfestaton. O)r atte'$t1 t+erefore1 to st)d" s)c+
nterco)rse 'a" be&n at et+er end of t+e co'')ncaton8t+ t+e
$erc$ent or 8t+ t+e a&ent. 6e s+all +a2e to as31 -o8 does t+e ncarnate
'nd rece2e t+e 'essa&eW and 8e s+all +a2e to as3 also1 -o8 does t+e
dscarnate 'nd or&nate and con2e" tW
!o8 t s b" $ressn& t+e $ormer of t+ese t8o E)estons t+at 8e +a2e1 I
t+n31 t+e best c+ance at $resent of &ann& fres+ l&+t. (o lon& as 8e are
consdern& t+e ncarnate 'nd 8e are1 to so'e e#tent at least1 on 3no8n
&ro)ndG and 8e 'a" +o$e to dscern analo&es n so'e ot+er a'on& t+at
'nd5s o$eratons to t+at $ossbl" 'ost $er$le#n& of all ts o$eratons
8+c+ conssts n ta3n& co&nsance of 'essa&es fro' )ne'boded 'nds1
and fro' an )nseen 8orld. I t+n31 t+erefore1 t+at t+e s)rest 8a"1 t+o)&+
'ost abo)t19 as Bacon 8o)ld sa"1 to t+e co'$re+enson of t+s s)dden and
startln& $+eno'enon les n t+e st)d" of ot+er rare 'ental $+eno'ena
8+c+ can be obser2ed 'ore at les)re1 D)st as t+e s)rest 8a"1 t+o)&+ 'ost
abo)t19 to t+e co'$re+enson of so'e blaNn& naccessble star +as lan n
t+e $atent st)d" of t+e s$ectra of t+e ncandescence of terrestral s)bstances
8+c+ le abo)t o)r feet. I a' n +o$es t+at b" t+e st)d" of 2aro)s for's of
s)bl'nal consco)sness1 s)bl'nal fac)lt"1 s)bl'nal $erce$ton1 8e
'a" )lt'atel" obtan a +ii,HP- conce$ton of o)r o8n total ben& and
o$eraton 8+c+ 'a" s+o8 )s t+e ncarnate 'nd5s $erce$ton of t+e
dscarnate 'nd5s 'essa&e as no solated ano'al"1 b)t an orderl" e#ercse
of nat)ral and nnate $o8ers1 freE)entl" obser2ed n acton n so'e8+at
s'lar 8a"s.
It s1 I sa"1 fro' t+s +)'an or terrene sde t+at I s+o)ld $refer1 8ere t
$ossble1 to st)d" n t+e frst nstance all o)r cases. Co)ld 8e not onl" s+are
b)t nter$ret t+e $erc$ent5s s)bDect2e feeln&s1 co)ld 8e co'$are t+ose
feeln&s 8t+ t+e feeln&s e2o3ed b" ordnar" 2son or tele$at+" a'on&
l2n& 'en1 8e '&+t &et at a 'ore nt'ate 3no8led&e of 8+at s
+a$$enn& t+an an" obser2aton fro' o)tsde of t+e detals of an a$$arton
can s)$$l". B)t t+s1 of co)rse1 s not $ossble n an" s"ste'atc 8a"G
occasonal &l'$ses1 nferences1 co'$arsons1 are all t+at 8e can attan to as
"et. On t+e ot+er +and1 t s co'$arat2el" eas" to arran&e t+e 8+ole &ro)$
of o)r cases n so'e seres de$endn& on t+er obser2ed e#ternal c+aracter
and detals. T+e" can1 ndeed1 be arran&ed n 'ore t+an one seres of t+s
3ndt+e dffc)lt" s n selectn& t+e 'ost nstr)ct2e. T+at 8+c+ I s+all
+ere select s n so'e $onts arbtrar"1 b)t t +as t+e ad2anta&e of brn&n&
o)t t+e 8de ran&e of 2araton n t+e clearness and content of t+ese
a$$artonal co'')ncatons1 +ere arran&ed 'anl" n a descendn& seres1
be&nnn& 8t+ t+ose cases 8+ere f)llest 3no8led&e or $)r$ose s s+o8n1
and endn& 8t+ t+ose 8+ere t+e ndcaton of ntell&ence beco'es feeblest1
d"n& a8a" at last nto 2a&)e so)nds and s&+ts 8t+o)t reco&nsable
s&nfcance.
*13 . B)t I s+all be&n (see *13 A ) 8t+ a s'all &ro)$ of cases1 8+c+ I
ad't to be ano'alo)s and nonCe2dentalfor 8e cannot $ro2e t+at t+e"
8ere 'ore t+an s)bDect2e e#$erences"et 8+c+ certanl" s+o)ld not be
lost1 flln& as t+e" do1 n all t+er &rotesE)eness1 a nc+e n o)r seres
ot+er8se as "et 2acant. If 'an5s s$rt s se$arated at deat+ fro' +s
or&ans'1 t+ere ')st needs be cases 8+ere t+at se$araton1 alt+o)&+
a$$arentl"1 s not reall" co'$lete. T+ere ')st be s)bDect2e sensatons
corres$ondn& to t+e obDect2e e#ternal facts of a$$arent deat+ and
s)bseE)ent res)sctaton. !or need t s)r$rse t+ose 8+o 'a" +a2e follo8ed
'" &eneral ar&)'ent1 f t+ose s)bDect2e sensatons s+o)ld $ro2e to be
drea'l3e and fantastc. -ere1 as so often n o)r nE)res1 t+e 2er" oddt"
and )ne#$ectedness of t+e detalst+e absence of t+at sole'nt" 8+c+ one
8o)ld t+n3 t+e d"n& 'an5s o8n 'nd 8o)ld +a2e nf)sed nto t+e
occason'a" $ont to t+e e#stence of so'e realt" beneat+ t+e &rotesE)e
s"'bols' of t+e transtonal drea'.
T+e transtonal drea'1 I call t1 for t see's to 'e not '$robable
re'ote t+o)&+ s)c+ a 2e8 'a" be fro' c)rrent notonst+at t+e $assa&e
fro' one state to anot+er 'a" so'et'es be acco'$aned 8t+ so'e
te'$orar" lac3 of adD)st'ent bet8een e#$erences ta3n& $lace n s)c+
dfferent en2ron'entsbet8een t+e s"ste's of s"'bols' belon&n& to
t+e one and to t+e ot+er state. B)t t+e reason 8+" I refer to t+e cases n t+s
$lace s t+at +ere 8e +a2e $er+a$s o)r nearest $ossble +ii,HG- a$$roac+n
/. Bertrand5s case t+e acco)nt1 b)t for re'oteness1 '&+t +a2e been
e2dental eno)&+to t+e sensatons of t+e s$rt 8+c+ s endea2o)rn& to
'anfest tselfGan nsde 2e8 of a 8o)ldCbe a$$arton. T+e narrat2es
s)&&est1 'oreo2er1 t+at s$rts recentl" freed fro' t+e bod" 'a" enDo" a
f)ller $erce$ton of eart+l" scenes t+an t s after8ards $ossble to retan1
and t+at t+)s t+e $redo'nance of a$$artons of t+e recenty dead 'a" be to
so'e e#tent e#$laned.
*1+ . 6e +a2e1 ndeed1 2er" fe8 cases 8+ere act)al a$$artons &2e
e2dence of an" continuity n t+e 3no8led&e $ossessed b" a s$rt of frends
on eart+. ()c+ e2dence s1 nat)rall" eno)&+1 'ore often f)rns+ed b"
a)to'atc scr$t or )tterance. B)t t+ere s one case 8+ere a s$rt s recorded
as a$$earn& re$eatedl"n &)ardan an&el fas+onand es$ecall" as
foreseen& and s"'$at+sn& 8t+ t+e s)r22or5s f)t)re 'arra&e.
T+e acco)nt of t+s case1 &2en b" /r. E. /a'tc+tc+1 s ta3en fro' t+e
Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons9 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.
$$. ;A=K@*.
(T. PETER(B:RG1 Apri HOth, *A@*.
Co''e l s5a&ra des a$$artons de Pallada1 De dos dre a)$ara2ant
E)elE)es 'ots s)r sa $ersonne. Elle Utat la flle d5)n rc+e $ro$rUtare
r)sse1 'ort )n 'os a2ant sa nassance. (a 'Pre1 dans son dUses$or1 2o)a
son enfant f)t)r a) co)2ent. ,e la son no'1 )stU $ar' les rel&e)ses.
,e)# ans a$rPs1 sa 'Pre 'o)r)t1 et l5or$+elne1 D)sE)5a l5g&e de *< ans1 f)t
Ule2Ue dans )n co)2ent de /osco) $ar sa tante1 E) en Utat la s)$Ure)re.
LTransation M
En *A=>1 Utant encore Ut)dant a l5)n2erstU de /osco)1 De fs la
connassance d) frPre de Pallada1 Ut)dant co''e 'o1 et l f)t so)2ent
E)eston entre no)s de rendre a la socUtU la nonne 'al&rP soG 'as ce $lan
ne f)t rUalsU E)5en *A=.. 75Utas 2en) en UtU a /osco)1 $o)r 2or
l5e#$oston1 et D5" rencontra $ar +asard le frPre de Pallada. 75a$$rs E)5l
Utat en tran de l5en2o"er en Cr'Ue $o)r ca)se de santU1 et De le seconda de
'on 'e)#. C5est alors E)e De 2s Pallada $o)r la $re'Pre fosG elle a2at
*< ansG E)oE)e +a)te de talle1 elle Utat fort c+Ut2e et dUDa $otrnare. % la
$rPre de son frPre1 D5acco'$a&na Pallada et sa sQ)r1 /'e. P.(.1 en
Cr'Ue1 oo elles restPrent $o)r $asser l5+2er1 et 'o1 de)# se'anes a$rPs1
De re2ns a Reff. LTransation M
En UtU *A=; De rencontra $ar +asard Pallada et sa sQ)r a Odessa1 oo
elles Utaent 2en)es $o)r cons)lter les 'Udecns1 E)oE)e Pallada a2at l5ar
de se $orter asseN ben. Le .= %ont1 $endant E)e De fasas la lect)re a)#
de)# da'es1 Pallada 'o)r)t s)bte'ent d5)n anU2rs'e1 a Pg&e de *? ans.
LTransation M
,e)# ans a$rPs la 'ort de Pallada1 en *A=?1 'e tro)2ant a Reff1 l
'5arr2a1 $ar )ne sorUe d) 'os de ,Uce'bre1 d5assster $o)r la $re'Pre
fos a )ne sUance s$rtE)eG D5entends des co)$s dans la tableG cela ne
'5Utonna n)lle'ent1 car D5Utat snr E)e c5Utat )ne $lasantere. ,e reto)r
c+eN 'o1 De 2o)l)s 2or s les 'O'es co)$s se $rod)raent c+eN 'oG De 'e
's dans la 'O'e $ose1 les 'ans s)r la table. Bentbt des co)$s se frent
entendre. I'tant le $rocUdU5 dont D5a2as UtU le te'on1 De co''enpa a
rUcter l5al$+abetG le no' de Pallada 'e f)t ndE)U. 7e f)s UtonnU1 $resE)e
effra"U ne $o)2ant 'e tranE)llser1 De 'e 's de no)2ea) a la table1 et De
de'anda a Pallada1 E)5a2atCelle a 'e dreW La rU$onse f)tJ 7epacer
Qange, i tombe. 7e ne +ii,HH- co'$rs $as de s)te de E)o l s5a&ssat. Le
fat est E)5elle est enterrUe a Reff1 et D5a2as entend) dre E)5on 2o)lat
'ettre )n 'on)'ent s)r sa to'be1 'as De n5" a2as Da'as UtU1 et De ne
sa2as $as de E)el &enre Utat le 'on)'ent. %$rPs cette rU$onse1 De ne 'e
co)c+a $l)s1 et dPs E)e le Do)r $ar)t De 'e rends a) c'etPre. !on sans
$ene1 a2ec l5ade d) &arden1 De dUco)2rs enfn la to'be enfo)e so)s la
ne&e. 7e '5arrOta st)$UfUJ la stat)e en 'arbre de l5an&e a2ec )ne cro# Utat
to)t a fat de cbtU. LTransation M
,e$)s ce 'o'ent1 l 'e f)t $ro)2U a l5U2dence E)5l " a )n a)tre
'onde a2ec leE)el1 De ne sas co''ent1 no)s $o)2ons entrer en ra$$ort1 et
dont les +abtants $e)2ent no)s donner de telles $re)2es de le)r e#stence
E)5elles dUsar'ent le sce$tcs'e le $l)s tenace. LTransation M
En Octobre1 *A=B1 De 'e tro)2as a Reff1 et D5Utas en tran de '5nstaller
dans )n no)2ea) lo&e'ent (r)e ProrUsna"a) a2ec 'on ca'arade de ser2ce
a) /nstPre de la 7)stce1 /. Potolof. On 2enat de '5a$$orter )n $anno.
Il f)t $lacU dans la salle1 et De 'e 's a Do)erG l Utat a $e) $rPs A +. d) sorG
la salle oo De Do)as Utat UclarUe $ar )ne la'$e $end)e a) ')r. % cbtU se
tro)2at 'on cabnet de tra2al1 UclarU a)ss $ar )ne la'$e. 7e 'e ra$$elle
trPs ben E)e D5Utas de fort bonne +)'e)r. /on ca'arade1 /. Potolof1 Utat
occ)$U a sa table1 a l5a)tre bo)t d) lo&s. To)tes les $ortes Utaent o)2ertes1
et de sa $lace l $o)2at 2or trPs ben le cabnet et la salle oo De Do)as.
*
7etant )n re&ard 2ers la $orte de 'on cabnet de tra2al1 De 2s to)t a co)$
Pallada. Elle se tenat a) 'le) de la $orte1 )n $e) de cbtU1 a2ec le 2sa&e
to)rnU 2ers 'o. Elle 'e re&ardat tranE)lle'ent. Elle a2at la 'O'e robe
foncUe E)5elle $ortat lorsE)5elle 'o)r)t en 'a $rUsence. (a 'an drote
$endat lbre'ent. 7e 2o"as dstncte'ent ses U$a)les et sa talle1 'as ne
'e ra$$elle $as d) bas de son +abt1 et a2asCDe 2) les $edsW$e)tCOtre1
$arce E)e to)t le te'$s De l) re&ardas dans les "e)#. En la 2o"ant1 D5a2as
to)t a fat o)blU5 E)e De 2o"as de2ant 'o non )ne $ersonne 22ante1 'as
'orte1 telle'ent De la 2o"as dstncte'entG elle Utat UclarUe de de)# cbtUsG
et dIa)tant $l)s D5a la 2)e trPs bonne. /a $re'Pre sensaton f)t )n frsson
dans le dos. 7e f)s co''e $UtrfU et 'a res$raton f)t s)s$end)eG 'as ce
n5Utat $as )n effet ca)sU $ar la fra"e)r o) l5e#ctaton1c5Utat E)elE)e
c+ose d5a)tre. 7e $)s co'$arer cela a la sensaton E)e D5U$ro)2e E)and De
re&arde en bas d5)ne &rande +a)te)rG De sens alors )ne terrble an#UtU et en
'O'e te'$s De ne $)s 'e retenr de re&arder1 E)elE)e c+ose '5attre
n2ncble'ent. Co'ben de te'$s Pallada resta de2ant 'o1 De ne sa)ras
le dre1 'as De 'e ra$$elle E)5elle ft )n 'o)2e'ent a drote et ds$ar)t
derrPre la $orte d) cabnet d) tra2al. 7e 'e $rUc$ta 2ers elle1 'as dans
la $orte De '5arrOta1 car alors se)le'ent De 'e ra$$ela E)5elle Utat dUDa
'orte1 et De cra&na d5entrer1 Utant snr de la re2or. ,ans ce 'o'ent 'on
ca'arade 2nt a 'o et 'e de'anda E)5estCce E)e D5a2asW 7e l) ds ce E)
2enat de se $asserG alors no)s entrg'es a) cabnet1 oo no)s ne tro)2g'es
$ersonne. /on ca'arade1 a"ant entend) la br)sE)e nterr)$ton de 'on De)1
a2at le2U la tOte et1 tant E)e De 'e ra$$elle1 dsat a2or 2) a)ss E)elE)5)n
$asser de2ant la $orte de 'on cabnetG 'as1 2o"ant 'on e#ctaton1 l 'e
dt1 $o)r 'e tranE)llser1 E)e $robable'ent c5Utat !3ta1 'on do'estE)e1
E) Utat 2en) arran&er la la'$e. !o)s allg'es ''Udate'ent dans sa
c+a'bre1 l n5" Utat $asG l Utat en bas1 dans la c)sne1 oo l +ii,HI-
$rU$arat le sa'o2ar. Vola co''ent De 2s Pallada $o)r la $re'Pre fos1
tros ans a$rPs sa 'ort. LTransation M
%$rPs la $re'Pre a$$arton de Pallada1 en Octobre1 *A=B1 et D)sE)5a
$rUsent1 De la 2os so)2ent. Il arr2e E)e De la 2os tros fos $ar se'ane1 o)
de)# fos le 'O'e Do)r1 o) ben )n 'os se $asse sans la 2or. En rUs)'U1
2ola les trats $rnc$a)# de ces a$$artons. LTransation M
(*) Pallada a$$arat to)Do)rs d5)ne fapon nattend)e1 'e $renant co''e
$ar s)r$rse1 D)ste a) 'o'ent E)and D5" $ense le 'ons. LTransation M
(.) X)and De 2e)# la 2or 'oC'O'e1 D5a bea) " $enser o) le 2o)lor
elle n5a$$arat $as. LTransation M
(;) % de rares e#ce$tons1 son a$$arton n5a a)c)n ra$$ort a2ec le
co)rant de 'a 2e1 co''e $rUsa&e o) a2ertsse'ent de E)elE)5 U2Une'ent
nsolte. LTransation M
(<) 7a'as De ne la 2os en son&e. LTransation M
(?) 7e la 2os U&ale'ent E)and De s)s se)l1 o) en &rande co'$a&ne.
LTransation M
(B) Elle '5a$$arat to)Do)rs a2ec la 'O'e e#$resson serene des "e)#G
E)elE)es fos a2ec )n fable so)rre. Elle ne '5a Da'as $arlU1 a l5e#ce$ton
de de)# fos1 E)e De 2as raconter $l)s lon. LTransation M
(=) 7e la 2os to)Do)rs dans la robe foncUe E)5elle $ortat lorsE)5elle
'o)r)t so)s 'es "e)#. 7e 2os dstncte'ent son 2sa&e1 sa tOte1 les U$a)les
et les bras1 'as De ne 2os $as ses $eds1 o) $l)tbt De n5a $as le te'$s de le
e#a'ner. LTransation M
(A) C+aE)e fos1 en 2o"ant Pallada no$nU'ent1 De $erds la $arole1 De
sens d) frod dans le dos1 De $gls1 De '5Ucre fable'ent1 et 'a res$raton
s5arrOte (c5est ce E)e 'e dsent ce)# E) $ar +asard '5ont obser2U $endant ce
'o'ent). LTransation M
(@) L5a$$arton de Pallada se $rolon&e )ne1 de)#1 tros 'n)tes1 $)s
&rad)elle'ent elle s5efface et se dsso)t dans l5es$ace. LTransation M
% $rUsent De 2as dUcrre tros cas d5a$$artons de Pallada dont De 'e
so)2ens ben. LTransation M
(*) En *A=@1 a la fn de !o2e'bre1 a Reff1 D5Utas asss a 'on b)rea) a
Ucrre )n acte d5acc)satonG l Utat As d) sor1 la 'ontre Utat de2ant 'o s)r
la table. 7e 'e +gtas de fnr 'on tra2al1 car a @ +. De de2as 'e rendre a
)ne sorUe. To)t a co)$1 en face de 'o1 assse s)r )n fa)te)l1 De 2s
PalladaG elle a2at le co)de d) bras drot s)r la table et la tOte a$$)"Ue s)r la
'an. /5Utant re's de 'on sassse'ent1 De re&arda la 'ontre et De s)2s
le 'o)2e'ent de l5a&)lle a seconde1 $)s De rele2a les "e)# s)r PalladaG De
2s E)5elle n5a2at $as c+an&U de $ose et son co)de se dessnat clare'ent
s)r la table. (es "e)# 'e re&ardaent a2ec Doe et sUrUntU alors $o)r la
$re'Pre fos De 'e dUcda de l) $arlerJ X)e senteNC2o)s a $resentW9 l)
de'andaCDe. (on 2sa&e resta '$assble1 ses lP2res1 tant E)e De 'e
ra$$elle1 restPrent ''obles1 'as D5entends dstncte'ent sa 2o#
$rononcer le 'ot X)Ut)de.9 7e co'$rends19 l) rU$ondsCDe1 et
effect2e'ent1 en ce 'o'ent1 De co'$renas to)te la s&nfcaton E)5elle
a2at 'se dans ce 'ot. Encore )ne fos1 $o)r Otre snr E)e De ne rO2a $as1 De
re&arda de no)2ea) la 'ontre et De s)2s les 'o)2e'ents de l5a&)lle a
secondeG De 2o"as clare'ent co''e elle se 'o)2at. %"ant ra$$ortU 'on
re&ard s)r Pallada1 De re'arE)a E)5elle co''enpat dUDa a s5effacer et
ds$arattre. ( De '5Utas a2sU de noter ''Udate'ent la s&nfcaton d)
'ot X)Ut)de19 'a 'U'ore a)rat reten) to)t ce E)5l " a2at de no)2ea)
et d5Utran&e. /as a $ene a2asCDe E)ttU la table $o)r 'onter en +a)t1 c+eN
'on ca'arade %$o)3tne1 a2ec leE)el no)s de2ons aller ense'ble1 E)e De
ne $)s l) dre a)tre c+ose E)e ce E)e De 2ens d5Ucrre. LTransation M
(.) En *AA?1 De de'e)ras c+eN 'es $arents1 a )ne ca'$a&ne d)
&o)2erne'ent +ii,HJ- de Polta2a. :ne da'e de notre connassance Utat
2en)e $asser c+eN no)s E)elE)es Do)rs a2ec ses de)# de'oselles. X)elE)e
te'$s a$rPs le)r arr2Ue1 '5Utant rU2ellU a l5a)be d) Do)r1 De 2s Pallada (De
dor'as dans )ne ale sU$arUe oo D5Utas to)t se)l). Elle se tenat de2ant 'o1
a cnE $as a $e) $rPs1 et 'e re&ardat a2ec )n so)rre Do"e)#. (5Utant
a$$roc+Ue de 'o1 elle 'e dt de)# 'otsJ 75a UtU1 D5a 2)19 et to)t en
so)rant ds$ar)t. X)e 2o)Claent dre ces 'ots1 De ne $)s le co'$rendre.
,ans 'a c+a'bre dor'at a2ec 'o 'on setter. ,Ps E)e D5a$erp)s Pallada1
le c+en +Urssa le $ol et a2ec &la$sse'ent sa)ta s)r 'on ltG se $ressant
2ers 'o1 l re&ardat dans la drecton oo De 2o"as Pallada. Le c+en
n5abo"at $as1 tands E)e1 ordnare'ent1 l ne lassat $ersonne entrer dans
la c+a'bre sans abo"er et &ro&ner. Et to)tes les fos1 E)and 'on c+en
2o"at Pallada1 l se $ressat a)$rPs de 'o1 co''e c+erc+ant )n ref)&e.
X)and Pallada ds$ar)t et De 2ns dans la 'ason1 De ne ds ren a $ersonne
de cette ncdent. Le sor d) 'O'e Do)r1 la flle atnUe de la da'e E) se
tro)2at c+eN no)s 'e raconta E)5)ne c+ose Utran&e l) Utat arr2Ue ce
'atnJ /5Utant rU2ellUe de &rand 'atn19 'e dtCelle1 D5a sent co''e s
E)elE)5)n se tenat a) c+e2et de 'on lt1 et D5entends dstncte'ent )ne 2o#
'e dsantJ H!e 'e crans $as1 De s)s bonne et a'ante.5 7e to)rna la tOte1
'as De ne 2s renG 'a 'Pre et 'a sQ)r dor'aent tranE)lle'entG cela '5a
fort UtonnUe1 car Da'as ren de $arel ne '5est arr2U.9 ()r E)o De rU$onds
E)e ben des c+oses ne#$lcables no)s arr2entG 'as De ne l) dt ren de ce
E)e D5a2as 2) le 'atn. (e)le'ent )n an $l)s tard1 E)and D5Utas dUDa son
fancU1 De l) fs $art de l5a$$arton et des $aroles de Pallada le 'O'e Do)r.
!5UtatCce $as elle E) Utat 2en)e la 2or a)ssW 7e dos aDo)ter E)e D5a2as 2)
alors cette de'oselle $o)r la $re'Pre fos et E)e De ne $ensas $as d) to)t
E)e D5allas l5U$o)ser. LTransation M
(;) En Octobre1 *A@>1 De 'e tro)2as a2ec 'a fe''e et 'on fls1 g&U de
de)# ans1 c+eN 'es ancens a's1 les (trDe8s3"1 a le)r ca'$a&ne d)
&o)2erne'ent de 6oronPDe. :n Do)r1 2ers les = +. d) sor1 rentrant de la
c+asse1 De $assa dans l5ale E)e no)s +abtons $o)r c+an&er de toletteG
D5Utas asss dans )ne c+a'bre UclarUe $ar )ne &rande la'$e. La $orte
s5o)2rt et 'on fls OlU& acco)r)tG l se tenat a)$rPs de 'on fa)te)l1 E)and
Pallada a$$ar)t to)t a co)$ de2ant 'o. 7etant s)r l) )n co)$ d5Ql1 De
re'arE)a E)5l ne dUtac+at $as les "e)# de PalladaG se to)rnant 2ers 'o et
'ontrant Pallada d) do&t1 l $rononpaJ La tante.9 7e le $rs s)r les &eno)#
et Deta )n re&ard s)r Pallada1 'as elle n5Utat $l)s. Le 2sa&e d5OlU& Utat
to)t a fat tranE)l et Do"e)#G l co''enpat se)le'ent a $arler1 ce E)
e#$lE)e la dUno'naton E)5l donna a Pallada. LTransation M
E:Gu!E /%/TC-ITC-.
/rs. /a'tc+tc+ 8rtesJ
? 2ai, *A@*.
7e 'e ra$$elle trPs ben E)e le *> 7)llet *AA?1 lorsE)e no)s Utons en
2ste c+eN les $arents de /. E. /a'tc+tc+1 De '5Utas rU2ellUe a l5a)be d)
Do)r1 car l a2at UtU5 con2en) entre 'o et 'a sQ)r E)e no)s rons fare )ne
$ro'enade 'atnale. /5Utant so)le2Ue s)r le lt1 De 2s E)e 'a'an et 'a
sQ)r dor'aent1 et en ce 'o'ent De sents co''e s E)elE)5)n se tenat a
'on c+e2et. /5Utant to)rnUe a de'car De cra&nas de ben re&arderDe
ne 2s $ersonneG '5Utant reco)c+Ue1 D5entends ''Udate'ent1 derrPre et a)
dess)s de 'a tOte1 )ne 2o# de fe''e 'e dsant do)ce'ent1 'as
dstncte'entJ !e 'e crans $as1 De s)s bonne et a'ante19 et encore to)te
)ne $+rase E)e D5o)bla a l5nstant 'O'e. I''Udate'ent a$rPs De '5+ablla
et D5alla 'e $ro'ener. C5est +ii,HK- Utran&e E)e ces $aroles ne '5effra"Prent
$as d) to)t. ,e reto)r1 De n5en ds ren n a 'a 'Pre1 n a 'a sQ)r1 car elles
n5a'aent $as de telles c+oses et n5" cro"aent $asG 'as le sor d) 'O'e
Do)r1 co''e la con2ersaton to)rna s)r le s$rts'e1 De raconta a /./. ce
E) 2enat de '5arr2er le 'atnG l ne 'e rU$ondt ren de $artc)ler.
LTransation M
7e n5a Da'as e) a)c)ne +all)cnaton1 n a2ant1 n a$rPs cet ncdent1 a
l5e#ce$ton d5)n cas to)t rUcent1 E)and De 'e s)s 2)e 'oC'O'e1 de E)o De
$arlera )ne a)tre fos. LTransation M
(OP-IE /%/TC-ITC-.
/r. Potolof 8rtes to t+e collector1 /r. %3sa3offJ
R:E (C-P%LER!%Y%1 .B. (. PeTER(BO:RG1e *> 2ai, *A@*.
/O!(IE:R1En rU$onse a 2otre lettre d) A /a et les E)estons E)e
2o)s 'e $oseN relat2e'ent a l5ncdent a2ec /. E. /a'tc+tc+1 lorsE)e
dans les annUes *A=BK== no)s +abtons ense'ble Reff1 r)e Proresna"a1
'ason Bars3"1 De $)s 2o)s co'')nE)er ce E) s)t. Effect2e'ent1 De f)s
alors tU'on co''e /./.1 $endant E)5l Do)at )n sor d) $ano E)elE)e ar
'UlancolE)e1 s5nterro'$t br)sE)e'ent (co''e s a$rPs a2or forte'ent
attaE)U le cla2er1 ses 'ans s5Utaent s)bte'ent affassUes)1 et lorsE)e De
2ns l) de'ander ce E) l) Utat arr2U1 l 'e rU$ondt E)5l 2enat de 2or
a$$arattre le fantb'e de Pallada1 se tenant derrPre la dra$ere de la $orte
de la c+a'bre cont&)e a celle oo se tro)2at le $ano. 7e dos aDo)ter E)e
notre a$$arte'ent co'')n for'at )ne enflade de tros c+a'bres1 sans
co'$ter celle de l5entrUe1 E) occ)$at le 'le)G De tra2allas dans 'a
c+a'bre1 E) Utat a drote de celle de l5entrUe1 et De $o)2as 2or to)te
l5nflade ben UclarUe. Ce E) 'e re&arde $ersonnelle'ent1 De ne 2s en ce
'o'ent a)c)ne f&)re +)'ane $asser $ar les c+a'bres de /./.1 'as De
ne ne $as E)e $o)r le tranE)llser D5essa"a d5e#$lE)er cet ncdent $ar
l5entrUe de notre do'estE)e !3taG l se $e)t a)ss E)e1 ne l5a"ant $as
tro)2U dans nos a$$arte'ents1 no)s allg'es le c+erc+er en bas1 dans la
c)sne. Vola to)t ce E)e De $)s 2o)s dre relat2e'ent a cet ncdent.
LTransation M
6. POTOLO4.
!ote b" t+e collectorJ
(. PeTER(BO:RG1 .e *Bl.A 2ai, *A@*.
Trad)t des 'an)scrts r)sses de /. et /ada'e /a'tc+tc+1 et de /.
Potolof. La $re'Pre $arte d) 'an)scrt de /. /a'tc+tc+1 D)sE)5a la
$re'Pre a$$arton de Pallada1 est abrU&Ue. LTransation M
75a2as rencontrU /. /a'tc+tc+ $l)se)rs fos1 'as De n5a2as a)c)ne
dUe de ces a$$artons constantes de Pallada. /. /a'tc+tc+ a 2) a)ss
d5a)tres f&)res E)e celle de Pallada1 'as De n5a $as e) le te'$s d5en fare
)n 'U'orand)' crconstantel. LTransation M
%. %R(%RO44.
%'on& re$eated a$$artons t+s case at $resent stands al'ost aloneG ts
$arallels 8ll be fo)nd 8+en 8e co'e to deal 8t+ t+e $ersstent controls19
or alle&ed co'')ncatn& s$rts1 8+c+ nfl)ence tranceC)tterance or
a)to'atc scr$t.
% case bearn& so'e rese'blance to Pallada5s s &2en n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .;;1 t+e 'an dfference ben& t+at t+e re$eated
co'')ncatons are t+ere 'ade n dream. I add n *1+ A anot+er case1
8+ere t+e deceased $erson see's to 'a3e re$eated efforts to '$ress on
s)r22ors a 8s+ $ro'$ted b" contn)ed affecton.
+ii,HL-
*1, . Less )nco''on are t+e cases 8+ere an a$$arton1 occ)rrn&
sn&l" and not re$eated1 ndcates a contn)ed 3no8led&e of t+e affars of
eart+. T+at 3no8led&e1 ndeed1 r)ns 'anl"1 as 8e s+all $resentl" see1 n
t8o drectons. T+ere s often 3no8led&e of so'e crc)'stance connected
8t+ t+e deceased $erson5s o8n deat+1 as t+e a$$earance of +s bod" after
dssol)ton1 or t+e $lace of ts te'$orar" de$ost or fnal b)ral. %nd t+ere s
often 3no8led&e of t+e '$endn& or act)al deat+ of so'e frend of t+e
deceased $erson5s. On t+e 2e8 +ere ta3en of t+e &rad)al $assa&e fro' t+e
one en2ron'ent nto t+e ot+er1 bot+ t+ese 3nds of 3no8led&e see'
$robable eno)&+. I t+n3 t l3el" t+at so'e $art of t+e consco)sness after
deat+ 'a" for so'e t'e be drea'l" occ)$ed 8t+ t+e $+"scal scene. %nd
s'larl"1 8+en so'e s)r22n& frend s &rad)all" 2er&n& to8ards t+e
sa'e dssol)ton1 t+e fact 'a" be readl" $erce$tble n t+e s$rt)al 8orld.
6+en t+e frend +as act)all" ded1 t+e 3no8led&e 8+c+ +s $redecessor
'a" +a2e of +s transton s 3no8led&e a$$ertann& to e2ents of t+e ne#t
8orld as ')c+ as of t+s.
*1' . B)t a$art fro' t+s nfor'aton1 acE)red $er+a$s on t+e
borderland bet8een t8o states1 a$$artons do so'et'es '$l" a $erce$ton
of 'ore defntel" terrene e2ents1 s)c+ as t+e 'oral crses (as 'arra&e1
&ra2e E)arrels1 or '$endn& cr'es) of frends left be+nd on eart+. I E)ote
n *1' A a s$ec'en of t+s class1a case of '$ress2e 8arnn&1 n 8+c+
t+e $+anto' 8as seen b" t8o $ersons1 one of 8+o' +ad alread" +ad a less
e2dental e#$erence.
% 8ord as to t+e l&+t t+ro8n on eac+ ot+er b" t+ese t8o s)ccess2e
e#$erences of t+e sa'e $erc$ent. T+e atter e#$erence1 as 8ll +a2e been
seen1 s stron&l" e2dental. T+e nat)re of t+e 8arnn& &2en s s)c+ t+at t+e
case 8o)ld +ardl" +a2e been co'')ncated to )s1 e2en for anon"'o)s
$)blcaton1 e#ce$t )nder a &ra2e sense of ts '$ortance. T+e $ormer
e#$erence lac3s1 b" ts nat)re1 concdental $roof. T+e da)&+ter 3ne8 of
+er fat+er5s deat+G s+e +o$ed1 alt+o)&+ )ncertanl"1 t+at all 8as 8ell 8t+
+'G and t+e 2son anno)ncn& +s blss '&+t t+)s +a2e been t+e creaton
of +er o8n 'nd. It 8as a 2son of consolaton9 of a freE)ent t"$ea t"$e
e#cl)ded fro' o)r e2dental rec3onn&s. Yet I can +ardl" s)$$ose t+at of
t+e t8o 2sons t+)s s'lar t+e one 8as reall" d)e to s$rt)al a&enc" and
t+e ot+er 8as not I re&ard eac+ as corroboratn& and lendn& 8e&+t to t+e
ot+er.
I add n *1' B anot+er case of s'lar t"$e1 t+e 'essa&e n 8+c+1 8+le
felt b" t+e $erc$ent to be con2ncn& and satsfactor"1 8as +eld too $r2ate
to be co'')ncated n detal. It s $lan t+at D)st n t+e cases 8+ere t+e
'essa&e s 'ost nt'atel" 2eraco)s1 t+e &reatest dffc)lt" s l3el" to be
felt as to 'a3n& t 3no8n to stran&ers.
I +a2e alread" &2en a case (n *1+/ 8+ere a de$arted s$rt see's to
s+o8 a s"'$at+etc antc$aton of a 'arra&e so'e t'e before t s
conte'$lated. In anot+er case1 &2en n *1' C1 t+e $erc$ent1 /rs V.1
descrbes a 2son of a 'ot+er5s for' s)s$ended1 as t 8ere1 n a c+)rc+ +ii,
HM- 8+ere +er son s )nder&on& t+e rte of confr'aton. T+at 2son1
ndeed1 '&+t +a2e been $)rel" s)bDect2e1 as /rs. V. 8as fa'lar 8t+ t+e
de$arted 'ot+er5s as$ectG t+o)&+ 2al)e s &2en to t b" t+e fact t+at /rs. V.
+as +ad ot+er e#$erences 8+c+ ncl)ded e2dental concdences.
*1* . 4ro' t+ese nstances of 3no8led&e s+o8n b" t+e de$arted of
e2ents 8+c+ see' 8+oll" terrene1 I $ass to 3no8led&e of e2ents 8+c+
see' n so'e sense 'ore nearl" concerned 8t+ t+e s$rtC8orld. 6e +a2e1
as alread" +nted1 a consderable &ro)$ of cases 8+ere a s$rt see's to be
a8are of t+e impending death of a s)r22or. In so'e fe8 of t+ose cases t+e
fore3no8led&e s entrel" ne#$lcable b" an" s)c+ fores&+t as 8e 'ortals
can 'a&ne. B)t t+ose cases I s+all not cte +ereG deferrn& t+e' )ntl t+e
8+ole E)eston of t+e l'ts of s$rt)al $reco&nton co'es to be dsc)ssed
n a later c+a$ter. In t+e cases to 8+c+ I s+all no8 all)de t+e de&ree of
fores&+t see's not &reater t+an t+at of ordnar" s$ectators1 e#ce$t n t+e
case to be frst &2en1 8+ere1 t+o)&+ t+e fa'l" dd not foresee t+e deat+1 a
$+"scan '&+t1 for a)&+t 8e 3no81 +a2e been able to antc$ate t.
-o8e2er e#$laned1 t+e case s one of t+e bestCattested1 and n tself one of
t+e 'ost re'ar3able1 t+at 8e $ossess.
T+e acco)nt1 8+c+ I E)ote fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *=1 8as
sent n *AA= to t+e %'ercan (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+ b" /r. 4. G.1
of Boston. Professor Ro"ce and ,r. -od&son 2o)c+ for t+e +&+ c+aracter
and &ood $oston of t+e nfor'antsG and t 8ll be seen t+at1 besdes t+e
$erc$ent +'self1 +s fat+er and brot+er are frstC+and 8tnesses as re&ards
t+e 'ost '$ortant $ont1t+e effect $rod)ced b" a certan s"'bolc te'
n t+e $+anto'5s as$ect. /r. G. 8rtesJ
1anuary **th1 *AAA.
(IR1Re$l"n& to t+e recentl" $)bls+ed reE)est of "o)r (ocet" for
act)al occ)rrences of $s"c+cal $+eno'ena1 I res$ectf)ll" s)b't t+e
follo8n& re'ar3able occ)rrence to t+e consderaton of "o)r dstn&)s+ed
(ocet"1 8t+ t+e ass)rance t+at t+e e2ent 'ade a 'ore $o8erf)l '$resson
on '" 'nd t+an t+e co'bned ncdents of '" 8+ole lfe. I +a2e ne2er
'entoned t o)tsde of '" fa'l" and a fe8 nt'ate frends1 3no8n& 8ell
t+at fe8 8o)ld bele2e t1 or else ascrbe t to so'e dsordered state of '"
'nd at t+e t'eG b)t I 8ell 3no8 I ne2er 8as n better +ealt+ or $ossessed a
clearer +ead and 'nd t+an at t+e t'e t occ)rred.
In *AB= '" onl" sster1 a "o)n& lad" of e&+teen "ears1 ded s)ddenl" of
c+olera n (t. Lo)s1 /o. /" attac+'ent for +er 8as 2er" stron&1 and t+e
blo8 a se2ere one to 'e. % "ear or so after +er deat+ t+e 8rter beca'e a
co''ercal tra2eller1 and t 8as n *A=B1 8+le on one of '" 6estern tr$s1
t+at t+e e2ent occ)rred.
I +ad dr)''ed9 t+e ct" of (t. 7ose$+1 /o.1 and +ad &one to '" roo'
at t+e Pacfc -o)se to send n '" orders1 8+c+ 8ere )n)s)all" lar&e ones1
so t+at I 8as n a 2er" +a$$" fra'e of 'nd ndeed. /" t+o)&+ts1 of co)rse1
8ere abo)t t+ese orders1 3no8n& +o8 $leased '" +o)se 8o)ld be at '"
s)ccess. I +ad not been t+n3n& of '" late sster1 or n an" 'anner
reflectn& +ii,HN- on t+e $ast. T+e +o)r 8as +&+ noon1 and t+e s)n 8as
s+nn& c+eerf)ll" nto '" roo'. 6+le b)sl" s'o3n& a c&ar and 8rtn&
o)t '" orders1 I s)ddenl" beca'e consco)s t+at so'e one 8as sttn& on
'" left1 8t+ one ar' restn& on t+e table. X)c3 as a flas+ I t)rned and
dstnctl" sa8 t+e for' of '" dead sster1 and for a bref second or so
loo3ed +er sE)arel" n t+e faceG and so s)re 8as I t+at t 8as s+e1 t+at I
s$ran& for8ard n del&+t1 calln& +er b" na'e1 and1 as I dd so1 t+e
a$$arton nstantl" 2ans+ed. !at)rall" I 8as startled and d)'bfo)nded1
al'ost do)btn& '" sensesG b)t t+e c&ar n '" 'o)t+1 and $en n +and1
8t+ t+e n3 stll 'ost on '" letter1 I satsfed '"self I +ad not been
drea'n& and 8as 8de a8a3e. I 8as near eno)&+ to to)c+ +er1 +ad t been
a $+"scal $ossblt"1 and noted +er feat)res1 e#$resson1 and detals of
dress1 &c. (+e a$$eared as f al2e. -er e"es loo3ed 3ndl" and $erfectl"
nat)ral nto 'ne. -er s3n 8as so lfeCl3e t+at I co)ld see t+e &lo8 or
'ost)re on ts s)rface1 and1 on t+e 8+ole1 t+ere 8as no c+an&e n +er
a$$earance1 ot+er8se t+an 8+en al2e.
!o8 co'es t+e 'ost re'ar3able con$irmation of '" state'ent1 8+c+
cannot be do)bted b" t+ose 8+o 3no8 8+at I state act)all" occ)rred. T+s
2staton1 or 8+ate2er "o) 'a" call t1 so '$ressed 'e t+at I too3 t+e ne#t
tran +o'e1 and n t+e $resence of '" $arents and ot+ers I related 8+at +ad
occ)rred. /" fat+er1 a 'an of rare &ood sense and 2er" $ractcal1 8as
nclned to rdc)le 'e1 as +e sa8 +o8 earnestl" I bele2ed 8+at I statedG b)t
+e1 too1 8as a'aNed 8+en later on I told t+e' of a br&+t red lne or scratch
on t+e r&+tC+and sde of '" sster5s face1 8+c+ I dstnctl" +ad seen. 6+en
I 'entoned t+s '" 'ot+er rose tre'bln& to +er feet and nearl" fanted
a8a"1 and as soon as s+e s)ffcentl" reco2ered +er selfC$ossesson1 8t+
tears strea'n& do8n +er face1 s+e e#cla'ed t+at I +ad ndeed seen '"
sster1 as no l2n& 'ortal b)t +erself 8as a8are of t+at scratc+1 8+c+ s+e
+ad accdentall" 'ade 8+le don& so'e lttle act of 3ndness after '"
sster5s deat+. (+e sad s+e 8ell re'e'bered +o8 $aned s+e 8as to t+n3
s+e s+o)ld +a2e1 )nntentonall"1 'arred t+e feat)res of +er dead da)&+ter1
and t+at )n3no8n to all1 +o8 s+e +ad caref)ll" oblterated all traces of t+e
sl&+t scratc+ 8t+ t+e ad of $o8der1 &c.1 and t+at s+e +ad ne2er 'entoned
t to a +)'an ben& fro' t+at da" to t+s. In $roof1 net+er '" fat+er nor an"
of o)r fa'l" +ad detected t1 and $ost2el" 8ere )na8are of t+e ncdent1
"et ( sa# the scratch as bright as i$ "ust made. (o stran&el" '$ressed 8as
'" 'ot+er1 t+at e2en after s+e +ad retred to rest s+e &ot )$ and dressed1
ca'e to 'e and told 'e she Bne# at least t+at I +ad seen '" sster. % fe8
8ee3s later '" 'ot+er ded1 +a$$" n +er belef s+e 8o)ld reDon +er
fa2o)rte da)&+ter n a better 8orld.
In a f)rt+er letter /r. 4. G. addsJ
T+ere 8as not+n& of a s$rt)al or &+ostl" nat)re n et+er t+e for' or
dress of '" sster1 s+e a$$earn& $erfectl" nat)ral1 and dressed n clot+n&
t+at s+e )s)all" 8ore n lfe1 and 8+c+ 8as fa'lar to 'e. 4ro' +er
$oston at t+e table1 I co)ld onl" see +er $rom the #aist up, and +er
a$$earance and e2er"t+n& s+e 8ore s ndelbl" $+oto&ra$+ed n '" 'nd.
I e2en +ad t'e to notce t+e collar and lttle breast$n s+e 8ore1 as 8ell as
t+e co'b n +er +ar1 after t+e st"le t+en 8orn b" "o)n& lades. T+e dress
+ad no $artc)lar assocaton for 'e or '" 'ot+er1 no 'ore so t+an ot+ers
s+e 8as n t+e +abt of 8earn&G b)t today, #hie ( have $orgotten a her
other dresses, pins, and combs, I co)ld &o to +er tr)n3 (8+c+ 8e +a2e D)st
as s+e left t) and $c3 o)t +ii,HO- t+e 2er" dress and orna'ents s+e 8ore
8+en s+e a$$eared to 'e1 so 8ell do I re'e'ber t.
Yo) are correct n )nderstandn& t+at I ret)rned +o'e earler t+an I +ad
ntended1 as t +ad s)c+ an effect on 'e t+at I co)ld +ardl" t+n3 of an"
ot+er 'atterG n fact1 I abandoned a tr$ t+at I +ad barel" co''enced1 and1
ordnarl"1 8o)ld +a2e re'aned on t+e road a 'ont+ lon&er.
/r. 4. G. a&an 8rtes to ,r. -od&son1 7an)ar" .;rd1 *AAAJ
%s $er "o)r reE)est1 I enclose a letter fro' '" fat+er 8+c+ s ndorsed
b" '" brot+er1 confr'n& t+e state'ent I 'ade to t+e' of t+e a$$arton I
+ad seen. I 8ll add t+at '" fat+er s one of t+e oldest and 'ost res$ected
ctNens of (t. Lo)s1 /o.1 a retred 'erc+ant1 8+ose 8nter resdence s at
1 Ills.1 a fe8 'les o)t b" ral. -e s no8 se2ent" "ears of a&e1 b)t a
re'ar3abl" 8ellC$reser2ed &entle'an n bod" and 'nd1 and a 2er" learned
'an as 8ell. %s I nfor'ed "o)1 +e s slo8 to bele2e t+n&s t+at reason
cannot e#$lan. /" brot+er1 8+o ndorses t+e state'ent1 +as resded n
Boston for t8el2e "ears1 don& b)sness on (treet1 as $er letterC+ead
abo2e1 and t+e last 'an n t+e 8orld to ta3e stoc3 n state'ents 8t+o)t
&ood $roof. T+e ot+ers 8+o 8ere $resent (ncl)dn& '" 'ot+er) are no8
dead1 or 8ere t+en so "o)n& as to no8 +a2e b)t a d' re'e'brance of t+e
'atter.
Yo) 8ll note t+at '" fat+er refers to t+e scratc+19 and t 8as t+s t+at
$)NNled all1 e2en +'self1 and 8+c+ 8e +a2e ne2er been able to acco)nt
for1 f)rt+er t+an t+at n so'e '"stero)s 8a" I +ad act)all" seen '" sster
nine years a$ter death, and +ad $artc)larl" notced and descrbed to '"
$arents and fa'l" t+s br&+t red scratc+1 and 8+c+1 be"ond all do)bt n
o)r 'nds1 8as )n3no8n to a so)l sa2e '" 'ot+er1 8+o +ad accdentall"
ca)sed t.
6+en I 'ade '" state'ent1 all1 of co)rse1 lstened and 8ere nterestedG
b)t t+e 'atter 8o)ld $robabl" +a2e $assed 8t+ co''ents t+at t 8as a
frea3 of 'e'or" +ad not I as3ed abo)t t+e scratc+1 and t+e nstant I
'entoned t '" 'ot+er 8as aro)sed as f s+e +ad rece2ed an electrc
s+oc31 as s+e +ad 3e$t t secret fro' all1 and she aone 8as able to e#$lan
t. /" 'ot+er 8as a sncere C+rstan lad"1 8+o 8as for t8ent"Cf2e "ears
s)$erntendent of a lar&e nfant class n +er c+)rc+1 t+e (o)t+ern /et+odst1
and a drectress n 'an" c+artable nstt)tons1 and 8as +&+l" ed)cated.
!o lad" at t+e t'e stood +&+er n t+e ct" of (t. Lo)s1 and s+e 8as1
besdes1 a 8o'an of rare &ood sense.
I 'enton t+ese $onts to &2e "o) an ns&+t nto t+e c+aracter and
standn& of t+ose 8+ose test'on"1 n s)c+ a case1 s necessar".
((&ned) 4. G.
4ro' /r. -. G.J
1 ILL(.1 1anuary .>th, *AAA.
,E%R 4.1Yo)rs of *Bt+ nst. s rece2ed. In re$l" to "o)r E)estons
relatn& to "o)r +a2n& seen o)r %nne1 8+le at (t. 7ose$+1 /o.1 I 8ll state
t+at I 8ell re'e'ber t+e state'ent "o) 'ade to fa'l" on "o)r ret)rn +o'e.
I re'e'ber "o)r statn& +o8 s+e loo3ed n ordnar" +o'e dress1 and
$artc)larl" abo)t t+e scratc+ (or red s$ot) on +er face1 8+c+ "o) co)ld not
acco)nt for1 b)t 8+c+ 8as f)ll" e#$laned b" "o)r 'ot+er. T+e s$ot 8as
'ade 8+le adD)stn& so'et+n& abo)t +er +ead 8+le n t+e cas3et1 and
co2ered 8t+ $o8der. %ll 8+o +eard "o) relate t+e $+eno'enal s&+t
t+o)&+t t 8as +ii,IP- tr)e. Yo) 8ell 3no8 +o8 sce$tcal I a' abo)t t+n&s
8+c+ reason cannot e#$lan.
((&ned) -.G. (fat+er).
I 8as $resent at t+e t'e and ndorse t+e abo2e.
((&ned) R.G. (brot+er).
T+e a$$arent redness of t+e scratc+ on t+e face of t+e a$$arton &oes
nat)rall" eno)&+ 8t+ t+e loo3 of lfe n t+e face. T+e $+anto' dd not
a$$ear as a cor$se1 b)t as a bloo'n& &rl1 and t+e scratc+ s+o8ed as t
8o)ld +a2e s+o8n f 'ade d)rn& lfe.
,r. -od&son 2sted /r. 4. G. later1 and sent )s t+e follo8n& notes of
+s nter2e8J
(T. LO:I(1 /o.1 Apri *Bth, *A@>.
In con2ersaton 8t+ /r. 4. G.1 no8 fort"Ct+ree "ears of a&e1 +e sa"s
t+at t+ere 8as a 2er" s$ecal s"'$at+" bet8een +s 'ot+er1 sster1 and
+'self.
6+en +e sa8 t+e a$$arton +e 8as seated at a s'all table1 abo)t t8o
feet n da'eter1 and +ad +s left elbo8 on t+e table. T+e scratc+ 8+c+ +e
sa8 8as on t+e r&+t sde of +s sster5s nose1 abo)t t+reeCfo)rt+s of an nc+
lon&1 and 8as a so'e8+at ra&&ed 'ar3. -s +o'e at t+e t'e of t+e ncdent
8as n (t. Lo)s. -s 'ot+er ded 8t+n t8o 8ee3s after t+e ncdent. -s
sster5s face 8as +ardl" a foot a8a" fro' +s o8n. T+e s)n 8as s+nn& )$on
t t+ro)&+ t+e o$en 8ndo8. T+e f&)re dsa$$eared l3e an nstantaneo)s
e2a$oraton.
/r. G. +as +ad anot+er e#$erence1 b)t of a so'e8+at dfferent
c+aracter. Last fall t+e '$resson $erssted for so'e t'e of a lad" frend of
+s1 and +e co)ld not rd +'self for so'e t'e of t+o)&+ts of +er. -e fo)nd
after8ards t+at s+e ded at t+e t'e of t+e c)ro)s $ersstence of +s
'$resson.
/r. G. a$$ears to be a frstCclass 8tness.
R. -O,G(O!.
I +a2e ran3ed t+s case primF $acie as a $erce$ton b" t+e s$rt of +er
'ot+er5s a$$roac+n& deat+. T+at concdence s too 'ar3ed to be e#$laned
a8a"J t+e son s bro)&+t +o'e n t'e to see +s 'ot+er once 'ore b"
$er+a$s t+e onl" 'eans 8+c+ 8o)ld +a2e s)cceededG and t+e 'ot+er
+erself s s)staned b" t+e 3no8led&e t+at +er da)&+ter lo2es and a8ats +er.
/r. Pod'ore
*
+as s)&&ested1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+at t+e da)&+ter5s f&)re
8as a 'ere $roDecton fro' t+e 'ot+er5s 'ndJ a conce$ton 8+c+ +as
scarcel" an" analo&" to s)$$ort tJ for t+e one ancent case of 6eser'ann5s
$roDecton of a fe'ale f&)re to a dstance (alread" reco)nted n '') G)
re'ans1 I t+n31 t+e sole nstance 8+ere an a&ent +as &enerated a
+all)cnator" f&)re or &ro)$ of f&)res 8+c+ dd not1 at an" rate1 incude
+s o8n. I 'ean t+at +e 'a" s$ontaneo)sl" $roDect a $ct)re of +'self as +e
s or drea's +'self to be st)ated1 $er+a$s 8t+ ot+er f&)res ro)nd +'1
b)t not1 so far as o)r e2dence &oes1 t+e sn&le f&)re of so'e one ot+er t+an
+'self. 6+lst not ass)'n& t+at t+s r)le can +a2e no e#ce$tons1 I see no
reason for s)$$osn& t+at t +as been trans&ressed n t+e $resent case. !a"1 I
t+n3 t+at t+e 2er" fact t+at t+e +ii,IG- f&)re 8as not t+at of t+e cor$se 8t+
t+e d)ll 'ar3 on 8+c+ t+e 'ot+er5s re&retf)l t+o)&+ts '&+t d8ell1 b)t 8as
t+at of t+e &rl n +ealt+ and +a$$ness1 8t+ t+e s"'bolc red 'ar3 8orn
s'$l" as a test of dentt"1 &oes far to s+o8 t+at t 8as not t+e motherQs
'nd fro' 8+ence t+at 'a&e ca'e. %s to t+e s$rt5s o8n 3no8led&e of t+e
fate of t+e bod" after deat+1 a s)bseE)ent &ro)$ of cases 8ll1 I t+n31 s+o8
t+at t+s s$ecfc for' of post,mortem $erce$ton s not )n)s)al (see *30
and *31 A).
I add n %$$endces t+ree ot+er cases 8+ere t+e '$endn& deat+ of a
s)r22or see's to be ndcated.
*
In one of t+e't+e a$$arton of a floatn&
fe'ale f&)re to t8o offcers (*1* C)t+e dentfcaton of t+at f&)re as t+e
8fe of t+e d"n& 'an s 2er" '$erfect. B)t t+e a$$earance of t+e f&)re to
t8o $ersons collect2el" s 8ell attested1 and t+s s1 at an" rate1 t+e
e#$lanaton 'ost n accordance 8t+ analo&".
*1) . I $lace ne#t b" t+e'sel2es a s'all &ro)$ of cases 8+c+ +a2e t+e
nterest of )ntn& t+e &ro)$ D)st reco)nted1 8+ere t+e s$rt antc$ates t+e
frend5s de$art)re1 8t+ t+e &ro)$ ne#t to be consdered1 8+ere t+e s$rt
8elco'es t+e frend alread" de$arted fro' eart+. T+s class for's at t+e
sa'e t'e a nat)ral e#tenson of t+e clar2o"ance of t+e d"n& e#e'$lfed
n so'e rec$rocal9 cases (e.g. n t+e case of /ss 6.1 8+ere a d"n& a)nt
+as a 2son of +er lttle nece 8+o sees an a$$arton of +er at t+e sa'e
t'eG see &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .?;). 7)st as t+e a$$roac+n&
se2erance of s$rt fro' bod" t+ere aded t+e s$rt to $roDect ts obser2aton
a'on& ncarnate s$rts at a dstance )$on t+s eart+1 so +ere does t+at sa'e
a$$roac+n& se2erance enable t+e d"n& $erson to see s$rts 8+o are
alread" n t+e ne#t 8orld. It s not 2er" )nco''on for d"n& $ersons to sa"1
or to ndcate 8+en be"ond s$eec+1 t+at t+e" see s$rt frends a$$arentl"
near t+e'. B)t1 of co)rse1 s)c+ 2son beco'es e2dental onl" 8+en t+e
d"n& $erson s )na8are t+at t+e frend 8+ose s$rt +e sees +as act)all"
de$arted1 or s D)st abo)t to de$art1 fro' eart+. ()c+ a conD)nct)re ')st
$lanl" be rareG t s e2en rat+er s)r$rsn& t+at t+ese Pea3 n ,aren9 cases1
as /ss Cobbe +as ter'ed t+e' n a s'all collecton 8+c+ s+e 'ade so'e
"ears a&o1 s+o)ld be fo)nd at all. 6e can add to /ss Cobbe5s cases t8o of
far attestaton1 8+c+ I &2e n *1) A and B .
*19 . 4ro' t+s last &ro)$1 t+en1 t+ere s scarcel" a notceable transton
to t+e &ro)$ 8+ere de$arted s$rts 'anfest t+er 3no8led&e t+at so'e
frend 8+o s)r22ed t+e' +as no8 $assed on nto t+er 8orld. T+at s)c+
reco&nton and 8elco'e does n fact ta3e $lace1 later e2dence1 dra8n
es$ecall" fro' tranceC)tterances1 8ll &2e &ood &ro)nd to bele2e. Onl"
rarel"1 +o8e2er1 8ll s)c+ 8elco'eta3n& $lace as t does n t+e s$rt)al
8orldbe reflected b" a$$artons n this. 6+en so reflected1 t 'a" ta3e
dfferent for's1 fro' an act)al )tterance of s"'$at+"1 as fro' a 3no8n
de$arted frend1 do8n to a 'ere slent $resence1 $er+a$s ne#$lcable +ii,
IH- e#ce$t to t+ose 8+o +a$$en to +a2e 3no8n so'e lon& $redeceased
frend of t+e decedent5s.
I E)ote n f)ll one of t+e 'ost co'$lete cases of t+s t"$e1 8+c+ 8as
bro)&+t to )s b" t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.
$$. ;A>KA.).
4ro' /ss L. ,odsonJ
September GJth, *A@*.
On 7)ne ?t+1 *AA=1 a ()nda" e2enn&1
*
bet8een ele2en and t8el2e at
n&+t1 ben& a8a3e1 '" na'e 8as called t+ree t'es. I ans8ered t8ce1
t+n3n& t 8as '" )ncle1 Co'e n1 :ncle Geor&e1 I a' a8a3e19 b)t t+e
t+rd t'e I reco&nsed t+e 2oce as t+at of '" 'ot+er1 8+o +ad been dead
s#teen "ears. I sad1 /a''aZ9 (+e t+en ca'e ro)nd a screen near '"
bedsde 8t+ t8o c+ldren n +er ar's1 and $laced t+e' n '" ar's and $)t
t+e bedclot+es o2er t+e' and sad1 L)c"1 $ro'se 'e to ta3e care of t+e'1
for t+er 'ot+er s D)st dead.9 I sad1 Yes1 'a''a.9 (+e re$eated1
&romise 'e to ta3e care of t+e'.9 I re$led1 Yes1 I $ro'se "o)G9 and I
added1 O+1 'a''a1 sta" and s$ea3 to 'e1 I a' so 8retc+ed.9 (+e re$led1
!ot "et1 '" c+ld19 t+en s+e see'ed to &o ro)nd t+e screen a&an1 and I
re'aned1 feeln& t+e c+ldren to be stll n '" ar's1 and fell aslee$. 6+en I
a8o3e t+ere 8as not+n&. T)esda" 'ornn&1 7)ne =t+1 I rece2ed t+e ne8s
of '" ssterCnCla85s deat+. (+e +ad &2en brt+ to a c+ld t+ree 8ee3s
before1 8+c+ I dd not 3no8 tll after +er deat+.
I 8as n bed1 b)t not aslee$1 and t+e roo' 8as l&+ted b" a &asl&+t n
t+e street o)tsde. I 8as o)t of +ealt+1 and n an#et" abo)t fa'l" tro)bles.
/" a&e 8as fort"Ct8o. I 8as E)te alone. I 'entoned t+e crc)'stance to
'" )ncle t+e ne#t 'ornn&. -e t+o)&+t I 8as sc3enn& for bran fe2er. LI
+a2e +ad ot+er e#$erences1 b)tM onl" to t+e e#tent of +a2n& felt a +and lad
on '" +ead1 and so'et'es on '" +ands1 at t'es of &reat tro)ble.
L:CY ,O,(O!.
T+e collector1 /r. C. -. Co$e1 8rtes n ans8er to o)r E)estonsJ
BR:((EL(1 <ctober *=th, *A@*.
I +a2e rece2ed re$les fro' /ss ,odson to "o)r nE)res.
(*) Yes LI 8asM $erfectl" a8a3e Lat t+e t'eM.9
(.) 6as s+e n an#et" abo)t +er ssterCnCla8W9 !one 8+ate2erG I dd
not 3no8 a second bab" +ad been bornG n fact1 +ad not t+e re'otest dea of
'" ssterCnCla85s llness.9
(;) ,d s+e t+n3 at t+e t'e t+at t+e 8ords abo)t t+e c+ldren5s 'ot+er
+a2n& D)st ded referred to +er ssterCnCla8W -ad s+e t8o c+ldrenW9 !o1 I
8as at a total loss to 'a&ne 8+ose c+ldren t+e" 8ere.9
(<) I 8as l2n& n %lban" (treet1 Re&ent5s Par3 at t+e t'e. /" ssterC
nCla81 as I +eard after8ards1 8as confned at (t. %ndrU (near Br)&es)1 and
re'o2ed to Br)&es t+ree da"s $ror to +er deat+. (N.).(+e +ad t8o
c+ldren ncl)dn& t+e ne8Cborn bab".)9
(?) /" late )ncle onl" sa8 b)sness connectons1 and +a2n& no
relatons or $ersonal frends n London1 sa2e '"self1 8o)ld not +a2e been
l3el" to 'enton t+e occ)rrence to an" one.9
+ii,II-
/r. Co$e also sent )s a co$" of t+e $rnted anno)nce'ent of t+e deat+1
8+c+ /ss ,odson +ad rece2ed. It 8as dated1 Br)&es1 7)ne =t+1 *AA=19
and &a2e t+e date of deat+ as 7)ne ?t+. -e E)otes fro' /ss ,odson5s letter
to +'1 enclosn& t1 as follo8sJL/" frendM1 /rs Gran&e1 tells 'e s+e
sa8 L'" ssterCnCla8M a co)$le of +o)rs $ror to +er deat+1 8+c+ too3 $lace
abo)t nne o5cloc3 on t+e e2enn& of 7)ne ?t+1 and t 8as bet8een ele2en
and t8el2e o5cloc3 t+e sa'e n&+t '" 'ot+er bro)&+t 'e t+e t8o lttle
c+ldren.9
Professor (d&8c3 8rtesJ
November HIrd, *A@..
I +a2e D)st +ad an nterestn& con2ersaton 8t+ /ss ,odson and +er
frend1 /rs. Gran&e.
/ss ,odson told 'e t+at s+e 8as not t+n3n& of +er brot+er or +s 8fe
at t+s t'e1 as +er 'nd 8as absorbed b" certan ot+er 'atters. B)t t+e
brot+er 8as an obDect of s$ecal concern to +er1 as +er 'ot+er on +er
deat+bed1 n *A=*1 +ad s$ecall" c+ar&ed +erand s+e +ad $ro'sedto
ta3e care of t+e ot+er c+ldren1 es$ecall" t+s brot+er1 8+o 8as t+en f2e
"ears old. -e +ad 'arred n %$rl *AA?1 and s+e +ad not seen +' snce1
t+o)&+ s+e +ad +eard of t+e brt+ of +s frst c+ld1 a lttle &rl1 n 7an)ar"
*AABG and s+e +ad ne2er seen +s 8fe nor +eard of t+e brt+ of t+e second
c+ld.
(+e s as s)re as s+e can be t+at s+e 8as a8a3e at t+e t'e of t+e
e#$erence. (+e 3ne8 t+e t'e b" a cloc3 n t+e roo' and also a cloc3
o)tsde. (+e +eard t+s latter str3e t8el2e after8ards1 and t+e a$$arton
')st +a2e occ)rred after ele2en1 beca)se l&+ts 8ere o)t n front of t+e
$)blcC+o)se. T+e c+ldren see'ed to be 8t+ +er a lon& t'eG ndeed1 t+e"
see'ed to be stll 8t+ +er 8+en t+e cloc3 str)c3 t8el2e. T+e roo' 8as
)s)all" l&+t eno)&+ to see t+n&s ne.g. to &et a &lass of 8ater1 &c.
o8n& to t+e la'$ n t+e street1 b)t t+e dstnctness 8t+ 8+c+ t+e 2son
8as seen s not e#$lcable b" t+e real l&+t. T+e c+ldren 8ere of a&es
corres$ondn& to t+ose of +er ssterCnCla85s c+ldren1 i.e. t+e" see'ed to be
a lttle &rl and a bab" ne8l" bornG t+e se# 8as not dstn&)s+ed. (+e 8as
not at all alar'ed.
(+e +eard fro' /rs. Gran&e b" letter1 and after8ards orall" fro' +er
brot+er1 t+at +er ssterCnCla8 ded bet8een e&+t and nne t+e sa'e n&+t.
(+e ne2er +ad an" e#$erence of t+e 3nd1 or an" +all)cnaton at all
beforeJ b)t since s+e +as occasonall" felt a +and on +er +ead n tro)ble.
/rs. Gran&e told 'e t+at s+e 8as 8t+ t+e ssterCnCla8 abo)t an +o)r
and a +alf before +er deat+. (+e left +er abo)t se2en o5cloc31 8t+o)t an"
$artc)lar alar' abo)t +erG t+o)&+ s+e 8as s)ffern& fro' nfla''aton
after c+ldbrt+1 and /rs. Gran&e dd not E)te l3e +er loo3G stll +er state
8as not consdered alar'n& b" t+ose 8+o 8ere attendn& on +er. T+en
abo)t A.;> ne8s ca'e to /rs. Gran&e n +er o8n +o)se t+at so'et+n& +ad
+a$$ened at t+e ssterCnCla85s. %s t 8as onl" n t+e ne#t street1 /rs.
Gran&e $)t on +er bonnet and 8ent ro)nd to t+e +o)se1 and fo)nd s+e 8as
dead. (+e t+en 8rote and told /ss ,odson.
I E)ote f)rt+er cases 'ore or less analo&o)s to t+s n t+e %$$endces to
t+s secton. In t+e frst . *19 A / t+e a$$arton of a d"n& 'ot+er brn&s t+e
ne8s of +er o8n deat+ and t+at +er bab" s l2n&. In t+e second . *19 B / a
'ot+er sees a 2son of +er son ben& dro8ned and also an a$$arton of +er
o8n dead 'ot+er1 8+o tells +er of t+e dro8nn&. +ii,IJ- In t+s case1 t+e
E)eston 'a" be rased as to 8+et+er t+e second f&)re seen 'a" not +a2e
been1 so to sa"1 substitutivea s"'bol n 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent5s o8n 'nd
clot+ed a tele$at+c '$resson of t+e act)al decedent5s $assa&e fro' eart+.
()c+ a 2e8 '&+t $er+a$s be s)$$orted b" so'e ano'alo)s cases 8+ere
ne8s of t+e deat+ s bro)&+t b" t+e a$$arton of a $erson stll l2n&1 8+o1
ne2ert+eless1 s not b" an" nor'al 'eans a8are of t+e deat+. ((ee t+e case
of /rs. T.1 alread" &2en n C+a$ter IV.1 +()8 and t+at of /ss -a83nsC
,e'$ster n *19 C.)
*(0 . I 8ll E)ote +ere one case1 at an" rate1 8+ere s)c+ an e#$lanaton
8o)ld be '$ossble1 snce bot+ t+e deceased $erson and t+e $+antas'al
f&)re 8ere $re2o)sl" )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent. T+s caset+e last 8+c+
Ed')nd G)rne" $)bls+edco'es fro' an e#cellent 8tness. T+e
$s"c+cal ncdent 8+c+ t see's to '$l"1 8+le 2er" re'ote fro' $o$)lar
notons1 8o)ld be E)te n accordance 8t+ t+e rest of o)r $resent seres. %
lad" desG +er +)sband n t+e s$rtC8orld s 'o2ed b" +er arr2alG and t+e
drecton t+)s &2en to +s t+o)&+t $roDects a $ct)re of +'1 clot+ed as n
t+e da"s 8+en +e l2ed 8t+ +er1 nto 2sblt" n t+e +o)se 8+ere +er bod"
s l"n&. 6e +a2e t+)s a drea'Cl3e rec)rrence to eart+l" 'e'ores1
$ro'$ted b" a re22al of t+ose 'e'ores 8+c+ +ad ta3en $lace n t+e
s$rt)al 8orld. T+e case s 'd8a" bet8een a case of #ecome and a case
of haunting.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R. 2ol. 2. $$. <..K.B. T+e acco)nt s &2en b"
/rs. Bacc+)s1 of (+erbo)rne Vlla1 Lea'n&ton.
August *AAB.
On (at)rda"1 October *At+ Lreall" .<t+M1 *ABA1 8e left so'e frends (t+e
/arE)s and /ada'e de L"s) 8t+ 8+o' 8e +ad been sta"n& at /al2ern
6ells1 and 8ent to C+elten+a'. T+e reason for &on& to C+elten+a' 8as
t+at a brot+erCnCla8 of '" +)sband1 /r. Geor&e Co$eland1 8as l2n&
t+ere. -e 8as a &reat n2ald1 s)ffern& fro' $aral"ss and E)te )nable to
'o2e1 b)t n f)ll 'ental 2&o)r1 so +s frends 8ere an#o)s to see +' as
often as $ossble to rele2e t+e drearness of +s lon& llness1 and 8e dd not
l3e to be so near 8t+o)t $a"n& +' a 2st. 6e 3ne8 t+at +e +ad frends
sta"n& n t+e +o)se at t+e t'e1 so deter'ned to &o to C+elten+a' 8t+o)t
lettn& +' 3no81 to ta3e lod&n&s near1 and t+en tell +' 8e +ad done so1
t+at +e '&+t not feel +e o)&+t to n2te )s to +s +o)se. 6e soon fo)nd
so'e roo's n Yor3 Terrace1 close to Ba"5s -ll1 /r. Co$eland5s +o)se.
%fter 8e +ad ta3en t+e roo'st+e )s)al lod&n&C+o)se 3nddra8n&C
roo' and bedroo' at t+e bac31 and 8ere &on& o)t1 8e notced so'e
'edcne bottles on t+e +all table1 as3ed f an" one 8ere ll n t+e +o)se1 and
8ere told t+at an old lad"1 a /rs. R.1 and +er da)&+ter 8ere n t+e dnn&C
roo'1 t+at /rs. R. +ad been ll for so'e t'e1 t+at +er llness 8as not
sero)s and t+at t+ere 8as no ''edate dan&er of +er d"n&G n fact1 t 8as
'ade E)te l&+t of1 and 8e t+o)&+t no 'ore abo)t t. 6e D)st 'entoned n
t+e co)rse of t+e e2enn& t+e na'e of t+e $eo$le lod&n& n t+e sa'e +o)se1
and /r. Co$eland sad +e 3ne8 8+o /rs. R. 8asG s+e 8as t+e 8do8 of a
$+"scan 8+o for'erl" $ractsed n C+elten+a'1 t+at one of +er da)&+ters
8as 'arred to a 'aster of t+e Colle&e1 a /r. !. T+en I re'e'bered +a2n&
seen /rs. !. at a &ardenC$art" at ,r. Barr"5s t+e "ear before1 and +ad
notced +er tal3n& to /rs. Barr"1 and t+o)&+t +er 2er" $rett". T+s 8as all I
3ne8 or e2er +eard of t+e $eo$le. On ()nda" 'ornn&1 8+en +ii,IK- I ca'e
nto t+e dra8n&Croo' for brea3fast1 I t+o)&+t '" +)sband loo3ed a lttle
)nco'fortableG +o8e2er1 +e sad not+n& tll I +ad fns+ed brea3fast1 t+en
as3ed1 ,d "o) +ear a nose of a c+ar n t+e +all a lttle 8+le a&oW T+e old
lad" do8nstars ded n +er c+ar last n&+t1 and t+e" 8ere 8+eeln& +er nto
t+e bedroo' at t+e bac3.9 I 8as 2er" )nco'fortable and fr&+tenedG I +ad
ne2er been n a +o)se 8t+ an" one dead before1 and 8anted to &o1 and
se2eral frends 8+o +eard of t as3ed 'e to sta" 8t+ t+e'1 b)t '" +)sband
dd not 8s+ to 'o2e. -e sad t 8as a &reat deal of tro)ble1 8as reall"
fools+ of 'e to 8s+ t1 t+at +e dd not l3e 'o2n& on ()nda"1 also t+at +e
dd not t+n3 t r&+t or 3nd to &o a8a" beca)se so'e one +ad ded1 t+at 8e
s+o)ld t+n3 t )n3nd f t+e case +ad been o)r o8n1 and ot+er $eo$le +ad
r)s+ed off n a +)rr"G so 8e decded to sta". I s$ent t+e da" 8t+ '"
brot+erCnCla8 and neces1 and onl" ret)rned to t+e lod&n&s n t'e to &o to
bed. I 8ent to slee$ E)c3l" as )s)al1 b)t 8o3e1 I s)$$ose1 n t+e 'ddle of
t+e n&+t1 not fr&+tened b" an" nose1 and for no reason1 and sa8 dstnctl"
at t+e foot of t+e bed an old &entle'an 8t+ a ro)nd ros" face1 s'ln&1 +s
+at n +s +and1 dressed n an oldCfas+oned coat (bl)e) 8t+ brass b)ttons1
l&+t 8astcoat1 and tro)sers. T+e lon&er I loo3ed at +' t+e 'ore dstnctl"
I sa8 e2er" feat)re and $artc)lar of +s dress1 &c. I dd not feel ')c+
fr&+tened1 and after a t'e s+)t '" e"es for a 'n)te or t8o1 and 8+en I
loo3ed a&an t+e old &entle'an 8as &one. %fter a t'e I 8ent to slee$1 and
n t+e 'ornn&1 8+le dressn&1 'ade )$ '" 'nd t+at I 8o)ld sa" not+n&
of 8+at I +ad seen tll I sa8 one of '" neces1 and 8o)ld t+en descrbe t+e
old &entle'an1 and as3 f ,r. R. co)ld be l3e +'1 alt+o)&+ t+e dea see'ed
abs)rd. I 'et '" nece1 /ar" Co$eland (no8 /rs. Brandln&)1 co'n& o)t
of c+)rc+1 and sad1 6as ,r. R. l3e an old &entle'an 8t+ a ro)nd ros"
face19 &c.1 &c.1 descrbn& 8+at I +ad seen. (+e sto$$ed at once on t+e
$a2e'ent1 loo3n& astons+ed. 6+o co)ld +a2e told "o)1 a)ntW 6e al8a"s
sad +e loo3ed 'ore l3e a co)ntr" far'er t+an a doctor1 and +o8 odd t 8as
t+at s)c+ a co''onCloo3n& 'an s+o)ld +a2e +ad s)c+ $rett" da)&+ters.9
T+s s an e#act acco)nt of 8+at I sa8. I a' E)te s)re I s+o)ld 3no8
t+e old &entle'an a&an1 +s face s clearl" before 'e 8+en I t+n3 of t
no81 as at t+e t'e /ss de L"s +ad a letter fro' 'e 8t+ t+e stor"1 and sent
t to a relaton n 4ranceG s+e +eard 'e tell t a&an so'e "ears after1 and
sad t+ere 8as no 2araton 8+ate2er n t. /" t8o neces are stll l2n&1 and
can re'e'ber e#actl" e2er"t+n& t+at +a$$ened as I told t to t+e'. Of
co)rse I cannot e#$lan t n an" 8a"G t+e old lad" 8+o 8as dead 8as n t+e
roo' drectl" )nder t+e one I 8as slee$n& n. T+e $art of t+e 8+ole t+n&
t+at s)r$rsed 'e t+e 'ost 8as1 t+at I 8as so 2er" lttle fr&+tened as to be
able to slee$ after8ards1 and dd not 8s+ to dst)rb an" one else.
/r. Bacc+)s 8rtesJ
LE%/I!GTO!1 September .=th, *AAB.
I +a2e read '" 8fe5s acco)nt of 8+at +a$$ened at C+elten+a' 8+en
8e 8ere sta"n& t+ere n October *ABAG t s e#actl" 8+at s+e told 'e at t+e
t'e1 and I re'e'ber t all $erfectl"1 also +er telln& '" nece abo)t t n t+e
'ornn&.
-E!RY B%CC-:(.
In ans8er to f)rt+er E)estons1 /rs. Bacc+)s re$led as follo8sJ
September <th, *AAB.
(*) I +a2e ne2er seen an"t+n& of t+e 3nd before or snce.
(.) I &a2e t+e date fro' 'e'or". T+e da" 8as (at)rda"1 and t 8as
()nda" n&+t1 or earl" on /onda" 'ornn&1 t+at I sa8 ,r. R.
+ii,IL-
(;) I do not re'e'ber t+e n)'ber n Yor3 TerraceG $robabl" t+e Times
of October *ABA 8o)ld &2e /rs. R.5s deat+ and 8+ere t too3 $lace. LT+e
Times &2es t+e deat+ at = Yor3 Terrace1 ()nda"1 October .?t+1 *ABA.M
(<) T+e letter to /ss de L"s cannot be fo)ndG all '" letters to +er 8ere
b)rnt after s+e ded n *AA;.
(?) /r. Bacc+)s and /rs. -enr" Ber3ele" +a2e &2en t+er acco)nt.
/rs. Brandln& +as not "et 8rtten.
(B) I a' E)te s)re I ne2er sa8 an" $ct)re of an" 3nd of ,r. R.
(=) I do not 3no8 8+en +e dedG $robabl" t+ree or fo)r "ears before I
sa8 +'. -s deat+ 8as s$o3en of n t+at 8a". I can fnd o)t f necessar"
fro' an old ser2ant of /r. Co$eland5s 8+o l2es at C+elten+a'1 and 8+o
8o)ld re'e'ber +'1 and be able to nE)re.
(A) I do not re'e'ber an"t+n& abo)t t+e l&+t1 f t+ere 8as a n&+tCl&+t
n t+e roo' or notG I t+n3 not. 6+en I sa"1 do not re'e'ber19 I 'ean t+at
ben& as3ed $)NNles 'eG '" '$resson of t+e 8+ole t+n& s t+at t 8as l3e
a 'a&c lantern1 all dar3 ro)nd1 and t+e f&)re1 colo)r1 and clot+es E)te
l&+t and br&+t. I al8a"s see t+e 8+ole t+n& 8+en I s$ea3 of t.
I(%BELLE B%CC-:(.
(tate'ents 8ere also obtaned fro' /rs. Ber3ele" and /rs. Brandln&1
neces of /rs. Bacc+)s1 confr'n& +er recollecton t+at s+e +ad descrbed
t+e detals of t+e a$$arton to t+e' t+e ne#t 'ornn&1 and t+at t closel"
rese'bled ,r. R.1 as t+e" re'e'bered +'. T+ese state'ents are $rnted n
f)ll n t+e &roceedings.
/r. R. ded (as /rs. Bacc+)s ascertaned for )s)1 %)&)st ;>t+1 *AB?.
*(1 . I no8 co'e to a consderable &ro)$ of cases 8+ere t+e de$arted
s$rt s+o8s a defnte 3no8led&e of so'e fact connected 8t+ +s o8n
eart+Clfe1 +s deat+1 or s)bseE)ent e2ents connected 8t+ t+at deat+. T+e
3no8led&e of s)bseE)ent e2ents1 as of t+e s$read of t+e ne8s of +s deat+1
or as to t+e $lace of +s b)ral1 s1 of co)rse1 a &reater ac+e2e'ent (so to
ter' t) t+an a 'ere recollecton of facts 3no8n to +' n lfe1 and o)&+t
strctl"1 on t+e $lan of t+s seres1 to be frst ll)strated. B)t t 8ll be seen
t+at all t+ese sta&es of 3no8led&e co+ere to&et+erG and t+er connecton can
better be s+o8n f I be&n at t+e lo8er sta&e1of 'ere eart+C'e'or". !o8
+ere a&an1 as so often alread"1 8e s+all +a2e to 8at for a)to'atc scr$t
and t+e l3e to ll)strate t+e f)ll e#tent of t+e deceased $erson5s $ossble
'e'or". Readers of t+e )tterances1 for nstance1 of Geor&e Pel+a'9 (see
C+a$ter I0.)1 8ll 3no8 +o8 f)ll and acc)rate 'a" be t+ese recollectons
fro' be"ond t+e &ra2e. /ereCa$$artons1 s)c+ as t+ose 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are
no8 dealn&1 can rarel" &2e 'ore t+an one bref 'essa&e1 $robabl" felt b"
t+e deceased to be of )r&ent '$ortance.
I 8ll E)ote at len&t+ a 8ellCattested case 8+ere t+e nfor'aton
co'')ncated n a 2son $ro2ed to be defnte1 acc)rate1 and '$ortant to
t+e s)r22ors. (4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .>>K.>?.)
*
+ii,IM-
T+e frst re$ort of t+e case a$$eared n The 'erad (,)b)E)e1 Io8a)1
4ebr)ar" **t+1 *A@*1 as follo8sJ
It 8ll be re'e'bered t+at on 4ebr)ar" .nd1 /c+ael Conle"1 a far'er
l2n& near Iona1 C+c3asa8 Co)nt"1 8as fo)nd dead n an o)t+o)se at t+e
7efferson +o)se. -e 8as carred to Coroner -off'ann5s 'or&)e1 8+ere1
after t+e nE)est1 +s bod" 8as $re$ared for s+$'ent to +s late +o'e. T+e
old clot+es 8+c+ +e 8ore 8ere co2ered 8t+ flt+ fro' t+e $lace 8+ere +e
8as fo)nd1 and t+e" 8ere t+ro8n o)tsde t+e 'or&)e on t+e &ro)nd.
-s son ca'e fro' Iona1 and too3 t+e cor$se +o'e. 6+en +e reac+ed
t+ere1 and one of t+e da)&+ters 8as told t+at +er fat+er 8as dead1 s+e fell
nto a s8oon1 n 8+c+ s+e re'aned for se2eral +o)rs. 6+en at last s+e 8as
bro)&+t fro' t+e s8oon1 s+e sad1 6+ere are fat+er5s old clot+esW -e +as
D)st a$$eared to 'e dressed n a 8+te s+rt1 blac3 clot+es1 and felt L'sC
re$orted for satinM sl$$ers1 and told 'e t+at after lea2n& +o'e +e se8ed a
lar&e roll of blls nsde +s &re" s+rt 8t+ a $ece of '" red dress1 and t+e
'one" s stll t+ere.9 In a s+ort t'e s+e fell nto anot+er s8oon1 and 8+en
o)t of t de'anded t+at so'ebod" &o to ,)b)E)e and &et t+e clot+es. (+e
8as deat+l" sc31 and s so "et.
T+e entre fa'l" consdered t onl" a +all)cnaton1 b)t t+e $+"scan
ad2sed t+e' to &et t+e clot+es1 as t '&+t set +er 'nd at rest. T+e son
tele$+oned Coroner -off'ann1 as3n& f t+e clot+es 8ere stll n +s
$ossesson. -e loo3ed and fo)nd t+e' n t+e bac3"ard1 alt+o)&+ +e +ad
s)$$osed t+e" 8ere t+ro8n n t+e 2a)lt1 as +e +ad ntended. -e ans8ered
t+at +e stll +ad t+e'1 and on ben& jtold t+at t+e son 8o)ld co'e to &et
t+e'1 t+e" 8ere 8ra$$ed n a b)ndle.
T+e "o)n& 'an arr2ed last /onda" afternoon1 and told Coroner
-off'ann 8+at +s sster +ad sad. /r. -off'ann ad'tted t+at t+e lad" +ad
descrbed t+e dentcal b)ral &arb n 8+c+ +er fat+er 8as clad1 e2en to t+e
sl$$ers1 alt+o)&+ s+e ne2er sa8 +' after deat+1 and none of t+e fa'l" +ad
seen 'ore t+an +s face t+ro)&+ t+e coffn ld. C)rost" ben& f)ll" aro)sed1
t+e" too3 t+e &re" s+rt fro' t+e b)ndle1 and 8t+n t+e boso' fo)nd a lar&e
roll of blls se8ed 8t+ a $ece of red clot+. T+e "o)n& 'an sad +s sster
+ad a red dress e#actl" l3e t. T+e sttc+es 8ere lar&e and rre&)lar1 and
loo3ed to be t+ose of a 'an. T+e son 8ra$$ed )$ t+e &ar'ents and too3
t+e' +o'e 8t+ +' "esterda" 'ornn&1 flled 8t+ 8onder at t+e
s)$ernat)ral re2elaton 'ade to +s sster1 8+o s at $resent ln&ern&
bet8een lfe and deat+.
,r. -od&son co'')ncated 8t+ t+e $ro$retors of The 'erad, and
bot+ t+e" and t+er re$orter 8+o +ad 8rtten t+e acco)nt stated t+at t 8as
strctl" acc)rate. T+e coroner1 /r. -off'ann1 8rote to ,r. -od&son on
/arc+ *At+1 *A@*1 as follo8sJ
In re&ard to t+e state'ent n t+e ,)b)E)e 'erad, abo)t 4ebr)ar" *@t+1
abo)t t+e Conle" 'atter s 'ore t+an tr)e b" '" n2est&aton. I la)&+ed
and dd not bele2e n t+e 'atter 8+en I frst +eard of t1 )ntl I satsfed
'"self b" n2est&atn& and seen& 8+at I dd.
/. /. -O44/%!!1 Co)nt" Coroner.
4)rt+er e2dence 8as obtaned t+ro)&+ /r. %'os Cr)'1 $astor of a
c+)rc+ at ,)b)E)e. T+e follo8n& state'ent 8as 'ade b" /r. Bro8n1 +ii,
IN- 8+o' /r Cr)' descrbed as an ntell&ent and relable far'er1
resdn& abo)t one 'le fro' t+e Conle"s.9
IO!I%1 1uy .>th, *A@*.
ElNabet+ Conle"1 t+e s)bDect of so ')c+ co''ent n t+e 2aro)s
$a$ers1 8as born n C+c3asa8 to8ns+$1 C+c3asa8 Co)nt"1 Io8a1 n
/arc+ *AB;. -er 'ot+er ded t+e sa'e "ear. Is of Irs+ $arenta&eG bro)&+t
)$1 and s1 a Ro'an Cat+olcG +as been 3ee$n& +o)se for +er fat+er for ten
"ears.
On t+e *st da" of 4ebr)ar" *A@* +er fat+er 8ent to ,)b)E)e1 Io8a1 for
'edcal treat'ent1 and ded on t+e ;rd of t+e sa'e 'ont+ 2er" s)ddenl".
-s son 8as notfed b" tele&ra$+ t+e sa'e da"1 and +e and I started t+e ne#t
'ornn& after t+e re'ans1 8+c+ 8e fo)nd n c+ar&e of Coroner -off'ann.
-e +ad @ dollars =? cents1 8+c+ +e +ad ta3en fro' +s $oc3etCboo3. I
t+n3 t 8as abo)t t8o da"s after o)r ret)rn s+e +ad t+e drea' or 2son. (+e
cla'ed +er fat+er +ad a$$eared to +er1 and told +er t+ere 8as a s)' of
'one" n an nsde $oc3et of +s )nders+rt. -er brot+er started for
,)b)E)e a fe8 da"s after8ards1 and fo)nd t+e clot+es as 8e +ad left t+e'1
and n t+e $oc3et referred to fo)nd ;> dollars n c)rrenc". T+ese are t+e
facts of t+e 'atter as near as I can &2e t+e'.
GEORGE BRO6!.
/r. Cr)' 8rote laterJ
,:B:X:E1 IO6%1 August *?th1 *A@*.
,E%R /R. -O,G(O!1I send "o) n anot+er co2er a detaled acco)nt
of nter2e8 8t+ t+e Conle"s. I co)ld not &et t+e doctor.
I +a2e +ad a lon& tal3 8t+ /r. -off'ann abo)t t+e Conle" ncdent1
and t+n3 "o) +a2e all t+e factsand t+e" are $acts.
T+e &rl LNNe Conle" s8ooned. (+e sa8 +er dead fat+erG s+e +eard
fro' +' of t+e 'one" left n +s old s+rtG s+e ret)rned to bodl"
consco)snessG s+e descrbed +er fat+er5s b)ral dress1 robe1 s+rt1 and
sl$$ers e#actl"1 t+o)&+ s+e +ad ne2er seen t+e'. (+e descrbed t+e $oc3et
n t+e s+rt t+at +ad been left for da"s n t+e s+ed at t+e )nderta3er5s. It 8as
a ra&&edCed&ed $ece of red clot+ cl)'sl" se8n1 and n t+s $oc3et 8as
fo)nd a roll of blls;? dollars n a'o)ntas ta3en o)t b" /r. -off'ann
n $resence of Pat Conle"1 son of t+e deceased1 and brot+er of t+e LNNe
Conle" 8+ose re'ar3able drea' or 2son s t+e s)bDect of nE)r".
%/O( CR:/1 Past. :n2. C+.
YI +ere8t+ transcrbe '" E)estons addressed to /ss ElNabet+
Conle" and +er re$les to t+e sa'e concernn& +er alle&ed drea' or 2son.
Y
On 7)l" *=t+1 abo)t noon1 I called at t+e Conle" +o'e near Iona1
C+c3asa8 Co)nt"1 Io8a1 and nE)red for ElNabet+ Conle". (+e 8as
$resent and en&a&ed n +er do'estc labo)rs. 6+en I stated t+e obDect of '"
call1 s+e see'ed E)te rel)ctant for a 'o'ent to en&a&e n con2ersaton.
T+en s+e drected a lad 8+o 8as $resent to lea2e t+e roo'. (+e sad s+e
8o)ld con2erse 8t+ 'e )$on t+e 'atter $ertann& to +er fat+er.
X. 6+at s "o)r a&eW %. T8ent"Ce&+t.
X. 6+at s t+e state of "o)r +ealt+W %. !ot &ood snce '" fat+er5s deat+.
X. 6+at 8as t+e state of "o)r +ealt+ $re2o)s to +s deat+W %. It 8as
&ood. I 8as a +ealt+" &rl.
X. ,d "o) +a2e drea's1 2sons1 or s8oons $re2o)s to "o)r fat+er5s
deat+W
%. 6+"1 I +ad dreams. E2er"bod" +as drea's.
+ii,IO-
X. -a2e "o) e2er 'ade dsco2eres or rece2ed ot+er nfor'aton d)rn&
"o)r drea's or 2sons $re2o)s to "o)r fat+er5s deat+W %. !o.
X. -ad t+ere been an"t+n& )n)s)al n "o)r drea's or 2sons $re2o)s
to "o)r fat+er5s deat+W %. !o1 not t+at I 3no8 of.
X. 6as "o)r fat+er n t+e +abt of carr"n& consderable s)'s of 'one"
abo)t +s $ersonW %. !ot t+at I 3ne8 of.
X. ,d "o) 3no8 be$ore his death of t+e $oc3et n t+e breast of t+e s+rt
8orn b" +' to ,)b)E)eW %. !o.
X. ,d "o) 8as+ or $re$are t+at s+rt for +' to 8ear on +s tr$ to
,)b)E)eW %. !o. It 8as a +ea2" 8oollen )nders+rt1 and t+e $oc3et 8as
sttc+ed nsde of t+e breast of t.
X. 6ll "o) recte t+e crc)'stances connected 8t+ t+e reco2er" of
'one" fro' clot+n& 8orn b" "o)r fat+er at t+e t'e of +s deat+W %. (after
so'e +estaton) 6+en t+e" told 'e t+at fat+er 8as dead I felt 2er" sc3 and
badG I dd not 3no8 an"t+n&. T+en fat+er ca'e to 'e. -e +ad on a 8+te
s+rt and blac3 clot+es and sl$$ers. 6+en I ca'e to1 I told Pat L+er brot+erM
I +ad seen fat+er. I as3ed +' (Pat) f +e +ad bro)&+t bac3 fat+er5s old
clot+es. -e sad1 !o19 and as3ed 'e 8+" I 8anted t+e'. I told +' fat+er
sad to 'e +e +ad se8ed a roll of blls nsde of +s &re" s+rt1 n a $oc3et
'ade of a $ece of '" old red dress. I 8ent to slee$1 and fat+er ca'e to 'e
a&an. 6+en I a8o3e I told Pat +e ')st &o and &et t+e clot+es.
X. 6+le n t+ese s8oons dd "o) +ear t+e ordnar" con2ersatons or
noses n t+e +o)se abo)t "o)W %. !o.
X. ,d "o) see "o)r fat+er5s bod" after t 8as $laced n ts coffnW %.
!oG I dd not see +' after +e left t+e +o)se to &o to ,)b)E)e.
X. -a2e "o) an ed)catonW %. !o.
X. Can "o) read and 8rteW %. O+ "es1 I can read and 8rteG b)t I52e not
been to sc+ool ')c+.
X. %re "o) 8lln& to 8rte o)t 8+at "o) +a2e told 'e of t+s stran&e
affarW %. 6+"1 I52e told "o) all I 3no8 abo)t t.
(+e 8as a2erse to 8rtn& or to s&nn& a 8rtten state'ent. ,)rn& t+e
con2ersaton s+e 8as E)te e'otonal1 and 'anfested ')c+ effort to
s)$$ress +er feeln&s. (+e s a lttle 'ore t+an 'ed)' sNe1 of Irs+
$arenta&e1 of Cat+olc fat+1 and s+o8s b" +er con2ersaton t+at +er
ed)caton s l'ted.
-er brot+er1 Pat Conle"1 corroborates all t+at s+e +as rected. -e s a
sncere and s)bstantal 'an1 and +as no t+eor" )$on 8+c+ to acco)nt for
t+e stran&e facts t+at +a2e co'e to +s 3no8led&e. In +s $resence Coroner
-off'ann1 n ,)b)E)e1 fo)nd t+e s+rt 8t+ ts $oc3et of red clot+ sttc+ed
on t+e nsde 8t+ lon&1 stra&&ln&1 and a838ard sttc+es1 D)st as a d'C
s&+ted old 'an or an a838ard bo" '&+t se8 t t+ere. T+e $oc3et 8as
abo)t = Lse2enM nc+es dee$1 and n t+e $oc3et of t+at drt" old s+rt t+at +ad
lan n -off'ann5s bac3 roo' 8as a roll of blls a'o)ntn& to ;? dollars.
6+en t+e s+rt 8as fo)nd 8t+ t+e $oc3et1 as descrbed b" +s sster after
+er s8oon1 and t+e 'one" as told +er b" t+e old 'an a$ter his death, Pat
Conle" see'ed daNed and o2erco'e b" t+e '"ster". -off'ann sa"s t+e
&rl1 after +er s8oon1 descrbed e#actl" t+e b)ral s)t1 s+rt1 coat or robe1
and satn sl$$ers n 8+c+ t+e bod" 8as $re$ared for b)ral. (+e e2en
descrbed 'n)tel" t+e sl$$ers 8+c+ 8ere of a ne8 $attern t+at +ad not
been n t+e 'ar3et +ere1 and 8+c+ t+e &rl co)ld ne2er +a2e seen a sa'$le
ofG and s+e +ad not seen1 and ne2er +ii,JP- sa81 t+e bod" of +er fat+er after
t 8as $laced n t+e coffn1 and f s+e +ad seen t s+e co)ld not +a2e seen +s
feet n t+e nce blac3 satn sl$$ers9 8+c+ s+e descrbed.Y
%/O( CR:/1 Pastor :n2. C+)rc+.
If 8e 'a" acce$t t+e detals of t+s narrat2e1 8+c+ see's to +a2e been
caref)ll" and $ro'$tl" n2est&ated1 8e fnd t+at t+e $+antas'
co'')ncates t8o sets of factsJ one of t+e' 3no8n onl" to stran&ers (t+e
dress n 8+c+ +e 8as b)red)1 and one of t+e' 3no8n onl" to +'self (t+e
e#stence of t+e nsde $oc3et and t+e 'one" t+eren). In dsc)ssn& fro'
8+at 'nd t+ese 'a&es or&nate t s1 of co)rse1 '$ortant to note 8+et+er
an" l2n& 'nds1 3no8n or )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent1 8ere a8are of t+e
facts t+)s con2e"ed.
T+ere are fe8 cases 8+ere t+e co'')ncaton bet8een t+e $erc$ent
and t+e deceased see's to +a2e been 'ore drect t+an +ere. T+e +ard1
$rosac realt" of t+e detals of t+e 'essa&e need not1 of co)rse1 s)r$rse )s.
On t+e contrar"1 t+e fat+er5s s)dden deat+ n t+e 'dst of eart+l" b)sness
8o)ld at once retan +s attenton on 'one" 'atters and facltate +s
'$ressn& t+e' on t+e da)&+ter5s 'nd. One 8s+es t+at 'ore co)ld be
learned of t+e da)&+ter5s condton 8+en rece2n& t+e 'essa&e. It see's to
+a2e rese'bled trance rat+er t+an drea'.
*(( . % drea' n 8+c+ a 'essa&e of so'e8+at t+e sa'e 3nd s &2en
s +ere added n *(( A 1 after 8+c+ 8ll also be fo)nd (n *(( B ) one of t+e
fe8 od cases 8+ose lnea&e s s)ffcentl" res$ectable to allo8 ts entrance
+ere. T+e $reocc)$aton n eac+ case t)rns on t+e f)lfl'ent of a s'all d)t".
One ot+er case n t+s &ro)$ I ')st E)ote at len&t+. It ll)strates t+e fact t+at
t+e cases of dee$est nterest are often t+e +ardest for t+e nE)rer to &et +old
of.
4ro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ;A?KAB.
T+e acco)nt of t+e $erc$ent1 Baron B. 2on ,resen1 8as 8rtten n
!o2e'ber *A@>1 and +as been translated fro' t+e R)ssan b" /r. /.
Petro2oC(olo2o2o1 8+o sent )s t+e case.
LBaron 2on ,resen be&ns b" sa"n& t+at +e +as ne2er bele2ed and
does not bele2e n t+e s)$ernat)ral1 and t+at +e s 'ore nclned to attrb)te
t+e a$$arton +e sa8 to +s e#cted fanc"9 t+an to an"t+n& else. %fter
t+ese $rel'nar" re'ar3s +e $roceeds as follo8sJM
I ')st tell "o) t+at '" fat+erCnCla81 /. !. 7. Pono'areff1 ded n t+e
co)ntr". T+s dd not +a$$en at once1 b)t after a lon& and $anf)l llness1
8+ose s+ar$ $+ases +ad obl&ed '" 8fe and '"self to Don +' lon& before
+s deat+. I +ad not been on &ood ter's 8t+ /. Pono'areff. ,fferent
crc)'stances1 8+c+ are o)t of $lace n t+s narrat2e1 +ad estran&ed )s
fro' eac+ ot+er1 and t+ese relatons dd not c+an&e )ntl +s deat+. -e ded
2er" E)etl"1 after +a2n& &2en +s blessn& to all +s fa'l"1 ncl)dn&
'"self. % lt)r&" for t+e rest of +s so)l 8as to be celebrated on t+e nnt+
da". I re'e'ber 2er" 8ell +o8 I 8ent to bed bet8een one and t8o o5cloc3
on t+e e2e of t+at da"1 and +o8 I read t+e Gos$el before falln& aslee$. /"
8fe 8as slee$n& n t+e sa'e roo'. It 8as $erfectl" E)et. I +ad D)st $)t o)t
t+e candle 8+en footste$s 8ere +eard n t+e adDacent roo'a so)nd of
sl$$ers +ii,JG- s+)ffln&1 I '&+t sa"8+c+ ceased before t+e door of o)r
bedroo'. I called o)t1 6+o s t+ereW9 !o ans8er. I str)c3 one 'atc+1 t+en
anot+er1 and 8+en after t+e stfln& s'ell of t+e s)l$+)r t+e fre +ad l&+ted
)$ t+e roo'1 I sa8 /. Pono'areff standn& before t+e closed door. Yes1 t
8as +e1 n +s bl)e dressn&C&o8n1 lned 8t+ sE)rrel f)rs and onl" +alfC
b)ttoned1 so t+at I co)ld see +s 8+te 8astcoat and +s blac3 tro)sers. It
8as +e )ndo)btedl". I 8as not fr&+tened. T+e" sa" t+at1 as a r)le1 one s
not fr&+tened 8+en seen& a &+ost1 as &+osts $ossess t+e E)alt" of
$aral"sn& fear.
6+at do "o) 8antW9 I as3ed '" fat+erCnCla8. /. Pono'areff 'ade
t8o ste$s for8ard1 sto$$ed before '" bed1 and sad1 Basl 4eodoro2tc+1 I
+a2e acted 8ron&l" to8ards "o). 4or&2e 'eZ 6t+o)t t+s I do not feel at
rest t+ere.9 -e 8as $ontn& to t+e celn& 8t+ +s left +and 8+lst +oldn&
o)t +s r&+t to 'e. I seNed t+s +and1 8+c+ 8as lon& and cold1 s+oo3 t1
and ans8ered1 !c+olas I2ano2tc+1 God s '" 8tness t+at I +a2e ne2er
+ad an"t+n& a&anst "o).9
LT+e &+ost ofM '" fat+erCnCla8 bo8ed Lor bent do8nM1 'o2ed a8a"1
and 8ent t+ro)&+ t+e o$$oste door nto t+e bllardCroo'1 8+ere +e
dsa$$eared. I loo3ed after +' for a 'o'ent1 crossed '"self1 $)t o)t t+e
candle1 and fell aslee$ 8t+ t+e sense of Do" 8+c+ a 'an 8+o +as done +s
d)t" ')st feel. T+e 'ornn& ca'e. /" 8fe5s brot+ers1 as 8ell as o)r
ne&+bo)rs and t+e $easants1 asse'bled1 and t+e lt)r&" 8as celebrated b"
o)r confessor1 t+e Re2. 4at+er Basl. B)t 8+en all 8as o2er1 t+e sa'e 4at+er
Basl led 'e asde1 and sad to 'e '"stero)sl"1 Basl 4eodoro2tc+1 I +a2e
&ot so'et+n& to sa" to "o) n $r2ate.9 /" 8fe +a2n& co'e near )s at t+s
'o'ent1 t+e cler&"'an re$eated +s 8s+. I ans8ered1 4at+er Basl1 I +a2e
no secrets fro' '" 8feG $lease tell )s 8+at "o) 8s+ed to tell 'e alone.9
T+en 4at+er Basl1 8+o s l2n& tll no8 n t+e Ro $ars+ of t+e dstrct
of Ras+n LGo2. of T2erM1 sad to 'e n a rat+er sole'n 2oce1 T+s n&+t at
t+ree o5cloc3 !c+olas I2ano2tc+ LPono'areffM a$$eared to 'e and be&&ed
of 'e to reconcle +' to "o).9
((&ned) B%RO! B%(IL ,RIE(E!.
/r. (olo2o2o addsJ
T+e Baroness 2on ,resen s no8 dead1 so t+at +er e2dence cannot be
obtanedY
I also sa8 Baron Basl 2on ,resen +'self1 and s$o3e 8t+ +' abo)t
/. Pono'areff5s &+ost. -e stated to 'e t+at f +e 8ere &on& to de
to'orro81 +e s+o)ld stll be read" to s8ear to t+e fact of +s +a2n& seen t+e
a$$arton1 or so'et+n& to t+s effect. I as3ed +' to obtan for 'e t+e
cler&"'an5s acco)nt1 to 8+o' I +ad alread" 8rtten before seen& Baron
2on ,resen (t+o)&+ not 3no8n& +')1 b)t 8t+o)t rece2n& an ans8er
8+c+ s b)t nat)ral1 after all. Baron 2on ,resen 3ndl" $ro'sed to $roc)re
for 'e t+e acco)nt n E)eston1 as t 8as t+en +s ntenton to 2st dfferent
estates n Central R)ssa1 ncl)dn& t+e one t+at +ad belon&ed to /.
Pono'areff.
Baron !c+olas 2on ,resenBaron Basl5s soncalled on 'e a fe8
da"s a&o. -e stated1 8t+ re&ard to t+e case n E)eston1 t+at t 8as
necessar" to see t+e cler&"'an n order to nd)ce +' to 8rte an acco)nt of
8+at +ad +a$$ened to +'.
Baron !. 2on ,resen after8ards sent a note to /r. (olo2o2o1 statn&
t+at +s &randfat+er (/. Pono'areff) ded on !o2e'ber .*st1 *AB>G and +ii,
JH- t+e test'on" of t+e $rest 8as obtaned later. /r. (olo2o2o1 8+o +ad
alread" ascertaned nde$endentl" t+at t+e Re2. Basl BaDenoff +ad been a
$rest at Ro n t+e "ear *AB*1 and 8as t+ere stll1 8rtesJ
T+e follo8n& s t+e translaton of t+e Re2. Basl BaDenoff5s state'entJ

ROI1 1uy HIrd LAugust <thM1 *A@*.

To t+e acco)nt I +eard fro' Baron B. 4. ,resen n t+e $resence of +s
8fe5s brot+ers1 //. !. !.1 %. !.1 and I. !. Pono'areff1 as to +o8 /.
!c+olas I. Pono'areff a$$eared to +' n t+e n&+t of !o2e'ber .@K;>t+1
*AB>1 +a2n& ded nne da"s before1 and be&&ed of t+e Baron to be
reconcled to +'1 I 'a" add t+at to 'e also dd +e a$$ear at the same time
and 8t+ t+e sa'e reE)est1 8+c+ fact1 before +earn& t+e Baron5s narrat2e1
I co'')ncated to all t+ose $resent at t+e lt)r&" for t+e rest of t+e so)l of
t+e late /. !. I. Pono'areff.
((&ned) B%(IL B%7E!O441
Prest of Trnt" C+)rc+1 at Ro1 ,strct of Ras+n1
Go2ern'ent of T2er.9
*(3 . In t+s connecton I 'a" refer a&an to /rs. (tore5s drea' of t+e
deat+ of +er brot+er n a ral8a" accdent1 &2en n C+a$ter IV. . +(* /.
6+le I t+n3 t+at G)rne" 8as r&+tn t+e state of t+e e2dence at t+e t'e
&hantasms o$ the .iving 8as 8rttenn don& +s best to brn& t+s
ncdent )nder t+e +ead of tele$at+c clar2o"ance1 I "et feel t+at t+e
3no8led&e snce &aned 'a3es t '$ossble for 'e to ad+ere to t+at 2e8. I
cannot re&ard t+e 2sonar" scene as 8+oll" reflected fro' t+e 'nd of t+e
d"n& 'an. I cannot t+n31 n t+e frst $lace1 t+at t+e 2son of /r.
7o+nstone1nter$olated 8t+ see'n& rrele2ance a'on& t+e detals of t+e
dsaster1dd onl" b" accdent concde 8t+ t+e fact t+at t+at &entle'an
reall" #as n t+e tran1 and 8t+ t+e f)rt+er fact t+at t 8as he 8+o
co'')ncated t+e fact of /r. -)nter5s deat+ to /r. and /rs. (tore. I ')st
s)$$ose t+at t+e co'')ncatn& ntell&ence 8as a8are of /r. 7o+nstone5s
$resence1 and at least &)essed t+at )$on +' (as a cler&"'an) t+at tas3
8o)ld nat)rall" fall. !or can I $ass o2er as $)rel" s"'bolc so '$ortant a
$art of t+e 2son as t+e second $igure, and t+e scra$ of con2ersaton1 8+c+
see'ed to be +alf +eard. I t+erefore consder t+at t+e case falls a'on& t+ose
8+ere a frend recentl" de$arted a$$ears n co'$an" of so'e ot+er frend1
dead so'e t'e before.
*(+ . 6e +a2e t+)s seen t+e s$rt occ)$ed s+ortl" after deat+ 8t+
2aro)s d)tes or en&a&e'ents1 s'all or &reat1 8+c+ t +as nc)rred d)rn&
lfe on eart+. ()c+ tes see' to $ro'$t or ad ts acton )$on ts old
s)rro)ndn&s. %nd +ere an '$ortant reflecton occ)rs. Can 8e prepare
s)c+ a te for t+e de$artn& s$rtW Can 8e create for t so'e 8elco'e and
+el$f)l tran of assocaton 8+c+ 'a" facltate t+e selfC'anfestaton
8+c+ 'an" so)ls a$$ear to desreW I bele2e t+at 8e can to so'e e#tent do
t+s. %t an earl" sta&e of o)r collecton1 Ed')nd G)rne" 8as str)c3 b" t+e
)ne#$ectedl" lar&e $ro$orton of cases 8+ere t+e $erc$ent nfor'ed )s
t+at t+ere +ad been a compact bet8een +'self and t+e deceased $erson t+at
8+c+e2er $assed a8a" frst s+o)ld tr" to a$$ear to t+e ot+er. +ii,JI-
Consdern&19 +e adds1 8+at an e#tre'el" s'all n)'ber of $ersons 'a3e
s)c+ a co'$act1 co'$ared 8t+ t+ose 8+o do not1 t s dffc)lt to resst t+e
concl)son t+at ts e#stence +as a certan effcac".9
T+e cases recorded n &hantasms o$ the .iving are s)c+ as fell1 or 'a"
+a2e fallen1 8t+n t8el2e +o)rs of t+e deat+G ot+er8se t+e" 8o)ld not +a2e
been ntrod)ced nto t+at 8or3. It 8ll1 of co)rse1 occ)r to t+e reader t+at
snce t+e es$ecal obDect of t+at co'$act s to ass)re t+e s)r22n& frend
t+at t+e deceased $erson +as safel" tra2ersed t+e &ate of deat+1 ts f)lfl'ent
affords so'e $res)'$ton t+at +e s not 'erel" a$$roac+n& t+at &ate1 b)t
feels t+at +e +as $assed t. On t+e ot+er +and1 G)rne" re'ar3s1 t+at
consdern& +o8 often s$ontaneo)s tele$at+" acts 8t+o)t an" consco)s
set of t+e dstant 'nd to8ards t+e $erson '$ressed1 t s safer to refer t+e
$+eno'enon to t+e sa'e sort of blnd 'o2e'ents as see' so'et'es at
s)$re'e crses to e2o3e a res$onse o)t of 'e'ores and affntes t+at +a2e
lon& la$sed fro' consco)snessG on 8+c+ 2e8 t+e effcac" of t+e co'$act
'a" E)te as readl" be conce2ed to de$end on ts latent $lace n t+e
$erc$ent5s 'nd as n t+e a&ent5s.9
(nce t+ese 8ords 8ere 8rtten t+e &eneral trend of t+e e2dence +as
so'e8+at c+an&edG and t 'a" be 8ell brefl" to refer to t+e co'$actCcases
n &hantasms o$ the .iving, consdern& +o8 far t+e" see' to ndcate ante,
mortem or post,mortem co'')ncaton.
*(, . Ta3n& t+e cases as t+e" follo8 eac+ ot+er n t+at 8or31 t+e $irst
(2ol. . $. ;@?) s t+e 8ellC3no8n ncdent recorded b" Lord Bro)&+a'+s
2son1 8+le ta3n& a 8ar' bat+ n (8eden1 of a sc+ool frend fro' 8+o'
+e +ad $arted 'an" "ears before1 b)t 8t+ 8+o' +e +ad lon& a&o
co''tted t+e foll" of dra8n& )$ an a&ree'ent 8rtten 8t+ o)r blood1 to
t+e effect t+at 8+c+e2er of )s ded frst s+o)ld a$$ear to t+e ot+er1 and t+)s
sol2e an" do)bts 8e +ad entertaned of t+e lfe after deat+.9 T+s ncdent
+a$$ened abo)t . %./. a$$arentl" on ,ece'ber *@t+ ($ossbl" on
,ece'ber .>t+)1 *=@@. G. ded n Inda on ,ece'ber *@t+1 *=@@$lace
and +o)r not stated. T+e t'e n an" $art of Inda s1 of co)rse1 se2eral +o)rs
a+ead of t+e t'e n (8eden. In t+s case t+e t'eCconcdence cannot be
clearl" deter'ned.
T+e second co'$actCcase n &hantasms o$ the .iving (2ol. . $. <*@) tells
defntel" a&anst t+e ass)'$ton t+at t+e a$$arent f)lfl'ent of a co'$act
')st needs ndcate act)al deat+. Ca$tan P. 8as 8as+ed o2erboard at seaG
b)t t+o)&+ n e#tre'e dan&er1 dd not lose consco)sness1 ca)&+t +old of a
ro$e1 and 8as sa2ed. On t+e sa'e n&+t1 $er+a$s at t+e sa'e 'o'ent1 a lad"
8t+ 8+o' Ca$tan P. +ad 'ade a deat+Cco'$act1 sa8 +s $+antas' n +er
roo'. T+s see's $recsel" t+e 3nd of ncdent 8+c+ G)rne"5s lastCE)oted
sentences +a2e n 2e8.
T+e third case (2ol. . $. <.=) s re'ar3able nas')c+ as t+e $+antas'al
f&)re a$$eared not onl" to t+e $artner n t+e co'$act1 b)t also to a c+ld
)nacE)anted 8t+ t+e decedent1 b)t 8+o c+anced to be slee$n& n a roo'
near to t+at occ)$ed b" t+e sad $artner. It s not 3no8n 8+c+ +ii,JJ- of
t+e t8o a$$earances ca'e frstG b)t to t+e c+ld t+e f&)re a$$eared as
t+o)&+ &ro$n& ts 8a". T+e deat+ occ)rred on t+e sa'e n&+t1 b)t t+e t'eC
concdence s not 'ore $recsel" 3no8n.
In t+e $ourth case
*
(2ol. . $. ?>B) t+e concdence s sad to +a2e been
2er" closeJ t+e 'ot+er d"n& at f2e 'n)tes to t+ree1 and t+e son seen& t+e
f&)re D)st before t+e cloc3 str)c3 t+ree. It s1 of co)rse1 '$ossble to sa"
8+et+er t+e $+antas' $receded or follo8ed act)al deat+.
T+e $i$th case1 a&an1 &2en n C+a$ter VI. (''* A)1 s+o8s )s t+e
$+antas'1 8+c+ +ad been $ro'sed at deat+1 a$$earn& 8+en t+e a&ent 8as
stll al2e1 b)t +ad been st)nned b" a fall fro' a coac+1 8+c+ left for so'e
t'e ')c+ 'ental conf)son. T+e case s nterestn& as s+o8n& 8+at 'a"
be called a read" dssocablt" of s$rt and or&ans'1 concdent 8t+
co'$lete obsc)raton of t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness.
T+e si0th case s t+at of Ca$tan Colt of Garts+erre. I E)ote t+s at
len&t+ n *(, A1 snce t s $robablet+o)&+ not certant+at t+e a&ent +ad
been dead for so'e +o)rs at t+e t'e of t+e a$$arton. %llo8n& for
dfference of t'e1 +e +ad $robabl" been s+ot n t+e te'$le so'e fo)rteen
+o)rs before. -e +ad a$$arentl" not 'o2ed after +e 8as s+ot. -e +ad been
$re2o)sl" 8o)nded n se2eral $laces1 and no s)r&cal ad 8as attanable.
T+ere s +ere a c)ro)s analo&" 8t+ t+e narrat2e of t+e red scratch alread"
&2en. Ca$tan Colt sa"s1 I sa8Ya 8o)nd on t+e r&+t te'$le 8t+ a red
strea' fro' t. -s face 8as of a 8a#" $ale tnt19 &c. T+e red strea'9
t+e as$ect of t+e bod" D)st after deat+see's to +a2e been 'ade $ro'nent
for an e2dental $)r$ose. On t+e dead 'an5s bod" 8as fo)nd a letter fro'
+s brot+er1 t+e $erc$ent1 8+c+ be&&ed +'1 f 3lled n battle1 to 'anfest
+'self n t+e 2er" roo' n 8+c+ +s $+antas' dd act)all" a$$ear.
T+e seventh case (2ol. . $. ?;*) s t+at of a +alfCcaste Indan1 called
/o)ntan 7'19 o2er 8+o' t+e 8ellC3no8n tra2eller1 /rs. Bs+o$ (t+en
/ss Brd)1 +ad establs+ed a &reat nfl)ence. %t t+er last $artn& +e 2o8ed
t+at +e 8o)ld see +er a&an 8+en +e dedG and1 n fact1 so'e +o)rs et+er
before or after +s deat+ n Colorado s+e1 ben& n (8tNerland1 sa8 +s
$+antas'1 and +eard t+e 8ords1 I +a2e co'e1 as I $ro'sed.9
In t+e eighth caseC+e2aler 4enN5s (2ol. . $. B;)t+e $erc$ent +ad
a s)dden ft of dee$ de$resson1 and 8ent o)t to 8al3 on t+e seaCs+ore n t+e
'dst of a 2olent t+)nderstor'. T+ere +e t+o)&+t +e sa8 +s brot+er8+o
8as reall" at 4lorence1 se2ent" 'les off8al3n& a lttle 8a" off o2er
so'e roc3s1 be+nd one of 8+c+ t+e f&)re dsa$$eared. T+e brot+er ded at
t+e t'e. -e +ad not onl" $ro'sed to tr" to a$$ear after deat+1 b)t +ad at
t+e sa'e t'e $redcted to C+e2aler 4enN t+at +ii,JK- +e 8o)ld de 8t+n
t+ree 'ont+s. T+e $redcton 8as f)lflled. It 'a"1 of co)rse1 +a2e +ad so'e
nfl)ence n $rod)cn& C+e2aler 4enN5s e#$erence.
In t+e ninth case (2ol. . $. .?;)1 alread" referred to abo2e (n *1)/, t+e
decedent 8as stll l2n&1 b)t +er stron& desre +ad been for a s&+t of t+e
$erc$ent be$ore +er o8n deat+G and t+s s+e a$$ears to +a2e attaned.
In t+e tenth case (8+c+ s &2en at secondC+and n 2ol. . $. <==) t8o
&rl frends e#c+an&ed rn&s1 8t+ t+e $ro'se t+at t+e frend 8+o ded frst
8o)ld restore t+e rn& to t+e s)r22or. %t abo)t t+e t'e 8+en t+e frst
frend ded t+e s)r22n& frend sa8 +er standn& b" +er bedsde1 and
+oldn& o)t t+e rn&.
In t+e eeventh case (n 2ol. . $. <A@1 8+c+ s a&an at secondC+and1
and 2er" re'ote) t+ere 8ere t+ree $artes to t+e co'$act1 and t8o of t+ese
s)ccess2el" are sad to +a2e a$$eared at abo)t t+e t'e of deat+ to t+e last
s)r22or.
T+e t#e$th case (2ol. . $. <@B) alt+o)&+ secondC+and and re'ote1 8as
8rtten do8n a$$arentl" 8t+n a "ear of ts occ)rrence. T+e t'eC
concdence cannot be e#actl" 3no8n1 as t+e decedent 8as s+$8rec3ed. -s
a$$earance 8as t+at of a dro8ned 'an.
*(' . In t+ree of t+ese t8el2e cases of f)lfl'ent of co'$act1 t+en1 t+e
a&ent 8+ose $+antas' a$$eared 8as certanl" stll al2e. In 'ost of t+e
ot+er cases t+e e#act t'eCrelaton s obsc)reG n a fe8 of t+e' t+ere s
stron& $robablt" t+at t+e a&ent 8as alread" dead. T+e nference 8ll be
t+at t+e e#stence of a $ro'se or co'$act 'a" act effect2el" bot+ on t+e
s)bl'nal self before deat+ and also $robabl" on t+e s$rt after deat+.
T+s concl)son s confr'ed b" t+e follo8n& cases1 of 8+c+ t8o ')st
be E)oted at len&t+ n t+e te#t1 as s$ecall" nstr)ct2e. I frst &2e one n
8+c+ t+e deceased $erson5s '$)lse +as been t+e f)lfl'ent of an
''edate en&a&e'ent.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .*<. T+e follo8n& letter 8as
addressed to t+e late Professor %da's1 Ca'brd&eJ
(T. L:RE5( C-:RC-1 CER V%! !E(( %VE!:E1 %!, CL%Y
(TREET1
(%! 4R%!CI(CO1 C%LI4OR!I%1 September GGth, *A@>.
YL% fe8 8ee3s a&oM '" c+orCtraner1 a 'an n rob)st +ealt+ and 8t+ a
$reds$oston against an"t+n& ($rt)alstc19 sa8 $lanl" t+e a$$arton
of one of +s c+or1 a 'an of fft" "ears old. It +a$$ened t+)sJ
/r. RL)ssellM1 t+e bassCsn&er of t+e c+or1 fell n an a$o$lectc ft )$on
t+e street at *> o5cloc3 on a certan 4rda"G +e ded at ** o5cloc3 at +s
+o)se. /" 8fe1 learnn& of +s deat+1 sent '" brot+erCnCla8 do8n to t+e
+o)se of t+e c+or'aster L/r. Ree2esM to as3 +' abo)t ')sc for t+e
f)neral. T+e 'essen&er reac+ed t+e +o)se of t+e c+or'aster abo)t *.;> P./.
-e 8as told t+at t+e c+or'aster 8as )$stars1 b)s" loo3n& o2er so'e
')sc. -e +ii,JL- accordn&l" sat do8n n t+e dra8n&Croo'1 and1 8+le
8atn&1 be&an to tell t+e lades (sster and nece of t+e c+or'aster) abo)t
/r. R.5s deat+. 6+le t+e" 8ere tal3n& t+e" +eard an e#cla'aton n t+e
+allC8a". (o'e one sad1 /" GodZ9 T+e" r)s+ed o)t1 and +alfC8a" do8n1
sttn& on t+e stars1 sa8 t+e c+or'aster n +s s+rtCslee2es1 s+o8n& s&ns
of &reat fr&+t and conf)son. %s soon as +e sa8 t+e' +e e#cla'ed1 I +a2e
D)st seen R.Z9 T+e nece at once sad1 6+"1 R. s deadZ9 %t t+s t+e
c+or'aster 8t+o)t a 8ord t)rned bac3 )$stars and 8ent to +s roo'. /"
brot+erCnCla8 follo8ed +' and fo)nd +' n co'$lete $rostraton1 +s face
8+te1 &c. -e t+en told '" brot+erCnCla8 8+at +e +ad e#$erenced.
-e +ad been loo3n& o2er so'e ')scG +ad D)st selected a Te ,e)'9
for t+e 'ornn& ser2ce. T+s Te ,e)'9 closed 8t+ a E)artette settn& for
t8o bass and t8o tenor 2oces. -e 8as 8ondern& 8+ere +e co)ld &et a
second tenor. 4nall"1 +e 8ent to t+e door on +s 8a" do8nstars to loo3 )$
anot+er Te ,e)'.9 %t t+e door +e sa8 /r. R.1 8+o stood 8t+ one +and on
+s bro81 and one +and e#tended1 +oldn& a s+eet of ')sc. T+e c+or'aster
ad2anced1 e#tended +s +and1 and 8as &on& to s$ea31 8+en t+e f&)re
2ans+ed. T+en t 8as t+at +e &a2e t+e e#cla'aton 'entoned abo2e.
Yo) ')st re'e'ber t+at +e 3ne8 not+n& of R.5s deat+ )ntl +e +eard
+s nece s$ea3 of t as detaled abo2e.
T+s s t+e best a)t+entcated &+ost stor" I e2er +eard. I 3no8 all t+e
$artes 8ell1 and can 2o)c+ for t+er tr)t+f)lness. I +a2e no do)bt t+at t+e
c+or'aster sa8 so'et+n&1 et+er s)bDect2el" or obDect2el". 6+ate2er t
8as1 t+e e#$erence 8as so 22d t+at t 'ade +' sc3 for da"s1 t+o)&+ +e s
a 'an of e#ce$tonal $+"sE)e.
%t frst I tred to e#$lan t+s on nat)ral &ro)nds. I t+o)&+t $ossbl" +e
+ad been n t+e roo' o2er+ead1 and +ad o2er+eard1 )nconsco)sl"1 t+e stor"
of R.5s deat+1 and b" a $rocess of )nconsco)s cerebraton s)''oned )$ t+e
'a&e of t+e dead 'an. B)t t+s s '$ossble1 beca)se t+e +o)se s 2er"
lar&e1 t+e roo's 8del" a$art1 &c.
/" $resent con2cton s t+sJ /r. R. 8as a 'an of t+e )t'ost re&)lart"
and fat+f)lness n f)lflln& +s d)tes. -e +as s)n& for )s 8t+o)t $a" for
'an" "ears. -s frst t+o)&+t (or one of t+e frst)1 after +s stro3e of
a$o$le#"1 ')st +a2e beenJ -o8 s+all I &et 8ord to t+e c+or'aster t+at I
cannot &o to re+earsal to'orro8 n&+tW9 In an +o)r +e ded1 8t+o)t e2er
+a2n& reco2ered consco)sness. /" noton s t+at n so'e 8a" +e 8as
enabled to 'a3e +'self a$$ear to t+e c+or'aster. If "o) refer to t+e
attt)de n 8+c+ +e a$$eared1 "o) 8ll see t+at t ans8ers to '"
s)$$oston. It ndcates +s llness (a $an n t+e +ead)1 and +s desre to
&2e )$1 so to s$ea31 +s d)t" as sn&er.Y
6/. 6. ,%VI(1 Rector.
/r. Ree2es5 o8n acco)nt s re$orted n t+e (an 4rancsco Chronice
(E)oted n .ight, (e$te'ber .=t+1 *A@>)1 as follo8sJ
Earl" on 4rda" 'ornn& Ed8n R)ssell1 an En&ls+'an1 8ell 3no8n as
a real estate a&ent1 8as 8al3n& near t+e corner of ()tter and /ason (treets
8+en +e s)staned an a$o$lectc stro3e1 fro' t+e effects of 8+c+ +e ded
s+ortl" before noon. -e +ad resded n t+e ct" ten "ears1 and 8as 8ell and
fa2o)rabl" 3no8n n t+e co''ercal 8orld +ere.
+ii,JM-
/r. R)ssell 8as a 'e'ber of t+e Protestant E$sco$al C+)rc+1 and also
t+e $ossessor of a rc+ bass 2oce. T+s 'ade +' a 8elco'e addton to t+e
c+or of (t. L)3e5s C+)rc+1 and bro)&+t +' n ''edate contact 8t+ t+e
Re2. 6. 6. ,a2s1 2car of t+e c+)rc+1 and 8t+ -arr" E. Ree2es1 t+e
recentl" a$$onted c+or leader. /r. Ree2es s a ne$+e8 of t+e dstn&)s+ed
En&ls+ tenor of t+e na'e1 and cond)cted t+e ')scal ser2ces at t+e f)neral
of Presdent C+ester %. %rt+)r.
It 8as to /r. Ree2es t+at t+e 2er" sensatonal and startln& re2elaton
no8 to be recorded 8as 2o)c+safed. /r. Ree2es 8as fo)nd at t+e resdence
of +s sster1 /rs. Ca2ana&+1 .*.* Calforna (treet1 b" a Chronice
re$orter. -e beca'e e2dentl" a&tated 8+en as3ed f t 8ere tr)e t+at +e
+ad seen t+e a$$arton of R)ssell before +earn& of t+e letter5s deat+. L/r.
Ree2es stated t+at +e 8as not a ($rt)alst1 and $roceededMJ
I last sa8 R)ssell al2e on t+e (at)rda" n&+t $re2o)s to +s deat+.
R)ssell ca'e to t+e c+or re+earsal. I sad to +'J H,o "o) 3no8 8+ere I
can &et a &ood c&arWI and +e reco''ended a $lace. I 8ent t+ere 8t+ +'1
and t+en too3 s)c+ a fanc" to +' t+at I n2ted +' to co'e to '" +o)se1 or
rat+er '" sster5s +o)se. 6e a&reed to $ost$one +s 2st tll t+e follo8n&
(at)rda"1 and +e sadJ H6ell1 I5ll call on "o) ne#t 8ee3 an"+o8.I T+e 'atter
$assed fro' '" 'nd )ntl 4rda" afternoon1 abo)t t+ree o5cloc3. I al8a"s
'a3e t a $ont to loo3 o2er '" ')sc for ()nda" a da" or t8o before1 and
on t+s occason I 8as sttn& n t+e $arlo)r and too3 )$ t8o Te *eums to
'a3e a c+oce. One 8as (tar38eat+er5s n G1 t+e ot+er a co'$oston of
Rroell5s. 7)st as I +ad ta3en one n '" +and and 8as &on& )$stars to '"
roo' to loo3 o2er t I +eard t+e front door bell rn&1 and reco&nsed t+at
so'e 2stor 8+o' I dd not t+en 3no8 +ad called. I after8ards learned t+at
t 8as "o)n& /r. ($ra&)e1 8+o can tell "o) +s stor" 8+en "o) as3 +'.
I 8ent nto '" roo'. I la" do8n on t+e lo)n&e for a 'o'ent1 t+en b"
an '$)lse I cannot acco)nt for1 I 8al3ed to t+e door. T+e +ead of t+e
star8a" 8as so'e8+at d'l" l&+ted1 as "o) see t no81 b)t not so d'l"
b)t 8+at I co)ld at once see 8+at a$$eared to be t+e f&)re of R)ssell. It
8as so real1 so lfel3e1 t+at I at once ste$$ed for8ard and stretc+ed o)t '"
+and1 and 8as abo)t to s$ea3 so'e 8ords of 8elco'e.
T+e f&)re see'ed to +a2e a roll of ')sc n one +and and t+e ot+er
o2er ts face1 b)t t 8as R)ssell5s 'a&e. I a' E)te s)re of t+at. %s I
ad2anced to t+e +ead of t+e star8a" t+e f&)re see'ed to t)rn1 as f abo)t to
descend1 and faded nto t+e ar.
I re'e'ber tr"n& to s$ea3 to t+e f&)re1 b)t t+e ton&)e cl)n& to t+e
roof of '" 'o)t+. T+en I fell a&anst t+e 8all and &as$ed o)t. H%+Z /"
GodZI D)st l3e t+at. /" sster and nece1 8t+ t+e ot+er fol3s1 ca'e )$. /"
nece sad1 H:ncle -arr"1 8+at5s t+e 'atterWI I 8ent on to e#$lan 8+at t
8as1 b)t 8as so scared I co)ld +ardl" s$ea3. /" nece sad1 H,on5t "o)
3no8 R)ssell s deadWI 6ell1 t+at flabber&asted 'eG t onl" 'ade 'atters
8orse1 and I nearl" fanted. T+en t+e" told 'e t+at t+e Re2. /r. ,a2s +ad
sent /r. ($ra&)e to tell 'e of t+e sad ne8s. I 8as terrbl" startled b" t+e
affar1 and feel s+a3" e2en no81 b)t I a' not &2en to s)$erstto)s fears1
and I s)$$ose t can be e#$laned. /r. ($ra&)e +ad been 8atn& nearl"
+alfCanC+o)r before I sa8 +' and obtaned corroboraton of t+e ne8s of
R)ssell5s deat+. It s 2er" stran&eG 2er" stran&e1 ndeed. I sa8 t+at 'an
R)ssell after +e ')st +a2e been dead t+ree +o)rs at least1 as $lanl" as I see
"o) n t+at c+ar.9
+ii,JN-
/r. Ree2es confr's t+s acco)nt n a letter to ,r. -od&son as follo8sJ

(%! 4R%!CI(CO1 September *?th, *A@>.

,E%R (IR16t+ reference to "o)r fa2o)r of t+e ?t+ nst.1 D)st rece2ed1
t+e f)ll $artc)lars 8ere &2en n ct" $a$ersG so'e t+n&s not D)st e#actl" as
stated1 es$ecall" t+e 8ord flabber&asted19 8+c+ s fore&n to 'e. %$art
fro' 8+at "o) read1 t+ere s not+n& 'ore to be &2en.
-. E. REEVE(.
,r. -od&son rece2ed t+e follo8n& nde$endent and corroborat2e
acco)nt fro' /r. ($ra&)eJ
GR%!, 4ORR(1 ,%R.1 November .@th, *A@>.
YYo) $robabl" 3no8 all abo)t /r. R)ssell5s deat+ and connecton 8t+
(t. L)3e5s C+)rc+1 so I s+all onl" &2e "o) t+e facts as t+e" ca'e to '"
3no8led&e.
On 4rda" noon1 %)&)st ..nd1 a "o)n& lad" frend of t+e R)ssells ca'e
to '" brot+erCnCla85s (/r. ,a2s5) +o)se and as3ed to see /r. ,a2s. %s
/r. ,a2s 8as o)t1 +s 8fe ('" sster) sa8 t+s "o)n& lad". I 8as not
$resent at t+e nter2e81 b)t '" sster told 'e s+ortl" after8ards t+e facts of
/r. R)ssell5s deat+1 &c.1 and sad t+at t+s "o)n& lad" +ad co'e to as3 /r.
,a2s f t+e c+)rc+ c+or 8o)ld be 8lln& to sn& at /r. R)ssell5s f)neral1
as /r. R.5s fa'l" 8ere of l'ted 'eans and co)ld not afford to $a" t+e
c+or.
%s I 8as &on& to /r. Ree2es5 +o)se t+at afternoon '" sster as3ed 'e
to tell /r. Ree2es abo)t R)ssell5s deat+ and as3 +' abo)t t+e sn&n&. I
called at *..* Calforna (treet abo)t t+ree o5cloc3 t+at afternoon1 and +ad
been n t+e $arlo)r so'e t8ent" 'n)tes tal3n& 8t+ /ss Ra2ana&+ (/r.
Ree2es5 nece)1 8+en 8e +eard /r. Ree2es5 e#cla'aton on t+e stars1 and I
follo8ed /ss Ra2ana&+ to see 8+at t+e tro)ble 8as. 6e fo)nd /r. R.
sttn& on t+e stars n +s s+rt slee2es and e2dentl" 2er" ')c+ fr&+tened.
/ss R. bro)&+t +' a &lass of 8ne1 also a &lass of 8ater1 b)t I t+n3 +e dd
not to)c+ et+er. %fter a co)$le of 'n)tes /r. R. 8ent )$ to +s roo'1 and
/ss Ra2ana&+ as3ed 'e to &o )$ and see f +e 8as all r&+t1 as s+e 8as
afrad to &o. I 8ent )$ and fo)nd /r. Ree2es sttn& do8n on a c+ar near
t+e 8ndo8 8t+ +s le&s crossed. -e +ad no coat or 2est1 collar or nec3te
on1 and t+e $ers$raton see'ed to roll off +'. -e see'ed &reatl" a&tated1
b)t n a fe8 'n)tes +e told 'e +s stor"1 and I left +'. In abo)t f2e
'n)tes +e ca'e do8nstars and be&an to tal3 abo)t t1 and contn)all" sad1
It s t+e stran&est t+n&G I can5t )nderstand t.9
GOL,6I! (. (PR%G:E.
*(* . T+e ne#t case s e2en 'ore re'ar3able. It s a de$ected f)lfl'ent1
occ)rrn& t8o da"s before deat+1 and $robabl" d)rn& slee$G t+e a&ent +as
'ade a $ro'se to one frend1 b)t s onl" $erce$tble to anot+er $erson 8+o
+a$$ens to be n t+at frend5s co'$an". 6e 'a" co'$are a case E)oted n
o)r last c+a$ter1 8+ere a brot+er1 $res)'abl" 8s+n& to a$$ear to +s sster1
s $erce2ed onl" b" t+e sster5s blac3 n)rse (see secton ',1 /. T+e
follo8n& s E)oted fro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons9 n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .A<.
+ii,JO-
4ro' CO:!TE(( E:Ge!IE R%P!I(T.
1une .<th, *A@*.
% Talta1 en 4U2rer1 *AA@1 no)s ft'es la connassance de /.P. et de sa
fe''e1 $assant la sorUe c+eN des a's co'')ns E) a2aent ten) a no)s
rU)nr. % cette U$oE)e1 /.P. so)ffrat dUDa d5)ne $+t+se asseN a2ancUeG l
2enat de $erdre1 a PUtersbo)r&1 son frPre1 attent de la 'O'e 'alade. On
$ra 'a sQ)r de fare )n $e) de ')sE)e1 et elle c+ost a) +asard le PrUl)de
de /endelsso+n. % 'on Utonne'ent De 2s /.P.1 E)e no)s ne connassons
E)e de ce sor1 aller1 trPs U'otonnU1 $rendre $lace a)$rPs d) $ano1 et s)2re
a2ec )ne es$Pce d5an#UtU le De) de 'a sQ)r. LorsE)5elle e)t fn1 l dt E)e
$o)r E)elE)es nstants elle 2enat de fare ress)scter son frPre1 e#Uc)tant
absol)'ent de la 'O'e 'anPre ce 'orcea)1 E)5l Do)at frUE)e''ent.
,e$)s1 en 2o"ant 'a sQ)r1 l a'at $artc)lPre'ent a ca)ser a2ec elle. 7e
$)s certfer ans E)5elle )ne con2ersaton E)e no)s en'es a )ne sorUe1 a)
'os de /ars. !o)s $arlons de la 'ort1 c+ose frUE)ente a Talta1 to)Do)rs
$e)$lUe de 'aladesJ(a2eNC2o)s19 dsatCl a 'a sQ)r1 l 'e se'ble
to)Do)rs E)e 'on es$rt est trPs $roc+e d) 2btreG D5a la certt)de de 2o)s
a2or dUDa conn)eG no)s a2ons dans la rUaltU )ne $re)2e E)e ce n5est $as en
ce 'ondece sera E)e De 2o)s a)ras 2)e d)rant E)elE)5a)tre 2e
$rUcUdente9 (l Utat )n $e) s$rte). %ns done1 s De 'e)rs a2ant 2o)s1 ce
E) est ben $robable1 2) 'a 'alade1 De re2endra 2ers 2o)s1 s cela '5est
$ossble1 et De 2o)s a$$arattra de fapon a ne $as 2o)s effra"er
dUsa&rUable'ent.9 /a sQ)r l) rU$ondt1 $renant la c+ose trPs a) sUre)#1
E)5elle l) rendrat la $arelle s elle 'o)rat la $re'Pre1 et D5Utas tU'on de
cette $ro'esse ')t)elle. LTransation M
!Uan'ons no)s t'es a $ene connassance de 'asonG no)s no)s
rencontrons $arfos c+eN des a's co'')ns1 et no)s le 2o"ons so)2ent se
$ro'ener s)r le E)a dans )n $aletot co)le)r nosette E) e#ctat notre
+lartU et E) no)s resta dans la 'U'ore De ne sas $l)s $o)rE)o. %) 'os
de /a1 no)s $artons de Talta1 et de$)s no)s en'es tant d5'$ressons
d2erses1 no)s 2t'es tant de 'onde1 E)e D)sE)5a l5+2er s)2ant no)s
o)blg'es co'$lUte'ent /.P. et sa fe''e1 E) re$rUsentaent $o)r no)s
des connassances co''e on en a $ar centanes dans la 2e. LTransation M
!o)s Utons a PUtersbo)r&. Le ** /ars1 c5Utat )n l)nd de CarO'e en
*A@>1 no)s allg'es a) t+Ugtre 2or )ne re$resentaton de la tro)$e des
/enn&ner. 7e cros E)5on donnat .e 2archand de Cenise. /lle. B. Utat
a2ec no)s1 2en)e de Tsars3oU a cette occason. La $Pce ter'nUe1 no)s
n5en'es E)e le te'$s de rentrer a la 'ason c+an&er de tolette1 a$rPs E)o
no)s acco'$a&ng'es /lle. B. a la &are. Elle $artat a2ec le derner tran1
E) E)tte $o)r Tsars3oU (Ulo a * +e)re de la n)t. !o)s l5nstallg'es en
8a&on1 et ne l5" lassg'es E)5a$rPs la seconde cloc+e de dU$art.
LTransation M
!otre do'estE)e allat ben en a2ant de no)s1 afn de retro)2er notre
2ot)re1 de 'anPre E)e1 &a&nant le $erron1 no)s la tro)2g'es a2ancUe E)
no)s attendat. /a sQ)r s5asst la $re'PreG 'o De la fs attendre1
descendant $l)s do)ce'ent les 'arc+es de l5escalerG le do'estE)e tenat la
$ortPre d) landa) o)2erte. 7e 'onta a de'1 s)r le 'arc+e$ed1 et so)dan
De '5arrOta dans cette $ose1 telle'ent s)r$rse E)e De ne co'$rs $l)s ce E)
'5arr2at. Il fasat so'bre dans la 2ot)re1 et $o)rtant en face de 'a sQ)r1
la re&ardant1 De 2s dans )n $ett Do)r &rs E)5on ent dt factce1 s5Uclarcssant
2ers le $ont E) attac+at le $l)s 'es "e)#1 )ne f&)re a la sl+o)ette
U'o)ssUe1 da$+ane1 $l)tbt E)5ndUcse. Cette 2son d)ra )n nstant1
$endant leE)el1 +ii,KP- $o)rtant1 'es "e)# $rrent connassance des
'ondres dUtals de ce 2sa&e1 E) 'e se'bla conn)J des trats asseN $ont)s1
)ne rae )n $e) de cbtU1 )n neN $rononcU1 )n 'enton trPs 'a&re a barbe
rare et d5)n blond foncU. Ce E) 'e fra$$e1 lorsE)e D5" $ense a $rUsent1 c5est
d5a2or 2) les dffUrentes co)le)rs1 'al&rU E)e la l)e)r &rsgtre1 E) Uclarat
a $ene l5nconn)1 ent UtU ns)ffsante $o)r les dstn&)er dans )n cas
nor'al. Il Utat sans c+a$ea)1 et en 'O'e te'$s dans )n $aletot co''e on
en $orte a) s)dde co)le)r $l)tbt clarenosette. To)te sa $ersonne a2at
)n cac+et de &rande fat&)e et de 'a&re)r. LTransation M
Le do'estE)e1 trPs UtonnU de ne $as 'e 2or 'onter1 arrOtUe ans s)r le
'arc+e$ed1 cr)t E)e D5a2as 'arc+U dans 'a robe et '5ada a '5asseor1
$endant E)e De de'andas a 'a sQ)r1 en $renant $lace a cbtU d5elle1 s c5Utat
ben notre 2ot)reW % tel $ont D5a2as $erd) la tOte1 a"ant sent )n 2ra
en&o)rdsse'ent de cer2ea) en 2o"ant cet Utran&er nstallU en face d5elle1 De
ne '5Utas $as rend) co'$te E)e1 dans le cas d5)ne $rUsence rUelle d5)n
se'blable 2sCaC2s1 n 'a sQ)r1 n le 2alet de $ed ne resteraent s
cal'e'ent a l5en2sa&er. LorsE)e De f)s assse1 De ne 2s $l)s ren1 et De
de'andas a 'a sQ)rJ!5asCt) ren 2) en face de toW9 Ren d) to)t1 et
E)elle dUe asCt) e)e de de'ander1 en entrant dans la 2ot)re1 s c5Utat ben
la nbtreW9 rU$ondtCelle en rant. %lors1 De l) racontas to)t ce E) $rUcUde1
dUcr2ant 'n)te)se'ent 'a 2son. X)elle f&)re conn)e19 dsatCelle1 et
a $aletot nosette1 cette rae de cbtU1 oo done l5a2ons no)s 2)eW Po)rtant n)l
ne resse'ble c a ta descr$tonG9 et no)s no)s cre)sons la tOte sans ren
tro)2er. RentrUes a la 'ason1 no)s racontg'es ce fat a notre 'UreG 'a
descr$ton la ft a)ss so)2enr 2a&)e'ent d5)n 2sa&e analo&)e. Le
lende'an sor (*. /ars) )n De)ne +o''e de notre connassance1 /./. (.1
2nt no)s 2or. 7e l) rU$Utas a)ss l5ncdent E) no)s Utat arr2U. !o)s en
$arlg'es bea)co)$1 'as n)tle'entG De ne $o)2as to)Do)rs $as a$$lE)er
le no' 2o)l) a la $ersonnaltU de 'a 2son1 to)t en 'e so)2enant fort ben
a2or 2) )n 2sa&e to)t $arel $ar' 'es no'bre)ses connassancesG 'as
oo et a E)elle U$oE)eW 7e ne 'e so)2enas de ren1 a2ec 'a 'a)2ase
'U'ore E) 'e fat so)2ent dUfa)t1 a ce s)Det. X)elE)es Do)rs $l)s tard1
no)s Utons c+eN la &rand'Pre de /./. (.J(a2eN 2o)s19 no)s dtCelle1
E)elle trste no)2elle De 2ens de rece2or de TaltaW /.P. 2ent de 'o)rr1
'as on ne 'e donne $as de dUtals.9 /a sQ)r et 'o1 no)s no)s
re&ardg'es. % ce no'1 la f&)re $ont)e et le $aletot nosette retro)2Prent
le)r $ossesse)r. /a sQ)r reconn)t en 'O'e te'$s E)e 'o1 &race a 'a
descr$ton $rUcse. LorsE)e /./.(. entra1 De le $ra de c+erc+er dans les
2e)# Do)rna)# la date e#acte de cette 'ort. Le dUcPs Utat 'arE)U a) *< d)
'os de /ars1 done1 de)# Do)rs apr=s la 2son E)e D5a2as e)e. 75Ucr2s a
Talta $o)r a2or des rense&ne'ents. On 'e rU$ondt E)5l &ardat le lt
de$)s le .< !o2e'bre et E)5l a2at UtU de$)s dans )n Utat de fablesse
e#trO'e1 'as le so''el ne l5a2at $ont E)ttU l dor'at s lon&te'$s et s
$rofondU'ent1 'O'e d)rant les dernPres n)ts de son e#stence1 E)e cela
fasat es$Urer )ne a'eloraton. !o)s no)s Utonnons de ce E)e D5ae 2)
/.P.1 'al&rU sa $ro'esse de se 'ontrer a 'a sQ)r. /as De dos aDo)ter c
E)5a2ant le fat dUcrt cCdess)s1 D5a2as UtU 2o"ante )n certan no'bre de
fos1 'as cette 2son est ben celle E)e D5a dstn&)Ue le $l)s nette'ent1
a2ec des detals 'n)te)#1 et a2ec les tentes d2erses d) 2sa&e +)'an1 et
'O'e d) 2Ote'ent. LTransation M
CO/TE((E E:Ge!IE R%P!I(T.
CO/TE((E I!% R%P!I(T.
+ii,KG-
T+e second s&nat)re s t+at of t+e sster 8+o 8as $resent at t+e t'e.
/r. /c+ael Petro2oC(olo2o2o1 8+o sent )s t+e case1 8rtesJ
I +a2e ')c+ $leas)re n certf"n& t+at t+e fact of Co)ntess Ra$nst5s
2son 8as 'entoned1 a'on& ot+ers1 to '"self before t+e ne8s of /r. P.5s
deat+ ca'e to Petersb)r&. I 8ell re'e'ber seen& an anno)nce'ent of +s
de'se n t+e $a$ers.
T+s case s)&&ests an '$ortant $ractcal reflecton. 6+en a co'$act to
a$$ear1 f $ossble1 after deat+ s 'ade1 t s+o)ld be )nderstood t+at t+e
a$$earance need not be to t+e s$ecal $artner n t+e co'$act1 b)t to an" one
8+o' t+e a&ent can s)cceed n '$ressn&. It s l3el" eno)&+ t+at 'an"
s)c+ atte'$ts1 8+c+ +a2e faled on acco)nt of t+e s)r22n& frend5s lac3 of
a$$ro$rate senst2t"1 '&+t +a2e s)cceeded f t+e a&ent +ad tred to
nfl)ence so'e one alread" 3no8n to be ca$able of rece2n& t+ese
'$ressons. I add n *(* A and B t8o ot+er cases 8+c+ 'a" be re&arded
as deflected f)lfl'ents. (ee also a case &2en n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$. <<>1 n 8+c+ a lad"1 +a2n& 'ade a co'$act 8t+ +er +)sband and also
8t+ a frend1 +er $+anto' s seen after +er deat+ b" +er +)sband and
da)&+ter and t+e latter5s n)rse1 collect2el"G b)t not b" t+e frend1 8+o 8as
l2n& else8+ere.
*() . %&an1 8e cannot tell +o8 lon& t+e s$rt 'a" contn)e t+e effort1
or1 so to sa"1 rene8 t+e e#$er'ent. In a case recorded n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;=A1 t+e co'$act s f)lflled after a s$ace of f2e "ears. In
anot+er case (&2en n *() A )1 t+ere +ad been no for'al co'$actG "et t+e
narrat2e 'a" fnd $lace +ere. T+ere s an atte'$t to e#$ress &ratt)de on an
ann2ersar" of deat+G and t+s '$les t+e sa'e 3nd of 'ndf)l effort as t+e
f)lfl'ent of a defnte $ro'se.
I concl)de t+s &ro)$ b" E)otn& n *() B anot+er co'$act case 8+ere
t+e a$$arton concdes 8t+ a f)neral1 and tself ndcates t+at a f)neral s
$re$arn&. T+s for's a transton to t+e ne#t &ro)$.
*(9 . I +a2e no8 traced certan post,mortem 'anfestatons 8+c+ re2eal
a recollecton of e2ents 3no8n at deat+1 and also a $ersstence of $)r$ose n
carr"n& o)t ntentons for'ed before deat+. In t+s ne#t &ro)$ I s+all trace
t+e 3no8led&e of t+e de$arted a lttle f)rt+er1 and s+all dsc)ss so'e cases
8+ere t+e" a$$ear co&nsant of t+e as$ect of t+er bodes after deat+1 or of
t+e scenes n 8+c+ t+ose bodes are te'$orarl" de$osted or fnall" lad.
()c+ 3no8led&e 'a" a$$ear tr2al1)n8ort+" t+e attenton of s$rts
trans$orted nto a +&+er 8orld. B)t t s n accordance 8t+ t+e 2e8 of a
&rad)al transference of nterests and $erce$tons1a $erod of nter'edate
conf)son1 s)c+ as 'a" follo8 es$ecall" )$on a deat+ of a s)dden or
2olent 3nd1 or $er+a$s )$on a deat+ 8+c+ nterr)$ts 2er" stron&
affectons.
T+)s 8e +a2e alread" (n *1*) enco)ntered one str3n& case of t+s
t"$e1t+e scratch on the cheeB, $erce2ed b" t+e de$arted da)&+ter1 as 8e
'a" conDect)re1 b" reason of t+e close s"'$at+" 8+c+ )nted +er to t+e
'ot+er 8+o 8as carn& for +er re'ans.
+ii,KH-
T+ere are also t8o cases closel" rese'bln& eac+ ot+er1 t+o)&+ fro'
$erc$ents n 8del" dfferent $arts of t+e 8orld1 8+ere a clar2o"ant 2son
see's to be $resented of a tranE)l deat+Cc+a'ber. One of t+ese +as been
E)oted n C+a$ter VI.1 secton ''+. In t+e ot+er (t+at of /r. -ector of
Valenca1 (o)t+ %)strala1 see &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . P. ;?;) t+e
$erc$ent sees n a drea' +s fat+er d"n& n t+e roo' +e )s)all" occ)$ed1
8t+ a candle b)rnn& on a c+ar b" +s bedG and t+e fat+er s fo)nd dead n
t+e 'ornn&1 8t+ a candle b" +s bedsde n t+e $oston seen n t+e drea'.
Per+a$s n net+er of t+ese cases s t+ere an" s)re ndcaton t+at t+e dead or
d"n& $erson 8as co&nsant of +s o8n bod"5s as$ect or s)rro)ndn&s. T+ere
'a" +a2e been a clar2o"ant e#c)rson on t+e $erc$ent5s $art1 e2o3ed b"
so'e '$)lse fro' t+e a&ent 8+c+ dd not tself de2elo$ nto dstnctness.
*30 . B)t n certan cases of 2olent deat+ t+ere see's to +a2e been an
ntenton on t+e deceased $erson5s $art to s+o8 t+e condton n 8+c+ +s
bod" s left. ()c+ 8as /rs. (tore5s drea'1 or rat+er seres of 2sons1
referred to earler n t+s c+a$ter. ()c+1 too1 8as /rs. /enneer5s drea' (+(9
A )1 8+ere t+e addtonal e2dence obtaned snce o)r frst $)blcaton of t+e
case brn&s o)t a s$ecal 'eann& n t+e se2ered head, be"ond t+e 'ere fact
of deca$taton. ()c+ 8as an eE)all" str3n& drea'1 8+c+ I +a2e left for
E)otaton n t+s $lace1 beca)se t for's a ln3 bet8een t+s &ro)$8+ere
post,mortem 3no8led&e of t+e bod"5s as$ect s n E)estonand t+e ne#t
follo8n& &ro)$1 8+c+ 8ll deal 8t+ t+e stll stran&er $+eno'enon of
post,mortem 3no8led&e of dsse'naton of t+e ne8s of deat+. T+e case s
ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . (*AA?) $. @?.
/r. ,.1 t+e narrator1 dd not 8s+ +s na'e to be $)bls+ed1 b)t G)rne"
sa8 +'1 and tal3ed o2er t+e s)bDect 8t+ +'. /r. ,. narrates as follo8sJ
I a' t+e o8ner of a 2er" old 'ec+ancal b)sness n Glas&o81 8t+ for
t8ent" "ears $ast a branc+ n London1 8+ere I +a2e resded for t+at $erod1
and n bot+ of 8+c+ $laces '" $rofessonal re$)taton s of t+e +&+est
order.
(o'e t+rt"Cf2e "ears a&o I too3 nto '" e'$lo"'ent a tender1
delcateCloo3n& bo"1 Robert /ac3enNe1 8+o1 after so'e t+ree or fo)r
"ears5 ser2ce1 s)ddenl" left1 as I fo)nd o)t after8ards1 t+ro)&+ t+e selfs+
ad2ce of older +ands1 8+o $ractsed t+s fr&+tenn& a8a" s"ste'atcall" to
3ee$ 8a&es fro' ben& lo8ered1a co''on de2ce1 I bele2e1 a'on&
8or3'en n l'ted trades. Passn& t+e &ate of t+e &reat 8or3+o)se
(Scottic; $oor+o)se) n t+e Parla'entar" Road1 a fe8 "ears after8ards1 '"
e"e 8as ca)&+t b" a "o)t+ of so'e e&+teen "ears of a&e ra2eno)sl"
de2o)rn& a $ece of dr" bread on t+e $)blc street1 and bearn& all t+e
a$$earance of ben& n a c+ronc state of star2aton. 4anc"n& I 3ne8 +s
feat)res1 I as3ed f +s na'e 8ere not /ac3enNe. -e at once beca'e ')c+
e#cted1 addressed 'e b" na'e1 and nfor'ed 'e t+at +e +ad no
e'$lo"'entG t+at +s fat+er and 'ot+er1 8+o for'erl" s)$$orted +'1 8ere
no8 bot+ ntates of t+e $oor+o)se19 to 8+c+ +e +'self +ad no cla' for
ad'sson1 ben& "o)n& and 8t+o)t an" bodl" dsE)alfcaton for 8or31
and t+at +e 8as lterall" +o'eless and star2n&. T+e 'atron1 +e nfor'ed
'e1 +ii,KI- &a2e +' dal" a $ece of dr" bread1 b)t d)rst not1 )nder t+e
r)les1 &2e +' re&)lar 'antenance. In an a&on" of &ref +e de$lored +s
e2er lea2n& 'e )nder e2l ad2ce1 and on '" )ne#$ectedl" offern& to ta3e
+' bac3 +e b)rst nto a trans$ort of t+an3s1 s)c+ as I cannot descrbe.
()ffce t to sa" t+at +e res)'ed +s 8or31 and t+at1 )nder t+e
crc)'stances1 I dd e2er"t+n& n '" $o8er to facltate +s $ro&ress. %ll
t+s 8as 'ere 'atter of co)rseG b)t t+e dstncton bet8een t and t+e
co''on relatons of 'aster and ser2ant 8as t+s1 t+at on e2er" occason of
'" entern& t+e 8or3s+o$ +e ne2er1 so far as $ossble1 too3 off +s e"es
fro' follo8n& '" 'o2e'ents. Let 'e loo3 to8ards +' at an" 'o'ent1
t+ere 8as t+e $ale1 s"'$at+etc face 8t+ t+e lar&e and 8stf)l e"es1 lterall"
"earnn& to8ards 'e1 as ('3e5s dd to8ards !c+olas !c3leb". I see'ed
to be t+e $olar star of +s e#stence19 and t+s ntenst" of &ratt)de ne2er
a$$eared to lessen n de&ree t+ro)&+ la$se of t'e. Be"ond t+s +e ne2er
2ent)red to e#$ress +s feeln&s. -s 'an+ood1 as t 8ere1 +s nd2d)alt"
and selfCasserton1 see'ed to +a2e been cr)s+ed o)t of +' b" $r2atons. I
8as a$$arentl" +s sole t+o)&+t and consderaton1 sa2n& t+e 'ore co''on
concerns of dal" lfe.
In *AB. I settled n London1 and +a2e ne2er been n Glas&o8 snce.
Robert /ac3enNe1 and '" 8or3'en &enerall"1 &rad)all" lost t+er
nd2d)alt" n '" recollecton. %bo)t ten to t8el2e "ears a&o '"
e'$lo"ees +ad t+er ann)al sorUe and ball. T+s 8as al8a"s +eld1 "ear after
"ear1 on a 4rda" e2enn&. /ac3enNe1 e2er s+" and dstant as )s)al1 ref)sed
to 'n&le n t+e fest2tes1 and be&&ed of '" fore'an to be $er'tted to
ser2e at t+e b)ffet. %ll 8ent off 8ell1 and t+e (at)rda" 8as +eld (more
8or3'en) as a s)cceedn& da" of fest2al. %ll t+s1 +o8e2er1 I onl" learned
after 8+at I a' no8 abo)t to relate. On t+e T)esda" 'ornn& follo8n&1
''edatel" before A %./.1 n '" +o)se on Ca'$den -ll1 I +ad t+e
follo8n& 'anfestatonI cannot call t a drea'G b)t let 'e )se t+e
co''on $+raseolo&". I drea't1 b)t 8t+ no 2a&)eness as n co''on
drea's1 no bl)rrn& of o)tlne or ra$d $assa&es fro' one t+n&
dsconnectedl" to anot+er1 t+at I 8as seated at a des31 en&a&ed n a b)sness
con2ersaton 8t+ an )n3no8n &entle'an1 8+o stood on '" r&+t +and.
To8ards 'e1 n front1 ad2anced Robert /ac3enNe1 and feeln& anno"ed1 I
addressed +' 8t+ so'e as$ert"1 as3n& +' f +e dd not see t+at I 8as
en&a&ed. -e retred a s+ort dstance 8t+ e#ceedn& rel)ctance1 t)rned a&an
to a$$roac+ 'e1 as f 'ost desro)s for an ''edate colloE)"1 8+en I
s$o3e to +' stll 'ore s+ar$l" as to +s 8ant of 'anners. On t+s1 t+e
$erson 8t+ 8+o' I 8as con2ersn& too3 +s lea2e1 and /ac3enNe once
'ore ca'e for8ard. 6+at s all t+s1 RobertW9 I as3ed so'e8+at an&rl".
,d "o) not see I 8as en&a&edW9 Yes1 sr19 +e re$ledG b)t I ')st s$ea3
8t+ "o) at once.9 6+at abo)tW9 I sadG 8+at s t t+at can be so
'$ortantW9 I 8s+ to tell "o)1 sr19 +e ans8ered1 t+at I a' acc)sed of
don& a t+n& I dd not do1 and t+at I 8ant you to 3no8 t1 and to tell "o) so1
and t+at "o) are to for&2e 'e for 8+at I a' bla'ed for1 beca)se I a'
nnocent.9 T+en1 I dd not do t+e t+n& t+e" sa" I dd.9 I sad1 6+atW9
&ettn& sa'e ans8er. I t+en nat)rall" as3ed1 B)t +o8 can I for&2e "o) f
"o) do not tell 'e 8+at "o) are acc)sed ofW9 I can ne2er for&et t+e
e'$+atc 'anner of +s ans8er n t+e (cotts+ dalect1 Ye5ll s)ne 3en9
("o)5ll soon 3no8). T+s E)eston and t+e ans8er 8ere re$eated at least
t8ceI a' certan t+e ans8er 8as re$eated t+rce1 n t+e 'ost fer2d tone.
On t+at I a8o3e1 and 8as n t+at state of s)r$rse and be8lder'ent 8+c+
s)c+ a re'ar3able drea'1 quF 'ere drea'1 '&+t nd)ce1 and 8as
8ondern& 8+at t all 'eant1 8+en '" 8fe b)rst nto +ii,KJ- '" bedroo'1
')c+ e#cted1 and +oldn& an o$en letter n +er +and1 e#cla'ed1 O+1
7a'es1 +ere5s a terrble end to t+e 8or3'en5s ballRobert /ac3enNe +as
co''tted s)cdeZ9 6t+ no8 a f)ll con2cton of t+e 'eann& of t+e
2son1 I at once E)etl" and fr'l" sad1 !o1 +e +as not co''tted
s)cde.9 -o8 can "o) $ossbl" 3no8 t+atW9 Beca)se +e +as D)st been
+ere to tell 'e.9
I +a2e $)r$osel" not 'entoned n ts $ro$er $lace1 so as not to brea3 t+e
narrat2e1 t+at on loo3n& at /ac3enNe I 8as str)c3 b" t+e $ec)lar
a$$earance of +s co)ntenance. It 8as of an ndescrbable bl)s+C$ale
colo)r1 and on +s fore+ead a$$eared s$ots 8+c+ see'ed l3e blots of
s8eat. 4or t+s I co)ld not acco)nt1 b)t b" t+e follo8n& $ost '" 'ana&er
nfor'ed 'e t+at +e 8as 8ron& n 8rtn& 'e of s)cde. T+at on (at)rda"
n&+t1 /ac3enNe1 on &on& +o'e1 +ad lfted a s'all blac3 bottle contann&
aqua $ortis (8+c+ +e )sed for stann& t+e 8ood of brdca&es1 'ade for
a')se'ent)1 bele2n& t+s to be 8+s3"1 and $o)rn& o)t a 8neC&lassf)l1
+ad dr)n3 t off at a &)l$1 d"n& on t+e ()nda" n &reat a&on". -ere t+en1
8as t+e sol)ton of +s ben& nnocent of 8+at +e 8as acc)sed ofs)cde1
seen& t+at +e +ad nad2ertentl" dr)n3 aqua $ortis, a deadl" $oson. (tll
$ondern& )$on t+e $ec)lar colo)r of +s co)ntenance1 t str)c3 'e to
cons)lt so'e a)t+ortes on t+e s"'$to's of $osonn& b" aqua $ortis, and
n /r. 7. -. 6als+5s ,o'estc /edcne and ()r&er"19 $. *=.1 I fo)nd
t+ese 8ords )nder s"'$to's of $osonn& b" s)l$+)rc acd.Y T+e s3n
co2ered 8t+ a cold s8eatG co)ntenance l2d and e#$ress2e of dreadf)l
s)ffern&.9YAqua $ortis $rod)ces t+e sa'e effect as s)l$+)rc1 t+e onl"
dfference ben& t+at t+e e#ternal stans1 f an"1 are "ello8 nstead of
bro8n.9 T+s refers to ndcaton of s)l$+)rc acd1 &enerall" o)tsde of t+e
'o)t+1 n t+e s+a$e of bro8n s$ots.9 -a2n& no desre to acco''odate '"
facts to t+s scentfc descr$ton1 I &2e t+e E)otatons freel"1 onl" at t+e
sa'e t'e statn& t+at $re2o)sl" to readn& t+e $assa&e n /r. 6als+5s
boo31 I +ad not t+e sl&+test 3no8led&e of t+ese s"'$to's1 and I consder
t+at t+e" a&ree farl" and s)ffcentl" 8t+ 8+at I sa81 2N.1 a l2d face
co2ered 8t+ a re'ar3able s8eat1 and +a2n& s$ots ($artc)larl" on t+e
fore+ead)1 8+c+1 n '" drea'1 I t+o)&+t &reat blots of $ers$raton. It
see's not a lttle str3n& t+at I +ad no $re2o)s 3no8led&e of t+ese
s"'$to's1 and "et s+o)ld ta3e note of t+e'.
I +a2e lttle re'ar3 to 'a3e be"ond t+s1 t+at n s$ea3n& of t+s 'atter1
to 'e 2er" affectn& and sole'n1 I +a2e been E)te ds&)sted b" sce$tcs
treatn& t as a +all)cnaton1 n so far as t+at '" drea' ')st +a2e been on
t+e 6ednesda" 'ornn&1 ben& t+at after t+e rece$t of '" 'ana&er5s letter
nfor'n& 'e of t+e s)$$osed s)cde. T+s e#$lanaton s too abs)rd to
reE)re a sero)s ans8er. /" 'ana&er frst +eard of t+e deat+ on t+e
/onda"8rote 'e on t+at da" as abo2eand on t+e T)esda" 8rote a&an
e#$lann& t+e tr)e facts. T+e drea' 8as on t+e T)esda" 'ornn&1
''edatel" before t+e A %./. $ost del2er"1 +ence t+e t+rce e'$+atc
Ye5ll s)ne 3en.9 I attrb)te t+e 8+ole to /ac3enNe5s "earnn& &ratt)de for
ben& resc)ed fro' a de$lorable state of star2aton1 and +s earnest desre to
stand 8ell n '" o$non. I +a2e colo)red not+n&1 and lea2e '" readers to
dra8 t+er o8n concl)sons.
,.
T+e follo8n& s /rs. ,.5s corroboratonJ
In re&ard to t+e re'ar3able drea' '" +)sband +ad 8+en Robert
/ac3enNe5s deat+ too3 $lace t+ro)&+ nad2ertentl" drn3n& so'e aqua
$ortis, I be& to nfor' "o) of 8+at too3 $lace as far as I a' concerned.
+ii,KK-
On t+e T)esda" 'ornn& after t+e occ)rrence I 8as do8nstars earl"1
and at A o5cloc3 8as +anded a letter1 D)st rece2ed fro' t+e $ost'an1 and
addressed to /r. ,. (een& t 8as fro' o)r 'ana&er n Glas&o81 I o$ened
t1 and 8as ')c+ &re2ed to fnd t+at t 8as to tell )s t+at Robert /ac3enNe
+ad co''tted s)cde. I ran )$stars to /r. ,.5s bedroo' 8t+ t+e letter n
'" +and1 and n ')c+ e#cte'ent. I fo)nd +' a$$arentl" D)st co'n& o)t
of slee$1 and +astl" cred o)t to +'1 e#actl" as +e +as descrbed to "o). I
need not &o o2er t+e 8ords1 8+c+ +a2e often been re$eated a'on&st )s
snce1 and I can confr' +s narrat2e re&ardn& t+e'1 as &2en to "o)1 n
e2er" $artc)lar. T+e 8+ole affar &a2e )s a &reat s+oc31 and $)t an end to
t+e 8or3'en5s balls for so'e fo)r or f2e "ears. /r. ,.5s drea' 8as a
freE)ent s)bDect of con2ersaton at t+e t'e. I 3ne8 /ac3enNe 8ell. -e 8as
a $ale1 lar&eCe"ed1 and earnestCloo3n& "o)n& 'an1 8t+ a &reat re&ard for
/r. ,.1 t+ro)&+ crc)'stances. T+e ne#t da"5s $ost bro)&+t )s t+e act)al
facts.
7. ,.
*31 . -ere1 too1 'a" be $laced t8o casest+ose of ,r. Br)ce (n
C+a$ter IV.1 +(' A ) and /ss -all (see *31 A )8+ere t+ere are
successive $ct)res of a deat+ and t+e s)bseE)ent arran&e'ent of t+e bod".
T+e miieu0 of t+e $erc$ents1 t+e nat)re of t+e deat+s1 are +ere a&an
totall" ds$arateG "et 8e see' to see t+e sa'e )n3no8n la8s $rod)cn&
effects closel" s'lar.
In ,r Br)ce5s case one '&+t nter$ret t+e 2sons as co'n& to t+e
$erc$ent t+ro)&+ t+e 'nd of +s 8fe1 8+o 8as $resent at t+e scene of t+e
')rder. B)t t+s e#$lanaton 8o)ld be '$ossble n /ss -all5s case.
Rat+er t see's as t+o)&+ so'e tele$at+c ln31 set )$ bet8een t+e d"n&
brot+er and t+e sster1 +ad been 'antaned after deat+ )ntl all d)tes +ad
been f)lflled to t+e de$arted. T+e case re'nds one of t+e old -o'erc
notons of t+e restless a$$eal of )nb)red co'rades.
*3( . In t+e case of /rs. Green1 alread" E)oted n C+a$ter IV.1 +(9 D 1
8e co'e across an nterestn& $roble'. T8o 8o'en are dro8ned )nder
2er" $ec)lar crc)'stances. % frend +as a$$arentl" a clar2o"ant 2son of
t+e scene1 "et not at t+e 'o'ent 8+en t occ)rred1 b)t 'an" +o)rs
after8ards1 and abo)t t+e t'e 8+en anot+er $erson1 dee$l" nterested1
+eard of t+e deat+. It s t+erefore $ossble to s)$$ose t+at t+e a$$arentl"
clar2o"ant scene 8as n realt" '$ressed tele$at+call" on t+e $erc$ent
b" anot+er l2n& 'nd. I t+n31 +o8e2er1 t+at bot+ t+e nat)re of t+e 2son
and certan analo&es1 8+c+ 8ll a$$ear later n o)r ar&)'ent1 $ont to a
dfferent 2e81 n2ol2n& an a&enc" bot+ of t+e dead and of t+e l2n&. I
conDect)re t+at a c)rrent of nfl)ence 'a" be started b" a deceased $erson1
8+c+1 +o8e2er1 onl" beco'es stron& eno)&+ to be $erce$tble to ts obDect
8+en renforced b" so'e 22d c)rrent of e'oton arsn& n l2n& 'nds. I
do not sa" t+at t+s s "et $ro2ableG "et t+e +nt 'a" be of 2al)e 8+en t+e
farCreac+n& nterde$endences of tele$at+" bet8een t+e t8o 8orlds co'e to
be better )nderstood.
*33 . T8o sn&)lar cases n t+s &ro)$ re'an1 8+ere t+e de$arted +ii,
KL- s$rt1 lon& after deat+1 see's $reCocc)$ed 8t+ t+e s$ot 8+ere +s
bones are lad. T+e frst of t+ese cases (see *33 A ) a$$roac+es farceG t+e
second (n 8+c+ t+e s3eleton of a 'an 8+o +ad $robabl" been ')rdered
abo)t fort" "ears before 8as dsco2ered b" 'eans of a drea'G see
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;?) stands alone a'on& o)r narrat2es n t+e
tra&ed" 8+c+ follo8s on t+e co'')ncaton. /r. Pod'ore n an artcle n
t+e sa'e 2ol)'e ($. ;>;) s)&&ests ot+er t+eores to acco)nt for t+s case
8t+o)t n2o3n& t+e a&enc" of t+e deadG b)t to 'e t+e least '$ossble
e#$lanaton s stll t+e noton t+at t+e ')rdered 'an5s drea's +ar3ed bac3
after all t+ose "ears to +s re'ote )nconsecrated &ra2e. I 'a" refer f)rt+er to
anot+er case (n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *??1 footnote) 8+ere
feeln&s of +orror and de$resson 8ere constantl" e#$erenced n a roo'
o2er 8+c+ a bab"5s bod" 8as after8ards fo)nd. T+s case 'a3es1 $er+a$s1
for anot+er e#$lanatonde$endn& not so ')c+ on an" continued
nfl)ence of t+e de$arted s$rt as on so'e persistent nfl)ence n+ern& n
t+e bones t+e'sel2esde$osted )nder crc)'stances of terror or an&)s+1
and $ossbl" n so'e 8a" stll radatn& a 'al&nant 'e'or". BNarre as t+s
nter$retaton loo3s1 8e s+all fnd so'e confr'aton of s)c+ a $ossblt" n
o)r c+a$ter on Possesson. Yet anot+er case belon&n& to t+e sa'e &ro)$1
and &2en n *33 B 1 s)$$les a 2arant on t+s 2e8G s)&&estn&1 as Ed8ard
G)rne" +as re'ar3ed1 t+e local '$rntaton of a tra&c $ct)re1 b" #hom
and )$on #hat 8e cannot tell.
I t+n3 t 8ell to s)&&est e2en t+ese 8ld conDect)resG so lon& as t+e" are
)nderstood to be conDect)res and not+n& 'ore. I +old t $robable t+at t+ose
co'')ncatons1 of 8+c+ tele$at+" fro' one s$rt to anot+er for's t+e
'ost easl" traceable 2aret"1 are n realt" nfntel" 2ared and co'$le#1
and s+o8 t+e'sel2es fro' t'e to t'e n for's 8+c+ ')st for lon&
re'an E)te be"ond o)r co'$re+enson.
*3+ . T+e ne#t class of cases n t+s seres 8ell ll)strates t+s
)ne#$ectedness. It +as onl" been as t+e res)lt of a &rad)al acc)')laton of
concordant cases t+at I +a2e co'e to bele2e t+ere s so'e realt" n t+e
bNarre s)$$oston t+at t+e de$arted s$rt s so'et'es s$ecall" a8are of
t+e t'e at 8+c+ ne8s of +s deat+ s abo)t to reac+ so'e &2en frend.
Proof of s)c+ 3no8led&e on +s $art s rendered +arder b" t+e alternat2e
$ossblt" t+at t+e frend 'a" b" clar2o"ance beco'e a8are of a letter n
+s o8n $ro#'t". %s 8as s+o8n n &hantasms o$ the .iving, t+ere s so'e
e2dence for s)c+ clar2o"ance e2en n cases 8+ere t+e letter seen s E)te
)n'$ortant (see also +(1 H and - and ',' B ). /a" t+ere be +ere also
so'e conD)nct)re of t+e s$+eres of 3no8led&e of t+e de$arted and t+e
ncarnate s$rts1 so t+at a &l'$se obtaned b" t+e one n so'e 8a"
renforces a &l'$se obtaned b" t+e ot+erW
I E)ote a t"$call" dffc)lt nstance of t+s concdence of an a$$arton
8t+ t+e arr2al of t+e ne8s of a deat+.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <>@. T+e case 8as sent to )s b" t+e
Bs+o$ of Carlsle1 t+e $erc$ent ben& t+e Re21 G. /. Tand"1 2car +ii,KM-
of 6est 6ard1 near 6&ton1 C)'berland1 for'erl" of Lo8es8ater1 8+o
8rtesJ
*
6+en at Lo8es8ater1 I one da" called )$on a frend1 8+o sad1 Yo) do
not see 'an" ne8s$a$ersG ta3e one of t+ose l"n& t+ere.9 I accordn&l" too3
)$ a ne8s$a$er bo)nd 8t+ a 8ra$$er1 $)t t nto '" $oc3et1 and 8al3ed
+o'e. In t+e e2enn& I 8as 8rtn&1 and 8antn& to refer to a boo31 8ent
nto anot+er roo' 8+ere '" boo3s 8ere. I $laced t+e candle on a led&e of
t+e boo3case1 too3 do8n a boo3 and fo)nd t+e $assa&e I 8anted1 8+en1
+a$$enn& to loo3 to8ards t+e 8ndo81 8+c+ 8as o$$oste to t+e
boo3case1 I sa8 t+e face of an old frend 8+o' I +ad 3no8n 8ell at
Ca'brd&e1 b)t +ad not seen for ten "ears or 'ore1 Canon Robnson (of t+e
C+art" and (c+ool Co''sson). I 8as so s)re I sa8 +' t+at I 8ent o)t to
loo3 for +'1 b)t co)ld fnd no trace of +'. I 8ent bac3 nto t+e +o)se1 and
t+o)&+t I 8o)ld ta3e a loo3 at '" ne8s$a$er. I tore off t+e 8ra$$er1
)nfolded t+e $a$er1 and t+e frst $ece of ne8s t+at I sa8 8as t+e deat+ of
Canon RobnsonZ
.
/r. Tand" f)rt+er 8rtesJ
In re$l" to "o)r note1 October Bt+1 I 'a" state1 8t+ re&ard to t+e
narrat2e I detaled to t+e Bs+o$ of Carlsle1 t+at I sa8 t+e face loo3n&
t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo81 b" t+e l&+t of a sn&le ONo3ert candle1 $laced on a
led&e of t+e boo3case1 8+c+ stood o$$oste t+e 8ndo8G t+at I 8as
standn&1 8t+ t+e candle b" '" sde1 readn& fro' a boo3 to 8+c+ I +ad
occason to refer1 and rasn& '" e"es as I read1 I sa8 t+e face clearl" and
dstnctl"1 &+astl" $ale1 b)t 8t+ t+e feat)res so 'ar3ed and so dstnct t+at I
reco&nsed t at once as t+e face of '" 'ost dear and nt'ate frend1 t+e
late Canon Robnson1 8+o 8as 8t+ 'e at sc+ool and colle&e1 and 8+o' I
+ad not seen for 'an" "ears $ast (ten or ele2en at t+e 2er" least). %l'ost
''edatel" after1 f)ll" $ers)aded t+at '" old frend +ad co'e to $a" 'e a
s)r$rse 2st1 I r)s+ed to t+e door1 b)t seen& not+n& I called alo)d1
searc+ed t+e $re'ses 'ost caref)ll"1 and 'ade nE)r" as to 8+et+er an"
stran&er +ad been seen near '" +o)se1 b)t no one +ad been +eard of or seen.
6+en last I sa8 Canon Robnson +e 8as a$$arentl" n $erfect +ealt+1 ')c+
'ore l3el" to o)tl2e 'e t+an I +'1 and before I o$ened t+e ne8s$a$er
anno)ncn& +s deat+ (8+c+ I dd abo)t an +o)r or so after seen& t+e face)
I +ad not +eard or read of +s llness or deat+1 and t+ere 8as not+n& n t+e
$assa&e of t+e boo3 I 8as readn& to lead 'e to t+n3 of +'.
T+e t'e at 8+c+ I sa8 t+e face 8as bet8een ten and ele2en P./.1 t+e
n&+t dar31 and 8+le I 8as readn& n a roo' 8+ere no s+)tter 8as closed
or blnd dra8n.
I 'a" ans8er n re$l" to "o)r E)eston8+et+er I +a2e e2er +ad an"
ot+er 2son or +all)cnaton of an" 3ndW9t+at1 t+o)&+ I ne2er sa8 an"
a$$arton1 I +a2e +eard '"stero)s noses 8+c+ net+er '" frends nor I
8ere able satsfactorl" to acco)nt for.
*3, . T+s ncdent1 ta3en alone and 8t+o)t an" a$$arent connecton
8t+ ot+er for's of acton of t+e de$arted1 see's al'ost too E)ant to be
ncl)ded n a 'ore or less co+erent seres l3e t+e $resent B)t a +nt +ii,KN-
to8ards ts co'$re+enson s &2en b" certan ot+er cases 8+ere t+e
$erc$ent states t+at a clo)d of )nreasonable de$resson fell )$on +' abo)t
t+e t'e of +s frend5s deat+ at a dstance1 and contn)ed )ntl t+e act)al
ne8s arr2edG 8+en1 nstead of beco'n& ntensfed1 t lfted s)ddenl". In
one or t8o s)c+ cases t+ere 8as an act)al $resence or a$$arton1 8+c+
see'ed to +an& abo)t )ntl t+e ne8s arr2ed1 and t+en dsa$$eared. Or1 on
t+e ot+er +and1 t+ere s so'et'es a +a$$" 2son of t+e de$arted $rel)dn&
t+e ne8s1 as t+o)&+ to $re$are t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd for t+e s+oc3 . *3, A /.
T+e s)&&ested nference s t+at n s)c+ cases t+e s$rt5s attenton s 'ore or
less contn)o)sl" drected to t+e s)r22or )ntl t+e ne8s reac+es +'. T+s
does not1 of co)rse1 e#$lan +o8 t+e s$rt learns as to t+e arr2al of t+e
ne8sG "et t 'a3es t+at $ece of 3no8led&e see' a less solated t+n&.
*3' . %nd +ere I 8ll E)ote a case so d2er&ent fro' acce$ted t"$es t+at
t+e ordnar" retaler of &+ost stores '&+t 8ell be te'$ted to $ass t o2er n
slence as nco'$re+ensbl" abs)rd. %s 8ll $resentl" be seen1 +o8e2er1 t
fts 8t+ sn&)lar a$$ro$rateness nto D)st t+s $lace n '" seres.
T+e case 8as sent to Professor 7a'es1 and I E)ote t fro' &roceedings.
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ..>.
1 6I(.1 September ..nd, *A@>.
% 2er" )n)s)al t+n& occ)rred to t+e 8rter and one ot+er $erson'"
sster1 /ss /ar" X.at t+e ct" of 1 6sconsn1 on t+e ?t+ da" of
!o2e'ber *AA?1 at *> o5cloc3 P./.
O)r 'ot+er1 /rs. /ar" /ar&aret X. R.1 ded at o)r +o'e1 n sad ct" of
1 6sconsn1 on t+e abo2e date1 at A.<> P./.1 2er" s)ddenl"1 of
$ne)'ona. O)r "o)n&est +alfCbrot+er1 Robert B. R.1 8as 8or3n& at (1
!. ,a3ota1 at t+at t'e1 abo)t =>> 'les dstant fro' 1 6sconsn. %t
@.<? 8e retred to t+e &)ests5 c+a'ber1 a roo' o2er t+e so)t+ $arlo)r1 and
abo)t t+e sa'e d'ensons as sad $arlo)r1 +a2n& t8o 8ndo8s to t+e so)t+
and one to t+e east. T+ere 8ere t8o beds n t+s lar&e roo'1 and I la" on one
and '" sster on t+e ot+er1 tr"n& to co'$ose o)r bro3en +earts1 for 8e
lo2ed o)r 'ot+er 2er" dearl". T+e n&+t 8as cold and t+e 8ndo8s 8ere all
closed1 e#ce$t t+e east 8as do8n at t+e to$ a fe8 nc+es1 8+en1 loZ 8e bot+
dstnctl" +eard at t+e sa'e nstant '" brot+er1 Robert B. R.1 sn&n&1 6e
+ad better bde a 8ee19 n a clear1 dee$ tenor1 acco'$aned b" a +&+C
$tc+ed so$rano and an oldCfas+oned s'all 'elodeon acco'$an'ent1 and
t so)nded as t+o)&+ t+e" 8ere )$ on a le2el 8t+ o)r 8ndo8s1 abo)t *?
feet fro' t+e &ro)ndG and I arose and t+re8 )$ t+e so)t+C8est 8ndo81 fro'
8+ence t+e so)nds see'ed to $roceed1 and t+en t+e"t+e sn&n&'o2ed
to t+e ne#t1 or so)t+Ceast1 8ndo81 and san& anot+er 2erse. %nd I t+re8 t+at
)$ and sa8 not+n&1 b)t stll dstnctl" +eard t+e #ords as 8ell as t+e ')sc1
and so ro)nd to t+e east 8ndo81 8+ere they san& t+e last 2erse1 and t+en
t+e ')sc see'ed to float a8a" to t+e nort+. B)t t+e E)eer $art of t+s
occ)rrence s t+e fact t+at at t+e very t'e t+at 8e +eard '" brot+er sn&n&
n 1 6sconsn1 +e #as sn&n& t+e sa'e son& before an a)dence1 8t+
t+e dentcal acco'$an'ent1 an old1 tn" 'elodeon1 and a +&+C$tc+ed
so$rano "o)n& lad"a /ss E.1 of !ort+ ,a3otaas 8e learned t8o da"s
after8ards1 8+en +e ca'e +o'e n res$onse to o)r tele&ra' anno)ncn& t+e
deat+ of o)r 'ot+er.
%n" 2erfcaton of t+e abo2e facts 8ll be c+eerf)ll" 'ade.
((&ned) L/ss X.M
+ii,KO-
1 6I(.1 <ctober **th1 *A@>.
,E%R (IR1Yo)rs of t+e Bt+ nst. 8as d)l" rece2ed1 and n re$l" to
"o)r reE)est for corroborat2e test'on" relat2e to t+e $+eno'enal
occ)rrence9 on t+e n&+t of !o2e'ber ?t+1 *AA?1 at 7anes2lle1 Roc3 Co.1
6sconsnt+at s1 t+e +earn& ')sc and t8o +)'an 2oces1 and t+e 8ords
distincty a)dbleone 2oce $erfectl" fa'lar to )s as t+at of o)r +alfC
brot+er1 Robert B. R.1 t+en of !. ,a3ota1 and t+e ot+er 2oce t+at of a
stran&e lad"so$rano1 and t+e"1 '" sad brot+er R.B.R.1 and /ss (ara+
E.1 of !. ,a3.1 #ere sn&n& t+e same son&1 6e +ad better bde a 8ee19 at
an entertan'ent &2en b" a c+)rc+ socet" of (1 a $rnted $ro&ra''e
of 8+c+ '" brot+er after8ards sent to )s.
I a' an e#ceedn&l" b)s" $erson1 b)t a lo2er of t+e tr)t+1 and nterested
n t+e $ro&ress of t+e raceG b)t '" sster1 /ss /ar" X.1 of t+s ct"1 s 2er"
conser2at2e and $ro)d1 and 8+en I as3ed +er for an affda2t of +er
e#$erence on t+at e2entf)l ?t+ of !o2e'ber *AA?1 s+e re$led1 I do not
8s+ t+e 8orld to t+n3 'e or "o) a Hcran3I or ($rt)alst1 and do not 8s+
o)r na'es $)bls+ed.9 I 8ll add t+at '" sster1 8+o s blnd1 s very
nt)t2e and clar2o"ant1 and t+ere s much n +er e#$erence to dee$l"
nterest t+e $s"c+cal st)dent. It see's to 'e t+at t+e loss of +er s&+t +as
been co'$ensated b" anot+er sensea s)$erCnt)ton.
I +a2e 8rtten to '" brot+er1 R.B.R.1 to re$l" to "o)r reE)est1 and also to
obtan a $ro&ra''e of t+e c+)rc+ entertan'ents at (1 !. ,a3.1 on
!o2e'ber ?t+1 *AA?1 at 8+c+ +e and /ss (ara+ E. san&1 6e +ad better
bde a 8ee19 and also to state t+e e#act +o)r 8+en t+e" 8ere called n t+e
$ro&ra''e1 for as Robert stated to )s 8+en +e arr2ed on t+at sad occason
t+e deat+ of o)r &ood 'ot+er+e nfor'ed )s t+at t+e tele&ra' 8as
bro)&+t to +'1 and 8as hed b" t+e o$erator so as not to s$ol t+e
entertan'ent b" telln& +' be$ore +e san&1 and 8e'" sster /ar" X.
and Ibot+ heard e2er" note and 8ord of t+at son& s)n& abo)t se2en
+)ndred 'les a8a"1 8+le o)r 'ot+er5s re'ans 8ere n t+e $arlo)r )nder
o)r bedroo'.Cordall" "o)rs1
((&ned) L/ss X.M
/ss /ar" X. 8rtes to ,r. -od&son as follo8sJ
1 6I(.1 November *?th, *A@>.
,E%R (IR1LIn re$l" toM "o)r 3nd note of nE)r"1 relat2e to '"
e#$erences on t+e n&+t of !o2e'ber ?t+1 *AA?1 t+e" 8ere s)c+ as +a2e
been descrbed b" '" sster L/ss X.M1 8+o s a lo2er of scentfc researc+1
and s not so t'd as I and '" brot+erG t+e latter s 2er" ')c+ opposed to
et+er of )s 'a3n& 3no8n o)r e#$erence on t+at n&+t1 and +as urged 'e
not to tell an" one of t+e occ)rrences of t+at e2entf)l t'e1 and +e ref)ses to
f)rns+ t+e $rnted $ro&ra''e of t+e entertan'ent1 at 8+c+ +e and /ss E.
8ere sn&n&1 6e +ad better bde a 8ee19 nsstn& t+at $eo$le 8ll bele2e
)s all l)n"9 f 8e 'a3e 3no8n all t+e factsG and so n deference to +s
$reD)dces I ')st res$ectf)ll" declne to 'a3e an" f)rt+er dsclos)res at
$resent.Res$ectf)ll" "o)rs1
L/ss /%RY X.M
,r. -od&son addsJ
*ecember *@th.%% letter of nE)r" sent to /r. Robert B. R.19 and an
en2elo$e1 8t+ offcal sta'$ of o)r (ocet" on t+e co2er1 +as been ret)rned
to 'e1 )no$ened1 b" /r. Robert B. R.19 so t+at f)rt+er corroboraton s
lac3n&1 at least for t+e $resent.R.-.
+ii,LP-
It 8ll be obser2ed t+at /ss /ar" X.5s letter s 2rt)all" a confr'aton
of /ss X.5s acco)ntG and t+at /r. X.5s acton s n +ar'on" 8t+ +s sster5s
belef t+at +e cannot den"1 b)t does not 8s+ to confr'1 t+e tr)t+ of t+s
sn&)lar narrat2e.
!o8 +ere t+e t8o 'nds a8are of t+e 'ot+er5s deat+ 8ere t+e 'ot+er5s
o8n 'nd and t+e tele&ra$+st5s. T+e tele&ra$+st 8as certanl" a8are t+at1
8+en t+e son& ca'e to an end1 +e s+o)ld +a2e to co'')ncate to t+e sn&er
a $anf)l s+oc3. B)t1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e tele&ra$+st dd not 3no8 t+e
senders of t+e tele&ra'G +ad no 'eans of $ct)rn& t+e' or t+er
s)rro)ndn&s. I t+n31 t+erefore1 t+at t 8ll be 'ore n accordance 8t+
analo&" to s)$$ose t+at t+e 'ot+er5s 'nd 8as a8are of t+e '$endn&
co'')ncaton1 and trans'tted1 $er+a$s scarce consco)sl"1 to +er
da)&+ters t+e sensaton of t+e tr2al and treso'e ca)se of dela". I &2e n
*3' A an ncdent eE)all" &rotesE)e1 8+ere also t+e ndcaton s of
impatience on t+e $art of t+e deceased $erson1 8+o $erce2es t+e ne8s of
+s deat+ 3e$t bac3 b" 2e#ato)s accdents. %nd I add t+ereto /r. Ca'eron
Grant5s case . *3' B /1 8+ere t+e date of arr2al of t+e ne8s of Lord V.5s
deat+ 8as s$ecall" dffc)lt to calc)late b" ordnar" 'eans/r. Grant
ben& n a 8ld $art of BraNl. /r. Grant5s '$)lse to dra# 8+at t)rned o)t
to be Lord V.5s deat+Cscene '&+t $lace t+s case a'on& 'otor a)to'ats's.
T+ere s nat)rall" no clear lne bet8een seen& a scene n one5s 'nd5s e"e
and feeln& an '$)lse to dra8 t on $a$er. 4nall"1 I E)ote n *3' C a case
8+ere a $+antas'al a$$earance beca'e 2sble 8+le t+e $erc$ent act)all"
+eld n +er +and an )no$ened letter1 anno)ncn&1 not t+e decedent5s deat+1
b)t +er dan&ero)s llness. %nd on t+e stren&t+ of all t+ese cases1 and of
so'e less str3n&1 I re$eat '" s)&&eston t+at n o)r &norance as to t+e
de&ree of 3no8led&e of eart+l" affars $ossessed b" t+e de$arted1 and of t+e
ca)ses 8+c+ $er't or st')late t+er a$$arton1 t+s $ossblt" of t+er
follo8n& t+e dff)son of ne8s of t+er o8n deat+ 'a" be 8ell 8ort+ o)r
contn)ed attenton.
*3* . -a2n& t+)s dsc)ssed a n)'ber of cases 8+ere t+e a$$arton
s+o8s 2ar"n& de&rees of 3no8led&e or 'e'or"1 I $ass on to t+e so'e8+at
co''oner t"$e1 8+ere t+e a$$arton lac3s t+e $o8er or t+e '$)lse to
co'')ncate an" 'essa&e ')c+ 'ore defnte t+an t+at allC'$ortant one
of +s o8n contn)ed lfe and lo2e. T+ese cases1 ne2ert+eless1 '&+t be
s)bd2ded on 'an" lnes. Eac+ a$$arton1 e2en t+o)&+ t be 'o'entar"1 s
a $+eno'enon co'$le# n 'ore 8a"s t+an o)r 'nds can follo8. 6e ')st
loo3 for so'e broad lne of de'arcaton1 8+c+ 'a" a$$l" to a &reat 'an"
dfferent ncdents1 8+le contn)n& to so'e e#tent t+e seres 8+c+ 8e
+a2e alread" been descendn&fro' 3no8led&e and $)r$ose on t+e
deceased $erson5s $art do8n to 2a&)eness and a$$arent a)to'ats'.
()c+ a d2son&rad)al1 ndeed1 b)t for t+at 2er" reason t+e 'ore
nstr)ct2ee#sts bet8een persona and oca a$$artonsG bet8een
'anfestatons +ii,LG- $lanl" ntended to '$ress t+e 'nds of certan
defnte s)r22ors and 'anfestatons n acc)sto'ed +a)nts1 so'e of 8+c+1
ndeed1 'a" be destned to '$ress s)r22ors1 b)t 8+c+ de&enerate and
dsnte&rate nto s&+ts and so)nds too 'eann&less to $ro2e et+er $)r$ose
or ntell&ence.
*3) . Let )s loo31 t+en1 for t+ese c+aracterstcs1 not e#$ectn&1 of
co)rse1 t+at o)r seres 8ll be lo&call" s'$leG for t ')st often +a$$en t+at
t+e $ersonal and local '$)lses 8ll be ndstn&)s+able1 as 8+en t+e
desred $erc$ent s n+abtn& t+e fa'lar +o'e. B)t 8e 'a" be&n 8t+
so'e cases 8+ere t+e a$$arton +as s+o8n tself n so'e scene alto&et+er
stran&e to t+e deceased $erson.
6e +a2e +ad1 of co)rse1 a &ood 'an" cases of t+s t"$e alread". ()c+
8as t+e case of t+e a$$arton 8t+ t+e red scratch . *1* /G s)c+ 8as t+e
a$$arton n t+e Co)ntess Ra$nst5s carra&e . *(* /1 and t+e a$$arton to
/rs. B. at 4esole . *() B /. ()c+ cases1 ndeed1 occ)r 'ost freE)entl"
and t+s fact s tself s&nfcanta'on& t+e +&+er and 'ore de2elo$ed
for's of 'anfestaton. %'on& t+e brefer1 lessCde2elo$ed a$$artons 8t+
8+c+ 8e +a2e no8 to deal1 t+ese n2asons b" t+e $+antas' of E)te
)n3no8n terrtor" are relat2el" fe8. I 8ll be&n b" referrn& to a c)ro)s
case1 8+ere t+e '$resson &2en s t+at of a s$rt)al $resence 8+c+ see3s
and fnds t+e $erc$ent1 b)t s tself too conf)sed for co+erent
co'')ncaton (/rs. L&+tfoot5s case1 +(9 B ). It 8ll be seen t+at t+s
narrat2e s t+oro)&+l" n accordance 8t+ $re2o)s ndcatons of a state of
$ost+)'o)s be#iderment s)$er2enn& before t+e s$rt +as adD)sted ts
$erce$tons to t+e ne8 en2ron'ent.
*39 . In cases l3e /rs. L&+tfoot5s1 8+ere t+e $erc$ent5s s)rro)ndn&s
are )n3no8n to t+e deceased $erson1 and es$ecall" n cases 8+ere t+e
nt'aton of a deat+ reac+es t+e $erc$ent 8+en at sea (as n *39 A )1 t+ere
s $lanl" not+n& e#ce$t t+e $erc$ent5s o8n $ersonalt" to &)de t+e s$rt
n +s searc+. 6e +a2e se2eral narrat2es of t+s t"$e. In one of t+ese
%rc+deacon 4arler5s1 alread" referred to n *10 t+e a$$arton a$$ears
t#ice, t+e second a$$earance at least ben& s)bseE)ent to t+e deat+. It s
$lan t+at f n s)c+ a case t+e second a$$arton con2e"s no fres+
ntell&ence1 8e cannot $ro2e t+at t s 'ore t+an a s)bDect2e recr)descence
of t+e $irst. Yet analo&" s n fa2o)r of ts 2erdcal c+aracter1 snce 8e +a2e
cases (l3e /ss -all5s1 cted n *31 A ) 8+ere s)ccess2e 'anfestatons do
brn& fres+ 3no8led&e1 and see' to s+o8 a contn)ed effort to
co'')ncate. In t+s connecton I 'a" refer to an e#$erence of a 8tness
8+o +as +ad 'an" e#$erences1 /r. Re)le'ans (see ''( A 1 &c.)1 8+ere +s
lttle son a$$eared to +' bot+ abo)t t+e t'e of deat+ and a&an after deat+
. *39 C /. In t+at case t+e c+ld1 t 8o)ld a$$ear1 so)&+t +s fat+er frst n
fa'lar1 t+en n )nfa'lar s)rro)ndn&s.
T+en1 a&an1 t+ere are auditory cases 8+ere t+e $+antas'al s$eec+ +as
occ)rred n $laces not 3no8n to t+e deceased $erson. One s)c+ case s t+at
of /r. 6a'be" (see *3' A). In *39 B I &2e a case n 8+c+ an +ii,LH-
a$$arton 8as seen se2eral 8ee3s after deat+1 t+e deat+ ben& )n3no8n to
t+e $erc$ent.
*+0 . One s$ecall" '$ress2e c+aracterstc of a$$artons (as +as been
alread" re'ar3ed) s t+er occasonal coectivityt+e fact t+at 'ore
$erc$ents t+an one so'et'es see or +ear t+e $+antas'al f&)re or 2oce
s')ltaneo)sl". 6+en one s consdern& t+e &rad)al declne n defnteness
and a$$arent $)r$ose fro' one &ro)$ of a$$artons to anot+er1 t s nat)ral
to as3 8+et+er t+s c+aracterstcn '" 2e8 so '$ortants fo)nd to
acco'$an" es$ecall" t+e +&+er1 'ore ntell&ent 'anfestatons.
I cannot fnd t+at t+s s so. On t+e contrar"1 t s1 I t+n31 n cases of
'ere haunting t+at 8e oftenest fnd t+at t+e f&)re s seen b" se2eral
$ersons at once1 or else (a co&nate $+eno'enon) b" se2eral $ersons
s)ccess2el". I 3no8 not +o8 to e#$lan t+s a$$arent tendenc". Co)ld 8e
ad't t+e )nderl"n& ass)'$tons1 t 8o)ld s)t t+e 2e8 t+at t+e +a)ntn&9
s$rts are eart+bo)nd19 and t+)s so'e+o8 nearer to 'atter t+an s$rts
'ore e#alted. Yet nstances of collect2t" are scattered t+ro)&+ all classes
of a$$artonsG and t+e rre&)lar a$$earance of a c+aracterstc 8+c+ see's
to )s so f)nda'ental affords anot+er lesson +o8 &reat 'a" be t+e 2aret" of
n8ard 'ec+ans' n cases 8+c+ to )s '&+t see' constr)cted on ')c+
t+e sa'e t"$e.
*
*+1 . I $ass on to a &ro)$ of cases 8+c+ are bot+ $ersonal and localG
alt+o)&+ t+e $ersonal ele'ent n 'ost of t+e't+e desre to 'anfest to t+e
frend'a" see' 'ore '$ortant t+an t+e local ele'entt+e '$)lse to
re2st so'e acc)sto'ed +a)nt.
In t+e frst case 8+c+ I s+all cte t+e deceased $erson5s 'a&e s seen
s')ltaneo)sl" b" se2eral 'e'bers of +s o8n +o)se+old1 n +s o8n +o)se.
!ote t+e analo&" to a collect2e cr"stal 2son.
T+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .*;. It s
&2en b" /r. C+arles %. 6. Lett1 of t+e /ltar" and Ro"al !a2al Cl)b1
%lbe'arle (treet1 6.
*ecember Ird, *AA?.
On t+e ?t+ %$rl *A=; '" 8fe5s fat+er1 Ca$tan To8ns1 ded at +s
resdence1 Cranbroo31 Rose Ba"1 near ("dne"1 !.(.6ales. %bo)t s# 8ee3s
after +s deat+ '" 8fe +ad occason1 one e2enn& abo)t nne o5cloc31 to &o
to one of t+e bedroo's n t+e +o)se. (+e 8as acco'$aned b" a "o)n& lad"1
/ss Bert+on1 and as t+e" entered t+e roo't+e &as 8as b)rnn& all t+e
t'et+e" 8ere a'aNed to see1 reflected as t 8ere on t+e $ols+ed s)rface
of t+e 8ardrobe1 t+e 'a&e of Ca$tan To8ns. It 8as barel" +alf f&)re1 t+e
+ead1 s+o)lders1 and $art of t+e ar's onl" s+o8n&n feet1 t 8as l3e an
ordnar" 'edallon $ortrat1 b)t lfeCsNe. T+e face a$$eared 8an and $ale1
as t dd before +s deat+1 and +e 8ore a 3nd of &re" flannel Dac3et1 n 8+c+
+e +ad been acc)sto'ed to slee$. ()r$rsed and +alf alar'ed at 8+at t+e"
sa81 t+er frst dea 8as t+at a $ortrat +ad been +)n& n t+e roo'1 and t+at
8+at t+e" sa8 8as ts reflectonG b)t t+ere 8as no $ct)re of t+e 3nd.
+ii,LI-
6+lst t+e" 8ere loo3n& and 8ondern&1 '" 8fe5s sster1 /ss To8ns1
ca'e nto t+e roo'1 and before et+er of t+e ot+ers +ad t'e to s$ea3 s+e
e#cla'ed1 Good &raco)sZ ,o "o) see $a$aW9 One of t+e +o)se'ads
+a$$ened to be $assn& do8nstars at t+e 'o'ent1 and s+e 8as called n1
and as3ed f s+e sa8 an"t+n&1 and +er re$l" 8as1 O+1 'ssZ t+e 'aster.9
Gra+a'Ca$tan To8ns5 old bod" ser2ant8as t+en sent for1 and +e also
''edatel" e#cla'ed1 O+1 Lord sa2e )sZ /rs. Lett1 t5s t+e Ca$tanZ9 T+e
b)tler 8as called1 and t+en /rs. Crane1 '" 8fe5s n)rse1 and t+e" bot+ sad
8+at t+e" sa8. 4nall"1 /rs. To8ns 8as sent for1 and1 seen& t+e a$$arton1
s+e ad2anced to8ards t 8t+ +er ar' e#tended as f to to)c+ t1 and as s+e
$assed +er +and o2er t+e $anel of t+e 8ardrobe t+e f&)re &rad)all" faded
a8a"1 and ne2er a&an a$$eared1 t+o)&+ t+e roo' 8as re&)larl" occ)$ed
for a lon& t'e after.
T+ese are t+e s'$le facts of t+e case1 and t+e" ad't of no do)btG no
3nd of nt'aton 8as &2en to an" of t+e 8tnessesG t+e sa'e E)eston 8as
$)t to eac+ one as t+e" ca'e nto t+e roo'1 and t+e re$l" 8as &2en 8t+o)t
+estaton b" eac+. It 8as b" t+e 'erest accdent t+at I dd not see t+e
a$$arton. I 8as n t+e +o)se at t+e t'e1 b)t dd not +ear 8+en I 8as
called.
C. %. 6. LETT.
6e1 t+e )nders&ned1 +a2n& read t+e abo2e state'ent1 certf" t+at t s
strctl" acc)rate1 as 8e bot+ 8ere 8tnesses of t+e a$$arton.
(%R% LETT.
(IBBIE (/YT- (n;e TO6!().
G)rne" 8rtesJ
/rs. Lett ass)res 'e t+at net+er s+e nor +er sster e2er e#$erenced a
+all)cnaton of t+e senses on an" ot+er occason. (+e s $ost2e t+at t+e
reco&nton of t+e a$$earance on t+e $art of eac+ of t+e later 8tnesses 8as
independent, and not d)e to an" s)&&eston fro' t+e $ersons alread" n t+e
roo'.
I add n *+1 A anot+er collect2e case notceable fro' t+e fact t+at t+e
de$arted s$rt a$$ears to nfl)ence t8o $ersons at a dstance fro' eac+
ot+er n a concordant 8a"1 so t+at one of t+e' beco'es consco)s of t+e
a$$earance to t+e ot+er. Co'$are 8t+ t+s t+e ncdent &2en at t+e end of
*,1 A1 8+en /ss Ca'$bell +as a 2son of +er frend seen& an a$$arton
at a t'e 8+en t+s s act)all" occ)rrn&.
*+( . In t+e case 8+c+ I s+all ne#t E)ote1 t+e e2dence1 t+o)&+ co'n&
fro' a "o)n& bo"1 s clear and &ood1 and t+e ncdent tself s t+oro)&+l"
c+aracterstc. T+e decedent 8as satsf"n& bot+ a local and a $ersonal
attracton.
6e o8e t+s case (8+c+ I E)ote fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $.
*=;) to t+e 3ndness of Lad" Gore Boot+1 fro' 8+o' I frst +eard t+e
acco)nt b" 8ord of 'o)t+. -er son (t+en a sc+oolbo" a&ed *>) 8as t+e
$erc$ent1 and +er "o)n&est da)&+ter1 t+en a&ed *?1 also &2es a frst+and
acco)nt of t+e ncdent as follo8sJ
LI((%,ELL1 (LIGO1 9ebruary *A@*.
On t+e *>t+ of %$rl *AA@1 at abo)t +alfC$ast nne o5cloc3 %./.1 '"
"o)n&est brot+er and I 8ere &on& do8n a s+ort fl&+t of stars leadn& to
t+e 3tc+en1 to +ii,LJ- fetc+ food for '" c+c3ens1 as )s)al. 6e 8ere abo)t
+alfC8a" do8n1 '" brot+er a fe8 ste$s n ad2ance of 'e1 8+en +e s)ddenl"
sad6+"1 t+ere5s 7o+n Blane"1 I ddn5t 3no8 +e 8as n t+e +o)seZ9 7o+n
Blane" 8as a bo" 8+o l2ed not far fro' )s1 and +e +ad been e'$lo"ed n
t+e +o)se as +allCbo" not lon& before. I sad t+at I 8as s)re t 8as not +e (for
I 3ne8 +e +ad left so'e 'ont+s $re2o)sl" on acco)nt of llC+ealt+)1 and
loo3ed do8n nto t+e $assa&e1 b)t sa8 no one. T+e $assa&e 8as a lon& one1
8t+ a rat+er s+ar$ t)rn n t1 so 8e ran E)c3l" do8n t+e last fe8 ste$s1 and
loo3ed ro)nd t+e corner1 b)t nobod" 8as t+ere1 and t+e onl" door +e co)ld
+a2e &one t+ro)&+ 8as s+)t. %s 8e 8ent )$stars '" brot+er sad1 -o8
$ale and ll 7o+n loo3ed1 and 8+" dd +e stare soW9 I as3ed 8+at +e 8as
don&. /" brot+er ans8ered t+at +e +ad +s slee2es t)rned )$1 and 8as
8earn& a lar&e &reen a$ron1 s)c+ as t+e foot'en al8a"s 8ear at t+er 8or3.
%n +o)r or t8o after8ards I as3ed '" 'ad +o8 lon& 7o+n Blane" +ad been
bac3 n t+e +o)seW (+e see'ed ')c+ s)r$rsed1 and sad1 ,dn5t "o) +ear1
'ss1 t+at +e ded t+s 'ornn&W9 On nE)r" 8e fo)nd +e +ad ded abo)t
t8o +o)rs before '" brot+er sa8 +'. /" 'ot+er dd not 8s+ t+at '"
brot+er s+o)ld be told t+s1 b)t +e +eard of t so'e+o81 and at once declared
t+at +e ')st +a2e seen +s &+ost.
/%BEL OLIVE GORE BOOT-.
T+e act)al $erc$ent5s nde$endent acco)nt s as follo8sJ
2arch *A@*.
6e 8ere &on& do8nstars to &et food for /abel5s fo8l1 8+en I sa8
7o+n Blane" 8al3n& ro)nd t+e corner. I sad to /abel1 T+at5s 7o+n
Blane"Z9 b)t s+e co)ld not see +'. 6+en 8e ca'e )$ after8ards 8e fo)nd
+e 8as dead. -e see'ed to 'e to loo3 rat+er ll. -e loo3ed "ello8G +s e"es
loo3ed +ollo81 and +e +ad a &reen a$ron on.
/OR,%:!T GORE BOOT-.
6e +a2e rece2ed t+e follo8n& confr'aton of t+e date of deat+J
T-E PRE(BYTERY1 B%LLI!G%L1 (LIGO1
*>th A 9ebruary *A@*.
I certf" fro' t+e $ars+ re&ster of deat+s t+at 7o+n Blane" (,)nfore)
8as nterred on t+e *.t+ da" of %$rl *AA@1 +a2n& ded on t+e *>t+ da" of
%$rl *AA@.
P. 7. (-E/%G-(1 C.C.
Lad" Gore Boot+ 8rtesJ
2ay ;*st, *A@>.
6+en '" lttle bo" ca'e )$stars and told )s +e +ad seen 7o+n Blane"1
8e t+o)&+t not+n& of t tll so'e +o)rs after1 8+en 8e +eard t+at +e 8as
dead. T+en for fear of fr&+tenn& t+e c+ldren1 I a2oded an" all)son to
8+at +e +ad told )s1 and as3ed e2er" one else to do t+e sa'e. Probabl" b"
no8 +e +as for&otten all abo)t t1 b)t t certanl" 8as 2er" re'ar3able1
es$ecall" as onl" one c+ld sa8 +'1 and t+e" 8ere standn& to&et+er. T+e
$lace 8+ere +e see's to +a2e a$$eared 8as n t+e $assa&e o)tsde t+e
$antr" door1 8+ere 7o+n Blane"5s 8or3 al8a"s too3 +'. /" bo" s a 2er"
'atterCofCfact sort of bo"1 and I ne2er +eard of +s +a2n& an" ot+er
+all)cnaton.
G. GORE BOOT-.
!o8 t+s a$$arton)nless 8e e#$lan t as a tele$at+c '$resson
$roDected at t+e 'o'ent of deat+ and re'ann& latent for so'e +o)rs
before t attaned e#ternalsaton'a" $ossbl" be ta3en as s+o8n&
so'et+n& of contn)ed memory n t+e de$arted bo". (o'et+n& of +' +ii,
LK- or fro' +'1 t 'a" be sad1 re2erted to 8ellC3no8n +a)nts1 and 8as
dscerned n +abt)al s)rro)ndn&s. B)t e2en of t+s t+ere s no s)re
ndcaton. If t be s)&&ested t+at t+e dead bo" 8ated to 'anfest )ntl +s
"o)n& 'aster reac+ed a s)table s$ot1 t 'a" be re$led t+at t+e l2n& bo"5s
$resence n t+at s$ot 'erel" enabled +' to dscern so'e nfl)ence 8+c+
'&+t +a2e been dscernble n t+at s$ot $ossbl" at an" 'o'ent d)rn&
so'e +o)rs1 f t+e fttn& $erc$ent +ad been at +and. Or else1 and $er+a$s
'ore s'$l"1 8e 'a" s)$$ose t+at t+ere 8as a 'ere nfl)ence trans'tted
fro' t+e de$arted 'nd to t+e l2n& 'nd1 8+c+ nfl)ence t+e l2n& 'nd
dscerned 8+en n s)rro)ndn&s n 8+c+ ts o8n recollecton of t+e
decedent '&+t 'ost readl" be e2o3ed.
I add n *+( A a so'e8+at s'lar case. T+e f&)re of t+e &rand'ot+er
loo3n& at t+e cloc3 rese'bles t+e f&)re of t+e $antr"Cbo" seen n t+e
offces1 b)t 8as seen b" bot+ $ersons n a $oston to see t1 nstead of b"
one onl". (ee also an acco)nt &2en n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. @;1 b"
t+e Re2. G. Le8s of +s seen& an a$$arton of a "o)n& 'an 8+o
)n3no8n to +'+ad ded t+ree da"s before. T+e "o)n& 'an +ad ')c+
8s+ed to see /r. Le8s before +e ded1 b)t /r. Le8s1 not +a2n& +eard of
+s llness1 +ad not been to 2st +'. T+s narrat2e1 f nter$reted n t+e 8a"
8+c+ t+e $erc$ent s)&&ests1 '&+t +a2e been $laced a'on& cases 8+ere
t+e f&)re co'')ncates a message/ t+e re$roac+f)l e#$resson '$l"n& a
recollected sense of nD)r". It s1 at an" rate1 an e#a'$le of t+e class no8
)nder dsc)sson.
*+3 . T+e case &2en n *+3 A 8+c+ co'es fro' e#cellent nfor'ants
s one of t+ose 8+c+ corres$ond 'ost nearl" to 8+at one 8o)ld desire n
a $ost+)'o)s 'essa&e. I 'a" refer also to General Ca'$bell5s case (n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <=B) n 8+c+ a lon&Ccontn)ed seres of
)nacco)ntable noses and an a$$arton t8ce seen b" a c+ld n t+e +o)se
s)&&ested to t+e narrator t+e a&enc" of +s dead 8fe. T+e case1 8+c+
de$ends for ts e2dental force on a &reat 'ass of detal1 s too lon& for 'e
to E)oteG b)t t s 8ort+ st)d"1 as s an" case 8+ere t+ere see's e2dence of
$ersstent effort to 'anfest1 'eetn& 8t+ one 3no8s not 8+at dffc)lt". It
'a" be t+at n s)c+ a stor" t+ere s not+n& b)t stran&e concdence1 or t
'a" be t+at fro' records of $artall" s)ccessf)l effort1 rene8ed often and n
a'b&)o)s 8a"s1 8e s+all +ereafter learn so'et+n& of t+e nat)re of t+at
c)rtan of obstr)cton 8+c+ no8 see's so arbtrar" n ts s)dden lftn&1 ts
s)dden fall.
*++ . I 8ll concl)de t+s &ro)$ 8t+ t+ree cases closel" s'lar1 all 8ell
attested1 and all of t+e' ca$able of e#$lanaton et+er on local or $ersonal
&ro)nds. In t+e frst (see *++ A ) an a$$arton s seen b" t8o $ersons n a
+o)se n Ednb)r&+1 a fe8 +o)rs before t+e deat+ of a lad" 8+o +ad l2ed
t+ere1 and 8+ose bod" 8as to be bro)&+t bac3 to t. In t+e second (see *++
B ) t+e dead lbraran +a)nts +s lbrar"1 b)t n t+e lbrar" are 'e'bers of
+s old staff. In t+e t+rd1 t+e dead 8fe loters ro)nd +er +)sband5s to'b1 b)t
near t $asses a &ardener 8+o +ad been +ii,LL- n +er e'$lo". T+s lastt+e
case of /rs. de 4rU2lle and t+e &ardener BardI ')st nsert n t+e te#t. %s
often +a$$ens 8+en (as I do +ere) one 3no8s t+e $erc$ent and +s miieu,
e2en t+e 2er" $lot of &ro)nd on 8+c+ +e dod&ed abo)t to 8atc+ t+e
$+anto'1 one feels a realt" n t+e ncdent 8+c+ t+e 'ost satsfactor"
de$ostons fro' a dstance 8ll not al8a"s brn&. T+e case s E)oted fro'
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .*.. G)rne" t+ere re'ar3s of tJ
T+e ne#t case a&an e#+bts t+e sl&+t de$erment of t+e $erc$ent5s
e#$erence 8+c+ I +a2e alread" 'entoned. B)t ts c+ef nterest s as
ll)stratn& 8+at 'a" be called a oca, as dstnct fro' a persona, rapport
bet8een t+e $artes concerned. T+e $erc$ent1 at t+e 'o'ent of +s
'$resson1 8as conte'$latn& a s$ot 8t+ 8+c+ t+e a&ent 8as s$ecall"
connected1 and 8+c+ 'a" e2en +a2e +ad a 2er" dstnct $lace n +er d"n&
t+o)&+tsG and t s nat)ral to fnd n t+s fact a 'an condton 8+" +e1 of all
$eo$le1 s+o)ld +a2e been t+e one '$ressed.
T+e frst acco)nt of t 8as sent to )s b" t+e Re2. C. T. 4orster1 Vcar of
-n#ton1 (affron 6alden1 as follo8sJ
August Bth, *AA?.
/" late $ars+oner1 /rs. de 4rU2lle1 8as a so'e8+at eccentrc lad"1
8+o 8as s$ecall" 'orbd on t+e s)bDect of to'bs1 &c.
%bo)t t8o da"s after +er deat+1 8+c+ too3 $lace n London1 /a" At+1
n t+e afternoon1 I +eard t+at s+e +ad been seen t+at 2er" n&+t b" %lfred
Bard. I sent for +'1 and +e &a2e 'e a 2er" clear and crc)'stantal acco)nt
of 8+at +e +ad seen.
-e s a 'an of &reat obser2aton1 ben& a selfCta)&+t nat)ralst1 and I a'
E)te satsfed t+at +e desres to s$ea3 t+e tr)t+ 8t+o)t an" e#a&&eraton.
I ')st add t+at I a' absol)tel" certan t+at t+e ne8s of /rs. de
4rU2lle5s deat+ dd not reac+ -n#ton tll t+e ne#t 'ornn&1 /a" @t+. (+e
8as fo)nd dead at =.;> P./. (+e +ad been left alone n +er roo'1 ben&
$oorl"1 b)t not consdered sero)sl" or dan&ero)sl" ll.
C. T. 4OR(TER.
T+e follo8n& s t+e $erc$ent5s o8n acco)ntJ
1uy .*st, *AA?.
I a' a &ardener n e'$lo"'ent at (a8ston. I al8a"s &o t+ro)&+ -n#ton
c+)rc+"ard on '" ret)rn +o'e fro' 8or3. On 4rda"1 /a" At+1 *AA?1 I 8as
8al3n& bac3 as )s)al. On entern& t+e c+)rc+"ard1 I loo3ed rat+er caref)ll"
at t+e &ro)nd1 n order to see a co8 and don3e" 8+c+ )sed to le D)st nsde
t+e &ate. In so don&1 I loo3ed stra&+t at t+e sE)are stone 2a)lt n 8+c+ t+e
late /r. de 4rU2lle 8as at one t'e b)red. I t+en sa8 /rs. de 4rU2lle
leann& on t+e rals1 dressed ')c+ as I +ad )s)all" seen +er1 n a coalCsc)ttle
bonnet1 blac3 Dac3et 8t+ dee$ cra$e1 and blac3 dress. (+e 8as loo3n& f)ll
at 'e. -er face 8as 2er" 8+te1 ')c+ 8+ter t+an )s)al. I 3ne8 +er 8ell1
+a2n& at one t'e been n +er e'$lo". I at once s)$$osed t+at s+e +ad
co'e1 as s+e so'et'es dd1 to t+e 'a)sole)' n +er o8n $ar31 n order to
+a2e t o$ened and &o n. I s)$$osed t+at /r. 6les1 t+e 'ason fro'
Ca'brd&e1 8as n t+e to'b don& so'et+n&. I 8al3ed ro)nd t+e to'b1
loo3n& caref)ll" at t1 n order to see f t+e &ate 8as o$en1 3ee$n& '" e"e
on +er1 and ne2er 'ore t+an f2e or s# "ards fro' +er. -er face t)rned and
follo8ed 'e. I $assed bet8een t+e c+)rc+ and t+e to'b (t+ere are abo)t
fo)r "ards bet8een +ii,LM- t+e t8o)1 and $eered for8ard to see 8+et+er t+e
to'b 8as o$en1 as s+e +d t+e $art of t+e to'b 8+c+ o$ened. I sl&+tl"
st)'bled on a +assoc3 of &rass1 and loo3ed at '" feet for a 'o'ent onl".
6+en I loo3ed )$ s+e 8as &one. (+e co)ld not $ossbl" +a2e &ot o)t of t+e
c+)rc+"ard1 as n order to reac+ an" of t+e e#ts s+e ')st +a2e $assed 'e.
*
(o I too3 for &ranted t+at s+e +ad E)c3l" &one nto t+e to'b. I 8ent )$ to
t+e door1 8+c+ I e#$ected to fnd o$en1 b)t to '" s)r$rse t 8as s+)t and
+ad not been o$ened1 as t+ere 8as no 3e" n t+e loc3. I rat+er +o$ed to +a2e
a loo3 nto t+e to'b '"self1 so I 8ent bac3 a&an and s+oo3 t+e &ate to
'a3e s)re1 b)t t+ere 8as no s&n of an" one5s +a2n& been t+ere. I 8as t+en
')c+ startled and loo3ed at t+e cloc31 8+c+ 'ar3ed @..>. 6+en I &ot +o'e
I +alf t+o)&+t t ')st +a2e been '" fanc"1 b)t I told '" 8fe t+at I +ad seen
/rs. de 4rU2lle.
!e#t da"1 8+en '" lttle bo" told 'e t+at s+e 8as dead1 I &a2e a start1
8+c+ '" co'$anon notced1 I 8as so ')c+ ta3en abac3.
I +a2e ne2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton 8+ate2er.
%L4RE, B%R,.
/rs. Bard5s test'on" s as follo8sJ
1uy Ath, *AA?.
6+en /r. Bard ca'e +o'e1 +e sad1 I +a2e seen /rs. de 4rU2lle
ton&+t1 leann& 8t+ +er elbo8 on t+e $alsade1 loo3n& at 'e. I t)rned
a&an to loo3 at +er and s+e 8as &one. (+e +ad cloa3 and bonnet on.9 -e &ot
+o'e as )s)al bet8een nne and ten. It 8as on t+e At+ of /a" *AA?.
(%R%- B%R,.
T+e Times obt)ar" confr's t+e date of t+e deat+.
4ro' nfor'aton 'ore recentl" rece2ed (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $. <*?) 8e learn t+at t+e lad" 8as fo)nd dead at . P./.not =.;> P./. as
stated abo2eso t+at t+e a$$arton 8as seen abo)t se2en and a +alf +o)rs
after t+e deat+. T+s1 as G)rne" re'ar3ed1 'a3es t stll 'ore dffc)lt to
re&ard t+e case as a tele$at+c '$resson trans'tted at t+e 'o'ent of
deat+1 and re'ann& latent n t+e 'nd of t+e $erc$ent. T+e ncdent
s)&&ests rat+er t+at Bard +ad co'e )$on /rs. de 4rU2lle5s s$rt1 so to sa"1
)na8ares. One cannot 'a&ne t+at s+e s$ecall" 8s+ed +' to see +er1 and
to see +er en&a&ed n 8+at see's so needless and )nd&nfed a retracn& of
c)rrents of eart+l" t+o)&+t. Rat+er t+s see's a r)d'entar" hauntingan
nc$ent la$se nto t+ose a'less1 $er+a$s )nconsco)s1 rea$$earances n
fa'lar s$ots 8+c+ 'a" $ersst (as t 8o)ld see') for 'an" "ears after
deat+.
% so'e8+at s'lar case s t+at of Colonel Crealoc3 (n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <;.) 8+ere a solder 8+o +ad been dead so'e +o)rs 8as
seen b" +s s)$eror offcer n ca'$ at n&+t rolln& )$ and ta3n& a8a" +s
bed.
*+, . It s1 ndeed1 'anl" b" d8elln& on t+ese nter'edate cases1 +ii,
LN- bet8een a 'essa&eCbrn&n& a$$arton and a $)r$oseless +a)nt1 t+at 8e
+a2e 'ost +o$e of )nderstandn& t+e t"$cal +a)nt 8+c+1 8+le t +as been
n a sense t+e 'ost $o$)lar of all o)r $+eno'ena1 s "et to t+e caref)l
nE)rer one of t+e least satsfactor". One 'an e2dental dffc)lt"
&enerall" les n dentf"n& t+e +a)ntn& f&)re1 n fndn& an"t+n& to
connect t+e +stor" of t+e +o)se 8t+ t+e 2a&)e and often 2aro)s s&+ts and
so)nds 8+c+ $er$le# or terrf" ts fles+ and blood n+abtants. 6e ')st1 at
an" rate1 rd o)rsel2es of t+e noton t+at so'e &reat cr'e or catastro$+e s
al8a"s to be so)&+t as t+e &ro)nd8or3 of a +a)nt of t+s 3nd. To t+at
ne&at2e concl)son t+e cases no8 to be descrbed1 and t+e cases 8+c+
+a2e D)st been descrbed1 do concordantl" $ont )s. /rs. de 4rU2lle 8as
concerned n no tra&ed"G s+e 8as 'erel" an elderl" lad" 8t+ a fanc" for
se$)lc+res. %nd as to t+e cases to 8+c+ I no8 $roceedalt+o)&+ n (r
%rt+)r Bec+er5s case1 for e#a'$le (see *+, A )1 t+ere 8as at least a r)'o)r
of so'e cr'e1
*
and n /rs. /.5s case (*+, B ) of $ast tro)bles1 n 8+c+ t+e
$erc$ents1 of co)rse1 8ere n no 8a" concerned"et n /r. -)sbands5 and
/rs. Cler3e5s cases (*+, C and D )1 and /rs. Le8n5s case (&roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <B.)1 t+ere 8as not+n&1 so far as 8e 3no81 8+c+ co)ld
tro)ble t+e de$arted s$rt 8t+ '$ort)nate 'e'ores of +s eart+l" +o'e.
%&an1 /r. -)sbands5 case1 /rs. Le8n5s1 /rs. Cler3e5s1 +a2e ')c+ n
co''on. In eac+ case t+e a$$arton s seen b" a stran&er1 se2eral 'ont+s
after t+e deat+1 8t+ no a$$arent reason for ts a$$earance at t+at s$ecal
t'e. T+s last $ont s of nterest n consdern& t+e E)eston 8+et+er t+e
+all)cnator" $ct)re co)ld +a2e been $roDected fro' an" stll ncarnate
'nd. In anot+er caset+e 2son of t+e Bs+o$ of (t. Bre)c (&2en n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <B>)1 t+ere #as s)c+ a s$ecal reasonGt+e
Bs+o$5s bod"1 )n3no8n to t+e $erc$ent1 8as at t+at 'o'ent ben& b)red
at t+e dstance of a fe8 'les. /r. Pod'ore s)&&ests (op. cit., 2ol. 2. $.
;>*) t+at t 8as fro' t+e 'nds of t+e l2n& 'o)rners t+at t+e Bs+o$5s
$+antas' 8as &enerated. T+at +"$ot+ess 'a" +a2e ts $orton of tr)t+G t+e
s)rro)ndn& e'oton 'a" +a2e been one of t+e factors 8+c+ 'ade t+e
a$$arton $ossble. B)t t+e ass)'$ton t+at t 8as t+e onl" ad'ssble
factort+at t+e de$arted Bs+o$5s o8n $ossble a&enc" ')st be set asde
alto&et+erlands )s1 I t+n31 n dffc)ltes &reater t+an t+ose 8+c+ 8e
s+o)ld t+)s esca$e. T+e reader 8+o tres to a$$l" t to t+e a$$artons
E)oted n '" earler &ro)$s 8ll fnd +'self n a lab"rnt+ of co'$le#t".
(tll 'ore 8ll t+s be t+e case n dealn& 8t+ t+e far f)ller and 'ore
e#$lct motor co'')ncatons1 b" a)to'atc 8rtn& or s$eec+1 8+c+ 8e
s+all +a2e to dsc)ss n t+e t8o ne#t c+a$ters. :nless t+e act)al e2dence be
dsallo8ed n a 8+olesale 'anner1 8e s+all be forced1 I t+n31 to ad't t+e
contn)ed acton of t+e de$arted as a 'an ele'ent n t+ese a$$artons.
I do not sa" as t+e ony ele'ent. I '"self +old1 as alread" '$led1 +ii,
LO- t+at t+e t+o)&+t and e'oton of l2n& $ersons does lar&el" nter2ene1 as
adn& or condtonn& t+e nde$endent acton of t+e de$arted. I e2en bele2e
t+at t s $ossble t+at1 sa"1 an ntense f#aton of '" o8n 'nd on a
de$arted s$rt 'a" ad t+at s$rt to 'anfest at a s$ecal 'o'entand not
e2en to 'e1 b)t to a $erc$ent 'ore senst2e t+an '"self. In t+e bo)ndless
ocean of 'nd nn)'erable c)rrents and tdes s+ft 8t+ t+e s+ftn& e'oton
of eac+ se2eral so)l.
*+' . B)t no8 8e are confronted b" anot+er $ossble ele'ent n t+ese
2a&)er classes of a$$artons1 +arder to e2al)ate e2en t+an t+e $ossble
acton of ncarnate 'nds. I 'ean t+e $ossble resuts of $ast 'ental acton1
8+c+1 for o)&+t 8e 3no81 'a" $ersst n so'e $erce$tble 'anner1 8t+o)t
fres+ renforce'ent1 D)st as t+e res)lts of $ast bodl" acton $ersst. T+s
E)eston leads to t+e stll 8der E)eston of retrocognition, and of t+e
relaton of $s"c+cal $+eno'ena to time &enerall"a $roble' 8+ose
dsc)sson cannot be atte'$ted n t+s c+a$ter. Yet 8e ')st re'e'ber t+at
s)c+ $ossbltes e#stG t+e" 'a" e#$lan certan $+eno'ena nto 8+c+
lttle of fres+ ntell&ence see's to enter1 as1 for nstance1 t+e alle&ed
$ersstence1 $er+a$s for "ears1 of 'eann&less so)nds n a $artc)lar roo' or
+o)se.
*+* . %nd snce 8e are co'n& no8 to cases nto 8+c+ t+s ele'ent of
'eann&less so)nd 8ll enter lar&el"1 t see's r&+t to be&n t+er dsc)sson
8t+ a s'all &ro)$ of cases 8+ere t+ere s e2dence for t+e defnte a&enc"
of so'e d"n& or deceased $erson n connecton 8t+ nartc)late so)nds1 or
I s+o)ld rat+er sa" of t+e connection of so'e deceased $erson 8t+ t+e
so)ndsG snce t+e best e#$lanaton 'a" $er+a$s be t+at t+e" are sounds o$
#ecomebefore or after act)al deat+corres$ondn& to t+ose apparitions
o$ #ecome of 8+c+ 8e +a2e alread" +ad s$ec'ens. I &2e one of t+ese
cases n f)ll n t+e te#t1 and a second n *+* A . % t+rd +as alread" been
cted n t+e Pea3 n ,aren9 &ro)$ (*1) A ). T+e follo8n& s ta3en fro'
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. B;@.
% &entle'an 8+o s a 'aster at Eton Colle&e 8rote to )s1 on 4ebr)ar"
;rd1 *AA<J
I enclose a co$" of a 'e'orand)' 'ade a fe8 da"s after t+e e2ent
referred to. /" 'e'orand)' +as been co$ed for 'e b" /ss -.1 8+ose
na'e occ)rs n t. (+e s '" 'atrona sensble1 'ddleCa&ed1 act2e1 and
e#$erenced 8o'an. !one of t+e $eo$le concerned 8ere "o)n&1 fl&+t"1 or
fancf)l. I +a2e t+e doctor5s letterG +s na'e s G.1 and +e stll resdes +ere.
/ss -. onl" 8s+es to add t+at t ')st +a2e occ)rred fro' t8ent" 'n)tes
to $er+a$s t+rt" after dssol)ton1 and s+e sa"s t+at s+e +as ne2er +eard
an"t+n& l3e t+e e#tre'e s8eetness of t+e so)nd.
-. E. L.
T+e 'e'orand)' s as follo8sJ
ETO! COLLEGE1 August Bth, *AA*.
I 8s+ to 8rte do8n1 before t+ere s t'e for conf)son1 t+e follo8n&
feet1 occ)rrn& on T+)rsda" 'ornn&1 7)l" .At+1 *AA*1 8+en '" dear
'ot+er ded1 +ii,MP- 8+o' God restZ %fter all 8as o2er1 /ss E.I.1 ElNa 6.1
,r. G.1 and '"self ben& n t+e roo'1 /ss I. +eard a so)nd of 2er" lo81
soft ')sc1 e#ceedn&l" s8eet1 as f of t+ree &rls5 2oces $assn& b" t+e
+o)se.9 (+e descrbed f)rt+er t+e so)nd as f &rls 8ere &on& +o'e sn&n&1
onl" stran&el" lo8 and s8eetG t see'ed to co'e fro' t+e street1 $ast t+e
+o)se to8ards t+e Colle&e b)ldn&s (t+e road ends t+ere n a cu,de,sac)1
and so $assed a8a". (+e loo3ed to call '" attenton1 and t+o)&+t I
$erce2ed t. (+e notced t+at t+e doctor +eard t1 and t+at +e 8ent to t+e
8ndo8 to loo3 o)t. T+e 8ndo8 faces (.E. ElNa 6. ben& n t+e roo' at
t+e sa'e t'e +eard a so)nd of a 2er" lo81 s8eet sn&n&. (+e reco&nsed
t+e t)ne and 8ords of t+e +"'n1 T+e strfe s o5er1 t+e battle done.9 /ss I.
reco&nsed no t)ne1 b)t felt t+at t+e ')sc so)nded1 as t 8ere1 fa'lar.9
%s a 2er" acco'$ls+ed ')scan1 es$ecall" re'ar3able for +er E)c3
'e'or" of ')sc1 +ad 8ords or ar been t+ose of a 8ellC3no8n +"'n1 s+e
8o)ld al'ost certanl" +a2e re'e'bered t. T+ese t8o s$o3e to eac+ ot+er
8+en alone abo)t 8+at t+e" +ad +eard. /ss I. &2es t+e t'e at abo)t ten
'n)tes after '" dear 'ot+er e#$red. T+e" 8ere t+en )na8are of t+s
addtonal crc)'stance. /ss -. +ad left t+e roo'1 and +ad s)''oned
C+arlotte C.1 8t+ 8+o' s+e +ad $roc)red so'et+n& reE)red for la"n&
o)t t+e bod". %s t+e t8o ret)rned )$stars t+e" +eard a so)nd of ')sc1 and
bot+ sto$$ed. C+arlotte sad to /ss -.1 6+at s t+sW9 %fter a $a)se s+e
sad1 It ')st be /ss I. sn&n& to co'fort 'aster.9 T+e" after8ards
entered t+e roo'1 of 8+c+ t+e door +ad been s+)t all alon&. C+arlotte
f)rt+er descrbed t+e so)nd as 2er" s8eet and lo81 see'n& to $ass b" t+e'.
(+e felt as f1 +ad s+e onl" been able to lsten1 s+e co)ld +a2e dstn&)s+ed
t+e 8ords. It dd not occ)r to +er t+at +er descr$ton 8as 'ost ncon&r)o)s.
(+e co)ld not lsten attent2el"1 b)t felt as f ra$t)re 8ere all aro)nd +er.9
It 8as not )ntl after8ards1 8+en s+e 'entoned to ElNa +a2n& +eard /ss
I. sn&n&1 and +o8 stran&el" t so)nded1 t+at t+e" fo)nd t+at eac+ +ad +eard
t+e so)nd. /ss -. descrbed t+e so)nd as 2er" $ec)lar and s8eet1 see'n&
to $ass b" t+e' and $ass a8a"1 as t+e" bot+ sto$$ed on t+e stars. %ll t+e
starcase 8ndo8s &2e nort+C8est. I +eard not+n&1 and I s+o)ld +a2e &2en
no 8e&+t to a so)nd +eard or descrbed b" t+ese 8o'en n t+e roo' after
co'')ncatn& 8t+ eac+ ot+er1 or b" t+ese 8o'en o)t of t+e roo'
res$ect2el"G b)t t+e concdence of eac+ $art" +earn& t se$aratel" and
nde$endentl" 8t+o)t $re2o)s co'')ncaton1 as 8ell as t+e 'atterCofC
fact e#$lanaton s)&&ested for t b" one of t+e'1 see'n& to '$l" t+at t+er
t+o)&+ts 8ere not d8elln& on t+e s)$ernat)ral1 added so ')c+ 8e&+t to
t+s acco)nt t+at I 8rote to t+e doctor1 8+o ans8ersJI E)te re'e'ber
+earn& t+e sn&n& "o) 'entonG t 8as so $ec)lar t+at I 8ent to t+e
8ndo8 and loo3ed o)t1 b)t alt+o)&+ E)te l&+t I co)ld see no one1 and
cannot t+erefore acco)nt for t.9 T+e t'e ')st +a2e been abo)t . %./. on
7)l" .At+1 *AA*.
/ss I. 8rtesJ
*; P%RR (TREET1 6I!,(OR1 9ebruary ..nd, *AA<.
I 8ll co$" t+e 'e'orand)' 8+c+ I 'ade n '" dar" D)st after t+e
deat+ of '" dear frend and connecton1 /rs. L.
1uy .Ath, *AA*.
7)st after dear /rs. L.5s deat+ bet8een t8o and t+ree %./.1 I +eard a
'ost s8eet and sn&)lar stran of sn&n& o)tsde t+e 8ndo8sG t ded a8a"
after $assn& t+e +o)se. %ll n t+e roo' +eard t1 and t+e 'edcal attendant1
8+o +ii,MG- 8as stll 8t+ )s1 8ent to t+e 8ndo8 as I dd1 and loo3ed o)t1
b)t t+ere 8as nobod". It 8as a br&+t and bea)tf)l n&+t. It 8as as f se2eral
2oces 8ere sn&n& n $erfect )nson a 'ost s8eet 'elod"1 8+c+ ded
a8a" n t+e dstance. T8o $ersons +ad &one fro' t+e roo' to fetc+
so'et+n&1 and 8ere co'n& )$stars at t+e bacB of t+e +o)se1 and +eard t+e
sn&n& and sto$$ed1 sa"n&1 6+at s t+at sn&n&W9 T+e" co)ld not
naturay +a2e +eard an" so)nd o)tsde t+e 8ndo8s n t+e front of t+e
+o)se fro' 8+ere t+e" 8ere. I cannot t+n3 t+at an" e#$lanaton can be
&2en to t+sas I t+n3s)$ernat)ral sn&n&G b)t t 8o)ld be 2er"
nterestn& to 'e to 3no8 8+at s sad b" t+ose 8+o +a2e 'ade s)c+ 'atters
a s)bDect of st)d".
E. I.9
,r. G. 8rtes n *AA<J
ETO!1 6I!,(OR.
I re'e'ber t+e crc)'stance $erfectl". Poor /rs. L. ded on 7)l" .At+1
*AA*. I 8as sent for at abo)t 'dn&+t1 and re'aned )ntl +er deat+ at abo)t
..;> %./. %s t+ere 8as no E)alfed n)rse $resent1 I re'aned and asssted
t+e frends to la" o)t9 t+e bod". 4o)r or f2e of )s asssted1 and at '"
reE)est t+e 'atron of /r. L.5s +o)se and a ser2ant 8ent to t+e 3tc+en
de$art'ent to fnd a s+)tter or flat board )$on 8+c+ to $lace t+e bod".
(oon after t+er de$art)re1 and 8+lst 8e 8ere 8atn& for t+er ret)rn1 8e
dstnctl" +eard a fe8 bars of lo2el" ')scnot )nl3e t+at fro' an colan
+ar$8+c+ see'ed to fll t+e ar for a fe8 seconds. I 8ent to t+e 8ndo8
and loo3ed o)t1 t+n3n& t+ere ')st be so'e one o)tsde1 b)t co)ld see no
one1 alt+o)&+ t 8as E)te l&+t and clear. (tran&el" eno)&+ t+ose 8+o 8ent
to t+e 3tc+en +eard t+e sa'e so)nds as t+e" 8ere co'n& )$stars1 E)te at
t+e ot+er sde of t+e door. T+ese are t+e facts1 and I t+n3 t r&+t to tell "o)
t+at I +a2e not t+e sl&+test belef n t+e s)$ernat)ral1 s$rt)als'1 &c.1 &c.
7. 6. G.
T+e fact t+at /r. L. dd not s+are t+e e#$erence s stron& e2dence t+at
t+e so)nds 8ere not obDect2el" ca)sed b" $ersons sn&n& o)tsde t+e
+o)seG and t+s s f)rt+er confr'ed b" t+e sl&+t dfference 8+c+ t+ere
a$$ears to +a2e been bet8een t+e '$ressons rece2ed.
I +a2e alread" dsc)ssed (C+a$ter VI.1 '+3 and ',,/ t+e nat)re of t+ese
$+antas'al so)ndsGnor s t contrar" to o)r analo&es t+at t+e $erson 'ost
dee$l" concerned n t+e deat+ s+o)ld n t+s case fal to +ear t+e'. B)t t+e
$ont on 8+c+ I 8o)ld +ere la" stress s t+at $+antas'al so)ndse2en
nonCartc)late so)nds'a" be as clear a 'anfestaton of $ersonalt" as
$+antas'al f&)res. %'on& nonCartc)late noses ')sc s1 of co)rse1 t+e
'ost $leasn&G b)t so)nds1 for nstance1 8+c+ 'tate t+e 8or3 of a
car$enter5s s+o$1 'a" be eE)all" +)'an and ntell&ent. In so'e of t+e cases
of t+s class 8e see a$$arent atte'$ts of 2aro)s 3nds to s')late so)nds
s)c+ as 'en and 8o'enor 'an)fact)red1 as o$$osed to nat)ral1 obDects
are acc)sto'ed to $rod)ce. To cla' t+s +)'ant"1 to ndcate t+s
ntell&ence1 see's t+e onl" 'ot2e of so)nds of t+s 3nd.
*
+ii,MH-
*+) . T+ese so)nds1 n t+er r)d'entar" atte'$t at s+o8n&
ntell&ence1 are abo)t on a le2el 8t+ t+e e#$lots of t+e Polter&est19
8+ere coals are t+ro8n abo)t1 8ater s$lt1 and so fort+. P+"scal $+eno'ena
of t+at t"$e 8ll fall to be dealt 8t+ n a later c+a$terG b)t t s a c)ro)s fact
t+at Polter&est $+eno'ena s+o)ld so seldo' concde 8t+ t+e ordnar"
$+eno'ena of a +a)nt. 6e +a2e one re'ar3able caseto be 'entoned
later8+ere Polter&est $+eno'ena concde 8t+ a deat+ . )') B /G and a
fe8 cases 8+ere t+e" are s)$$osed to follo8 on a deat+G b)t1 as a r)le1
8+ere f&)res a$$ear t+ere are no 'o2e'entsG and 8+ere t+ere are
'o2e'ents no a$$arton s seen. If alle&ed Polter&est $+eno'ena are
al8a"s fra)d)lent1 t+ere 8o)ld be not+n& to be s)r$rsed at +ere. If1 as I
s)s$ect1 t+e" are so'et'es &en)ne1 t+er dssocaton fro' 2s)al
+all)cnatons 'a" so'et'es afford )s a +nt of 2al)e.
*+9 . B)t after Polter&ests +a2e been set asdeafter a se2ere lne +as
been dra8n e#cl)dn& all t+ose cases (n t+e'sel2es sn&)lar eno)&+) 8+ere
t+e 'an $+eno'ena obser2ed consst of nonCartc)late so)nds1t+ere
re'ans a &reat 'ass of e2dence to +a)ntn&1t+at s1 broadl" s$ea3n&1 to
t+e fact t+at t+ere are 'an" +o)ses n 8+c+ 'ore t+an one $erson +as
nde$endentl" seen $+antas'al f&)res1 8+c+ )s)all"1 t+o)&+ not al8a"s1
bear at least so'e rese'blance to eac+ ot+er.
*
T+e facts t+)s baldl" stated
are be"ond ds$)te. T+er tr)e nter$retaton s a 2er" dffc)lt 'atter. /rs.
(d&8c3 &2es fo)r +"$ot+eses1 8+c+ I ')st E)ote at len&t+ as t+e frst
sero)s atte'$t e2er 'ade (so far as I 3no8) to collect and face t+e
dffc)ltes of t+s $roble'1 so often1 b)t so loosel"1 dsc)ssed t+ro)&+ all
+storcal t'es. (4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. *<BKA.)
I 8ll1 t+erefore1 $roceed brefl" to state and dsc)ss t+e onl" fo)r
t+eores t+at +a2e occ)rred to 'e.
T+e t8o 8+c+ I 8ll ta3e frst n order ass)'e t+at t+e a$$artons are
d)e to t+e a&enc" or $resence of t+e s$rts of deceased 'en.
T+ere s frst t+e $o$)lar 2e81 t+at t+e a$$arton s so'et+n&
belon&n& to t+e e#ternal 8orldt+at1 l3e ordnar" 'atter1 t occ)$es and
'o2es t+ro)&+ s$ace1 and 8o)ld be n t+e roo' 8+et+er t+e $erc$ent 8ere
t+ere to see t or not. T+s +"$ot+ess n2ol2es )s n 'an" dffc)ltes1 of
8+c+ one sero)s onet+at of acco)ntn& for t+e clot+es of t+e &+ost+as
often been )r&ed1 and ne2er1 I t+n31 satsfactorl" ans8ered. !e2ert+eless1 I
a' bo)nd to ad't t+at t+ere s so'e lttle e2dence +ii,MI- tendn& to
s)&&est t+s t+eor". 4or nstance1 n t+e acco)nt1
*
of 8+c+ I +a2e &2en an
abstract1 of t+e 8ee$n& lad" 8+o +as a$$eared so freE)entl" n a certan
+o)se1 t+e follo8n& $assa&e occ)rsJHT+e" 8ent after t (t+e f&)re)
to&et+er nto t+e dra8n&Croo'G t t+en ca'e o)t1 and 8ent do8n t+e
aforesad $assa&e (leadn& to t+e 3tc+en)1 b)t 8as t+e ne#t 'n)te seen b"
anot+er /ss L/.MYco'e )$ t+e o)tsde ste$s fro' t+e 3tc+en. On t+s
$artc)lar da"1 Ca$tan L/.5sM 'arred da)&+ter +a$$ened to be at an
)$stars 8ndo8Yand nde$endentl" sa8 t+e f&)re contn)e +er co)rse
across t+e la8n and nto t+e orc+ard.I % consderable a'o)nt of clear
e2dence to t+e a$$earance of &+osts to nde$endent obser2ers n s)ccess2e
$onts n s$ace 8o)ld certanl" afford a stron& ar&)'ent for t+er +a2n& a
defnte relaton to s$aceG b)t n est'atn& e2dence of t+s 3nd t 8o)ld be
necessar" to 3no8 +o8 far t+e obser2er5s attenton +ad been dra8n to t+e
$ont n E)eston. If t +ad been a real 8o'an 8+o' t+e /ss L/.5sM 8ere
obser2n&1 8e s+o)ld +a2e nferred1 8t+ $erfect certant"1 fro' o)r
3no8led&e t+at s+e co)ld not be n t8o $laces at once1 t+at s+e +ad been
s)ccess2el"1 n a certan order1 n t+e $laces 8+ere s+e 8as seen b" t+e
t+ree obser2ers. If t+e" +ad noted t+e 'o'ents at 8+c+ t+e" sa8 +er1 and
co'$arn& notes after8ards1 fo)nd t+at accordn& to t+ese notes t+e" +ad all
seen +er at t+e sa'e t'e1 or n so'e ot+er order to t+at nferred1 8e s+o)ld
stll feel absol)te confdence n o)r nference1 and s+o)ld concl)de t+at
t+ere ')st be so'et+n& 8ron& abo)t t+e 8atc+es or t+e notes. 4ro'
assocaton of deas1 t 8o)ld be $erfectl" nat)ral to 'a3e t+e sa'e
nference n t+e case of a &+ost 8+c+ loo3s e#actl" l3e a 8o'an. B)t n
t+e case of t+e &+ost t+e nference 8o)ld not be le&t'ate1 beca)se1 )nless
t+e $artc)lar t+eor" of &+osts 8+c+ 8e are dsc)ssn& be tr)e1 t+ere s no
reason1 so far as 8e 3no81 8+" t s+o)ld not a$$ear n t8o or 'ore $laces at
once. -ence1 n t+e case of t+e &+ost1 a 8ellCfo)nded ass)rance t+at t+e
a$$earances 8ere s)ccess2e 8o)ld reE)re a caref)l obser2aton of t+e
t'es1 8+c+1 so far as I 3no81 +as ne2er been 'ade. On t+e 8+ole1
t+erefore1 I ')st ds'ss t+e $o$)lar t+eor" as not +a2n&1 n '" o$non1
e2en a primF $acie &ro)nd for sero)s consderaton.
T+e t+eor" t+at I 8ll ne#t e#a'ne see's to 'e decdedl" 'ore
$la)sble1 fro' ts analo&" to t+e concl)son to 8+c+ I a' bro)&+t b" t+e
e#a'naton of t+e e2dence for $+antas's of t+e l2n&. T+s t+eor" s t+at
t+e a$$arton +as no real relaton to t+e e#ternal 8orld1 b)t s a
+all)cnaton ca)sed n so'e 8a" b" so'e co'')ncaton1 8t+o)t t+e
nter2enton of t+e senses1 bet8een t+e dse'boded s$rt and t+e
$erc$ent1 ts for' de$endn& on t+e 'nd et+er of t+e s$rt or of t+e
$erc$ent1 or of bot+. In t+e case of +a)nted +o)ses1 +o8e2er1 a dffc)lt"
'eets )s t+at 8e do not enco)nter1 or at least rarel" enco)nter1 n a$$l"n& a
s'lar +"$ot+ess to e#$lan $+antas's of t+e l2n&1 or $+antas's of t+e
dead ot+er t+an f#ed local &+osts. In t+ese cases 8e +a2e +ii,MJ- &enerall"
to s)$$ose a s'$le rapport bet8een 'nd and 'nd1 b)t n a +a)nted +o)se
8e +a2e a rapport co'$lcated b" ts a$$arent de$endence on localt". It
see's necessar" to 'a3e t+e '$robable ass)'$ton1 t+at t+e s$rt s
nterested n an entrel" s$ecal 8a" n a $artc)lar +o)se (t+o)&+ $ossbl"
t+s nterest 'a" be of a s)bconsco)s 3nd)1 and t+at +s nterest n t $)ts
+' nto connecton 8t+ anot+er 'nd1 occ)$ed 8t+ t n t+e 8a" t+at t+at
of a l2n& $erson act)all" t+ere ')st consco)sl" or )nconsco)sl" be1
8+le +e does not &et nto s'lar co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e sa'e1 or 8t+
ot+er $ersons else8+ere.
If1 not8t+standn& t+ese dffc)ltes1 t be tr)e t+at +a)ntn& s d)e n
an" 8a" to t+e a&enc" of deceased $ersons1 and con2e"s a defnte dea of
t+e' to t+e $erc$ents t+ro)&+ t+e rese'blance to t+e' of t+e a$$arton1
t+en1 b" $atentl" contn)n& o)r n2est&atons1 8e 'a" e#$ect1 sooner or
later1 to obtan a s)ffcent a'o)nt of e2dence to connect clearl" t+e
co''ence'ent of +a)ntn&s 8t+ t+e deat+ of $artc)lar $ersons1 and to
establs+ clearl" t+e l3eness of t+e a$$arton to t+ose $ersons. T+e fact t+at
al'ost e2er"bod" s no8 $+oto&ra$+ed o)&+t to be of 'ateral assstance n
obtann& e2dence of t+s latter 3nd.
/" t+rd t+eor" ds$enses 8t+ t+e a&enc" of dse'boded s$rts1 b)t
n2ol2es )s n ot+er and $er+a$s eE)all" &reat '$robabltes. It s t+at t+e
frst a$$earance s a $)rel" s)bDect2e +all)cnaton1 and t+at t+e s)bseE)ent
s'lar a$$earances1 bot+ to t+e or&nal $erc$ent and to ot+ers1 are t+e
res)lt of t+e frst a$$earanceG )nconsco)s e#$ectanc" ca)sn& t+e' n t+e
case of t+e or&nal $erc$ent1 and so'e sort of tele$at+c co'')ncaton
fro' t+e or&nal $erc$ent n t+e case of ot+ers. In fact1 t ass)'es t+at a
tendenc" to a $artc)lar +all)cnaton s n a 8a" nfecto)s. If t+s t+eor" be
tr)e1 I s+o)ld e#$ect to fnd t+at t+e a$$arentl" nde$endent a$$earances
after t+e frst de$ended on t+e $erc$ent5s +a2n& +ad so'e sort of
nterco)rse 8t+ so'e one 8+o +ad seen t+e &+ost before1 and t+at an"
decded dscontn)t" of occ)$anc" 8o)ld sto$ t+e +a)ntn&. I s+o)ld also
e#$ect to fnd1 as 8e do n one of t+e cases I +a2e E)oted1 t+at so'et'es
t+e s)$$osed &+ost 8o)ld follo8 t+e fa'l" fro' one abode to anot+er1
a$$earn& to +a)nt t+e' rat+er t+an an" $artc)lar +o)se.
T+e fo)rt+ t+eor" t+at I s+all 'enton s one 8+c+ I can +ardl" e#$ect
to a$$ear $la)sble1 and 8+c+1 t+erefore1 I onl" ntrod)ce beca)se I t+n3
t+at t corres$onds best to a certan $art of t+e e2denceGand1 as I +a2e
alread" sad1 consdern& t+e alto&et+er tentat2e 8a" n 8+c+ 8e are
ne2tabl" dealn& 8t+ t+s obsc)re s)bDect1 t s as 8ell to e#$ress
defntel" e2er" +"$ot+ess 8+c+ an '$artal consderaton of t+e facts
s)&&ests. It s t+at t+ere s so'et+n& n t+e act)al b)ldn& tselfso'e
s)btle $+"scal nfl)ence8+c+ $rod)ces n t+e bran t+at effect 8+c+1 n
ts t)rn1 beco'es t+e ca)se of a +all)cnaton. It s certanl" dffc)lt on t+s
+"$ot+ess alone to s)$$ose t+at t+e +all)cnatons of dfferent $eo$le
8o)ld be s'lar1 b)t 8e '&+t acco)nt for t+s b" a co'bnaton +ii,MK- of
t+s +"$ot+ess and t+e last. T+e dea s s)&&ested b" t+e case1 of 8+c+ I
+a2e &2en an abstract1 8+ere t+e +a)ntn& contn)ed t+ro)&+ 'ore t+an one
occ)$anc"1 b)t c+an&ed ts c+aracterG and f t+ere be an" tr)t+ n t+e t+eor"1
I s+o)ld e#$ect n t'e to obtan a &ood deal 'ore e2dence of t+s 3nd1
co'bned 8t+ e2dence t+at t+e sa'e $ersons do not as a r)le enco)nter
&+osts else8+ere. I s+o)ld also e#$ect e2dence to be fort+co'n&
s)$$ortn& t+e $o$)lar dea t+at re$ars and alteratons of t+e b)ldn&
so'et'es ca)se t+e +a)ntn& to cease.9
*
*,0 . T+ese +"$ot+esesnone of 8+c+1 as /rs. (d&8c3 e#$ressl"
states (op. cit., $. *<?)1 see'ed to +erself satsfactor"dd ne2ert+eless1 I
t+n31 co'$rse all t+e ded)ctons 8+c+ co)ld reasonabl" be 'ade fro' t+e
e2dence as t at t+at t'e stood. % fe8 'odfcatons1 8+c+ t+e e#$erence
of s)bseE)ent "ears +as led 'e to ntrod)ce1 can +ardl" be sad to afford
f)rt+er e0panation, alt+o)&+ t+e" state t+e dffc)ltes n 8+at no8 see's
to 'e a 'ore +o$ef)l 8a".
In t+e frst $lace t+enas alread" e#$laned n C+a$ter VI.I n so'e
sense f)se nto one /rs. (d&8c35s t8o frst +"$ot+eses b" '" o8n
+"$ot+ess of act)al $resence1 act)al s$atal c+an&es nd)ced n t+e
'etet+eral1 b)t not n t+e 'ateral 8orld. I +old t+at 8+en t+e $+antas' s
dscerned b" 'ore t+an one $erson at once (and on so'e ot+er1 b)t not all
ot+er occasons) t s act)all" effectn& a c+an&e n t+at $orton of s$ace
8+ere t s $erce2ed1 alt+o)&+ not1 as a r)le1 n t+e 'atter 8+c+ occ)$es
t+at $lace. It s1 t+erefore1 not o$tcall" nor aco)stcall" $erce2edG $er+a$s
no ra"s of l&+t are reflected nor 8a2es of ar set n 'otonG b)t an )n3no8n
for' of s)$ernor'al $erce$ton1 not necessarl" actn& t+ro)&+ t+e sensor"
endCor&ans1 co'es nto $la". In t+e ne#t $lace1 I a' nclned to la" stress on
t+e $arallel bet8een t+ese narrat2es of +a)ntn& and t+ose $+antas's of t+e
l2n& 8+c+ I +a2e alread" classed as psychorrhagic. In eac+ case1 as t
see's to 'e1 t+ere s an n2ol)ntar" detac+'ent of so'e ele'ent of t+e
s$rt1 $robabl" 8t+ no 3no8led&e t+ereof at t+e 'an centre of
consco)sness. T+ose +a)nts b" t+e l2n&19 as t+e" 'a" be called (see
C+a$ter VI.1 '+9/ 8+ere1 for nstance1 a 'an s seen $+antas'all" standn&
before +s o8n fre$lacesee' to 'e to be re$eated1 $er+a$s 'ore readl"1
after t+e s$rt s freed fro' t+e fles+.
+ii,ML-
*,1 . %&an1 I t+n3 t+at t+e c)ro)s E)eston as to t+e nfl)ence of
certan houses n &eneratn& a$$artons 'a" be ncl)ded )nder t+e broader
+eadn& of Retroco&nton. T+at s to sa"1 8e are not +ere dealn& 8t+ a
s$ecal condton of certan +o)ses1 b)t 8t+ a branc+ of t+e 8de $roble'
as to t+e relaton of s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena to time. /anfestatons 8+c+
occ)r n +a)nted +o)ses de$end1 let )s sa"1 on so'et+n& 8+c+ +as ta3en
$lace a lon& t'e a&o. In 8+at 8a" do t+e" de$end on t+at $ast e2entW %re
t+e" a seE)el1 or onl" a resd)eW Is t+ere fres+ o$eraton &on& on1 or onl"
fres+ $erce$ton of so'et+n& alread" acco'$ls+edW Or can 8e n s)c+ a
case dra8 an" real dstncton bet8een a contn)ed acton and a contn)ed
$erce$ton of a $ast actonW T+e closest $arallel1 as t see's to 'e1 alt+o)&+
not at frst s&+t an ob2o)s one1 les bet8een t+ese $+eno'ena of +a)ntn&1
t+ese $ersstent s&+ts and so)nds1 and certan $+eno'ena of cr"stalC2son
and of a)to'atc scr$t1 8+c+ also see' to de$end so'e+o8 )$on lon&C
$ast e2ents1to be t+er seE)el or t+er resd)e. One s$ec'en case I &2e n
an %$$end# . *,1 A /1 8+ere t+e connecton of t+e +a)ntn& a$$arton
8t+ a certan $erson lon& deceased 'a" be 'antaned 8t+ 'ore t+an
)s)al $la)sblt". 4ro' t+at le2el t+e traceable connectons &et 8ea3er and
8ea3er (see *,1 B )1 )ntl 8e co'e to $+antas'al scenes 8+ere t+ere s no
lon&er an" e2en a$$arent cla' to t+e conte'$orar" a&enc" of +)'an
s$rts. ()c+ a 2son1 for nstance1 as t+at of a lne of s$ectral deer crossn&
a ford1 'a" ndeed1 f seen n t+e sa'e $lace b" se2eral nde$endent
obser2ers1 be +eld to be so'et+n& 'ore t+an a 'ere s)bDect2e fanc"G b)t
8+at n realt" s)c+ a $ct)re s&nfes s a E)eston 8+c+ brn&s )s at once
to t+eores of t+e $er'anence or s')ltanet" of all $+eno'ena n a t'eless
:n2ersal (o)l.
()c+ conce$tons1 +o8e2er dffc)lt1 are a'on& t+e +&+est to 8+c+ o)r
'nd can reac+. Co)ld 8e a$$roac+ t+e' 'ore nearl"1 t+e" '&+t dee$l"
nfl)ence o)r 2e81 e2en of o)r o8n re'ote nd2d)al destn". (o1 $er+a$s1
s+all t so'e da" beG at $resent 8e 'a" be 8ell satsfed f 8e can $)s+ o)r
3no8led&e of t+at destn" one ste$ f)rt+er t+an of old1 e2en D)st be+nd t+at
2el 8+c+ +as so lon& +)n& '$enetrabl" before t+e e"es of 'en.
*,( . -ere1 t+en1 s a nat)ral $lace of $a)se n o)r nE)r". 6e +a2e
8or3ed as far as 8e can on t+e data 8+c+ 8e +a2e +ad )nder o)r 2e8. T+e
sensory automatisms 8t+ 8+c+ 8e +a2e dealt n t+s and t+e $recedn&
c+a$ter +a2e $ro2ed to )s1 n '" 2e81 t+e connecton of defnte
a$$artons 8t+ nd2d)al 'en1 bot+ d)rn& bodl" lfe and after bodl"
deat+. T+e" +a2e1 n s+ort1 $ro2ed b" lo&cal reasonn& t+e e#stence and t+e
$ersstence of a s$rt n 'an.
B)t &reat as t+s ac+e2e'ent s1 t o$ens o)t 'ore $roble's t+an t
sol2esG t lea2es )s e2en 'ore ea&er t+an at frst for a f)ller ns&+t nto t+s
ne8 d'Clt 8orld. 6e cra2e for so'e 8der feld of nd)cton1 for so'e
'ore $otent en&ne of anal"ss. 6e feel t+at1 '$ortant t+o)&+ t+e facts +ii,
MM- of $+antas'al a$$earances 'a" be1 t+e" "et are n a sense so'e8+at
DeD)ne and e#ternalG 8e 8ant to &et dee$er1 to reac+ so'e $s"c+olo&cal
dsc)sson not de$endent on t'eCconcdences nor on t+e detals of so'e
e2anescent obser2aton. 6e nstnct2el" see31 n s+ort1 D)st t+at 3no8led&e
8+c+ 8ll no8 be n so'e 'eas)re afforded to )s t+ro)&+ t+e st)d" of t+at
8de ran&e of $+eno'ena 8+c+ I +a2e classed to&et+er as motor
automatisms.
T+e lne of de'arcaton ndeed bet8een sensor" and 'otor a)to'ats's
s b" no 'eans dstnct. !et+er class1 to be&n 8t+1 s 'ore 2erdcal1 'ore
ns$red fro' 8t+o)t t+an t+e ot+er. In net+er case +a2e 8e an" clear
s)bDect2e crteron as to t+e or&n of t+e 'essa&eG 8+et+er t co'es 'erel"
fro' t+e a)to'atst5s o8n 'nd1 or fro' 'nds of t+e l2n&1 or fro' 'nds
of t+e de$arted. E2en n 'ere e#ternal for'1 a&an1 t+e t8o &ro)$s are often
closel" '#ed. It 'a3es lttle dfference 8+et+er one sees 8ords 8rtten n a
cr"stal1 or 8rtes t+e' oneself 8t+ )n3no8n& +and. B)t ne2ert+eless t
')st on t+e 8+ole be ad'tted t+at 'otor a)to'ats's +a2e t+)s far been1
and see' l3el" to contn)e1 t+e 'ore nstr)ct2e of t+e t8o classes. T+e
s)ddenness1 t+e bre2t" of an a$$arton 'a" be act)all" an e2dental ad f
8e are s'$l" establs+n&1 sa"1 a deat+ concdence. B)t 8+en 8e +a2e
$roceeded to a so'e8+at f)rt+er sta&e8+en 8e are loo3n& for
nfor'aton fro' t+e nsde as to t+e nat)re of s$rt)al o$eratonst+en1 as
I +a2e sad1 t+e $o8er of E)eston and ans8er1 of $rolon&ed scr)tn"1
beco'es allC'$ortant. 6e certanl" cannot1 I re$eat1 cla' an" 'ore
)n2ersal tr)st8ort+ness for 'otor t+an for sensor" a)to'ats's. T+e
$ro$orton of 'sleadn& to 2erdcal 8rtten 'essa&es s $robabl" e2en
&reater t+an t+e $ro$orton of 'erel" s)bDect2e to 2erdcal a$$artons. B)t
8+le t+e a$$arton s &one n a 'o'ent1 t+e 8rtten or s$o3en 'atter 'a"
rene8 tself for "ears1 allo8n& )s to test bot+ ts a)t+entct" and ts
tr)t+f)lnesst8o dfferent 'atters8t+ e2er" to)c+stone 8+c+ o)r
les)re can de2se.
It ')st be1 t+en1 on t+e st)d" of 'otor a)to'ats's t+at o)r &eneral
2e8 of t+e 'etet+eral 8orld no8 o$enn& to )s ')st 'anl" be based.
T+ose lon&er colloE)es of a)to'atc s$eec+ and scr$t 8ll ntrod)ce )s to
$onts of $+loso$+" 8+c+ fleetn& a$$artons cannot teac+.
*,3 . %nd "et t s b" no 'eans needf)l1 t 8o)ld be b" no 'eans 8se1
to close e2en t+s earler branc+ of t+e nE)r" 8t+o)t so'e fe8 8ords on
ts et+cal1 ts rel&o)s as$ect. If one +o$es to nfl)ence o$non1 one ')st
realse 8+ere t+at o$non at $resent stands 8+c+ one 8o)ld fan lead nto
f)rt+er tr)t+. T+e no2eltes of t+s boo3 are ntended to 8or3 )$on
$reconce$tons 8+c+ are et+cal E)te as ')c+ as ntellect)al. It 8o)ld be
'ere $edantr" to a2od all 'enton of et+cal '$lcatons1 8+en 'atters are
to)c+ed )$on 8+c+ t+e 'aDort" of t+n3n& 'en are a&reed to re&ard fro'
a $ont of 2e8 8+c+ s as "et et+cal rat+er t+an scentfc. If t+e ne8 facts1
of s)c+ farCreac+n& '$ort1 are to enter dee$l" nto +ii,MN- t+e
consco)sness of o)r race1 t+e" ')st be seen to be 'orall"1 as 8ell as
ntellect)all"1 co+erent and acce$table.
4or t+e 'ost $art1 ndeed1 s)c+ dsc)sson 'a" be $ost$oned to '"
concl)dn& c+a$ter. B)t one $ont alread" stands o)t fro' t+e e2denceat
once so '$ortant and so 'anfest1 t+at t see's 8ell to call attenton to t at
onceas a sol2ent 'ore $otent t+an an" L)cret)s co)ld a$$l" to +)'an
s)$erstton and +)'an fears.
In t+s lon& strn& of narrat2es1 co'$le# and bNarre t+o)&+ t+er detals
'a" be1 8e "et obser2e t+at t+e c+aracter of t+e a$$earance 2ares n a
defnte 'anner 8t+ t+er dstnctness and nd2d)alt". -a)ntn&
$+anto's1 nco+erent and )nntell&ent1 'a" see' restless and )n+a$$". B)t
as t+e" rse nto defnteness1 ntell&ence1 nd2d)alt"1 t+e $+anto's rse
also nto lo2e and Do". I cannot recall one sn&le case of a $ro2ed
$ost+)'o)s co'bnaton of ntell&ence 8t+ 8c3edness. ()c+ e2l as o)r
e2dence 8ll s+o8 )s18e +a2e as "et +ardl" co'e across t n t+s boo3
s scarcel" 'ore t+an 'on3e"s+ 'sc+ef1 c+lds+ foll". In dealn& 8t+
a)to'atc scr$t1 for nstance1 8e s+all +a2e to 8onder 8+ence co'e t+e
occasonal 2)l&ar Do3es or sll" '"stfcatons. 6e s+all dsc)ss 8+et+er
t+e" are a 3nd of drea' of t+e a)to'atst5s o8n1 or 8+et+er t+e" ndcate
t+e e#stence of )ne'boded ntell&ences on t+e le2el of t+e do& or t+e a$e.
B)t1 on t+e ot+er +and1 all t+at 8orldCold conce$ton of E2l ($rts1 of
'ale2olent Po8ers1 8+c+ +as been t+e bass of so ')c+ of act)al de2lC
8ors+$ and of so ')c+ 'ore of 2a&)e s)$ernat)ral fearGall t+s
nsensbl" 'elts fro' t+e 'nd as 8e st)d" t+e e2dence before )s.
-)nc &t)r terrore' an' tenebrasE)e necessest
!on rad sols neE)e l)cda tela de
,sc)tant1 sed nat)rF s$eces ratoE)e.
LTransation M
-ere s)rel" s a fact of no lttle 'eann&. O)r narrat2es +a2e been
collected fro' 'en and 8o'en of 'an" t"$es1 +oldn& all 2aretes of
ordnar" o$non. Yet t+e )$s+ot of all t+ese narrat2es s to e'$+asse a
$ont 8+c+ $rofo)ndl" dfferentates t+e scentfc fro' t+e s)$erstto)s
2e8 of s$rt)al $+eno'ena. T+e terror 8+c+ s+a$ed $r't2e t+eolo&es
stll tn&es for t+e $o$)lace e2er" +nt of nterco)rse 8t+ dse'boded
so)ls. T+e trans')taton of sa2a&e fear nto scentfc c)rost" s of t+e
essence of c2lsaton. To8ards t+at trans')taton eac+ se$arate fra&'ent
of o)r e2dence1 8t+ )ndes&ned concordance1 nds$)tabl" tends. In t+at
fantl" o$enn& 8orld of s$rt I can fnd not+n& 8orse t+an l2n& 'enG I
see' to dscern not an ntensfcaton b)t a dsnte&raton of selfs+ness1
'ale2olence1 $rde. %nd s not t+s a nat)ral res)lt of an" cos'c 'oral
e2ol)tonW If t+e selfs+ 'an (as /arc)s %ntonn)s +as t) s a 3nd of bol
or '$ost+)'e )$on t+e )n2erse19 ')st not +s e&ostc '$)lses s)ffer n
t+at 8der 8orld a s)re1 e2en f a $anf)l1 deca"G fndn& no s)$$ort or
s)stenance a'on& t+ose $er'anent forces 8+c+ 'antan t+e strea' of
t+n&sW
+ii,MO-
*,+ . I +a2e t+)s ndcated one $ont of $r'ar" '$ortance on 8+c+
t+e )ndes&nedl" concdent test'on" of +)ndreds of frstC+and narrat2es
s)$$orts a concl)son1 not "et $o$)larl" acce$ted1 b)t n +ar'on" 8t+ t+e
e2ol)tonar" conce$tons 8+c+ r)le o)r 'odern t+o)&+t. !or does t+s
$ont stand alone. I can fnd1 ndeed1 no &)arantee of absol)te and dle blssG
no tr)'$+ n an" e#cl)s2e sal2aton. B)t t+e st)dent of t+ese narrat2es
8ll1 I t+n31 dsco2er t+ro)&+o)t t+e' )ncontradcted ndcatons of t+e
$ersstence of Lo2e1 t+e &ro8t+ of 7o"1 t+e 8lln& s)b'sson to La8.
T+ese ndcatons1 no do)bt1 'a" see' 8ea3 and scattered n
co'$arson 8t+ t+e 8+olesale1 t+oro)&+C&on& assertons of $+loso$+cal
or rel&o)s creeds. T+er ad2anta&e s t+at t+e" occ)r ncdentall" n t+e
co)rse of o)r nde$endent and c)')lat2e de'onstraton of t+e $rofo)ndest
cos'cal t+ess 8+c+ 8e can at $resent conce2e as s)sce$tble of an" 3nd
of scentfc $roof. Cos'cal E)estons1 ndeed1 t+ere 'a" be 8+c+ are n
t+e'sel2es of dee$er '$ort t+an o)r o8n s)r22al of bodl" deat+. T+e
nat)re of t+e 4rst Ca)seG t+e blnd or t+e $ro2dental ordern& of t+e s)'
of t+n&sGt+ese are $roble's 2aster t+an an" 8+c+ affect onl" t+e
destnes of 'en. B)t to 8+ate2er 'oral certant" 8e 'a" attan on t+ose
'&+test E)estons1 8e can de2se no 8a" 8+ate2er of brn&n& t+e' to
scentfc test. T+e" deal 8t+ nfnt"G and o)r 'odes of n2est&aton +a2e
&ras$ onl" on fnte t+n&s.
B)t t+e E)eston of 'an5s s)r22al of deat+ stands n a $oston )nE)el"
nter'edate bet8een 'atters ca$able and 'atters nca$able of $roof. It s n
tself a defnte $roble'1 ad'ttn& of conce2able $roof 8+c+1 e2en f not
tec+ncall" r&oro)s1 '&+t a'$l" satsf" t+e scentfc 'nd. %nd at t+e
sa'e t'e t+e conce$ton 8+c+ t n2ol2es s n tself a 3nd of a2en)e and
nlet nto nfnt". Co)ld a $roof of o)r s)r22al be obtaned1 t 8o)ld carr"
)s dee$er nto t+e tr)e nat)re of t+e )n2erse t+an 8e s+o)ld be carred b"
an e2en $erfect 3no8led&e of t+e 'ateral sc+e'e of t+n&s. It 8o)ld carr"
)s dee$er bot+ b" ac+e2e'ent and b" $ro'se. T+e dsco2er" t+at t+ere
8as a lfe n 'an nde$endent of blood and bran 8o)ld be a cardnal1 a
do'natn& fact n all scence and n all $+loso$+". %nd t+e $ros$ect t+)s
o$ened to +)'an 3no8led&e1 n t+s or n ot+er 8orlds1 8o)ld be l'tless
ndeed.
I do not 2ent)re to s)$$ose t+at t+e e2dence set fort+ n t+ese 2ol)'es1
e2en 8+en consdered n connecton 8t+ ot+er e2dence no8 accessble n
o)r &roceedings, 8ll at once con2nce t+e b)l3 of '" readers t+at t+e
'o'ento)s1 t+e e$oc+C'a3n& dsco2er" +as been alread" 'ade. !a"1 I
cannot e2en desre t+at '" o8n belef s+o)ld at once '$ose tself )$on t+e
8orld. Let 'en5s 'nds 'o2e n t+er 8onted 'annerJ &reat con2ctons are
so)nder and fr'er 8+en t+e" are of &rad)al &ro8t+. B)t I do t+n3 t+at to
t+e candd st)dent t s+o)ld b" t+s t'e beco'e 'anfest t+at t+e 8orldCold
$roble' can no8 n realt" be +o$ef)ll" attac3edG t+at t+ere s act)al and
''nent $ossblt" t+at t+e allC'$ortant +ii,NP- tr)t+ s+o)ld at last
beco'e nds$)tabl" 3no8nG and1 t+erefore1 t+at t befts all 'en of
&ood8ll9 to +el$ to8ard t+s 3no8n& 8t+ 8+at Neal t+e" 'a".
*,, . %nd t+s leads 'e to concl)de t+s c+a$ter 8t+ one )r&ent 8ord
at once of &ratt)de and of a$$eal To t+e nfor'ants1 to 8+ose care and
3ndness 8e o8e t+e e2dence collected n t+s 8or31 I ')st e#$ress t+e
cordal ac3no8led&'ent of t+e 8+ole &ro)$ of nE)rers to 8+o' t+er
nds$ensable ad +as been &2en. Es$ecal t+an3s are d)e to t+ose
e#ce$tonall" &fted $ersons 8+o +a2e $er'tted )s to 8tness and to test
t+er s)$ernor'al $o8ers. Ve8ed fro' t+e stand$ont of o)r o8n $ersonal
cla'1 or absence of cla'1 )$on o)r nfor'ants5 t'e and attenton1 t+e
a'o)nt of collaboraton offered to )s +as been &enero)s ndeed.
B)t anot+er $ont of 2e8 ')st be consdered. T+e researc+ on 8+c+
'" frends and I are en&a&ed s not t+e 'ere +obb" of a fe8 ent+)sasts.
O)r o$nons1 of co)rse1 are nd2d)al and ds$)tableG b)t t+e $acts
$resented +ere and n t+e (.P.R. &roceedings are a 2er" dfferent 'atter.
!et+er t+e rel&o)s nor t+e scentfc reader can lon&er afford to &nore
t+e'1 to $ass t+e' b". T+e" ')st be 'et1 t+e" ')st be )nderstood1 )nless
(cence and Rel&on al3e are to sn3 nto 'ere obsc)rants'. %nd t+e one
and onl" 8a" to )nderstand t+e' s to learn 'ore of t+e'G to collect 'ore
e2dence1 to tr" 'ore e#$er'ents1 to brn& to bear on t+s st)d" a far 'ore
$otent effort of t+e +)'an 'nd t+an t+e s'all &ro)$ 8+o +a2e t+)s far
been at 8or3 can $ossbl" f)rns+. 7)d&ed b" t+s standard1 t+e needed +el$
+as stll to co'e. !e2er 8as t+ere a +ar2est so $lenteo)s 8t+ labo)rers so
fe8.
+ii,NG-
CHAPTER VIII
MOTOR AUTOMATISM
Mq u
, AA qq
u
.
LTransation M
/%RC:( %:RELI:(.
)00 . In t+e $)rs)t of t+e 2ast and nc+oate nE)r" to 8+c+ t+s 8or3 s
de2oted1 8e are ne2tabl" dr2en to $)s+ on n se2eral drectons n t)rn1
alon& an rre&)lar lne of ad2ance. %nd t 8ll be 8ell to loo3 bac3 for a
'o'ent fro' t+s $ont on t+e $at+s b" 8+c+ 8e +a2e t+)s far tra2elled1 to
realse 8+at 8e +a2e alread" ac+e2ed1 and to 'a3e a $rel'nar" s)r2e" of
t+e &ro)nd 8+c+ stll les before )s.
O)r 'an t+e'e1 I re$eat once 'ore1 s t+e anal"ss of +)'an
$ersonalt"1 )nderta3en 8t+ t+e obDect of s+o8n& t+at n ts de$t+s t+ere le
ndcatons of lfe and fac)lt" not l'ted to a $lanetar" e#stence1 or to t+s
'ateral 8orld.
In t+e $irst c+a$ter t+s t+ess 8as e#$laned1 and eac+ c+a$ter t+at +as
follo8ed +as ad2anced )s a ste$ to8ards ts establs+'ent. In t+e second
c+a$ter 8e fo)nd t+at t+e oldCfas+oned conce$ton of +)'an $ersonalt" as
a )ntar" consco)sness 3no8n 8t+ $ractcal co'$leteness to t+e 8a3n&
self needed co'$lete re2son. 6e be&an b" tracn& nstances n 8+c+ t+at
consco)sness 8as dsnte&rated n 2aro)s 8a"sG and e2en a'on& t+ose
'orbd cases 8e fo)nd traces of t+e acton of a $rofo)nder self. In t+e third
c+a$ter1 dealn& 8t+ t+e $+eno'ena of soCcalled genius, 8e fo)nd f)rt+er
ndcatons of a dee$er self $ossessn& +abt)all" a +&+er de&ree of fac)lt"
t+an t+e s)$erfcal self can readl" e'$lo". In t+e $ourth c+a$ter certan
$+eno'ena connected 8t+ slee$'anfestatons of s)$ernor'al fac)lt"
bot+ telFst+etc1 tele$at+c1 and $re'ontor"led )s on to t+e conce$ton of
a +&+l" e2ol2ed s)bl'nal self o$eratn& 8t+ )n3no8n fac)lt" n an
)n3no8n en2ron'ent. !a"1 8e +a2e t+)s been led to t+n3 t+at t+s
s)bl'nal self re$resents1 'ore f)ll" t+an t+e s)$ral'nal self1 o)r central
and abdn& ben&1 so t+at1 8+en t+e sl)'ber of t+e s)$ral'nal self lea2es
t co'$arat2el" free1 t $erfor's t8o f)nctons of $rofo)nd '$ortanceG n
t+e frst $lace restorn& and reD)2enatn& t+e bodl" or&ans' b" drafts )$on
t+e ener&" of t+e s$rt)al 8orld 8t+ 8+c+ t s n co'')non1 and n t+e
second $lace tself +ii,NH- entern& nto closer connecton 8t+ t+at s$rt)al
8orld1 a$art fro' t+e bodl" or&ans'.
O)r $i$th c+a$ter1 on +"$nots'1 ser2ed as an e#$er'ental ll)straton of
t+s 2e8. 6e t+ere fo)nd t+at 8e co)ld1 b" e'$rcal $rocesses1 dee$en t+e
slee$n& $+ase of $ersonalt"1 and t+)s ncrease bot+ t+e s)bl'nal self5s
$o8er of reno2atn& t+e or&ans'1 bot+ n fa'lar and n )nfa'lar 8a"s1
and also ts $o8er of o$eratn& n a E)asCnde$endent 'anner n t+e
s$rt)al 8orld. In t+e +"$notc trance1 'oreo2er1 t+at +dden self 8as able
to co'e to t+e s)rface1 to s$ea3 and to ans8erJ to $resent tself as an
nde$endent a&ent 8t+ 8+c+ 8e co)ld drectl" deal. 6e see'ed to see
+ere an o$enn& 8+c+ '&+t lead )s far1 f 8e co)ld learn to ntensf" t+e
trance1 and at t+e sa'e t'e to 3ee$ t+e s)bl'nal self s)ffcentl" alert and
near to )s to be stll able to descrbe ts e#$erences as t+e" occ)r. If1 t+en1
'" e2dence +ad ended at t+s $ont1 I s+o)ld alread" +a2e 2ent)red to sa"1
not ndeed t+at '" farCreac+n& t+eses +ad rece2ed adeE)ate $roof1 b)t "et
t+at I +ad offered an ntell&ble and co+erent +"$ot+ess 8+c+ 8o)ld be
fo)nd to co2er a ')ltt)de of $+eno'ena 8+c+ at $resent stand n t+e te#tC
boo3s 8t+ no adeE)ate e#$lanaton1 as 8ell as a ')ltt)de of $+eno'ena
8+c+ t+e te#tCboo3s alto&et+er &nore.
B)t t+e e2dence +as not n fact ended 8t+ '" fft+ c+a$ter. On t+e
contrar" t +as fro' t+at $ont ta3en a fres+ startG +as beco'e 'ore
e#$lctl" and 'anfestl" corroborat2e of '" ntal t+ess. 4or 8e +a2e
&one on to fnd t+at t+s s)bl'nal self1 8+ose 'ore re'ar3able 8or3n&s
+ad t+)s far 'anl" been a$$arent n t+e slee$n& $+ase of o)r $ersonalt"1
s act2e1 at an" rate at occasonal 'o'ents1 d)rn& 8a3n& +o)rs as 8ell
6e $roceeded n t+e si0th c+a$ter to t+e st)d" of a)to'ats's1 t+at s to sa"1
of 'anfestatons of s)b'er&ed 'ental $rocesses1 8+c+ do not enter nto
ordnar" consco)sness. 4or con2enence5 sa3e I +a2e d2ded t+ese
a)to'ats's nto sensory and motorV on t+e one +and1 t+e s&+ts and so)nds
8+c+ 8e see and +ear t+ro)&+ so'e s)bl'nal fac)lt" rat+er t+an t+ro)&+
t+e ordnar" c+annels of senseG on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e 'otons 8+c+ 8e
$erfor'1 t+e 8ords 8+c+ 8e )tter1 'o2ed n l3e 'anner b" so'e )n3no8n
'$)lse fro' t+e dee$s 8t+n.
T+e sensory automatisms 8t+ 8+c+ t+e s#t+ c+a$ter dealt '&+t be
re&arded1 t+en1 as messages trans'tted fro' t+e s)bl'nal to t+e
s)$ral'nal self. /an" of t+ose sensor" 'essa&es see'ed $lanl" to +a2e
been or&nated n t+e a)to'atst5s o8n 'nd. T+ese ll)strated n a ne8 8a"
t+e coe#stence of dfferent seres of t+o)&+t and e#$ressons of t+o)&+t n
t+e sa'e or&ans'1 b)t dd not add to t+e e2dence of s)$ernor'al
o$eratons. Ot+er sensor" 'essa&es1 +o8e2er1 t+ere 8ere 8+c+ t+e a&enc"
of a second $erson also 8as 'anfestl" needed to e#$lan. ()c+ 8ere t+e
tele$at+c or concdental +all)cnatons for 8+c+ so ')c+ e2dence +as
been add)ced. T+ese defntel" ndcate1I s+o)ld rat+er sa" t+at t+e"
dstnctl" prove,a co'')ncaton bet8een t+e 'nds of +ii,NI- l2n&
$ersons1 nde$endentl" of t+e acton of t+e reco&nsed or&ans of sense.
B)t t+s 8as not all. In t+e seventh c+a$ter I 8ent on to s+o8 t+at t+ere
8as no 2ald reason to s)$$ose t+at bodl" deat+ $)t a sto$ to t+e des$atc+
of tele$at+c 'essa&es. B" a lon& seres of narrat2es I endea2o)red to
$ro2e t+at de$arted s$rts1 $er+a$s as freE)entl" as ncarnate s$rts1 +a2e
co'')ncated 8t+ ncarnate s$rts18t+ l2n& $ersons1b" tele$at+c
sensor" 'essa&es of t+e sa'e &eneral t"$e.
-ere t+en 8e fo)nd a class of e2dencet+e &+ostCstor" of all a&es
8+c+ +as al8a"s +)n& loosel" $resent n +)'an belef1 b)t 8+c+ no8 at
last attans to a real co&enc"1 $artl" b" t+e '$ro2e'ent n ts E)alt" as
8ell as n ts E)antt"1 b)t lar&el" also b" ts D)#ta$oston 8t+ all t+at ot+er
tele$at+c e2dence 8t+ 8+c+ t s n fact of 3ndred t"$e1and 8+c+
s+o8s t+e old &+ostl" stores as no s)$ernat)ral ano'al"1 b)t as 'erel" an
ad2anced ter' n a $ro&ress2e seres of ncdents de$endent on so'e
co+erent1 t+o)&+ as "et nco'$re+ensble1 la8.
%t t+s $ont1 one 'a" broadl" sa"1 8e reac+ t+e end of t+e $+eno'ena
8+ose e#stence s 2a&)el" fa'lar to $o$)lar tal3. %nd +ere1 too1 I '&+t
farl" cla'1 t+e e2dence for '" $r'ar" t+ess1na'el"1 t+at t+e anal"ss
of 'an5s $ersonalt" re2eals +' as a s$rt1 s)r22n& deat+1+as attaned
an a'$lt)de 8+c+ 8o)ld D)stf" t+e reader n acce$tn& t+at 2e8 as t+e
$ro2sonal +"$ot+ess 8+c+ co'es nearest to a co'$re+ens2e coC
ordnaton of t+e act)al facts. 6+at 8e +a2e alread" reco)nted see's1
ndeed1 '$ossble to e#$lan e#ce$t b" s)$$osn& t+at o)r nner 2son +as
8dened or dee$ened ts $)r2e8 so far as to attan so'e &l'$ses of a
s$rt)al 8orld n 8+c+ t+e nd2d)altes of o)r de$arted frends stll
act)all" s)bsst.
)01 . T+e reader1 +o8e2er1 8+o +as follo8ed 'e t+)s far ')st be 8ell
a8are t+at a lar&e class of $+eno'ena1 of +&+ '$ortance1 s stll a8atn&
dsc)son. LsicM 2otor a)to'ats's1t+o)&+ less fa'lar to t+e &eneral
$)blc t+an t+e $+antas's 8+c+ I +a2e classed as sensory a)to'ats's1
are n fact e2en co''oner1 and e2en 'ore s&nfcant.
/otor a)to'ats's1 as I defne t+e'1 are $+eno'ena of 2er" 8de
ran&e. 6e +a2e enco)ntered t+e' alread" 'an" t'es n t+s boo3. 6e 'et
t+e' n t+e frst $lace n a +&+l" de2elo$ed for' n connecton 8t+
')lt$le# $ersonalt" n C+a$ter II. !)'ero)s nstances 8ere t+ere &2en of
'otor effects1 ntated b" secondar" sel2es 8t+o)t t+e 3no8led&e of t+e
$r'ar" sel2es1 or so'et'es n s$te of t+er act)al resstance. %ll 'otor
acton of a secondar" self s an a)to'ats' n t+s sense1 n relaton to t+e
$r'ar" self. %nd of co)rse 8e '&+t b" analo&" e#tend t+e )se of t+e 8ord
stll f)rt+er1 and '&+t call not onl" $ostCe$le$tc acts1 b)t also 'anacal
acts1 a)to'atcG snce t+e" are $erfor'ed 8t+o)t t+e ntaton of t+e
$res)'edl" sane $r'ar" $ersonalt". T+ose de&enerat2e $+eno'ena1
ndeed1 are not to be dsc)ssed n t+s c+a$ter. Yet t 8ll be 8ell to $a)se
+ere lon& eno)&+ to 'a3e t clear to t+e reader D)st +ii,NJ- 8+at 'otor
a)to'ats's I a' abo)t to dsc)ss as evoutive $+eno'ena1 and as t+erefore
falln& 8t+n t+e sco$e of t+s treatseGand 8+at 3nd of relaton t+e" bear
to t+e dssol)t2e 'otor $+eno'ena 8+c+ occ)$" so ')c+ lar&er a $lace n
$o$)lar 3no8led&e.
)0( . In order to 'eet t+s last E)eston1 I ')st +ere &2e 'ore dstnct
for')laton to a t+ess 8+c+ +as alread" s)&&ested tself 'ore t+an once n
dealn& 8t+ s$ecal &ro)$s of o)r $+eno'ena.
(t may be e0pected that supernorma vita phenomena #i mani$est
themseves as $ar as possibe through the same channes as abnorma or
morbid vita phenomena, #hen the same centres or the same synergies are
invoved.
To ll)strate t+e 'eann& of t+s t+eore'1 I 'a" refer to a re'ar3 lon&
a&o 'ade b" Ed')nd G)rne" and '"self n dealn& 8t+ P+antas's of t+e
L2n&19 or 2erdcal +all)cnatons1 &enerated (as 8e 'antaned)1 not b" a
'orbd state of t+e $erc$ent5s bran1 b)t b" a tele$at+c '$act fro' an
a&ent at a dstance. 6e obser2ed t+at f a +all)cnatona s)bDect2e 'a&e
s to be e#cted b" t+s dstant ener&"1 t 8ll $robabl" be 'ost readl"
e#cted n so'e8+at t+e sa'e 'anner as t+e 'orbd +all)cnaton 8+c+
follo8s on a cerebral nD)r". 6e )r&ed t+at t+s s iBey to be t+e case8e
s+o8ed &ro)nd for s)$$osn& t+at t is t+e casebot+ as re&ards t+e 'ode
of e2ol)ton of t+e $+antas' n t+e $erc$ent5s bran1 and t+e 'ode n
8+c+ t see's to $resent tself to +s senses.
%nd +ere I s+o)ld 8s+ to &2e a ')c+ 8der &eneralt" to t+s $rnc$le1
and to ar&)e t+at f t+ere be 8t+n )s a secondar" self a'n& at
'anfestaton b" $+"solo&cal 'eans1 t see's $robable t+at ts readest
path o$ e0ternaisationts readest o)tlet of 2sble acton1'a" often le
alon& so'e trac3 8+c+ +as alread" been s+o8n to be a lne of lo8
resstance b" t+e dsnte&ratn& $rocesses of dsease. Or1 2ar"n& t+e
'eta$+or1 8e 'a" antc$ate t+at t+e $artton of t+e $r'ar" and t+e
secondar" self 8ll le alon& so'e $lane of clea2a&e 8+c+ t+e morbid
dssocatons of o)r $s"c+cal s"ner&es +a2e alread" s+o8n t+e'sel2es
ds$osed to follo8. If e$le$s"1 'adness1 &c.1 tend to spit up o)r fac)ltes
n certan 8a"s1 a)to'ats' s l3el" to s$lt t+e' )$ n 8a"s so'8+at LsicM
rese'bln& t+ese.
T+s ar&)'ent '&+t be ll)strated b" 2aro)s $+"scal analo&es. Let )s
c+oose as a s'$le one a ')scal nstr)'ent of l'ted ran&e. T+e
cons)''ate ')scan can &et effects o)t of t+s nstr)'ent 8+c+ t+e
ordnar" $la"er cannot r2al. B)t +e does t+s at t+e rs3 of e2o3n&
occasonal so)nds s)c+ as onl" t+e 'ost bl)ndern& of be&nners s 8ont to
$rod)ce.
(a2a&es ta3e e$le$s" for ns$raton. T+e" are t+)s far r&+t1 t+at
e$le$s" s (so to s$ea3) t+e te'$orar" destr)cton of t+e $ersonalt" n
conseE)ence of ts o8n nstablt"1 8+ereas ns$raton 8as ass)'ed to be
t+e te'$orar" s)bD)&aton of t+e $ersonalt" b" n2ason fro' 8t+o)t. T+e
one case (f I 'a" )se t+e 'eta$+or) 8as a s$ontaneo)s co'b)stonG t+e
ot+er an en3ndle'ent b" +ea2enl" fre. In less 'eta$+orcal lan&)a&e1
e#$loson and e#+a)ston of t+e +&+est ner2o)s centres ')st +a2e
so'e8+at +ii,NK- t+e sa'e loo31 8+ate2er 'a" +a2e been t+e nat)re of t+e
st')l)s 8+c+ o2erca'e t+er stablt".
)03 . B)t n 8+at 8a" t+en1 t 8ll be as3ed1 do "o) dstn&)s+ t+e
s)$ernor'al fro' t+e 'erel" abnor'alW 6+" ass)'e t+at n t+ese aberrant
states t+ere s an"t+n& besdes +"stera1 besdes e$le$s"1 besdes nsant"W
T+e ans8er to t+s E)eston +as 2rt)all" been &2en n $re2o)s c+a$ters
of t+s boo3. T+e reader s alread" acc)sto'ed to t+e $ont of 2e8 8+c+
re&ards all $s"c+cal as 8ell as all $+"solo&cal act2tes as necessarl"
et+er de2elo$'ental or de&enerat2e1 tendn& to e2ol)ton or to dssol)ton.
%nd no81 8+lst alto&et+er 8a2n& an" teleolo&cal s$ec)laton1 I 8ll as3
+' +"$ot+etcall" to s)$$ose t+at an e2ol)tonar" nisus, so'et+n& 8+c+
8e 'a" re$resent as an effort to8ards selfCde2elo$'ent1 selfCada$taton1
selfCrene8al1 s dscernble es$ecall" on t+e $s"c+cal sde of at an" rate t+e
+&+er for's of lfe. O)r E)eston1 ()$ernor'al or abnor'alW'a" t+en be
$+rased1 E2ol)t2e or dssol)t2eW %nd n st)d"n& eac+ $s"c+cal
$+eno'enon n t)rn 8e s+all +a2e to nE)re 8+et+er t ndcates a 'ere
de&eneraton of $o8ers alread" acE)red1 or1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e
$ro'se and $otenc"19 f not t+e act)al $ossesson1 of $o8ers as "et
)nreco&nsed or )n3no8n.
T+)s1 for nstance1 tele$at+" s s)rel" a ste$ n evoution.
*
To learn t+e
t+o)&+ts of ot+er 'nds 8t+o)t t+e 'edaton of t+e s$ecal senses1
'anfestl" ndcates t+e $ossblt" of a 2ast e#tenson of $s"c+cal $o8ers.
%nd an" 3no8led&e 8+c+ 8e can a'ass as to t+e condtons )nder 8+c+
tele$at+c acton ta3es $lace1 8ll for' a 2al)able startn&C$ont for an
nE)r" as to t+e e2ol)t2e or dssol)t2e c+aracter of )nfa'lar $s"c+cal
states.
*
4or e#a'$le1 8e 'a" learn fro' o)r 3no8led&e of tele$at+" t+at t+e
s)$erfcal as$ect of certan sta&es of $s"c+cal e2ol)ton1 l3e t+e
s)$erfcal +ii,NL- as$ect of certan sta&es of $+"solo&cal e2ol)ton1 'a"
rese'ble 'ere inhibition, or 'ere perturbation. B)t t+e n+bton 'a"
n2ol2e latent d"na'o&en"1 and t+e $ert)rbaton 'a" 'as3 e2ol)ton. T+e
+"$notsed s)bDect 'a" $ass t+ro)&+ a let+ar&c sta&e before +e 8a3es nto
a state n 8+c+ +e +as &aned community o$ sensation 8t+ t+e o$eratorG
so'e8+at as t+e sl38or' (to )se t+e oldest and t+e 'ost s)&&est2e of all
ll)stratons) $asses t+ro)&+ t+e a$$arent tor$or of t+e cocoonCsta&e before
e2ol2n& nto t+e 'ot+. %&an1 t+e a)to'atst5s +and (as 8e s+all $resentl"
see) s a$t to $ass t+ro)&+ a sta&e of ncoCordnated 'o2e'ents1 8+c+
'&+t al'ost be ta3en for c+orec1 before t acE)res t+e $o8er of read" and
ntell&ent 8rtn&. ('larl" t+e de2elo$'ent1 for nstance1 of a toot+ 'a"
be $receded b" a sta&e of ndefnte ac+n&1 8+c+ '&+t be ascrbed to t+e
for'aton of an abscess1 dd not t+e ne8 toot+ )lt'atel" s+o8 tself. %nd
stll 'ore str3n& cases of a perturbation #hich masBs evoution '&+t be
dra8n fro' t+e +stor" of t+e +)'an or&ans' as t de2elo$s nto ts o8n
'at)rt"1 or $re$ares for t+e a$$earance of t+e fres+ +)'an or&ans' 8+c+
s to s)cceed t.
%nalo&"1 t+erefore1 bot+ $+"solo&cal and $s"c+cal1 8arns )s not to
concl)de t+at an" &2en $s"c+oss s 'erel" de&enerat2e )ntl 8e +a2e
e#a'ned ts res)lts closel" eno)&+ to satsf" o)rsel2es 8+et+er t+e" tend to
brn& abo)t an" enlar&e'ent of +)'an $o8ers1 to o$en an" ne8 nlet to t+e
rece$ton of obDect2e tr)t+. If s)c+ t+ere $ro2e to be1 t+en1 8t+ 8+ate2er
'orbd act2tes t+e $s"c+oss 'a" +a2e been ntert8ned1 t contans
ndcatons of an e2ol)tonar" nisus as 8ell.
)0+ . T+ese re'ar3s1 I +o$e1 'a" +a2e s)ffcentl" cleared t+e &ro)nd to
ad't of o)r startn& afres+ on t+e consderaton of s)c+ 'otor a)to'ats's
as are at an" rate not 'orbd n t+er effect on t+e or&ans'1 and 8+c+ I
no8 +a2e to s+o8 to be evoutive n c+aracter. I 'antan t+at 8e +a2e no
2ald &ro)nd for ass)'n& t+at t+e 'o2e'ents 8+c+ are not d)e to o)r
consco)s 8ll ')st be less '$ortant1 and less s&nfcant1 t+an t+ose t+at
are. 6e obser2e1 of co)rse1 t+at n t+e or&anc re&on t+e 'o2e'ents 8+c+
are not d)e to consco)s 8ll are reall" t+e 'ost '$ortant of all1 t+o)&+ t+e
2ol)ntar" 'o2e'ents b" 8+c+ a 'an see3s food and $rotects +'self
a&anst ene'es are also of &reat $ractcal '$ortance+e ')st frst l2e
and ')lt$l" f +e s to learn and 3no8. B)t 8e ')st &)ard a&anst
conf)sn& '$ortance for ''edate $ractcal lfe 8t+ '$ortance for
scenceon 8+c+ e2en $ractcal lfe )lt'atel" de$ends. %s soon as t+e
tas3 of l2n& and ')lt$l"n& s no lon&er allCen&rossn&1 8e be&n to
c+an&e o)r relat2e est'ate of 2al)es1 and to fnd t+at t s not t+e broad and
ob2o)s $+eno'ena1 b)t t+e resd)al and el)s2e $+eno'ena1 8+c+ are
oftenest l3el" to ntrod)ce )s to ne8 a2en)es of 3no8led&e. I 8s+ to
$ers)ade '" readers t+at t+s s E)te as tr)l" t+e case n $s"c+olo&" as n
$+"scs.
I 'a" sa" at once t+at so'e of t+e a)to'atc 'o2e'ents 8t+ 8+c+ 8e
s+all +a2e to dealcertan )tterances and 8rtn&s &2en n a state of +ii,NM-
$ossesson9')st ran31 n '" 2e81 a'on& t+e 'ost '$ortant
$+eno'ena "et obser2ed b" 'an. 4or t+er $ro$er st)d" 8e need far 'ore
of ntrod)ctor" 'atter t+an n t+ese 2ol)'es I can $ossbl" &2e. I s+all at
an" rate1 t+erefore1 'a3e no a$olo&" for t+e ambages et onga e0orsat+e
lon& and tort)o)s a$$roac+t+ro)&+ 8+c+ '" reader1 I fear1 ')st follo8
'e1 f +e s at last to dsco2er an" connecton and con&r)t" bet8een t+ose
tranceC'essa&es and t+e str)ct)re of +s o8n $re2o)s 3no8led&e. I s+all at
an" rate not atte'$t to conceal '" o8n &norances and )ncertantesG b)t
s+all &ro$e abo)t1 so to sa"1 before '" reader5s e"es1 ndcatn& a&an and
a&an 8+ere o)r ns&+t at $resent ends1 and re$eatn& a&an and a&an1 fro'
dfferent $onts of 2e81 and 8t+ fres+ ll)stratons1 t+ose '$erfect1 "et
'$ortant1 fra&'ents of 3no8led&e 8+c+ I +old t+at 8e +a2e n fact
attaned.
)0, . %s a frst ste$ n o)r anal"ss1 8e 'a" $ont o)t certan 'an
c+aracters 8+c+ )nte n a tr)e class all t+e a)to'ats's 8+c+ 8e are +ere
consdern&&reatl" t+o)&+ t+ese 'a" dffer a'on& t+e'sel2es n e#ternal
for'.
In t+e frst $lace1 t+en1 o)r a)to'ats's are independent $+eno'enaG
t+e" are 8+at t+e $+"scan calls idiognomonic. T+at s to sa"1 t+e" are not
'erel" s"'$to'atc of so'e ot+er affecton1 or ncdental to so'e
$rofo)nder c+an&e. T+e 'ere fact1 for nstance1 t+at a 'an 8rtes 'essa&es
8+c+ +e does not consco)sl" or&nate 8ll not1 8+en ta3en alone1 $ro2e
an"t+n& be"ond t+s fact tself as to t+e 8rter5s condton. -e 'a" be
$erfectl" sane1 n nor'al +ealt+1 and 8t+ not+n& )n)s)al obser2able abo)t
+'. T+s c+aracterstc$ro2able b" act)al obser2aton and e#$er'ent
dstn&)s+es o)r a)to'ats's fro' 2aro)s see'n&l" 3ndred $+eno'ena.
T+)s 8e 'a" +a2e to ncl)de n o)r class t+e occasonal a)to'atc )tterance
of 8ords or sentences. B)t t+e contn)o)s e#+a)stn& 2ocferaton of ac)te
'ana does not fall 8t+n o)r $ro2nceG for t+ose s+o)ts are 'erel"
symptomatic/ nor1 a&an1 does t+e cri hydroc;phaique (or s$ontaneo)s
'eann&less nose 8+c+ so'et'es acco'$anes 8ater on t+e bran)G for
t+at1 too1 s no nde$endent $+eno'enon1 b)t t+e drect conseE)ence of a
defnte leson. 4)rt+er'ore1 8e s+all +a2e to ncl)de n o)r class certan
s'$le 'o2e'ents of t+e +ands1 coCordnated nto t+e act of 8rtn&. B)t
+ere1 also1 o)r defnton 8ll lead )s to e#cl)de choreic 'o2e'ents1 8+c+
are 'erel" s"'$to'atc of ner2o)s 'alCn)trtonG or 8+c+ 8e 'a"1 f 8e
c+oose1 call idiopathic, as constt)tn& an nde$endent 'alad". B)t o)r
a)to'ats's are not idiopathic b)t idiognomonic/ t+e" 'a" ndeed be
assocated 8t+ or facltated b" certan states of t+e or&ans'1 b)t t+e" are
net+er a s"'$to' of an" ot+er 'alad"1 nor are t+e" a 'alad" n
t+e'sel2es.
%&reen&1 t+en1 t+at o)r $ec)lar class conssts of a)to'ats's 8+c+ are
do&no'onc18+ose e#stence does not necessarl" '$l" t+e e#stence
of so'e $rofo)nder affecton alread" 3no8n as $rod)cn& t+e'18e +a2e
stll to loo3 for so'e 'ore $ost2e bond of connecton bet8een t+e' +ii,
NN- so'e E)alt" co''on to all of t+e'1 and 8+c+ 'a3es t+e' 8ort+ o)r
$rolon&ed n2est&aton.
T+s 8e s+all fnd n t+e fact t+at t+e" are all of t+e' message,bearing
or nunciative a)to'ats's. I do not1 of co)rse1 'ean t+at t+e" all of t+e'
brn& 'essa&es fro' so)rces e#ternal to t+e a)to'atst5s o8n 'nd. In so'e
cases t+e" $robabl" do t+sG b)t as a r)le t+e soCcalled 'essa&es see' 'ore
$robabl" to or&nate 8t+n t+e a)to'atst5s o8n $ersonalt". 6+"1 t+en1 t
'a" be as3ed1 do I call t+e' messages? 6e do not )s)all" s$ea3 of a 'an
as sendn& a 'essa&e to +'self. T+e ans8er to t+s E)eston n2ol2es1 as
8e s+all $resentl" see1 t+e $rofo)ndest conce$ton of t+ese a)to'ats's to
8+c+ 8e can as "et attan. T+e" $resent t+e'sel2es to )s as 'essa&es
co'')ncated fro' one strat)' to anot+er strat)' of t+e sa'e $ersonalt".
Or&natn& n so'e dee$er None of a 'an5s ben&1 t+e" float )$ nto
s)$erfcal consco)sness as deeds1 2sons1 8ords1 read"C'ade and f)llC
blo8n1 8t+o)t an" acco'$an"n& $erce$ton of t+e elaborat2e $rocess
8+c+ +as 'ade t+e' 8+at t+e" are.
)0' . Can 8e t+en (8e 'a" ne#t as3) n an" 8a" $redct t+e $ossble
range of t+ese 'otor a)to'ats'sW -a2e 8e an" l't ass&nable a priori,
o)tsde 8+c+ t 8o)ld be )seless to loo3 for an" e#ternalsaton of an
'$)lse e'anatn& fro' s)bCconsco)s strata of o)r ben&W
T+e ans8er to t+s ')st be t+at no s)c+ l't can be 8t+ an" confdence
s)&&ested. 6e +a2e not "et learnt 8t+ an" dstnctness e2en +o8 far t+e
8a2e fro' a consciousy,perceived, st')l)s 8ll s$read1 or 8+at c+an&es
ts 'oton 8ll ass)'e. (tll less can 8e $redct t+e l'tatons 8+c+ t+e
resstance of t+e or&ans' 8ll '$ose on t+e radaton of a st')l)s
or&nated 8t+n tself. 6e are learnn& to consder t+e +)'an or&ans' as
a $ractcall" nfnte co'$le# of nteractn& 2bratonsG and eac+ "ear adds
'an" ne8 facts to o)r 3no8led&e of t+e 2aro)s transfor'atons 8+c+
t+ese 2bratons 'a" )nder&o1 and of t+e )ne#$ected artfces b" 8+c+ 8e
'a" learn to co&nse so'e st')l)s 8+c+ s not drectl" felt.
% fe8 concrete nstances 8ll 'a3e '" 'eann& $laner. %nd '" frst
e#a'$le s+all be ta3en fro' t+ose e#$er'ents n musce,reading% less
correctl" ter'ed 'ndCreadn&8t+ 8+c+ t+e readers of t+ese
&roceedings are alread" fa'lar. Let )s s)$$ose t+at I a' to +de a $n1 and
t+at so'e acco'$ls+ed ')scleCreader s to ta3e '" +and and fnd t+e $n
b" notn& '" ')sc)lar ndcatons.
*
I frst +de t+e $n n t+e +eart+Cr)&G
t+en I c+an&e '" 'nd and +de t n t+e boo3s+elf. I f# '" 'nd on t+e
boo3s+elf1 b)t resol2e to 'a3e no &)dn& 'o2e'ent. T+e ')scleCreader
ta3es '" +and1 leads 'e frst to t+e r)&1 t+en to t+e boo3s+elf1 and fnds t+e
$n. !o81 8+at +as +a$$ened n t+s caseW 6+at 'o2e'ents +a2e I 'adeW
4rstl"1 I +a2e 'ade no vountary 'o2e'entG and secondl"1 I +a2e 'ade
no conscious invountary 'o2e'ent. B)t1 t+rdl"1 I +a2e 'ade an +ii,NO-
unconscious invountary 'o2e'ent 8+c+ drectl" de$ended on consco)s
deaton. I stron&l" t+o)&+t of t+e boo3s+elf1 and 8+en t+e boo3s+elf 8as
reac+ed n o)r 2a&)e career abo)t t+e roo' I 'ade a 'o2e'entsa" rat+er
a tre'or occ)rredn '" +and1 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ be"ond bot+ '"
3no8led&e and '" control1 8as eno)&+ to s)$$l" to t+e ')scleCreader5s
delcate sensblt" all t+e ndcaton reE)red. %ll t+s s no8 ad'tted1 and1
n a sense1 )nderstoodG 8e for')late t b" sa"n& t+at '" consco)s deaton
contaned a 'otor ele'entG and t+at t+s 'otor ele'ent1 t+o)&+ n+bted
fro' an" consco)s 'anfestaton1 dd "et ne2tabl" e#ternalse tself n a
$er$+eral tre'or.
B)t1 fo)rt+l"1 so'et+n& 'ore t+an t+s +as clearl" ta3en $lace. Before
t+e ')scleCreader sto$$ed at t+e boo3s+elf +e sto$$ed at t+e r)&. I 8as no
lon&er consco)sl" t+n3n& of t+e r)&G b)t t+e dea of t+e $n n t+e r)&
')st stll +a2e been re2erberatn&1 so to sa"1 n '" s)bCconsco)s re&onG
and t+s )nconsco)s 'e'or"1 t+s )nnoted re2erberaton1 re2ealed tself n
a $er$+eral tre'or nearl" as dstnct as t+at 8+c+ (8+en t+e boo3s+elf 8as
reac+ed) corres$onded to t+e stran of consco)s t+o)&+t.
T+s tre'or1 t+en1 8as n a certan sense a 'essa&eCbearn& a)to'ats'.
It 8as t+e e#ternalsaton of an dea 8+c+1 once consco)s1 +ad beco'e
)nconsco)s1 t+o)&+ n t+e sl&+test conce2able de&reena'el"1 b" a 'ere
sl&+t esca$e fro' t+e feld of drect attenton.
)0* . -a2n&1 t+en1 consdered an nstance 8+ere t+e a)to'atc 'essa&e
$asses onl" bet8een t8o closel"CadDacent strata of consco)sness1
e#ternalsn& an '$)lse der2ed fro' an dea 8+c+ +as onl" recentl" s)n3
o)t of consco)sness and 8+c+ co)ld easl" be s)''oned bac3 a&anGlet
)s fnd o)r ne#t ll)straton n a case 8+ere t+e lne of de'arcaton bet8een
t+e strata of consco)sness t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t+e a)to'atc 'essa&e $erces s
dstnct and '$assable b" an" effort of 8ll.
Let )s ta3e a case of post,hypnotic suggestion/sa"1 for nstance1 an
e#$er'ent of Ed')nd G)rne"5s (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;*@).
T+e s)bDect +ad been traned to 8rte 8t+ $lanc+ette1 after +e +ad been
a8a3ened1 t+e state'ents 8+c+ +ad been 'ade to +' 8+en n t+e +"$notc
trance. -e 8rote t+e desred 8ords1 or so'et+n& l3e t+e'1 b)t 8+le +e
8rote t+e' +s 8a3n& self 8as entrel" )na8are of 8+at +s +and 8as
8rtn&. T+)s1 +a2n& been told n t+e trance1 It +as be&)n sno8n& a&an19
+e 8rote after 8a3n&1 It be&)n sno8n&19 8+le +e read alo)d1 8t+
8a3n& ntell&ence1 fro' a boo3 of stores1 and 8as E)te )nconsco)s of
8+at +s +and ($laced on a $lanc+ette be+nd a screen) 8as at t+e sa'e t'e
8rtn&.
-ere 8e +a2e an a)to'atc 'essa&e of traceable or&nG a 'essa&e
'$lanted n t+e +"$notc strat)' of t+e s)bDect5s self1 and cro$$n& )$
l3e a fa)ltn t+e 8a3n& strat)'1e#ternalsed n a)to'atc 'o2e'ents
8+c+ t+e 8a3n& self co)ld net+er $redct nor &)de.
+ii,OP-
)0) . Yet once 'ore. In t+e dsc)sson 8+c+ 8ll follo8 8e s+all +a2e
2aro)s nstances of t+e transfor'aton (as I s+all re&ard t) of $s"c+cal
s+oc3 nto defnte ')sc)lar ener&" of a$$arentl" a E)te alen 3nd. ()c+
transfor'atons of soCcalled $s"c+cal nto $+"scal forceof 8ll nto
'otondo of co)rse $er$et)all" occ)r 8t+n )s. B)t t+e nat)re of t+ese s
co''onl" ')c+ obsc)red b" t+e $roble' as to t+e tr)e effcac" of t+e #i/
and t see's desrable to cte one or t8o e#a'$les of s)c+ trans')taton
8+ere t+e $rocess s 8+at 8e call a)to'atc1 and 8e see' to detect t+e
s'$le ')sc)lar correlat2et+e 'otor eE)2alentto so'e e'oton or
sensaton 8+c+ contans no ob2o)s 'otor ele'ent at all.
%n eas"1 t+o)&+ a ro)&+1 8a" of testn& trans')tatons of t+s 3nd s
afforded b" t+e d"na'o'eter. It s necessar" frst to dsco2er t+e a'o)nt of
$ress)re 8+c+ t+e s)bDect of e#$er'ent can e#ert on t+e d"na'o'eter1 b"
sE)eeNn& t 8t+ all t+e force at +s co''and1 n +s ordnar" condton.
%fter +e +as +ad a lttle $ractce +s +&+est attanable force of sE)eeNe
beco'es nearl" constantG and t s t+en $ossble to s)bDect +' to 2aro)s
st')l1 and to 'eas)re t+e de&ree of res$onseG t+at s1 t+e de&ree n 8+c+
+s sE)eeNe beco'es et+er 'ore or less $o8erf)l 8+le t+e st')l)s s
a$$led. T+e e#$er'ents are1 n fact1 a sort of elaboraton of a fa'lar
$+eno'enon. I ta3e a c+ld to a crc)sG +e sts b" 'e +oldn& '" +andG t+ere
s a dsc+ar&e of ')s3etr" and +s &r$ t&+tens. !o8 n t+s case 8e s+o)ld
call t+e c+ld5s t&+tened &r$ a)to'atc. B)t s)$$ose t+at1 nstead of 'erel"
+oldn& '" +and1 +e s tr"n& 8t+ all +s '&+t to sE)eeNe t+e
d"na'o'eter1 and t+at t+e s)dden e#ctaton enables +' to sE)eeNe t
+arderare 8e t+en to descrbe t+at e#tra sE)eeNe as a)to'atcW or as
2ol)ntar"W
-o8e2er $+rased1 t s t+e fact (as a'$l" establs+ed b" /. 4UrU and
ot+ers
*
) t+at e#ctatons of al'ost an" 3nd8+et+er s)dden and startln&
or a&reeable and $rolon&eddo tend to ncrease t+e s)bDect5s
d"na'o'etrcal $o8er. In t+e frst $lace1 and t+s s n tself an '$ortant
fact1 t+e a2era&e of sE)eeNn&C$o8er s fo)nd to be &reater a'on& ed)cated
st)dents t+an a'on& rob)st labo)rn& 'en1 t+)s s+o8n& t+at t s not so
')c+ de2elo$ed ')scle as act2e bran 8+c+ renders $ossble a s)dden
concentraton of ')sc)lar force. B)t 'ore t+an t+sG /. 4UrU fnds t+at 8t+
+'self and +s frends t+e 'ere lstenn& to an nterestn& lect)re1 or t+e
'ere stress of t+o)&+t n solt)de1 or stll 'ore t+e act of 8rtn& or of
s$eec+1 $rod)ces a decded ncrease of stren&t+ n t+e &r$1 es$ecall" of t+e
r&+t +and. T+e sa'e effect of d"na'o&en" s $rod)ced 8t+ +"$notc
s)bDects1 b" ')scal so)nds1 b" colo)red l&+t1 es$ecall" red l&+t1 and e2en
b" a +all)cnator" s)&&eston of red l&+t. %ll o)r sensatons19 sa"s /.
4UrU n concl)son1 are acco'$aned b" a de2elo$'ent of $otental ener&"1
8+c+ $asses nto a 3netc state1 and e#ternalses +ii,OG- tself n 'otor
'anfestatons 8+c+ e2en so ro)&+ a 'et+od as d"na'o'etr" s able to
obser2e and record.9
I 8o)ld be& t+e reader to 3ee$ t+ese 8ords n 'nd. 6e s+all $resentl"
fnd t+at a 'et+od a$$arentl" e2en ro)&+er t+an d"na'o&ra$+c tracn&s
'a" be able to nter$ret1 8t+ far &reater delcac"1 t+e a)to'atc tre'ors
8+c+ are co)rsn& to and fro 8t+n )s. If once 8e can &et a s$" nto t+e
ctadel of o)r o8n ben&1 +s r)dest s&nalln& 8ll tell )s 'ore t+an o)r
s)btlest nferences fro' o)tsde of 8+at s ben& $lanned and done 8t+n.
)09 . 4)rt+er ll)stratons '&+t easl" be +ere &2en. B)t for bre2t"5s
sa3e I $ass on to t+e a)to'atc 'essa&es 8+c+ for' o)r s$ecal s)bDect1
tr)stn& t+at t+e s$ec'ens abo2e &2en of motor e0ternaisations of
)ne#$ected 3nds 'a" +a2e led t+e reader to feel t+at e#$er'ent alone can
tell )s +o8 far s)c+ delcate 'otor ndcatons 'a" n fact be traceableG +o8
')c+ of nfor'aton 'a" $ass fro' one strat)' of o)r consco)sness to
anot+er1 and n a for' +o8 stran&el" trans')ted. %nd +a2n& no8 to deal
8t+ 8+at I defne as 'essa&es con2e"ed b" one strat)' n 'an to anot+er
strat)'1 I ')st frst consder n 8+at &eneral 8a"s +)'an 'essa&es can be
con2e"ed. 6rtn& and s$eec+ +a2e beco'e $redo'nant n t+e nterco)rse
of c2lsed 'en1 and t s to 8rtn& and s$eec+ t+at 8e loo3 8t+ 'ost
nterest a'on& t+e co'')ncatons of t+e s)bl'nal self. B)t t does not
follo8 t+at t+e s)bl'nal self 8ll al8a"s +a2e s)c+ co'$le# 'et+ods at ts
co''and. 6e +a2e seen alread" t+at t often fnds t +ard to 'ana&e t+e
delcate coCordnatons of ')sc)lar 'o2e'ent reE)red for 8rtn&1t+at
t+e atte'$t at a)to'atc scr$t ends n a t+)'$ and a scra8l. ,oes t+e
+stor" of an'al co'')ncaton s)&&est to )s to tr" an" easer1 'ore
r)d'entar" $lanW
T+e frst co'')ncatons of an'als are b" &est)reG and e2en 8+en
so)nd s added t+s s at frst onl" a s$ecalsed 3nd of &est)re. T+e +&+er
an'als dscr'nate t+er callsG 'an de2elo$s s$eec+G and t+e 'essa&eC
&2n& '$)lse $arts nto t+e 'an c+annels of 'o2e'ent'o2e'ent of
t+e t+roat and 'o2e'ent of t+e +and. T+e +andC&est)res+&+ as +ea2en19
+orned l3e a sta&19 and so fort+de2elo$ n t+er t)rn nto t+e r)de
dra8n& of obDectsG and t+s &ra$+c '$)lse a&an d2des alon& t8o
c+annels. On t+e one +and t de2elo$s nto t+e $ctoral and $lastc arts1
con2e"n& ts 'essa&es t+ro)&+ 8+at 'a" be ter'ed a drect1 as o$$osed to
an arbtrar" s"'bols'. On t+e ot+er +and t ass'lates tself to t+e la8s of
s$eec+1 t beco'es deo&ra$+cG and &rad)all" 'er&n& drect nto arbtrar"
s"'bols' t beco'es al$+abetcal scr$t1 art+'etc1 al&ebra1 tele&ra$+".
B)t t+e 8ord tele&ra$+" s)&&ests to )s t+at n recent t'es a fres+
be&nnn& +as +ad to be 'ade n +)'an co'')ncatonG 'odes +a2e +ad to
be n2ented b" 8+c+ a c2lsed 'an1 ds$osn& onl" of a fe8 s'$le
'o2e'ents1t+e deflectons of t+e ndcatn& needle1'&+t attan to t+e
$recson of &ra''atcal s$eec+. T+s1 as 8e 3no81 +as been easl" +ii,OH-
effectedG and t+e 'ere re$etton of one or t8o s'$le 'o2e'ents at 2ared
nter2als s)ffces1 to e"e or ear1 for all t+e $)r$oses of an al$+abet.
!o8 8e s+all fnd1 $er+a$s1 a'on& t+e co'')ncatons of t+e
s)bl'nal self $arallels to all t+ese 2ar"n& 'odes of co'')ncaton. B)t
snce t+e s)bl'nal self1 l3e t+e tele&ra$+st1 be&ns ts effort 8t+ f)ll
3no8led&e1 ndeed1 of t+e al$+abet1 b)t 8t+ onl" 8ea3 and r)de co''and
o2er o)r ')sc)lar adD)st'ents1 t s a priori l3el" t+at ts easest 'ode of
co'')ncaton 8ll be t+ro)&+ a re$etton of s'$le 'o2e'ents1 so
arran&ed as to corres$ond to letters of t+e al$+abet.
%nd +ere1 I t+n31 8e +a2e attaned to a conce$ton of t+e '"stero)s
and ')c+Cderded $+eno'enon of tableCtltn&9 8+c+ enables )s to
correlate t 8t+ 3no8n $+eno'ena1 and to start at least fro' an ntell&ble
bass1 and on a defnte lne of nE)r".
% fe8 8ords are needed to e#$lan 8+at are t+e 2erfable $+eno'ena1
and t+e less 2erfable +"$ot+eses1 connoted b" s)c+ 8ords as tableC
t)rnn&19 s$rtCra$$n&19 and t+e l3e.
If one or 'ore $ersons of a s$ecal t"$e1at $resent defnable onl" b"
t+e E)estonCbe&&n& and barbaro)s ter' 'ed)'stc19re'an E)etl"
for so'e t'e 8t+ +ands n contact 8t+ so'e easl" 'o2able obDect1 and
desrn& ts 'o2e'ent1 t+at obDect 8ll so'et'es be&n to 'o2e. If1 f)rt+er1
t+e" desre t to ndcate letters of t+e al$+abet b" ts 'o2e'ents1as b"
tltn& once for a, t8ce for b, &c.1 t 8ll often do so1 and ans8ers
)ne#$ected b" an" one $resent 8ll be obtaned.
T+)s far1 8+ate2er o)r nter$retaton1 8e are n t+e re&on of easl"
re$rod)cble facts1 8+c+ 'an" of '" readers 'a" confr' for t+e'sel2es
f t+e" $lease.
B)t be"ond t+e s'$le 'o2e'entsor tableCt)rnn&and t+e
ntell&ble res$onsesor tableCtltn&bot+ of 8+c+ are at least primF
$acie $+"scall" e#$lcable b" t+e stters5 )nconsco)s $ress)re1 8t+o)t
$ost)latn& an" )n3no8n $+"scal force at all1t s alle&ed b" 'an"
$ersons t+at f)rt+er $+"scal $+eno'ena occ)rG na'el"1 t+at t+e table
'o2es n a drecton1 or 8t+ a 2olence1 8+c+ no )nconsco)s $ress)re can
e#$lanG and also t+at $erc)ss2e so)nds or ra$s9 occ)r1 8+c+ no
)nconsco)s acton1 or ndeed no a&enc" 3no8n to )s1 co)ld $rod)ce. T+ese
ra$s co'')ncate 'essa&es l3e t+e tlts1 and t s to t+e' t+at t+e na'e of
s$rtCra$$n&9 s $ro$erl" &2en. B)t s$rt)alsts &enerall" dra8 lttle
dstncton bet8een t+ese fo)r $+eno'ena'ere tableCt)rnn&1 res$ons2e
tableCtltn&1 'o2e'ents of ne#$lcable 2e+e'ence1 and res$ons2e ra$s
attrb)tn& all al3e to t+e a&enc" of de$arted s$rts of 'en and 8o'en1 or
at an" rate to dse'boded ntell&ences of so'e 3nd or ot+er.
I a' not at $resent dsc)ssn& t+e $+"scal $+eno'ena of ($rt)als'1
and I s+all t+erefore lea2e on one sde all t+e alle&ed 'o2e'ents and noses
of t+s 3nd for 8+c+ )nconsco)s $ress)re 8ll not acco)nt I do not
$reD)d&e t+e E)eston as to t+er real occ)rrenceG b)t ass)'n& t+at s)c+
dst)rbances of t+e $+"scal order do occ)r1 t+ere s at least no primF +ii,OI-
$acie need to refer t+e' to dse'boded s$rts. If a table 'o2es 8+en no
one s to)c+n& t1 t+s s not ob2o)sl" 'ore l3el" to +a2e been effected b"
'" deceased &randfat+er t+an b" '"self. 6e cannot tell +o I co)ld 'o2e tG
b)t t+en 8e cannot tell +o8 he co)ld 'o2e t et+er. T+e E)eston ')st be
ar&)ed on ts 'erts n eac+ caseG and o)r $resent ar&)'ent s not t+erefore
2tated b" o)r $ost$one'ent of t+s f)rt+er $roble'.
)10 . Before /. Rc+et
*
I bele2e t+at no 8rter1 o)tsde t+e ($rt)alstc
&ro)$1 so ')c+ as s+o8ed an" $ractcal 3no8led&e of t+s $+eno'enon1
stll less endea2o)red to e#$lan t. 4arada"5s 8ellC3no8n e#$lanaton of
tableCt)rnn& as t+e res)lt of t+e s)''aton of 'an" )nconsco)s
'o2e'entsob2o)sl" tr)e as t s for so'e of t+e s'$lest cases of tableC
'o2e'entdoes not to)c+ t+s far 'ore dffc)lt E)eston of t+e
or&naton of t+ese ntell&ent 'essa&es1 con2e"ed b" dstnct and re$eated
'o2e'ents of so'e obDect ad'ttn& of read" ds$lace'ent. T+e ordnar"
e#$lanatonI a' s$ea3n&1 of co)rse1 of cases 8+ere fra)d s not n
E)estons t+at t+e stter )nconsco)sl" sets &on& and sto$s t+e
'o2e'ents so as to s+a$e t+e 8ord n accordance 8t+ +s e#$ectaton.
!o8 t+at +e )nconsco)sl" sets &on& and sto$s t+e 'o2e'ents s $art of
'" o8n $resent contenton1 b)t t+at t+e 8ord s t+ereb" s+a$ed n
accordance 8t+ +s e#$ectaton s often far ndeed fro' ben& t+e case.
(e2eral of t+e e#a'$les n t+e %$$endces to t+s c+a$ter ll)strate t+e
bNarre ca$rco)sness of t+ese re$lest+er 8ant of relaton to an"t+n&
antc$ated or desred b" t+e $ersons n contact 8t+ t+e table. ('lar
nstances '&+t be ndefntel" ')lt$ledG b)t an" one 8+o s reall" 8lln&
to ta3e t+e reE)ste tro)ble can satsf" +'self on t+s $ont b" e#$er'ent
8t+ a s)ffcentl" 2ared lst of tr)st8ort+" frends. To t+ose ndeed 8+o
are fa'lar 8t+ a)to'atc #ritten 'essa&es1 t+s E)eston as to t+e
)ne#$ectedness of t+e tited 'essa&es 8ll $resent tself n a ne8 l&+t. If
t+e 8rtten 'essa&es or&nate n a so)rce be"ond t+e a)to'atst5s
s)$ral'nal self1 so too 'a" t+e tlted 'essa&esGe2en t+o)&+ 8e ad't
t+at t+e tlts are ca)sed b" +s +and5s $ress)re of t+e table D)st as drectl" as
t+e scr$t b" +s +and5s 'an$)laton of t+e $en.
One $ece of e2dence 8+c+ I +a2e cted (n )30 A) n order to s+o8
t+at #ritten 'essa&es 8ere not al8a"s t+e 'ere ec+o of e#$ectaton1 8as a
case 8+ere anagrams 8ere a)to'atcall" 8rtten1 8+c+ t+er 8rter 8as not
at once able to dec$+er. 4ollo8n& t+s +nt1 I +a2e occasonall" s)cceeded
n &ettn& ana&ra's tlted o)t for '"self b" 'o2e'ents of a s'all table
8+c+ I alone to)c+ed. I s+o)ld add t+at alt+o)&+1 as I +a2e else8+ere
'entoned1 I +a2e ne2er s)cceeded n #riting a)to'atcall"1 I +a2e
ne2ert+eless1 after so'e +)ndreds of trals1 contn)ed o2er 'an" "ears1
attaned t+e $o8er of elctn& b" )nconsco)s $ress)re tlted res$onses
8+c+ do not e'anate fro' '" o8n consco)s self. T+at t+e" do1 +ii,OJ-
+o8e2er1 e'anate fro' some strat)' of '" ben&fro' t+at fra&'entar"
and nco+erent 8or3s+o$ 8+ere drea's are str)n& to&et+ersee's to 'e1
as alread" ndcated1 t+e 'ost $robable +"$ot+ess.
T+e ana&ra'sor rat+er D)'bles of letters for'n& a s+ort 8ord
8+c+ I +a2e '"self obtaned1 +a2e been of t+e s'$lest 3nd. B)t
occasonall" I +a2e not at once reco&nsed t+e 8ord t+)s &2en1 b)t +a2e
been a8are of a dstnct nter2al before t+e 8ord 8+c+ '" o8n
)nconsco)s ')sc)lar acton +ad t+)s conf)sedl" tlted o)t9 8as &ras$ed
b" '" consco)s ntell&ence. T+s s a 3nd of e#$er'ent 8+c+ '&+t
8t+ ad2anta&e be oftener re$eatedG for t+e e#tre'e nco+erence and
sllness of t+e res$onses t+)s obtaned does not $re2ent t+e $rocess tself
fro' ben& n a +&+ de&ree nstr)ct2e. -ere1 a&an (as n t+e a)to'atc
8rtn& of t+e Clela9 case1 )30 A)1 a 'an 'a" +old colloE)" 8t+ +s o8n
drea''a" note n act)al D)#ta$oston t8o se$arate strata of +s o8n
ntell&ence.
I s+all not at $resent $)rs)e t+e dsc)sson of t+ese tlted res$onses
be"ond t+s t+er 2er" lo8est and 'ost r)d'entar" sta&e. T+e" al'ost
''edatel" s)&&est anot+er $roble'1 for 8+c+ o)r dsc)sson s +ardl"
r$e1 t+e $artc$aton1 na'el"1 of se2eral 'nds n t+e $rod)cton of t+e
sa'e a)to'atc 'essa&e. T+ere s so'et+n& of t+s dffc)lt"1 e2en n t+e
e#$lanaton of 'essa&es &2en 8+en t+e +ands of t8o $ersons are to)c+n&
a $lanc+etteG b)t 8+en t+e nstr)'ent of res$onse s lar&e1 and t+e 'et+od
of res$onse s'$le1 as 8t+ tableCtltn&1 8e fnd t+s E)eston of t+e
nfl)ence of 'ore 'nds t+an one '$erat2el" rec)rrn&.
)11 . O)r ''edate obDect1 +o8e2er1 s rat+er to correlate t+e dfferent
attanable 'odes of a)to'atc res$onse n so'e ntell&ble sc+e'e t+an to
$)rs)e an" one of t+e' t+ro)&+ all ts $+ases. 6e re&arded t+e tableCtltn&
$rocess as n one sense t+e s'$lest1 t+e leastCdfferentated for' of 'otor
res$onse. It s a 3nd of gesture 'erel"1 t+o)&+ a &est)re '$l"n&
3no8led&e of t+e al$+abet. Let )s see n 8+at drectons t+e 'o2e'ent of
res$onse beco'es 'ore s$ecalsed1as &est)re $arts nto $ctoral art and
artc)late s$eec+. 6e fnd1 n fact1 t+at a D)st s'lar d2er&ence of '$)lses
ta3es $lace n a)to'atc res$onse. On t+e one +and t+e 'otor '$)lse
s$ecalses tself nto dra#ing/ on t+e ot+er +and t s$ecalses tself nto
speech. Of a)to'atc dra8n& I +a2e alread" sad so'et+n& ( C+a$ter III.
3(+ /. %)to'atc s$eec+ 8ll rece2e detaled treat'ent n C+a$ter I0. %t
$resent I s+all onl" brefl" ndcate t+e $oston of eac+ for' of 'o2e'ent
a'on& co&nate a)to'ats's.
(o'e of '" readers 'a" +a2e seen t+ese soCcalled s$rtCdra8n&s19
des&ns1 so'et'es n colo)r1 8+ose a)t+or asserts t+at +e dre8 t+e'
8t+o)t an" $lan1 or e2en 3no8led&e of 8+at +s +and 8as &on& to do. T+s
asserton 'a" be E)te tr)e1 and t+e $erson 'a3n& t 'a" be $erfectl"
sane.
*
T+e dra8n&s so 'ade 8ll be fo)nd c)ro)sl" accordant +ii,OK- 8t+
8+at t+e 2e8 8+c+ I a' e#$lann& 8o)ld lead )s to e#$ect. 4or t+e"
e#+bt a f)son of arabesE)e 8t+ deo&ra$+"G t+at s to sa"1 t+e" $artl"
rese'ble t+e for's of orna'entaton nto 8+c+ t+e artstc +and stra"s
8+en1 as t 8ere1 drea'n& on t+e $a$er 8t+o)t defnte $lanG and $artl"
t+e" afford a $arallel to t+e earl" atte'$ts at s"'bolc selfCe#$resson of
sa2a&es 8+o +a2e not "et learnt an al$+abet. L3e sa2a&e 8rtn&1 t+e" $ass
b" nsensble transtons fro' drect $ctoral s"'bols' to an abbre2ated
deo&ra$+"1 'n&led n ts t)rn 8t+ 8rtn& of a fantastc or of an ordnar"
3nd.
)1( . %nd +ere1 before 8e enter on t+e st)d" of a)to'atc 8rtn&1 I
s+all so'e8+at brea3 t+e t+read of dsc)sson n order to refer at len&t+ to
t8o &reat +storc cases of a)to'ats'1 8+c+ 'a"1 $er+a$s1 be 'ost ftl"
ntrod)ced +ere as a 3nd of $rolo&)e to 8+at s to follo8. One case1 t+at of
(ocrates1 s a case of 'ontor" inhibition/ t+e ot+er1 t+at of 7eanne d5%rc1 of
'ontor" impuse. Eac+ case1 'oreo2er1 s nstr)ct2e as re&ards t+e
s)bstance of t+e 'essa&es1 and also as re&ards t+e c+aracter and ca$act" of
t+e $erc$ent. I be&n 8t+ t+at &reat +storcal nstance1an nstance 8ell
obser2ed and 8ell attested1 alt+o)&+ re'ote n date1 8+c+ 8ll at once +a2e
occ)rred to e2er" reader.
T+e 4o)nder of (cence +'self1t+e $er'anent t"$e of sant"1
s+re8dness1 $+"scal rob)stness1 and 'oral balance18as &)ded n all t+e
affars of lfe b" a 'ontor" Voce1b" t+e ,F'on of (ocrates.9 T+s s a
case 8+c+ can ne2er lose ts nterest1 a case 8+c+ +as been 2o)c+ed for b"
t+e 'ost $ractcal1 and dsc)ssed b" t+e loftest ntellect of Greece1bot+ of
t+e' nt'ate frends of t+e ll)stro)s s)bDectGa case1 t+erefore1 8+c+
one 8+o endea2o)rs to t+ro8 ne8 l&+t on +all)cnaton and a)to'ats' s
bo)nd1 e2en at t+s dstance of t'e1 to endea2o)r to e#$lan. %nd t+s s t+e
'ore needf)l1 snce a treatse 8as act)all" 8rtten1 a &eneraton a&o1 as a
s$ec'en of t+e a$$lcaton of t+e scence of $s"c+olo&" to t+e scence of
+stor"19 ar&)n& fro' t+e records of t+e n 0eno$+on and
Plato t+at (ocrates 8as n fact nsane.
*
I bele2e t+at t s no8 $ossble to &2e a tr)er e#$lanatonG to $lace t+ese
old records n D)#ta$oston 8t+ 'ore nstr)ct2e $arallelsG and to s+o8 t+at
t+e 'essa&es 8+c+ (ocrates rece2ed 8ere onl" ad2anced e#a'$les of a
$rocess 8+c+1 f s)$ernor'al1 s not abnor'al1 and 8+c+ c+aracterses t+at
for' of ntell&ence 8+c+ 8e descrbe as genius. 4or &en)s (as 8e +a2e
seen)1 s best defnednot as an )nl'ted ca$act" +ii,OL- of ta3n&
$ans9b)t rat+er as a 'ental constt)ton 8+c+ allo8s a 'an to dra8
readl" nto s)$ral'nal lfe t+e $rod)cts of s)bl'nal t+o)&+t.
)13 . I +a2e alread" )r&ed t+at beneat+ t+e s)$erfcall" consco)s
strat)' of o)r ben& t+ere s not onl" a strat)' of drea' and conf)son1 b)t
a stll s)bDacent strat)' of co+erent 'entaton as 8ell. T+s t+ess1 I t+n31 s
stron&l" s)$$orted b" t+e records 8+c+ +a2e co'e do8n to )s as to t+e
,F'on of (ocrates. 6e s+all see +ii,OM- t+at t+e 'ontons 8+c+ (ocrates
t+)s rece2ed 8ere for t+e 'ost $art s)c+ as +s o8n 8ser self '&+t 8ell
+a2e &2en1 and t+at 8+ere t+e l'ts of 3no8led&e attanable b" +s o8n
n'ost reflecton 'a" $ossbl" +a2e been transcended1 t+e" see' to +a2e
been transcended n s)c+ drecton as a clar2o"ant de2elo$'ent of +s o8n
fac)ltes '&+t allo81 rat+er t+an n s)c+ a 8a" as to s)&&est t+e
nter2enton of an" e#ternal $o8er. Let )s tr" to anal"se t+e nat)re of t+e
d2ne nter2entons9 act)all" recorded b" (ocrates5 conte'$orares. T+e
2oce1 t s+o)ld be re'ar3ed1 8as al8a"s a 2oce of restrantG ts slence
'$led a$$ro2al. In t+e frst $lace 0eno$+on5s test'on" co'$letel"
establs+es t+e $act. -e desres1 n defendn& +s frend and 'aster fro' t+e
c+ar&e of '$et"1 to 'a3e as lttle as 'a" be of t+e 'atterG b)t 8+at +e
sa"s s E)te eno)&+ to $ro2ef s)c+ $roof 8ere neededt+at t+e
('ontor" 2oce) s no 'eta$+or1 b)t s to be ta3en lterall" as a
notoro)s and re$eated ncdent n (ocrates5 lfe.
4rst t+en19 +e sa"s1
*
as to +s not 8ors+$$n& t+e &ods 8+o' t+e ct"
8ors+$s1 8+at e2dence 8as t+ere of t+sW -e sacrfced constantl"1 and
ob2o)sl" )sed t+e art of d2natonG for t 8as 'atter of notoret" t+at
(ocrates sad t+at t+e d2ne Pro2dence&a2e +'
ndcatonsG and t+s ndeed 8as t+e $rnc$al reason for acc)sn& +' of
ntrod)cn& ne8 &ods.9
T+e nstances 8+ere s)c+ ndcaton 8as &2en 'a" be d2ded nto
t+ree +eads.
4rst co'e t+e cases 8+ere t+e 8arnn& 2oceor ts eE)all" s&nfcant
absence&2es $roof of a sagacity at least eE)al to t+at of t+e 8a3n&
(ocrates1 and decdes +' to acton1 or to abstenton fro' acton1 8+c+ +e
$rofesses al8a"s to +a2e reco&nsed as r&+t and 8se.
!e#t co'e t+e cases 8+ere t+e 'onton '$les so'e sort of
3no8led&e not de$endent on an" e#ternal so)rce1 "et not attanable b"
ordnar" 'eansGas a 3no8led&e of $otental rapport (to )se t+e ter' of
t+e elder 'es'ersts)1 or s$ecal relaton bet8een t8o or&ans's.
%nd1 lastl"1 co'e one or t8o do)btf)l cases 8+ere1 f t+e" be correctl"
re$orted1 t+ere 8as so'et+n& l3e clar2o"ance1 or e#tenson of t+e
ordnar" $)r2e8 of sense.
T+e frst of t+ese classes contans t+e &reat 'aDort" of t+e recorded
cases1 8+et+er s'all or &reat 'atters are concerned. %nd t s notceable t+at
t+e 'onton freE)entl" occ)rred n reference to 'ere trfles1 and +ad been a
+abt)al $+eno'enon for (ocrates fro' c+ld+ood )$8ards1 bot+ of 8+c+
$onts are e'nentl" n analo&" 8t+ 8+at 8e 3no8 of ot+er a)to'ats's.
Let )s ta3e frst so'e tr2al cases.
*. In t+e 8uthydemus of Plato1 (ocrates s abo)t to E)t t+e $alFstraG t+e
s&n detans +'G "o)n& 'en enter1 and $roftable con2ersaton ens)es.
.. In t+e &hdrus, (ocrates1 8+en lea2n& +s restn&C$lace1 s detaned
b" t+e s&n1 8+c+ t+)s leads +' to a dsco)rse 8+c+ +e +ad not ntended
to )tter t q I a'1 t see's1 a $ro$+et19 +e t+en
re'ar3s1 b)t onl" D)st eno)&+ for '" $r2ate )se and beneft.9
;. In t+e 9irst Acibiades t+e s&n restrans +' fro' s$ea3n& to
%lcbades )ntl t+e latter s old eno)&+ to )nderstand +' ar&+t.
T+ere are also 2aro)s cases 8+ere (ocrates dss)ades +s frends fro'
e#$edtons 8+c+ )lt'atel" t)rn to t+er +ar'. !one of t+ese are n o)r
sense e2dentalG and n so'e of t+e' (as n t+e case of t+e %t+enan
e#$edton a&anst ("rac)se) ordnar" sa&act" '&+t +a2e &2en t+e sa'e
8arnn&. T+e case of T'arc+)s (Plato1 Theages) s t+e 'ost dra'atc of
t+ese 8arnn&s.
T'arc+)s 8as sttn& at s)$$er 8t+ (ocrates1 and rose to &o o)t to a
$lot of assassnaton1 to 8+c+ $lot onl" one ot+er 'an 8as $r2". H6+at
sa" "o)1 (ocratesWI sad T'arc+)s1 Hdo "o) contn)e drn3n&W I ')st &o
o)t so'e8+t+erG b)t 8ll ret)rn n a lttle1 f so I 'a".I %nd t+e 2oce ca'e
to 'eG and I sad to +'1 HB" no 'eans rse fro' tableG for t+e acc)sto'ed
d2ne s&n +as co'e to 'e.I %nd +e sta"ed. %nd after a t'e a&an +e &ot
)$ to &o1 and sad1 HI ')st be &one1 (ocrates.I %nd t+e s&n ca'e to 'e
a&anG and a&an I 'ade +' sta". %nd t+e t+rd t'e1 deter'nn& t+at I
s+o)ld not see1 +e rose and sad na)&+t to 'e1 8+en '" 'nd 8as t)rned
else8+ereG and t+)s +e 8ent fort+1 and 8as &one1 and dd t+at 8+c+ 8as to
be +s doo'.9
6e cannot no8 tell 8+at t+e e2dental 2al)e of t+s case 'a" +a2e
been. T+ere 'a" +a2e been t+at n t+e co)ntenance of one of t+e' 8+o sat
at 'eat1 8+c+ 'a" +a2e s+o8n to (ocrates t+at t+e +and of an assassn 8as
8t+ +' on t+e table.
B)t1 a'on& t+ese 'ontons of (ocrates1 a certan sience of t+e 8arnn&
2oce on one last occason 8as +eld b" (ocrates +'self1 and +as snce been
re$)ted1 as t+e 'ost note8ort+" of all. T+s 8as 8+en (ocrates1 acc)sed on
a ca$tal c+ar&e of '$et"1 fro' 8+c+ +e '&+t +a2e freed +'self b" far
less of retractaton t+an +as been consented to b" 'an" a 'art"r1 ref)sed
alto&et+er to retract1 to e#c)se +'self1 to e#$lan a8a"G cla'n& rat+er1 n
one of t+e frst and noblest of all assertons of t+e la8 of conscence as
s)$re'e1 t+at +e deser2ed to be s)$$orted at t+e $)blc cost n t+e
Pr"tane)'1 as a 'an de2oted to t+e 'sson of a 'oral teac+er of 'en. T+e
d2ne s&n1 as +as been sad1 ca'e onl" to 8arn or to restranG 8+en t 8as
absent1 all 8as 8ell. %nd t+ro)&+o)t t+e 8+ole seres +ii,ON- of e2ents
8+c+ led to (ocrates5 deat+1 t+e 2oce nter2ened once onl"1to c+ec3 +'
fro' $re$arn& an" s$eec+ n +s o8n defence. T+ereafter1 b" an e'$+atc
slence1 t a$$ro2ed t+e 2aro)s ste$s b" 8+c+ t+e $+loso$+er bro)&+t on
+s o8n +ead t+at e#tre'e $enalt" 8+c+1 sa2e for +s o8n nfle#ble
)tterances1 t+e ,3aster" 8o)ld not +a2e 2ent)red to nflct.
T+ere +as +a$$ened to 'e1 O '" D)d&es19 +e sad n +s last s$eec+
after sentence $assed1 a 8onderf)l t+n&. 4or t+at acc)sto'ed d2ne
nt'aton n t'e $ast ca'e to 'e 2er" 'an" t'es1 and 'et 'e on sl&+t
occason1 f I 8ere abo)t to act n so'e 8a" not ar&+tG b)t no8 t+s fate
8+c+ "e be+old +as co'e )$on 'e1t+s 8+c+ a 'an '&+t dee'1 and
8+c+ s consdered1 t+e 2er" 8orst of lls. Yet net+er 8+en I left '" +o'e
t+s 'ornn& 8as I c+ec3ed b" t+at acc)sto'ed s&nG nor 8+en I ca'e )$
+t+er to t+e D)d&'entC+all1 nor at an" $ont n '" s$eec+ as I s$o3e. %nd
"et n ot+er s$eec+es of 'ne t+e s&n +as often sto$$ed 'e n t+e 'dst.
B)t no8 t +as not +ndered 'e n an" deed or 8ord of 'ne connected 8t+
t+s $resent b)sness. 6+at t+en do I s)$$ose to be t+e reason t+ereofW I 8ll
tell "o). I t+n3 t s t+at 8+at +as +a$$ened to 'e +as been a &ood t+n&G
and 8e ')st +a2e been 'sta3en 8+en 8e s)$$osed t+at deat+ 8as an e2l.
-eren s a stron& $roof to 'e of t+sG for t+at acc)sto'ed s&n 8o)ld
ass)redl" +a2e c+ec3ed 'e1 +ad I been abo)t to do a)&+t t+at 8as e2l.9
I d8ell )$on t+s ncdentG for n t+e +stor" of n8ard 'essa&es no s)c+
scene s l3el" to rec)r. 6e s+all ne2er a&an see s)c+ a 'an at s)c+ a
'o'ent dra8n& stren&t+ fro' t+e slence of t+e 'ontor" )tterance 8+c+
ca'e to +' as fro' 8t+o)t +'self1 t+o)&+ t 8ere fro' t+e de$t+s of +s
o8n so)l.
)1+ . T+e ne#t class of t+e (ocratc 'ontons can onl" be brefl" dealt
8t+ +ere. T+e" to)c+ on t+at sn&)lar $+eno'enon of soCcalled rapport
8+c+ s to )s at $resent and +as lon& been n t+e e"es of (cence an
)ne#$laned and a 2er" ds$)table t+n&G b)t on 8+c+ recent +"$notc
e#$er'ents are slo8l" brn&n& )s to loo3 as n so'e sense a realt". In
'odern ter's 8e s+o)ld sa" t+at t+e dsc$les of (ocrates 8ere nfl)enced
not so ')c+ b" +s nstr)cton as b" +s suggestion/ and t+at so'e n8ard
and $er+a$s tele$at+c nstncte#$ressed b" t+e 'ontor" 2oce 8+ose
)tterances 8e are anal"sn&nfor'ed +' 8t+o)t consco)s consderaton
8+et+er +s ntendn& dsc$les 8ere rece$t2e to +s s)&&eston or no. It s
n t+e Platonc dalo&)e Theages t+at t+s as$ect of t+e d2ne 'onton s
'ost nssted on.
I ne2er learnt fro' "o)19 sa"s a certan %rstedes to (ocrates1
an"t+n& at all. Yo) "o)rself 8ell 3no8 t+s. B)t I al8a"s 'ade $ro&ress
8+ene2er I 8as alon& 8t+ "o)1 e2en f I 8ere n t+e sa'e +o)se b)t not n
t+e sa'e roo'G "et 'ost 8+en I 8as n t+e sa'e roo'G and e2en n t+e
sa'e roo' I &ot on better f I loo3ed at "o) 8+en "o) 8ere s$ea3n& t+an f
I loo3ed an"8+ere else. B)t I &ot on far t+e best of all 8+en I +ii,OO- 8as
sttn& near "o) and +oldn& or to)c+n& "o). B)t no81 sad +e1 all '" t+en
c+aracter +as drbbled o)t of 'e.9 N , q `, iq q
ppq.
I 8o)ld not nsst too stron&l" on an nter$retaton 8+c+ 'a" see'
'erel" fancf)l. B)t ne2ert+eless 8e s+o)ld be $)NNled to fnd Gree3 8ords
'ore e#$ress2e of t+e &rad)al dss$aton and dsa$$earance of a $ostC
+"$notc s)&&eston1t+e 'eltn& a8a" of so'e '$arted ener&" n 8ellC
don& as t+e s)bDect s re'o2ed fro' t+e o$erator5s nfl)ence. %nd t+at t+e
$ossblt" of so'e rapport of t+s 3nd s+o)ld be ndcated1 not b"
consco)s t+o)&+t b)t b" a 'essa&e e'anatn& fro' so'e s)bCconsco)s
$+ase of a 'an5s ben&Gt+s1 too1 s a $+eno'enon to 8+c+ 'odern
e#$erence f)rns+es not )nfreE)ent analo&es.
T+e t+rd class of (ocratc 'ontons 8+c+ I +a2e 'entoned rests on
2er" slender e2dence. 6e cannot be s)re t+at t+e 'ontor" s&n e2er
8arned +' of an"t+n& 8+c+ no $ossble sa&act" of t+e ordnar" 3nd
co)ld +a2e led +' to dsco2er. %s s nat)ral n t+e be&nnn& of s)c+
nE)res1 t+e cases cted to ll)strate t+s s)$$osed s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e
are 'anl" nterestn& and '$ortant ncdentsG and t s $recsel" n relaton
to s)c+ ncdents t+at so'e )nconsco)s guess s l3el" to +a2e been 'ade.
6+at 8e s+o)ld l3e 8o)ld be D)st 8+at Plato +ad o'ttedGs$ec'ens1
na'el"1 of t+e trivia cases 8+ere t+e d2ne 8arnn& sa2ed t+e $+loso$+er
fro' so'e 'o'entar" 's+a$. Of t+s sort I can fnd one onl"G and t+at s
'erel" a tradton1 &2en n Pl)tarc+5s essa" *e :enio Socratis. (ocrates1
accordn& to t+s stor" (8+c+ Pl)tarc+ $)ts nto t+e 'o)t+ of a s)$$osed
e"eC8tness)1 s 8al3n& and tal3n& 8t+ E)t+"$+ron1 b)t sto$s s)ddenl"1
and calls +s frends to t)rn bac3 b" anot+er street. /ost of t+e' follo8
+'1 b)t ot+ers 3ee$ on t+er 8a"1 and $resentl" 'eet a &reat +erd of s8ne
8+o 3noc3 do8n so'e of t+e' and befo)l t+e rest C+arll)s9 (8+o +ad
t+)s bra2ed (ocrates5 8arnn&) ret)rned +o'e 8t+ le&s and clot+es all f)ll
of 're1so t+at 8e all re'e'bered (ocrates5 fa'lar s$rt1 8t+ roars of
la)&+ter1 'ar2elln& +o8 t+e ,2nt" +ad care of +' contn)all".9
One 'ore re'ar3. %'on& t+e 'ost sn&)lar ncdents n (ocrates5 lfe
8ere t+ose $a)ses of ''oblt"1 freE)entl" lastn& for +o)rs1 and once1 as
re$orted1 for a consec)t2e da" and n&+t1 8+en +e 8as naccessble to an"
o)t8ard st')l)s1 and re'aned f#ed as n a dee$ conte'$laton /edcal
readers +a2e seen t+at t+ere ')st +a2e been 'ore t+an 'ere conte'$laton
+ereG and LUl)t +as treated t+ese accesses as a 3nd of stupor attonitusof
be8ldered $aral"ss of all ntellect)al o$eraton1 s)c+ as s seen n 'nds
o2erbalanced b" so'e terrble s+oc3. I cannot acce$t t+e $arallel1 nor
bele2e t+at s"'$to's so &ra2e can s)$er2ene n rob)st +ealt+ and
dsa$$ear 8t+o)t lea2n& a trace be+nd. !or1 a&an1 s t+ere an"t+n&
8+c+ s)&&ests e$le$s". I bele2e t+e accesses to +a2e been accesses of
ecstasy, reac+ed1 as n so'e rare cases1 8t+o)t an" $re2o)s +"stercal
dst)rbanceG and ndcatn& (as I +old) a s)bl'nal self1 so $o8erf)l and +ii,
GPP- so near t+e s)rface t+at so'e sl&+t accdent s)ffced to deter'ne ts
te'$orar" $redo'nance o2er t+e 8+ole 'an.
B)t I ')st no8 lea2e t+e stor" of (ocrates1 rc+ n )n8or3ed
$s"c+olo&cal s)&&eston1 b)t cted +ere onl" as an e#a'$le of #ise
automatism/ of t+e $ossblt" t+at t+e 'essa&es 8+c+ are con2e"ed to t+e
s)$ral'nal 'nd fro' s)bl'nal strata of t+e $ersonalt"18+et+er as
so)nds1 as s&+ts1 or as 'o2e'ents1'a" so'et'es co'e fro' far
beneat+ t+e real' of drea' and conf)son1fro' so'e self 8+ose
'ontons con2e" to )s a 8sdo' $rofo)nder t+an 8e 3no8.
)1, . T+e case1 ass)redl"1 s a 'ar3ed oneG b)t t 'a" be t+o)&+t to be
too e#ce$tonal for t+e $)r$ose of '" ar&)'ent. (ocrates1 t 'a" be sad1
8as too stran&el" abo2e ordnar" 'en to allo8 )s to dra8 8der nferences
fro' t+s )nE)e e#a'$le. It '&+t be 8ell f 8e co)ld add a case not
co'$lcated b" s)c+ to8ern& &en)sGa case 8+ere so'e one 8t+ no
$re2o)sl" 'anfested &fts of nat)re1 8t+ no nco'$re+ensble 8or3n&s of
t+e so)l1 +ad1 ne2ert+eless1 b" 'ontor" 2oces been ta)&+t 8sdo' and
rased to +ono)r1and 8+o1 f so t '&+t be1 +ad testfed to t+e realt" of
t+e n8ard 'essa&e b" so'e 8tness 8+c+ t+e 8orld co)ld not &ansa".
%nd s)c+ a case t+ere sG t+ere s a f&)re n +stor" )nE)e and 'ar2ello)s1
b)t 'ar2ello)s n t+s $ont alone. One t+ere +as been 8+o 8as born 8t+
no o$$ort)ntes of ed)caton1 and n no +&+ or $o8erf)l $lace1 b)t to
8+o' 2oces ca'e fro' c+ld+ood on8ards1 and bro)&+t at len&t+ a stran&e
co''andGone 8+o b" 'ere obedence to t+at 'ontor" call rose to be t+e
sa2o)r of a &reat natonGone to 8+ose lot t fell to $)s+ t+at obedence to
ts l't1 and to $led&e lfe for tr)t+G to $ers+ at t+e sta3e rat+er t+an dso8n
t+ose 2oces or dsobe" t+at n8ard la8.
I s$ea31 of co)rse1 of 7oan of %rc1 t+e /ad of Orleans1 t+e natonal
+erone of 4ranceG 8+ose na'e cro8ns t+e $oet5s lst of t+ose fa'o)s
8o'en of old t'e 8+o +a2e 2ans+ed l3e t+e sno8s of "esterC"ear.9
La ro"ne blanc+e co''e )n& l"s
X) c+antot a 2o# de serene1
Bert+e a) &rant $ed1 BUtrs1 %ll"s1
-are'bo)res E) tnt le /a"ne1
Et 7e+anne la bonne Lorrane
X)5 %n&los br)slOrent a Ro)en1
Oo sontClN1 Ver&e so)2eraneW
/as oo sont les ne&es d5antanW9
LTransation M
I ')st be e#c)sed for d8elln& on t+s s&nal e#a'$leG for I bele2e t+at
onl" no81 8t+ t+e co'$re+enson 8+c+ 8e are &rad)all" &ann& of t+e
$ossblt" of an '$)lse fro' t+e 'nd5s dee$er strata 8+c+ s so far fro'
'adness t+at t s 8ser t+an o)r sant" tself1onl" no81 I re$eat1 can 8e
)nderstand ar&+t t+at fa'lar stor". I s+all not re$eat ts ncdents n detalG
b)t s+all dra8 '" ctatons fro' t+e 'ost tr)st8ort+" so)rce1 na'el"1
7oan5s e2dence1 &2en n *<;*1 before Ca)c+on1 +ii,GPG- Bs+o$ of
Bea)2as1 and t+e ot+er ecclesastcs 8+o )lt'atel" conde'ned +er to be
b)rnt al2e.
*
T+e conde'naton 8as based on +er o8n ad'ssonsG and t+e
Latn proc=s,verba stll e#sts1 and 8as $)bls+ed fro' t+e /(. b" /.
X)c+erat1 *A<*K@1 for t+e 4renc+ -storcal (ocet". 7oan1 l3e (ocrates1
8as conde'ned 'anl" on t+e &ro)nd1 or at least on t+e $rete#t1 of +er
'ontor" 2ocesJ and +er %$olo&" re'ar3abl" rese'bles +s1 n ts resol)te
nsstence on t+e tr)t+ of t+e 2er" $+eno'ena 8+c+ 8ere ben& )sed to
destro" +er. -er ans8ers are clear and selfCconsstent1 and see' to +a2e
been lttle1 f at all1 dstorted b" t+e recorder. 4e8 $eces of +stor" so
re'ote as t+s can be so acc)ratel" 3no8n.
On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e &roc=s de 7;habiitation, +eld so'e t8ent" "ears
after 7oan5s deat+1 8+en 'e'ores +ad 8ea3ened and le&end +ad be&)n to
&ro81 s of lttle 2al)e as e2dence. 7oan5s credt ')st rest entrel" on t+at
test'on" on t+e stren&t+ of 8+c+ s+e 8as conde'ned to deat+.
4ort)natel" for o)r $)r$ose1 +er nE)stors as3ed +er 'an" E)estons as
to +er 2oces and 2sonsG and +er ans8ers enable )s to &2e a $rett" f)ll
anal"ss of t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ concern )s.
I. T+e 2oces do not be&n 8t+ t+e s)''ons to f&+t for 4rance. 7oan
+eard t+e' frst at t+rteen "ears of a&e1as 8t+ (ocrates also t+e 2oce
be&an n c+ld+ood. T+e frst co''and conssted of not+n& 'ore
s)r$rsn& t+an t+at s+e 8as to be a &ood &rl1 and &o often to c+)rc+.9
%fter t+s t+e 2oceas n t+e case of (ocratesnter2ened freE)entl"1 and
on tr2al occasons.
II. T+e 2oce 8as acco'$aned at frst b" a l&+t1 and so'et'es
after8ards b" f&)res of sants1 8+o a$$eared to s$ea31 and 8+o' 7oan
a$$ears to +a2e bot+ seen and felt as clearl" as t+o)&+ t+e" +ad been l2n&
$ersons. B)t +ere t+ere s so'e obsc)rt"G and /c+elet t+n3s t+at on one
occason t+e /ad 8as trc3ed b" t+e co)rters for $oltcal ends. 4or s+e
asserted (a$$arentl" 8t+o)t contradcton) t+at se2eral $ersons1 ncl)dn&
t+e %rc+bs+o$ of R+e's1 as 8ell as +erself1 +ad seen an an&el brn&n& to
t+e Rn& a 'ateral cro8n.
*
III. T+e 2oces ca'e 'anl" 8+en s+e 8as a8a3e1 b)t also so'et'es
ro)sed +er fro' slee$G a $+eno'enon often obser2ed n o)r cases of
2erdcal +all)cnaton.9 I$sa dor'ebat1 et 2o# e#ctabat ea'.9
(X)c+erat1 .1 $. B..)
IV. T+e 2oce 8as not al8a"s f)ll" ntell&ble (es$ecall" f s+e 8as
+alf a8a3e)Gn t+s res$ect a&an rese'bln& so'e of o)r recorded cases1
bot+ 2s)al and a)dtor"1 8+ere1 on t+e 2e8 ta3en n &hantasms o$ the
.iving, t+e e#ternalsaton +as been nco'$lete. Vo# d#t alE)a1 sed non
o'na ntelle#t.9 (X)c+erat1 .1 $. B..)
V. T+e $redctons of t+e 2oce1 so far as stated1 8ere 'anl" f)lflledG
+ii,GPH- 2N.1 t+at t+e se&e of Orleans 8o)ld be rasedG t+at C+arles VII.
8o)ld be cro8ned at R+e'sG t+at s+e +erself 8o)ld be 8o)ndedG b)t t+e
$redcton t+at t+ere 8o)ld be a &reat 2ctor" o2er t+e En&ls+ 8t+n se2en
"ears 8as not f)lflled n an" e#act 8a"1 alt+o)&+ t+e En&ls+ contn)ed to
lose &ro)nd. In s+ort1 abo)t so ')c+ 8as f)lflled as an ardent selfCde2oted
'nd '&+t +a2e antc$atedG ')c+ ndeed t+at '&+t +a2e see'ed
rratonal to ordnar" obser2ers1 b)t not+n& 8+c+ act)all" needed a
defnte $ro$+etc $o8er. -ere1 a&an1 8e are re'nded of t+e &eneral
c+aracter of t+e 'ontons of (ocrates. %nd "et n 7oan5s case1 'ore
$robabl" t+an n t+e case of (ocrates1 t+ere 'a" +a2e been one sn&)lar
e#ce$ton to t+s &eneral r)le. (+e 3ne8 b" 'onton t+at t+ere 8as a s8ord
retro altare9so'e8+ere be+nd t+e altarn t+e C+)rc+ of (t. Cat+erne
of 4erbos. (c2t $s)' b esse $er 2oces9Js+e sent for t1 not+n&
do)btn&1 and t 8as fo)nd and &2en to +er. T+s 8as an )nE)e ncdent n
+er career. -er D)d&es as3ed 8+et+er s+e +ad not once fo)nd a c)$1 and a
'ssn& $rest1 b" +el$ of s'lar 'ontons1 b)t t+s s+e denedG and t s
re'ar3able t+at no sero)s atte'$t 8as 'ade et+er to s+o8 t+at s+e +ad
cla'ed t+s clar2o"ant $o8er +abt)all"1 or1 on t+e ot+er +and1 to
n2aldate t+e one nstance of t 8+c+ s+e dd n effect cla'. It 8o)ld be
abs)rd to cte t+e alle&ed dsco2er" of t+e s8ord as n tself affordn& a
$roof of clar2o"ance1 an" 'ore t+an (ocrates5 alle&ed nt'aton of t+e
a$$roac+n& +erd of s8ne. B)t 8+en 8e are consdern& 'ontons &2en n
'ore recent t'es t 8ll be 8ell to re'e'ber t+at t s n t+s drecton t+at
so'e s)$ernor'al e#tenson of 3no8led&e see's $ossbl" traceable.
%nd1 lastl"1 t ')st be obser2ed t+at a'on& all t+e 'essa&es t+)s &2en
to 7oan of %rc1 t+ere does not see' to +a2e been one 8+c+ fell s+ort of t+e
$)rest +eros'. T+e" 8ere s)c+ co''ands as 8ere best s)ted to dra8 fort+
fro' +er 8+o +eard t+e' t+e e#tre'e of force1 ntell&ence1 2rt)e1 of 8+c+
s+e +ad t+e $otenc" at +er brt+. 6+at better can 8e desre as t+e &)de of
lfeW
6e need not ass)'e t+at t+e 2oces 8+c+ s+e +eard 8ere t+e offs$rn&
of an" 'nd b)t +er o8n1 an" 'ore t+an 8e need ass)'e t+at t+e f&)res n
8+c+ +er bra2e and $o)s '$)lses so'et'es too3 e#ternal for' 8ere
2ertable sants1t+e cro8ned (t. /ar&aret and t+e cro8ned (t. Cat+erne
and /c+ael n t+e ar'o)r" of -ea2en.
Yet1 on t+e ot+er +and1 8e +a2e no r&+t to class 7oan5s 'ontons1 an"
'ore t+an t+ose of (ocrates1 as an nc$ent 'adness. To be sane1 after all1 s
to be adD)sted to o)r en2ron'ent1 to be ca$able of co$n& 8t+ t+e facts
aro)nd )s. Tred b" t+s test1 t s (ocrates and 7oan 8+o s+o)ld be o)r t"$es
of sant"G t+er dfference fro' o)rsel2es l"n& rat+er n t+e fact t+at t+e"
8ere better able to e'$lo" t+er o8n 8+ole ben&1 and rece2ed a clearer
ns$raton fro' t+e 'ontor" so)l 8t+n.
I +a2e d8elt at so'e len&t+ on t+ese t8o cases1 far 'ore re'ote n date
t+an t+ose to 8+c+ t s o)r c)sto' to a$$eal. B)t t+s +as been +ii,GPI-
beca)se I +eld t essental to 'a3e '" reader )nderstand t+at t+e &rotesE)e
and tr2al 'essa&es or 'ontons1 8t+ 8+c+ n t+s nE)r" 8e +abt)all"
deal1 are not to be ta3en as co2ern& t+e 8+ole feld of a)to'atc acton.
Before 8e $roceed to consder t+e E)eston as to t+e acton of 'nds
e#ternal to t+e a)to'atst5s o8n1 8e o)&+t at an" rate to reco&nse t+at
8ords &2en n t+ese stran&e 8a"s 'a" n t+e'sel2es be 8ort+ +earn&1
t+at not t+e 'ec+ans' onl" b)t t+e content of a)to'atc 'essa&es 'a"
so'et'es deser2e o)r close and sero)s attenton.
)1' . T+e cases of (ocrates and of 7oan of %rc1 on 8+c+ I +a2e D)st
d8elt1 '&+t (as I +a2e sad) 8t+ al'ost eE)al ftness +a2e been ntrod)ced
at certan ot+er $onts of '" dsc)sson. %t frst s&+t1 at an" rate1 t+e"
a$$ear rat+er l3e sensor" t+an l3e 'otor a)to'ats's1l3e +all)cnatons
of +earn& rat+er t+an l3e t+e 'otor '$)lses 8+c+ 8e are no8 abo)t to
st)d". Eac+ case1 +o8e2er1 a$$roac+es 'otor a)to'ats' n a s$ecal 8a".
In t+e case of (ocrates t+e s&n9 see's to +a2e been not so ')c+ a
defnte 2oce as a sense of inhibition. In t+e case of 7oan of %rc t+e 2oces
8ere defnte eno)&+1 b)t t+e" 8ere acco'$anedas s)c+ 2oces
so'et'es are1 b)t so'et'es are not8t+ an o2er'astern& '$)lse to
act n obedence to t+e'. T+ese are1 I 'a" sa"1 $al'ar" cases of n+bton
and of '$)lseJ and n+bton and '$)lse are at t+e 2er" root of 'otor
$+eno'ena.
If to t+s E)alt" 8e add t+er +storcal $rort" and t+er ntrnsc
d&nt"1 ennobln& n ad2ance t+e seres of $ett" ncdents of s'lar t"$e
8t+ 8+c+ 8e ')st soon deal1 I t+n3 t+at s)ffcent reason 'a" +a2e been
&2en for t+e $oston ass&ned to t+e'. 4)rt+er'ore1 and $artl" b" reason
of t+at 2er" d&nt"1 t+e" s+o8 at once t+e f)rt+est e#tent of t+e cla' t+at
can be 'ade for t+e a&enc" of t+e s)bl'nal self1 a$art fro' an" e#ternal
nfl)ence1a$art fro' tele$at+" fro' t+e l2n&1 or $ossesson b" t+e
de$arted.
Eac+ of t+ose ot+er +"$ot+eses 8ll cla' ts o8n &ro)$ of casesG b)t 8e
')st not n2o3e t+e' )ntl t+e reso)rces of s)bl'nal 8sdo' are
'anfestl" o2erta#ed.
)1* . T+ese t8o fa'o)s cases1 t+en1 +a2e la)nc+ed )s on o)r s)bDect n
t+e stress of a t8ofold dffc)lt" n lo&cal arran&e'ent. 6e cannot al8a"s
ans8er t+ese $r'ar" E)estons1 Is t+e s)bl'nal '$)lse sensor" or 'otorW
s t or&nated n t+e a)to'atst5s o8n 'nd1 or n so'e 'nd e#ternal to
+'W
In t+e frst $lace1 8e ')st reflect t+at1 f t+e s)bl'nal self reall"
$ossesses t+at $rofo)nd $o8er o2er t+e or&ans' 8t+ 8+c+ I +a2e credted
t1 8e 'a" e#$ect t+at ts 'essa&es9 8ll so'et'es e#$ress t+e'sel2es n
t+e for' of dee$ or&anc 'odfcatonsof c+an&es n t+e 2asoC'otor1 t+e
crc)lator"1 t+e res$rator" s"ste's. ()c+ $+eno'ena are l3el" to be less
noted or re'e'bered as coincidenta, fro' t+er 2er" ndefnteness1 as
co'$ared1 for nstance1 8t+ a $+antas'al a$$earanceG b)t 8e +a2e +ii,GPJ-
records of 2aro)s tele$at+c cases of dee$ cQnest+etc dst)rbance1 of a
$rofo)nd maaise 8+c+ ')st1 one 8o)ld t+n31 +a2e n2ol2ed so'e
)n)s)al condton of t+e 2scera. In G)rne"5s collecton of e'otonal and
'otor effects9 (&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . c+a$1 2.)1 8e fnd s)c+
$+rases as a clo)d of cala't" 8+c+ 8as al'ost a $+"scal feeln&19 dee$
de$resson19 a dreadf)l feeln& of llness and fantness1 and I felt t+at I 8as
d"n&19 dreadf)l tre'bln& 8t+ $rostraton19 tre'bln&1 8t+ no a$$arent
ca)se 8+ate2er19 con2cton t+at I s+o)ld de t+at n&+t19 and so fort+. %nd
8e +a2e1 'oreo2er1 t+e defnte 2asoC'otor $+eno'enon of s)dden
#eeping, 8+c+ n one case (op. cit., $. .=?) s descrbed as +"stercs9 b" a
lad" 8+o ne2er e#$erenced a s'lar feeln&.9 T+s attac3 corres$onded
e#actl" 8t+ t+e s)dden deat+ of a fat+er at a dstance. 6e ')st +ardl" $ress
+er $+rase as '$l"n& 'ore t+an a s)dden1 )ncontrollable )n'ot2ed ft of
8ee$n&1 t+o)&+ t 8o)ld1 of co)rse1 be s$ecall" nterestn& f 8e co)ld
fnd defnte +"stercal s"'$to's or&nated b" a tele$at+c s+oc3. %not+er
nfor'ant ($. .==) s$ea3s of an e#traordnar" state of de$resson and
restlessnessGYa 2olent ft of 8ee$n&1 a t+n& absol)tel" alen to '"
c+aracter19 as concdn& 8t+ t+e s)dden llness and delr)' of a dstant
+)sband.
In ot+er cases1 too1 8+ere t+e tele$at+c '$resson +as )lt'atel"
ass)'ed a defnte sensor" for'1 as n t+e narrat2es ncl)ded n C+a$ters
VI. and VII.1 so'e or&anc or e'otonal $+eno'ena +a2e been noted1 ben&
$er+a$s t+e $irst effects of t+e tele$at+c '$act1 8+et+er fro' t+e l2n& or
fro' t+e dead. In t+e case of ,r. !.1 for nstance1 8+c+ I &2e n )1* A1 8e
+a2e frst an e'oton1 t+en a sense of localt"1 and lastl"1 an dentfcaton
8t+ a $artc)lar $erson.
I follo8 t+s case 8t+ %$$endces )1* B and C contann& t8o cases
(/rs. -adselle5s) 8+ere t+e 'otor effect $rod)ced 8as t+e '$ortant $art of
t+e e#$erence1 b)t 8+c+ s+o8 n nt'ate connecton &eneral maaise,
'otor '$)lse1 and a)dtor" +all)cnaton. %nd I add1 n )1* D 1 an
e#$erence of Lad" de Vesc5s1 8+o descrbed to 'e n con2ersaton a
s'lar maaise, defnn& tself nto t+e )r&ent need of defnte acton
na'el"1 t+e des$atc+ of a tele&ra' to a frend 8+o 8as n fact t+en d"n& at
t+e ot+er sde of t+e 8orld. ()c+ an '$)lse +ad one onl" $arallel n +er
e#$erence1 8+c+ also 8as tele$at+c n a s'lar 8a".
('lar sensor" dst)rbances are so'et'es re$orted n connecton 8t+
an '$ortant for' of 'otor a)to'ats'1t+at of do8sn&9 or dsco2ern&
8ater b" 'eans of t+e 'o2e'ent of a rod +eld n t+e +ands of t+e
a)to'atst1alread" treated of n 2ol. .1 ,+1 A and B 1
)1) . % s'all &ro)$ of cases 'a" nat)rall" be 'entoned +ere. 4ro'
t8o dfferent $onts of 2e8 t+e" stand for t+e 'ost $art at t+e entrance of
o)r s)bDect. I s$ea3 of 'otor n+btons1 $ro'$ted at frst b" s)bl'nal
'e'or"1 or b" s)bl'nal +"$erFst+esa1 b)t 'er&n& nto telFst+esa or
tele$at+". In+btonss)dden arrests or nca$actes of acton('ore or
less of t+e (ocratc t"$e)for' a s'$le1 al'ost r)d'entar"1 +ii,GPK- t"$e
of 'otor a)to'ats's. %nd an n+btona s)dden c+ec3 on acton of t+s
3nd8ll be a nat)ral 8a" n 8+c+ a stron& b)t obsc)re '$resson 8ll
8or3 tself o)t. ()c+ an '$resson1 for nstance1 s t+at of aarm, s)&&ested
b" so'e 2a&)e so)nd or odo)r 8+c+ s onl" s)bl'nall" $erce2ed. %nd
t+)s n t+s seres of 'otor a)to'ats's1 D)st as n o)r seres of drea's1 or
n o)r seres of sensor" a)to'ats's1 8e s+all fnd o)rsel2es be&nnn& 8t+
cases 8+ere t+e s)bl'nal self 'erel" s+o8s so'e sl&+t e#tenson of
'e'or" or of sensor" $erce$ton1and s+all t+ence $ass nsensbl" to cases
8+ere no cr"$to'nesa9 8ll e#$lan t+e facts 3no8n n t+e $ast1 and no
+"$erFst+esa 8ll e#$lan t+e facts dscerned n t+e $resent.
I 8ll be&n 8t+ a for' of n+bton $arallel n ts tr2alt" to t+e $nC
fndn& or ')scleCreadn& e#$er'ents alread" 'entoned. 6e 'a" 'ost of
)s +a2e obser2ed t+at f 8e $erfor' an" s'all acton to 8+c+ t+ere are
obDectons1 8+c+ 8e +a2e once 3no8n b)t 8+c+ +a2e alto&et+er $assed
fro' o)r 'nds1 8e are a$t to $erfor' t n a +estatn&1 neffcent 8a". T+e
obser2er 8+ose acco)nt I s)bDon n )1) Aa lad" s$ecall" s)sce$tble to
s)bl'nal '$ressons1 and s$ecall" $ro'$t n selfCanal"ss (/rs. Verrall)
+as obser2ed t+at t+e e#stence of a $orgotten memory (so to ter' t) 'a"
act)all" ne)tralse $)r$os2e ')sc)lar adD)st'ents.
Parallel to t+s tr2al case of nablt" to &ras$ an )nneeded en2elo$e s
a case of s)dden c+ec3 fro' t+ro8n& nto t+e fre a b)ndle of ban3notes
'sta3en for )seless $a$ers . )1) B /.
)19 . Tr2al1 a&an1 "et so $ro'$tl" obser2ed t+at ts 2er" tr2alt" +as
s&nfcance1 s t+e follo8n& e#$erence of s)dden inhibition '#ed 8t+
corres$ondn& impuset+e 8al3 )nconsco)sl" arrested1 t+e e"es bent on
t+e &ro)nd for a reason not at frst co'$re+ended b" t+e s)$ral'nal self.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <*?.)
LECR-%/PTO! -O:(E1 C%/BRI,GE1
September *<th, *A@?.
Yesterda" 'ornn& ((e$te'ber *;t+1 *A@?)1 D)st after brea3fast1 I 8as
strolln& alone alon& one of t+e &arden $at+s of Lec3+a'$ton -o)se1
re$eatn& alo)d to '"self t+e 2erses of a $oe'. I beca'e te'$orarl"
obl2o)s to '" &arden s)rro)ndn&s1 and re&aned '" consco)sness of
t+e' s)ddenl" to fnd '"self bro)&+t to a stand1 n a stoo$n& $oston1
&aNn& ntentl" at a f2eClea2ed clo2er. On caref)l e#a'naton I fo)nd
abo)t a doNen s$ec'ens of f2eClea2ed clo2er as 8ell as se2eral s$ec'ens
of fo)rClea2ed clo2er1 all of 8+c+ $robabl" ca'e fro' t+e sa'e root.
(e2eral "ears a&o I 8as nterested n &ettn& e#traClea2ed clo2ers1 b)t I +a2e
not for "ears 'ade an" act2e searc+ for t+e'1 t+o)&+ occasonall" '"
consco)s attenton1 as I 8al3ed alon&1 +as been &2en to a$$earances of
fo)rClea2ed clo2er 8+c+ $ro2ed on e#a'naton to be dece$t2e. T+e
$ec)lart" of "esterda"5s fnd9 8as t+at I dsco2ered '"self1 8t+ a sort of
s+oc31 standn& stll and stoo$n& do8n1 and after8ards realsed t+at a f2eC
lea2ed clo2er 8as drectl" )nder '" e"es. I $l)c3ed so'e of t+e s$ec'ens1
and s+o8ed t+e' at once to /r. and /rs. /"ers1 and +ii,GPL- e#$laned
+o8 I +ad +a$$ened to fnd t+e'. Clo2er $lants 8ere t+c3l" cl)stered n t+e
ne&+bo)r+ood1 b)t I faled on loo3n& to fnd an" ot+er s$ec'ens. T+e
ncdent nat)rall" s)&&ests t+e arrestn& of '" s)bl'nal attenton.
R. -O,G(O!.
Co'$are 8t+ t+s ,r. G)eb+ard5s case (see )19 A) of s)dden
$erce$ton of a bfd fern1 8+ere t+e careless s8ee$ of t+e e"e see's to +a2e
been arrested b" a s'lar s)bl'nal call.
)(0 . ('larl" t+ere are cases 8+ere so'e s)dden ')sc)lar '$)lse or
n+bton +as $robabl" de$ended on a s)bl'nal $erce$ton or
nter$retaton of a so)nd 8+c+ +ad not reac+ed t+e s)$ral'nal attenton.
4or nstance1 t8o frends 8al3n& to&et+er alon& a street n a stor' D)st
e2ade b" s)dden 'o2e'ents a falln& 'ass of 'asonr". Eac+ t+n3s t+at +e
+as rece2ed so'e monition of t+e fallG eac+ assertn& t+at +e +eard no nose
8+ate2er to 8arn +'. -ere s an nstance 8+ere s)bl'nal $erce$ton 'a"
+a2e been sl&+tl" E)c3er and 'ore delcate t+an s)$ral'nalG and 'a"
+a2e 8arned t+e' D)st n t'e.
In t+e ne#t case
*
(E)oted fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <*B) t+ere
'a" +a2e been so'e s)bl'nal +"$erFst+esa of +earn& 8+c+ d'l"
8arned /r. 6"'an of t+e a$$roac+ of t+e e#tra tran.
/r. 6'. -. 6"'an 8rtes to t+e Edtor of t+e Arena as follo8sJ
,:!RIRR1 !.Y.1 1une .Bth, *A@*.
(o'e "ears a&o '" brot+er 8as e'$lo"ed and +ad c+ar&e as cond)ctor
and en&neer of a 8or3n& tran on t+e La3e (+ore and /c+&an (o)t+ern
Ral8a"1 r)nnn& bet8een B)ffalo and Ere1 8+c+ $asses t+ro)&+ t+s ct"
(,)n3r31 !.Y.). I often 8ent 8t+ +' to t+e Gra2e Ban31 8+ere +e +ad +s
+eadE)arters1 and ret)rned on +s tran 8t+ +'. On one occason I 8as
8t+ +'1 and after t+e tran of cars 8as loaded1 8e 8ent to&et+er to t+e
tele&ra$+ offce to see f t+ere 8ere an" orders1 and to fnd o)t f t+e trans
8ere on t'e1 as +e +ad to 3ee$ o)t of t+e 8a" of all re&)lar trans. %fter
loo3n& o2er t+e tran re$orts and fndn& t+e' all on t'e1 8e started for
B)ffalo. %s 8e a$$roac+ed near 6estfeld (taton1 r)nnn& abo)t *. 'les
$er +o)r1 and 8+en 8t+n abo)t one 'le of a lon& c)r2e n t+e lne1 '"
brot+er all of a s)dden s+)t off t+e stea'1 and E)c3l" ste$$n& o2er to t+e
fre'an5s sde of t+e en&ne1 +e loo3ed o)t of t+e cab 8ndo81 and t+en to
t+e rear of +s tran to see f t+ere 8as an"t+n& t+e 'atter 8t+ et+er. !ot
dsco2ern& an"t+n& 8ron&1 +e sto$$ed and $)t on stea'1 b)t al'ost
''edatel" a&an s+)t t off and &a2e t+e s&nal for brea3s and sto$$ed.
%fter ns$ectn& t+e en&ne and tran and fndn& not+n& 8ron&1 +e see'ed
2er" ')c+ e#cted1 and for a s+ort t'e +e acted as f +e dd not 3no8 8+ere
+e 8as or 8+at to do. I as3ed 8+at 8as t+e 'atter. -e re$led t+at +e dd not
3no81 8+en1 after loo3n& at +s 8atc+ and orders1 +e sad t+at +e felt t+at
t+ere 8as so'e tro)ble on t+e lne of t+e road. I s)&&ested t+at +e +ad better
r)n +s tran to t+e staton and fnd o)t. -e t+en ordered +s fla&'an 8t+ +s
fla& to &o a+ead aro)nd t+e c)r2e1 8+c+ 8as D)st a+ead of )s1 and +e 8o)ld
follo8 8t+ t+e tran. T+e +ii,GPM- fla&'an started and +ad D)st t'e to fla&
an e#tra e#$ress tran1 8t+ t+e General ()$erntendent and ot+ers on board1
co'n& f)ll fort" 'les $er +o)r. T+e ()$erntendent nE)red 8+at +e 8as
don& t+ere1 and f +e dd not rece2e orders to 3ee$ o)t of t+e 8a" of t+e
e#tra. /" brot+er told +' t+at +e +ad not rece2ed orders and dd not 3no8
of an" e#tra tran co'n&G t+at 8e +ad bot+ e#a'ned t+e tran re$orts
before lea2n& t+e staton. T+e tran t+en bac3ed to t+e staton1 8+ere t 8as
fo)nd t+at no orders +ad been &2en. T+e tran des$atc+er 8as at once
dsc+ar&ed fro' t+e road1 and fro' t+at t'e to t+s bot+ '" brot+er and
'"self are )nable to acco)nt for +s sto$$n& t+e tran as +e dd. I consder t
E)te a '"ster"1 and cannot &2e or fnd an" ntell&ent reason for t. Can
"o) s)&&est an"W
T+e abo2e s tr)e and correct n e2er" $artc)lar.
In s)bseE)ent letters to ,r. -od&son /r. 6"'an 8rtesJ
/" brot+er ded so'e t+ree "ears a&o.
T+e ncdent occ)rred abo)t t+e "ear *A=;.
I 8as not connected 8t+ t+e road or tran at t+e t'eG I 8as e'$lo"ed
on t+e !e8 Yor31 La3e Ere1 and 6estern R.R.1 at ,)n3r3. T+e fla&'an s
no81 or 8as a s+ort t'e a&o1 l2n& n ,en2er1 ColoradoG +s state'ent can
be obtaned f desrable.
T+e ()$erntendent ded n Ger'an" abo)t t8o "ears a&o.
In a s)bseE)ent letter /r. 6"'an addsJ I traced /r. 7a'es Con8a"
Lt+e fla&'anM to Colorado1 and learned fro' +s son t+at +e ded /arc+ *B1
*AAA. LLetter sent +ere8t+.M9
/rs. 6"'an1 8do8 of t+e $erc$ent1 8rtesJ
7ER(EY CITY1 September *B1 *A@;.
/R. -O,G(O!1(IR1I rece2ed "o)r letter as3n& 'e for state'ents
n re&ard to /r. 6"'an5s e#$erence. I don5t t+n3 I co)ld tell an" of t+e
crc)'stances. I onl" recollect +earn& +' sa" +e 8as sn&)larl" and
dee$l" '$ressed t+at so'et+n& 8as 8ron&1 and +e obe"ed t+e '$)lse and
sto$$ed t+e tran D)st n season of t'e to $re2ent an accdent1 and t left a
dee$ '$resson on +s 'nd e2er after1 as +e often s$o3e of t and
8ondered 8+" and 8+at t 8as.Yo)rs res$ectf)ll"1
L. %. 6Y/%!.
)(1 . -ere1 a&an1 s an a2erted ral8a" accdent1 8+ere s'ell 'a"
$ossbl" +a2e $la"ed so'e $art.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <*@.) T+e follo8n& letter 8as
rece2ed b" ,r. -od&son n confr'aton of an acco)nt n a ne8s$a$er1
concordant 8t+ /r. (te8art5s acco)nt &2en later.
B%LTI/ORE %!, O-IO R%ILRO%, CO/P%!Y1
August *<1 *A@;1 G%RRETT1 I!,.
Yo)rs of %)&)st *>t+ rece2ed. /)st sa"1 t+e stor" as $rnted n 'an"
of t+e ne8s$a$ers of o)r co)ntr"1 re&ardn& t+e tran ben& sa2ed b" a
$re'onton1 or 8arnn&1 &2en 'e1 8as tr)e as $rnted. T+e fre'an I t+en
+ad1 snce beca'e an en&neer1 and 8as 3lled n an accdent on a ralroad n
Io8a t8o "ears snce. T+e cond)ctor 8+o 8as 8t+ 'e at t+e t'e "o) refer
to s r)nnn& $assen&er tran on t+e /ac3na8 road. I do not 3no8 +s
address1 +ii,GPN- b)t +s fat+er1 a 'nster of t+e &os$el1 and +s brot+er1 ,r.
C+arles (te8art1 are resdents of t+s ct". % letter addressed to /r. 7ose$+
(te8art1 care of ,r. C+arles (te8art1 Garrett1 Ind.1 8o)ld reac+ '"
cond)ctor.
Yes1 sr1 I +a2e +ad an e#$erence of s'lar nat)re snce t+e occ)rrence
"o) refer to. -ad a 8arnn& fro' t+e sa'e so)rce1 and b" obe"n& t I sa2ed
8+at ot+er8se1 8t+o)t obe"n& t+e 8arnn&1 ')st +a2e been a 'ost
dreadf)l accdent1 and ')st +a2e res)lted n t+e entre destr)cton of '"
tran1 8t+ t+e l2es of 'an"1 f not all t+e $ersons on board. I a' not a
($rt)alst1 do not bele2e n soCcalled ($rt)als'1 b)t do bele2e t+at t+e
l2n& are often 2sted1 often 8arned of dan&er1 and often co'forted n
t'es of afflcton1 b" t+e s$rts of de$arted lo2ed ones.Y
C. 6. /O(E(.
B%TTLE CREER1 /IC-.1 August .A1 *A@;.
RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1 E(X.1,E%R (IR1Yo)r reE)est rece2ed1 and
8ll1 as far as 'e'or" ser2es1 &2e a correct state'ent as to t+e ncdent
referred to.
Tran !o. . of t+e B. and O. R.R.1 d)e n C+ca&o at B..> %./.1 ()nda"1
n t+e 'ont+ of %)&)st *AA; (+a2e for&otten e#act date)1 8as on t'e1
r)nnn& at abo)t t+rt"Cf2e 'les an +o)r. On a$$roac+n& (alt Cree3
Trestle 6or31 abo)t fort" 'les east of C+ca&o1 t+e en&neer1 /r. C. 6.
/oses1 felt t+at so'et+n& t+at +e co)ld not defne co'$elled +' to sto$
before atte'$tn& to cross o2er. -e a$$led t+e ar and ca'e to a f)ll sto$ at
t+e a$$roac+. I occ)$ed front seat n s'o3er1 t ben& t+e second car fro'
en&ne. T+e t'e 8as abo)t <.;> %./. I ''edatel" 8ent for8ard and
Doned t+e en&neer 8+ere 8e fo)nd t+rt" feet of t+e 8ood8or3 b)rned1 t+e
rals ben& +eld to $lace b" c+arred strn&ers. 6e 8ent across1 b" cl'bn&
do8n and )$ t+e ban3 on t+e ot+er sde1 and 8o3e )$ t+e 8atc+'an 8+o
8as e'$lo"ed to loo3 after t+e brd&e1 8+o1 on seen& )s and t+e condton
of t+n&s n &eneral1 too3 to +s +eels and s r)nnn& stll1 as far as I 3no8. I
8o)ld sa" t+at n 'ore t+an a score of "ears en&a&ed n ralroad 8or31 t+at
8as t+e 'ost narro8 esca$e I e2er e#$erencedG for )ndo)btedl"1 8t+ a fall
of t+rt" feet and t+e len&t+ of o2er a +)ndred1 8e 8o)ld not onl" +a2e been
dsabled1 b)t b)rned.
!o8 "o) es$ecall" as3 as to 8+at '$elled /r. /oses n +s acton. -e
onl" stated to 'e at t+e t'e t+at so'et+n& es$ecall" $ressn& on +' told
+' +e s+o)ld sto$1 and +e acted on t+e '$)lse. T+ere +ad been fres all
alon& t+e sde of trac3 at ot+er $onts1 b)t +e $ad no attenton to t+e'.
In concl)son1 I see so'e ne8s$a$er 'an &ot +old of t+e ncdent as late
as last 7)ne1 and atte'$ted to 'a3e /r. /oses sa" t+at t+e s$rt of a
santed 'ot+er too3 +old of +'. 6ell1 /r. /oses s an )$r&+t and tr)t+f)l1
old1 relable en&neer1 and o8n& to +s &reat ad2ance n "ears at t+s late
date 'a" +a2e nt'ated as ')c+1 b)t not+n& 8as sad abo)t t+e old lad" at
t+e t'eG t+at I 2o)c+ for.Y
I. 7. (TE6%RT1 Cond)ctor C. 7. and /. R.R.
L4or'erl" of t+e B. and O. R.R.M
In anot+er case a&an (&2en n )(1 A) so'e s)bl'nal sense of s'ell
'a" be conDect)red.
)(( . In t+e ne#t case (t co'es fro' a &ood obser2er) so'e 8arnn&
'a" +a2e been rece2ed fro' t+e closer s'ell of sl'" 8aterGor $er+a$s
+ii,GPO- fro' a 2a&)e dfference n t+e loo3 of t+e dar3ness1 or e2en n t+e
resstance of t+e ar. (4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <...)
?*<< /%,I(O! %VE!:E1 -Y,E P%RR1 C-IC%GO1
<ctober ;>th, *A@..
,R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1I send "o) an acco)nt of an ncdent n
8+c+1 I t+n31 '" lfe 8as sa2ed b" '" obedence to an '$)lse arsn&
fro' not+n& 8t+n '" consco)s 3no8led&e or $erce$ton.
(o'e "ears a&o1 I landed n (tll8ater1 /nn.1 fro' a stea'boat on
8+c+ I +ad co'e do8n t+e (t. Cro# R2er. T+e boat 8as a s'all1 local
affar1 and no con2e"ances ca'e to 'eet t. I 8as1 I bele2e1 t+e onl"
$assen&er on board 8+en 8e reac+ed (tll8ater1 and t+ere I 8as left to 'a3e
'" 8a" alone to t+e +otel. 6e landed at abo)t @ P./. of a starless n&+t1 and
n t+e s+ado8 of a 8are+o)se 8+c+ c)t off t+e l&+ts of t+e to8nG t+e +o)r1
t+e clo)ded s3"1 and t+e s+ado8 of t+e 8are+o)se1 )ntn& to 'a3e t+e doc3
e#tre'el" dar3.
I +ad been n (tll8ater once before1 and +ad a &eneral dea of t+e
to$o&ra$+" of t+e to8n1 alt+o)&+ so'e "ears +ad $assed snce '" $re2o)s
2st1 and I a' E)te certan t+at I +ad ne2er $assed o2er t+s $artc)lar
localt".
%s I left t+e boat I sa8 t+e l&+ts of t+e brd&e at so'e dstance on '"
left1 and 3no8n& t+e brd&e to be at t+e foot of t+e $rnc$al street1 on
8+c+ stood t+e +otel 8+ere I ntended to $)t )$1 I nat)rall" co''enced to
8al3 alon& t+e doc3 n t+at drecton. I +ad &one b)t a 2er" s+ort dstance1
8+en I s)ddenl" felt so stron& an '$)lse to t)rn and &o t+e ot+er 8a" t+at I
nstantl" obe"ed. I sa8 not+n&1 +eard not+n&G I dd not e2en +a2e an
'$resson of dan&er1 t+o)&+ I dd +a2e a feeln& t+at t ')st be n so'e
8a" better to t)rn.
I dstnctl" re'e'ber t+at '" reason $rotested1 and berated 'e for a
fool n ta3n& a ro)ndabo)t 8a" to '" destnaton 8+en t+e stra&+t 8a" la"
before 'e1 8t+ t+e added $ros$ect of losn& '"self n t+e ral8a" "ards1
8t+ $er+a$s a tenCfeet fence to cl'b. I la)&+ed alo)d1 and artc)lated1 or at
least1 'entall" for'ed t+e 8ords1 Yo) foolZ 6+at are "o) don& t+s forW9
-o8e2er1 '" '$)lse $ro2ed stron&er t+an '" reason. I $erssted n &on&
ro)nd Robn -ood5s barn19 reac+ed '" +otel1 and t+ere t+e 'atter $assed
fro' '" 'nd.
T+e ne#t da" I cas)all" ca'e to t+e sa'e $lace1 and dsco2ered t+at I
+ad t)rned 8t+n a fe8 feet of a s$ot 8+ere t+e doc3 8as c)t a8a" nto an
nclne for +a)ln& fre&+t )$ nto t+e 8are+o)se. T+s nclne 8as so stee$
t+at a $erson co)ld +a2e 3e$t +s footn& on t onl" b" &reat care. If I +ad
)ne#$ectedl" ste$$ed do8n on to t n t+e dar3ness1 I s+o)ld certanl" +a2e
lost '" footn&1 and s+o)ld +a2e sl$$ed nto t+e r2erG and as I a' b)t a
feeble s8''er )nder t+e 'ost fa2o)rable crc)'stances1 and 8as
enc)'bered 8t+ a fall o2ercoat and a rat+er +ea2" satc+el1 I s+o)ld D)st as
certanl" +a2e been dro8ned.
T+e 2al)e of t+e ncdent les n t+e fact1 for 8+c+ "o) ')st ta3e '"
8ord1 t+at I a' not an '$)ls2e and c+an&eable $erson1 b)t rat+er lo&cal
and $ersstent. /" acton 8as entrel" contrar" to '" nat)re1 and t+e
)na2aln& $rotest of '" reason a&anst 8+at a$$eared to 'e an
nconseE)ent and abs)rd $roceedn& con2nces 'e et+er t+at I 8as
nfl)enced b" so'e ntell&ence entrel" 8t+o)t1 or t+at '" ()bl'nal
(elf9 $erce2ed and acted )$on 8+at '" ()$ral'nal (elf9 co)ld not see.
I +a2e ne2er +ad an" ot+er s)$ernor'al e#$erences.
/%R(-%LL 6%IT.
+ii,GGP-
)(3 . Tactie sensibiity, a&an1 ')st be caref)ll" allo8ed for. T+e sense
of 2ar"n& resstance n t+e ar1 to 8+c+ I D)st no8 all)ded1 'a" reac+ n
so'e seen& $ersons1 as 8ell as n t+e blnd1 a +&+ de&ree of ac)teness. It s
$er+a$s $ossble t+at e2en t+e nter$oston of a c+ar n a narro8 $assa&e
'&+t t+)s 'a3e tself felt. B)t /r. 6. (a &ood 8tness and 8ell 3no8n to
,r. -od&son) +as +ad (as 8e s+all see later on n )*3 / ot+er e#$erences
8+ere s)$ernor'al nfl)ences see'ed $lanl" ndcated. (4ro' &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <.;.)
(T%TE O4 !E6 YORR1 *ecember .Ath, *A@;.
,R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1In co'$lance 8t+ "o)r reE)est to 8rte
o)t an acco)nt of '" c+ar e#$erence1 8+c+ I descrbed to "o) 8+en +ere1
I s)b't t+e follo8n&J
/" offce conssts of t+ree roo's1 and t+e lbrar" n t+e bac3 one s
reac+ed b" $assn& t+ro)&+ t+e f)ll len&t+ of t+e ot+er t8o. T+e 'ddle
roo' s rat+er narro81 and 8ell flled on bot+ sdes 8t+ f)rnt)re1 lea2n& a
rat+er narro8 $assa&e t+ro)&+ t+e roo' len&t+8se1 $artc)larl" at a $ont
abo)t t+e 'ddle of t+e roo'1 8+ere t+e $assa&e s onl" t+ree feet 8de.
T+s $assa&e 8as 2er" nat)rall" 3e$t free fro' obstr)ctons1 b)t on t+e
occason of 8+c+ I a' abo)t to s$ea31 so'e one1 $robabl" t+e Dantor 8+en
+e ca'e n to see to t+e fres soon after t+e offce 8as closed for t+e da"1
+ad $laced a c+ar n t+s narro8 $assa&e1 so t+at an" one 8+o s+o)ld
atte'$t to $ass t+ro)&+ t+e roo' 8o)ld be certan to fall o2er t1 f dar3. I
t+n3 t 8as abo)t t+e last da"s of ,ece'ber *A@.. I recollect t+e da"s 8ere
2er" s+ort. I +ad left t+e offce for t+e da" 8t+ t+e $assa&e free. I 2st t+e
offce occasonall" e2enn&s1 b)t not often. On t+s occason d)rn& t+e
e2enn&1 8+en t 8as 2er" dar31 I 2sted t+e offce alone. I )nloc3ed t+e
o)tsde door1 8al3ed t+ro)&+ t+e frst roo'1 sto$$n& at t+e door t+at leads
to t+e second or 'ddle roo'1 to &et a 'atc+ fro' t+e safe +an&n& on t+e
door casn& 8t+ 8+c+ to l&+t a la'$ n t+e lbrar"1 8+ere I 8s+ed to &et
so'et+n&. I 8as n a 2er" &reat +)rr"1 and 8al3ed 2er" ra$dl"G after ta3n&
t+e 'atc+ fro' t+e safe1 I started at a 2er" ra$d $ace to &o t+ro)&+ t+s
narro8 $assa&e and nto t+e lbrar". It 8as 2er" dar31 none of t+e obDects n
t+e roo' 8ere 2sble1 b)t as I 8as 2er" fa'lar 8t+ t+e $lace1 I dd not
+estate. I +ad $roceeded s# or e&+t feet n t+s ra$d 'anner1 8+en
s)ddenl" I sa8 a br&+t1 "ello8 l&+t l&+tn& )$ 2er" $lanl" t+e bac3 of t+e
c+ar 8+c+ 8as n t+e $assa&e. T+e l&+t 8as confned to t+e c+ar1 and at
t+e sa'e t'e I sto$$ed s+ort. T+e sto$$n& 8as E)te n2ol)ntar" on '"
$art. T+e l&+t lasted for b)t a second1 b)t t +ad s+o8ed 'e t+e c+ar
dstnctl"1 es$ecall" t+e car2n& on t+e bac3 of t+e c+ar.
I''edatel" t occ)rred to 'e to dsco2er t+e or&n of t+e l&+t1 f
$ossble1 so1 before $roceedn& to &et a l&+t or to lea2e t+e roo'1 I
a$$roac+ed t+e c+ar a&an n a s'lar 'anner1 b)t no l&+t a$$eared1 and I
e#$erenced no c+ec3. I also loo3ed 2er" caref)ll" for t+e or&n of t+e l&+t1
b)t co)ld dsco2er none. T+ere 8as no l&+t an"8+ere near1 and e2en +ad
t+ere been1 I a' at a loss to see +o8 t co)ld +a2e s+one nto t+e centre of
t+s roo'1 and t+e dffc)lt" s stll f)rt+er ncreased b" t+e fact t+at t s+one
onl" n one $lace1 and e2en t+ere t+e l&+t 8as of a so'e8+at dfferent
colo)r and a$$earance fro' ordnar" artfcal l&+t.
%fter satsf"n& '"self t+at t+ere 8as no l&+t an"8+ere t+at co)ld +a2e
$rod)ced t1 I 8ent nto t+e lbrar" and &ot a la'$ and 'ade an e#a'naton.
+ii,GGG- T+e c+ar 8as n t+e $assa&e n t+e 'ost dan&ero)s $artG ot+er8se
t+e roo' 8as n ts )s)al condton. I s+o)ld also state t+at at one end of t+s
roo' t+ere 8as a coal sto2e1 8t+ a fre n t of +ard coal. It 8as b)rnn&
2er" lo81 and 8as as+ed o2er. I e#a'ned t before I &ot a la'$1 and I a'
confdent t+at no l&+t of an" 3nd $roceeded fro' t.
%s to '" s)dden sto$. T+e sto$ and t+e l&+t 8ere s')ltaneo)s. I
+ardl" t+n3 t+e l&+t )naded ca)sed 'e to sto$G t )ndo)btedl" $re2ented
'e fro' startn& after I +ad sto$$ed. I f)ll" bele2e I s+o)ld +a2e s)staned
a +ea2" fall1 b)t for t+e l&+t and t+e sto$.
6.
&.S.6+en I 'enton t+at t+e colo)r of t+e l&+t a$$eared dfferent1 I
'ean t+at t dd not loo3 as a l&+t reflected fro' or s+nn& fro' a dstance
on to a s$ot 8o)ldit #as more iBe ooBing directy at a ight.
(ee also a case &2en n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;<?1 8+ere a
lad" +)rr"n& )$ to t+e door of a lft1 s sto$$ed b" seen& t+e f&)re of a
'an standn& n front of t1 and t+en fnds t+at t+e door s o$en1 lea2n& t+e
8ell e#$osed1 so t+at s+e 8o)ld $robabl" +a2e fallen do8n t1 f s+e +ad not
been c+ec3ed b" t+e a$$arton.
)(+ . %nd no8 I &2e a case of s)dden 'otor n+bton 8+ere no
8arnn& can 8ell +a2e been rece2ed fro' +"$erFst+etc sensaton. 6e
+a2e co'e1 t see's1 to telFst+esa or to s$rt &)ardans+$.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <?@.)
4o)r "ears a&o1 I 'ade arran&e'ents 8t+ '" ne$+e81 7o+n 6.
Parsons1 to &o to '" offce after s)$$er to n2est&ate a case. 6e 8al3ed
alon& to&et+er1 bot+ f)ll" deter'ned to &o )$ nto t+e offce1 b)t D)st as I
ste$$ed )$on t+e door sll of t+e dr)& store1 n 8+c+ '" offce 8as st)ated1
so'e n2sble nfl)ence sto$$ed 'e nstantl". I 8as ')c+ s)r$rsed1 felt
l3e I 8as al'ost daNed1 t+e nfl)ence 8as so stron&1 al'ost l3e a blo81 I
felt l3e I co)ld not 'a3e anot+er ste$. I sad to '" ne$+e81 7o+n1 I do not
feel l3e &on& nto t+e offce no8G "o) &o and read 4lnt and %t3en on t+e
s)bDect.9 -e 8ent1 l&+ted t+e la'$1 too3 off +s +at1 and D)st as +e 8as
reac+n& for a boo3 t+e re$ort of a lar&e $stol 8as +eard. T+e ball entered
t+e 8ndo8 near 8+ere +e 8as standn&1 $assed near to and o2er +s +ead1
str)c3 t+e 8all and fell to t+e floor. -ad I been standn& 8+ere +e 8as1 I
8o)ld +a2e been 3lled1 as I a' ')c+ taller t+an +e. T+e $stol 8as fred b"
a 'an 8+o +ad an old &r)d&e a&anst 'e1 and +ad secreted +'self n a
2acant +o)se near b" to assassnate 'e.
T+s '$resson 8as )nl3e an" t+at I e2er +ad before. %ll '" for'er
'$ressons 8ere slo8 n t+er de2elo$'ent1 &re8 stron&er and stron&er1
)ntl t+e 'a#')' 8as reac+ed. I dd not feel t+at I 8as n an" dan&er1 and
co)ld not )nderstand 8+at t+e stron& '$resson 'eant. T+e fello8 8as
dr)n31 +ad been drn3n& for t8o 8ee3s. If '" s"ste' +ad been n a
dfferent condtonI +ad D)st eaten s)$$erI t+n3 I 8o)ld +a2e rece2ed
alon& 8t+ t+e '$resson so'e 3no8led&e of t+e c+aracter of t+e dan&er1
and 8o)ld +a2e $re2ented '" ne$+e8 fro' &on& nto t+e offce.
I a' f)ll" satsfed t+at t+e n2sble and )n3no8n ntell&ence dd t+e
best t+at co)ld +a2e been done1 )nder t+e crc)'stances1 to sa2e )s fro'
+ar'.
,. 7. P%R(O!(1 /.,.1 (8eet ($rn&s1 /o.
(T+e abo2e acco)nt 8as rece2ed n a letter fro' ,r. ,. 7. Parsons1
dated *ecember *?th, *A@*.)
+ii,GGH-
(tate'ent of ,r. 7. 6. P%R(O!(.
%bo)t fo)r "ears a&o '" )ncle. ,r. ,. 7. Parsons1 and I 8ere &on& to
s)$$er1 8+en a 'an +alted )s and e#$ressed a desre for 'edcal ad2ce. /"
)ncle reE)ested +' to call t+e ne#t 'ornn&1 and as 8e 8al3ed alon& +e
sad t+e case 8as a bad one and t+at 8e 8o)ld co'e bac3 after s)$$er and
&o to t+e offce and e#a'ne t+e a)t+ortes on t+e s)bDect. %fter s)$$er 8e
ret)rned1 8al3ed alon& to&et+er on o)r 8a" to t+e offce1 b)t D)st as 8e
reac+ed t+e door of t+e dr)& store +e 2er" )ne#$ectedl"1 to 'e1 sto$$ed
s)ddenl"1 8+c+ ca)sed 'e to sto$ tooG 8e stood t+ere to&et+er a fe8
seconds1 and +e re'ar3ed to 'e t+at +e dd not feel l3e &on& nto t+e
offce t+en1 or 8ords to t+at effect1 and told 'e to &o and e#a'ne 4lnt and
%t3en. I 8ent1 lt t+e la'$1 and D)st as I 8as &ettn& a boo31 a $stol 8as
fred nto t+e offce1 t+e ball $assn& close to '" +ead1 str)c3 t+e east 8all1
t+en t+e nort+1 and fell to t+e floor.
T+s ?t+ da" of 7)l"1 *A@*.
7O-! 6. P%R(O!( LLadona1 Te#asM.
)(, . In t+e ne#t &ro)$ of cases 8+c+ I s+all cte1 8e reac+ a class of
'ass2e 'otor '$)lses 8+c+ are al'ost entrel" free fro' an" sensor"
ad'#t)re.
In t+e frst of t+ese1 /r. Garrson left a rel&o)s 'eetn& n t+e e2enn&1
and 8al3ed e&+teen 'les )nder t+e stron& '$)lse to see +s 'ot+er1 and
fo)nd +er dead. T+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $.
*.?.
/r. Garrson 8rtesJ
G%R,!ER & G%RRI(O!1 ,ealers n 4anc" and 4a'l" Groceres.
OV%RR1 /o.1 1uy .@th, *A@B.
/R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1%ns8ern& "o)r letter of 7)l"
*?t+ n re&ard to '" e#$erence connected 8t+ t+e deat+ of '" 'ot+er1 I
8ll 'a3e t+e follo8n& state'ent. /" 'ot+er1 !anc" 7. Garrson1 ded on
4rda" n&+t1 October <t+1 *AAA1 at +er +o'e t+ree 'les nort+Ceast of
ONar31 C+rstan Co)nt"1 /sso)r. (+e 8as fft"Ce&+t "ears old. I 8as t+en
l2n& at 4ordland1 n 6ebster Co)nt"1 /sso)r1 abo)t e&+teen 'les
nort+Ceast of '" 'ot+er5s +o'e. I +ad not seen '" 'ot+er for t8o 'ont+s
at t+e t'e of +er deat+1 b)t +ad +eard fro' L+erM b" letter fro' 8ee3 to
8ee3.
On t+e n&+t of '" 'ot+er5s deat+ t+ere 8as a 'eetn& n 4ordland1 and
'"self and 8fe attended t+e $reac+n&. 6e +ad t+en one c+ld1 a bab" a
"ear old. T+e 'eetn&s +ad been &on& on a 8ee3 or 'ore. %bo)t ten
o5cloc31 D)st before t+e 'eetn& closed1 8+le t+e con&re&aton 8as sn&n&1
I felt t+e frst desre to see '" 'ot+er. T+e t+o)&+t of '" 'ot+er 8as
s)&&ested b" t+e s&+t of so'e of t+e $entents at t+e altar1 8+o 8ere 2er"
8ar' and s8eatn&. /" 'ot+er 8as s)bDect to s'ot+ern& s$ells1 and 8+le
s)ffern& fro' t+ese attac3s s+e 8o)ld $ers$re freel" and 8e +ad to fan +er.
In t+e faces of t+e 'o)rners I see'ed to see '" 'ot+er5s s)ffern&. %nd
t+en t+e '$)lse to &o to +er beca'e so stron& t+at I &a2e t+e bab" to a
ne&+bo)rC8o'an and left t+e c+)rc+ 8t+o)t telln& '" 8fe. (+e 8as n
anot+er $art of t+e +o)se.
T+e tran &on& 8est 8+c+ 8o)ld +a2e ta3en 'e LtoM Ro&ers2lle1 se2en
'les of t+e dstance to '" 'ot+er5s $lace1 8as d)e at *>.;> P./.1 b)t before
+ii,GGI- I &ot +o'e and c+an&ed '" clot+es and ret)rned to t+e de$ot1 t+e
cars +ad left t+e staton. I stll felt t+at I ')st see '" 'ot+er1 and started
do8n t+e ralroad trac3 alone1 and 8al3ed to Ro&ers2lle. -ere I left t+e
ralroad and 8al3ed do8n t+e 8a&&on 8a" leadn& fro' /ars+feld to
ONar31 /o. It 8as abo)t t+ree o5cloc3 %./. 8+en I reac+ed '" 'ot+er5s
+o)se. I 3noc3ed at t+e door t8o or t+ree t'es and &ot no res$onse. T+en I
3c3ed t+e door1 b)t stll 'ade no one +ear 'e. %t last I o$ened t+e door
8t+ '" 3nfe and 8al3ed n and l&+ted a la'$. T+en '" sster1 /rs. Blle
Glle"1 t+e onl" $erson 8+o +ad been l2n& 8t+ '" 'ot+er1 a8o3e1 and I
as3ed +er 8+ere 'ot+er 8as. (+e re$led t+at s+e 8as n bed1 and I sad1
(+e s dead19 for b" t+at t'e I felt t+at s+e co)ld not be al2e. (+e +ad
ne2er faled to 8a3e before 8+en I +ad entered t+e roo' at n&+t.
I 8ent to '" 'ot+er5s bed and $)t '" +and on +er fore+ead. It 8as cold.
(+e +ad been dead abo)t t+ree +o)rs1 t+e ne&+bo)rs t+o)&+t1 fro' t+e
condton of +er bod". (+e +ad &one to bed abo)t ten o5cloc3 at n&+t1
feeln& better t+an )s)al. (+e and '" sster +ad tal3ed a8+le after &on& to
bed. T+e" 8ere a'n& to co'e to ONar3 t+e ne#t 'ornn&1 and ntended to
&et )$ earl".
T+e abo2e facts co2er '" e#$erence as f)ll" as I can tell t+e stor". I
+a2e no e#$lanaton for t+e 'atter. It s as ')c+ a '"ster" to 'e no8 as
e2er. I co)ld not bele2e s)c+ a stran&e affar f told b" an" one else1 and "et
I co)ld s8ear to e2er" fact stated.Y
T-O/%( B. G%RRI(O!.
OV%RR1 /o.1 August *=th, *A@B.
/R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1I send "o) a state'ent 'ade
b" '" 8fe abo)t t+e deat+ of '" 'ot+er.Y
I +a2e not "et been able to &et '" sster5s state'ent. (+e l2es a fe8
'les o)t of to8n. I 8ll &et +er to tell abo)t t+e deat+ of 'ot+er and '"
co'n& +o'e t+at n&+t 8+en I see +er.
%fter fndn& t+at 'ot+er 8as dead I 8ent to t+ree ne&+bo)r fa'les
r&+t a8a" and +ad t+e 8o'en co'e and sta" 8t+ )s tll 'ornn&. /rs.
Green1 /rs. 6al3er1 and /rs. Gardner 8ere t+e 8o'en 8+o frst +eard of
'ot+er5s deat+ fro' 'e. T+e" stll l2e n t+at ne&+bo)r+ood1 and 8o)ld
confr' '" stor" so far as t relates to '" co'n& to '" 'ot+er5s t+at n&+t
and fndn& +er dead.
6o)ld "o) l3e a state'ent fro' t+ese 8o'enW I s+all be &lad to &2e
"o) all t+e facts connected 8t+ t+e stran&e occ)rrence1 for t +as been to 'e
a '"ster" of t+e &reatest $er$le#t".Y
T. B. G%RRI(O!.
Corroborat2e state'ents are as follo8sJ
OV%RR1 /o.1 August *.th, *A@B.
RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR16e rece2ed "o)r letter as3n& for
a state'ent fro' 'e n re&ard to t+e deat+ of '" +)sband5s 'ot+er.
I re'e'ber t+e occ)rrence D)st as '" +)sband +as 8rtten t. I 8as 2er"
')c+ s)r$rsed to fnd +' &one fro' t+e c+)rc+1 and 'ore so 8+en I &ot
+o'e to +ear +e +ad started se2enteen 'les after n&+t 8t+o)t sa"n& a
8ord to 'e1 as +e ne2er left +o'e e2en for a fe8 +o)rs 8t+o)t telln& 'e
8+ere +e 8as &on&. /" 'ot+er (/rs. B)tc+er) 8as at t+e +o)se. 6+en +e
started +e left 8ord 8t+ +er telln& 'e +e +ad &one to see +s 'ot+er1 b)t I
co)ld +ardl" bele2e t1 t ben& s)c+ a stran&e t'e to start s)c+ a dstance.
-e dd not sa" an"t+n& abo)t &on& to an" one e#ce$t '" 'ot+er. -e +as
al8a"s sad +e felt as f +e ')st &o.Y
/I!!IE G%RRI(O!.
+ii,GGJ-
OV%RR1 /o.1 September *<th, *A@B.
/R. R. -O,G(O!1-earn& t+at "o) 8ere tr"n& to fnd o)t t+e
$artc)lars abo)t t+e re'ar3able crc)'stance of /r. Garrson5s e#$erence
abo)t t+e t'e of +s 'ot+er5s deat+1 I decded to 8rte to "o). I 8as l2n&
abo)t *?> "ards fro' /rs. Garrson at t+e t'e1 and /r. Garrson ca'e to
o)r +o)se bet8een t+ree and fo)r t+at 'ornn& to tell )s of +s 'ot+er5s
deat+1 and 8e learned t+e 'atter t+en D)st as t 8as $rnted n t+e
ne8s$a$er.Y
/R(. C. C. GREE!.
OV%RR1 /o.1 September *Bth, *A@B.
YI 8as l2n& 8t+ '" sonCnCla81 T+o'as B. Garrson1 at t+e t'e of
+s 'ot+er5s deat+ on October ;rd1 *AAA.
Garrson and +s 8fe 8ent to c+)rc+ n 4ordland1 /o.1 and I re'aned
at +o'e. %bo)t ten o5cloc3 t+at n&+t T. B. Garrson ret)rned +o'e and sad
/a1 I +a2e too3 a noton to &o +o'e1 n C+rstan Co.1 and see 'ot+er.9 I
8as s)r$rsed at +s startn& at t+at +o)r of t+e n&+t. I as3ed +' 8+ere
/nne 8as. -e sad s+e 8as at c+)rc+1 and +e told 'e to tell +s 8fe 8+ere
+e 8as &one 8+en s+e ret)rned. T+e abo2e s tr)e.Y
ELVIR% B:TC-ER.
In anot+er case1 t+at of /aDor RobbU (&2en n &hantasms o$ the .iving,
2ol. . $. .AA)1 t+e $erc$ent 8as $ro'$ted to 2st a dstant ce'eter"1
8t+o)t an" consco)s reason1 and t+ere fo)nd +s fat+er1 8+o +ad1 n fact1
for certan )ne#$ected reasons1 sent to +s son1 /aDor RobbU1 a reE)est
(accdentall" not received) to 'eet +' at t+at $lace and +o)r.
In a t+rd case1 /r. (3r2n& (see )(, A) 8as rresstbl" co'$elled to
lea2e +s 8or3 and &o +o'e#hy, +e 3ne8 notat t+e 'o'ent 8+en +s
8fe 8as n fact calln& for +' n t+e dstress of a sero)s accdent. (ee also
a case &2en n &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;==1 8+ere a brc3la"er
+as a s)dden '$)lse to r)n +o'e1 and arr2es D)st n t'e to sa2e t+e lfe of
+s lttle bo"1 8+o +ad set +'self on fre.
T+s s$ecal sensblt" to t+e motor ele'ent n an '$)lse recalls to )s
t+e s$ecal s)sce$tbltes to dfferent for's of +all)cnaton or s)&&eston
s+o8n b" dfferent +"$notc s)bDects. (o'e can be 'ade to see1 so'e to
+ear1 so'e to act o)t t+e conce$ton $ro$osed to t+e'. ,r. BUrllon
*
+as
e2en s+o8n t+at certan s)bDects 8+o see' at frst E)te refractor" to
+"$notsaton are ne2ert+eless at once obedent1 e2en n t+e 8a3n& state1 to
a 'otor s)&&eston. T+s 8as t+e case bot+ 8t+ a 2er" stron& 'an1 8t+
8ea3 'en and 8o'en1 and 8t+ at least one s)bDect act)all" s)ffern& fro'
loco'otor ata#". T+)s t+e loss of s)$ral'nal 'otor control o2er certan
')sc)lar co'bnatons 'a" act)all" lead to motor suggestibiity as re&ards
t+ose co'bnatonsG D)st as t+e loss of s)$ral'nal sensaton n so'e
anFst+etc $atc+ 'a" lead to a s$ecal s)bl'nal senst2eness n t+e 2er"
drectons 8+ere t+e s)$erfcal sensblt" +as s)n3 a8a". On t+e ot+er
+and1 a s$ecall" 8ellCde2elo$ed 'otor control 'a" $reds$ose n a s'lar
8a"Gas for nstance1 t+e s)bDect 8+o can sn& alread" s +ii,GGK- 'ore
easl" 'ade to sn& b" s)&&eston. 6e ')st1 t+en1 a8at f)rt+er
obser2atons before 8e can $retend to sa" before+and 8t+ 8+c+ a)to'atst
t+e 'essa&es 8ll ta3e a sensor"1 and 8t+ 8+c+ a 'otor for'.
(tll less can 8e e#$lan t+e s$ecal $reds$oston of eac+ e#$er'enter
to one or 'ore of t+e co''on 3nds of 'otor a)to'ats'as a)to'atc
s$eec+1 a)to'atc 8rtn&1 table 'o2e'ents1 ra$s1 and so fort+. T+ese for's
of 'essa&es 'a" t+e'sel2es be 2aro)sl" co'bnedG and t+e contents of a
'essa&e of an" one of t+ese 3nds 'a" be $)rel" drea'Cl3e and fantastc1
or 'a" be 2erdcal n 2aro)s 8a"s.
Let )s en)'erate t+e 'odes of s)bl'nal 'otor 'essa&e as nearl" as
8e can n order of t+er ncreasn& s$ecalsaton.
*. 6e 'a" $lace frst t+e 'ass2e 'otor '$)lses (l3e /r. Garrson5s)
8+c+ 'ar3 a 3nd of transton bet8een cQnest+etc affectons and 'otor
'$)lses $ro$er. T+ere 8as +ere no '$)lse to s$ecal 'o2e'ent of an"
l'bG b)t an '$)lse to reac+ a certan $lace b" ordnar" 'et+ods.
.. !e#t1 $er+a$s1 n order of s$ecalsaton co'e t+e s'$le s)bl'nal
')sc)lar '$)lses 8+c+ &2e rse to tableCtltn& and s'lar $+eno'ena.
;. /)scal e#ec)ton1 s)bl'nall" ntated1 '&+t t+eoretcall" be
$laced ne#tG alt+o)&+ defnte e2dence of t+s s +ard to obtan1 snce t+e
t+res+old of consco)sness 8t+ ')scal $erfor'ers s notoro)sl" a$t to be
s+ftn& and ndefnte. (6+en n do)bt1 $la" 8t+ "o)r fn&ers1 and not
8t+ "o)r +ead.9)
<. !e#t 8e 'a" $lace a)to'atc dra8n& and $antn&. T+s c)ro)s
&ro)$ of 'essa&es +as b)t seldo' a tele$at+c content1 and1 as 8as
s)&&ested n C+a$ter III. . 3(+ /1 s 'ore a3n to genius and s'lar
nontele$at+c for's of s)bl'nal fac)lt".
*
?. !e#t co'es a)to'atc 8rtn&1 on 8+c+ ')c+ re'ans to be sad n
t+s c+a$ter.
B. %)to'atc speech, 8+c+ 8o)ld not see' to be per se a 'ore
de2elo$ed for' of 'otor 'essa&e t+an a)to'atc scr$t1 s often
acco'$aned b" $rofo)nd c+an&es of 'e'or" or of $ersonalt" 8+c+ rase
t+e E)eston of ns$raton9 or $ossesson9for t+e t8o 8ords1 +o8e2er
dfferent t+er t+eolo&cal '$ort1 'ean ')c+ t+e sa'e t+n& fro' t+e
stand$ont of e#$er'ental $s"c+olo&".
=. I ')st concl)de '" lst 8t+ a class of 'otor $+eno'ena 8+c+ I
s+all +ere 'erel" record n $assn&1 8t+o)t atte'$tn& an" e#$lanaton. I
all)de to ra$s1 and to t+ose tele3netc 'o2e'ents of obDects 8+ose real
e#stence s stll 'atter of contro2ers".
Co'$arn& t+s lst of 'otor a)to'ats's 8t+ t+e sensor" a)to'ats's
en)'erated n C+a$ter VI.1 8e s+all fnd a certan &eneral tendenc" r)nnn&
+ii,GGL- t+ro)&+ eac+ al3e. T+e sensor" a)to'ats's be&an 8t+ 2a&)e
)ns$ecalsed sensatons. T+e" t+en $assed t+ro)&+ a $+ase of defnton1 of
s$ecalsaton on t+e lnes of t+e 3no8n senses. %nd fnall" t+e" reac+ed a
sta&e be"ond t+ese +abt)al for's of s$ecalsatonJ be"ond t+e'1 as of
8der reac+1 and ncl)dn& n an a$$arentl" )nanal"sable act of $erce$ton a
co'$leter tr)t+ t+an an" of o)r s$ecalsed for's of $erce$ton co)ld b"
tself con2e". 6t+ 'otor 'essa&es1 too1 8e be&n 8t+ so'et+n& of
s'lar 2a&)eness. T+e"1 too1 de2elo$ fro' 'odfcatons of t+e $erc$ent5s
&eneral or&anc condton1 or cQnest+esaG and t+e frst d' tele$at+c
'$)lse a$$arentl" +estates bet8een se2eral c+annels of e#$resson. T+e"
t+en $ass t+ro)&+ 2aro)s defntel" s$ecalsed for'sG and fnall"1 as 8e
s+all see 8+en a)to'atc scr$t s consdered1 t+e"1 too1 'er&e nto an
)nanal"sable act of co&nton n 8+c+ t+e 'otor ele'ent of t+e 'essa&e
+as dsa$$eared.
B)t t+ese 'otor 'essa&es $ont also n t8o ot+er e2en 'ore $er$le#n&
drectons. T+e" lead1 as I +a2e sad abo2e1 to8ards t+e old dea of
possession/)sn& t+e 8ord no lon&er n an )nfa2o)rable sense1 b)t s'$l"
as an e#$resson for so'e for' of te'$orar" 'anfestaton of so'e
2ertabl" dstnct and alen $ersonalt" t+ro)&+ t+e $+"scal or&ans' of
so'e l2n& 'an or 8o'an. %nd t+e" a$$ear to lead also to anot+er class of
$+eno'ena n 8+c+ (D)st as n $ossesson9) t+e nfl)ence at 8or31 nstead
of beco'n& 'ore and 'ore dentfed 8t+ t+e a)to'atst5s consco)s
t+o)&+t1 a$$ears to beco'e 'ore and 'ore 'ar3edl" dstn&)s+ed fro' t.
I all)de to teeBinesis, or hyperbouia, or 8+ate2er na'e 8e 'a" decde to
&2e to effects a$$arentl" e#ercsed n t+e a)to'atst5s $resence1 b)t not
t+ro)&+ +s nor'al a&enc"1 )$on t+e $+"scal 8orld.
T+ese t8o lastCna'ed to$cs1 soCcalled $ossesson19 and soCcalled
tele3netc $+eno'ena19 alt+o)&+ )na2odabl" 'entoned +ere1 ')st be
reser2ed for f)ller descr$ton n '" ne#t c+a$ter. It 8ll be eno)&+ for t+e
$resent to consder 'otor 'essa&es as r)nnn& $arallel to sensor" 'essa&esG
as co2ern& ')c+ t+e sa'e &ro)nd1 and $resentn& t+e old $roble's as to
t+er so)rce and ntaton n an nstr)ct2el" dfferent l&+t.
)(' . T+e s)bDect of a)to'atc 8rtn&1 to 8+c+ o)r ar&)'ent ne#t leads
)s1 s a creaton of t+e last fe8 decades1 and s at $resent n so ra$dl"
de2elo$n& a condton t+at t s not eas" to 3no8 at 8+at sta&e of $roof or
e#$lanaton t s +ere best to be&n. In calln& t+e s)bDect no2el I do not
ndeed 'ean to den" t+at t+s and s'lar $ractces are traceable n 'an"
lands and n re'ote antE)t". B)t a'on& c2lsed 'en1 n E)ro$e and
%'erca1 t+e $+eno'enon ca'e frst nto notce as an ele'ent n soCcalled
'odern s$rt)als'19 abo)t t+e 'ddle of t+e nneteent+ cent)r". It t+en
re'aned for anot+er &eneraton a 3nd of $la"t+n& or dra8n&Croo'
a')se'entG$lanc+ette ben& called )$on for ans8ers to s)c+ E)estons as
6+at "o)n& lad" a' I t+n3n& ofW9 6+at +orse s &on& to 8n t+e
,erb"W9
It 8as n t+e :nted (tates t+at t+ese s$oradc 'essa&es 8ere frst +ii,
GGM- de2elo$ed and s"ste'atsed. T+ro)&+ t+e )nlettered 'nd of %ndre8
7ac3son ,a2s a 3nd of s"ste' of $+loso$+" 8as &2en. T+ro)&+ 7)d&e
Ed'onds 'an" 'essa&es of sero)s '$ort 8ere &2en1 alt+o)&+1 as
recorded1 t+e" contan lttle e2dence to t+e a&enc" of an e#ternal
ntell&ence. The 'eaing o$ the Nations 8as anot+er 8or3 of t+e sa'e
&eneral t"$e. B)t t+e a)to'atc 8rtn&s of 6. (tanton /osesabo)t
*A=>KA>8ere $er+a$s t+e frst contn)o)s seres of 'essa&es &2en n
En&land 8+c+ lfted t+e s)bDect nto a +&+er $lane.
*
T+ese 8rtn&s 'ar3ed a ne8 de$art)re of 'ost sero)s 'o'ent. /r.
/osesa 'an 8+ose state'ents co)ld not be l&+tl" set asdecla'ed for
t+e' t+at t+e" 8ere t+e drect )tterances of de$arted $ersons1 so'e of t+e'
latel" dead1 so'e dead lon& a&o. ()c+ a cla' see'ed at frst too $rod&o)s
for belefG andas 8ll be seen latert s n fact stll )nder dsc)sson. B)t
/r. /oses5 8rtn&s+o8e2er to be e#$lanedstron&l" '$ressed
Ed')nd G)rne" and '"self1 and added to o)r desre to 8or3 at t+e s)bDect
n as 'an" 8a"s as 8e co)ld.
It 8as $lan t+at t+ese 8rtn&s8+c+ might be of al'ost
''eas)rable '$ortanceco)ld not be D)d&ed ar&+t 8t+o)t a 8de
anal"ss of s'lar scr$ts18t+o)t an e#$er'ental nE)r" nto 8+at t+e
+)'an 'nd1 n states of so'na'b)ls' or t+e l3e1 co)ld f)rns+ of 8rtten
'essa&es1 a$art fro' t+e 'an strea' of consco)sness. B" +s e#$er'ents1
'entoned n a for'er c+a$ter1 on 8rtn& obtaned n dfferent sta&es of
+"$notc trance1 G)rne" acted as t+e $oneer of a lon& seres of researc+es
8+c+1 nde$endentl" set on foot b" Professor Perre 7anet n 4rance1 +a2e
beco'e of +&+ $s"c+olo&cal1 and e2en 'edcal1 '$ortance. 6+at s +ere
of $r'e nterest s t+e nd)btable fact t+at fres+ $ersonaltes can be
artfcall" and te'$orarl" created1 8+c+ 8ll 8rte do8n 'atter E)te
alen fro' t+e frst $ersonalt"5s c+aracter1 and e2en 'atter 8+c+ t+e frst
$ersonalt" ne2er 3ne8. T+at 'atter 'a" consst 'erel" of re'nscences of
$re2o)s $erods 8+en t+e second $ersonalt" +as been n control. B)t1
ne2ert+eless1 f t+ese 8rtn&s are s+o8n to t+e $r'ar" $ersonalt"1 +e 8ll
absol)tel" re$)date t+er a)t+ors+$alle&n& not onl" t+at +e +as no
recollecton of 8rtn& t+e'1 b)t also t+at t+e" contan all)sons to facts
8+c+ +e ne2er 3ne8. (o'e of t+ese 'essa&es1 ndeed1 alt+o)&+ t+er
so)rce s so $erfectl" 8ell defnedalt+o)&+ 8e 3no8 t+e 2er" 'o'ent
8+en t+e secondar" $ersonalt" 8+c+ 8rote t+e' 8as called nto e#stence
do certanl" loo3 'ore alen fro' t+e a)to'atst n +s nor'al state t+an
'an" of t+e 'essa&es 8+c+ cla' to co'e fro' s$rts of loft" t"$e. It s
notceable1 'oreo2er1 t+at t+ese 'an)fact)red $ersonaltes so'et'es cln&
obstnatel" to t+er fctto)s na'es1 and ref)se to ad't t+at t+e" are n
realt" onl" as$ects or $ortons +ii,GGN- of t+e a)to'atst -'self. T+s
')st be re'e'bered 8+en t+e $ersstent caim to so'e s$rt)al dentt"
sa" !a$oleons )r&ed as an ar&)'ent for attrb)tn& a seres of 'essa&es
to t+at s$ecal so)rce. T+ere s ')c+ else 8+c+ 'a" be learnt fro' t+ese
selfCs)&&ested a)to'ats'sG and t+e dsc)ssons n '" earler c+a$ters refer
to se2eral $onts 8+c+ s+o)ld be fa'lar to all 8+o 8o)ld sero)sl"
anal"se t+e 'ore ad2anced1 'ore dffc)lt1 'otor $+eno'ena.
)(* . %nd +ere t ')st be stron&l" asserted t+at1 +o8e2er '$ortant t
'a" be to 8or3 to t+e f)ll t+at $rel'nar" nE)r"1 t s stll 'ore '$ortant
to collect t+e rc+est $ossble +ar2est of t+ose 'ore ad2anced cases. To s)c+
collecton /r. /oses5 8rtn&s acted as a $o8erf)l st')lantG and e2er snce
'" frst s&+t of +s /((. I +a2e 'ade t a $rnc$al obDect to &et +old of
a)to'atc scr$t fro' tr)st8ort+" so)rces.
,)rn& t+ose t8ent"Cse2en "ears I +a2e $ersonall" obser2ed at least fft"
cases 8+ere t+ere 8as e2er" reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e 8rtn& 8as
&en)nel" automatic/ albet n 'ost of t+e cases t 8as )nnterestn& and
nonCe2dental.
T+s n)'ber s1 at an" rate1 s)ffcent to enable 'e to &eneralse as to
t+e effects of t+s $ractce on +ealt+" $ersons rat+er less nadeE)atel" t+an
8rters 8+o &eneralse fro' 'ere +earsa"1 or fro' obser2aton of +os$tal
$atents.
In t8o cases I t+n3 t+at t+e +abt of a)to'atc 8rtn& (carred on n
s$te of '" 8arnn&1 b" $ersons o2er 8+o' I +ad no nfl)ence)1 'a" +a2e
done so'e lttle +ar'1 o8n& to t+e obstnate belef of t+e 8rters t+at t+e
ob2o)s tras+ 8+c+ t+e" 8rote 8as necessarl" tr)e and a)t+ortat2e. In t+e
re'ann& cases no a$$arent +ar' 8as doneG nor1 so far as I 3no81 8as
t+ere an" llC+ealt+ or dst)rbance n connecton 8t+ t+e $ractce. (e2eral of
t+e 8rters 8ere $ersons bot+ $+"scall" and 'entall" abo2e t+e a2era&e
le2el.
/" o8n concl)son s t+at 8+en t+e 8rtn& s $res)'$t)o)s or
nonsenscal1 or e2ades test E)estons1 t s+o)ld be sto$$edG snce n t+at case
t s $res)'abl" t+e 'ere e#ternalsaton of a 3nd of drea'Cstate of t+e
a)to'atst5sG b)t t+at 8+en t+e 8rtn& s co+erent and stra&+tfor8ard1 and
es$ecall" 8+en so'e facts )n3no8n to t+e 8rter are &2en as tests of &ood
fat+1 t+e $ractce of a)to'atc 8rtn& s +ar'less1 and 'a" lead at an"
'o'ent to '$ortant tr)t+. T+e $ersons1 n s+ort1 8+o s+o)ld a2od t+s
e#$er'ent are t+e selfCcentred and conceted. It s dan&ero)s onl" to t+ose
8+o are secretl" read"and 'an" are secretl" read"to re&ard t+e'sel2es
as s)$eror to t+e rest of 'an3nd.
)() . 6+at +as no8 been sad 'a" s)ffce as re&ards t+e 2aretes of
'ec+ans't+e dfferent for's of 'otor a)to'ats'8+c+ t+e 'essa&es
e'$lo". I s+all $ass on to consder t+e contents of t+e 'essa&es1 and s+all
endea2o)r to classf" t+e' accordn& to t+er a$$arent so)rces.
A. In t+e frst $lace1 t+e 'essa&e 'a" co'e fro' t+e $erc$ent5s o8n
'ndG ts contents ben& s)$$led fro' t+e reso)rces of +s ordnar" +ii,GGO-
'e'or"1 or of +s 'ore e#tens2e s)bl'nal 'e'or"G 8+le t+e
dramatisation of t+e 'essa&ets ass)'$ton of so'e ot+er 'nd as ts
so)rce8ll rese'ble t+e dra'atsatons of drea' or of +"$notc trance.
Of co)rse t+e absence of facts )n3no8n to t+e 8rter s not n tself a
$roof t+at t+e 'essa&e does not co'e fro' so'e ot+er 'nd. 6e cannot be
s)re t+at ot+er 'nds1 f t+e" can co'')ncate1 8ll al8a"s be at t+e $ans
to fll t+er 'essa&es 8t+ e2dental facts. B)t1 eE)all" of co)rse1 a 'essa&e
de2od of s)c+ facts ')st not1 on t+e stren&t+ of ts 'ere assertons1 be
cla'ed as t+e $rod)ct of an" b)t t+e 8rter5s o8n 'nd.
). !e#t abo2e t+e 'otor 'essa&es 8+ose content t+e a)to'atst5s o8n
'ental reso)rces '&+t s)$$l"1 8e 'a" $lace t+e 'essa&es 8+ose content
see's to be der2ed tele$at+call" fro' t+e 'nd of so'e ot+er $erson stll
l2n& on eart+G t+at $erson ben& et+er consco)s or )nconsco)s of
trans'ttn& t+e s)&&eston.
C. !e#t co'es t+e $ossblt" t+at t+e 'essa&e 'a" e'anate fro' so'e
)ne'boded ntell&ence of )n3no8n t"$eot+er1 at an" rate1 t+an t+e
ntell&ence of t+e alle&ed a&ent. :nder t+s +eadn& co'e t+e 2e8s 8+c+
ascrbe t+e 'essa&es on t+e one +and to ele'entares19 or e2en de2ls1 and
on t+e ot+er +and to &)des9 or &)ardans9 of s)$er+)'an &oodness and
8sdo'.
*. 4nall" 8e +a2e t+e $ossblt" t+at t+e 'essa&e 'a" be der2ed1 n a
'ore or less drect 'anner1 fro' t+e 'nd of t+e a&entt+e de$arted frend
fro' 8+o' t+e co'')ncaton does act)all" cla' to co'e.
/" 'an effort +as nat)rall" been t+)s far drected to t+e $roof t+at
t+ere are 'essa&es 8+c+ do not fall nto t+e lo8est class1 An 8+c+ class
'ost $s"c+olo&sts 8o)ld stll $lace t+e' all. %nd I '"self 8+le
reser2n& a certan s'all $orton of t+e 'essa&es for '" ot+er classesdo
not onl" ad't b)t assert t+at t+e &reat 'aDort" of s)c+ co'')ncatons
re$resent t+e s)bl'nal 8or3n&s of t+e a)to'atst5s 'nd alone. It does
not1 +o8e2er1 follo8 t+at s)c+ 'essa&es +a2e for )s no nterest or no2elt".
On t+e contrar"1 t+e" for' an nstr)ct2e1 an nds$ensable transton fro'
$s"c+olo&cal ntros$ecton of t+e oldCfas+oned 3nd to t+e bolder 'et+ods
on 8+ose 2aldt" I a' an#o)s to nsst. T+e 'nd5s s)bl'nal acton1 as
t+)s re2ealed1 dffers fro' t+e s)$ral'nal n 8a"s 8+c+ no one
antc$ated1 and 8+c+ no one can e#$lan. T+ere see' to be s)bl'nal
tendences settn& steadl" n certan obsc)re drectons1 and bearn& as lttle
relaton to t+e nd2d)al c+aracterstcs of t+e $erson to t+e dee$s of 8+ose
ben& 8e +a2e so'e+o8 $enetrated as $rofo)nd oceanCc)rrents bear to
8a2es and 8nds on t+e s)rface of t+e sea.
*
+ii,GHP-
Is t+s ndeed t+e drft of t+e Seitgeistas Professor 7a'es s)&&ests
stead" beneat+ t+e tossn&s and t)'bln&s of nd2d)al 'anW Or s t
so'et+n& nde$endent of a&e or seasonW Is t+ere so'e $attern n t+e 2er"
fabrc of o)r nat)re 8+c+ be&ns to s+o8 8+ene2er 8e scratc+ t+e &laNe off
t+e st)ffW
%ll t+s 'a" be better consdered +ereafter1 a$art fro' t+e e2dental
dsc)ssons 8t+ 8+c+ t+s c+a$ter ')st be 'anl" concerned.
%not+er $ont also1 of f)nda'ental '$ortance1 connected 8t+ t+e
$o8ers of t+e s)bl'nal self1 8ll be better deferred )ntl a later c+a$ter. I
+a2e sad t+at a 'essa&e contann& onl" facts nor'all" 3no8n to t+e
a)to'atst ')st not1 on t+e stren&t+ of ts 'ere assertons1 be re&arded as
$roceedn& fro' an" 'nd b)t +s o8n. T+s see's e2dentG b)t t+e
con2erse $ro$oston s not eE)all" nds$)table. 6e ')st not ta3e for
&ranted t+at a 'essa&e 8+c+ does contan facts not nor'all" 3no8n to t+e
a)to'atst ')st t+erefore co'e fro' so'e 'nd ot+er t+an +s o8n. If t+e
s)bl'nal self can acE)re s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e at all1 t 'a" obtan
s)c+ 3no8led&e b" 'eans ot+er t+an tele$at+c '$ressons fro' ot+er
'nds. It 'a" ass'late ts s)$ernor'al n)tr'ent also b" a drecter
$rocesst 'a" de2o)r t not onl" coo3ed b)t ra8. Parallel 8t+ t+e
$ossbltes of rece$ton of s)c+ 3no8led&e fro' t+e nfl)ence of ot+er
e'boded or dse'boded 'nds les t+e $ossblt" of ts o8n clar2o"ant
$erce$ton1 or act2e absor$ton of so'e 3nd1 of facts l"n& ndefntel"
be"ond ts s)$ral'nal $)r2e8.
)(9 . !o81 as I +a2e sad1 t+e &reat 'aDort" of t+e n)ncat2e or
'essa&eCbearn& 'otor a)to'ats's or&nate n t+e a)to'atst5s o8n 'nd1
and do not n2ol2e t+e e#ercse of tele$at+" or telFst+esa1 or an" ot+er
s)$ernor'al fac)lt"G b)t t+e" ll)strate n 2aro)s 8a"s t+e coe#stence of
t+e s)bl'nal 8t+ t+e s)$ral'nal self1 ts 8der 'e'or"1 and ts
nde$endent ntell&ence.
I need not +ere ')lt$l" nstances of t+e s'$ler and co''oner for's
of t+s t"$e1 and I 8ll 'erel" E)ote n ll)straton t8o s+ort cases reco)nted
b" /r. -. %rt+)r ('t+ (a)t+or of The &rincipes o$ 8quity, and a 'e'ber
of t+e Co)ncl of t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+) 8+o +as +ad t+e
$atence to anal"se 'an" co'')ncatons t+ro)&+ Planc+ette.9
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. .;;.) /r. ('t+ and +s ne$+e8
$laced t+er +ands on t+e Planc+ette1 and a $)rel" fantastc na'e 8as &2en
as t+at of t+e co'')ncatn& a&enc".
+ii,GHG-
X. 6+ere dd "o) l2eW9 %. 6e'.9 T+s na'e 8as E)te )n3no8n to
an" of )s. I a' s)re t 8as to '"self1 and as s)re of t+e 8ord of t+e ot+ers as
of t+at of an" one I 3no8.
X. Is t decded 8+o s to be %rc+bs+o$ of Canterb)r"W9 %. Yes.9
X. 6+oW9 %. ,)r+a'.9 %s none of )s re'e'bered +s na'e1 8e
as3ed.
6+at s +s na'eW9 %. L&+tfoot.9 Of co)rse1 +o8 far t+e 'an
state'ent s correct1 I don5t 3no8. T+e c)rost" at t+e t'e rested n t+e fact
t+at t+e na'e 8as &2en 8+c+ none of )s co)ld recall1 b)t 8as fo)nd to be
r&+t.
!o81 t+s s D)st one of t+e cases 8+c+ a less 8ar" obser2er '&+t +a2e
bro)&+t for8ard as e2dence of s$rt a&enc". %n dentt"1 t 8o)ld be sad1
'anfested tself1 and &a2e an address 8+c+ none $resent +ad e2er +eard.
B)t I 2ent)re to sa" t+at t+ere cannot be an" real $roof t+at an ed)cated
$erson +as ne2er +eard of 6e'. % $er'anent recorded fact1 l3e t+e na'e
of a to8n 8+c+ s to be fo)nd (for nstance) n Brads+a85s G)de1 'a" at
an" 'o'ent +a2e been $resented to /r. ('t+5s e"e1 and +a2e fo)nd a
lod&'ent n +s s)bl'nal 'e'or".
('larl" n t+e ans8ers ,)r+a'9 and L&+tfoot9 8e are re'nded of
cases 8+ere n a drea' 8e as3 a E)eston 8t+ 22d c)rost"1 and are
astons+ed at t+e re$l"G 8+c+ ne2ert+eless $roceeds fro' ourseves as
)ndo)btedl" as does t+e nE)r". T+e $redcton n t+s case 8as 8ron&.
In t+e ne#t case1 alt+o)&+ t s $ossble t+at t+e lad"5s 'ental acton 'a"
+a2e contrb)ted1 as /r. ('t+ s)$$oses1 to t+e 2er" res)lt 8+c+ s+e so
lttle desred1 t+e 8ord 8rtten 'a" +a2e e'anated fro' t+e s)bl'nal self
of t+e #riter alone.
Apri .=th, *AA;.
Present-. %. ('t+ (%)1 R. %. -. Bc3fordC('t+ (B)1 anot+er
&entle'an (C)1 and t8o lades (, and E).
R.%.-.B.C(. +a2n&1 on $re2o)s occasons1 e#+bted consderable
a$tt)de for a)to'atc 8rtn& 8t+ a Planc+ette1 t 8as des&ned to a$$l"
t+s nstr)'ent as a 'eans of testn& t+e transference of t+o)&+ts. !o e#act
record +a2n& been 'ade at t+e t'e of t+e 8+ole of t+e res)lts obtaned1 t
8o)ld be of lttle ser2ce no8 to record solated nstances of s)ccess.
(o'et'es na'es t+o)&+t of 8ere correctl" re$rod)ced1 so'et'es notG b)t
t+e $ro$orton of s)ccesses to fal)res cannot no8 be acc)ratel" stated. T+e
follo8n& ncdent1 +o8e2er1 2er" ')c+ str)c3 )s at t+e t'e1 and see's
8ort+" of record.
O)r 'et+od of $roced)re at t+e t'e 8as as follo8sJC1 sttn& at one
end of t+e roo'1 8rote do8n a na'e of an a)t+or1 s+o8n& t to no one n
t+e roo'G B +ad +s +ands on t+e Planc+ette1 no one else ben& n contact
8t+ +' or t. C f#ed +s attenton on t+e 8rtten na'e1 and o)r des&n 8as
to see 8+et+er t+at na'e 8o)ld be 8rtten t+ro)&+ t+e 'ed)' of t+e
Planc+ette. T+e lades 8ere 'ean8+le se8n& n slence1 and ta3n& no $art
n t+e e#$er'ents. It +a$$ened t+at one of t+e lades +ad at t+e t'e1 o8n&
to so'e $anf)l fa'l" crc)'stances1 t+e na'e of a &entle'an (not +ii,
GHH- $resent) $anf)ll" '$ressed on +er 'nd. T+e na'e 8as not a
co''on one1 and t+o)&+ all $resent 3ne8 so'et+n& of t+e crc)'stances1
t+e" +ad not been 'entoned d)rn& t+e e2enn&1 and no one +ad 'entoned
t+e na'e n E)eston1 8+c+ 8e 8ll call Bolton.9 C t+en 8rote ,c3ens9
on +s $a$er1 and 8as 8lln&9 B 8t+ all +s '&+t to 8rte t+s1 8+en1 to
t+e s)r$rse of e2er" one1 Planc+ette ra$dl" 8rote Bolton.9 T+s 8as not
onl" s)r$rsn& to )s1 b)t $anf)lG and no co''ents 8ere 'ade at t+e t'e1
t+e s)bDect ben& c+an&ed as ra$dl" as $ossble. It 8o)ld a$$ear fro' t+s
t+at t+e effect of C5s 2oltonal concentraton 8as o2er'atc+ed b" t+e
ntenst" of t+e lad"5s t+o)&+t1 t+o)&+ not drected to t+e sa'e obDect.
-. %RT-:R (/IT-.
)30 . I E)ote n )30 A a 'ore co'$le# case (Clela9) f)rns+ed b" a
&entle'an 8+o' I t+ere call /r. %. It s a 2er" &ood nstance of t+e
ca$rco)s +alfCnonsense 8+c+ +as often been referred to t+e a&enc" of
s$rts. T+e nds$)table e2dence for co'$le# s)bl'nal 'entaton 8+c+
t+s case see's to 'e to f)rns+ les n t+e fact t+at +ere /r. %.5s $en 8rote
not onl" )nntell&ble abbre2atons1 b)t absol)te ana&ra's of sentencesG
ana&ra's1 ndeed1 of t+e cr)dest 3nd1 consstn& of 'ere trans$ostons of
letters1 b)t stll pu33es 8+c+ t+e 8rter +ad to set +'self to dec$+er ab
e0tra. T+e c+ances a&anst dra8n& a &ro)$ of letters at random 8+c+ 8ll
for' se2eral defnte 8ords and lea2e no letters o2er are1 of co)rse1 2er"
&reat.
)31 . I add anot+er case1 $recsel" $arallel 8t+ Clela19 8t+ 8+c+ t+e
late Professor (d&8c3 f)rns+ed 'e1 fro' +s o8n e#$erence 8t+ an
nt'ate frend. T+e acco)nt 8as 8rtten n *AA?.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. .?.)
T+e e#$erences 8+c+ I 'entoned to "o) as s'lar to t+ose descrbed
n "o)r $a$erso far as t+e 'ere effects of )nconsco)s cerebraton are
concernedocc)rred abo)t t8ent" "ears a&o. %n nt'ate frend of 'ne
8+o +ad nterested +'self so'e8+at n ($rt)als'1 and +ad read Rardec5s
boo31 dsco2ered al'ost b" accdent t+at +s +and co)ld 8rte1 8t+o)t an"
consco)s 2olton on +s $art1 8ords con2e"n& an ntell&ble 'eann&n
fact1 8+at $)r$orted to be co'')ncatons of de$arted s$rts. -e as3ed 'e
to co'e and sta" 8t+ +'1 n order to n2est&ate t+e $+eno'enonG +e +ad
been rat+er str)c3 b" so'e t+n&s n Rardec5s boo31 and 8as E)te ds$osed
to entertan t+e +"$ot+ess t+at t+e 8rtn& '&+t be d)e to so'et+n& 'ore
t+an )nconsco)s cerebraton1 f t s+o)ld t)rn o)t t+at t co)ld &2e acc)rate
nfor'aton on facts )n3no8n to +'. T+e e#$er'ents1 +o8e2er1 t+at 8e
'ade n order to test t+s al8a"s faled to s+o8 an"t+n& n t+e state'ents
8rtten do8n t+at '&+t not +a2e been d)e to t+e 8or3n& of +s o8n branG
and at t+e end of '" 2st 8e 8ere bot+ a&reed t+at t+ere 8as no &ro)nd for
attrb)tn& t+e $+eno'enon to an" ot+er ca)se b)t )nconsco)s cerebraton.
%t t+e sa'e t'e 8e 8ere contn)all" s)r$rsed b" e2dences of t+e e#tent
to 8+c+ +s )nconsco)s self 8as able to $)NNle +s consco)s 'nd. %s a
r)le1 +e 3ne8 8+at +e 8as 8rtn&1 t+o)&+ +e 8rote n2ol)ntarl"G b)t fro'
t'e to t'e +e )sed to for' 8ords or conD)nctons of letters 8+c+ 8e 8ere
)nable to 'a3e o)t at frst1 t+o)&+ t+e" +ad a 'eann& 8+c+ 8e )lt'atel"
dsco2ered. +ii,GHI- T+)s one e2enn&1 D)st as 8e 8ere abo)t to brea3 )$1
t+e ca$tal letters R-%IRETE 8ere 8rttenG t+er 'eann& 8ll not be
obsc)re to "o)1 b)t t so +a$$ened t+at t dd not at frst occ)r to )s t+at R -
re$resented t+e Gree3 1 so t+at 8e +ad no dea 8+at t+e letters 'eant1 and
tred 2aro)s sol)tons tll t+e tr)e s&nfcaton (4are8ell9) s)ddenl"
flas+ed )$on '" 'nd. On anot+er occason I as3ed a E)eston of t+e
s)$$osed co'')ncatn& ntell&ence1 and reE)ested t+at t+e ans8er '&+t
be &2en n Ger'an1 a lan&)a&e 8+c+ '" frend 8as )nable to read or
8rte1 t+o)&+ +e +ad learnt to s$ea3 one or t8o 8ords 8+le tra2elln& n t+e
co)ntr". -s +and $roceeded to 8rte 8+at 8as a$$arentl" one lon& 8ord1
8+c+ see'ed to +' absol)tel" 8t+o)t 'eann&G b)t 8+en I ca'e to read
t I co)ld see t+at t 8as co'$osed of a n)'ber of Ger'an 8ords1 t+o)&+
$)t to&et+er 8t+o)t $ro$er &ra''atcal ter'natonsG and t+at t+ese 8ords
suggestedt+o)&+ t+e" co)ld +ardl" be sad to convey8+at 8o)ld +a2e
been a $ro$er and s&nfcant ans8er to '" E)eston. T+e 8ords 8ere all
co''on 8ords1 s)c+ as +e '&+t +a2e +eard n con2ersatonG and 8+en I
+ad se$arated t+e'1 and told +' t+er 'eann&1 +e see'ed fantl" to
reco&nse so'e of t+e'.
(o'et'es1 a&an1 8+en 8e tred to &et correct nfor'aton as to facts
)n3no8n to et+er of )s1 t+e res)lt 8as c)ro)s as s+o8n& an a$$arentl"
elaborate atte'$t on t+e $art of '" frend5s )nconsco)s self to dece2e +s
consco)s self. I re'e'ber 5e.g.6 t+at one n&+t 8e &ot 8rtten do8n 8+at
$)r$orted to be t+e frst sentence n a leadn& artcle of t+e Times t+at +ad
D)st been 8rtten and 8o)ld a$$ear ne#t 'ornn&. T+e sentence 8as n t+e
fa'lar st"le of Prntn& -o)se (E)areG b)t I need not sa" t+at 8+en 8e
ca'e do8n to brea3fast ne#t 'ornn& 8e dd not fnd t n t+e $rnted
col)'ns. /" frend ''edatel" $laced +s +and on a $ece of $a$erG and
t+ere ca'e1 n2ol)ntarl" 8rtten n t+e )s)al 8a"1 a lon& r&'arole of
e#$lanaton to t+e effect t+at t+e artcle or&nall" 8rtten1 contann& t+e
sentence t+at 8e +ad &ot t+e n&+t before1 +ad been cancelled at t+e last
'o'ent b" t+e edtor n conseE)ence of so'e )ne#$ected $oltcal
e#&enc"1 and anot+er artcle +astl" s)bstt)ted. %nd s'larl" n ot+er
cases 8+en state'ents n2ol)ntarl" 8rtten 8ere ascertaned to be false1
e#$lanatons 8ere 8rtten e#+btn& t+e 3nd of n&en)t" 8+c+ a farl"
n2ent2e +oa#er '&+t s+o8 8+en dr2en nto a corner.
If I +ad not +ad absol)te relance on '" frend5s bona $ides, I '&+t +a2e
s)$$osed t+at +e 8as '"stf"n& 'eG b)t I co)ld not do)bt t+at +s c)rost"
as to t+e res)lt of t+e e#$er'ents 8as &reater t+an 'ne1 and t+at +e +ad no
consco)s desre to 'a3e 'e bele2e t+at t+e $+eno'enon 8as an"t+n&
'ore t+an t+e res)lt of )nconsco)s cerebraton.
I a' sorr" t+at t+e notes I too3 at t+e t'e +a2e been destro"edG b)t I
+a2e no do)bt t+at 8+at I +a2e D)st 8rtten s acc)ratel" re'e'bered.
I +a2e sad t+at t+e 8rter )s)all" 3ne8 8+at +e 8as 8rtn&. T+s 8as
not t+e case n +s frst trals1 8+en t+e 8rtn& ca'e n an abr)$t1 Der3"1 and
rre&)lar 8a"1 and +e rarel" 3ne8 8+at +e +ad 8rtten tll +e loo3ed at t.
B)t after t+e frst fe8 trals1 t+e flo8 of )nconsco)s acton beca'e e2en
and stead"1 l3e t+at of ordnar" consco)s +and8rtn&G and t+en +e
&enerall"t+o)&+ not al8a"s3ne8 D)st before eac+ 8ord 8as 8rtten
8+at t 8o)ld beG so t+at 8+en t+e state'ents 'ade 8ere entrel" contrar"
to o)r e#$ectatonas 8as often t+e case+s s)r$rse )sed to co'e D)st
before t+e 8ord 8as act)all" 8rtten.
-. (I,G6ICR.
+ii,GHJ-
)3( . T+e cases of a)to'atc 8rtn& t+)s far &2en +a2e s+o8n )s an
nde$endent act2t" of t+e s)bl'nal self +oldn& colloE)es 8t+ t+e
s)$ral'nalG b)t t+e" +a2e s+o8n )s not+n& 'ore. Yet 8e s+all fnd1 f 8e
&o on acc)')latn& nstances of t+e sa'e &eneral t"$e1 t+at traces of
telFst+esa and tele$at+" be&n nsensbl" to s+o8 t+e'sel2esG not at frst
8t+ a dstnctness or a $ersstence s)ffcent for act)al $roof1 b)t D)st n t+e
sa'e &rad)al 8a" n 8+c+ ndcatons of s)$ernor'al fac)lt" stole n a'd
t+e dsnte&raton of s$lt $ersonaltesG or n 8+c+ ndcatons of so'e
clar2o"ant o)tloo3 stole n a'd t+e nco+erence of drea'. /an" of t+ese
fant ndcatons1 2al)eless1 as I +a2e sad1 for $)rel" e2dental $)r$oses1
are ne2ert+eless of ')c+ t+eoretcal nterest1 as s+o8n& +o8 near s t+e
s)bl'nal self to t+at re&on of s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e 8+c+ for t+e
s)$ral'nal s so defntel" closed.
/r. (c+ller5s case1 &2en n )3( A1 s a &ood e#a'$le of t+ese obsc)re
transtons bet8een nor'al and s)$ernor'al1 and ntrod)ces )s to se2eral
$+eno'ena 8+c+ 8e s+all after8ards fnd rec)rrn& a&an and a&an n
nde$endent E)arters. ,ra'atsaton of fctto)s $ersonaltes1 for nstance1
8+c+ for's so 'ar3ed a feat)re n Professor 4lo)rno"5s celebrated case (to
be cted later1 )3+K)+() be&ns n t+s seres of e#$er'ents1 cond)cted
t+ro)&+o)t 8t+ a $)rel" scentfc a'1 and 8t+ no sort of belef n t+e
'a&nar" Ir3to'ar9 and t+e rest. It see's as t+o)&+ t+s obDect2aton of
t"$es9 8ere $art of a ro'ance 8+c+ so'e nscr)table b)t c+lds+ +)'orst
8as bent on 'a3n& )$. T+e cr"$to'nesa9 s+o8n n t+s case t+ro)&+ t+e
re$rod)cton of scra$s of old 4renc+ 8t+ 8+c+ t+e a)to'atst +ad no
consco)s acE)antance1 reac+ed a $ont at 8+c+ (as a&an n Professor
4lo)rno"5s case) one s al'ost dr2en to s)s$ect t+at t 8as aded b" so'e
sl&+t clar2o"ance on t+e $art of t+e s)bl'nal self.
I s)bDon n )3( B a 'edae2al case 8+ere t+e fctto)s $ersonaltes
t+o)&+ ra'$ant as alle&ed de2ls1 n t+at ro)&+er a&e+a2e no 'ore realt"
t+an t+e 'lder -elod9 or Ir3to'ar.9
)33 . T+e ne#t case 8+c+ I s+all E)ote co'bnes 2aro)s 'otor
a)to'ats's n a 2er" )n)s)al 8a". I &2e t at len&t+ n t+e te#t1 $artl" on
acco)nt of ts stran&eness and $artl" n deference to t+e +&+ scentfc
a)t+ort" on 8+c+ I rece2ed t.
T+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' an artcle b" ,r. %. T. /"ers and '"self
(alread" referred to1 see ,**) n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. *A..
T+e 8rter of t+e follo8n& narrat2e s a $+"scan occ)$"n& an
'$ortant scentfc $ost on t+e Contnent of E)ro$e. -e s 3no8n to )s b"
corres$ondence and t+ro)&+ a co''on frend+'self a savant of
E)ro$ean re$)taton8+o +as tal3ed t+e case o2er 8t+ ,r. 0. and +s
8fe1 and +as read t+e state'ent 8+c+ 8e no8 translate and abbre2ate. 6e
are bo)nd to conceal ,r. 0.5s dentt"1 and e2en +s co)ntr"G nor s t+s
)nreasonable1 snce t+e bi3arrerie of t+e ncdents to be recorded 8o)ld be
felt as &reatl" o)t of $lace n +s act)al scentfc s)rro)ndn&s. +ii,GHK- T+e
,r. V. 8+o +ere a$$ears n t+e so'e8+at d)bo)s c+aracter of a
'es'ersn& s$rt1 8as also1 as t +a$$ens1 a savant of E)ro$ean re$)te1 and
a $ersonal frend of ,r. 0.5s.
/'e. 0. s a lad" +ealt+" n bod" and 'nd1 8ellCbalanced1 of so)nd
D)d&'ent1 stron& co''on sense1 and a cal' and fr' c+aracterG s+e s
c+artable 8t+o)t e#cessG s not s)sce$tble to flatter"1 nor &2en to
ent+)sas'G s+e detests false+ood and d)$lct" and ab+ors nD)stce. (+e
+as ne2er +ad an" one of t+ose sero)s 'alades1 s)c+ as 'enn&ts1 t"$+od
fe2er1 &c.1 8+c+ are a$t to lea2e traces on t+e ner2o)s s"ste'. !or +as s+e
s)ffered fro' an" ner2o)s co'$lant. (+e s t+e 2er" o$$oste of 8+at
8o)ld be ter'ed a ner2o)s or +"stercal s)bDect. (+e s sensbl" affected b"
acco)nts of +)'an 8oes1 es$ecall" a'on& c+ldrenG b)t s)c+ sensblt" b"
no 'eans e#$lans t+e accesses of 2olent la)&+ter 8+c+ I +a2e re'ar3ed n
+er snce t+e co''ence'ent of t+e seres of e2ents to be no8 related. T+ese
accesses1 8+c+ +a2e not+n& n co''on 8t+ t+e +"stercal crses 8+c+
t+e" s)$erfcall" rese'ble1 are al8a"s ca)sed b" so'e e#traordnar"
co'')ncaton e'anatn& fro' an occ)lt ntell&ence.
In (e$te'ber *A@>1 8+le 8e 8ere sta"n& n t+e co)ntr"1 /'e. 0.
s$raned +er r&+t foot on a 2er" dar3 n&+t. % fortn&+t after o)r ret)rn to /
t+e foot 8as al'ost 8ellG b)t s+ortl" after8ards I fell ll1 and /'e. 0.
)nder8ent ')c+ fat&)e n n)rsn& 'e. T+e nD)red foot t+en beca'e
nfla'ed and $anf)lG and t+e left foot also beca'e $anf)l. 4or all t+at
8nter /'e. 0. 8as obl&ed to le )$1 t+e foot ben& 3e$t fro' all
'o2e'ent b" $laster or slcate dressn&s. T+s treat'ent 8as )lt'atel"
abandonedG t+e foot 8as s'$l" bo)nd )$ and cr)tc+es )sed. T+ere 8as
nfla''aton of t+e tss)es of se2eral of t+e Donts of t+e r&+t foot1 and 8e
8ere sero)sl" alar'ed.
%t t+s $ont certan frends tal3ed to /'e. 0. abo)t t+e alle&ed facts of
($rts'1 of 8+c+ )ntl t+at date s+e +ad +ad a 2er" 2a&)e noton. T+e"
$rased t+e benefcent nter2enton of s$rts n dseaseG b)t +ad ')c+
dffc)lt" n nd)cn& +er to ad't t+e 'ere $ossblt" of facts of t+s
nat)re. I can affr'1 t+erefore1 t+at t 8as onl" 8t+ &reat dffc)lt" t+at
t+ese frends s)cceeded n 2anE)s+n& /'e. 0.5s sce$tcs'8+c+ 8as
'oreo2er s)$$orted b" '" o8n obDectons to ($rts'and at last
$ers)aded +er to s)b't +erself to t+e acton of t+e n2sbles. T+e s$rtC
&)de of a &ro)$ of 8+c+ one of o)r frends 8as a 'e'ber ad2sed t+e
nter2enton of t+e (s$rt)Cdoctor V. % da" 8as arran&ed 8+en ,r. V. 8as to
2st /'e. 0.1 and s+e 8as nfor'ed of t+e date. O8n& to ot+er
$reocc)$atons 8e co'$letel" for&ot t+s rende3vous. On t+e da" na'edt
8as n %$rl *A@*,r. V. anno)nced +'self b" ra$s n t+e table. Onl"
t+en dd 8e recollect t+e rende3vous a&reed )$on. I as3ed ,r. V. +s o$non
on t+e nat)re of t+e nD)r" to /'e. 0.5s foot. B" tlts of t+e table1 t+ro)&+
/'e. 0.5s 'ed)'s+$1 +e &a2e t+e 8ord t)berc)loss.9 -e 'eant t+at
t+ere 8as t)berc)loss of t+e Donts1 and of t+s t+ere +ad been so'e
ndcatons. -ad /'e. 0. been $reds$osed to t)bercle I do)bt not t+at t+s
8o)ld +a2e s)$er2ened. Personall"1 I ')c+ feared t+s co'$lcaton1 and
,r. V.5s ans8er (as I at once t+o)&+t) '&+t 8ell be t+e 'ere reflecton of
'" fears. It left 'e no 'ore an#o)s t+an before. 6e no8 3no8 t+at t+ere
8as n fact no t)berc)loss. In an" case1 ,r. V. ordered a 'erel" soot+n&
re'ed"1 s)l$+)r ont'ent. (o'e da"s later1 at o)r reE)est1 ,r. V.
rea$$eared and $ro'sed to )nderta3e t+e c)re of /'e. 0.5s feetG 8arnn&
)s1 +o8e2er1 t+at +ii,GHL- t+ere 8o)ld ne2er be a restt)to ad nte&r)'19
b)t t+at t+e $atent 8o)ld be )neE)al to lon& 8al3s1 and 8o)ld s)ffer 'ore
or less fro' +er feet n da'$ 8eat+er8+c+ +as $ro2ed to be t+e case.
I co'e no8 to t+e $+eno'ena1 'anl" s)bDect2e1 8+c+ /'e. 0.5s case
be&an to $resent. On %)&)st *=t+1 *A@*1 t+e $atent felt for t+e frst t'e a
)nE)e sensaton1 acco'$aned b" for'caton and sense of 8e&+t n t+e
lo8er l'bs1 es$ecall" n t+e feet. T+s sensaton &rad)all" s$read o2er t+e
rest of t+e bod"1 and 8+en t reac+ed t+e ar's1 t+e +ands and forear's
be&an to rotate. T+ese $+eno'ena rec)rred after dnner e2er" e2enn&1 as
soon as t+e $atent 8as E)et n +er ar'Cc+ar. %t t+s $ont t+e 0. fa'l"
8ent nto t+e co)ntr" to R1 and at t+at $lace t+e 'anfestatons too3
$lace t8ce dal" for so'e *? or .> 'n)tes. :s)all" t+e $atent $laced +er
t8o +ands on a table. T+e feeln& of 'a&netsaton9 t+en be&an n t+e feet1
8+c+ be&an to rotate1 and t+e )$$er $arts of t+e bod" &rad)all" s+ared n
t+e sa'e 'o2e'ent. %t a certan $ont1 t+e +ands a)to'atcall" detac+ed
t+e'sel2es fro' t+e table b" s'all1 &rad)al s+oc3s1 and at t+e sa'e t'e t+e
ar's ass)'ed a tetanc r&dt" so'e8+at rese'bln& catale$s". On one
occason 8+en t+ese sensatons +ad been stron&l" 'ar3ed1 and t+e $atent
+ad felt t+e 8+ole of t+e )$$er $art of +er bod" stffened1 s+e 8ent to bed
and sa8 n t+e dar3 an ntense l&+t 8+c+ lasted for se2eral 'n)tes and
t+en &rad)all" dsa$$eared.
T+ree 8ee3s after t+e fa'l"5s ret)rn to / t+e $+eno'ena c+an&ed
n c+aracter1 and &aned n nterest. T+e $atent +ad be&)n to be able to 8al3
8t+o)t ')c+ dffc)lt"G b)t all forced and 2ol)ntar" 'o2e'ent of t+e foot
8as stll $anf)l1 alt+o)&+ 8+en t+e 'o2e'ent 8as ntated b" t+e occ)lt
a&enc" no $an 8+ate2er 8as felt. One e2enn&1 after t+e )s)al sUance1 t+e
$atent felt +er +ead 'o2e a&anst +er 8ll. %n ntell&ent nterco)rse 8as
t+)s set )$ bet8een t+e $atent and t+e )nseen a&ent or a&ents. T+e +ead
nodded once for Yes19 t8ce for !o19 t+ree t'es for a stron& affr'aton.
T+ese 'o2e'ents 8ere so'et'es s)dden and 2olent eno)&+ to ca)se
so'et+n& l3e $an. 6ords and $+rases co)ld1 of co)rse1 be s$elt o)t n t+s
8a". T+s for' of corres$ondence +as ne2er 8+oll" ceasedG alt+o)&+ t+e
ntenst" of t+e $+eno'enon +as no8 ')c+ d'ns+ed. T+e occ)lt a&ent
no8 '$resses one or ot+er of /'e. 0.5s +ands 8t+ 'o2e'ents 8+c+
trace n t+e ar t+e for' of letters of t+e al$+abetGa $lan 8+c+ 8or3s 8ell
and E)c3l".
/'e. 0. s also a 8rtn& 'ed)'G and t+s $o8er frst s+o8ed tself n
a stran&e 8a" d)rn& t+e sta" n t+e co)ntr" of 8+c+ I +a2e alread" s$o3en.
(+e 8as 8rtn& a letter one da"1 8t+ no t+o)&+t of t+ese )nseen a&ences1
8+en s)ddenl" s+e felt +er +and c+ec3ed. 6arned b" a s$ecal sensaton1
s+e stll +eld t+e $en. -er +and $laced tself on a s+eet of $a$er and be&an
ra$dl" to 8rte alar'n& $redctons. T+e 8rtn&s retaned t+s tone onl"
for a fe8 +o)rsG and soon t+e co'')ncatons beca'e tr2al n c+aracter1
and1 sa2e n so'e e#ce$tonal nstances1 +a2e snce re'aned so.
%not+er $+eno'enon follo8ed s+ortl" after8ards. One da" /'e. 0.
felt +erself lfted 8t+ force fro' +er ar'Cc+ar and co'$elled to stand
)$r&+t. -er feet and +er 8+ole bod" t+en e#ec)ted a s"ste'atc calst+enc
e#ercse1 n 8+c+ all t+e 'o2e'ents 8ere re&)lated and 'ade r+"t+'c
8t+ fns+ed art. T+s 8as rene8ed on follo8n& da"s1 and to8ards t+e end
of eac+ $erfor'anceso'et'es of an +o)r5s or t8o +o)rs5 d)ratont+e
'o2e'ents acE)red e#tre'e ener&". /'e. 0. +as ne2er +ad t+e s'allest
noton of c+a'berC&"'nastcs1 (8eds+ or ot+er8se1 and t+ese 'o2e'ents
8o)ld +a2e been 2er" $anf)l and fat&)n& +ad s+e atte'$ted t+e' of +er
o8n 8ll. Yet at t+e end +ii,GHM- of eac+ $erfor'ance s+e 8as net+er
fat&)ed nor o)t of breat+. %ll 8as &on& 8ell1 and ,r. V. +ad anno)nced
t+at +encefort+ +s attentons 8o)ld not be needed1 8+en ne#t da" a sn&)lar
accdent t+re8 e2er"t+n& bac3. /'e. 0. +ad 'o)nted 8t+ &reat
$reca)ton )$on a lo8 c+ar 8t+ fo)r le&s and a lar&e base of s)$$ort to
ta3e an obDect fro' a 8ardrobe. 7)st as s+e 8as abo)t to descend1 t+e c+ar
8as 2olentl" snatc+ed fro' )nder +er feet and $)s+ed to a dstance. /'e.
0. fell on t+e dseased foot1 and t+e c)re +ad to be&n a&an. LIn a
s)bseE)ent letter ,r. 0. e#$lans t+at b" /'e. 0.5s acco)nt t+s 'o2e'ent
8as dstnctl" d)e to an invisibe $orce/ no nat)ral sl$$n& of t+e c+ar.M
/'e. 0. 8as acc)sto'ed to banda&e +er o8n foot e2er" 'ornn&. One
da" s+e 8as astons+ed to feel +er +ands seNed and &)ded b" an occ)lt
force. 4ro' t+at da" on8ards t+e banda&n& 8as done accordn& to all t+e
r)les of t+e art1 and 8t+ a $erfecton 8+c+ 8o)ld +a2e done credt to t+e
'ost s3lf)l s)r&eon of et+er +e's$+ere. %lt+o)&+ 2er" adrot 8t+ +er
+ands1 /'e. 0. +ad ne2er +ad occason to $ractse n)rsn& or to st)d"
'nor s)r&er"1 "et t+e banda&es t+)s automaticay a$$led 8ere
rre$roac+able1 and 8ere ad'red b" e2er" one. 6+en /'e. 0. 8s+ed to
rene8 t+e banda&es1 s+e $laced t+e str$s all rolled )$ )$on a table 8t+n
reac+ of +er +and1 and +er +and t+en a)to'atcall" too3 t+e banda&e 8+c+
best s)ted t+e occ)lt o$eraton.
/'e. 0. s acc)sto'ed to arran&e +er o8n +ar. One 'ornn& s+e sad
la)&+n&l"1 I 8s+ t+at a Co)rt +ardresser 8o)ld do '" +ar for 'eG '"
ar's are tred.9 %t once s+e felt +er +ands actn& a)to'atcall"1 and 8t+ no
fat&)e for +er ar's1 8+c+ see'ed to be +eld )$G and t+e res)lt 8as a
co'$lcated coi$$ure, 8+c+ n no 8a" rese'bled +er )s)al s'$le 'ode of
arran&e'ent.
T+e oddest of all t+ese a)to'atc $+eno'ena conssted n e#tre'el"
&racef)l &est)res 8+c+ /'e. 0. 8as ca)sed to e#ec)te 8t+ +er ar's
&est)res as t+o)&+ of e2ocaton or adoraton of so'e 'a&nar" d2nt"1 or
&est)res of benedcton. 6+en t+e occ)lt a&ent $laced +er before t+e $ortrat
of +er son 8+o' s+e lost f2e "ears a&o t+e scene beca'e reall" affectn&1
and 'o2ed /'e. 0. +erself to tears. T+e fe8 $ersons 8+o 8tnessed t+s
s$ectacle are a&reed t+at t 8as 8ort+" of t+e $o8ers of t+e &reatest actress.
Of s)c+ a &ft /'e. 0. +as not+n&G +er nat)re s s'$le and fran31 b)t cold
rat+er t+an de'onstrat2e.
%t t+e Pars E#+bton of *AA@ /'e. 0. once sa8 t+e 7a2anese
dance19 consstn& of r+"t+'c 'otons of t+e bod" 8t+ contortons of t+e
ar's. T+e occ)lt a&ents ca)sed +er to re$eat t+s dance se2eral t'es 8t+
$erfect e#ec)ton.
L,sl3n& t+ese $+eno'ena1M /'e. 0. +as tred 2er" +ard to free +erself
fro' t+s control1 and +as to a &reat e#tent s)cceeded1 b" t+e )se of cold
8ater1 b" stron&l" resstn& all co'')ncatons1 and b" $asses of
dsen&a&e'ent9 e#ec)ted b" a +"$notser. LT+s +as red)ced t+e $+eno'ena
al'ost entrel" to a)to'atc 8rtn&1 8+c+1 t+o)&+ 2a&)e or fantastc 8+en
dealn& 8t+ ordnar" to$cs1 s $recse and ntell&ent on 'edcal
E)estons.M
T+)s far t+e $+eno'ena recorded +a2e been $)rel" s)bDect2eG n t+ose
8+c+ follo8 t+ere s so'et+n& obDect2e also. 6+en one +as t+e +ono)r to
be treated b" a $+"scan of ,r. V.5s celebrt" (Z) ordnar" 3ndness bds one
so'et'es t+n3 of beneftn& one5s ne&+bo)r. One of t+e offcals of '"
de$art'ent +ad s)ffered for 'an" "ears fro' $le)rod"na1 8+c+
occasonall" lad +' )$ alto&et+er1 and also fro' freE)ent attac3s of sc3
+eadac+e. ,r. V. 8as cons)lted and $rescrbed an nternal treat'ent 8+c+1
to '" &reat s)r$rse1 conssted 'anl" of dos'etrc &ran)les9 L8+c+ t+s
&reat offcal s)r&eon +ad +ii,GHN- not n +s lfet'e e'$lo"edM. -e also
ca)sed /'e. 0. to $erfor' $asses of dsen&a&e'ent9 for ten or ffteen
'n)tes at a t'e. It 8as notceable t+at 8+le t+ese $asses 8ere 'ade 8t+
e#tre'e 2olence1 /'e. 0.5s +ands 8ere arrested at t+e dstance of a
'll'etre at 'ost fro' t+e $atent5s face1 8t+o)t e2er to)c+n& +' n t+e
least. /'e. 0. co)ld ne2er of +erself +a2e &2en to +er 'o2e'ents s)c+ a
de&ree of $recson. 4or t8o "ears no8 t+e $atent +as felt no 'ore of +s
$le)rod"na1 and +s migraine s1 f not alto&et+er c)red1 at least &reatl"
red)ced.
One da"I s)$$ose b" 8a" of a Do3e,r. V.1 after one of t+ese
sUances1 $)rs)ed t+e $atent 8t+ +s nfl)ence as +e 8al3ed +o'e1 and
'ade +' e#ec)te 8t+ +s +ands 2aro)s &est)res and contortons 8+c+
dre8 t+e attenton of $assersCb".
%not+er t'e o)r ser2ant %.1 8+ose +)sband 8as ll n +os$tal1 ca'e
cr"n& to /'e. 0. and told +er t+at s+e +ad lost all +o$e of e2er seen& +'
c)red1 &c. /'e. 0. as3ed ,r. V. to ta3e +' n +and. -e $ro'sed to do so1
and sad t+at +e 8o)ld 'a3e +' feel +s $resence. !e#t 'ornn& %. 8ent to
t+e +os$tal and fo)nd +er +)sband n des$ar. Loo3 +ere19 +e sad1
besdes 8+at I +ad alread"1 I a' falln& nto a ner2o)s 'alad". I +a2e been
s+a3en abo)t all n&+t'" ar's and le&s +a2e e#ec)ted 'o2e'ents 8+c+
I co)ld not control.9 %. be&an to la)&+1 and told +er +)sband t+at ,r. V. +ad
ta3en +' n +and1 and t+at +e 8o)ld soon &et 8ell. T+e $atent s &on&
abo)t as )s)al toda"1 and s as 8ell as an nc)rable $)l'onar" affecton
allo8s +' to be.
:nder ot+er crc)'stances I +a2e '"self cons)lted ,r. V. as to $atents
)nder '" $rofessonal care. On eac+ occason +e +as &2en a $recse
da&noss and +as ndcated a treat'ent1 consstn& 'anl" of dos'etrc
&ran)les1 so'et'es assocated 8t+ ot+er treat'ent. T+ese facts +a2e been
re$eated 'an" t'es1 and I o8e &reat &ratt)de to ,r. V. for t+e ad2ce
8+c+ +e +as &2en 'e. -s $rescr$tons 8ere al8a"s ratonalG and 8+en I
s+o8ed fears as to certan doses 8+c+ a$$eared to 'e too lar&e1 +e too3
$ans to reass)re 'e1 b)t st)c3 to +s $rescr$tons. I +a2e ne2er +ad to
re$ent +a2n& follo8ed t+e ad2ce of '" e'nent collea&)e n t+e ot+er
8orldG and I a' bo)nd to state dstnctl" t+at e2er" t'e t+at a 'edcal
E)eston +as been s)b'tted to +' t+e re$les and ad2ce of ,r. V. +a2e
been of an astons+n& clearness and $recson. I cannot sa" t+e sa'e of
co'')ncatons obtaned on ot+er s)bDects1 n 8+c+ +e see'ed to ta3e a
'alco)s $leas)re n leadn& )s 8ron&. -eor so'e one else+as often
anno)nced to )s1 8t+ 'n)te and nt'ate detal1 t+e deat+s of $ersons
3no8n to )sG 8+o 8ere fo)nd on nE)r" to be al2e and 8ell. Lastl"1 I &2e
a detal 8+c+ tends to $ro2e t+e realt" of t+s occ)lt 'a&netsaton. /'e.
0. +as often seen t8o l)'no)s ra"s $roDected )$on +er feet d)rn& t+e
sUances of 8+c+ I +a2e s$o3en abo2e. T+e ra"s 8ere n2sble n f)ll l&+t1
and n co'$lete dar3ness1 b)t 8ere seen n $artal obsc)rt"1 and rese'bled
ra"s of t+e s)n $assn& t+ro)&+ s'all o$enn&s nto a dar3 roo'. If t+s 8as
a +all)cnaton1 t 8as s+ared on t8o occasons b" t+e +"$notser of 8+o' I
+a2e alread" s$o3en. I '"self ne2er sa8 t+e ra"s1 8+c+ 'a" be co'$ared
8t+ t+ose sad to +a2e been seen b" so'na'b)lsts and ot+er senst2es as
e'anatn& )nder certan crc)'stances fro' t+e +)'an fra'e.
In re$l" to nE)res ,r. 0. adds t+e follo8n& re'ar3sJ
It s not '$ossble t+at /'e. 0. s+o)ld +a2e at so'e t'e +eard '"self
or ot+ers $rono)nce t+e na'es of t+e 'edca'ents $rescrbed. B)t 8+en
s+e +ii,GHO- &a2e 'e an e#act da&noss1 and for')lated n detal a ratonal
treat'ent1 I a' s)re t+at t+s dd not co'e fro' +er o8n 'nd. (+e +as
ne2er st)ded an" branc+ of 'edcnenet+er t+e t+era$e)tc art tself1 nor
t+e 'nor art of co'$osn& for')lae. !or co)ld I +a2e been actn&
s)&&est2el"1 snce '" o8n deas 8ere often E)te dfferent fro' t+ose
8+c+ t+e occ)lt a&ent dctatedG )nless1 ndeed1 '" )nconsco)s self acted
)$on /'e. 0.5s consco)sness1 8+c+ see's to 'e a so'e8+at too
elaborate 2e8.
T+e dos'etrc &ran)les are a con2enent 'ode of ad'nstern&
al3alods1 &l"cosdes1 and ot+er to#c $rnc$les1 and I +a2e often been
alar'ed at t+e doses 8+c+ ,r. V. $rescrbed. I confess t+at I 8as astons+ed
to fnd t+at an occ)lt a&ent 8+o t+)s cla'ed to be a b"&one Professor
s+o)ld +a2e selected a for' of 'edcaton on 8+c+ t+e 4ac)lt" loo3 8t+
no a$$ro2n& e"e.
%s to /'e. 0.5s foot1 I +a2e a $irm conviction t+at t 8as +ealed b" t+e
r+"t+'cal 'o2e'ents '$osed1 and b" t+e 'a&netsaton9 of t+e occ)lt
a&ent.
Yo) as3 'e 8+et+er I consder t+ese a&ents as belon&n& to t+e +)'an
t"$e. Pro2sonall"1 YesG )nless 8e ad't t+at t+ere e#sts1 s)$er$osed )$on
o)r 8orld1 anot+er 8orld of ben&s dstnct fro' +)'ant"1 b)t 3no8n& t
and st)d"n& t as 8e st)d" t+e ot+er re&ons of nat)re1 and ass)'n& for t+e
sa3e of a')se'ent or for so'e ot+er 'ot2e t+e rEe of o)r de$arted
frends.
,r. 0. concl)des 8t+ 8arnn&s a&anst t+e dan&ers of s)c+ nfl)ence or
$ossessonG dan&ers 8+c+ +e t+n3s t+at /'e. 0. a2oded b" +er cal'ness
of te'$era'ent and resol)te 'antenance of selfCcontrol.
T+e savant alread" 'entoned as ntrod)cn& )s to t+s case sends )s
(/a"1 *A@;) t+e follo8n& corroborat2e state'ent. -e s1 t 'a" be
obser2ed1 +'self a $+"scan.
I +a2e freE)entl" seen /'e. 0. 4or t+e last "ear or t8o s+e +as +ad no
'ore $+eno'enaG b)t abo)t t8o "ears a&o s+e $resented so'e c)ro)s
s"'$to's. In t+e frst $lace1 8+en s+e con2ersed 8t+ t+e late ,r. V.1 +er
soCcalled 'a&netser1 +s re$les 8ere 'ade b" 'o2e'ents of +er +ead. (+e
8o)ld seat +erself n an ar'Cc+ar1 and accordn& as ,r. V. 8s+ed to sa"
"es or no1 t+ere 8ere et+er t8o or t+ree bac38ard 'o2e'ents of +er +ead.
-er +ead t+re8 tself bac38ards 8t+ force1 and &a2e a 2&oro)s blo8 to t+e
c+arbac3. T+s 'o2e'ent 8as so'et'es so 2olent t+at t+e s+oc3 8as
$anf)l1 so t+at /'e. 0. cred o)t at t+e s+ar$ness of t+e blo8s. Lon&
sentences co)ld t+)s be &2en1 for 8+en t+e al$+abet 8as s$elt o)t t+ere
8ere 'o2e'ents and blo8s &2en 8t+ t+e +ead1 D)st as n ordnar"
($rtstc con2ersatons t+ere are tlts of t+e table. Often1 also1 8+le one
8as tal3n& 8t+ /'e. 0.1 t+ere 8ere 'o2e'ents of +er +ead1 ndcatn&
t+at t+e soCcalled ,r. V. 8as ta3n& $art n t+e dsc)sson1 and a$$ro2n& or
dsa$$ro2n& s)c+ and s)c+ a $+rase. /ore rarel"1 /'e. 0. 8o)ld
)nconsco)sl" artc)late a fe8 8ords 8t+ +er l$s1 and t+ese 8ords 8ere
$rofessedl" dctated b" ,r. V. %s to t+e ot+er $+eno'ena1 I +a2e t8ce been
$resent at t+e a'$le1 se'Cecstatc 'o2e'ents of sal)taton and $ra"er
8+c+ /'e. 0. 'ade a&anst +er 8ll. It 8as a c)ro)s sceneG for /'e. 0.
$reser2ed +er consco)sness all t+e t'e and contn)ed to tal3 to )s 8+le
e#ec)tn& t+s stran&e and co'$lcated ''cr". It s to be obser2ed t+at
/'e. 0. s a $erson of cal' nat)re1 and rat+er a$at+etc t+an +ii,GIP-
ner2o)s. (+e +as stron& co''onsense1 s +ealt+"1 and reasonable n
c+aracter. It see's t+at s+e ne2er +ad an" $re2o)s +all)cnaton. (+e s an
e#cellent 'ot+er of a fa'l"1 and deser2edl" enDo"s &eneral confdence and
estee'.
,r. 0. sent )s t8o of t+e $rescr$tons 8rtten b" /'e. 0.5s +and. 6e
co'$ared t+e' 8t+ Brts+ P+ar'aco$Qal $rescr$tons1 b" t+e ad of
B)r&&rae2e5s :uide de 2;decine *osim;trique (Pars1 *A=.). Bot+
$rescr$tons are n far accord 8t+ En&ls+ $ractceG t+e doses of arsenc n
t+e one case1 of str"c+na n t+e ot+er1 ben& rat+er stron&er t+an )s)all"
&2en. Eac+ $rescr$ton contans se2eral n&redents1 n 8+at see's
reasonable $ro$orton.
4nall"1 8e learn t+at ,r. V. n lfe 8as &a" and fond of $ractcal Do3es.
)3+ . T+ese last cases +a2e beco'e ncreasn&l" co'$le#. One 8onders
to 8+at e#tent t+s stran&e 'an)fact)re of n8ard ro'ances can be carred.
T+ere s1 I 'a" sa"1 a &reat deal 'ore of t n t+e 8orld t+an s co''onl"
s)s$ected. I +a2e '"self rece2ed so 'an" cases of t+ese dra'atsed
)tterancesas t+o)&+ a n)'ber of dfferent s$rts 8ere 8rtn& n t)rn
t+ro)&+ so'e a)to'atst5s +andt+at I +a2e co'e to reco&nse t+e
o$eraton of so'e la8 of drea's1 so to call t1 as "et b)t obsc)rel"
)nderstood. T+e alle&ed $ersonaltes are for t+e 'ost $art not onl"
)ndentfed1 b)t $)r$osel" )ndentfableG t+e" &2e t+e'sel2es ro'antc or
l)dcro)s na'es1 and t+e" are $rod)ced and dsa$$ear as l&+tl" as $)$$ets
on a ''c sta&e. T+e 'an c)rost" of s)c+ cases les n t+er 2er"
$ersstence and co'$le#t"G t 8o)ld be a 8aste of s$ace to E)ote an" of t+e
lon&er ones n s)c+ a 8a" as to do t+e' D)stce. %nd1 fort)natel"1 t+ere s no
need for 'e to &2e an" of '" o8n casesG snce a s$ecall" &ood case +as
been s$ecall" 8ell obser2ed and re$orted n a boo3 8t+ 8+c+ 'an" of '"
readers are $robabl" alread" acE)anted1Professor 4lo)rno"5s *es (ndes >
a pan=te 2arsV 8tude sur un cas de Somnambuisme avec :ossoaie
(Pars and Gene2a1 *@>>). I s+all +ere 'a3e so'e co''ents on t+at str3n&
record1 8+c+ all st)dents of t+ese s)bDects o)&+t to st)d" n detal.
)3, . It +a$$ens1 no do)bt1 to an" &ro)$ 8+c+ $)rs)es for 'an" "ears a
so'e8+at )nfa'lar lne of nE)r" t+at t+ose of t+er $onts 8+c+ are frst
assaled &et &rad)all" ad'tted1 so t+at as t+e" beco'e nterested n ne8
$onts t+e" 'a" scarcel" obser2e 8+at c+an&e +as ta3en $lace n t+e
rece$ton of t+e old. T+e reader of earl" 2ol)'es of t+e &roceedings (.P.R.
8ll often obser2e t+s 3nd of $ro&ress of o$non. %nd no8 Professor
4lo)rno"5s boo3 ndcates n a re'ar3able 8a" +o8 t+n&s +a2e 'o2ed n
t+e $s"c+olo&" of t+e last t8ent" "ears. T+e boo3a 'odel of farness
t+ro)&+o)ts ndeed1 for t+e 'ost $art1 crtcall" destructive n ts
treat'ent of t+e E)asCs)$ernor'al $+eno'ena 8t+ 8+c+ t deals. B)t
8+at a 'ass of conce$tons a co'$etent $s"c+olo&st no8 ta3es for &ranted
n t+s real'1 8+c+ t+e offcal scence of t8ent" "ears a&o 8o)ld scarcel"
sto'ac+ o)r +ntn& atZ
+ii,GIG-
One '$ortant $ont 'a" be notced at once as decs2el" corroboratn&
a contenton of '" o8n 'ade lon& a&o1 and at a t'e 8+en t $robabl"
see'ed fantastc to 'an" readers. %r&)n& for t+e $otental continuity of
s)bl'nal 'entaton (as a&anst t+ose 8+o )r&ed t+at t+ere 8ere onl"
occasonal flas+es of s)b'er&ed t+o)&+t1 l3e scattered drea's)1 I sad t+at
t 8o)ld soon be fo)nd needf)l to $ress t+s noton of a contn)o)s
s)bl'nal self to t+e )t'ost1 f 8e 8ere not $re$ared to ad't a contn)o)s
s$rt)al &)dance or $ossesson. !o81 n fact1 8t+ Professor 4lo)rno"5s
s)bDect t+e 8+ole dsc)sson t)rns on t+s 2er" $ont. T+ere s
)nE)estonabl" a contn)o)s and co'$le# seres of t+o)&+ts and feeln&s
&on& on beneat+ t+e t+res+old of consco)sness of /
lle
-UlPne ('t+.9 Is
t+s s)b'er&ed 'entaton d)e n an" de&ree or n an" 'anner to t+e
o$eraton of s$rts ot+er t+an /
lle
('t+5s o8nW T+at s t+e broad E)estonG
b)t t s co'$lcated +ere b" a s)bsdar" E)estonJ 8+et+er1 na'el"1 an"
$re2o)s ncarnatons of /
lle
('t+5sot+er $+ases of +er o8n s$rt)al
+stor"1 no8 n2ol2n& co'$le# relatons+$ 8t+ t+e $ast+a2e an" $art n
t+e cro8d of $ersonaltes 8+c+ see' str)&&ln& to e#$ress t+e'sel2es
t+ro)&+ +er E)te +ealt+" or&ans'.
/
lle
('t+1 I s+o)ld at once sa"1 s not1
*
and ne2er +as been1 a $ad
'ed)'. %t t+e date of /. 4lo)rno"5s boo31 s+e occ)$ed a leadn& $ost on
t+e staff of a lar&e maison de commerce at Gene2a1 and &a2e sUances to +er
frends s'$l" beca)se s+e enDo"ed t+e e#ercse of +er 'ed)'stc
fac)ltes1 and 8as +erself nterested n t+er e#$lanaton.
-er or&ans'1 I re$eat1 s re&arded1 bot+ b" +erself and b" ot+ers1 as a
E)te +ealt+" one. /
lle
('t+1 sa"s Professor 4lo)rno"1 declares dstnctl"
t+at s+e s $erfectl" so)nd n bod" and 'nd1n no 8a" lac3n& n
eE)lbr)'1and nd&nantl" re$)dates t+e dea t+at t+ere s an" +)rtf)l
ano'al" or t+e sl&+test dan&er n 'ed)'s+$ as s+e $ractses t.
I a' so far fro' ben& abnor'al19 s+e 8rtes1 t+at I +a2e ne2er been
so clearCs&+ted1 so l)cd1 so ca$able of D)d&n& ra$dl" on all $onts1 as
snce I +a2e been de2elo$ed as a 'ed)'.9 !o one a$$ears to ds$)te t+s
est'ate1 8+c+ t+e facts of /
lle
('t+5s $ro&ress n +er lne of b)sness
dstnctl" confr'.
It s n fact ncontestable9 (contn)es Professor 4lo)rno"1 $. <*)1 t+at
-UlPne +as a +ead e#tre'el" 8ell or&ansedG and t+at fro' a b)sness $ont
of 2e8 s+e 'ana&es ad'rabl" t+e 2er" '$ortant and co'$lcated
de$art'ent of 8+c+ s+e s at t+e +ead n t+s lar&e s+o$ 8+ere s+e s
e'$lo"edG so t+at to acc)se +er of ben& 'orbd s'$l" beca)se s+e s a
'ed)' s to sa" t+e least an nad'ssble petitio principii so lon& as t+e
2er" nat)re of 'ed)'s+$ re'ans a t+n& so obsc)re and o$en to
dsc)sson as s stll t+e case.Y
It s clear t+at t+ere e#st a'd t+e ran3s of t+e learned fac)lt" certan
s$rts narro8 and l'ted1 stron& n t+er o8n s$ecaltes1 b)t +ii,GIH-
read" to cast t+er anat+e'as at 8+ate2er does not ft n 8t+ t+er
$reconce2ed deas1 and to treat as 'orbd1 $at+olo&cal1 nsane1 e2er"t+n&
8+c+ dffers fro' t+e nor'al t"$e of +)'an nat)re1 s)c+ as t+e" +a2e
conce2ed t on t+e 'odel of t+er o8n s'all $ersonaltes.Y
B)t n t+e frst $lace t+e essental crteron n D)d&n& of a +)'an
ben&5s 2al)e s not t+e E)eston 8+et+er +e s n &ood or bad +ealt+1 l3e or
)nl3e ot+er $eo$le1 b)t 8+et+er +e f)lfls adeE)atel" +s s$ecal tas3+o8
+e acE)ts +'self of t+e f)nctons nc)'bent on +'1 and 8+at 'a" be
e#$ected or +o$ed fro' +'. I a' not a8are t+at /ss ('t+5s $s"c+cal
fac)ltes +a2e e2er nterfered 8t+ +er acco'$ls+'ent of an" of +er d)tesG
rat+er t+e" +a2e +el$ed +er t+erenG for +er nor'al and consco)s act2t"
+as often fo)nd an )ne#$ected assstance8+c+ non'ed)'s lac3Zn
+er s)bl'nal ns$ratons and +er a)to'ats's1 8+c+ effect a )sef)l end.
In t+e second $lace1 t s far fro' ben& de'onstrated t+at 'ed)'s+$
s a $at+olo&cal $+eno'enon. It s abnor'al1 no do)bt1 n t+e sense of
ben& rare, e0ceptiona/ b)t rart" s not 'orbdt". T+e fe8 "ears d)rn&
8+c+ t+ese $+eno'ena +a2e been sero)sl" and scentfcall" st)ded +a2e
not been eno)&+ to allo8 )s to $rono)nce on t+er tr)e nat)re. It s
nterestn& to note t+at n t+e co)ntres 8+ere t+ese st)des +a2e been
$)s+ed t+e f)rt+est1 n En&land and %'erca1 t+e do'nant 2e8 a'on& t+e
savants 8+o +a2e &one dee$est nto t+e 'atter s not at all )nfa2o)rable to
'ed)'s+$G and t+at1 far fro' re&ardn& t as a s$ecal case of +"stera1
t+e" see n t a fac)lt" s)$eror1 ad2anta&eo)s1 +ealt+"1 of 8+c+ +"stera s
a for' of de&enerescence1 a $at+olo&cal $arod"1 a 'orbd carcat)re.9
T+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ t+s senst2e $resents (-UlPne ('t+ s Professor
4lo)rno"5s $se)don"' for +er) co2er a ran&e 8+c+ loo3s at frst 2er" 8de1
alt+o)&+ a clearer anal"ss s+o8s t+at t+ese 2aretes are 'ore a$$arent t+an
real1 and t+at selfCs)&&eston 8ll $er+a$s acco)nt for all of t+e'.
T+ere s1 to be&n 8t+1 e2er" 3nd of a)to'atc rr)$ton of s)bl'nal
nto s)$ral'nal lfe. %s Professor 4lo)rno" sa"s ($. <?)J P+eno'ena of
+"$er'nesa1 d2natons1 '"stero)s fndn&s of lost obDects1 +a$$"
ns$ratons1 e#act $resent'ents1 D)st nt)tons1 teleolo&cal ($)r$os2e or
+el$f)l) a)to'ats's n s+ort1 of e2er" 3ndG s+e $ossesses n a +&+ de&ree
t+s s'all c+an&e of &en)s8+c+ constt)tes a 'ore t+an s)ffcent
co'$ensaton for t+e ncon2enence res)ltn& fro' t+ose dstractons and
'o'ents of absence of 'nd 8+c+ acco'$an" +er 2sonsG and 8+c+1
'oreo2er1 &enerall" $ass )nobser2ed.9
%t sUances8+ere t+e dee$er c+an&e +as no ncon2enences -UlPne
)nder&oes a sort of selfC+"$notsaton 8+c+ $rod)ces 2aro)s let+ar&c and
so'na'b)lstc states. %nd 8+en s+e s alone and safe fro' nterr)$ton s+e
+as s$ontaneo)s 2sons1 d)rn& 8+c+ t+ere 'a" be so'e a$$roac+ to
ecstas". %t t+e sUances s+e e#$erences $ost2e +ii,GII- +all)cnatons1 and
also ne&at2e +all)cnatons1 or s"ste'atsed anFst+esF1 so t+at1 for
nstance1 s+e 8ll cease to see so'e $erson $resent1 es$ecall" one 8+o s to
be t+e rec$ent of 'essa&es n t+e co)rse of t+e sUance. It see's as t+o)&+
a drea'Cl3e nco+erence $resded o2er t+s $rel'nar" 8or3 of
dsa&&re&aton1 n 8+c+ t+e nor'al $erce$tons are arbtrarl" s$lt )$ or
absorbed b" t+e s)bconsco)s $ersonalt"ea&er for 'aterals 8t+ 8+c+
to co'$ose t+e +all)cnatons 8+c+ t s $re$arn&.9 T+en1 8+en t+e sUance
be&ns1 t+e 'an actor s -UlPne5s &)de .;opod (a $se)don"' for
Ca&lostro) 8+o s$ea3s and 8rtes t+ro)&+ +er1 and s1 n fact1 et+er +er
leadn& s$rtCcontrol or (')c+ 'ore $robabl") +er 'ost de2elo$ed for' of
secondar" $ersonalt".
-UlPne1 ndeed1 +as so'et'es t+e '$resson of becoming Leo$old for
a 'o'ent ($. **=). Professor 4lo)rno" co'$ares t+s sensaton 8t+ t+e
e#$erence of /r. -ll To)t (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;>@)1 8+o feels
+'self becoming +s o8n fat+er1 8+o s 'anfestn& t+ro)&+ +'. It s+o)ld
be added t+at1 alt+o)&+ so'e8+at $o'$o)s1 Leo$old al8a"s a$$ears bot+
sensble and d&nfed. Leo$old19 sa"s Professor 4lo)rno" ($. *;<)
certanl" 'anfests a 2er" +ono)rable and a'able sde of /
lle
('t+5s
c+aracter1 and n ta3n& +' as +er H&)deI s+e +as follo8ed ns$ratons
8+c+ are do)btless a'on& t+e +&+est n +er nat)re.9
T+e +&+ 'oral E)alt" of t+ese a)to'atc co'')ncatons1 on 8+c+
Professor 4lo)rno" t+)s nssts1 s a $+eno'enon 8ort+ consderaton. I do
not 'ean t+at t s s$ecall" stran&e n t+e case of /
lle
('t+. (+e a$$ears to
be (f t+e $+rase s t+o)&+t $er'ssble n descrbn& a 'ed)') a $erson of
re'ar3abl" 8ellCre&)lated 'nd. One s not s)r$rsed t+at +er s)bl'nal
self s+o)ld be as bla'eless as +er s)$ral'nal. B)t n realt" t+e re'ar3
+ere 'ade b" Professor 4lo)rno" +as a ')c+ 8der a$$lcaton. T+e al'ost
)n2ersall" +&+ 'oral tone of &en)nel" a)to'atc )tterances8+et+er
cla'ed as s$rt co'')ncatons or $roceedn& ob2o)sl" fro' t+e
a)to'atst +'self+as not1 I t+n31 been s)ffcentl" notced1 or
adeE)atel" e#$laned. I 8ll 'enton t8o $onts 8+c+ +a2e str)c3 'e as
s$ecall" notceable. In t+e frst $lace I +a2e read 'an" $)l$t and ot+er
attac3s on s$rt)als'19 )nder 8+c+ na'e all a)to'atc )tterance s
co''onl" ncl)ded1 and I cannot re'e'ber an" nstance n 8+c+ s)c+ an
attac3 +as been 'ade effect2e b" t+e E)otaton of $assa&es of ''oral
tendenc"base1 cr)el1 or '$)re. T+e attac31 so far as I 3no81 +as al8a"s
been of a 3nd 8+c+1 n t+e e"e of t+e $+loso$+er1 s rat+er co'$l'entar"
to t+e 8rtn&s attac3ed. 4or t see's (and t+s s t+e second $ont to 8+c+ I
8s+ed to call attenton +ere) t+at no one of t+e 2aro)s conflctn& C+)rc+es
+as been able to cla' t+e &eneral drft of a)to'atc 'essa&es as 'a3n& for
ts s$ecal tenets. T+e 2aro)s contro2ersalsts1 8+ere t+e" +a2e been
candd1 +a2e ad'tted 'oral ele2aton1 b)t1fro' t+er 2aro)s o$$osn&
$onts of 2e81+a2e a&reed n de$lorn& t+eolo&cal la#t".
I ')st ndeed confess '"self )nable to e#$lan 8+" t s t+at beneat+
+ii,GIJ- t+e freE)ent nco+erence1 freE)ent co''on$laceness1 freE)ent
$o'$ost" of t+ese 'essa&es t+ere s+o)ld al'ost al8a"s be a s)bstrat)' of
better sense1 of tr)er cat+olct"1 t+an s )s)all" to be +eard e#ce$t fro' t+e
leadn& 'nds of t+e &eneraton. It s $ossble t+at n so'e +dden 8a" t+e
VetCGest affects t+e s)bl'nal strata e2en of $ersons s)$erfcall" narro8
and b&oted b" an nfl)ence )r&n& t+e' all n so'e8+at t+e sa'e drectonG
so t+at t+e best a2alable t+o)&+t of t+e a&e s ns$rn& t+e a&e 'ore
$rofo)ndl" t+an 8e 3no8. %nd t s $ossble also t+at t+ese )tterances 'a"
bear n realt" so'e obsc)re relaton to tr)t+s $rofo)nder t+an 8e +a2e as
"et nor'all" acE)red. 6+at s o'tted1 ndeed1 fro' c)rrent belefs s as
s&nfcant as 8+at s added t+ereto1 and t+e &eneral $rod)ct loo3s 'ore l3e
a 2er" $oor acco)nt of so'et+n& 8+c+ n tself s &reat and ne81 b)t d'l"
a$$re+ended1 t+an l3e a co'$ro'se bet8een conflctn& do&'as1 or a
selecton fro' fa'lar +ortator" t+e'es.
)3' . T+)s ')c+ I t+n3 t 8as far to sa"Gor I 'a" s$ea3 'ore
stron&l" and 'antan t+at t+)s ')c+ t 8as a $ost2e d)t" to nsst )$on. It
s onl" r&+t t+at t+s 'ass of co'')ncatons1 ta3en as a 8+ole1 s+o)ld be
defended fro' t+e rando' acc)satons of Do)rnalst or $)l$teer.
B)t1 n 2e8 of 8+at s to follo81 I 'a" +ere defne t+e l'ted e#tent to
8+c+ '" s)$$ort of t+e content of a)to'atc 'essa&es &oes.
I t+n31 t+en1 t+at n e2dental 'essa&es8+ere t+ere s real reason to
bele2e t+at an dentfed s$rt s co'')ncatn&t+ere s a 'ar3ed and
nde$endent consens)s on s)c+ 'atters as t+ese s$rts $rofess t+e'sel2es
able to dsc)ss. %nd1 a&an1 n nonCe2dental 'essa&esn
co'')ncatons 8+c+ $robabl" $roceed fro' t+e a)to'atst5s s)bl'nal
selfI +old t+at t+ere s a re'ar3able and )ndes&ned concordance n +&+
'oral tone1 and also n a2odance of certan $re2alent tenets1 8+c+ 'an" of
t+e a)to'atsts do s)$ral'nall" +old as tr)e. B)t I also nsst t+at t+ese
s)bl'nal 'essa&es1 e2en 8+en not nco+erent1 are &enerall" drea'Cl3e1
and often n2ol2e tenets 8+c+ (t+o)&+ ne2er n '" e#$erence base or
''oral) are )ns)$$orted b" e2dence1 and are $robabl" to be referred to
'ere selfCs)&&eston.
Pro'nent a'on& s)c+ tenets s one 8+c+ for's a lar&e $art of /
lle
('t+5s co'')ncatonsG na'el"1 t+e doctrne of reincarnation, or of
s)ccess2e l2es s$ent b" eac+ so)l )$on t+s $lanet.
T+e s'$le fact t+at s)c+ 8as $robabl" t+e o$non bot+ of Plato and of
Vr&l s+o8s t+at t+ere s not+n& +ere 8+c+ s alen to t+e best reason or to
t+e +&+est nstncts of 'en. !or1 ndeed1 s t eas" to realse an" t+eor" of
t+e direct creation of s$rts at s)c+ dfferent sta&es of ad2ance'ent as t+ose
8+c+ enter )$on t+e eart+ n t+e &)se of 'ortal 'an. T+ere must, one
feels1 be so'e 3nd of contn)t"so'e for' of s$rt)al Past. Yet for
rencarnaton t+ere s at $resent no 2ald e2denceG and t ')st be '" d)t" to
s+o8 +o8 ts asserton n an" &2en nstance/
lle
('t+5s ncl)ded
constt)tes n tself a stron& ar&)'ent n fa2o)r +ii,GIK- of selfCs)&&eston
rat+er t+an e#traneo)s ns$raton as t+e so)rce of t+e 'essa&es n 8+c+ t
a$$ears.
6+ene2er c2lsed 'en +a2e rece2ed 8+at t+e" +a2e re&arded as a
re2elaton (8+c+ +as &enerall" been so'e8+at fra&'entar" n ts frst
del2er") t+e" +a2e nat)rall" endea2o)red to co'$lete and s"ste'atse t as
8ell as t+e" co)ld. In so don& t+e" +a2e 'ostl" a'ed at t+ree obDectsJ (*)
to understand as ')c+ as $ossble of t+e secrets of t+e )n2erseG (.) to
"usti$y as far as $ossble -ea2en5s dealn&s 8t+ 'enG and (;) to appropriate
as far as $ossble t+e fa2o)r or beneft 8+c+ t+e re2elaton 'a" s+o8 as
$ossbl" accr)n& to bele2ers. 4or all t+ese $)r$oses t+e doctrne of
rencarnaton +as $ro2ed )sef)l n 'an" co)ntres and t'es. B)t n no case
co)ld t see' 'ore a$$ro$rate t+an n t+s last re2elaton (so to ter' t)
t+ro)&+ a)to'atc 'essa&es and t+e l3e. %nd as a 'atter of +stor"1 a
certan 2&oro)s $reac+er of t+e ne8 fat+1 3no8n )nder t+e na'e of %llan
Rardec1 too3 )$ rencarnatonst tenets1 enforced t+e' (as t+ere s reason to
bele2e) b" stron& s)&&eston )$on t+e 'nds of 2aro)s a)to'atc 8rters1
and set t+e' fort+ n do&'atc 8or3s 8+c+ +a2e +ad ')c+ nfl)ence1
es$ecall" a'on& Latn natons1 fro' t+er clart"1 s"''etr"1 and ntrnsc
reasonableness. Yet t+e data t+)s collected 8ere absol)tel" ns)ffcent1 and
t+e .ivre des 8sprits ')st s'$l" ran3 as t+e $re'at)re for')laton of a
ne8 rel&ont+e $re'at)re s"ste'atsaton of a nascent scence.
I follo8 Professor 4lo)rno" n bele2n& t+at t+e teac+n& of t+at 8or3
')st +a2e drectl" or ndrectl" nfl)enced t+e 'nd of /
lle
('t+1 and s
t+erefore res$onsble for +er cla' to t+ese ncarnatons $re2o)s to t+at
8+c+ s+e no8 )nder&oes or enDo"s.
On t+e &eneral sc+e'e +ere follo8ed1 eac+ ncarnaton1 f t+e last +as
been )sed ar&+t1 o)&+t to re$resent so'e ad2ance n t+e scale of ben&. If
one eart+Clfe +as been 's)sed1 t+e ne#t eart+Clfe o)&+t to afford
o$$ort)nt" for e#$atonor for f)rt+er $ractce n t+e s$ecal 2rt)e 8+c+
+as been '$erfectl" acE)red. T+)s /
lle
('t+5s $resent lfe n a +)'ble
$oston 'a" be t+o)&+t to atone for +er o2er')c+ $rde n +er last
ncarnatonas /are %ntonette.
B)t t+e 'enton of /are %ntonette s)&&ests t+e rs3 8+c+ t+s t+eor"
fostersof ass)'n& t+at one s t+e ss)e of a dstn&)s+ed lne of s$rt)al
$ro&entorsG nso')c+ t+at1 8t+ 8+ate2er te'$orar" setsbac31 one s s)re
n t+e end to fnd oneself n a leadn& $oston.
P"t+a&oras1 ndeed1 8as content 8t+ t+e secondar" +ero E)$+orb)s as
+s b"&one self. B)t n o)r da"s ,r. %nna Rn&sford and /r. Ed8ard
/atland ')st needs +a2e been t+e Vr&n /ar" and (t. 7o+n t+e ,2ne.
%nd Vctor -)&o1 8+o 8as nat)rall" 8ell to t+e front n t+ese selfC
')lt$lcatons1 too3 $ossesson of 'ost of t+e leadn& $ersona&es of
antE)t" 8+o' +e co)ld 'ana&e to strn& to&et+er n c+ronolo&cal
seE)ence. It s ob2o)s t+at an" n)'ber of reCborn so)ls can $la" at t+s
&a'eG b)t 8+ere no one add)ces an" e2dence t see's +ardl" 8ort+ 8+le
to &o on. +ii,GIL- E2en P"t+a&oras does not a$$ear to +a2e add)ced an"
e2dence be"ond +s ipse di0it for +s asserton t+at t+e alle&ed s+eld of
E)$+orb)s +ad n realt" been borne b" t+at '"t+cal +ero. /eant'e t+e
E)eston as to rencarnaton +as act)all" been $)t to a 2er" fe8 s$rts 8+o
+a2e &2en so'e real e2dence of t+er dentt". (o far as I 3no81 no one of
t+ese +as cla'ed to 3no8 an"t+n& $ersonall" of s)c+ an ncdentG alt+o)&+
all +a2e )nted n sa"n& t+at t+er 3no8led&e 8as too l'ted to allo8 t+e'
to &eneralse on t+e 'atter.
-UlPne5s controls and $re2o)s ncarnatonsto ret)rn to o)r s)bDect
do $er+a$s s)ffer fro' t+e &eneral fa)lt of a'n& too +&+. (+e +as to +er
credt a control fro' t+e $lanet /arsG one $reCncarnaton as an Indan
PrncessG and a second (as I +a2e sad) as /are %ntonette.
)3* . In eac+ case t+ere are certan '$ress2e feat)res n t+e
'$ersonatonG b)t n eac+ case also caref)l anal"ss ne&at2es t+e dea t+at
8e can be dealn& 8t+ a $ersonalt" reall" re22ed fro' a for'er e$oc+1 or
fro' a dstant $lanetGand lea2es )s nclned to e#$lan e2er"t+n& b"
cr"$to'nesa9 (as Professor 4lo)rno" calls s)b'er&ed 'e'or")1 and t+at
s)bl'nal n2ent2eness of 8+c+ 8e alread" 3no8 so ')c+.
T+e 2artian control 8as nat)rall" t+e 'ost str3n& at frst s&+t. Its
realt" 8as s)$$orted b" a /artan lan&)a&e1 8rtten n a /artan al$+abet1
s$o3en 8t+ fl)enc"1 and s)ffcentl" nter$reted nto 4renc+ to s+o8 t+at
s)c+ $art of t1 at an" rate1 as co)ld be co''tted to 8rtn& 8as act)all" a
&ra''atcal and co+erent for' of s$eec+.
%nd +ere I reac+ an a$$ro$rate $ont at 8+c+ to re'ar3 t+at t+s boo3
of Professor 4lo)rno"5s s not t+e frst acco)nt 8+c+ +as been $)bls+ed of
/
lle
-UlPne. Professor Le'attre1 of Gene2a1 $rnted t8o $a$ers abo)t +er n
t+e Annaes des Sciences &sychiquesV frst1 a lon& artcle n t+e n)'ber for
/arc+K%$rl1 *A@=t+en a re$l" to /. LefUb)re n t+e n)'ber for /a"
7)ne1 *A@=. In t+ese $a$ers +e dstnctl" cla's s)$ernor'al $o8ers for /
lle
-UlPne1 '$l"n& a belef n +er &en)ne $ossesson b" s$rts1 and e2en n
+er $re2o)s ncarnatons1 and n t+e e#traCterrene or ostensbl" /artan
lan&)a&e. I read t+ese $a$ers at t+e t'e1 b)t $)t t+e' asde as nconcl)s2e1
'anl" beca)se t+at 2er" lan&)a&e1 on 8+c+ /. Le'attre see'ed 'ost to
rel"1 a$$eared to 'e so ob2o)sl" factto)s as to t+ro8 do)bt on all t+e
e2dence $resented b" an obser2er 8+o co)ld bele2e t+at denNens of
anot+er $lanet tal3ed to eac+ ot+er n a lan&)a&e corres$ondn& n e2er"
$artc)lar 8t+ s'$le 4renc+ do's1 and ncl)dn& s)c+ 8ords as quisa for
que, quis; for quee, v;t=che for voir, v=che for vu/t+e fantastc
loc)tons of t+e n)rser". /. Le'attre re'ar3s1 as a $roof of t+e consstenc"
and realt" of t+e e#traCterrene ton&)e1 L5)n des $re'ers 'ots E)e no)s
a"ons e)s1 m;tiche, s&nfant monsieur, se retro)2e $l)s tard a2ec le sens de
homme. T+at s to sa"1 +a2n& trans'o&rfed monsieur nto m;tiche,
-UlPne f)rt+er trans')tes es messieurs nto c;e m;tich;n nad2e
'taton of ordnar" 4renc+ )sa&e. %nd t+s ton&)e s s)$$osed to +a2e
s$r)n& )$ nde$endentl" +ii,GIM- of all t+e nfl)ences 8+c+ +a2e s+a$ed
terrene &ra''ar n &eneral or t+e 4renc+ do' n $artc)larZ %nd e2en after
Professor 4lo)rno"5s anal"ss of t+s abs)rdt" I see ne8s$a$ers s$ea3n& of
t+s /artan lan&)a&e as an '$ress2e $+eno'enonZ T+e" see' 8lln& to
bele2e t+at t+e e2ol)ton of anot+er $lanet1 f t +as c)l'nated n consco)s
lfe at all1 can +a2e c)l'nated n a consco)s lfe nto 8+c+ 8e co)ld all of
)s enter affabl"1 8t+ a s)table Ollendorff5s $+raseCboo3 )nder o)r ar'sG
eni c;e m;tich; on; qud;c les +o''es ('esse)rs) sont
bons19+ere t+e 'en are &oodG9and t+e rest of t.
To t+e st)dent of a)to'ats's1 of co)rse1 all t+s rresstbl" s)&&ests t+e
a)to'atst5s o8n s)bl'nal +and8or3. It s a case of &lossolal"19 or
s$ea3n& 8t+ ton&)es9 and 8e +a2e no 'odern caseno case later t+an
t+e +alfC'"t+cal /racles of t+e Ce2ennes8+ere s)c+ )tterance +as
$ro2ed to be ot+er t+an &bbers+. I +a2e +ad 2aro)s a)to'atc
+ero&l"$+cs s+o8n to 'e1 8t+ t+e s)&&eston t+at t+e" 'a" be c)rs2e
7a$anese1 or $er+a$s an old dalect of !ort+ern C+naG b)t I confess t+at I
+a2e &ro8n tred of s+o8n& t+ese fra&'ents to t+e rres$ons2e e#$ert1 8+o
s)&&ests t+at t+e" 'a" also be 2a&)e re'nscences of t+e scrolls n an
Orental teaCtra".
It see's ndeed to be a 'ost dffc)lt t+n& to &et tele$at+call" nto an"
bran e2en fra&'ents of a lan&)a&e 8+c+ t +as not learnt. % fe8 s'$le
Italan1 and e2en -a8aan1 8ords occ)r n /rs. P$er5s )tterances1 co'n&
a$$arentl" fro' de$arted s$rts (see 9'0 A and 9'1 )1 b)t t+ese1 8t+ so'e
Raffr and C+nese 8ords &2en t+ro)&+ /ss Bro8ne ()*1 A )1 for'1 I
t+n31 al'ost t+e onl" nstances 8+c+ I 3no8. %nd1 s$ea3n& &enerall"1
8+ate2er s elaborate1 fns+ed1 $retento)s1 s l3el" to be of s)bl'nal
fact)reG 8+le onl" t+n&s scra$$"1 $er$le#ed1 and tentat2e +a2e floated to
)s 2ertabl" fro' afar.
%nal"ss of t+e soCcalled /artan lan&)a&e $ro2es t to be no e#ce$ton
to t+s r)le. It s1 n fact1 a c+lds+1 t+o)&+ elaborate1 'taton of 4renc+G
8+ose tr)e $arallel les n t+ose lan&)a&es of t+e n)rser" 8+c+ lttle
brot+ers and ssters so'et'es n2entas a ton&)e not )nderstanded of
t+er elders. T+e o)tb)rsts of t+s /artan s$eec+ are notceable as a $arallel
to t+e defc 2erba&e19 8+c+ )sed to t+ron& t+ro)&+ t+e l$s of /r. le
Baron (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .==)1 and for a lon& t'e '$ressed
tself )$on +' as +a2n& so'e realt" n t so'e8+ere.
T+e 'ost nterestn& $ec)lart"1 ndeed1 n t+e /artan ton&)e s ts
e0cusivey 9rench for'atonG 8+c+ 8o)ld see' to ar&)e ts elaboraton n
a 'nd fa'lar 8t+ 4renc+ alone. !o8 /
lle
('t+8+o1 b" t+e 8a"1 s
no ln&)st
*
+ad so'e Ger'an lessons n +er &rl+ood1 and one s t+)s led
to t+e c)ro)s s)$$oston t+at t+e /artan ton&)e 8as n2ented b" so'e
ele'ent n +er $ersonalt" 8+c+ preceded t+e Ger'an lessons.
+ii,GIN-
I 'a" $er+a$s recall +ere1 a tr2al e#$erence of '" o8n ll)strat2e of
t+s n&eno)s +"$ot+ess of Professor 4lo)rno"5s. I once drea't t+at I sa8
an e$ta$+ n Gree3 +e#a'eters nscrbed on a 8all1 of 8+c+ on 8a3n& I
re'e'bered onl" one lne
A q A .
I co)ld not constr)e t+s lne1 8+c+ s1 n fact1 nonsenseGtll I
re'e'bered n a s)dden flas+ a certan sense of s+a'e felt b" 'e as a s'all
bo" at +a2n& t+o)&+t t+at 'eant underas t+o)&+ q 8ere
q m .
T+e lne1 t+en1 +ad a 'eann&J B)t +e1 ndeed1 beneat+ t+e eart+1
e'braced t+e stron& cons)'n& fla'eG9not a 8ellCc+osen sent'ent for
an e$ta$+1 $er+a$s1 b)t "et )$ to t+e ordnar" le2el of one5s drea'n& self.
T+ere ')st1 t+en1 +a2e been so'e fra&'ent of 'e "et s)r22n& fro'
nnocent bo"+ood1 and bl)ndern& s)bl'nall" n t+e sa'e old st"le.
)3) . T+s fact of t+e $r't2e nat)re of /
lle
('t+5s 2aro)s +"$nodal
el)c)bratons1 and t+e dfferent a&es of +er lfe to 8+c+ t+e" belon&1 see's
to 'e (sa"s Professor 4lo)rno"1 $. <*?) to constt)te one of t+e 'ost
nterestn& $s"c+olo&cal $onts n +er 'ed)'s+$. It tends to s+o8 t+at +er
secondar" $ersonaltes are $robabl" n t+er or&n1 as +as so'et'es been
s)&&ested1 $+eno'ena $artl" of reversion to t+e ordnar" $ersonalt"
s)r22als or 'o'entar" ret)rns of nferor $+ases1 o2er$assed for a lon&er
or s+orter t'e1 and 8+c+ s+o)ld nor'all" +a2e been absorbed n t+e
de2elo$'ent of t+e nd2d)al nstead of a$$earn& e#ternall" n stran&e
$rolferatons. 7)st as teratolo&" ll)strates e'br"olo&"1 8+c+ n ret)rn
e#$lans teratolo&"1 and as bot+ of t+ese )nte n t+ro8n& l&+t on anato'"1
s'larl" one 'a" +o$e t+at t+e st)d" of t+e facts of 'ed)'s+$ 'a"
so'e da" +el$ to f)rns+ )s 8t+ so'e D)st and fr)tf)l 2e8 of nor'al
$s"c+o&eness18+c+ n ret)rn 8ll enable )s better to co'$re+end t+e
a$$earance of t+ese sn&)lar $+eno'enaG so t+at $s"c+olo&" n &eneral 'a"
t+ence acE)re a better and e#acter conce$ton of +)'an $ersonalt".9
T+e fac)lt" +ere to)c+ed )$ont+e stron& re22scence of lon&C$ast
e'otonal statessee's to 'e e'nentl" c+aracterstc1 at an" rate1 of
artstc and $oetcal &en)s.
T+e artst ')st needs desre to +a2e +s 8+ole lfe to dra8 )$on. -e
')st often 8s+ to l2e n t+e $ast 'ore 22dl" t+an n t+e $resent1 and to
feel a&an 8+at +e +as felt1 e2en 'ore t+an to see a&an 8+at +e +as seen.
Vs)al and a)dtor" 'e'ores1 $)s+ed to absol)te 22dness1 beco'e
+all)cnatons of 2son or a)dtonG and t+s $ont of absol)te +all)cnaton
fe8 artsts are able or e2en desre to reac+. B)t emotiona or a$$ective
'e'or" 'a" for so'e &fted nat)res be $)s+ed on nto all ts old act)al
22dness 8t+ $)re &an to artG na"1 f t+e 'an +'self +as &ro8n 'ore
ca$able of feeln&1 t+en t+e re22ed e'oton (l3e certan o$tcal 'e'or"C
'a&es) 'a" e2en &o be"ond t+e or&nal.
+ii,GIO-
T+)s ()ll" Pr)d+o''e sa"s1 n s$ea3n& of a +dden ns)r&ent 'e'or"
of t+s t"$eJ C5est 'O'e cette rU22scence E) se)le 'e $er'ettrat de
reto)c+er les 2ers E)e cette $ette a2ent)re1 s ancenne1 '5a fat co''ettre1
et de fare bUnUfcer de l5e#$erence E)e D5a acE)se dans 'on art
l5e#$resson de 'es sent'ents d5a)trefos.9 %nd +e as3s 8+et+er e2er"
'e'or" of feeln& does not ass)'e a certan c+aracter of haucination.
6ords8ort+ (as %)bre" de Vere +as told )s1 and as t+e sonnet ()r$rsed
b" Do"19 s+o8s) +ad 2er" ')c+ t+e sa'e e#$erence. %nd LttrU (7evue
&ositive, *A==1 $. BB>) descrbes 8+at +e calls t+e affect2e a)to'nesa9
or s$ontaneo)sl" arsn& flo8 of e'oton8t+ 8+c+ E)te s)ddenl"1 and
late n lfe1 +e re'e'bered losn& a "o)n& sster 8+en +e 8as ten "ears oldJ
Ce 'O'e U2Pne'ent s5est re$rod)t a2ec )ne $ene non 'ondre1 certes1
E)e celle E)e D5U$ro)2as a) 'o'ent 'O'e1 et E) alla D)sE)5a 'o)ller 'es
"e)# de lar'es.9
*
T+s tran of reflectons1 I t+n31 8ell ll)strates t+at 3ns+$ bet8een t+e
8or3n& of 8+at s ad'tted as &en)s and t+e drea'l3e s)bl'nal
'entaton 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are +ere dealn&1 of 8+c+ I +a2e often s$o3en1
and to 8+c+ I ')st a&an $resentl" rec)r.
T)rnn& no8 to t+e -ndoo $reCncarnaton1 8e obser2e t+at t offers a
ln&)stc $roble' of a rat+er dfferent 3nd. Certan (anscrt letters are
8rtten1 and certan (anscrt 8ords are )ttered'#ed1 t s tr)e1 8t+ ')c+
E)asC(anscrt &bbers+1 and not e#ceedn& 8+at a E)c3 e"e and 'e'or"
'&+t $c3 )$ n a fe8 +o)rs fro' a (anscrt &ra''ar. -UlPne1 +o8e2er
8+ose co'$lete &ood fat+ s 2o)c+ed for on all sdes and 8+o +erself
)ndo)btedl" bele2es 8t+ +er 8+ole +eart n t+e s$rtC+"$ot+essdenes
t+at s+e e2er cons)lted or e2en to +er 3no8led&e sa81 a (anscrt &ra''ar.
%&an1 /. 4lo)rno"5s caref)l researc+es +a2e s+o8n t+at ncdents of t+e
Indan history, or $se)doC+stor"1 on 8+c+ t+e narrat2e of t+s ncarnaton
t)rns1 are )ndo)btedl" der2ed fro' a $artc)lar $assa&e n a rare and
antE)ated +stor" of Inda b" de /arlPs8+c+ /
lle
('t+ asserts t+at s+e
ne2er sa81 and 8+c+ t see's 2er" '$robable t+at s+e shoud +a2e seen.
*
T+s 3no8led&e s 8or3ed )$ n a 8a" ndcatn& consderable fa'lart"
8t+ t+e East1 and E)asCIndan t)nes and &est)res are e'$lo"ed 8t+ &reat
2ers'lt)de.
I need not +ere &o nto t+e detals of t+e 'ore 'odern and accessble
c+aractersaton of /are %ntonette.
)39 . In t+e facts 8+c+ I +a2e alread" &2en1 8e +a2e &ot t+s +ii,GJP-
$roble' red)ced to ts narro8est for'G and I s+all set fort+1 as barel"
$ossble1 a t+eor" 8+c+ Professor 4lo)rno" +as not n2o3ed. I a&ree 8t+
+' t+at t+e noton of t+e tr)t+ of t+e Indan ro'ance ')st be E)te
ds'ssed. B)t I do not t+erefore t+n3 t certan t+at /
lle
('t+ ')st +a2e
)nconsco)sl" seen de /arlPs5 +stor" and a (anscrt &ra''ar1 snce t
see's to 'e D)st $ossble t+at t+e 3no8led&e of de /arlPs and of (anscrt
'a" +a2e been clar2o"antl" acE)red b" +er s)bl'nal self.
4)rt+er1 t +as so'et'es been alle&ed t+at dscarnate s$rts 'a" be
concerned n t+e co'$oston of s)c+ ro'ances1 on t+e +"$ot+ess t+at f
t+e" do act )$on +)'an 'nds1 t+e" $robabl" so act so'et'es to a')se
themseves, as 8ell as to $lease or nfor' us. I 3no8 of no e2dence1 ndeed1
of t+er +a2n& an" $o8er to in"ure )s1 b)t t s t+o)&+t b" so'e t+at t+ere s
a &ood deal of e2dence of trc3"1 $la"f)l nterference1 and t+at a 3nd of
lterar" '$)lse to 8rte or act o)t romances, t+ro)&+ t+e nter'edac" of
so'e +)'an ben&1 'a" be one for' of t+s '"stf"n& nter2enton. T+ere
s1 +o8e2er1 no need to $ost)late t+e e#stence of trc3" s$rts 8+en t+e
$+eno'ena can be adeE)atel" acco)nted for b" t+e 3no8n tendences of t+e
s)bl'nal self1 as e#e'$lfed n s)c+ cases as t+e Clela9 and !e8n+a'
8rtn&s . )30 A and )+9 A)1 and (all" Bea)c+a'$ . (3+ A /.
)+0 . I $ass on fro' t+ese rencarnatonal ro'ances to certan 'nor1 b)t
nterestn& $+eno'ena1 8+c+ Professor 4lo)rno" calls teeoogica
automatisms. T+ese are s'all acts of +el$f)lnessbene$icent synergies, as
8e '&+t ter' t+e'1 n contrast 8t+ t+e in"urious synergies, or co'bned
&ro)$s of hurt$u actons1 8t+ 8+c+ +"stera +as 'ade )s fa'lar. 6e
+a2e alread" $rnted se2eral ncdents of t+s t"$e n o)r &roceedings and
1ourna. ((ee1 for nstance1 t+e tr2al b)t nstr)ct2e case of /rs. Verrall
and t+e en2elo$es1 &2en n )1) A .)
One da"19 sa"s Professor 4lo)rno" ($. ??)1 /ss ('t+1 8+en desrn&
to lft do8n a lar&e and +ea2" obDect 8+c+ la" on a +&+ s+elf1 8as
$re2ented fro' don& so beca)se +er rased ar' re'aned for so'e seconds
as t+o)&+ $etrfed n t+e ar and nca$able of 'o2e'ent. (+e too3 t+s as a
8arnn&1 and &a2e )$ t+e atte'$t. %t a s)bseE)ent sUance Leo$old stated
t+at t 8as +e 8+o +ad t+)s f#ed -UlPne5s ar' to $re2ent +er fro' &ras$n&
t+s obDect1 8+c+ 8as ')c+ too +ea2" for +er1 and 8o)ld +a2e ca)sed +er
so'e accdent.
%not+er t'e1 a s+o$'an1 8+o +ad been loo3n& n 2an for a certan
$attern1 as3ed -UlPne f b" c+ance s+e 3ne8 8+at +ad beco'e of t. -UlPne
ans8ered 'ec+ancall" and 8t+o)t reflectonHYes1 t +as been sent to
/r. 7.I (a clent of t+e +o)se). %t t+e sa'e t'e s+e sa8 before +er t+e
n)'ber *A n lar&e blac3 f&)res a fe8 feet fro' t+e &ro)nd1 and added
nstnct2el"1 HIt 8as sent e&+teen da"s a&o.I LT+s 8as n t+e +&+est
de&ree '$robable1 b)t 8as fo)nd to be absol)tel" correct.M Leo$old +ad no
recollecton of t+s1 and does not see' to +a2e been t+e a)t+or of t+s
cr"$to'nesc a)to'ats'.9
+ii,GJG-
% s'lar $+eno'enon +as also been noted ($. A=) 8+en 8arnn& s
con2e"ed b" an act)al $+antas'al f&)re.
/
lle
('t+ +as seen an apparition of Leo$old1 barrn& a $artc)lar road1
)nder crc)'stances 8+c+ 'a3e t $robable t+at /
lle
('t+ 8o)ld on t+at
da" +a2e +ad ca)se to re&ret ta3n& t+at ro)te. (Co'$are t+e case of an
a$$arton seen b" a lad" near an o$en lft1 referred to at t+e end of )(38 and
t+e 8arnn& to (ocrates to c+an&e +s ro)te1 see )1+)
)+1 . T+e ne#t E)eston s as to 8+et+er s)$ernor'al fac)lt" of an" 3nd
s 'anfested n -UlPne5s $+eno'ena. T+ere does a$$ear to be so'e
tele$at+" (see $. ;B;1 &c.)1 and of tele$at+" Professor 4lo)rno" s$ea3s as
follo8sJ
One 'a" al'ost sa" t+at1 f tele$at+" dd not e#st1 t 8o)ld be
necessar" to n2ent t. I 'ean b" t+s t+at a drect acton bet8een l2n&
ben&s1 nde$endentl" of t+e or&ans of sense1 s a t+n& so n accord 8t+ all
t+at 8e 3no8 of nat)re t+at t 8o)ld be dffc)lt not to ass)'e ts e#stence
a priori, e2en 8ere no s&n of t $erce$tble. -o8 co)ld one bele2e1 ndeed1
t+at centres of c+e'cal $+eno'ena so co'$le# as t+e ner2o)s centres
co)ld fnd t+e'sel2es n act2t" 8t+o)t trans'ttn& 2aro)s )nd)latons
01 Y1 or V ra"s$assn& t+ro)&+ t+e s3)ll as t+e s)n $asses t+ro)&+ &lass1
and &on& on to act1 at an" dstance1 on t+er +o'olo&)es n ot+er s3)llsW It
s a 'ere E)eston of intensity^.
If tele$at+" s consdered stran&e1 '"stc1 occ)lt1 s)$ernor'al1 &c.1 t
s beca)se t+s c+aracter +as been &rat)to)sl" conferred on t b" 'a3n& of
t+s '$onderable ln3 bet8een or&ans's a $)rel" s$rt)al co'')ncaton
of so)l to so)l1 nde$endent of 'atter and of s$ace. T+at s)c+ a
'eta$+"scal )non does e#st I a' read" to bele2e1 b)t t s to ntrod)ce a
&rat)to)s conf)son f one s)bstt)tes t+s $roble' of +&+ s$ec)laton
8+c+ abandons t+e strctl" scentfc &ro)nd and sets asde t+e $rnc$le of
$s"c+o$+"scal $arallels'for t+e e'$rcal $roble' of tele$at+"1 8+c+
s $erfectl" concordant 8t+ t+at $arallels' and n no 8a" contradcts
establs+ed scence.9
!o81 of co)rse1 t +as been ob2o)s fro' t+e o)tset of o)r researc+es
t+at t 8o)ld be 2er" desrable f 8e co)ld trace so'e relaton bet8een
tele$at+" and et+er 2bratons. T+ere are do)btless endless 2bratons
8atn& to be ntell&bl" a$$ro$ratedGand tele$at+" s a $+eno'enon
&reatl" n need of an e#$lanaton. T+e 'ore co'$le# an" obDect s1
'oreo2er1 t+e 'ore stran&el" t 8ll 2brateG and t+e 'ore senst2e an"
obDect s1 t+e 'ore stran&el" 8ll t rece2e and res$ond to 2bratons.
!e2ert+eless1 8+en 8e +a2e sad t+sas (r 6. Croo3es +as sad t
8t+ &reat '$ress2eness (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ;<AK;?.)8e
+a2e sad nearl" all t+at can be sad for t+e 2bratonCt+eor" of tele$at+". In
C+a$ter VI. ($$. .<?K.<B)1 I +a2e atte'$ted to s+o8 t+e nadeE)ac" of t+s
t+eor" to co2er t+e facts1 and +a2e s)&&ested t+at tele$at+c obser2atons
'a" n t'e teac+ )s so'et+n& of t+e relaton of lfe to t+e or&ans'.
+ii,GJH-
)+( . /ost nstr)ct2e of all 8ll t be f 8e can obtan tele$at+" fro'
dscarnate s$rts1 and es$ecall" f 8e can &et an" &l'$se of a relaton
bet8een t+er 'ode of ben& and t+e cos'c et+er. On t+s $ont Professor
4lo)rno" 8rtes as follo8s ($. ;@<)J
It s ob2o)s t+at t+e +"$ot+ess of s$rts n2ol2es no a priori
'$ossblt" or abs)rdt". It does not e2en contradct1 as s so'et'es
s)$$osed1 t+at f)nda'ental la8 of $+"solo&cal $s"c+olo&"t+e
$s"c+o$+"scal $arallels'8+c+ nssts t+at e2er" 'ental $+eno'enon
')st +a2e a $+"scal correlat2e. 4or n s$te of o)r +abt of consdern& t+e
'olec)lar or ato'c $+eno'ena of t+e bran1 t+e catabols' of t+e
ne)rones1 as t+e tr)e conco'tant of t+e consco)s $rocesses1 t s E)te
$ossblet s e2en $robable eno)&+t+at t+ese 'olec)lar 'o2e'ents do
not constt)te t+e )lt'ate $+"scal ter' ''edatel" adDonn& t+e 'ental
8orld 5cEtoyant e monde menta6, b)t t+at t+e tr)e $+"scal or s$atal
correlat2es of $s"c+olo&cal or nonCs$atal $+eno'ena o)&+t to be so)&+t
n t+e 2bratons of t+at '$onderable 'atter1 t+e et+er1 n 8+c+ $onderable
ato's and 'olec)les are $l)n&ed so'e8+at after t+e fas+on of &rans of
d)st n t+e at'os$+ere.9
I E)ote t+ese 8ords beca)se1ob2o)s t+o)&+ t+er contenton ')st
see' to all t+n3n& $ersons1t s co''on eno)&+ to see $+rases )sed as
t+o)&+ o)r notons 8ere stll bo)nded b" t+e 'olec)larGas t+o)&+ 8e dd
not Bno#, as certanl" as 8e 3no8 an"t+n&1 t+at t+e &reat '"ster" of
e#stence s onl" D)st be&nnn&1 n t+at nconce2able 8orld of et+er1
$recsel" 8+ere o)r )t'ost anal"ss fals )s1 and o)r 'at+e'atcs are
red)ced to a D)n&le of nfntes and of contradctons.
%nd no8 as to t+e E)eston of $ossble tele$at+" fro' t+e dead n
-UlPne5s case. T+e nstance 8t+ 'ost n ts fa2o)r s descrbed b" Professor
4lo)rno" as follo8s ($. <>B)J
In a sttn& at '" +o)se (4ebr)ar" *.t+1 *A@@) /
lle
('t+ +as a 2son of
a 2lla&e on a +e&+t co2ered 8t+ 2nesG s+e sees a s'all old 'an co'n&
do8n t+ence b" a ston" road. -e loo3s l3e a de'C'onse)r9b)c3led
s+oes1 lar&e soft +at1 s+rtCcollar )nstarc+ed1 8t+ $onts rsn& to +s c+ee3s1
&c. % $easant n a blo)se 8+o' +e 'eets bo8s to +' as to a $ersona&e of
'$ortanceG t+e" tal3 a patois 8+c+ -UlPne cannot follo8. (+e +as an
'$resson t+at s+e 3no8s t+e 2lla&eG b)t s+e cannot dentf" t. (oon t+e
landsca$e dsa$$ears1 and t+e old 'an1 no8 clot+ed n 8+te and seen n a
l)'no)s s$ace L'$l"n& t+at +e s n t+e ne#t 8orldM see's to co'e
nearer. %t t+s 'o'ent1 as s+e sts 8t+ +er r&+t ar' restn& on t+e table1
Leo$old dctates 8t+ t+e forefn&er1 .o#er her arm. I obe"G -UlPne5s ar' at
frst ressts stron&l"G t+en "elds at once. (+e seNes a $encl1 and d)rn& t+e
)s)al str)&&le as to t+e 8a" to +old t Li.e., 8+et+er n +er o8n +abt)al
fas+onbet8een forefn&er and 'ddle fn&eror n t+e ordnar" 8a"M1
Yo) are sE)eeNn& '" +and too +ardZ9 s+e cres to t+e 'a&ned lttle old
'an 8+o1 accordn& to Leo$old1 8s+es to 8rte t+ro)&+ +erGYo) +)rt
'eG don5t $ress so +ardG 8+at can t 'atter to "o) 8+et+er t s a $encl or a
$enW9 T+en s+e dro$s t+e $encl and ta3es a $en1 and +oldn& t bet8een +ii,
GJI- t+)'b and forefn&er 8rtes slo8l" n an )n3no8n +and8rtn&1
Chaumontet syndic. T+en ret)rns t+e 2son of t+e 2lla&eG8e 8s+ to
3no8 ts na'eG and s+e ends b" $erce2n& a &)deC$ost on 8+c+ s+e s$ells
o)t Chessena3a na'e )n3no8n to )s. 4nall" +a2n&1 at '" desre1 as3ed
t+e old 'an t+e date 8+en +e 8as s"ndc1 s+e +ears +' ans8er1 *A;@.
!ot+n& 'ore can be learntG t+e 2son dsa$$ears and &2es $lace to a
$ossesson b" Leo$old1 8+o n +s b& Italan 2oce tal3s at len&t+ abo)t
2aro)s 'atters. I E)eston +' on t+e ncdent of t+e )n3no8n 2lla&e and
s"ndcG +s ans8ers1 nterr)$ted b" lon& d&ressons1 are to t+s effectJ I a'
loo3n&I t)rn '" t+o)&+ts alon& t+at &reat 'o)ntan 8t+ a t)nnel n t
8+ose na'e I do not 3no8 LLeo$oldt+e soi,disant Ca&lostro8+o
ret)rns fro' t+e e&+teent+ cent)r"1 s nat)rall" not 8ell )$ n 'odern
&eo&ra$+cal na'esG b)t t+s s t+e +ll of 4ort de l5Ecl)seMG I see t+e na'e
of C+essenaNa 2lla&e on a +e&+ta road leadn& )$ to t. Loo3 n t+at
2lla&eG "o) 8ll fnd t+e na'e LC+a)'ontetMJ tr" to Verf" t+e s&nat)reG
"o) 8ll &et a $roof t+at t+e s&nat)re s reall" t+at of t+s 'an.9
I as3 +' 8+et+er +e sees all t+s n -UlPne5s 'e'oresNo9or
8+et+er s+e +as e2er been at C+essenaNJ%s3 +erG s+e 8ll 3no8G I +a2e
not follo8ed +er n all +er e#c)rsons.9
-UlPne1 8+en a8a3e1 co)ld &2e no nfor'aton. B)t ne#t da" I fo)nd
on t+e 'a$ a lttle 2lla&e of C+essenaN n t+e de$art'ent of -a)teC(a2oe1
at t8ent"Cs# 3lo'etres fro' Gene2a.Y
L% fortn&+t later -elen sees t+e 2son of t+e ot+er da" rea$$eart+e
2lla&e1 t+e lttle old 'anGb)t acco'$aned b" a cur;, 8+o see's nt'ate
8t+ +'1 and 8+o' +e calls '" dear frend Bo)rner.9 Leo$old $ro'ses
t+at t+s cur; 8ll 8rte +s na'e for -elen.M
%t t+e ne#t sttn& n '" +o)se1 /arc+ *@t+1 I re'nd Leo$old of t+s
$ro'se.Y T+e cur; at last ta3es +er +and as t+e s"ndc +ad done and 8rtes
2er" slo8l" t+e 8ords )urnier saut.^
I 8rote to t+e /are at C+essenaN1 and t+e /a"or1 /. (a)ner1 8as
&ood eno)&+ to ans8er 'e at once. ,)rn& t+e "ears *A;A and *A;@19 +e
sad1 t+e s"ndc of C+essenaN 8as 7ean C+a)'ontet1 8+ose s&nat)re I fnd
n 2aro)s doc)'ents of t+at date. 6e +ad also for cur; /. %ndrU B)rner1
fro' !o2e'ber *A.< to 4ebr)ar" *A<*1 d)rn& 8+c+ $erod all t+e actes
des naissances, &c.1 bear +s s&nat)re. B)t I +a2e fo)nd n o)r arc+2es a
doc)'ent 8t+ bot+ s&nat)res1 8+c+ I send "o).9
LRe$rod)ctons are &2en ($. <>@) of t+e act)al s&nat)res1 and of t+e
s&nat)res &2en b" /
lle
('t+. T+e +and8rtn&s 8ere 'ar3edl" s'lar.M
Professor 4lo)rno"5s frst dea nat)rall" 8as t+at /
lle
('t+ +ad seen at
so'e t'e or ot+er so'e acts or doc)'ents s&ned b" t+e s"ndc or t+e cur;
of C+essenaN1 and t+at t+ese 2s)al '$ressons +ad rea$$eared n +er
so'na'b)lc state1 and +ad ser2ed as nternal 'odels for t+e s&nat)res
8+c+ s+e traced n trance. (+e nfor'ed +'1 n fact1 t+at s+e +ad relatons
n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood1 8t+ 8+o' s+e +ad sta"ed so'e doNen "ears earler1
b)t s+e +ad no recollecton of +a2n& e2er seen or +eard of C+essenaN1 or of
t+e t8o na'es &2en n +er trance. Bot+ na'es are1 +o8e2er1 not
)nco''on n t+at re&on1 and t see's $ossble t+at d)rn& +er 2st +er
frends 'a" +a2e s+o8n +er so'e fa'l" doc)'ent bearn& +ii,GJJ- t+e
s&nat)res1 8+c+8e ')st ass)'e(for +er $robt" s be"ond E)eston)
+ad faded fro' +er s)$ral'nal 'e'or".
*
)+3 . T+s case of Professor 4lo)rno"5s1 t+ent+s classcal case1 as t
'a" alread" be farl" ter'ed'a" ser2e +ere as o)r c)l'nant e#a'$le of
t+e free sco$e and do'nant act2t" of t+e )nasssted s)bl'nal self. T+e
tele$at+c ele'ent n t+s case1 f t e#sts1 s relat2el" s'allG 8+at 8e are
8atc+n& n /
lle
-UlPne ('t+ rese'bles1 as I +a2e sad1 a 3nd of
e#a&&eraton of t+e s)b'er&ed constr)ct2e fac)lt"1a +"$ertro$+" of
&en)s8t+o)t t+e nnate or&nalt" of 'nd 8+c+ 'ade e2en t+e drea's
of R. L. (te2enson a so)rce of $leas)re to t+o)sands of readers.
In reference to t+e 'an $)r$ose of t+s 8or31 s)c+ cases as t+ese1
+o8e2er c)ro)s1 can be onl" ntrod)ctor" to a)to'ats's of dee$er
'o'ent. In o)r atte'$t to trace an e2ol)t2e seres of $+eno'ena ndcatn&
e2er +&+er +)'an fac)lt"1 t+e s'allest tele$at+c ncdent1t+e 'ost
tr2al $roof1 f $roof t be1 of co'')ncaton rece2ed 8t+o)t sensor"
nter'edaton fro' et+er an ncarnate or a dscarnate 'nd1 o)t8e&+s n
'$ortance t+e 'ost co'$le# ra'fcatons and b)r&eonn&s of t+e
a)to'atst5s o8n s)b'er&ed ntell&ence.
I $ass on1 t+en1 to e2dence 8+c+ $onts1 t+ro)&+ 'otor a)to'ats's1 to
s)$ernor'al fac)lt"G and I s+all be&n b" ctn& n )+3 A and B certan
e#$er'ents (d)e to Professor Rc+et and to /r. G. /. ('t+) n t+e
s'$lest of all for's of 'otor a)to'ats'1 2N.1 tableCtltn&1 8t+ res)lts
8+c+ onl" tele$at+" can e#$lan. It 8ll be seen t+at t+ese e#$er'ents are
closel" $arallel to o)r s'$lest sensor" e#$er'ents n tele$at+"1 as
recorded n C+a$ter VI. %nd t 'a" be re'e'bered t+at t+e transferences of
diagrams t+ere descrbed so'et'es contaned a 'otor as 8ell as a 2s)al
ele'entGt+e $erc$ent not onl" dscernn& a 'nd5s e"e9 $ct)re of t+e
da&ra'1 b)t also feeln& an '$)lse to dra# t.
E#$er'ents l3e t+ese s+o)ld be re$eated as often as $ossble. Tr2al
t+o)&+ t+e" see'1 t+e" 'a" 8t+ a lttle care be 'ade absol)tel"
concl)s2e. -ad Professor Rc+et5s frends1 for e#a'$le1 been 8lln& to
$rolon& t+s seres1 8e '&+t +a2e +ad a standn& de'onstraton of
tele$at+"1 re$rod)cble at 8ll.
)++ . I $ass on to so'e e#$er'ents 8t+ Planc+ette1 n 8+c+ an
ele'ent of tele$at+" 8as s+o8n. T+e acco)nt ca'e fro' /rs. %lfred
/oberl"1 T"n8ald1 -"t+e1 Rent1 and 8as corroborated1 8t+ so'e
addtonal e#a'$les1 b" t8o ot+er lades $resent at t+e t'e.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. .;?.)
2ay @th, *AA<.
T+e o$erators 8ere $laced o)t of s&+t of t+e rest of t+e co'$an"1 8+o
selectedn slencea $+oto&ra$+1 one of an alb)'f)l1 and f#ed t+er
attenton on t. 6et+e o$erators8ere reE)ested to 3ee$ o)r 'nds a
blan3 as far as $ossble and follo8 t+e frst n2ol)ntar" 'oton of t+e +ii,
GJK- Planc+ette. In t+ree o)t of f2e cases t 8rote t+e na'e or ntal or
so'e 8ord descr$t2e of t+e selected $ortrat 6e also obtaned t+e
s&nat)res to letters selected n t+e sa'e 'anner. 6e bot+ 3ne8 $erfectl"
8ell t+at #e 8ere 8rtn&not t+e s$rts1 as t+e rest of t+e co'$an" $ersst
to t+s da" n bele2n&b)t +ad onl" t+e sl&+test dea 8+at t+e 8ords
'&+t $ro2e to be.
6e +a2e tred t snce1 and &enerall" 8t+ so'e c)ro)s res)lt. % cr)cal
test 8as offered b" t8o &entle'en n t+e for' of a E)eston to 8+c+ 8e
co)ldn5t $ossbl" &)ess t+e ans8er. 6+ere5s Toose"W9 T+e ans8er ca'e1
In Va)#+all Road.9 Toose"19 t+e" e#$laned1 8as a $et terrer 8+o +ad
dsa$$earedG s)s$con attac+n& to a $l)'ber l2n& n t+e road 'entoned1
8+o +ad been 8or3n& at t+e +o)se and 8+ose de$art)re concded 8t+
Toose"5s.
Of co)rse1 n t+e case of t+e nE)r" after t+e lost do&1 8e 'a" s)$$ose
t+at t+e ans8er &2en ca'e fro' t+e E)estoner5s o8n 'nd. /rs. /oberl"
and +er frends see' to +a2e been E)te a8are of t+sG and 8ere lttle l3el"
to fall nto t+e not )nco''on error of as3n& Planc+ette1 for nstance1 8+at
+orse 8ll 8n t+e ,erb"1 and sta3n&1 $er+a$s1 so'e $ec)nar"
consderaton on t+e e#tre'el" ll)sor" re$l".
)+, . In t+e ne#t case t+ere s an a$$arent ele'ent of prophecy/ and I
E)ote t n order to s+o8 +o8 fallaco)s t+s a$$earance s1 and +o8 easl"
an ordnar" 'ental antc$aton of t+e f)t)re1 f t n an" 8a" beco'es
e0ternaised, 'a" loo3 l3e a re2elaton. /ss ()''erbell s 8ell 3no8n to
'e as a caref)l obser2er.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. ..)
I +a2e )sed Planc+ette a &reat deal1 b)t t+e res)lt +as &enerall" been
nonsenseG b)t I re'e'bered t8o occasons 8+en t correctl" nter$reted t+e
t+o)&+t of so'e one n t+e roo'1 8+ose +ands 8ere not )$on t. %bo)t a
"ear a&o1 8e 8ere a')sn& o)rsel2es b" as3n& t 8+at C+rst'as $resents
8e s+o)ld +a2e. /" +ands 8ere )$on Planc+ette1 and I beieve /ss La"5s1
b)t n an" case t s E)te certan t+at net+er of t+e $ersons 8+o 8ere
to)c+n& t co)ld $ossbl" 3no8 t+e ans8er to t+e E)eston I as3ed. I sad1
6+at 8ll /ss T. +a2e at C+rst'asW9 /ss T. 8as n t+e roo'1 b)t not
near t+e table. Planc+ette ''edatel" 8rote do8n a rat+er lar&e s)' of
'one". I as3ed1 6+o s to &2e tW9 It 8rote B. and one ot+er.9 (o'e
8ee3s after8ards I 'et /ss T.1 8+o as3ed 'e f I re'e'bered 8+at
Planc+ette +ad 8rtten. I re'e'bered t $erfectl". (+e sad1 I +a2e rece2ed
'ore t+an t+at s)'1 b)t I 3ne8 abo)t t at t+e t'e1 t+o)&+ not t+e e#act
s)'1 and I bele2e t+at ')st +a2e been t+o)&+tCreadn&1 for I a' certan t+at
nobod" n t+e roo' 3ne8 of t b)t '"self.9 T+e 'one" 8as &2en b" a
relat2e 8+ose s)rna'e be&ns 8t+ B.1 and anot+er $erson.
On anot+er occason1 8e as3ed a frend to dctate a E)eston1 t+e ans8er
to 8+c+ 8e dd not 3no8. (+e sad1 6+o s co'n& to brea3fast
to'orro8W9 /ss La" and I $laced o)r +ands )$on Planc+ette and as3ed t+e
E)eston. It 8rote L)cas.9 O)r frend sad t+at 8as t+e na'e of t+e
&entle'an 8+o 8as co'n& to brea3fast. !et+er /ss La" nor I +ad e2er
+eard of +' before. O)r frend sad1 %s3 +s C+rstan na'e.9 6e as3edG
t 8rote 6lla'.9 Is t+at r&+tW9 8e as3ed o)r frend. I don5t 3no819 +ii,
GJL- s+e ans8eredG I ne2er +eard +s C+rstan na'e.9 T+en so'ebod"
else1 8+o 8as not to)c+n& Planc+ette1 re'e'bered t+at t+ere 8as a son& b"
+' so'e8+ere a'on& t+e ')sc. 6e loo3ed1 and at len&t+ fo)nd t+e son&
b" 6lla' L)cas9of 8+o' 8e +ad ne2er +eard before1 nor +a2e 8e
+eard of +' snce.
L. ,. (://ERBELL.
I can t+oro)&+l" endorse t+ese state'ents1 and co)ld ')lt$l" nstances
eE)all" c)ro)s.7. /. L%Y.
T+e $ro$+ec" of t+e C+rst'as &ft 8as do)btless a 'ere reflecton of
/ss T.5s antc$atontransferred tele$at+call" to t+e 8rter5s s)bl'nal
self1 and as re&ards t+e C+rstan na'e 6lla'19 8e 'a" ass)'e t+at (as
n t+e case of t+e 8ord Dem n a $re2o)s narrat2e) t+e na'e $rnted on t+e
son&1 alt+o)&+ no one consco)sl" re'e'bered t1 +ad been 2a&)el" notced
b" /r. L)cas5 frend at so'e $re2o)s t'e1 and no8 rea$$eared fro' t+e
stores of )nconsco)s 'e'or".
)+' . In anot+er case1 /r. %llbr&+t1 of /are'ont1 Br'n&+a'1 a
c+e'cal 'an)fact)rer (8+ose letter to 'e I abbre2ate +ere)1 as3ed a "o)n&
lad"1 of 8+ose co'$lete &norance of t+e facts of +s b)sness +e felt E)te
s)re1 for t+e na'e of a 8aste $rod)ct occ)rrn& on a lar&e scale n +s
'an)factor". -e meant t+e ans8er to be &"$s)'19 b)t c+lorde of
calc)'9 8as 8rtten1 and t+s 8as also tr)eG alt+o)&+1 +ad +e t+o)&+t of
t+s s)bstance1 +e 8o)ld +a2e t+o)&+t of t b" ts trade na'e of ')rate of
l'e.9 %&an1 +e as3ed 8+at 8as +s fr'5s $ort of '$ortaton. -e 'eant
t+e ans8er to be Glo)cester19 b)t 6ales9 8as 8rttenG and t+s a&an 8as
tr)e at t+e t'e1 as +e 8as D)st t+en '$ortn& t+ro)&+ Cardff. T+ese
ans8ers startled +' so dsa&reeabl" t+at +e ref)sed to 'a3e f)rt+er
e#$er'ents. B)t I cte t+e case +ere for t+e e#$ress $)r$ose of $ontn& o)t
t+at no ns)$erable dffc)lt" s $resented b" t+e fact t+at t+e ans8ers1 8+le
s)bstantall" 3no8n to t+e nE)rer1 8ere not t+ose on 8+c+ +s
s)$ral'nal 'nd 8as f#ed.
)+* . In '" ne#t case an ans8er s &2en 8+c+ s n fact tr)e1 alt+o)&+
t+e E)estoner bele2ed t at t+e t'e to be false. T+e acco)nt1 8+c+ I E)ote
fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. ?1 ca'e fro' /r. 6. Rddell of
,)nster1 (o'erset.
1uy *AA<.
T+e 8a" I beca'e acE)anted 8t+ Planc+ette9 8as as follo8sJ%
frend of '" 8fe5s s sta"n& 8t+ )s1 and one da" s+e 8as tal3n& abo)t
Planc+ette19 and sa"n& t+at s+e +ad one at +er +o'e1 n London1 and +ad
seen so'e re'ar3able ans8ers &2en b" t 8+en a certan "o)n& lad" +ad
+er +ands on t. Bot+ '" 8fe and I la)&+ed at t+e dea1 sa"n& not+n&
8o)ld 'a3e )s bele2e n t. /ss B. ('" 8fe5s frend)1 to $ro2e +erself
r&+t1 sent for +er Planc+ette.9 In t+e co)rse of a da" or t8o t arr2ed1 and
+a2n& $)t t to&et+er /ss B. and I tred t1 b)t 8t+o)t an" res)lt be"ond a
fe8 lnes )$ and do8n t+e $a$er. T+en '" 8fe $)t +er +ands on t 8t+
/ss B.1 and n a 2er" s+ort t'e t be&an to 'o2e1 and on ben& as3ed
ans8ered E)estons 2er" freel"1 so'e r&+tl" and so'e E)te 8ron&l".
%'on&st t+ose ans8ered r&+tl" 8ere t+e follo8n&. (I 'a" +ere obser2e
t+at +ii,GJM- not onl" dd '" 8fe and '"self not bele2e n t1 b)t 8e 8ere
anta&onstc to t n feeln&.) O)r frst E)eston 8as as3ed b" '"self1 '"
8fe and /ss B. +a2n& t+er +ands on t. I sad1 -o8 'an" s+lln&s +as
/ss B. n +er $)rseW9 %ns.4o)r9 r&+t. I t+en as3ed +o8 'an" cons I
+ad n 'ne. %ns.42e9 r&+t. I t+o)&+t I +ad 'an" 'ore. I t+en too3 a
$la"n& card fro' a $ac3 n a bo#1 loo3ed at t1 $)t t face do8n on a table1
and as3ed for ts colo)r. %ns.Red9 r&+t. !)'ber(e2en9 r&+t. !a'e
-earts9 r&+t. T+s1 I ')st confess1 see'ed to 'e 2er" 8onderf)l1 as
net+er '" 8fe nor /ss B. co)ld $ossbl" +a2e 3no8n an"t+n& abo)t t+e
card. I t+en too3 a 2stn& card fro' t+e botto' of t+e bas3et1 and +a2n&
loo3ed at t1 $laced t face do8n8ards on t+e table1 and as3ed Planc+ette9
for t+e na'e on t. T+s t see'ed E)te )nable to &2e1 b)t after a lon& t'e
t 8rote cler&"'an19 8+c+ 8as a 8onderf)l ans8er1 as t+e card 8as t+at
of a Re2. 8+o 8as +ere t8o 8nters a&o1 +el$n& o)r rector. %fter t+s
8e dd not &et an"t+n& 'ore satsfactor".
!o81 +ere1 as no co'$lete lst of t+e ans8ers +as been $reser2ed1 8e
cannot feel s)re t+at t+e ans8er f2e19 as to t+e n)'ber of cons n /r.
Rddell5s $oc3et1 'a" not +a2e been r&+t b" 'ere accdent. B)t '" $ont s
t+at1 e2en e#cl)dn& t+e dea of 'ere c+ance concdence1 t+ere s stll
not+n& n t+e ans8er 8+c+ obl&es )s to &o be"ond /r. Rddell5s o8n
'nd. -s s)bl'nal self 'a" 8ell +a2e been a8are of t+e n)'ber of cons
n +s $oc3et1 alt+o)&+ +s s)$ral'nal self 8as not.
)+) . T+ese fe8 cases 'a" s)ffce to lead )s )$ to t+e $al'ar" case of
t+e late Re2. P. -. !e8n+a'1 Vcar of /a3er1 ,e2on$ort1 8+o 8as
$ersonall" 3no8n to Ed')nd G)rne" and '"self1 and 8as a 'an n all
8a"s 8ort+" of +&+ res$ect. T+e lon& seres of co'')ncatons bet8een
/r. !e8n+a' and +s 8fe1 8+c+ date bac3 to *A=*1 and 8+ose
conte'$oraneo)s 8rtten record s $reser2ed n t+e arc+2es of t+e (.P.R.1
')st1 I t+n31 al8a"s retan t+er $r'ac" as earl" and tr)st8ort+" e#a'$les
of a tele$at+c transference 8+ere t+e $erc$ent5s a)to'atc scr$t ans8ers
E)estons $enned b" t+e a&ent n s)c+ a $oston t+at t+e $erc$ent co)ld
not n an" nor'al 'anner dscern 8+at t+ose E)estons 8ere. !o $art of o)r
e2dence see's to 'e 'ore 8ort+" of st)d" t+an t+s. /r. !e8n+a' +ad
for 'an" "ears $ad caref)l attenton to $s"c+cal $+eno'ena1 and
es$ecall" +ad been consco)s of a freE)ent n2ol)ntar" trans'sson of
t+o)&+t fro' +'self to /rs. !e8n+a'. %n nstance of $s"c+cal
n2ason9 n slee$ 8+en /rs. !e8n+a' dscerned +s $resence s E)oted n
+() C . T+s occ)rred before t+er 'arra&e.
)+9 . ()bseE)entl"1 /r. !e8n+a' 'ade 'an" atte'$ts to trans't
t+o)&+t 2ol)ntarl" to +s 8fe1 b)t s)cceeded onl" n t+e "ear *A=*1 d)rn&
a $erod of abo)t e&+t 'ont+s.
,)rn& t+at $erod +e 'ade notes fro' da" to da" n a $r2ate dar"1
8+c+ dar" +e 8as &ood eno)&+ to $lace n '" +ands n *AA<. T+ere are <>
$a&es of /(. notes1 contann& ;A? a)to'atcall"C8rtten re$les to
E)estons. /r. !e8n+a' 'ade t+e e#$er'ents $)rel" for +s o8n
satsfacton1 and 8t+o)t an" dea of s)b'ttn& t+e' to $)blc ns$ecton1
+ii,GJN- and conseE)entl" t+e E)estons ncl)de 'an" references to +s
do'estc affars at t+e t'e1 to fa'l" Do3es1 and to ot+er 'atters 8+c+1
8+le ll)stratn& t+e nt'ate and s$ontaneo)s c+aracter of t+e dar"1 are
not s)ted for $)blcaton. /r. !e8n+a'1 +o8e2er1 3ndl" 'ade lon&
e#tracts for 'e1 so'e of 8+c+ I $rnt n )+9 A. I caref)ll" co'$ared t+e
e#tracts 8t+ t+e or&nal dar"1 and consder t+at t+e" &2e a E)te far
'$resson of t. /rs. !e8n+a' nde$endentl" corroborated +er +)sband5s
acco)nt1
*
and I also tal3ed t+e 'atter o2er 8t+ bot+ of t+e'.
It ')st be dstnctl" )nderstood t+at /rs. !e8n+a' dd not see or +ear
t+e E)estons 8+c+ /r. !e8n+a' 8rote do8n. T+e fact1 t+erefore1 t+at +er
ans8ers bore an" relaton to t+e E)estons s+o8s t+at t+e sense of t+e
E)estons 8as tele$at+call" con2e"ed to +er. T+s s t+e leadn& and
'$ortant fact. T+e substance of t+e re$les 8rtten s also nterestn&1 and
/r. !e8n+a' +as so'e &ood co''ents t+ereon. B)t e2en +ad t+e re$les
contaned no facts 8+c+ /rs. !e8n+a' co)ld not +a2e 3no8n1 t+s 8o)ld
not detract fro' t+e 'an 2al)e of t+e e2dence1 8+c+ conssts n t+e fact
t+at 2rs. Ne#nhamQs hand #rote repies ceary and repeatedy ans#ering
questions #hich she neither heard nor sa#.
),0 . I &2e n ),0 A a seres of e#$er'ents on a s'aller scale1 b)t
analo&o)s to t+ose of /r. and /rs. !e8n+a'.
),1 . In t+e !e8n+a' case 8e +a2e t+e ad2anta&e of seen& before )s
t+e entre seres of E)estons and ans8ers1 and t+)s of satsf"n& o)rsel2es
t+at t+e 'sses (8+c+ n t+at case are 2er" fe8) are 'ar3ed as 8ell as t+e
+ts1 and conseE)entl" t+at t+e concdences bet8een E)eston and ans8er
are at an" rate not t+e res)lt of c+ance. In se2eral ot+er cases 8+c+ I +a2e
3no8n1 8+ere t+e &ood fat+ of t+e nfor'ants +as been eE)all" abo2e
E)eston1 t+e $ossblt" of an e#$lanaton b" c+ance alone +as been a 'ore
'$ortant ele'ent n t+e $roble'. %ll o)r e2dence +ii,GJO- +as tended to
s+o8 t+at t+e tele$at+c $o8er tself s a 2arable t+n&G t+at t s+o8s tself
n flas+es1 for t+e 'ost $art s$ontaneo)sl"1 and seldo' $erssts t+ro)&+ a
seres of delberate e#$er'ents. %nd f an a)to'atst $ossessn& $o8er of
t+s )ncertan 3nd +as e#ercsed t at rre&)lar 'o'ents and 8t+ no
scentfc a'Gand +as 3e$t1 'oreo2er1 no stead" record of s)ccess and
fal)reGt+en t beco'es dffc)lt to sa" t+at e2en so'e brllant
concdences afford co&ent $roof of tele$at+c acton. T+e case 8+c+ s
ne#t cted (n ),1 A ) $resents t+ese dra8bac3sG b)t t $resents also $ost2e
$onts of nterest and corroboratons of 'e'or" E)te s)ffcent1 I t+n31 to
D)stf" 'e n la"n& t before '" readers as an e#a'$le of tele$at+" actn&
not D)st n t+e 8a" n 8+c+ 8e s+o)ld l3e t to act1 b)t n t+e 8a" n
8+c+ t a$$arentl" does actGand 8t+ t+at stran&e nterc)rrence1
'oreo2er1 8+c+ 8e so often fnd of so'et+n& l3e clar2o"ance and
$re'onton 'n&ln& 8t+ t+e reflecton of t+o)&+ts 8+c+ $ass t+ro)&+
'nds n rapport 8t+ t+e a)to'atst5s. B)t I E)ote t+e case as one 8+ere
tele$at+" fro' t+e l2n& see's to $la" at least a consderable $art n
s)$$l"n& t+e contents of t+e 'essa&es.
),( . I $ass on to a case 8+ere an act)al con2ersaton &oes on bet8een
t+e dstant a&ent and t+e a)to'atst1 nfor'n& t+e a)to'atst of 'atters
8+c+ t+e a&ents)$ral'nall" or s)bl'nall"8s+es +' to 3no8.
E2dentall" t s not stron&1 for t de$ends )$on a sn&le 'e'or"1
corroborated on one collateral $ont alone (alt+o)&+ not n2aldated )$on
an" $ont)G and t+e 8rter 8as not $ersonall" 3no8n to an" of )s. T+e date
s also 2er" re'ote. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e reasons for t+e absence of
corroboraton see' satsfactor"G and n '" 2e8 at least t+e narrat2e offers
nternal e2dence of +onest" and care1 8+le t+e ncdent s s)c+ as '&+t
sta'$ tself $er'anentl" on t+e 'nd.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <A.)
/rs. Rrb" 8rote to 'e fro' (anta Cr)N1 Calforna1 %)&)st *;t+1 *AAB1
as follo8sJ
In *A?> I left !e8 Yor3 for (an 4rancsco. ($rt)als'1 n t+e sense n
8+c+ t+at 8ord s no8 )sed1 +ad no e#stence. T+e facts and $+loso$+" t
co2ers 8ere )n3no8n1 e#ce$t $artall" to t+e 2er" fe8 readers of
(8edenbor&5s c)'bro)s and n2ol2ed t+eolo&".
%ttenton +ad been called to so'e ra$$n&s 8+c+ +ad 'ade t+e'sel2es
+eard n a +o)se n Roc+ester1 !.Y.1 and t+ere +ad been so'e 2olent
de'onstratons (brea3n& of 8ndo8s1 'o2n& of f)rnt)re1 and )nloc3n&
of loc3ed dra8ers and doors) n t+e +o)se of an ort+odo# cler&"'an
so'e8+ere n Connectc)t.
In *A?; I 8as l2n& on a ranc+e t+ree 'les fro' 8+at s no8 t+e ct" of
(anta Cr)N. (It 8as b)t a 2lla&e t+en1 t+o)&+ t+e" called t a to8n.) /"
fa'l" conssted of '" +)sband1 '"self1 and1 n a certan sense1 of a "o)n&
En&ls+ salor1 a +ealt+"1 3ndC+earted1 and 2er" decent1 t+o)&+ 2er"
&norant fello81 8+o' '" +)sband +ad e'$lo"ed to 8or3 on t+e ranc+e
d)rn& t+e $re2o)s "ear. -s na'e 8as T+o'as Tra2ers1 and +e +ad D)st
'ade +s 'ar3 (#) to a 8rtten a&ree'ent for anot+er "ear5s ser2ce. %s t
8ll be seen1 +ii,GKP- I +ad no ser2ant1 b)t To' stood read" to +el$ 'e n
an" 8a" +e co)ld. 4or nstance1 8+en1 at nter2als of 8ee3s1 2stors 8o)ld
'a3e t+er a$$earance1 +e 8o)ld ''edatel" 3ll and clean so'e c+c3ens
for 'e. (If "o) 8anted beefCstea3 n t+ose da"s "o) co)ld onl" +a2e t b"
3lln& an o#. T+e nearest ne&+bo)rs so'et'es co'bned and too3 a
E)arter eac+.)
On one occason t+e t8o 'ost ntell&ent 'en n to8n ca'e o)t1 a ,r.
/cLean and t+e Re2. ,r"den1 and t+e" $resentl" as3ed 'e f I +ad a
s'all table I co)ld let t+e' +a2e (8+le I 8as b)s"1 and '" +)sband a 'le
off at +s tanner")1 8t+ 8+c+ t+e" co)ld contn)e so'e stran&e
e#$er'ents t+at +ad latel" been 'ade a'on& o)r ')t)al frends n to8n.
($rts t$$ed t+e table1 and t+e" sad sentences 8ere s$elled b" t+e )se of
t+e al$+abet. T+at %5s and B5s +ad n t+s 8a" +eard of t+er lon& snce
de$arted c+ldren1 &c.1 &c.
I lstened ea&erl". I +ad left a lar&e crcle of frends at t+e East1 and here
8as not one of t+e old 3ndJ L)creta /ott1 L)c" (tone1 Garrson1 P)r2s. %
2e8 of t+e entre ba" of /ontere" fro' '" sttn&Croo' 8ndo8 dd not
$re2ent 'e fro' lon&n& contn)all" for a lttle of t+e old s"'$at+". One of
'" 'ost de2oted frends +ad a fe8 "ears snce $assed to t+e ot+er s+oreG '"
"o)n& brot+er 8as t+ere too. If I co)ld establs+ co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e'1
8+at a relef1 8+at a $leas)re t 8o)ld be to 'eZ
/" s'allest table 8as n sNe ;m ft. b" *m ft. /" +)sband 8as 8lln&
to test t+e 'atter1 and as 8e 8ere &2en to )nderstand t+at t+ree or fo)r
$ersons to&et+er 8o)ld be 'ore l3el" to s)cceed t+an t8o (snce
'a&nets' or electrct" 8as dra8n fro' t+e' b" t+e n2sbles to +el$ n
acco'$ls+n& t+er obDect)1 /r. R. 8ent o)t to To'5s s+ant" and as3ed +'
to co'e and st at t+e table 8t+ )s.
6e +ad not +eld o)r +ands one 'o'ent on t+e table before t t$$ed
2er" decdedl"1 and I fort+8t+ $roceeded to re$eat t+e al$+abet. T+e don&
so1 +o8e2er1 str)c3 'e as 8orse t+an rdc)lo)sG t 8as 2er" )n$leasant1 too1
and I obser2ed t+at f s$rts 8ere $resent t+e" co)ld +ear 'e sa" t+e letters
n '" 'nd as 8ell as f t+e" 8ere )ttered fro' '" ton&)e.
%ll r&+t. Go a+eadZ9 '" +)sband re$led1 8e 8ll st and 8at for
res)lts.9
I dd so1 and t+e table t$$ed $ro'$tl" to t+e letters1 s$elln& o)t
/ar" -o8ells.9
%s ( 3ne8 no s)c+ $erson1 I as3ed f s+e 8as a frend of /r. R.5sW
%ns8erJ !o.9 Of To'5sW %ns8erJ Yes.9 % relaton of +sW %ns8erJ
(ster.9 %re "o) 'arredW I E)estoned. %ns8erJ !o.9
O+1 don5t let )s 8aste an" 'ore t'eZ9 I e#cla'ed. It5s all false+ood
and nonsense. -ere s so'e one $rofessn& to be To'5s sster 8+o sa"s +er
na'e s /ar" -o8ells1 and t+at s+e s )n'arred. If t+s 8ere tr)e1 of
co)rse +er na'e 8o)ld be Tra2ers.9
To' nodded asde to 'e and sad n a lo8 tone
Yes1 ')'. T+at5s +er na'e. /ar" -o8ells.9
-e loo3ed e#tre'el" conf)sed and astons+ed.
6+"1 8+at do "o) 'eanW9 /r. R. bro3e nG "o)r na'e s Tra2ers1
+o8 can +ers be -o8ellsW9
!o1 sr19 To' re$led1 loo3n& do8n1 '" na'e s -o8ells.9
B)t /r. R. nssted t+at t co)ld not be. -ad +e not 'ade +s 'ar3 after
t+e Tra2ers onl" t+e ot+er da"W 42e 'n)tes 8ere ta3en )$ n t+e atte'$t to
con2nce To' t+at +e dd not 3no8 +s o8n na'e.
+ii,GKG-
Yo) see1 sr19 +e at len&t+ e#$laned1 I ran a8a" fro' a 8+ale s+$ n
(an 4rancsco1 and salors s so scarce t+ere I 8as afrad t+e" 8o)ld +)nt
'e )$ and ta3e 'e bac31 so I D)st too3 anot+er na'e.9
-ardl" con2nced no81 /r. R. ad2sed +' to dro$ t+e alas at once1
ass)rn& +' t+at no one 8o)ld 'olest +'. T+s +e dd1 and t+e second
"ear follo8n& 'arred1 and +e s no8 t+e fat+er of t8el2e &rls and t+ree
bo"s 8+o bear t+e stran&el" dsco2ered na'e.
B)t to ret)rn. 4ndn& t+at t+e co'')ncaton +ad been so far correct1 I
$ro$osed t+at 8e s+o)ld co'$ose o)rsel2es 8+le I re$eated t+e al$+abet as
before1 stll +o$n& to rece2e t+e na'e of '" dear frend. B)t To'5s sster
+ad not acco'$ls+ed +er $)r$ose1 and s+e $roceeded to s$ell t+e follo8n&
8ordsJ
I+a2eac+lda&rl.(+esse2en"earsoldand
no8 sna+o)seofllfa'enCat(treet.I8ant
'"brot+ertobrn&+era8a"fro't+ere.9
T+s 8as a dffc)lt and $anf)l 'essa&e to con2e"1 and I told To' t+at I
dd not l3e to tell +' 8+at 8as s$elt.
(+e sa"s t+at s+e +as a lttle &rl se2en "ears old19 I be&an.
-ere +e re'o2ed +s +ands E)c3l" fro' t+e table1 and co)ntn& on t+e
fn&ers of one +and b" t+ose of t+e ot+er1 loo3ed )$ and obser2edJ
Yes1 ')'1 t+at5s so. (+e5s se2en no8.9
6+en I &a2e +' t+e rest of t+e 'essa&e +e beca'e ')c+ e#cted1 and
be&&ed 'e to ass)re +s sster t+at +e 8o)ld send +o'e ?> dols. t+e ne#t
'ont+1 and +a2e t+e c+ld re'o2ed to a better $lace1 and t+at as soon as t+e
cro$s 8ere n +e 8o)ld &o +o'e and &et t+e c+ld.
I ass)red +' s+e co)ld +ear all +e 8as sa"n&.
B)t s t tr)e t+at t+ere s a street called Cat (treetW9 I as3ed.
Yes1 ')'G and t s t+e 8orst n t+e ct"19 +e ret)rned.
T+e follo8n& da" +e ac3no8led&ed to 'e t+at +s sster 8as a 8o'an
of t+e to8n.
I no8 as3ed '" +)sband to $roc)re 'e a s'aller and l&+ter table so
t+at I '&+t st at t b" '"self1 and n t+at 8a" be 'ore l3el" to attract '"
o8n frends. T+s +e dd1 b)t to '" &reat anno"ance1 /ar" -o8ells
''edatel" $resented +erself. T+s t'e1 +o8e2er1 s+e ca'e to sa" t+at +er
c+ld 8as ll. 6+en s+e left t+e 'o2e'ents of t+e table 8ere 8ea3 and
)ncertan.
T+e follo8n& e2enn&1 s+e ca'e to sa" t+at t+e c+ld 8as ')c+ 8orse1
and s+e t+o)&+t t 8o)ld de. % da" or t8o later s+e re$orted t dead. I as3ed
f t+e c+ld 8ere no8 8t+ +er1 and s+e re$led b" 2er" decded 'o2e'ents1
t+at s+e #as not.
%fter t+s1 /ar" -o8ells ne2er $)t n an a$$earance1 and e2er" da" I
$ra"ed t+at so'e one I lo2ed '&+t s$ea3 a 8ord to 'e. T+e" dd not. I
3no8 no8 t+at t+e" co)ld not1 for 8ant of t+e +onest salor5s electrcal +el$1
8+c+ I reDected n '" &norance. (eafarn& $ersons are a$t to $ossess &reat
'ed)'stc $o8er.
%fter +earn& t+at t+e c+ld 8as dead I 8rote a &)arded letter to To'5s
$arents1 for +'1 as3n& +o8 t+e" all 8ere1 ncl)dn& t+e lttle &rl. In d)e
t'e I rece2ed a re$l"1 or1 I s+o)ld sa"1 To' dd1 t+o)&+ +e co)ld not read
8rtn&. T+e" sad t+e" 8ere all 8ell e#ce$t /ar"5s lttle &rl1 8+o +ad ded.
(T+e" dd not sa" e#actl" 8+en1 b)t as To' +ad not been absent fro'
En&land ')c+ o2er a "ear1 t ')st +a2e been 8t+n t+at t'e1 and 8e +ad
e2er" reason +ii,GKH- to bele2e t+e 'ot+er5s state'ent a tr)e one.) T+e old
$eo$le f)rt+er sad t+at 2ary had married a sodier.
I )nderstood fro' t+s t+at t+e c+ld5s 'ot+er 8as not 8+oll" de$ra2ed1
t+at s+e 8as concerned abo)t t+e 8elfare of +er lttle one1 and loo3n& abo)t
for +el$ n +er destt)te crc)'stances +er t+o)&+ts +ad t)rned to +er
brot+er1 'ost l3el" $ersstentl" t)rned to +'1 and t+s res)lted n +er
lea2n& +er bod" te'$orarl" d)rn& slee$ n searc+ of +'. 6e +ad
assumed t+at s+e 8as1 as 8e sa"1 dead.9 (+e +ad not asserted t+e fact.
I s)b't t+s one e#$erence and 8ll 8rte o)t anot+er as soon as I can.
Ver" tr)l" "o)rs1
GEORGI%!% B. RIRBY.
% second letter fro' /rs. Rrb"1 dated (anta Cr)N1 Cal.1 October *.t+1
*AAB1 &a2e f)rt+er $artc)lars as follo8sJ
,E%R (IR1Yo)rs of (e$te'ber @t+ arr2ed n d)e season. /" re$l"
+as been dela"ed b" '" neffect)al efforts to ascertan t+e month 8+en o)r
t8o frends1 /cLean and ,r"den1 2sted )s on t+e ranc+e1 beca)se t 8as
8t+n a 'ont+ after t+s t+at /ar" -o8ells told 'e +er c+ld 8as ll1 and
later t+at s+e 8as dead1 and I t+o)&+t t '&+t not be so dffc)lt to searc+
t+e deat+ record of one 'ont+ for t+e c+ld )nder t+e +ead of -o8ells.9 %s
t s t+e &entle'en +a2e $ro2ed to 'e t+at t+er 2st occ)rred n *A?.1 and
not n *A?; as I +ad s)$$osed1 b)t t+e" co)ld not re'e'ber f t 8ere t+e
s$rn& or fall of t+at "ear. T+s1 o)r &norance of t+e date of t+e deat+ and of
t+e c+ld5s C+rstan na'e1 s t+e 'ost )nsatsfactor" $art of '" record.
!et+er 8ere 'entoned n t+e &randfat+er5s letter1 and fro' To' ne2er
'entonn& t+e na'e I fanced +e dd not 3no8 t. I sa8 +' recentl"1 b)t I
co)ld not 2ent)re to s$ea3 to +' of +s sster5s lle&t'ate c+ld. -e +as
t8el2e l2n& da)&+ters of +s o8n1 and +e 8o)ld be D)stl" offended f I
s+o)ld re'nd +' of +o8 8e +ad &aned a 3no8led&e of +s sster5s lfe. -e
told )s t+at +s fat+er 8as stll al2e and l2n& 8+ere t+e" al8a"s +ad l2ed1
at (altas+1 8+c+ +e t+o)&+t b" t+s t'e ')st be a $art of Pl"'o)t+.
I s+o)ld e#$lan t+at net+er ,r. /cLean nor t+e Re2.,r"den 8ere
$ersonall" co&nsant of o)r don&s1 so t+at t+e" co)ld not act as 8tnesses n
t+e case.
Yo) as3 f I can $ont "o) to an" conte'$orar" record. T+rt"Cfo)r "ears
a&o no ($rt)alstc $a$er 8as $)bls+ed n t+e :nted (tates1 and s)c+ a
narraton &2en as true n an" ordnar" Do)rnal 8o)ld +a2e lad )s o$en to
t+e c+ar&e of l)nac". %nd +ad t+s been ot+er8se1 8e co)ld not +a2e
$rocla'ed t+e fact t+at t+e sster of t+e +onest fello8 8+o 8as 8or3n& for
)s 8as a dsre$)table 8o'an.
%s to fra)d on To'5s $art1 +e co)ld +ardl" )nderstand 8+" 8e 8anted
+' to st 8t+ +s +ands on t+e table. I re$eated t+e letters in my mind. -o8
co)ld +e t$ t+e table at t+e r&+t nstant so as to s$ell 8ords 8+c+ dsclosed
+s sster5s ds&raceW T+en +e 8as n no 8ant of 'one". -e +ad been
earnn& B> dols. a 'ont+ (and +ad s$ent t all1 'ostl" at ($ans+ fandan&os)G
and t+e a&ree'ent 8t+ '" +)sband1 to 8+c+ +e +ad latel" $laced +s \1
bo)nd +' to 8or3 for /r. R. for one "ear for t+e s)' of B> dols. a 'ont+
and +s board and lod&n&. Yo)1 sr1 ')st +a2e read so'et+n& abo)t t+e
+&+ $rce of labo)r n Calforna n t+ose earl" "ears of ts settle'ent.
T+e sttn&s 8ere +eld after s)$$er (or dnner1 "o) 8o)ld call t)1
bet8een se2en and nne o5cloc3.
+ii,GKI-
Cat (treet 8as n Pl"'o)t+1 En&land. If t +as &2en $lace to anot+er t+e
fact of ts for'er e#stence co)ld be 2erfed.
GEORGI%!% B. RIRBY.
T+e act)al e#stence of t+e Cat (treet9 of t+e narrat2e s s+o8n b" t+e
follo8n& letterJ
PO(T O44ICE1 PLY/O:T-1 1anuary .;rd, *AAA.
(IR1In re$l" to "o)rs of t+e .*st nstant1 I be& to nfor' "o) t+at a fe8
"ears a&o t+ere 8as a street na'ed Catte (treet1 b)t t s no8 called (tll'an
(treet.I a'1 sr1 "o)rs obedentl"1
R. %. LEVERTO! (for PO(T/%(TER).
T+e re&retted deat+ of /rs Rrb" soon after t+e date of +er last letter $)t
an end to t+s corres$ondence.
It 8ll be obser2ed t+at t+e co'')ncatons fro' t+e 8o'an at
Pl"'o)t+ 8ere rece2ed at an +o)r 8+c+1 n En&land1 fell n t+e 'ddle of
t+e n&+t.
6t+ /rs. Rrb"5s case 8e 'a" co'$are an old1 b)t caref)ll"
e2denced1 record 8+c+ I &2e n ),( A.
In t+at case a 8arnn& 8as rece2ed b" tableCtltn& of t+e a$$roac+n&
deat+ of a 'an 8+o (alt+o)&+ t+e e#$er'enter dd not 3no8 t) 8as l"n&
n a state of o$)'Cst)$or. T+e crc)'stances of +s last llness +ad
$re2o)sl" been $redcted b" a cr"stalC2son. It s1 of co)rse1 conce2able
t+at1 f ndeed t 8as t+e sc3 'an5s o8n s$rt 8+c+ &a2e t+e 'essa&e
t+ro)&+ t+e table1 +s o8n s$rt also 'a" +a2e ns$red t+e cr"stalC2son.
Co'$are 8t+ t+s case t+e ncdent descrbed b" /r. :nder8ood . )', A /
8+ere /rs. :nder8ood5s left +and 8rote n 'rrorC8rtn&9 t+e na'e of a
$erson t8o +)ndred 'les off1 8+o 8as1 as 8as s)bseE)entl" learnt1 n an
)nconsco)s state at t+e t'e1 and 2er" near deat+1 8+c+ occ)rred t8o or
t+ree da"s after8ards.9 T+ere +a2e been so'e scattered ndcatons1
t+ro)&+o)t o)r e2dence of a)to'ats's1 of a $ossble $re'ontor"
3no8led&e1 or &)ardan care1 $ossessed and e#ercsed b" a 'an5s o8n
dee$er self1 8t+o)t e#ternal s$rt)al nter2enton.
I add n ),( B t+e case of (&nor Bonatt1 8+ere1 a&an1 so'e of t+e
co'')ncatons t+ro)&+ a)to'atc 8rtn& are &2en as co'n& fro' l2n&
$ersons1 t+o)&+ t+e )s)al co'')ncator fran3l" st"les tself (econdo19 as
ben& no 'ore t+an t+e a)to'atst5s secondar" $ersonalt".
),3 . I $ass on to a s'all &ro)$ of cases 8+c+ for' a c)ro)s transton
fro' t+ese co'')ncatons inter vivos to co'')ncatons 8+c+ I s+all
class as co'n& fro' t+e dead. T+ese are cases 8+ere t+e 'essa&e $rofesses
to co'e fro' a deceased $erson1 b)t s+o8s nternal e2dence of +a2n&
co'e1 tele$at+call"1 fro' t+e 'nd of so'e one $resent. I s+all be&n 8t+
a case s)c+ as s often cted as $roof (ns)ffcent $roof1 I t+n3) t+at a
deceased $erson s co'')ncatn&.
O)r nfor'ant1 /r. Le8s1 a 'an of b)sness n Cncnnat1 states t+at an
a)to'atst to 8+o' +s (/r. Le8s5s) fa'l" 8ere absol)tel" )n3no8n
8rote a 'essa&e1 8t+ tr)e na'e1 $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' an nfant sster
+ii,GKJ- lon& deceased. /r. Le8s1 nat)rall" eno)&+1 acce$ts t+s 'essa&e1
as s'lar 'essa&es +a2e often been acce$ted1 as an ndcaton of +s sster5s
act)al $resence.
T+e acco)nt s E)oted fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. B<.
4ro' /r. (. LE6I(1 ;<= Ba"'ller %2en)e1 Cncnnat.
Apri @th, *AAA.
On 7an)ar" .At+ last I called at t+e +o)se of so'e frendsG and on t+s
occason t+ere 8as so'e $lanc+ette 8rtn&. T+e frends I called on1 I
bele2e1 are $rofessed ($rt)alsts. (o'e fo)r or f2e of )s (I also dd) sat
aro)nd a table n a f)ll and 8ellCl&+ted roo' (l&+ted t+e entre e2enn&).
T+e o$erator of t+e $lanc+ette 8as a lad"G +er +)sband 8as at t+e table1 also
t+ree ot+er frends1 ncl)dn& '"self. ,fferent co'')ncatons (so called)
8ere rece2ed b" dfferent ones at t+e table1 fro' dfferent frends (as t+e
($rt)alsts sa")1 8+o +a2e $assed nto t+e s$rt 8orld. I can5t &2e all
co'')ncatons toda"1 b)t one I 8s+ to state. B)t frst let 'e sa" t+at
'an" "ears snce n '" fat+er5s fa'l" t+e frst lttle one t+at ca'e to l2e
a s+ort t'e8t+ t+e' 8as a lttle &rl1 na'ed %n&elneG s+e l2ed onl"
abo)t t8o "ears and dedG ne#t to t+s lttle &rl 8as a brot+er1 na'ed
C+arles (n after lfe a cler&"'an n t+e E$sco$al C+)rc+)G and ne#t to
C+arles 8as anot+er lttle sster aso na'ed %n&elne1 and ne#t to +er 8as
anot+er sster na'ed B. %nnG t+en ne#t to B. %nn a$$eared1 8ell1 "o)r
+)'ble ser2ant1 myse$, to be+old 'an" of t+e bea)tes of t+s bea)tf)l
8orld. (o t+at "o) see t+at bet8een t+e t8o bref "ears of '" frst lttle
sster1 %n&elne (*st)1 and '" o8n co'n& on t+s &lobe t+ere 8as born one
brot+er and t8o sstersG t+erefore1 '" frst lttle sster1 %n&elne (*st)1 I
ne2er sa8G and onl" +eard '" 'ot+er (n +er lfet'e) s$ea3 of %n&elne
(*st)1 and I +a2e also seen +er na'e n t+e records1 &c.1 n t+e Bble at '"
old +o'e.
T+e o$erator of t+e $lanc+ette1 on t+e e2enn& of 8+c+ I a' s$ea3n&1
3ne8 not+n& of '" fat+er5s fa'l" (e#ce$tn&1 of co)rse1 '"self). I ne2er
+ad 'entoned one 8ord to t+e o$erator (of $lanc+ette)1 or an" one else n
t+at lttle co'$an"1 an"t+n& 8+ate2er abo)t '" brot+ers and ssters or e2en
abo)t '" fat+er5s fa'l" n an" 8a" or 'annerG and besdes1 8e all l2ed
and &re8 )$ n t+e nort+ $art of t+e (tate1 not far dstant fro' La3e Ere1
8+le t+e o$erator +as (I t+n3) l2ed n t+e so)t+ $art of t+s (tate not far
dstant fro' t+e O+o R2erG and t+ere ne2er +as been an" acquaintance nor
an" co'')ncaton bet8een an" 'e'ber of '" fat+er5s fa'l" (or an" one
else e2en) to &2e an" +stor" or nfor'aton of an" 3nd to t+e o$erator1 and
I certanl" ne2er &a2e t+e o$erator an" nfor'aton 8+ate2er )ntl a$ter the
occurrence and the #riting on t+e $lanc+ette1 8+c+ 8rote t+s e2enn&1
7an)ar" .At+ last1 t+e follo8n&1 2N.J 2r. .e#is, ( am his sister, ( am gad
you came here to,night_ come again 5signed6 Angeine
!o8 I 8ant to as31 +o8 co)ld or&nate n t+e 'nd of o$erator an"
deas or t+o)&+ts abo)t t+s lttle sster %n&elne (*st) and '"selfW I +ad not
for "ears $ast e2en t+o)&+t of +er )ntl t+e na'e 8as 8rtten on t+e e2enn&
s$o3en of.
T+e o$erator s not1 ne2er +as been a $ad 'ed)'.
(. LE6I(.
),+ . !o8 let )s consder a s'lar 'essa&e1 8+c+ '&+t +a2e
$rod)ced a s'lar belef n anot+er nfor'ant5s 'nd. B)t +ere t so +ii,
GKK- +a$$ened t+at +e tested t+e alle&ed fact of deat+G and fo)nd t+at t+e
s)$$osed s$rt 8as stll al2e at t+e t'e of t+e 'essa&e. T+e corres$ondent1
/r. G. E. Lon&1 s 3no8n to ,r. -od&son.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. B?.)
7ER(EY CITY1 !.7.1 <ctober ..nd, *AAA.
YI t+n3 I 8rote "o) once t+at abo)t t8o "ears a&o I +ad rece2ed 8+at
8as sad to be a 'ost con2ncn& test of s$rtCret)rn1 con2ncn& to all
e#ce$t '"self. % "o)n& lad"1 a ($rt)alst and 'ed)'1 t+o)&+ not a
$rofessonal1 nor one t+at e2er rece2ed one cent n $a"1 b" 'eans of a
lettered board and to" c+ar1 s+e +oldn& one le& of t+e c+ar and I anot+er1
8+le a t+rd le& of t+e c+ar ser2ed as a $onter1 &a2e t+e follo8n& b"
'eans of t+e c+arJ
4rst t+e c+ar s$elt o)t '" na'e and s+o8ed a ds$oston to &et n '"
la$G t+en t s$elled o)t C%RY19 and 8+en I as3ed for t+e na'e of t+e
s$rt9 t s$elt o)t Geor&e ('" na'e)1 "o) o)&+t to 3no8 'e as I a'
7'.9 B)t I ddn5t1 and sad so. T+en1 8t+o)t '" loo3n& at t+e board1 t
s$elt o)t Lon& Island1 7' Ro8e19 and ,on5t "o) re'e'ber I )sed to
carr" "o) 8+en "o) 8ere a lttle fello819 or 8ords to t+at effect. I +ad to
ac3no8led&e t+e tr)t+ of t and also to sa" t+at as +e 8as an &norant 'an
+e $ossbl" ntended C%RY9 for carr". I ')st o8n I 8as $)NNled for t+e
'o'ent. To 'a3e s)re of +s $o8er I as3ed t+at +e co)nt t+e $c3ets n t+e
fence o)tsde of t+e +o)se and I 8o)ld &o o)t and confr' +s state'ent.
(o'e+o8 +e co)ldn5t a&ree to t+s1 and e2en t+e 'ed)' obDected. %s a last
resort I as3ed +o8 lon& +e +ad been n t+e s$rt land and t+e ans8er ca'e1
bet8een t+rteen and fo)rteen "ears.
!o8 to t+e seE)el. 4rst t occ)rred to 'e a da" or t8o after1 t+at 8+le
all t+e ncdents &2en 8ere correct1 t+e na'e s+o)ld +a2e been &2en as
ROE nstead of RO6E. (econd1 I 8as )$on Lon& Island t+s s)''er1 and
t+e 'atter co'n& to '" 'nd I nE)red +o8 lon& 7' Roe +ad been dead1
and 8as nfor'ed +e ded last 8nterG so 8+en I rece2ed t+s test so
con2ncn& to t+e bele2ers the man #as not dead.Yo)rs tr)l"1
GEO. E. LO!G.
On October .Bt+1 *AAA1 /r. Lon& addsJ
I do not t+n3 t+at t+e 'ed)' 8as fra)d)lent. -er fa'l" conssts of
/r. (. and t+ree da)&+ters1 s+e ben& t+e "o)n&est. I +a2e fo)nd all to be
+"$notc s)bDects1 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of t+e eldest da)&+ter. T+e" are all
bele2ers n ($rt)als'1 t+e "o)n&est +a2n& been t+e 'ed)'. T+e" do
not st no81 as t s cla'ed t+at t+e sttn&s1 8+le rc+ n s$rt)alstc
satsfacton1 8ere $rod)ct2e of a state of $oor +ealt+ n t+e 'ed)'.
%s I '"self +a2e obtaned nfor'aton s)$$osed to +a2e been
'$ossble for 'e to +a2e reac+ed1 I cannot sa" for certant" t+at s+e +ad
not obtaned nfor'aton abo)t 7'1 b)t I don5t bele2e s+e +ad. %s t+e na'e
Ro8e 8as ben& s$elled I sat 8t+ '" e"es t)rned fro' t+e board and +ad n
'nd t+e na'e (c)dder1 and 'entall" follo8ed t+e ta$s of t+e c+ar to ( C
: ,8+en t+e 'ed)' sad1 T+e na'e Ro8e s &2en19 &c. T+s 8o)ld
see' to lea2e o)t an" n2ol)ntar" ')sc)lar acton. 6+" Ro8e s+o)ld +a2e
been &2en nstead of Roe s stll anot+er $+ase. I 8onder 8+et+er1 f an"
E)eston of t+e Roe fa'l" +ad arsen1 I 8o)ld +a2e +ad n 'nd t+e na'e
of Ro8eW If so1 t+en s+e $rod)ced t+at 8+c+ I +ad lon& 8+le before been
consco)s of1 b)t 8as at t+e t'e )nconsco)s of1 and +ad t co)$led 8t+ an
error n s$elln& +ii,GKL- t+at I '&+t +a2e been &)lt" of +ad I '"self been
called )$on at t+at 'o'ent to s$ell t. -ad s+e been fra)d)lent t+e
$robablt" s s+e 8o)ld +a2e s$elt t correctl".
It see's to 'e t+at t+e bass of ($rt)als' rests 'anl" )$on t+s
$+eno'enon 8+c+ 'en and 8o'en n a s)$ernor'al condton $rod)ce1
8t+o)t )nderstandn& t1 and credt t to s$rt)al a&ences.
L% &eneral corroboraton of /r. Lon&5s 'e'or" of t+e ncdent s added
fro' a lad" $resent at t+e t'e1 8+o does not no8 recall t+e detals.M
),, . T+e ne#t case 8as sent to Professor Barrett b" a con2nced
($rt)alst1 as a $roof of t+e realt" of nterco)rse 8t+ t+e de$arted. T+e
na'es 8ere stated1 b)t as I a' ctn& t+e narrat2e n a sense dffern& fro'
t+at 8+c+ ts 8rter 'eant t to bear1 I 8ll not no8 &2e t+e'1 and 8ll onl"
sa" t+at all t+ree $ersons concerned are of 2er" &ood $oston.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. .;B.)
One e2enn&1 a fe8 "ears a&o1 I +ad 8t+ 'e t8o "o)n& frends1
/ade'oselle de P.1 no8 Lad" (.1 and /ade'oselle de Pn1 +er
co)sn1 8+o s Grande Go)2ernante to t+e da)&+ters of t+e Cro8n Prnce of
Ger'an"1 bot+ co'$lete )nbele2ers n ($rt)als'. To a')se t+e'1
+o8e2er1 as I so'et'es 8rte )nder occ)lt nfl)ence1 I as3ed /ade'oselle
de P. to f# +er t+o)&+ts on so'e one I dd not 3no81 to see 8+et+er '"
+and 8o)ld 8rte so'et+n& tr)e concernn& +' or +er. (+e dd as I
reE)ested1 and soon '" +and 8rote1 -s lfe +as been o2ers+ado8ed b" t+e
act of anot+er.9 (+e loo3ed astons+ed and sad t+at t+e $erson s+e 8as
t+n3n& of +ad +ad a brot+er to 8+o' +e 8as ')c+ attac+ed1 8+o +ad
co''tted s)cde.
(+e t+en as3ed f s+e co)ld be told 8+ere s+e +ad 'et +' for t+e frst
t'e. /" +and 8rote1 It 8as at t+e foot of a 'arble starcase s$lenddl"
ll)'nated b" a 7)l" s)nG as "o) 8ent )$ +e &aNed after "o) as one &aNes
on t+e trac3 of a daNNln& 'eteor.9 T+s 8as also correctG s+e +ad 'et +'1
s+e sad1 for t+e frst t'e at t+e foot of t+e starcase of t+e /nstPre de la
G)erre1 n Pars1 and +er co)sn added t+at +e +ad been ')c+ str)c3 8t+
+er. T+e onl" nacc)races 8ere t+at t+e starcase 8as not a 'arble b)t a
stone one1 and t+at t 8as a September s)n t+at s+one.
6+en I 8rte n t+s 8a" t+e deas do not co'e (consciousy at least)
fro' '" 'nd1 and '" +and see's to be &entl" 'o2ed b" so'e e#ternal
nfl)ence.
!o8 I confess t+at t+s descr$ton of t+e starcase1 and t+e 'eteor1 and
so fort+1 s)&&ests to 'e as ts so)rce1 not so ')c+ a 'ale s$rt dse'boded
as a fe'ale s$rt stll n t+e fles+1 and t+e ro'antc tone of t+e
co'')ncaton see's to reflect t+e 'ood of t+e $ersons $resent.
),' . In t+e ne#t case t+e e#$lanaton s)&&ested b" Professor %le#ander
s $robabl" t+e correct one.
(4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. **.K**?.) T+e follo8n& acco)nt
of so'e e#$er'ents n tableCtltn& 8as sent to )s b" Professor %le#ander1
of Ro de 7anero1 n /arc+ *A@.. -e 8rtesJ
RIO ,E 7%!EIRO1 2arch .*st L*A@.M.
,r. Barcellos s a &entle'an 8+o resdes at Botafo&o1 Ro de 7anero1
8+ere +e not onl" +as a consderable $ractce1 b)t s also &enerall"
estee'ed +ii,GKM- as an +ono)rable and sensble 'an. -a2n& st)ded
+"$nots'1 +e 8as desro)s of 8tnessn& so'e of t+e alled facts to be
obser2ed n $s"c+cal researc+. To8ards t+e 'ddle of last "ear 8e a&reed
to +old for'al sttn&s at +s +o)se 8t+ t+e $)r$ose of elctn&1 f t 8ere
$ossble1 $+"scal $+eno'ena. 6e de2oted /onda" e2enn&s to o)r
n2est&atons1 t+e crcle ben& co'$osed1 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of '"self1 of
'e'bers of t+e doctor5s o8n fa'l". ,onna /ara de Vllas Bbas Barcellos1
a sc+ool teac+er1 8+o acted as 'ed)'1 +as1 f tableCtltn& be no $roof to
t+e contrar"1 arr2ed at "ears of 'at)re dscreton. (+e s ,r. Barcellos5
ssterCnCla81 and t+e 'ot+er of f2e c+ldren. T+e fe8 sttn&s +eld be&an
on t+e ;*st of %)&)st *A@*1 and 8ere dscontn)ed abo)t t+e end of October
of t+e sa'e "ear. T+e" 8ere s)bDect to ')c+ nterr)$ton b" c+ldren and
2stors1 and 8ere fnall" sto$$ed 8+en ,onna /ara 8as a$$onted to a
sc+ool at a dstance. 6t+ t+e e#ce$ton of so'e sl&+t cre$tatons1 'ore
felt t+an +eard1 t+e sUances1 so far as $+"scal $+eno'ena &o1 8ere a fal)re.
T+e lad"1 do)btless1 'o2ed t+e table +erself1 alt+o)&+ s+e dd not see' to
be a8are of t. %s for t+e 'essa&es1 t+e" 8ere nearl" al8a"s of a tr2al
c+aracter1 and occasonall" t+e" 8ere false. T+ere see's1 +o8e2er1 to +a2e
been a notceable $ercenta&e of 2erfable tr)t+ n 8+at ca'e t+ro)&+
,onna /ara5s a)to'ats'. Before o)r sttn&s be&an1 t+s lad" 8as seated
at t+e me3a $aante (s$ea3n&Ctable) 8t+ 'e'bers of +er o8n fa'l" 8+en
t+e $resence of +er fat+er1 t+en deceased1 8as anno)nced -e 8as as3ed to
&2e t+e na'es of t+e $eo$le $resent. T+s +e dd1 ncl)dn& t+at of a bo"
8+o 8as not n t+e roo' at t+e t'e1 8t+ t+e nfor'aton t+at +e +ad D)st
fallen do8n n t+e ')d. I''edatel" after8ards t+e lttle fello8 ca'e nto
t+e roo' cr"n& and confr'ed t+e state'ent 'ade t+ro)&+ t+e table. T+e
stters1 8+o 8ere onl" see3n& for a')se'ent1 beca'e fr&+tened and
abandoned all f)rt+er e#$er'ents. %t o)r o8n sttn&s1 a'on& ')c+ t+at
8as 8earso'e and )n$roftable1 a fe8 enco)ra&n& ncdents occ)rred. On
one occason (October .Bt+1 *A@*) ,r. Barcellos as3ed 'entall" abo)t t+e
state of a "o)n& lad" $atent 8+o 8as ll of s'all$o#. T+e table re$led t+at
s+e 8o)ld de on t+e follo8n& 'ornn& at e&+t o5cloc3. (+e dd not de1
b)t at t+e +o)r 'entoned s+e beca'e ')c+ 8orse. On anot+er occason1
after I +ad retred1 detals 8ere &2en abo)t t+e $r2ate lfe of an nd2d)al
8+o l2ed n Vasso)ras1 )$ co)ntr"1 8+c+ 8ere b" no 'eans flattern& to
+'. % (ev+or LoNada1 t+e doctor5s brot+erCnCla81 8+o 8as standn& a8a"
fro' t+e table1 8as t+e onl" $erson $resent 8+o +ad $re2o)sl" 3no8n of
t+ese $artc)lars. -e declared t+at t+e nfor'aton t+)s obtaned 8as e#act.
(o ')c+ for t+e &eneral c+aracter of o)r sttn&s1 of 8+c+ I &2e an
dea1 so t+at t+e ncdent I a' abo)t to relate 'a" not +a2e 'ore t+an ts d)e
'$ortance.
On t+e .*st (e$te'ber *A@*1 I 8as seated at t+e table 8t+ ,r.
Barcellos1 +s nece ("l2a1 and ,onna /ara Barcellos1 8+en t+e 8ords
ca'e1 T+e 2ase s bro3en.9 6e as3ed 8+at 2ase. (T+e 2ase) at "o)r
+o)se1 t+e 2ase of $+enc acd.9 I de'anded t+e +o)r1 and t+e re$l" 8as1 %t
e&+t o5cloc3.9 Of t+s an ''edate note 8as ta3en at '" reE)est b" one of
t+e c+ldren seated at anot+er table. I transferred t+s note to '" $oc3etC
boo3 8+ere t reads as follo8sJ
.*st o$ September, *A@*.O 2aso se E)ebro),e s)a casaO 2aso
de acdo $+enco%s A +oras.9
I at once loo3ed at '" 8atc+. It 8anted so'e fo)r or f2e 'n)tes to +ii,
GKN- e&+t. I 3ne81 +o8e2er1 t+at t 8as not &on& 8ell at t+e t'e1 and I
for&ot to co'$are t after8ards 8t+ t+e r&+t t'e. 6+en t+s 'essa&e +ad
been &2en ("l2a Barcellos rose fro' +er $lace1 and 8ent nto t+e dnn&C
roo'1 8+ere s+e told t+e ot+ers 8+at +ad +a$$ened. (o'e 2stors 8+o
8ere t+ere s$o3e of retrn&G b)t t+e" 8ere )r&ed to sta"1 as t 8as onl" e&+t
o5cloc3t+e +o)r t+en 'ar3ed b" t+e t'e$ece on t+e 8all. T+)s a l)c3"
c+ance deter'ned t+e t'e of t+e 'essa&e1 8+c+ '" carelessness n
ne&lectn& to see +o8 ')c+ I 8as o)t '&+t +a2e left n do)bt.
I dd not at frst s)$$ose t+at t+e abo2e 8ords +ad an" 'ore '$ortance
t+an ot+er t+n&s t+at ca'e t+ro)&+ t+e table. It 8as1 t+erefore1 an a&reeable
s)r$rse 8+en on a s)bseE)ent occason ,r. Barcellos told 'e t+at t+e
'essa&e +ad been confr'ed. I 8rote do8n a r;sum; of +s state'ent1
8+c+ I no8 co$" fro' '" noteCboo3J
,onna /. on arr2n& +o'e 8as ben& told of fr&+t1 8+en s+e
nterr)$ted t+e'1 telln& t+e' 8+at +ad co'e t+ro)&+ table. T+e" +ad D)st
re'ar3ed t'e (e&+t o5cloc3) and 8ent to &2e food to sc3 c+ld8+en
nose of brea3a&e. T+e" e#cla'ed1 HO 2aso de acdo $+enco se E)ebro).I
In tr)t+1 t+e D)& +ad been )$set b" t+e do&1 and +ad fallen a&anst t+e 2ase
of $+enc acd1 'a3n& t+e nose.9
!et+er t+e 2ase n E)eston1 8+c+ 8as of $orcelan1 nor t+e 8aterCD)&
8as reall" bro3en. T+e ca)se of t+e accdent 8as a do& t+at +ad &ot nto t+e
roo' 8+ere t+e sc3 c+ld la". T+e an'al +ad1 no do)bt1 endea2o)red to
drn3 o)t of t+e D)&1 8+c+ 8as standn& on t+e floor near a c+ar.
T+e +o)se 8+ere ,onna /ara 8as t+en l2n& s st)ated abo)t a
3lo'etre5s dstance fro' ,r. Barcellos5 resdence1 so t+at t+e e#$lanaton
b" +"$erFst+esa of t+e +earn&n a $erson 8+o co)ld +ardl" be sad to be
o)t of +er nor'al condtonsee's to 'e to be abs)rd. Yet t+e lad" 8as no
clar2o"ant1 for t+e 2ase 8as not reall" bro3en. E2en f +er c+aracter 8ere
not abo2e s)s$con1 s+e co)ld not +a2e arran&ed t+e ncdent before+and1
for a do& does not ta3e $art n a $lot. T+e concdence n t'e1 and t+e e#act
'enton of 8+at 8as s)$$osed to +a2e occ)rred1 renders 'ere c+ance an
e#tre'el" )nl3el" ele'ent. 6e are t+erefore l'ted to one +"$ot+ess
t+e e'otonal '$resson of t+e &rls 8+o e#cla'ed1 O 2aso de acdo
$+enco se E)ebro)19 nfl)enced t+er 'ot+er tele$at+call"1 and t+e table
8as t+e 'eans of brn&n& to t+e s)rface t+e 'essa&e 8+c+ +er
s)bconsco)sness +ad rece2ed.
%L4RE, %LE0%!,ER.
T+e e2dence of t+e ot+er 8tnesses 8as &2en n Port)&)ese1 of 8+c+
8e $rnt En&ls+ translatons1 3ndl" f)rns+ed b" Professor %le#ander.
It 8as a lttle $ast e&+t 8+en t+e 2stors 8+o 8ere 8t+ 'e n t+e
dnn&Croo' n t+e e2enn& of t+e .*st of (e$te'ber *A@* s$o3e of retrn&.
L:IV% B%RCELLO(.
2arch .*st, *A@..
On t+e .*st of (e$te'ber *A@*1 I 8tnessed a c)ro)s fact n tele$at+".
%t t+at date1 at e&+t o5cloc3 n t+e e2enn&1 2aro)s $ersons n a +o)se n
t+e R)a de ,onna /aranna +eard a stran&e nose n t+e roo' of a s'all$o#
$atent1 and ran nto t1 cr"n& o)t t+at n all $robablt" t+e 2ase of $+enc
acd +ad been bro3en. ,onna /ara Barcellos1 '" ssterCnCla81 one of +er
da)&+ters1 ("l2a Barcellos1 (e+or %lfredo %le#ander1 and I 8ere at t+at
+ii,GKO- +o)r seated at a s'all ro)nd table1 8+en t 8as anno)nced t+at n
t+e abo2eC'entoned +o)se1 n t+e R)a de ,onna /aranna1 a 2ase of
$+enc acd +ad been bro3en. ,onna /ara Barcellos 8as ')c+ astons+ed
8+en t+e" told +er on +er &on& +o'e to t+e R)a de ,onna /aranna t+at
t+e" +ad +ad a &reat fr&+t at e&+t o5cloc3 n t+e e2enn&. (+e re$led t+at
s+e 8as alread" a8are t+at t 8as a 2ase of $+enc acd 8+c+ +ad been
bro3en. T+en t+e" e#$laned to +er t+at s)c+ +ad been t+e &eneral
s)$$oston n t+e +o)se1 t+at 8+en t+e" ran nto t+e roo' t+e" all
e#cla'ed1 T+e 2ase of $+enc acd +as bro3en19 and t+at on entern& t+e"
dsco2ered t+at a D)& of 8ater standn& near a c+ar +ad fallen a&anst t+e
2ase of $+enc acd.
T+ese facts $assed n t+e $resence of Professor %le#ander1 8+o 8as also
at t+e table 8t+ '" ssterCnCla8 and ("l2a.
((&ned) ,R. %L4RE,O B%RCELLO(.
RIO ,E 7%!EIRO1 September ..nd, *A@*.
6+en /arE)n+as ca'e +o'e I sad to +er1 Yo) cannot 'a&ne 8+at
a fr&+t 8e +ad toda"19 to 8+c+ s+e re$led1 Yo) need not tell 'eG I 3no8
all abo)t t. It 8as t+e 2ase of $+enc acd t+at bro3e.9 T+s re$l" ca)sed )s
t+e &reatest s)r$rse1 8+en s+e added t+at nobod" +ad told +er of t1 b)t t+at
s+e +eard of t t+ro)&+ t+e nter'ed)' of t+e tltn& table. O)r
astons+'ent 8as stll &reater 8+en s+e sad t+at t+e fact occ)rred at e&+t
o5cloc3 n t+e e2enn&.
Indeed1 at t+at +o)r1 8+en 8e 8ere n t+e bac3 $art of t+e +o)se1 8e
+eard a lo)d nose l3e t+at of t+e fall of so'e 2essel f)ll (of lE)d). T+e
door of t+e bedroo' 8+ere t+e c+ld sc3 of s'all$o# la" 8as closedG b)t
8e +eard +er cr"n& o)t1 and ran to see 8+at 8as t+e 'atter. %t t+e sa'e
t'e t+e t+ree &rls e#cla'ed1 T+e 2ase of $+enc acd +as bro3enZ9 It 8as
not1 +o8e2er1 t+s 2ase t+at bro3e1 b)t a D)& of 8ater 8+c+ +ad fallen do8n.
N.).T+s fact +a$$ened "esterda"1 (e$te'ber .*st1 *A@*.
((&ned) %/ELI% %. C%R,I/.
/%RI% C%R,I/.
P%:LI!% B%RCELLO(.
/%RI% VILL%( BO%(.
C%RLOT% C%R,I/.
%/ELI% C%R,I/.
),* . T+e ne#t case . ),* A / s 2er" re'oteG and I s+o)ld not )se t to
ad n estabishing co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e dead. B)t as ndcatn& a
$ossble so)rce of error1 t see's 8ort+ E)otn& n an %$$end#1 as t s
2o)c+ed for b" t8o nfor'ants 8+o1 alt+o)&+ +ere anon"'o)s1 are
dstn&)s+ed and ntell&ent 'en.
),) . /" ne#t case&2en n ),) A co'es fro' t+e late ,r.
Er'acora1 8+ose )nt'el" deat+ +as been a sero)s loss to o)r st)des.
Professor 6. 7a'es 2sted ,r. Er'acora at Pad)a and told 'e t+at +s
e#$er'ents 8ere sero)sl" and caref)ll" cond)cted. ,r. Er'acora +'self1
for reasons stated n +s narrat2e1 re&arded t+s 'essa&e as $robabl"
co'n& fro' a dse'boded ntell&ence. B)t t see's to 'e t+at t+e
state'ent as to t+e date of t+e letter5s arr2al 'a" +a2e e'anated fro' t+e
'nd of t+e Venetan co)sn at t+e t'e 8+en s+e +ii,GLP- 'eant to $ost +er
letter n t+e e2enn&. ,r. Er'acora also sent 'e a case (not for $)blcaton)
8+ere a 'essa&e 8rtten b" t+e sa'e a)to'atst $redcted so'e re'ar3able
$onts 8t+ re&ard to +er o8n f)t)re +ealt+. ()c+ a $redcton1 +o8e2er
l3e t+e freE)entl" recorded $redctons of so'na'b)lsts 8t+ re&ard to
t+er o8n e$le$tc fts1 &c.see's to 'e to belon& to t+e $ro2nce of t+e
s)bl'nal self1 8+c+ I conce2e as 'ore nt'atel" acE)anted 8t+ t+e
state of t+e or&ans' t+an t+e s)$ral'nal self can be.
),9 . T+)s ')c+ for t+e $resent 8t+ re&ard to co'')ncatons fro' t+e
l2n&1 and as to t+e dan&er t+at a 'essa&e $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' a
deceased $erson 'a" n realt" e'anate fro' t+e 'nd of one of t+e l2n&
$ersons $resent1 or1 ndeed1 fro' so'e l2n& $erson at a dstance. B)t t+s1
alt+o)&+ a real rs31 s b" no 'eans t+e onl" rs3 of dece$ton 8+c+ s)c+
'essa&es n2ol2e. T+e co'')ncaton 'a" conce2abl" co'e fro' so'e
)ne'boded s$rt ndeed1 b)t not fro' t+e s$rt 8+o s cla'ed as ts
a)t+or. -a2e 8e an" 8a" of &)ardn& a&anst t+s dece$tonGan" +nts
8+c+ 'a" e2en +el$ )s to conce2e t+e nat)re of a dan&er 8+c+ les so
entrel" o)tsde o)r terrene e#$erenceW
T+e ans8er to t+s E)eston cannot be bref1 and ')st for t+e $resent be
dela"ed. I can best1 $er+a$s1 ntrod)ce t+e reader to t+s ne8 ran&e of
$roble's b" E)otn& at t+s $ont (n ),9 A) so'e e#tracts fro' a record of
t+e 2ared e#$erences of a)to'atc 8rtn& 8+c+ +a2e been nter'n&led
8t+ /ss %.5s cr"stalC2sons1 &c.1 alread" narrated n C+a$ter VI. . '(,
C). ()c+ acco)nt as can +ere be $rod)ced s1 fro' 2aro)s ca)ses1 2er"
nco'$lete. It contans1 +o8e2er1 s$ec'ens of se2eral of t+e $roble's of
8+c+ 'enton +as alread" been 'ade. I 'a" re'nd t+e reader t+at t+s s a
case 8t+ 8+c+ I a' nt'atel" acE)anted1 +a2n& caref)ll" 8atc+ed t+e
$ro&ress of t+e $+eno'ena for so'e "ears. T+e state'ents refer lar&el" to
facts 8t+n '" o8n 3no8led&e1 and t+ese are &2en 8t+o)t e#a&&eraton.
I s+o)ld add t+at t+e $+eno'ena +a2e contn)ed1 8+ene2er n2ted1 )$
to t+e $resent date (,ece'ber1 *@>>)1 and t+at t+e" +a2e de2elo$ed n t+e
drecton of reco&nsed denttes. I +a2e '"self latel" +ad t+ro)&+ /ss %.
8+at a$$ear to 'e con2ncn& 'essa&es1 &2en b" ra$s1 on $r2ate 'atters
fro' de$arted frends. T+at t+s ele'ent e#sts a'd t+ese conf)sed
co'')ncatons1 I feel s)reG b)t t+e reco&nsed s$rts are seldo' able to
e#$lan ')c+ be"ond t+er o8n act)al 'essa&e1 nor to t+ro8 l&+t on t+e
stran&e anon"'t" n 8+c+ 'ost of t+e 8rtn&s are s+ro)ded. T+ere s no8
no case t+at I +a2e 8atc+ed lon&er t+an /ss %.5sGnone 8+ere I +a2e
'ore absol)te ass)rance of t+e scr)$)lo)s $robt" of t+e $rnc$al senst2e
+erself and of t+e &ro)$ 8+o s+are t+e e#$er'entsGb)t none also 8+c+
lea2es 'e 'ore often baffled as to t+e )nseen so)rce of t+e nfor'aton
&2en. T+ere s a 3no8led&e bot+ of t+e $ast and of t+e f)t)re1 8+c+ see's
ca$rco)sl" l'ted1 and s 'n&led 8t+ 'sta3es1 "et on t+e ot+er +and s
of a nat)re 8+c+ t s +ii,GLG- dffc)lt to refer to an" nd2d)al +)'an
'nd1 ncarnate or dscarnate. 6e 'eet +ere so'e of t+e frst ndcatons of
a $ossblt" of 8+c+ 'ore ')st be sad n a later c+a$ter (I0.)1 t+at
dscarnate s$rts co'')ncatn& 8t+ )s +a2e occasonal access to certan
so)rces of 3no8led&e 8+c+ e2en to t+e'sel2es are nscr)tabl" re'ote and
obsc)re.
T+e co''and to brn& C. ,.9a co''and 8+c+1 as 8ll be seen1 I
'"self obe"ed8as es$ecall" re'ar3able n ts a$$arent f)tlt"1 "et t
)lt'atel" res)lted n de2elo$n& t+e $+eno'ena1 C.,.1 ndeed1 8as a
$erson n 8+o' t+e soi,disant C+ancellor -ard8c3e '&+t be e#$ected to
ta3e so'e nterestGb)t one s at a loss to 'a&ne 8+at 3nd of $erce$ton
co)ld $c3 +' o)t as t+e one 'an 8+ose o8n fac)lt" 8o)ld best contrb)te
to /ss %.5s1 and 8o)ld be best de2elo$ed b" +ers n ret)rn.
T+e 8rtten da&noses and $ro&noses &2en b" t+e soCcalled (e'r)s19
often 8t+o)t /ss %.5s e2en seen& t+e $atent or +earn& t+e nat)re of +s
'alad"1 +a2e beco'e 'ore and 'ore re'ar3able.
*
/ss %. and +er frends
do not 8s+ t+ese $r2ate 'atters to be $rnted1 and I cannot t+erefore nsst
)$on t+e $+eno'ena +ere. Yet n 2e8 of t+e a'o)nt of telFst+esa 8+c+
/ss %.5s 2aro)s a)to'ats's re2eal1 t s+o)ld frst be noted t+at +)'an
or&ans's see' es$ecall" $er2o)s to s)c+ vue > distance. (e'r)s19
Gelal)s19 &c.1 are ob2o)s $se)don"'sG and net+er (e'r)s5
$rescr$tons nor Gelal)s5 cos'o&on" contan eno)&+ of ndcaton to
enable )s to &ras$ t+er or&n.
)'0 . I $ass on to a seres of 'essa&es 8+c+ afford an nterestn& feld
for t+e dsc)sson of t+e r2al +"$ot+eses of cr"$to'nesa9 and s$rtC
control. T+e a)to'atst1 8+o ')st +ere be called /rs. R.1 s a lad" 8ell
3no8n to 'e for so'e "ears1 and to 8+o' I 8as frst ntrod)ced b" t+e late
/r. -ensle&+ 6ed&8ood (t+e co)sn and brot+erCnCla8 of C+arles
,ar8n1 and +'self a 8ellC3no8n savant)1 8+o re$orted certan 'essa&es
obtaned n +s $resence1 and $artl" t+ro)&+ +s coo$eraton. /rs. R.1 and
+er sster /rs. V.1 no8 deceased1 8ere for 'an" "ears a'on& /r.
6ed&8ood5s 'ost 2al)ed frends. T+ere can be no 'ore E)eston n '"
'nd as to /rs. R.5s scr)$)lo)s &ood fat+ t+an as to t+at of /r. 6ed&8ood
+'self n endea2o)rn& to recall t+e )t'ost t+at t+e" +ad e2er 3no8n of t+e
$ersona&es 8+o $rofessed to be 8rtn& t+ro)&+ t+e +el$ of t+e t8o +)'an
+ands. T+e E)eston s one of s)bl'nal 'e'or"G and as to t+s t 'a" be
re'ar3ed t+at /r. 6ed&8ood5s readn& 8as 8de1b)t t+at +e ne2er1 so far
as I 3no81 s+o8ed an" a)to'atc &ft1 nor obtaned 8rtn& e#ce$t 8t+ one
of t+ese t8o lades. On t+e ot+er +and1 /rs. R.5s readn& +as not been 8de
n ran&eG and bot+ /rs. R. and /rs. V. +ad 'an" $s"c+cal e#$erences1
'ost of t+e' of a $r2ate nat)re1
.
n 8+c+ /r. 6ed&8ood 8as not
concerned. T+e +ii,GLH- a)to'atc '$)lse see's to +a2e co'e fro' them/
b)t t 'a" be t+at /r. 6ed&8ood5s $resence 'odfed t+e c+aracter of t+e
'essa&es obtaned. I &2e frst a &eneral acco)nt b" /r. 6ed&8ood of t+e
'ode of e#$er'ent.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. @..)
/" e#$erence n $lanc+etteC8rtn& +as been 'anl" acE)red n sttn&
8t+ t8o ssters1 8+o' I 8ll call /rs. R. and /rs. V.1 of 8+o' t+e
"o)n&er1 /rs. V.1 +as far t+e stron&er nfl)ence n $rod)cn& t+e 8rtn&.
6t+ +er t+e board n &eneral be&ns to 'o2e ')c+ sooner and n a 'ore
22aco)s 8a" t+an 8t+ +er elder sster. 6+en t+e t8o st to&et+er t+e
board 'o2es ra$dl" alon&1 l3e a $erson 8rtn& as fast as +e can dr2e1
8+le 8t+ 'e and one of t+e ssters t+e acton s often feeble and labo)rn&.
B)t net+er of t+e ssters can obtan an"t+n& 8+ate2er 8+en t+e" st b"
t+e'sel2es. T+e board re'ans absol)tel" 'otonless )nder t+e +ands of t+e
soltar" o$erator.
6+en tr"n& for 8rtn& 8e st o$$oste eac+ ot+er at a s'all table1 I
8t+ '" r&+t +and1 '" $artner 8t+ +er left on t+e $lanc+ette1 8+le t+e
8rtn& $rod)ced s )$r&+t to 'e1 and )$sde do8n to '" $artner1 fro'
8+o'1 +o8e2er1 t+e effect2e nfl)ence see's to $roceed. T+e $recse
nat)re of t+at nfl)ence s not 2er" eas" to )nderstand1 and s1 I t+n31 2er"
co''onl" 'sa$$re+ended. 6rtn& b" $lanc+ette s often called
a)to'atc19 and t+e $encl s conce2ed as ben& 8or3ed b" t+e ')sc)lar
acton of t+e stters1 )nder t+e &)dance of a blnd '$)lse1 as lttle
)nderstood b" t+e' as t+e fns+ed res)lt s foreseen b" a $ar of brds
nstnct2el" en&a&ed n t+e constr)cton of t+er frst nest. B)t t+s s
drectl" o$$osed to t+e e#$erence of '"self and '" $artners. 6+en I a'
sttn& at $lanc+ette 8t+ one of t+e'1 I Bno# t+at I a' 'erel" follo8n& t+e
'o2e'ent of t+e board 8t+ '" +and1 and not n an" 8a" &)dn& t1 '"
onl" dffc)lt" ben& to a2od nterfern& 8t+ t. It see's to 'e e#actl" as f
'" $artner1 n 8+o' I +a2e $erfect confdence1 8as $)r$osel" 'o2n& t+e
board and I allo8n& '" +and to follo8 +er acton1 nterfern& 8t+ t as
lttle as $ossble. %nd s+e &2es to 'e an e#actl" corres$ondn& acco)nt of
+er o8n s+are n t+e o$eraton. T+)s 8e &2e to t+e o)tsde 8orld o)r )nted
test'on" of a fact 8+c+1 as far as eac+ of )s s concerned1 les 8t+n o)r
o8n drect 3no8led&e1 2N.1 t+at t+e 8rtn& traced o)t b" t+e $encl s not
$rod)ced b" t+e ')sc)lar e#erton of et+er of )s.
6e +a2e1 t+en1 n $lanc+etteC8rtn&1 f o)r acco)nt s to be bele2ed1 t+e
'anfestaton of an a&enc" n2sble to )s1 "et ca$able of 'o2n& t+e bodl"
$encl et+er n 'ere scrbbln& or n s)c+ a 8a" as to f# an ntell&ent
'essa&e on t+e $a$er.
)'1 . T+e frst case 8+c+ I s+all &2e s n t+e 8ords of /r. 6ed&8ood1
n t+e 1ourna (.P.R. for ,ece'ber1 *AA@ (2ol. 2. $. *=<).
6+ene2er I +a2e an o$$ort)nt"1 $er+a$s once or t8ce a "ear1 I st at
$lanc+etteC8rtn& 8t+ '" frend1 8+o' I 8ll call /rs. R.1 a 'ost
obser2ant 8tness n 8+o' I +a2e entre confdence. 6e st o$$oste eac+
ot+er at a s'all table1 eac+ restn& t+e fn&ers of one +and l&+tl" )$on t+e
board1 and 8+en t+e board be&ns to 'o2e1 allo8 o)r +and to follo8 t+e
'o2e'ent freel" 8t+o)t nterfern& 8t+ t n an" 8a".
T+e follo8n& acco)nt of o)r last sttn&1 on 7)ne .Bt+1 s fro' t+e
Do)rnal of /rs. R.1 8rtten t+e sa'e e2enn&1 transcrbn& t+e $art of
$lanc+ette fro' +ii,GLI- t+e act)al 8rtn&1 and flln& n o)r s+are of t+e
n2est&aton fro' ''edate 'e'or".
80tract $ront "ourna o$ Dednesday1 1une .Bth, *AA@1 and copy o$
panchette,#riting #ith 2r. Dedg#oodV%
% s$rt s +ere toda" 8+o 8e t+n3 8ll be able to 8rte t+ro)&+ t+e
'ed)'. -old 2er" stead"1 and +e 8ll tr" frst to dra8.9
6e t)rned t+e $a&e and a s3etc+ 8as 'ade1 r)del" eno)&+ of co)rse1
b)t 8t+ ')c+ a$$arent care.
Ver" sorr" can5t do better. 6as 'eant for test. /)st 8rte for "o)
nstead.7.G.9
6e do not f)ll" )nderstand t+e frst dra8n&1 ta3n& t for t8o ar's and
+ands clas$ed1 one co'n& do8n fro' abo2e. /r. 6ed&8ood as3ed t+e
s$rt of 7.G. to tr" a&an1 8+c+ +e dd.
Belo8 t+e dra8n& +e 8roteJ !o8 loo3.9 6e dd1 and t+s t'e
co'$re+ended t+e ar' and s8ord.
!o8 I 8ll 8rte for "o) f "o) l3e.9
/r. 6.J 6+at dd t+e dra8n& re$resentW9
(o'et+n& t+at 8as &2en 'e.9
I sadJ %re "o) a 'an or a 8o'anW9
/an. 7o+n G.9
/r. 6.J -o8 8as t &2en to "o)W9
On $a$er and ot+er t+n&s.Y /" +ead s bad fro' t+e old 8o)nd I &ot
t+ere 8+en I tr" to 8rte t+ro)&+ 'ed)'s.9
/r. 6.J 6e don5t 3no8 7.G. -a2e "o) an"t+n& to do 8t+ )sW9
!o connecton.9
/r. 6. sad +e 3ne8 a 7. Gffard1 and 8ondered f t+at 8as t+e na'e.
!ot Gffard. G)r8ood.9
/r. 6. s)&&ested t+at +e +ad been 3lled n stor'n& so'e fort.
I 3lled '"self on C+rst'as ,a"1 "ears a&o. I 8s+ I +ad ded
f&+tn&.9
6ere "o) a solderW9
I 8as n t+e ar'".9
Can "o) sa" 8+at ran3W9
!o.Y It 8as t+e $en dd for 'e1 and not t+e s8ord.9
T+e 8ord pen 8as '$erfectl" 8rtten1 and I t+o)&+t t 8as 'eant for
$a. I as3ed f t+s 8as r&+tW
!o.9
/r. 6.J Is t+e 8ord pen?9
YesG $en dd for 'e.9
6e s)&&ested t+at +e 8as an a)t+or 8+o +ad faled1 or +ad been
'al&ned.
I dd not fal. I 8as not slandered. Too ')c+ for 'e afterY$en 8as too
')c+ for 'e after t+e 8o)nd.9
6+ere 8ere "o) 8o)nded1 and 8+en dd "o) deW9
Penns)la to frst E)eston.9
6e 8ere not s)re abo)t t+e 8ord &eninsua, and as3ed +' to re$eat.
I 8as 8o)nded n t+e +ead n Penns)la. It 8ll be fort"Cfo)r "ears ne#t
C+rst'as ,a" snce I 3lled '"self. O+1 '" +ead.Y I 3lled '"self. 7o+n
G)r8ood.9
6+ere dd "o) deW9
I +ad '" 8o)nd n *A*>. I cannot tell "o) 'ore abo)t '"self. T+e
dra8n& 8as a test.9
+ii,GLJ-
6e as3ed f t+e de2ce 8as ntended for +s crest.
I +ad t seal.9
-ad t an"t+n& to do 8t+ "o)r 8o)ndW9 (I cannot re'e'ber t+e e#act
for' of t+s E)eston.)
It ca'e fro' t+at and 8as &2en 'e. Po8er fals to e#$lan. Re'e'ber
'" na'e. (to$ no8.9
T+e onl" $erson besdes o)rsel2es $resent at t+e sttn& 8as /ss -.1 an
a)nt of /rs. R.5s1 and none of )s 3ne8 an"t+n& of Colonel G)r8ood
be"ond t+e fact of +s +a2n& edted t+e des$atc+es of t+e ,)3e of
6elln&ton1 not e2en t+at +s na'e 8as 7o+n. It s $ossble t+at I '&+t +a2e
+eard of +s s)cde at t+e t'e t+at t occ)rred1 8t+o)t ts 'a3n& an"
'$resson on 'e1 b)t I a' s)re I dd not read s)c+ an obt)ar" notce as
8o)ld be $)bls+ed n t+e Times, and 8+en '" attenton 8as drected to +s
edtoral 8or3 e&+teen or t8ent" "ears after8ards I dd not 3no8 8+et+er
+e 8as al2e or dead1 and 8as entrel" &norant of +s 'ltar" career. I
ne2er read an" +stor" of t+e Penns)lar 6ar1 and a' $erfectl" certan t+at I
ne2er +ad an o$$ort)nt" of seen& G)r8ood5s crest1 or 3no8n& an"t+n&
abo)t t.-.6.
T+e follo8n& s t+e acco)nt /r. 6ed&8ood 8rote of t+e frst sUance at
t+e t'eJ
1une .Bth, *AA@.
-ad a sttn& at $lanc+ette 8t+ /rs. R. t+s 'ornn&. Planc+ette sad
t+ere 8as a s$rt t+ere 8+o t+o)&+t +e co)ld dra8 f 8e 8s+ed t. 6e sad
8e s+o)ld be &lad f +e 8o)ld tr". %ccordn&l" P. 'ade a r)de atte'$t at a
+and and ar' $roceedn& fro' an e'battled 8all and +oldn& a s8ord. %
second atte'$t 'ade t+e s)bDect clearer. P. sad t 8as 'eant for a test. T+e
s$rt s&ned t 7.G.19 no connecton of an" of o)rs1 +e sad. 6e &rad)all"
elcted t+at +s na'e 8as 7o+n G)r8ood1 8+o 8as 8o)nded n t+e
Penns)la1 n *A*>1 and 3lled +'self on C+rst'as ,a"1 *A<?. It 8as not
t+e 8o)nd1 b)t t+e $en t+at dd t.

(o'et+n& l3e t+at.
1uy ?th, *AA@.
I 'ade t+e fore&on& 'e'orand)' t+e sa'e da"1 +a2n& 2er" lttle
e#$ectaton t+at t+ere 8o)ld be an" 2erfcaton.
-. 6E,G6OO,.
4:RT-ER E0TR%CT( 4RO/ /R(. R.5s 7O:R!%L.
9riday, September .=th.
/r. 6ed&8ood ca'e1 and 8e +ad t8o sttn&s n t+e afternoon and
e2enn&. I t+n3 t+e sa'e s$rt 8rote t+ro)&+o)t1 be&nnn& 8t+o)t
s&nat)reG b)t 8+en 8e as3ed t+e na'e1 8rtn& (after so'e str)&&le and
lle&blt") 7o+n G)r8ood.9
+ii,GLK-
T+e effort 8as at frst nco+erent1 b)t de2elo$ed nto t+e follo8n&
sentencesJ
(8ord8+en I bro3e n1 on t+e table 8t+ $lan of fortressbelon&ed
to '" $rsonerG I 8ll tell "o) +s na'e toCn&+t. It 8as on t+e table 8+en I
bro3e n. -e dd not e#$ect 'eG I too3 +' )na8ares. -e 8as n +s roo'1
loo3n& at a $lan1 and t+e s8ord 8as on t+e table. 6ll tr" and let "o) 3no8
+o8 I too3 t+e s8ord toCn&+t.9
In t+e e2enn& after dnnerJ
I fo)&+t '" 8a" n. -s na'e 8as Baner9 (t+ree t'es re$eated). T+e
s8ord 8as l"n& on t+e table b" a 8rtten sc+e'e of defence. O+1 '" +ead.
Baner +ad a $lan 8rtten o)t for t+e defence of t+e fortress. It 8as l"n& on
t+e table1 and +s s8ord 8as b" t.9
To a E)estonJ
YesG s)r$rsed +'.9
/r. 6ed&8ood t+n3s t+e na'e of t+e Go2ernor of t+e fortress of
C)dad Rodr&o #as BanerG b)t +e sa"s t+s 8o)ld not be a test1 as he Bne#
it. -e s &on& to see f +e can fnd an"t+n& n !a$er5s &eninsuar Dar
corroborat2e of 8+at s sad abo)t t+e s8ord.
Loo3. I +a2e tred to tell "o) 8+at "o) can 2erf".9
/r. 6ed&8ood re$orts +s 2erfcaton as follo8sJ
6+en I ca'e to 2erf" t+e 'essa&e of $lanc+ette I s$eedl" fo)nd t+at
Colonel G)r8ood1 t+e edtor of t+e ,)3e5s des$atc+es1 led t+e forlorn +o$e
at t+e stor'n& of C)dad Rodr&o1 n *A*. Lnote error n dateM1 and
rece2ed a 8o)nd n t+e s3)ll fro' a ')s3et ball 8+c+ affected +' for t+e
re'ander of +s lfe.9Annua 7egister, *A<?. In reco&nton of t+e
bra2er" s+o8n on t+at occason +e rece2ed a &rant of ar's n *A*.1
re&stered n t+e Colle&e of %r's as +a2n& been $assed )$on t+e narrat2e
t+at +e (Ca$tan G.) +ad led t+e forlorn +o$e at C)dad Rodr&o1 and t+at1
after t+e stor'n& of t+e fortress1 t+e Earl of 6elln&ton $resented +' 8t+
t+e s8ord of t+e Go2ernor1 8+o +ad been ta3en $rsoner b" Ca$tan
G)r8ood.9
*
T+e ser2ces t+)s s$ecfed 8ere s"'bolsed n t+e crest1 O)t of a
')ral coronet1 a castle r)ned n t+e centre1 and t+erefro' an ar' n ar'o)r
e'bo8ed1 +oldn& a sc'tar.9
*
It s $lanl" t+s crest t+at s a'ed at b" $lanc+ette n +s 2er" r)de
des&n1 8+c+ re$resents t+e ar' and s8ord as ss)n& fro' t+e ')ral
coronet alone1 o'ttn& t+e r)ned castle as too co'$le# a s)bDect for t+e
$o8ers of t+e des&ner. T+e dra8n& 8as &2en 'erel" as a test1 and f t
$onted )n'sta3abl" to t+e G)r8ood crest t 8o)ld f)lfl ts $)r$ose.
In accordance 8t+ t+e asserton of $lanc+ette1 Colonel G)r8ood 3lled
+'self on C+rst'as ,a"1 *A<?1 and t+e Annua 7egister of t+at "ear1 after
narratn& t+e s)cde1 contn)esJ It s t+o)&+t t+at t+s laboro)s
)nderta3n& (t+e edtn& t+e des$atc+es) $rod)ced a rela#aton of t+e
ner2o)s s"ste' and conseE)ent de$resson of s$rts. In a ft of des$ondenc"
t+e )nfort)nate &entle'an ter'nated +s lfe.9 Co'$are $lanc+etteJ
Pen 8as too ')c+ for 'e after t+e 8o)nd.9
I contn)e t+e E)otaton fro' /rs. R.5s Do)rnalJ
/r. 6.J Can "o) tell 'e 8+ere else to loo3W9
I +a2e no $o8er to drect "o). 6e +a2e e#+a)sted1 b)t I 8s+ed to tell
+ii,GLL- "o) abo)t $oor X)entanYto tell "o) a secret of $oor X)ntan5s1
8+c+ s on '" 'nd. It '&+t once +a2e 'ade a dfferenceG b)t not no8.9
6e +ad a dffc)lt" n readn& t+e na'e. /r. 6. t+o)&+t t X)nlon1 and
as3ed f t+s 8as r&+tW
!ot E)teJ a t.Y X)entan. !ot E)te Lr&+tM1 b)t nearerJ tr" a&an
to'orro8.9
/r. 6.J Is $o8er e#+a)sted no81 and s+all 8e sto$W9
Yes.9
Saturday, September .Ath.
/r. 6ed&8ood and I sat a&an t+s 'ornn&. 4rst ca'e so'e
$rel'nar" scrbbln& and crcln&1 and t+en t+e r&+t s$elln& of t+e na'e
at 8+c+ 7o+n G)r8ood 8as tr"n& last n&+t.
X)entn. I 3ne8 +'1 and a secret of +s t+at '&+t +a2e 'ade a
dfference1 b)t I 8as $led&ed.9
/r. 6.J Tell )s 8+at t+e secret 8asW9
I s+o)ld l3e to tr".9
/r. 6.J 6+at dfference 8o)ld t +a2e 'ade to "o)W9
/&+t +a2e done to +'J on '" 'nd.9
T+en follo8ed a 8ord +ere and t+ere a'on& ')c+ t+at 8as lle&ble. I
co$" 8+at 8e s)cceeded n readn&. n t+e ar'" scra$e
t+e sa3e of anot+er 2er" fools+1 b)t not+n& 8ron& for
2erdct 8as )nfort)natel" 8+at t+ere 8as let 'e &o on1 I a'
tr"n& sa" t+at1 b)t E)te 'sta3en case n all ts +s
co''sson of second (co'$an"W) $r2ate solder &on& o)t &a2e to
+s Colonel 2er" stron& feeln& abo)t t all.9
T+e abo2e flled fo)r $a&es. 6e $ondered o2er t1 b)t co)ld not 'a3e
o)t an" 'ore. 6+en $lanc+ette 8as $)t bac31 t+e follo8n& 8as
2ol)nteeredJ
Tell 7a'es I re'e'ber +' E)te 8ell. -e 8ll recollect abo)t
X)entn5s tral.9
/r. 6ed&8ood5s frend1 Ca$tan 7a'es1 of co)rse1 8as 'eant. /r. 6.
sad +e 8o)ld 8rte and as3 +'G b)t dd t+e 8rter 'ean t+at Ca$tan 7a'es
3ne8 t+e secretW
!o one 3ne8 t.9 (T8o lnes lle&ble.) 7a'es 8ll tell "o)1 I +a2e not
$o8er. -e 8as tred b" co)rtC'artal.9
/r. 6.J T+s X)entn 8as n t+e ar'" t+enW9
Yes. rest of t+e' 8o)ld +a2e b)t I cannot 8rte
$lanl" n ans8er1 t+o)&+ I tr". I 8anted to tell "o) abo)t $oor X)entn1 b)t
+a2e not $o8er 8t+o)t f)rt+er $ractce. I 3ne8 a secret of +s at t+e t'e of
+s scra$e cond)ct offces . T+e co)rtC'artal I
dd not.9
/r. 6ed&8ood +ere s)&&ested 8e s+o)ld sto$ for a t'e1 to see f rest
8o)ld ncrease t+e $o8er. 6e sat a&an for a fe8 'n)tes before l)nc+1
drectl" after 8+c+ +e left b" tranG b)t t+e control 8as t+en dfferent1 and
t+e fe8 8ords 8rtten dd not a$$ear to +a2e an" s$ecal nterest or
'eann&.
/r. 6ed&8ood 8rtes on October ;*st1 *AA@J
I fnd t+at t+ere 8as a fa'o)s co)rtC'artal on Colonel X)entn n
October *A*<1 n conseE)ence of a ro)nd robn s&ned b" t8ent"Cfo)r of +s
offcers. I +ad a 2a&)e recollecton of t+e na'e of Colonel X. as a frend of
Geor&e IV.1 and so'et+n& ')st +a2e t)rned )$ abo)t t+e co)rtC'artal n
t+e earl" t8entes 8+en t+e *>t+ -)ssars beca'e notoro)s1 as I fo)nd I +ad
+eard of t+e ro)nd +ii,GLM- robn. T+e acc)saton1 too1 8as of a 8ant of
$ro$er drectons to +s s)bordnates n acton1 so no retcence of an"bod"
co)ld +a2e 'ade an" dfference1 and +e 8as +'self t+e Colonel of t+e
re&'ent.
6t+ res$ect to t+e ca$t)re of Baner1 t+e onl" c+ance of 2erfcaton
8o)ld be fro' t+e fa'l"1 and /ss G)r8ood +as not ans8ered '" letter.
Ca$tan 7a'es 8rtes to 'e fro' *> -ereford Road1 London1 7)ne .@t+1
*A@*J
%bo)t t+e "ear *A;> '" re&'ent 8as E)artered at Ports'o)t+1 and
Colonel G)r8ood 8as t+en on t+e staff of t+e &arrson t+ere. T+e Colonel
8as an +onorar" 'e'ber of o)r 'ess1 and dned 8t+ )s nearl" e2er" da". I
re'e'ber I )sed to be 2er" fond of sttn& ne#t to +'1 and con2ersn& 8t+
+' abo)t t+e 2aro)s e2ents t+at occ)rred d)rn& t+e Penns)lar 6ar. Of
co)rse t+e X)entn tral ')st +a2e ta3en $lace 8+en I 8as a 'ere c+ld1 as I
8as born n *A><.
)'( . /r. 6ed&8ood &a2e )s also anot+er case of a so'e8+at s'lar
c+aracter1 8+c+ I cte n )'( A .
4nall"1 a fe8 'ont+s before +s deat+1 I rece2ed fro' +' a t+rd
retroco&nt2e case1 8+c+ s $rnted n f)ll n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.
$$. @@K*><. It relates to t+e e#ec)ton of %lce Gr'bolda 'adCser2ant at
an nn at Lecester8+o 8as conde'ned to be b)rnt al2e for co'$lct" n
t+e ')rder of +er 'stress n *B>?. % n)'ber of na'es and detals 8ere
&2en1 all of 8+c+ 8ere after8ards 2erfed n a -stor" of Lecester. T+e
a)to'atsts 8ere confdent t+at t+e" +ad ne2er +eard of an" of t+e facts
before.
)'3 . I +a2e &2en t+ese cases n s)ccesson1 so t+at t+e reader 'a" see
t+e 3nd of &ro8n& dffc)lt" 8+c+ t+e t+eor" of for&otten 'e'ores +ere
n2ol2es. It 8ll be seen t+at 8t+ eac+ a)to'atst of &ood fat+ t+e E)eston
'a" 8t+ $atence be ca$able of defnte sol)ton. 6ere /rs. R. 8lln& and
able8+c+ at $resent s+e s notto fnd so'e ot+er $artner 8t+ 8+o'
s+e can 8rte1 no8 t+at /r. 6ed&8ood and +er sster +a2e been re'o2ed
b" deat+1 and to record a lon& seres of co'')ncatons1 8e '&+t &rad)all"
obtan a con2cton t+at t+e 'atters t+eren narrated et+er co)ld or co)ld
not all of t+e' +a2e been $re2o)sl" seen and for&otten. ('lar records
3e$t b" 'an" ot+er a)to'atsts '&+t +el$ to so'e &eneral concl)son as to
t+e so)rce fro' 8+c+ t+ese retroco&nt2e facts co'e1 f n an" cases
for&otten 'e'or" fals to e#$lan t+e'. One of t+e 'ost '$ortant data for
s)c+ a decson conssts n t+e acco)ntabsol)tel" tr)st8ort+"1 as I bele2e
&2en b" /r. (tanton /oses n ($rt Identt"19 of a seres of 'essa&es
fro' ')scal co'$osers1 &2n& t+e $rnc$al dates of t+er res$ect2e l2es1
as t+e" 'a" be fo)nd n an" Bo&ra$+cal ,ctonar"1 8t+ +ardl" an"t+n&
'ore. !o8 8ere s)c+ 'essa&es offered to )s as co'n& t+ro)&+ an alle&ed
a)to'atst not of 3no8n $robt" or 8+o co)ld brn& no $roof of ot+er
'essa&es not ca$able of ben& &ot )$ before+and1 8e s+o)ld nat)rall" set
t+e' asde. B)t 8t+ /r. /oses1 as +ii,GLN- 8t+ /rs. R. abo2eand n a
stll +&+er de&reet+ere 8as so consderable an nde$endent +stor" of
$ro2abl" s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena t+at 8e are bo)nd to consder t+ese
')scal bo&ra$+es n t+er $lace as a $art of t+at seres. T+er $ec)lar
nat)re e#cted t+e s)r$rse of /r. /oses and +s frends1 8+o 8ere nfor'ed
b" t+e &)des9 t+at t+ese 8ere n fact 'essa&es fro' t+e s$rts n E)eston1
b)t t+at t+ese s$rts +ad refres+ed t+er 'e'or" of t+er eart+Cl2es b"
cons)ltn& $rnted so)rces of nfor'aton. It s ob2o)s t+at t+s s to dro$
t+e s)$$osed $roof of dentt" alto&et+er. If an" &2en s$rt can cons)lt +s
o8n $rnted lfe1 so also $res)'abl" can ot+er s$rtsG and so $er+a$s can
t+e stll ncarnated s$rt of t+e a)to'atst +'self. T+s 8as of co)rse felt
b" /r. /oses1 8+o told 'e t+at s)bDect2el" also t+e feeln& 8+c+
acco'$aned t+ese bo&ra$+cal 8rtn&s 8as 2er" dfferent fro' t+at 8+c+
ca'e 8+en1 as +e +eld1 so'e s$rt 8as entern& 8t+ +' nto real and
drect co'')ncaton.
)'+ . 4ro' t+ese re'ote +storcal narrat2es I &o on to certan 'essa&es
a2o8edl" co'n& fro' $ersons 'ore recentl" de$arted1 and nto 8+c+
so'et+n& 'ore of defnte $ersonalt" see's to enter. One ele'ent of t+s
3nd s hand#riting/ and n t+e ne#t case t 8ll be seen t+at rese'blance of
+and8rtn& s one of t+e e2dental $onts alle&ed. !o8 $roof of dentt"
fro' rese'blance of +and8rtn& 'a" conce2abl" be 2er" stron&. B)t n
est'atn& t 8e ')st bear t8o $onts n 'nd. T+e frst s t+at (l3e t+e
rese'blances of soCcalled s$rtC$+oto&ra$+s9 to deceased frends) t s
often 2er" loosel" asserted. One needs1 f not an e#$ert5s o$non1 at least a
caref)l $ersonal scr)tn" of t+e t+ree scr$tst+e a)to'atst5s 2ol)ntar" and
+s a)to'atc scr$t1 and t+e deceased $erson5s scr$tbefore one can feel
s)re t+at t+e rese'blance s n 'ore t+an so'e &eneral scra8lness. T+s
refers to t+e cases 8+ere t+e a)to'atst +as $ro2abl" ne2er seen t+e
deceased $erson5s +and8rtn&. 6+ere +e has seen t+at +and8rtn&1 8e
+a2e to re'e'ber (n t+e second $lace) t+at a +"$notsed s)bDect can
freE)entl" 'tate an" 3no8n +and8rtn& far 'ore closel" t+an n +s
8a3n& stateG and t+at conseE)entl" 8e are bo)nd to credt t+e s)bl'nal
self 8t+ a ''etc fac)lt" 8+c+ 'a" co'e o)t n t+ese 'essa&es 8t+o)t
an" s)$ral'nal &)dance 8+ate2er on t+e a)to'atst5s $art I &2e n )'+ A
an abrd&ed acco)nt of a seres of e#$er'ents b" Professor RossCPa&non
at Pesaro1 nto 8+c+ t+e E)eston of +and8rtn& enters. T+e f)ll acco)nt
ll)strates a)to'atc )tterance as 8ell as ot+er for's of 'otor a)to'ats'1
and $ossbl" also tele3netc $+eno'ena. T+e crtcal dsc)sson of t+e
e2dence b" /r. -. Babn&ton ('t+1 to 8+o' 8e are ndebted for t+e
acco)nt1 s+o8s 8t+ 8+at co'$le# consderatons 8e +a2e to deal n t+e
E)estons no8 before )s.
)', . T+e case of /rs. :nder8ood ne#t to be E)oted (n )', A )
contans se2eral $onts of nterest besdes t+e alle&ed rese'blance of
+and8rtn&. It s+o8s once 'ore1 for nstance1 t+e &reat s'lart" of +ii,
GLO- 8a"s n 8+c+ t+s 8rtn& ta3es ts rse 8t+ a)to'atsts all o2er t+e
8orld1 and t+e rec)rrence of t+e sa'e $)NNles 8t+ obser2ers of 'an"
dfferent t"$es1 and 'a" t+)s ser2e as an ntrod)cton to t+e &ro)$s of cases
8+c+ follo8.
)'' . I no8 cte a fe8 cases 8+ere t+e $ont of central nterest s t+e
anno)nce'ent of a deat+ )n3no8n to t+e stters.
T+e frst s a case 8+c+ 8e rece2ed fro' ,r. LUbea)lt1 of !anc"1 and
8+c+ 8as frst $)bls+ed n &hantasms o$ the .iving (2ol. . $. .@;)w1
8+ere t 8as re&arded as an e#a'$le of a s$ontaneo)s tele$at+c '$)lse
$roceedn& drectl" fro' a d"n& $erson. I no8 re&ard t as 'ore $robabl"
d)e to t+e acton of t+e s$rt after bodl" deat+. T+e translaton of ,r.
LUbea)lt5s narrat2e s as follo8sJ
!%!CY1 September <th, *AA?.
I +asten to 8rte to "o) as to t+at case of t+o)&+tCtransference of 8+c+ I
s$o3e to "o) 8+en "o) 8ere $resent at '" +"$notc sUances at !anc". T+e
ncdent occ)rred n a 4renc+ fa'l" fro' !e8 Orleans1 8+o +ad co'e to
sta" for so'e t'e at !anc" for b)sness reasons. I +ad beco'e acE)anted
8t+ t+s fa'l" fro' t+e fact t+at /.G.1 ts +ead1 +ad bro)&+t to 'e +s
nece1 /
lle
B.1 to be treated b" +"$nots'. (+e s)ffered fro' sl&+t anae'a
and fro' a ner2o)s co)&+1 contracted at CoblentN1 n a -&+ (c+ool 8+ere
s+e 8as a teac+er. I easl" nd)ced so'na'b)ls'1 and s+e 8as c)red n
t8o sttn&s. T+e $rod)cton of t+s +"$notc state s)&&ested to t+e G. fa'l"
(/rs. G. 8as a s$rt 'ed)') and to /
lle
B. +erself t+at s+e '&+t easl"
beco'e a 'ed)'. (+e set +erself to t+e e2ocaton of s$rts (n 8+c+ s+e
fr'l" bele2ed) b" t+e ad of +er $en1 and at t+e end of t8o 'ont+s s+e +ad
beco'e a re'ar3able 8rtn& 'ed)'. I +a2e '"self seen +er ra$dl"
8rtn& $a&e after $a&e of 8+at s+e called 'essa&es19all n 8ellCc+osen
lan&)a&e and 8t+ no eras)res18+le at t+e sa'e t'e s+e 'antaned
con2ersaton 8t+ t+e $eo$le near +er. %n odd t+n& 8as t+at s+e +ad no
3no8led&e 8+ate2er of 8+at s+e 8as 8rtn&. It ')st be a s$rt19 s+e
8o)ld sa"1 8+c+ &)des '" +andG t s certanl" not I.9
One da"1t 8as1 I t+n31 4ebr)ar" =t+1 *ABA1 abo)t A %./.1 8+en D)st
abo)t to seat +erself at table for brea3fast1 s+e felt a 3nd of need1 an
'$)lse 8+c+ $ro'$ted +er to 8rteGt 8as 8+at s+e called a trance,
and s+e r)s+ed off at once to +er lar&e noteCboo31 8+ere s+e 8rote n $encl1
8t+ fe2ers+ +aste1 certan )ndec$+erable 8ords. (+e 8rote t+e sa'e
8ords a&an and a&an on t+e $a&es 8+c+ follo8ed1 and at last1 as +er
a&taton d'ns+ed1 t 8as $ossble to read t+at a $erson called /ar&)Urte
8as t+)s anno)ncn& +er deat+. T+e fa'l" at once ass)'ed t+at a "o)n&
lad" of t+at na'e1 a frend of /
lle
B.5s and +er co'$anon and collea&)e n
t+e CoblentN -&+ (c+ool1 ')st +a2e D)st e#$red. T+e" all ca'e
''edatel" to 'e1 /
lle
B. a'on& t+e'1 and 8e decded to 2erf" t+e
anno)nce'ent of deat+ t+at 2er" da". /
lle
B. 8rote to a "o)n& En&ls+ lad"
8+o 8as also a teac+er n t+at sa'e sc+ool. (+e &a2e so'e ot+er reason for
8rtn&Gta3n& care not to re2eal t+e tr)e 'ot2e of t+e letter. B" ret)rn of
$ost 8e rece2ed an ans8er n En&ls+1 of 8+c+ t+e" co$ed for 'e t+e
essental $art. I fo)nd t+s ans8er n a $ortfolo +ardl" a fortn&+t a&o1 and
+a2e 'slad t a&an. It e#$ressed t+e s)r$rse of t+e En&ls+ lad" at t+e
rece$t of /
lle
B.5s )ne#$ected and a$$arentl" 'ot2eless +ii,GMP- letter. B)t
at t+e sa'e t'e t+e En&ls+ corres$ondent 'ade +aste to anno)nce to /
lle
B. t+at t+er co''on frend1 /ar&)Urte1 +ad ded on 4ebr)ar" =t+1 at abo)t
A %./. /oreo2er1 t+e letter contaned a lttle sE)are $ece of $rnted $a$erG
t+e anno)nce'ent of deat+ sent ro)nd to frends.
I need not sa" t+at I e#a'ned t+e en2elo$e1 and t+at t+e letter a$$eared
to 'e to +a2e 2ertabl" co'e fro' CoblentN. Yet I +a2e snce felt a certan
re&ret. In t+e nterests of scence I o)&+t to +a2e as3ed t+e G. fa'l" to
allo8 'e to &o 8t+ t+e' to t+e tele&ra$+ offce to nE)re 8+et+er t+e" +ad
rece2ed a tele&ra' earl" on 4ebr)ar" =t+. (cence s+o)ld feel no s+a'eG
tr)t+ does not dread e#$os)re. /" $roof of t+e fact s )lt'atel" a 'oral
oneJ t+e +ono)r of t+e G. fa'l"18+c+ +as al8a"s a$$eared to 'e to be
absol)tel" abo2e s)s$con.
%. %. LIeBE%:LT.
:$on t+ese last sentences G)rne" re'ar3s t+at1 a$art fro' t+e
'$robablt" t+at t+e 8+ole fa'l" 8o)ld Don n a cons$rac" to dece2e
t+er frend1 t+e nat)re of t+e ans8er rece2ed fro' CoblentN s+o8s t+at t+e
8rter of t cannot +a2e been a8are t+at an" tele&ra$+c anno)nce'ent +ad
been sent. %nd t s n tself )nl3el" t+at t+e a)t+ortes of t+e sc+ool 8o)ld
+a2e felt t necessar" nstantl" to co'')ncate t+e ne8s to /dlle. B.
)'* . I s+all ne#t &2e n )'* A a case of c)ro)s co'$le#t" rece2ed
fro' /. %3sa3offGan a)to'atc 'essa&e 8rtten b" a /dlle. (tra''1
nfor'n& +er of t+e deat+ of a /. ,)2anel. T+e $rnc$al ncdents 'a"
+ere be dsentan&led as follo8sJ
,)2anel des b" +s o8n +and on 7an)ar" *?t+1 *AA=1 n a (8ss 2lla&e1
8+ere +e l2es alone1 +a2n& no relatons e#ce$t a brot+er l2n& at a
dstance1 8+o' /dlle. (tra'' +ad ne2er seen (as t+e $rnc$al 8tness1 /.
Ra&orodoff1 nfor's )s n a letter of /a" *A@>).
/dlle. (tra''5s fat+er does not +ear of ,)2anel5s deat+ tll t8o da"s
later1 and sends +er t+e ne8s n a letter dated 7an)ar" *At+1 *AA=.
42e +o)rs after ,)2anel5s deat+ an a)to'atc 'essa&e anno)ncn& t s
8rtten at t+e +o)se of /. Ra&orodoff1 at 6lna n R)ssa1 b" /dlle.
(tra''1 8+o +ad certanl" at t+at t'e rece2ed no ne8s of t+e e2ent.
4ro' 8+at 'nd are 8e to s)$$ose t+at t+s nfor'aton ca'eW
(*) 6e 'a" frst atte'$t to acco)nt for /dlle. (tra''5s 'essa&e on t+e
t+eor" of atency. 6e 'a" s)$$ose t+at t+e tele$at+c 'essa&e ca'e fro'
t+e d"n& 'an1 b)t dd not rse nto consco)sness )ntl an o$$ort)nt" 8as
afforded b" /dlle. (tra''5s sttn& do8n to 8rte a)to'atcall".
B)t to t+s nter$retaton t+ere s an obDecton of a 2er" c)ro)s 3nd.
T+e 'essa&e 8rtten b" /dlle. (tra'' 8as not $recsel" acc)rate. Instead
of ascrbn& ,)2anel5s deat+ to s)cde1 t ascrbed t to a sto$$a&e of blood1
)n en&or&e'ent de san&.9
%nd 8+en /. (tra''1 t+ree da"s after t+e deat+1 8rote to +s da)&+ter
n R)ssa to tell +er of t1 +e also )sed t+e sa'e e#$resson1 )n
en&or&e'ent de san&19 t+)s ds&)sn& t+e act)al tr)t+ n order to s$are t+e
feeln&s of +s da)&+ter1 8+o +ad for'erl" ref)sed to 'arr" ,)2anel1 and
8+o (as +er fat+er feared) '&+t rece2e a $anf)l s+oc3 f s+e learnt t+e
tra&c nat)re of +s end. T+ere 8as1 t+erefore1 a sn&)lar concdence
bet8een t+e a)to'atc and t+e nor'all"C8rtten 'essa&e as to t+e deat+Ga
concdence 8+c+ loo3s as t+o)&+ +ii,GMG- t+e sa'e 'nd +ad been at 8or3
n eac+ nstance. B)t t+at 'nd cannot +a2e been /. (tra''5s ordnar"
'nd1 as +e 8as not s)$ral'nall" a8are of ,)2anel5s deat+ at t+e t'e
8+en t+e frst 'essa&e 8as 8rtten. It 'a"1 +o8e2er1 be s)$$osed t+at +s
s)bl'nal self +ad rece2ed t+e nfor'aton of t+e deat+ tele$at+call"1 +ad
trans'tted t n a delberatel" 'odfed for' to +s da)&+ter1 8+le t
re'aned latent n +'self1 and +ad after8ards nfl)enced +s s)$ral'nal
self to 'odf" t+e nfor'aton n t+e sa'e 8a" 8+en 8rtn& to +er.
(.) B)t 8e ')st also consder t+e e#$lanaton of t+e concdence &2en
b" t+e ntell&ence 8+c+ controlled t+e a)to'atc 8rtn&. T+at ntell&ence
asserted tself to be a brot+er of /dlle. (tra''5s1 8+o ded so'e "ears
before. %nd t+s Lo)s9 f)rt+er asserted t+at +e +ad +'self nfl)enced /.
(tra'' to 'a3e )se of t+e sa'e e)$+e'stc $+rase1 8t+ t+e obDect of
a2odn& a s+oc3 to /dlle. (tra''G for 8+c+ $)r$ose t 8as needf)l t+at
t+e t8o 'essa&es s+o)ld a&ree n ascrbn& t+e deat+ to t+e sa'e for' of
s)dden llness.
!o8 f t+s be tr)e1 and t+e 'essa&e dd ndeed co'e fro' t+e deceased
Lo)s19 8e +a2e an ndcaton of contn)ed e#stence1 and contn)ed
3no8led&e of eart+l" affars1 on t+e $art of a $erson lon& dead.
B)t f 8e consder t+at t+e case1 as $resented to )s1 contans no $roof of
Lo)s59 dentt"1 so t+at Lo)s9 'a" be 'erel" one of t+ose arbtrar"
na'es 8+c+ t+e a)to'atst5s s)bl'nal ntell&ence see's so $rone to
ass)'eG t+en 8e ')st s)$$ose t+at ,)2anel 8as act)all" o$erat2e on t8o
occasons after deat+1 frst ns$rn& n /dlle. (tra'' t+e a)to'atc
'essa&e1 and t+en 'odf"n& n /. (tra'' t+e 'essa&e 8+c+ t+e fat+er
'&+t ot+er8se +a2e sent.
)') . I ne#t &2e n )') A and B t8o cases 8+ere certan tele3netc
$+eno'ena see' to +a2e been connected 8t+ t+e anno)nce'ent of a recent
deat+1 8+c+ n t+e frst case 8as &2en b" ra$s1 and n t+e second 8as
acco'$aned b" ot+er $+"scal dst)rbances. It ')st be obser2ed1 +o8e2er1
t+at t+e e2dence for t+e dentt" of t+e s$rt 8+o 8as s)$$osed to be
co'')ncatn& n t+s second case s far fro' co'$lete. I +a2e alread"
$onted o)t t+at t+e class of 'otor a)to'ats's see's to lead to tele3netc
$+eno'ena1 b)t I s+all $ost$one an" dsc)sson of t+e' tll t+e follo8n&
c+a$ter.
)'9 . I ne#t &2e n )'9 A and B t8o cases 8+ere t+e s)$$osed
co'')ncators +a2e been dead so'e t'e1 t+e deat+s ben& 3no8n to t+e
a)to'atsts1 b)t certan detals of t+e deat+s 8ere correctl" &2en1 n
o$$oston to t+e belefs of t+e a)to'atsts.
)*0 . I add to t+ese n )*0 A anot+er c)ro)s case 8+ere 2aro)s detals
3no8n to t+e alle&ed co'')ncator 8ere correctl" &2en1 alt+o)&+
)n3no8n to t+e sttersG "et 8+ere ot+er crc)'stances 8ere descrbed as
t+e" 8ere at t+e t'e of t+e co'')ncator5s deat+1 alt+o)&+ t+e stters 8ere
a8are t+at t+ese crc)'stances +ad snce altered.
)*1 . I 3no8 not n 8+at l&+t I s+o)ld +a2e re&arded t+e ne#t case I
&2e (n )*1 A ) +ad I seen t onl" n a boo3 bearn& t+e so'e8+at alar'n&
ttle of The 'oy Truth (%rt+)r -alla+1 *A=B). +ii,GMH- B)t t+e
a&&ress2eness of rel&o)s con2cton 8t+ 8+c+ /r. -)&+ 7)nor Bro8ne5s
e#$erences +a2e ns$red +' does not $re2ent +s ben&1 as I +a2e +eard
fro' t+e -on. (r 6. G. 6nde"er1 7)d&e of ()$re'e Co)rt1 ("dne"1 and
+a2e fo)nd on $ersonal acE)antance1 a 'an of +&+ standn& as to bot+
c+aracter and $ractcal ca$act". -e s a $ros$ero)s 'an of b)sness at
/elbo)rne1 and t+e elder of t+e t8o da)&+ters 8t+ 8+ose a)to'ats' 8e
+a2e to deal s 'arred to one of t+e fore'ost 'en of t+e Colon" of
Vctora. I re&ard +'1 t+erefore1 as a 8tness 8+ose stron& o$nons1
ndeed1 '&+t +el$ a fra)d)lent 'ed)' to dece2e +'1 b)t 8+o s f)ll" to
be tr)sted as re&ards easl" obser2ed e2ents occ)rrn& n +s o8n fa'l"
crcle. I dsc)ssed t+s case 8t+ +' and /rs. Bro8ne on October ;rd1
*A@*. /rs. Bro8ne see'ed to 'e a &ood 8tness1 and corroborated t+e facts
so far as ''edatel" 3no8n to +er1 &2n& 'e a 8rtten confr'aton of t+e
8rtn& of t+e "o)n& c+ld1 8+o 8as $resent at o)r nter2e8 as a "o)n&
lad" of abo)t t8ent". /ss Bro8ne cannot re'e'ber t+e ncdent n +er
fft+ "ear1 b)t told 'e t+at s+e +ad so'et'es 8rtten a)to'atcall" snce
t+at dateG+er ar' )sed to feel n)'b 8+le don& so.
)*( . I &2e n )*( A anot+er nstance of a lttle &rl1 onl" fo)r "ears of
a&e1 8+o +ad no 3no8led&e of +er letters1 and 8+o 8rote se2eral s&nfcant
8ordsYo)r %)nt E''a.9
)*3 . I no8 E)ote n f)ll a &eneral acco)nt of +s e#$erences n
a)to'atc 8rtn& b" a /r. 6.1 fro' 8+o' I +a2e alread" cted a 'nor
e#$erence1 also of a 'otor t"$e1 n )(3 . ,r. -od&son 2sted and +ad lon&
tal3s 8t+ +'1 and for'ed t+e +&+est '$resson of +s ablt" and care.
(o'e of t+e a)to'atc 'essa&es are $er+a$s best e#$lcable on t+e
+"$ot+ess of s)bl'nal telFst+esa1 ot+ers b" tele$at+" fro' l2n& 'nds1
8+le ot+ers are at least primF $acie referable to a so)rce n t+e 'nd of a
de$arted $erson1 fro' 8+o' t+e" $rofessed to co'e. 6+et+er t+ere are n
realt" so 'an" dfferent or&ns of a seres of 'essa&es &2en to one
a)to'atst1 or 8+et+er an" one e#$lanaton can be 'ade to co2er t+e' all1
s a 'atter to 8+c+ 8e s+all +a2e to ret)rn n t+e ne#t c+a$ter.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .<.K<A.)
!.Y.1 November *?th, *A@*.
,R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1Recentl" I learned t+at "o) are
t+e (ecretar" of t+e %'ercan Branc+ of t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+.
Ben& nterested n t+e s)bDect1 I concl)ded to 8rte to "o)1 offern& a
state'ent of '" o8n e#$erence. %s soCcalled s$rt)al 'anfestatons are
2e8ed )nfa2o)rabl" here, and as t 8o)ld be ')c+ to '" detr'ent f '"
connecton 8t+ t+e s)bDect 8ere to beco'e 3no8n1 I as3 t+at '" na'e be
8t++eld fro' t+e $)blc.
4or t+e $ast f2e "ears I +a2e been a soCcalled 8rtn& 'ed)'. T+e
8rtn& s n2ol)ntar" on '" $art1 and t+e t+o)&+ts e#$ressed are not 'ne
t+at s1 as far as I 3no8 t+e" are not 'ne.
+ii,GMI-
(o'et'es1 nstead of 8rtn&1 offC+and $en 8or3 8ll be done1 b)t t s
not of a 2er" +&+ order. In t+e 8rtn& t+e $en'ans+$ s &enerall" 2er"
&ood1 and t+e t+o)&+ts e#$ressed are &enerall" &ood1 and are so'et'es
2al)able. %s "o) are )ndo)btedl" fa'lar 8t+ t+s class of 8rtn&1 I 8ll
not &o nto detals1 b)t 8ll lea2e "o) to nE)re for s)c+ facts as "o) see ft.
I a' an#o)s to fnd a satsfactor" e#$lanaton of t+s1 and I +o$e t+e
(ocet" 'a" "et be able to f)rns+ one.
%s an ndcaton of t+e trend of '" t+o)&+ts1 I 8ll add t+at for t+e $ast
t+rteen or fo)rteen "ears I +a2e been a st)dent of t+e 8or3s of -erbert
($encer and ot+er &reat 'en of lberal 2e8s1 and t+at I a' an e2ol)tonst1
so called.
If "o) t+n3 '" e#$erence 8ll be of )se1 $lease call for t. Yo) 'a"
send E)estons1 or "o) 'a" state n a &eneral 8a" t+e o)tlne of 8+at 8ll be
of )se.
!.Y.1 *ecember ..nd, *A@*.
,R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1(IR1Y42e "ears a&o I 8as n Ver'ont
on b)sness1 and 8+le t+ere 'ade a 2st at t+e +o'e of a relat2e. In t+e
e2enn&1 for a')se'ent1 a $lanc+ette 8as $rod)ced and o$erated. Prett"
soon t 8as 8rtten t+at I 8as a 8rtn& 'ed)'1 and I 8as reE)ested to tr"
8t+ a $encl. I too3 a $encl n '" +and and to '" s)r$rse I fo)nd I co)ld
8rte so'e n t+e a)to'atc9 'anner. T+e 8rtn& 8as not 2er" &ood and
8as acco'$aned 8t+ 'ore or less brea3s and dffc)ltes. It 8as 8rtten
t+at $ractce 8o)ld 'a3e t ')c+ freer and better. T+s I fo)nd to be so.
Persons n t+e roo' as3ed as to dates on $eces of 'one" and ot+er s'lar
tests1 and t+e ans8ers 8ere &enerall" correct. %fter t+at I 8rote so'e al'ost
dal" for so'e t'e and soon beca'e E)te a read" 8rter n t+s 'anner.
On one occason1 not lon& after1 a frend1 of 8+ose lfe I +ad 3no8n
not+n& )ntl abo)t t+at t'e1 $ro$osed to as3 so'e E)estons 'entall" and
see f t+e ans8ers 8rtten 8o)ld be correct. It 8as 8rtten t+at t+e s$rt of
+s 8fe 8as $resent. I nE)red ('entall") for +er na'e. In re$l" +er na'e
8as 8rtten o)t n f)ll1 correctl". I dd not 3no8 +er na'eJ I 3ne8 t+at +e
8as a 8do8er1 and I 3ne8 no 'ore of +s 8fe or t+e 'atters nE)red
abo)t. /" frend t+en as3ed ('entall") 8+ere s+e ded and 8+enW T+e
ans8ers 8ere correct. -e t+en as3ed1 6+at 8as t+e ca)se of +er deat+W9
T+e ans8er1 -eart dsease19 8as correct. -e t+en as3ed for t+e
crc)'stances of +er deat+. It 8as 8rtten t+at s+e ded s)ddenl"1 at n&+t1
b" t+e sde of +'1 n bed1 and t+at t+e frst t+n& +e 3ne8 of +er deat+ 8as
8+en +e fo)nd +er dead n t+e 'ornn&. T+s 8as correct. -e as3ed for +er
a&e1 sNe1 and for an" $artc)lar 'ar3 b" 8+c+ s+e co)ld be dentfedW T+e
ans8er 8as correct as to a&e and sNe1 and as to dentfcaton t 8as 8rtten
t+at s+e +ad a lar&e scar near t+e 3nee1 ca)sed b" a b)rn. T+s 8as also
correct.
/an" ot+er E)estons 8ere as3ed and ans8eredG and 8+et+er +e as3ed
t+e E)estons alo)d1 or 'entall" to +'self1 t+e ans8ers 8ere strctl" correct
n al'ost e2er" nstance. T+ere 8as no one b)t )s t8o $resent.
On anot+er occason1 abo)t t+e sa'e t'e1 I 'ade nE)r" (I 8as alone)
to)c+n& a case I 8as t+en n2est&atn&. Brefl"1 t+e facts are t+eseJ%
8ealt+" 8do81 /rs. 0.1 +ad ded at +er s)''er cotta&e 8t+ no one
$resent sa2e +er sster and a ne&+bo)r. (+e left a 8llJ b" ts ter's t+s
sster 8as to rece2e se2eral t+o)sand dollars. O)r clent1 /rs. Y.1 8as also
a le&atee and t+e e#ec)tr# of t+e 8llG and as s)c+ t 8as +er d)t" to collect
n all assets. O)r clent 3ne8 t to be a fact t+at t+e deceased +ad n cas+ n
+er $ossesson a s+ort t'e before +er deat+ abo)t h=>>. %fter /rs. 0.5s +ii,
GMJ- deat+ no 'one" 8as fo)nd1 and t+e sster 8+o 8as 8t+ +er cla'ed
t+ere 8as no 'one"G t+at /rs. 0. +ad no 'one" at t+e t'e of +er deat+
abo)t +er1 e#ce$t so'e h*?. O)r clent sa8 t+s sster and E)estoned +er
closel"1 b)t to no $)r$ose. I dd not see or 3no8 t+s sster )ntl so'e t'e
after t+e 8rtn& I a' abo)t to &2e. T+e E)eston 8as1 8+at +ad beco'e of
t+e h=>>W %lone b" '"self I as3ed for t+e facts1 8+c+ 8ere 8rtten o)t
')c+ n detal1 b)t n s)bstance t+e facts as 8rtten 8ere t+eseJ T+at t+e
deceased +ad on +er $erson at t+e t'e of +er deat+ abo)t hB>>G t+at s+e +ad
s$ent t+e ot+er h*>>G t+at ''edatel" after +er deat+ +er sster1 /rs. V.1
+ad stolen t+e hB>> fro' +er dead bod"G t+at s+e +ad snce s$ent so'e of t
and de$osted t+e balance1 so'e h?>>1 n a ban3 n t+e 2lla&e of %. In t+e
co)rse of a fe8 da"s 8e 'ade nE)r"1 and learned t+at /rs. V. +ad 'ade
t+e de$ost t+ere1 b)t +ad recentl" dra8n t o)t. 6e t+en cted +er before t+e
()rro&ate1 and s+e s8ore t+at D)st before t+e deat+ of /rs. 0. (t+e sa'e
n&+t s+e ded) /rs. 0. &a2e +er t+e 'one"1 h?.>1 to &2e to a ne$+e8 as a
$resentG t+at t+ere 8as onl" h?.>G t+at s+e +ad D)st &2en t to t+e ne$+e8.
6e co''enced a s)t a&anst +er for t+e 'one" (h?.>) and reco2ered t.
T+e D)r" dd not bele2e +er defence and 'ade +er $a". I +a2e onl" stated so
')c+ of t+e case as see's to bear on t+e a)to'atc9 8rtn&. T+e E)eston
s1 8+ere dd I &et t+e 3no8led&e of t+e t+eft1 t+e a'o)nt and t+e de$ost n
t+e ban3W I 'a" add t+at 8e after8ards learned s+e dd s$end so'e 'one"
abo)t t+at t'e t+at 8e al8a"s t+o)&+t 8as so'e s+e too3 n addton to t+e
h?.>1 and t 8o)ld +a2e 'ade t+e s)' stolen abo)t hB>>.
%bo)t fo)r and a +alf "ears a&o an a)nt of 'ne1 /ss T.1 learned t+at
s+e +ad a cancer &ro8n& on +er breast. (+e +ad t c)t o)t1 and soon 8as
a$$arentl" n 2er" far +ealt+. %fter a fe8 'ont+s s+e be&an to fal 2er"
')c+G 8as abo)t t+e +o)se1 b)t 8as 2er" &enerall" r)n do8n. Cancer dd
not rea$$ear. (+e 8as not sad b" +er doctors to be n an" ''edate
dan&erG b)t for so'e reason I 'ade nE)r"1 and to '" s)r$rse t 8as
8rtten t+at s+e 8as 2er" badl" off1 and t+at s+e 8o)ld onl" l2e a 2er" s+ort
t'e. I nE)red t+e ca)se1 &c.1 and t 8as 8rtten t+at +er s"ste' 8as
$osoned t+ro)&+ and t+ro)&+ 8t+ cancero)s 'atter. I nE)red as to 8+en
s+e 8o)ld deW T+e ans8er 8as t+at t 8as '$ossble to tell D)st 8+en1 t+at
t+e 'ost t+at co)ld be sad 8as t+at s+e 8o)ld l2e abo)t t+rt" da"s1
D)d&n& fro' a caref)l e#a'naton of +er case 'ade at t+at t'e. It 8as
8rtten t+at s+e 8o)ld certanl" de1 t+at s+e co)ld not $ossbl" &et better or
l2e ')c+ lon&er t+an t+rt" da"s. 6t+n t+e ne#t 8ee3 or so I nE)red on
se2eral occasons as to t+e 'atter1 b)t t+e ans8ers 8ere al8a"s to t+e sa'e
effect and $ost2e. /" a)nt declned fast and ded at t+e t'e set 8t+n a
da"1 and I t+n3 t 8as D)st t+rt" da"s. (+e 8as abed onl" ten da"s or so. %
post,mortem s+o8ed s+e ded fro' cancero)s $osonn&.
On 'an" occasons I +a2e 'ade nE)r" as to 8+et+er certan sc3 ones
8o)ld de or reco2erG and f de1 8+enW Generall" t+e ans8ers $ro2ed 2er"
correct.
%bo)t a "ear a&o I 8as 8rtn& (for t+e s$rt of deceased frend1 /r. %.
so caimed). %fter so'e 8rtn& of a frendl" nat)re1 t 8as 8rtten
s)bstantall" as follo8sJT+ere s one t+n& t+at I 8s+ "o) co)ld do for
'e1 b)t I don5t see +o8 "o) can1 and t+at s1 sto$ '" son9 (na'e f)ll"
&2en) fro' drn3n&.9 I ans8ered (b" t+o)&+t)1 6+"1 I a' s)r$rsed. -e
doesn5t drn31 does +eW t+at s1 not an" to s$ea3 of1 an" 8a"W9 %.J Yes1 I
a' sorr" to sa" +e drn3s +ii,GMK- a &ood deal too ')c+.9 X.J 6+ere does
+e do +s drn3n& 'ostl"W9 %.J %t t+e B. -otel.9 I sad I ne2er +eard of +s
drn3n&. %.J 6ell1 "o) 8atc+ and nE)re1 and "o) 8ll fnd o)t t+at +e
does.9 I s+o)ld be 2er" &lad to be of so'e ser2ce n t+e 'atter.9 %.J If I
see a c+ance 8+ere "o) can I s+all certanl" call on "o).9
:$on n2est&aton I fo)nd t+s 8as all tr)e.
In /a" *AA=1 8+le loo3n& for a)t+ortes on an obsc)re $ont n a case
I 8as t+en $re$arn& for tral1 t 8as 8rtten n s)bstanceJ I 3no8 8+ere t+e
a)t+ort" s t+at "o) need.9 X.J 6+ereW9 %.J In H6endell5s Re$orts1I 2ol.
1 $a&e .9 X.J 6+o are "o)W9 %.J I a' %.B.9 T+e 2ol)'e and $a&e1 as
8ell as t+e na'e1 8ere &2en n f)llG t+e na'e 8as t+at of an old la8"er t+at
I +ad 3no8n 8ell. T+e case cted 8as D)st 8+at I needed. I +ad ne2er seen or
+eard of t+e case before to '" best 3no8led&e. T+ere are t8ent"Cs#
2ol)'es of 6endell5s Re$orts19 of abo)t =>> $a&es eac+.
I freE)entl" fnd as I a' e#a'nn& nde#es for D)d&'entCdebtors1
&rantees or &rantors1 &c.1 n cler3s5 offces1 and else8+ere1 t+at t+ere s t+s
sa'e 'anfestaton of ntell&ence n anot+er for'. Let 'e e#$lanJ (a" I
a' searc+n& an nde# )nder t+e +ead of (19 loo3n& for t+e na'e of
(tearns1 7o+n 7. B" $lacn& '" +and or fn&er on t+e boo31 dra8n& t alon&
do8n o2er t+e na'es1 8t+ no t+o)&+t of t+e 8or3 n +and1 as soon as '"
fn&er $asses t+e na'e desred '" fn&er 8ll sto$. /" e"es ')st be
drected to8ards t+e boo31 b)t no 'atter +o8 lstless or absentC'nded I
'a" be1 stll at s)c+ t'es '" fn&er 8ll sto$ at t+e na'e n E)eston.
6+en contrasted 8t+ ordnar" searc+n& t+e )nconsco)s ntell&ence t+at
see's to be be+nd t+s is very marBed.
Once1 ben& ')c+ n do)bt1 I as3ed1 6+at als W9 (one of '" sons)
6+at s+all I do for +'W9 T+e ans8er 8as1 Yo) +ad better not tr" to do
an"t+n& for +'1 b)t &o and &et ,r. T. -e 8ll 3no8 8+at to do.9 I called
,r. T. -e e#a'ned +' and ''edatel" &a2e an e'etc. T+e contents of
t+e sto'ac+ s+o8ed t+at d&eston +ad been sto$$ed1 or rat+er1 t+at t+e food
+ad not d&ested at all. T+e bo" reco2ered ra$dl". ,r. T. sad t 8as 8ell I
called +'. T+e bo" +ad been rat+er s)ddenl" ta3en ll a fe8 +o)rs after a
+eart" 'eal and soon after a se2ere fr&+t or 'ental stran.
In a contested case o2er a certan cla)se or beE)est n t+e 8ll of C. 8e
+ad been defeated and 8ere abo)t to a$$eal to t+e Co)rt of %$$eals1 o)r
+&+est co)rt. It 8as '" o$non1 also '" $artner5s1 t+at 8e 8o)ld 8n on
t+e a$$ealG b)t )$on nE)r" t 8as 8rtten t+at 8e s+o)ld be beaten1 and
t+s o$non 8as e#$ressed on se2eral occasons1 8t+ 2er" &ood reasons
ass&ned. 6e 8ere ad2sed not to a$$eal. 6e bro)&+t t+e a$$eal and 8ere
defeated.
I +a2e 'ade 'an" nE)res as to 8+et+er certan sc3 $ersons 8o)ld
reco2er or de. T+e ans8ers +a2e been 2er" correct1 &enerall". 6rtn&
to)c+n& t+e f)t)re s &enerall" stated to be b)t an o$non1 based on 3no8n
facts1 and fallblt" s freel" ad'tted. 6+en o$nons are 8rtten t+e
reasons ass&ned are 2er" freE)entl" not onl" ne8 to 'e1 or )nt+o)&+t of1
b)t are &enerall" &ood reasons.
I +a2e +ad a &ood deal of e#$erence and 'ade a &ood 'an" tests.
T+ose I +a2e &2en are a far sa'$le1 I t+n31 of t+e 8rtn& t+at $ro2ed to be
tr)e. /an" state'ents 'ade 8ere false and 'an" $redctons 'ade $ro2ed
)ntr)eG of t+ese I +a2e &2en no ll)straton1 b)t co)ld f necessar". I +a2e
done 'ost +ii,GML- of '" 8rtn& 8+en no one 8as $resent. Per+a$s I
s+o)ld state t+at t +as been re$eatedl" 8rtten not to bele2e an" 8rtn& or
state'ent )nless '" o8n &ood D)d&'ent a$$ro2ed of t. I +a2e 8rtten a
&ood deal to)c+n& a f)t)re state1 $oltcal and $+loso$+cal 'atters. Of all
t+s I +a2e not s$o3en1 as t does not see' of ')c+ '$ortance for o)r
$resent $)r$oses. In $assn& I 8ll sa" t+at ')c+ of t 8as a$$arentl" 2er"
&ood1 and E)te reasonable.
*ecember .Ath.
On C+rst'as E2e t+ere 8as1 as "o) are $robabl" a8are1 a ral8a"
accdent near -astn&s1 a lttle 8a" o)t fro' !e8 Yor3 Ct"1 n 8+c+
t8el2e $ersons 8ere 3lled and anot+er +as snce ded fro' nD)res
rece2ed. T+s lastC'entoned $erson resded near 'e. T+e ne8s of t+e
nD)r" to t+s $erson reac+ed 'e on C+rst'as ,a". Tele&ra's n t+e
afternoon 8ere fa2o)rable1 and ndcated a reco2er". I 'ade nE)r" as to
t+e 'atter1 and t 8as 8rtten n s)bstance t+at t+e $erson 8o)ld not
reco2er. I s)&&ested t+at tele&ra's ndcated a reco2er". T+e ans8er 8asJ
YesG b)t 8e +a2e 'ade an e#a'naton1 and are of o$non t+at no
reco2er" 8ll ta3e $lace.9 Tele&ra's t+e second da" 8ere stll 'ore
fa2o)rable1 b)t '" 8rtn& dd not c+an&e n o$non. T+e $art" ded at nne
o5cloc3 on t+e e2enn& of t+e .Bt+.Y
1anuary .@th, *A@..
,R. R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1In re$l" to "o)r nE)r" for s)c+ facts
as I 'a" be able to &2e1 to)c+n& t+e e#$erences &2en "o) b" '"
+)sband1 as a)to'atc 8rter1 I 8ll stateJ
!ot lon& after +e be&an to 8rte1 so'e f2e "ears a&o1 I sa8 a s+eet of
$a$er )$on 8+c+ 8as 8rtten a f)ll acco)nt of t+e robbn& of t+e bod" of
t+e dead sster. I read t+e acco)nt caref)ll". /" +)sband sad t+at +e +ad
8rtten t a)to'atcall"G t+at +e +ad as3ed for t+e facts and t+at 8as t+e
ans8er. T+e acco)nt of t1 as 8rtten o)t for "o) b" '" +)sband1 s t+e sa'e
n s)bstance as 8+at I sa8 and read1 e#ce$t t s 2er" ')c+ s+ortened. I +ad
t+e $a$er for so'e t'e1 and1 I t+n31 )ntl after t+e facts as &2en 8ere
$ro2en tr)eG b)t t 8as destro"ed lon& a&o. I attended t+e tral of t+e s)t
bro)&+t to reco2er t+e 'one". -s acco)nt &2en "o) I bele2e to be correct.
T+e lad"1 /ss T.1 8+o +ad a cancer1 8as '" a)nt. T+e acco)nt of +er
sc3ness and deat+ are correctl" &2en "o) b" '" +)sband1 b)t I sa8 no
8rtn&1 alt+o)&+ '" +)sband told 'e at t+e t'e +e +ad 8rtten so'et+n&
concernn& +er1 and +e stated t+at t 8as 8rtten t+at s+e 8o)ld de and told
8+en. I do not recall t+e t'e set1 b)t I recollect +er deat+ occ)rred at t+e
t'e $redcted.
I recollect t+e t'e referred to 8+en o)r son 8as sc3. I sa8 '"
+)sband don& so'e 8rtn& on t+at occason1 and t 8as 8rtten to &o and
&et ,r T. T+e acco)nt as 8rtten o)t for "o) b" '" +)sband s1 as I recollect
t1 tr)e n e2er" res$ect.
Concernn& t+e accdent of C+rst'as E2e1 I re'e'ber t+at on
C+rst'as ,a"1 after 8e +eard of t+e accdent1 '" +)sband dd so'e
8rtn&. -e sad +e +ad nE)red as to /r. E.5s condton1 &c.1 and t+at t
8as 8rtten t+at E. 8o)ld de1 t+at +e 8as nternall" and dan&ero)sl"
nD)red. On t+e ne#t da" t+e ans8ers t+at +e rece2ed as to /r. E.5s
condton 8ere to t+e sa'e effect. T+e tele&ra's rece2ed d)rn& t+e sa'e
t'e ndcated t+at +e 8o)ld reco2erone re$orted +' o)t of dan&er. E.
ded abo)t nne on t+e n&+t of t+e .Bt+.
+ii,GMM-
I +a2e 3no8n '" +)sband to 8rte o)t correctl" E)te a &ood 'an"
t+n&s t+at 8ere o)t of t+e 3no8led&e of ordnar" $ersons1 b)t of t+e
crc)'stances 8+c+ +e +as &2en to "o) I do not no8 recall an"t+n&
f)rt+er.
L/R(. 6.M
1anuary .@th, *A@..
,R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1I recollect t+e occason
referred to b" /r. 6. I t+n3 t 8as abo)t f2e "ears a&o. 6e 8ere aloneG +e
s$o3e of t+e E)eer 8rtn& +e 8as don&. %fter so'e tal3 on t+e s)bDect /r.
6. consented to tr" +s s3ll. I nE)red 8+at s$rts 8ere $resent1 and /r.
6.5s +and 8rote t+at '" 8fe 8as. I nE)red for +er na'e1 and +e 8rote
%dela O. B.1 8+c+ 8as correct. I also nE)red L8+enM s+e ded1 and 8+ere
and )nder 8+at crc)'stances1 and I as3ed for a descr$ton of +er. /r. 6.
8rote o)t ans8ers to all t+e E)estons as I as3ed t+e'. %s I recall t1 I as3ed
'ost of t+e E)estons b" t+n3n&. -e 8rote t+at s+e ded of +eart dsease1
and t+e date of +er deat+ 8as correctl" &2en1 as 8as also +er $ersonal
a$$earance. %nd t 8as 8rtten t+at s+e ded n bed 8t+ 'eG t+at t+e frst I
3ne8 of +er deat+ 8as 8+en I a8o3e n t+e 'ornn&. -e also 8rote t+at
t+ere 8as a lar&e scar near t+e 3nee on t+e left le&.
I recollect t+at t+e ans8ers 8ere correct1 alt+o)&+ I don5t recollect all t+e
8ords )sed1 $er+a$s. I a' 2er" certan t+at /r. 6. dd not 3no8 an"t+n&
abo)t '" 8fe. I +ad not l2ed 8t+n t8ent" 'les of +'1 net+er +ad I
3no8n +' )ntl se2eral "ears after t+e deat+ of '" 8fe. It $)NNled 'e +o8
+e 8as able to ans8er as +e dd1 as I +a2e no reason to t+n3 +e +ad an"
3no8led&e on t+e s)bDect. I 8ll add t+at t+e +e&+t1 colo)r of e"es and +ar1
and t+e entre $ersonal descr$ton &2en 8ere e#ceedn&l" e#act and
correct.
/r. 6. also 8rote on t+at occason 8+at $)r$orted to co'e fro' an old
frend of 'net+at +e 8ent fs+n& 8t+ 'e to La3e Ontaro1 t+at I t$$ed
t+e boat o2er near s+ore and &ot +' 8et. T+s 8as tr)e1 b)t I +adn5t t+o)&+t
of t n a lon& t'e. /r. 6. ne2er +eard of t1 I a' confdent1 )ntl +e 8rote
t o)t.
(. -. BRITTO!.
%s soon as /r. Brtton called '" attenton to t+e t$$n& o2er of t+e
boat I recalled t+at I 8rote abo)t t at t+e t'e.
6.
/r. 6. adds laterJ
!E6 YORR1 9ebruary Jth, *A@..
I be&an '" a)to'atc 8rtn& 8t+ '" left +and1 and +a2e e2er snce
been able to 8rte n t+at 'anner 8t+ '" left +and1 b)t I a' nat)rall" r&+tC
+anded1 and I can 8rte 'ore ra$dl" and readl" 8t+ '" r&+t +and1
alt+o)&+ t+e deas e#$ressed1 &c.1 are of as +&+ an order1 as far as I +a2e
obser2ed1 8+en 8rtten 8t+ one +and as 8+en 8rtten 8t+ t+e ot+er.
In a)to'atc 8or31 8+en t+e 'ec+ancal ablt" to for' letters s not
reE)red1 as1 for nstance1 n r)nnn& t+e +and do8n an nde#1 I fnd '" left
+and s f)ll" t+e eE)al of '" r&+t. Per+a$s I s+o)ld state t+at I 'et 8t+ a
sero)s nD)r" to '" r&+t +and 'an" "ears a&o1 b" 8+c+ I lost t+e t8o frst
fn&ers and &reatl" cr$$led '" +and ot+er8se.
T+e reason t+at I dd '" frst a)to'atc 8rtn& 8t+ '" left +and 8as
t+at t+e $lanc+ette drected 'e to do so. I 8rote a da" or t8o 8t+ '" left
+and1 and t+en I tred '" r&+t1 and snce t+at I +a2e &enerall" 8rtten 8t+
'" r&+t I can 8rte so'e slo8l" n t+e nat)ral 'anner 8t+ '" left +and1
b)t +a2e ne2er done so b)t 2er" lttle. T+e s$ecal $ont I 8s+ to call
attenton to +ii,GMN- s1 t+at t+e ideas a)to'atcall" 8rtten are of as +&+ an
order1 8rtten 8t+ one +and1 as 8t+ t+e ot+er.Y
%not+er e#$erence of /r. 6.5s s &2en n )*3 A.
It s $lan t+at f 8e ad't t+at de$arted s$rts can stll see and D)d&e of
eart+l" 'atters1 and can '$ress t+er 3no8led&e on ncarnate 'nds1 8e
s+o)ld +a2e a sn&le e#$lanaton 8+c+ 8o)ld co2er all /r. 6.5s
e#$erences as +ere recorded. It s to be noted1 'oreo2er1 t+at t+e
$re'ontons1 of 8+c+ +e &2es se2eral nstances1 are s)c+ as '&+t fall
8t+n t+e sco$e of a dscarnate s$rt1 8t+ ntell&ence co'$arable 8t+ o)r
o8n1 b)t able to e#a'ne certan dseased or&ans's 'ore t+oro)&+l" t+an
an" eart+l" $+"scan co)ld do. T+s1 t 'a" be obser2ed1 8as not t+e case
8t+ t+e $re'ontons &2en to Lad" /abel -o8ard . ),1 A /1 8+c+
n2ol2ed a co'$le#t" of ncdent 8+c+ loo3s as t+o)&+ t ')st le be"ond
t+e calc)laton of an ntell&ence l3e o)r o8n1 +o8e2er f)ll" nfor'ed of
e#stn& crc)'stances.
)*+ . ,eferrn& tll t+e ne#t c+a$ter an" f)rt+er dsc)sson of t+s
$roble'1 I &2e +ere n )*+ A a 8ellCe2denced case of a $redcton b"
tableCtltn& of a $recse date of deat+1 at a dstance of fort" da"s.
)*, . I ne#t E)ote a case 8+c+ ll)strates t+e contn)ed terrene
3no8led&e on t+e $art of t+e dead of 8+c+ ot+er nstances 8ere &2en n
t+e last c+a$ter.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;<@K?;. T+e narrat2e s a
translaton fro' an artcle n &sychische Studien, ,ece'ber *AA@1 $$. KMH`
MM, b" t+e Edtor1 t+e -on. %le#ander %3sa3off.)
T+e case belon&s not to t+e cate&or" of $acts #hich are Bno#n ony to
the deceased, b)t to t+e cate&or" of t+ose 8+c+ coud ony be imparted by
the deceased, for t relates to a $oltcal secret concernn& a l2n& $erson1
8+c+ 8as re2ealed b" an nt'ate frend of t+at l2n& $erson for t+e
$)r$ose of sa2n& +'. I s+all set fort+ t+s case n all $ossble detal1
beca)se I consder t a 'ost con2ncn& one n s)$$ort of t+e ($rt)alstc
+"$ot+ess. I 8ll e2en e#$ress '"self stll 'ore stron&l". I consder t+at t
affords as absol)te a $roof of dentt" as t s $ossble for e2dence of t+s
3nd to $resent.
/" readers are alread" acE)anted 8t+ '" ssterCnCla81 /rs. %. 2on
6esler1 fro' t+e $art s+e too3 n t+e fa'l" sUances +eld 8t+ 'e n t+e
"ears *AA>K*AA;1 after t+e decease of '" 8fe. (+e +as an onl" da)&+ter1
(o$+e1 8+o at t+e t'e of t+ose sUances 8as co'$letn& +er st)des. (+e
+ad ta3en no $art1 et+er at o)r sUances or at an" ot+ers1 and s+e +ad not
read an"t+n& abo)t ($rt)als'. -er 'ot+er also +ad not Doned n an"
sUances e#ce$t o)r o8n. One e2enn& n October *AA<1 d)rn& t+e 2st of a
dstant relat2e1 t+e con2ersaton t)rned )$on ($rt)als'1 and n order to
$lease +' a tral 8t+ t+e table 8as arran&ed. T+s sUance1 +o8e2er1 &a2e
no satsfactor" res)lt. It onl" s+o8ed t+at t+e t8o lades 8ere able to &et
so'et+n&. On T)esda" e2enn&1 7an)ar" *st1 *AA?1 /rs. 2on 6esler ben&
alone 8t+ +er da)&+ter1 n order to d2ert +er 'nd fro' so'e 'atters
8+c+ 'ade +er an#o)s1 $ro$osed to +old a lttle sUance. %n al$+abet 8as
8rtten o)t on a s+eet of $a$er1 a sa)cer 8t+ a blac3 lne as $onter ser2ed
as a $lanc+ette1 and1 be+old1 t+e na'e %ndreas 8as ndcated. T+s 8as +ii,
GMO- E)te nat)ral1 for %ndreas 8as t+e na'e of (o$+e5s fat+er1 t+e
deceased +)sband of /rs. 2on 6esler. T+e co'')ncaton $resented
not+n& re'ar3able1 b)t t 8as ne2ert+eless resol2ed to contn)e t+e sUances
once a 8ee31 on e2er" T)esda". 4or t+ree 8ee3s t+e c+aracter of t+e
co'')ncatons re'aned )nc+an&ed. T+e na'e %ndreas 8as contn)all"
re$eated.
B)t on t+e fo)rt+ T)esda"7an)ar" ..ndn $lace of t+e c)sto'ar"
na'e1 %ndreas1 t+e na'e (c+)ra9 8as s$elt o)t1 to t+e &reat astons+'ent
of bot+ stters. T+en1 b" E)c3 and $recse 'o2e'ents of t+e $onter1 t+ese
8ords 8ere addedJ
It s &2en to t+ee to sa2e !3ola)s.9
6+at does t+s 'eanW9 as3ed t+e astons+ed lades.
-e s co'$ro'sed as /c+ael 8as1 and 8ll l3e +' &o to r)n. %
band of &oodCforCnot+n& fello8s are leadn& +' astra".9
6+at can be done to co)nteract tW9
T+o) ')st &o to t+e Tec+nolo&cal Instt)te before t+ree o5cloc31 let
!3ola)s be called o)t1 and 'a3e an a$$ont'ent 8t+ +' at +s +o)se.9
T+s ben& all addressed to t+e "o)n& lad"1 (o$+e1 s+e re$led t+at t
8o)ld be dffc)lt for +er to carr" o)t t+ese drectons on acco)nt of t+e
sl&+t acE)antances+$ 8+c+ e#sted bet8een +er and !3ola)s5s fa'l".
%bs)rd deas of $ro$ret"Z9 8as (c+)ra5s9 nd&nant re$l".
B)t n 8+at 8a" s+all I be able to nfl)ence +'W9 as3ed (o$+e.
T+o) 8lt s$ea3 to +' n '" na'e.9
T+en "o)r con2ctons no lon&er re'an t+e sa'eW9
Re2oltn& errorZ9 8as t+e re$l".
I ')st no8 e#$lan t+e 'eann& of t+s '"stero)s co'')ncaton.
(c+)ra9 s t+e R)ssan $et na'e for %le#andrne. !3ola)s and /c+ael
8ere +er co)sns. /c+ael1 E)te a "o)n& 'an1 +ad )nfort)natel" allo8ed
+'self to beco'e entan&led b" t+e re2ol)tonar" deas of o)r %narc+sts or
(ocalsts. -e 8as arrested1 tred1 and conde'ned to '$rson'ent at a
dstance fro' (t. Petersb)r&1 8+ere +e lost +s lfe n an atte'$t to esca$e.
(c+)ra9 lo2ed +' dearl"1 and f)ll" s"'$at+sed 8t+ +s $oltcal
con2ctons1 'a3n& no secret of t. %fter +s deat+1 8+c+ occ)rred n
(e$te'ber *AA<1 s+e 8as dsco)ra&ed n +er re2ol)tonar" as$ratons1 and
ended +er lfe b" $oson1 at t+e a&e of se2enteen1 on t+e *?t+ of 7an)ar"
*AA?1 D)st one 8ee3 before t+e sUance abo2e descrbed. !3ola)s1 /c+ael5s
brot+er1 8as t+en a st)dent at t+e Tec+nolo&cal Instt)te.
/rs. 2on 6esler and +er da)&+ter 8ere a8are of t+ese crc)'stances1
for t+e" +ad lon& been acE)anted 8t+ (c+)ra5s9 $arents1 and 8t+ t+ose of
+er co)sns1 8+o belon& to t+e best socet" of (t. Petersb)r&. It 8ll be
ob2o)s t+at I cannot $)bls+ t+e na'es of t+ese fa'les. I +a2e also
c+an&ed t+ose of t+e "o)n& $eo$le. T+e acE)antances+$ 8as1 +o8e2er1 far
fro' ben& nt'ate. T+e" sa8 eac+ ot+er occasonall"1 b)t not+n& 'ore.
Later I 8ll &2e f)rt+er detals. 6e 8ll no8 contn)e o)r narrat2e.
!at)rall"1 net+er /rs. 2on 6esler nor +er da)&+ter 3ne8 an"t+n& as
to t+e 2e8s or secret cond)ct of !3ola)s. T+e co'')ncaton 8as D)st as
)ne#$ected as t 8as '$ortant. It n2ol2ed a &reat res$onsblt". (o$+e5s
$oston 8as a 2er" dffc)lt one. T+e lteral carr"n& o)t of (c+)ra5s9
de'ands 8as1 for a "o)n& lad"1 s'$l" '$ossble1 'erel" fro'
consderatons of socal $ro$ret". 6+at r&+t co)ld s+e +a2e1 on t+e &ro)nd
of s'$le acE)antances+$1 to nterfere n fa'l" affars of so delcate a
c+aracterW +ii,GNP- Besdes1 t '&+t not be tr)eG or1 E)te s'$l" and 'ost
$robabl"1 !3ola)s '&+t den" t. 6+at $oston 8o)ld s+e t+en fnd +erself
nW /rs. 2on 6esler 3ne8 onl" too 8ell1 fro' t+e sUances s+e +ad ta3en
$art n 8t+ 'e1 +o8 lttle de$endence can be $laced on ($rt)alstc
co'')ncatons. (+e co)nselled +er da)&+ter1 n t+e frst $lace1 to con2nce
+erself of (c+)ra5s9 dentt". T+s ad2ce 8as follo8ed 8t+o)t an"
+estaton as one 8a" o)t of t+e dffc)lt".
On t+e follo8n& T)esda" (c+)ra9 'anfested at once1 and (o$+e
as3ed for a $roof of +er dentt"1 to 8+c+ (c+)ra9 fort+8t+ re$ledJ
In2te !3ola)s1 arran&e a sUance1 and I 8ll co'e.9
It 8ll be seen fro' t+s re$l" t+at (c+)ra19 8+o d)rn& +er lfe +ad
learnt to des$se t+e con2entonaltes of socet"1 as s t+e c)sto' a'on& t+e
(ocalsts1 re'aned tr)e to +er c+aracter1 and a&an de'anded 8+at 8as an
'$ossblt". !3ola)s +ad ne2er been n /rs. 2on 6esler5s +o)se. (o$+e
t+en as3ed for anot+er $roof of +er dentt"1 8t+o)t !3ola)s ben& bro)&+t
n at all1 and reE)ested t+at t '&+t be a con2ncn& one.
I 8ll a$$ear to t+ee19 8as t+e re$l".
-o8W9
T+o) 8lt see.9
% fe8 da"s later (o$+e 8as ret)rnn& +o'e fro' a sorUeG t 8as nearl"
< %./. (+e 8as D)st retrn&1 and 8as at t+e door bet8een +er bedroo' and
t+e dnn&Croo'1 t+ere ben& no l&+ts n t+e latter1 8+en s+e sa8 on t+e
8all of t+e dnn&Croo'1 n s&+t of t+e door at 8+c+ s+e stood1 a l)'no)s
ro)nd s$ot1 8t+1 as t 8ere1 s+o)lders. T+s lasted for t8o or t+ree seconds1
and dsa$$eared1 ascendn& to8ards t+e celn&. (o$+e ''edatel" ass)red
+erself t+at t 8as not t+e reflecton of an" l&+t co'n& fro' t+e street.
%t t+e sUance on t+e follo8n& T)esda"1 an e#$lanaton of t+s
a$$earance ben& as3ed for1 (c+)ra9 re$ledJ
It 8as t+e o)tlne of a +ead 8t+ s+o)lders. I cannot a$$ear 'ore
dstnctl". I a' stll 8ea3.9
/an" ot+er detals1 8+c+ I +a2e $assed o2er1 tended to con2nce
(o$+e of t+e realt" of (c+)ra5s9 dentt"1 "et s+e co)ld not brn& +erself
to carr" o)t t+at 8+c+ (c+)ra9 desred +er to do. (+e t+erefore $ro$osed
as a s)table co'$ro'se t+at s+e s+o)ld acE)ant !3ola)s5s $arents 8t+
8+at +ad occ)rred.
T+s $ro$osal aro)sed (c+)ra5s9 stron&est ds$leas)re1 e#$ressed b"
2olent 'o2e'ents of t+e sa)cer1 and b" t+e sentenceJ
T+at 8ll lead to not+n&G9after 8+c+ ds$ara&n& e$t+ets follo8ed1
'$ossble to re$eat +ere1 es$ecall" a$$lcable to $ersons of 8ea3 and
rresol)te c+aracter1 8t+ 8+o' t+e ener&etc and decs2e (c+)ra9 +ad no
$atencee$t+ets 8+c+ are not fo)nd n dctonares1 b)t 8+c+ 8ere
e#$ressons )sed b" (c+)ra9 n +er lfet'e1 and c+aracterstc of +er. T+s
8as confr'ed n t+e seE)el.
!e2ert+eless (o$+e contn)ed to +estate1 and at eac+ s)ccess2e sUance
(c+)ra9 nssted 'ore and 'ore '$erat2el" t+at (o$+e ')st act at once.
T+s s 2er" '$ortant to notce1 as 8e s+all see later. T+s 8ant of
resol)ton on t+e $art of (o$+e 8as ascrbed b" (c+)ra9 to t+e nfl)ence
of /rs. 2on 6esler. 4ro' t+e be&nnn& (c+)ra9 +ad see'ed to bear a
&r)d&e a&anst /rs. 2on 6esler. 4ro' t+e frst sUance s+e addressed
(o$+e onl". (+e ne2er $er'tted /rs. 2on 6esler to as3 a E)eston.
6+ene2er s+e atte'$ted +ii,GNG- to do so1 s+e 'et +er 8t+ aBe slent
be slentZ9 6+ereas n addressn& (o$+e s+e o2er8+el'ed +er 8t+ t+e
tenderest e#$ressons.
-o8 &reat 8as t+e astons+'ent and consternaton of t+e lades1 8+en at
t+e sUance on t+e .Bt+ of 4ebr)ar" t+e frst 8ords 8ereJ
It s too late. T+o) 8lt re$ent t btterl". T+e $an&s of re'orse 8ll
follo8 t+ee. E#$ect +s arrestZ9
T+ese 8ere (c+)ra5s9 last 8ords. 4ro' t+s t'e s+e 8as slent. %
sUance 8as atte'$ted on t+e follo8n& T)esda"1 b)t t+ere 8as no res)lt.
T+e sUances of /rs. 2on 6esler and +er da)&+ter 8ere fro' t+at t'e
entrel" &2en )$.
6+le t+ese sUances 8ere ben& +eld1 /rs. 2on 6esler nat)rall" 3e$t
'e nfor'ed of 8+at trans$red1 and cons)lted 8t+ 'e as to 8+at 8as to be
done n 2e8 of t+e e#traordnar" c+aracter of (c+)ra5s9 reE)ests. (o'e
t'e after t+e" +ad ceased /rs. 2on 6esler1 to satsf" +er o8n conscence
and to co'fort +er da)&+ter1 resol2ed to co'')ncate t+e 8+ole e$sode to
t+e $arents of !3ola)s. T+e" $ad no attenton to t. !ot+n& 8as elcted
t+at an" fa)lt co)ld be fo)nd 8t+. T+e fa'l" 8ere E)te satsfed n re&ard
to !3ola)s5s cond)ct. B)t t s '$ortant to bear n 'nd t+e fact t+at t+ese
($rt)alstc co'')ncatons 8ere 'ade 3no8n to t+e $arents before t+e
fnal ss)e. 6+en d)rn& t+e re'ander of t+e "ear e2er"t+n& 8ent on
+a$$l"1 (o$+e beca'e f)ll" con2nced t+at all t+e co'')ncatons 8ere
onl" les1 and for'ed a resol)ton t+at s+e 8o)ld ne2er a&an occ)$" +erself
8t+ ($rt)alstc sUances.
%not+er "ear $assed 8t+o)t an" s$ecal e2ent. B)t on t+e @t+ of /arc+1
*AA=1 t+e secret $olce s)ddenl" searc+ed !3ola)s5s roo's. -e 8as
arrested n +s o8n +o)se1 and 8t+n t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs 8as e#led fro' (t.
Petersb)r&. It ca'e o)t later t+at +s cr'e 8as ta3n& $art n anarc+cal
asse'blesasse'bles 8+c+ 8ere +eld n t+e 'ont+s of 7an)ar" and
4ebr)ar" *AA?1 e#actl" corres$ondn& 8t+ t+e t'e 8+en (c+)ra9 8as
nsstn& t+at ste$s s+o)ld then be ta3en to dss)ade !3ola)s fro' ta3n&
$art n s)c+ 'eetn&s. Onl" no8 8ere t+e co'')ncatons of (c+)ra9
est'ated at t+er tr)e 2al)e. T+e notes 8+c+ /rs. 2on 6esler +ad 'ade
8ere read a&an and a&an b" t+e fa'les bot+ of (c+)ra9 and of !3ola)s.
(c+)ra5s9 dentt" n all t+ose 'anfestatons 8as reco&nsed as
ncontestabl" de'onstrated1 n t+e frst $lace1 b" t+e 'an fact n relaton to
!3ola)s1 b" ot+er nt'ate $artc)lars1 and also b" t+e totalt" of t+e
feat)res 8+c+ c+aractersed +er $ersonalt". T+s 'o)rnf)l occ)rrence fell
l3e a fres+ t+)ndercla$ on !3ola)s5s fa'l"1 and t+e" +ad onl" to t+an3
God t+at t+e errors of t+e "o)n& 'an 8ere not follo8ed b" 'ore fatal
res)lts.
In order to est'ate t+s ncdent ar&+t1 t s of &reat '$ortance to
establs+ t+e relatons 8+c+ e#sted bet8een t+e t8o "o)n& lades. I +a2e
reE)ested /ada'e and /dlle. 2on 6esler to &2e 'e on t+s1 as on t+e
$re2o)s $onts1 a 8rtten 'e'orand)' n f)ll detalG and fro' t+at
'e'orand)' I e#tract 8+at follo8s Lso'e8+at abrd&ed +ereMJ
In ,ece'ber *AA> /ada'e 2on 6esler and +er da)&+ter $ad a
C+rst'as 2st to (c+)ra5s9 &randfat+er1 (enator !.1 8+ere (o$+e sa8
(c+)ra9 for t+e frst t'e. (o$+e 8as t+en abo)t t+rteen "ears old1 and
(c+)ra9 e2en "o)n&er. (o$+e 8as astons+ed to see (c+)ra5s9 8rtn&C
table co2ered 8t+ boo3s Land +ad a tal3 8t+ +er abo)t fa2o)rte a)t+orsM.
T+e t8o &rls often sa8 eac+ ot+er at a dstance n t+e recreatonCroo' of
t+er sc+ool d)rn& t+e 8nter1 b)t (c+)ra9 8as soon transferred to anot+er
sc+ool. LT+e" 'et once +ii,GNH- at a co)ntr"C+o)se 8t+o)t e#c+an&n& a
8ord1 and sa8 eac+ ot+er once across a t+eatre. (o$+e1 n fact1 +ad +ad one
c+lds+ tal3 8t+ (c+)ra9 /ada'e 2on 6esler +ad ne2er +ad an" real
tal3 8t+ +er.M -ence t s clear t+at t+e relatons of t+ese lades 8t+
(c+)ra9 8ere of t+e 'ost dstant 3nd1 and t+at t+e" co)ld not 3no8
an"t+n& of +er $oltcal secrets.
)*' . I no8 &2e a case 8+c+ n one res$ect stands alone. It narrates t+e
s)ccess of a drect e#$er'ent1a testC'essa&e $lanned before deat+1 and
co'')ncated after deat+1 b" a 'an 8+o +eld t+at t+e +o$e of an ass)rance
of contn)ed $resence 8as 8ort+ at least a resol)te effort1 8+ate2er ts res)lt
'&+t be. -s tests1 ndeed1 8ere t8o1 and bot+ 8ere s)ccessf)l. One 8as
t+e re2ealn& of t+e $lace 8+ere1 before deat+1 +e +d a $ece of brc3
'ar3ed and bro3en for s$ecal reco&nton1 and t+e ot+er 8as t+e
co'')ncaton of t+e contents of a s+ort letter 8+c+ +e 8rote and sealed
before deat+. 6e 'a" sa" t+at t+e nfor'aton 8as certanl" not $ossessed
s)$ral'nall" b" an" l2n& $erson. I &2e t8o ot+er cases n )*' A and B
8+ere nfor'aton &2en t+ro)&+ a)to'atsts 'a" +"$ot+etcall" be
e#$lcable b" tele$at+" fro' t+e l2n&1 alt+o)&+1 ndeed1 n '" o8n 2e8 t
$robabl" e'anated fro' t+e deceased as alle&ed. In one of t+ese cases t+e
$lace 8+ere a 'ssn& 8ll +ad been +dden 8as re2ealed to t+e a)to'atst1
b)t t s not clear 8+et+er t+e 8ll 8as act)all" dsco2ered or not before t+e
a)to'atc 8rtn& 8as obtaned (alt+o)&+ t+e a)to'atst 8as )na8are of ts
dsco2er")1 and n an" case1 a$$arentl"1 ts 8+ereabo)ts 8as 3no8n to so'e
l2n& $erson 8+o +ad +dden t1 and 'a" not +a2e been 3no8n to t+e
deceased before deat+.
In t+e ot+er case t+e 8+ereabo)ts of a 'ssn& note of +and 8as
re2ealed to t+e a)to'atsts1 and e2en f t+s co)ld be re&arded as absol)tel"
)n3no8n s)$ral'nall" to an" l2n& $erson1 t s not b" an" 'eans certan
t+at t+e fact 8as 3no8n before deat+ to t+e deceased $erson fro' 8+o' t+e
'essa&e $)r$orted to co'e.
T+ese cases1 t+erefore1 are not s)c+ stron& e2dence for $ersonal dentt"
as t+e one to 8+c+ I +a2e referred abo2e1 and 8+c+ I no8 &2e1 as
recordn& 8+at $)r$orts to be t+e s)ccessf)l acco'$ls+'ent of an
e#$er'ent 8+c+ e2er" one 'a" 'a3eG8+c+ e2er" one ought to 'a3eG
for1 s'all as 'a" be t+e c+ances of s)ccess1 a fe8 score of dstnct
s)ccesses 8o)ld establs+ a $res)'$ton of 'an5s s)r22al 8+c+ t+e
co''on sense of 'an3nd 8o)ld ref)se to e#$lan a8a". If acce$ted1 t+e
ncdent s+o8s a contn)ed $erce$ton on t+e $art of t+e deceased of t+e
efforts 'ade b" frends to co'')ncate 8t+ +'.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .<AK?*.)
*
+ii,GNI-
T+e follo8n& letters 8ere rece2ed fro' t+e $rnc$al 8tness1 /rs.
4nne"J
ROCRL%!,1 /%((.1 Apri *@th, *A@*.
/R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1(o'e 8ee3s a&o I rece2ed fro' "o) a
fe8 lnes as3n& 'e to &2e "o) an acco)nt of t+e co'')ncaton rece2ed
fro' Co)sn BenDa n s$rtClfe1 so'e t8ent"Cf2e "ears a&o.
4or 8ee3s and 'ont+s before '" brot+er left t+e for' 8e con2ersed
freel" on t+e s)bDect of s$rt co'')non and s)c+ 'atters1 and one
'ornn& +e reE)ested 'e to brn& +' a s'all $ece of brc31 also $en and
n3G +e t+en 'ade t8o 'ar3s on one sde1 and one on t+e ot+er 8t+ t+e n31
t+en brea3n& t+e brc3 n t8o1 &a2e 'e one $ece1 telln& 'e at t+e t'e to
ta3e care of t1 and so'e da" +e 8o)ld +de t+e ot+er $ece a8a" 8+ere no
one b)t +'self 8o)ld 3no81 and after lea2n& t+e for'1 f $ossble1 8o)ld
ret)rn n so'e 8a" and tell 'e 8+ere t 8as. I co)ld t+en co'$are t+e'
to&et+er1 and t 8o)ld be a test t+at +e co)ld ret)rn and co'')ncate1 and
my mind co)ld not +a2e an" nfl)ence o2er t1 as I dd not 3no8 8+ere +e
$)t t.
%fter +e left t+e for' o)r an#et" 8as very great to +ear and learn all 8e
co)ld of co'')ncatn& 8t+ s$rts1 and for 'ont+s 8e &ot not+n&
satsfactor".
6e t+en co''enced sttn& at t+e table at +o'e ('ot+er and '"self)1
8+c+ 8e dd for so'e lttle t'eG at last t co''enced t$$n&1 and b"
calln& t+e al$+abet s$elled o)t 8+ere 8e co)ld fnd t+e $ece of brc3 t+at
+e $)t a8a"1t+at 8as t+e 8a" 8e &ot t+e test. To )s t+at 8as tr)t+ t+at
s$rts can and do co'')ncate 8t+ )s1 and not+n& b)t t+e nfl)ence and
$o8er of BenDa co)ld tell )s t+at test.Tr)l" "o)rs1
/R(. 6/. %. 4I!!EY.
ROCRL%!,1 2ay ;rd, *A@*.
/R. R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1Yo)rs of %$rl .*st rece2ed1 and I
8ll add a fe8 'ore lnes as to state'ent of brot+er BenDa5s co'')ncaton.
B" calln& t+e al$+abet 8e s$elled o)tJ
Yo) 8ll fnd t+at $ece of brc3 n t+e cabnet )nder t+e to'a+a83.
BE!7%.9
I 8ent to t+at roo' and too3 t+e 3e"1 )nloc3ed t+e cabnet1 8+c+ +ad
not been to)c+ed b" an" one after +e loc3ed t and $)t a8a" t+e 3e". T+ere I
fo)nd t+at $ece of brc3 D)st as t +ad s$elled o)t1 and t corres$onded 8t+
t+e $ece I +ad retaned1 fttn& on e#actl" 8+ere +e bro3e t off t+e $ece I
+ad. It 8as 8ra$$ed n a bt of $a$er and t)c3ed nto a s+ell1 and $laced n
t+e botto' of t+e cabnet e0acty under t+e to'a+a831 as 8as s$elled o)t b"
t+e al$+abet.
T+s s tr)t+1 and no $o8er b)t BenDa5s co)ld tell t+at.
/ot+er s not l2n&G I a' t+e onl" one of t+e fa'l" t+at s l2n&.
Yo)rs res$ectf)ll"1
/R(. 6/. %. 4I!!EY.
ROCRL%!,1 2ay **th, *A@*.
/R. R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1Yo)rs of Bt+ rece2ed. I 8ll contn)e
to sa"1 n ans8er to "o)r E)estons1 t+at t+e $ece of brc3 8as entrel"
concealed n t+e s+ell1 so t+at t co)ld not be seen fro' o)tsde of cabnet It
8as 8ra$$ed n a $ece of $a$er st)c3 to&et+er 8t+ ')cla&e and t)c3ed
nto t+e end of t+e s+ell1 t+en a $ece of $a$er &)''ed o2er t+at1 so t+at
not+n& 8as 2sble fro' t+e s+ell. T+e s+ell 8as on t+e lo8er s+elf of t+e
cabnet1 and onl" t+e to$ of t+e s+ell 8as 2sble o)tsde t+e cabnet.
+ii,GNJ-
One 'ore lttle ncdent I 8ll 'enton1 for to 'e t s as 2al)able as t+e
ot+er. -e 8rote 'e a letter (abo)t t+e t'e +e &a2e 'e t+e $ece of brc3)
and sealed t1 sa"n& at t+e t'e t 8as not to be ans8ered1 b)t t+e contents
of t+e letter to be told. I &ot t+at n t+e sa'e 8a" I dd t+e ot+er1 b" calln&
t+e al$+abet and t+e table t$$n&. It 8as t+ese 8ordsJ
7)laZ do r&+t and be +a$$".BE!7%.9
T+at 8as correct. 7)st t+e contents of '" letter. I +a2e no $artc)lar
obDecton as to &2n& '" na'e1 for I +a2e stated not+n& b)t t+e tr)t+.
%t '" +o'e n Rn&ston I +a2e t+at lttle s+ell 8t+ t+e $ece of brc31
and f "o) 8o)ld l3e t+e' I 8ll send t+e' to "o). 6ll $lace t+e brc3 nto
t+e s+ell as t 8as 8+en I fo)nd t. Of co)rse1 t+e $a$er t+at 8as aro)nd t
t+en s 8orn o)t "ears a&o. T+e cabnet s ds$osed of.
7:LI% %. 4I!!EY.
/rs. 4nne" f)rt+er 8rtesJ
ROCRL%!,1 1une .Bth, *A@*.
I send "o) b" e#$ress a bo# contann& t+e letter and s+ell 8t+ t+e $ece
of brc3. I +a2e $laced one $ece n t+e s+ell D)st as t 8as 8+en I fo)nd t1
so "o) can see +o8 ncel" t 8as concealed n t+e s+ell. T+e $a$ers t+at
8ere aro)nd t t+en are 8orn o)t. Yo) can retan t+e' f "o) l3e1 as I do
not care for t+e' no8.
To 'e t s a $ost2e tr)t+ t+at +e dd co'')ncate to )s1 and o)r 'nds
co)ld +a2e not+n& to do 8t+ t.
7. %. 4I!!EY.
ROCRL%!,1 1uy *@th, *A@*.
YT+e s+ell 8as $laced on t+e sa'e s+elf 8t+ t+e to'a+a831 and no
ot+er s+ells on t+at s+elf. It 8as $laced 8t+ t+e o$en sde do8n1 and t+e
to'a+a83 stood drectl" o2er t. I cannot sa" 8+" +e dd not tell )s to loo3
nsde of t+e s+ell. 6e started to loo3 as soon as +e told )s. It 8as n t+e
cabnet )nder t+e to'a+a83. 6e dd not 8at for an" 'ore to be sad.
I a' not nt'atel" acE)anted 8t+ 'an" $)blc $eo$le. %s to '"
nte&rt"1 8ll refer "o) to Re2. C. Y. de !or'ande1 of Rn&ston.
7. %. 4I!!EY.
,r. -od&son 8rtesJ
T+e s+ell s a lar&e Trton1 abo)t ten nc+es lon&. T+e $ece of brc3 8as
8ra$$ed n folds of soft $a$er and t)c3ed dee$l" nto t+e recess. %not+er
$ece of $a$er 8as t+en &)''ed aro)nd t+e sdes of t+e s+ell n t+e nteror1
so as absol)tel" to $re2ent t+e $ece of brc3 fro' falln& o)t. 6+en I
rece2ed t+e s+ell fro' /rs. 4nne" and loo3ed nto t+e nteror and s+oo3
t+e s+ell 2olentl"1 t+ere 8as not+n& to ndcate t+at t+e s+ell contaned
an"t+n& b)t t+e $ece of &)''ed $a$er.
T+e $ece of brc3 n t+e s+ell 8e&+s one and a +alf o)nces1 and t+e
$ece of brc3 retaned b" /rs. 4nne" 8e&+s abo)t t8o and a E)arter
o)nces. T+e s+ell 8t+ t+e $ece of brc3 and $a$er 8ra$$n& 8e&+s abo)t
ele2en and a +alf o)nces.
/rs. 4nne" also for8arded 'e t+e letter 8rtten b" +er brot+er. T+e
s+ell and t+e $eces of brc3 and t+e letter are no8 all n '" $ossesson.
R. -O,G(O!.
6e +a2e a letter (n or&nal) fro' t+e Re2. C. Y. de !or'ande1 of
Rn&ston1 Canada1 to /rs. 4nne". I e#$ressed t+en19 +e sa"s1 s$ea3n& of
a for'er note to ,r. -od&son1 8+c+ accdentall" 8ent astra"1 t+at to t+e
best +ii,GNK- 3no8led&e I +ad of "o) and to '" fr' belef "o)r 8ord co)ld
be '$lctl" reled on. I felt confdent t+at "o) 8o)ld state a 'atter as "o)
)nderstood t1 as "o) re&arded t1 8t+o)t reference to t+e conseE)encesG and
t+at "o) 8o)ld not be an" 'ore l3el" to be 'sled and dece2ed abo)t a
'atter of t+at 3nd t+an ot+ers s'larl" st)ated.9
)** . T+e e#$er'ent 8+c+ 8as n t+s case s)ccessf)l s one (I re$eat)
8+c+ '&+t be tred b" e2er"bod" (see )** A ). %nd I 'a" add t+e re'ar3
t+at t s to e#$er'ent 8t+ a)to'atc 8rtn&1 cr"stalC2son1 &c.1 rat+er
t+an to s$ontaneo)s a$$artons1 t+at 8e ')st loo3 for an" real nfor'aton
as to t+e de&ree n 8+c+ de$arted s$rts retan t+er 3no8led&e of t+e
t+n&s of eart+.
Once 'ore I ')st e#$ress '" astons+'ent and re&ret t+at a'on&st
so'e tens$er+a$s +)ndredsof t+o)sands of $ersons1 scattered o2er
'an" co)ntres1 8+o alread" bele2e t+at t+e road of co'')ncaton
bet8een t+e t8o 8orlds s o$en1 t+ere s+o)ld be so 2er" fe8 8+o can or 8ll
'a3e an" sero)s effort to obtan fres+ e2dence of so '$ortant a fact. B)t1
E)te a$art fro' t+e ($rtst ca'$1 t+ere are no8 'an" nE)rers 8+o 3no8
t+at a)to'atc 8rtn& s a real fact n nat)re1 and 8+o are 8lln& to dsc)ss
8t+ an o$en 'nd t+e or&n of an" 'essa&e 8+c+ 'a" t+)s be &2en. Let
t+ese set t+e'sel2es to t+e tas31 and t+e res)lt of or&ansed and ntell&ent
effort 8ll soon1 as I bele2e1 be 'ade $lan.
4or a)&+t t+at 8e can tell1 t+ere 'a" beI bele2e t+at t+ere are
collaborators else8+ere 8+o onl" a8at o)r a$$eal. 6+" s+o)ld not e2er"
deat+Cbed be 'ade t+e startn&C$ont of a lon& e#$er'entW %nd 8+" s+o)ld
not e2er" frend 8+o sals fort+ m HA nto t+e
)n3no8n seaendea2o)r to send )s ne8s fro' t+at bo)rne fro' 8+c+ fe8
tra2ellers1 $er+a$s1 +a2e as "et 'ade an" adeE)ate or s"ste'atc $re$araton
to ret)rnW
)*) . -ere1 t+en1 let )s $a)se and consder to 8+at $ont t+e e2dence
contaned n t+s c+a$ter +as &rad)all" led )s. 6e s+all $erce2e t+at t+e
'otor $+eno'ena +a2e confr'ed1 and +a2e also &reatl" e#tended1 t+e
res)lts to 8+c+ t+e co&nate sensor" $+eno'ena +ad alread" $onted. 6e
+a2e alread" noted1 n eac+ of t+e t8o states of slee$ and of 8a3n&1 t+e
2aro)sl" e#$andn& ca$actes of t+e s)bl'nal self. 6e +a2e 8atc+ed a
+"$erFst+etc ntensfcaton of ordnar" fac)lt"1leadn& )$ to telFst+esa1
and to tele$at+" fro' t+e l2n& and fro' t+e de$arted. %lon& 8t+ t+ese
$o8ers1 8+c+1 on t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e so)l5s nde$endent e#stence1 are at
least 8t+n o)r ran&e of analo&cal conce$ton1 8e +a2e noted also a
$reco&nt2e ca$act" of a t"$e 8+c+ no fact as "et 3no8n to scence 8ll
+el$ )s to e#$lan.
Proceedn& to t+e st)d" of 'otor a)to'ats's1 8e +a2e fo)nd a third
&ro)$ of cases 8+c+ nde$endentl" confr' n eac+ of t+ese lnes n t)rn
t+e res)lts of o)r anal"ss of sensor" a)to'ats's bot+ n slee$ and n
8a3n&. E2dence t+)s con2er&ent 8ll alread" need no ordnar" +ii,GNL-
boldness of ne&at2e ass)'$ton f t s to be set asde. B)t 'otor
a)to'ats's +a2e ta)&+t )s ')c+ 'ore t+an t+s. %t once 'ore ener&etc
and 'ore $ersstent t+an t+e sensor"1 t+e" obl&e )s to face certan $roble's
8+c+ t+e l&+tness and f)&t2eness of sensor" '$ressons allo8ed )s n
so'e 'eas)re to e2ade. T+)s 8+en 8e dsc)ssed t+e 'ec+ans' (so to call
t) of 2s)al and a)dtor" $+antas's1 t8o co'$etn& conce$tons $resented
t+e'sel2es for o)r c+oce1t+e conce$ton of teepathic impact, and t+e
conce$ton of psychica invasion. Et+er (8e sad) t+ere 8as an nfl)ence
e#erted b" t+e a&ent on t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd1 8+c+ so st')lated t+e
sensor" tracts of +s bran t+at +e e#ternalsed t+at '$resson as a E)asC
$erce$t1 or else t+e a&ent n so'e 8a" 'odfed an act)al $orton of s$ace
8+ere (sa") an a$$arton 8as dscerned1 $er+a$s b" se2eral $erc$ents at
once.
P+rased n t+s 'anner1 t+e tele$at+c '$act see'ed t+e less startln&1
t+e less e#tre'e +"$ot+ess of t+e t8o1'anl"1 $er+a$s1 beca)se t+e
$ct)re 8+c+ t called )$ 8as left so 2a&)e and obsc)re. B)t no8 nstead of
a fleetn& +all)cnaton 8e +a2e to deal 8t+ a stron& and lastn& '$)lse
s)c+1 for nstance1 as t+e &rl5s '$)lse to #rite, n ,r. LUbea)lt5s case
(ABB)Jan '$)lse 8+c+ see's to co'e fro' t+e de$t+s of t+e ben&1 and
8+c+ (l3e a $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston) 'a" o2erCrde e2en stron&
dsnclnaton1 and 3ee$ t+e a)to'atst )nco'fortable )ntl t +as 8or3ed
tself o)t. 6e 'a" stll call t+s a teepathic impact, f 8e 8ll1 b)t 8e s+all
fnd t +ard to dstn&)s+ t+at ter' fro' a psychica invasion. T+s stron&1
"et a$$arentl" alen1 'otor nner2aton corres$onds n fact as closel" as
$ossble to o)r dea of an invasionan n2ason no lon&er of t+e roo' onl"
n 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent s sttn&1 b)t of +s o8n bod" and +s o8n $o8ers.
It s an n2ason 8+c+1 f s)ffcentl" $rolon&ed1 8o)ld beco'e a
possession/ and t bot+ )ntes and ntensfes t+ose t8o earler conDect)resG
of tele$at+c '$act on t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd1 and of $+antas'o&enetc
$resence9 n t+e $erc$ent5s s)rro)ndn&s. 6+at see'ed at frst a 'ere
'$act s tendn& to beco'e a $ersstent controlG 8+at see'ed an nc)rson
'erel" nto t+e $erc$ent5s en2ron'ent +as beco'e an nc)rson nto +s
or&ans' tself.
)*9 . %s +as been )s)al n t+s nE)r"1 t+s sl&+t for8ard ste$ fro'
2a&)eness to co'$arat2e clearness of conce$ton ntrod)ces )s at once to a
8+ole seres of no2el $roble's. Yet1 as 8e +a2e also learnt to e#$ect1 so'e
of o)r earler $+eno'ena 'a" +a2e to be called n 8t+ ad2anta&e to
ll)strate $+eno'ena 'ore ad2anced.
In cases of s$lt $ersonalt"1 to be&n 8t+1 8e +a2e seen D)st t+e sa'e
$+eno'ena occ)rrn& 8+ere certanl" no $ersonalt" 8as concerned sa2e
t+e $erc$ent5s o8n. 6e +a2e seen a secton of t+e s)bl'nal self $artall"
or te'$orarl" do'natn& t+e or&ans'G $er+a$s (as n %nna 6nsor5s case1
(3* A) controlln& $er'anentl" one ar' aloneG or $er+a$s controlln&
nter'ttentl" t+e 8+ole ner2o)s s"ste'Gand all t+s 8t+ 2ar"n& de&rees
of ds$lace'ent of t+e $r'ar" $ersonalt".
+ii,GNM-
('larl" 8t+ $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston. 6e +a2e seen t+e s)bl'nal
self ordered to 8rte (sa") It +as left off rann&9and t+ere)$on 8rtn&
t+e 8ords 8t+o)t t+e consco)s 8ll of t+e a)to'atstand a&an 8t+
2ar"n& de&rees of ds$lace'ent of t+e 8a3n& self. T+e ste$ +ence to s)c+
a case as /rs. !e8n+a'5s ()+9 A) s t+)s not a 2er" lon& one. /rs.
!e8n+a'5s s)bl'nal self1 e#ercsn& s)$ernor'al fac)lt"1 and b" so'e
effort of ts o8n1 acE)res certan facts fro' /r. !e8n+a'5s 'nd1 and )ses
+er +and to 8rte t+e' do8n a)to'atcall". T+e &reat $roble' +ere
ntrod)ced s +o8 t+e s)bl'nal self acE)res t+e facts1 rat+er t+an +o8 t
s)cceeds n 8rtn& t+e' do8n 8+en t +as once acE)red t+e'.
B)t as 8e &o f)rt+er 8e can no lon&er l't t+e $roble' n t+s 8a"1to
t+e act2tes of t+e a)to'atst5s s)bl'nal self. 6e cannot al8a"s ass)'e
t+at so'e $orton of t+e a)to'atst5s $ersonalt" &ets at t+e s)$ernor'al
3no8led&e b" so'e effort of ts o8n. O)r e2dence1 as 8e 3no81 +as
$onted decs2el" to tele$at+c '$acts or nfl)ences fro' 8t+o)t. In t+e
Rrb" case . ),( /1 for nstance1 8e +a2e s)$$osed t+at t+e s$rt of t+e
slee$n& sster affected t+e brot+er b" a tele$at+c '$act1 fro' #ithout,
8+c+ 8or3ed tself o)t b" a)to'atc 'o2e'ents D)st l3e t+ose a)to'atc
'o2e'ents 8+c+ 8e +a2e alread" descrbed as or&natn& 8+oll" fro'
#ithin. 6+at1 t+en1 s t+e 'ec+ans' +ereW %re 8e stll to s)$$ose t+at t+e
a)to'atst5s s)bl'nal self e#ec)tes t+e 'o2e'entsobe"n& so'e+o8
t+e bddn& of t+e '$)lse fro' 8t+o)tW or does t+e e#ternal a&ent1 8+o
sends t+e tele$at+c 'essa&e1 +'self e#ec)te t+e 'o2e'ents also1 drectl"
)sn& t+e a)to'atst5s ar'W %nd f tele3netc 'o2e'ents acco'$an" t+e
'essa&e1 (a s)bDect t+)s far deferred1 b)t of $r'e '$ortance)1 are 8e to
s)$$ose t+at t+ese also are effected b" t+e $erc$ent5s s)bl'nal self1 )nder
t+e &)dance of so'e e#ternal s$rt1 ncarnate or dscarnateW or are t+e"
effected drectl" b" t+at e#ternal s$rtW
))0 . 6e cannot reall" sa" 8+c+ of t+ese t8o s t+e easer +"$ot+ess.
4ro' one $ont of 2e8 t 'a" see' s'$ler to 3ee$ as lon& as 8e can
to t+at ac3no8led&ed vera causa, t+e a)to'atst5s s)bl'nal selfG and to
collect s)c+ obser2atons as 'a" ndcate an" $o8er on ts $art of $rod)cn&
$+"scal effects o)tsde t+e or&ans'. ()c+ scattered obser2atons occ)r at
e2er" sta&e1 and e2en /rs. !e8n+a'1 (I 'a" brefl" obser2e n $assn&)1
t+o)&+t t+at +er $encl1 8+en 8rtn& do8n t+e 'essa&es tele$at+call"
der2ed fro' +er +)sband1 8as 'o2ed b" so'et+n& ot+er t+an t+e ordnar"
')sc)lar acton of t+e fn&ers 8+c+ +eld t. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+ere see's
so'et+n& 2er" forced n attrb)tn& to an e#ternal s$rt5s a&enc" '$)lses
and '$ressons 8+c+ see' nt'atel" t+e a)to'atst5s o8n1 and at t+e
sa'e t'e ref)sn& to ascrbe to t+at e#ternal a&enc" $+eno'ena 8+c+ ta3e
$lace o)tsde t+e a)to'atst5s or&ans'1 and 8+c+ $resent t+e'sel2es to
+' as obDect2e facts1 as ')c+ o)tsde +s o8n ben& as t+e fall of t+e a$$le
to t+e &ro)nd.
+ii,GNN-
Reflectn& on s)c+ $ontsand once ad'ttn& t+s 3nd of nteracton
bet8een t+e a)to'atst5s o8n s$rt and an e#ternal s$rt1 ncarnate or
dscarnate8e fnd t+e $ossble co'bnatons $resentn& t+e'sel2es n
$er$le#n& 2aret"Ga 2aret" bot+ of a&ences on t+e $art of t+e n2adn&
s$rt1 and of effects on t+e $art of t+e n2aded s$rt and or&ans'.
6+at s t+at 8+c+ n2adesW and 8+at s t+at 8+c+ s ds$laced or
s)$erseded b" t+s n2asonW In 8+at 8a"s 'a" t8o s$rts coCo$erate n t+e
$ossesson and control of t+e sa'e or&ans'W
T+ese last 8ordscontrol and $ossessonre'nd )s of t+e &reat 'ass
of 2a&)e tradton and belef to t+e effect t+at s$rts of t+e de$arted 'a"
e#ercse s)c+ $ossesson or control o2er t+e l2n&. To t+ose ancent and
2a&)e belefs t 8ll be o)r tas3 n t+e ne#t c+a$ter to &2e a for' as e#act
and stable as 8e can. %nd obser2e 8t+ +o8 entrel" no2el a $re$araton of
'nd 8e no8 enter on t+at tas3. T+e e#a'naton of $ossesson9 s no
lon&er to )s1 as to t+e ordnar" c2lsed nE)rer1 a 'erel" antE)aran or
ant+ro$olo&cal researc+ nto for's of s)$erstton l"n& 8+oll" a$art fro'
an" 2ald or s"ste'atc t+o)&+t. On t+e contrar"1 t s an nE)r" drectl"
&ro8n& o)t of $re2o)s e2denceG drectl" needed for t+e f)ll
co'$re+enson of 3no8n facts as 8ell as for t+e dsco2er" of facts
)n3no8n. 6e need (so to sa")1 to anal"se t+e s$ectr)' of +el)'1 as
detected n t+e s)n1 n order to c+ec3 and correct o)r s$ectr)' of +el)' as
detected n t+e Bat+ 8aters. 6e are obl&ed to see3 for certan defnte
$+eno'ena n t+e s$rt)al 8orld n order to e#$lan certan defnte
$+eno'ena of t+e 8orld of 'atter.
+ii,GNO-
CHAPTER IX
TRANCE, POSSESSION, AND
ECSTASY
Vct ter d)r)' $etas .
VIRGIL.
900 . T+e a$$earance of t+s boo3 +as been dela"ed for se2eral "ears b"
se2eral ca)ses1 of 8+c+ t s to be feared t+at t+e c+ef +as been t+at ca)se
8+c+ t+e &ods call (+eer Indolence1 and 'en t+e Press)re of Occ)$aton.
6+at evi 'a" +a2e res)lted fro' t+e lon& defer'ent t s not for t+e a)t+or
to sa". 6+at co)nterbalancn& good t+ere 'a" +a2e accr)ed o)&+t to be
'anfest n t+e follo8n& c+a$ter. 4or t s n t+s c+a$ter t+at t+e 'an
dfference les bet8een 8+at I s+o)ld +a2e 8rtten ten "ears a&o1 and 8+at t
see's to 'e not onl" $er'ssble1 b)t e2en )r&entl" necessar" to 8rte
toda". It s n 8+at ')st needs be sad abo)t Possesson t+at t+e &reat
c+an&e +as co'e.
&ossession, to defne t for t+e 'o'ent n t+e narro8est 8a"1 s a 'ore
de2elo$ed for' of /otor %)to'ats'. T+e dfference broadl" s1 t+at n
Possesson t+e a)to'atst5s o8n $ersonalt" does for t+e t'e alto&et+er
dsa$$ear1 8+le t+ere s a 'ore or less co'$lete substitution of $ersonalt"G
8rtn& or s$eec+ ben& &2en b" a s$rt t+ro)&+ t+e entranced or&ans'.
T+e c+an&e 8+c+ +as co'e o2er t+s branc+ of e2dence snce t+e $resent
8or3 8as frst $roDected1 n *AAA1 s 'ost s&nfcant. T+ere e#sted ndeed1
at t+at date1 a &ood deal of e2dence 8+c+ $onted n t+s drecton1
*
b)t for
2aro)s reasons 'ost of t+at e2dence 8as stll $ossbl" e#$lcable n ot+er
8a"s. E2en t+e $+eno'ena of /r. 6. (. /oses left t $ossble to ar&)e t+at
t+e 'an controls9 )nder 8+c+ +e 8rote or s$o3e 8+en entranced 8ere
selfCs)&&estons of +s o8n 'nd1 or $+ases of +s o8n dee$er $ersonalt". I
+ad not t+en +ad t+e o$$ort)nt"1 8+c+ t+e 3ndness of +s e#ec)tors after
+s deat+ afforded to 'e1 of st)d"n& t+e 8+ole seres of +s or&nal noteC
boo3s1 and for'n& at frstC+and '" $resent con2cton t+at s$rt)al a&enc"
8as an act)al and '$ortant ele'ent n t+at lon& seE)ence of
co'')ncatons. On t+e 8+ole1 I dd not t+en antc$ate t+at t+e t+eor" of
$ossesson co)ld be $resented as 'ore t+an a $la)sble s$ec)laton1 or as a
s)$$le'ent to ot+er lnes of $roof of 'an5s s)r22al of deat+.
+ii,GOP-
T+e $oston of t+n&s1 as t+e reader of t+e (.P.R. &roceedings 3no8s1
+as n t+e last decade )nder&one a co'$lete c+an&e. T+e tranceC$+eno'ena
of /rs. P$erso lon& and so caref)ll" 8atc+ed b" ,r. -od&son and ot+ers
for'ed1 I t+n31 b" far t+e 'ost re'ar3able 'ass of $s"c+cal e2dence
tll t+en add)ced n an" E)arter. %nd 'ore recentl" ot+er seres of tranceC
$+eno'ena 8t+ ot+er 'ed)'s9t+o)&+ stll nco'$lete+a2e added
'aterall" to t+e e2dence obtaned t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er. T+e res)lt broadl" s
t+at t+ese $+eno'ena of $ossesson are no8 t+e 'ost a'$l" attested1 as
8ell as ntrnscall" t+e 'ost ad2anced1 n o)r 8+ole re$ertor".
901 . !or1 a&an1 s t+e 'ere ncre'ent of drect e2dence1 '$ortant
t+o)&+ t+at s1 t+e sole factor n t+e c+an&ed st)aton. !ot onl" +as drect
e2dence &ro8n1 b)t ndrect e2dence1 so to sa"1 +as 'o2ed to 'eet t. T+e
noton of $ersonalt"1of t+e control of or&ans' b" s$rt1+as &rad)all"
been so 'odfed t+at Possesson1 8+c+ $assed tll t+e ot+er da" as a 'ere
s)r22al of sa2a&e t+o)&+t1 s no8 seen to be t+e cons)''aton1 t+e f)rt+est
de2elo$'ent1 of 'an" lnes of e#$er'ent1 obser2aton1 reflecton1 8+c+
t+e $recedn& c+a$ters +a2e o$ened to o)r 2e8.
Let )s t+en at once consder 8+at t+e noton of $ossesson does act)all"
cla'. It 8ll be better to face t+at cla' n ts f)ll e#tent at once1 as t 8ll
be seen t+at t+e e2dence1 8+le rsn& t+ro)&+ 2aro)s sta&es1 does n t+e
end nsst on all t+at t+e ancent ter' '$les. T+e leadn& 'odern cases1 of
8+c+ (tanton /oses and /rs. P$er 'a" be ta3en as t"$es1 are closel"
analo&o)s1 $resentn& 'an" )ndes&ned concdences1 so'e of 8+c+ co'e
o)t onl" on close e#a'naton.
T+e cla'1 t+en1 s t+at t+e a)to'atst1 n t+e frst $lace1 falls nto a
trance1 d)rn& 8+c+ +s s$rt $artall" E)ts +s bod"9J enters at an" rate
nto a state n 8+c+ t+e s$rt)al 8orld s 'ore or less o$en to ts
$erce$tonG and n 8+c+ alsoand t+s s t+e no2elt"t so far ceases to
occ)$" t+e or&ans' as to lea2e roo' for an n2adn& s$rt to )se t n
so'e8+at t+e sa'e fas+on as ts o8ner s acc)sto'ed to )se t.
T+e bran ben& t+)s left te'$orarl" and $artall" )ncontrolled1 a
dse'boded s$rt so'et'es1 b)t not al8a"s1 s)cceeds n occ)$"n& tG and
occ)$es t 8t+ 2ar"n& de&rees of control. In so'e cases (/rs. P$er) t8o
or 'ore s$rts 'a" s')ltaneo)sl" control dfferent $ortons of t+e sa'e
or&ans'.
T+e controlln& s$rt $ro2es +s dentt" 'anl" b" re$rod)cn&1 n
s$eec+ or 8rtn&1 facts 8+c+ belon& to his 'e'or" and not to t+e
a)to'atst5s 'e'or". -e 'a" also &2e e2dence of s)$ernor'al $erce$ton
of ot+er 3nds.
-s 'anfestatons 'a" dffer 2er" consderabl" fro' t+e a)to'atst5s
nor'al $ersonalt". Yet n one sense t s a $rocess of selecton rat+er t+an
of addtonG t+e s$rt selects 8+at $arts of t+e branC'ac+ner" +e 8ll )se1
b)t +e cannot &et o)t of t+at 'ac+ner" 'ore t+an t s constr)cted +ii,GOG-
to $erfor'. T+e s$rt can ndeed $rod)ce facts and na'es )n3no8n to t+e
a)to'atstG b)t t+e" ')st be1 as a r)le1 s)c+ facts and na'es as t+e
a)to'atst co)ld easl" +a2e re$eated1 +ad t+e" been 3no8n to +'Jnot1
for nstance1 'at+e'atcal for')lF or C+nese sentences1 f t+e a)to'atst
s &norant of 'at+e'atcs or of C+nese.
%fter a t'e t+e control &2es 8a"1 and t+e a)to'atst5s s$rt ret)rns.
T+e a)to'atst1 a8a3n&1 'a" or 'a" not re'e'ber +s e#$erences n t+e
s$rt)al 8orld d)rn& t+e trance. In so'e cases ((8edenbor&) t+ere s t+s
'e'or" of t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 b)t no $ossesson of t+e or&ans' b" an
e#ternal s$rt. In ot+ers (Ca+a&net5s s)bDect) t+ere s )tterance d)rn& t+e
trance as to 8+at s ben& dscerned b" t+e a)to'atst1 "et no 'e'or"
t+ereof on 8a3n&. In ot+ers (/rs. P$er) t+ere s net+er )tterance as a r)le1
or at least no $rolon&ed )tterance1 b" t+e a)to'atst5s o8n s$rt1 nor
s)bseE)ent 'e'or"G b)t t+ere s 8rtn& or )tterance d)rn& t+e trance b"
controlln& s$rts.
90( . !o8 t+s see's a stran&e doctrne to +a2e reac+ed after so ')c+
ds$)taton. 4or t s'$l" brn&s )s bac3 to t+e creeds of t+e (tone %&e. 6e
+a2e co'e ro)nd a&an to t+e $r't2e $ractces of t+e s+a'an and t+e
'edcneC'anGto a doctrne of s$rt)al nterco)rse 8+c+ 8as once
Qc)'encal1 b)t +as no8 ta3en ref)&e n %frcan s8a'$s and (beran
t)ndras and t+e sno8Cclad 8astes of t+e Red Indan and t+e EsE)'a)#. If1
as s so'et'es ad2sed1 8e D)d&e of t+e 8ort+ of deas b" tracn& t+er
origins1 no conce$ton co)ld start fro' a lo8er le2el of +)'ant". It '&+t
be $)t o)t of co)rt at once as )n8ort+" of c2lsed 'en.
4ort)natel"1 +o8e2er1 o)r $re2o)s dsc)ssons +a2e s)$$led )s 8t+ a
so'e8+at 'ore searc+n& crteron. Instead of as3n& n 8+at a&e a doctrne
or&nated8t+ t+e '$led ass)'$ton t+at t+e 'ore recent t s1 t+e better
8e can no8 as3 +o8 far t s n accord or n dscord 8t+ a &reat 'ass of
act)al recent e2dence 8+c+ co'es nto contact1 n one 8a" or anot+er1
8t+ nearl" e2er" belef as to an )nseen 8orld 8+c+ +as been +eld at least
b" 8estern 'en. ()b'tted to t+s test1 t+e t+eor" of $ossesson &2es a
re'ar3able res)lt. It cannot be sad to be nconsstent 8t+ an" of o)r
$ro2ed facts. 6e 3no8 absol)tel" not+n& 8+c+ ne&at2es ts $ossblt".
!a"1 'ore t+an t+s. T+e t+eor" of $ossesson act)all" s)$$les )s 8t+ a
$o8erf)l 'et+od of coCordnatn& and e#$lann& 'an" earler &ro)$s of
$+eno'ena1 f onl" 8e 8ll consent to e#$lan t+e' n a 8a" 8+c+ at frst
s&+t see'ed e#tre'e n ts ass)'$tonssee'ed )nd)l" $rod&al of t+e
'ar2ello)s. Yet as to t+at dffc)lt" 8e +a2e learnt b" t+s t'e t+at no
e#$lanaton of $s"c+cal $+eno'ena s reall" s'$le1 and t+at o)r best cl)e
s to &et +old of so'e &ro)$ 8+c+ see's to ad't of one nter$retaton
onl"1 and t+en to )se t+at &ro)$ as a point de rep=re fro' 8+c+ to attac3
'ore co'$le# $roble's.
!o8 I t+n3 t+at t+e /osesCP$er &ro)$ of tranceC$+eno'ena cannot
+ii,GOH- be ntell&entl" e#$laned on an" t+eor" e#ce$t t+at of $ossesson.
%nd I t+erefore t+n3 t '$ortant to consder n 8+at 8a" earler
$+eno'ena +a2e led )$ to $ossesson1 and n 8+at 8a" t+e facts of
$ossesson1 n t+er t)rn1 affect o)r 2e8 of t+ese earler $+eno'ena.
If 8e anal"se o)r obser2atons of $ossesson1 8e fnd t8o 'an factors
t+e central o$eraton1 8+c+ s t+e control b" a s$rt of t+e senst2e5s
or&ans'G and t+e nds$ensable $rereE)ste1 8+c+ s t+e $artal and
te'$orar" deserton of t+at or&ans' b" t+e $erc$ent5s o8n s$rt.
Let )s consder frst +o8 far t+s 8t+dra8al of t+e l2n& 'an5s s$rt
fro' +s or&ans' +as been rendered conce2able b" e2dence alread"
obtaned.
903 . 4rst of all1 t+e s$lts1 and s)bstt)tons of $+ases of $ersonalt"
8t+ 8+c+ o)r second c+a$ter 'ade )s fa'lar +a2e &reat s&nfcance for
possession also.
6e +a2e t+ere seen so'e secondar" $ersonalt"1 be&nnn& 8t+ sl&+t
and solated sensor" and 'otor 'anfestatons1 "et &on& on &rad)all" to
co'$lete $redo'nance1co'$lete control of all s)$ral'nal
'anfestaton.
T+e 'ere collecton and descr$ton of s)c+ $+eno'ena +as )$ tll no8
sa2o)red of a certan boldness. T+e dea of tracn& t+e $ossble 'ec+ans'
n2ol2ed n t+ese transtons +as scarcel" arsen.
Yet t s 'anfest t+at t+ere ')st be a co'$le# set of la8s concerned
8t+ s)c+ alternatn& )se of branCcentresGde2elo$'ents1 one 'a"
s)$$ose1 of t+ose )n3no8n $+"scal la8s )nderl"n& ordnar" 'e'or"1 of
8+c+ no one +as for'ed as "et e2en a frst ro)&+ conce$ton.
%n ordnar" case of ec'nesa 'a" $resent $roble's as nsol)ble n t+er
8a" as t+ose offered b" s$rtC$ossesson tself. T+ere 'a" be n ec'nesa
$erods of lfe absol)tel" and $er'anentl" e#tr)ded fro' 'e'or"G and t+ere
'a" be also $erods 8+c+ are onl" te'$orarl" t+)s e#tr)ded. T+)s on
6ednesda" and T+)rsda" I 'a" be )na8are of 8+at I learnt and dd on
/onda" and T)esda"G and t+en on 4rda" I 'a" reco2er /onda"5s and
T)esda"5s 3no8led&e1 as 8ell as retann& 6ednesda"5s and T+)rsda"5s1 so
t+at '" branCcells +a2e ta3en on1 so to sa"1 t8o se$arate lnes of ed)caton
snce ()nda"t+at 8+c+ be&an on /onda"1 and t+at 8+c+ be&an on
6ednesda". T+ese nterc)rrent ed)catons 'a" +a2e been nat)rall"
dscordant1 and 'a" be f)sed n all 3nds of 8a"s n t+e )lt'ate s"nt+ess.
T+ese $rocesses are co'$letel" obsc)reG and all t+at can be sad s t+at
t+er 'ec+ans' $robabl" belon&s to t+e sa'e )n3no8n seres of o$eratons
8+c+ )lt'atel" lead to t+at co'$letest brea3 n t+e +stor" of t+e branC
cells 8+c+ conssts n t+er ntercalar" occ)$aton b" an e#ternal s$rt.
90+ . Passn& on to genius, 8+c+ I dsc)ssed n '" t+rd c+a$ter1 t s
notceable t+at t+ere also t+ere s a certan de&ree of te'$orar" s)bstt)ton
of one control for anot+er o2er '$ortant branCcentres. +ii,GOI- 6e ')st
+ere re&ard t+e s)bl'nal self as an entt" $artall" dstnct fro' t+e
s)$ral'nal1 and ts occ)$aton of t+ese branCcentres +abt)all" de2oted to
s)$ral'nal 8or3 s a 3nd of $ossesson1 8+c+ ll)strates n "et anot+er
8a" t+e ra$d 'etastass of $s"c+cal $rod)ct (so to ter' t) of 8+c+ t+ese
+&+est centres are ca$able. T+e +&+est &en)s 8o)ld t+)s be t+e
co'$letest se$,possession,t+e occ)$aton and do'nance of t+e 8+ole
or&ans' b" t+ose $rofo)ndest ele'ents of t+e self 8+c+ act fro' t+e
f)llest 3no8led&e1 and n t+e 8sest 8a".
90, . T+e ne#t 'an s)bDect 8+c+ fell )nder o)r descr$ton 8as seep.
%nd t+s statet+e nor'al state 8+c+ 'ost rese'bles trance+as lon&
a&o s)&&ested t+e E)eston 8+c+ frst +nts at t+e $ossblt" of ecstas"1
na'el"1 6+at beco'es of t+e so)l d)rn& slee$W I t+n3 t+at o)r e2dence
+as s+o8n t+at so'et'es d)rn& a$$arent ordnar" slee$ t+e s$rt 'a"
tra2el a8a" fro' t+e bod"1 and 'a" brn& bac3 a 'e'or"1 'ore or less
conf)sed1 of 8+at t +as seen n t+s clar2o"ant e#c)rson. T+s 'a" ndeed
+a$$en for bref flas+es d)rn& 8a3n& 'o'ents also. B)t ordnar" slee$
see's to +el$ t+e $rocessG and dee$er states of slee$s$ontaneo)s or
nd)cedsee' stll f)rt+er to facltate t. In t+e co'a $recedn& deat+1 or
d)rn& t+at s)s$ended an'aton9 8+c+ s so'et'es ta3en for deat+1 t+s
tra2elln& fac)lt" +as see'ed to reac+ ts +&+est $ont.
90' . I +a2e s$o3en of dee$er states of slee$1 s$ontaneo)s or nd)ced19
and +ere t+e reader 8ll nat)rall" recall ')c+ t+at +as been sad of ordnar"
so'na'b)ls'1 ')c+ t+at +as been sad of +"$notc trance. +"$notc trance
+as created for )s1 8t+ $erfect faclt"1 st)atons e#ternall"
ndstn&)s+able fro' 8+at I s+all $resentl" cla' as tr)e $ossesson. %
E)asC$ersonalt"1 arbtrarl" created1 'a" occ)$" t+e or&ans'1 res$ondn&
to s$eec+ or s&n n so'e c+aracterstc fas+on1 alt+o)&+ 8t+o)t $rod)cn&
an" fres+ 2erfable facts as e2dence to t+e alle&ed dentt". !a"
so'et'es1 as n a fe8 of t+e Pesaro e#$er'ents1 (see &roceedings (.P.R.1
2ol. 2. $$. ?B;K?B?)1 t+ere 'a" be ndcatons t+at so'et+n& of a ne8
$ersonalt" s t+ere. %nd on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e senst2e5s o8n s$rt often
cla's to +a2e been absent else8+ere1')c+ n t+e fas+on n 8+c+ t
so'et'es 'a&nes tself to +a2e been absent d)rn& ordnar" slee$1 b)t
8t+ &reater $ersstence and l)cdt".
O)r nE)r" nto t+e nat)re of 8+at s t+)s alle&ed to be seen n slee$
and co&nate states +as $ro2ed nstr)ct2e. (o'et'es 3no8n eart+l" scenes
a$$ear to be re2sted8t+ onl" s)c+ alteraton as 'a" +a2e ta3en $lace
snce t+e slee$er last 2sted t+e' n 8a3n& +o)rs. B)t so'et'es also
t+ere s an ad'#t)re of an a$$arentl" symboica ele'ent. T+e eart+l"
scene ncl)des so'e ele'ent of +)'an acton1 8+c+ s $resented n a
selected or abbre2ated fas+on1 as t+o)&+ so'e 'nd +ad been concerned to
brn& o)t a s$ecal s&nfcance fro' t+e co'$le# stor". (o'et'es t+s
ele'ent beco'es E)te do'nantG $+antas'al f&)res are seenG or (as n ,r.
6ltse5s case of a$$arent deat+1 *13 A) t+ere +ii,GOJ- 'a" be a $rolon&ed
s"'bolcal re$resentaton of an entr" nto t+e s$rt)al 8orld.
Cases l3e t+ese do of co)rse a$$arentl" s)$$ort t+at $r't2e doctrne
of t+e s$rt5s act)al 8andern& n s$ace. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+s noton +as
beco'e )n8elco'e to 'odern t+o)&+t1 8+c+ s less )n8lln& to bele2e n
so'e tele$at+c nterco)rse bet8een 'nd and 'nd n 8+c+ s$ace s not
n2ol2ed. 4or '" o8n $art1 I +a2e alread" e#$laned t+at I t+n3 t+at t+e
e2dence to an at least a$$arent 'o2e'ent of so'e 3nd n s$ace ')st
o)t8e&+ an" 'ere s$ec)lat2e $res)'$ton a&anst t. %nd I +old t+at t+ese
ne8 e#$erences of $ossesson fall on t+s contro2ers" 8t+ decs2e force.
It s so stron&l" cla'ed1 n e2er" nstance of $ossesson1 t+at t+e senst2e5s
o8n s$rt ')st n so'e sense vacate t+e or&ans'1 n order to allo8
anot+er s$rt to enter1and t+e e2dence for t+e realt" of $ossesson s at
t+e sa'e t'e so stron&1t+at I t+n3 t+at 8e ')st ar&)e bac3 fro' t+s
s$atal c+an&e as a relat2el" certan fact1 and ')st $lace a corres$ondn&
nter$retaton on earler $+eno'ena. ()c+ an nter$retaton1 f once
ad'tted1 does certanl" 'eet t+e $+eno'ena n t+e 8a" 'ost accordant
8t+ t+e s)bDect2e '$ressons of t+e 2aro)s $erc$ents.
%s 8e +a2e alread" re$eatedl" fo)nd1 t s t+e bold e2ol)tonar"
+"$ot+ess 8+c+ best f#es and coll&ates t+e scattered facts. 6e enco)nter
n t+ese st)des $+eno'ena of de&eneraton and $+eno'ena of e2ol)ton.
T+e de&enerat2e $+eno'ena are e#$lcable sn&l" and n detal as
declensons n d2er&ent drectons fro' an e#stn& le2el. T+e e2ol)t2e
$+eno'ena $ont1 on t+e ot+er +and1 to ne8 &eneralsatonsGto $o8ers
$re2o)sl" )nreco&nsed to8ards 8+c+ o)r e2dence converges alon&
constantl" ')lt$l"n& lnes.
T+s 'atter of $s"c+cal e#c)rson fro' t+e or&ans' )lt'atel"
n2ol2es t+e e#tre'est cla' to no2el fac)lt" 8+c+ +as e2er been ad2anced
for 'en. 4or t n2ol2es1 as 8e s+all see1 t+e cla' to ecstasyJto a
8andern& 2son 8+c+ s not confned to t+s eart+ or t+s 'ateral 8orld
alone1 b)t ntrod)ces t+e seer nto t+e s$rt)al 8orld and a'on&
co'')ntes +&+er t+an an" 8+c+ t+s $lanet 3no8s. T+e dsc)sson of
t+s trans$ortaton1 +o8e2er1 8ll be better deferred )ntl after t+e e2dence
for $ossesson +as been lad before t+e reader at so'e len&t+.
Contn)n&1 t+en1 for t+e $resent o)r anal"ss of t+e dea of $ossesson1
8e co'e no8 to ts s$ecfc feat)re1t+e occ)$aton b" a s$rt)al a&enc"
of t+e entranced and $artall" 2acated or&ans'. -ere t s t+at o)r $re2o)s
st)des 8ll do 'ost to clear o)r conce$tons. Instead of at once lea$n& to
t+e E)eston of 8+at s$rts n t+er essence are1of 8+at t+e" can do and
cannot do1of t+e antecedent $ossblt" of t+er reCentr" nto 'atter1 and
t+e l3e18e ')st be&n b" s'$l" carr"n& t+e dea of tele$at+" to ts
f)rt+est $ont. 6e ')st 'a&ne tele$at+" beco'n& as central and as
ntense as $ossbleGand 8e s+all fnd t+at of t8o d2er&n& t"$es of
tele$at+c nterco)rse 8+c+ 8ll t+)s $resent t+e'sel2es1 +ii,GOK- t+e one
8ll &rad)all" corres$ond to $ossesson1 and t+e ot+er to ecstas".
90* . B)t +ere let )s $a)se1 and consder 8+at s t+e tr)est conce$ton
8+c+ 8e are b" t+s t'e able to for' of tele$at+". T+e #ord +as been a
con2enent oneG t+e centra notionof co'')ncaton be"ond t+s ran&e of
sensecan at an" rate t+)s be e#$ressed n s'$le ter's. B)t ne2ert+eless
t+ere +as been not+n& to ass)re )s t+at o)r real co'$re+enson of tele$at+c
$rocesses +as &ot ')c+ dee$er t+an t+at 2erbal defnton. O)r conce$ton
of tele$at+"1 ndeed1 to sa" not+n& of telFst+esa1 +as needed to be
broadened 8t+ eac+ fres+ sta&e of o)r e2dence. T+at e2dence at frst
re2ealed to )s certan trans'ssons of t+o)&+ts and 'a&es 8+c+ s)&&ested
t+e $assa&e of act)al et+eral 2bratons fro' bran to bran. !or ndeed can
an" one sa" at an" $ont of o)r e2dence t+at et+eral 2bratons are
de'onstrabl" not concerned n t+e $+eno'ena. 6e cannot tell +o8 far fro'
t+e 'ateral 8orld (to )se a cr)de $+rase) so'e et+eral a&enc" 'a"
$ossbl" e#tend. B)t tele$at+c $+eno'ena are n fact soon seen to o2er$ass
an" de2elo$'ent 8+c+ 'a&nat2e analo&" can &2e to t+e conce$ton of
et+eral radaton fro' one 'ateral $ont to anot+er.
4or fro' t+e 'ere trans'sson of solated deas or $ct)res t+ere s1 as
'" readers 3no81 a contn)o)s $ro&resson to '$ressons and a$$artons
far 'ore $ersstent and co'$le#. 6e enco)nter an nfl)ence 8+c+ s)&&ests
no 'ere '$act of et+eral 8a2es1 b)t an ntell&ent and res$ons2e
presence, rese'bln& not+n& so ')c+ as t+e ordnar" +)'an nterco)rse of
$ersons n bodl" nearness. ()c+ 2sons or a)dtons1 n8ard or
e#ternalsed1 are ndeed so'et'es felt to n2ol2e an e2en closer contact of
s$rts t+an t+e co''on nterco)rse of eart+ allo8s. One co)ld +ardl"
ass&n et+eral )nd)latons as t+er ca)se 8t+o)t ass&nn& t+at sa'e
'ec+ans' to all o)r e'otons felt to8ards eac+ ot+er1 or e2en to o)r
control o2er o)r o8n or&ans's.
!a"1 'ore. T+ere sas I +a2e str2en to s+o8a f)rt+er $ro&resson
fro' t+ese tele$at+c nterco'')ncatons bet8een l2n& 'en to
nterco'')ncatons bet8een l2n& 'en and dscarnate s$rts. %nd t+s
ne8 t+ess1n e2er" 8a" of 2tal '$ortance18+le $ractcall" sol2n&
one $roble' on 8+c+ I +a2e alread" d8elt1 o$ens also a $ossblt" of t+e
deter'naton of anot+er $roble'1 no8se accessble )ntl no8. In t+e frst
$lace1 8e 'a" no8 rest ass)red t+at tele$at+c co'')ncaton s not
necessarl" $ro$a&ated b" 2bratons $roceedn& fro' an ordnar" 'ateral
brain. 4or t+e dscarnate s$rt at an" rate +as no s)c+ bran fro' 8+c+ to
start t+e'.
90) . (o ')c+1 n t+e frst $lace1 for t+e agentQs end of t+e
co'')ncaton.
%nd n t+e second $lace1 8e no8 dscern a $ossblt" of &ettn& at t+e
percipients endG of deter'nn& 8+et+er t+e tele$at+c '$act s rece2ed b"
t+e brain or b" t+e spirit of t+e l2n& 'an. +ii,GOL- or b" bot+ nse$arabl"1
or so'et'es b" one and so'et'es b" t+e ot+er.
On t+s $roble'1 I sa"1 t+e $+eno'ena of a)to'atc scr$t1 of tranceC
)tterance1 of s$rtC$ossesson1 t+ro8 'ore of l&+t t+an 8e co)ld +a2e
2ent)red to +o$e.
(tated broadl"1 o)r tranceC$+eno'ena s+o8 )s to be&n 8t+ t+at se2eral
c)rrents of co'')ncaton can $ass at once fro' dscarnate s$rts to a
l2n& 'anGand can $ass n 2er" 2ar"n& 8a"s. 4or clearness5 sa3e I 8ll
$)t asde for t+e $resent all cases 8+ere t+e tele$at+c '$act ta3es an
e#ternalsed or sensor" for'1 and 8ll s$ea3 onl" of ntellect)al '$ressons
and 'otor a)to'ats's.
!o8 t+ese 'a" $ass t+ro)&+ all &rades of a$$arent centraity. If a 'an1
a8a3e and n ot+er res$ects f)ll" selfCcontrolled1 feels +s +and '$elled to
scra8l 8ords on a $ece of $a$er1 8t+o)t consco)sness of 'otor effort o$
his o#n, t+e '$)lse does not see' to +' a centra one1 alt+o)&+ so'e $art
of +s bran s $res)'abl" n2ol2ed. On t+e ot+er +and1 a ')c+ less
cons$c)o)s n2ason of +s $ersonalt" 'a" feel ')c+ 'ore centralGas1
for nstance1 a $re'onton of e2l1an n8ard +ea2ness 8+c+ +e can
scarcel" defne. 6ell1 t+e 'otor a)to'ats' &oes on )ntl t reac+es t+e
$ont of possessionGt+at s to sa"1 )ntl t+e 'an5s o8n consco)sness s
absol)tel" n abe"ance1 and e2er" $art of +s bod" s )tlsed b" t+e n2adn&
s$rt or s$rts. 6+at +a$$ens n s)c+ condtons to t+e 'an5s r)ln&
$rnc$leto +s o8n s$rt8e ')st consder $resentl". B)t so far as +s
or&ans' s concerned1 t+e n2ason see's co'$leteJ and t ndcates a
$o8er 8+c+ s ndeed tele$at+c n a tr)e senseG"et not E)te n t+e sense
8+c+ 8e or&nall" attac+ed to t+e 8ord. 6e frst t+o)&+t of tele$at+" as of
a co'')ncaton bet8een t8o 'nds1 8+ereas 8+at 8e +a2e +ere loo3s
'ore l3e a co'')ncaton bet8een a 'nd and a bod"1an e#ternal 'nd1
n $lace of t+e 'nd 8+c+ s acc)sto'ed to r)le t+at $artc)lar bod".
T+ere s n s)c+ a case no a$$arent co'')ncaton bet8een t+e
dscarnate 'nd and t+e mind of t+e a)to'atst. Rat+er t+ere s a 3nd of
contact bet8een t+e dscarnate 'nd and t+e brain of t+e a)to'atst1 n so
far t+at t+e dscarnate 'nd1 $)rs)n& ts o8n ends1 s +el$ed )$ to a certan
$ont b" t+e acc)')lated ca$actes of t+e a)to'atst5s branGand s'larl"
s +ndered b" ts nca$actes.
909 . Yet +ere t+e 'ost c+aracterstc ele'ent of tele$at+"1 I re$eat1
see's to +a2e dro$$ed o)t alto&et+er. T+ere s no $erce$tble co'')non
bet8een t+e 'nd of t+e entranced $erson and an" ot+er 'nd 8+ate2er. -e
s possessed, b)t s 3e$t n )nconsco)sness1 and ne2er re&ans 'e'or" of
8+at +s l$s +a2e )ttered d)rn& +s trance.
B)t let )s see 8+et+er 8e +a2e t+)s &ras$ed all t+e tranceC$+eno'enaG
8+et+er so'et+n& else 'a" not be &on& on1 8+c+ s 'ore tr)l"1 'ore
centrall" tele$at+c.
To &o bac3 to t+e earlest sta&e of tele$at+c e#$erence1 8e can see +ii,
GOM- 8ell eno)&+ t+at t+e e#$er'ental $rocess '&+t E)te $ossbl"
n2ol2e t8o dfferent factors. T+e $erc$ent5s 'nd ')st so'e+o8 rece2e
t+e tele$at+c '$ressonGand to t+s rece$ton 8e can ass&n no defnte
$+"scal correlat2eGand also t+e $erc$ent5s 'otor or sensor" centres
')st rece2e an e#ctatonG8+c+ e#ctaton 'a" be co'')ncated1 for
a)&+t 8e 3no81 et+er b" +s o8n 'nd n t+e ordnar" 8a"1 or b" t+e
a&ent5s 'nd n so'e drect 8a"18+c+ I 'a" call teergic, t+)s &2n& a
'ore $recse sense to a 8ord 8+c+ I lon& a&o s)&&ested as a 3nd of
correlat2e to teepathic. T+at s to sa"1 t+ere 'a" e2en n t+ese a$$arentl"
s'$le cases be frst a trans'sson fro' a&ent to $erc$ent n t+e s$rt)al
8orld1 and t+en an acton on t+e $erc$ent5s $+"scal bran1 of t+e sa'e t"$e
as s$rtC$ossesson. T+s acton on t+e $+"scal bran 'a" be d)e et+er to
t+e $erc$ent5s o8n s$rt1 or s)bl'nal self1 or else drectl" to t+e a&ent5s
s$rt. 4or I ')st re$eat t+at t+e $+eno'ena of $ossesson see' to ndcate
t+at t+e e#traneo)s s$rt acts on a 'an5s or&ans' n 2er" ')c+ t+e sa'e
8a" as t+e 'an5s o8n s$rt +abt)all" acts on t. One ')st t+)s $ractcall"
re&ard t+e bod" as an nstr)'ent )$on 8+c+ a s$rt $la"sGan ancent
'eta$+or 8+c+ no8 see's act)all" o)r nearest a$$ro#'aton to tr)t+.
Proceedn& to t+e case of tele$at+c or 2erdcal a$$artons1 8e see t+e
sa'e +nts of a do)ble nat)re n t+e $rocessGtraces of t8o ele'ents
'n&ln& n 2aro)s de&rees. %t t+e s$rt)al end t+ere 'a" be 8+at 8e +a2e
called clar2o"ant 2sons19$ct)res 'anfestl" s"'bolcal1 and not
located b" t+e obser2er n ordnar" t+reeCd'ensonal s$ace. T+ese see'
analo&o)s to t+e 2e8s of t+e s$rt)al 8orld 8+c+ t+e senst2e enDo"s
d)rn& entrance'ent. T+en co'es t+at lar&er class of 2erdcal a$$artons
8+ere t+e f&)re see's to be e#ternalsed fro' t+e $erc$ent5s 'nd1 so'e
st')l)s +a2n& act)all" been a$$led18+et+er b" a&ent5s or $erc$ent5s
s$rt1to t+e a$$ro$rate branCcentre. T+ese cases of sensor"
a)to'ats'9 rese'ble t+ose e#$er'ental transferences of $ct)res of cards1
&c. %nd be"ond t+ese a&an1 on t+e $+"scal or rat+er t+e )ltraC$+"scal
sde1 co'e t+ose coective a$$artons 8+c+ n '" 2e8 n2ol2e so'e
)n3no8n 3nd of 'odfcaton of a certan $orton of s$ace not occ)$ed b"
an" or&ans'1as o$$osed to a 'odfcaton of centres n one s$ecal bran.
-ere co'es n1 as I +old1 t+e &rad)al transton fro' s)bDect2e to obDect2e1
as t+e $orton of s$ace n E)eston s 'odfed n a 'anner to affect a lar&er
and lar&er n)'ber of $erc$ent 'nds.
910 . !o8 8+en 8e $roceed fro' t+ese a$$artons of t+e l2n& to
a$$artons of t+e de$arted1 8e fnd 2er" ')c+ t+e sa'e t"$es $ersstn&
stll. 6e fnd s"'bolcal visions of de$arted $ersons1 and of scenes a'on&
8+c+ t+e" see' to d8ell. 6e fnd e#ternalsed apparitions or $+antas's of
de$arted $ersons1ndcatn& t+at so'e $ont n t+e $erc$ent5s bran +as
been st')lated b" +s o8n or b" so'e ot+er s$rt. %nd fnall"1 as +as
alread" been sad1 8e fnd t+at n certan cases of $ossesson t+ese t8o 3nds
of nfl)ence are s')ltaneo)sl" carred to an +ii,GON- e#tre'e. T+e
$erc$ent a)to'atst of earler sta&es beco'es no lon&er a $erc$ent b)t an
a)to'atst $)re and s'$le1so far as +s bod" s concerned1for +s
8+ole brannot one $ont alonesee's no8 to be st')lated and
controlled b" an e#traneo)s s$rt1 and +e s not +'self a8are of 8+at +s
bod" 8rtes or )tters. %nd 'eant'e +s s$rt1 $artall" set free fro' t+e
bod"1 'a" be $)rel" $erc$entG'a" be enDo"n& t+at ot+er s$rt)al for'
of co'')ncaton 'ore co'$letel" t+an n an" t"$e of 2son 8+c+ o)r
descr$ton +ad +t+erto reac+ed.
911 . T+s $ont attaned1 anot+er analo&"1 alread" 'entoned1 8ll be at
once recalled. T+ere s anot+er class of $+eno'ena1 besdes tele$at+"1 of
8+c+ t+s defnton of $ossesson at once re'nds )s. 6e +a2e dealt ')c+
8t+ secondary personaities,8t+ se2erances and alternatons affectn& a
'an5s o8n s$rt1 n 2ar"n& relaton 8t+ +s or&ans'. 4Ulda 0.5s
de2elo$ed secondar" $ersonalt"1 for nstance . (31 A /1 '&+t be defned as
anot+er fra&'entor anot+er s"nt+essof 4Ulda5s s$rt actn& )$on +er
or&ans' n ')c+ t+e sa'e 8a" as t+e or&nal fra&'entor t+e $r'ar"
s"nt+essof +er s$rt 8as 8ont to act )$on t.
Planl"1 t+s analo&" s close eno)&+ to be l3el" to lead to $ractcal
conf)son. On 8+at &ro)nds can 8e base o)r dstnctonsW 6+at D)stfes )s
n sa"n& t+at 4Ulda 0.5s or&ans' 8as controlled onl" b" anot+er
'odfcaton of +er o8n $ersonalt"1 b)t t+at /rs. P$er5s s controlled b"
Geor&e Pel+a' . 9,9 /W /a" t+ere not be an" a'o)nt of selfCs)&&eston1
colo)rn& 8t+ t+e fctto)s +)e of all 3nds of denttes 8+at s n realt"
no 'ore t+an an allotro$c for' of t+e entranced $erson +'selfW Is e2en t+e
$ossesson b" t+e ne8 $ersonalt" of so'e fra&'ents of fres+ 3no8led&e
an" $roof of s$rtCcontrolW /a" not t+at 3no8led&e be &aned (as b" LUone
B.1 see (30 A and ,') A) clar2o"antl" or tele$at+call"1 8t+ no
nter2enton of an" s$rt ot+er t+an of l2n& 'enW
Yes1 ndeed1 8e ')st re$l"1 t+ere is +ere a dan&er of conf)son1 t+ere is
a lac3 of an" 8ellCdefned d2dn& lne. 6+le 8e ')st decde on &eneral
r)les1 8e ')st also 3ee$ o)r 'nds o$en to $ossble e#ce$tons.
On t+e ne&at2e sde1 ndeed1 &eneral r)les 8ll carr" )s a &ood 8a". 6e
')st not allo8 o)rsel2es to ascrbe to s$rtCcontrol cases 8+ere no ne8
3no8led&e s s+o8n n t+e trance state. %nd t+s r)le +as at once an
'$ortant conseE)ence1a conseE)ence 8+c+ $rofo)ndl" 'odfes t+e
antE)e dea of $ossesson. I 3no8 of no e2dence1reac+n& n an" 8a"
o)r +abt)al standard1et+er for an&elc1 for dabolcal1 or for +ostle
$ossesson.
91( . %nd +ere co'es t+e E)estonJ 6+at attt)de are 8e to ass)'e to
sa2a&e cases of $ossessonW %re 8e to acce$t as &en)ne t+e $ossesson of
t+e EsE)'a)#1 t+e C+na'an1na"1 of t+e -ebre8 of old da"sW
C+nese $ossesson s a &ood e#a'$le1 as descrbed n ,r. !e2)s5 boo3
(an acco)nt of 8+c+ b" Professor !e8bold I &2e n 91( A). +ii,GOO- I
a&ree 8t+ Professor !e8bold n +oldn& t+at no $roof +as been s+o8n t+at
t+ere s 'ore n t+e C+nese cases t+an t+at +"stercal d)$lcaton of
$ersonalt" 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are so fa'lar n 4rance and else8+ere.
% de2l s not a creat)re 8+ose e#stence s nde$endentl" 3no8n to
scenceG and t+e acco)nts of t+e be+a2o)r of t+e n2adn& de2ls see's d)e
to 'ere selfCs)&&eston. 6t+ )nc2lsed races1 e2en 'ore t+an a'on& o)r
o8n frends1 8e are bo)nd to nsst on t+e r)le t+at t+ere ')st be so'e
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e s+o8n before 8e 'a" ass)'e an e#ternal
nfl)ence. It 'a" of co)rse be re$led t+at t+e c+aracter s+o8n b" t+e
de2ls9 8as fends+ and act)all" hostie to t+e $ossessed $erson. Can 8e
s)$$ose t+at t+e tor'entor 8as act)all" a fracton of t+e tor'entedW
I re$l" t+at s)c+ a s)$$oston1 so far fro' ben& abs)rd1 s s)$$orted b"
8ellC3no8n $+eno'ena bot+ n nsant" and n 'ere +"stera.
Es$ecall" n t+e /ddle %&es1a'd $o8erf)l selfCs)&&estons of e2l
and terror1dd t+ese E)asC$ossessons reac+ an ntenst" and 2olence
8+c+ t+e cal' and sce$tcal at'os$+ere of t+e 'odern +os$tal c+ec3s and
dscredts. T+e de2ls 8t+ terrf"n& na'es 8+c+ $ossessed (Q)r
%n&UlE)e of Lo)d)n (see )3( B) 8o)ld at t+e (al$OtrPre )nder C+arcot n
o)r da"s +a2e f&)red 'erel" as sta&es of clo)ns'e9 and attt)des
$assonelles.9
%nd e2en no8 t+ese s$lts of $ersonalt" see' occasonall" to destro"
all s"'$at+" bet8een t+e nor'al nd2d)al and a d2er&ent fracton. !o
&reat s"'$at+" 8as felt b" LUone II. for LUone I. . (30 A ). %nd ,r.
/orton Prnce5s case ((3+ A) s+o8s )s t+e dee$est and ablest of t+e
$ersonaltes of +s /ss Bea)c+a'$19 $ost2el" s$tef)l n ts relaton to
+er 'an dentt".
BNarre t+o)&+ a +o)se t+)s d2ded a&anst tself 'a" see'1 t+e 'oral
dssdence s 'erel" an e#a&&eraton of t+e 'oral dscontn)t" alread"
obser2able n t+e t"$cal case of /rs. !e8n+a' ()+9 A). There t+e
secondar" ntell&ence 8as 'erel" trc3"1 not 'ale2olent. B)t ts trc3ness
8as 8+oll" alen fro' /rs. !e8n+a'5s c+aracter18as so'et+n&1 ndeed1
8+c+ s+e 8o)ld +a2e ener&etcall" re$)dated.
913 . It see's t+erefore1and t+e analo&" of drea's $onts n t+s
drecton also1t+at o)r 'oral nat)re s as easl" s$lt )$ as o)r ntellect)al
nat)re1 and t+at 8e cannot be an" 'ore certan t+at t+e 'nor c)rrent of
$ersonalt" 8+c+ s d2erted nto so'e ne8 c+annel 8ll retan mora t+an
t+at t 8ll retan inteectua co+erence.
To ret)rn once 'ore to t+e C+nese de2lC$ossessons. ,r. !e2)s
asserts1 t+o)&+ 8t+o)t add)cn& defnte $roof1 t+at t+e $ossessn& de2ls
so'et'es s+o8ed s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e. T+s s a better ar&)'ent for
t+er se$arate e#stence t+an t+er fends+ te'$er sG b)t t s not n tself
eno)&+. T+e 3no8led&e does not see' to +a2e been s$ecall" a$$ro$rate to
t+e s)$$osed nfor'n& s$rt. It see's as t+o)&+ t 'a" +a2e de$ended
)$on +e&+tened 'e'or"1 8t+ $ossbl" so'e sl&+t tele$at+c +ii,HPP- or
telFst+etc $erce$ton. -e&+tened 'e'or" s t+oro)&+l" c+aracterstc of
so'e +"stercal $+asesG and e2en t+e $ossble traces of tele$at+" (alt+o)&+
far t+e 'ost '$ortant feat)re of t+e $+eno'ena1 f t+e" reall" occ)rred)
are1 as 8e +a2e seen1 not )n3no8n n trance states (l3e LUone5s) 8+ere
t+ere s no ndcaton of an n2adn& s$rt.
Te'$orar" control of t+e or&ans' b" a 8del" d2er&ent fra&'ent of
t+e $ersonalt"1 selfCs)&&ested n so'e drea'Cl3e 'anner nto +ostlt" to
t+e 'an 'ass of t+e $ersonalt"1 and $er+a$s better able t+an t+at nor'al
$ersonalt" to reac+ and 'an$)late certan stored '$ressons1or e2en
certan s)$ernor'al nfl)ences1s)c+ 8ll be t+e for')la to 8+c+ 8e s+all
red)ce t+e n2adn& C+nese de2l1 as descrbed b" ,r. !e2)s1and
probaby t+e &reat 'aDort" of s)$$osed de2lC$ossessons of s'lar t"$e.
T+e &reat 'aDort"1 no do)bt1 b)t $er+a$s not a. It 8o)ld ndeed be
'atter for s)r$rse f s)c+ tranceC$+eno'ena as t+ose of /rs. P$er and
ot+er 'odern cases +ad a$$eared n t+e 8orld 8t+o)t $re2o)s $arallel.
/)c+ 'ore $robable s t t+at s'lar $+eno'ena +a2e occ)rred
s$oradcall" fro' t+e earlest t'es1alt+o)&+ 'en +a2e not +ad eno)&+ of
trann& to anal"se t+e'.
%nd1 n fact1 a'on& t+e endless descr$tons of tranceC$+eno'ena 8t+
8+c+ tra2ellers f)rns+ )s1 t+ere are 'an" 8+c+ ncl)de $onts so
concordant 8t+ o)r recent obser2atons t+at 8e cannot b)t attac+ so'e
8e&+t to concdences so 8+oll" )ndes&ned.
*
B)t alt+o)&+ t+s 'a" be
ad'tted1 I stll 'antan t+at t+e onl" n2aders of t+e or&ans' 8+o +a2e as
"et 'ade &ood t+er ttle +a2e been +)'an1 and +a2e been frendl". T+e
de2ls of Lo)d)n9 and t+e l3e +a2e1 I re$eat1 entrel" faled to s)bstantate
t+er nde$endent e#stence. T+e +&+er nfl)ences 8+c+ ns$red t+e
/art"rs of t+e Ce2ennes9 are not at t+s dstance of t'e clearl" se$arable
fro' t+e ns$ratons of &en)s. T+e teasn&1 '"stf"n& controls9 8+o'
8e +a2e enco)ntered so often n earler sta&es of 'otor a)to'ats's
(dece$t2e 8rtten 'essa&es and t+e l3e) are $er+a$s t+e 'ost $)NNln&.
T+e" s)&&estnor can 8e absol)tel" ds$ro2e t+e s)&&estona t"$e of
ntell&ences nferor to +)'an1an'alCl3e1 and $er+a$s $arastc. B)t 8e
+a2e seen alread" t+at for t+ese cases too a s'$ler e#$lanaton s
fort+co'n&. T+ere s not+n& n t+e 'ere fact of t+e teasn& anno"ance to
ne&at2e t+e s)$$oston t+at t+ese controls are also fra&'ents8e 'a" +ii,
HPG- call t+e' s$lntersof t+e 'an5s o8n s$lt $ersonalt". -s 8ll and
c+aracter 'a" d2de )$ n 'anfestaton D)st as +s ntellect 'a" do.
91+ . T+)s far1 t+en1 o)r feld s clear1 and 8t+ t+s clearance1 I t+n31
s+o)ld 2ans+ t+e so'e8+at &r' assocatons 8+c+ +a2e &at+ered aro)nd
t+e 8ord possession. In 8+at s no8 to be descrbed t+ere 'a" often be
ca)se for $er$le#t"1 b)t I +a2e ne2er seen ca)se for fear. !a"1 +o8 far
re'ote fro' fear s t+e res)ltant feeln&1 t+e seE)el 8ll s+o8.
%ss)'n& t+en1 as I t+n3 8e at $resent 'a" ass)'e1 t+at 8e +a2e to
deal onl" 8t+ s$rts 8+o +a2e been 'en l3e o)rsel2es1 and 8+o are stll
an'ated b" ')c+ t+e sa'e 'ot2es as t+ose 8+c+ nfl)ence )s1 8e 'a"
brefl" consder1 on s'lar analo&cal &ro)nds1 8+at ran&e of s$rts are
l3el" to be able to affect )s1 and 8+at dffc)ltes t+e" are l3el" to fnd n
don& so. Of co)rse1 act)al e#$erence alone can decde t+sG b)t
ne2ert+eless o)r e#$ectatons 'a" be )sef)ll" 'odfed f 8e reflect
before+and +o8 far s)c+ c+an&es of $ersonalt" as 8e alread" 3no8 can
s)&&est to )s t+e l'ts of t+ese $rofo)nder s)bstt)tons.
6+at1 to be&n 8t+1 do 8e fnd to be t+e case as to addton of fac)lt" n
alternatn& statesW -o8 far do s)c+ c+an&es brn& 8t+ t+e' )nfa'lar
$o8ersW
Reference to t+e recorded cases 8ll s+o8 )s t+at e#stn& fac)lt" 'a"
be &reatl" E)c3ened and e#alted. T+ere 'a" be an ncrease bot+ n act)al
$erce$ton and n $o8er of re'e'bern& or re$rod)cn& 8+at +as once been
$erce2ed. T+ere 'a" be ncreased control o2er ')sc)lar acton1as
s+o8n1 for nstance1 n '$ro2ed bllardC$la"n&1n t+e secondar" state.
B)t t+ere s lttle e2dence of t+e acE)stontele$at+" a$artof an"
act)al 'ass of fres+ 3no8led&e1s)c+ as a ne8 lan&)a&e1 or a sta&e of
'at+e'atcal 3no8led&e )nreac+ed before. 6e s+all not t+erefore be
D)stfed b" analo&" n e#$ectn& t+at an e#ternal s$rt controlln& an
or&ans' 8ll be able easl" to 'odf" t n s)c+ a 8a" as to $rod)ce s$eec+
n a lan&)a&e $re2o)sl" )n3no8n. T+e bran s )sed as so'et+n& bet8een
a t"$e8rter and a calc)latn& 'ac+ne. Ger'an 8ords1 for nstance1 are not
'ere co'bnatons of letters1 b)t s$ecfc for')laeG t+e" can onl" seldo'
and 8t+ &reat dffc)lt" be &ot o)t of a 'ac+ne 8+c+ +as not been
$re2o)sl" fas+oned for t+er $rod)cton.
91, . Consder1 a&an1 t+e analo&es as to memory. In t+e case of
alternatons of $ersonalt"1 'e'or" fals and c+an&es n 8+at see's a E)te
ca$rco)s 8a". T+e &a$s 8+c+ t+en occ)r recall (as I +a2e sad) t+e
ecmnesi or blan3 )nrecollected s$aces 8+c+ follo8 )$on accdents to t+e
+ead1 or )$on crses of fe2er1 8+en all 'e'ores t+at belon& to a $artc)lar
$erson or to a $artc)lar $erod of lfe are clean 8$ed o)t1 ot+er 'e'ores
re'ann& ntact. Co'$are1 a&an1 t+e 'e'or" of 8a3n& lfe 8+c+ 8e
retan n dream. T+s too s absol)tel" ca$rco)sG I 'a" for&et '" o8n
na'e n a drea'1 and "et re'e'ber $erfectl" t+e 3nd of c+ars n '"
dnn&Croo'. Or I 'a" re'e'ber t+e c+ars1 +ii,HPH- b)t locate t+e' n
so'e one else5s +o)se. !o one can $redct t+e 3nd of conf)son 8+c+ 'a"
occ)r.
91' . 6e +a2e also t+e $arallel of somnambuic utterance. In tal3n&
8t+ a so'na'b)lst1 be t+e so'na'b)ls' nat)ral or nd)ced1 8e fnd t
+ard to &et nto contn)o)s colloE)" on o)r o8n s)bDects. To be&n 8t+1 +e
$robabl" 8ll not s$ea3 contn)o)sl" for lon& to&et+er. -e dro$s bac3 nto a
state n 8+c+ +e cannot e#$ress +'self at all. %nd 8+en +e does tal31 +e s
a$t to tal3 onl" on +s o8n s)bDectsGto follo8 o)t +s o8n tran of deas1
nterr)$ted rat+er t+an nfl)enced b" 8+at #e sa" to him. T+e dfference
of state bet8een 8a3n& and slee$ s n 'an" 8a"s +ard to brd&e o2er.
6e +a2e t+)s t+ree $arallels's 8+c+ 'a" &)de and l't o)r
e#$ectatons. 4ro' t+e $arallels' of $ossesson 8t+ s$lt $ersonaltes 8e
'a" nfer t+at a $ossessn& s$rt s not l3el" to be able to ns$re nto t+e
rec$ent bran deas or 8ords of 2er" )nfa'lar t"$e. 4ro' t+e $arallels'
of $ossesson 8t+ drea' 8e 'a" nfer t+at t+e 'e'or" of t+e $ossessn&
s$rt 'a" be s)bDect to stran&e o'ssons and conf)sons. 4ro' t+e
$arallels' 8t+ so'na'b)ls' 8e 'a" nfer t+at colloE)" bet8een a
+)'an obser2er and t+e $ossessn& s$rt s not l3el" to be f)ll or free1 b)t
rat+er to be +a'$ered b" dfference of state1 and abbre2ated b" t+e
dffc)lt" of 'antann& $s"c+cal contact for lon& to&et+er.
91* . %nd +ere obser2e +o8 dfferent s t+e for' o)r e#$ectatons 8ll
&rad)all" ass)'e fro' t+e co''on$laceor e2en fro' t+e $oetcnoton
of 8+at co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e dead s l3el" to be1 f t can ta3e $lace at
all. 6e no8 e#$ect to +a2e to do1 not 8t+ a 2oce 'onotono)s and +ollo8
l3e a &+ost5s1 deno)ncn& D)d&'ent9b)t rat+er 8t+ a 2oce nco+erent
and f)&t2e1 l3e t+e 2oce of a slee$erG8t+ 'e'ores bro3en and
arbtrar"1 l3e t+e 'e'ores of a drea'.
%nd s'larl" as to 8+at t+e 2oce s to tell )s. 6e +a2e no reason for
antc$atn& et+er D)d&'ent9 or +&+ re2elaton. 6e feel $rett" s)re1
ndeed1 t+at t+ere 8ll be no deas e#$ressed 8+c+ ')c+ transcend t+e
a)to'atst5s +abt)al ran&e. %nd1 'oreo2er1 on t+e $rnc$le of continuity
8+c+ +as &)ded )s t+ro)&+o)t t+s 8or31 8e cannot ass)'e t+at t+e
de$arted s$rt +as alread" &aned an" 2ast ncre'ent of 3no8led&e.
6+ate2er +s ne8 o$$ort)ntes1 8e feel t+at +s o8n ca$act" for
learnn& 'a" not +a2e )nder&one an" s)dden c+an&e. 6e can +ardl" at frst
e#$ect fro' +' ')c+ 'ore t+an so'e s)c+ acco)nt of +s ne8 state as
'a" be ntell&ble to o)r 'ateral conce$tons.
T+s1 I sa"1 s 8+at 8e 8+o are $re$ared b" t+ese $re2o)s st)des are
l3el" to e#$ect. %nd I s+all $resentl" s+o8 t+at t+s s 2er" ')c+ 8+at 8e
act)all" fnd. T+e e#$ectatons of t+e ordnar" $)blc1 +o8e2er1 as seen bot+
n fcton1 and n t+e dsa$$onted co''ents 8t+ 8+c+ o)r act)al res)lts
are &reeted1 are of 2er" dfferent sco$e.
+ii,HPI-
91) . T+ere are t+ree stron& c)rrents of e#$ectaton of 8+c+ 8e fnd
constant traces1 b)t 8t+ 8+c+ t+e $+eno'ena do not co'$l". T+e fal)re
of co'$lance1 ndeed1 leads to ndfference or e2en to rdc)le.
(*.) T+ere s t+e orthodo0 or traditiona lne of e#$ectaton. T+s leads
$eo$le to e#$ect an ''edate 2son of 7es)s C+rst1 or of an&els or de2lsG
or so'e 'ar3ed and defnte d2son of &ood and e2l so)lsGor at least
so'e fores&+t of t+e Last 7)d&'ent. T+ere s not1 +o8e2er1 so far as I
3no81 an" confr'aton at all1 fro' a$$artons or 'essa&es1 of an" of t+ese
antc$atons.
Per+a$s t+e 'ost str3n& $art of t+s ne&at2e e2dence s t+e absence1
n 8ellCattested cases1 of an" 'enton of e2l s$rts ot+er t+an +)'an.
*
T+e
belef n de2ls +as $la"ed an enor'o)s $art n al'ost all +)'an creeds1 and
t 8as )ndo)btedl" stron& n t+e 'nds of 'an" of t+e $ersons 8t+ 8+o'
co'')ncaton +as been +eld. :n+a$$" f&)res +a2e been seenG re&ret and
re'orse +a2e been e#$ressed. B)t of e2l s$rts ot+er t+an +)'an t+ere s
no ne8s 8+ate2er.
-ere s a defnte case n 8+c+ I 2ent)re to +o$e t+at t+eolo&cal do&'a
8ll be nsensbl" 'odfed b" fres+ nfor'aton1 and t+at an error 8+c+
+as ca)sed ')c+ 'ser" 8ll cease to tro)ble 'an3nd.
(..) T+e stran of reigious antc$aton 'er&es &rad)all" nto 8+at I
+a2e called t+e romantic. /en are te'$ted to t+n3 t+at t+e a$$arton or
'essa&e of a de$arted frend s a s$ecal $r2le&eGdrectl" &ranted b"
Pro2dence1 or 8on n so'e 8a" b" stren&t+ of affecton. In act)al
e#$erence 8e fnd t+at alt+o)&+ affecton 'a" +el$ b" ns$rn& t+e #ish to
co'')ncate1 t+e po#er s so'et+n& E)te nde$endent of affectonG
so'et+n& 8+c+ lo2e 'a" lac3 and ndfference $ossess. !a"1 t s b" no
'eans certan t+at an" act of #i need be n2ol2ed n t+e a$$arton1 8+c+
'a" 2er" $robabl" occ)r n a)to'atc fas+on.
T+s +as been 'ade a s)bDect of rdc)le1as t+o)&+ t 8ere a
'eann&less t+n& t+at B s+o)ld a$$ear to % 8+o cares not+n& abo)t +'.
Of co)rseCt+e 'eann& belon&s to t+e real' of scence1 not of ro'ance.
(;.) %&an1 t+ere see's to be a co''on noton t+at 'essa&es fro' t+e
ne#t 8orld o)&+t to s)bser2e so'e $ractcal $)r$ose n this. In fact1 s)c+ a
res)lt seldo' occ)rsJ and ts absence +as been a freE)ent &ro)nd for
do)btn& or derdn& t+e 'essa&e. Yet t+e coarseness of s)c+ a 2e8 +ardl"
needs e#$oston.
919 . T+e fore&on& re'ar3s 'a"1 I +o$e1 +a2e $re$ared t+e reader to
consder t+e $roble's of $ossesson 8t+ t+e sa'e o$enC'ndedness 8+c+
+as been needed for t+e st)d" of $re2o)s $roble's attac3ed n t+e $resent
8or3. I +a2e s+o8n ndeed t+at t+s ne8 $roble' 'a" be re&arded as t+e
nat)ral seE)ence or de2elo$'ent of t+e old. I +a2e s+o8n t+at n t+e
'o2e'ents or )tterances of t+e $ossessed or&ans' 8e +a2e motor
automatism carred to ts f)rt+est sta&eG t+at n t+e nc)rson +ii,HPJ- of t+e
$ossessn& s$rt 8e +a2e teepathic invasion ac+e2n& ts co'$letest
2ctor". %nd I +a2e )ttered1 too1 an ntal 8arnn& a&anst certan
'sconce$tons 8+c+ +a2e n $ast t'e deterred 'en fro' sero)s st)d" of
t+e 'essa&es rece2ed t+ro)&+ s)c+ c+annels.
It s t'e1 t+en1 to $roceed to t+e act)al e2dence1 to detal t+e 2aro)s
$roofs 8+c+ 8e +a2e as "et collected to s+o8 t+at s)c+ $ossesson +as n
fact occ)rred. 6+en t+s s+all +a2e been done1 8e ')st a&an loo3 ro)nd
)sGand 8e s+all fnd t+at n descrbn& t+s co'$lete or 'ed)'stc9
for' of trance1 8e +a2e o$ened )$ analo&es 8t+ ot+er for's of trance
also1 8+c+ 8ll be dscerned as ele'ents n a contn)o)s and ')t)all"
corroborat2e c+an of $s"c+olo&cal facts.
9(0 . Yet t+ere ')st needs be one 'ore dela". T+ere s anot+er as$ect of
$ossesson 8+c+ ')st be e#$laned before 8e can &o f)rt+erGn2ol2n& a
&ro)$ of $+eno'ena 8+c+ +a2e n 2aro)s 8a"s done ')c+ to conf)se and
e2en to retard o)r 'an nE)r"1 b)t 8+c+1 8+en $ro$erl" $laced and
)nderstood1 are seen to for' an ne2table $art of an" sc+e'e 8+c+ str2es
to dsco2er t+e nfl)ence of )nseen a&ences n t+e 8orld 8e 3no8.
In o)r dsc)sson of all tele$at+c and ot+er s)$ernor'al nfl)ence I
+a2e t+)s far re&arded t 'anl" fro' t+e $s"c+olo&cal and not fro' t+e
$+"scal sde. I +a2e s$o3en as t+o)&+ t+e feld of s)$ernor'al acton +as
been al8a"s t+e 'etet+eral 8orld. Yet tr)e as t+s dct)' 'a" be n ts
dee$est sense1 t cannot re$resent t+e #hoe tr)t+ for ben&s s)c+ as 8e are1
n a 8orld l3e t+e $resent.9 4or )s e2er" $s"c+olo&cal fact +as (so far as
8e 3no8) a $+"scal sdeG and 'etet+eral e2ents1 to be $erce$tble to )s1
')st so'e+o8 affect t+e 8orld of 'atter.
In sensor" and 'otor a)to'ats's1 t+en1 8e see effects1 s)$ernor'all"
ntated1 )$on t+e 8orld of 'atter.
(mprimis, of co)rse1 and n ordnar" lfe o)r o8n s$rts (t+er e#stence
once &ranted) affect o)r o8n bodes and are o)r standn& e#a'$les of s$rt
affectn& 'atter. !e#t1 f a 'an rece2es a tele$at+c '$act fro' anot+er
ncarnate s$rt 8+c+ ca)ses +' to see a $+antas'al f&)re1 t+at 'an5s
bran +as1 8e 'a" s)$$ose1 been drectl" affected b" +s o8n s$rt rat+er
t+an b" t+e s$rt of t+e dstant frend. B)t t 'a" not al8a"s be tr)e e2en n
t+e case of sensor" a)to'ats's t+at t+e dstant s$rt +as 'ade a s)&&eston
'erel" to t+e $erc$ent5s s$rt 8+c+ t+e $erc$ent5s o8n s$rt carres o)tG
and n 'otor a)to'ats's1 as t+e" de2elo$ nto possession, t+ere are
ndcatons1 as I +a2e alread" $onted o)t1 t+at t+e nfl)ence of t+e a&ent5s
s$rt s teergic rat+er t+an tele$at+c1 and t+at 8e +a2e e#traneo)s s$rts
nfl)encn& t+e +)'an bran or or&ans'. T+at s to sa"1 t+e" are $rod)cn&
'o2e'ents n 'atterG e2en t+o)&+ t+at 'atter be or&ansed 'atter and
t+ose 'o2e'ents 'olec)lar1
9(1 . (o soon as t+s fact s &ras$ed1and t +as not al8a"s been
&ras$ed b" t+ose 8+o +a2e str2en to establs+ a f)nda'ental dfference +ii,
HPK- bet8een s$rt)al nfl)ence on o)r s$rts and s$rt)al nfl)ence on t+e
'ateral 8orld18e s+all nat)rall" be $ro'$ted to nE)re 8+et+er
nor&anc 'atter as 8ell as or&anc e2er s+o8s t+e a&enc" of e#traneo)s
s$rts )$on t. T+e re$l" 8+c+ frst s)&&ests tself s1 of co)rse1 n t+e
ne&at2e. 6e are constantl" dealn& 8t+ nor&anc 'atter1 and no
+"$ot+ess of s$rt)al nfl)ence e#erted on s)c+ 'atter s needed to e#$lan
o)r e#$er'ents. B)t t+s s a ro)&+ &eneral state'ent1 +ardl" l3el" to co2er
$+eno'ena so rare and f)&t2e as 'an" of t+ose 8t+ 8+c+ n t+s nE)r"
8e deal. Let )s be&n1 so to sa"1 at t+e ot+er end/ not 8t+ t+e broad
e#$erence of lfe1 b)t 8t+ t+e delcate and e#ce$tonal cases of possession
of 8+c+ 8e +a2e latel" been s$ea3n&.
()$$ose t+at a dscarnate s$rt1 n te'$orar" $ossesson of a l2n&
or&ans'1 s '$elln& t to 'otor a)to'ats's. Can 8e sa" a priori 8+at
t+e l'ts of s)c+ a)to'atc 'o2e'ents of t+at or&ans' are l3el" to be1 n
t+e sa'e 8a" as 8e can sa" 8+at t+e l'ts of an" of ts 2ol)ntar"
'o2e'ents are l3el" to beW /a" not t+s e#traneo)s s$rt &et 'ore 'otor
$o8er o)t of t+e or&ans' t+an t+e 8a3n& 'an +'self can &et o)t of tW It
8o)ld not s)r$rse )s1 for e#a'$le1 f t+e 'o2e'ents n trance s+o8ed
ncreased concentration/ f a d"na'o'eter (for nstance) 8as 'ore forcbl"
sE)eeNed b" t+e s$rt actn& t+ro)&+ t+e 'an t+an b" t+e 'an +'self. Is
t+ere an" ot+er 8a" n 8+c+ one 8o)ld 'a&ne t+at a s$rt $ossessn& 'e
co)ld )se '" 2tal force 'ore s3lf)ll" t+an I co)ld )se t '"selfW
I do not 3no8 +o8 '" 8ll 'o2es '" ar'G b)t I 3no8 b" e#$erence
t+at '" 8ll &enerall" 'o2es onl" '" ar' and 8+at '" ar' can to)c+G
8+ate2er obDects are act)all" n contact 8t+ t+e $roto$las'c s3eleton9
8+c+ re$resents t+e lfe of '" or&ans'. Yet I can so'et'es 'o2e obDects
not n act)al contact1 as b" 'eltn& t+e' 8t+ t+e +eat or (n t+e dr" ar of
Colorado) 3ndln& t+e' 8t+ t+e electrct"1 8+c+ '" fn&ers e't. I see
no 2er" defnte l't to t+s $o8er. I do not 3no8 all t+e for's of ener&"
8+c+ '" fn&ers '&+t1 )nder s)table trann&1 e't.
9(( . %nd no8 s)$$ose t+at a $ossessn& s$rt can )se '" or&ans'
'ore s3lf)ll" t+an I can. /a" +e not 'ana&e to e't fro' t+at or&ans'
so'e ener&" 8+c+ can 2sbl" 'o2e $onderable obDects not act)all" n
contact 8t+ '" fles+W T+at 8o)ld be a $+eno'enon of $ossesson not 2er"
)nl3e ts ot+er $+eno'enaGand t 8o)ld be teeBinesis.
B" t+at 8ord (d)e to /. %3sa3off) t s con2enent to descrbe 8+at
+a2e been called t+e $+"scal $+eno'ena of s$rt)als'19 as to 8+ose
e#stence as a realt"1 and not as a s"ste' of fra)d)lent $retences1 ferce
contro2ers" +as ra&ed for +alf a cent)r"1 and s stll ra&n&.
/" o8n 'et+od of dealn& 8t+ t+s t+orn" s)bDect n t+s boo3 8ll be
as follo8sJI +a2e frst ndcated1 n t+e $a&es D)st $recedn&1 t+at
tele3netc $+eno'ena can be ftted1 8t+ no 'anfest llo&calt"1 nto t+at
conce$ton of possession 8+c+ for's t+e 'ost ad2anced $ont to +ii,HPL-
8+c+ o)r e2dence leads )s. I s+all ne#t feel bo)nd to )tter an earnest
8arnn& a&anst t+e fra)d and foll" 8+c+ +a2e &at+ered 8t+ e#ce$tonal
t+c3ness ro)nd t+s s$ecal &ro)$ of $+eno'ena. I s+all t+en refer to certan
$+eno'ena of tele3ness1 n cases 8+ere t+e" are ne#trcabl" '#ed )$
8t+ t+e $s"c+olo&cal $+eno'ena 8+c+ I consder as '" 'ore es$ecal
feld. %nd fnall"1 n a lon& %$$end# . 9(' A /1 I s+all set fort+ a (c+e'e
of Vtal 4ac)lt"9 8+c+ 8ll s)&&est so'e $ossble $arallels bet8een t+e
o$eratons of t+e s)$ral'nal self1 t+e s)bl'nal self1 and t+e $ossessn&
s$rt.
9(3 . %lon& t+s lne1 as I bele2e1 8e reac+ '$ortant tr)t+sGand
tr)t+s entrel" concordant 8t+ t+e $s"c+olo&cal e2dence of $recedn&
c+a$ters. %nd "et t s 8t+ a +alfCrel)ctant feeln& t+at I ad't t+e to$c nto
t+s 8or3. (o sorel" needed +ere s t+e 8ord of 8arnn& of 8+c+ I +a2e
s$o3enGso +)'latn& s t+e confesson 8+c+ ')st be 'ade of t+e fra)d
and foll" 8+c+ +a2e 'ade of s$rt)als' a 3nd of b"C8ord n scentfc
crclesG8+c+ +a2e $resented t+e 2er" 'en 8+o +a2e obtaned t+e frst
n3ln& of 'o'ento)s tr)t+s n t+e &)se of a cred)lo)s sect1 $re"ed )$on b"
a s$ecall" re$)ls2e &ro)$ of '$ostors. T+e fact s1 t+at D)st +ere1 and not
earler1 8e reac+ t+e $onts 8+ere t+e enor'o)s ss)es1 8+c+ +a2e n tr)t+
)nderlan eac+ sta&e and ste$ n o)r lon& nE)r"1 beco'e cons$c)o)s to
t+e ordnar" 'nd. 6e so'e8+at s)ddenl" $ass fro' s$ec)latons and
e#$er'ents on 8+c+ t+e $)blc loo3 8t+ t+e ndfference 8+c+ t+e" feel
for $+loso$+" to s$ec)latons and e#$er'ents on 8+c+ t+e" loo3 8t+ t+e
nterest 8+c+ t+e" feel n t+e rel&o)s do&'as 8+c+ are to decde t+er
o8n f)t)re. I do not sa" t+at t+e $)blc nterested +as been a 2er" 8de one.
It +as ndeed been 8de eno)&+1 as I +a2e sad1 to foster and s)$$ort a
$artc)larl" detestable &ro)$ of c+arlatansG b)t t +as not been 8de eno)&+1
or earnest eno)&+1 to co'$le an" consderable 'ass of caref)l e#$er'ent.
I conDect)red n a $re2o)s c+a$ter t+at not a +)ndred 'en1 at t+e ordnar"
$rofessonal le2el1 +ad )$ tll no8 'ade t+e st)d" of t+e $+eno'ena of
+"$nots' t+e 'an ntellect)al b)sness of t+er l2es. If for +"$nots' 8e
s)bstt)te t+ese $+eno'ena of s$rt)als'9 t+e lst of sero)s st)dents
'&+t $robabl" be red)ced to fft".
It s 8ell to $ont o)t t+e scantness of effcent n2est&ators of t+ese
$roble's1 n 2e8 of t+e obDecton often 'ade to t+e lac3 of $ro&ress n t+e
dffc)lt tas3. O)tsde so'e co'$arat2el" s'all &ro)$ t+e n)'ber of
s$rtsts rat+er rese'ble t+at ')ltt)de of ndscr'nate &2ers 8+o1 n t+e
da"s of +a$+aNard c+art"1 enco)ra&ed '$ostors1 and bro)&+t $+lant+ro$"
nto conte'$t.
Confronted 8t+ t+ese e2ls1 t+e earl" 'e'bers of t+e C+art"
Or&ansaton (ocet" +ad a $anf)l and n2do)s tas3 to $erfor'. T+e" +ad
to re$ress 8+ere t+e" 8o)ld fan +a2e st')latedG to act as detect2es 8+ere
t+e" 8o)ld fan +a2e acted as benefactorsG to $ass D)d&'ent on 'en 8+ose
c+artable '$)lses 8ere as $)re and ardent as t+er o8n. +ii,HPM- Onl"
t+ro)&+ t+e see'n& sternness of s)c+ trann& co)ld t+e $)blc learn to +el$
t+e 'serable 8t+o)t fostern& t+e '$ostors.
T+e $arallel at 8+c+ I a' $ontn& +ere s ob2o)s eno)&+G b)t n t+e
real' of $s"c+cal researc+as ndeed n t+e real' of al's&2n&t+at
needed lesson +as as "et been 2er" '$erfectl" acE)red. I $ro$ose to
ndcate n %$$endces .9(3 A and B ) so'e of t+e 8or3 8+c+ t+e (ocet"
for Ps"c+cal Researc+ +as done n e#$osn& and &)ardn& a&anst fra)d and
cred)lt"G and I f)rt+er refer '" readers to a fort+co'n& boo3 b" '" frend
and collea&)e1 /r. Pod'ore1 n 8+c+ t+e '$ost)re 8+c+ +as do&&ed soC
called /odern ($rt)als'9 fro' ts nce$ton 8ll be e#$osed 8t+ a
dstnctness 8+c+ needs ')st be sal)tar"Ge2en t+o)&+ n a +stor" so
co'$le# t be al8a"s $ossble t+at 'ore nt'ate 3no8led&e '&+t +a2e
'odfed D)d&'ent on one or ot+er detal.
*
9(+ . T+s sero)s 8arnn& &2en1 I 'a" $)rs)e '" tas3 of descrbn&
t+at 'ost nterestn& of s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena 8+c+ 8e ter' PossessonG
a $+eno'enon to 8+c+ t+e tele3ness 8+c+ +as often acco'$aned t
lends an addtonal ele'ent of attract2e '"ster". It +as1 of co)rse1 been t+at
nterest1 t+at '"ster"1 8+c+ +as attracted t+e fra)d)lent 'tatons of 8+c+
I +a2e s$o3enGand 8+c+ t 8o)ld not +a2e been 8ort+ 8+le to contr2e
e#ce$t for so'e $+eno'ena t+)s stron&l" 'anfestn& s$rt)al $resence and
s$rt)al $o8er.
T+s $ersstent s')laton of tele3ness +as1 nat)rall" eno)&+1 ns$red
$ersstent do)bt as to ts &en)ne occ)rrence e2en n cases 8+ere s')laton
+as been caref)ll" &)arded a&anst1 or s antecedentl" '$robable. I'$ortant
t+o)&+ t+e $+eno'enon s1 t s not so nt'atel" ln3ed 8t+ '" o8n
&eneral t+ess n t+s 8or3 as to render t needf)l for 'e to re2e8 ts 8+ole
+stor" n detal. I deal 8t+ t onl" 8+ere t co'es ''edatel" before 'e
as an ele'ent n s$rtC$ossessonGes$ecall" notceable n t+e t8o
'$ortant cases of ,. ,. -o'e and of 6. (tanton /oses.
%nd reco&nsn&1 as I do1 t+at tele3nessl3e t+e s'$ler 'otor
a)to'ats's of 8+c+ t for's t+e e#tre'e ter'reac+es n cases of
$ossesson ts 'a#')' ntenst"1 I feel bo)nd (f t 8ere onl" for t+e sa3e
of analo&cal co'$leteness) to s+o8 t+at1 l3e ot+er 'otor a)to'ats's1
tele3ness +as a$$eared occasonall" at earler sta&es1 alt+o)&+ needn& t+e
free $la" of a $ossessed or&ans' to de2elo$ tself to t+e f)ll.
9(, . It s not1 ndeed1 necessar" to s)$$ose t+at all tele3ness s d)e to
s$rt)al acton. Rat+er 8e 'a" be&n b" re&ardn& t as a for' of 'otor
a)to'ats'1 ntated b" t+e s)bl'nal self. I bele2e t+at t+ere s
so'et'es an ele'ent of tele3ness n s)c+ co''on $+eno'ena as tableC
tltn& and a)to'atc 8rtn& 8t+ $lanc+ette or e2en 8t+ $encl (e.g. n /r.
6ed&8ood5s and /rs. !e8n+a'5s e#$er'ents1 see )'1 , )'( , and )+9 A ).
+ii,HPN-
6e cannot1 of co)rse1 e#$ect t+at an" s)c+ sl&+t and obsc)re ad'#t)re
of tele3ness can be sfted o)t fro' an act of 'otor a)to'ats' n an"
e2dental for'. B)t fro' '" $ont of 2e8 t+s 3nd of e2dental dffc)lt"
s $rett" s)re to occ)r1 fro' t+e 2er" nat)re of t+e s)$ernor'al 'o2e'ent.
If t+at 'o2e'ent co)ld be started 8t+ eE)al ease fro' an" &2en $ont n
s$ace1 and n an" drecton1 8e '&+t farl" e#$ect t+at s)c+ $onts 8o)ld
be c+osen1 and s)c+ 'o2e'ents $erfor'ed1 as &a2e t+e best e2dence of t+e
'o2e'ent5s nde$endence of ordnar" +)'an a&enc". B)t t+e tele3netc
force1 n '" 2e81 s &enerall" (I do not sa" al8a"s) a 'ere e#tenson to a
s+ort dstance fro' t+e senst2e5s or&ans' of a s'all $art of +s ordnar"
')sc)lar $o8er. It e2en see's to tend to simuate t+at ordnar" actonG
')c+ as ot+er s)$ernor'al e#ercses of fac)lt" follo81 so far as t+e" can1
t+e 'odes n 8+c+ nor'al fac)lt" o$erates.
(o &rad)al1 so ncons$c)o)s1 are t+e be&nnn&s of tele3nessG8+c+
$resentl" de2elo$1 no do)bt1 nto so'et+n& 8+c+ 8e can no lon&er ascrbe
to an" +"$erbo)lc act2tes of t+e s)bl'nal self. It de2elo$s1 ndeed1 n
t8o drectons1nto messages and nto marves. Gen)ne raps, or
$erc)ss2e so)nds1 are rare (see 9(, A)1 nor s t $ossble b" 'ere
descr$ton of t+e noses to $ro2e t+er &en)neness n an" &2en case1
)n'sta3able and n'table t+o)&+ t+e" are 8+en act)all" heard. B)t 8t+
one senst2e 3no8n nt'atel" to 'e1t+e lad" descrbed as /ss %. (see
),9)1ra$s +a2e occ)rred (as I 3no8 bot+ b" act)all" +earn& t+e' and b"
ab)ndant attestaton) as a 'eans of attractn& attenton )nder 'an"
crc)'stances1 and of con2e"n& ad2ce and nfor'aton of all 3ndsGfro'
s)c+ dcta as s)bl'nal $erce$ton '&+t f)rns+ )$ to e2dental 'essa&es
ascrbed to deceased $ersons.
/d8a" bet8een t+e ra$s 8+c+ s$ell o)t messages and t+e s+eer
marves 8+c+ 'a" be $erfor'ed to s+o8 s$rtC$o8er9 co'e t+e 2aro)s
ds$lace'ents of obDects1 &c.1 8+c+ are attested as concdn& (l3e
2erdcal $+antas's) 8t+ 'o'ents of deat+ or crss (see e.g. case III. n
*1' C)1or 'erel" as testf"n& to presences,as of a dear frend recentl"
dead.
9(' . T+)s ')c+ t 8as needf)l to sa" n order to 'a3e certan cases of
$ossesson soon to be cted ntell&ble to t+e reader1 b)t I s+o)ld not +a2e
deferred '" 'enton of tele3ness to t+s $ont n '" boo3 +ad I ntended
to deal 8t+ t+ese $+"scal $+eno'ena as f)ll" as 8t+ t+e $s"c+cal
$+eno'ena 8+c+ I endea2o)r to e#$o)nd and n so'e 'eas)re to connect
and correlate.
6+le bele2n& absol)tel" n t+e occ)rrence of tele3netc $+eno'ena1 I
"et +old t+at t 8o)ld be $re'at)re to $ress t+e' )$on '" reader5s belef1 or
to ntrod)ce t+e' as an nte&ral $art of '" &eneral e#$ostor" sc+e'e. 4ro'
one $ont of 2e81 t+er detaled establs+'ent1 as a&anst t+e t+eor" of
fra)d1 de'ands an e#$ert 3no8led&e of conD)rn& and ot+er arts 8+c+ I
cannot cla' to $ossess. 4ro' anot+er $ont of +ii,HPO- 2e81 t+er r&+t
co'$re+enson ')st de$end )$on a 3no8led&e of t+e relatons bet8een
'atter and et+er s)c+ as s no8 onl" d'l" ad)'brated b" t+e 'ost recent
dsco2eresGfor nstance1 dsco2eres as to $re2o)sl" )ns)s$ected for's
of radaton.
In a lon& %$$end#1 2N.1 (c+e'e of Vtal 4ac)lt"9 . 9(' A /
or&nall" 8rtten 8t+ reference to t+e 'anfestatons t+ro)&+ /r. (tanton
/osesI +a2e tred to $re$are t+e 8a" for f)t)re nE)resG to ndcate n
8+at drectons a better eE)$$ed e#$loraton 'a" +ereafter rea$ rc+
re8ard. E2en t+at tentat2e s3etc+1 $er+a$s1 'a" +a2e been too a'bto)s
for '" $o8ers n t+e $resent state not onl" of '" o8n1 b)t of +)'an
3no8led&eG and n t+e te#t of t+s c+a$ter I s+all all)de to tele3netc
$+eno'ena onl" 8+ere )na2odable1o8n& to t+er n'#t)re nto
$+eno'ena 'ore drectl" $s"c+olo&cal1and n t+e tone of t+e +storan
rat+er t+an of t+e scentfc crtc. %s a 'atter of +stor" I s+all &2e n 9('
B references to t+e best e#tant acco)nts of tele3netc $+eno'ena.
* * * * * *
*
9(* . T+e 8a" +as no8 been so far cleared for o)r cases of Possesson
t+at at least t+e $rnc$al $+eno'ena cla'ed +a2e been (I +o$e) 'ade
ntell&ble1 and s+o8n to be concordant 8t+ ot+er $+eno'ena alread"
descrbed and attested. It 8ll be best1 +o8e2er1 to consder frst so'e of t+e
'ore r)d'entar" cases before &on& on to o)r o8n s$ecal nstances of
$ossesson1t+ose of /r. (tanton /oses or /rs. P$er.
I +a2e reason to bele2e1 bot+ fro' 8+at I +a2e 8tnessed '"self and
fro' t+e re$orts of ot+ers1 t+at occasonal $+eno'ena of ecstas" or
$ossesson are not nfreE)ent n so'e fa'l" crcles or &ro)$s of nt'ate
frends (see1 e.&.1 t+e case of /r. O. n 9(* A).
T+e $ersons concerned1 +o8e2er1 &enerall" do not realse t+e
'$ortance of acc)rate recordsG n so'e cases t+e 'anfestatons are
s$oradc n c+aracter and scarcel" s)sce$tble of an" detaled n2est&atonG
and often t+e 2er" occ)rrence of t+e $+eno'ena +as been sed)lo)sl"
concealed fro' all o)tsde t+e crcle. (o'et'es t+e sacredness of t+e
'anfestatons +as been $leaded as a s)ffcent reason for t+er conceal'ent1
or t+e tendenc" to trance on t+e $art of t+e senst2e9 +as been re&arded as
a cala't"1 to be c+ec3ed and $ro+bted as t+o)&+ t 8ere a dstressn&
dsease.
T+ere are f)rt+er occasonal cases of t+e fran3l" 'ed)'stc9 t"$e (of
8+c+ I &2e e#a'$les n 9(* B and C ). B)t t+e $roble's n2ol2ed are so
co'$lcated1 and t+e 'an E)estont+at of t+e a&enc" of dscarnate s$rts
n t+e 'atters so dffc)lt of deter'naton1 t+at no +ii,HGP- collecton of
s)c+ fra&'entar" 'ateral co)ld be of ')c+ ser2ce to )s n o)r $resent
nE)r" )nless $er+a$s to ndcate t+at t+e f)ll"Cde2elo$ed cases belon&1
after all1 to a not )nco''on t"$e.
9() . 6e +a2e alread" seen t+at t+ere s no &reat &)lf bet8een t+e
s)dden nc)rsons1 t+e ra$d 'essa&es of t+e dead1 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are
alread" fa'lar1 and nc)rsons so nt'ate1 'essa&es so $rolon&ed1 as to
la" cla' to a na'e 'ore descr$t2e t+an t+at of 'otor a)to'ats's.
%nd s'larl" no lne of absol)te se$araton can be dra8n bet8een t+e
bref $s"c+cal e0cursions $re2o)sl" descrbed1 and t+ose 'ore $rolon&ed
e#c)rsons of t+e s$rt 8+c+ I 8o)ld &ro)$ )nder t+e na'e of ecstas".
In t+e earler $art of t+s boo3 I +a2e nat)rall" d8elt rat+er on t+e
e2dence for s)$ernor'al acE)ston of 3no8led&e t+an on t+e 'et+ods of
s)c+ acE)ston1 and '" $resent dsc)sson ')st needs be restrcted to a
certan e#tent n t+e sa'e 8a". 6e ')st1 +o8e2er1 atte'$t so'e
$ro2sonal sc+e'e of classfcaton1 t+o)&+ reco&nsn& t+at t+e dffc)ltes
of nter$retaton 8+c+ I $onted o)t n C+a$ter IV. (secton +19)1 8+en
endea2o)rn& to dstn&)s+ bet8een tele$at+" and telFst+esa1 'eet )s
a&an n dealn& 8t+ $ossesson and ecstas". 6e 'a" not1 t+at s1 be able to
sa"1 as re&ards a $artc)lar 'anfestaton1 8+et+er t s an nstance of
nc$ent $ossesson1 or nc$ent ecstas"1 or e2en 8+et+er t+e or&ans' s
ben& controlled9 drectl" b" so'e e#traneo)s s$rt or b" ts o8n ncarnate
s$rt. It s fro' t+e e#tre'e cases t+at 8e for' o)r cate&ores. B)t no8 t+at
8e +a2e reac+ed so'e conce$ton of 8+at s n2ol2ed n ecstas" and
$ossesson1 8e can nter$ret so'e earler cases n t+s ne8 l&+t. ()c+
e#$erences1 for nstance1 as t+ose of /r. /a'tc+tc+ . *1+ /1 /ss Conle" .
*(1/1 /ada'e 0. . )33 /1 and /ss %. . ),9 A /1 s)&&est a close 3ns+$ to
t+e 'ore de2elo$ed cases of /r. /oses and /rs. P$er.
9(9 . In ot+er cases t 'a" be clear t+at no control of an" dscarnate
s$rt s n2ol2ed1 b)t t+ere see's to be so'et+n& l3e nc$ent $ossesson
b" t+e s)bl'nal self or ncarnate s$rt. 4ro' t+s $ont of 2e8 t+e
follo8n& ncdentrecorded1 t 8ll be obser2ed1 on t+e da" of ts
occ)rrences of )ndo)bted $s"c+olo&cal nterest. If t s not a case of
t+o)&+tCtransference fro' /ss C. to /rs. L)t+er ($ossbl" bet8een t+er
s)bl'nal sel2es d)rn& slee$)1 8e ')st ass)'e t+at a 2er" re'ar3able
recr)descence of latent 'e'or" occ)rred to t+e latter nde$endentl"1 at t+e
sa'e t'e t+at a s'lar t+o)&+ less re'ar3able re22al of 'e'or" occ)rred
to t+e for'er. B)t I ntrod)ce t+e case +ere s'$l" as s)&&est2e of t+e
'o'entar" do'naton of t+e s)bl'nal o2er t+e s)$ral'nal self. T+e
acco)nt s E)oted fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .?;. Professor L)t+er
8rtesJ
-%RT4OR,1 CO!!.1 2arch .nd, *A@..
Y/ss C. s often n '" st)d" and cons)lts '" boo3s freel"1 so t+at +er
drea' 8as not re'ar3able. T+e drea' of /rs. L. ('" 8fe) 8as also +ii,
HGG- ordnar" n c+aracter. T+e concdence n t'e of t+e drea's 'a" +a2e
been 'erel" a concdence. B)t t+at after t+ese occ)rrences /rs. L. s+o)ld
s)ddenl"1 8t+o)t t+e least $re'edtaton and 8t+o)t +estaton1 ta3e t+e
r&+t boo3 and o$en t at t+e r&+t $a&e 8t+ t+e certant" of a
so'na'b)lst1 see's to 'e stran&e.Y
T+ese e2ents too3 $lace "esterda"1 last n&+t1 and t+s 'ornn&.
4. (. L:T-ER
(Prof. /at+.1 Trnt" Colle&e).
/rs. L. and /ss C. l2e at t+e sa'e +otel and 'eet dal". /ss C. s
en&a&ed n 8rtn& an essa" )$on E'erson1 and e#$resses to /rs. L. +er
8s+ to obtan so'e $artc)lars as to E'erson5s $r2ate lfe. /rs. L. re&rets
t+at s+e +as no boo3 treatn& of t+e s)bDect. ,)rn& t+e n&+t follo8n& t+s
con2ersaton /rs. L. drea's of +andn& /ss C. a boo3 contann& an
artcle s)c+ as s desred1 and /ss C. drea's of telln& /rs. L. t+at s+e +ad
$roc)red D)st t+e nfor'aton 8+c+ s+e +ad been loo3n& for. Eac+ lad"
relates to t+e ot+er +er drea' 8+en t+e" 'eet at brea3fast t+e ne#t 'ornn&.
/rs. L. ret)rns to +er roo'1 and1 8+le certanl" not consco)sl" t+n3n& of
E'erson1 s)ddenl" fnds n +er 'nd t+e t+o)&+t1 T+ere s t+e boo3 8+c+
/ss C. needs.9 (+e &oes drectl" to a boo3case1 ta3es do8n 2ol. #2. of t+e
Century 2aga3ine, and o$ens immediatey at t+e artcle1 T+e -o'es and
-a)nts of E'erson.9 /rs. L. +ad )ndo)btedl" read t+s artcle n *A=@1 b)t
s+e +ad ne2er st)ded E'erson or +s 8or3s1 nor +ad s+e 'ade an" s$ecal
effort to assst /ss C. n +er searc+1 t+o)&+ feeln& a frend5s nterest n t+e
$ro$osed essa".
%fter rece2n& t+e boo3 and +earn& +o8 t 8as selected1 /ss C.
relates +er drea' 'ore f)ll"1 t a$$earn& t+at s+e +ad see'ed to be
standn& n front of /rs. L.5s s+el2es 8t+ a lar&e1 ll)strated boo3 n +er
+ands1 and t+at n t+e boo3 8as so'et+n& abo)t E'erson.
(tll later t s fo)nd t+at /ss C. +ad act)all" notced t+e artcle n
E)eston 8+le act)all" n t+e $oston re$rod)ced n +er drea'. T+s1
+o8e2er1 +ad +a$$ened abo)t a 'ont+ $re2o)s to t+e e2ents D)st narrated1
and before s+e +ad t+o)&+t of loo3n& )$ a)t+ortes as to E'erson1 so t+at
s+e +ad entrel" for&otten t+e occ)rrence and t+e artcle. !et+er dd s+e1 at
t+at t'e1 call /rs. L.5s attenton to t+e artcle1 or 'enton E'erson.
%ccordn& to t+e best nfor'aton attanable1 /ss C. 8as not t+n3n&
of +er essa" at t+e t'e 8+en /rs. L. felt t+e s)dden '$)lse to ta3e do8n a
certan boo3. %nd $er+a$s t s+o)ld be added t+at t+e 2ol)'e s one of a
co'$lete set of t+e Century 2aro)sl" ds$osed )$on /rs. L.5s s+el2es.
LT+s acco)nt s s&ned b" Professor L)t+er1 /rs. L.1 and /ss C.M
930 . Of s$ecal nterest are a fe8 cases 8+ere t+e act)al 'ec+ans' of
so'e bref co'')ncaton fro' t+e s$rt)al 8orld see's to s)&&est and
lead )$ to t+e 'ec+ans' 8+c+ 8e s+all after8ards descrbe et+er as
ecstas" or as $ossesson.
I &2e frst a case 8+c+ s)&&ests s)c+ 3no8led&e as 'a" be learnt n
ecstas"Gas t+o)&+ a 'essa&e +ad been co'')ncated to a slee$er d)rn&
so'e bref e#c)rson nto t+e s$rt)al 8orld18+c+ 'essa&e 8as
re'e'bered for a fe8 'o'ents1 n s"'bolc for'1 and t+en ra$dl"
for&otten1 as t+e slee$er ret)rned f)ll" nto t+e nor'al 8a3n& state. 6+at s
to be +ii,HGH- noted s t+at t+e $ersonalt" of slee$ to 8+c+ I attrb)te t+e
s$rt)al e#c)rson1 see's at frst to +a2e been controlln&9 t+e a8a3ened
or&ans'. In ot+er 8ords1 Professor T+o)let 8as $artall" entranced or
possessed b" +s o8n s$rt or s)bl'nal self.
I E)ote fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ?>;K?1 a translaton of t+e
or&nal acco)nt of t+e case n t+e Annaes des Sciences &sychiques
((e$te'berOctober *A@*).
Professor T+o)let 8rtes to Professor Rc+et as follo8sJ
Apri *=th, *A@*.
Y,)rn& t+e s)''er of *AB=1 I 8as offcall" t+e assstant1 b)t n
realt" t+e frend1 n s$te of dfference n a&e1 of /.4.1 a for'er offcer n
t+e na2"1 8+o +ad &one nto b)sness. 6e 8ere tr"n& to set on foot a&an
t+e e#$lotaton of an old s)l$+)r 'ne at R2anaNNaro1 near Vo&+era1 n
Ped'ont1 8+c+ +ad been lon& abandoned on acco)nt of a falln& n.
6e occ)$ed t+e sa'e roo's1 and o)r relatons 8ere t+ose of fat+er and
son1 or of elder and "o)n&er brot+er.Y
I 3ne8 t+at /ada'e 4.1 8+o l2ed at To)lon1 and 8t+ 8+o' I 8as
sl&+tl" acE)anted1 8o)ld soon be confned. I cannot sa" I 8as ndfferent
abo)t t+s fact1 for t concerned /.4.G b)t t certanl" ca)sed 'e no $rofo)nd
e'otonG t 8as a second c+ld1 all 8as &on& 8ell1 and /.4. 8as not
an#o)s. I '"self 8as 8ell and cal'. It s tr)e t+at a fe8 da"s before1 n
B)r&)nd"1 '" 'ot+er +ad fallen o)t of a carra&eG b)t t+e fall +ad no bad
conseE)ences1 and t+e letter 8+c+ nfor'ed 'e of t also told 'e t+ere 8as
no +ar' done.
/.4. and I sle$t n adDonn& roo's1 and as t 8as +ot 8e left t+e door
bet8een t+e' o$en. One 'ornn& I s$ran& s)ddenl" o)t of bed1 crossed '"
roo'1 entered t+at of /.4.1 and a8a3ened +' b" cr"n& o)t1 Yo) +a2e D)st
&ot a lttle &rlG t+e tele&ra' sa"sY9 :$on t+s I be&an to read t+e tele&ra'.
/.4. sat )$ and lstenedG b)t all at once I )nderstood t+at I +ad been aslee$1
and t+at conseE)entl" '" tele&ra' 8as onl" a drea'1 not to be bele2edG
and t+en1 at t+e sa'e t'e1 t+s tele&ra' 8+c+ 8as so'e+o8 n '" +and
and of 8+c+ I +ad read abo)t t+ree lnes alo)d1 8ord for 8ord1 see'ed to
8t+dra8 fro' '" e"es as f so'e one 8ere carr"n& t off o$enG t+e 8ords
dsa$$eared1 t+o)&+ t+er 'a&e stll re'anedG t+ose 8+c+ I +ad
pronounced re'aned n '" 'e'or"1 8+le t+e rest of t+e tele&ra' 8as
onl" a $orm.
I sta''ered so'et+n&G /.4. &ot )$ and led 'e nto t+e dnn&Croo'1
and 'ade 'e 8rte do8n t+e 8ords I +ad $rono)ncedG 8+en I ca'e to t+e
lnes 8+c+1 t+o)&+ t+e" +ad dsa$$eared fro' '" 'e'or"1 stll re'aned
$ct)red n '" e"e1 I re$laced t+e' b" dots1 'a3n& a sort of dra8n& of
t+e'. Re'ar3 t+at t+e tele&ra' 8as not 8rtten n co''on ter'sG t+ere
8ere abo)t s# lnes of t. and I +ad read 'ore t+an t8o of t+e'. T+en1
beco'n& a8are of o)r rat+er ncorrect cost)'e1 /.4. and I be&an to la)&+1
and 8ent bac3 to o)r beds.
T8o or t+ree da"s after I left for TorUeG I tred n 2an to re'e'ber t+e
rest of t+e tele&ra'G I 8ent on to T)rn1 and e&+t or ten da"s after '"
drea' I rece2ed t+e follo8n& tele&ra' fro' /.4.1 Co'e drectl"1 "o)
8ere r&+t.9 I ret)rned to R2anaNNaro and /.4. s+o8ed 'e a tele&ra'
8+c+ +e +ad rece2ed t+e e2enn& beforeG I reco&nsed t as t+e one I +ad
seen n '" drea'G t+e be&nnn& 8as e#actl" 8+at I +ad 8rtten1 and t+e
end1 8+c+ 8as e#actl" l3e '" dra8n&1 enabled 'e to read again t+e
8ords 8+c+ I sa8 again. +ii,HGI- Please re'ar3 t+at t+e confne'ent +ad
ta3en $lace t+e e2enn& before1 and t+erefore t+e fact 8as not t+at I1 ben& n
Ital"1 +ad seen a tele&ra' 8+c+ alread" e#sted n 4rancet+s I '&+t
8t+ so'e dffc)lt" +a2e )nderstoodb)t t+at I +ad seen t ten da"s before
t e#sted or co)ld +a2e e#stedG snce t+e e2ent t anno)nced +ad not "et
ta3en $lace. I +a2e t)rned t+s $+eno'enon o2er n '" 'e'or" and
reasoned abo)t t 'an" t'es1 tr"n& to e#$lan t1 to connect t 8t+
so'et+n&1 8t+ a $re2o)s con2ersaton1 8t+ so'e 'ental tenson1 8t+ an
analo&"1 a 8s+1and all n 2an. /.4. s dead1 and t+e $a$er I 8rote +as
dsa$$eared. If I 8ere called before a co)rt of D)stce abo)t t1 I co)ld not
f)rns+ t+e s+ado8 of a 'ateral $roof1 and a&an t+e t8o $ersonaltes
8+c+ e#st n 'e1 t+e an'al and t+e savant, +a2e ds$)ted on t+s s)bDect
so often t+at so'et'es I do)bt t '"self. -o8e2er1 t+e an'al1 obstnate as
an an'al )s)all" s1 re$eats ncessantl" t+at I +a2e seen1 and I +a2e read1
and t s )seless for 'e to tell '"self t+at f an" one else told 'e s)c+ a
stor" I s+o)ld not bele2e t. I a' obl&ed to ad't t+at t +a$$ened.
7. T-O:LET1
&ro$essor at the 9acut; des Sciences at Nancy.
Professor Rc+et addsJ
/. T+o)let +as latel" confr'ed all t+e detals contaned n +s letter. -e
+as no lon&er an" 8rtten trace of t+s old stor"1 b)t t+e recollecton of t s
$erfectl" clear. -e ass)red 'e t+at +e +ad seen and read t+e tele&ra' l3e a
real obDect.Y
931 . !e#t I E)ote a case 8+ere a 3nd of con2ersaton s ndcated
bet8een t+e slee$er and so'e co'')ncatn& s$rtGrecalln& t+e scra$s
of con2ersaton so'et'es o2er+eard (as t 8ere) bet8een /rs. P$er and
so'e control9 8+en s+e s n t+e act of a8a3n& fro' trance. T+ese
'o'ents bet8een t8o 8orlds9 are often1 as 8ll be seen1 of +&+
s&nfcance. In t+e case +ere cted 8e see' to see /r. Goodall at frst
'sa$$re+endn& a 'essa&e1 and +'self a)to'atcall" )ttern& t+e
'sa$$re+enson1 and t+en rece2n& t+e needed correcton fro' +s
n2sble nterloc)tor.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <?;K?. T+e follo8n& narrat2e
8as co'')ncated b" /r. Ed8ard %. Goodall1 of t+e Ro"al (ocet" of
Panters n 6ater Colo)rs1 LondonJ
2ay *AAA.
%t /ds)''er1 *AB@1 I left London for !a$les. T+e +eat ben&
e#cess2e1 $eo$le 8ere lea2n& for Isc+a1 and I t+o)&+t t best to &o t+ere
'"self.
Crossn& b" stea'er1 I sle$t one n&+t at Casa'ccola1 on t+e coast1 and
8al3ed ne#t 'ornn& nto t+e to8n of Isc+a.
L3n& t+e +otel t+ere better t+an '" E)arters of t+e $re2o)s n&+t1 I
fetc+ed '" s'all a'o)nt of l)&&a&e b" +el$ of a 'an1 8+o ret)rned 8t+
'e on foot besde an an'al 8+c+ I rodeone of t+e fne1 s)reCfooted1 b&
don3e"s of t+e co)ntr". %rr2ed at t+e +otel1 and 8+le sttn& $erfectl" stll
n '" saddle tal3n& to t+e landlad"1 t+e don3e" 8ent do8n )$on +s 3nees
as f +e +ad been s+ot or str)c3 b" l&+tnn&1 t+ro8n& 'e o2er +s +ead
)$on t+e la2a $a2e'ent. In endea2o)rn& to sa2e '"self '" r&+t +and 8as
badl" nD)red. It soon beca'e ')c+ s8ollen and 2er" $anf)l. % !ea$oltan
+ii,HGJ- doctor on t+e s$ot sad no bones 8ere bro3en1 b)t $erfect rest
8o)ld be needf)l1 8t+ '" ar' n a sln&. (3etc+n&1 of co)rse1 8as
'$ossble1 and 8t+ net+er boo3s1 ne8s$a$ers1 nor letters I felt '"
nact2t" 3eenl".
It ')st +a2e been on '" t+rd or fo)rt+ n&+t1 and abo)t t+e 'ddle of t1
8+en I a8o3e1 as t see'ed at t+e so)nd of '" o8n 2oce1 sa"n&1 I 3no8 I
+a2e lost '" dearest lttle /a".9 %not+er 2oce1 8+c+ I n no 8a"
reco&nsed1 ans8ered1 !o1 not /a"1 b)t "o)r youngest boy.9
T+e dstnctness and sole'nt" of t+e 2oce 'ade s)c+ a dstressn&
'$resson )$on 'e t+at I sle$t no 'ore. I &ot )$ at da"brea31 and 8ent o)t1
notcn& for t+e frst t'e tele&ra$+C$oles and 8res.
6t+o)t dela" I co'')ncated 8t+ t+e $ost'aster at !a$les1 and b"
ne#t boat rece2ed t8o letters fro' +o'e. I o$ened t+e' accordn& to dates
o)tsde. T+e frst told 'e t+at '" "o)n&est bo" 8as ta3en s)ddenl" llG t+e
second1 t+at +e 8as dead.
!et+er on +s acco)nt nor on t+at of an" of '" fa'l" +ad I an" ca)se
for )neasness. %ll 8ere E)te 8ell on '" ta3n& lea2e of t+e' so latel". /"
'$resson e2er snce +as been t+at t+e t'e of t+e deat+ concded as nearl"
as 8e co)ld D)d&e 8t+ t+e t'e of '" accdent.
*
In 8rtn& to /rs. Goodall1 I called t+e ncdent of t+e 2oce a drea'1 as
less l3el" $er+a$s to dst)rb +er t+an t+e detals 8+c+ I &a2e on reac+n&
+o'e1 and 8+c+ I +a2e no8 re$eated.
/" letters +a$$en to +a2e been $reser2ed.
I +a2e ne2er +ad an" +all)cnaton of an" 3nd1 nor a' I n t+e +abt of
tal3n& n '" slee$. I do re'e'ber once 8a3n& 8t+ so'e 8ords of 'ere
nonsense )$on '" l$s1 b)t t+e e#$erence of t+e 2oce s$ea3n& to 'e 8as
absol)tel" )nE)e.
E,6%R, %. GOO,%LL.
E#tracts fro' letters to /rs. E. %. Goodall fro' Isc+aJ
Dednesday, August **th, *AB@.
T+e $ost'an bro)&+t 'e t8o letters contann& sad ne8s ndeed. Poor
lttle Perc". I drea't so'e n&+ts snce t+e $oor lttle fello8 8as ta3en fro'
)s.Y
August *<th.
I dd not tell "o)1 dear1 t+e $artc)lars of '" drea' abo)t $oor lttle
Perc".
I +ad been for se2eral da"s 2er" fd&et" and 8retc+ed at &ettn& no
letters fro' +o'e1 and +ad &one to bed n 8orse s$rts t+an )s)al1 and n
'" drea' I fanced I sadJ I +a2e lost '" dearest lttle /a".9 % stran&e
2oce see'ed to sa"J !o1 not /a"1 b)t "o)r "o)n&est bo"19 not 'entonn&
+s na'e.Y
/r. Goodall &a2e 'e 2erball" a concordant acco)nt of t+e affar1 and
se2eral 'e'bers of +s fa'l"1 8+o 8ere $resent at o)r nter2e81
recollected t+e stron& '$resson 'ade on +' and t+e' at t+e t'e.
93( . T+e ne#t case s $recsel" a 'nat)re case of $ossesson.
(Co'$are /r. Ca'eron Grant5s e#$erence1 n *3' B .)
4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .=AK.A>.
T+e follo8n& acco)nt9 (8rtes ,r. -od&son) 8as sent to 'e b" /r.
7o+n E. 6l3e at t+e s)&&eston of one of o)r %'ercan 'e'bers +ii,HGK-
8+o s 8ell 3no8n to 'e1 and 8+o s$ea3s n t+e +&+est ter's of /r.
6l3e as a 8tnessJ9
6%(-I!GTO!1 ,.C.1 Apri **th1 *A@A.
In October *A@?1 8+le l2n& n London1 En&land1 I 8as attac3ed b"
bronc+ts n rat+er a se2ere for'1 and on t+e ad2ce of '" $+"scan1 ,r.
Oscar C. ,e 6olf1 8ent to +s resdence n B Gren2lle Place1 Cro'8ell
Road1 8+ere I co)ld be )nder +s ''edate care. 4or t8o da"s I 8as
confned to '" bed1 and abo)t f2e o5cloc3 n t+e afternoon of t+e t+rd da"1
feeln& so'e8+at better1 I $artall" dressed '"self1 sl$$ed on a +ea2" bat+
robe1 and 8ent do8n to t+e sttn&Croo' on t+e 'an floor1 8+ere '" frend1
t+e doctor1 )s)all" s$ent a $art of t+e afternoon n readn&. % stea'er c+ar
8as $laced before t+e fre b" one of t+e ser2ants1 and I 8as 'ade
co'fortable 8t+ $llo8s. T+e doctor 8as $resent1 and sat ''edatel"
be+nd 'e readn&. I dro$$ed off nto a l&+t doNe1 and sle$t for $er+a$s
t+rt" 'n)tes. ()ddenl" I beca'e consco)s of t+e fact t+at I 8as abo)t to
a8a3enG I 8as n a condton 8+ere I 8as net+er a8a3e nor aslee$. I
realsed f)ll" t+at I +ad been aslee$1 and I 8as eE)all" consco)s of t+e fact
t+at I 8as not 8de a8a3e. 6+le n t+s $ec)lar 'ental condton I
s)ddenl" sad to '"selfJ 6at a 'n)te. -ere s a 'essa&e for t+e doctor.9
%t t+e 'o'ent I fanced t+at I +ad )$on '" la$ a $ad of $a$er1 and I
t+o)&+t I 8rote )$on t+s $ad 8t+ a $encl t+e follo8n& 8ordsJ
,E%R ,OCTOR1,o "o) re'e'ber Rat" /cG)re1 8+o )sed to l2e
8t+ "o) n C+esterW (+e ded n *A=.. (+e +o$es "o) are +a2n& a &ood
t'e n London.9
Instantl" t+ereafter I fo)nd '"self 8de a8a3e1 felt no s)r$rse at not
fndn& t+e $ad of $a$er on '" 3nee1 beca)se I t+en realsed t+at t+at 8as
b)t t+e +all)cnaton of a drea'1 b)t '$ressed 8t+ t+at feat)re of '"
t+o)&+t 8+c+ related to t+e 'essa&e1 I $artl" t)rned '" +ead1 and1
s$ea3n& o2er '" s+o)lder to t+e doctor1 sadJ ,octor1 I +a2e a 'essa&e
for "o).9
T+e doctor loo3ed )$ fro' t+e )ritish 2edica 1ourna 8+c+ +e 8as
readn&1 and sad J 6+at5s t+atW9
I +a2e a 'essa&e for "o)19 I re$eated. It s t+sJ H,ear ,octorJ ,o "o)
re'e'ber Rat" /cG)re1 8+o )sed to l2e 8t+ "o) n C+esterW (+e ded n
*A=.. (+e +o$es "o) are +a2n& a &ood t'e n London.I9
T+e doctor loo3ed at 'e 8t+ a'aNe'ent 8rtten all o2er +s face1 and
sadJ 6+"1 8+at t+e de2l do "o) 'eanW9
I don5t 3no8 an"t+n& abo)t t e#ce$t t+at D)st before I 8o3e )$ I 8as
'$elled to rece2e t+s 'essa&e 8+c+ I +a2e D)st del2ered to "o).9
,d "o) e2er +ear of Rat" /cG)reW9 as3ed t+e doctor.
!e2er n '" lfe.9
6ell19 sad t+e doctor1 t+at5s one of t+e 'ost re'ar3able t+n&s I e2er
+eard of. /" fat+er for a &reat 'an" "ears l2ed at C+ester1 /ass. T+ere
8as a ne&+bo)rn& fa'l" na'ed /cG)re1 and Rat" /cG)re1 a da)&+ter
of t+s ne&+bo)r1 freE)entl" ca'e o2er to o)r +o)se1 as t+e "o)n&er $eo$le
n a co)ntr" 2lla&e 8ll 2st t+er ne&+bo)rs1 and )sed to assst '" 'ot+er
n t+e l&+ter d)tes abo)t t+e +o)se. I 8as absent fro' C+ester fro' abo)t
*AB@ to abo)t *A=;. I +ad 3no8n Rat"1 +o8e2er1 as a da)&+ter of o)r
ne&+bo)r and 3ne8 t+at s+e )sed to 2st t+e +o)se. (+e ded so'e t'e
d)rn& t+e absence I s$ea3 of1 b)t as to t+e e#act date of +er deat+ I a' not
nfor'ed.9
T+at closed t+e ncdent1 and alt+o)&+ t+e doctor told 'e t+at +e 8o)ld
+ii,HGL- 8rte to +s old +o'e to ascertan t+e e#act date of Rat"5s deat+1 I
+a2e ne2er +eard fro' +' f)rt+er n t+e 'atter. I E)estoned +' at t+e
t'e as to 8+et+er +e +ad recentl" t+o)&+t of Rat" /cG)re1 and +e told 'e
t+at +er na'e +ad not occ)rred to +' for t8ent" "ears1 and t+at +e '&+t
ne2er +a2e recalled t +ad t not been for t+e rat+er c)ro)s ncdent 8+c+
+ad occ)rred. In '" o8n 'nd I co)ld onl" e#$lan t+e occ)rrence as a
rat+er )n)s)al concdence. I 8as $ersonall" a8are of t+e fact t+at t+e
doctor5s old +o'e +ad been n C+ester1 /ass.1 and +ad freE)entl" tal3ed
8t+ +' of +s earler e#$erences n lfe 8+en +e be&an $ractce n t+at
ct"1 b)t ne2er at an" t'e d)rn& t+ese con2ersatons +ad t+e na'e of t+s
ne&+bo)r5s da)&+ter been 'entoned1 nor +ad t+e na'e of t+e ne&+bo)r
been 'entoned1 o)r con2ersaton relatn& entrel" to t+e ''edate
'e'bers of t+e fa'l"1 $artc)larl" t+e doctor5s fat+er1 8+o 8as a noted
$racttoner n t+at dstrct.
7O-! E. 6ILRIE.
,r. ,e 6olf1 n re$l" to ,r. -od&son5s frst nE)r"1 8roteJ
B GRE!VILLE PL%CE1 CRO/6ELL RO%,1 (.6.1 Apri .@th, *A@A.
,E%R (IR1In re$l" to "o)r letter of t+e .=t+ nst1 I re&ret t+at I cannot
recall 8t+ an" defnte recollecton t+e ncdent to 8+c+ /r. 6l3e refers.
I do re'e'ber t+at +e told 'e one 'ornn& +e +ad +ad a re'ar3able
drea'or conference 8t+ so'e one 8+o 3ne8 'e 8+en a "o)n& lad.
Ver" tr)l" "o)rs1
O(C%R C. ,E 6OL4.
,r. -od&son t+en sent /r. 6l3e5s acco)nt to ,r. ,e 6olf1 8t+
f)rt+er nE)res1 to 8+c+ ,r. ,e 6olf re$led as follo8sJ
B GRE!VILLE PL%CE1 CRO/6ELL RO%,1 (.6.1 2ay <th, *A@A.
,E%R (IR1/r. 6l3e5s state'ent s correct e#ce$t as to )n'$ortant
detal. /" fat+er $ractsed +s $rofesson of 'edcne1 n C+ester1 /ass.1 for
s#t" "earsd"n& n *A@>. I 8as born n C+ester and l2ed t+ere )ntl
*A?=1 8+en I 8as n Pars st)d"n& 'edcne for fo)r "ears. In *AB* I
ret)rned to %'erca and ''edatel" entered t+e ar'" as s)r&eon and
ser2ed )ntl t+e close of t+e 8ar n *AB?. In *ABB I located n !ort+a'$ton1
/ass.1 8+ere I $ractsed '" $rofesson )ntl *A=;1 8+en I re'o2ed to
C+ca&o.
C+ester s a +ll to8n n 6estern /ass.1 and !ort+a'$ton s se2enteen
'les dstant. 6+le n !ort+a'$ton I 8as often at '" fat+er5s +o)se
$robabl" e2er" 8ee3and d)rn& so'e of t+e "ears fro' *ABB to *A=; I
3ne8 Rat" /cG)re as a ser2ant assstn& '" 'ot+er.
(+e 8as an obl&n& and $leasant &rl and al8a"s &lad to see 'e. (+e
+ad no fa'l" n C+ester (as /r. 6l3e sa"s) and I do not 3no8 8+ere s+e
ca'e fro'. !et+er do I 3no8 8+ere or 8+en s+e dedb)t I 3no8 s+e s
dead. T+ere s not+n& left of '" fa'l" n C+ester. T+e old +o'estead stll
re'ans 8t+ 'e1 and I 2st t e2er" "ear.
T+e stran&e feat)re (to 'e) of t+s ncdent s t+e fact t+at I +ad not
t+o)&+t of t+s &rl for 'an" "ears1 and /r. 6l3e 8as ne2er 8t+n ?>>
'les of C+ester.
6e +ad been 8ar' frends snce soon after '" locaton n C+ca&o1
8+ere +e 8as connected 8t+ a de$art'ent of t+e C+ca&o Tribune. I ca'e
to London n *A@. and /r. 6l3e follo8ed t+e ne#t "ear as t+e 'ana&er of
Lo85s +ii,HGM- American 80change1 ; !ort+)'berland %2en)e. -s fa'l"
dd not Don +' )ntl *A@?1 8+c+ e#$lans +s ben& n '" +o)se 8+en ll.
/r. 6l3e s a 2er" stra&+tfor8ard 'an and not &2en to ll)sons of
an" 3nd. -e s no8 t+e c+ef of t+e (ecret (er2ce ,e$art'ent of t+e :.(.
Go2ern'ent1 6as+n&ton1 ,.C.
!et+er of )s 8ere bele2ers n s$rt)al 'anfestatons of t+s c+aracter1
and t+s e2ent so '$ressed )s t+at 8e dd not l3e to tal3 abo)t t1 and t +as
been 2er" seldo' referred to 8+en 8e 'et.Ver" tr)l" "o)rs1
O(C%R C. ,E 6OL4.
933 . T+ese cases1 t+en1 'a" ser2e as ll)stratons bot+ of t+e nc$ent
sta&es of a trance 8+c+ 'a" de2elo$ nto ecstas" on t+e one +and or
$ossesson on t+e ot+er1 and of t+e dfferent as$ects of $ossesson accordn&
as t s re&arded as a 'ore de2elo$ed for' of 'otor a)to'ats' or as a
s$ecal ntensfcaton of tele$at+c acton. 6e +a2e frst1 n /rs. L)t+er5s
case1 a $artal and te'$orar" control b" t+e s)bl'nal self1 e#+btn&
$robabl" tele$at+c nfl)ence1 b)t 8t+ no ndcatons of an" $s"c+cal
e#c)rson or n2asonG n Professor T+o)let5s case 8e fnd a f)ller control b"
t+e s)bl'nal self1 8t+ a 'anfestaton of 3no8led&e s)&&estn& so'e
s$rt)al e#c)rsonG n /r. Goodall5s case t+ere see's to be a tele$at+c
con2ersaton bet8een +s s)bl'nal self controlln& +s )tterance and so'e
$er+a$s dscarnate s$rtG and fnall"1 n /r. 6l3e5s case1 t+ere s t+e
defnte s)$er$oston1 as t 8ere1 of a dscarnate s$rt5s 'essa&e )$on t+e
a)to'atst n s)c+ a 8a" t+at 8e are led to 8onder 8+et+er t 8as t+e mind
or t+e brain of t+e a)to'atst t+at rece2ed t+e 'essa&e. T+e frst ste$
a$$arentl" s t+e abe"ance of t+e s)$ral'nal self and t+e do'nance of t+e
s)bl'nal self1 8+c+ 'a" lead n rare cases to a for' of trance (or of 8+at
8e +a2e +t+erto called secondar" $ersonalt") 8+ere t+e 8+ole bod" of t+e
a)to'atst s controlled b" +s o8n s)bl'nal self1 or ncarnate s$rt1 b)t
8+ere t+ere s no ndcaton of an" relaton 8t+ dscarnate s$rts. T+e ne#t
for' of trance s 8+ere t+e ncarnate s$rt1 8+et+er or not 'antann&
control of t+e 8+ole bod"1 'a3es e#c)rsons nto or +olds tele$at+c
nterco)rse 8t+ t+e s$rt)al 8orld. %nd1 lastl"1 t+ere s t+e trance of
$ossesson b" anot+er1 a dscarnate s$rt. 6e cannot1 of co)rse1 al8a"s
dstn&)s+ bet8een t+ese t+ree 'an t"$es of trance8+c+1 as 8e s+all
see later1 t+e'sel2es ad't of dfferent de&rees and 2aretes.
93+ . T+e 'ost str3n& case 3no8n to 'e of t+e frst for' of trance
$ossesson b" t+e s)bl'nal selfs t+at of t+e Re2. C. B. (anders1 8+ose
tranceC$ersonalt" +as al8a"s called tself b" t+e na'e of 0]Y_V9 and of
8+o' I &2e an acco)nt n 93+ A . T+e lfe of t+e nor'al /r. (anders +as
a$$arentl" been $assed n t+e en2ron'ent of a s$ecal for' of Presb"teran
doctrne1 and t+ere see's to +a2e been a fear on t+e $art of /r. (anders
+'self lest t+e trance 'anfestatons of 8+c+ +e 8as t+e s)bDect s+o)ld
conflct 8t+ t+e t+eolo&cal $oston 8+c+ +e +eld as a 'nsterG and
ndeed for +ii,HGN- se2eral "ears of +s earl" s)ffern& +e 8as nclned to
re&ard +s $ec)lar case of afflcton as t+e res)lt of (atanc a&enc".9 On t+e
$art of so'e of +s frends also t+ere see's to be a s$ecal desre to s+o8
t+at 0]Y_V9 8as not +eterodo#. :nder t+ese crc)'stances t s $er+a$s
not s)r$rsn& t+at 8e fnd so ')c+ retcence n 0]Y_V9 concernn& +s
o8n relatons to t+e nor'al /r. (anders. 6+at lttle e#$lanaton s offered
see's to be n sn&)lar +ar'on" 8t+ one of t+e 'an tenets ad2anced n
t+s boo31 snce t+e cla' 'ade b" 0]Y_V9 s ob2o)sl" t+at +e re$resents
t+e ncarnate s$rt of /r. (anders e#ercsn& t+e +&+er fac)ltes 8+c+
nat)rall" $ertan to t1 b)t 8+c+ can be 'anfested to t+e f)ll onl" 8+en t s
freed fro' ts fles+l" barrers. T+s freE)entl" occ)rs1 +e sa"s1 n d"n&
$ersons1 8+o descrbe scenes n t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 and n +s o8n
e#$erence 8+en +s cas3et9 s s'larl" affected1 and t+e bodl"
obstr)ctons to s$rt)al 2son are re'o2ed.
T+e s)&&eston 8+c+ I 'ade n t+e case of %nna 6nsor (see 2ol. .1
(3* and (3* A)t+at t+e ntell&ence controlln& +er sane r&+t ar' 8as +er
o8n s)bl'nal self'a" no8 $er+a$s a$$ear less stran&e t+an t dd at t+e
o)tset of o)r nE)r"G b)t 8+ereas n t+at case t+e s)$ral'nal self 8as onl"
$artall" n abe"ance1 t+e s)$ral'nal self of /r. (anders see's to beco'e
co'$letel" dor'ant d)rn& +s trances.
93, . In t+s case t+en t+e s)bl'nal self see's to ta3e co'$lete control
of t+e or&ans'1 e#ercsn& ts o8n $o8ers of tele$at+" and telFst+esa1 b)t
s+o8n& no e2dence of drect co'')ncaton 8t+ dscarnate s$rts. 6e
')st no8 $ass on to t+e 'ost notable recent case 8+ere s)c+
co'')ncaton +as been cla'ed1t+at of (8edenbor&1to 8+ose
e#ce$tonal tranceC+stor" and atte'$t to &2e so'e scentfc s"ste' to +s
e#$erences of ecstas" I referred n C+a$ter I. (secton 10, ).
%nd +ere I 'eet 8t+ a 3nd of dffc)lt" 8+c+ s s)re to $resent tself
sooner or later to all $ersons 8+o endea2o)r to $resent to t+e 8orld 8+at
t+e" re&ard as no2el and '$ortant tr)t+s. T+ere s s)re to be so'e
e'barrassn& l3eness or tra2est" of t+at tr)t+ n t+e 8orld alread". T+ere
are s)re to be sects or $ersons1 $ast or $resent1 +oldn& so'et+n& l3e t+e
sa'e belefs on dfferent &ro)ndsGon &ro)nds 8+c+ one 'a" fnd t
eE)all" dffc)lt to endorse and to dsa2o8.
I +a2e ndeed alread" been able to ad't 8t+o)t rel)ctance t+at t+e
+)'ble t+n3ers9 of t+e (tone %&e1 t+e bele2ers n 6tc+craft1 n
(+a'ans'1 +a2e been '" tr)e $rec)rsors n 'an" of t+e deas )$+eld n
t+s boo3. B)t t+ese s$rt)al ancestors are re'ote and )nobtr)s2eG and t
'a" be easer to ad't t+at one s descended fro' an a$e t+an t+at one s
o8n brot+er to a 'ad'an. (8edenbor& s1 n fact1 a 'ad'an n 'ost 'en5s
2e81 and t+s D)d&'ent +as ')c+ to s)$$ort t. T+e &reat b)l3 of +s
teac+n&1al'ost t+e 8+ole content of Arcana C4estia, +as )nder&one
a sn&)larl" )nfort)nate do8nfall. % seer1 a '"stc1 cannot often be
disprovedG+s 2sons 'a" fall o)t of fa2o)r1 b)t t+e" stll record one
'an5s s)bDect2e o)tloo3 on t+e )n2erse. (8edenbor&5s +ii,HGO- 8ldnesses1
on t+e ot+er +and1 8ere based )$on a defnte fo)ndaton 8+c+ +as
defntel" cr)'bled a8a". !o one no8 re&ards t+e Old Testa'ent as a
+o'o&eneo)s and 2erball" ns$red 8+oleGand )nless t be so1 t+e
s$rt)al 'eann& 8+c+ (8edenbor& dra8s fro' ts e2er" 8ord b" +s
doctrne of Corres$ondences s not onl" a f)tle fanc"1 b)t a tss)e of &ross
and de'onstrable errors. %nd "et1 on t+e face of t1 8as not all t+s error
'ore a'$l" accredted t+an an" of t+e )tterances of $ossesson or t+e
recollectons of ecstas" 8+c+ I s+all be able to cte fro' 'odern senst2esW
(8edenbor& 8as one of t+e leadn& savants of E)ro$eG t 8o)ld be abs)rd
to $lace an" of o)r senst2es on t+e sa'e ntellect)al le2el. If his celestal
re2elatons t)rn o)t to +a2e been nonsense1 8+at are /rs. P$er5s l3el" to
beW
93' . I '&+t1 of co)rse1 sa2e '"self fro' t+s dle''a b" re$)datn&
(8edenbor&5s seers+$ alto&et+er. T+e evidentia 'atter 8+c+ +e +as left
be+nd +' s sn&)larl" scant" n co'$arson 8t+ +s $retensons to a
co'')non of 'an" "ears 8t+ so 'an" s$rts of t+e de$arted. I do not1
+o8e2er1 acce$t t+s 'eans of esca$e fro' t+e dffc)lt". I t+n3 t+at t+e
+alfCdoNen e2dental cases9 scattered t+ro)&+ t+e 'e'ors of (8edenbor&
are sta'$ed 8t+ t+e '$ress of tr)t+1and I t+n31 also1 t+at 8t+o)t so'e
tr)e e#$erence of t+e s$rt)al 8orld (8edenbor& co)ld not +a2e entered
nto t+at at'os$+ere of tr)t+ n 8+c+ e2en +s 8orst errors are +eld n
sol)ton. (8edenbor&5s 8rtn&s on t+e 8orld of s$rts fall n t+e 'an nto
t8o classes1albet classes not easl" d2ded. T+ere are e0perientia
8rtn&s and t+ere are dogmatic 8rtn&s. T+e frst of t+ese classes contans
acco)nts of 8+at +e sa8 and felt n t+at 8orld1 and of s)c+ nferences 8t+
re&ard to ts la8s as +s act)al e#$erence s)&&ested. !o81 s$ea3n&
broadl"1 all t+s 'ass of 'atter1 co2ern& so'e +)ndreds of $ro$ostons1 s
n s)bstantal accord 8t+ 8+at +as been &2en t+ro)&+ t+e 'ost tr)st8ort+"
senst2es snce (8edenbor&5s t'e. It s ndeed )s)al to s)$$ose t+at t+e"
+a2e all been nfl)enced b" (8edenbor&G and alt+o)&+ I feel s)re t+at t+s
8as not so n an" drect 'anner n t+e case of t+e senst2es best 3no8n to
'"self1 t s $robable t+at (8edenbor&5s alle&ed e#$erences +a2e affected
'odern t+o)&+t 'ore dee$l" t+an 'ost 'odern t+n3ers 3no8.
On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e second or $)rel" dogmatic class of (8edenbor&5s
8rtn&s1t+e records of nstr)cton alle&ed to +a2e been &2en to +' b"
s$rts on t+e nner 'eann& of t+e (cr$t)res1 &c.1t+ese +a2e 'ore and
'ore a$$eared to be 'ere arbtrar" fancesG'ere $roDectons and
re$erc)ssons of +s o8n $reconce2ed deas.
On t+e 8+ole1 t+en18t+ so'e stretc+n&1 "et no contra2enton1 of
concl)sons nde$endentl" reac+ed1I 'a" sa" t+at (8edenbor&5s stor"1
one of t+e stran&est l2es "et l2ed b" 'ortal 'en1s corroborat2e rat+er
t+an destr)ct2e of t+e slo8l" rsn& fabrc of 3no8led&e of 8+c+ +e 8as
t+e )nE)el" &fted1 b)t )nE)el" dan&ero)s1 $rec)rsor.
+ii,HHP-
It see'ed desrable +ere to refer t+)s brefl" to t+e doctrnal teac+n&s of
(8edenbor&1 b)t I s+all deal later 8t+ t+e &eneral E)eston +o8 ')c+ or
+o8 lttle of t+e state'ents of senst2es9 abo)t t+e s$rt)al 8orld
8+et+er based on t+er o8n 2sons or on t+e alle&atons of t+er
controlln& s$rts9are 8ort+" of credence. In t+e case of (8edenbor&
t+ere 8as at least so'e e2dence1 of t+e 3nd to 8+c+ 8e can +ere a$$eal1
of +s act)al co'')ncaton 8t+ dscarnate s$rts (see 93' A)G b)t n 'ost
ot+er cases of alle&ed ecstas" t+ere s lttle or not+n& to s+o8 t+at t+e
s)$$osed re2elatons are not $)rel" s)bDect2e. ((ee1 e.g., t+e re2elatons of
%l$+onse Ca+a&net5s senst2es1 descrbed n +s Arcanes de a vie $uture
devoi;s and t+ose of t+e (eeress of Pre2orst19 'entoned n 93' B.) %t
'ost1 t+ese 2sons ')st be re&arded as a 3nd of s"'bolcal re$resentaton
of t+e )nseen 8orld. ((ee1 e.g., 93' C .)
93* . %'on& Ca+a&net5s s)bDects1 +o8e2er1 t+ere 8as one "o)n&
8o'an1 %dPle /a&not1 8+o not onl" sa8 +ea2enl" 2sons of t+e )s)al
$ostC(8edenbor&an 3nd1 b)t also obtaned e2dental co'')ncatons
not )nl3e t+ose of /rs. P$er$)r$ortn& to co'e fro' dscarnate s$rts.
4ort)natel" t+ese 8ere recorded 8t+ )n)s)al care and t+oro)&+ness b"
Ca+a&net1 and t+e case t+)s beco'es one of consderable '$ortance for o)r
nE)res. % &eneral acco)nt of Ca+a&net5s 8or3 +as recentl" been &2en n
t+e &roceedings (.P.R. b" /r. Pod'ore (see 93* A ) 8+o1 t+o)&+ fndn& t
al'ost '$ossble to do)bt t+at %dPle5s s)ccess 8as d)e to so'e 3nd of
s)$ernor'al fac)lt"19 t+n3s t '&+t be acco)nted for b" tele$at+" fro'
l2n& $ersons. It a$$ears t+at n all +er trances %dPlel3e /r. (anders
8as controlled b" +er o8n s)bl'nal selft+at s to sa"1 +er s)$ral'nal
self beca'e dor'ant1 )nder 'a&nets'9 b" Ca+a&net1 8+le +er s)bl'nal
self n tranceC)tterance 'anfested a 3no8led&e 8+c+ 8as1 as I nclne to
t+n3 fro' ts analo&es 8t+ 'ore de2elo$ed cases1 obtaned fro' t+e
s$rt)al 8orld. T+at t+s 3no8led&e s+o)ld be '#ed 8t+ ')c+ t+at 8as
erroneo)s or )n2erfable s not s)r$rsn&.
It s also nterestn& to note t+e occ)rrence n t+s case of crc)'stances
8+c+ n t+er &eneral c+aracter +a2e beco'e so +abt)al n trances of
'ed)'stc9 t"$e t+at t+e" are not onl" fo)nd n &en)ne s)bDects1 b)t are
contn)all" ben& s')lated b" t+e fra)d)lent. I refer to t+e soCcalled
ta3n& on of t+e deat+ condtons9 of a co'')ncatn& s$rt1 8+o1 as
%dPle stated1 ded of s)ffocaton. %dPle c+o3es as t+s 'an c+o3ed1 and
co)&+ed as +e dd.Y I 8as obl&ed to release +er b" $assesG s+e s)ffered
terrbl".9
I need scarcel" sa" t+at t+s s)&&ests nc$ent $ossesson. T+ere 8ere
occasonal analo&o)s nstances n t+e earl" trances of /rs. P$er1 8+en
P+n)t 8as t+e controlln& nfl)ence (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $.
@A1 Professor Barrett 6endell5s acco)ntG and 2ol. #. $. ;A<). Ot+er $onts
of s'lart" bet8een t+e acco)nts of t+e entranced %dPle and t+e )tterances
of P+n)t 8ll be a$$arent to t+e st)dent of t+e records.
+ii,HHG-
93) . T+e ne#t case to be consdered1 and so far one of t+e 'ost
'$ortant1 s t+at of ,. ,. -o'e. It 'a" see' a stran&e descent fro' t+e
celestal 2sons of (8edenbor& to t+e tableCtltn&s and fra&'entar" tranceC
)tterances of 'odern 'ed)'s1 b)t for o)r $resent $)r$ose of fndn& an
e'$rcal bass )$on 8+c+ to establs+ t+e e#stence of a s$rt)al 8orld1
t+ese later +)'ble 'anfestatons are 'ore $otent t+an all t+e $a&es of t+e
Arcana C4estia.
B)t1 alt+o)&+ I attrb)te ')c+ 2al)e to 8+at e2dence e#sts n t+e case
of -o'e1 t cannot b)t be de$lored t+at t+e nest'able c+ance for
e#$er'ent and record 8+c+ t+s case afforded 8as al'ost entrel" t+ro8n
a8a" b" t+e scentfc 8orld. :nfort)natel" t+e record s es$ecall"
nadeE)ate n reference to -o'e5s trances and t+e e2dence for t+e $ersonal
dentt" of t+e co'')ncatn& s$rts. -s na'e s 3no8n to t+e 8orld
c+efl" n connecton 8t+ t+e tele3netc $+eno'ena 8+c+ are sad to +a2e
occ)rred n +s $resence1 and t+e best acco)nts of 8+c+ 8e o8e to (r
6lla' Croo3es. It s not '" ntenton1 as I +a2e alread" e#$laned1 to deal
8t+ t+ese1 b)t t ')st be )nderstood t+at t+e" for' an nte&ral $art of t+e
'anfestatons n t+s case1 as n t+e case of (tanton /oses. 4or detaled
acco)nts of t+e' t+e reader s+o)ld cons)lt t+e +stor" of -o'e5s lfe and
e#$erences1 as &2en n t+e 8or3s en)'erated n 93) A.
In -o'e5s case t s es$ecall" '$ortant to consder t+e E)eston of
fra)d1 snce 2aro)s c+ar&es of fra)d +a2e been bro)&+t a&anst +'so'e1
+o8e2er1 8t+o)t an" e2dence at all1 and ot+ers on secondC+and state'ents
onl"1 8+le t+e 'ost sero)s onet+at connected 8t+ t+e fa'o)s L"on
caserelated rat+er to +s c+aracter t+an to t+e real nat)re of +s $o8ers. %
detaled dsc)sson1 b" Professor Barrett and '"self1 of t+e E)eston of
fra)d1 8as $rnted n t+e 1ourna (.P.R. T+s artcle also ncl)des references
to t+e tele3netc $+eno'ena1 and a bref s)''ar" (8t+1 n so'e cases1
addtonal e2dence) of t+e 'ost '$ortant cases s)&&estn& $ersonal
co'')ncatons fro' deceased frends of t+e stters 8t+ -o'e1 and I &2e
an abrd&'ent of t n 93) B. ()c+ cases as rece2ed e2en t+e s+are of
scattered and scant" record 8+c+ /ada'e -o'e5s boo3s ndcate1 are
$robabl" b)t a s'all $orton of t+e e2dental co'')ncatons act)all"
&2en t+ro)&+ -o'e.
939 . %s to t+e nat)re of -o'e5s trances1 t+ere s not a lttle obsc)rt".
/an" of t+e $+eno'ena descrbed as occ)rrn& n +s $resence too3 $lace
8+en +e 8as not n trance at all. (o'et'es +s bod" 8as a$$arentl"
$ossessed b" deceased frends of t+e stters or ot+er dscarnate s$rts1 and at
ot+er t'es t 8as a$$arentl" controlled b" +s o8n s$rt or s)bl'nal self.
%ccordn& to t+e acco)nt of Vsco)nt %dare1 no8 Lord ,)nra2en (see
80periences in Spirituaism #ith 2r. *. *. 'ome. B" Vsco)nt %dare)1 t
8as )n)s)al for e#traneo)s $+"scal $+eno'ena1 s)c+ as ra$s and
'o2e'ents and le2taton of obDects1 to occ)r 8+le -o'e 8as entranced.
+ii,HHH-
On t+e ot+er +and1 (r 6lla' Croo3es states (1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$. ;<*)J Certanl" t+e t8o 'ost str3n& t+n&s I e2er sa8 8t+ +'1 t+e fre
test and 2sble for's1 8ere to be obser2ed 8+le +e 8as entranced1 b)t t
8as not al8a"s eas" to tell 8+en +e 8as n t+at state1 for +e s$o3e and
'o2ed abo)t al'ost as f +e 8ere n +s nor'al condtonG t+e c+ef
dfferences ben& t+at +s actons 8ere 'ore delberate1 and +s 'anner and
e#$ressons 'ore sole'n1 and +e al8a"s s$o3e of +'self n t+e t+rd
$erson1 as H,an.I9 (Co'$are 93+ A1 t+e case of 0]Y_V19 8+o al8a"s
s$o3e of +s s)$ral'nal self as '" cas3et.9)
T+e late Lord ,)nra2en sa"s1 n +s ntrod)cton ($. #.) to t+e boo3 b"
Vsco)nt %dare1 t+at t+e co'')ncatons at t+e sUances descrbed n t+e
boo3 ca'e t+ro)&+ t+e al$+abet9 (t+at s1 t+ro)&+ ra$s or ot+er tele3netc
s&nals s)c+ as to)c+es)1 or t+ro)&+ t+e 'ed)' n a trance19 and +e
re'ar3sJ 6+en /r. -o'e s$ea3s n a trance t+ere s no certant" 8+et+er
+s )tterances are t+ose of a s$rt alone1 or +o8 far t+e" 'a" be '#ed )$
8t+ +s o8n deas or $rnc$les. (o'et'es t+e co'')ncatons are
str3n&1 at ot+er t'es 2a&)e1 so'et'es tr2al. 'essa&es t+ro)&+ t+e
al$+abet1 on t+e ot+er +and1 carr" at least a stron& $robablt" t+at t+e"
con2e" t+e t+o)&+ts of a s$rtG alt+o)&+ e2en t+e" too n so'e cases e#+bt
ndcatons of ben& affected b" t+e 'ed)'1 and are t+erefore not E)te
relable.9
T+e '$resson $rod)ced see's to +a2e been 2er" dfferent fro' t+s n
so'e cases1 es$ecall" 8+en -o'e 8asas 8e 'a" s)$$osedrectl"
$ossessed b" a dscarnate s$rt. (ee1 for e#a'$le1 t+e case of t+e control b"
%da+ /en3en (oc. cit., $$. ;?K;=)1 8+ere Vsco)nt %dare sa"sJ9 I 8as1 to
all ntents and $)r$oses1 act)all" con2ersn& 8t+ t+e deadG lstenn&1
tal3n&1 ans8ern&1 and rece2n& ans8ers fro' /en3en. -o'e5s
nd2d)alt" 8as E)te &oneG +e s$o3e as /en3en1 and 8e bot+ s$o3e of
+' as a t+rd $erson at a dstance fro' )s.9
9+0 . In bref1 t+e st)d" of s)c+ records as are a2alable of -o'e5s
$s"c+cal $+eno'ena lea2es 'e 8t+ t+e con2cton t+at1a$art alto&et+er
fro' t+e tele3netc $+eno'ena 8t+ 8+c+ t+e" 8ere assocated1+s
tranceC)tterances belon& to t+e sa'e nat)ral order as t+ose1 for nstance1 of
/r. /oses and /rs. P$er. T+ere are1 +o8e2er1 '$ortant dfferences
bet8een t+ese cases1dfferences 8+c+ s+o)ld be of s$ecal nstr)cton to
)s n endea2o)rn& to co'$re+end t+e $ossesson t+at co'$letel" e#cl)des
t+e s)bl'nal self1 and to a$$recate t+e dffc)lt" of obtann& t+s
co'$lete $ossesson.
T+)s n -o'e5s case t+e s)bl'nal self see's1 t+ro)&+o)t t+e lon&est
seres of sUances of 8+c+ 8e +a2e a record1 to +a2e been t+e s$rt c+efl"
controlln& +' d)rn& t+e trance and actn& as nter'edar" for ot+er
s$rts1 8+o occasonall"1 +o8e2er1 too3 co'$lete $ossesson.
In /rs. P$er5s case1 as 8e s+all see1 t+e s)bl'nal self s 2er" lttle n
drect e2denceG ts 'anfestatons for' a fleetn& nterl)de bet8een +er +ii,
HHI- 8a3n& state and +er $ossesson b" a dscarnate s$rt. In /r. /oses5
case1 t+e s)bl'nal self 8as rarel" n drect e2dence at all 8+en +e 8as
entrancedG b)t 8e nfer fro' t+ese ot+er cases t+at t 8as $robabl" do'nant
at so'e sta&e of +s trance1 e2en f at ot+er t'es t 8as e#cl)ded or beca'e
co'$letel" dor'ant.
%nd f1 n -o'e5s case1 as t+ere see's reason to s)$$ose1 t+e s)bl'nal
self 'a" +a2e $artc$ated 8t+ dscarnate s$rts n t+e $rod)cton of
tele3netc $+eno'ena1 as 8ell as n t+e co'')ncaton of tests of $ersonal
dentt"1 t s not '$robable t+at t+e s)bl'nal self of /r. /oses 'a" also
+a2e been act2el" concerned n bot+ t+ese classes of $+eno'ena.
9+1 . To t+e +stor" of 6lla' (tanton /oses I no8 t)rn. In +s case1
as n t+at of -o'e1 t+e tele3netc $+eno'ena for'ed an nte&ral $art of t+e
&eneral 'anfestatons1 ben& so nter8o2en 8t+ t+e' as to necesstate n
'" 2e8 acce$tance or reDecton of t+e 8+oleG b)t t+e e2dence for t+e
tele3netc $+eno'ena n t+e case of /r. /oses s co'$arat2el" sl&+t1
snce t+e" occ)rred al'ost e#cl)s2el" n t+e $resence of a s'all &ro)$ of
nt'ate $ersonal frends1 and 8ere ne2er scr)tnsed and e#a'ned b"
o)tsde 8tnesses as 8ere -o'e5s 'anfestatons. On t+e ot+er +and1 8e
+a2e detaled records of /r. /oses5 8+ole seres of e#$erences1 8+le n
t+e case of -o'e1 as I +a2e sad1 t+e record s 2er" '$erfect. %s to t+e
tele3netc $+eno'ena1 /r. /oses +'self re&arded t+e' as a 'ere 'eans
to an end1 n accordance 8t+ t+e 2e8 )r&ed on +' b" +s controls19
t+at t+e" 8ere ntended as $roofs of t+e $o8er and a)t+ort" of t+ese latter1
8+le t+e real 'essa&e la" n t+e rel&o)s teac+n& '$arted to +'.
9+( . It 8as on /a" @t+1 *A=<1 t+at Ed')nd G)rne" and I 'et (tanton
/oses for t+e frst t'e1 t+ro)&+ t+e 3ndness of /rs. Co8$erCTe'$le
(after8ards Lad" /o)ntCTe'$le)1 8+o 3ne8 t+at 8e +ad beco'e nterested
n $s"c+cal9 $roble's1 and 8s+ed to ntrod)ce )s to a 'an of +ono)r
8+o +ad recentl" e#$erenced $+eno'ena1 d)e 8+oll" to so'e &ft of +s
o8n1 8+c+ +ad $rofo)ndl" c+an&ed +s conce$ton of lfe.
T+at e2enn& 8as e$oc+C'a3n& n G)rne"5s lfe and 'ne. (tandn& as
8e 8ere n t+e attt)de nat)ral at t+e co''ence'ent of s)c+ nE)res1
)nder s)c+ condtons as 8ere t+en attanable1an attt)de of c)rost"
te'$ered b" a 22d $erce$ton of dffc)lt" and dra8bac318e no8 'et a
'an of :n2erst" ed)caton1 of 'anfest sant" and $robt"1 8+o 2o)c+ed
to )s for a seres of $+eno'ena1occ)rrn& to +'self1 and 8t+ no
do)btf)l or 2enal ad18+c+ see'ed at least to $ro2e1 n conf)sedl"
nter'n&led for'1 t+ree 'an t+eses )n3no8n to (cence. T+ese 8ere (*)
t+e e#stence n t+e +)'an s$rt of +dden $o8ers of ns&+t and of
co'')ncatonG (.) t+e $ersonal s)r22al and near $resence of t+e de$artedG
and (;) nterference1 d)e to )n3no8n a&ences1 8t+ t+e $onderable 8orld.
-e s$o3e fran3l" and f)ll"G +e s+o8ed +s noteboo3sG +ii,HHJ- +e referred
)s to +s frendsG +e ns$red a belef 8+c+ 8as at once s)ffcent1 and
8+c+ s stll s)ffcent1 to $ro'$t to acton.
T+e e#$erences 8+c+ (tanton /oses +ad )nder&one +ad c+an&ed +s
2e8s1 b)t not +s c+aracter. -e 8as alread" set n t+e 'o)ld of t+e +ardC
8or3n&1 conscento)s1 do&'atc cler&"'an1 8t+ a stron& desre to do
&ood1 and a stron& belef n $reac+n& as t+e best 8a" to do t. 4or +'self
t+e essental $art of 8+at I +a2e called +s 'essa&e9 ay n t+e act)al 8ords
a)to'atcall" )ttered or 8rtten1not n t+e acco'$an"n& $+eno'ena
8+c+ reall" &a2e t+er )nE)eness and '$ortance to t+e a)to'atc
$rocesses. In a boo3 called Spirit Teachings +e collected 8+at +e re&arded
as t+e real fr)ts of t+ose "ears of '"stero)s lstenn& n t+e 2estb)le of a
8orld )n3no8n.
%nd ')c+ as 8e 'a" re&ret t+s too e#cl)s2e et+cal $reocc)$aton n a
re&on 8+ere t+e establs+'ent of act)al fact s stll t+e one t+n& needf)l1 t
')st be ad'tted t+at at t+at t'e t+e scentfc '$ortance of t+ese
$+eno'ena +ad +ardl" da8ned on an" 'nd. %'on& all t+e 8tnesses of
-o'e5s 'ar2els (r 6lla' Croo3es 8as al'ost t+e onl" 'an 8+o 'ade
an" atte'$t to treat t+e' as reasonable 'en treat all t+e facts of nat)re.
/ost of t+e 8tnesses1 t+o)&+ f)ll" bele2n& n t+e &en)neness of t+e
8onders1 a$$ear to +a2e re&arded t+e' as a 3nd of )ncann" d2erson. T+e
'ore sero)s so)&+t for ass)rance t+at t+er belo2ed dead 8ere stll near
t+e'1 and stratl" c+ar&ed -o'e to tell no 'an of t+e $roofs 8+c+ t+e"
sad +ad bro)&+t to t+e'sel2es )ns$ea3able Do". %n atte'$t 'ade1 n *A=?1
b" (erDeant Co# and a fe8 ot+ers (a'on& 8+o' 8ere (tanton /oses and
'"self) to &et t+ese $+eno'ena 'ore sero)sl" dsc)ssed n a
Ps"c+olo&cal (ocet"19 lan&)s+ed for 8ant of s)table coadD)tors1 and on
t+e deat+ of (erDeant Co# (n *A=@) t+e (ocet" 8as dssol2ed. ,)rn& t+ese
'$ortant "ears1 t+erefore1 8+le +s e#$erences 8ere fres+ n (tanton
/oses5 'nd1 and 8+le t+e" 8ere to so'e e#tent stll rec)rrn&1 +e +ad lttle
enco)ra&e'ent to deal 8t+ t+e' fro' a scentfc $ont of 2e8.
9+3 . 6+en1 +o8e2er1 n *AA.1 Professor Barrett cons)lted +' as to t+e
$ossblt" of fo)ndn& a ne8 socet"1 )nder better a)s$ces1 +e 8ar'l"
8elco'ed t+e $lan. Ed')nd G)rne" and I 8ere as3ed to Don1 b)t 'ade t a
condton t+at t+e consent of Professor (d&8c3 (8t+ 8+o' 8e +ad
alread" been 8or3n&) to act as o)r Presdent s+o)ld frst be obtaned.
:nder +s &)dance t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+ ass)'ed a 'ore
ca)to)s and crtcal attt)de t+an 8as con&enal to (tanton /oses5 8ar'
+eart1 stron& con2ctons1 and '$)ls2e te'$er1 and n *AAB +e left t+e
(ocet"1 n conseE)ence of t+e $)blcaton n t+e &roceedings of certan
co''ents on $+eno'ena occ)rrn& t+ro)&+ t+e a&enc" of t+e soCcalled
'ed)'9 E&lnton.
4ro' t+s t'e +e fran3l" confessed +'self ds&)sted 8t+ o)r atte'$ts
at scentfc 'et+od1 and as 'an contrb)tor to .ight, and after8ards edtor
)ntl +s deat+1 +e $ractcall" re2erted to ($rt)als' +ii,HHK- as a
rel&on19as o$$osed to $s"c+cal researc+ as a scentfc d)t". %nd
ass)redl" t+e rel&o)s '$lcatons of all t+ese $+eno'ena are 8ort+" of
an" 'an5s 'ost sero)s t+o)&+t. B)t t+ose 8+o 'ost feel t+e '$ortance of
t+e et+cal s)$erstr)ct)re are at t+e sa'e t'e 'ost $lanl" bo)nd to treat
t+e establs+'ent of t+e facts at t+e fo)ndaton as no 'ere $ersonal searc+
for a fat+1 to be dro$$ed 8+en $r2ate con2cton +as been attaned1 b)t as a
sero)s1 a contn)o)s1 a $)blc d)t". %nd t+e 'ore con2nced t+e" are t+at
t+er fat+ s so)nd1 t+e 'ore read" s+o)ld t+e" be to face dstr)st and
a2erson1to la" t+er acco)nt for a lon& str)&&le 8t+ t+e vis inerti of t+e
+)'an s$rt.
(tanton /oses 8as llCftted for t+s $atent1 )$+ll tol. In t+e frst $lace
+e lac3ed1and +e readl" and re$eatedl" ad'tted to 'e t+at +e lac3ed1
all 2est&e of scentfc1 or e2en of le&al nstnct. T+e 2er" 8ords frstC+and
e2dence19 conte'$orar" record19 corroborat2e test'on"19 8ere to +'
as a 8earness to t+e fles+. -s attt)de 8as t+at of t+e $reac+er 8+o s
alread" so t+oro)&+l" $ers)aded n +s o8n 'nd t+at +e treats an" alle&ed
fact 8+c+ falls n 8t+ +s 2e8s as t+e )ncrtcsed te#t for fres+
e#+ortaton. %nd n t+e second $lace1t+o)&+ t+s 8as a 'nor 'atter1
+s nat)ral senst2eness 8as so'et'es e#a&&erated b" &o)t and ot+er
8earn& al'ents nto an rrtablt" 8+c+ +e scarcel" felt co'$elled to
conceal n a Do)rnal crc)latn& 'anl" a'on& attac+ed dsc$les.
T+e reason for notcn& t+ese defects s t+at t+e" constt)te t+e onl"
&ro)nd on 8+c+ (tanton /oses5 tr)st8ort+ness as a 8tness to +s o8n
$+eno'ena co)ld $ossbl" be '$)&ned. I 'enton t+e' n order t+at I 'a"
sa" t+at1 +a2n& read1 I t+n31 all t+at +e +as $rnted1 and +a2n& 8atc+ed +s
cond)ct at crtcal 'o'ents1 I see ')c+ &ro)nd for '$)&nn& +s
D)d&'ent1 b)t no &ro)nd 8+ate2er for do)btn& t+at +e +as narrated 8t+
absol)te &ood fat+ t+e stor" of +s o8n e#$erence. -e allo8ed 'e1 before
+e left t+e (ocet"1 to e#a'ne al'ost t+e 8+ole seres of +s a)to'atc
8rtn&s1t+ose es$ecall" 8+c+ contan t+e e2dence on 8+c+ Spirit
(dentity s basedG and n no nstance dd I fnd t+at t+e $rnted state'ent of
an" case 8ent be"ond t+e 8arrant of t+e 'an)scr$t.
/" or&nal '$ressons 8ere stren&t+ened b" t+e o$$ort)nt" 8+c+ I
+ad of e#a'nn& t+e )n$)bls+ed /((. of /r. /oses after +s deat+ on
(e$te'ber ?t+1 *A@.. T+ese consst of t+rt"Cone noteCboo3st8ent"Cfo)r
of a)to'atc scr$t1 fo)r of records of $+"scal $+eno'ena1 and t+ree of
retros$ect and s)''ar". In addton to t+ese1 t+e 'ateral a2alable for a
3no8led&e of /r. /oses5 e#$erences conssts of +s o8n $rnted 8or3s1
and t+e 8rtten and $rnted state'ents of 8tnesses to +s $+eno'ena.
Of t+s a2alable 'ateral a 'ore detaled acco)nt 8ll be fo)nd n 9+3
A1 to&et+er 8t+ a bref record of /r. /oses5 lfe.
9++ . 6t+ t+e e2en tenor of t+s stra&+tfor8ard and re$)table lfe 8as
n8o2en a c+an of '"steres 8+c+1 as I t+n31 n 8+at 8a" soe2er t+e" be
e#$laned1 'a3e t+at lfe one of t+e 'ost e#traordnar" 8+c+ +ii,HHL- o)r
cent)r" +as seen. 4or ts tr)e +stor" les n t+at seres of $+"scal
'anfestatons 8+c+ be&an n *A=. and lasted for so'e e&+t "ears1 and
t+at seres of a)to'atc 8rtn&s and tranceC)tterances 8+c+ be&an n *A=;1
rece2ed a record for so'e ten "ears1 and dd not1 as s bele2ed1 cease
alto&et+er )ntl t+e eart+l" end 8as near.
T+ese t8o seres 8ere nt'atel" connectedG t+e $+"scal $+eno'ena
ben& a2o8edl" des&ned to &2e a)t+ort" to t+e s$eec+es and 8rtn&s
8+c+ $rofessed to e'anate fro' t+e sa'e so)rce. T+ere s no &ro)nd for
se$aratn& t+e t8o &ro)$s1 e#ce$t t+e ob2o)s one t+at t+e a)to'atc
$+eno'ena are less dffc)lt of credence t+an t+e $+"scalG b)t1 for reasons
alread" stated1 t +as see'ed to 'e desrable to e#cl)de t+e latter fro'
detaled treat'ent n t+s 8or3. References to acco)nts of t+e' 8ll1
+o8e2er1 be fo)nd n 9+3 A. T+e" ncl)ded t+e a$$arent $rod)cton of s)c+
$+eno'ena as ntell&ent ra$s1 'o2e'ents of obDects )nto)c+ed1 le2taton1
dsa$$earance and rea$$earance of obDects1 $assa&e of 'atter t+ro)&+
'atter1 drect 8rtn&1 so)nds s)$ernor'all" 'ade on nstr)'ents1 drect
so)nds1 scents1 l&+ts1 obDects 'ateralsed1 +ands 'ateralsed (to)c+ed or
seen). /r. /oses 8as so'et'es1 b)t not al8a"s1 entranced 8+le t+ese
$+"scal $+eno'ena 8ere occ)rrn&. (o'et'es +e 8as entranced and t+e
tranceC)tterance $)r$orted to be t+at of a dscarnate s$rt. %t ot+er t'es1
es$ecall" 8+en alone1 +e 8rote a)to'atcall"1 retann& +s o8n ordnar"
consco)sness 'ean8+le1 and carr"n& on len&t+" dsc)ssons 8t+ t+e
s$rt nfl)ence9 controlln& +s +and and ans8ern& +s E)estons1 &c. %s
a &eneral r)le t+e sa'e alle&ed s$rts bot+ 'anfested t+e'sel2es b" ra$s1
&c.1 at /r. /oses5 sttn&s 8t+ +s frends1 and also 8rote t+ro)&+ +s +and
8+en +e 8as alone. In t+s1 as n ot+er res$ects1 /r. /oses5 t8o seres of
8rtn&s8+en alone and n co'$an"8ere concordant1 and1 so to sa"1
co'$le'entar"Ge#$lanatons ben& &2en b" t+e 8rtn& of 8+at +ad
+a$$ened at t+e sUances. 6+en drect 8rtn&9 8as &2en at t+e sUances t+e
+and8rtn& of eac+ alle&ed s$rt 8as t+e sa'e as t+at 8+c+ t+e sa'e s$rt
8as n t+e +abt of e'$lo"n& n t+e a)to'atc scr$t. T+e cla' to
nd2d)alt" 8as t+)s n all cases decs2el" 'ade.
9+, . !o8 t+e $ersona&es t+)s cla'n& to a$$ear 'a" be d2ded
ro)&+l" nto t+ree classesJ
%.4rst and 'ost '$ortant are a &ro)$ of $ersons recentl" deceased1
and so'et'es1 as 8ll be seen1 'anfestn& t+e'sel2es at t+e sUances
before t+er decease 8as 3no8n t+ro)&+ an" ordnar" c+annel to an" of t+e
$ersons $resent. T+ese s$rts n 'an" nstances &2e tests of dentt"1
'entonn& facts connected 8t+ t+er eart+Cl2es 8+c+ are after8ards
fo)nd to be correct.
B.!e#t co'es a &ro)$ of $ersona&es belon&n& to &eneratons 'ore
re'ote1 and &enerall" of so'e dstncton n t+er da". Groc"n1 t+e frend of
Eras')s1 'a" be ta3en as a t"$e of t+ese. /an" of t+ese also contrb)te
facts as a $roof of dentt"1 8+c+ facts are so'et'es 'ore correct +ii,HHM-
t+an t+e consco)s or ad'tted 3no8led&e of an" of t+e stters co)ld s)$$l".
In s)c+ cases1 +o8e2er1 t+e dffc)lt" of $ro2n& dentt" s ncreased b" t+e
fact t+at 'ost of t+e correct state'ents are readl" accessble n $rnt1 and
'a" conce2abl" +a2e et+er been read and for&otten b" /r. /oses1 or +a2e
beco'e 3no8n to +' b" so'e 3nd of clar2o"ance.
C.% t+rd &ro)$ conssts of s$rts 8+o &2e s)c+ na'es as Rector1
,octor1 T+eo$+l)s1 and1 abo2e all1 I'$erator. T+ese fro' t'e to t'e
re2eal t+e na'es 8+c+ t+e" assert to +a2e been t+ers n eart+Clfe. T+ese
concealed na'es are for t+e 'ost $art bot+ 'ore ll)stro)s1 and 'ore
re'ote1 t+an t+e na'es n Class B1and 8ere 8t++eld b" /r. /oses
+'self1 8+o D)stl" felt t+at t+e ass)'$ton of &reat na'es s l3el" to
d'ns+ rat+er t+an to ncrease t+e 8e&+t of t+e co'')ncaton. -e felt
t+s n +s o8n $ersonG and for a lon& 8+le one of +s 'an st)'bln&C
bloc3s la" n t+ese loft" and )n$ro2able cla's. :lt'atel" +e ca'e to
bele2e e2en n t+ese denttes1 on t+e &eneral &ro)nd t+at teac+ers 8+o +ad
&2en +' so 'an" $roofs bot+ of t+er $o8er and of t+er sero)s nterest n
+s 8elfare 8ere not l3el" to +a2e dece2ed +' on s)c+ a $ont. B)t +e dd
not co)nt )$on a s'lar belef n ot+ers1 and +e e#$ressl" 8s+ed to a2od
see'n& to cla' s$ecal a)t+ort" for t+e teac+n&s on t+e &ro)nd of t+er
alle&ed a)t+ors+$. It ')st be added also t+at so'e of t+ese teac+n&s
t+e'sel2es asserted t+at 8+en t+e na'e of so'e s$rt lon& re'o2ed fro'
eart+ 8as &2en1 t+e rec$ent ')st so'et'es ta3e t+s to '$l" a strea' of
nfl)ence e'anatn& fro' t+at s$rt1 rat+er t+an +s o8n $resence n $erson.
%s to t+e relaton of t+e s$rts to t+e tele3netc $+eno'ena1 t ')st be
re'e'bered t+at t+ese $+eno'ena1 stran&e and &rotesE)e as t+e" often
see'1 cannot be called meaningess. T+e alle&ed o$erators are at $ans
t+ro)&+o)t to descrbe 8+at t+e" re&arded as t+e end, and 8+at 'erel" as
t+e 'eans to t+at end. T+er constantl" a2o8ed obDect 8as t+e $ro')l&aton
t+ro)&+ /r. /oses of certan rel&o)s and $+loso$+cal 2e8sG and t+e
$+"scal 'anfestatons are t+ro)&+o)t descrbed as des&ned 'erel" as a
$roof of $o8er1 and a bass for t+e a)t+ort" cla'ed for t+e sero)s
teac+n&s.
*
T+at t+e" 8ere not $rod)ced fra)d)lentl" b" ,r. ($eer or ot+er stters I
re&ard as $ro2ed bot+ b" 'oral consderatons and b" t+e fact t+at t+e" are
constantl" re$orted as occ)rrn& 8+en /r. /oses 8as alone. T+at /r.
/oses s+o)ld +a2e +'self fra)d)lentl" $rod)ced t+e' I re&ard as bot+
'orall" and $+"scall" ncredble. T+at +e s+o)ld +a2e $re$ared and
$rod)ced t+e' n a state of trance I re&ard bot+ as $+"scall" ncredble and
also as entrel" nconsstent 8t+ t+e tenor bot+ of +s o8n re$orts and of
t+ose of +s frends. I t+erefore re&ard t+e re$orted $+eno'ena as +a2n&
act)all" occ)rred n a &en)nel" s)$ernor'al 'anner.
+ii,HHN-
9+' . I no8 $ass on to consder brefl" t+e nat)re of t+e e2dence t+at t+e
alle&ed s$rts 8ere 8+at t+e" $)r$orted to be1 as descrbed1 n t+e frst
$lace1 n /r. /oses5 boo3s of a)to'atc 8rtn&. T+e contents of t+ese
boo3s consst $artl" of 'essa&es tendn& to $ro2e t+e dentt" of
co'')ncatn& s$rtsG $artl" of dsc)ssons or e#$lanatons of t+e $+"scal
$+eno'enaG and $artl" of rel&o)s and 'oral dsE)stons.
T+ese a)to'atc 'essa&es 8ere al'ost 8+oll" 8rtten b" /r. /oses5
o8n +and1 8+le +e 8as n a nor'al 8a3n& state. T+e e#ce$tons are of t8o
3nds1 (*) T+ere s one lon& $assa&e1 alle&ed b" /r. /oses to +a2e been
8rtten b" +'self 8+le n a state of trance. (.) T+ere are1 +ere and t+ere1 a
fe8 8ords alle&ed to be n drect 8rtn&98rtten1 t+at s to sa"1 b"
n2sble +ands1 b)t n /r. /oses5 $resenceG as se2eral t'es descrbed n
t+e notes of sUances 8+ere ot+er $ersons 8ere $resent.
P)ttn& t+ese e#ce$tonal nstances asde1 8e fnd t+at t+e 8rtn&s
&enerall" ta3e t+e for' of a dalo&)e1 /r. /oses $ro$osn& a E)eston n +s
ordnar" t+c31 blac3 +and8rtn&. %n ans8er s t+en &enerall"1 t+o)&+ not
al8a"s1 &2enG 8rtten also b" /r. /oses1 and 8t+ t+e sa'e $en1 b)t n
so'e one of 2aro)s scr$ts 8+c+ dffer 'ore or less 8del" fro' +s o8n.
/r. /oses5 o8n descr$ton of t+e $rocess1 as &2en n t+e $reface to Spirit
Teachings, 'a" be st)ded 8t+ ad2anta&e. I E)ote t+s n 9+' A.
% $rolon&ed st)d" of t+e /(. boo3s +as re2ealed not+n& nconsstent
8t+ t+s descr$ton. I +a2e '"self1 of co)rse1 searc+ed t+e' caref)ll" for
an" s&n of conf)son or alteraton1 b)t 8t+o)t fndn& an"G and I +a2e
s+o8n $arts of t+e' to 2aro)s frends1 8+o +a2e seen no $onts of
s)s$con. It see's $lan1 'oreo2er1 t+at t+e 2aro)s entres 8ere 'ade at or
abo)t t+e dates to 8+c+ t+e" are ascrbed. T+e" contan constant references
to t+e sUances 8+c+ 8ent on conc)rrentl"1 and 8+ose dates are
nde$endentl" 3no8nG and n t+e later boo3s1 records of so'e of t+ese
sUances are nters$ersed n t+er d)e $laces a'on&st ot+er 'atter. T+e /((.
contan also a n)'ber of all)sons to ot+er conte'$oraneo)s facts1 'an" of
8+c+ are nde$endentl" 3no8n to '"self.
I t+n31 'oreo2er1 t+at no one 8+o +ad st)ded t+ese entres t+ro)&+o)t
8o)ld do)bt t+e or&nall" $r2ate and nt'ate c+aracter of 'an" of t+e'.
T+e tone of t+e s$rts to8ards /r. /oses +'self s +abt)all" co)rteo)s
and res$ectf)l. B)t occasonall" t+e" +a2e so'e crtcs' 8+c+ $erces to
t+e E)c31 and 8+c+ &oes far to e#$lan to 'e /r. /oses5 )n8lln&ness to
+a2e t+e boo3s f)ll" ns$ected d)rn& +s lfet'e. -e dd1 no do)bt1
conte'$late t+er ben& at least read b" frends after +s deat+G and t+ere are
ndcatons t+at t+ere 'a" +a2e been a stll 'ore $r2ate boo31 no8
do)btless destro"ed1 to 8+c+ 'essa&es of an nt'ate c+aracter 8ere
so'et'es cons&ned.
9+* . T+e E)estons at ss)e1 n s+ort1 as to t+ese 'essa&es1 refer not so
')c+ to t+er genuineness as to t+er authenticity1 n t+e $ro$er sense of +ii,
HHO- t+ose 8ords. T+at t+e" 8ere 8rtten do8n n &ood fat+ b" /r. /oses
as $roceedn& fro' t+e $ersona&es 8+ose na'es are s&ned to t+e'1 t+ere
can be lttle do)bt. B)t as to 8+et+er t+e" dd reall" $roceed fro' t+ose
$ersona&es or no t+ere 'a" n 'an" cases be 2er" &reat do)btGa do)bt
8+c+ I1 at least1 s+all be E)te )nable to re'o2e. B" t+e 2er" condtons of
t+e co'')ncaton t+e" cannot s+o8 co''andn& ntellect1 or teac+
entrel" ne8 tr)t+s1 snce t+er 'anfestatons are e0 hypothesi l'ted b"
t+e ca$act"not b" t+e $re2o)s Bno#edge, b)t b" t+e $re2o)s capacity
of t+e 'ed)'. %nd f t+e" &2e facts not consco)sl" 3no8n to t+e
'ed)'facts +o8e2er elaboratet 'a"1 of co)rse1 be s)&&ested t+at
t+ese facts +a2e been subiminay acquired b" t+e 'ed)' t+ro)&+ so'e
)nconsco)s $assa&e of t+e e"e o2er a $rnted $a&e1 or else t+at t+e" are
cairvoyanty earnt, 8t+o)t t+e a&enc" of an" b)t t+e 'ed)'5s o8n 'nd1
t+o)&+ actn& n a s)$ernor'al fas+on.
T+s s no 'erel" fancf)l +"$ot+essG nor s t a +"$ot+ess dero&ator"
to /r. /oses5 o8n $robt". On t+e contrar"1 as 8ll be $resentl" seen1 +e
+'self $ro'nentl" $)ts fort+ t+e crc)'stance (Rector5s co$"n& fro' a
closed boo31 an acco)nt of 8+c+ I &2e n 9+* A)1 8+c+ tells 'ost stron&l"
for t+e 2e8 t+at t+e alle&ed re'ote denttes 'a" not reall" be concerned
at all. !a"1 t+e &)des t+e'sel2es e#$ressl" state> propos of so'e bref
acco)nts of ')scans sad to be nterested n /r. C+arlton ($eert+at
s$rts can refer to boo3s1 e.g. t+er o8n bo&ra$+es1 and refres+ t+er
'e'or" t+ereb". T+s ad'sson of co)rse lea2es )s 8t+ not+n& 'ore t+an
t+e 8ord of I'$erator to $ro2e t+at1 sa"1 Robert of Glo)cester1 or Geoffre"
of /on'o)t+ (8+o 'erel" &2e facts abo)t t+er o8n 8rtn&s)1 8ere n
realt" $resent. ()c+ &)aranteeso'et'es onl" ndrectl" '$led8as
eno)&+ for /r. /oses at t+e t'eG es$ecall" snce t+ese re'oter s$rts
ca'e n nter'#t)re 8t+ nearer s$rts1 8+ose dentt" +e bele2ed co)ld be
better $ro2ed. B)t n a sero)s tal3 8t+ 'e on t+e 'atter n *AAB +e
8t+dre8 ')c+ of t+s certant"Gsa"n& t+at n t+e case of so'e of t+e
')scal s$rts es$ecall" +e +ad +ad no n8ard sensaton of a s$rt5s
$resence1s)c+ as +e +ad n so'e ot+er cases of nearer9 s$rts. -e
re$)dated1 +o8e2er1 t+e dea of s)bconsco)s 'e'or" on +s $art of 8ords
act)all" seen b" +'selfG feeln& s)re t+at so'e of t+e facts a)to'atcall"
8rtten +ad ne2er been beneat+ +s e"es. T+s 'a" 2er" 8ell be t+e caseG as
+e +ad not1 I t+n31 'ore t+an a 'ere sc+ool'aster5s acE)antance 8t+
En&ls+ lterat)re and +stor"G not1 ndeed1 so ')c+ as 8o)ld no8ada"s be
e#$ected fro' an En&ls+ 'aster n a sc+ool as &ood as t+at 8+ere +e +eld a
$ost. I D)d&e t+s lar&el" fro' t+e !otes b" t+e 6a"19 8+c+ +e contrb)ted
to .ight for 'an" "ears1 and n 8+c+ +e 8as certanl" not 'n'sn& +s
act)al store of 3no8led&e. B)t be t+s as t 'a"1 I cannot fnd n t+ese
+storcal co'')ncatons an" $ro2able fact 8+c+ '&+t not +a2e been
dra8n fro' so'e farl" accessble $rnted so)rce. T+ere 8ere certan
stanNas fro' L"d&ate1 8rtten b" t+e alle&ed Vac+ar" Gra" Lor Gre"M1 8+c+
/r. +ii,HIP- Perc2al 2erfed n t+e Brts+ /)se)'. B)t t+ese are to be
fo)nd n 6arton5s 8ngish &oetry/ fro' 8+c+ t+e" re$rod)ce (as Professor
(3eat +as 3ndl" $onted o)t to 'e) a $+lolo&cal error of 6arton5s o8n.
T+e $o8er of readn& closed boo3s 8as e#$ressl" attrb)ted to Vac+ar"
Gre"G and f +e reall" $ossessed t +e $robabl" e#ercsed t +ereG &2n&
t+ereb"1 of co)rse1 no $artc)lar $roof t+at +e 8as Vac+ar" Gre" rat+er t+an
an" ot+er s$rt.
9+) . T+e e2dence for dentt" obtaned b" /r. /oses n t+e case of
s$rts recentl" de$arted see's at frst s&+t 'ore satsfactor". (o'e cases
of t+s class are &2en n 9+) A 1 and 'an" ot+ers are to be fo)nd n t+e
records of +s e#$erences. In t+ese cases1 +o8e2er1 as n t+e +storcal ones1
t s often dffc)lt to 'a3e s)re t+at t+e facts stated 8ere not 8t+n t+e
s)bl'nal 3no8led&e of t+e a)to'atst. (o'et'es t see's t+at t+e" 'a"
+a2e been &at+ered fro' obt)ar" notces1 cas)all" obser2ed n &lancn&
o2er ne8s$a$ers 8t+o)t t+e co&nsance of t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness
(e.g. n t+e cases of E'l" C. and Rosa'ra Lancaster)G or s'larl" fro'
to'bCstones (e.g. n t+e cases of E'l" C. and Cecla 4elden)G or na'es
and facts relatn& to $ersons 3no8n to t+e stters1 b)t not to /r. /oses (e.g.
%. P. Rr3land1 ,r. ($eer5s sster1 Cecla 4elden and /aran T''ns)1
'a" $er+a$s +a2e been 'entoned n +s +earn& and s)bl'nall"
re'e'bered. 4ann" 6estob"19 a&an1 re'nded +' of for&otten facts t+at
+ad occ)rred d)rn& +s o8n c+ld+ood. !)'ero)s detals relatn& to
T+o'as 6lson1 Bs+o$ of (odor and /an at t+e be&nnn& of t+e
e&+teent+ cent)r"1 8ere &2en (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.1 $$. =<K?
and AA)1 b)t are to be fo)nd n +s $)bls+ed Lfe19 8+c+ /r. /oses 'a"
$ossbl" +a2e 'et 8t+ d)rn& +s c)rac" n t+e Isle of /an.
*
T+e case of
-UlPne ('t+ . )3+ K)+(/ +as s+o8n )s +o8 farCreac+n& 'a" be t+e
fac)ltes of +"$erFst+esa and +"$er'nesa n t+e s)bl'nal selfG b)t n
2e8 of t+e t+en &eneral &norance of t+e scentfc 8orld on t+s s)bDect1 t
s not s)r$rsn& t+at bot+ /r. /oses and +s frends absol)tel" reDected t+s
e#$lanaton of +s $+eno'ena1 and t+at t+e e2dence a$$eared to t+e' 'ore
concl)s2e t+an t $ossbl" can to )s. 6+et+er or not t+e alle&ed s$rts 8ere
concerned1as 'a" so'et'es1 of co)rse1 +a2e been t+e case18e can
+ardl" a2od t+n3n& t+at t+e s)bl'nal self of t+e 'ed)' $la"ed at least
a consderable $art n t+e co'')ncatons.
9+9 . In t8o cases t+e anno)nce'ent of a deat+ 8as 'ade to /r. /oses1
8+en t+e ne8s 8as a$$arentl" not 3no8n to +' b" an" nor'al 'eans. One
of t+ese (t+e case of Presdent Garfeld) s &2en n 9+) B . T+e ot+er1 8+c+
I no8 $roceed to reco)nt (fro' '" artcle n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$.
@B et seq.) s n so'e 8a"s t+e 'ost re'ar3able of all1 fro' t+e seres of
c+ances 8+c+ +a2e been needf)l n order to establs+ ts 2eract". T+e s$rt
n E)eston s t+at of a lad" +ii,HIG- 3no8n to 'e1 8+o' /r. /oses +ad
'et1 I bele2e1 once onl"1 and 8+o' I s+all call Blanc+e %bercro'b". T+e
$)blcaton of t+e tr)e na'e 8as forbdden b" t+e s$rt +erself1 for a reason
8+c+ 8as at once ob2o)s to 'e 8+en I read t+e case1 b)t 8+c+ 8as not1
so far as I can tell1 f)ll" 3no8n to /r. /oses. T+e lad"5s son1 8+o' I +a2e
snce cons)lted1 s)$$orts t+e $ro+btonG and I +a2e conseE)entl" c+an&ed
t+e na'e and o'tted t+e dates.
T+s lad" ded on a ()nda" afternoon1 abo)t t8ent"Cf2e "ears a&o1 at a
co)ntr" +o)se abo)t .>> 'les fro' London. -er deat+1 8+c+ 8as
re&arded as an e2ent of $)blc nterest1 8as at once tele&ra$+ed to London1
and a$$eared n /onda"5s Times/ b)t1 of co)rse1 on ()nda" e2enn& no one
n London1 sa2e t+e Press and $er+a$s t+e ''edate fa'l"1 8as co&nsant
of t+e fact. It 8ll be seen t+at on t+at e2enn&1 near 'dn&+t1 a
co'')ncaton1 $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' +er1 8as 'ade to /r. /oses at +s
secl)ded lod&n&s n t+e nort+ of London. T+e dentt" 8as so'e da"s later
corroborated b" a fe8 lnes $)r$ortn& to co'e drectl" fro' +er1 and to be
n +er +and8rtn&. T+ere s no reason to s)$$ose t+at /r. /oses +ad e2er
seen t+s +and8rtn&. -s one 3no8n 'eetn& 8t+ t+s lad" and +er
+)sband +ad been at a sUancenot1 of co)rse1 of +s o8n8+ere +e +ad
been offended b" t+e stron&l" e#$ressed dsbelef of t+e +)sband n t+e
$ossblt" of an" s)c+ $+eno'ena.
On rece2n& t+ese 'essa&es /r. /oses see's to +a2e 'entoned t+e'
to no one1 and s'$l" &)''ed do8n t+e $a&es n +s /(. boo31 'ar3n&
t+e boo3 o)tsde Pr2ate /atter.9 T+e boo3 8+en $laced n '" +ands 8as
stll t+)s &)''ed do8n1 alt+o)&+ /rs. ($eer 8as co&nsant of t+e
co'')ncaton. I o$ened t+e $a&es (as nstr)cted b" t+e e#ec)tors)1 and
8as s)r$rsed to fnd a bref letter 8+c+1 t+o)&+ contann& no defnte
facts1 8as entrel" c+aracterstc of t+e Blanc+e %bercro'b" 8+o' I +ad
3no8n. B)t alt+o)&+ I +ad rece2ed letters fro' +er n lfe1 I +ad no
recollecton of +er +and8rtn&. I +a$$ened to 3no8 a son of +ers
s)ffcentl" 8ell to be able to as3 +s ad1ad 8+c+1 I 'a" add1 +e 8o)ld
+a2e been 'ost )nl3el" to afford to a stran&er. -e lent 'e a letter for
co'$arson. T+e stron& rese'blance 8as at once ob2o)s1 b)t t+e %. of t+e
s)rna'e 8as 'ade n t+e letter n a 8a" E)te dfferent fro' t+at ado$ted n
t+e a)to'atc scr$t. T+e son t+en allo8ed 'e to st)d" a lon& seres of
letters1 reac+n& do8n tll al'ost t+e date of +er deat+. 4ro' t+ese t
a$$eared t+at d)rn& t+e last "ear of +er lfe s+e +ad ta3en to 8rtn& t+e %
(as +er +)sband +ad al8a"s done) n t+e 8a" n 8+c+ t 8as 8rtten n t+e
a)to'atc scr$t.
T+e rese'blance of +and8rtn& a$$eared bot+ to t+e son and to '"self
to be ncontestableG b)t as 8e desred an e#$erenced o$non +e allo8ed 'e
to s)b't t+e noteCboo3 and t8o letters to ,r. -od&son. Readers of t+e
&roceedings (.P.R. (2ol. . $$. .>*K<>*)1 'a" re'e'ber t+at ,r. -od&son
s)cceeded n tracn& t+e a)t+ors+$ of t+e Root -oo'9 letters to /ada'e
Bla2ats3" and to ,a'odar1 b" e2dence +ii,HIH- based on a 'n)te anal"ss
of +and8rtn&. %s re&ards t+e $resent 'atter1 ,r. -od&son re$orted as
follo8sJ
? BOYL(TO! PL%CE1 BO(TO!1 September **th1 *A@;.
I +a2e co'$ared t+e 8rtn& n)'bered *.; n t+e noteCboo3 of /r.
(tanton /oses1 8t+ e$stles of 7an)ar" <t+1 *A1 and (e$te'ber *@t+1 *A
1 8rtten b" B.%. T+e noteCboo3 8rtn& bears 'an" 'nor rese'blances
to t+at of t+e e$stles1 and t+ere are also se2eral 'nor dfferences n t+e
for'atons of so'e of t+e letters1 D)d&n& at least fro' t+e t8o e$stles
s)b'tted to 'eG b)t t+e rese'blances are 'ore c+aracterstc t+an t+e
dfferences. In addton1 t+ere are se2eral str3n& $ec)lartes co''on to
t+e e$stles and t+e noteCboo3 8rtn&1 8+c+ a$$ear to be es$ecall"
e'$+assed n t+e latter. T+e noteCboo3 8rtn& s)&&ests t+at ts a)t+or 8as
atte'$tn& to re$rod)ce t+e B.%. 8rtn& b" recalln& to 'e'or" ts c+ef
$ec)lartes1 and not b" co$"n& fro' s$ec'ens of t+e B.%. 8rtn&. T+e
s&nat)re es$ecall" n t+e noteCboo3 8rtn& s c+aracterstcall" l3e an
'taton fro' 'e'or" of B.%.5s s&nat)re. I +a2e no do)bt 8+ate2er t+at
t+e $erson 8+o 8rote t+e noteCboo3 8rtn& ntended to re$rod)ce t+e
8rtn& of B.%.
RIC-%R, -O,G(O!.
T+e c+ances necessar" to sec)re a 2erfcaton of t+s case 8ere 'ore
co'$le# t+an can +ere be f)ll" e#$laned. T+s lad"1 8+o 8as E)te alen to
t+ese researc+es1 +ad been dead abo)t t8ent" "ears 8+en +er $ost+)'o)s
letter 8as dsco2ered n /r. /oses5 $r2ate noteCboo3 b" one of t+e 2er"
fe8 s)r22n& $ersons 8+o +ad bot+ 3no8n +er 8ell eno)&+ to reco&nse
t+e c+aracterstc E)alt" of t+e 'essa&e1 and 8ere also s)ffcentl"
nterested n s$rt dentt" to &et t+e +and8rtn&s co'$ared and t+e case
recorded.
T+e entres n t+e /(. boo3s 8ll no8 be E)oted. T+e co'')ncatons
be&an 8t+ so'e obsc)re dra8n&s1 a$$arentl" re$resentn& t+e fl&+t of a
brd.
%. It s s$rt 8+o +as b)t D)st E)tted t+e bod". Blanc+e %bercro'b" n
t+e fles+. I +a2e bro)&+t +er. !o 'ore. /.9
X. ,o "o) 'ean W
!o re$l". ()nda" n&+t abo)t 'dn&+t. T+e nfor'aton s )n3no8n to
'e.
/onda" 'ornn&.
X. I 8s+ for nfor'aton abo)t last n&+t. Is t+at tr)eW 6as t /entorW
%. Yes1 &ood frend1 t 8as /entor1 8+o too3 $t" on a s$rt t+at 8as
desro)s to re2erse for'er errors. (+e desres )s to sa" so. (+e 8as e2er an
enE)rn& s$rt1 and 8as called s)ddenl" fro' "o)r eart+. (+e 8ll rest
anon. One 'ore $roof +as been no8 &2en of contn)t" of e#stence. Be
t+an3f)l and 'edtate 8t+ $ra"er. (ee3 not 'ore no81 b)t cease. 6e do not
8s+ "o) to as3 an" E)estons no8.9
x I J ( J ,. \ Rector.9
L% 8ee3 later.M
X. Can "o) 8rte for 'e no8W
%. Yes1 t+e c+ef s +ere.9
+ii,HII-
X. -o8 8as t t+at s$rt LBlanc+e %bercro'b"5sM ca'e to 'eW
%. T+e 'nd 8as drected to t+e s)bDect1 and ben& act2e1 t $roDected
tself to "o). /oreo2er1 8e 8ere &lad to be able to afford "o) anot+er $roof
of o)r desre to do 8+at s n o)r $o8er to brn& +o'e to "o) e2dence of
t+e tr)t+ of 8+at 8e sa".9
X. Is t correct to sa" t+at t+e drecton of t+o)&+t ca)ses t+e s$rt to be
$resentW
%. In so'e cases t s so. Great act2t" of s$rt1 co)$led 8t+ an#et"
to dsco2er tr)t+ and to see3 nto t+e +dden ca)ses of t+n&s1 contn)e to
'a3e t $ossble for a s$rt to 'anfest. /oreo2er1 drecton of t+o)&+t
&2es 8+at "o) 8o)ld call drecton or localt" to t+e t+o)&+t. B" t+at 8e
'ean t+at t+e nstnct2e tendenc" of t+e desre or t+o)&+t ca)ses a
$ossblt" of obDect2e 'anfestaton. T+en b" t+e +el$ of t+ose 8+o1 l3e
o)rsel2es1 are s3lled n 'ana&n& t+e ele'ents1 'anfestaton beco'es
$ossble. T+s 8o)ld not +a2e been $ossble n t+s case1 onl" t+at 8e too3
ad2anta&e of 8+at 8o)ld +a2e $assed )nnotced n order to 8or3 o)t
anot+er $roof of t+e realt" of o)r 'sson. It s necessar" t+at t+ere s+o)ld
be a co'bnaton of crc)'stances before s)c+ a 'anfestaton can be
$ossble. %nd t+at co'bnaton s rare. -ence t+e nfreE)enc" of s)c+
e2ents1 and t+e dffc)lt" 8e +a2e n arran&n& t+e'J es$ecall" 8+en
an#et" enters nto t+e 'atter1 as n t+e case of a frend 8+ose $resence s
earnestl" desred. It '&+t 8ell be t+at so read" a $roof as t+s '&+t not
occ)r a&an.9
X. T+en a co'bnaton of fa2o)rable crc)'stances aded "o). 6ll t+e
s$rt rest1 or does t not reE)re tW
%. 6e do not 3no8 t+e destn" of t+at s$rt. It 8ll $ass o)t of o)r
control. Crc)'stances enabled )s to )se ts $resenceJ b)t t+at $resence 8ll
not be 'antaned.9
X. If drecton of t+o)&+t ca)ses 'oton1 I s+o)ld +a2e t+o)&+t t 8o)ld
be so 8t+ o)r frends and t+at t+e" 8o)ld t+erefore be 'ore l3el" to co'e.
%. It s not t+at alone. !or s t so 8t+ all. %ll cannot co'e to eart+.
%nd not n all cases does 2olton or t+o)&+t ca)se )non of so)ls. /an"
ot+er adD)ncts are necessar" before s)c+ can be. /ateral obstacles 'a"
$re2ent1 and t+e &)ardans 'a" o$$ose. 6e are not able to $)rs)e t+e
s)bDect no81 seen& t+at 8e 8rte 8t+ dffc)lt". %t anot+er t'e 8e 'a"
res)'e. Cease for t+e $resent and do not see3 f)rt+er.9
x I J ( J ,. Rector.9
% fe8 da"s later1 /r. /oses sa"sJ
X. T+e s$rt B.%. be&an b" dra8n&. 6as t +erselfW
%. 6t+ assstance. (+e co)ld not 8rte. One da" f s+e s able to ret)rn
a&an1 s+e 8ll be 'ore able to e#$ress +er t+o)&+ts.9
X. I re'e'ber t+at $oor 'an 8+o 8as 3lled b" t+e stea'Croller dre8.
*
%. ,o not d8ell on +' lest "o) be 2e#ed. -e 8as not able to e#$ress
+'self. %nd e2en as t+e )nde2elo$ed +)'an 'nd beta3es tself to s"'bols
to s)$$le'ent defect of lan&)a&eJ so do s$rts see3 to ll)strate t+at 8+c+
t+e" cannot )tter. (o t+e -ol" /ad Lof RentM dre8 8+en s+e a$$eared. (+e
+as no8 $ro&ressed1 and s $ro&ressn&1 +a2n& cast asde t+e 8e&+t t+at
+ndered +er.9
+ii,HIJ-
X. I a' &lad. 6ll s+e co'e bac3W
%. It 'a" be1 b)t not no8.9
L% fe8 da"s later.M
%. % s$rt 8+o +as before co'')ncated 8ll 8rte for "o) +erself.
(+e 8ll t+en lea2e "o)1 +a2n& &2en t+e e2dence t+at s reE)red.9
I s+o)ld ')c+ l3e to s$ea3 'ore 8t+ "o)1 b)t t s not $er'tted. Yo)
+a2e sacred tr)t+. I 3no8 b)t lttle "et. I +a2e ')c+1 ')c+ to learn.
BL%!C-E %BERCRO/BY.
It s l3e '" 8rtn& as e2dence to "o).9
9,0 . T+e leadn& $ersona&e n t+e t+rd and 'ost re'ote &ro)$ of
s$rts s t+e one 3no8n as I'$erator.9
T+s s$rt cla's res$onsblt" for t+e 8+ole seres of 'anfestatons1
and s+o)ld t+erefore be 'entoned +ere1 alt+o)&+ t+ere s no $roof of +s
dentt" 8t+ t+e +storcal $ersona&e 8+o' +e asserts +'self to be. -s
c+aracter1 +o8e2er1 cla'ed and obtaned /r. /oses5 entre confdence. -e
ans8ers for t+e dentt" and 2eract" of s$rts ntrod)cedG +e e#$lans t+e
$+eno'ena1 so far as t+e" are e#$lanedG and +e t+ro)&+o)t '$resses on
/r. /oses +s o8n teac+n&.
If s)c+ +&+ and s8ee$n& cla's 8ere 'ade b" an" ordnar" 8rter1 8e
s+o)ld e#$ect to fnd ')c+ n t+e co)rse of +s 8rtn&s 8+c+ 8o)ld $ro2e
t+er e#tra2a&ance. If 8e as3 o)rsel2es +o8 to ds$ro2e I'$erator5s cla's
8e s+all fnd no 2er" defnte ans8er. In t+e teac+n&s t+e'sel2es1 +o8e2er1
t s o2er and o2er a&an e'$+assed t+at t+ere ')st be dstorton of t+e
'essa&es o8n& to t+er $assa&e t+ro)&+ t+e 'ed)'stc c+annel1 and f1 as
s $ossble1 t+ere 'a" +a2e been t+)s an ncrease of acc)rac" n so'e cases
8+ere /r1 /oses +ad so'e defnte s)bl'nal 3no8led&e1 t+ere 'a" also
+a2e been 'an" ca)ses of error d)e to +s t+eolo&cal and ot+er do&'atc
$reconce$tons. 6t+ re&ard to t+e ot+er re'ote co'')ncators1 t+ese1
accordn& to t+e e#$lanatons &2en b" I'$erator1 are +&+ s$rts1 a'n& at
t+e ad2ance of 3no8led&e1 and es$ecall" of rel&on1 8+o +a2e been able to
dscern /r. /oses5 &fts1 and +a2e to so'e e#tent t+e'sel2es traned +'
for t+e $)r$ose reE)red. T+e" +a2e 'odfed +s earl" lfeJ for nstance1 b"
$ro'$tn& +' to +s $erod of retre'ent on /o)nt %t+os1 and b" 3ee$n&
+' fro' 8s+n& to 'arr". (o'e of t+ese s$rts1 +o8e2er1 stand n 2er"
dstant relaton to /r. /oses1 and t+er ndcatons of $resence or
collaboraton are of a $)rel" arbtrar" 3nd.
T+ere are a &ro)$ of s$rts1 t s sad1 belon&n& to 2aro)s a&es and
co)ntres1 8+o are )nted b" t+er desre to nfor' 'an3nd of t+er destn"
and d)tes. Eac+ 'e'ber of t+s &ro)$ desres to s+o8 a$$ro2al 8+en an
atte'$t s 'ade at s)c+ co'')ncaton. T+e" cannot all ta3e an act2e
s+are1 b)t1 8+le so'e 8or3 act2el"1 ot+ers e#$ress s"'$at+" b" c+oosn&
et+er a s&nat)re1 or so'e s$ecal $+"scal 'anfestaton1 to be assocated
8t+ t+er na'es1 e2en f not act)all" $rod)ced b" t+e'sel2es. +ii,HIK- T+s
for' of co'')ncaton s of co)rse not 'eant to be n tself evidentia/ t
de$ends on t+e confdence re$osed n t+e control9 n c+ar&e of t+e
'anfestatonsG')c+ as 8+en letters of enco)ra&e'ent are read at a
$)blc 'eetn&1 t+er &en)neness s ta3en on tr)st fro' t+e c+ar'an. E2en
8+en t+e +and8rtn& $rod)ced (et+er a)to'atcall" t+ro)&+ t+e 'ed)'1
or directy, 8t+o)t t+e nter2enton of +)'an +ands)1 rese'bles t+at of t+e
deceased $erson1 t+s1 as else8+ere e#$laned1 does not n tself $ro2e
dentt". 6ellC3no8n s&nat)res es$ecall" 'a" be co$ed b" ot+er s$rts.
%s soon1 +o8e2er1 as t s )nderstood t+at s)c+ 'essa&es are not
ntended to be e2dental1 t see's not )nnat)ral t+at t+e" s+o)ld be &2en
t+)s. It needs no dero&aton fro' t+e d&nt" of e2en t+e +&+est s$rt to
e#$ress +s sancton of an" sc+e'e des&ned to con2e" to 'en of
&ood8ll19 n fas+on +o8e2er +)'ble and )nass)'n&1 so'e 'essa&e of
t+er eternal fate.
B)t 8+ere dentt" s absol)tel" )n$ro2able1 as n t+e case of t+s &ro)$
of 'en of old t'e19 t 8o)ld be f)tle to dsc)ss t+e $robabltes on et+er
sde. I cannot bla'e /r. /oses for +s nD)ncton to lea2e t+ese s$rts
e'nent b)t not ,2ne)nder t+e 'as3 of t+e s"'bolc ttles 8+c+ t+e"
c+ose to ass)'e. -s re2erence for I'$erator 8as of a flal t"$e 8+c+ led
+' to desre t+at alt+o)&+ t+ere ')st be dsc)sson abo)t t+e doctrnes1
t+ere s+o)ld be none abo)t t+e act)al $ersonalt" of t+e teac+er to 8+o' +e
felt t+at +e o8ed all t+at 8as best n +s o8n nner lfe.
9,1 . 6e ')st no8 brefl" &o t+ro)&+ t+e $onts 8+c+ 'a3e s)c+
'essa&es as 8ere rece2ed b" /r. /oses primF $acie e2dental1 8+c+
ndcate1 t+at s to sa"1 t+at t+e" act)all" do co'e n so'e 8a" fro' t+er
alle&ed so)rce. % bref reca$t)laton of t+e 'an sta&es of e2dental E)alt"
n 'essa&es &2en b" a)to'atc 8rtn& or b" tranceC)tterances s all t+at
8ll be needed +ere.
(*) E2dentall" lo8est co'es t+e class of 'essa&es 8+c+ s b" far t+e
'ost co''onG 'essa&es1 na'el"1 n 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ so'e s$ecal dentt"
'a" be cla'ed1 all t+e facts &2en +a2e been consco)sl" 3no8n to t+e
a)to'atst. -ere 8e 'a" 8ell s)$$ose t+at +s o8n $ersonalt" alone s
concerned1 and t+at t+e 'essa&es +a2e a subimina, b)t not an e0terna
so)rce.
(.) !e#t abo2e t+ese co'e 'essa&es contann& facts l3el" to be 3no8n
to t+e alle&ed s$rt1 and not consco)sl" 3no8n to t+e a)to'atstG b)t 8+c+
facts 'a" ne2ert+eless +a2e so'e t'e been noted b" t+e a)to'atst1 e2en
)n8ttn&l"1 and 'a" +a2e t+)s obtaned lod&'ent n +s s)bl'nal
'e'or".
(;) !e#t co'e facts 8+c+ can be $ro2ed18t+ s)c+ 2ar"n& de&rees
of certant" as s)c+ ne&at2e $roof allo8s1ne2er to +a2e been n an" 8a"
3no8n to t+e a)to'atstG b)t 8+c+ ne2ert+eless are easl" to be fo)nd n
boo3sG so t+at t+e" 'a" +a2e been learnt clar2o"antl" b" t+e a)to'atst +ii,
HIL- +'self1 or learnt and co'')ncated to +' b" so'e 'nd ot+er t+an
t+at of t+e alle&ed s$rt.
(<) !e#t co'e facts 8+c+ can be $ro2ed1 8t+ s'lar 2ar"n& de&rees
of certant" accordn& to t+e crc)'stances1 ne2er to +a2e been 3no8n to
t+e a)to'atst1 or recorded n $rntG b)t 8+c+ 8ere 3no8n to t+e alle&ed
s$rt and can be 2erfed b" t+e 'e'ores of l2n& $ersons.
(?) %bo2e t+s a&an 8o)ld co'e t+at class of e0perimenta 'essa&es1
or $ost+)'o)s letters1 of 8+c+ 8e +a2e as "et 2er" fe8 &ood e#a'$les (see
)*')G 8+ere t+e de$arted $erson +as before deat+ arran&ed so'e s$ecal test
so'e fact or sentence 3no8n onl" to +'self1 8+c+ +e s to trans't after
deat+1 f $ossble1 as a to3en of +s ret)rn.
9,( . (B) T+)s ')c+ for t+e 2aro)s 3nds of 2erbal 'essa&es1 8+c+ can
be 3e$t and anal"sed at les)re. 6e ')st no8 t)rn to e2dence of a dfferent
and not $recsel" co'$arable 3nd. In $ont of fact t s not t+ese nferences
fro' 8rtten 'atter 8+c+ +a2e co''onl" been 'ost effcaco)s n
co'$elln& t+e s)r22or5s belef n t+e realt" of t+e frend5s ret)rn. 6+et+er
lo&call" or no1 t s not so ')c+ t+e 8rtten 'essa&e t+at +e tr)sts1 b)t so'e
$+anto' of face and 2oce t+at +e 3ne8 so 8ell. It s t+s fa'lar
con2ncn& $resence1c A u 1on 8+c+ t+e
$erc$ent +as al8a"s nssted1 snce %c+lles stro2e n 2an to e'brace
Patrocl)s5 s+ade.
-o8 far s)c+ a $+antas' s n fact a $roof of an" real acton on t+e $art
of t+e s$rt t+)s reco&nsed s a $roble' 8+c+ +as been dealt 8t+ alread"
n C+a$ter VII. T+e )$s+ot of o)r e2dence to '" 'nd s t+at alt+o)&+ t+e
a$$arton of a de$arted $erson cannot per se ran3 as e2dence of +s
$resence1 "et t+s s not a s+a$e 8+c+ $)rel" +all)cnator" $+antas's see'
often to ass)'eG and f t+ere be an" corroborat2e e2dence1 as1 for nstance1
8rtn& 8+c+ cla's to co'e fro' t+e sa'e $erson1 t+e c+ance t+at +e s
reall" o$erat2e s consderable. In /r. /oses5 case al'ost all t+e f&)res
8+c+ +e sa8 bro)&+t 8t+ t+e' so'e corroboraton b" 8rtn&1 tranceC
)tterance1 &est)reC'essa&es (as 8+ere a f&)re 'a3es s&ns of assent or
dssent)1 or ra$s.
(=) %nd t+s brn&s )s to a class of cases lar&el" re$resented n /r.
/oses5 seres1 8+ere 8rtn&s $rofessn& to co'e fro' a certan s$rt are
s)$$orted b" $+"scal $+eno'ena of 8+c+ t+at s$rt cla's also to be t+e
a)t+or. 6+et+er s)c+ a lne of $roof can e2er be 'ade lo&call" co'$lete or
no1 one can 'a&ne 'an" cases 8+ere t 8o)ld be $ractcall" con2ncn& to
al'ost all 'nds. /ateralsatons of +ands1 or drect 8rtn& n t+e scr$t of
t+e de$arted1 +a2e ')c+ of act)al co&enc"G and t+ese 'et+ods1 8t+ ot+ers
l3e t+e'1 are e'$lo"ed b" /r. /oses5 controls9 n t+er efforts to
establs+ t+er o8n denttes. P+"scal $+eno'ena n t+e'sel2es1 +o8e2er1
carr" no $roof of an ntell&ence o)tsde t+at of t+e senst2e +'self1 and1 as
I +a2e sad1 'a" n 'an" cases be a 'ere e#tenson of +s o8n ordnar"
')sc)lar $o8ers1 and not d)e to an" e#ternal a&enc" at all.
+ii,HIM-
9,3 . If 8e confne o)rsel2es to t+e 2erbal 'essa&es1 8e fnd t+at t+e
cases 'ost f)ll" re$resented n t+e records of /r. /oses are l'ted to t+e
frst t+ree classes 'entoned abo2e1 and t+ose 8+c+ co'e )nder t+e fo)rt+
class2erfable facts of 8+c+ t+ere s no $rnted record and 8+c+ t s
$ractcall" certan t+at t+e 'ed)' co)ld ne2er +a2e 3no8nare
co'$arat2el" fe8. T+s 'a" $artl" be acco)nted for b" t+e s'all n)'ber
of stters 8t+ /r. /oses and t+e fact t+at t+e" 8ere +s $ersonal frends.
T+e records of /rs. P$er1 on t+e ot+er +and1 to 8+c+ 8e no8 t)rn1 are
es$ecall" rc+ n ncdents t+at fall )nder t+e fo)rt+ +eadn&1 and t+e
e2dental 2al)e of t+e 2erbal 'essa&es n t+s case s1 t+erefore1 ')c+
&reater t+an n t+e case of /r. /oses. 6+ereas for /r. /oses t+e dentt"
of 'an" of +s co'')ncators rested lar&el" )$on t+er ben& &)aranteed b"
I'$erator and +s &ro)$ of +el$ers1n t+e case of /rs. P$er t+e s$rts of
so'e recentl"Cde$arted frends 8+o +a2e &2en ')c+ e2dence of t+er
dentt" a$$ear to 'antan t+e nde$endent realt" and &)dn& control o2er
/rs. P$er of t+ese sa'e ntell&encesI'$erator1 Rector1 ,octor1 and
ot+erst+at /r. /oses cla'ed as r)ln& n +s o8n e#$erence. 6e s+all
t+en n t+e case of /rs. P$er a&an ret)rn to t+e E)eston of t+e s)$er2son
of s)c+ alle&ed s$rts.
9,+ . T+e case of /rs. P$er dffers n t8o '$ortant res$ects fro' t+at
of 6. (tanton /oses or ,. ,. -o'e. In t+e frst $lace no tele3netc
$+eno'ena +a2e occ)rred n connecton 8t+ +er tranceC'anfestatonsG and
n t+e second $lace +er s)$ral'nal self s+o8s no traces of an"
s)$ernor'al fac)lt" 8+atsoe2er. (+e $resents an nstance of a)to'ats' of
t+e e#tre'e t"$e 8+ere t+e $ossesson9 s not 'erel" local or $artal1 b)t
affects1 so to sa"1 t+e 8+ole $s"c+cal area18+ere t+e s)$ral'nal self s
for a t'e co'$letel" ds$laced1 and t+e 8+ole $ersonalt" a$$ears to s)ffer
nter'ttent c+an&e. In ot+er 8ords1 s+e $asses nto a trance1 d)rn& 8+c+
+er or&ans of s$eec+ or 8rtn& are controlled9 b" ot+er $ersonaltes t+an
t+e nor'al 8a3n& one. Occasonall" et+er D)st before or D)st after t+e
trance1 t+e s)bl'nal self a$$ears to ta3e so'e control of t+e or&ans' for a
bref nter2alG b)t 8t+ t+s e#ce$ton t+e $ersonaltes t+at s$ea3 or 8rte
d)rn& +er trance cla' to be dscarnate s$rts.
/rs. P$er5s trances 'a" be d2ded nto t+ree sta&esJ (*) 6+ere t+e
do'nant controlln& $ersonalt" 8as 3no8n as ,r. P+n)t9 and )sed t+e
2ocal or&ans al'ost e#cl)s2el"1 co'')ncatn& b" trance,utterance,
*AA<K@*.
(.) 6+ere t+e co'')ncatons 8ere 'ade c+efl" b" a)to'atc 8rtn&
n t+e trance )nder t+e s)$er2son 'ore $artc)larl" of t+e control 3no8n as
Geor&e Pel+a'19 or G.P.19 alt+o)&+ ,r. P+n)t9 )s)all" co'')ncated
also b" s$eec+ d)rn& t+s $erod1 *A@.K@B.
(;) 6+ere s)$er2son s alle&ed to be e#ercsed b" I'$erator1 ,octor1
Rector1 and ot+ers alread" 'entoned n connecton 8t+ t+e e#$erences of
/r. /oses1 and 8+ere t+e co'')ncatons +a2e been 'anl" b" 8rtn&1
+ii,HIN- b)t occasonall" also b" s$eec+. T+s last sta&e1 8+c+ be&an earl"
n *A@=1 stll contn)es1 and t+e fnal o)tco'e re'ans to be seen.
9,, . I $roceed no8 to ndcate n f)rt+er detal t+e nat)re of t+e
e2dence and t+e c+aracter of t+e 'anfestatons t+e'sel2es1 and be&n b"
E)otn& fro' ,r. -od&son (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ;B=KBA) a
bref state'ent of so'e of t+e +storcal facts of t+e case.
/rs. P$er +as been &2n& sttn&s for a $erod e#tendn& o2er t+rteen
Lno81 *@>*1 se2enteenM "ears. Ver" earl" n +er trance +stor" s+e ca'e
)nder t+e attenton of Professor 7a'es1 8+o sent 'an" $ersons to +er as
stran&ers1 n 'ost cases 'a3n& t+e a$$ont'ents +'self1 and n no case
&2n& t+er na'es. (+e ca'e to so'e e#tent )nder '" o8n s)$er2son n
*AA=1 and I also sent 'an" $ersons to +er1 n 'an" cases acco'$an"n&
t+e' and recordn& t+e state'ents 'ade at t+er sttn&s1 and ta3n& all t+e
care t+at I co)ld to $re2ent /rs. P$er5s obtann& an" 3no8led&e
before+and of 8+o t+e stters 8ere to be. In *AA@K@> /rs. P$er &a2e a
seres of sttn&s n En&land )nder t+e s)$er2son of ,r. 6alter Leaf and
/r. /"ers and Professor Lod&e1 8+ere also t+e 'ost caref)l $reca)tons
$ossble 8ere ta3en to ens)re t+at t+e stters 8ent as stran&ers to /rs. P$er.
4)rt+er sttn&s 8ere s)$er2sed b" '"self n *A@>K@* after /rs. P$er5s
ret)rn to %'erca. /an" $ersons 8+o +ad sttn&s n t+e co)rse of t+ese
earler n2est&atons 8ere con2nced t+at t+e" 8ere act)all" rece2n&
co'')ncatons fro' t+er deceased9 frends t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er5s trance1
b)t alt+o)&+ t+e s$ecal n2est&ators 8ere satsfed1 fro' t+er st)d" of t+e
tranceC$+eno'ena t+e'sel2es and a caref)l anal"ss of t+e detaled records
of t+e sttn&s1 t+at so'e s)$ernor'al $o8er 8as n2ol2ed1 t+ere 8as no
defnte a&ree'ent as to t+er $recse s&nfcance. %nd to '"self t see'ed
t+at an" +"$ot+ess t+at 8as offered $resented for'dable dffc)ltes n t+e
8a" of ts acce$tance. In t+e co)rse of t+ese earler n2est&atons t+e
co'')ncatons 8ere &2en al'ost entrel" t+ro)&+ t+e s$eec+C)tterance of
t+e tranceC$ersonalt" 3no8n as P+n)t1 and e2en t+e best of t+e' 8ere a$t
to ncl)de ')c+ 'atter t+at 8as rrele2ant and )nl3e t+e alle&ed
co'')ncators1 8+le t+ere 8ere 'an" ndcatons t+at P+n)t +'self 8as
far fro' ben& t+e 3nd of $erson n 8+o' 8e s+o)ld be ds$osed to $lace
'$lct credence.
,)rn& t+e "ears *A@.K@B ncl)s2e1 I e#ercsed a "et closer s)$er2son
of /rs. P$er5s trances t+an I +ad done n $re2o)s "ears1 contn)n& to ta3e
all t+e $reca)tons t+at I co)ld as re&ards t+e ntrod)cton of $ersons as
stran&ers. T+s $erod 8as 'ar3ed b" a notable e2ol)ton n t+e E)alt" of
t+e trance res)lts1 be&nnn& earl" n *A@.. T+e c+aracter of t+e
'anfestatons c+an&ed 8t+ t+e de2elo$'ent of a)to'atc 8rtn& n t+e
trance1 and 8t+ 8+at 8as alle&ed to be t+e contn)al rendern& of act2e
assstance b" t+e co'')ncator 8+o' I +a2e called G.P. LGeor&e Pel+a'M.
%s a res)lt of t+s t a$$eared t+at co'')ncators 8ere able to e#$ress t+er
t+o)&+ts drectl" t+ro)&+ t+e 8rtn& b" /rs. P$er5s +and1 nstead of
con2e"n& t+e' 'ore d'l" and $artall" t+ro)&+ P+n)t as nter'edar"G
and t+e ad2ce and &)dance 8+c+ t+e"1 a$$arentl"1 rece2ed fro' G.P.
enabled t+e' to a2od ')c+ of t+e conf)son and rrele2anc" so
c+aracterstc of t+e earler 'anfestatons.
9,' . I do not $ro$ose +ere to dsc)ss t+e +"$ot+ess of fra)d n t+s
case1 snce t +as been f)ll" dsc)ssed n t+e artcles referred to n +ii,HIO-
'" %$$endces and else8+ere1 e.g. b" ,r. -od&son1 Professor 6lla'
7a'es1 Professor !e8bold of Penns"l2ana :n2erst"1 ,r. 6alter Leaf1 and
(r Ol2er Lod&e. I 'erel" E)ote1 as a s)''ar" of t+e ar&)'ent1 a fe8
8ords of Professor 7a'es1 fro' The &sychoogica 7evie#, 7)l"1 *A@A1 $$.
<.*K..J
,r. -od&son consders t+at t+e +"$ot+ess of fra)d cannot be sero)sl"
'antaned. I a&ree 8t+ +' absol)tel". T+e 'ed)' +as been )nder
obser2aton1 ')c+ of t+e t'e )nder close obser2aton1 as to 'ost of t+e
condtons of +er lfe1 b" a lar&e n)'ber of $ersons1 ea&er1 'an" of t+e'1 to
$o)nce )$on an" s)s$co)s crc)'stance for Lnearl"M ffteen "ears. ,)rn&
t+at t'e1 not onl" +as t+ere not been one sn&le s)s$co)s crc)'stance
re'ar3ed1 b)t not one s)&&eston +as e2er been 'ade fro' an" E)arter
8+c+ '&+t tend $ost2el" to e#$lan +o8 t+e 'ed)'1 l2n& t+e a$$arent
lfe s+e leads1 co)ld $ossbl" collect nfor'aton abo)t so 'an" stters b"
nat)ral 'eans. T+e scentst 8+o s confdent of fra)d9 +ere1 ')st
re'e'ber t+at n scence as ')c+ as n co''on lfe a +"$ot+ess ')st
rece2e so'e $ost2e s$ecfcaton and deter'naton before t can be
$roftabl" dsc)ssed1 and a fra)d 8+c+ s no ass&ned 3nd of fra)d1 b)t
s'$l" fra)d9 at lar&e1 fra)d in abstracto, can +ardl" be re&arded as a
s$ecall" scentfc e#$lanaton of concrete facts.
I &2e so'e f)rt+er state'ents and references on t+s $ont n 9,' A and
B .
9,* . !or s+all I dsc)ss at an" len&t+ t+e c+aracter of t+e P+n)t
$ersonalt". %n e#cellent anal"ss of t+s1 8+c+ I E)ote n 9,* A 1 8as
&2en b" (r Ol2er Lod&e. %ccordn& to '" o8n e#$erence1 d)rn& /rs.
P$er5s 2st to En&land n *AA@K@>1 dfferent trances1 and dfferent $arts of
t+e sa'e trance1 2ared &reatl" n E)alt". T+ere 8ere so'e nter2e8s
t+ro)&+o)t 8+c+ P+n)t +ardl" as3ed an" E)eston1 and +ardl" stated
an"t+n& 8+c+ 8as not tr)e. T+ere 8ere ot+ers t+ro)&+o)t 8+c+ +s
)tterances s+o8ed not one &l''er of real 3no8led&e1 b)t conssted 8+oll"
of fs+n& E)estons and rando' assertons. T+e trances co)ld not al8a"s be
nd)ced at $leas)re. % state of E)et e#$ectanc" 8o)ld )s)all" brn& one onG
b)t so'et'es t+e atte'$t alto&et+er faled. T+e trance 8+en nd)ced
)s)all" lasted abo)t an +o)r1 and t+ere 8as often a 'ar3ed dfference
bet8een t+e frst fe8 'n)tes of a trance and t+e re'ann& t'e. On s)c+
occasons al'ost all t+at 8as of 2al)e 8o)ld be told n t+e frst fe8 'n)tesG
and t+e re'ann& tal3 8o)ld consst of 2a&)e &eneraltes or 'ere
re$ettons of 8+at +ad alread" been &2en. P+n)t al8a"s $rofessed
+'self to be a s$rt co'')ncatn& 8t+ s$rtsJ and +e )sed to sa" t+at +e
re'e'bered t+er 'essa&es for a fe8 'n)tes after entern& nto t+e
'ed)'19 and t+en beca'e conf)sed. -e 8as not1 +o8e2er1 a$$arentl" able
to de$art 8+en +s b)d&et of facts 8as e'$t". T+ere see'ed to be so'e
rres$onsble lettn&Coff of ener&" 8+c+ ')st contn)e )ntl t+e or&nal
'$)lse 8as lost n nco+erence. /" o8n &eneral concl)son at t+at t'e
8as t+at P+n)t5s )tterances +ii,HJP- ')st be D)d&ed as b)t one te' n t+e
lon& roll of a)to'atc 'essa&es of 'an" 3nds 8+c+ 8ere onl" t+en
be&nnn& to be collected and anal"sed. I re&arded t as $ro2ed t+at t+ese
$+eno'ena afforded e2dence of lar&e e#tensonstele$at+c or clar2o"ant
of t+e nor'al $o8ers of t+e +)'an s$rt1 and t+o)&+t t $ossble t+at
P+n)t5s 3no8led&e 8as t+)s der2ed fro' a tele$at+c or clar2o"ant
fac)lt"1 latent n /rs. P$er1 and 'anfestn& tself n 8a"s 8t+ 8+c+
$re2o)s e#$er'ent +ad not 'ade )s fa'lar. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e
a)to'atc 'essa&es 8+c+ 8e +ad alread" st)ded ncl)ded $+eno'ena of
2er" 2aro)s t"$es1 so'e of 8+c+ certanl" $onted primF $acie to t+e
nter2enton$er+a$s t+e 2er" ndrect nter2entonof t+e s)r22n&
$ersonaltes of t+e dead1 and I +eld t+at f s)c+ nstances of co'')ncaton
fro' e#traCterrene 'nds s+o)ld )lt'atel" fnd acce$tance 8t+ scence1
t+en P+n)t5s 'essa&es1 8t+ all t+er dra8bac3s and all t+er nconsstenc"1
8o)ld +a2e far cla' to be added to t+e n)'ber.
I need +ardl" sa" t+at t s t+s last +"$ot+ess 8+c+ I +a2e snce
ado$ted1 and alt+o)&+ t s ob2o)s t+at t+e dffc)ltes concernn& P+n)t5s
dentt" +a2e not been sol2ed1 t see's $ossble to re&ard +' as an
ntell&ence e#traneo)s to /rs. P$er1as1 n fact1 a dscarnate s$rt. It
')st not be for&otten1 +o8e2er1 t+at +e entrel" faled n +s $rofessed
atte'$ts to establs+ +s $ersonal dentt"1 and co)ld not s)cceed e2en n
s)bstantatn& +s cla' to be a 4renc+ doctor. :nfort)natel" 8e +a2e no
conte'$orar" records of 8+at occ)rred d)rn& /rs. P$er5s earlest trancesG
nor $ractcall" an" nfor'aton as to t+e frst 'anfestatons of t+e P+n)t
$ersonalt". It see's clear at least t+at t+e name P+n)t 8as t+e res)lt of
s)&&eston at t+ese earlest trances (see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$.
<BK?A)1 and 'an" 'a" t+n3 t 'ost $robable t+at t+e P+n)t control9 8as
not+n& 'ore t+an a secondar" $ersonalt" of /rs. P$er. B)t1 accordn& to
t+e state'ents (of 8+c+ t+ere s of co)rse no e2dence) 'ade b"
I'$erator19 P+n)t 8as an eart+Cbo)nd9 or nferor s$rt1 8+o +ad
beco'e conf)sed and be8ldered n +s frst atte'$ts at co'')ncaton1
and +ad1 as 8e sa"1 lost +s consco)sness of $ersonal dentt".9 T+at s)c+
an occ)rrence s not )nco''on n t+s lfe s $lan fro' t+e cases to 8+c+ I
+a2e dra8n attenton n C+a$ter II. of t+s boo31 and 8e cannot $ro2e t to
be '$ossble t+at $rofo)nd 'e'or" dst)rbances s+o)ld be $rod)ced n an
ne#$erenced dscarnate s$rt 8+en frst atte'$tn& to co'')ncate 8t+
)s t+ro)&+ a 'ateral or&ans'. Be t+at as t 'a"1 t+e P+n)t $ersonalt"
+as not 'anfested et+er drectl" or ndrectl" snce 7an)ar" *A@=1 8+en
I'$erator9 cla'ed t+e s)$er2son of /rs. P$er5s trances.
9,) . T+ere 8ere 2aro)s cases of alle&ed drect control9 b" s$rts
ot+er t+an P+n)t d)rn& t+e frst sta&e of /rs. P$er5s trance +stor". T8o
of t+ese1 t+e E.9 control and t+e a)nt of Professor 7a'es1 are referred to n
t+e re$ort b" Professor 7a'es 8+c+ I +a2e E)oted n 9,' A . T+ese and
se2eral ot+ers are also 'entoned b" ,r. -od&son n &roceedings +ii,HJG-
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .AK<>G b)t e2en n t+e 'ost re'ar3able of t+ese earler
cases of a$$arent $ossesson9 of /rs. P$er5s or&ans' b" ot+er s$rts1 t+e
e2dence a2alable for $)blcaton 8as scant"1 and n one or t8o cases t+ere
8as scarcel" an"t+n& to ndcate t+at t+e s)$$osed co'')ncatn&
$ersonaltes 8ere not '$ersonatons b" P+n)t.
T+e 'ost notable case 8as t+at of a lad"1 /ss 6.1 8+o +ad fort"Cf2e
sttn&s1 at fort"Cone of 8+c+ t+e control 8as ta3en for at least $art of t+e
t'e b" a $ersonal frend1 8+o $resented 'ar3ed c+aracterstcs of t+e
frend t $)r$orted to beJ s+o8ed s$ecfc 3no8led&e of $r2ate 'atters
3no8n onl" to t+at frend and t+e stterG s+o8ed a 3no8led&e of facts of
8+c+ +e 8as re'nded b" t+e stter1 and n t)rn re'nded t+e stter of facts
te'$orarl" for&otten b" +erG 'ade so'e 'sta3es n 'atters once 3no8n to
t+e frend1 and re'e'bered 8ell b" t+e stter1 and told t+e stter of facts not
3no8n to +er and after8ards 2erfed (oc. cit. <;).
:s)all"1 as 8e +a2e seen1 P+n)t acted as nter'edar"1 re$rod)cn& t+e
co'')ncatons 'ade b" t+e deceased9 relat2es or frends of t+e stters1
and n a fa2o)rable seres of sttn&s t+e '$resson 'ade 8as &enerall" as
descrbed n t+e follo8n& case b" (r Ol2er Lod&e. (4ro' &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <??.)
One of t+e best stters 8as '" ne#tCdoor ne&+bo)r1 Isaac C. T+o'$son1
4.L.(.1 to 8+ose na'e ndeed1 before +e +ad been n an" 8a" ntrod)ced1
P+n)t sent a 'essa&e $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' +s fat+er. T+ree
&eneratons of +s and of +s 8fe5s fa'l" l2n& and dead (s'all and
co'$act X)a3er fa'les) 8ere1 n t+e co)rse of t8o or t+ree sttn&s1
cons$c)o)sl" 'entoned1 8t+ dentf"n& detalG t+e 'an nfor'ant
re$resentn& +'self as +s deceased brot+er1 a "o)n& Ednb)r&+ doctor1
8+ose loss +ad been 'o)rned so'e t8ent" "ears a&o. T+e fa'lart" and
to)c+n&ness of t+e 'essa&es co'')ncated n t+s $artc)lar nstance 8ere
2er" re'ar3able1 and can b" no 'eans be re$rod)ced n an" $rnted re$ort
of t+e sttn&. T+er case s one n 8+c+ 2er" fe8 'sta3es 8ere 'ade1 t+e
detals standn& o)t 22dl" correct1 so t+at n fact t+e" fo)nd t '$ossble
not to bele2e t+at t+er relat2es 8ere act)all" s$ea3n& to t+e'.
()c+ cases 8ere not )s)al1 and on t+e 8+ole1 alt+o)&+ t+ere see'ed to
be n t+s frst sta&e of /rs. P$er5s trance +stor"1 n *AA<K@*1 ab)ndant
$roof of so'e s)$ernor'al fac)lt" 8+c+ de'anded at least t+e +"$ot+ess
of t+o)&+tCtransference fro' l2n& $ersons bot+ near and dstant1 and
s)&&ested occasonall" so'e $o8er of telFst+esa or $er+a$s e2en of
$re'onton1 "et t+e 'an E)eston 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are no8 concerned1
8+et+er /rs. P$er5s or&ans' 8as controlled1 drectl" or ndrectl"1 b"
dscarnate s$rts 8+o co)ld &2e satsfactor" e2dence of t+er dentt"1
re'aned )ndecded.
9,9 . /ore '$ortant1 as re&ards t+s E)eston of $ersonal dentt"1 s t+e
seres of sttn&s 8+c+ for'ed t+e second sta&e of /rs. P$er5s trance
+stor"1 n t+e "ears *A@.K@B1 of 8+c+ a detaled acco)nt s &2en n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .A<K?A. and 2ol. #2. $$. BK<@1 8+ere +ii,
HJH- t+e c+ef co'')ncator or nter'edar" 8as G.P. T+s G.P.1 8+ose
na'e (alt+o)&+1 of co)rse1 8ell 3no8n to 'an" $ersons) +as been altered
for $)blcaton nto Geor&e Pel+a'19 8as a "o)n& 'an of &reat ablt"1
'anl" occ)$ed n lterar" $)rs)ts. %lt+o)&+ born an %'ercan ctNen1 +e
8as a 'e'ber of a noble En&ls+ fa'l". I ne2er 'et +'1 b)t I +a2e t+e
&ood fort)ne to ncl)de a n)'ber of +s frends a'on& '" o8n1 and 8t+
se2eral of t+ese I +a2e been $r2le&ed to +old nt'ate con2ersaton on t+e
nat)re of t+e co'')ncatons 8+c+ t+e" rece2ed. I +a2e t+)s +eard of
'an" s&nfcant )tterances of G.P.5s1 8+c+ are +eld too $r2ate for $rntG
and I +a2e '"self been $resent at sttn&s 8+ere G.P. 'anfested. 4or t+e
f)ll dsc)sson of t+e e2dence tendn& to $ro2e t+e dentt" of G.P.1 I refer
'" readers to t+e or&nal re$ort n t+e &roceedings (.P.R. I &2e n 9,9 A
and B a detaled acco)nt of t+e crc)'stances of t+e frst co'')ncatons of
G.P.1 and E)ote +ere a &eneral s)''ar"1 &2en b" ,r. -od&son se2eral
"ears later1 of t+e 8+ole seres of +s 'anfestatons. (4ro' &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ;.AK;;>.)
On t+e frst a$$earance of t+e co'')ncatn& G.P. to /r. -art n /arc+
*A@.1 +e &a2e not onl" +s o8n na'e and t+at of t+e stter1 b)t also t+e
na'es of se2eral of t+er 'ost nt'ate co''on frends1 and referred
s$ecfcall" to t+e 'ost '$ortant $r2ate 'atters connected 8t+ t+e'. %t
t+e sa'e sttn& reference 8as 'ade to ot+er ncdents )n3no8n to t+e
stters1 s)c+ as t+e acco)nt of /rs. Pel+a'5s ta3n& t+e st)ds fro' t+e bod"
of G.P. and &2n& t+e' to /r. Pel+a' to be sent to /r. -art1 and t+e
re$rod)cton of a notable re'e'brance of a con2ersaton 8+c+ G.P. l2n&
+ad 8t+ Rat+arne1 t+e da)&+ter of +s 'ost nt'ate frends1 t+e -o8ards.
T+ese 8ere $r'ar" e#a'$les of t8o 3nds of 3no8led&e concernn&
'atters )n3no8n to t+e stters1 of 8+c+ 2aro)s ot+er nstances 8ere
after8ards &2enG 3no8led&e of e2ents connected 8t+ G.P. 8+c+ +ad
occ)rred snce +s deat+1 and 3no8led&e of s$ecal 'e'ores $ertann& to
t+e G.P. $ersonalt" before deat+. % 8ee3 later1 at t+e sttn& of /r. Vance1
+e 'ade an a$$ro$rate nE)r" after t+e stter5s son1 and n re$l" to nE)res
r&+tl" s$ecfed t+at t+e stter5s son +ad been at colle&e 8t+ +'1 and
f)rt+er correctl" &a2e a correct descr$ton of t+e stter5s s)''er +o'e as
t+e $lace of a s$ecal 2st. T+s1 a&an1 8as $aralleled b" 'an" later
nstances 8+ere a$$ro$rate nE)res 8ere 'ade and re'e'brances
recalled concernn& ot+er $ersonal frends of G.P. !earl" t8o 8ee3s later
ca'e +s 'ost nt'ate frends1 t+e -o8ards1 and to t+ese1 )sn& t+e 2oce
drectl"1 +e s+o8ed s)c+ a f)lness of $r2ate re'e'brance and s$ecfc
3no8led&e and c+aracterstc ntellect)al and e'otonal E)alt" $ertann& to
G.P. t+at1 t+o)&+ t+e" +ad $re2o)sl" ta3en no nterest n an" branc+ of
$s"c+cal researc+1 t+e" 8ere )nable to resst t+e con2cton t+at t+e" 8ere
act)all" con2ersn& 8t+ t+er old frend G.P. %nd t+s con2cton 8as
stren&t+ened b" t+er later e#$erences. !ot least '$ortant1 at t+at t'e1
8as +s an#et" abo)t t+e ds$osal of a certan boo3 and abo)t certan
s$ecfed letters 8+c+ concern 'atters too $r2ate for $)blcaton. -e 8as
$artc)larl" desro)s of con2ncn& +s fat+er1 8+o l2ed n 6as+n&ton1 t+at
t 8as ndeed G.P. 8+o 8as co'')ncatn&1 and +e soon after8ards stated
t+at +s fat+er +ad ta3en +s $+oto&ra$+ to be co$ed1 as 8as t+e case1
t+o)&+ /r. Pel+a' +ad not +ii,HJI- nfor'ed e2en +s 8fe of t+s fact.
Later on +e re$rod)ced a seres of ncdents1 )n3no8n to t+e stters1 n
8+c+ /rs. -o8ard +ad been en&a&ed n +er o8n +o'e. Later stll1 at a
sttn& 8t+ +s fat+er and 'ot+er n !e8 Yor31 a f)rt+er nt'ate
3no8led&e 8as s+o8n of $r2ate fa'l" crc)'stances1 and at t+e follo8n&
sttn&1 at 8+c+ +s fat+er and 'ot+er 8ere not $resent1 +e &a2e t+e detals
of certan $r2ate actons 8+c+ t+e" +ad done n t+e nter'. %t t+er
sttn&1 and at 2aro)s sttn&s of t+e -o8ards1 a$$ro$rate co''ents 8ere
'ade concernn& dfferent artcles $resented 8+c+ +ad belon&ed to G.P.
l2n&1 or +ad been fa'lar to +'G +e nE)red after ot+er $ersonal artcles
8+c+ 8ere not $resented at t+e sttn&s1 and s+o8ed nt'ate and detaled
recollectons of ncdents n connecton 8t+ t+e'. In $onts connected 8t+
t+e reco&nton of artcles 8t+ t+er related assocatons of a $ersonal sort1
t+e G.P. co'')ncatn&1 so far as I 3no81 +as ne2er faled. !or +as +e
faled n t+e reco&nton of $ersonal frends. I 'a" sa" &enerall" t+at o)t of
a lar&e n)'ber of stters 8+o 8ent as stran&ers to /rs. P$er1 t+e
co'')ncatn& G.P. +as $c3ed o)t t+e frends of G.P. l2n&1 $recsel" as
t+e G.P. l2n& '&+t +a2e been e#$ected to do Lt+rt" cases of reco&nton
o)t of at least one +)ndred and fft" $ersons 8+o +a2e +ad sttn&s 8t+
/rs. P$er snce t+e frst a$$earance of G.P.1 and no case of false
reco&ntonM1 and +as e#+bted 'e'ores n connecton 8t+ t+ese and ot+er
frends 8+c+ are s)c+ as 8o)ld nat)rall" be assocated as $art of t+e G.P.
$ersonalt"1 8+c+ certanl" do not s)&&est n t+e'sel2es t+at t+e" or&nate
ot+er8se1 and 8+c+ are acco'$aned b" t+e e'otonal relatons 8+c+
8ere connected 8t+ s)c+ frends n t+e 'nd of G.P. l2n&. %t one of +s
earl" co'')ncatons G.P. e#$ressl" )ndertoo3 t+e tas3 of rendern& all t+e
assstance n +s $o8er to8ards establs+n& t+e contn)ed e#stence of
+'self and ot+er co'')ncators1 n $)rs)ance of a $ro'se of 8+c+ +e
+'self re'nded 'e1 'ade so'e t8o "ears or 'ore before +s deat+1 t+at f
+e ded before 'e and fo)nd +'self stll e#stn&19 +e 8o)ld de2ote
+'self to $ro2e t+e factG and n t+e $ersstence of +s endea2o)r to
o2erco'e t+e dffc)ltes n co'')ncatn& as far as $ossble1 n +s
constant readness to act as a'an)enss at t+e sttn&s1 n t+e effect 8+c+ +e
+as $rod)ced b" +s co)nsels1to '"self as n2est&ator1 and to n)'ero)s
ot+er stters and co'')ncators1+e +as1 n so far as I can for' a D)d&'ent
n a $roble' so co'$le# and stll $resentn& so ')c+ obsc)rt"1 ds$la"ed
all t+e 3eenness and $ertnact" 8+c+ 8ere e'nentl" c+aracterstc of G.P.
l2n&.
4nall"1 t+e 'anfestatons of t+s G.P. co'')ncatn& +a2e not been of
a ftf)l and s$as'odc nat)re1 t+e" +a2e e#+bted t+e 'ar3s of a contn)o)s
l2n& and $ersstent $ersonalt"1 'anfestn& tself t+ro)&+ a co)rse of
"ears1 and s+o8n& t+e sa'e c+aracterstcs of an nde$endent ntell&ence
8+et+er frends of G.P. 8ere $resent at t+e sttn&s or not. I learned of
2aro)s cases 8+ere n '" absence act2e assstance 8as rendered b" G.P.
to stters 8+o +ad ne2er $re2o)sl" +eard of +'1 and fro' t'e to t'e +e
8o)ld 'a3e bref $ertnent reference to 'atters 8t+ 8+c+ G.P. l2n& 8as
acE)anted1 t+o)&+ I 8as not1 and so'et'es n 8a"s 8+c+ ndcated t+at
+e co)ld to so'e e#tent see 8+at 8as +a$$enn& n o)r 8orld to $ersons n
8+ose 8elfare G.P. l2n& 8o)ld +a2e been s$ecall" nterested.
T+e stter called /r. -art1 to 8+o' G.P. frst 'anfested1 ded at !a$les
t+ree "ears after8ards1 and co'')ncated1 8t+ t+e +el$ of G.P.1 +ii,HJJ-
on t+e second da" after +s deat+. I &2e an acco)nt of +s co'')ncatons
n 9,9 C.
9'0 . T+ere are n)'ero)s nstances n t+e re$orts n t+e &roceedings,
(see 2ol. 2. $$. B<=K?>G 2ol. 2. $$. *?K.BG 2ol. #.1 passim/ and 2ol. #2.
$$. *;*K;)1 of t+e &2n& of nfor'aton )n3no8n to t+e stters and
after8ards 2erfed. % str3n& ll)straton of t+s occ)rred n t+e case of t+e
lad" called Elsa /annors19 8+ose near relat2es and frends concerned n
t+e co'')ncatons 8ere 3no8n to '"self. I &2e a bref acco)nt of +er
frst co'')ncatons n 9'0 A . On t+e 'ornn& after t+e deat+ of +er )ncle1
called 4. n t+e re$ort1 s+e descrbed an ncdent n connecton 8t+ t+e
a$$earance of +erself to +er )ncle on +s deat+bed. I E)ote ,r. -od&son5s
acco)nt of t+s (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;=A. 4ootCnote).
T+e notce of +s L4.5sM deat+ 8as n a Boston 'ornn& $a$er1 and I
+a$$ened to see t on '" 8a" to t+e sttn&. T+e frst 8rtn& of t+e sttn&
ca'e fro' /ada'e Elsa1 8t+o)t '" e#$ectn& t. (+e 8rote clearl" and
stron&l"1 e#$lann& t+at 4. 8as t+ere 8t+ +er1 b)t )nable to s$ea3 drectl"1
t+at s+e 8s+ed to &2e 'e an acco)nt of +o8 s+e +ad +el$ed 4. to reac+
+er. (+e sad t+at s+e +ad been $resent at +s deat+Cbed1 and +ad s$o3en to
+'1 and s+e re$eated 8+at s+e +ad sad1 an )n)s)al for' of e#$resson1 and
ndcated t+at +e +ad +eard and reco&nsed +er. T+s 8as confr'ed n detal
n t+e onl" 8a" $ossble at t+at t'e1 b" a 2er" nt'ate frend of /ada'e
Elsa and '"self1 and also of t+e nearest s)r22n& relat2e of 4. I s+o8ed
'" frend t+e acco)nt of t+e sttn&1 and to t+s frend1 a da" or t8o later1 t+e
relat2e1 8+o 8as $resent at t+e deat+Cbed1 stated s$ontaneo)sl" t+at 4.
8+en d"n& sad t+at +e sa8 /ada'e Elsa 8+o 8as s$ea3n& to +'1 and
+e re$eated 8+at s+e 8as sa"n&. T+e e#$resson so re$eated1 8+c+ t+e
relat2e E)oted to '" frend1 8as t+at 8+c+ I +ad rece2ed fro' /ada'e
Elsa t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er5s trance1 8+en t+e deat+Cbed ncdent 8as of co)rse
entrel" )n3no8n to 'e.
Rare are t+e Pea3 n ,aren9 cases (see secton *1))1 b)t cases l3e t+s
are rarer stll.
9'1 . %s 8ll be seen fro' t+e acco)nt of Elsa /anners n 9'0 A 1 so'e
atte'$t 8as 'ade n +er case to s$ea3 and 8rte Italan. In t+e case 8+c+
follo8s t+ere 8as an atte'$t to 8rte -a8aan. (4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1
2ol #. $. ;;=.)
T+s 8as at a sttn& arran&ed for b" /rs. -o8ard n October *A@;. /rs.
-o8ard 'ade so'e notes at t+e t'e fro' 8+c+ t+e re$ort 8as $re$ared1
and I obtaned so'e addtonal nfor'aton later fro' t+e stter1 /r. L.
Vernon Br&&s. T+e or&nal 8rtn& 8as a$$arentl" lost1 and /r. Br&&s
ne2er +ad t+e o$$ort)nt" of st)d"n& t after t+e sttn&. T+e
co'')ncaton $)r$orted to co'e fro' a -onol)l) bo" na'ed Ral)a1 8+o
beca'e ')c+ attac+ed to /r. Br&&s d)rn& a s# 'ont+s5 sta" of /r.
Br&&s n -onol)l) n *AA*1 and 8+o follo8ed /r. Br&&s to Boston )nder
so'e8+at ro'antc crc)'stances n *AA;. -e 8as soon sent bac3 to +s
nat2e sland1 b)t a&an ret)rned to Boston1 8+ere +e 8as s+ot n *AAB1 n a
salor5s Bet+el1 8+et+er ntentonall" +ii,HJK- or not 8as )n3no8n. T+ere
8as so'e s)s$con a&anst a (8ede1 8+o 8as '$rsoned1 b)t t+ere 8as no
e2dence a&anst +'1 and +e 8as fnall" dsc+ar&ed. T+e (8ede sad t+at
Ral)a +ad accdentall" s+ot +'self 8t+ a re2ol2er1 and e2ent)all"
confessed t+at after t+e accdent +e +ad +'self +dden t+e re2ol2er be+nd a
fl)e1 8+ere1 after ta3n& $art of t+e c+'ne" do8n1 t 8as fo)nd. /r. Br&&s
+ad ta3en a +and3erc+ef belon&n& to Ral)a to t+e sttn&. Ral)a +ad been
s+ot t+ro)&+ t+e +eart1 and t+ere 8as so'e conf)son a$$arentl" abo)t t+e
localt" of t+e s)ffern&1 sto'ac+9 and sde9 ben& 'entoned1 )nder 8+at
a$$eared to be t+e drect control of t+e 2oce b" Ral)a19 and /r. Br&&s
as3ed f t 8as Ral)a. P+n)t t+en s$o3e for Ral)a19 8+o sad t+at +e dd
not 3ll +'self1 t+at +e +ad been &a'bln& 8t+ t+e ot+er 'an 8+o ds$)ted
8t+ +' and s+ot +'1 b)t dd not 'ean to1 and 8+o t+re8 t+e re2ol2er
nto t+e +ot bo# 8+ere t+e $e$$les are9 ('eann& t+e f)rnace9 and t+e
coals9)1 and +d +s $)rse )nder t+e ste$s 8+ere +e 8as 3lled. Ral)a9
also sad t+ere 8as s+r)bber" near t. T+e cellar of t+e +o)se 8as e#a'ned1
b)t no $)rse 8as fo)nd1 and t+ere 8as no s+r)bber" n t+e cellar. Ral)a9
tred to 8rte -a8aan1 b)t t+e onl" ordnar"9 8ords dec$+ered 8ere
le9 ('eann& #reaths, 8+c+ +e 'ade dal" for /r. Br&&s) 8+c+ 8as
8rtten clearl" and freE)entl"1 and an atte'$t at alo+a9&reetn&. P+n)t
tred to &et t+e ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+ere Ral)a5s fat+er 8as1 b)t co)ld
onl" s)cceed n &ettn& -ra'.9 B)t t+e 8rtn& &a2e t+e ans8er -a8an
Islands.9 In re$l" to t+e E)eston 8+c+ one1 t+e ans8er n 8rtn& 8as
Ua#ai, b)t P+n)t sad Ta#ai. T+e 8ord s s$elt Ra8a1 b)t s $rono)nced
Ta8a b" t+e nat2es of t+e sland tself and n t+e sland 8+ere Ral)a 8as
born. T+e nat2es of t+e ot+er slands call t Ra8a.
9'( . !ot least '$ortant as re&ards t+e E)eston of dentt" are so'e of
t+e co'')ncatons $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' "o)n& c+ldren. I &2e n 9'(
A a s"no$ss of t+e c+ef $onts n connecton 8t+ t+e t8n c+ldren1
/ar&aret and R)t+e1 of ,r. %. B. T+a81 and E)ote +ere an acco)nt of
co'')ncatons co'n& fro' t+e c+ld of /rs. Rat+erne Pane ()tton.
(4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ;ABK@.)
In t+e t8o sttn&s 8+c+ /rs. ()tton +ad n ,ece'ber *A@; ($. <A<)1
*
s+e +ad artcles 8+c+ +ad been )sed b" +er recentl" deceased lttle &rl
Rat+erne. One ncdent t+at 8as c+aracterstc n t+e case of R)t+e1 t+e
$attn& of +er fat+er5s face1 8as re$eated n t+e case of Rat+erne 8+en t
+ad no s$ecal s&nfcance. T+ere 8ere onl" t+ree $onts t+at '&+t be
descrbed as n $art co''on to t+e t8o c+ldren1 R)t+e and Rat+erne.
Rat+erne +ad lo2el" c)rls19 'entoned b" P+n)t1 and also called for t+e
tc3Ctc319 b)t P+n)t added correctl" t+at s+e called t t+e cloc319 and t+e
8ord babee 8as &2en correctl"1 as R)t+e also )sed to $rono)nce t.
%$$arentl" t+e onl" ncorrect state'ent $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' t+e c+ld
8as t+at s+e called a lad" (/rs1 C.1 a frend of /rs. ()tton1 8+o $)r$orted
to be $resent n s$rt19 brn&n& t+e c+ld1 and 8+ose C+rstan na'e and
s)rna'e 8ere &2en correctl" b" P+n)t) Auntie. T+e lad" 8as not +er a)nt.
T+e state'ents 'ade ca'e t+ro)&+ P+n)t. Concernn& a sl2er 'edal t
8as sad t+at s+e 8anted to bte t1 and concernn& a strn& of b)ttons t+at
s+e 8anted to $)t t+e' n +er 'o)t+1 bot+ correct. P+n)t sad t+at s+e +ad
no sore t+roat an" 'ore1 and +ii,HJL- t+at s+e 3e$t s+o8n& +' +er ton&)e.
Rat+erne l2n& +ad sore t+roat and +er ton&)e 8as $aral"sed. (+e &a2e
correctl" t+e na'e b" 8+c+ s+e called +erself1 UaBie, t+e na'e *odo b"
8+c+ s+e called +er brot+er Geor&e1 t+e na'e )agie b" 8+c+ s+e called a
l2n& sster1 /ar&aret1 and t+e na'e Eleanor1 of anot+er l2n& sster for
8+o' s+e called ')c+ n +er last llness. (+e also as3ed for ,na+1 t+s
ben& t+e na'e of an old ra&Cdoll. (+e sad tr)l" t+at ,odo )sed to 'arc+
8t+ +er1 -e $)t 'e 8a" )$.9 (+e 8anted to &o to 8de +orse"9as t+e
l2n& Rat+erne +ad $leaded all t+ro)&+ +er llness1 and to be ta3en to see
t+e 'oole"Cco819 t+e na'e b" 8+c+ t+e l2n& Rat+erne called t+e co81
8+c+ s+e 8as ta3en al'ost dal" to see. (+e sad s+e +ad t+e $rett" 8+te
flo8ers "o) $)t on 'e19 and P+n)t descrbed lles of t+e 2alle"1 8+c+
8ere t+e flo8ers t+at +ad been $laced n t+e cas3et (see $. ;>;). (+e sad
s+e 8as +a$$" 8t+ &rand'a/rs. ()tton5s 'ot+er +ad been dead 'an"
"earsand later on 8anted to send +er lo2e to +er &rand'a and also
a$$arentl" to +er &reat &rand'a 8+o 8as referred to as 2armie. (+e +ad a
&rand'ot+er and also a &reatC&rand'ot+er t+en l2n&1 and 2armie 8as t+e
na'e b" 8+c+ /r. and /rs. ()tton s$o3e of t+e &reatC&rand'ot+er1 b)t
Rat+erne al8a"s called +er :rammie. (+e also referred to t8o son&s s+e
)sed to sn& J B"eCb"e1 O bab" b"e19 and Ro8 Ro81 '" son&.9 T+s
Ro8 Ro89 son& 8as s)n& freE)entl" b" Rat+erne d)rn& +er llness1 and
8as t+e last s)n& b" +er 8+en l2n&1 and s+e as3ed /r. and /rs. ()tton to
sn& t at t+e sttn&. T+e" san& t+e frst fo)r lnes1 and t+e 2oce
$res)'abl" stll controlled9 b" P+n)t n 'taton of Rat+ernesan&
8t+ t+e'. P+n)t t+en +)s+ed t+e stters1 and t+e 2oce san& t+e re'ann&
fo)r lnes LaloneM. It s1 of co)rse1 a fa'lar c+ld5s son& ($. <AB). %t t+e
second sttn& a fortn&+t later1 t+e 2oce san& all e&+t lnes alone1 t+en
as3ed /rs. ()tton to sn& t 8t+ +er1 as s+e dd1 and t+en at /rs. ()tton5s
reE)est also san& 8t+ +er t+e ot+er son& B"eCb"e19 $recsel"1 accordn& to
/rs. ()tton1 as t+e l2n& Rat+erne san& t. /r. ()tton1 8+o 8as $resent at
t+e frst sttn&1 dd not attend t+e second sttn&1 and +e 8as as3ed for
''edatel" after t+s sn&n&1 8+c+ ca'e at t+e be&nnn& of t+e sttn&.
Ra3e 8ants $a$a.9 T+s 8as a 2er" c+aracterstc e#$resson. T+ere 8ere
ndcatons s)&&estn& a 3no8led&e of 8+at 8as &on& on n /rs. ()tton5s
fa'l". %t t+e frst sttn& Rat+erne sad s+e 8ent to see +orse"9 e2er"
da". T+e stters +ad been sta"n& n t+e co)ntr" 8t+ /r. ()tton5s $arents
and +ad been dr2n& freE)entl". /ar&aret1 a l2n& sster1 8as stll t+ere1
and dr2n& dal". /rs. ()tton1 8+o +as +ad 'an" $s"c+cal e#$erences
+erself n seen& t+e a$$artons9 of deceased9 $ersons (see $. <A<) +ad
seen Ra3e9 d)rn& t+at 2st to /r. ()tton5s $arents. %t t+e second sttn&
Rat+erne sad t+at s+e sa8 Ba&e 8t+ &rand'a1 and t+at s+e $la"ed 8t+
Eleanor e2er" da" and l3ed t+e lttle bed. % lad" +ad recentl" lent Eleanor a
doll5s bed1 b)t /rs. ()tton +ad not assocated t+s 8t+ Ra3e. T+ere 8ere
ncdents at bot+ sttn&s 8+c+ s+o8ed assocatons t+at see'ed to be n t+e
'nd of t+e c+ld1 8+c+ dd not a8a3en t+e corres$ondn& assocatons n
t+e 'nds of t+e stters e2en 8+en t+e conte'$orar" notes to t+e sttn&s
8ere 'ade. T+)s n t+e frst sttn& s+e as3ed for +orse".9 /rs. ()tton &a2e
a lttle to" +orse 8t+ 8+c+ t+e c+ld +ad $la"ed d)rn& +er llness. B)t t+e
c+ld sad b& +orse"1 not t+s lttle one19 and /rs. ()tton s)r'sed t+at s+e
referred to anot+er to" cartC+orse t+at s+e )sed to l3e. %t t+e second sttn&
ca'e Ra3e 8ants t+e +orse19 and t+e lttle +orse 8as a&an &2en.
+ii,HJM-
!o1 t+at s not t+e one. T+e b& +orseso b&. LP+n)t s+o8s +o8
lar&e.M Eleanor5s +orse. Eleanor )sed to $)t t n Ra3e5s la$. (+e lo2ed t+at
+orse".9
T+ese addtonal $artc)lars1 8+c+ 8ere tr)e1 t+en re'nded /rs.
()tton of t+e +orse referred to1 8+c+ 8as $ac3ed a8a" n anot+er ct"1 and
8+c+ +ad not occ)rred to t+e 'nd of /rs. ()tton n connecton 8t+
Ra3e. ('larl" at t+e frst sttn& s+e as3ed t8o or t+ree t'es for t+e
lttle boo3.9 T+e stter noted t+at s+e l3ed a lnen $ct)reCboo3. B)t t+e
re'ar3s 'ade at +er second sttn& s)&&est t+at t+e lttle boo3 n t+e c+ld5s
'nd 8as not t+s one. Ra3e 8ants t+e lttle bt of a boo3 'a''a read b"
+er bedsde1 8t+ t+e $rett" br&+t t+n&s +an&n& fro' t'a''a $)t t n
+er +andst+e last t+n& s+e re'e'bers.9 /rs. ()tton states t+at t+s 8as a
lttle $ra"erCboo3 8t+ a cross and ot+er s"'bols n sl2er attac+ed to
rbbons for 'ar3n& t+e $laces1 and t+at t 8as sent to +er b" a frend after
Ra3e +ad ceased to 3no8 an" one e#ce$t $er+a$s for a $assn& 'o'ent.
/rs. ()tton read t 8+en Ra3e see'ed )nconsco)s1 and a$ter UaBieQs
death
*
$laced t n +er +ands to $re2ent t+e blood settln& n t+e nals. (+e
adds later t+at /rs. P$er5s +ands1 8+en t+e boo3 8as as3ed for at t+e
sttn&1 8ere $)t nto t+e sa'e $oston as Ra3e5s.
%not+er boo3 8as 'entoned at t+e second sttn& 8+c+ a$$arentl" 8as
t+e one 2rs. Sutton t+o)&+t of at t+e frst sttn&. Ra3e 8ants t+e boo3
8t+ red letters and $ct)res of an'als.9 Correct descr$ton.
%t t+s second sttn& also Rat+erne a&an a$$arentl" referred to /rs.
C.1 8+o 8as not a relat2e1as Auntie, and to +er &reatC&rand'ot+er as
2armie. %t t+s sttn& /rs. ()tton t8ce sa8 t+e a$$arton9 of Ra3e
(and s+e also sa8 t+e f&)re of ,r. Clar3e1 anot+er co'')ncator1 D)st as
P+n)t sadJ -ere s an old &entle'an 8+o 8ants to s$ea3 to "o)1 ,r.
Clar3e.9 (ee $. <A<). On one of t+ese occasons /rs. ()tton sa8 +er for a
'o'ent standn& at t+e table tr"n& to reac+ a s$ool9 of sl31 and at t+e sa'e
'o'ent P+n)t reac+ed for t1 sa"n&J (+e 8ants t+at1 s+e and Eleanor
)sed to $la" 8t+. (+e calls t Eleanor5s.9 T+s 8as all tr)e1 b)t t+e stter
+ad not connected t 8t+ Eleanor n +er t+o)&+ts.9 %not+er ncdent I
E)ote +ere D)st as t s &2en n t+e detaled re$ort of t+e sttn&.
LRa3e as3s for +er ball. I &a2e t to P+n)t1 8+o tres to fnd 8+at s+e
8ants to do 8t+ t.M
Bte tW Toss tW Roll tW T+ro8 tW9
L!o1 s+e 8ants a strn&. /rs. -. &a2e +' a strn&. -e tres to te t
aro)nd t+e ball.M L% lttle red 8ooden ball 8t+ a +ole t+ro)&+ t. T+e ball
+ad a strn& t+ro)&+ t 8+en s+e )sed to $la" 8t+ t.M
!o1 t+at s not r&+tt+ro)&+ t.9
T+ere1 t+ere1 be a &ood lttle &rl. ,on5t cr". ,on5t be '$atent. Yo)
8ant "o)r 'a''a to see +o8 "o) do t1 so s+e 8ll 3no8 t s "o)1 don5t
"o)1 dearW Old 'an 8ll do t for +er.9
L-e $)t t+e strn& t+ro)&+1 +eld t )$1 and +t t 8t+ t+e fn&er1 'a3n& t
s8n&.M
T+at s t1 s t not1 darln&W !ce lttle &rl as e2er 8as.9
L6+le s+e 8as sc3 t 8as +er &reat del&+t to +a2e 'e +old t+e strn&
and let +er +t t+e lttle red ball 8t+ +er fn&er or s$oon. (+e 'ade t+e
'otons as f don& t1 after s+e beca'e )nconsco)s.M
+ii,HJN-
9'3 . T+ere are n)'ero)s ncdents n connecton 8t+ /rs. P$er5s
trances1 8+c+ ndcate not onl" t+at artcles 8+c+ +a2e been 8orn b"
deceased $ersons 'a" facltate co'')ncatons fro' s)c+ $ersons1 b)t t+at
artcles 8+c+ +a2e been 8orn b" $ersons stll l2n& 'a" afford cl)es to
lon& $ast e2entsG b)t +o8 t+ese obDects afford ad n t+e acE)ston of
3no8led&e of t+e $ast e2ents s stll entrel" obsc)re. ((ee1 e.g.1
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <B>G 2ol. 2. $$. *?K.=.) T+s fac)lt" of
8+at I +a2e called retroco&nt2e telFst+esa1 s1 as 8e +a2e seen1 so'et'es
'anfested n cases 8+ere t+ere s no reason to ascrbe t to an" e#traneo)s
s$rt. ((ee ,*( 1 ,*( A 1 ,*( B .)
T+e alle&ed controlln& s$rts so'et'es see' to $ossess a s)$ernor'al
3no8led&e of t+e $resent bodl" state of l2n& $ersons1 8t+ t+e occasonal
$o8er of foretelln& or&anc c+an&es1 ncl)dn& deat+1 or of foreseen& t+e
f)t)re s)rro)ndn&s of a l2n& $erson. -ere1 a&an1 8e +a2e +ad nstances
of s'lar s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e on t+e $art of t+e s)bl'nal self (see ,',
A1 ,*3 F). (o'e of t+e 'ost s$ecfc nstances of $redctons of deat+s
&2en t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er are E)oted n 9'3 A. In one of t+ese cases a deat+
8as $redcted to occ)r soon19 and t occ)rred a lttle 'ore t+an a "ear later.
B)t n se2eral ot+er cases 8+ere deat+s 8ere $redcted to occ)r soon9 or
before 2er" lon&19 or 8+ere s'lar e#$ressons 8ere )sed1 t+e t'e
ela$sn& before t+e deat+ +as e#tended fro' abo)t t8o to not less t+an s#
"ears. T+ere s lttle e2dence of an" tr)e $re2son of ot+er e2ents t+an
deat+ t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er5s trance. In so'e cases1 e2ents see' to +a2e been
$artall" foreseen1 b)t t+e $redctons 'ade 8ere not co'$letel" f)lflled.
((ee &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *.<1 and co'$are +(, C.)
(ettn& asde t+e nstances e#$lcable b" so'e tele$at+c or telFst+etc
nference1 t+e dscarnate s$rts cla' occasonall" to see s$ecfc f)t)re
scenes n connecton 8t+ $artc)lar $ersonsof t+e or&n of 8+c+ scenes
t+e" see' )nable to offer an" e#$lanaton. T+e" do not $rofess )s)all" to be
a8are before+and of t+e $recse t'e of deat+ of a d"n& $erson1e#ce$t
$er+a$s n cases 8+ere t+e deat+ s 2er" near18+en t s cla'ed t+at t+e
a$$roac+n& deat+ beco'es 3no8n to t+e ncarnate s$rt (not necessarl" to
t+e s)$ral'nal self) as 8ell as to t+e dscarnate s$rt of so'e near relat2e1
b)t t+e real so)rce of t+e 3no8led&e re'ans1 of co)rse1 obsc)re.
*
+ii,HJO-
9'+ . 6t+ re&ard to t+e last of t+e t+ree $erods of /rs. P$er5s tranceC
+stor" to 8+c+ I referred n secton 9,+ 1 t+e onl" detaled $)bls+ed
acco)nts are contaned n Professor -"slo$5s re$ort of +s sttn&s n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2. B)t net+er +s records nor t+e 'an)scr$t
records 8+c+ I +a2e seen contan an" $roof of t+e $ersonal dentt" of t+e
alle&ed s$rts called I'$erator19 ,octor19 Rector19 &c.1 or an" $roof of
t+e dentt" of t+ese ntell&ences 8t+ t+ose cla'ed b" /r. /oses. ((ee
9+, 1 9,0 1 and &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. <>AK@.) 6+et+er an" s)c+
$roof 8ll be fort+co'n& n t+e f)t)re re'ans to be seen1or ndeed1
8+et+er $roof or ds$roof for )s at $resent s e2en $ossble.
9', . T+e acco)nts +ere E)oted are $er+a$s s)ffcent to ll)strate t+at
t+eor" of $ossesson 8+c+ see's es$ecall" to a$$l" to t+e case of /rs.
P$er1accordn& to 8+c+ +er bodl" or&ans' s controlled b" dscarnate
s$rts 8+o atte'$t to $ro2e t+er dentt" b" re$rod)cn& recollectons of
t+er eart+l" l2es.
*
In t+e case of /r. /oses t+e control of t+e 'nd or bod" b" dscarnate
s$rts see'ed to 2ar" n de&ree at dfferent t'es1 and t+e 'ed)'5s o8n
$reconce$tons see'ed to for' an '$ortant factor n t+e co'')ncatons
+e rece2ed1and t s ob2o)s t+at n /rs. P$er5s case also t+e control
')st be l'ted b" t+e dos"ncrases of t+e 'ed)'. B)t 8e ')st
contn)all" bear n 'nd t+e '$ossblt" of dstn&)s+n& t+e dfferent
ele'ents t+at 'a" enter nto so co'$le# a $+eno'enon. I +a2e s$o3en of
$arallel seres of 'anfestatons ndcatn& on t+e one +and t+e $o8ers of
t+e s)bl'nal self1 8+c+ c)l'nate n ecstas"1 and on t+e ot+er t+e a&enc"
of dscarnate s$rts1 leadn& on to $ossesson. B)t t+e $+eno'ena are not1 n
fact1 so s'$l" arran&ed. It see's $robable t+at 8+en a s$rt can control a
senst2e5s or&ans'1 t+e senst2e5s o8n s)bl'nal self 'a" be able to do
t+e sa'e. T+e trans$arenc" 8+c+ renders t+e one $ossesson $ossble
facltates also t+e ot+er. T+s 'a" be one reason for t+e ad'#t)re seen n
'ost trance )tterances1of ele'ents 8+c+ co'e fro' t+e senst2e5s o8n
'nd 8t+ ele'ents ns$red fro' 8t+o)t. To t+s so)rce of conf)son ')st
be added t+e nfl)ence of t+e senst2e5s s)$ral'nal self also1 8+ose +abts
of t+o)&+t and t)rns of s$eec+ ')st needs a$$ear 8+ene2er )se s 'ade of
t+e branCcentres 8+c+ t+at s)$ral'nal self +abt)all" controls. 4)rt+er1
8e cannot dra8 a clear lne bet8een t+e nfl)ence of t+e or&ans' tself1
as alread" 'o)lded b" ts o8n nd8elln& s$rt1and t+e contn)n&
nfl)ence of t+at s$rt1 not alto&et+er se$arated fro' t+e or&ans'. T+at s
to sa"1 t+e senst2e5s o8n $re2o)s deas 'a" &o on de2elo$n& t+e'sel2es
d)rn& +ii,HKP- t+e trance1 8+c+ 'a" t+)s be nco'$lete. T+e res)lt 'a" be
a 3nd of '#ed tele$at+" bet8een t+e stter1 t+e senst2e5s s$rt1 and t+e
e#traneo)s s$rt I bele2e t+at so'et'es d)rn& one and t+e sa'e access of
trance all t+ese ele'ents are n t)rn a$$arentG and a lon& fa'lart" 8t+ t+e
senst2e 8ll be needed f 8e 8o)ld dsentan&le t+e nter'n&led t+reads.
In t+e case of /rs. P$er t 'a" be s)$$osed t+at n t+e earlest sta&es of +er
tranceC+stor" s+e 8as not co'$letel" controlled b" dscarnate s$rts1 b)t
t+at +er s)bl'nal self 8as )sed as an nter'edar"1as a +"$notsed
s)bDect1 so to sa"1 follo8n& t+e s)&&estons of dscarnate s$rtsG t+at n t+e
ne#t sta&e t+e control b" dscarnate s$rts 8as of t+e 'ore drect and
co'$lete 3nd 8+c+ I +a2e s$ecall" called possession/ and t+at n +er last
$erod s+e +as re2erted once 'ore to t+e earler sta&e 8+ere +er s)bl'nal
self1 or ts nfl)ence1 s not co'$letel" e#cl)ded.
6+et+er t+s be so or not1 t+e a$$arent dstncton bet8een t+e control
b" +er o8n s)bl'nal self and t+at b" t+e alle&ed s$rts s stll not less
'ar3ed t+an n t+e earl" sta&es. Generall" t s e2en 'ore notceable1 o8n&
to t+e )s)al bref nter2als of ecstas" (after t+e control b" t+e dscarnate
s$rt +as ceased)1 8+en +er o8n s$rt or s)bl'nal self res)'es control1
and a$$ears to see and occasonall" to descrbe scenes n t+e s$rt)al 8orld1
so'et'es trans'ttn& 'essa&es of e2dental 2al)eG of all 8+c+ s+e
retans no recollecton on +er ret)rn to t+e nor'al state.
T+ere s ')c+ addtonal e2dence "et to be $)bls+ed t+at +as co'e
t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er d)rn& t+e last fe8 "ears n s)$$ort of t+e cla' t+at
recentl" deceased $ersons are co'')ncatn&1 besdes nstances of fal)res
and conf)son 8+c+ 8e ')st do)btless contn)e to e#$ect )nder t+e
condtons a$$arentl" n2ol2ed n t+e co'')ncatons. It see's fro' o)r
e#$erence t+)s far t+at t+e 'ost 2al)able e2dence 8e can +o$e to obtan of
$ersonal dentt" s l3el" to co'e fro' s$rts 8+o +a2e recentl" $assed
o2er 8t+ all t+er ne#$erence of t+at ot+er 8orld1 b)t t 'a" be t+at t+ese
are aded n t+er tas3 b" 'ore re'ote s$rts 8+ose dentt" 8e can net+er
$ro2e nor ds$ro2e. It s $er+a$s 'ore reasonable to s)$$ose t+at t+ere s
s)c+ s)$er2sonf 8e are n act)al co'')ncaton 8t+ a s$rt)al 8orld
at allt+an to t+n3 t+at t+e &reat s$rts of t+e $ast ta3e no abdn& nterest
n t+e co'')ncaton of t+at s$rt)al 8orld 8t+ o)rs.
9'' . 6e ')st no8 tr" to for' so'e 'ore defnte deabased not on
$reconce2ed t+eores b)t on o)r act)al obser2aton of trancesof t+e
$rocesses of $ossessonG t+o)&+ t s +ardl" necessar" to sa" t+at t+e 'ost
adeE)ate conce$ton t+at 8e can reac+ at $resent ')st be restrcted and
dstorted b" t+e l'tatons of o)r o8n 'ateral e#stence1 and can onl" be
e#$ressed b" t+e +el$ of cr)de analo&es.
I 'a" sa" at t+e o)tset t+at t+s sn&)lar )non bet8een t8o 8del"
dfferent +)'an ben&st+s possession of t+e or&ans'+as n t not+n&
8+ate2er t+at s 8erd or alar'n&. In /rs. P$er5s case t+e $rocesses of
entern& and lea2n& t+e trance1 8+c+ )sed to be acco'$aned1 +ii,HKG- n
Professor 7a'es5 8ords1 b" a &ood deal of res$rator" dst)rbance and
')sc)lar t8tc+n&19 are no8 as tranE)l as t+e acts of &on& to slee$ and
a8a3n&G and no res)lt of t+e trance )$on +er 8a3n& state s e2dent1 e#ce$t
a $assn& fat&)e f t+e trance +as been too far $rolon&ed1 or1 on t+e ot+er
+and1 a state of 2a&)e dff)sed +a$$ness s)c+ as so'et'es follo8s t+e
a8a3n& fro' a $leasant drea'. T+ere +as been no +ar'f)l nfl)ence on
+ealt+$ossbl" a benefcal nfl)ence. %t an" rate1 after sero)s nD)r"
fro' a sle&+ accdent1 and conseE)ent o$eratons1 /rs. P$er s no8 a
t+oro)&+l" +ealt+" 8o'an.9 In c+aracter s+e +as al8a"s belon&ed to a E)et
do'estc !e8 En&land t"$e1 ')c+ occ)$ed 8t+ +er +o)se+old and +er
c+ldren.
*
In ,r. -od&son5s 2e81 +er control b" ntell&ences abo2e +er
o8n +as ncreased +er stablt" and serent". If 8e loo31 n fact1 at t+e fles+C
andCblood sde of t+s stran&e con2erse1 8e see' to 8atc+ a $rocess of
nat)ral e2ol)ton o$enn& )$on )s 8t+ )ne#$ected easeG so t+at o)r 'an
d)t" s caref)ll" to searc+ for and tran s)c+ ot+er fa2o)red nd2d)als as
alread" s+o8 t+s for' of ca$act"al8a"s latent1 $er+a$s1 and no8
&rad)all" e'er&ent n t+e +)'an race. *ie :eister#et ist nicht
verschossen/ t+ese senst2es +a2e b)t to sn3 nto a dee$ recueiement, a
&)arded sl)'ber1 and t+at &ate stands 'anfestl" aDar. It s rat+er on t+e
ot+er sde of t+e &)lf t+at t+e dffc)ltes1 t+e $er$le#tes1 co'e t+c3 and
fast.
9'* . Let )s tr" to realse 8+at 3nd of feat t s 8+c+ 8e are e#$ectn&
t+e dse'boded s$rt to ac+e2e. ()c+ lan&)a&e1 I 3no81 a&an s)&&ests t+e
'edcneC'an5s 8&8a' rat+er t+an t+e st)d" of t+e 8+te $+loso$+er. Yet
can 8e feel s)re t+at t+e $rocess n o)r o8n 'nds 8+c+ +as (as 8e t+n3)
refned and s$rt)alsed 'an5s earl" conce$tons of an )nseen 8orld +as
been based )$on an" obser2ed factsW
In dealn& 8t+ 'atters 8+c+ le o)tsde +)'an e#$erence1 o)r onl"
cl)e s so'e atte'$t at continuity 8t+ 8+at 8e alread" 3no8. 6e cannot1
for nstance1 for' nde$endentl" a relable conce$ton of lfe n an )nseen
8orld. T+at conce$ton +as ne2er "et been farl" faced fro' t+e stand$ont
of o)r 'odern deas of contn)t"1 conser2aton1 e2ol)ton. T+e 'an
notons t+at +a2e been fra'ed of s)c+ s)r22al +a2e been fra'ed frst b"
sa2a&es and t+en b" a priori $+loso$+ers. To t+e 'an of scence t+e
E)eston +as ne2er "et ass)'ed eno)&+ of act)alt" to nd)ce +' to
consder t 8t+ scentfc care. -e +as contented +'self1 l3e t+e 'ass of
'an3nd1 8t+ so'e tradtonal t+eor"1 so'e e'otonal $reference for so'e
s)c+ $ct)re as see's to +' satsf"n& and e#alted. Yet +e 3no8s 8ell t+at
t+s s)bDect2e $rnc$le of c+oce +as led n +stor" to t+e acce$tance of
'an" a do&'a 8+c+ to 'ore c2lsed $erce$tons see's n t+e last de&ree
blas$+e'o)s and cr)el.
T+e sa2a&e1 I sa"1 'ade +s o8n $ct)re frst. %nd +e at an" rate +ii,
HKH- d'l" felt after a $rnc$le of contn)t"G alt+o)&+ +e a$$led t n
cr)dest fas+on. Yet t+e +a$$" +)ntn&C&ro)nd and t+e fat+f)l do& 8ere
conce$tons not 'ore arbtrar" and )nscentfc t+an t+at eternal and
)n'a&nable 8ors+$ in vacuo 8+c+ 'ore accredted teac+ers +a2e
$rocla'ed. %nd1 $assn& on to 'odern $+loso$+c conce$tons1 one 'a"
sa" t+at 8+ere t+e sa2a&e ass)'ed too itte dfference bet8een t+e 'ateral
and t+e s$rt)al 8orld t+e $+loso$+er +as ass)'ed too much. -e +as
re&arded t+e &)lf as too )nbrd&eableG +e +as ta3en for &ranted too clean a
s8ee$ of eart+l" 'odes of t+o)&+t. Tr"n& to s+a3e off t'e1 s$ace1 and
defnte for'1 +e +as atte'$ted to trans$ort +'self too 'a&call" to 8+at
'a" be n realt" an ''ensel" dstant &oal.
9') . -a2e 8e ne8 $+loso$+cal conce$tons sold eno)&+ to 8t+stand
t+e '$act of e2en a s'all 'ass of act)al e2denceW -a2e o)r notons of t+e
d&nfed and )nd&nfed n nat)ret+e stead"1 crc)lar 'oton of t+e
$lanets1 for nstance1 as o$$osed to t+e rre&)lar and ell$tcal&)ded )s n
t+e dsco2er" of tr)t+W 6o)ld not %rstotle1 d2nsn& t+e f#ed stars b"
reason of t+er 2er" re'oteness1 +a2e t+o)&+t t )nd&nfed to s)$$ose t+e'
co'$acted of t+e sa'e ele'ents as t+e stones )nder +s feetW /a" not
dse'boded so)ls1 l3e stars1 be of a 'a3e rat+er closer to o)r o8n t+an 8e
+a2e been 8ont to 'a&neW
6+at1 t+en1 s to be o)r conce$ton of dentt" $rolon&ed be"ond t+e
to'bW In eart+Clfe t+e act)al bod"1 n tself b)t a s)bordnate ele'ent n o)r
t+o)&+t of o)r frend1 dd "et b" ts $+"scal contn)t" o2errde as a s"'bol
of dentt" all la$ses of 'e'or"1 all c+an&es of t+e c+aracter 8t+n. Yet t
8as 'e'or" and c+aracter1t+e stored '$ressons )$on 8+c+ +e reacted1
and +s s$ecfc 'ode of reacton18+c+ 'ade o)r 2ertable frend. -o8
')c+ of 'e'or"1 +o8 ')c+ of c+aracter1 ')st +e $reser2e for o)r
reco&ntonW
,o 8e as3 t+at et+er +e or 8e s+o)ld re'e'ber al8a"s1 or s+o)ld
re'e'ber allW ,o 8e as3 t+at +s 'e'or" s+o)ld be e#$anded nto
o'nscence and +s c+aracter ele2ated nto d2nt"W %nd1 8+ate2er +e&+ts
+e 'a" attan1 do 8e de'and t+at +e s+o)ld re2eal to )sW %re t+e l'tatons
of o)r 'ateral 8orld no barrer to +'W
9'9 . It s safest to fall bac3 for t+e $resent )$on t+e fe8 $onts 8+c+
t+ese co'')ncatons do see' to ndcate. T+e s$rt1 t+en1 s +oldn&
con2erse 8t+ a l2n& 'an1 located n a certan $lace at a certan 'o'ent1
and an'ated b" certan t+o)&+ts and e'otons. T+e s$rt (to 8+c+ I ')st
&2e a ne)ter $rono)n for &reater clearness) n so'e cases can fnd and
follo8 t+e 'an as t $leases. It s t+erefore n so'e 8a" co&nNant of s$ace1
alt+o)&+ not condtoned b" s$ace. Its 'aster" of s$ace 'a" $er+a$s bear
so'e8+at t+e sa'e relaton to o)r e"es&+t as o)r e"es&+t bears to t+e
&ro$n&s of t+e blnd. ('larl"1 t+e s$rt a$$ears to be $artl" co&nNant of
o)r time, alt+o)&+ not 8+oll" condtoned t+ereb". It s a$t to see as present
bot+ certan t+n&s 8+c+ a$$ear to )s as $ast and certan t+n&s 8+c+
a$$ear to )s as f)t)re.
+ii,HKI-
Once 'ore1 t+e s$rt s at least $artl" consco)s of t+e t+o)&+t and
e'otons of ts eart+l" frend1 so far as drected to8ards tselfG and t+s not
onl" 8+en t+e frend s n t+e $resence of t+e senst2e1 b)t also (as G.P. +as
re$eatedl" s+o8n) 8+en t+e frend s at +o'e and l2n& +s ordnar" lfe.
Lastl"1 t see's as t+o)&+ t+e s$rt +ad so'e occasonal &l'$ses of
'ateral fact )$on t+e eart+ (as t+e contents of dra8ers and t+e l3e)1 not
'anfestl" $roceedn& t+ro)&+ an" l2n& 'nd. I do not1 +o8e2er1 recall
an" clear e2dence of a s$rt5s $erce$ton of 'ateral facts 8+c+ $ro2abl"
+a2e ne2er been 3no8n to an" ncarnate 'nd 8+ate2er.
9*0 . %cce$tn& t+s1 t+en1 for ar&)'ent5s sa3e1 as t+e nor'al condton
of a s$rt n reference to +)'an t+n&s1 8+at $rocess ')st t atte'$t f t
8s+es to co'')ncate 8t+ l2n& 'enW T+at t #i 8s+ to co'')ncate
see's $robable eno)&+1 f t retans not onl" 'e'or" of t+e lo2es of eart+1
b)t act)al fres+ consco)sness of lo2n& e'oton drected to8ards t after
deat+.
(ee3n& t+en for so'e o$en a2en)e1 t dscerns so'et+n& 8+c+
corres$onds (n G.P.5s $+rase) to a ighta &l''er of transl)cenc" n t+e
conf)sed dar3ness of o)r 'ateral 8orld. T+s l&+t9 ndcates a sensitive
a +)'an or&ans' so constt)ted t+at a s$rt can te'$orarl" in$orm or
contro t1 not necessarl" nterr)$tn& t+e strea' of t+e senst2e5s ordnar"
consco)snessG $er+a$s )sn& a +and onl"1 or $er+a$s1 as n /rs. P$er5s
case1 )sn& 2oce as 8ell as +and1 and occ)$"n& all t+e senst2e5s c+annels
of selfC'anfestaton. T+e dffc)ltes 8+c+ ')st be n+erent n s)c+ an act
of control are t+)s descrbed b" ,r -od&sonJ
If1 ndeed1 eac+ one of )s s a Hs$rtI t+at s)r22es t+e deat+ of t+e
fles+l" or&ans'1 t+ere are certan s)$$ostons t+at I t+n3 8e 'a" not
)nreasonabl" 'a3e concernn& t+e ablt" of t+e dscarnate Hs$rtI to
co'')ncate 8t+ t+ose "et ncarnate. E2en )nder t+e best of condtons for
co'')ncaton8+c+ I a' s)$$osn& for t+e nonce to be $ossblet
'a" 8ell be t+at t+e a$tt)de for co'')ncatn& clearl" 'a" be as rare as
t+e &fts t+at 'a3e a &reat artst1 or a &reat 'at+e'atcan1 or a &reat
$+loso$+er. %&an1 t 'a" 8ell be t+at1 o8n& to t+e c+an&e connected 8t+
deat+ tself1 t+e Hs$rtI 'a" at frst be ')c+ conf)sed1 and s)c+ conf)son
'a" last for a lon& t'eG and e2en after t+e Hs$rtI +as beco'e acc)sto'ed
to ts ne8 en2ron'ent1 t s not an )nreasonable s)$$oston t+at f t ca'e
nto so'e s)c+ relaton to anot+er l2n& +)'an or&ans' as t once
'antaned 8t+ ts o8n for'er or&ans'1 t 8o)ld fnd tself conf)sed b"
t+at relaton. T+e state '&+t be l3e t+at of a8a3enn& fro' a $rolon&ed
$erod of )nconsco)sness nto stran&e s)rro)ndn&s. If '" o8n ordnar"
bod" co)ld be $reser2ed n ts $resent state1 and I co)ld absent '"self fro'
t for da"s or 'ont+s or "ears1 and contn)e '" e#stence )nder anot+er set
of condtons alto&et+er1 and f I co)ld t+en ret)rn to '" o8n bod"1 t '&+t
8ell be t+at I s+o)ld be 2er" +ii,HKJ- conf)sed and nco+erent at frst n '"
'anfestatons b" 'eans of t. -o8 ')c+ 'ore 8o)ld t+s be t+e case 8ere
I to ret)rn to another +)'an bod". I '&+t be tro)bled 8t+ 2aro)s for's
of a$+asa and a&ra$+a1 '&+t be $artc)larl" lable to fal)res of n+bton1
'&+t fnd t+e condtons o$$ress2e and e#+a)stn&1 and '" state of 'nd
8o)ld $robabl" be of an a)to'atc and drea'l3e c+aracter. !o81 t+e
co'')ncators t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er5s trance e#+bt $recsel" t+e 3nd of
conf)son and nco+erence 8+c+ t see's to 'e 8e +a2e so'e reason a
priori to e#$ect f t+e" are act)all" 8+at t+e" cla' to be.9
9*1 . %t t+e o)tset of t+s c+a$ter I co'$ared t+e $+eno'ena of
$ossesson 8t+ t+ose of alternatn& $ersonaltes1 of drea's1 and of
so'na'b)ls'. !o8 t see's $robable t+at t+e t+ess of ')lt$le#
$ersonalt"na'el"1 t+at no 3no8n c)rrent of 'an5s consco)sness
e#+a)sts +s 8+ole consco)sness1 and no 3no8n self'anfestaton
e#$resses 'an5s 8+ole $otental ben&'a" +old &ood bot+ for e'boded
and for )ne'boded 'en1 and t+s 8o)ld lead )s to e#$ect t+at t+e
'anfestatons of t+e de$arted1t+ro)&+ t+e sensor" a)to'ats's dealt
8t+ n C+a$ter VII.1 and t+e 'otor a)to'ats's consdered n C+a$ter
VIII.1 )$ to t+e co'$leter for' of $ossesson ll)strated n t+e $resent
c+a$ter18o)ld rese'ble t+ose f)&t2e and )nstable co'')ncatons
bet8een 8del" dfferent strata of $ersonalt" of 8+c+ e'boded 'nds
offer )s e#a'$les. G.P. +'self a$$ears to be 8ell a8are of t+e drea'l3e
c+aracter of t+e co'')ncatons1 8+c+1 ndeed1 +s o8n st"le often
e#e'$lfes. T+)s +e 8rote on 4ebr)ar" *?t+1 *A@<J
Re'e'ber 8e s+are and al8a"s s+all +a2e o)r frends n t+e drea'C
lfe1 i.e. "o)r lfe so to s$ea31 8+c+ 8ll attract )s for e2er and e2er1 and so
lon& as 8e +a2e an" frends seeping n t+e 'ateral 8orldG "o) to )s are
'ore l3e as 8e )nderstand slee$1 "o) loo3 s+)t )$ as one n $rson1 and n
order for )s to &et nto co'')ncaton 8t+ "o)1 8e +a2e to enter nto "o)r
s$+ere1 as one l3e "o)rself1 aslee$. T+s s D)st 8+" 8e 'a3e 'sta3es1 as
"o) call t+e'1 or &et conf)sed and ')ddled.9
9*( . Yet e2en t+s 2er" dffc)lt" and fra&'entarness of
co'')ncaton o)&+t n t+e end to be for )s f)ll of an nstr)cton of ts o8n.
6e are +ere act)all" 8tnessn& t+e central '"ster" of +)'an lfe1 )nrolln&
tself )nder no2el condtons1 and o$en to closer obser2aton t+an e2er
before. 6e are seen& a 'nd )se a bran. T+e +)'an bran s n ts last
anal"ss an arran&e'ent of 'atter e#$ressl" ada$ted to ben& acted )$on b"
a s$rtG b)t so lon& as t+e acc)sto'ed s$rt acts )$on t t+e 8or3n& s
&enerall" too s'oot+ to allo8 )s a &l'$se of t+e 'ec+ans'. No#,
+o8e2er1 8e can 8atc+ an )nacc)sto'ed s$rt1 ne8 to t+e nstr)'ent1
nstalln& tself and feeln& ts 8a". T+e lessons t+)s learnt are l3el" to be
'ore $enetratn& t+an an" 8+c+ 'ere 'orbd nterr)$tons of t+e
acc)sto'ed s$rt5s 8or3 can teac+ )s. In a$+asa1 for nstance1 8e can
8atc+ 8t+ nstr)cton s$ecal dffc)ltes of )tterance1 s)$er2enn& on
s$ecal nD)res to t+e bran. B)t n possession 8e $erce2e +ii,HKK- t+e
controlln& s$rt act)all" en&a&ed n o2erco'n& so'e8+at s'lar
dffc)ltes8rtn& or )ttern& t+e 8ron& 8ord1 and t+en &ettn& +old of
t+e r&+t oneand so'et'es e2en fndn& $o8er to e#$lan to )s
so'et+n& of t+e 'n)te 2erbal 'ec+ans' (so to ter' t) t+ro)&+ 8+ose
bloc3n& or dslocaton t+e 'sta3e +as arsen.
6e 'a" +o$e1 ndeed1 t+at as o)r n2est&atons $roceed1 and as 8e on
t+s sde of t+e fatef)l &)lf1 and t+e dscarnate s$rts on t+e ot+er1 learn
'ore of t+e condtons necessar" for $erfect control of t+e bran and ner2o)s
s"ste' of nter'edares1t+e co'')ncatons 8ll &ro8 f)ller and 'ore
co+erent1 and reac+ a +&+er le2el of )ntar" consco)sness. /an" t+e
dffc)ltes 'a" be1 b)t s t+ere to be no dffc)lt" n ln3n& fles+ 8t+ s$rt
n o$enn& to 'an1 fro' +s $rsonn& $lanet1 a frst &l'$se nto cos'c
t+n&sW If n s)c+ s$eec+ as t+s t+ere be an" realt"1 t s not st)'bln&s or
sta''ern&s t+at s+o)ld sto$ )s. !a"1 alread" on certan occasons t+ere +as
been no st)'ble or sta''er8+en so'e e#$erenced co'')ncator +as
$o)red o)t an nt'ate 'essa&e )nder stron& e'oton. ()c+1 for nstance1
8as a $r2ate 'essa&e 8rtten b" G.P. to /r. -o8ard19 8+o s1 b" t+e 8a"1
a 8ellC3no8n and able 'an of $rofessoral stat)s1 and 8+o 8as a defnte
dsbele2er n a f)t)re lfe )ntl G.P. con2nced +'. T+e +oldn& t)rn9 to
t+at con2cton 8as &2en b" t+e 'essa&e 8+c+ ,r. -od&son t+)s
descrbes. It 8as 8rtten n res$onse to a reE)est for so'e ncdent1 8+c+
certanl" no one sa2e G.P. and /r. -o8ard1 +s 'ost nt'ate elder frend
and ad2ser1 co)ld $ossbl" +a2e 3no8n.
T+e transcr$ton +ere of t+e 8ords 8rtten b" G.P. con2e"s1 of co)rse1
no $ro$er '$resson of t+e act)al crc)'stances. T+e nert 'ass of t+e
)$$er $art of /rs. P$er5s bod" t)rned a8a" fro' t+e r&+t ar'1 and sa&&n&
do8n1 as t 8ere1 l'$ and lfeless o2er /rs. -o8ard5s s+o)lder1 b)t t+e
r&+t ar'1 and es$ecall" +and1 'oble1 ntell&ent1 de$recator"1 t+en
'$atent and ferce n t+e $ersstence of t+e 8rtn& 8+c+ follo8ed1 8+c+
contans too ')c+ of t+e $ersonal ele'ent n G.P.5s lfe to be re$rod)ced
+ere. (e2eral state'ents 8ere read b" 'e1 and assented to b" /r. -o8ard1
and t+en 8as 8rtten H$r2ate1I and t+e +and &entl" $)s+ed 'e a8a". I
retred to t+e ot+er sde of t+e roo'1 and /r. -o8ard too3 '" $lace close to
t+e +and 8+ere +e co)ld read t+e 8rtn&. -e dd not1 of co)rse1 read t
alo)d1 and t 8as too $r2ate for '" $er)sal. T+e +and1 as t reac+ed t+e end
of eac+ s+eet1 tore t off fro' t+e bloc3Cboo31 and t+r)st t 8ldl" at /r.
-o8ard1 and t+en contn)ed 8rtn&. T+e crc)'stances narrated1 /r.
-o8ard nfor'ed 'e1 contaned $recsel" t+e 3nd of test for 8+c+ +e +ad
as3ed1 and +e sad t+at +e 8as H$erfectl" satsfed$erfectl".I9
(&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #.1 $. ;...)
9*3 . In t+s 8a" 8e 'a" e#$lan certan facts as to t+e 'ode of
co'')ncaton 8+c+ are l3el" to be at frst 'snter$reted1 and to create
an '$resson of $an or stran&eness 8+ere1 n '" 2e81 t+ere s not+n& +ii,
HKL- be"ond 8+oleso'e effort n t+e nor'al co)rse of e2ol)ton a'on&
bot+ ncarnate and dscarnate 'en. One to)c+ of $at+os1 ndeedt+o)&+
not of tra&ed"stands o)t to '" recollecton fro' t+e trances 8+c+ I +a2e
8atc+eda 3nd of sa2a&e and ''e'oral e'oton 8+c+ ta3es one bac3
to 'an" an oldC8orld le&end1 and to t+e <dyssey of -o'er abo2e all.
Od"sse)s1 at t+e entrance of t+e )nderC8orld1 $o)red t+e blood of
2ct's nto a trenc+1 t+at t+e d' s$rts of t+e dead '&+t drn3 of t and
+a2e force to s$ea3 and +ear. B)t t 8as to learn fro' Teresas t+at +e
ca'e1 and )ntl +e +ad s$o3en 8t+ Teresas +e s)ffered none of t+e
t+ron&n& s$rts to dra8 an&+. T+ere sat +eas Pol"&not)s5 $ct)re
s+o8ed +'on a +ea$ of stones n t+e &re" l&+t besde t+e trenc+1 +s
dra8n s8ord lad bet8#t +' and +s 'ot+er5s so)lG snce1 not e2en t+)s1
t+o5 sc3 at +eart1 8o)ld I s)ffer +er to co'e n&+ t+e blood1 ere I +ad +eard
t+e tale Teresas +ad to tell.9
AAI I m q, m1
Ti u L(o)rceM.
E2en n s)c+ fas+on1 t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er5s trances1 t+e t+ron&n&
')ltt)de of t+e de$arted $ress to t+e &l'$se of l&+t. Ea&er1 b)t )ntraned1
t+e" nterDect t+er )nco'$re+ended cresG 2anl" t+e" call t+e na'es 8+c+
no 'an ans8ersG l3e brds t+at +a2e beaten a&anst a l&+t+o)se1 t+e" $ass
n dsa$$ont'ent a8a". %t frst t+s conf)son &ra2el" nterfered 8t+
co+erent 'essa&es1 b)t t+ro)&+ t+e second and t+rd sta&es of /rs. P$er5s
trances1 )nder t+e 8atc+f)l care a$$arentl" of s)$er2sn& s$rts1 t +as
tended 'ore and 'ore to dsa$$ear.
%ll t+s ')st needs be soG "et I1 at least1 +ad not realsed before+and t+at
t+e $ress)re fro' that sde 8as l3el" to be 'ore )r&ent t+an fro' this.
!at)rall"G snce often on t+s sde so'et+n& of ne2table do)btna"1 of
s+)ddern& $reD)dce and ca)seless fearc)rdles t+e strea' of lo2eG 8+le
for t+e' t+e '$ers+able affecton flo8s on )nc+ec3ed and f)ll. T+e"
"earn to tell of t+er blss1 to $ro'se t+er 8elco'e at t+e destned +o)r. %
needless scr)$le1 ndeed1 8+c+ dreads to call or to constran t+e'Z 6e can
bnd t+e' b" no bonds b)t of lo2e/ t+e" are 'ore read" to +ear t+an 8e to
$ra"G of t+er o8n act and &race t+e" 2st o)r s$rts n $rson.
9*+ . 6e ')st no8 re'e'ber t+at t+s seres of ncdents does not stand
alone. T+s case of /rs. P$er s1 ndeed1 one of t+e 'ost nstr)ct2e n o)r
collecton1 on acco)nt of ts len&t+ and co'$le#t" and t+e care 8t+ 8+c+
t +as been obser2ed. B)t t s led )$ to b" all o)r $re2o)s e2dences1 and I
8ll +ere brefl" state 8+at facts t+e" are 8+c+ o)r recorded a$$artons1
nt'atons1 'essa&es of t+e de$artn& and t+e de$arted1 +a2e1 to '" 'nd1
act)all" $ro2ed.
5a6 In t+e frst $lace1 t+e" $ro2e s)r22al $)re and s'$leG t+e
$ersstence of t+e s$rt5s lfe as a str)ct)ral la8 of t+e )n2erseG t+e
nalenable +erta&e of eac+ se2eral so)l.
+ii,HKM-
5b6 In t+e second $lace1 t+e" $ro2e t+at bet8een t+e s$rt)al and t+e
'ateral 8orlds an a2en)e of co'')ncaton does n fact e#stG t+at 8+c+
8e call t+e des$atc+ and t+e rece$t of tele$at+c 'essa&es1 or t+e )tterance
and t+e ans8er of $ra"er and s)$$lcaton. ((ee $. ;>@.)
5c6 In t+e t+rd $lace1 t+e" $ro2e t+at t+e s)r22n& s$rt retans1 at least
n so'e 'eas)re1 t+e 'e'ores and t+e lo2es of eart+. 6t+o)t t+s
$ersstence of lo2e and 'e'or" s+o)ld 8e be n tr)t+ t+e sameW To 8+at
e#tent +as an" $+loso$+" or an" re2elaton ass)red )s +ereof tll no8W
T+e abo2e $onts1 I t+n31 are certan1 f t+e a$$artons and 'essa&es
$roceed n realt" fro' t+e sources 8+c+ t+e" cla'. On a lo8er e2dental
le2el co'es t+e t+ess dra8n fro' t+e contents of t+e lon&er 'essa&es1
8+c+ contents 'a" of co)rse be nfl)enced n )n3no8n de&ree b" t+e
e#$ectaton of t+e rec$ents or b" so'e s)c+ nf)son of drea'l3e 'atter
as I +a2e alread" 'entoned. T+at t+ess s as follo8sG I offer t for 8+at t
'a" be 8ort+J E2er" ele'ent of nd2d)al 8sdo'1 2rt)e1 lo2e1 de2elo$s
n nfnte e2ol)ton to8ard an e2erC+&+ern& +o$eG to8ard -' 8+o s at
once t+ne nner'ost (elf1 and t+ne e2er )nattanable ,esre.9
4or '" o8n $art1 t+e alle&ed re2elaton n ts &eneral c+aracter1 so far as
"et co+erent1 see's to 'e so &ood and r&+t t+at I 'str)st t on t+at 2er"
&ro)nd1 fearn& lest t be b)t t+e reflecton of t+e 'o'entar" attt)de of t+e
$ett" 'nds of 'en. /an" of t+e 'essa&es1 no do)bt1 +a2e been del2ered
to $ersons 8+ose o8n $reconce$tons 8ere at least $artl" +ostle to t+e
teac+n& &2en. B)t t+s $ro2es lttleG for t+ere 'a" be a 3nd of s)bC
consco)s consens)s of o$nona VetCGestn all conte'$orar" 'nds
beneat+ t+er s)$erfcal dfferences of C+)rc+ or $+loso$+cal sc+ool. 6e
need 'ore tests and 'ore corroboratons1 a clearer and 'ore contn)o)s
control of t+e c+annels of )tterance1 before 8e can trans't 8t+ confdence
an"t+n& be"ond t+e barest $ro2sonal s3etc+ of t+at Orbs I&not)s.
Eno)&+1 s)rel"1 and 'ore t+an 'an +ad dared to +o$e1 f no8 a c+annel of
co'')ncaton s 2ertabl" o$ened1 and f t+e frst 'essa&e s one of lo2e.
%nd I bele2e t+at 8+ate2er of ne8 re2elaton 'a" t+)s be co'n& to )s
co'es not to destro" b)t to f)lfl. Is t+ere not $ro'se of so'e f)lfl'ent
of so'e s"nt+ess of t+ose $artal &l'$ses of t+e $aste2en n t+e fe8
bald $+rases n 8+c+ I +a2e ad)'brated 8+at 8e are be&nnn& to 3no8W If
8e defne Rel&on as 'an5s nor'al s)bDect2e res$onse to t+e s)' of
3no8n cos'c $+eno'ena1 ta3en as an ntell&ble 8+ole19 +o8 dfferent
8ll t+at res$onse beco'e 8+en 8e 3no8 for certan t+at no lo2e can deG
8+en 8e dscern t+e be8ldern& ()' of T+n&sbe"ond all bo)nds of sect
or s"ste'1 strepitumque Acherontis avaribroadenn& and +e&+tenn& nto
a 'oral Cos'os s)c+ as o)r race co)ld scarcel" e2en conce2e tll no8Z
9*, . T+ere s1 +o8e2er1 one feeln& 8+c+ +as done ')c+ to deter
nE)r" n t+ese drectons. To 'an" 'nds t+ere see's to be a 8ant of
dignity +ii,HKN- n t+s 'ode of acE)rn& 3no8led&e of an )nseen 8orld. It
s felt t+at e2en as t+ere s so'et+n& &rand and noble n t+e obDect1 t+ere
o)&+t to be so'et+n& corres$ondn&l" e#alted n t+e 'eans e'$lo"ed. T+s
+as1 t s t+o)&+t1 been t+e case 8t+ all for'er re2elatons 8+c+ +a2e 'ade
an" sero)s cla' on t+e attenton of 'an3nd. Rel&ons +a2e been
s)$$orted b" tradton1 b" 'racle1 b" t+e dee$ $ersonal e'oton 8+c+ t+e"
+a2e been able to &enerate. T+ere s so'et+n& $altr" or e2en re$)&nant n
t+e noton of establs+n& a ne8 fat+ )$on a seres of e#$er'ents dealn&
'anl" 8t+ certan 3nds of $+"scal sensblt" 8+c+ see' at best to be
scattered at rando' a'on& 'an3nd.
T+ere s real primF $acie force n s)c+ an obDecton. It s not fancf)l to
de'and so'et+n& of 'anfest con&r)t" bet8een 'eans and endG not
fancf)l1 at an" rate1 to dstr)st an" $o8ers 'erel" of t+e fles+ as e#$lann&
to )s t+e $o8ers of t+e s$rt.
%nd "et1 on a 8der 2e81 8e s+all $erce2e t+at 8+at s 'ssn& n t+s
ne8 nE)r" les 'erel" n s)c+ ele'ents of '$ress2eness as beft t+e 'ere
c+ld+ood of t+e 8orldG 8+le1 on t+e ot+er +and1 8e are &ann& for t+e
E)est of s$rt)al tr)t+ t+at tr)er d&nt" 8+c+ (cence +as &2en to 'an5s
scattered 3no8led&eGt+e d&nt" of )n2ersal co&enc" and of )narrested
$ro&ress2eness. (cence1 as 8e 3no81 8ll not rest 8t+ co'$lacenc" n
$resence of t+e e#ce$tonal1 t+e catastro$+c1 t+e 'rac)lo)s. ()c+ E)altes
constt)te for +er not a cla' to re2erence b)t a c+allen&e to e#$lanaton.
(+e fnds a tr)er &rande)r n t+e coll&aton of startln& $+eno'ena )nder
so'e co'$re+ens2e &eneralsaton. -er +&+est deal s cos'c la8Gand
s+e be&ns to s)s$ect t+at an" la8 8+c+ s tr)l" cos'c s also n so'e
sense e2ol)tonar".
!o8 I re$eat1and n t+e $resent sta&e of +)'an t+o)&+t t can
scarcel" be re$eated too often1t+at n t+e la8 of tele$at+"1 de2elo$n& nto
t+e la8 of s$rt)al nterco'')ncaton bet8een ncarnate and dscarnate
s$rts1 8e see d'l" ad)'brated before o)r e"es t+e +&+est la8 8t+ 8+c+
o)r +)'an scence can conce2abl" +a2e to deal. T+e dsco2er" of tele$at+"
o$ens before )s a $otental co'')ncaton bet8een all lfe.
%nd f1 as o)r $resent e2dence ndcates1 t+s tele$at+c nterco)rse can
s)bsst bet8een e'boded and dse'boded so)ls1 t+at la8 ')st needs le at
t+e 2er" centre of cos'c e2ol)ton. It 8ll be e2ol)tonar"1 as de$endn& on
a fac)lt" no8 n act)al co)rse of de2elo$'ent. It 8ll be cos'cG for t 'a"
t al'ost mustb" analo&" s)bsst not on t+s $lanet onl"1 b)t 8+ere2er
n t+e )n2erse dscarnate and ncarnate s$rts 'a" be nter'n&led or
D)#ta$osed.
T+s s)rel" s a &eneralsaton as 2ast1 as '$ress2e1 as t+e +)'an 'nd
can entertan. Tradton1 'racle1 $ersonal e'otonG8+c+ of t+ese ancent
b)ttresses s an" lon&er needed for t+e fr'er1 t+e scentfc fat+W %nd "et1
f t be a E)eston of tradition, 8+at sn&le rel&on can )nte and +ar'onse
Qc)'encal tradton l3e t+s oldCne8 creedW T+e +ii,HKO- le&endar" lore of
all co)ntres1t+e sacred boo3s of all rel&ons1t+e Bble tself ncl)ded1
are f)ll of $s"c+cal $+eno'ena 8+c+ t+)s onl" are 'ade co+erent and
ntell&ble. If t+ere be E)eston of mirace, 8+at sacred +stor" can s+o8
s)c+ stran&e a$$arent contra2entons of t+e $+"scal order1s)c+ 2ctores
o2er t+e &rossness of 'atter1as o)r obser2atons n2ol2eWor (better stll)
can red)ce all t+ese so con2ncn&l" )nder t+e real' of -&+er La8W 6+le
as for $ersonal e'otonG8+at can t+ere be at once 'ore nt'ate and 'ore
e#altn& t+an t+e 8a3n& realt" of con2erse 8t+ belo2ed and enfranc+sed
so)lsW (o s+all a 'an feel t+e ancent fello8Clabo)r dee$ened1 t+e old
3ns+$ closer stllG t+e eart+l" $asson sealed and +allo8ed b" t+e
rre2ersble D)d&'ent of t+e Blest.
y y y y y y y
9*' . %'on& t+e cases of trance dsc)ssed n t+s c+a$ter1 8e +a2e
fo)nd nt'atel" nter8o2en 8t+ t+e $+eno'ena of $ossesson 'an"
nstances of ts correlat2e1ecstas". /rs. P$er5s fra&'entar" )tterances
and 2sons d)rn& +er $assa&e fro' trance to 8a3n& lfe1)tterances and
2sons t+at fade a8a" and lea2e no re'e'brance n +er 8a3n& selfG
/oses5 occasonal 2sons1 +s Do)rne"s n t+e s$rt 8orld9 8+c+ +e
recorded on ret)rnn& to +s ordnar" consco)snessG -o'e5s entrance'ent
and con2erse 8t+ t+e 2aro)s controls 8+ose 'essa&es +e &a2eGall t+ese
s)&&est act)al e#c)rsons of t+e ncarnate s$rt fro' ts or&ans'. T+e
t+eoretcal '$ortance of t+ese s$rt)al e#c)rsons s1 of co)rse1 2er" &reat.
It s1 ndeed1 so &reat t+at 'ost 'en 8ll +estate to acce$t a t+ess 8+c+
carres )s stra&+t nto t+e n'ost sanct)ar" of '"stcs'G 8+c+ $reac+es
a $rec)rsor" entrance nto t+e 'ost +ol" $lace1 as b" d2ne
trans$ortaton.9
Yet I t+n3 t+at t+s belef1 alt+o)&+ e#tre'e1 s not1 at t+e $ont to
8+c+ o)r e2dence +as carred )s1 n an" real 8a" '$robable. To $)t t+e
'atter brefl"1 f a s$rt fro' o)tsde can enter t+e or&ans'1 t+e s$rt fro'
nsde can &o o)t1 can c+an&e ts centre of $erce$ton and acton1 n a 8a"
less co'$lete and rre2ocable t+an t+e c+an&e of deat+. Ecstas" 8o)ld t+)s
be s'$l" t+e co'$le'entar" or correlat2e as$ect of s$rtCcontrol. ()c+ a
c+an&e need not be a spatia c+an&e1 an" 'ore t+an t+ere need be an"
spatia c+an&e for t+e s$rt 8+c+ n2ades t+e deserted or&ans'. !a"1
f)rt+erJ f t+e ncarnate s$rt can n t+s 'anner c+an&e ts centre of
$erce$ton n res$onse (so to sa") to a dscarnate s$rt5s n2ason of t+e
or&ans'1 t+ere s no ob2o)s reason 8+" t s+o)ld not do so on ot+er
occasons as 8ell. 6e are alread" fa'lar 8t+ tra2elln& clar2o"ance19 a
s$rt5s c+an&e of centre of $erce$ton a'on& t+e scenes of t+e 'ateral
8orld. /a" t+ere not be an e#tenson of tra2elln& clar2o"ance to t+e
s$rt)al 8orldW a s$ontaneo)s transfer of t+e centre of $erce$ton nto t+at
re&on fro' 8+ence dscarnate s$rts see' no8 to be able1 on t+er sde1 to
co'')ncate 8t+ &ro8n& freedo'W
+ii,HLP-
T+e conce$ton of ecstasyat once n ts 'ost lteral and n ts 'ost
loft" sense+as t+)s de2elo$ed tself1 al'ost nsensbl"1 fro' se2eral
conc)rrent lnes of act)al 'odern e2dence. It ')st stll1 of co)rse1 be lon&
before 8e can at all adeE)atel" se$arate1I can +ardl" sa" t+e obDect2e
fro' t+e s)bDect2e ele'ent n t+e e#$erence1 for 8e +a2e &ot be"ond t+e
re&on 8+ere t+e 'eann& of t+ose 8ords s clear1b)t t+e ele'ent n t+e
e#$erence 8+c+ s reco&nsed and res$onded to b" s$rts ot+er t+an t+e
ecstatc5s1 fro' t+e ele'ent 8+c+ belon&s to +s o8n s$rt alone.
In t+e 'eant'e1 +o8e2er1 t+e fact t+at t+s 3nd of co'')non of
ecstas" +as been1 n $rel'nar" fas+on1 rendered $robable s of t+e +&+est
'$ortance for o)r 8+ole nE)r". 6e t+)s co'e drectl" nto relaton 8t+
t+e +&+est for' 8+c+ t+e 2aro)s rel&ons 3no8n to 'en +a2e ass)'ed n
t+e $ast.
9** . It s +ardl" a $arado# to sa" t+at t+e e2dence for ecstas" s
stron&er t+an t+e e2dence for an" ot+er rel&o)s belef. Of all t+e
s)bDect2e e#$erences of rel&on1 ecstas" s t+at 8+c+ +as been 'ost
)r&entl"1 $er+a$s to t+e $s"c+olo&st 'ost con2ncn&l"1 assertedG and t s
not confned to an" one rel&on. 4ro' a $s"c+olo&cal $ont of 2e81 one
'an ndcaton of t+e '$ortance of a s)bDect2e $+eno'enon fo)nd n
rel&o)s e#$erence 8ll be t+e fact t+at t s co''on to all rel&ons. I
do)bt 8+et+er t+ere s an" $+eno'enon1 e#ce$t ecstas"1 of 8+c+ t+s can
be sad. 4ro' t+e 'edcneC'an of t+e lo8est sa2a&es )$ to (t. 7o+n1 (t.
Peter1 (t. Pa)l1 8t+ B)dd+a and /a+o'et on t+e 8a"1 8e fnd records
8+c+1 t+o)&+ 'orall" and ntellect)all" ')c+ dffern&1 are n
$s"c+olo&cal essence t+e sa'e.
%t all sta&es al3e 8e fnd t+at t+e s$rt s conce2ed as E)ttn& t+e
bod"G or1 f not E)ttn& t1 at least as &reatl" e#$andn& ts ran&e of
$erce$ton n so'e state rese'bln& trance. Obser2e1 'oreo2er1 t+at on t+s
2e8 all &en)ne recorded for's of ecstas" are a3n1 and all of t+e'
re$resent a real fact.
6e t+)s s+o8 contn)t" and realt" a'on& $+eno'ena 8+c+ +a2e
seldo' been et+er correlated 8t+ eac+ ot+er or e2en ntell&bl" conce2ed
n se$araton. 6t+ o)r ne8 ns&+t 8e 'a" correlate t+e +&+est and t+e
lo8est ecstatc $+eno'ena 8t+ no nD)r" 8+ate2er to t+e +&+est. T+e
s+a'an1 t+e 'edcneC'an8+en +e s not a 'ere '$ostorenters as
tr)l" nto t+e s$rt)al 8orld as (t. Peter or (t. Pa)l. Onl" +e enters a
dfferent re&on t+ereofG a conf)sed and dar3ened $ct)re terrfes nstead of
e#altn& +'. 4or )s1 +o8e2er1 t+e 2er" fact t+at 8e bele2e n his 2son
&2es a ne8 realt" to stren&t+en and ad o)r belef n t+e a$ostle5s 2son of
t+e se2ent+ +ea2en.9
6+et+er n t+e bod" or o)t of t+e bod"19 8+et+er t+e seer5s s$rt be
se2ered for t+e t'e fro' +s or&ans' or no1 s)c+ nlet and ntro&resson
does occ)r.
It s t+ese s)bDect2e feeln&s of 2son or ns$raton 8+c+ +a2e to +ii,
HLG- 'an" 'en for'ed t+e 'ost '$ress2e and fr)tf)l 'o'ents of lfe.
6+le not allo8n& an obDect2e tr)t+ to t+er re2elatons1 8e s+all no8 be
$re$ared to ad't a realt" n t+e s)bDect2e e#$erence. T+ere s no s$ecal
$ont at 8+c+ 8e ')st ass)'e a barrer nter$osed to t+e n8ard
8t+dra8al and on8ard )r&enc" of 'an.
6e need not den" t+e transcendental ecstas" to an" of t+e stron& so)ls
8+o +a2e cla'ed to feel tGto ElDa+ or to Isaa+1 to Plato or to Plotn)s1
to (t. 7o+n or to (t. Pa)l1 to B)dd+a or /a+o'et1 to Vr&l or ,ante1 to (t.
T+eresa or to 7oan of %rc1 to Rant or to (8edenbor&1 to 6ords8ort+ or to
Tenn"son. T+ro)&+ 'an" a&es t+at ns&+t and t+at 'e'or" +a2e 8ro)&+t
t+er 8or3 n 'an" 8a"s. T+e re'e'brance of ecstas" +as ns$red
rel&ons1 +as fo)nded $+loso$+es1 +as lfted nto stanless +eros' a
s'$le &rl. Yet rel&ons and $+loso$+esas t+ese +a2e +t+erto been
3no8nare b)t balloonCfl&+ts 8+c+ +a2e carred se$arate &ro)$s )$ to
t+e 'o)ntan s)''t1 8+t+er scence at last ')st 'a3e +er road for all 'en
clear. It s b" breach o$ continuity, b" $assn& fro' one ele'ent to anot+er1
t+at t+e" +a2e been able to soar so +&+. 4or scence1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e
continuity of t+e :n2erse s n fact ts 3e". T+e tas3 of o)r race n ts
'at)rt" ')st be to rse to t+ose sa'e +e&+ts 8t+ t+at stead" tra'$ as of
le&ons alon& a Ro'an road 8+c+ +as alread" &at+ered n t+e eart+l"
3no8led&e of earler a&es 8t+n t+e pomrium of scentfc la8. T+e
contn)t" of t+e )n2erse1 t+at s to sa"1 so far as b" )s co'$re+ensble1
')st needs be a contn)t" of ob"ective, and for t+at 2er" reason of symboic
'anfestaton. %ll t+e obDect2e s s"'bolcG o)r dal" bread s as s"'bolc
as t+e f)rnt)re of (8edenbor&5s +ea2ens and +ells. To o)r e'boded so)ls
t+e 'atter ro)nd )s see's real and selfCe#stentG to so)ls e'anc$ated t s
b)t t+e s&n of t+e de&ree 8+c+ 8e +a2e reac+ed1 and t+)s t+e +&+est tas3
of scence ')st be to ln3 and coCordnate t+e s"'bols a$$ro$rate to o)r
terrene state 8t+ t+e s"'bols a$$ro$rate to t+e state ''edatel" abo2e )s.
!a"1 one '&+t $)s+ t+s tr)t+ to $arado#1 and 'antan t+at of all eart+5s
ns$red s$rts t +as been t+e least d2nsed1 t+e least lo2able1 8+o +as
o$ened t+e s)rest $at+ for 'en. Rel&ons +a2e rsen and de a&anG
$+loso$+"1 $oetr"1 +eros'1 ans8er onl" ndrectl" t+e $r'e need of 'en.
Plotn)s1 t+e ea&le soarn& abo2e t+e to'b of Plato19 s lost to s&+t n t+e
+ea2ens. ConE)ern& and to conE)er1 t+e /ad rdes on t+ro)&+ ot+er
8orlds t+an o)rs. Vr&l +'self1 l&+t a'on& t+e 2ans+ed a&es1 star t+at
&ldest "et t+s eart+l" s+ore19 s)stans o)r s$rt1 as I +a2e sad1 b)t
ndrectl"1 b" flln& stll o)r fo)ntan of $)rest ntellect)al Do". B)t t+e
$rosac (8ede1+s stff 'nd $rc3l" 8t+ do&'a1t+e o$aE)e cellC8alls
of +s ntell&ence flooded clo)dl" b" t+e rradant da"1t+s 'an as b" t+e
2er" l'tatons of +s fac)lt"1 b" t+e $ractcal +)'lt" of a s$rt traned to
acE)re b)t not to &enerate tr)t+1+as a838ardl" lad t+e cornerCstone1
&rotesE)el" s3etc+ed t+e ele2aton of a te'$le 8+c+ o)r re'otest $ostert"
8ll be +ii,HLH- )$b)ldn& and adornn& stll. 4or +e d'l" felt t+at 'an5s
tr)e $assa&e and nt)ton fro' state to state de$ends not )$on nd2d)al
ecstas"1 b)t )$on co'$re+ens2e la8G 8+le "et all la8 s n fact b)t
s"'bolG ada$taton of tr)t+ t'eless and nfnte to ntell&ences of lo8er or
+&+er ran&e.
y y y y y y y
9*) . In t+e co)rse of t+s boo3 I +a2e se2eral t'es to)c+ed on t+e
dffc)lt E)estons rased b" t+e ncdents 8+c+ +a2e been classed as
retroco&nt2e and $reco&nt2e1
*
and 8+c+ see' to s)&&est a $o8er "et
'ore re'ote t+an tele$at+" or telFst+esa fro' o)r ordnar" 'et+ods of
acE)rn& 3no8led&e. T+e consderaton of t+e $roble's n2ol2ed 8as1
+o8e2er1 $ost$oned to t+s c+a$ter1 and ')st no8 be dealt 8t+ +ere.
In a )n2erse 8+ere nstantaneo)s &ra2taton o$erates )ne#$laned
8+ere a 8orld of et+er coe#sts 8t+ a 8orld of 'atter'en5s 'nds ')st
needs +a2e a certan o$enness to ot+er '"stero)s trans'ssonsG ')st be
read" to conce2e ot+er n2sble en2ron'ents or coCe#stences1 and n a
sense to st loose to t+e conce$ton of ($ace1 re&arded as an obstacle to
co'')ncaton or co&nton. % s'lar e'anc$aton fro' t+e l'tatons of
T'e s 'ore dffc)lt. 6e can1 of co)rse1 'a&ne ncreased $o8ers of
re'e'bern& t+e Past1 of nferrn& t+e f)t)re. B)t 8e can +ardl" conce2e
t+e Past re22ed1 sa2e n so'e 'nd 8+c+ +as drectl" obser2ed t. %nd to
'a&ne t+e 4)t)re as 3no8n1 e#ce$t b" nference and contn&entl"1 to an"
'nd 8+ate2er s to nd)ce at once t+at ron collson bet8een 4ree 6ll and
4#ed 4ate1 4ore3no8led&e absol)te19 fro' 8+c+ no s$ar3s of l&+t +a2e
e2er "et been str)c3. (tll 'ore )n8elco'e s t+e f)rt+er 2e8 t+at t+e soC
called 4)t)re act)all" alread" e#stsG and t+at a$$arent t'eC$ro&resson s a
s)bDect2e +)'an sensaton1 and not n+erent n t+e )n2erse as t+at e#sts n
an Infnte /nd.
!or s+all 8e n fact fnd t necessar" to nsst )$on an" 2er"
re2ol)tonar" lne of e#$lanaton. T+ere s one analo&" 8+c+ 8ll 'eet +ii,
HLI- 'ost of o)r e2dence (t+o)&+ not all)1 and to 8+c+ 8e ')st
re$eatedl" rec)r as o)r s'$lest &)de. %s s t+e 'e'or" and t+e fores&+t
of a c+ld to t+at of a 'an1 e2en s)c+1 I s)&&est1 s t+e 'e'or" and t+e
fores&+t of t+e 'an5s s)$ral'nal self as co'$ared to t+e retroco&nton
and t+e $reco&nton e#ercsed b" an ntell&ence )nrestraned b" sensor"
l'tsG8+et+er t+at ntell&ence belon& to t+e 'an5s o8n s)bl'nal self1
or to an )ne'boded +)'an s$rt1 or $ossbl" to s$rts +&+er t+an +)'an.
I 'antan t+at n t+s t+ess t+ere s not+n& ncredbleGna"1 t+at t s t+e
necessar" corollar" of belef n t+e e#stence an"8+ere of an" e#tenson of
t+e $o8ers 8+c+ 8e +abt)all" e#ercse.
If t+ere s a transcendental 8orld at all1 t+ere s a transcendental 2e8 of
Past and 4)t)re f)ller and f)rt+erCreac+n& t+an t+e e'$rcalG and n t+at
2e8 8e 'a" o)rsel2es to so'e e#tent $artc$ate1 et+er drectl"1 as ben&
o)rsel2es denNens all alon& of t+e transcendental 8orld1 or ndrectl"1 as
rece2n& nt'atons fro' s$rts fro' 8+o' t+e s+ado8 n 8+c+ o)r o8n
s$rts are +alf lost9 +as 'elted a8a".
T+s I bele2e to be t+e central reflecton to 8+c+ t+e st)d" of
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e of Past and 4)t)re at $resent $onts )sG and I s+all
be 8ell satsfed f t+e e2dence s+o)ld $ers)ade t+e reader t+at n so'e
)ndefned fas+on 8e s+are at 'o'ents n t+s transcendental $)r2e8. %s
to t+e $recse 'anner n 8+c+ 8e s+are t1 t+e dffc)ltes are D)st t+ose
8+c+ 'eet )s 8+en1 n an" ot+er &ro)$ of o)r $+eno'ena1 8e tr" to
dstn&)s+ bet8een t+e act2t" of t+e a)to'atst5s o8n s$rt1 and of ot+er
s$rts1 e'boded or )ne'boded1 and $er+a$s also of a 6orldC(o)l or of
Intell&ences fnte1 b)t abo2e ant+ro$o'or$+c $ersonfcaton.
9*9 . T+e &eneral c+aracterstc of t+ese occ)rrences s to s+o8 )s
fra&'ents of 3no8led&e co'n& to )s n obsc)re and often s"'bolcal
8a"s1 and e#tendn& o2er a 8der tract of t'e t+an an" fac)lt" 3no8n to )s
can be stretc+ed to co2er. On t+e one sde t+ere s retrocognition, or
3no8led&e of t+e $ast1 e#tendn& bac3 be"ond t+e reac+ of o)r ordnar"
'e'or"G on t+e ot+er sde t+ere s precognition, or 3no8led&e of t+e f)t)re1
e#tendn& on8ards be"ond t+e sco$e of o)r ordnar" nference.
In eac+ drecton1 ndeed1 t+ere are certan land'ar3sG t+e re&resson and
t+e $ro&resson al3e see' to de2elo$ &rad)all"1 and to follo8 lnes 8+c+
8e can learn to reco&nse. In t+e drecton of t+e Past 8e be&n 8t+
+"$er'nesaGo)r frst ste$ les n t+e conce$ton t+at 8+at +as once been
$resented to o)r sensor" feld1 alt+o)&+ ne2er &at+ered nto 8+at 8e dee'
o)r consco)s $erce$ton1 'a" ne2ert+eless +a2e been $erce2ed and
retaned b" t+e s)bl'nal self. It s $artl" t+ro)&+ drea' and $artl" b"
a)to'atc artfces t+at t+s fact s realsedG and t+ose sa'e drea's1 t+ose
sa'e artfces of scr$t or 2son1 $resentl" carr" )s a ste$ f)rt+er1 and re2eal
a 3no8led&e 8+c+ ')st +a2e co'e fro' t+e 'e'ores of ot+er l2n&
$ersons1 or (as I +old) of de$arted s$rts. T+en n anot+er drecton a less
drect so)rce of 3no8led&e o$ens o)tG l2n& or&ans's1 o)r o8n or ot+ers51
dsclose (n 8a"s )n3no8n to bolo&") t+e +stor" +ii,HLJ- '$lcate n t+er
str)ct)reG obDects 8+c+ +a2e been n contact 8t+ or&ans's $reser2e t+er
traceG and t so'et'es see's as t+o)&+ e2en nor&anc nat)re co)ld stll be
'ade1 so to sa"1 l)'nescent 8t+ t+e a&eClon& stor" of ts $ast. Or t 'a"
e2en be t+at so'e retroco&nt2e $ct)re s $resented 8+c+ 8e 'a"
dsco2er to be 2eraco)s1 b)t 8t+ 8+c+ 8e can dscern no s$rt)al or
'ateral ln3G as t+o)&+ a $a&e of t+e cos'c record +ad been o$ened to )s
at rando'1 and +ad closed a&an 8t+o)t s&n or cl)e.
9)0 . %nd ne#t let )s loo3 for8ard nto t+e 4)t)reGacross t+at
'$al$able1 al'ost 'a&nar" lne of t+e Present /o'ent1 8+c+ for )s s
t+e &reatest realt" of all. !at)rall" eno)&+1 t+e frst t'eCconf)son 8+c+
8e fnd s a conf)son affectn& t+at $resent 'o'ent tselfG na'el"1 t+at
sensaton of alread" re'e'bern& 8+at s +a$$enn& or s D)st abo)t to
+a$$en to 8+c+ so'e a)t+ors +a2e a$$led t+e too 8de ter' paramnesia,
b)t for 8+c+ promnesia see's a 'ore e#act and dstnct2e na'e.
*
!e#t 8e
+a2e t+e 8de ran&e of suggestive $+eno'ena1 8+ere t+e s)bl'nal self
$ossesses 3no8led&e of t+e f)t)re )ns+ared b" t+e s)$ral'nalG snce t+e
s)bl'nal self +as n fact 8o)nd )$ t+e or&ans' to str3e a &2en note at a
&2en +o)r. (elfCs)&&eston n t)rn 'er&es nto organic prevision/ 8+ere
t+e s)bl'nal self foresees 8+at 8ll +a$$ennot n conseE)ence of an"
deter'nn& effort of ts o8n1 b)t b" 2rt)e of ts dee$er 3no8led&e of t+e
or&ans' and of t+e c+an&es 8+c+ t+at or&ans' ')st b" $+"solo&cal
la8s )nder&o. T+s organic prevision 'a" lead )s farG b)t as t &ro8s 'ore
dstant and co'$le#1 n2ol2n& 'ore and 'ore of a 'an5s f)t)re
environment, as 8ell as of +s f)t)re organic history, t 'er&es nto a for'
of $reco&nton 8+c+ cannot de$end on ns&+t nto 'ateral bodes alone.
6e no8 $roceed1 t+at s to sa"1 alon& a lne 8+c+ s an e#tenson of
ordnar" ntellect)al nference. 4rst co'es +"$erFst+etc nferenceGt+at
enlar&ed s$an of antc$aton 8+c+ ac)ter sensor" '$ressons $er'tG as a
senst2e $atent 8ll be able to $redct +er doctor5s 2st 8+en +s ste$ s
'erel" +eard n t+e street1 alt+o)&+ ot+ers cannot reco&nse t+at ste$ )ntl t
s close to t+e bedroo' door. T+en co'es an obsc)re $ont 8+ere t+s
+"$erFst+esa see's to $ass nto telFst+esaG8+ere sensor" $erce$ton
see's to cease1 and s)$ersensor"1 tele$at+c1 or clar2o"ant $erce$ton to
be&n.
6ell t+en1 8+en 8e +a2e defntel" $assed fro' t+e sensor" to t+e
transcendental 'ode of $erce$ton1 t s $robable t+at o)r $o8er of nference
as to t+e f)t)re 8ll be &reatl" enlar&ed. 6e cannot1 ndeed1 &)ess +o8 far
t+s enlar&e'ent 8ll e#tend. T+ere s not+n& absol)tel" to forbd )s to
re&ard a $reco&ntons as t+e res)lt of t+s 8der o)tloo3 of t+e s)bl'nal
self. ((ee 9)0 A.)
+ii,HLK-
9)1 . !or s+all I atte'$t to dra8 t+e lne at 8+c+ t+s telFst+etc
nference ceases. If I do stll loo3 f)rt+er for ot+er so)rces of $reco&nton1
t+s s $artl" beca)se n so'e cases I t+n3 t+at t+ere s act)al e2dence t+at
t+e $reco&nton co'es fro' a dse'boded ntell&enceG and $artl" also on
t+e 8der &ro)nd t+at I dstr)st all e#$lanatons 8+c+ &2e to 'an1
e'boded or dse'boded1 an" 'ono$ol" of t+e transcendental 8orld. T+e
s'$lct" of o)r nstnct2e ant+ro$o'or$+s' s not t+e s'$lct" of tr)t+G
t s no 'ore so1 8+en 8e are t+)s dealn& 8t+ ntell&ences 8+c+ 'a"
be far abo2e o)r 3en1 t+an 8+en t+e sa2a&e ascrbes to a 'anCl3e de'on
t+e 'o2e'ents and nfl)ences of &ross nan'ate t+n&s.
B)t frst1 as I +a2e sad1 I ascrbe so'e $reco&ntons to t+e reasoned
fores&+t of dse'boded s$rts1 D)st as I ascrbe so'e retroco&ntons to
t+er s)r22n& 'e'or". I +a2e tred to s+o8 &ro)nd for bele2n& t+at so'e
s$rts +a2e a contn)ed 3no8led&e of so'e eart+l" affarsG and f t+e" +a2e
s)c+ 3no8led&e1 and can s+o8 )s t+at t+e" +a2e t1 t+e" 'a" $res)'abl"
re2eal to )s also t+er not nfallble nferences fro' 8+at t+e" 3no8.
T+)s far I +a2e been ndcatn& roads alon& 8+c+ I fanc" t+at bele2ers
n an" 3nd of transcendental fac)lt" 8ll so'e da" be forced to tra2el.
6+at follo8s s a s$ec)laton1 or s)s$con1 8+c+ no record or e#$er'ents
of o)rs can $ro2e1 b)t 8+c+ see's to 'e to loo' be+nd t+e' all. I
s)s$ect1 t+en1 t+at t s not b" 8der $)r2e81 8ser nference alone1 t+at
fnte 'nds1 n t+e bod" or o)t of t1 +a2e attaned to 3no8led&e of 8+at "et
')st be. I 'a&ne t+at t+e Contn)t" of t+e :n2erse s co'$leteG and t+at
t+erefore t+e +erarc+" of ntell&ences bet8een o)r 'nds and t+e 6orldC
(o)l s nfnteG and t+at so'e8+ere n t+at ascent a $ont s reac+ed 8+ere
o)r conce$ton of t'e loses ts acc)sto'ed 'eann&. To Plato5s ($ectator
of all T'e and of all E#stence9 t+ere 'a" be no barrer bet8een T+en and
!o8. T+e dea1 of co)rse1 s fa'lar eno)&+ to $+loso$+cal s$ec)laton.
T+e no2elt" s t+at t+s1 8t+ 'an" ot+er deas 8+c+ +a2e +t+erto floated
&aseo)sl" inter apices phiosophi, l3e +el)' n t+e at'os$+ere of t+e
s)n1 'a" no8 conce2abl" be tested n eart+l" laboratores and )sed as a
8or3n& e#$lanaton for )ndenable facts.
9)( . Ret)rnn& no8 to t+e E)eston of retroco&nton1 let )s consder to
8+at e#tent o)r 3no8led&e of t+e Past 8ll so'et'es o$en tself be"ond
t+e fa'lar bo)nds. 6e 'a" be&n b" nE)rn& n 8+at 8a"s 8e ordnarl"
and nor'all" acE)re o)r 3no8led&e of t+e Past. 6e acE)re s)c+
3no8led&e $artl" fro' drect $ersonal 'e'or"1 and $artl" fro'
retros$ect2e nference based on 8+at 8e see or +ear. 6e '&+t1 ndeed1
defne 'e'or" as an acE)ston of fres+ $otental c+an&es of consco)sness
conco'tant 8t+ c+an&es n o)r or&ans'1 8+c+ '$l" certan $ast e2ents
as t+er ca)se. B)t t+s defnton1 8+c+ so)nds nat)ral eno)&+ 8+en
a$$led to dff)sed or or&anc 'e'ores1 s)c+ as t+e crc3eter5s +ii,HLL-
'e'or" of t+e feel of t+e bat1 8o)ld see' $edantc f a$$led to t+e 'n)te
cerebral c+an&es 8+c+ acco'$an" t+e learnn& of a ne8 fact. In s)c+ a
case 8e &nore n co''on s$eec+ t+e real or&anc c+an&e 8+c+ t+e
learnn& of an" fact '$les n )s1 and 8e 'erel" refer to t+e s$ecalsed
sensor" c+annel t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t+e nfor'aton co'es to )sas +earn&1
readn&1 and so fort+. In a 2a&)e b)t E)te ntell&ble 8a"1 8e t+)s 'ar3 off
or&anc 'e'or" fro' defnte sensor" or ntellect)al 'e'ores.
In o)r nE)r" nto retroco&nton t 8ll be 8ell to 3ee$ ro)&+l" to so'e
d2son of t+s sort1 and to be&n b" nE)rn& nto t+e e#tensons 8+c+
see' to be &2en to organic memory.
6e 3no81 of co)rse1 t+at t+ere s a &reat dfference bet8een o)r
evocabe 'e'or"t+at 8+c+ 8e can s)''on )$ and )se at 8lland t+at
')c+ a'$ler 'e'or" 8+c+ 8e ')st s)$$ose to e#st1 n so'e $otental
for' at least1 '$rnted )$on o)r or&ans'. T+e fant and cr)de
recollectons of sensatons and 'o2e'ents1 8+c+ are all t+at 8e can call
nto ordnar" consco)sness1 8o)ld be far fro' enabln& )s to reco&nse
sensatons1 or to re$eat 'o2e'ents1 as 8e act)all" do reco&nse and re$eat
t+e'. T+e st)d" of +"$notc s)&&eston1 'oreo2er1 +as s+o8n )s +o8 t+ese
$otental or latent 'e'ores 'a" be &ras$ed and )sed. T+e ncreased po#er
o2er t+e or&ans' 8+c+ t+e s)bDect )nder s)&&eston s+o8s necessarl"
'$les an ncreased memory of t+e or&ans'5s $astG t+e +"$erbo)la1 as I
+a2e ter'ed t1 s +"$er'nesa as 8ell. T+at 8der 8llC$o8er1 ndeed1 s
$robabl" no 'ore a8are of t+e e#act 'ec+ans' 8+c+ t e'$lo"s n ts
control of secretons1 &c.1 t+an I a' of t+e e#act 'ec+ans' b" 8+c+ I
rase '" +and to '" +ead. %nd1 s'larl"1 t+e +"$notc 'e'or" s $robabl"
tself 2er" s+allo8 as co'$ared to 8+at a co'$lete s)''aton of all t+e
la$sed 'e'ores of t+e or&ans' '&+t be. B)t alread" 8e fnd t
descendn& dee$l" to &land and bloodC2essel1 '$lcated as t+ese are n
st&'atsaton and s'lar $+eno'ena1 and 8e can dra8 no clear lne belo8
8+c+ all or&anc consco)sness ')st cease1 and 'e'or" ')st beco'e no
'ore t+an a 'eta$+or.
6e cannot dra8 s)c+ a lne1 I sa"1 et+er on t+e bass of s'allness of
'a&nt)de or of re'oteness n t'e. 6e cannot assert t+at or&anc 'e'or"
'a" not n+ere n a sn&le cell or ne)ron1 or e2en n a sn&le l2n&
'olec)le. !et+er can 8e assert t+at or&anc 'e'or" cannot be $rolon&ed
bac38ards before brt+. Brt+1 ndeed1 s b)t an ncdent n eac+ or&ans'5s
+stor"G t+at or&ans' +as an e'br"onc lfe before brt+1and a $reC
e'br"onc lfe n co)ntless lnes of ancestr". %lt+o)&+ 8e no lon&er sa"
8t+ t+e trad)canst9 sc+ool'en t+at %da'5s bod" ncl)ded not onl" +s
o8n so)l b)t t+e so)ls of all +s descendants1 8e stll trace to ancestors
'ore re'ote t+an %da' c+aracterstcs 8+c+ e2en no8 nfl)ence o)r
$s"c+cal lfe.
It s a 'oot $ont +o8 far t+e lfeCe#$erences of eac+ or&ans' 'odf"
b" 8+at 8e re&ard as $)rel" $+"solo&cal trans'sson t+e c+aracterstcs
of ts descendants. T+e r)de s)&&eston (so to ter' t) of t+e a'$)tated +ii,
HLM- l'b1 or ot+er nD)r"1 s co''onl" not acce$ted b" t+e offs$rn&G t+e
e'br"o de2elo$s )naffected b" t+e s+oc3 8+c+ t+e $arent +as )nder&one
$re2o)sl" to t+e act of )non. B)t f t+at s+oc3 fall )$on t+e 'ot+er d)rn&
t+e e'br"o5s lfe1 and f t c+ance(n $ostCnatal s)&&estons also t+ere
see's ')c+ of 8+at 8e ')st needs call chance n t+s)f t c+ance to
reac+ t+e 'ot+er5s s)bl'nal self n effect2e fas+on1 t 'a" t+en transfer
tself to t+e e'br"o1 and '$rnt )$on t+e c+ld t+e or&anc 'e'or" of t+e
'ot+er5s e'oton of ad'raton1 ds&)st1 or fear. !o one do)bts t+s for' of
+eredt" 8+en t s e#+bted on a str3n& scale1as 8t+ c+ldren born
d)rn& t+e alar's of a se&e1 or of t+e Re&n of Terror n 4rance. %nd I
bele2e t+at t+ere s e2dence eno)&+ to s+o8 t+at solated and 'o'entar"
s)&&estonsas t+e s&+t of a cr)s+ed an3le or 'ssn& fn&er'a"
$rod)ce a defnte localsed effect on t+e e'br"o n ')c+ t+e sa'e 8a" as a
+"$notc s)&&eston 'a" $rod)ce a localsed con&eston or secreton.
*
If1 t+en1 8e t+)s fnd '$rnted on t+e c+ld5s or&ans' s)c+ a
cons$c)o)s1 s$ecalsed 'e'or" of $er+a$s an al'ost nstantaneo)s
e'oton of t+e 'ot+er5s1 8e ')st s)rel" s)s$ect t+at +s or&ans' 'a"
contan also so'e nborn 'e'ores less cons$c)o)s and 'ore $)rel"
cerebral t+an s)c+ a &ross $+eno'enon as a 'ar3 on t+e face or a defor'ed
fn&er. %nd b" t+s ne8 ro)te 8e s+all co'e ro)nd a&an to so'et+n& l3e
t+e innate ideas of certan $+loso$+cal s"ste's. !or can 8e absol)tel"
l't s)c+ nfl)ence to t+e act)al $arent or&ans' alone. 4or a)&+t 8e
3no81 t+e &er'C$las'98+atsoe2er 'a" be t+e contn)o)s ln3 of all
&eneratons'a" be ca$able of reactn& to $s"c+cal s)&&estons as
senst2el" as t+e e'br"o. T+e s+a$n& forces 8+c+ +a2e 'ade o)r bodes
and o)r 'nds 8+at t+e" are 'a" al8a"s +a2e been $artl" $s"c+cal forces1
fro' t+e frst l2n& sl'eCs$ec3 to t+e co'$le# ntell&ences of toda".
T+s 2e8 s not nconsstent 8t+ t+e s)&&eston 8+c+ I +a2e 'ade
else8+ere1 t+at t+e +)'an s$rt5s s)$ernor'al $o8ers of tele$at+" and
telFst+esa are s)r22als fro' t+e $o8ers 8+c+ t+at s$rt once e#ercsed n
a transcendental 8orld. It 'a" 8ell be t+at t+e s$rt1 alread" 'odfed b"
cos'c e#$erences datn& bac3 to nfnt"1 'a" nfor' t+e bod" alread"
'odfed b" terrene e#$erences datn& bac3 to t+e frst a$$earance of lfe
on o)r $lanet. Bot+ t+e old trad)canst and t+e old trans'&ratonst 2e8
8o)ld t+)s $ossess a s+are of tr)t+G and t+e act)al 'an 8o)ld be t+e
res)ltant not onl" of nter'n&ln& +eredtes on fat+er5s and 'ot+er5s sde1
b)t of nter'n&ln& +eredtes1 one of $lanetar" and one of cos'c sco$e.
Passn& on fro' +eredtar" or $reCnatal 'e'ores1 t+ro)&+ t+e 2aro)s
ot+er t"$es1e.g. t+e or&anc 'e'or" of '$ressons rece2ed b" eac+ 'an
d)rn& +s o8n $ast lfeG t+e occasonal s)dden re22al of a seres of lfeC
'e'ores bot+ s8fter and f)ller t+an consco)s effort co)ld +a2e s)$$ledG
cases of ec'nesa1 8+ere t+e recent '$ressons are s)$$ressed n fa2o)r
+ii,HLN- of t+e oldG cases 8+ere t+e +"sterc )nder s3lf)l +"$notc treat'ent
can recall and re2eal t+e lon&Cfor&otten ncdent 8+c+ started +er 'alad"G
8e 'a" $lace ne#t cases of clar2o"ant ns&+t nto t+e or&anc condton
of an absent $erson. -ere 8e co'e to a defntel" s)$ernor'al $o8erG and t
s a $o8er 8+c+ cla's to n2ol2e bot+ bac38ard and for8ard 3no8led&e
s)c+ as act)al 'edcal e#a'naton of t+e $atent co)ld not attan. T+ere are
f)rt+er cases n 8+c+ a defnte fact n a 'an5s lfe +as beco'e 3no8n
s)$ernor'all"G or so'et'es a recent e2ent )nconnected 8t+ t+e $erc$ent
s re2ealedG and t+ere are1 of co)rse1 n)'ero)s trance co'')ncatons
8+ere 3no8led&e of t+e $ast s cla'ed to $roceed fro' so'e 'ore or less
defnte dse'boded ntell&ence. ()$ernor'al retroco&nton de$ends1 t
a$$ears1 on t+e $erce$ton b" )s of 3no8led&e contaned n ot+er 'nds1
e'boded or dse'boded1 and $ossbl" on t+e absor$ton b" )s of
3no8led&e afloat1 so to sa"1 n t+e :n2erseG8+c+ 'a" be &ras$ed b" o)r
s$rt5s o)treac+n&1 or 8+c+ 'a" fall on )s l3e de8.
9)3 . Co'n& no8 to $reco&ntons1 8e ')st frst obser2e t+at t+ere are
'an" 8+ere 8+at loo3s l3e 3no8led&e of t+e f)t)re can be anal"sed nto
an enlar&ed 3no8led&e of 8+at act)all" e#sts.
T+ere are1 ndeed1 certan $+eno'ena'ontons9 as 8e 'a" ter'
t+e'8+c+ n co''on $arlance are often s$o3en of as pre'ontons1 and
)sed as a t"$e of 3no8led&e of t+e f)t)re1 8+ere t s ne2ert+eless $lan t+at
all t+at s needed s a so'e8+at e#tended $erce$ton of near facts.
T+ese 'ontonsof 8+c+ se2eral nstances 8ere &2en n )1)K)(,1
ran&e fro' ncdents so tr2al and 'o'entar" t+at t 8o)ld see' abs)rd to
ascrbe t+e' to an"t+n& 'ore d&nfed t+an a barel" s)bl'nal strat)' of
t+e $erc$ent5s o8n consco)sness1 )$ to '$ortant 8arnn&s 8+c+ cla'
t+e a)t+ort" of so'e de$arted b)t stll 8atc+f)l frend.
%t t+e lo8er end of t+s seres co'e t+e obsc)re nt'atons 8+c+
restran )s fro' acton on &ro)nds 8+c+ $er+a$s are onl" D)st for&otten and
stll b" effort reco2erable. T+e c+ess $la"er1 ret)rnn& after 2aro)s trans of
calc)laton to t+e te'$taton of a s$eco)s 'o2e1 8ll d'l" feel a sense of
restrantGI ')st not do that, t+o)&+ I cannot recollect #hy.9 (o'et'es
t+s s)bl'nal 8arnn& $resents tself as a physica +estatonGt+e +and
ref)sn& to e#ec)te an order 8+c+ s reall" )nreasonableGand 8+c+ s
felt to be s)c+ so soon as so'e tr2al recent fact s re'e'bered. ((ee )1)
A.)
One ste$ f)rt+er1 and 8e +a2e an act)al e#ternalsed +all)cnaton of
to)c+ c+ec3n& t+e nconsderate acton. ((ee )1) B.)
!e#t 8e co'e to 'ontons based )$on a fact a$$arentl" not for&otten
'erel"1 b)t ne2er 3no8nG a fact l"n& de'onstrabl" be"ond t+e nor'al
sensor" co&nsance of t+e $erc$ent.
% fact be"ond +s nor'al sensor" co&nsance1 I sa"G b)t ob2o)sl"
before 8e ass)'e t+at +e +as $erce2ed t+at fact n a transcendental or
telFst+etc fas+on1 8e ')st 'a3e t+e f)llest allo8ance for +"$erFst+esa1
+ii,HLO- for an e#tenson of t+e bodl" senses 8+c+ 'a" ncl)de t+s
stran&e 3no8led&e 8t+n ts ran&e. !a"1 'oreG o)r searc+ for $ossble
+"$erFst+esa s bo)nd to be ')c+ 8der t+an an" searc+ 8+c+ t+e
$+"solo&st s l3el" t+)s far to +a2e fo)nd 8ort+ +s $ans. -s nterest +as
lan n defnte 'eas)rable e#tensons of t+e +&+er senses1 rat+er t+an n
obsc)re and no2el sensatons 8+c+ led to no clear end. It s for t+ese last1
on t+e ot+er +and1 t+at t s o)r s$ecal d)t" to searc+. 6e +a2e obsc)re and
no2el facts to e#$lan1 and before 8e confdentl" ass&n t+e' to $s"c+cal
and transcendental ca)ses1 8e ')st tr" and t+n3 of e2er"t+n& 8+c+ t+e
+)'an bod" '&+t conce2abl" dscern or dsco2er.
I sa" t+e bod"9 rat+er t+an t+e senses9 for 8e ')st &o bac3 n o)r
nE)r" (t+o)&+ of co)rse 8t+o)t e#$ectaton of ''edate s)ccess) to an
ancestral condton far anteror to an" senses 8+c+ 8e no8 3no8. 6e ')st
&o bac3 to t+e frst &er' of lfe1 and n $lace of 'erel" credtn& t 8t+
rrtablt"19 8+c+ s all t+e $o8er of reacton 8+c+ t can act)all" s+o8
)s1 8e ')st credt t 8t+ all t+e $otentaltes 8+c+ t+e +stor" of ts
descendants teac+es )s to nfer as alread" latent n t. 6e 3no8 nto +o8
8de a &a')t of feeln& t+e &er'5s 2a&)e nternal sensaton1 ts 2a&)e
e#ternal sensaton1 +a2e dff)sed and s$ecalsed t+e'sel2es n 'an. 6e
d'l" conDect)re nto 8+at ot+er ra"s t+e s$ectr)' of t+at d' $r'al &lea'
of consco)sness +as been fanned o)t n an'als ot+er t+an 'an. %nd 8e
'a" feel ass)red also1 as I +a2e alread" $onted o)t1 t+at all t+e 3no8n or
&)essed sensatons of 'en and an'als are b)t a s'all selecton fro' t+e
ran&e of sensatons $otentall" ed)cble fro' t+e 2a&)e pansthesia,so to
ter' t1of t+e $r'al &er'. %2era&e e#$erence 8t+n a2era&e l'ts
t+at s all t+at o)r 3no8n senses co2er. If t+e st')l)s be too 8ea31 8e are
lable to 'sta3e t+e sense t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t co'es to )sG f t be too stron&1
8e are lable to feel a 'ere dstress or be8lder'ent1 not referred to an"
defnte sense. It s s)rel" conce2able1 t+en1 t+at all o)r 3no8n sensbltes
'a" for' 'erel" a 3nd of b)ll5s e"eGt+e $lace 8+ere o)ter and nner
nfl)ences oftenest to)c+ o)r central sensor)'G8+le ro)nd t+s b)ll5sC
e"e all 3nds of )nclassfed obsc)re sensatons $robabl" scatter.
It follo8s t+at 8+en 8e +a2e to e#$lan 2er" stran&e $erce$tons 8e
')st be on t+e loo3Co)t1 not onl" for t+e +"$erFst+esa of 3no8n senses1
b)t also for t+at 'ore &eneralsed for' of +"$erFst+esa 8+c+ 'a" n2ol2e
senses ($er$+eral or central) as "et nc$ent and )nreco&nsed1 alt+o)&+
stll de$endn& on t+e 'ateral 8orld1a 8der selecton fro' t+e $otental
$anFst+esa of t+e $r'al &er'. T+ere 'a"t+ere ')stbe e2ol)ton stll
&on& on n )s n relaton to o)r 'ateral as 8ell as to o)r transcendental
en2ron'ent1 and 8e ')st not cla' $+eno'ena for t+e latter 8t+o)t
ta3n& acco)nt of t+e for'er as 8ell.
Once 'ore1 8e ')st re'e'ber t+at t+e ass)'ed ne8 senst2tes1
$+"scal and transcendental1 'a" be ln3ed to&et+er n 8a"s E)te )n3no8n
+ii,HMP- to )s. T+e s"nFst+esF1 8+c+ +a2e onl" of late "ears been noted
bet8een t+e ordnar" sensesof 8+c+ colo)red a)dton19 or so)ndC
seen&1 s t+e acce$ted t"$e'a" be carred "et f)rt+er1 and 'a" connect n
)nloo3edCfor 8a"s 'an5s res$onses to +s $+"scal and to +s transcendental
en2ron'ents. T+ere 8ll be not+n& to s)r$rse )s f t+e sa'e $erc$ent
s+o)ld rece2e a n)'ber of s)bl'nal nt'atons1 of 8+c+ so'e are to be
referred to +"$erFst+esa and so'e to telFst+esa1 or to tele$at+" fro' t+e
l2n& or fro' t+e dead.
I +a2e sad t+at +"$erFst+esa 'a" be $er$+eral or centralGt+at s to
sa"1 t+at t 'a" consst n t+e +e&+tened $erce$ton of sensatons co'n&
fro' o)tsde o)r or&ans'1 or fro' 8t+n t+e bran. I +a2e alread" &2en
()(0K)(3) so'e cases of a$$arent telFst+esa1 or of a$$arent $re2son1
8+c+ 'a" $ossbl"1 t+o)&+ b" no 'eans certanl"1 be referable to an
e#tenson of t+e e#ternal senses.
4ro' t+ese cases of $ossble +"$erFst+esa of t+e e#ternal senses 8e
'a" 'a3e o)r transton to central +"$erFst+esa1 a +e&+tenn& of nner
sensatons to a $ont 8+ere t+e f)t)re +stor" of t+e or&ansaton can be
&)essed or d2ned 8t+ )n)s)al dstnctness. T+s s 2rt)all" b)t anot+er
as$ect of t+e 3no8led&e of nt'ate $rocesses 8+c+ selfCs)&&eston +as so
often s+o8n. If t+e s)bl'nal self can nd)ce or arrest c+an&es n t+e
or&ans'1 t 'a" 8ell be able also to foresee s)c+ c+an&es 8+en t+e" are
a$$roac+n& t+ro)&+ nat)ral ca)ses. In 8+ate2er drecton 8e +a2e seen
s)&&eston o$erate1 n t+at drecton 'a" 8e e#$ect to see or&anc $redcton
o$erate also. T+)s1 for nstance1 s)&&eston +as $rod)ced fantn&1 and also
bleedn& at t+e nose1 and 8e +a2e cases of $recsel" s'lar $redctons (see
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;;@G and 2ol. #. $. <.B)1 or e2en $redctons
of deat+ (see +(, A).
9)+ . T+s see's to s+o8 t+at a 'an5s s)bl'nal self 'a" so'et'es
$erce2e +s o8n a$$roac+n& deat+1 and 'a" trans't t+s 3no8led&e to t+e
e'$rcal self1 so'et'es b" ad of a +all)cnaton. !o8 8e 3no8 t+at t+e
s)bl'nal self 'a" so'et'es co'')ncate to ot+er $ersons 3no8led&e
8+c+ t cannot or does not co'')ncate to ts o8n e'$rcal self. T+s s
fa'lar eno)&+ n +"$notc e#$er'ents1 or n s$ontaneo)s a)to'atc
scr$t1 8+c+ scr$t 'a" be (for nstance) 8rtten n a $oston t)rned a8a"
fro' t+e a)to'atst1 and 'a" re'an )n3no8n to +'1 alt+o)&+ ts content
')st +a2e co'e fro'1 or $assed t+ro)&+1 +s o8n dee$er ben&. 6e 3no8
also t+at an a&ent +as so'et'es s)cceeded n trans'ttn& a $+antas'al
'a&e of +'self to a $erc$ent at a dstance1 8t+o)t 3no8n& 8+et+er +e
+as1 n fact1 been s)ccessf)l or no.
It s nat)ral1 t+erefore1 to as3 8+et+er t+ere s an"t+n& to s+o8 t+at t+e
s)bl'nal self e2er re2eals t+e a$$roac+ of deat+1 not to ts o8n e'$rcal
self1 b)t to ot+er $ersonsGs+o8n&1 $er+a$s1 b" a $+antas'al 'a&e1 t+e
so)rce fro' 8+c+ t+e nfor'aton co'es.
To t+s E)eston 8e +a2e so'e &ro)nd for ret)rnn& an affr'at2e
ans8er1 for '" readers 8ll re'e'ber t+at t+ere are 2aro)s cases 8+ere +ii,
HMG- t+e $+anto' of a $erson destned soon to de +as been seen b" a
$erc$ent at a dstanceG nor does t see' t+at s)c+ an a$$arton de$ends
)$on t+e decedent5s o8n s)$ral'nal effort. On t+e contrar"1 t often
a$$ears 8+le +e s aslee$ or n a co'atose condton (see1 e.g., cases n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. <<>K<?<).
6+le t+ere are t+)s 'an" $reco&ntons 8+c+ are n 2aro)s 8a"s
e#$lcable 8t+o)t $ost)latn& an" drect 3no8led&e of t+e f)t)re1 snce
t+e" 'a" be d)e onl" to so'e 3nd of nference fro' a 3no8led&e of
e#stn& facts 8der t+an o)r o8n1 t s $ossble t+at ot+er cases 'a" be d)e
to nference of so'e s)$ernor'al 3nd1so'e $erce$ton of t+e f)t)re
'ore drect t+an an" 8+c+ o)r ordnar" 'nds enDo". ()c+ are so'e of t+e
drea'C$redctons E)oted n t+e %$$endces to secton +(, (see 2ol. . $$.
<>.K<*;). It s conce2able t+at $redctons of t+ese and ot+er t"$es 'a" be
co'')ncated b" dse'boded s$rts1 to 8+o' 'a" also be attrb)ted t+e
cases t+at s)&&est an )nseen &)dance or $rotecton (see )(+ and t+e cases
&2en at t+e end of ''3 A).
9), . 4nall"1 8e ')st ad't t+e $ossblt" of a 3no8led&e 8+c+
co'es to a 'an fro' no nd2d)ated1 or at least fro' no +)'an so)rceG
8+c+ s no lon&er nference b)t t+e reflecton of Realt" tselfG of t+e
6orldC(o)l as t+e 4)t)reG of a $reCe#stent Cos'ora'a of nfnte fates.
B)t before t)rnn& to t+s last lne of reflecton1 I ')st sa" a fe8 8ords
as to t+e relaton of o)r e2dence to t+e $roble' of 4ree 6ll. -ere I +a2e a
s)&&eston to 'a3e 8+c+ e2en n t+s t'eC8orn contro2ers" s1 I t+n31
absol)tel" no2el. It s t+at 8e +a2e no8 a $ossblt" of 'a3n& t+e E)eston
bet8een lbert" and deter'naton a 'atter of act)al e#$er'ent.
Let )s $)t t+at old E)eston n t+s s$ecfc for'J Is t+ere e2dence t+at
an" $o8er can s+o8 'e a $ct)re n2ol2n& '" o8n (soCcalled) 2ol)ntar"
actons n t+e f)t)re1 8+c+ $ct)re I cannot b" an" effort n t+e s'allest
de&ree +nder fro' beco'n& act)al factW9
4or 'ere ordnar" $re2son t+s 8o)ld of co)rse be '$ossble. B)t 8e
+a2e +ere certan fores+ado8n&s 8+c+ de$end on no ordnar" $re2son1
and 8+c+ are 'ore 8+oll" o)tsde o)rsel2es t+an an" nfor'aton of
eE)all" defnte c+aracter 8+c+ 8e can ot+er8se rece2e. T+e scenes or
state'ents t+)s &2en n co'$lete detal see' so'et'es to be f)lflled 8t+
eE)al co'$leteness. B)t must t+e"1 or ')st an" of t+e'1 ne2tabl" be t+)s
f)lflledW -ere t s t+at a $ossblt" of e#$er'ent co'es n. T+e
e#$er'ent ndeed cannot be concl)s2e et+er 8a". B)t s)$$ose t+atas n
so'e fol3lore stor"8e 8ere to 'a3e 2&oro)s effort to a2ert so'e
ncdent1 and 8ere "et to fnd t+at ncdent f)lfl tself1 $er+a$s b" dnt of
t+at 2er" effort1 e#actl" after t+e dreaded fas+on1s+o)ld 8e not t+en +a2e
so'e reason to nfer t+at eart+Clfe 8as not reall" 'odfable b" an"t+n&
8+c+ 8e feel as freeC8llW
%ss)'n& s)c+ a res)lt of o)r e#$er'ent1 analo&" 8o)ld at once
s)&&est a f)rt+er $ossblt". 4or o)r lfe on eart+ 8o)ld t+en be seen to +ii,
HMH- rese'ble t+e e#$erence of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect1 f)lflln&
)n8ttn&l" n 8a3n& +o)rs t+e s)&&estons $re2o)sl" 'ade to +' n t+e
trance. 6e s+o)ld as3 8+et+er n o)r o8n +stor" so'e e$oc+ 'a" +a2e
e#sted n 8+c+ a selfCs)&&eston 'a" +a2e been &2en 8+c+ co)ld
s'larl" do'nate o)r eart+l" career. O)r co'$le# or&ans'1 t+e res)lt of a
lon& $re2o)s +stor"1 s felt to restrct o)r soCcalled 2ol)ntar" acton 8t+n
narro8 l'tsG and f 8e $ossess also a so)l nde$endent of t+e bod"1 t s
s)rel" l3el" t+at t+e so)l5s $re2o)s +stor" alsofor some $re2o)s +stor"
an" entt" so +&+l" s$ecalsed as a 'an5s so)l ')st +a2e +ad'a"
e#ercse a deter'nn& nfl)ence1 e2en 'ore $rofo)nd t+an t+e or&ans'5s
nfl)ence1 )$on t+e t+o)&+ts and actons of t+s ncarnaton. T+ere 'a"1 n
s+ort1 be a 3nd of alternatn& $ersonalt"1 e#$ressn& tself frst n an
ncor$oreal and t+en n a cor$oreal state1 n s)c+ a 8a" t+at t+e ncor$oreal
state s t+e dee$er and t+e 'ore $er'anent1 and t+at s)&&estons t+ence
der2ed nfl)ence cor$oreal lfe1 alt+o)&+ t+e e'$rcal consco)sness
8+c+ &o2erns t+at lfe 'a" ne2er 3no8 t.
T+s dea1 of co)rse1 s not ne8 to rel&on or to $+loso$+"1 n East or
6est1 and t +as lon& snce been s)&&ested t+at o)r eart+l" e#stence 'a" be
t+e ne2table seE)el of o)r $ast eternt"G a $redestned $l&r'a&e on 8+c+
o)r tr)e so)l loo3s 8t+ cal' content1 snce not one of eart+5s $+anto'
sorro8s can fnd +er )n8lln& or str3e +er )na8are. T+e so)l foreta)&+t1
t+e bod" fore8ro)&+t1t+ese 8ll 'o2e on8ards as t+e" ')st and 'a"G b)t
'ean8+le t+e $roble' of Lbert" and !ecesst" 8ll no lon&er be one for
eart+l" e#$erence to dsc)ssG t 8ll be lfted nto a $reCnatal re&on1 a'on&
t+e secrets of t+e transcendental 8orld.
%ll t+s ')st be conce2ed as $ossbleG "et I do not t+n3 t+at o)r
e2dence t+)s far collected does n fact 'a3e for t+s 2e8 of $reC
deter'ned eart+l" fates. Rat+er 8e +a2e seen t+at n 'an" cases 'ontons
+a2e averted ncdents 8+c+ 8o)ld do)btless +a2e occ)rred +ad t+e
$erc$ent rece2ed no 8arnn&. %nd 8+ere dan&ers +a2e been fores+o8n
and "et not a2erted1 t+s see's often to +a2e been beca)se no adeE)ate
effort 8as 'ade to a2ert t+e'. T+e $roble' 8+c+ o)r narrat2es 'ore
)r&entl" s)&&est s +o8 to reconcle so ')c+ fore3no8led&e 8t+ so ')c+
freedo'. I +a2e s)&&ested else8+ere t+at t+s $roble' of free +)'an 8lls
a'd t+e $redctable o$eratons of )nc+an&n& la8 'a" rese'ble t+e
$roble' of 'olec)lar 'oton a'd 'olar cal'. Clear and stable s for )s t+e
da'ondG t+e de8dro$ s clear and stllG "et 8t+n t+er tranE)l clart" a
'"rad 'olec)les Dostle n narro8 orbts1 or s$eed on an )nco'$)ted 8a".
(o to t+e s$ectator of all T'e and of all E#stence9 'a" t+e Cos'os be
as one entre and $erfect c+r"solte9 and "et 'an5s $ett" +o$es and
$assons 'a" 'a3e endless t)r'ol a'on& ts 'n)test ele'ents and n ts
nfntes'al &rans. T+ose 'o2e'ents1 too1 ')st be r)led b" )n3no8n la8G
"et on a 8de 2e8 t+e" 8ll a2era&e o)t1 and 8ll ad't of $redctons
f)lflled '')tabl"1 and o2errdn& t+e s'all 6lls of 'en.
+ii,HMI-
9)' . Once 'ore1 and fro' a dfferent stand$ont. 4e8 'en +a2e
$ondered lon& on t+ese $roble's of Past and 4)t)re 8t+o)t 8ondern&
8+et+er Past or 4)t)re be n 2er" tr)t+ 'ore t+an a na'e8+et+er 8e 'a"
not be a$$re+endn& as a strea' of seE)ence t+at 8+c+ s an ocean of coC
e#stence1 and slcn& o)r s)bDect2e "ears and cent)res fro' t'eless and
absol)te t+n&s. T+e $reco&ntons dealt 8t+ +ere1 ndeed1 +ardl" o2er$ass
t+e lfe of t+e nd2d)al $erc$ent. Let )s 3ee$ to t+at s'all s$an1 and let )s
'a&ne t+at a 8+ole eart+Clfe s n realt" an absol)tel" nstantaneo)s
alt+o)&+ an nfntel" co'$le# $+eno'enon. Let )s s)$$ose t+at '"
transcendental self dscerns 8t+ eE)al drectness and ''edac" e2er"
ele'ent of t+s $+eno'enonG b)t t+at '" e'$rcal self rece2es eac+
ele'ent 'edatel" and t+ro)&+ 'eda n2ol2n& dfferent rates of
retardatonG D)st as I rece2e t+e l&+tnn& 'ore E)c3l" t+an t+e t+)nder.
/a" not t+en se2ent" "ears nter2ene bet8een '" $erce$tons of brt+ and
deat+ as easl" as se2en seconds bet8een '" $erce$tons of t+e flas+ and
$ealW %nd 'a" not so'e nterCco'')ncaton of consco)sness enable t+e
8der self to call to t+e narro8er1 t+e 'ore central to t+e 'ore e#ternal1 %t
s)c+ an +o)r t+s s+oc3 8ll reac+ "o)Z Lsten for t+e nearn& roarZ9
%nd t+n3n& t+)s of t+e :n2erse as no 'ere con&eres of nd2d)al
e#$erences1 b)t as a $len)' of nfnte 3no8led&e of 8+c+ all so)ls for'
$art1 8e co'e to co)nt less and less )$on +a2n& to deal e#cl)s2el" 8t+
ntell&ences nd2d)alsed l3e o)r o8n. O)r l'tatons of $ersonalt" 'a"
less and less a$$l" to s$rts dra8n& 'ore drectl" )$on t+e essental realt"
of t+n&s. T+e defnte ntell&ences 8+c+ +a2e cr"stallsed1 so to sa"1 o)t
of t+e $s"c+cal 2a$o)r 'a" e2en for )s beco'e a&an $artl" s)bl'ated1
'a" a&an be dff)sed for a 'o'ent a'd s)c+ 3no8led&e as o)r
or&ansatons cannot rece2e e#ce$t n ecstas" and be8lder'ent1 or retan
e#ce$t n 2ans+n& s"'bol and obsc)re and eart+l" s&n.
If t+en all t+ese $+eno'ena for' $art of one &reat effort b" 8+c+ 'an5s
so)l s str2n& to 3no8 +s s$rt)al en2ron'ent1 and +s s$rt)al
en2ron'ent s str2n& to beco'e 3no8n1 +o8 lttle can t 'atter 8+at t+e
s$ecal ncdent foretold or fores+ado8ed 'a" beZ 6+at s&nfes t 8+et+er
t+s or t+at eart+l" $erl be a2erted1 or eart+l" beneft sec)red18+et+er
t+ro)&+ t+s or t+at $ett" c+annel s+all flo8 so'e strea' of 'ortal t+n&sW
T+e $r'e need of 'an s to 3no8 'ore f)ll"1 t+at +e 'a" obe" 'ore
)n+estatn&l"1 t+e la8s of t+e 8orld )nseen. %nd +o8 can t+s &reat end be
attaned sa2e b" t+e )nfold'ent fro' 8t+n1 n 8+atsoe2er fas+on t 'a"
be $ossble1 of 'an5s transcendental fac)lt"Gb" +s reco&nton of +'self
as a cos'c ben& and not a $lanetar"1 as not a bod" b)t a so)lW ()rel" e2en
t+at s$ecal $re'onton 8+c+ s so'et'es s$o3en of as a t+n& of terror1
t+e 8arnn& or t+e $ro'se of eart+l" deat+1s+o)ld to t+e 8se 'an
so)nd as a frendl" s)''ons1 and as a 8elco'e +o'e. Let +' re'e'ber
t+e Vson 8+c+ ca'e to (ocrates n t+e $rsonC+o)seGt+en1 and t+en
onl"1 s+o8n& n an an&el5s s'lt)de +ii,HMJ- t+e Pro2dence 8+c+ tll t+at
+o)r +ad been b)t as an '$ersonal and n2sble VoceGb)t no8 t+e far
and 8+teCrobed 8o'an19 8+le frends offered esca$e fro' deat+1 +ad
alread" s$o3en of better +o$e t+an t+s1 and +ad &2en to %c+lles5 8ords a
'ore sacred 'eann&1On t+e t+rd da" +ence t+o) co'est to P+t+a5s
fertle s+ore.9
y y y y y y y
9)* . 6e +a2e reac+ed at last a $oston 2er" re'ote fro' t+at fro'
8+c+ 8e started. Yet t 8ll not be eas" to sa" e#actl" at 8+at $ont 8e
co)ld +a2e $a)sed n o)r &rad)al seE)ence of e2dence. In t+e frst $lace1 t
no8 see's clear t+at a sero)s nE)r"1 8+ene2er )nderta3en1 8as destned
to afford a'$le $roof of t+e nadeE)ac" of t+e c)rrent 'ateral s"nt+essG to
de'onstrate t+e e#stence of fac)ltes and o$eratons 8+c+ '$l" a s$rt)al
en2ron'ent1 acted )$on b" a s$rt n 'an. tele$at+" and telFst+esa1 as 8e
no8 see1 nds$)tabl" '$l" t+s enlar&ed conce$ton of t+e )n2erse as
ntell&ble b" 'anG and so soon as 'an s steadl" conce2ed as d8elln& n
t+s 8der ran&e of $o8ers1 +s s)r22al of deat+ beco'es an al'ost
ne2table corollar". 6t+ t+s s)r22al +s feld of 2e8 broadens a&an. If
8e once ad't dscarnate s$rts as actors n +)'an affars1 8e ')st e#$ect
t+e' to act n so'e 8a"s 8t+ &reater sco$e and freedo' t+an s $ossble to
t+e ncarnate s$rts 8+c+ 8e alread" 3no8.
6e cannot s'$l" ad't t+e e#stence of dscarnate s$rts as nert or
s)bsdar" $+eno'enaG 8e ')st e#$ect to +a2e to deal 8t+ t+e' as a&ents
on t+er o8n acco)nta&ents n )ne#$ected 8a"s1 and 8t+ no2el
ca$actes. If t+e" are concerned 8t+ )s at all1 t+e $art 8+c+ t+e" 8ll $la"
s not l3el" to be a s)bordnate one.
6e are standn& t+en1 on t+s 2e81 at a crss of enor'o)s '$ortance
n t+e +stor" of lfe on eart+. T+e s$rt)al 8orld s D)st be&nnn& to act
s"ste'atcall" )$on t+e 'ateral 8orld. %cton of t+e s$rt)al 8orld )$on
o)r o8n t+ere ')st al8a"s +a2e beenG acton bot+ $rofo)nd1 )n2ersal1 and
so to sa" a)to'atc1 and 2er" $robabl" also rre&)lar acton 8t+ s$ecfc
'oral $)r$ort1 s)c+ as +as been ass)'ed to acco'$an" t+e rse of rel&ons.
B)t a c+an&e see's to be '$endn&1 and t+e 3nd of acton 8+c+ no8
see's l3el" to be trans'tted fro' t+e one 8orld to t+e ot+er s of a t"$e
8+c+ n t+e nat)ral co)rse of +storc e2ol)ton +as scarcel" been l3el" to
s+o8 tself )ntl no8. 4or t de$ends1 as I conce2e1 on t+e attan'ent of a
certan scentfc le2el b" s$rts ncarnate and e#carnate al3e.
% fe8 8ords 8ll s)ffce to s)' )$ broadl" t+e &eneral st)aton as t at
$resent see's to 'e to stand. T+e d8ellers on t+s eart+1 t+e'sel2es s$rts1
are an obDect of lo2e and care to s$rts +&+er t+an t+e". T+e 'ost '$ortant
boon t+at can $ossbl" be besto8ed on t+e' s 3no8led&e as to t+er
$oston n t+e )n2erse1 t+e ass)rance t+at t+er e#stence s a cos'c and
not 'erel" a $lanetar"1 a s$rt)al and not +ii,HMK- 'erel" a cor$oreal1
$+eno'enon. I conce2e t+at t+s 3no8led&e +as n effect been a$$re+ended
fro' t'e to t'e b" e'boded s$rts of +&+ n8ard $erce$t2e $o8er1 and
+as also been co'')ncated b" +&+er s$rts1 et+er affectn& nd2d)al
'nds or e2en (as s bele2ed es$ecall" of 7es)s C+rst) 2ol)ntarl"
ncarnatn& t+e'sel2es on eart+ for t+e $)r$ose of teac+n& 8+at t+e" co)ld
recollect of t+at s$rt)al 8orld fro' 8+c+ t+e" ca'e. In t+ose a&es t
8o)ld +a2e been )seless to atte'$t a scentfc bass for s)c+ teac+n&.
6+at co)ld best be done 8as to enforce so'e fe8 &reat tr)t+sas t+e so)l5s
lon& )$8ard $ro&ress1 or t+e 4at+er+ood of Godn s)c+ re2elatons as
East and 6est co)ld )nderstand. Grad)all" (cence arose1 )ntn& t+e
belefs of all $eo$les n one sc+e'e of or&ansed tr)t+1 and s)&&estn&as
+as been sadt+at rel&on ')st be t+e s$rt5s s)bDect2e reacton to all t+e
tr)t+s 8e 3no8.
B)t 8+en once t+s $ont 8as reac+ed t ')st +a2e beco'e $lan to 8se
s$rts t+at t+e co'')ncatons fro' t+er 8orld 8+c+ +t+erto +ad +ad
so'e8+at t+e c+aracter of ns$ratons of &en)s o)&+t no8 to be based
)$on so'et+n& of or&ansed and defnte obser2aton1so'et+n& 8+c+
8o)ld 8or3 n 8t+ t+e &reat str)ct)re of Tr)t+ 8+c+ or&ansed obser2aton
+as alread" establs+ed. -ere1 t+en1 ne8 dffc)ltes ')st +a2e arsen1 D)st as
t+e" arse on eart+ 8+en 8e endea2o)r to red)ce to r)les $ractcable for t+e
'an" t+e res)lts ac+e2ed b" t+e e#traordnar" &fts of t+e fe8. !o8 t s
t+at 8e are forced on bot+ sdes of t+e &)lf to reco&nse +o8 rare and
s$ecfc s t+at ca$act" for nterco'')ncaton on 8+c+ o)r 'essa&es
')st de$end. !o8 t s t+at 8e feel t+e dffc)lt" of ben& defnte 8t+o)t
ben& tr2alG +o8 lttle of eart+l" 'e'or" $ersstsG +o8 lttle of +ea2enl"
e#$erence can be e#$ressed n ter's of eart+G +o8 lon& and ard)o)s ')st
be t+e 8a"1 +o8 'an" ')st be t+e e#$er'ents1 and +o8 'an" t+e fal)res1
before an" s"ste'atsed bod" of ne8 tr)t+ can be establs+ed. B)t a so)nd
be&nnn& +as been 'ade1 and 8+ate2er 'a" be $ossble +ereafter need not
be 8asted on a fres+ startG t 'a" be added to a &ro8n& str)ct)re of e#traC
terrene 2ertes s)c+ as o)r race +as ne2er 3no8n tll no8.
It s not 8e 8+o are n realt" t+e dsco2erers +ere. T+e e#$er'ents
8+c+ are ben& 'ade are not t+e 8or3 of eart+l" s3ll. %ll t+at 8e can
contrb)te to t+e ne8 res)lt s an attt)de of $atence1 attenton1 careG an
+onest readness to rece2e and 8e&+ 8+ate2er 'a" be &2en nto o)r
3ee$n& b" ntell&ences be"ond o)r o8n. E#$er'ents1 I sa"1 t+ere are1
$robabl" e#$er'ents of a co'$le#t" and dffc)lt" 8+c+ s)r$ass o)r
'a&natonG b)t t+e" are 'ade fro' t+e ot+er sde of t+e &)lf1 b" t+e efforts
of s$rts 8+o dscern $at+8a"s and $ossbltes 8+c+ for )s are
'$enetrabl" dar3. 6e s+o)ld not be &on& be"ond t+e tr)t+ f 8e descrbed
o)r senst2es as 'erel" t+e nstr)'ents1 o)r researc+ers as 'erel" t+e
re&strars1 of a 'o2e'ent 8+c+ 8e net+er ntated nor can n an" de&ree
co'$re+end.
+ii,HML-
9)) . T+e tr)e dsco2erers1 +o8e2er1 s+o8 no 8s+ to be t+)s s+ar$l"
dstn&)s+ed fro' o)rsel2es. T+er a' s a collaboraton 8t+ )s as close
as 'a" be $ossble. (o'e of t+e' 8ere on eart+ o)r o8n fa'lar frendsG
8e +a2e s$o3en 8t+ t+e' n old da"s of t+s &reat enter$rseG t+e" +a2e
$ro'sed t+at t+e" 8o)ld call to )s1 f t 8ere $ossble1 8t+ t+e 'essa&e of
t+er )nd"n& lo2e. It 'a" be t+at t+e 'ost )sef)l t+n& t+at so'e of )s +a2e
done on eart+ +as been to nterest n t+s nE)r" so'e s$rt 'ore $otent
t+an +'self1 8+o +as $assed nto t+at 8orld of )n&)essed ad2ent)re1 not
for&etf)l of +s frend.
T+e 2er" fantness and nco+erence of s)c+ a s$rt5s 'essa&e1 besdes
ben& a 3nd of ndcaton t+at 8e are dealn& 8t+ t+e '$erfectons of
act)al realt" rat+er t+an 8t+ t+e s'oot+l" fns+ed $rod)cts of 'ere
'a&naton1 does also n tself constt)te a stron& a$$eal to o)r &ratt)de
and re2erence. !ot easl" and carelessl" do t+ese s$rts co'e to )s1 b)t
after stren)o)s $re$araton1 and 8t+ dffc)lt f)lfl'ent of desre. (o ca'e
Tenn"son5s Perse$+oneJ
4ant as a cl'ateCc+an&n& brd t+at fles
%ll n&+t across t+e dar3ness1 and at da8n
4alls on t+e t+res+old of +er nat2e land1
%nd can no 'ore.Y9
T+e" co'')ne 8t+ )s1 l3e Perse$+one1 8lln& and ea&er1 b)t daNed
and d)'b 8t+ $assn& t+ro)&+ at once fro' state to state.9 T+e" cannot
satsf" t+e'sel2es 8t+ t+er tra''elled )tteranceG t+e" co'$lan of t+e
stran&e bran1 t+e alen 2oce. 6+at t+e" are don&1 ndeed1 t+e" desire to do
t+s s t+er 8lln& contrb)ton to t+at )n2ersal sc+e'e b" 8+c+ t+e
+&+er +el$s t+e lo8er1 and t+e stron&er t+e 8ea3er1 t+ro)&+ all t+e deal
relatons+$s of t+e 8orld of Lfe. B)t 8e on o)r $art o)&+t to re'e'ber
t+at t+ere 'a" be a d&nt" n t+s 2er" conf)son1a $roof of $ersstent
stron& affecton n t+e 2er" +estances and be8lder'ents of so'e 8ellC
lo2ed so)l.
%fter t+e te'$est a stll s'all 2oce.9 One 'a" +a2e lstened $er+a$s1
to t+e ec+on& $o'$ of so'e zc)'encal Co)ncl1 t+)ndern& ts
da'natons Wrbi et <rbi fro' an Infallble C+arG and "et one 'a" fnd a
'ore C+rstl3e sanctt" n t+e fra&'entar" 8+s$er of one tr)e so)l1
descendn& $anf)ll" fro' )n'a&nable br&+tness to brn& stren&t+ and
+o$e to 3ndred so)ls stll $rsoned n t+e fles+.
Cicit iter durum pietas. B)t +ere t+e effort +as been1 so to sa"1 on t+e
$art of %nc+ses1 not of cneasG t+e $et" of +ea2en to8ards eart+ rat+er
t+an of eart+ to8ards +ea2en. It s so'e enfranc+sed so)lso'e so)l1 l3e
Geor&e Elot5s1 flled to t+e br' 8t+ lo2n& $t" for str)&&ln& l2es on t+e
dar3 &lobe98+c+ +as $enetrated t+e 8orldCold secret1 and +as $loted t+e
nna2&able 8a".
Be"ond )s stll s '"ster"G b)t t s '"ster" lt and 'ello8ed 8t+ an
nfnte +o$e. 6e rde n dar3ness at t+e +a2en5s 'o)t+G b)t so'et'es +ii,
HMM- t+ro)&+ rfted clo)ds 8e see t+e desres and needs of 'an" &eneratons
floatn& and 'eltn& )$8ards nto a dstant &lo81 )$ t+ro)&+ t+e l&+t of
t+e seas b" t+e 'oon5s lon&Csl2ern& ra".9
T+e +&+ $ossbltes t+at le before )s1 s+o)ld be &ras$ed once for all1
n order t+at t+e d&nt" of t+e E)est 'a" +el$ to carr" t+e nE)rer t+ro)&+
'an" dsa$$ont'ents1 dece$tons1 dela"s. B)t +e ')st re'e'ber t+at t+s
nE)r" ')st be e#tended o2er 'an" &eneratonsG nor ')st +e allo8 +'self
to be $ers)aded t+at t+ere are b"8a"s to 'aster". I 8ll not sa" t+at t+ere
cannot $ossbl" be an" s)c+ t+n& as occ)lt 8sdo'1 or do'non o2er t+e
secrets of nat)re ascetcall" or 'a&call" acE)red. B)t I 8ll sa" t+at e2er"
cla' of t+s 3nd 8+c+ '" collea&)es or I +a2e been able to e#a'ne +as
$ro2ed deser2n& of co'$lete 'str)stG and t+at 8e +a2e no confdence +ere
an" 'ore t+an else8+ere n an" 'et+ods e#ce$t t+e o$en1 candd1
stra&+tfor8ard 'et+ods 8+c+ t+e s$rt of 'odern scence de'ands.
%ll o'ens $ont to8ards t+e stead" contn)ance of D)st s)c+ labo)r as
+as alread" ta)&+t )s all 8e 3no8. Per+a$s1 ndeed1 n t+s co'$le# of
nter$enetratn& s$rts o)r o8n effort s no nd2d)al1 no transtor" t+n&.
T+at 8+c+ les at t+e root of eac+ of )s les at t+e root of t+e Cos'os too.
O)r str)&&le s t+e str)&&le of t+e :n2erse tselfG and t+e 2er" God+ead
fnds f)lfl'ent t+ro)&+ o)r )$8ardCstr2n& so)ls.
+ii,HMN-
CHAPTER X
EPILOGUE
t i uq A Aq
q, Au l cu, A
, ! 26, Ji q
4iq imA .-HAm Kim
LTransation M.
1000 . T+e tas3 8+c+ I $ro$osed to '"self at t+e be&nnn& of t+s 8or3
s no81 after a fas+on1 acco'$ls+ed. 4ollo8n& t+e s)ccess2e ste$s of '"
$ro&ra''e1 I +a2e $resented1not ndeed all t+e e2dence 8+c+ I $ossess1
and 8+c+ I 8o)ld 8lln&l" $resent1b)t eno)&+ at least to ll)strate a
contn)o)s e#$oston1 and as ')c+ as can be co'$ressed nto t8o 2ol)'es1
8t+ an" +o$e t+at t+ese 2ol)'es 8ll be read at all. I +a2e ndcated also
t+e $rnc$al nferences 8+c+ t+at e2dence ''edatel" s)&&ests. ()c+
8der &eneralsatons as I 'a" no8 add ')st needs be dan&ero)sl"
s$ec)lat2eG t+e" ')st r)n t+e rs3 of alenatn& stll f)rt+er fro' t+s
researc+ 'an" of t+e scentfc 'nds 8+c+ I a' 'ost an#o)s to nfl)ence.
T+s rs31 ne2ert+eless1 I feel bo)nd to face. 4or t8o reasons1or1 I
s+o)ld $er+a$s sa"1 for one 'an reason seen )nder t8o as$ects1I cannot
lea2e t+s obsc)re and )nfa'lar 'ass of obser2aton and e#$er'ent
8t+o)t so'e 8ords of 8der &eneralsaton1 so'e e$lo&)e 8+c+ 'a"
$lace t+ese ne8 dsco2eres n clearer relaton to t+e e#stn& sc+e'es of
c2lsed t+o)&+t and belef.
In t+e frst $lace1 I feel t+at so'e s)c+ atte'$t at s"nt+ess s needf)l for
t+e $ractcal $)r$ose of enlstn& +el$ n o)r lon& nE)r". %s +as been
+nted 'ore t+an once1 t+e real dra& )$on ts $ro&ress +as been not
o$$oston b)t ndfference. Or f ndfference be too stron& a 8ord1 at an"
rate t+e nterest e2o3ed +as not been s)c+ as to ns$re to stead"
nde$endent 8or3 an"t+n& l3e t+e n)'ber of coadD)tors 8+o 8o)ld +a2e
res$onded to a ne8 de$art)re n one of t+e scences 8+c+ all 'en +a2e
learnt to res$ect. T+e nE)r" falls bet8een t+e t8o stools of rel&on and
scenceG t cannot cla' s)$$ort et+er fro' t+e rel&o)s 8orld9 or fro'
t+e Ro"al (ocet". Yet e2en a$art fro' t+e nstnct of $)re scentfc
c)rost" (8+c+ s)rel" +as seldo' seen s)c+ a feld o$enn& before t)1 t+e
'&+t" ss)es de$endn& on t+ese $+eno'ena o)&+t1 I t+n31 to constt)te n
t+e'sel2es a stron&1 an e#ce$tonal a$$eal. I desre n t+s boo3 to
e'$+asse t+at a$$ealGnot onl" to $rod)ce +ii,HMO- con2cton1 b)t also to
attract coo$eraton. %nd act)al con2erse 8t+ 'an" $ersons +as led 'e to
bele2e t+at n order to attract s)c+ +el$1 e2en fro' scentfc 'en1 so'e
&eneral 2e8 of t+e 'oral )$s+ot of all t+e $+eno'ena s neededG
s$ec)lat2e and )ncertan t+o)&+ s)c+ a &eneral 2e8 ')st be.
1001 . %&an1and +ere t+e $ractcal reason alread" &2en e#$ands nto
a 8der sco$e1t 8o)ld be )nfar to t+e e2dence tself 8ere I to close t+s
8or3 8t+o)t to)c+n& 'ore drectl" t+an +t+erto on so'e of t+e dee$est
fat+s of 'en. T+e nfl)ence of t+e e2dence set fort+ n t+s boo3 s+o)ld not
be l'ted to t+e concl)sons1 +o8e2er 8e&+t"1 8+c+ t+at e2dence 'a" be
t+o)&+t to establs+. Rat+er t+ese dsco2eres s+o)ld $ro'$t1 as not+n& else
co)ld +a2e $ro'$ted1 to8ards t+e )lt'ate ac+e2e'ent of t+at $ro&ra''e
of scentfc do'nance 8+c+ t+e (nstauratio 2agna $rocla'ed for
'an3nd. Bacon foresa8 t+e &rad)al 2ctor" of obser2aton and e#$er'ent
t+e tr)'$+ of act)al anal"sed factn e2er" de$art'ent of +)'an st)d"G
n e2er" de$art'ent sa2e one. T+e real' of ,2ne t+n&s9 +e left to
%)t+ort" and 4at+. I +ere )r&e t+at t+at &reat e#e'$ton need be no lon&er
'ade. I cla' t+at t+ere no8 e#sts an nc$ent 'et+od of &ettn& at t+s
,2ne 3no8led&e also1 8t+ t+e sa'e certant"1 t+e sa'e cal' ass)rance1
8t+ 8+c+ 8e 'a3e o)r stead" $ro&ress n t+e 3no8led&e of terrene t+n&s.
T+e a)t+ort" of creeds and C+)rc+es 8ll t+)s be re$laced b" t+e a)t+ort"
of obser2aton and e#$er'ent. T+e '$)lse of fat+ 8ll resol2e tself nto a
reasoned and resol)te 'a&naton1 bent )$on rasn& e2en +&+er t+an no8
t+e +&+est deals of 'an.
/ost readers of t+e $recedn& $a&es 8ll +a2e been $re$ared for t+e
$ont of 2e8 t+)s fran3l" a2o8ed. Yet to fe8 readers can t+at $ont of 2e8
at frst $resent tself ot+er8se t+an as alen and re$ellent. P+loso$+" and
ort+odo#" 8ll al3e resent t as $res)'$t)o)sG nor 8ll scence readl"
acce$t t+e )na)t+orsed transfer to +erself of re&ons of 8+c+ s+e +as lon&
been 8ont et+er to den" t+e e#stence1 or at an" rate to dscla' t+e r)le.
!e2ert+eless1 I t+n3 t+at t 8ll a$$ear on reflecton t+at so'e s)c+ c+an&e
of stand$ont as t+s 8as )r&entl" needed1na"1 8as )lt'atel" ne2table.
100( . I need not +ere descrbe at len&t+ t+e dee$ dsE)et of o)r t'e.
!e2er1 $er+a$s1 dd 'an5s s$rt)al satsfacton bear a s'aller $ro$orton to
+s needs. T+e oldC8orld s)stenance1 +o8e2er earnestl" ad'nstered1 s too
)ns)bstantal for t+e 'odern cra2n&s. %nd t+)s t+ro)&+ o)r c2lsed
socetes t8o conflctn& c)rrents r)n. On t+e one +and +ealt+1 ntell&ence1
'oralt"1all s)c+ boons as t+e stead" $ro&ress of $lanetar" e2ol)ton can
8n for 'an1are ben& ac+e2ed n ncreasn& 'eas)re. On t+e ot+er +and
t+s 2er" sant"1 t+s 2er" $ros$ert"1 do b)t brn& o)t n stron&er relef t+e
)nderl"n& Det,Schmer3, t+e declne of an" real belef n t+e d&nt"1 t+e
'eann&1 t+e endlessness of lfe.
+ii,HNP-
T+ere are 'an"1 of co)rse1 8+o readl" acce$t t+s l'taton of 2e8G
8+o are 8lln& to let eart+l" act2tes and $leas)res &rad)all" dss$ate and
obsc)re t+e lar&er +o$e. B)t ot+ers cannot t+)s be easl" satsfed. T+e"
rat+er rese'ble c+ldren 8+o are &ro8n& too old for t+er &a'esG 8+ose
a')se'ent sn3s nto an ndfference and dscontent for 8+c+ t+e fttn&
re'ed" s an ntaton nto t+e sero)s 8or3 of 'en.
% s'lar crss +as $assed o2er E)ro$e once before. T+ere ca'e a t'e
8+en t+e Do"f)l nad2etU1 t+e )nE)estonn& '$)lse of t+e earl" 8orld +ad
$assed a8a"G 8+en t+e 8ors+$ of Gree3s no 'ore 8as bea)t"1 nor t+e
rel&on of Ro'ans Ro'e. %le#andran decadence1 B"Nantne des$ar1
fo)nd )tterance n 'an" an e$&ra' 8+c+ '&+t +a2e been 8rtten toda".
T+en ca'e a &reat )$r)s+ or nc)rson fro' t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 and 8t+
ne8 races and ne8 deals E)ro$e re&aned ts "o)t+.
T+e )nE)e effect of t+at &reat C+rstan '$)lse be&ns1 $er+a$s1 to
8ear a8a". B)t 'ore &race 'a" "et be attanable fro' t+e re&on 8+ence
t+at &race ca'e. O)r a&e5s restlessness1 as I bele2e1 s t+e restlessness not of
senlt" b)t of adolescenceG t rese'bles t+e a$$roac+ of $)bert" rat+er t+an
t+e a$$roac+ of deat+.
1003 . 6+at t+e a&e needs s not an abandon'ent of effort1 b)t an
ncreaseG t+e t'e s r$e for a st)d" of )nseen t+n&s as stren)o)s and
sncere as t+at 8+c+ (cence +as 'ade fa'lar for t+e $roble's of eart+.
4or no8 t+e scentfc nstnct1so ne8l" de2elo$ed n 'an3nd1see's
l3el" to s$read )ntl t beco'es as do'nant as 8as n t'e $ast t+e
rel&o)sG and f t+ere be e2en t+e narro8est c+n3 t+ro)&+ 8+c+ 'an can
loo3 fort+ fro' +s $lanetar" ca&e1 o)r descendants 8ll not lea2e t+at c+n3
ne&lected or )n8dened. T+e sc+e'e of 3no8led&e 8+c+ can co''end
tself to s)c+ see3ers ')st be a sc+e'e 8+c+1 8+le t transcends o)r
$resent 3no8led&e1 steadl" continues tGa sc+e'e not catastro$+c1 b)t
e2ol)tonar"G not $ro')l&ated and closed n a 'o'ent1 b)t &rad)all"
)nfoldn& tself to $ro&ress2e nE)r".
/)st t+ere not also be a contn)o)s c+an&e1 an )nendn& ad2ance n t+e
+)'an deal tselfW so t+at 4at+ ')st s+ft +er stand$ont fro' t+e bref
Past to t+e endless 4)t)re1 not so ')c+ carn& to s)$$l" t+e lac)nF of
tradton as to ntensf" t+e con2cton t+at t+ere s stll a +&+er lfe to 8or3
for1 a +olness 8+c+ 'a" be so'e da" reac+ed b" &race and effort as "et
)n3no8n.
It 'a" be t+at for so'e &eneratons to co'e t+e tr)est fat+ 8ll le n
t+e $atent atte'$t to )nra2el fro' conf)sed $+eno'ena so'e trace of t+e
s)$ernal 8orldGto fnd t+)s at last t+e s)bstance of t+n&s +o$ed for1 t+e
e2dence of t+n&s not seen.9 I confess1 ndeed1 t+at I +a2e often felt as
t+o)&+ t+s $resent a&e 8ere e2en )nd)l" fa2o)redGas t+o)&+ no f)t)re
re2elaton and cal' co)ld eE)al t+e Do" of t+s &reat str)&&le fro' do)bt
nto certant"Gfro' t+e 'aterals' or a&nostcs' 8+c+ acco'$an" t+e
frst ad2ance of (cence nto t+e dee$er scentfc con2cton t+at t+ere s a
deat+less so)l n 'an. I can 'a&ne no ot+er +ii,HNG- crss of s)c+ dee$
del&+t. B)t after all t+s s b)t l3e t+e star2n& c+ld5s nablt" to 'a&ne
an"t+n& s8eeter t+an +s frst bte at t+e cr)st. G2e +' b)t that, and +e
can +ardl" care for t+e 'o'ent 8+et+er +e s fated to be Pr'e /nster or
$lo)&+bo".
EE)all" transtor"1 eE)all" de$endent on o)r s$ecal $lace n t+e stor" of
'an5s )$8ard effort1 s anot+er s+ade of feeln& 8+c+ 'an" 'en +a2e
3no8n. T+e" +a2e felt t+at )ncertant" &a2e sco$e to fat+ and co)ra&e n a
8a" 8+c+ scentfc ass)rance co)ld ne2er do. T+ere +as been a stern
del&+t n t+e c+oce of 2rt)e1e2en t+o)&+ 2rt)e '&+t brn& no re8ard.
T+s Do"1 l3e t+e Do" of Col)'b)s saln& 8est8ard fro' -erro1 can +ardl"
rec)r n $recsel" t+e sa'e for'. B)t net+er (to descend to a +)'bler
co'$arson) can 8e &ro8n 'en a&an &2e o)rsel2es )$ to learnn& n t+e
sa'e s$rt of $)re fat+1 8t+o)t $ref&)re'ent of res)lt1 as 8+en 8e learnt
t+e al$+abet at o)r 'ot+er5s 3nees. -a2e 8e t+erefore rela#ed snce t+en o)r
ntellect)al effortW -a2e 8e felt t+at t+ere 8as no lon&er need to str)&&le
a&anst dleness 8+en once 8e 3ne8 t+at 3no8led&e bro)&+t a s)re re8ardW
Endless are t+e 2aretes of loft" Do". In t+e a&e of T+ales1 Greece 3ne8
t+e del&+t of t+e frst d' noton of cos'c )nt" and la8. In t+e a&e of
C+rst1 E)ro$e felt t+e frst +&+ a)t+entc 'essa&e fro' a 8orld be"ond o)r
o8n. In o)r o8n a&e 8e reac+ t+e $erce$ton t+at s)c+ 'essa&es 'a"
beco'e contn)o)s and $ro&ress2eGt+at bet8een seen and )nseen t+ere s
a c+annel and far8a" 8+c+ f)t)re &eneratons 'a" learn to 8den and to
clarf". O)r o8n a&e 'a" see' t+e best to )sG so 8ll t+er '&+ter a&es
see' to t+e'.
HTala saeclaI s)s d#er)nt Hc)rrteI f)ss
Concordes stabl 4ator)' n)'ne Parcae.9
LTransation M
Spiritua evoutionVt+at1 t+en1 s o)r destn"1 n t+s and ot+er 8orldsG
an e2ol)ton &rad)al 8t+ 'an" &radatons1 and rsn& to no ass&nable
close. %nd t+e $asson for Lfe s no selfs+ 8ea3ness1 t s a factor n t+e
)n2ersal ener&". It s+o)ld 3ee$ ts stren&t+ )nbro3en e2en 8+en o)r
8earness lon&s to fold t+e +ands n endless sl)'berG t s+o)ld o)tlast and
ann+late t+e $an&s t+at conE)er tr)st.9 If to t+e Gree3s t see'ed a
Aia deserton of one5s $ost n battleto E)t b" s)cde t+e lfe
of eart+1 +o8 ')c+ 'ore cra2en 8ere t+e desre to desert t+e Cos'os1t+e
des$ar1 not of t+s $lanet onl"1 b)t of t+e ()' of T+n&sZ
!a"1 n t+e nfnte :n2erse 'an 'a" no8 feel1 for t+e frst t'e1 at
+o'e. T+e 8orst fear s o2erG t+e tr)e sec)rt" s 8on. T+e 8orst fear 8as
t+e fear of s$rt)al e#tncton or s$rt)al solt)deG t+e tr)e sec)rt" s n t+e
tele$at+c la8.
100+ . Let 'e dra8 o)t '" 'eann& at so'e8+at &reater len&t+. %s 8e
+a2e d8elt s)ccess2el" on 2aro)s as$ects of tele$at+"1 8e +a2e &rad)all"
felt t+e conce$ton enlar&e and dee$en )nder o)r st)d". It +ii,HNH- be&an as
a E)asC'ec+ancal transference of deas and 'a&es fro' one to anot+er
bran. Presentl" 8e fo)nd t ass)'n& a 'ore 2ared and $otent for'1 as
t+o)&+ t 8ere t+e 2ertable n&r)ence or n2ason of a dstant 'nd. %&an1
ts acton 8as traced across a &)lf &reater t+an an" s$ace of eart+ or ocean1
and t brd&ed t+e nter2al bet8een s$rts ncarnate and dscarnate1 bet8een
t+e 2sble and t+e n2sble 8orld. T+ere see'ed no l't to t+e dstance of
ts o$eraton1 or to t+e nt'ac" of ts a$$eal.
q m .
T+s Lo2e1 t+en1 8+c+ (as (o$+ocles +as t) r)les beasts and 'en and
&ods9 8t+ eE)al s8a"1 s no 'atter of carnal '$)lse or of e'otonal
ca$rce. Rat+er t s no8 $ossble to defne Lo2e (as 8e +a2e alread"
defned Gen)s) n ter's 8+c+ con2e" for )s so'e ne8 'eann& n
connecton 8t+ $+eno'ena descrbed n t+s 8or3. Gen)s1 as +as been
alread" sad1 s a 3nd of e#alted b)t )nde2elo$ed clar2o"ance. T+e
s)bl'nal )$r)s+ 8+c+ ns$res t+e $oet or t+e ')scan1 $resents to +' a
dee$1 b)t 2a&)e $erce$ton of t+at 8orld )nseen1 t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t+e seer or
t+e senst2e $roDects a narro8er b)t an e#acter &aNe. (o'e8+at s'larl"1
Lo2e s a 3nd of e#alted1 b)t )ns$ecalsed tele$at+"Gt+e s'$lest and
'ost )n2ersal e#$resson of t+at ')t)al &ra2taton or 3ns+$ of s$rts
8+c+ s t+e fo)ndaton of t+e tele$at+c la8.
T+s s t+e ans8er to t+e ancent fearG t+e fear lest 'an5s fello8s+$s be
t+e o)t8ard and +s solt)de t+e n8ard t+n&G t+e fear lest all close ln3n&
8t+ o)r fello8s be t+e 'ere $rod)ct of t+e str)&&le for e#stence1of t+e
trbal need of stren&t+ and co+esonGt+e fear t+at f lo2e and 2rt)e t+)s
arose1 lo2e and 2rt)e 'a" t+)s l3e8se $ers+. It s an ans8er to t+e dread
t+at se$arate centres of consco)s lfe ')st be al8a"s stran&ers1 and often
foesG t+er lea&)es and fello8s+$s nterested and ll)sor"G t+er lo2e t+e
tr)ce of a 'o'ent a'd nfnte ne2table 8ar.
()c+ fears1 I sa"1 2ans+ 8+en 8e learn t+at t s t+e so)l n 'an 8+c+
ln3s +' 8t+ ot+er so)lsG t+e bod" 8+c+ dsse2ers e2en 8+le t see's to
)nteG so t+at no 'an l2et+ to +'self nor det+ to +'self19 b)t n a sense
8+c+ &oes dee$er t+an 'eta$+or1 6e are e2er" one 'e'bers one of
anot+er.9 L3e ato's1 l3e s)ns1 l3e &ala#es1 o)r s$rts are s"ste's of
forces 8+c+ 2brate contn)all" to eac+ ot+er5s attract2e $o8er.
%ll t+s as "et s d'l" ad)'bratedG t s a frst +nt of a sc+e'e of
t+o)&+t 8+c+ t 'a" 8ell ta3e cent)res to de2elo$. B)t can 8e s)$$ose
t+at1 8+en once t+s conce$ton of t+e bond bet8een all so)ls +as ta3en
root1 'en 8ll t)rn bac3 fro' t to t+e old e#cl)s2eness1 t+e old
contro2ers"W 6ll t+e" not see t+at t+s 8orldC8denn& 3no8led&e s bot+
old and ne81 t+at die :eister#et ist nicht verschossenW t+at al8a"s +a2e
s)c+ re2elatons been &2en1 b)t de2elo$ no8 nto a '&+ter 'eann&1
8t+ t+e &ro8t+ of 8sdo' n t+ose 8+o send t+e'1 and n )s 8+o rece2eW
()rel" 8e +a2e +ere a conce$ton1 at once 8der and e#acter t+an e2er
+ii,HNI- before1 of t+at rel&o)s ed)caton of t+e 8orld9 on 8+c+
t+eolo&ans +a2e been fan to d8ell. 6e need ass)'e no s)$ernat)ral
nterference19 no $lan of rede'$ton.9 6e need s)$$ose onl" t+at t+e sa'e
$rocess 8+c+ 8e obser2e toda" +as been o$eratn& for a&es bet8een t+s
8orld and t+e ne#t.
100, . Let )s s)$$ose t+at 8+lst ncarnate 'en +a2e rsen fro'
sa2a&er" nto ntell&ence1 dscarnate 'en +a2e 'ade on t+er $art a l3e
ad2ance. Let )s s)$$ose t+at t+e" +a2e beco'e 'ore ea&er and 'ore able to
)se1 for co'')ncaton 8t+ eart+1 t+e standn& la8s of relaton bet8een t+e
s$rt)al and t+e 'ateral :n2erse.
%t frst1 on s)c+ a +"$ot+ess1 certan a)to'atc $+eno'ena 8ll occ)r1
b)t 8ll not be $)r$osel" 'odfed b" s$rt $o8er. %lread" and al8a"s
t+ere ')st +a2e been $onts of contact 8+ere )nseen t+n&s '$n&ed )$on
t+e seen. %l8a"s t+ere 8o)ld be clar2o"ant 8andern&s19 8+ere t+e s$rt
of shaman or of 'edcneC'an dscerned t+n&s dstant )$on eart+ b" t+e
s$rt5s e#c)rs2e $o8er. %l8a"s t+ere 8o)ld be a$$artons at deat+1
consco)s or )nconsco)s effects of t+e s+oc3 8+c+ se$arated so)l fro'
bod"G and al8a"s +a)ntn&s198+ere t+e s$rt1 alread" dscarnate1
re2sted1 as n a drea' $erce$tble b" ot+ers1 t+e scenes 8+c+ once +e
3ne8.
4ro' t+s &ro)nd8or3 of $+eno'ena de2elo$ed (to ta3e c2lsed
E)ro$e alone) t+e orac)lar rel&on frst1 t+e C+rstan later. T+e &olden &fts
of CrQs)s to ,el$+ attested t+e clar2o"ance of t+e P"t+a as stron&l"1
$er+a$s1 as can be e#$ected of an" tradton 8+c+ co'es to )s fro' t+e
'ornn& of +stor".
%nd f)rt+er'ore1 do 8e not better )nderstand at once t+e )nE)eness
and t+e realt" of t+e C+rstan re2elaton tself1 8+en 8e re&ard t as a
c)l'naton rat+er t+an an e#ce$ton1as destned not to destro" t+e cos'c
la81 b)t to f)lfl tW T+en frst n +)'an +stor" ca'e fro' t+e )nseen a
'essa&e s)c+ as t+e 8+ole +eart desredGa 'essa&e adeE)ate n ts
res$onse to f)nda'ental e'otonal needs not n t+at a&e onl"1 b)t n all a&es
t+at s+o)ld follo8. (nteectuay adeE)ate for all co'n& a&es t+at
re2elaton co)ld not beG&2en t+e la8s of 'nd1 ncarnate al3e and
dscarnate1t+e e2ol)ton1 on et+er sde of t+e &)lf of deat+1 of 3no8led&e
and $o8er.
!o one at t+e date of t+at re2elaton s)s$ected t+at )nfor't"1 t+at
contn)t" of t+e :n2erse 8+c+ lon& e#$erence +as no8 'ade for )s
al'ost a#o'atc. !o one foresa8 t+e da" 8+en t+e de'and for 'racle
8o)ld be 'er&ed n t+e de'and for +&+er la8.
T+s ne8er scentfc te'$er s not confned1 as I bele2e1 to t+e denNens
of t+s eart+ alone. T+e s$rt)al 8orld 'eets t1 as I t+n3 o)r e2dence +as
s+o8n1 8t+ ea&er and stren)o)s res$onse. B)t t+at res$onse s 'ade1 and
')st be 'ade1 alon& t+e lnes of o)r nor'al e2ol)ton. It ')st rest )$on t+e
ed)caton1 t+e dsentan&le'ent1 of that 8t+n )s 'ortals 8+c+ e#sts n t+e
In2sble1 a $arta3er of t+e )nd"n& 8orld. %nd on o)r sde and on t+ers
al3e1 t+e $rocess ')st be stead" +ii,HNJ- and contn)o)s. 6e +a2e no
lon&er to deal 8t+ so'e solated seres of e2ents n t+e $ast1nter$retable
t+s 8a" or t+at1 b)t n no 8a" rene8able1b)t rat+er 8t+ a 8orldC8de
and act)al condton of t+n&s1 reco&nsable e2er" "ear n &reater clearness1
and c+an&n& n drectons 8+c+ 8e can better and better foresee. T+s ne8
as$ect of t+n&s needs so'et+n& of ne8 &eneralsaton1 of ne8 forecast1t
$onts to a $ro2sonal s"nt+ess of rel&o)s belef 8+c+ 'a" ftl" concl)de
t+e $resent 8or3.
PROVISIONAL SKETCH OF A RELIGIOUS SYNTHESIS
A l6 iA
l l iu Au1
l .PI!,%R.
LTransation M
100' . I see &ro)nd for +o$n& t+at 8e are 8t+n s&+t of a rel&o)s
s"nt+ess1 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ as "et $ro2sonal and r)d'entar"1 'a" n t+e
end 'eet 'ore adeE)atel" t+an an" $re2o)s s"nt+ess t+e reasonable needs
of 'en. ()c+ a s"nt+ess cannot1 I t+n31 be reac+ed b" a 'ere
$redo'nance of an" one e#stn& creed1 nor b" an" eclectc or s"ncretc
$rocess. Its $rereE)ste s t+e act)al acE)ston of ne8 3no8led&e1 8+et+er
b" dsco2er" or b" re2elaton3no8led&e dscerned fro' 8t+o)t t+e 2el
or fro' 8t+n"et so realsed t+at t+e 'an for's of rel&o)s t+o)&+t1 b"
+ar'ono)s e#$anson and de2elo$'ent1 s+all fnd $lace se2erall" as
ele'ents n a 'ore co'$re+ens2e 8+ole. %nd eno)&+ of s)c+ 3no8led&e
+as1 I t+n31 been no8 attaned to 'a3e t desrable to s)b't to '" readers
t+e rel&o)s res)lts 8+c+ see' l3el" to follo8.
100* . 6t+ s)c+ a $)r$ose1 o)r conce$ton of rel&on s+o)ld be bot+
$rofo)nd and co'$re+ens2e. I 8ll )se +ere t+e defnton alread" ado$ted
of rel&on as t+e sane and nor'al res$onse of t+e +)'an s$rt to all t+at 8e
3no8 of cos'c la8G t+at s1 to t+e 3no8n $+eno'ena of t+e )n2erse1
re&arded as an ntell&ble 8+ole. 4or on t+e one +and I cannot confne t+e
ter' to an" sn&le defnte 2e8 or tradton of t+n&s )nseen. On t+e ot+er
+and1 I a' not content to defne rel&on as 'oralt" tn&ed 8t+ e'oton19
lest 'oralt" per se s+o)ld see' to +an& n ar1 so t+at 8e s+o)ld be 'erel"
&ldn& t+e tortose 8+c+ s)$$orts t+e eart+. Yet '" defnton needs so'e
f)rt+er &)ardn& f t s to corres$ond 8t+ o)r +abt)al )se of lan&)a&e.
/ost 'en5s s)bDect2e res$onse to t+er en2ron'ent falls belo8 t+e le2el of
tr)e rel&o)s t+o)&+t. It s scattered nto cra2n&s1 or e'bttered b"
resent'ent1 or dstorted b" s)$erstto)s fear. B)t of s)c+ 'en I do not
s$ea3G rat+er of 'en n 8+o' t+e &reat $a&eant +as ns$red at least so'e
2a&)e o)tCreac+n& to8ard t+e (o)rce of %llG 'en for 8+o' 3no8led&e +as
r$ened nto 'edtaton1 and +as $ro'$ted +&+ desre. I 8o)ld +a2e
(cence frst s)bl'ed nto P+loso$+"1 and t+en 3ndled b" Rel&on nto a
b)rnn& fla'e. 4or1 fro' '" $ont of 2e81 'an cannot be too rel&o)s. I
+ii,HNK- desre t+at t+e en2ronn&1 t+e nter$enetratn& )n2erse1ts
ener&"1 ts lfe1 ts lo2e1s+o)ld ll)'e n )s1 n o)r lo8 de&ree1 t+at 8+c+
8e ascrbe to t+e 6orldC(o)l1 sa"n&1 God s Lo2e19 God s L&+t.9 T+e
6orldC(o)l5s nfnte ener&" of o'nscent bene2olence s+o)ld beco'e n
)s an ent+)sas' of adorn& coo$eraton1an ea&er obedence to
8+atsoe2er 8t+ o)r best $ans 8e can dscern as t+e D)stl" r)ln& $rnc$le
q8t+o)t )s and 8t+n.
100) . Yet f 8e for' so +&+ an deal of rel&on1rasn& t so far
abo2e an" blnd obedence or selfCsee3n& fear t+at ts s)b'sson s 8+oll"
8lln&1 and ts de'and s for s$rt)al res$onse alone18e are bo)nd to as3
o)rsel2es 8+et+er t s r&+t and reasonable to be rel&o)s1 to re&ard 8t+
t+s f)ll de2oton a )n2erse a$$arentl" '$erfect and rres$ons2e1 and a
R)ln& Prnc$le 8+c+ so 'an" 'en +a2e do)bted or &nored.
T+e $ess'st +olds t+e 2e8 t+at sentent e#stence +as been a
de$lorable bl)nder n t+e sc+e'e of t+n&s. T+e e&otst at least acts )$on t+e
2e8 t+at t+e )n2erse +as no 'oral co+erence1 and t+at eac+ for +'self9
s t+e onl" nds$)table la8. I a' san&)ne eno)&+ to t+n3 t+at t+e ans8er
to t+e $ess'st and t+e e&otst +as b" o)r ne8 3no8led&e been 'ade
co'$lete. T+ere re'ans1 ndeed1 a dffc)lt" of s)btler t"$e1 b)t nstnct2e
n &enero)s so)ls. T+e 8orld19 s)c+ an one 'a" sa"1 s a '#ed $lace1 and
I a' $lanl" bo)nd to do '" best to '$ro2e t. B)t a' I bo)nd to feelcan
an" brbe of $ersonal +a$$ness D)stf" 'e n feeln&reigious enthusiasm
for a )n2erse n 8+c+ e2en one ben& 'a" +a2e been s)''oned nto a
sentenc" destned to nesca$able $anW9
T+e ans8er to t+s et+cal scr)$le ')st be a 'atter lar&el" of fat+. If
ndeed 8e 3ne8 t+at t+s eart+l" lfe 8as all1 or (far 8orse) t+at t 8as
follo8ed for an" one so)l b" endless $an1 8e co)ld not 8t+o)t so'e 'oral
D)&&ler" ascrbe $erfecton of bot+ $o8er and &oodness to a $ersonal or
'$ersonal 4rst Ca)se of s)c+ a doo'. B)t f 8e bele2e t+at endless lfe
e#sts for all1 8t+ nfnte $ossbltes of +)'an redress and of d2ne
D)stfcaton1 t+en t see's r&+t to ass)'e t+at t+e )n2erse s et+er alread"
(n so'e nscr)table fas+on) 8+oll" &ood1 or s at least n co)rse of
beco'n& soG snce t 'a" be beco'n& so n $art t+ro)&+ t+e 2er" ardo)r of
o)r o8n fat+ and +o$e.
I do b)t 'enton t+ese ntal dffc)ltesG I s+all not d8ell on t+e' +ere.
I s$ea3 to 'en 8+o +a2e deter'ned1 8+et+er at t+e bddn& of nstnct or of
reason1 t+at t s 8ell to be rel&o)sG 8ell to a$$roac+ n selfCde2oted
re2erence an nfnte Po8er and Lo2e. O)r desre s s'$l" to fnd t+e least
)n8ort+" 8a" of t+n3n& of 'atters 8+c+ ne2tabl" transcend and baffle
o)r fnte t+o)&+t.
1009 . %nd +ere1 for t+e broad $)r$ose of o)r $resent s)r2e"1 8e 'a"
d2de t+e best rel&o)s e'oton of t+e 8orld n tr$le fas+onG tracn& t+ree
'an strea's of t+o)&+t1strea's 8+c+ on t+e 8+ole r)n $arallel1 +ii,
HNL- and 8+c+ all rse1 as I bele2e1 fro' so'e so)rce n t+e realt" of
t+n&s.
4rst1 t+en1 I $lace t+at obsc)re consens)s of nde$endent t+n3ers n
'an" a&es and co)ntres 8+c+1 to a2od an" ds$)table ttle1 I 8ll +ere call
s'$l" t+e Rel&on of t+e %ncent (a&e. :nder t+at ttle (t+o)&+ Lao TNu s
+ardl" 'ore t+an a na'e) t +as been set fort+ to )s n bref s)''ar" b" t+e
&reat sa&e and $oet of o)r o8n t'eG and s)c+ 8ords as !at)ral Rel&on1
Pant+es'1 Platons'1 /"stcs'1 do b)t e#$ress or ntensf" 2ar"n&
as$ects of ts 'an )nderl"n& conce$ton. T+at conce$ton s t+e coC
e#stence and nter$enetraton of a real or s$rt)al 8t+ t+s 'ateral or
$+eno'enal 8orldJ a belef dr2en +o'e to 'an" 'nds b" e#$erences
bot+ 'ore 8e&+t" and 'ore concordant t+an t+e $erc$ents t+e'sel2es
+a2e al8a"s 3no8n. /ore 8e&+t"1 I sa"1 for t+e" +a2e '$led t+e
2ertable nascenc" and o$eraton of a last and lar&est sense9 a fac)lt" for
a$$re+endn&1 not God1 ndeed (for 8+at fnte fac)lt" can a$$re+end t+e
InfnteW)1 b)t at least so'e d' and scattered to3ens and $ref&)re'ents of
a tr)e 8orld of Lfe and Lo2e. /ore concordant alsoG and t+s for a reason
8+c+ tll recentl" 8o)ld +a2e see'ed a $arado#. 4or t+e ')t)al
corroboraton of t+ese s&ns and 'essa&es les not onl" n t+er f)nda'ental
a&ree'ent )$ to a certan $ont1 b)t n t+er ne2table d2er&ence be"ond tG
as t+e" $ass fro' t+n&s felt nto t+n&s 'a&nedG fro' act)al e#$erence
nto do&'atc creed.
T+e Rel&on of t+e %ncent (a&e s of )n3no8n antE)t". Of )n3no8n
antE)t" also are 2aro)s Orental t"$es of rel&on1 c)l'natn& n
+storcal t'es n t+e Rel&on of B)dd+a. 4or B)dd+s' all
nter$enetratn& )n2erses 'a3e t+e ste$s )$on 'an5s )$8ard 8a"G )ntl
del2erance fro' ll)son lea2es t+e s$rt 'er&ed neffabl" n t+e
'$ersonal %ll. B)t t+e teac+n& of B)dd+a +as lost to)c+ 8t+ realt"G t
rests on no bass of obser2ed or of re$rod)cble fact.
On a bass of obser2ed facts1 on t+e ot+er +and1 C+rstant"1 t+e
"o)n&est of t+e &reat t"$es of rel&on1 does ass)redl" rest. %ss)redl" t+ose
facts1 so far as tradton +as 'ade t+e' 3no8n to )s1 do tend to $ro2e t+e
s)$er+)'an c+aracter of ts 4o)nder1 and -s tr)'$+ o2er deat+G and t+)s
t+e e#stence and nfl)ence of a s$rt)al 8orld1 8+ere 'en5s tr)e ctNens+$
les. T+ese deas1 b" co''on consent1 la" at t+e or&n of t+e 4at+. (nce
t+ose frst da"s1 +o8e2er1 C+rstant" +as been elaborated nto codes of
et+c and rt)al ada$ted to 6estern c2lsatonG+as &aned (so'e t+n3) as
a r)le of lfe 8+at t +as lost as a s'$lct" of s$rt.
4ro' t+e )nfettered stand$ont of t+e %ncent (a&e t+e dee$
concordance of t+ese and ot+er sc+e'es of rel&o)s t+o)&+t 'a" 8ell
o)t8e&+ t+er for'al o$$ostons. %nd "et I re$eat t+at t s not fro' an"
'ere 8eldn& of t+ese sc+e'es to&et+er1 nor fro' an" c+oce of t+e best
$onts n e#stn& s"nt+eses1 t+at t+e ne8 s"nt+ess for 8+c+ I +o$e ')st be
born. It ')st be born fro' ne8Cda8nn& 3no8led&eG +ii,HNM- and n t+at
ne8 3no8led&e I bele2e t+at eac+ &reat for' of rel&o)s t+o)&+t 8ll fnd
ts nds$ensableI 'a" al'ost sa" ts $redctedde2elo$'ent. O)r race
fro' ts 2er" nfanc" +as st)'bled alon& a &)arded 8a"G and no8 t+e frst
lessons of ts earl" c+ld+ood re2eal t+e root n realt" of ')c+ t+at t +as
nstnct2el" bele2ed.
1010 . 6+at I t+n3 I 3no81 t+erefore1 I a' bo)nd to tellG I ')st &2e t+e
rel&o)s )$s+ot of obser2aton and e#$er'ent n s)c+ bref anno)nce'ent
as an a)dence l3e t+s
*
+as a r&+t to +ear1 e2en before o)r dsco2eres can
be lad n f)ll before t+e co)rts of scence for defnte a$$ro2al.
T+e reigious upshot, I re$eatJfor I cannot +ere re$rod)ce t+e 'ass of
e2dence 8+c+ +as been $)bls+ed n f)ll else8+ere. Its &eneral c+aracter s
b" t+s t'e 8del" 3no8n. Obser2aton1 e#$er'ent1 nference1 +a2e led
'an" nE)rers1 of 8+o' I a' one1 to a belef n drect or tele$at+c
nterco'')ncaton1 not onl" bet8een t+e 'nds of 'en stll on eart+1 b)t
bet8een 'nds or s$rts stll on eart+ and s$rts de$arted. ()c+ a discovery
o$ens t+e door also to reveation. B" dsco2er" and b" re2elatonb"
obser2aton fro' 8t+o)t t+e 2el1 and b" )tterance fro' 8t+ncertan
t+eses +a2e been $ro2sonall" establs+ed 8t+ re&ard to s)c+ de$arted
so)ls as 8e +a2e been able to enco)nter. 4rst and c+efl"1 I at least see
&ro)nd to bele2e t+at t+er state s one of endless e2ol)ton n 8sdo' and
n lo2e. T+er lo2es of eart+ $ersstG and 'ost of all t+ose +&+est lo2es
8+c+ see3 t+er o)tlet n adoraton and 8ors+$. 6e do not fnd1 ndeed1
t+at s)$$ort s &2en b" so)ls n blss to an" s$ecal sc+e'e of terrene
t+eolo&". T+ereon t+e" 3no8 less t+an 8e 'ortal 'en +a2e often fanced
t+at 8e 3ne8. Yet fro' t+er ste$ of 2anta&eC&ro)nd n t+e :n2erse1 at
least1 t+e" see t+at t s &ood. I do not 'ean t+at t+e" 3no8 et+er of an end
or of an e#$lanaton of e2l. Yet e2l to t+e' see's less a terrble t+an a
sla2s+ t+n&. It s e'boded n no '&+t" PotentateG rat+er t for's an
solatn& 'adness fro' 8+c+ +&+er s$rts str2e to free t+e dstorted so)l.
T+ere needs no c+astse'ent of freG selfC3no8led&e s 'an5s $)ns+'ent
and +s re8ardG selfC3no8led&e1 and t+e nearness or t+e aloofness of
co'$anon so)ls. 4or n t+at 8orld lo2e s act)all" selfC$reser2atonG t+e
Co'')non of (ants not onl" adorns b)t constt)tes t+e Lfe E2erlastn&.
!a"1 fro' t+e la8 of tele$at+" t follo8s t+at t+at co'')non s 2ald for )s
+ere and no8. E2en no8 t+e lo2e of so)ls de$arted 'a3es ans8er to o)r
n2ocatons. E2en no8 o)r lo2n& 'e'or"lo2e s tself a $ra"er
s)$$orts and stren&t+ens t+ose del2ered s$rts )$on t+er )$8ard 8a". !o
8onderG snce 8e are to t+e' b)t as fello8Ctra2ellers s+ro)ded n a 'stG
net+er deat+1 nor lfe1 nor +e&+t1 nor de$t+1 nor an" ot+er creat)re9 can
bar )s fro' t+e +eart+Cfre of t+e )n2erse1 or +de for 'ore t+an a 'o'ent
t+e nconce2able oneness of so)ls.
+ii,HNN-
1011 . %nd s not t+s a fres+ nstal'ent1 or a $rec)rsor" ad)'braton1 of
t+at Tr)t+ nto 8+c+ t+e Paraclete s+o)ld leadW -as an" 8orldCsc+e'e "et
been s)&&ested so $rofo)ndl" corroborat2e of t+e 2er" core of t+e C+rstan
re2elatonW 7es)s C+rst bro)&+t lfe and ''ortalt" to l&+t.9 B" -s
a$$earance after bodl" deat+ -e $ro2ed t+e deat+lessness of t+e s$rt. B"
-s c+aracter and -s teac+n& -e testfed to t+e 4at+er+ood of God. (o
far1 t+en1 as -s )nE)e 'essa&e ad'tted of e2dental s)$$ort1 t s +ere
s)$$orted. (o far as -e $ro'sed t+n&s )n$ro2able1 t+at $ro'se s +ere
rene8ed.
I 2ent)re no8 on a bold sa"n&G for I $redct t+at1 n conseE)ence of t+e
ne8 e2dence1 all reasonable 'en1 a cent)r" +ence1 8ll bele2e t+e
Res)rrecton of C+rst1 8+ereas1 n defa)lt of t+e ne8 e2dence1 no
reasonable 'en1 a cent)r" +ence1 8o)ld +a2e bele2ed t. T+e &ro)nd of t+s
forecast s $lan eno)&+. O)r e2erC&ro8n& reco&nton of t+e contn)t"1 t+e
)nfor't" of cos'c la8 +as &rad)all" 'ade of t+e alle&ed uniqueness of
an" ncdent ts al'ost ne2table ref)taton. E2er 'ore clearl" ')st o)r a&e
of scence realse t+at an" relaton bet8een a 'ateral and a s$rt)al 8orld
cannot be an et+cal or e'otonal relaton aloneG t+at t ')st needs be a
&reat str)ct)ral fact of t+e :n2erse1 n2ol2n& la8s at least as $ersstent1 as
dentcal fro' a&e to a&e1 as o)r 3no8n la8s of Ener&" or of /oton. %nd
es$ecall" as to t+at central cla'1 of t+e so)l5s lfe 'anfested after t+e
bod"5s deat+1 t s $lan t+at t+s can less and less be s)$$orted b" re'ote
tradton aloneG t+at t ')st 'ore and 'ore be tested b" 'odern e#$erence
and nE)r". ()$$ose1 for nstance1 t+at 8e collect 'an" s)c+ +stores1
recorded on frstC+and e2dence n o)r crtcal a&eG and s)$$ose t+at all
t+ese narrat2es brea3 do8n on anal"ssG t+at t+e" can all be traced to
+all)cnaton1 'sdescr$ton1 and ot+er $ersstent so)rces of errorGcan 8e
t+en e#$ect reasonable 'en to bele2e t+at t+s 'ar2ello)s $+eno'enon1
al8a"s 2ans+n& nto not+n&ness 8+en closel" scr)tnsed n a 'odern
En&ls+ scene1 ')st "et co'$el adorn& credence 8+en alle&ed to +a2e
occ)rred n an Orental co)ntr"1 and n a re'ote and s)$erstto)s a&eW -ad
t+e res)lts (n s+ort) of $s"c+cal researc+9 been $)rel" ne&at2e1 8o)ld
not C+rstan e2denceI do not sa" C+rstan emotion, b)t C+rstan
evidence+a2e rece2ed an o2er8+el'n& blo8W
%s a 'atter of fact1or1 f "o) $refer t+e $+rase1 n '" o8n $ersonal
o$non1o)r researc+ +as led )s to res)lts of a E)te dfferent t"$e. T+e"
+a2e not been ne&at2e onl"1 b)t lar&el" $ost2e. 6e +a2e s+o8n t+at a'd
')c+ dece$ton and selfCdece$ton1 fra)d and ll)son1 2ertable
'anfestatons do reac+ )s fro' be"ond t+e &ra2e. T+e central cla' of
C+rstant" s t+)s confr'ed1 as ne2er before. If o)r o8n frends1 'en l3e
o)rsel2es1 can so'et'es ret)rn to tell )s of lo2e and +o$e1 a '&+ter ($rt
'a" 8ell +a2e )sed t+e eternal la8s 8t+ a 'ore co''andn& $o8er. T+ere
s not+n& to +nder t+e re2erent fat+ t+at1 t+o)&+ 8e be all t+e C+ldren of
t+e /ost -&+est19 -e ca'e nearer +ii,HNO- t+an 8e1 b" so'e s$ace b" )s
''eas)rable1 to T+at 8+c+ s nfntel" far. T+ere s not+n& to +nder t+e
de2o)t con2cton t+at -e of -s o8n act too3 )$on -' t+e for' of a
ser2ant19 and 8as 'ade fles+ for o)r sal2aton1 foreseen& t+e eart+l" tra2al
and t+e eternal cro8n. ()rel" before t+s descent nto &eneraton19 sa"s
Plotn)s1
*
8e e#sted n t+e ntell&ble 8orldG ben& ot+er 'en t+an no8
8e are1 and so'e of )s GodsG clear so)ls1 and 'nds ''#ed 8t+ all
e#stenceG $arts of t+e Intell&ble1 nor se2ered t+enceG nor are 8e se2ered
e2en no8.9
101( . It s not t+)s to less of re2erence t+at 'an s s)''oned1 b)t to
'ore. Let +' 3ee$ +old of earl" sancttesG b)t let +' re'e'ber also t+at
once a&an a &reat s+eet +as been let do8n o)t of +ea2enG9 and loZ net+er
B)dd+a nor Plato s fo)nd co''on or )nclean.
!a"1 as to o)r o8n so)l5s f)t)re1 8+en t+at frst s+oc3 of deat+ s $ast1 t
s n B)dd+s' t+at 8e fnd t+e 'ore ns$rn&1 t+e tr)er 2e8. T+at 6estern
conce$ton of an nstant and )nc+an&eable blss or 8oea blss or 8oe
deter'ned lar&el" b" a 'an5s belefs1 n t+s eart+l" &norance1 on 'atters
8+c+ t+e an&els desre to loo3 nto9s t+e beE)est of a $reCCo$erncan
era of s$ec)lat2e t+o)&+t. In ts /a+o'edan tra2est"1 8e see t+e sa'e
sc+e'e 8t+ o)tlnes coarsened nto &rotesE)enessG8e see t de&rade t+e
cos'c 'arc+ and $rofl)ence nto a 'anner of c+ldren5s $la".
/eant'e t+e ''e'oral ')sn&s of )nn)'bered 'en +a2e drea't of
a cons)''aton so far re'o2ed t+at +e 8+o &aNed +as scarcel" 3no8n
8+et+er t 8ere !ot+n&ness or ,et". 6t+ $rofo)ndest fantas"1 t+e East
+as $ondered on t+e 2astness of t+e 8orld t+at no8 s1 of t+e 8orlds t+at are
to be. 6+at rest or $ast)re for t+e 'nd n t+e se2en da"s of Creaton1 t+e
fo)r r2ers of Paradse1 t+e stars 'ade also9W T+e fart+er East +as reac+ed
blndl" fort+ to8ards astrono'cal e$oc+s1 sdereal s$aces1 &alactc
con&re&atons of nconce2able Ben&. Pressed b" t+e nc)'benc" of
ancestral &ods (as t+e C+nese le&end tells )s)1 t +as created b" one s8ee$
of t+e 'a&naton a t+o)sand :n2erses1 to be t+e B)dd+a5s real'.9
T+e sacred tale of B)dd+a1 de2elo$ed fro' ts earler s'$lct" b" t+e
s+a$n& stress of 'an" &eneratons1 o$ens to )s t+e 8+ole ran&e and
'aDest" of +)'an fate. T+e destned B)dd+a +as desred to be a B)dd+a
t+ro)&+ an al'ost )n'a&nable seres of 8orlds.9 !o so)l need e2er be
8t+o)t t+at +o$e. T+e s$rtC8orlds are e2en no8 anno)ncn& t+e ad2ent
of f)t)re B)dd+as1 n e$oc+s too re'ote for t+e co'$)taton of 'en.9 !o
obstacles 8t+o)t )s can arrest o)r 8a". T+e roc3s t+at 8ere t+ro8n at
B)dd+a 8ere c+an&ed nto flo8ers.9 !ot o)r o8n 8orst 'sdon&s need
be&et des$ar. B)dd+a1 too1 +ad often been to +ell for +s sns.9 T+e 2ast
co'$le#t" of t+e ()' of T+n&s need not a$$al )s. Beneat+ t+e
botto'less 8+rl$ool of e#stences1 be+nd t+e ll)son of 4or' and !a'e19
8e1 too1 l3e +ii,HOP- B)dd+a1 'a" dsco2er and re2eal t+e $erfecton of
t+e Eternal La8.9 :s1 too1 l3e B)dd+a1 t+e cos'c 8elco'e 'a" a8atG as
8+en Eart+ tself and t+e la8s of all 8orlds9 tre'bled 8t+ Do" as B)dd+a
attaned t+e ()$re'e Intell&ence1 and entered nto t+e Endless Cal'.9
1013 . I bele2e t+at so'e of t+ose 8+o once 8ere near to )s are alread"
'o)ntn& s8ftl" )$on t+s +ea2enl" 8a". %nd 8+en fro' t+at clo)d
enco'$assn& of )nfor&etf)l so)ls so'e 2oce s +eard1as lon& a&o1
t+ere needs no +eros'1 no sanctt"1 to ns$re t+e a$ostle5s ui l
A 1 t+e desre to lft o)r anc+or1 and to sal o)t be"ond t+e bar.
6+at ftter s)''ons for 'an t+an t+e 8s+ to l2e n t+e 'e'or" of t+e
+&+est so)l t+at +e +as 3no8n1 no8 rsen +&+erGto lft nto an ''ortal
sec)rt" t+e "earnn& $asson of +s lo2eW %s t+e so)l +astenet+19 sa"s
Plotn)s1
*
to t+e t+n&s t+at are abo2e1 s+e 8ll e2er for&et t+e 'oreG )nless
all +er lfe on eart+ lea2e a 'e'or" of t+n&s done 8ell. 4or e2en +ere 'a"
'an do 8ell1 f +e stand clear of t+e cares of eart+. %nd +e ')st stand clear
of t+er 'e'ores tooG so t+at one 'a" r&+tl" s$ea3 of a noble so)l as
for&ettn& t+ose t+n&s t+at are be+nd. %nd t+e s+ade of -Ora3lOs1 ndeed1
'a" tal3 of +s o8n 2alo)r to t+e s+ades1 b)t t+e tr)e -Ora3lOs n t+e tr)e
8orld 8ll dee' all t+at of lttle 8ort+G ben& trans$orted nto a 'ore sacred
$lace1 and stren)o)sl" en&a&n&1 e2en abo2e +s stren&t+1 n t+ose battles n
8+c+ t+e 8se en&a&e.9 Can 8e 'en no8 on eart+ cla' 'ore of
s)stan'ent t+an les n t+e nc$ent co'')non 8t+ t+ose enfranc+sed
so)lsW 6+at da" of +o$e1 of e#altaton1 +as da8ned l3e t+s1 snce t+e
'essa&e of PentecostW
101+ . Yet a d)rable rel&o)s s"nt+ess s+o)ld do 'ore t+an satsf"
'an5s ''edate as$raton. It s+o)ld be n tself $ro&ress2e and
e2ol)tonar"G t s+o)ld bear a $ro'se of e2er dee$er +olness1 to ans8er to
t+e lon& a&es of +e&+tenn& 8sdo' d)rn& 8+c+ o)r race 'a" be destned
to n+abt t+e eart+. T+s condton +as ne2er "et been 'et. !o sc+e'e1
ndeed1 co)ld 'eet t 8+c+ 8as not based )$on rec)rrent and de2elo$n&
facts. To s)c+ facts 8e no8 a$$eal. 6e loo31 not bac38ard to fadn&
tradton1 b)t on8ard to da8nn& e#$erence. 6e +o$e t+at t+e nterco)rse1
no8 at last consco)sl" be&)nalt+o)&+ as t+ro)&+ t+e 'o)t+ of babes and
s)c3ln&s1 and n conf)sed and sta''ern& s$eec+bet8een dscarnate and
ncarnate so)ls1 'a" t+ro)&+ lon& effort clarf" nto a drecter co'')non1
so t+at t+e" s+all teac+ )s all t+e" 8ll.
(cence1 t+en1 need be no lon&er fettered b" t+e l'tatons of t+s
$lanetar" stand$ontG nor et+cs b" t+e narro8 e#$erence of a sn&le lfe.
E2ol)ton 8ll no lon&er a$$ear as a tr)ncated $rocess1 an e2erCarrested
'o2e'ent )$on an )n3no8n &oal. Rat+er 8e 'a" &an a &l'$se of an
)lt'ate ncandescence 8+ere scence and rel&on f)se n oneG a cos'c
e2ol)ton of Ener&" nto Lfe1 and of Lfe nto Lo2e1 8+c+ s 7o". +ii,HOG-
Lo2e1 8+c+ s 7o" at once and 6sdo'G8e can do no 'ore t+an rn& t+e
c+an&es on ter's l3e t+ese1 8+et+er 8e 'a&ne t+e transf&)re'ent and
a$ot+eoss of conE)ern& so)ls1 or t+e lo8er1 b)t stll sacred1 destn" 8+c+
'a" be so'e da" $ossble for so)ls stll tarr"n& +ere. 6e $ct)re t+e
$erfected so)l as t+e B)dd+a1 t+e (a2o)r1 t+e aurai simpicis ignem,
d8elln& on one or ot+er as$ect of t+at trnal conce$ton of 6sdo'1 Lo2e1
and 7o". 4or so)ls not "et $erfected b)t stll +eld on eart+ I +a2e foretold a
&ro8t+ n hoiness. B" t+s I 'ean no )nreal o$$oston or forced
d2orce'ent of sacred and sec)lar1 of fles+ and s$rt. Rat+er I defne
+olness as t+e Do" too +&+ as "et for o)r enDo"'entG t+e 8sdo' D)st
be"ond o)r learnn&G t+e ra$t)re of lo2e 8+c+ 8e stll str2e to attan.
Ine2tabl"1 as o)r ln3 8t+ ot+er s$rts stren&t+ens1 as t+e lfe of t+e
or&ans' $o)rs 'ore f)ll" t+ro)&+ t+e nd2d)al cell1 8e s+all feel lo2e
'ore ardent1 8der 8sdo'1 +&+er Do"G $erce2n& t+at t+s or&anc )nt" of
(o)l1 8+c+ for's t+e n8ard as$ect of t+e tele$at+c la81 s n tself t+e
Order of t+e Cos'os1 t+e ()''aton of T+n&s. %nd s)c+ de2oton 'a"
fnd ts flo8er n no 2an selfC'art"rdo'1 no clostered res&naton1 b)t
rat+er n s)c+ $er2adn& ecstas" as alread" t+e elect +a2e 3no8nG t+e Vson
8+c+ dssol2es for a 'o'ent t+e cor$oreal $rsonC+o)seG t+e fl&+t of t+e
One to t+e One.9
(o let t+e so)l t+at s not )n8ort+" of t+at Vson conte'$late t+e
Great (o)lG freed fro' decet and e2er" 8tc+er"1 and collected nto cal'.
Cal'ed be t+e bod" for +er n t+at +o)r1 and t+e t)')lt of t+e fles+G a"1 all
t+at s abo)t +er1 cal'G cal' be t+e eart+1 t+e sea1 t+e ar1 and let -ea2en
tself be stll. T+en let +er feel +o8 nto t+at slent +ea2en t+e Great (o)l
flo8et+ nY%nd so 'a" 'an5s so)l be s)re of Vson1 8+en s)ddenl" s+e s
flled 8t+ l&+tG for t+s l&+t s fro' -' and s -eG and t+en s)rel" s+all
one 3no8 -s $resence 8+en1 l3e a &od of old t'e1 -e entered nto t+e
+o)se of one t+at callet+ -'1 and 'a3et+ t f)ll of l&+t.9 %nd +o819
concl)des Plotn)s1 'a" t+s t+n& be for )sW Let all else &o.9
*
101, . T+ese +e&+ts1 I confess1 are abo2e t+e stat)re of '" s$rt. Yet
for eac+ of )s s a ft n&ress nto t+e :nseenG and for so'e lesser 'an t+e
'e'or" of one 2ans+ed so)l 'a" be beatfc as of old for Plotn)s t+e
floodn& ''enst" of -ea2en. %nd albet no +storcal rel&on can $ersst
as a lo&cal +altn&C$lace )$on t+e endless 'o)ntn& 8a"t+at 8a" 8+c+
leads )nbro3en fro' t+e frst &er' of lo2e n t+e +eart to an nconce2able
)non 8t+ t+e ,2ne"et 'an" a creed n t)rn 'a" 8ell be close
n8ro)&+t and n8o2en 8t+ o)r eternal +o$e. 6+at 8onder1 f n t+e so)l5s
lon& battle1 so'e Ca$tan of o)r (al2aton s+all so'et'es see' to to8er
)nr2alled and aloneW +ii,HOH- l JA m .
%nd "et n no sn&le act or $asson can t+at sal2aton standG far +ence1
be"ond Oron and %ndro'eda1 t+e cos'c $rocess 8or3s and s+all 8or3 for
e2er t+ro)&+ )nbe&otten so)ls. %nd e2en as t 8as not n tr)t+ t+e &reat
&+ost of -ector onl"1 b)t t+e 8+ole nascent race of Ro'e1 8+c+ bore fro'
t+e TroDan altar t+e +allo8n& fre1 so s t not one (a2o)r onl"1 b)t t+e
8+ole nascent race of 'anna"1 all t+e ''eas)rable $ro&en" and
$o$)laton of t+e +ea2ens8+c+ ss)es contn)all" fro' be+nd t+e 2el of
Ben&1 and fort+ fro' t+e (anct)ar" of t+e :n2erse carres t+e e2erCb)rnn&
fla'eJ Aeternumque adytis e$$ert penetraibus ignem.
APPENDIX A
THE FUNCTION OF A SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH
LT+e follo8n& for'ed or&nall" a Presdental %ddress to t+e (ocet"
for Ps"c+cal Researc+1 del2ered n /a"1 *@>>. -ence t+e all)son to t+e
$ersonal $oston occ)$ed b" t+e a)t+or n t+at (ocet" d)rn& t+at "ear.
E,ITOR(.M
6+en I +eard1 n absence fro' En&land1 t+at t+e Co)ncl of t+s (ocet"
+ad done 'e t+e +ono)r of electn& 'e as ts Presdent for t+e c)rrent "ear1 I
felt t+at a certan defnte sta&e n t+e (ocet"5s e2ol)ton +ad been reac+ed
at an earler date t+an I s+o)ld or&nall" +a2e e#$ected.
/" $redecessors n t+s C+ar1 I need not sa"1 +a2e1 8t+o)t e#ce$ton1
been 'en of t+e +&+est dstncton. T+e lst +as ncl)ded 'en 8+ose
leaders+$ 8o)ld confer +ono)r on an" bod" of 'en 8+ate2erGon s)c+
bodes1 for nstance1 as t+e Brts+ %ssocaton or t+e -o)se of Co''ons.
6e +a2e been &ratef)l to t+ese e'nent $ersons for lendn& t+e sancton of
t+er na'es to o)r earl" be&nnn&s. %nd 8e +a2e ot+er na'es n reser2e of
s'lar dstnctonGdestned1 I +o$e1 so'e da" to adorn o)r lst of
Presdents. Yet for t+e c)rrent "ear t+e Co)ncl +a2e $referred to c+oose a
'an 8+o +as lttle cla' to s)c+ a dstncton1 be"ond t+e fact t+at +e +as
8or3ed for t+e obDects 8+c+ o)r (ocet" see3s1 fro' da"s e2en before t+e
(ocet"5s for'atonGand t+at +e s deter'ned to &o on t+)s 8or3n& so
lon& as +s fac)ltes 'a" allo8. (o +a2e o)r frends c+osenG and f a 'an
'a" s$ea3 t+)s of +s o8n electon1 I t+n3 t+at t+e c+oce s a$$ro$rate
eno)&+. 4or t+e t'e +as co'e 8+en 8e 'a" farl" ndcate to t+e 8orld
t+at 8e bele2e o)r (ocet" can stand on ts o8n botto'G t+at t carres on a
branc+ of scentfc 8or3 8+c+1 alt+o)&+ no2el and tentat2e1 s le&t'ate
and +ono)rableG and t+erefore t+at 8e do not need to $)t for8ard n ts
$ro'nent $ostons onl" t+ose na'es 8+c+ +a2e been 'ade nde$endentl"
ll)stro)s b" &ood 8or3 of ot+er +ii,HOI- 3nds $erfor'ed else8+ere. %s
re$resentn& t+e $rnc$le t+at t+e $lan1 )nadorned Ps"c+cal Researc+er s
D)st as res$ectable n +s o8n 8a" as an"bod" else1 I a' $ro)d ndeed to see
'" +)'bler na'e nscrbed after t+e na'es of -enr" (d&8c31 Balfo)r
(te8art1 %rt+)r Balfo)r1 6lla' 7a'es1 and 6lla' Croo3es.
B)t +ere one t+o)&+t ')st rse')st rse for all 8+o 3ne8 t+e earl"
da"s of t+s researc+1 b)t 'ost of all for 'e6o)ld t+at Ed')nd G)rne"
8ere standn& 8+ere I stand no8Z 4or )s 8+o 3ne8 +' best t+e "ears snce
+e left )s +a2e b)t ser2ed to ll)strate +s )nE)eness and to dee$en +s
'e'or"G +a2e 'ade )s feel +o8 ')c+ of t+e +)'oro)s ad2ent)re1 t+e
s"'$at+etc fello8s+$1 t+e dee$ del&+t of t+s researc+ of o)rs +as 8t+
+' $assed rre2ocabl" a8a". On t+e l&+ter sde of t+n&s1 8e can ne2er
rene8 t+e ntellect)al enDo"'ent of t+ose "ears of o)r s'all be&nnn&s
s$ent at +s sdeG8atc+n& +o8 +s flas+n& ron"1 +s fearless dalectc1
dealt 8t+ t+e attac3s 8+c+ t+en $o)red n fro' e2er" E)arterG8t+ t+e
flo)ndern& $latt)des of obsc)rantst ort+odo#"1 or 8t+ t+e s')& sneers of
$o$)lar scence1 belttln& 8+at t 8ll not tr" to )nderstand. On t+e &ra2er
sde1 8e s+all +ardl" see anot+er e#a'$le of D)st t+at attt)de of 'nd 8t+
8+c+ G)rne" entered on t+s researc+1and 8+c+ 'ade for )s so dee$ an
ele'ent n +s nco'$arable c+ar'.
4or n t+at 'an"Cc+orded nat)re s"'$at+" 8as t+e dee$est stranG
s"'$at+" 8+c+ flo8ed fort+ ndeed to t+ose +e lo2ed n s)c+ $enetratn&
and nt'ate tenderness as fe8 'ortals +a2e +ad t+e +a$$ness to 3no81
b)t 8+c+ e#$ended tself 'ore 8del" n a $rofo)nd co'$asson for t+e
')ltfor' sorro8s of 'en. %nd t+)s1 as needs ')st +a$$en n t+ose
res$ons2e 'nds 8+c+ +ear1 n t+e %$ostle5s 8ords1 t+e 8+ole creaton
&roann& and tra2aln& )ntl no81 t+ere ca'e to +' t+e con2cton t+at t+e
E)eston of lfe after deat+ 8as t+e onl" test 8+c+ 8e co)ld reall" a$$l" to
t+e e#stence of a Pro2denceGna"1 t+at t 8as no 'ere articuus stantis
aut cadentis 8ccesi, b)t n so'bre earnest1 for all +)'an3nd1 t+e
articuus stantis aut cadentis *ei. (tran&el" eno)&+1 t 8as for ot+ers rat+er
t+an for +'self t+at G)rne" desred t+s &reat $ossblt"G +s o8n 'o)rnf)l
and stoc te'$er d8elt lttle on an" $ersonal +o$e. B)t +e felt t+at f t+e
4rst Ca)se +as s)''oned nto lfe on eart+1 t+o)&+ t 8ere b)t one sn&le
'an alone1 'serable a'd all t+e +a$$"Gone sn&le so)l foredoo'ed to
eternal $rotest and nesca$able 8oeGt+en t+at 4rst Ca)se s not a God to
8+o' a &ood 'an can offer lo2e1 or a D)st 'an 8ors+$. %lasZ +o8 'an"
t+eolo&es does t+s clear 'oral a#o' s+r2el as 8t+ b)rnn& freZ +o8
'an" $+loso$+es does t scatter to t+e 8ndsZ$+loso$+es of 'en
8al3n& delcatel" on 8ord" brd&es across t+e &r' ab"ss of t+n&s1
satsfed t+at t+e 8orld s 8ell eno)&+1 8+le ro)nd t+e' 8ron&ed1
de&raded l2es b" 'llons are $ers+n& n a&on" and for e2er. It 8as n
res$onse to s)c+ eas" o$t's' t+at G)rne"5s lo&c 8as t+e 'ost +ii,HOJ-
ntolerabl" trenc+ant1 +s so'bre slence t+e f)llest of sad scornGfor n
tr)t+ t+s contented blndness of sealed s$rts s n tself t+e 2lest 8oe of
'an. 'e co)ld not a2ert +s e"es1 and ds$ort +'self n a fool5s Paradse.
'e co)ld not 8ea2e a 8eb of 8ords1 and stfle n a $+loso$+er5s drea'.
()ffer 'e to a$$l" to '" frend for a 'o'ent e2en t+ose loft" lnes n
8+c+ a &reat $oet +as n2o3ed t+e &reatestJ
T+o) t+at seest )n2ersal !at)re 'o2ed b" )n2ersal /ndG
T+o)1 'aDestc n t+" sadness at t+e do)btf)l doo' of +)'an3nd.9
It s 8ell t+at t+s noble f&)re s+o)ld stand at t+e entrance of o)r
researc+Gs+o)ld s+o8 +o8 )nselfs+ 'a" be t+e '$)lse 8+c+ +as
$ro'$ted to ea&er labo)r1ea&er e2en be"ond t+e l't 8+c+ $+"scal
$o8ers allo8ed. B)t ass)redl" t+e 'ass of )s Ps"c+cal Researc+ers +a2e
no need 8+ate2er of +eroc 2rt)e. 6e +a2e eno)&+ and to s$are of s)c+
'ot2es as a$$eal to ordnar" 'en. 6e +a2e t+e st')l)s of ntellect)al
c)rost"1'ore rc+l" satsfed1 I t+n31 n o)rs t+an n an" ot+er E)estG
and be"ond t+s 'ost of )s1 I t+n31 +a2e t+e +ealt+f)l1 $r'ar" desre for
t+e $rolon&atont+e endless $rolon&atonof lfe and +a$$ness. I 3no81
ndeed1 t+at for 2aro)s reasons so'e 'en of stron& and +&+ nat)re1 as 8ell
as 'an" 'en of feebler nat)re1 do fal to feel t+s desreG b)t on t+e 8+ole
one ')st re&ard t+at for' of Det,Schmer3 as b)t a $assn& 'ood of o)r
race5s ''at)rt"1as 8+at $+"scans call a neurosis o$ deveopment/
one ')st ad't t+at )s)all" 8+en a 'an cares lttle for e#stence t+s s
beca)se e#stence cares lttle for +'1 and t+at t +as been do)bt as to t+e
2al)e of lfe and lo2e 8+c+ +as 'ade t+e decadence of al'ost all
c2lsatons. Lfe s t+e fnal a' of lfeG t+e 'sson of t+e +&+est Teac+er
8as t+at 8e '&+t +a2e t t+e 'ore ab)ndantl"G and t+e )n2erse str2es best
to8ards ts )lt'ate $)r$ose t+ro)&+ t+e nor'al1 2&oro)s s$rt to 8+o' to
l2e tself s Do".
T+e dan&er1 t+en1 for o)r researc+ 8ll le not n lac3 b)t n e#cess of
'ot2eG o)r 'nds 'a" be bassed n t+er D)d&'ent of e2dence b" a dee$
nstnct2e desre. 4or '" o8n $art1 I certanl" cannot cla' s)c+
'$artalt" as ndfference '&+t brn&. 4ro' '" earlest c+ld+oodfro'
'" 2er" frst recollectonst+e desre for eternal lfe +as ''eas)rabl"
ecl$sed for 'e e2er" ot+er 8s+ or +o$e. Yet desire s not necessarl" bias/
and '" $ersonal +stor" +as con2nced '"selft+o)&+ I cannot cla' t+at
t s+all con2nce ot+ers alsot+at '" 8s+es do not stron&l" 8ar$ '"
D)d&'ent1na"1 t+at so'et'es t+e 2er" 3eenness of $ersonal an#et" 'a"
'a3e one afrad to bele2e1 as readl" as ot+er 'en1 t+at 8+c+ one 'ost
lon&s for.
4or 8+en1 after der2n& ')c+ +a$$ness fro' C+rstan fat+1 I felt
'"self forced b" &ro8n& 3no8led&e to reco&nse t+at t+e e2dence for t+at
c)l'nant nstance of s$rt ret)rn 8as not adeE)ate1 as standn& +ii,HOK-
alone1 to D)stf" con2cton1 I dd +onestl" s)rrender t+at &reat Do"G alt+o)&+
ts loss 8as 'ore &re2o)s to 'e t+an an"t+n& else 8+c+ +as +a$$ened to
'e n lfe.
T+en 8t+ lttle +o$ena"1 al'ost 8t+ rel)ctant scornb)t 8t+ t+e
feeln& t+at no last and least c+ance of t+e &reat dsco2er" s+o)ld be t+ro8n
asde1 I t)rned to s)c+ $oor efforts at $s"c+cal researc+ as 8ere at t+at t'e
$ossbleG and no8 t s onl" after t+rt" "ears of s)c+ st)d" as I +a2e been
able to &2e t+at I sa" to '"self at last1 'abes totF quod mente petisti
T+o) +ast 8+at t+ne 8+ole +eart desredG9t+at I reco&nse t+at for 'e
t+s fres+ e2dence18+le rasn& t+at &reat +storc ncdent of t+e
Res)rrecton nto ne8 credblt"1+as also flled 'e 8t+ a sense of ns&+t
and of t+an3f)lness s)c+ as e2en '" frst ardent C+rstant" dd not besto8.
Yet f I t+)s fnd t+e +a$$ness 8+c+ s$ran& fro' farCreac+n&
Tradton and Int)ton s)r$assed b" t+e +a$$ness 8+c+ s$rn&s fro' a
narro8er1 b)t a 'ore stable ran&e of de'onstrated fact1 I ne2ert+eless s$ea3
n no s$rt of reacton or of n&ratt)de to8ards tradtons and nt)tons
8+c+ ')st "et1 for 'an" a cent)r"1 be $otent for t+e sal2aton of 'en. I b"
no 'eans ta3e for &ranted t+at an" scentfc nE)r"1 an" nd)cton fro'
e'$rcal facts1 can afford to 'an +s onl" or +s dee$est ns&+t nto t+e
'eann& of t+e :n2erse. I +a2e no contro2ers" 8t+ t+ose 8+o sa" t+at
conte'$laton1 re2elaton1 ecstas"1 'a" carr" dee$ nto certan +earts an
e2en $rofo)nder tr)t+. I reco&nse also t+at o)r (cence s a con2entonal
str)ct)reG t+at t rests on ass)'$tons 8+c+ 8e cannot f)ll" $ro2eG or 8+c+
e2en ndcate1 b" t+er a$$arent nconsstenc"1 t+at t+e" can be at best b)t
narro8 as$ects of so'e )nderl"n& la8 '$erfectl" dscerned. %ll t+s 8e
'a" all ad'tG D)st as 8e ad't t+e nadeE)ac"1 t+e con2entonalt"1 of
+)'an s$eec+ tself. ($eec+ cannot 'atc+ t+e 'eann& 8+c+ loo3s n an
+o)r of e'oton fro' t+e e"es of a frend. B)t 8+at 8e learn fro' t+at &aNe
s ndefnable and nco'')ncable. O)r race needed t+e s$o3en and 8rtten
8ord1 8t+ all ts baldness1 f t+e" 8ere to )nderstand eac+ ot+er and to
&ro8 to be 'en. (o 8t+ (cence as o$$osed to Int)ton. (cence for's a
lan&)a&e co''on to all 'an3ndG s+e can e#$lan +erself 8+en s+e s
's)nderstood and r&+t +erself 8+en s+e &oes 8ron&G nor +as +)'ant" "et
fo)nd1 at an" rate1 snce t+at &reat 8eddn& bet8een Reason and
E#$erence1 8+c+ ''ortalses t+e na'e of Galleo1t+at t+e 'et+ods of
(cence1 ntell&entl" and +onestl" follo8ed1 +a2e led )s n t+e end astra".
It s onl" n t+e re&on of nE)r" nto a s$rt)al 8orldI 'ean a 8orld
of ''ateral and "et nd2d)al realtest+at t+ese tr)s's are stll n
dan&er of ben& ta3en for $arado#es. %t once t+e nt'ate nterest and t+e
e#tre'e obsc)rt" of t+at n2est&aton +a2e lon& $re2ented t fro' ben&
3e$t f)ll" and farl" n t+at scentfc feld 8+ere 'an5s atte'$ts at all ot+er
3no8led&e are no8 collected and a$$rased. +ii,HOL- In t+er r)de
be&nnn&s1 no do)bt1 Rel&on and (cence 8ere ndstn&)s+able. T+e
sa2a&e obser2ed s)c+ scant" facts as +e co)ld &et at1 and tred to s+a$e bot+
+s $ractcal and +s s$rt)al lfe )$on t+at obser2aton. B)t +s need of a
t+eor" of t+e )nseen 8orld (to $)t +s 2a&)e +o$es and terrors nto o)r o8n
$+raseolo&") 8ent far be"ond 8+at +s scra$s of e#$erence co)ld teac+
+'. 6+at ')st I do to be sa2edW9 8as a E)eston to 8+c+ +e co)ld not
fnd1 "et 8o)ld not 8at for an ans8er. -e fell nto &rotesE)e fances1 8+c+
+s e#$erence dd not reall" s)$$ortG and t+e d2orce of Rel&on fro'
(cence at once be&an.
T+e s$rt)al need 8+c+ t+)s acted on t+e sa2a&e contn)es to act on t+e
c2lsed 'an. -e too s '$elled to b)ld +s fat+ on &ro)nds o)tsde +s
s$+ere of obser2aton1 to enlar&e t+e safe1 &eneral1 and $er'anent for')la
for rel&on n 2aro)s 'ore or less )nsafe1 s$ecalsed1 and transtor" 8a"s.
4or t sas alread" sada safe1 &eneral1 and $er'anent for')la for
rel&on f 8e re&ard t as 'an5s nor'al s)bDect2e res$onse to t+e s)' of
3no8n cos'c $+eno'ena ta3en as an ntell&ble 8+ole. :nder t+e ttle of
!at)ral Rel&on t+s for's at least an ele'ent n all t+e +&+er for's of
fat+. !e2ert+eless t s felt to be nadeE)ateG beca)se t+e obser2able
$+eno'ena of t+e :n2erse1 so far at least as t+e" +a2e "et been obser2ed1
+a2e not been s)c+ as to e2o3e (sa2e n so'e fe8 'nds) t+e f)ll +o$e1 t+e
f)ll de2oton 8+c+ o)r de2elo$ed nat)re "earns to feel. To l2e b" !at)ral
Rel&on alone +as been l3e l2n& on t)rn$s n t+e feld. /ost 'en
de'and t+er s$rt)al n)tr'ent n a 'ore ass'lable for'. T+e
$+loso$+cal or t+e $oetcal conte'$laton of !at)re +as not satsfed t+e'
n t+e $astG nor can t+e" +o$e t+at t+e scentfc conte'$laton of !at)re
8ll satsf" t+e' an" better no8. T+e" t)rn asde fro' t+e a'b&)o)s
$a&eant1 t+e crc)'s$ect scr)tn"G t+e" s$ecalse t+e na'e of Rel&on
)$on so'e clear1 s8ft1 e#traCscentfc 3no8led&e as to t+e dealn&s of
)nseen Po8ers 8t+ 'an3nd.
On s)c+ 3no8led&e1 or s)$$osed 3no8led&e1 t+e $eo$les of East and
6est +a2e sta"ed n 'an" fas+ons t+er so)l5s desreG b)t1 ne2ert+eless1 8e
all 3no8 too 8ell t+at e2en "et t+ere s no s$rt)al food attanable n t+e
$recse condton n 8+c+ t 8ll 'eet all +ealt+" needs. 6e are all forced
to feel t+at n t+e $resent d2ded and )nstable condton of belefs t+ere s
$la)sblt" n t+e %&nostc5s a$$eal to )s to +alt and 'ar3 t'eG n +s
nsstence t+at 8e +a2e not reall" e2dence1 )$ to 'odern standards1 8+c+
can s)$$ort an" defnte creed n 'atters re'ote fro' ordnar" 'et+ods of
$roof. (o'e 'en1 ndeed1 +a2e 2ent)red e#$lctl" to re$l" t+at C+rstan
4at+ need not be fo)nded on t+e sa'e 3nd of de'onstraton as (cenceG
t+at Tradton and Int)ton can 8ell s)$$l" +er o)t8ard for' and +er
n8ard &lo8. :r&ed a'on& t+ose 8+o +a2e ')c+ of consecrated tradton1
of noble nt)ton n co''on1 t+s +&+ cla' 'a" see' con2ncn& as t+e
&aNe of a frend. B)t t +as t+e ne2table 8ea3ness alread" ndcated.
Introd)ce ot+er $ersons of dfferent race b)t eE)all" sncere1 t+e B)dd+st1
t+e Parsee1 t+e 7e8na"1 t+e sant of scence1 l3e +ii,HOM- ,ar8nand
"o) can 'eet t+ese 'en no lon&er on t+e &ro)nd of C+rstan Tradton or
Int)ton"o) can 'eet t+e' on t+e &ro)nd of (cence alone. T+)s e2en
a'on& s$rt)all"C'nded 'en 8e see' forced bac3 nto t+e 2e8 t+at
(cence can be t+e onl" 8orldC$+loso$+" or 8orldCrel&onGt+e onl"
s"nt+ess of t+e :n2erse 8+c+1 +o8e2er '$erfect1 s bele2ed n semper,
ubique, et ab omnibus, b" all 8+o can )nderstand t.
T+s concl)son1 +o8e2er1 as alread" '$led1 at $resent satsfes
nobod". T+e C+rstan sa"s t+at t s 'ere 'oc3er" to $retend t+at (cence
can be t+e base of Rel&onG for t tells )s not+n& of t+e s$rt)al 8orld.
!at)rall"19 re$les t+e %&nostc1 +ardenn& nto /aterals'G snce t+ere
s no s$rt)al 8orld of 8+c+ to tell.9 T+e :n2erse19 cred Clfford
tr)'$+antl"19 s 'ade of et+er and ato's1 and t+ere s no roo' for &+osts19
(o soon1 +o8e2er1 as t+e 'an of scence ta3es t+s toneso soon as +e
$asses1 so to sa"1 fro' -)#le" to Clfford+e loses +s stron& $oston1 t+e
%&nostc5s raison dQXtre. Clfford +ad not reall" t)rned o2er +s ato's
t+oro)&+l" eno)&+ to 'a3e s)re t+at no &+ost 8as +dden a'on& t+e'. %s
nds$)tabl" as an" 8ors+$$er of /)'boC7)'bo +ad t+at ea&er tr)t+Clo2er
fra'ed an e'otonal s"nt+ess 8+c+ o)tran +s (cence.
Is1 t+en1 t+e $ass2t" of $)re %&nostcs' t+e attt)de 8t+ 8+c+ 8e
o)&+t to be contentW (gnoramus et ignorabimuss+o)ld t+s be t+e sn&le
cla)se of o)r creedW ()rel" t+at 8ere too ta'e a s)rrender to t+e ($+n# and
+er rddleG 8+c+1 n t+e old stor"1 t)rned o)t after all to be rat+er eas" to
&)ess. 6+" s+o)ld 8e not s'$l" tr" to fnd o)t ne8 facts +ere1 as 8e +a2e
fo)nd o)t ne8 facts e2er"8+ere else 8+ere 8e +a2e loo3ed for t+e'W 7)st
+ere 8e +a2e not loo3ed for t+e' "et1 beca)se net+er t+e $rests of o)r
rel&ons nor t+er crtcs +a2e tll no8 been ds$osed for t+e E)est. T+e
$rests +a2e t+o)&+t t safest to defend t+er o8n tradtons1 t+er o8n
nt)tons1 8t+o)t &on& afeld n searc+ of nde$endent e2dence of a
s$rt)al 8orld. T+er assalants +a2e 3e$t t+er $o8der and s+ot for t+e
ort+odo# ra'$arts1 &norn& an" solated stron&+olds 8+c+ for'ed no $art
of t+e 'an lne of defence.
T+s searc+ for ne8 facts s $recsel" 8+at o)r (ocet" )nderta3es.
(tartn& fro' 2aro)s stand$onts1 8e endea2o)r to carr" t+e ne8er1 t+e
ntellect)al 2rt)es nto re&ons 8+ere ds$assonate tranE)llt" +as seldo'
"et been 3no8n. %s co'$ared 8t+ t+e cla's of T+eolo&ans1 8e set before
o)rsel2es a +)'bler1 "et a dffc)lt tas3. 6e do not see3 to s+a$e t+e cla)ses
of t+e &reat %ct of 4at+1 b)t 'erel" to $ro2e ts $rea'ble. To prove the
preambe o$ a reigions/ to be able to sa" to t+eolo&an or to $+loso$+erJ
T+)s and t+)s 8e de'onstrate t+at a s$rt)al 8orld e#stsa 8orld of
nde$endent and abdn& realtes1 not a 'ere He$$+eno'enonI or transtor"
effect of t+e 'ateral 8orlda 8orld of t+n&s1 concrete and l2n&1 not a
'ere s"ste' of abstract deasG no81 t+erefore1 reason on t+at 8orld or feel
to8ards t as "o) 8ll.9 T+s +ii,HON- 8o)ld ndeed1 n '" 2e81 be t+e
8e&+test ser2ce 8+c+ an" researc+ co)ld render to t+e dee$ dsE)et of
o)r t'eGna"1 to t+e desiderium orbis cathoici, t+e 8orldCold and 8orldC
8de desre.
4rst1 t+en1 8e ado$t t+e ancent belef'$led n all 'onot+estc
rel&on1 and cons$c)o)sl" confr'ed b" t+e $ro&ress of 'odern scence
t+at t+e 8orld as a 8+ole1 s$rt)al and 'ateral to&et+er1 +as n so'e 8a" a
s"ste'atc )nt"G and on t+s 8e base t+e no2el $res)'$ton t+at t+ere
s+o)ld be a )nt" of 'et+od n t+e n2est&aton of all fact. 6e +old
t+erefore t+at t+e attt)de1 t+e +abts of 'nd1 t+e 'et+ods1 b" ad of 8+c+
$+"scal scence +as &ro8n dee$ and 8de1 s+o)ld be a$$led also to t+e
s$rt)al 8orld. 6e endea2o)r to a$$roac+ t+e $roble's of t+at 8orld b"
caref)l collecton1 scr)tn"1 testn&1 of $artc)lar factsG and 8e acco)nt no
)ne#$laned fact too tr2al for o)r attenton. (ee3n& 3no8led&e before
edfcaton1 8e a' not at 8+at 8e s+o)ld 'ost l3e to learn1 b)t at 8+at 8e
+a2e t+e best c+ance of learnn&G 8e dabble a'on& be&&arl" ele'entsG 8e
be&n at t+e be&nnn&.
Into t+s fra'e of 'nd t+e lon& +abt of o)r race n 'atters rel&o)s +as
'ade t dffc)lt f)ll" to enter. I +a2e fo)nd t +el$f)l to 'a&ne 8+at
8o)ld be t+e $roced)re of so'e e#traneo)s nE)rer nto t+e nat)re and fate
of 'enso'e nE)rer e#e'$t fro' t+er +o$es1 t+er fears1 t+er
$res)$$ostons.
Let )s s)$$ose1 t+en1 t+at a s$ectator of all t'e and all e#stence19 a
3nd of 'nor Cos'ot+eor)s1 as Plato '&+t call +'1 8ere s$ec)latn&
fro' t+e stand$ont of t+s $lanet1 as to 8+at 8as l3el" to be t+e tr)e
$oston of t+e +)'an race n t+e sc+e'e of t+e :n2erse. ()c+ an obser2er
8o)ld be co'$elled to start fro' t+e facts before +'. -e 8o)ld be&n +s
n2est&aton1 t+erefore1 not 8t+ God b)t 8t+ 'an. -e 8o)ld anal"se t+e
fac)ltes of 8+c+ +e fo)nd 'an $ossessed1 and 8o)ld nfer n 8+at
en2ron'ent t+e" 8ere des&ned to o$erateGof 8+at s"ste'1 t+at s to sa"1
of cos'c la8s1 e#$ressn& a s$ecal 'odfcaton of t+e )lt'ate ener&"1 t+e
ener&" contaned n t+e +)'an race for'ed an nte&ral ele'ent. -s frst
dsco2er" 8o)ld be t+at t+e ob2o)s 'ateral en2ron'ent1 8+c+ s all t+at
'ost 'en 3no81 does not e#+a)st t+e fac)ltes nor co2er t+e $+eno'ena of
+)'an lfe. /ost of 'an5s senses1 ndeed1 +e co)ld e#$lan as concerned
solel" 8t+ 'atter. (&+t +e co)ld not t+)s e#$lanG and t+e st)d" of l&+t
8o)ld lead +' to dsco2er t+e et+eral en2ron'ent1a s"ste' of la8s1
t+at s to sa"1 8+c+1 8+le f)nda'entall" contn)o)s 8t+ t+e la8s of
'atter1 does "et s)$$l" a ne8 conce$ton of t+e Cos'os1 at once 'ore
&eneralsed and 'ore $rofo)nd. B)t stll t+e central $roble' of 'an5s ben&
8o)ld re'an )nsol2ed. Lfe and t+o)&+t co)ld not be referred to t+e
8or3n& et+er of a&&re&ated 'olec)les or of et+eral )nd)latons. To
e#$lan Lfe b" t+ese t8o en2ron'ents 8o)ld be as '$ossble as t +ad
been to e#$lan L&+t b" t+e 'ateral en2ron'ent alone. /&+t t+ere not be
"et anot+er en2ron'ent1metetheria, s$rt)al1 8+at "o) 8llW 6as t+ere
an" 8a" of +ii,HOO- red)cn& t+s 2ast and 2a&)e $roble' of Lfe to
'ana&eable defntenessW 6ere t+ere 'eas)rable traces of +)'an fac)lt"
8or3n& n a$$arent nde$endence of 'ateral or et+eral la8W ()c+ traces1
f +e so)&+t lon& eno)&+1 I 'antan t+at +e 8o)ld ass)redl" fnd. -e 8o)ld
fnd (as 8e +a2e fo)nd) nstances of telFst+esa1 or $erce$ton be"ond t+e
sensor" ran&eG nstances of tele$at+"1 or drect co'')ncaton fro' 'nd to
'ndGna"1 tele$at+c 'essa&es fro' t+e soCcalled deadGs&ns and
a$$artons b" 8+c+ 'nds dscarnate '$ressed t+e'sel2es )$on 'nds
stll robed n fles+. -o8 far t+e et+er1 n so'e of ts )n3no8n $ro$ertes1
'a" be concerned n t+ese o$eratons1 o)r Cos'ot+eor)s '&+t be better
able to &)ess t+an 8e. To +'1 $er+a$s1 no en2ron'ent 8o)ld see'
dscontn)o)s 8t+ an" ot+er en2ron'ent. B)t1 at an" rate1 +ere 8o)ld be
defnte traces of a ne8 en2ron'ent of Lfe and T+o)&+tG traces of t+e
')t)al acton of 'nds1 e'boded and )ne'boded1 n a$$arent
nde$endence of 'atter.
I ')st not +ere follo8 o)r 'a&ned nE)rer f)rt+erG b)t s)rel" 8e lea2e
+' la)nc+ed )$on a seres of obser2atons and e#$er'ents 8+c+ +a2e no
n+erent fla8 n t+er bass1 and no ass&nable l't to t+er sco$e.
I +a2e d8elt at so'e len&t+ )$on t+s lne of ar&)'ent1 beca)se I t+n3
t+at1 n so'e for' or ot+er1 t s o)r d)t" to +a2e t al8a"s fort+co'n&1 o)r
d)t" to set t before t+e 8orld n 2ar"n& e#$resson1 )ntl o)r a&e s reall"
con2nced t+at t+s &reat branc+ of 3no8led&e1 8+c+ deals 8t+ t+n&s
)nseen1 can for' no e#ce$ton to t+ose r)les b" 8+c+ e#$erence s+o8s )s
t+at all 2ald 3no8led&e +as +t+erto been 8on. (o confdent1 ndeed1 do I
feel n t+s &rad)al b)t certan 'et+od of a$$roac+n t+s o$en1
)nfreE)ented 8a"t+at e2en f t +ad t+)s far faled to lead )s to an"
dsco2er"1 I s+o)ld feel bo)nd to $)rs)e t stll. B)t t +as not faled. T+s
$ersstent anal"ss of )ne#$lored fac)lt" +as re2ealed to )s alread" far 'ore
t+an I1 for one1 +ad e2er dared to +o$e. I 'a" s)rel" sa" 8t+ no 'ore t+an
t+e lcensed e#a&&eraton of e$&ra'1 t+at o)r 'et+od +as re2ealed to )s a
+dden 8orld 8t+n )s1 and t+at t+s +dden 8orld 8t+n )s +as re2ealed to
)s an n2sble 8orld 8t+o)t.
6t+n eac+ 'an1 I sa"1 t+ere s a 8orld of t+o)&+t and of $erce$ton
8+c+ les o)tsde t+e 'ar&n1 beneat+ t+e t+res+old1 dee$er t+an t+e
s)rfaceCtenson of +s consco)s ben&.
6e 8ere t+e frst t+at e2er b)rst
Into t+at slent sea.9
6e at an" rate 8ere a'on& t+e earlest to atte'$t to e#$lore and 'a$
o)t t+at stran&e1 s)b'er&ed re&on+alf l)'berCroo' and +alf 3n&5sC
treas)r"8+ere a'd t+n&s o)t8orn le t+n&s )nborn1 and $ossbltes of
o)r )n'a&nable 4)t)re l)r3 a'on& t+e e#)2F of o)r ''e'orable Past.
%nd "et n t+s conf)son all s '$lctl" con&r)o)s and consec)t2eG eac+
trace of fac)lt"1 8+et+er t le be+nd o)r act)al sta&e of +ii,IPP- $ro&ress or
before1 belon&s to a seres of de2elo$'ents of $ersonalt" 8+ose ter's +a2e
no ass&nable l'tGa seres 8+c+ carres )s on8ard 8t+o)t a brea31
fro' drea' and +all)cnaton and be8lder'ent1 )$ to t+e )tterances of
dscarnate s$rts and t+e 2sons of ecstas".
4or1 n tr)t+1 fro' t+e 'nd5s n8ard 2son 8e 'a" learn 'ore t+an
fro' t+e seen& of t+e e"eG fro' n8ard a)dton 'ore t+an fro' t+e +earn&
of t+e ear. T+e automatisms 8+c+ steal t+er 8a" )$8ard fro' +dden
de$t+s to 'anfestaton a'd 'an5s sensor" $erce$tons and 2ol)ntar" acts
are fo)nd on anal"ss to contan ele'ents of 3no8led&e not attanable n an"
nor'al fas+on. ()c+ 3no8led&e s s+o8n n tele$at+c 'essa&es bet8een
l2n& 'en1 and n a$$artons 8+c+ tell of 'en d"n&1 and n e2dental
'essa&es fro' 'en 8+o' 8e call dead. %ll t+sn &hantasms o$ the
.iving and n fo)rteen 2ol)'es of &roceedingsI cla' t+at 8e +a2e
adeE)atel" s+o8n. %nd of late "ears 8e +a2e ad2anced and consoldated
t+ese fra&'entar" and f)&t2e ndcatons of t+e s$rt5s s)r22al b" certan
records of tranceC$+eno'ena and s$rtC$ossessonGrecords as "et
nc+oate and '$erfect1 "et 8+c+ ')st needs be faced and dealt 8t+ b" all
sero)s 'en.
B)t +ere I ')st needs sta" a 'o'ent to $re2ent an" 's)nderstandn&.
T+ro)&+o)t t+s address1 of co)rse1 I a' s$ea3n& for '"self alone. I a' not
&2n& )tterance to an" collect2e 2e81 b)t to '" o8n 2e8 of t+e &eneral
drft and res)lt of o)r collect2e acton. B)t at t+s $ont I 3no8 t+at 'ost
e2en of t+ose 8+o 'a" +a2e &one 8t+ 'e t+)s far 8lland E)te
D)stfabl"s)s$end t+er ad+eson. 4e8 e2en of '" o8n collea&)es +a2e
+ad f)ll reason to bele2e t+at 'atter of real '$ortance +as "et been
rece2ed fro' be+nd t+e 2el1 and n t+e 8orld at lar&e t+e &eneral
'$resson t+at e2en t+ose 'essa&es 8+c+ loo3 e2dentall" as t+o)&+ t+e"
+ad co'e fro' dscarnate s$rts are "et $ractcall" f)tle and nco+erent s
stron&l" and nat)rall" o$erat2e n c+ec3n& $)blc nterest n 8+at see's so
stran&el" baffln& a researc+.
I 8ll not no8 $rotest1 as I '&+t $rotest1 a&anst t+e acc)rac" of t+s
&eneral '$resson of t+e act)al facts. %cce$tn& t for t+e sa3e of ar&)'ent1
I 8ll confne '"self to one s'$le lne of a priori reasonn&1 8+c+ see's
to 'e s)ffcent to s+o8 8+at1 n t+e s)$$osed case1 s o)r $lan1 scentfc
d)t". I sa"1 t+en1 t+at f once t be ad'tted1as 8e are no8 ass)'n&1 for
ar&)'ent5s sa3e1 t+at t s ad'tted1t+at t s e2dentall" $robable t+at
so'e of t+ese 'essa&es do ndeed1 n +o8e2er ndrect or conf)sed a
'anner1 e'anate fro' an )nseen 8orld1t+en t s a blas$+e'" a&anst t+e
fat+ of (cence to do)bt t+at t+e" ')st )lt'atel" $ro2e to be of sero)s1 of
s)$re'e '$ortance.
T+e fat+ to 8+c+ (cence s s8orn s a fat+ n t+e )nfor't"1 t+e
co+erence1 t+e ntell&blt" of1 at an" rate1 t+e 'ateral )n2erse. (cence
+erself s b)t t+e $ractcal de2elo$'ent of t+s '&+t" $ost)late. %nd f an"
$+eno'enon on 8+c+ s+e c+ances on +er on8ard 8a" see's arbtrar"1 or
nco+erent1 or )nntell&ble1 s+e does not t+erefore s)$$ose +ii,IPG- t+at
s+e +as co'e )$on an )nra2elled end n t+e te#t)re of t+n&sG b)t rat+er
ta3es for &ranted t+at a ratonal ans8er to t+e ne8 $roble' ')st so'e8+ere
e#stGan ans8er 8+c+ 8ll be all t+e 'ore nstr)ct2e beca)se t 8ll
n2ol2e facts of 8+c+ t+at frst E)eston ')st +a2e faled to ta3e d)e
acco)nt.
T+s fat+ n t+e )nfor't" of 'ateral !at)re for')lates tself n t8o
&reat do&'as1for s)c+ t+e" areGt+e do&'a of t+e Conser2aton of
/atter1 and t+e do&'a of t+e Conser2aton of Ener&". Of t+e Conser2aton
of /atter1 8t+n eart+l" l'ts1 8e are farl" 8ell ass)redG b)t of t+e
Conser2aton of Ener&" t+e $roof s far less co'$lete1 s'$l" beca)se
Ener&" s a conce$ton 8+c+ does not belon& to t+e 'ateral 8orld alone.
Lfe s to )s t+e 'ost '$ortant of all for's of act2t"Gof ener&"1 I 8o)ld
sa"1e#ce$t t+at 8e cannot transfor' ot+er ener&es nto Lfe1 nor 'eas)re
n footC$o)nds t+at drect2e force 8+c+ +as c+an&ed t+e face of t+e 8orld.
Lfe co'es 8e 3no8 not 8+enceG t 2ans+es 8e 3no8 not 8+t+erG t s
nterloc3ed 8t+ a 'o2n& s"ste' 2aster t+an t+at 8e 3no8. To &ras$ t+e
8+ole of ts 'anfestaton 8e s+o)ld +a2e to follo8 t nto an )nseen 8orld.
Yet scentfc fat+ bds )s bele2e t+at t+ere1 too1 t+ere s contn)t"G and
t+at t+e $ast and t+e f)t)re of t+at force 8+c+ 8e dscern for a 'o'ent are
stll s)bDect to )n2ersal La8.
Bele2n&1 t+en1 t+at t+e 8+ole Cos'os s s)c+ as to satsf" t+e cla's of
+)'an Reason1 8e are rresstbl" led to as3 8+et+er t satsfes ot+er cla's
of o)r nat)re 8+c+ are as '$ero)s as Reason tself. Infnte Intell&ence
8o)ld see t+e Cos'os as nfntel" ntell&entG b)t 8o)ld nfnte Goodness
also see t as nfntel" &oodW
6e 3no8 too 8ell t+e standn& dffc)ltes n t+e 8a" of s)c+ an
ass)'$ton. T+e" are t+at 8+c+ 8e call E2l1 and t+at 8+c+ 8e see as
,eat+. !o8 as to E2l18+c+ for )s +ere and no8 see's so neffaceable a
blot on t+e dea of O'n$otence18e can $er+a$s ne2ert+eless D)st
conce2e t+at for t+e Cos'ot+eor)s all t+ese defects and nco'$atbltes of
+)'an '$)lse and sensblt" 'a" see' as relat2el" nfntes'al n t+e
)n'a&nable ()' of T+n&s1 as for )s are t+e 8+rl and clas+n& of
'olec)les n t+e de8dro$1 8+c+ cannot 'ar for o)r 2son ts cr"stallne
cal'.
B)t death, as t $resents tself to )s1 cannot be s'larl" e#$laned a8a".
If t be reall"1 as t see's1 a s+eer tr)ncaton of 'oral $ro&ress1 absol)te
al3e for t+e nd2d)al and for t+e race1t+en an" +)'an conce$ton of a
'oral )n2erse ')st s'$l" be &2en )$. 6e are s+)t n landCloc3ed $oolsG
8+" s$ea3 to )s of an nfnte seaW
6+at1 t+en1 s+o)ld be t+e '$)lse1 8+at t+e fat+ of (cence1 f s+e fnds
e2en t+e least reason to s)s$ect t+at t+s tr)ncaton s n fact ll)sor"G t+at on
t+e 'oral sde also t+ere s conser2aton and $ersstenceGconser2aton not
onl" of s)c+ et+erC2ortces as 8e ass)'e to )nderle o)r 2sble 'atter1 b)t
of t+e s$rt)al s"ste's or s"nt+eses +ii,IPH- 8+c+ )nderle t+e
$ersonaltes of 'enW$ersstence not onl" of cr)de transfor'able
ener&es1 b)t of t+ose s$ecfc nonCtransfor'able ener&es 8+c+ nfor' a
Plato or a !e8ton1 and 8+c+ see' t+e onl" co''ens)rate obDect to8ards
8+c+ t+e 8+ole $rocess of e2ol)ton can tendW ()rel" n s)c+ a case1
8+ate2er drea'ness or conf)son 'a" 'ar3 t+e o$enn& of nterco)rse
8t+ 8orlds ndefntel" re'ote1 (cence s+o)ld s)''on all +er
f)nda'ental tr)st n t+e co+erence1 t+e ntell&blt" of t+n&s1 to ass)re +er
t+at t+e drea'ness ')st $ass and t+e conf)son clear1 and t+at t+e 2erest
r)d'ent of co'')ncaton bet8een 8orld and 8orld bears "et t+e $ro'se
of co'$letn& and cons)''atn& +er o8n '&+t" do&'as1of effectn& a
)nfcaton of t+e )n2erse s)c+ as s+e +as ne2er 2ent)red to +o$e tll no8W
6+at are o)r $ett" +)'an $reconce$tons 8ort+ n s)c+ a case as t+sW If t
8as abs)rd to ref)se to lsten to Re$ler1 beca)se +e bade t+e $lanets 'o2e
n no $erfect crcles1 b)t n )nd&nfed ell$sesGbeca)se +e +astened and
slac3ened fro' +o)r to +o)r 8+at o)&+t to be a +ea2enl" bod"5s deal and
)n8a2ern& s$eedGs t not abs)rder stll to ref)se to lsten to t+ese 2oces
fro' afar1 beca)se t+e" co'e sta''ern& and 8andern& as n a drea'
conf)sedl"1 nstead of 8t+ a tr)'$et5s callW beca)se s$rts t+at bend n&+
to eart+ 'a" )nder&o1 $er+a$s1 an eart+l" be8lder'ent1 and s)ffer
)n3no8n l'tatons1 and +alf re'e'ber )s and +alf for&etW
!a"Z n t+e end t s not for )s to c+ooseG8e needs ')st Don n t+s
co'')non 8t+ 8+at &race 8e 'a". 6e cannot1 f 8e 8o)ld1 transfor'
o)rsel2es nto t+e 'ere c"ncal s$ectators of an rratonal )n2erse. 6e are
$art and $arcel of t+ese ncredble $+eno'enaG o)r o8n so)ls s+all soon be
feeln& t+e sa'e attracton1 t+e sa'e +estanc"1 )$on t+e f)rt+er s+ore.
I a' t+e do)bter and t+e do)bt1
%nd I t+e son& t+e Bra+'an sn&s.9
Let )s do 8+at 8e can1 t+en1 to d&nf" t+e st)aton. Let )s tr"1 t+en1
8+et+er a 'ore sero)s res$onse on o)r $art 'a" enable t+e senders of t+e
'essa&es to s$ea3 8t+ clearer 2oce. To 8+ose care ndeed +as s)c+
res$onse been +t+erto for t+e 'ost $art leftW /a" not t+e nstances 8+ere
adeE)ate $reca)tons +a2e been ta3en1 adeE)ate record 'ade1 be co)nted on
t+e fn&ers of one +andW /&+t not o)r )nseen corres$ondents t)rn t+e
tables on )s 8+en 8e co'$lan of t+er nca$act"1 and as3 8+et+er t 8as
8ort+ 8+le to do better for t+e do'estc ')ffs9 of /'e. Bla2ats3"5s farC
fa'ed c;nace, or for t+e stters at t+e 'ateralsaton sUances9 of t+e
Va'$res of Onset9W
%ss)redl" 8e 'odern 'en +a2e ta3en1 n ot+er E)arters1 'ore tro)ble
t+an +ere s needed1 8t+ far less +o$e of re8ard. 6+at +as &2en ts 8ort+
to t+e st)d" of co'$arat2e rel&ons e#ce$t o)r stead" effort to co'$re+end
and to coCordnate s)c+ c+lds+ and sta''ern& )tterances as +a2e 'ar3ed
t+e rse n one naton after anot+er of t+ose s$rt)al needs +ii,IPI- and
conce$tons 8+c+ 'a3e n t+e end t+e tr)est )nt" of t+e race of 'anW
6+at s+o)ld 8e +a2e learnt fro' t+e Vedas1 fro' t+e Boo3 of t+e ,ead
na"1 fro' t+e C+rstan records t+e'sel2es+ad 8e a$$roac+ed t+ose
sacred te#ts n t+e s$rt alternatel" of ('$le ('on and of VoltareW
T+e t'e1 I t+n31 s r$e for a &eneralsaton 8der t+an an" 8+c+ t+ose
ancent boo3s contan. 4or D)st as a 3nd of s$rt)al f)son of E)ro$e )nder
Ro'an s8a" $re$ared t+e 8a" for C+rstant" to beco'e t+e E)ro$ean
rel&on1 so no8 also t see's to 'e t+at a &ro8n& conce$ton of t+e )nt"1
t+e soldart"1 of t+e +)'an race s $re$arn& t+e 8a" for a 8orldCrel&on
8+c+ e#$resses and rests )$on t+at soldart"G8+c+ conce2es t n a
f)ller1 'ore 2tal fas+on t+an et+er Post2st or Cat+olc +ad e2er
drea'ed. 4or t+e ne8 conce$ton s net+er of benefactors dead and done
for1 ns$rn& )s a)to'atcall" fro' t+er dates n an al'anac1 nor of
s+ado8" sants 'a&ned to ntercede for )s at Trb)nals 'ore s+ado8"
stllGb)t rat+er of a +)'an )nt"1closeCln3ed beneat+ an )n3no8n
(8a"18+eren e2er" 'an 8+o +at+ been or no8 s 'a3es a l2n&
ele'entGnalenabl" ncor$orate1 and '$ers+abl" coCo$erant1 and DontC
n+ertor of one nfnte -o$e.
Of co)rse1 I a' not +ere s)$$osn& t+at an" +)'an &aNe can $erce
dee$l" nto t+e 8orld )nseen. ()c+ co'')non as 8e 'a" +old 8t+ s$rts
n an" de&ree co'$arable 8t+ o)rsel2es ')st needs be on a le2el far
beneat+ t+e lo8est of T+rones1 ,o'natons1 Prncedo's1 Vrt)es1
Po8ers9na"1 ')st be n t+e 2er" 2estb)le and antec+a'ber of t+e
o)ter'ost of t+e co)rts of -ea2en. T+ese so)ls of o)rs are b)t in$antum
anim $entes in imine primo/t+e frst and +)'blest consco)s ln3s n a
8onderf)l orderGtre'bln& stll and +alfCbe8ldered at a f)t)re 2aster t+an
8e 3no8. I do not $res)'e to forecast 8+at 8e 'a" co'e n t'e to learnG I
onl" sa" t+at for t+e $resent +o)r t+ere 8ll be eno)&+ of 'ot2e to )r&e )s
to )t'ost effort to rse n t+e scale of ben&1 f 8e can once be certan t+at
s)c+ noble s$rts as 8e +a2e 3no8n b" eart+l" nterco)rse or eart+l" record
do stll concern t+e'sel2es 8t+ o)r $ro&ress1 and stll fro' t+er +&+er
2anta&eC&ro)nd call to )s t+at all s 8ell.
/en obDected of old to Co$ernc)s t+at f o)r eart+ reall" s8e$t ro)nd
t+e s)n n so 2ast an orbt1 t+ere s+o)ld be an a$$arent ds$lace'enta
$aralla#n t+e $oston of t+e f#ed stars. ()c+ $aralla# 8as lon& so)&+t n
2anG tll at last ad2ancn& s3ll detected t n so'e fe8 stars nearer t+an t+e
restG and o)r relaton to t+ese near l)'nares $ro2ed to )s o)r 2ertable
2o"a&e t+ro)&+ t+e starCstre8n dee$. Per+a$s n t+e s$rt)al 8orld as 8ell
8e +a2e straned o)r &aNe too e#cl)s2el" on l)'nares t+at are be"ond t+e
$arallactc l'tG and e"es t)rned steadl" on so'e nearer br&+tness 'a"
teac+ )s at last o)r 3ns+$ and co'')nt" n t+e fr'a'ent of so)ls.
!ot1 t+en1 8t+ tears and la'entatons s+o)ld 8e t+n3 of t+e blessed
dead. Rat+er 8e s+o)ld reDoce 8t+ t+e' n t+er enfranc+se'ent1 and +ii,
IPJ- 3no8 t+at t+e" are stll 'nded to 3ee$ )s as s+arers n t+er Do". It s
t+e"1 not 8e1 8+o are 8or3n& no8G t+e" are 'ore read" to +ear t+an 8e to
$ra"G t+e" &)de )s as 8t+ a clo)d" $llar1 b)t t s 3ndln& nto steadfast
fre.
!a"1 t 'a" be t+at o)r res$onse1 o)r de2oton1 s a needf)l ele'ent n
t+er ascendn& Do"G and God 'a" +a2e $ro2ded so'e better t+n& for )s1
t+at t+e" 8t+o)t )s s+o)ld not be 'ade $erfectGut non sine nobis
consummarentur.
To 'ost of '" +earers I do)bt not t+at t+s forecast of a co'n&
coo$eraton bet8een ncarnate and dscarnate s$rts 8ll +a2e see'ed
s$ec)lat2e and $re'at)re. /" defence s t+at I bele2e t+at )$on o)r o8n
attt)de to8ards t+ese nascent co'')ncatons t+er $ro&ress and
de2elo$'ent de$end1 so t+at 8e cannot too soon drect sero)s attenton to
t+e +&+ res$onsbltes o$enn& on o)r 2e8. %nd no8 "et anot+er $ractcal
E)eston s read"1 I t+n31 for ''edate dsc)sson. %ll &reat c+an&es n
s$ec)lat2e belef ')st 'odf" n so'e 8a" 'an5s ''edate d)t". In 8+at
8a" ')st o)r dea of d)t" be 'odfed1 be e#$anded1 f a rel&on s offered
to )s 8+c+ no lon&er de$ends on tradton and nt)ton onl"1 b)t on reason
also and on e#$er'entG 8+c+ s not loc3ed a8a" n an e'otonal
co'$art'ent of o)r ben&1 nor ada$ted to t+e &en)s of s$ecal races alone1
b)t s Qc)'encal as (cence s Qc)'encal1 s e2ol)tonar" as (cence s
e2ol)tonar"1 and rests on a $er'anent and $ro2able relatons+$ of t+e
8+ole s$rt)al to t+e 8+ole 'ateral 8orldW
!o f)ll ans8er to s)c+ a E)eston can as "et be atte'$ted or d2ned.
B)t one $ont s clearGand on t+at $ont t s alread" )r&entl" necessar" to
nsst. 6e ')st 'antan1 n old t+eolo&cal lan&)a&e1 t+at the inteectua
virtues have no# become necessary to savation. C)rost"1 cando)r1 careG
t+ese are t+e ntellect)al 2rt)esGdsnterested c)rost"1 )nselfs+ cando)r1
)nre'ttn& care. T+ese 2rt)es +a2e &ro8n )$ o)tsde t+e ecclesastcal
$aleG (cence1 not Rel&on1 +as fostered t+e'Gna"1 Rel&on +as +eld
t+e' scarcel" consstent 8t+ t+at $o)s s$rt 8+c+ +o$es to learn b"
+)'lt" and obedence t+e secrets of an )nseen 8orld. -ere s)rel" o)r ne8
deals s)&&est not o$$oston b)t f)son. To )s as tr)l" as to 'on3 or
anc+orte t+e s$rt)al 8orld s an nt'ate1 an nter$enetratn& realt". B)t
ts 2er" realt" s)&&ests t+e need of anal"ss1 t+e rs3 of 'snter$retatonG
t+e 2er" fact t+at 8e +a2e o)t&ro8n o)r sacerdotal s8addln&Cclot+es bds
)s learn to 8al3 8arl" a'on& $tfalls 8+c+ call for all t+e $reca)tons t+at
s"ste'atc reason can de2se.
:$on a ne8 sc+e'e of belefs1 attract2e to t+e $o$)lar 'nd as t+e
sc+e'e 8+c+ I $ref&)re1 a s8ar' of folles and cred)ltes ')st ne2tabl"
$erc+ and settle. Yet let t+ose 8+o 'oc3 at t+e 8ea3nesses of 'odern
($rt)als'9 as3 t+e'sel2es to 8+at e#tent et+er ort+odo# rel&on or
offcal scence +as been at $ans to &)ard t+e $o$)lar 'nd a&anst losn&
balance )$on contact 8t+ ne8 facts1 $rofo)ndl" b)t +ii,IPK- obsc)rel"
s&nfcant. -a2e t+e $eo$le5s rel&o)s nstr)ctors traned t+e' to
n2est&ate for t+e'sel2esW -a2e t+er scentfc nstr)ctors condescended to
n2est&ate for t+e'W 6+o s+o)ld teac+ t+e' to a$$l" to t+er ns$ratonal
s$ea3ers9 an" test 'ore searc+n& t+an t+e" +a2e been acc)sto'ed to a$$l"
to t+e ser'ons of $rest or bs+o$W 6+at scentfc 'an)al +as told t+e'
eno)&+ of t+e +dden $o8ers 8t+n t+e' to $re2ent t+e' fro' ascrbn& to
s$rt)al a&enc" 8+ate2er 'ental acton t+er ordnar" consco)sness 'a"
fal to reco&nse as ts o8nW
T+e ran3 and fle of ($rtsts +a2e s'$l" transferred to certan ne8
do&'asfor 'ost of 8+c+ t+e" at least +a2e so'e co'$re+ensble
e2dencet+e )ncrtcal fat+ 8+c+ t+e" 8ere act)all" co''ended for
besto8n& on certan old do&'as1for 'an" of 8+c+ t+e e2dence 8as at
least be"ond t+er co'$re+enson. In s)c+ a case rdc)le s no re'ed". T+e
re'ed" les1 as I +a2e sad1 n nc)lcatn& t+e ntellect)al 2rt)esGn
teac+n& t+e 'ass of 'an3nd t+at t+e 'a#'s of t+e 'odern savant are at
least as necessar" to sal2aton as t+e 'a#'s of t+e 'edae2al sant.
!o8 +ere1 I ta3e t1 les t+e s$ecal1 t+e c+aracterstc d)t" of t+e (ocet"
for Ps"c+cal Researc+. It s a d)t" far 8der t+an t+e 'ere e#$os)re of
fra)dG far 8der t+an t+e 'ere $rod)cton of s$ec'ens of $atent and
ntell&ent n2est&aton. O)r d)t" s not t+e fo)ndn& of a ne8 sect1 nor
e2en t+e establs+'ent of a ne8 scence1 b)t s rat+er t+e e#$anson of
(cence +erself )ntl s+e can satsf" t+ose E)estons 8+c+ t+e +)'an +eart
8ll r&+tl" as31 b)t to 8+c+ Rel&on alone +as t+)s far atte'$ted an
ans8er. Or rat+er1 t+s s t+e d)t"1 t+e 'sson1 of t+e co'n& cent)r"5s
leaders of s$rt)al t+o)&+t. O)r o8n 'ore s$ecal d)t" s to offer t+ro)&+
an a&e of transton 'ore 'o'ento)s t+an 'an3nd +as e2er 3no8n1 t+at
+el$ n stead"n& and st')latn& $s"c+cal researc+ all o2er t+e 8orld
8+c+ o)r collect2e e#$erence s+o)ld enable )s rc+l" to besto8. ()c+
f)ncton ought, I sa"1 to be o)rs ndeed. 6e alone +a2e ta3en t+e frst ste$s
to deser2e t. I see o)r or&nal $ro&ra''e co'$letel" D)stfed. I see o)r
raison dQXtre nds$)tabl" establs+ed. I see all t+n&s co'n& to $ass as 8e
foresa8. 6+at I do not see1 alasZ s an ener&" and ca$act" of o)r o8n1
s)ffcent for o)r 8denn& d)t"Geno)&+ of labo)rers for t+e 2ne"ard so
r$e for +ar2est. ($ea3n&1 f so I 'a"1 for t+e re'nant of t+at s'all
co'$an" of labo)rers of t+e frst +o)r of t+e da"1 I ')st confess t+at o)r
stren&t+1 at least1 cannot s)ffce for t+e e#$andn& tas3Gna"1 co)ld not so
s)ffce1 e2en f Ed')nd G)rne" 8ere 8t+ )s stllGnon, si ipse meus nunc
ad$oret 'ector. Ot+er 8or3ers1 &ood 'en and tr)e1 +a2e Doned t+e'sel2es
to )sGb)t 8e +a2e need of 'an" 'ore. 6e n2te t+e' fro' eac+
de$art'ent of scence1 fro' e2er" sc+ool of t+o)&+t. 6t+ eE)al confdence
8e a$$eal for coo$eraton to savant and to sant.
To t+e savant 8e $ont o)t t+at 8e are not tr"n& to $c3 +oles n t+e
order of !at)re1 b)t rat+er1 b" t+e scr)tn" of resd)al $+eno'ena1 +ii,IPL-
to &et nearer to t+e or&n and o$eraton of !at)re5s central '"ster" of Lfe.
/en 8+o realse t+at t+e et+eral en2ron'ent 8as dsco2ered "esterda"1
need not dee' t '$ossble t+at a 'etet+eral en2ron'ent"et anot+er
o'n$resent s"ste' of cos'c la8s+o)ld be dsco2ered to'orro8. T+e
onl" 2ald a priori $res)'$ton n t+e 'atter s t+e $res)'$ton t+at t+e
:n2erse s nfnte n an nfnte n)'ber of 8a"s.
To t+e C+rstan 8e can s$ea3 8t+ a stll 'ore drect a$$eal. Yo)
bele2e19 I 8o)ld sa"1 t+at a s$rt)al 8orld e#sts1 and t+at t acted on t+e
'ateral 8orld t8o t+o)sand "ears a&o. ()rel" t s so actn& stllZ !a"1 "o)
bele2e t+at t is so actn& stllG for "o) bele2e t+at $ra"er s +eard and
ans8ered. To bele2e t+at $ra"er s +eard s to bele2e n tele$at+"1n t+e
drect nfl)ence of 'nd on 'nd. To bele2e t+at $ra"er s ans8ered s to
bele2e t+at )ne'boded s$rt does act)all" 'odf" (e2en f not stor'C
clo)d or $la&)eC&er') at least t+e 'nds1 and t+erefore t+e brans1 of l2n&
'en. 4ro' t+at belef t+e 'ost ad2anced H$s"c+calI t+eores are eas"
corollares. Yo) 'a" re$l"1 ndeed1 t+at t+e C+)rc+ or t+e Bble +as told
'en all of t+e )nseen 8orld t+at t+e" need to 3no81 and t+at 8+atsoe2er s
'ore t+an t+s co'et+ of e2l. 6+at sa" "o) to t+s ar&)'ent 8+en t s
retorted on "o) b" O'ar 8t+ +s RoranW9
B)t let )s cease to s$ea3 as t+o)&+ t+e nfnte :nseen 6orld 8ere a
'ere $reser2e or battle&ro)nd of t+eolo&es. If e2er" do&'a e2er
$ro')l&ated fro' t+e Vatcan 8ere lteral tr)t+1 (cence 8o)ld stll affr'
t+at scarcel" an"t+n& of t+at 8orld 8as 3no8n. If Rel&on be 'ore t+an
t+e &)ess of a 8or' n t+e d)st1 and t+e s+ado8 of ts desre19 t ')st be (I
sa" once 'ore) t+e s$rt5s nor'al ans8er to obDect2e fact. T+e Cos'os s
8+at t s1 and Re2elaton can do no 'ore t+an re2eal t. -olness tself ')st
be t+e reflecton of a realt" be+nd t+e 2el. If t+s be so1 t+en (cence +as
co'e not to destro" b)t to f)lflG Rel&on ')st needs e2ol2e nto
Rno8led&eG for Rel&on can n no a&e ad't an a' narro8er t+an t+e
$ra"er of Cleant+es1t+e 8lln& res$onse of t+e so)l to all s+e 3no8s of
cos'c la8.
O)t of t+e lon& (tone %&e o)r race s a8a3enn& nto consco)sness of
tself. 6e stand n t+e da8n of +stor". Be+nd )s les a 2ast and )nrecorded
8astet+e '&+t" str)&&le humanam condere gentem. (nce t+e t'es of
t+at &norance 8e +a2e not "et &one farG a fe8 t+o)sand "ears1 a fe8
+)ndred t+n3ers1 +a2e barel" started t+e +)'an 'nd )$on t+e &reat Fons
of ts on8ard 8a". It s not "et t+e +o)r to st do8n n o)r st)des and tr" to
e3e o)t Tradton 8t+ Int)tonas one '&+t be forced to do n a $lanet5s
senlt"1 b" t+e &l''er of a fadn& s)n. *aphni, quid antiquos signorum
suspicis ortus? T+e tradtons1 t+e nt)tons of o)r race are t+e'sel2es n
t+er nfanc"G and before 8e abandon o)rsel2es to broodn& o2er t+e' let )s
at least frst tr" t+e )$s+ot of a s"ste'atc searc+ for act)al facts. 4or 8+at
s+o)ld +nderW If o)r nE)r" lead )s frst t+ro)&+ a D)n&le of fra)d and
foll"1 need t+at +ii,IPM- alar' )sW %s 8ell '&+t Col)'b)s +a2e "elded to
t+e salors5 $anc1 8+en +e 8as entan&led n t+e (ar&asso (ea. If o)r frst
clear facts abo)t t+e :nseen 6orld see' s'all and tr2al1 s+o)ld t+at deter
)s fro' t+e E)estW %s 8ell '&+t Col)'b)s +a2e saled +o'e a&an1 8t+
%'erca n t+e offn&1 on t+e &ro)nd t+at t 8as not 8ort+ 8+le to dsco2er
a contnent 8+c+ 'anfested tself onl" b" dead lo&s.
One fnal 8ord to eac+ 'an d2son of o)r crtcsGto t+ose frst 8+o
+a2e been dsa$$onted so often t+at t+e" ref)se to lsten to an" f)rt+er
$ro'se of ne8s fro' t+e :nseenGand t+en to t+ose 8+o1 rel"n& on so'e
&rander re2elaton18+et+er rece2ed fro' 8t+o)t t+e' or fro' 8t+n1
dsdan o)r slo81 collect2e $rocess and co''n)ted fra&'ents of tr)t+. I
8o)ld re'nd t+e %&nostc t+at a $3e 8as once 3e$t n t+e sa'e tan3 8t+
a $erc+. T+ere 8as at frst a s+eet of &lass bet8een t+e'1 and t+e $3e
br)sed +s nose so often n sna$$n& at t+e $erc+1 t+at n t'e +e &a2e )$
t+at endea2o)r1as t+e %&nostc +s endea2o)r after $roof of a s$rt)al
8orld18t+ a s&+ or a sneer. T+en slentl" t+e trans$arent screen 8as
re'o2edG b)t no8 t+e $3e 8as so con2nced t+at +s $re" 8as )nreac+able1
t+at1l3e t+e %&nostc n $resence of o)r ne8 e2dence1+e contn)ed
s'$l" to let t+e $erc+ alone.
4or t+ose ot+er 'en I 8ll resort to a bold 'eton"'"1 and 8ll s$ea3 of
t+at &reat nc)rrent tr)t+ to 8+c+ eac+ 'an se2erall" +olds )nder t+e f&)re
of t+e &reat stone at E$+es)s 8+c+ fell do8n fro' 7)$ter. T+e fat+f)l 8+o
$rocla'ed t+at 8ondro)s fall 8ere essentall" n t+e r&+t1 8ere far 'ore
n t+e r&+t t+an t+e freet+n3ers 8+o derded t. B)t 8+ence and 8+" t+at
stone +ad tr)l" fallen1+o8 2ast t+e s&nfcance of t+at cos'c traDector"
and r)s+n& fla'e1t+s co)ld be 3no8n onl" 8+en +)'ble labo)rers +ad
catalo&)ed 'an" a lesser con&ener of t+e '&+t" 'assG and +ad &at+ered t+e
'eteorc d)st fro' t+e ocean5s floorG and +ad learnt t+at no feld of +ea2en
+ad been fo)nd so desolate as not to carr" stll t+e '$ress of )lt'ate
ener&" and )n2ersal la8.
APPENDIX B
THE DECLINE OF DOGMATISM
4or 'an" 'nds t+s last cent)r" of tr)'$+ant (cence1 of 8arrn&
T+eolo&"1 +as acted as a 3nd of $roof and $)r&aton of t+e +)'an s$rt. It
s stran&e to loo3 bac3 and to obser2e 8t+ +o8 ')c+ of do&'atc r)bbs+
e2en t+e stron&est 'nds of earler cent)res 8ere c)'bered bot+ n t+er
belef and n t+er ne&aton. 4or t 8as not onl" t+e soCcalled ort+odo# 8+o
s)fferedG b)t t+ose also 8+o1 re2oltn& a&anst arbtrar" doctrne1 8ere "et
)nable to dssocate s)c+ doctrne fro' an" conce$ton 8+c+ t+e" co)ld
for' of a s$rt)al 8orld. ()c+ 'en 8o)ld stll s$ea3 as t+o)&+ t+e s$rt)al
8orld1 f t e#sted1 ')st needs be a 8orld r)led b" ca$rce1 and
o2ers+ado8ed b" fear.
+ii,IPN-
B)t no8 n t+e 2rt)al abe"ance of for'al creeds t+e reactons of 'on3s
and sc+ool'en +a2e +ad t'e to dssol2e and dsa$$ear. Vest&al belefs
8+c+ stll enc)'bered t+e s$rt +a2e +ad t'e to atro$+".
T+e $ros$ect on 8+c+ (cence &aNed +as been b" co'$arson a narro8
oneG b)t (cence at least +as seen t steadl" and seen t 8+ole.9 T+e
'ateral 8orld +as ta)&+t )s lessons of 8+c+ o)r conce$ton of t+e s$rt)al
8orld stood n no less )r&ent need. T+e st)d" of 2sble !at)re +as ta)&+t )s
:nfor't"1 Conser2aton1 E2ol)tonG and t+ese transfor' t+e'sel2es n
t+er s$rt)al as$ect nto an absol)te Cat+olct"1 an nesca$able 7)stce1 an
e2erCascendn& Ideal. T+ese &reat conce$tons1 I sa"1 8ere ac+e2ed b"
(cence1 8t+ +er o)tloo3 te'$orarl" narro8ed to $lanetar" lfe. %nd no8
t+at (cence +erself be&ns to teac+ )s to e#$and once 'ore t+e $lanetar"
nto t+e cos'c 2e81 8e fnd t+at $rnc$les b)lt )$ b" 'n)te and
$ersstent obser2aton of 'ateral la8 8ll e#$and and e#alt t+e'sel2es also
to s$rt)al o$eraton1 and 8ll &2e to t+e so)l5s f)t)re t+e stablt" of t+er
o8n nfnt)de1 t+e b)o"anc" of t+er o8n l'tless 'arc+ and ass)'$ton
nto real's +&+er and +o$es )n3no8n.
On one &reat 'atter t+e de$arted s$rts )tter1 not ndeed a +altn& or a
d)bo)s1 b)t "et a so'e8+at ndefnte re$l". One and all1 so far as I 3no8
t+e'1 t+e" affr' t+at t+e :n2erse s &oodJ t+at t+ere s a s)$re'e Po8er to
8+o' all s$rts bo81 and 8+o orders all t+n&s 8ell. B)t be"ond t+at t+e"
can &2e no fres+ sancton to t+e tenets of an" eart+l" creed. Rat+er t+e"
see' for a t'e $er+a$s to e#$ress t+er ne8 con2ctons n t+er
acc)sto'ed for')las1 b)t soon to lose all t+o)&+t of creed or for')las n
t+e dee$ ass)rance of endless and e2erC&ro8n& Lo2e. T+s a2o8ed
l'taton of t+er 3no8led&e +as ca)sed so'e dsa$$ont'ent1 and t+e"
+a2e so'et'es been fr)tlessl" $ressed to declare t+e'sel2es n clearer
s)$$ort of so'e eart+l" C+)rc+.
Yet ')st not an" ele2aton of o)r ben& '$l" for )s less of cla' to
for'al 3no8led&e1 'ore of $artc$aton n an ''anent ($rtW
T+e dea of ,2nt" a'on& t+e +)'an race +as rsen and 8dened fro'
t+e 4ets+ of a fa'l" to t+e C+a'$on of a trbe1 and fro' t+e C+a'$on of
a trbe to t+e 4at+er of a $lanet. /)st e2en that be t+e f#ed and fnal
conce$ton of t+e Infnte GodW !a"1 s)rel" t+at conce$ton s+o)ld e#$and
so as not to lose b)t to transcend Personalt"Gretann& for )s t+e Lo2e and
/erc" 8+c+ brn& t+e ,2ne nto fello8s+$ 8t+ 'an1 b)t o)t&ro8n& all
l'tn& analo&es1 all $retence at +)'an co'$re+enson of t+e
Inconce2able Ca)se of %ll.
It s notceable +o8 8t+ eac+ on8ard ste$ n o)r t+eoretcal 3no8led&e
so'e false and o)t8orn conce$ton of $ractcal d)t" tends to 'elt a8a". 6e
no8 3no8 (to (8edenbor& belon&s t+e credt of t+e frst e'$+atc
anno)nce'ent) t+at t+s lfe and t+e ne#t are 'orall" contn)o)s18t+ no
'ere &eneral de$endence of t+e f)t)re lfe )$on t+e $resent1b)t
contn)o)s as t+o)&+ o)r eart+l" a&e 'elted nto t+e +)es +ii,IPO- of a
+a$$er "o)t+. It follo8s t+at t+e eart+l" lfe ')st et+call" de2elo$ a ts
fac)ltes n $re$araton for t+e +ea2enl". T+ere ')st be no arbtrar"
narro8n& of eart+5s e#$erence )nder t+e &)se of sanctt"G no $retence t+at
so'et+n& s &aned n t+e ne#t 8orld b" ref)sal of an" of t+e nor'al d)tes
of this.
T+ere s no $lace for 'onastcs' n s)c+ a sc+e'e as t+s. T+ere s no
$lace for t+e $)rtancal1 t+e ascetc s$rtG for an" belef n 'ert attac+n&
to s)ffern& or $r2aton as s)c+. T+e a' of all 8ll be s$rt)al1 'oral1
ntellect)al effcenc"G selfC$re$araton for t+ose +&+er d)tes 8+c+ s+all
follo8 on t+e acco'$ls+'ent of lo8er d)tes as t+e D)st and nse$arable
re8ard.
-o8 far t+ere s+all stll be $lace for t+e $rest1 for t+e 'nster of
rel&on1 t 8ere $re'at)re to dsc)ss. Sacerdotaism ')st dsa$$earG no
bod" of 'en 8ll an" lon&er $ers)ade 'an3nd of t+er e#cl)s2e r&+t to
$ro')l&ate or to nter$ret t+at cat+olc tr)t+ 8+c+ s besto8ed '$artall"
)$on all.
%nd note t+at f s)c+ a cla' 8ere after8ards to be $)t fort+1 not b"
$rests b)t b" senst2es1b" nter'edares of t+e ne8 re2elaton 8+o
'&+t cla' to be ts &)ardans also1t+at cla' 8o)ld $ro'$tl" carr" 8t+
t ts o8n ref)taton. 6e s+o)ld not lon& bele2e n t+e a)t+ort" of
co'')ncatn& s$rts 8+o '&+t base t+er a$$eal to )s on a)t+ort"1
nstead of on e2dence and on reason. Co'')ncators and nter'edares
al3e are s)bDect to an ordern& 8ser t+an o)r o8n. B" t+er fr)ts 8e s+all
3no8 t+e'.
APPENDIX C
PRAYER AND SUPPLICATION
T+e E)eston no8 arsesJ 6+at o)&+t to be o)r o8n attt)de to8ards t+e
s$rts 8t+ 8+o' 8e enter nto co'')ncatonW
To be&n 8t+1 t &oes 8t+o)t sa"n& t+at o)r attt)de s+o)ld be at once
res$ons2e and sero)sGt+at t+ere s+o)ld be no fr2olt"1 no cred)lt"1 and1
on t+e ot+er +and1 no $er2erse or st)bborn ref)sal to reco&nse t+e $roofs
8+c+ t+e" offer.
B)t +ere a lar&er E)eston o$ens o)t. 6+at o)&+t 8e to as3 fro' t+e'W
In 8+at 8a" s+o)ld 8e as3 tW 6+at does e#$erence t+)s far s+o8 )s t+at
8e 'a" e#$ect to rece2eW It s $lan t+at s)c+ nE)res brn& )s to t+e
t+res+old of t+e 8der and dee$er $roble' of &rayer and Suppication
&enerall"Gof o)r 8+ole a$$eal to t+e :nseen.
%$$roac+n& Pra"er n t+s &eneralsed 'anner1 8e feel t+e need of a
defnton 8+c+ s+all be n so'e sense s$rt)al 8t+o)t ben& defntel"
t+eolo&cal. Or let )s lea2e to t+e sole'n 8ord Pra"er ts +&+est 'eann&sG
let )s confne t to o)r atte'$ts at co'')non)ttered or )ne#$ressed
8t+ t+e ()$re'e ($rt. Let )s ne#t tr" to defne t+e 8ord +ii,IGP-
Suppication n s)c+ a 8a" as to dstn&)s+ t fro' a reE)est 'ade to a
l2n& frend.
4or o)r $resent $)r$oses1 at an" rate1 t see's best to defne s)$$lcaton
as an atte'$t to obtan benefts fro' )nseen ben&s b" an n8ard
ds$oston of o)r o8n 'nds.9 T+s e#cl)des s)c+ atte'$ts as rest on
c+ar's or on sorcer"G and at t+e sa'e t'e be&s no E)eston as to t+e nat)re
of t+e ben&s to 8+o' 8e a$$eal. T+e" are1 at an" rate1 +abt)all" unseen/ t
re'ans for )s to ar&)e fro' t+e nat)re of t+e s)$$lcaton1 or of t+e ans8er1
8+o or 8+at t+e ben&s 8+o 'a" +a2e sent t+at ans8er are l3el" to be.
4or t+e sa3e of clearness1 I 'a" obser2e t+at n e#cl)dn& c+ar's1 &c.1
fro' t+e cate&or" of tr)e s)$$lcaton1 I 'ean to e#cl)de an" $rocess 8+c+
s s)$$osed to &an t+e desred beneft b" ts o8n 2rt)e 8t+o)t t+e
o$eraton of o)r o8n 'nds. C+ar's and ncantatons 'a" +a2e1 as 8e s+all
$resentl" see1 anot+er 3nd of effcenc"1 as 'ere se$,suggestions. %nd
e#$erence see's to s+o8 (8+at '&+t antecedentl" +a2e see'ed
'$robable) t+at f 8e 8s+ to learn so'et+n& fro' s$rts s$ea3n&
t+ro)&+ 'ortal or&ans's1 t+ere 'a" be so'e &an n o)r defnte state'ent1
n s$eec+ or 8rtn&1 of t+e nat)re of t+e nfor'aton desred.
T+s1 +o8e2er1 s a detal1 and I &o on to t+e 'ore '$ortant E)eston of
t+e benefts for 8+c+ o)r s)$$lcatons 'a" r&+tl" be offered )$. 6+at1
broadl" s$ea3n&1 are t+e benefts 8+c+ 8e do act)all" rece2e fro' ot+er
so)lsW et+er fro' t+e 6orldC(o)l1 or fro' +)'an so)ls stll n t+e fles+W
6e rece2e Lfe and Rno8led&e1 8+c+ t s o)r b)sness to de2elo$ nto
Lo2e and 6sdo' and 7o". O)r o8n ca$act" of s)c+ de2elo$'ent 'a" stll
be classed as Lfe1as s$rt)al Lfe1 of 8+c+ o)r $+"scal lfe s b)t t+e
te'$orar" 2e+cle. O)r s$rt)al lfe s fed b" t+e lo2e 8+c+ 8e rece2e1 o)r
$+"scal lfe b" food and 'ateral ads of e2er" 3nd. Rno8led&e1 of co)rse1
s one of t+e 'an 8a"s of feedn& o)r s$rt)al lfe1 and I +a2e $laced t
a$art +ere 'erel" beca)se ts traceabiity t+ro)&+ $artc)lar 'e'ores
'a3es t t+e 'ost con2enent s)bDectC'atter for $s"c+cal anal"ss.
% defnte fact1 an solable $ece of 3no8led&e1 8ll often f)lfl a
reE)re'ent 8+c+ 8e lon& for n 2an n $+"scal e#$er'entaton. 6e
s+o)ld &reatl" l3e to be able to follo8 so'e nd2d)al scra$ or $arcel of
ener&" t+ro)&+ ts s)ccess2e ')tatons1to trac3 e#actl" t+e &2en )nt of
+eat 8+c+ s con2erted nto a &2en )nt of 'oton. !o8 8t+ defnte facts
8e reall" can do so'et+n& of t+s 3nd. Eac+ $ece of 3no8led&e s 'ore
or less dstnctl" earC'ar3ed1 as belon&n& to one or 'ore ass&nable +)'an
'e'ores1 eac+ of 8+c+ 'e'ores contans a selecton of facts dfferent
fro' t+e selecton contaned n an" ot+er 'e'or". O'nscence of co)rse
contans all t+e facts1 b)t o'nscence s not l3el" to s+o8 n eac+ case t+e
s$ecfc imitations.
T+e )$s+ot of t+s s t+at t+ere s a certan class of reE)ests 'ade to +ii,
IGG- )nseen a&ences1 t+e ans8ers to 8+c+ carr" 8t+ t+e' a stron&
$res)'$t2e $roof of t+e dentt" of t+e 'nds 8+c+ send t+e'.
()c+1 for e#a'$le1 are t+e ordnar" reE)ests 'ade to o)r dscarnate
frends for nfor'aton on 'atters connected 8t+ t+er l2es on eart+1 as
ll)strated b" 'an" cases t+ro)&+ /rs. P$er5s trance. In t+ese cases 8e
+a2e 2rt)all" s)$$lcated t+ese $ersons for certan defnte 3no8led&e1 and
t+e"1and so far as I can see1 no 2aster ntell&ence t+an t+ers1+a2e
drectl" ans8ered o)r s)$$lcatons. ()c+ cases belon& to t+e lon& seres of
reE)ests 'ade to t+e :nseen for 3no8led&e1 for tr)t+1 for l&+t. -ere s at
last a defnte a2en)e for s)ccessf)l s)$$lcaton1+ere are dstnct reE)ests
&ranted b" ntell&ences dentfable1 alt+o)&+ )nseen.
Lea2n& t+e E)eston of s)$$lcaton for 3no8led&e for t+e $resent1 let
)s consder t+e res)lts 8+c+ +a2e been fo)nd to attend s)$$lcatons for
'ere $+"scal i$e.
Readers of t+s 8or3 3no8 8+at a lar&e $ro$orton of $s"c+olo&cal
e#$er'ent no8 act)all" &on& on falls )nder t+e cate&or" of suppication
or prayer $or i$e. T+e $l&r's of Lo)rdes '$lore t+e Vr&n for lfe and
+ealt+ as t+e 'ost )r&ent for' of t+er de2otons. 4at+C+ealers $ra" to t+e
,2nt" for lfe and +ealt+1 C+rstan (centsts 'edtate on t+e &oodness of
t+e :n2erse and on t+e lo2e of C+rst 8t+ t+e sa'e $ractcal obDect. %nd
all of t+ese &ro)$s1as ab)ndant test'on" s+o8s )s1are often s)ccessf)l
n t+er $ra"ers and 'edtatons. T+e" attan s)c+ res)lts t+at (for nstance)
C+arcot1 +'self no Cat+olc1 )sed often to send +s $atents to Lo)rdes.
Yet1 as t+s D)#ta$oston of C+arcot 8t+ Lo)rdes s)&&ests1 alt+o)&+ 8e
note t+e fa2o)rable res)lts1 8e +a2e no clear ndcaton as to t+e so)rce
fro' 8+ence t+ose res)lts co'e.
4or 8e fnd t+at res)lts eE)all" s)r$rsn& follo8 )$on t+e s)&&estons
of +"$notsersGand e2en )$on 'ere selfCs)&&eston. (elfCs)&&eston s (as
I +a2e often nssted) at t+e core of al'ost all t+ese +ealn& and 22f"n&
$rocessesGand 8+at s selfCs)&&eston b)t an at $resent ndefnable
contenton or ds$oston of t+e 'ndW
In ancent and 'odern t'es1 n East and 6est1 a'on& Pa&ans1
B)dd+sts1 Bra+'ns1 /a+o'edans1 C+rstans1 Infdels1e2er"8+ere t
+as see'ed $ossble for 'en and 8o'en1 b" a certan stress of so)l1 to
beco'e n &reat 'eas)re s)$eror to $an1 and often to rene8 2talt" 8t+ a
s)ccess for 8+c+ 'edcal scence cannot acco)nt. T+e tr)e 'eann& of t+s
farCreac+n& and ')lt$le# $o8er of selfCs)&&eston s one of t+e standn&
$)NNlesone of t+e &ro8n& $)NNlesal3e of bolo&" and of $s"c+olo&".
6t+o)t $retendn& to sol2e t1 I +a2e ne2ert+eless n an earler c+a$ter
stated and defned t n a 'anner 8+c+ 'a" no8 ser2e to brn& t nto
relaton 8t+ an e2en 8der ran&e of $+eno'ena. 4or I +a2e s$o3en of t as
a fl)ct)aton n t+e ntenst" of t+e draft 8+c+ eac+ 'an5s lfe 'a3es )$on
t+e :nseen. I +a2e )r&ed t+at 8+le o)r lfe s 'antaned b" contn)al
nflo8 fro' t+e 6orldCso)l1 t+at nflo8 'a" 2ar" n ab)ndance or ener&" n
corres$ondence 8t+ 2aratons n t+e attt)de of o)r o8n +ii,IGH- 'nds. (o
soon as t+s defnton s 'ade1 8e see t+at e2er" for' of selfCs)&&eston
falls 8t+n t+e l'ts 8+c+ 8e +a2e ass&ned to s)$$lcaton. T+e
s)$$lcaton of t+e Lo)rdes $l&r's1 t+e adorn& conte'$laton of t+e
C+rstan (centsts1 t+e n8ard concentraton of t+e selfCs)&&esters1 t+e
tr)stf)l antc$aton of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect1all t+ese are 'ere s+ades of
t+e sa'e 'ood of 'nd1of t+e 'o)ntanC'o2n& fat+ 8+c+ can n act)al
fact dra8 fres+ lfe fro' t+e Infnte. !or s t+e lfe t+)s ndra8n a $+"scal
lfe alone. E2en fro' t+e $+"scan5s $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston18+c+
see's t+e f)rt+est re'o2ed of all t+ese c+annels fro' a tr)e s$rt)al
nflo81bot+ 'oral and ntellect)al re22fcaton 8ll often follo8.
B)t t+s reflecton s)&&ests afres+ t+e E)eston1 alread" dsc)ssed n
C+a$ter V.1 8+et+er n so'e s)c+ cases of +"$notc s)&&eston t+e res)ltant
nflo8 of lfe 'a" not n so'e 'edate fas+on at least de$end on and
e'anate fro' t+e $+"scan +'self. -e1 no do)bt1 ')st )lt'atel" dra8 +s
o8n lfe fro' t+e :nseenG b)t 'a" t+ere not be so'e 2rt)e $assn& fro'
+' 8+c+ 22fes +s $atent of ts o8n forceW I +a2e alread" e#$ressed '"
belef t+at n so'e cases t+ere is s)c+ 2rt)e18+c+ 8o)ld s+o8 fro' o)r
$resent $ont of 2e8 t+at t s n so'e cases )sef)l to s)$$lcate fnte
e'boded s$rts for ncrease of lfe.
/a" t t+en be desrable to s)$$lcate fnte dse'boded s$rts not onl"
for 3no8led&e1 b)t for lfeW Can t+e" also trans't to )s1'ore drectl"1
$er+a$s1 t+an t+e e'boded +"$notst1so'e s$ecal strea' of t+e
nfor'n& ener&" of t+e )n2erseW
I bele2e t+at t+ere s e2dence t+at t+e" can so'et'es $rod)ce t+s
22f"n& effect n 2aro)s 8a"s. (o'et'es t+e" see' able to trans$ort t+e
senst2e5s s$rt nto t+er o8n real'1 and to nf)se at once a s$rt)al and a
$+"scal reno2aton. (o'et'es t+e" $rod)ce t+e '$resson of 'ateral
to)c+es or $asses1 l3e t+ose e'$lo"ed b" t+e eart+l" +"$notst In t+at case
t+e re'o2al of $an1 or t+e soot+n& effect1 'a" see' to follo8 drectl" on
so'e )nseen 'anfestaton.
%nd t+s brn&s )s to one re'ann& ser2ce 8+c+ 8e 'a" so'et'es1 t
see's1 s)ccessf)ll" as3 dse'boded s$rts to $erfor'. T+e" 8ll
occasonall" 'o2e obDects for )sGt+)s re$eatn& "et f)rt+er t+e ser2ces
rendered b" e'boded frends. !ot1 of co)rse1 t+at 8e s+all t+n3 of as3n&
t+e' for 'o2e'ents $ractcall" )sef)l to )s1 l3e t+ose ascrbed to t+e
l)bberCfrends9 of ancent fable. It 8ll be eno)&+ f b" an" ds$lace'ent
of 'atter1 +o8e2er tr2al n tself1 t+e" can 'anfest t+er $ersstent $o8er.
On t+e 8+ole1 t+en1 8e see t+at s)$$lcaton obtans for )s fro' t+e
:nseen a certan l'ted e#tenson of t+e benefts 8+c+ 8e 3no8 b"
e2er"da" e#$erence t+at 8e can obtan fro' t+e :n2erse on t+e one +and
and fro' nd2d)al s$rts on t+e ot+er.
%s re&ards t+e +)'an s$rts1 n t+e frst $lace1 8e fnd t+at o)r
s)ccessf)l s)$$lcatons to t+e' are s)c+ as t+e" '&+t be l3el" to &rant1
+ii,IGI- ass)'n& t+at t+e" stll e#st1 and t+at t+e" +a2e certan contn)n&
$o8ers of actn& )$on e'boded 'nds and )$on 'atter n ')c+ t+e old
8a". 6+le t+e" 8ere e'boded t+e" &a2e )s 3no8led&e1 t+e" &a2e )s
'ateral +el$ b" 'o2n& obDects and t+e l3eG t+e" rene8ed o)r stren&t+1 t
'a" be b" to)c+es or $asses 8+c+ 8ere for )s c+annels of t+e nflo8n&
cos'c lfe. ,se'boded no81 t+e" o$erate n t+e sa'e 8a". In so'e
res$ects t+e loss of t+e bod" s a dra8bac3. T+e" can b)t sl&+tl" and rarel"
'o2e $onderable 'atter. T+e" can b)t seldo' +eal or 2talse 8t+ t+er
s$rtCto)c+. T+e" can co'')ncate t+er 3no8led&e onl" t+ro)&+ an
or&ans' 8+c+ t+e" n2ade for t+e $)r$ose. B)t on t+e ot+er +and t+er
3no8led&e1 8+en t+e" do co'')ncate t1 s of absol)tel" $rceless 8ort+.
4ra&'entar" and tr2al t+o)&+ t 'a" see'1 t constt)tes t+e one &reat
ass)rance of a $ro2dental :n2erse and an eternal lfe.
()$$lcaton to t+ese s$rts near o)rsel2es +as1 t+en1 ass)redl" not been
n 2an1na"1 s l3el" to beco'e 'ore and 'ore fr)tf)l as t+e condtons
are better )nderstood.
%t t+e ot+er end of t+e scale1 a&an1 t+e $ra"ers addressed to t+e
:n2erse1to God1or sa"1 rat+er1 to t+e ()$re'e 8+c+ s abo2e
$ersonalt"1 are no8 seen to be t+e nor'al de2elo$'ent and ntensfcaton
of t+at '"stero)s $o8er of selfCs)&&eston 8+c+ 8e 8tness e2er" da". In
so sa"n& I a' far fro' 'eann& t+at 8e affect o)r o8n s$rts onl" b" o)r
fer2ent $ra"er. On t+e contrar"1 I +a2e nssted t+at e2en t+e selfCs)&&eston
8+c+ ref)ses to a$$eal to an" +&+er $o8er18+c+ bele2es t+at t s onl"
calln& )$ ts o8n $r2ate reso)rces nto $la"1')st der2e ts )lt'ate
effcac" fro' t+e ncreased nflo8 fro' t+e Infnte lfe 8+c+ t+e s$rt5s
$o8erf)l effort of attentont+e fat+ of t+e s)$$lantdoes n so'e
'anner nd)ce. %nd t+e 'ore $enetratn& t+s fat+1 t+e 'ore str3n& t+e
res)lts are l3el" to be. Be"ond t+s $ont 8e +a2e no e2dental 8arrant for
&on&. 6e cannot s$ecf" fro' an" real co'$arat2e e#$erence 8+at
$artc)lar s+ade or colo)r of t+s sa2n& fat+ s 'ost effect)al n e2o3n& an
ans8er. T+e &reat nter'edate na'esbet8een t+e s$rts of o)r o8n
frends and t+e (o)rce of %ll+a2e not &2en reco&nsable e2dence1
s$ecfc $roof1 of t+er rec$ence and re$l". ()c+ $roof '&+t be &2en1 for
e#a'$le1 f t+e c)res at Lo)rdes 8ere reall" 'rac)lo)s9 n t+e sense t+at
t+e" 8ere c)res of 'alades ne2er c)red else8+ereG or e2en f $atents at
Lo)rdes 8ere c)red n 'ar3edl" lar&er $ro$orton t+an1 sa"1 t+e $atents n a
+"$notc clnE)e. B)t I +a2e else8+ere (see ,*) and ,*9) s+o8n stron&
reasons for bele2n& t+at t+s s not soGna"1 t+at t+e &eneral e2dence
offered for t+e Lo)rdes c)res needs a strct sftn& before t+e resd))' of
fact can be se$arated fro' t+e e#a&&eratons d)e to stron& 'oral
$re$ossesson1fro' 8+c+ t+e &reat $ec)nar" nterests 8+c+ +a2e &ro8n
)$ aro)nd t+at $lace of $l&r'a&e can +ardl" be alto&et+er e#cl)ded. I 8ll
not sa" 'ore1 for '" obDect +ere s not to ds$ara&e an" s$ecal t"$e of
$ra"er or s)$$lcaton1 +ii,IGJ- b)t rat+er to nsst on t+er '$ortance and
effcac" n &eneral. I 8s+ to s+o8 t+at so far fro' o)r needn& to s)$$ose
t+at an ans8er to $ra"er s an interruption of t+e nat)ral order of t+n&s1
'an" ans8ers to $ra"er are1 on t+e contrar"1 'anfest e#tensons1nat)ral
de2elo$'ents1of $erfectl" fa'lar $+eno'ena. 6e alread" +a2e lfe1 and
b" ds$osn& o)r s$rts r&+tl"1 8e can &et 'ore lfeG 8e alread" +a2e
frends 8+o +el$ )s on eart+G t+ose frends s)r22e bodl" deat+1 and are to
so'e e#tent able to +el$ )s stll. It s for )s to t+ro8 o)rsel2es nto t+e
needed 'ental stateGto 'a3e t+e +eartfelt and tr)stf)l a$$eal. To t+e
beneft 8+c+ 8e 'a" t+)s der2e no t+eoretcal l't can be ass&ned. It
')st needs &ro8 8t+ 'an5s e2ol)tonG for t+e central fact of t+at condton
s t+e e2erCncreasn& closeness of t+e so)l5s co'')non 8t+ ot+er so)ls.
+ii,IGK-
APPENDICES
TO
CHAPTER VII
*13 A . It s $ossble t+at 8e '&+t learn ')c+ 8ere 8e to E)eston
d"n& $ersons1 on t+er a8a3enn& fro' so'e co'atose condton1 as to
t+er 'e'or" of an" drea' or 2son d)rn& t+at state. If t+ere +as n fact
been an" s)c+ e#$erence t s+o)ld be at once recorded1 as t 8ll $robabl"
fade ra$dl" fro' t+e $atent5s s)$ral'nal 'e'or"1 e2en f +e does not de
drectl" after8ards. % c)ro)s case 8as $)bls+ed n &hantasms o$ the
.iving (2ol. . $. ;>?)1 8+ere a d"n& 'an ret)rns1 as t 8ere1 fro' t+e &ates
of deat+ e#$ressl" to anno)nce t+at +e +as +ad a 2son1 or $ad a 2st19 of
t+s 3nd8+c+ 2st19 +o8e2er1 t 8as not $ossble to 2erf".
% so'e8+at s'lar nstance1 b)t 8t+ )lt'ate reco2er" of t+e $atent1
,r. 6ltse1 8as $rnted n t+e St. .ouis 2edica and Surgica 1ourna,
!o2e'ber1 *AA@1 and n t+e 2id,Continenta 7evie#, 4ebr)ar"1 *A@>. ,r.
6ltse +as snce obtaned for )s t+e s8orn de$ostons of t+e 8tnesses of
'$ortance. T+e e#$erence s lon&1 and for t+e 'ost $art of a t+oro)&+l"
drea'l3e t"$eG b)t n an" 2e8 t s e#tre'el" )n)s)al1 nor can t be farl"
)nderstood fro' e#tracts alone. I E)ote1 t+erefore1 t+e essental $art of t+e
case n f)ll (fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *A>).
L%fter descrbn& +s &rad)al sn3n& n t+e s)''er of *AA@ )nder an
)n)s)al dseaset"$+od fe2er 8t+ s)bnor'al te'$erat)re and $)lse,r.
6ltse (of (3dd"1 Ransas) contn)es as follo8s JMI as3ed f I 8as
$erfectl" n $ossesson of '" 'nd1 so t+at 8+at I '&+t sa" s+o)ld be
8ort+" of ben& reled )$on. Ben& ans8ered n t+e decded affr'at2e1 I
bade ade) to fa'l" and frends1 &2n& s)c+ ad2ce and consolaton to eac+
and all as I dee'ed best1 con2ersed )$on t+e $roofs pro and con of
''ortalt"1 and called )$on eac+ and all to ta3e test'on" for t+e'sel2es
b" 8atc+n& t+e acton of '" 'nd1 n t+e bodl" state n 8+c+ t+e" sa8
'e1 and fnall"1 as '" $)$ls fell o$en1 and 2son be&an to fal1 and '"
2oce to 8ea3en1 feeln& a sense of dro8sness co'e o2er 'e1 8t+ a stron&
effort1 I stra&+tened '" stffened le&s1 &ot '" ar's o2er t+e breast1 and
clas$ed t+e fast stffenn& fn&ers1 and soon san3 nto )tter )nconsco)sness.
I $assed abo)t fo)r +o)rs n all 8t+o)t $)lse or $erce$tble +eartCbeat1
as I a' nfor'ed b" ,r. (. -. Ra"nes1 8+o 8as t+e onl" $+"scan $resent.
,)rn& a $orton of t+s t'e se2eral of t+e b"standers t+o)&+t I 8as dead1
and s)c+ a re$ort ben& carred o)tsde1 t+e 2lla&e c+)rc+ bell 8as tolled.
+ii,IGL- ,r. Ra"nes nfor's 'e1 +o8e2er1 t+at b" brn&n& +s e"es close to
'" face1 +e co)ld $erce2e an occasonal s+ort &as$1 so 2er" l&+t as to be
barel" $erce$tble1 and t+at +e 8as )$on t+e $ont1 se2eral t'es1 of sa"n&1
-e s dead19 8+en a &as$ 8o)ld occ)r n t'e to c+ec3 +'.
-e t+r)st a needle dee$ nto t+e fles+ at dfferent $onts fro' t+e feet to
t+e +$s1 b)t &ot no res$onse. %lt+o)&+ I 8as $)lseless abo)t fo)r +o)rs1
t+s state of a$$arent deat+ lasted onl" abo)t +alfCanC+o)r.
I lost1 I bele2e1 all $o8er of t+o)&+t or 3no8led&e of e#stence n
absol)te )nconsco)sness. Of co)rse1 I need not &)ess at t+e t'e so lost1 as
n s)c+ a state a 'n)te or a t+o)sand "ears 8o)ld a$$ear t+e sa'e. I ca'e
a&an nto a state of consco)s e#stence and dsco2ered t+at I 8as stll n t+e
bod"1 b)t t+e bod" and I +ad no lon&er an" nterests n co''on. I loo3ed n
astons+'ent and Do" for t+e frst t'e )$on '"selft+e 'e1 t+e real E&o1
8+le t+e not 'e closed t )$on all sdes l3e a se$)lc+re of cla".
6t+ all t+e nterest of a $+"scan1 I be+eld t+e 8onders of '" bodl"
anato'"1 nt'atel" nter8o2en 8t+ 8+c+1 e2en tss)e for tss)e1 8as I1
t+e l2n& so)l of t+at dead bod". I learned t+at t+e e$der's 8as t+e
o)tsde bo)ndar" of t+e )lt'ate tss)es1 so to s$ea31 of t+e so)l. I realsed
'" condton and reasoned cal'l" t+)s. I +a2e ded1 as 'en ter' deat+1 and
"et I a' as ')c+ a 'an as e2er. I a' abo)t to &et o)t of t+e bod". I 8atc+ed
t+e nterestn& $rocess of t+e se$araton of so)l and bod". B" so'e $o8er1
a$$arentl" not '" o8n1 t+e E&o 8as roc3ed to and fro1 laterall"1 as a cradle
s roc3ed1 b" 8+c+ $rocess ts connecton 8t+ t+e tss)es of t+e bod" 8as
bro3en )$. %fter a lttle t'e t+e lateral 'oton ceased1 and alon& t+e soles
of t+e feet be&nnn& at t+e toes1 $assn& ra$dl" to t+e +eels1 I felt and
+eard1 as t see'ed1 t+e sna$$n& of nn)'erable s'all cords. 6+en t+s
8as acco'$ls+ed I be&an slo8l" to retreat fro' t+e feet1 to8ard t+e +ead1
as a r)bber cord s+ortens. I re'e'ber reac+n& t+e +$s and sa"n& to
'"self1 !o81 t+ere s no lfe belo8 t+e +$s.9 I can recall no 'e'or" of
$assn& t+ro)&+ t+e abdo'en and c+est1 b)t recollect dstnctl" 8+en '"
8+ole self 8as collected nto t+e +ead1 8+en I reflected t+)sJ I a' all n t+e
+ead no81 and I s+all soon be free. I $assed aro)nd t+e bran as f I 8ere
+ollo81 co'$ressn& t and ts 'e'branes1 sl&+tl"1 on all sdes1 to8ard t+e
centre and $ee$ed o)t bet8een t+e s)t)res of t+e s3)ll1 e'er&n& l3e t+e
flattened ed&es of a ba& of 'e'branes. I recollect dstnctl" +o8 I a$$eared
to '"self so'et+n& l3e a Dell"Cfs+ as re&ards colo)r and for'. %s I
e'er&ed1 I sa8 t8o lades sttn& at '" +ead. I 'eas)red t+e dstances
bet8een t+e +ead of '" cot and t+e 3nees of t+e lad" o$$oste t+e +ead and
concl)ded t+ere 8as roo' for 'e to stand1 b)t felt consderable
e'barrass'ent as I reflected t+at I 8as abo)t to e'er&e na3ed before +er1
b)t co'forted '"self 8t+ t+e t+o)&+t t+at n all $robablt" s+e co)ld not
see 'e 8t+ +er bodl" e"es1 as I 8as a s$rt. %s I e'er&ed fro' t+e +ead I
floated )$ and do8n and laterall" l3e a soa$Cb)bble attac+ed to t+e bo8l of
a $$e )ntl I at last bro3e loose fro' t+e bod" and fell l&+tl" to t+e floor1
8+ere I slo8l" rose and e#$anded nto t+e f)ll stat)re of a 'an. I see'ed to
be transl)cent1 of a bl)s+ cast and $erfectl" na3ed. 6t+ a $anf)l sense of
e'barrass'ent I fled to8ard t+e $artall" o$ened door to esca$e t+e e"es of
t+e t8o lades 8+o' I 8as facn& as 8ell as ot+ers 8+o I 3ne8 8ere abo)t
'e1 b)t )$on reac+n& t+e door I fo)nd '"self clot+ed1 and satsfed )$on
t+at $ont I t)rned and faced t+e co'$an". %s I t)rned1 '" left elbo8 ca'e
n contact 8t+ t+e ar' of one of t8o &entle'en1 8+o 8ere +ii,IGM-
standn& n t+e door. To '" s)r$rse1 +s ar' $assed t+ro)&+ 'ne 8t+o)t
a$$arent resstance1 t+e se2ered $arts closn& a&an 8t+o)t $an1 as ar
re)ntes. I loo3ed E)c3l" )$ at +s face to see f +e +ad notced t+e contact1
b)t +e &a2e 'e no s&n1onl" stood and &aNed to8ard t+e co)c+ I +ad D)st
left. I drected '" &aNe n t+e drecton of +s1 and sa8 '" o8n dead bod".
It 8as l"n& D)st as I +ad ta3en so ')c+ $ans to $lace t1 $artall" )$on t+e
r&+t sde1 t+e feet close to&et+er and t+e +ands clas$ed across t+e breast. I
8as s)r$rsed at t+e $aleness of t+e face. I +ad not loo3ed n a &lass for
so'e da"s and +ad 'a&ned t+at I 8as not as $ale as 'ost 2er" sc3 $eo$le
are. I con&rat)lated '"self )$on t+e decenc" 8t+ 8+c+ I +ad co'$osed
t+e bod" and t+o)&+t '" frends 8o)ld +a2e lttle tro)ble on t+at score.
I sa8 a n)'ber of $ersons sttn& and standn& abo)t t+e bod"1 and
$artc)larl" notced t8o 8o'en a$$arentl" 3neeln& b" '" left sde1 and I
3ne8 t+at t+e" 8ere 8ee$n&. I +a2e snce learned t+at t+e" 8ere '" 8fe
and '" sster1 b)t I +ad no conce$ton of nd2d)alt". 6fe1 sster or frend
8ere as one to 'e. I dd not re'e'ber an" condtons of relatons+$G at
least I dd not t+n3 of an". I co)ld dstn&)s+ se#1 b)t not+n& f)rt+er.
I no8 atte'$ted to &an t+e attenton of t+e $eo$le 8t+ t+e obDect of
co'fortn& t+e' as 8ell as ass)rn& t+e' of t+er o8n ''ortalt". I bo8ed
to t+e' $la"f)ll" and sal)ted 8t+ '" r&+t +and. I $assed abo)t a'on&
t+e' also1 b)t fo)nd t+at t+e" &a2e 'e no +eed. T+en t+e st)aton str)c3
'e as +)'oro)s and I la)&+ed o)tr&+t.
T+e" certanl" ')st +a2e +eard t+at1 I t+o)&+t1 b)t t see'ed ot+er8se1
for not one lfted t+er e"es fro' '" bod". It dd not once occ)r to 'e to
s$ea3 and I concl)ded t+e 'atter b" sa"n& to '"selfJ T+e" see onl" 8t+
t+e e"es of t+e bod". T+e" cannot see s$rts. T+e" are 8atc+n& 8+at t+e"
t+n3 s I1 b)t t+e" are 'sta3en. T+at s not I. T+s s I and I a' as ')c+
al2e as e2er.9
I t)rned and $assed o)t at t+e o$en door1 nclnn& '" +ead and
8atc+n& 8+ere I set '" feet as I ste$$ed do8n on to t+e $orc+.
I crossed t+e $orc+1 descended t+e ste$s1 8al3ed do8n t+e $at+ and nto
t+e street. T+ere I sto$$ed and loo3ed abo)t 'e. I ne2er sa8 t+at street 'ore
dstnctl" t+an I sa8 t t+en. I too3 note of t+e redness of t+e sol and of t+e
8as+es t+e ran +ad 'ade. I too3 a rat+er $at+etc loo3 abo)t 'e1 l3e one
8+o s abo)t to lea2e +s +o'e for a lon& t'e. T+en I dsco2ered t+at I +ad
beco'e lar&er t+an I 8as n eart+ lfe and con&rat)lated '"self t+ere)$on. I
8as so'e8+at s'aller n t+e bod" t+an I D)st l3ed to be1 b)t n t+e ne#t lfe1
I t+o)&+t1 I a' to be as I desred.
/" clot+es1 I notced1 +ad acco''odated t+e'sel2es to '" ncreased
stat)re1 and I fell to 8ondern& 8+ere t+e" ca'e fro' and +o8 t+e" &ot on
to 'e so E)c3l" and 8t+o)t '" 3no8led&e. I e#a'ned t+e fabrc and
D)d&ed t to be of so'e 3nd of (cotc+ 'ateral1 a &ood s)t1 I t+o)&+t1 b)t
not +andso'eG stll1 neat and &ood eno)&+. T+e coat fts loosel" too1 and
t+at s 8ell for s)''er. -o8 8ell I feel19 I t+o)&+t. Onl" a fe8 'n)tes
a&o I 8as +orrbl" sc3 and dstressed. T+en ca'e t+at c+an&e1 called deat+1
8+c+ I +a2e so ')c+ dreaded. It s $ast no81 and +ere a' I stll a 'an1
al2e and t+n3n&1 "es1 t+n3n& as clearl" as e2er1 and +o8 8ell I feelG I
s+all ne2er be sc3 a&an. I +a2e no 'ore to de.9 %nd n s+eer e#)berance
of s$rts I danced a f&)re1 and fell a&an to loo3n& at '" for' and clot+es.
()ddenl" I dsco2ered t+at I 8as loo3n& at t+e stra&+t sea' do8n t+e
+ii,IGN- bac3 of '" coat. -o8 s t+s1 I t+o)&+t1 +o8 do I see '" bac3W and
I loo3ed a&an1 to reass)re '"self1 do8n t+e bac3 of t+e coat1 or do8n t+e
bac3 of '" le&s to t+e 2er" +eels. I $)t '" +and to '" face and felt for '"
e"es. T+e" are 8+ere t+e" s+o)ld be1 I t+o)&+t. %' I l3e an o8l t+at I can
t)rn '" +ead +alfC8a" ro)ndW I tred t+e e#$er'ent and faled.
!oZ T+en t ')st be t+at +a2n& been o)t of t+e bod"1 b)t a fe8
'o'ents1 I +a2e "et t+e $o8er to )se t+e e"es of '" bod"1 and I t)rned
abo)t and loo3ed bac3 n at t+e o$en door1 8+ere I co)ld see t+e +ead of '"
bod" n a lne 8t+ 'e. I dsco2ered t+en a s'all cord1 l3e a s$der5s 8eb1
r)nnn& fro' '" s+o)lders bac3 to '" bod" and attac+n& to t at t+e base
of t+e nec3 n front.
I 8as satsfed 8t+ t+e concl)son t+at b" 'eans of t+at cord I 8as
)sn& t+e e"es of '" bod"1 and t)rnn&1 8al3ed do8n t+e street.
I +ad 8al3ed b)t a fe8 ste$s 8+en I a&an lost '" consco)sness1 and
8+en I a&an a8o3e fo)nd '"self n t+e ar1 8+ere I 8as )$+eld b" a $ar of
+ands1 8+c+ I co)ld feel $ressn& l&+tl" a&anst '" sdes. T+e o8ner of
t+e +ands1 f t+e" +ad one1 8as be+nd 'e1 and 8as s+o2n& 'e t+ro)&+ t+e
ar at a s8ft b)t a $leasant rate of s$eed. B" t+e t'e I farl" realsed t+e
st)aton I 8as $tc+ed a8a" and floated easl" do8n a fe8 feet1 al&+tn&
&entl" )$on t+e be&nnn& of a narro81 b)t 8ellCb)lt road8a"1 nclned
)$8ard at an an&le of so'et+n& less t+an <? de&rees.
I loo3ed )$ and co)ld see s3" and clo)ds abo2e 'e at t+e )s)al +e&+t. I
loo3ed do8n and sa8 t+e to$s of &reen trees and t+o)&+tJ It s as far do8n
to t+e tree to$s as t s +&+ to t+e clo)ds.
%s I 8al3ed )$ t+e road1 I see'ed to face nearl" nort+. I loo3ed o2er t+e
r&+t sde of t+e road and )nder t co)ld see t+e forest1 b)t dsco2ered
na)&+t to s)$$ort t+e road8a"1 "et I felt no fear of ts falln&. I e#a'ned
t+e 'ateral of 8+c+ t 8as b)lt. It 8as b)lt of 'l3" E)artN and fne sand.
I $c3ed )$ one of t+e &ra2els and loo3ed at t $artc)larl". I dstnctl"
re'e'ber t+at t +ad a dar3 s$ec3 n t+e centre. I bro)&+t t close to t+e e"e
and so dsco2ered t+at t 8as a s'all +ole a$$arentl" ca)sed b" c+e'cal
acton of so'e 'etal. T+ere +ad been a recent ran1 and t+e coolness 8as
refres+n& to 'e. I notced t+at1 alt+o)&+ t+e &rade 8as stee$1 I felt no
fat&)e n 8al3n&1 b)t '" feet see'ed l&+t1 and '" ste$ b)o"ant as t+e
ste$ of c+ld+ood1 and as I 8al3ed I a&an re2erted to '" late condton of
llness and reDoced n '" $erfect +ealt+ and stren&t+. T+en a sense of &reat
lonelness ca'e o2er 'e and I &reatl" desred co'$an"1 so I reasoned t+)sJ
(o'e one des e2er" 'n)te. If I 8at t8ent" 'n)tes t+e c+ances are &reat
t+at so'e one n t+e 'o)ntans 8ll de1 and t+)s I s+all +a2e co'$an". I
8ated1 and 8+le so don& s)r2e"ed t+e scener" abo)t 'e. To t+e east 8as
a lon& lne of 'o)ntans1 and t+e forest )nderneat+ 'e e#tended to t+e
'o)ntans1 )$ t+er sdes and o)t on to t+e 'o)ntan to$. :nderneat+ 'e la"
a forestCclad 2alle"1 t+ro)&+ 8+c+ ran a bea)tf)l r2er f)ll of s+oals1 8+c+
ca)sed t+e 8ater to r$$le n 8+te s$ra"s. I t+o)&+t t+e r2er loo3ed ')c+
l3e t+e E'erald R2er1 and t+e 'o)ntans1 I t+o)&+t1 as stron&l" rese'bled
6aldron5s Rd&e. On t+e left of t+e road 8as a +&+ bl)ff of blac3 stone1 and
t re'nded 'e of Loo3o)t /o)ntan1 8+ere t+e ralroad $asses bet8een t
and t+e Tennessee R2er. T+)s 'e'or"1 D)d&'ent1 and 'a&naton1 t+e
t+ree &reat fac)ltes of t+e 'nd1 8ere ntact and act2e.
I 8ated for co'$an"1 8+at I D)d&ed to be t8ent" 'n)tesG b)t no one
+ii,IGO- ca'e. T+en I reasoned t+)sJ It s $robable t+at 8+en a 'an des +e
+as +s nd2d)al road to tra2el and ')st tra2el t alone. %s no t8o 'en are
e#actl" al3e1 so1 'ost l3el"1 no t8o tra2el t+e sa'e road nto t+e ot+er
8orld. I reflected t+at as eternal e#stence 8as no8 ass)red1 I +ad no need to
+)rr"1 and so 8al3ed 2er" les)rel" alon&1 no8 sto$$n& and loo3n& at t+e
scener"1 or loo3n& bac3 o2er t+e road1 f1 $erc+ance1 so'e one '&+t co'e
alon&1 and occasonall" t)rnn& and 8al3n& bac38ard1 and t+)s 8atc+n&
t+e road be+nd 'e for co'$an" I so stron&l" desred. I t+o)&+t certanl"
so'e one fro' t+e ot+er 8orld 8o)ld be o)t to 'eet 'e1 t+o)&+1 stran&el"
eno)&+1 I t+o)&+t of no $erson 8+o' abo2e ot+ers I desred to see. %n&els
or fends1 one1 I sad1 8ll co'e o)t to 'eet 'eI 8onder 8+c+ t 8ll beW
I reflected t+at I +ad not bele2ed all t+e C+)rc+ tenets1 b)t +ad 8rtten and
ta)&+t 2erball" a ne8 and1 I bele2ed1 a better fat+. B)t1 I reasoned1 I 3ne8
not+n&1 and 8+ere t+ere s roo' for do)bt t+ere s roo' for 'sta3e. I 'a"1
t+erefore1 be on '" 8a" to a terrble doo'. %nd +ere occ)rred a t+n& +ard
to descrbe. %t dfferent $onts abo)t 'e I 8as a8are of t+e e#$ressed
t+o)&+t1 4ear not1 "o) are safeZ9 I +eard no 2oce1 I sa8 no $erson1 "et I
8as $erfectl" a8are t+at at dfferent $onts1 at 2ar"n& dstances fro' 'e1
so'e one 8as t+n3n& t+at t+o)&+t for '" beneft1 b)t +o8 I 8as 'ade
a8are of t 8as so &reat a '"ster" t+at t sta&&ered '" fat+ n ts realt". %
&reat fear and do)bt ca'e o2er 'e and I 8as be&nnn& to be 2er"
'serable1 8+en a face so f)ll of neffable lo2e and tenderness a$$eared to
'e for an nstant as set 'e to r&+ts )$on t+at score.
()ddenl" I sa8 at so'e dstance a+ead of 'e t+ree $rod&o)s roc3s
bloc3n& t+e road1 at 8+c+ s&+t I sto$$ed1 8ondern& 8+" so far a road
s+o)ld be t+)s bloc3aded1 and 8+le I consdered 8+at I 8as to do1 a &reat
and dar3 clo)d1 8+c+ I co'$ared to a c)bc acre n sNe1 stood o2er '"
+ead. X)c3l" t beca'e flled 8t+ l2n&1 'o2n& bolts of fre1 8+c+
darted +t+er and t+t+er t+ro)&+ t+e clo)d. T+e" 8ere not e#tn&)s+ed b"
contact 8t+ t+e clo)d1 for I co)ld see t+e' n t+e clo)d as one sees fs+ n
dee$ 8ater.
T+e clo)d beca'e conca2e on t+e )nder s)rface l3e a &reat tent and
be&an slo8l" to re2ol2e )$on ts $er$endc)lar a#s. 6+en t +ad t)rned
t+ree t'es1 I 8as a8are of a $resence1 8+c+ I co)ld not see1 b)t 8+c+ I
3ne8 8as entern& nto t+e clo)d fro' t+e so)t+ern sde. T+e $resence dd
not see'1 to '" 'nd1 as a for'1 beca)se t flled t+e clo)d l3e so'e 2ast
ntell&ence. -e s not as I1 I reasonedJ I fll a lttle s$ace 8t+ '" for'1 and
8+en I 'o2e t+e s$ace s left 2od1 b)t +e 'a" fll ''enst" at +s 8ll1
e2en as +e flls t+s clo)d. T+en fro' t+e r&+t sde and fro' t+e left of t+e
clo)d a ton&)e of blac3 2a$o)r s+ot fort+ and rested l&+tl" )$on et+er sde
of '" +ead1 and as t+e" to)c+ed 'e t+o)&+ts not '" o8n entered nto '"
bran.
T+ese1 I sad1 are +s t+o)&+ts and not 'neG t+e" '&+t be n Gree3 or
-ebre8 for all $o8er I +a2e o2er t+e'. B)t +o8 3ndl" a' I addressed n
'" 'ot+er ton&)e t+at so I 'a" )nderstand all +s 8ll.
Yet1 alt+o)&+ t+e lan&)a&e 8as En&ls+1 t 8as so e'nentl" abo2e '"
$o8er to re$rod)ce t+at '" rendton of t s as far s+ort of t+e or&nal as
an" translaton of a dead lan&)a&e s 8ea3er t+an t+e or&nalG for nstance1
t+e e#$resson1 T+s s t+e road to t+e eternal 8orld19 dd not contan o2er
fo)r 8ords1 net+er dd an" sentence n t+e 8+ole +aran&)e1 and e2er"
sentence1 +ad t been 8rtten1 ')st +a2e closed 8t+ a $erod1 so co'$lete
8as t+e sense. T+e follo8n& s as near as I can render tJ
T+s s t+e road to t+e eternal 8orld. Yonder roc3s are t+e bo)ndar"
+ii,IHP- bet8een t+e t8o 8orlds and t+e t8o l2es. Once "o) $ass t+e'1 "o)
can no 'ore ret)rn nto t+e bod". If "o)r 8or3 8as to 8rte t+e t+n&s t+at
+a2e been ta)&+t "o)1 8atn& for 'ere c+ance to $)bls+ t+e'1 f "o)r
8or3 8as to tal3 to $r2ate nd2d)als n t+e $r2ac" of frends+$f t+s
8as all1 t s done1 and "o) 'a" $ass be"ond t+e roc3s. If1 +o8e2er1 )$on
consderaton "o) concl)de t+at t s+all be to $)bls+ as 8ell as to 8rte
8+at "o) are ta)&+t1 f t s+all be to call to&et+er t+e ')ltt)des and teac+
t+e'1 t s not done and "o) can ret)rn nto t+e bod".9
T+e t+o)&+ts ceased and t+e clo)d $assed a8a"1 'o2n& slo8l" to8ard
t+e 'o)ntan n t+e east. I t)rned and 8atc+ed t for so'e t'e1 8+en
s)ddenl"1 and 8t+o)t +a2n& felt '"self 'o2ed1 I stood close to and n
front of t+e t+ree roc3s. I 8as seNed 8t+ a stron& c)rost" t+en to loo3 nto
t+e ne#t 8orld.
T+ere 8ere fo)r entrances1 one 2er" dar31 at t+e left bet8een t+e 8all of
blac3 roc3 and t+e left +and one of t+e t+ree roc3s1 a lo8 arc+8a" bet8een
t+e left +and and t+e 'ddle roc31 and a s'lar one bet8een t+at and t+e
r&+t +and roc31 and a 2er" narro8 $at+8a" r)nnn& aro)nd t+e r&+t +and
roc3 at t+e ed&e of t+e road8a".
I dd not e#a'ne t+e o$enn& at t+e leftI 3no8 not 8+"1 )nless t 8as
beca)se t a$$eared dar31 b)t I 3nelt at eac+ of t+e lo8 arc+8a"s and loo3ed
t+ro)&+. T+e at'os$+ere 8as &reen and e2er"t+n& see'ed cool and E)et
and bea)tf)l. Be"ond t+e roc3s1 t+e road8a"1 t+e 2alle"1 and t+e 'o)ntan
ran&e c)r2ed &entl" to t+e left1 t+)s s+)ttn& off t+e 2e8 at a s+ort dstance.
If I 8ere onl" aro)nd t+ere1 I t+o)&+t1 I s+o)ld soon see an&els or de2ls or
bot+1 and as I t+o)&+t t+s1 I sa8 t+e for's of bot+ as I +ad often $ct)red
t+e' n '" 'nd. I loo3ed at t+e' closel" and dsco2ered t+at t+e" 8ere
not realtes1 b)t t+e 'ere s+ado8" for's n '" t+o)&+ts1 and t+at an" for'
'&+t be bro)&+t )$ n t+e sa'e 8a". 6+at a 8onderf)l 8orld1 I e#cla'ed1
'entall"1 8+ere t+o)&+t s so ntensfed as to ta3e 2sble for'. -o8 +a$$"
s+all I be n s)c+ a real' of t+o)&+t as t+at.
I lstened at t+e arc+8a"s for an" so)nd of 2oce or of ')sc1 b)t co)ld
+ear not+n&. (old s)bstances1 I t+o)&+t1 are better 'eda of so)nd t+an ar1
I 8ll )se t+e roc3s as 'eda1 and I rose and $laced '" left ear to frst one
roc3 and t+en t+e ot+er t+ro)&+o)t1 b)t co)ld +ear not+n&.
T+en s)ddenl" I 8as te'$ted to cross t+e bo)ndar" lne. I +estated and
reasoned t+)sJ I +a2e ded once and f I &o bac31 soon or late1 I ')st de
a&an. If I sta" so'e one else 8ll do '" 8or31 and so t+e end 8ll be as
8ell and as s)rel" acco'$ls+ed1 and s+all I de a&anW I 8ll not1 b)t no8
t+at I a' so near I 8ll cross t+e lne and sta".9 (o deter'nn& I 'o2ed
ca)to)sl" alon& t+e roc3s. T+ere 8as dan&er of falln& o2er t+e sde of t+e
road1 for t+e $at+8a" aro)nd 8as b)t narro8. I t+o)&+t not of t+e arc+8a"s1
I $laced '" bac3 a&anst t+e roc3 and 8al3ed sde8a"s.
I reac+ed t+e e#act centre of t+e roc31 8+c+ I 3ne8 b" a car2ed 3nob n
t+e roc3 'ar3n& t+e e#act bo)ndar". -ere1 l3e CFsar at t+e R)bcon1 I
+alted and $arle"ed 8t+ conscence. It see'ed l3e ta3n& a &ood deal of
res$onsblt"1 b)t I deter'ned to do t1 and ad2anced t+e left foot across
t+e lne. %s I dd so1 a s'all1 densel" blac3 clo)d a$$eared n front of 'e
and ad2anced to8ard '" face. I 3ne8 t+at I 8as to be sto$$ed. I felt t+e
$o8er to 'o2e or to t+n3 lea2n& 'e. /" +ands fell $o8erless at '" sde1
'" s+o)lders and +ead dro$$ed for8ard1 t+e clo)d to)c+ed '" face and I
3ne8 no 'ore.
+ii,IHG-
6t+o)t $re2o)s t+o)&+t and 8t+o)t a$$arent effort on '" $art1 '"
e"es o$ened. I loo3ed at '" +ands and t+en at t+e lttle 8+te cot )$on
8+c+ I 8as l"n&1 and realsn& t+at I 8as n t+e bod"1 n astons+'ent and
dsa$$ont'ent1 I e#cla'edJ 6+at n t+e 8orld +as +a$$ened to 'eW /)st
I de a&anW9
I 8as e#tre'el" 8ea31 b)t stron& eno)&+ to relate t+e abo2e e#$erence
des$te all nD)nctons to E)et. (oon after8ard I 8as seNed 8t+ 2o'tn&1
se2ere and )ncontrollable. %bo)t t+s t'e ,r. 7. -. (e8el1 of Roc38ood1
Tenn.1 called )$on a frendl" 2st1 not 3no8n& I 8as sc3. I 8as
+cco)&+n& terrbl"1 and n cons)ltaton +e sad1 !ot+n& s+ort of a
'racle1 I fear1 can sa2e +'.9
%fter 'an" da"s1 t see'ed to 'e1 t+e te'$erat)re be&an to cree$ )$
and soon ran abo2e nor'al1 b)t onl" a lttle1 8a2ered bac3 and fort+ for a
fe8 da"s1 and settled at a +alf de&ree belo81 8+ere t re'aned d)rn& t+e
&reater $art of con2alescence1 8+en t 'o)nted to nor'al1 t+e $)lse
'o)nted to abo2e fft" for 3ee$s1 as bo"s sa" at 'arbles1 t+en 8ent to
se2ent"Cs#1 and I 'ade a ra$d and &ood reco2er"1 for +a2n& tra2elled
so'e +)ndreds of 'les d)rn& t+e nter2al1 as I close t+s $a$er '" $)lse
stands at e&+t"Cfo)r and s stron&1 D)st e&+t 8ee3s fro' t+e da" I ded19 as
so'e of '" ne&+bo)rs s$ea3 of t.
T+ere are $lent" of 8tnesses to t+e tr)t+ of t+e abo2e state'ents1 n so
far as '" $+"scal condton 8as concerned. %lso to t+e fact t+at D)st as I
descrbed t+e condtons abo)t '" bod" and n t+e roo'1 so t+e" act)all"
8ere. I ')st1 t+erefore1 +a2e seen t+ese t+n&s b" so'e 'eans.
T+e follo8n& are E)estons addressed to ,r. 6ltse abo)t +s
e#$erence1 and +s ans8ersJ
*. X. Yo) $erce2ed t8o &entle'en standn& n t+e door. 6ere t+e"
act)all" standn& n t+e doorW %. T+e" 8ere.
.. X. 6as "o)r face as $ale as "o) $erce2ed t to beW %. It 8as ')c+
$aler as co'$ared 8t+ so'e da"s before1 b)t one 8tness states t+at1 as
co'$ared 8t+ onl" a s+ort t'e before beco'n& )nconsco)s1 t+e face
a$$eared of a dar3 $)r$le +)e.
;. X. ,d "o) not reco&nse an" $erson at all a'on& t+ose 8+o' "o)
$erce2ed n t+e roo'W %. I +ad no t+o)&+t of na'es nor deas of
relatons+$. I +ad a stron& sense of &ood fello8s+$1 f I 'a" so ter' t1 b)t
'" nterest n eac+ see'ed al3e. I ')st +a2e for&otten all $ersonaltes.
<. X. ,d t+e 8as+es 8+c+ "o) $erce2ed t+e ran to +a2e 'ade
act)all" e#stW %. T+e" dd to a 'ar3ed de&ree1 t+ere +a2n& been +ea2"
rans for 'an" Lda"s consec)t2el".
?. X. ,d t+e fabrc n 8+c+ "o) see'ed to be clot+ed rese'ble an"
8+c+ "o) +ad e2er 8ornW %. It dd not1 and I dstnctl" recollect t+n3n&
t+at I +ad no s)c+ clot+n& n t+e +o)se1 alt+o)&+ t dd not t+en occ)r to 'e
t+at I +ad ne2er $ossessed s)c+ a s)t. I t+n31 +o8e2er1 t+at '" brot+er 8+o
8as 2stn& 'e +ad on so'et+n& s)c+ a s)t1 b)t cannot be certan1 as I
cannot learn t+at I 'ade an" reference to an" s)t n t+e roo' as ben& l3e
t 8+le re+earsn& '" e#$erence after a8a3n&. If I co)ld see a s)t l3e t I
s+o)ld reco&nse t at once.
B. X. 6ere "o) $re2o)sl" fa'lar 8t+ t+e noton t+at a delcate t+read1
n cases of trance1 connects t+e et+ereal or&ans' 8t+ t+e ordnar" bod"W
%. Yes1 and t+s 8ll see' to "o) a case of e#$ectanc". I dee' t far to "o)r
+ii,IHH- (ocet" to state1 +o8e2er1 t+at so far fro' bele2n& t+e t+eor" 8as
I t+at n a 2ol)'e of fcton )$on 8+c+ I a' en&a&ed I +ad set do8n an
entrel" dfferent t+eor" as e'anatn& fro' one of t+e c+aracters 8+o s
'ade to teac+ '" o8n $r2ate 2e8s stron&l" eno)&+. 6+en I dsco2ered
t+e t+read '" 'nd dd not &o bac3 to an" $re2o)s recollectons or deas
)$on t+e s)bDect1 as I s+o)ld s)$$ose 8o)ld nat)rall" be t+e case.
,r. 6ltse5s narrat2e s follo8ed b" corroborat2e state'ents fro' f2e
$ersons 8+o 8ere $resent n t+e sc3Croo'1 2N.1 +s 8fe and sster1 t+e
$+"scan n attendance1 and t8o frends. T+ese state'ents are &2en n f)ll
n t+e &roceedings, and s+o8 t+at t+e descr$ton of +s e#$erence &2en b"
,r. 6ltse ''edatel" after reco2ern& consco)sness 8as n all essental
detals t+e sa'e as t+e acco)nt $rnted abo2e. T+e" also confr' 8+at +e
re$orts of t+e act)al e#ternal facts of t+e case1 t+e llness and attendant
crc)'stances.
-ere1 at an" rate1 8+ate2er 2e8 8e ta3e as to t+e so)rce or t+e content
of ,r. 6ltse5s 2son1 t+e fact re'ans t+at t+e $atent1 8+le n a co'atose
state1 al'ost $)lseless1 and at a te'$erat)re ')c+ belo8 t+e nor'al1 dd1
ne2ert+eless1 )nder&o a re'ar3abl" 22d seres of 'ental '$ressons. It s
$lan1 t+erefore1 t+at 8e 'a" err n ot+er cases b" ass)'n& $re'at)rel" t+at
all $o8er of $erce$ton or nference +as ceased.
(ettn& asde t+e 'anfestl" drea'Cl3e or s"'bolcal ele'ent of t+e
2son1 8e obser2e t+at ,r. 6ltse bele2es t+at +s $erce$ton of t+e $eo$le
n t+e roo'1 and of t+e ranC8as+ed streets o)tsde1 8as of a clar2o"ant
t"$e. B)t t+s cannot be $ro2edG for t+e $ct)re of t+e streets '&+t be d)e to
)nconsco)s nferenceG and so'e ac)teness of $erce$ton1 l3e t+at of t+e
let+ar&c +"$notsed s)bDect1 '&+t acco)nt for +s 3no8led&e of
'o2e'ents n t+e roo' 'ade after +s e"es 8ere closed. -o8e2er t+s 'a"
be1 t s $robable t+at f +e +ad act)all" ded1 and f so'e 3nd of 'essa&e
fro' +' +ad been s)bseE)entl" rece2ed1 t+at 'essa&e '&+t +a2e
ncl)ded facts as to t+e scene of deat+ 8+c+ t+e s)r22ors 8o)ld +a2e
bele2ed to +a2e been )n3no8n to +' 8+le stll l2n&1 b)t 8+c+ +e dd n
fact acE)re d)rn& +s co'atose condton.
I 'a" add t+at snce t+e frst $)blcaton of ,r. 6ltse5s narrat2e bot+
,r. -od&son and I +a2e 'ade +s $ersonal acE)antance1 and +a2e f)rt+er
corres$onded 8t+ +' on $s"c+cal e#$er'ents1 8t+ t+e res)lt t+at t+e
e#$erence D)st cted1 t+o)&+ t cannot1 of co)rse1 be 'ade evidentia, +as
rsen n '$ortance n o)r e"es. (ee also anot+er e#$erence of ,r. 6ltse5s
n ''3 A.
% case s'lar n 'an" res$ects to t+e one D)st E)oted s t+at of t+e Re2.
L. 7. Bertrand1 &2en n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *@<. ,)rn& a
dan&ero)s ascent of t+e Ttls1 /r. Bertrand se$arated fro' +s co'$anons1
sat do8n to rest1 and beca'e $aral"sed b" t+e cold. -s +ead1 +o8e2er1
re'aned clear1 and +e e#$erenced t+e sensaton descrbed b" ,r. 6ltse of
$assn& o)t of +s bod" and re'ann& attac+ed to t b" a +ii,IHI- 3nd of
elastc strn&.9 6+le n t+s condton1 +e +ad clar2o"ant '$ressons abo)t
+s absent co'$anons1 and ')c+ astons+ed t+e' on t+er ret)rn b"
descrbn& t+er don&s to t+e'. T+e case1 8+c+ I +a2e not s$ace +ere to
E)ote1 s 2er" re'ote and t+erefore $robabl" contans errors of detalG b)t t
s 'ost l3el" t+at so'e &en)ne clar2o"ance 8as e#+bted.
*1+ A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <?>. T+e ne#t caseI +a2e
&2en t+e $erc$ents t+e na'e of %des a c)ro)sl" co'$lcated oneG b)t
ts e2dental 2al)e rests 'anl" on t+e s'lart" bet8een a reco&nsed
$+anto' seen b" a 'o)rner (and t+erefore not n tself e2dental) and an
)nreco&nsable a$$earance obser2ed at abo)t t+e sa'e t'e b" a near
relaton1 also a8are of t+e deat+.
T+s latter $+eno'enona se&'ent of ll)'naton n a roo' ot+er8se
dar31 and closed a&anst l&+ts )ndo)btedl" rare. Retnal +"$erFst+esa
8ll so'et'es 'a3e a roo' loo3 l&+t for a 'o'ent or t8o 8+en t+e e"es
are frst o$ened1 b)t t+e l'taton of area see's to 'a3e t+s e#$lanaton
'$robable +ere.
/ss C.%. 8rtesJ
1uy *.th, *AAA.
%bo)t t8o 'ont+s before t+e deat+ of '" dear fat+er1 8+c+ occ)rred
on ,ece'ber *>t+1 *AA=1 one n&+t abo)t fro' *. to * %./.1 8+en I 8as n
bed n a $erfectl" 8a3n& condton1 +e ca'e to '" bedsde1 and led 'e
r&+t t+ro)&+ t+e ce'eter" at Rensal Green1 sto$$n& at t+e s$ot 8+ere +s
&ra2e 8as after8ards 'ade.
-e 8as 2er" ll at t+at t'e and n a +el$less condtonso far as +s
ablt" to 8al3 )$ t+ree fl&+ts of stars to '" roo' 8as concerned. I +ad at
t+at t'e ne2er been n t+at ce'eter"1 b)t 8+en I 8ent t+ere after +s
nter'ent t+e scene 8as $erfectl" fa'lar to 'e.
-e led 'e be"ond +s &ra2e to a lar&e ron &ate1 b)t '" recollecton of
t+s $art s conf)sed. I t+ere lost s&+t of +'.
In a later letter /ss C. %. addsJ
It 8as D)st l3e a $anora'a. I cannot sa" f '" e"es 8ere closed or o$en.
%&an1 a da" or t8o before +s deat+1 so'e8+ere bet8een t+e <t+ and t+e
*>t+ of ,ece'ber (t+e da" of +s decease)1 8+en +e 8as l"n& n an
)nconsco)s state n a roo' on t+e &ro)nd floor1 and I slee$n& on t+e
second floor1 I 8as a8o3e s)ddenl" b" seen& a br&+t l&+t n '" bedroo'
t+e 8+ole roo' 8as flooded 8t+ a radance E)te ndescrbableand '"
fat+er 8as standn& b" '" bedsde1 an et+erealsed se'Ctrans$arent f&)re1
b)t "et +s 2oce and +s as$ect 8ere nor'al. -s 2oce see'ed a farCoff
so)nd1 and "et t 8as +s sa'e 2oce as n lfe. %ll +e sad 8as1 Ta3e care
of 'ot+er.9 -e t+en dsa$$eared1 floatn& n t+e ar as t 8ere1 and t+e l&+t
also 2ans+ed.
%bo)t a 8ee3 after8ards1 t+at s to sa"1 bet8een t+e *.t+ and t+e *=t+ of
,ece'ber1 t+e sa'e a$$arton ca'e to 'e a&an1 and re$eated t+e sa'e
8ords. %n a)nt1 to 8+o' I related t+ese t+ree e#$erences1 s)&&ested to 'e
t+at $ossbl" so'et+n& 8as tro)bln& +s s$rt1 and I t+en $ro'sed +er
t+at s+o)ld '" dear fat+er 2st 'e a&an I 8o)ld ans8er +'. T+s occ)rred
a s+ort t'e after8ards. On t+s1 t+e fo)rt+1 occason +e re$eated t+e sa'e
+ii,IHJ- 8ords1 and I re$led1 Yes1 fat+er.9 -e t+en added1 I a' n $erfect
$eace.9
%$$arentl" +e 8as satsfed 8t+ t+s to" ass)rance. (nce t+at t'e I
+a2e net+er seen nor +eard an" 'ore.
I +a2e ne2er before or snce +ad an" s)c+ e#$erence.
((&ned) C.%.
/rs. %de 8rtesJ
2arch, *AA@.
To8ards t+e 'ddle of t+e 'ont+ of October *AA= Lsnce f#ed b" letters
of t+at "ear as ()nda"1 October .;rd1 *AA=M1 n fact1 as nearl" as I can recall1
abo)t t+e t'e 8+en C.5s fat+er frst a$$eared to +er n a s$rt)alsed for'1 I
+ad a sn&)lar and 'ost 22d '$resson t+at t+e $ost 8o)ld brn& 'e bad
ne8s. 6e 8ere t+en n (8tNerland. I co)ld dal" fro' '" 8ndo81 at **..>
%./. to a 'o'ent1 see t+e tran arr2e 8+c+ bro)&+t o)r En&ls+ letters.
T+ese 8ere ta3en to t+e $ostCoffce close b" and sortedG and abo)t t8ent"
'n)tes after t+e tran ca'e n '" letters (f an") 8ere $laced )$on '"
table. On ()nda" 'ornn&s t+e En&ls+ C+)rc+ ser2ce be&an at *>.;>1 so
t+at b" **.<> t+e c+a$lan 8as 8ell ad2anced n +s ser'on. On t+at one
$artc)lar ()nda" t 8as1 as nearl" as I can tell1 e#actl" at t+at 'o'ent of
t'e I s)ddenl" felt ')c+ dstressed and 'entall" dst)rbed1 feeln&
con2nced t+at bad ne8s 8as a8atn& 'e on '" ret)rn to t+e +otel. I +ad to
$)t consderable force )$on '"self to refran fro' rsn& fro' '" seat and
lea2n& t+e c+)rc+.
/" $resent'ent 8as onl" too tr)eG on '" 8rtn&Ctable I fo)nd a 'ost
a&onsn& letter fro' T. (C.5s elder sster) telln& 'e t+at t+er fat+er +ad +ad
a 'ost alar'n& attac3 of llness (t+s 8as t+e frst of t+e t+ree seN)res
8+c+ res)lted n +s decease on ,ece'ber *>t+). One $ont I 8o)ld
es$ecall" notceG a$$arentl" t+s letter con2e"ed no '$resson to '" 'nd
so lon& as t 8as n t+e tran or at t+e $ostCoffce1 b)t too3 effect )$on 'e so
soon as t 8as $)t )$on '" 8rtn&Ctableca'e 8t+n '" s)rro)ndn&s1 as
t 8ere.
6e ret)rned to En&land on ,ece'ber *st. %fter C.5s fat+er5s deat+
d)rn& t+e n&+t of ,ece'ber *.t+*;t+I 8as slee$n& n a s'all bac3
roo' on t+e &ro)nd floor of a lod&n& n London1 a roo' 8+c+ +ad onl"
one 8ndo81 closed b" s+)tters and a t+c3 c)rtan. T+e &as n t+e $assa&e
8as $)t o)t 8+en I 8ent to bed1 so t+at1 after I +ad e#tn&)s+ed '" candle1
t+e roo' 8as s+ro)ded n '$enetrable dar3nessdar3ness t+at co)ld be
felt. %bo)t ; %./. on t+e 'ornn& of t+e *;t+ I a8o3e en stursaut, as t+e
4renc+ e#$resson +as t (t+at s to sa"1 I 8as1 8de a8a3e1 not n a +alfC
drea'" condton)1 to see t+e roo' )$ to t+e celn&1 for abo)t t+e 8dt+ of
'" bed1 and e#tendn& to t+e fre$lace o$$oste1 flooded 8t+ a $ale &olden
radance1 an )neart+l" l&+tE)te )nl3e an" 8e are acE)anted 8t+G t
see'ed to co'e fro' be+nd t+e bedG so br&+t 8as t t+at I co)ld dstnctl"
see t+e des&n on t+e 8allC$a$er o$$oste 'e1 and o2er t+e fre$lace. T+s
$a$er 8as a 2er" $ale 4renc+ &re"1 of t8o tnts1 o)tlned +ere and t+ere 8t+
a t+n lne of colo)r. T+s effect lasted1 as nearl" as I can tell1 abo)t f2e
'n)tes1 d)rn& 8+c+ I o$ened and s+)t '" e"es (e2eral t'es1 clas$ed
and )nclas$ed '" +ands1 and +t '"self to be certan t+at I 8as not
drea'n&. 6+en t+e l&+t 8ent I 8as n total dar3ness as before.
T+at sa'e da" I confded t+e crc)'stance to T. (Clara5s sster)1 be&&n&
+er not to tell +er abo)t t1 snce C. 8as feeln& +er fat+er5s deat+ 'ost
ac)tel"G b)t 8+en a da" or t8o later C. told 'e of +s t+ree a$$earances to
+er1 and of t+s sa'e re'ar3able &olden l&+t 8+c+ acco'$aned t+e'1 I
related to +e +ii,IHK- 8+at I +ad '"self seen1 e#$ressn& '" re&ret t+at a8e
or astons+'ent +ad $re2ented 'e fro' s$ea3n& or 'a3n& so'e s&nG
t+o)&+1 )nl3e +erself1 I +ad seen no s+ado8" for' a$$roac+ 'e. T+e
t+o)&+t t+en occ)rred to 'e t+at t+ere '&+t be so'et+n& re&ardn& 8+c+
t+e deceased 8s+ed to be satsfedso'et+n& 8+c+ $re2ented +s s$rt
fro' obtann& $erfect rest1 and I s)&&estedG to +er t+at s+o)ld t+s
e#$erence be re$eated to et+er of )s 8e s+o)ld ans8er +'. T+e res)lt s
stated n C.5s acco)nt.
/" o8n '$resson s t+at +s s$rt tred to co'')ncate 8t+ 'e1 b)t
n '" &reat a'aNe'ent at t+e 2son I 8as )nable to rece2e +s 'essa&e. C.
8as $re$ared.
Later on2N.1 n a letter1 dated 4ebr)ar" .=t+1 *AAA1 C.1 8+en 8rtn&
to 'e1 sa"sJ 6+en I told "o) n '" last letter1 dear a)nte1 t+at I +ad
spoBen, t 8as fro' "o)r ad2ce1 for "o) told 'e to do so. !o81 I ')st tr"
and e#$lan to "o) D)st 8+at +a$$ened. It 8as abo)t fo)r o5cloc3 n t+e
'ornn&1 or e2en earler. % br&+t l&+t s)ddenl" ca'e nto '" roo'not a
l&+t l3e fro' a fre or a candle1 b)t a &lo8 of goden ight. T+en I sa8 a
for'1 E)te 8+te1 bend o2er 'e1 and n '" darln& fat+er5s 2oce I +eard
t+ese 8ordsJ HTa3e care of 'ot+erI a' n $erfect $eace.I I sadJ HYes1
fat+er.I %nd t+en t+e l&+t b" de&rees dsa$$eared. (nce t+s1 I +a2e not
seen or +eard an"t+n& 'ore1 and I +a2e a $eeing t+at I s+all ne2er a&an1 as
I feel s)re t+at all +e 8anted to sa" +e +as sad1 and s at rest snce I
ans8ered +'. 6+at "o) tell 'e as +a2n& +a$$ened to "o) on t+e n&+t of
,ece'ber *.t+ s1 ndeed1 $assn& stran&e. I s+o)ld so l3e to 3no8 8+at
8as 'eant to tell "o). -a2e "o) an" deaW It s stran&e t+at bot+ "o) and I
s+o)ld see t+e sa'e l&+t. Yo) see I told "o) frst1 so t co)ld not +a2e been
a drea'1 as I '&+t $ossbl" +a2e fanced f "o) +ad told of "o)r stran&e
l&+t (for I do so'et'es drea' of t+n&s 8+c+ I +ear and read of). If
an"t+n& s+o)ld +a$$en a&an I 8ll1 8rte t do8n1 and let "o) 3no8 at
onceG b)t1 so'e+o81 I feel I s+all not.9
In f)rt+er letters /rs. %de sa"sJ
Apri *st, *AA@.
I ')st no8 add to '" state'ent n '" last (so $ost2el" $)t)1 as to onl"
a se&'ent of '" roo' ben& ll)'ned1 8+at I t+en o'tted1 2N.1 t+at 8+at
'ade 'e so certan of t+s fact 8ast+at net+er t+e 8+te ')slnCco2ered
dressn&Ctable on '" r&+t +and1 nor t+e 8ardrobe standn& a&anst t+e 8all
on '" left +and1 8ere 2sble to 'e on t+at occasonZ !oG 8+en I sa8 t+s
l)'nost" I +ad +eard not+n& of '" nece5s e#$erences )$ to t+at date.
I +a2e occ)$ed t+e sa'e roo' a&an n t+e nter2al 8+c+ +as snce
ela$sed1 and fo)nd t+at t+e roo' 8as so obsc)re t+at e2en n 8nter da"l&+t
(no fo&) 8+en l"n& on t+e bed I co)ld not 'a3e o)t t+e des&n on t+e 8allC
$a$er o$$oste 'e1 alt+o)&+ on t+e occason I t+ere 'enton e2er" lttle
detal of for' and colo)r 8as s+ar$l" defned.
/" +)sband +ad to $ass t+ro)&+ '" roo' to &et to +s1 and 8+en +e left
o)r sttn&Croo' t+e 8+ole +o)se 8as n bed. It 8as +s b)sness to
e#tn&)s+ t+e feeble lttle &asCDet 8+c+ 8as left b)rnn&. -ad +e for&otten
to do t+s1 t+e l&+t fro' t+e b)rner co)ld not +a2e rese'bled 8+at I sa8.
/" nece +as 'ore t+an once ass)red 'e $ost2el" t+at s+e at no ot+er
t'e +as e2er +ad an" +all)cnaton of t+e senses.9 I cannot recall e2er
+a2n& +ad an" +all)cnatons 8+c+ dd not 'ean an"t+n&1 or rat+er1
8+c+ +a2e not co'e tr)e1f I e#ce$t La 2son 8+c+ 'a" or 'a" not
+a2e corres$onded to realt"1 b)t cannot at $resent be testedM.
+ii,IHL-
*1' A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .?. /rs. P. 8rtesJ
1une @th, *AA?.
O)r 'ot+er ded 8+le 8e 8ere all 2er" "o)n&G and as I1 t+e fo)rt+ c+ld
of se2en1 8as t+e eldest l2n& da)&+ter1 I beca'e earl" acE)anted (fro'
'" e&+t+ "ear) 8t+ sorro8 of 2aro)s 3nds and de&rees1 $rnc$all"
ca)sed1 +o8e2er1 b" t+e +ars+ness and freE)ent ne&lect of +o)se3ee$er and
ser2ants to8ards '" bab" brot+er and sster. T+e t8o eldest bo"sbet8een
8+o' and '"self 8as a &a$ of so'e "ears8ere al'ost al8a"s a8a" fro'
+o'e1 and )lt'atel" 8ent abroad1 so t+at fro' t+e t'e I 8as E)te a lttle
c+ld I 8as contn)all" 8t+ '" fat+er1 8+o 'ade ')c+ of 'e1 and at last I
beca'e +s constant co'$anon. -e ne2er 'arred a&an1 and o)r lo2e 8as
$robabl"1 t+erefore1 a closer )non e2en t+an co''onl" e#sts bet8een a
fat+er and da)&+ter 8+le t+e latter s of tender "ears. It 8as a &reat $an to
'e e2er to be a8a" fro' +'1 es$ecall" after '" fo)rteent+ "ear1 at 8+c+
t'e +e be&an to 'a3e 'e +s confdante as 8ell as co'$anonG and 8e +ad
freE)ent earnest tal3s and dsc)ssons on 'an" s)bDects. %t len&t+1 8+en I
8as abo)t e&+teen "ears old1 a terrble &ref befell )s1 2N.1 t+e deat+ of '"
t8o elder brot+ers 8t+n a fe8 8ee3s of eac+ ot+er1 8+le t+e" 8ere stll
abroad.
/" fat+er5s sorro8 8as &reatG and at t+e sa'e t'e +e beca'e sero)sl"
tro)bled 8t+ 'an" do)bts re&ardn& 2aro)s $onts of C+rstan fat+1 and
so &rad)all" lost nearl" all +s b)o"anc" of s$rt1 and beca'e sadl"
de$ressed and 8ornCloo3n&1 t+o)&+ onl" fort"Ce&+t "ears old. 4or a "ear
+e t+)s s)ffered1 8+en t 8as arran&ed t+at1 so soon as +e co)ld $lan to
lea2e +o'e1 +e s+o)ld &o to so'e seasde $lace1 and tr" 8+at ne8 scenes
8o)ld effect -e also $ers)adedna"1 nsstedt+at I s+o)ld &o a8a" for
a8+le1 8t+o)t 8atn& for +'1 and acco'$an" so'e frends to (o)t+
,e2ons+re.
T+e 8rter t+en narrates +o8 a s)dden s)''ons bro)&+t +er bac3 to
fnd +er fat+er dead.
I 8ent earl" to bed1 to esca$e t+e $resence and s"'$at+etc 'nstratons
of t+e 'an" n t+at 3nd +o)se+old 8+o &at+ered aro)nd 'eG and b" '"
o8n c+oce I s+ared t+e roo' of a 'ot+erl"Cloo3n& $ersona&e1 8+o' I
s)$$osed to be '" co)sn5s n)rse. (+e occ)$ed t+e lar&er bed n t+e roo'1
and I a s'aller one $laced at so'e dstance fro' +ers. (+e 8as soon aslee$
and breat+n& +ea2l"G b)t I 8as l"n& n dee$est an&)s+1 beset not onl"
8t+ t+e &ref of t+e s)dden loss s)staned1 b)t 8t+ t+e 8retc+ed fear t+at
'" belo2ed fat+er +ad ded too s)ddenl" to fnd $eace 8t+ God1 re&ardn&
t+ose 'serable do)bts t+at +ad so tro)bled +'. %s t+e n&+t 8ore on1 t+e
$an of +eart and t+o)&+t &re8 8orse and 8orse1 and at len&t+ I 3nelt n
$ra"er1 earnestl" $leadn& t+at '" dstressf)l t+o)&+ts '&+t be ta3en a8a"1
and an ass)rance of '" fat+er5s $eace be &2en 'e b" God5s /ost -ol"
($rt. !o ''edate relef ca'e1 +o8e2er1 and t 8as earl" da8n 8+en I
rose fro' '" 3nees1 and felt t+at I ')st be $atent and 8at for t+e ans8er
of '" $ra"er.
!o8 a lon&n& s)ddenl" seNed 'e to cree$ nto t+at 3ndCfaced
8o'an5s bed1 and to feel $er+a$s less lonel" t+ere. -er bed 8as o$$oste a
8ndo81 o2er 8+c+ a 8+te blnd 8as dra8n1 and as I softl" lfted t+e
bedclot+es and sat for a 'o'ent after dra8n& '" feet )$ nto t+e bed1 I
notced t+e $ale da8n feebl" l&+tn& )$ t+e 8ndo81 and t+e 'o2e'ent of
a lttle brd on t+e sll o)tsdeG b)t t+e roo' tself 8as as "et al'ost dar3.
+ii,IHM-
I 8as D)st abo)t to sl$ E)etl" do8n nto t+e bed1 8+en on t+e o$$oste
sde of t (t+at on 8+c+ t+e n)rse 8as slee$n&) t+e roo' beca'e s)ddenl"
f)ll of bea)tf)l l&+t1 n t+e 'dst of 8+c+ stood '" fat+er absol)tel"
transf&)red1 clot+ed 8t+ br&+tness. -e slo8l" 'o2ed to8ards t+e bed1
rasn& +s +ands1 as I t+o)&+t1 to clas$ 'e n +s ar'sG and I eDac)latedJ
4at+erZ9 -e re$led1 Blessed for e2er1 '" c+ldZ 4or e2er blessedZ9 I
'o2ed to cl'b o2er n)rse and 3ss +'1 reac+n& o)t '" ar's to +'G b)t
8t+ a loo3 of 'n&led sadness and lo2e +e a$$eared to float bac3 8t+ t+e
l&+t to8ards t+e 8all and 8as &oneZ T+e 2son occ)$ed so s+ort a t'e
t+at1 &lancn& n2ol)ntarl" at t+e 8ndo8 a&an1 I sa8 t+e 'ornn& da8n
and t+e lttle brd D)st as t+e" +ad loo3ed a fe8 'n)tes before. I felt s)re
t+at God +ad 2o)c+safed to 'e a 8onderf)l 2son1 and 8as not n t+e least
afrad1 b)t1 on t+e contrar"1 f)ll of a Do" t+at bro)&+t floods of &ratef)l tears1
and co'$letel" re'o2ed all an&)s+ e#ce$t t+at of +a2n& lost '" fat+er
fro' eart+. I offer no e#$lanaton1 and can onl" sa" 'ost s'$l" and
tr)t+f)ll" t+at t all +a$$ened D)st as I +a2e related.
Yo) 'a" fnd a sol)ton to t+e occ)rrence n t+e s"'$at+" 8+c+ +ad
e#sted bet8een '" dear fat+er and '"selfG or1 as frends +a2e often
nssted1 n t+e condton of e#cte'ent and e#+a)ston 8+c+ I 8as
s)ffern& at t+e t'eG b)t after all t+ese "ears of lfe and e#$erence1 t+e
'e'or" of t+at 8onderf)l 'ornn& s e2er 22dl" fres+1 and rea, and true.
T+e 8rter5s +)sband adds1 )nder date 7)ne *=t+1 *AA?J
T+e narrat2e1 as related abo2e1 s s)bstantall" t+e sa'e &2en to 'e b"
/rs. P. as earl" as *AB?1 and at s)bseE)ent $erods.
6.B.P.
%nd ,r. and /rs. C1 referred to abo2e1 8rte1 7)ne *Bt+1 *AA?J
T+e $recedn& narrat2e 8as related to )s b" /rs. P.1 s)bstantall" as
+ere recorded1 so'e fo)r or f2e "ears a&o.
7%/E( C.
ELLE! -. C.
!o8 co'es t+e case 8+c+ +as e2dental '$ortance.
In t+e "ear *AB= I 8as 'arred1 and '" +)sband too3 a +o)se at (1
E)te a ne8 one1 D)st b)lt n 8+at 8as1 and stll s $robabl"1 called Clff
To8n19 as ben& at a &reater ele2aton t+an t+e older $art of t+e to8n. O)r
lfe 8as e#ceedn&l" br&+t and +a$$" t+ere )ntl to8ards t+e end of *AB@1
8+en '" +)sband5s +ealt+ a$$eared to be faln&1 and +e &re8 deDected and
'ood". Tr"n& n 2an to ascertan t+e ca)se for t+s1 and ben& re$eatedl"
ass)red b" +' t+at I 8as too fancf)l19 and t+at t+ere 8as not+n& t+e
'atter 8t+ +'19 I ceased to 2e# +' 8t+ E)estons1 and t+e t'e $assed
E)etl" a8a" tll C+rst'as E2e of t+at "ear (*AB@).
%n )ncle and a)nt l2ed n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood1 and t+e" n2ted )s to
s$end C+rst'as ,a" 8t+ t+e'to &o E)te earl" n t+e 'ornn& to
brea3fast1 acco'$aned b" t+e 8+ole of o)r s'all +o)se+old.
6e arran&ed t+erefore to &o to bed at an earl" +o)r on t+e n&+t of t+e
.<t+1 so as to be )$ bet'es for o)r 'ornn& 8al3. ConseE)entl" at @
o5cloc31 8e 8ent )$stars1 +a2n& as )s)al caref)ll" attended to bars and
bolts of doors1 and at abo)t @.;> 8ere read" to e#tn&)s+ t+e la'$G b)t o)r
lttle &rla bab" of ffteen 'ont+s&enerall" 8o3e )$ at t+at t'e1 and
after drn3n& so'e +ii,IHN- 8ar' 'l3 8o)ld slee$ a&an for t+e rest of t+e
n&+tG and1 as s+e +ad not "et a8a3ened1 I be&&ed '" +)sband to lea2e t+e
la'$ b)rnn& and &et nto bed1 8+le I1 8ra$$ed n a dressn&C&o8n1 la" on
t+e o)tsde of t+e bed 8t+ t+e cot on '" r&+t +and. T+e bedstead faced t+e
fre$lace1 and not+n& stood bet8een b)t a settee at t+e foot of t+e bed. On
et+er sde of t+e c+'ne" 8as a lar&e recess1t+e one to t+e left (as 8e
faced n t+at drecton) +a2n& a c+est of dra8ers1 on 8+c+ t+e la'$ 8as
standn&. T+e entrance door 8as on t+e sa'e sde of t+e roo' as t+e +ead of
t+e bed and to the e$t o$ itfacn&1 t+erefore1 t+e recess of 8+c+ I s$ea3.
T+e door 8as loc3edG and on t+at sa'e sde (to '" left) '" +)sband 8as
l"n&1 8t+ t+e c)rtan dra8n1 to8ards 8+c+ +s face 8as t)rned.
LPlan of roo' &2en1 o'tted +ere.M
%s t+e bed +ad c)rtans onl" at t+e +ead1 all before )s 8as o$en and
d'l"Cl&+ted1 t+e la'$ ben& t)rned do8n.
T+s ta3es so'e t'e to descrbe1 b)t t 8as stll D)st abo)t @.;>1
Gertr)de not "et a8a3e1 and I D)st $)lln& '"self nto a +alfCsttn& $ost)re
a&anst t+e $llo8s1 t+n3n& of not+n& b)t t+e arran&e'ents for t+e
follo8n& da"1 8+en to '" &reat astons+'ent I sa8 a &entle'an standn&
at t+e foot of t+e bed1 dressed as a na2al offcer1 and 8t+ a ca$ on +s +ead
+a2n& a $roDectn& $ea3. T+e l&+t ben& n t+e $oston 8+c+ I +a2e
ndcated1 t+e face 8as n s+ado8 to me, and t+e 'ore so t+at t+e 2stor 8as
leann& )$on +s ar's 8+c+ rested on t+e footCral of t+e bedstead. I 8as
too astons+ed to be afrad1 b)t s'$l" 8ondered 8+o t co)ld beG and1
nstantl" to)c+n& '" +)sband5s s+o)lder (8+ose face 8as t)rned fro' 'e)1
I sad1 6lle1 8+o s t+sW9 /" +)sband t)rned1 and for a second or t8o
la" loo3n& n ntense astons+'ent at t+e ntr)derG t+en lftn& +'self a
lttle1 +e s+o)ted 6+at on eart+ are "o) don& +ere1 srW9 /ean8+le t+e
for'1 slo8l" dra8n& +'self nto an )$r&+t $oston1 no8 sad n a
co''andn&1 "et re$roac+f)l 2oce1 6lleZ 6lleZ9
I loo3ed at '" +)sband and sa8 t+at +s face 8as 8+te and a&tated. %s
I t)rned to8ards +' +e s$ran& o)t of bed as t+o)&+ to attac3 t+e 'an1 b)t
stood b" t+e bedsde as f afrad1 or n &reat $er$le#t"1 8+le t+e f&)re
cal'l" and slo8l" 'o2ed to#ards the #a at r&+t an&les 8t+ t+e la'$ n
t+e drecton of t+e dotted lne Ls+o8n n t+e $lanM. %s t $assed t+e la'$1 a
dee$ s+ado8 fell )$on t+e roo' as of a 'ateral $erson s+)ttn& o)t t+e
l&+t fro' )s b" +s nter2enn& bod"1 and +e dsa$$eared1 as t 8ere1 nto
t+e 8all. /" +)sband no81 n a 2er" a&tated 'anner1 ca)&+t )$ t+e la'$1
and t)rnn& to 'e sad1 I 'ean to loo3 all o2er t+e +o)se1 and see 8+ere +e
s &one.9
I 8as b" t+s t'e e#ceedn&l" a&tated too1 b)t re'e'bern& t+at t+e
door 8as loc3ed1 and t+at t+e '"stero)s 2stor +ad not &one to8ards t at
all1 re'ar3ed1 -e +as not &one o)t b" t+e doorZ9 B)t 8t+o)t $a)sn&1 '"
+)sband unocBed the door, +astened o)t of t+e roo'1 and 8as soon
searc+n& t+e 8+ole +o)se. (ttn& t+ere n t+e dar31 I t+o)&+t to '"self1
6e +a2e s)rel" seen an a$$artonZ 6+ate2er can t ndcateW$er+a$s '"
brot+er %rt+)r (+e 8as n t+e na2"1 and at t+at t'e on a 2o"a&e to Inda) s
n tro)bleJ s)c+ t+n&s +a2e been told of as occ)rrn&.9 In so'e s)c+ 8a" I
$ondered 8t+ an an#o)s +eart1 +oldn& t+e c+ld1 8+o D)st t+en a8a3ened1
n '" ar's1 )ntl '" +)sband ca'e bac3 loo3n& 2er" 8+te and 'serable.
(ttn& )$on t+e bedsde1 +e $)t +s ar' abo)t 'e and sad19 ,o "o)
3no8 8+at 8e +a2e seenW9 %nd I sad1 Yes1 t 8as a s$rt. I a' afrad t
8as +ii,IHO- %rt+)r1 b)t co)ld not see +s face9and +e e#cla'ed1 O+Z
no1 t 8as '" fat+erZ9
/" +)sband5s fat+er had been dead $ourteen yearsV +e +ad been a na2al
offcer n +s "o)n& lfeG b)t1 t+ro)&+ llC+ealt+1 +ad left t+e ser2ce before
'" +)sband 8as born1 and t+e latter +ad onl" once or t8ce seen +' n
)nfor'. = +ad ne2er seen +' at all. /" +)sband and I related t+e
occ)rrence to '" )ncle and a)nt1 and 8e all notced t+at '" +)sband5s
a&taton and an#et" 8ere 2er" &reatJ 8+ereas +s )s)al 'anner 8as cal'
and reser2ed n t+e e#tre'e1 and +e 8as a t+oro)&+ and a2o8ed sce$tc n
allsoCcalleds)$ernat)ral e2ents.
%s t+e 8ee3s $assed on '" +)sband beca'e 2er" ll1 and t+en &rad)all"
dsclosed to 'e t+at +e +ad been n &reat fnancal dffc)ltesG and t+at1 at
t+e t'e +s fat+er 8as t+)s sent to )s1 +e 8as nclnn& to ta3e t+e ad2ce of
a 'an 8+o 8o)ld certanl"+ad '" +)sband "elded to +' (as. +e +ad
ntended before +earn& t+e 8arnn& 2oce)+a2e led +' to r)n1 $er+a$s
8orse. It s t+s fact 8+c+ 'a3es )s 'ost retcent n s$ea3n& of t+e e2entG
n addton to 8+c+1 '" +)sband +ad alread" been led to s$ec)late )$on
certan c+ances 8+c+ res)lted n fal)re and nfnte sorro8 to )s bot+1 as
8ell as to ot+ers1 and 8as ndeed t+e ca)se of o)r co'n& to 1 after a
"ear of ')c+ tro)ble1 n t+e 7an)ar" of *A=*.
!one of )s 8ere $artc)larl" read" to bele2e n s)c+ e2dences1
not8t+standn& '" e#$erence at '" fat+er5s deat+1 beca)se 8e +ad
re&arded t+at as a s$ecal ans8er to $ra"erG so t+at no condton of o2erC
8ro)&+t ner2es19 or s)$erstto)s fears19 co)ld +a2e been t+e ca)se of t+e
'anfestaton1 b)t onl"1 so far as 8e +a2e been able to D)d&e b" s)bseE)ent
e2ents1 a drect 8arnn& to '" +)sband n t+e 2oce and a$$earance of t+e
one t+at +e +ad 'ost re2erenced n all +s lfe1 and 8as t+e 'ost l3el" to
obe".
,r. and /rs. C1 frends of /rs. and /r. P.1 add t+e follo8n& noteJ
1une *Bth, *AA?.
T+s narrat2e 8as told )s b" /rs. P.1 as +ere recorded1 so'e "ears a&o.
7.C.
ELLE! -. C.
/r. P. confr's as follo8s1 7)ne *=t+1 *AA?J
6t+o)t 8s+n& to add 'ore to t+e ncdents recorded +eren b" '"
8fe1 I 8o)ld s'$l" note t+at t+e detals of !o. . are E)te correct1 and t+at
t+e occ)rrence too3 $lace as stated.Y
6.B.P.
*1' B . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .;B. In t+e narrat2e ne#t
to be cted1 t+ere s a record of $rolon&ed speech, b)t n s)c+ cases1
es$ecall" 8+en fe8 or no act)al 8ords are E)oted1 8e can +ardl" be s)re as
to t+e de&ree of e#ternalsaton 8+c+ t+e 2oce ass)'es. T+e a$$arton
+ere see's to +a2e at least co'$re+ended t+e $erc$ent5s n8ard st)aton1
alt+o)&+ t s not clear t+at an" $redcton reE)rn& s)$ernor'al ns&+t 8as
act)all" 'ade. I o8e t+e narrat2e to t+e 3ndness of /r. /orell T+eobald1
8+o $rnted t frst n .ight for /arc+ ?t+1 *A@.. It s 8rtten on an old $ece
of $a$er (sent to 'e) and 'ar3ed 4or /r. B.5s $r2ate $er)sal.9 T+e +stor"
of t+e $a$er s as follo8sJ% /r. C. +ii,IIP- (I ')st not &2e t+e na'es)1
8ell 3no8n to /r. T+eobald1 and +oldn& a &ood $oston n one of t+e
%)stralan colones1 dsco2ered t a'on& t+e $r2ate $a$ers of +s )ncle1 /r.
B.1 8+o ded t8el2e "ears a&o. T+e a$$arton1 as 8ll be seen1 occ)rred on
October .<t+1 *AB>1 and t+e acco)nt s endorsed on !o2e'ber @t+ b" t+e
$erc$ent5s fat+er. 4)rt+er $artc)lars1 sent to /r. B. b" t+e $erc$ent (8+o
s +ere called /r. ,.) are dated !o2e'ber *;t+1 *AB>. T+e frst acco)nt
see's to +a2e been sent b" t+e $erc$ent to +s fat+er1 and b" t+e fat+er to
/r. B.
T+e $erc$ent +as been dentfed1 and confr's1 as 8ll be seen1 t+s
earl" narrat2e1 8+c+ s as follo8sJ
On t+e e2enn& of 6ednesda"1 October .<t+1 *AB>1 +a2n& retred to bed
abo)t nne o5cloc31 I +ad sle$t1 I concl)de1 abo)t t8o +o)rs1 'a3n& t t+en
abo)t ele2en o5cloc3 P./. I 8as a8o3e fro' '" slee$ b" a +and to)c+n&
'" fore+ead1 and t+e 8ellC3no8n 2oce of /rs. B. $rono)ncn& '" na'e1
E. I started )$1 and sat n bed1 r)bbed '" e"es1 and t+en sa8 /rs. B. 4ro'
t+e +ead to t+e 8ast t+e f&)re 8as dstnct1 clear1 and 8ellCdefnedJ b)t
fro' t+e 8ast do8n8ards t 8as all 'st" and t+e lo8er $art trans$arent.
(+e a$$eared to be dressed n blac3 sl3. -er co)ntenance 8as &ra2e and
rat+er sad1 b)t not )n+a$$".
T+e 8ords s+e frst )ttered 8ereJ I +a2e left dear 7o+nG9 8+at follo8ed
related entrel" to '"self1 and s+e 8as $er'tted b" a 'ost 3nd Pro2dence
to s$ea3 8ords of 'erc"1 $ro'se1 and co'fort1 and ass)rance t+at 8+at I
'ost 8s+ed 8o)ld co'e to $ass. (+e ca'e to 'e n an +o)r of btter
'ental a&on"1 and 8as sent as a 'essen&er of 'erc".
I 8o)ld +a2e s$o3en 'ore to +er1 b)t t+e for' faded1 and n ans8er to
an earnest a$$eal1 a 2oce ca'e to 'e 8+c+1 t+o)&+ a$$arentl" +)ndreds of
'les a8a"1 8as dstnct and clear1 sa"n&1 Onl" bele2e19 and s+e 8as
&one.
T+ro)&+o)t t+e nter2e8 I felt no fear1 b)t an n8ard1 +ea2enl" $eace.
It 8as ne8 'oon1 b)t t+e roo' 8as as l&+t as da"Z
O)r ne#t nfor'aton conssts of a state'ent of /r. ,.5s1 8rtten n re$l"
to /r. B.5s E)estons1 !o2e'ber *;t+1 *AB>1 fo)nd (n /r. B.5s +and8rtn&)
a'on& /r. B.5s $a$ers1 and no8 s)''arsed for )s b" /r. C.
/r. ,. +ad been aslee$1 b)t co)ld not sa" +o8 lon&. -ad not seen /rs.
B. for se2eral 'ont+s. Can5t recollect 8+at dress s+e +ad on t+en. 6as not
n bad +ealt+. 6as alone n t+e +o)se. T+e s)bDect of +s an#et" 8as not
3no8n to /rs. B. nor connected 8t+ +er. T+e a$$arton see'ed to 8at for
E)estons1 and 8+en $)t t+e" 8ere ans8ered. T+e s)bDect of t+e
co'')ncaton 8as one &reatl" nfl)encn& +s t+o)&+ts and feeln&s1 and
+ad been dee$l" a&tatn& +' before +e 8ent to bed. It 8as not a rel&o)s
'atterG b)t (cr$t)ral lan&)a&e 8as )sedG /ar3 #. .;1 .< 8ere E)oteda
$assa&e 8ell 3no8n to t+e 8rter1 and often d8elt )$on b" +'. T+e
8ndo8 faces nort+. T+e n&+t 8as 8et and clo)d". T+e 8rter dd not $)t t
do8n at t+e t'e1 bele2n& t too real e2er to be for&otten. -e +ad not
'entoned t to an" one b)t +s fat+er and L/r.M B. -e sa8 t+e notce of t+e
deat+ for t+e frst t'e on (at)rda" n t+e <bserver. Resded abo)t ten 'les
fro' Ga8ler1 8+c+ s t8ent"Cf2e 'les fro' %delade.
+ii,IIG-
/r. C. +as for8arded to )s a $rnted e#tract fro' t+e South Austraian
7egister of October .?t+1 *AB>1 8+c+ ncl)des a notce of t+e deat+ of /rs.
B. on October .<t+1 at Ban3 (treet1 %delade. T+e hour of t+e deat+ s f#ed
b" /r. C.5s o8n recollecton1 de$endn& on +s o8n f#ed +abts at t+e t'e.
-e 8rtes to /r. T+eobald )nder date /a" ;rd1 *A@.J
I 8as at t+at t'e a cler3 n '" )ncle5s offce1 8+c+ 8as at +s +o)se n
Ban3 (treet1 %deladeG b)t 8as sta"n& D)st t+en at Glenell". I left t+e offce
at < P./. on t+e .;rd after sa"n& &oodCb"e to /rs. B.1 lea2n& +er n +er
)s)al state of +ealt+. (+e 8as ta3en ll abo)t ** P./.1 and as3ed freE)entl"
for 'e1 e#$ressn& a stron& desre not to de before I arr2edG b)t 8+en I &ot
to t+e +o)se at t+e )s)al t'e1 abo)t *> %./. ne#t 'ornn&1 I 8as 'et 8t+
t+e ne8s t+at s+e +ad been dead abo)t t8o +o)rs.
T+e deat+1 t+erefore1 +ad ta3en $lace 'ore t+an t8el2e +o)rs before t+e
a$$arton 8as seen.
/r. ,. 'a3es a sl&+t 'sta3e n +s or&nal acco)nt1 n sa"n& t+at t
8as ne8 'oon1 8+ereas t+e 'oon 8as t+en ten da"s old. B)t as t 8as a
clo)d" n&+t1 and +s 8ndo8 faced nort+1 t+e l&+t b" 8+c+ t+e f&)re 8as
seen 8as do)btless1 as n so 'an" of t+ese cases1 tself a $art of t+e
a$$arton.
%t /r. T+eobald5s reE)est /r. C. co'')ncated 8t+ /r. ,.1 8+o s
stll l2n&G and 8e +a2e t+erefore t+e o$$ort)nt" of co'$arn& a t+rt"
"ears5 old recollecton 8t+ t+e sa'e $erson5s conte'$orar" state'ent. T+e
co'$arson s+o8s t+at1as I bele2e to be often t+e case1t+e 'e'or" of
t+e s)$ernor'al ncdent +ad not gro#n, b)t d#inded.
Re'nded n a &eneral 8a"1 b)t 8t+o)t detal1 of t+e occ)rrence1 /r. ,.
8rtes (n a letter seen b" 'e)1 %$rl .*st1 *A@.J
T+ere 8as no con2ersaton. (+e onl" sad to 'e1 E.1 I +a2e left dear
7o+n.9 I cannot re'e'ber 8+et+er t 8as 8et or notG b)t as to t+e 'oon1 t
8as not at all l3e t+at l&+t. It 8as 'ore l3e an electrc l&+tGa s)bd)ed
brllanc".Y -o8 lon& dd t+e s$rt re'an n con2ersaton 8t+ 'eW9
Certanl" not 'ore t+an f2e 'n)tes1 f so lon&.Y I sent t+e acco)nt to '"
fat+er1 8+o $robabl" +anded t to L/r.M B.
4)rt+er re'nded of +s conte'$orar" acco)nt1 /r. ,. 8rtes1 /a" *st1
*A@.JI a$$ear to +a2e s$o3en1 b)t +a2e no dstnct recollecton of don&
so. 6+at s+e dd sa" 8as entrel" $ersonal.9 It related to t+e re'o2al of a
$anf)l 's)nderstandn& 8t+ a frend. (o far as I 3no8 s+e +ad ne2er
seen1 or e2en +eard of1 t+e frend all)ded to.9 /r. ,. declnes to &2e f)rt+er
detalG b)t +e stll consders t+at t+e co'')ncaton s+o8ed a $lenar"
3no8led&e9 of facts $ersonal to +'self. -s +estaton of 'e'or" see's to
+a2e been on t+e $ont 8+et+er t+e +o$e and consolaton 8ere con2e"ed b"
s$o3en 8ords1 or n so'e drecter fas+on. T+e confdence ns$red b" t+e
'essa&e 8as1 +e tells )s1 D)stfed b" t+e res)lt. T+e s)$$osed con2ersaton
n t+s case 'a" +a2e been 'ore drea'Cl3e t+an t+e $erc$ent 'a&ned. It
'a" +a2e ta3en $lace1 so to sa"1 n +s o8n 'nd1 8t+o)t defnte a)dtor"
e#ternalsaton.
+ii,IIH-
*1' C . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *>. T+e fo)r ncdents 8+c+
follo8 8ere 8rtten o)t for 'e n *AAA b" a lad" 8+o' I 8ll ter' /rs. V.1
8+o +as +ad ot+er e#$erences so'e8+at s'lar1 8+c+1 for $r2ate
reasons1 s+e does not 8s+ to &2e. I a' 8ell acE)anted 8t+ /rs. V.1 and
8t+ +er +)sband1 8+o +as +eld an '$ortant $oston n Inda.
I. In *A=< I 8as n Inda1 at a +ll staton. On t+e =t+ 7)ne1 bet8een one
and t+ree o5cloc3 n t+e 'ornn&1 I 8o3e 8t+ t+e sensaton t+at +alf '" lfe
+ad been ta3en fro' 'e (I can onl" descrbe t+e feeln& n t+s 2a&)e 8a").
I sat )$ and $ressed '" sde n 8onder at 8+at 8as +a$$enn&. I t+en sa8
'ost bea)tf)l l&+ts at t+e end of t+e roo'G t+ese l&+ts &a2e $lace to a
clo)d1 and after a fe8 'o'ents t+e face of a dear sster1 t+en l2n& (as I
bele2ed)1 a$$eared n t+e clo)d1 8+c+ re'aned a lttle 8+le and t+en
&rad)all" faded a8a". I beca'e ')c+ alar'ed and at once felt I s+o)ld +ear
bad ne8s of '" sster1 8+o 8as l2n& n London and +ad been 2er" ll1
t+o)&+ t+e last acco)nts 8e +ad rece2ed +ad been better. I told '" +)sband
8+at +ad +a$$ened1 and 8+en a tele&ra' 8as bro)&+t b" a frend at e&+t
o5cloc3 t+at 'ornn& I 3ne8 8+at ts contents ')st be. T+e tele&ra'
contaned t+e ne8s of '" sster5s deat+ d)rn& t+e $re2o)s n&+t.
II. In *AA? I 8as $resent n c+)rc+ at t+e confr'aton of '" sster5s
"o)n&est bo". I 8as n t+e leftC+and &aller" of t+e c+)rc+1 t+e bo" n t+e
bod" of t+e c+)rc+1 on t+e r&+t sde. %s I 8as 3neeln&1 I loo3ed to8ards
t+e o$$oste &aller"1 8+c+ 8as of dar3 8ood. T+ere I sa8 t+e +alf f&)re of
'" ssterG t+e +ead and ar's o)tstretc+ed +&+ abo2e t+e bo"1 as f blessn&
+'. 4or t+e 'o'ent I t+o)&+t t 8as '$ossble1 and closed '" e"es for a
fe8 seconds. O$enn& t+e' a&an I sa8 t+e sa'e bea)tf)l for'1 8+c+
al'ost ''edatel" 2ans+ed.
III. In Inda1 n t+e 8nter of *AA*1 t+e +)sband of an acE)antance 8as
l"n& dan&ero)sl" ll at a +otel abo)t f2e 'les fro' )s. Rno8n& t+s1 I
8ent freE)entl" to nE)re after +'. One $artc)lar e2enn& I re'aned 8t+
+s 8fe so'e t'e1 as t+e doctor t+o)&+t +s condton 'ost crtcal. 6+en I
ret)rned +o'e1 abo)t ten o5cloc3 t+at n&+t1 I ordered beef essences and
Delles to be 'ade to send earl" t+e ne#t 'ornn&.
T+e n&+t 8as $erfectl" cal' and s)ltr"1 not a leaf strrn&. %bo)t t8el2e
o5cloc3 t+e 2enetans n '" bedroo' s)ddenl" be&an to s+a3e and
3noc3n&s 8ere +eard1 8+c+ see'ed to $roceed fro' a bo# )nder '"
8rtn&Ctable. T+e 3noc3n& and s+a3n& of t+e 2enetans 8ent on for +alfC
anC+o)r or 'ore1 off and on.
,)rn& t+s t'e I +eard a na'e 8+s$ered1 % B1 of 8+c+ t+e
C+rstan na'e 8as )n3no8n to 'e1 t+e s)rna'e ben& t+e 'aden na'e of
t+e sc3 'an5s 8fe. I felt so certan t+at I 8as 8anted at t+e +otel t+at I
8s+ed to start at once1 b)t I 8as ad2sed not to do so at t+at +o)r of t+e
n&+t. Earl" t+e ne#t 'ornn& a 'essen&er arr2ed 8t+ a note be&&n& 'e
to &o at once to t+e +otel1 as '" frend5s +)sband +ad ded at one o5cloc3.
6+en I reac+ed t+e +otel1 s+e told 'e +o8 s+e +ad 8s+ed to send for 'e
d)rn& t+e n&+t 8+lst +s deat+ 8as '$endn&. I 8ent at once to sta" 8t+
+er tll after t+e f)neral1 and fo)nd t+at t+e C+rstan na'e I +ad +eard
8+s$ered 8as t+e na'e of +er brot+er 8+o +ad ded se2en "ears
$re2o)sl".
IV. In *AA< 8e 8ere sta"n& n a 2lla n t+e so)t+ of 4rance. One n&+t1
+ii,III- soon after 8e arr2ed1 I 8ent fro' '" roo' )$stars to fetc+
so'et+n& n t+e dra8n&Croo' (8+c+ 8as on t+e &ro)nd floor)1 and sa8 a
sl&+t f&)re &on& do8n t+e stars before 'e n a 8+te &arb 8t+ a bl)e
sas+ and lon& &olden +ar. (+e &lded on nto a roo' near t+e +all door. T+s
startled and '$ressed 'e so ')c+ t+at I after8ards 8ent to t+e +o)seCa&ent
and as3ed f an" one +ad latel" ded n t+at +o)se 8t+ lon& &olden +ar. -e
re$led t+at an %'ercan lad"1 "o)n& and sl&+t1 8t+ &olden +ar1 +ad ded
t+ere a fe8 'ont+s beforen t+e 2er" roo' nto 8+c+ I +ad seen t+e
f&)re &ldn&.
I tal3ed o2er t+e cases 8t+ /r. V.1 and noted +s re'ar3s.
In Case I. +e re'e'bers ben& told n t+e 'ornn& of /rs. V.5s 2son1
t+o)&+ at t+s dstance of t'e +e cannot state 8+et+er t+e tele&ra'
anno)ncn& t+e deat+ +ad arr2ed before +e 8as told.
In Case II. +e 8as told at once of t+e ncdent.
On Case III. +e +as 'ade and s&ned t+e follo8n& re'ar3sJ
T+s nose rese'bled t+e s+a3n& of t+e ld of t+e tn bo#. I &ot )$ and
8ent to t+e bo#1 8+c+ contn)ed 'a3n& t+e nose1 to see f t+ere 8ere rats1
b)t t+ere 8ere none. T+ere 8ere no rats n t+e +o)se1 and t+ere 8as not+n&
n t+e bo#. % n&+tCl&+t 8as b)rnn& n t+e roo'. T+e rattln& 8as
contn)o)snot l3e 8+at a rat co)ld $rod)ce. It 8ent on a&an after I +ad
n2est&ated t n 2an. T+s ncdent 8as )nE)e n '" e#$erence.
/rs. V. added n con2ersatonG T+e C+rstan na'e 8+s$ered 8as
-enr". T+s brot+er 8as not an Indan offcal1 and I +ad ne2er +eard of
+'.9 /rs. V.5s acE)antance 8t+ t+e lad" 8+ose +)sband 8as d"n& 8as
not an nt'ate one.
In Case IV. /r. V. a&an nfor's 'e t+at +e 8as told at once of t+e
ncdent. T+e na'e of t+e 2lla 8as La Baronne1 of t+e +o)seCa&ent1 /r.
Ta"lor.
*1* A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .>. T+e follo8n& acco)nt
8as rece2ed fro' /ss Pearson1 *? 4tNro" (E)are1 London1 6.C.
Apri *AAA.
T+e +o)se1 *@ (t. 7a'es5s Place1 Green Par31 +ad been ta3en on a 2er"
lon& lease b" '" &randfat+er1 a solctor1 n lar&e co)nt" $ractce1 +a2n&
+s offces n Esse# (treet1 (trand. T+ere '" fat+er 8as born and +s t8o
ssters1 %nn and -arret. %)nt %nn ded n *A?A1 lea2n& all s+e $ossessed
to %)nt -arret1 8+o re'aned n t+e +o)se. T+e" +ad been de2otedl"
attac+ed to eac+ ot+er. In !o2e'ber *AB< I 8as s)''oned to Br&+ton. /"
%)nt -arret 8as t+en 2er" ll t+ere. /rs. Co$$n&er1 t+e da)&+ter of /r.
T+o'as Pearson1 '" fat+er5s brot+er1 8as t+ere1 and +er son1 /r. Geor&e
7a'es1 b" +er frst +)sband1 ca'e )$ and do8n. ElNa X)nton 8as n)rsn&
+er. (+e onl" cra2ed to &o bac3 to t+e old +o)se 8+ere s+e 8as born1 and I
'ade arran&e'ents 8t+ t+e ral8a" co'$an" and too3 +er +o'e.
T+s 8as n t+e second 8ee3 n ,ece'ber. (+e beca'e 8orse and
8orse. ElNa contn)ed to n)rse +er1 and /rs. Co$$n&er1 /rs. 7o+n
Pearson1 t+e 8fe of a ne$+e81 and '"self +el$ed 8t+ t+e n&+t 8or3.
/ss -arret Pearson sle$t n a lar&e t+reeC8ndo8ed bedroo' o2er t+e
dra8n&Croo'. T+e roo' be+nd 8as occ)$ed b" /rs. Co$$n&er and
'"self1 +ii,IIJ- t+o)&+ one of )s 8as &enerall" n t+e $atent5s roo' at
n&+t. On t+e n&+t of ,ece'ber ..nd1 *AB<1 /rs. 7o+n Pearson 8as n t+e
roo'1 /rs. Co$$n&er and '"self n t+e bac3 roo'G t+e +o)se l&+ted )$ on
t+e landn&s and starcases1 o)r door 8de o$en.
%bo)t * or . %./. on t+e 'ornn& of ,ece'ber .;rd1 bot+ /rs.
Co$$n&er and '"self started )$ n bedG 8e 8ere net+er of )s slee$n&1 as
8e 8ere 8atc+n& e2er" so)nd fro' t+e ne#t roo'.
6e sa8 so'e one $ass t+e door1 s+ort1 8ra$$ed )$ n an old s+a8l1 a
8& 8t+ t+ree c)rls eac+ sde and an old blac3 ca$. /rs. Co$$n&er called
o)t1 E''a1 &et )$1 t s old %)nt %nn.9 I sad1 (o t s1 t+en %)nt -arret
8ll de toda".9 6e D)'$ed )$1 and /rs. 7o+n Pearson ca'e r)s+n& o)t of
t+e roo' and sad1 T+at 8as old %)nt %nn. 6+ere s s+e &one toW9 I sad
to soot+e +er1 Per+a$s t 8as ElNa co'e do8n to see +o8 +er 'stress s.9
/rs. Co$$n&er ran )$stars and fo)nd ElNa slee$n& n t+e ser2ants5 roo'.
(+e 8as 2er" a8eCstr)c3 b)t cal'1 dressed and ca'e do8n. E2er" roo'
8as searc+ed1 no one 8as t+ere1 and fro' t+at da" to t+s no e#$lanaton +as
e2er been &2en of t+s a$$earance1 e#ce$t t+at t 8as old %)nt %nn co'e to
call +er sster1 and s+e ded at B P./. t+at da".
E//% /. PE%R(O!.
T+e +o)se3ee$er1 8+o s stll 8t+ /ss Pearson1 8rtes as follo8sJ
Apri ;rd, *AAA.
I 8as l2n& 8t+ /ss %nn and /ss -arret Pearson1 n *@ (t. 7a'es5s
Place. %fter t+e deat+ of /ss %nn I re'aned 8t+ +er sster1 and 8+en s+e
beca'e 2er" ll and 8as ordered c+an&e of ar1 I 8ent 8t+ +er as n)rse to
Br&+ton. /rs. Co$$n&er 8as t+ere and /r. Geor&e 7a'es no8 and t+en.
/ss E''a Pearson 8as sent for and ca'e do8n. (+e bro)&+t +er a)nt
bac3 to London. I contn)ed to n)rse +er. I re'e'ber on t+e earl" 'ornn&
of ,ece'ber .;rd ben& called )$ b" /rs. Co$$n&er1 8+o sad t+at s+e1
/ss E''a1 and /rs. 7o+n Pearson +ad seen so'e one co'e )$stars and
$ass nto t+e $atent5s roo'. 6as t IW I sad1 no. /rs. Co$$n&er sad1 T+e"
sad t 8as old %)nt %nn.9 6e searc+ed t+e +o)se and co)ld fnd no one.
/ss -arret ded n t+e e2enn& of t+at da"1 b)t before t+at told all of )s
t+at s+e +ad seen +er sster and 3ne8 t 8as +er1 and s+e +ad co'e to call
+er.
ELIV% X:I!TO!.
In a se$arate letter of t+e sa'e date /ss Pearson addsJ
I no8 re'e'ber '" a)nt sa"n& +er sster +ad co'e for +er1 for s+e
+ad seen +er.9
*1* B . In t+e follo8n& case1 a c+ld1 8+le a$$arentl" E)te 8ell1 feels
t+e '$resson of a$$roac+n& deat+1 and ascrbes t to +s dead brot+er5s
call. (4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <.@.)
T+s case 8as frst $rnted n t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna, /a"
?t+1 *A@<. /r. B. B. Rn&sb)r"1 8+o contrb)ted t1 states t+at t+e nfor'ant
s a 'e'ber of t+e Presb"teran C+)rc+1 and +er +)sband +as confr'ed +er
as to t+e state'ent of 2oces +eard b" t+e lttle bo" calln& +'. /r.
Rn&sb)r" adds t+at bot+ are 8ort+" of t+e +&+est credt. T+e fat+er s
so'e8+at of a senst2e9 and t+e 'ot+er +as +ad t8o or t+ree +ii,IIK-
clar2o"ant e#$erences +erself. T+e state'ent D)st as t 8as &2en b" t+e
'ot+er r)ns as follo8sJ
Is t+ere a lfe be"ond t+e &ra2eW -ad I e2er do)bted t+at t+ere s a lfe
be"ond (8+c+ I ne2er for a 'o'ent dd)1 '" do)bt 8o)ld +a2e been
re'o2ed b" 8+at I call a 2son. In *AA; I 8as t+e 'ot+er of t8o stron&
+ealt+" bo"s. T+e eldest 8as a br&+t bo" of t8o "ears and se2en 'ont+s.
T+e ot+er1 a darln& bab" bo" of e&+t 'ont+s. %)&)st Bt+1 *AA;1 '" bab"
ded. Ra"1 '" lttle son1 8as t+en n $erfect +ealt+. E2er" da" after bab"5s
deat+ (and I 'a" safel" sa" e2er" +o)r n t+e da") +e 8o)ld sa" to 'e1
/a''a1 bab" calls Ra".9 -e 8o)ld often lea2e +s $la" and co'e r)nnn&
to 'e1 sa"n&1 /a''a1 bab" calls Ra" all t+e t'e.9 E2er" n&+t +e 8o)ld
8a3en 'e o)t of '" slee$1 and sa"1 /a''a1 bab" calls Ra" all t+e t'e.
-e 8ants Ra" to co'e 8+ere +e sG "o) ')st not cr" 8+en Ra" &oes1
'a''a1 "o) ')st not cr"1 for bab" 8ants Ra".9 One da" I 8as s8ee$n&
t+e sttn&Croo' floor1 and +e ca'e r)nnn& as fast as +e co)ld r)n1 t+ro)&+
t+e dnn&Croo' 8+ere stood t+e table 8t+ bab"5s +&+ c+ar (8+c+ Ra"
no8 )sed) at t+e sde. I ne2er sa8 +' so e#cted1 and +e &rabbed '" dress
and $)lled 'e to t+e dnn&Croo' door1 Der3ed t o$en1 sa"n&1 O+1
'a''a1 'a''a1 co'e E)c3G bab" s sttn& n +s +&+ c+ar.9 %s soon as
+e o$ened t+e door and loo3ed at t+e c+ar +e sad1 O+1 'a''a1 8+" ddn5t
"o) +)rr"G no8 +e5s &oneG +e la)&+ed at Ra" 8+en +e $assed t+e c+arG o+1
+e la)&+ed at Ra" so nce. Ra" s &on& 8t+ bab"1 b)t "o) ')st not cr"1
'a''a.9 Ra" soon beca'e 2er" sc3. !)rsn& and 'edcne 8ere of no
a2al. -e ded October *;t+1 *AA;1 t8o 'ont+s and se2en da"s after bab"5s
deat+. -e 8as a c+ld of +&+ ntell&ence and 'at)red far be"ond +s "ears.
6+et+er t s $ossble for t+e dead to ret)rn1 and 8+et+er '" bab" ca'e
bac3 and 8as seen b" +s lttle brot+er or not1 8e lea2e for ot+ers to D)d&e.
In re$l" to ,r. -od&son5s nE)res1 /rs. -. 8roteJ
,E4I%!CE1 O-IO1 *ecember *;th, *A@<.
In re$l" 8ll sa" t+at /r. Rn&sb)r"5s acco)nt n t+e 7eigio,
&hiosophica 1ourna for /a" ?t+ last of '" lttle bo"5s clar2o"ance
s+ortl" before +s deat+ s correct n e2er" detal. 6+en t+e c+ld ran to 'e
telln& 'e t+e bab" 8as sttn& n +s c+ar at t+e table1 t+ere 8as no one n
t+e +o)se b)t t+e ser2ant &rl1 lttle Ra"1 and '"self. I told t+e &rl not+n&
abo)t t and s+e dd not +ear t+e c+ldG b)t as soon as '" +)sband ca'e to
dnner I told +'. %fter t+at 8e tal3ed freel" of t+e 'atter to se2eral of o)r
frends. Lttle Ra" 3ne8 not+n& of deat+1 8e +ad ne2er s$o3en of t to +'
n an" 8a"G t+e last t'e I too3 +' to t+e bab"5s &ra2e s+ortl" before +e
8as ta3en sc3 8e 8ere sttn& b" t+e &ra2e1 and I t+o)&+t1 O+Z f I co)ld
onl" ta3e bab" )$ and loo3 at t for D)st one 'n)te1 I 8o)ld feel so &lad.9
(nstanty Ra" sad to 'e1 /a''a1 let )s ta3e bab" )$ and loo3 at t D)st
one 'n)teG t+en 8e 8ll feel better.9 7)st as 8e 8ere lea2n& t+e &ra2e +e
s'oot+ed t 8t+ +s lttle +and1 and sad1 Ra" s &on& to le do8n and
slee$ r&+t +ere besde lttle brot+er1 b)t "o) ')st not cr"1 'a''a.9 -e s
no8 l"n& D)st 8+ere +e sad +e 8o)ld.
&.S.I 8s+ to sa" t+at I +a2e ne2er 3no8n ')c+ of 8+at s called
'odern ($rt)als'1 b)t 8as born and reared a Presb"teran and stll belon&
to t+at C+)rc+1 of 8+c+ I a' an act2e 'e'ber.
4.-.
+ii,IIL-
/r. -. 8rote as follo8sJ
9ebruary .=th, *A@?.
/R. R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1In re&ard to B. B. Rn&sb)r"5s
state'ent n t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna of /a" ?t+1 *A@<1 I can tr)l"
sa" t+at '" 8fe related t to 'e t+e da" t occ)rred 8+en I ca'e to dnner. I
freE)entl" +eard o)r lttle bo" tell +s 'a''a t+at t+e bab" called +' all
t+e t'e.Yo)rs res$ectf)ll"1
6.-.-.
T+e follo8n& corroboraton 8as also rece2edJ
**B (://IT (TREET1 ,E4I%!CE1 O-IO1 9ebruary .=th, *A@?.
R. -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1I can tr)l" sa" t+at /rs. and /r. -. often
s$o3e to 'e of Ra" seen& t+e bab" n t+e c+ar before +e too3 sc3. T+e"
told 'e t+e ne#t da" after t +a$$ened.
/R(. 7. -. (-:LTER(.
*1* C . T+e ne#t case a$$eared or&nall" n &hantasms o$ the .iving,
2ol. . $. .>A. It ca'e fro' Ca$tan Cecl !orton1 late of t+e ?t+ Lancers1
8+o 8rote as follo8sJ
? X:EE!5( G%TE1 (.6.1 *ecember .>th, *AA?.
%bo)t C+rst'as t'e1 *A=? or *A=B1 ben& offcer on d)t"1 I 8as seated
at t+e 'essCtable of t+e ?t+ Lancers n t+e 6est Ca2alr" Barrac3s at
%lders+ot. T+ere 8ere ten or t8el2e ot+er offcers $resent1 and a'on&st
t+e' /r. 7o+n %t3nson (no8 of Erc+font /anor1 near ,e2Nes1 6lts)1 t+e
()r&eonC/aDor of t+e re&'ent1 8+o sat on '" r&+t1 b)t at t+e end of t+e
table f)rt+est fro' 'e and ne#t to /r. R)ssell. LCa$tan !orton 8as sttn&
at t+e end of t+e table and drectl" facn& t+e 8ndo8.M %t abo)t A.<? P./.
%t3nson s)ddenl" &lared at t+e 8ndo8 to +s r&+t1 t+ereb" attractn& t+e
notce of R)ssell1 8+o seNn& +s ar'1 sad1 Good &raco)s1 ,octor1 8+at5s
t+e 'atter 8t+ "o)W9 T+s ca)sed 'e to loo3 n t+e drecton n 8+c+ I sa8
%t3nson loo3n&1 2N.1 at t+e 8ndo8 o$$oste1 and I t+ere sa8 (for t+e
c)rtans 8ere loo$ed )$1 alt+o)&+ t+e roo' 8as l&+ted b" a $o8erf)l
central &as l&+t n t+e roof and b" candles on t+e table) a "o)n& 8o'an1 n
8+at a$$eared a soled or so'e8+at 8orn brdal dress1 8al3 or &lde slo8l"
$ast t+e 8ndo8 fro' east to 8est. (+e 8as abo)t at t+e centre of t+e
8ndo8 8+en I obser2ed +er1 and o)tsde t+e 8ndo8. !o $erson co)ld
+a2e act)all" been n t+e $oston 8+ere s+e a$$eared1 as t+e 8ndo8 n
E)eston s abo)t ;> feet abo2e t+e &ro)nd.
T+e nearest b)ldn&s to t+e 8ndo8 referred to are t+e Infantr"
Barrac3s o$$oste1 abo)t ;>> "ards dstant. Be+nd 8+ere I sat s a
conser2ator"1 8+c+ 8as e#a'ned b" 'e1 as 8ell as t+e front 8ndo81
''edatel" after t+e occ)rrence. T+ere 8as no $erson n t+e conser2ator".
LIt 8as )n)sed n t+e 8nter.M T+e nearest b)ldn&s to t are t+e offcers5
stables1 o2er 8+c+ are t+e staffCser&eants5 E)arters1 abo)t ?> "ards dstant.
T+e occ)rrence 'ade lttle f an" '$resson )$on 'e1 t+o)&+ t
'$ressed ot+ers 8+o 8ere n t+e roo'. %ll $resent +ad been drn3n& 2er"
lttle 8neG and t+e dnner +ad been 2er" E)et.
It +as D)st occ)rred to 'e t+at I 'a" be 8ron& as to t+e t'e of t+e "ear1
and t+at t+e occ)rrence 'a" +a2e ta3en $lace abo)t *?t+ October or abo)t
*?t+ /arc+.
CECIL !ORTO!.
+ii,IIM-
/r. %t3nson 8roteJ
ERC-4O!T /%!OR1 ,EVIVE(1 August ;*st, *AA?.
T+e a$$earance of a 8o'an 8+c+ I sa8 $ass t+e 'essCroo' 8ndo8 at
%lders+ot see'ed to be o)tsde1 and t $assed fro' east to 8est. T+e 'essC
roo' s on t+e frst floor1 so t+e 8o'an 8o)ld +a2e been 8al3n& n t+e ar.
T+ere +as been a 2er" nce stor" 'ade o)t of tl3e 'ost ot+er &+ostC
stores1 fo)nded on an o$tcal ll)son.
/r. G)rne" addedJ
Ca$tan !orton5s viva voce acco)nt 'ade t tolerabl" clear1 n '"
o$non1 t+at t+e case 8as one of haucination, not ll)son. -e f)rt+er
'entons t+at bot+ /r. %t3nson and +e 8ere satsfed t+at t+e face and
for' of t+e 8o'an seen 8ere fa'lar19 t+o)&+ t+e" co)ld not at t+e
'o'ent dentf" t+e $erson. Ca$tan !orton after8ards felt s)re t+at t+e
l3eness 8as to a $+oto&ra$+ 8+c+ +e 8as n t+e +abt of seen& n t+e
roo' of t+e 2eternar" s)r&eon of t+e re&'ent1 re$resentn& t+e s)r&eon5s
deceased 8fe n brdal dress. Oddl" eno)&+1 t+s 'an 8as at t+e t'e1
)n3no8n to +s frends1 act)all" d"n&1 or 8t+n a da" or t8o of deat+1 n
t+e sa'e b)ldn&. B)t /r. %t3nson recalls not+n& abo)t t+e $+oto&ra$+G
and t+e concdence s not one to 8+c+ 8e can attac+ 8e&+t.
(nce t+e $)blcaton of t+e acco)nt n &hantasms 8e obtaned fro' t8o
of t+e offcers 8+o 8ere $resent at t+e t'e t+er recollectons of t+e
ncdent. T+e letters relatn& to t+s 8ere $rnted n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $. =B1 fro' 8+c+ I $roceed to E)ote. Le)tenant Bea)'ont1 n ans8er
to a 8rtten reE)est for +s recollecton of t+e alle&ed a$$arton n t+e ?t+
Lancers5 'essCroo' at %lders+ot1 8rtesJ
-ILL(I,E1 B:RGE(( -ILL1 (:((E01 2arch *>th, *A@=.
I 8ell re'e'ber t+e ncdent "o) refer to1 and s+all be $leased to tell
"o) t+e crc)'stances as I recollect t+e'.
It ')st +a2e been n *A=B1 and n October1 I fanc". It so +a$$ened t+at
on t+e n&+t n E)eston t+ere 8ere 2er" fe8 offcers $resent at t+e 'ess
dnnerso far as I can recollect onl" !orton1 E. t+e 2eternar" s)r&eon1 ,r.
%t3nson and '"self1 8+o1 ben& orderl" offcer1 sat at t+e end of t+e table.
It 8as1 I t+n31 to8ards t+e close of t+e dnner1 t+e ser2ants +a2n& retred
and 8e 8ere s'o3n& and c+attn&1 8+en I 8as ')c+ str)c3 8t+ t+e
e#$resson on t+e faces of '" brot+er offcers1 8+o a$$eared to be &aNn& n
a'aNe'ent at so'et+n& behind 'e. %t frst I t+o)&+t t 8as so'e Do3e1 b)t
t+e" eac+ of t+e' sero)sl" descrbed 8+at t+e" +ad seen1 2N.1 a f&)re of a
8o'an n 8+te1 8+o $assed slentl" t+ro)&+ t+e roo'1 co'n&1 as t 8ere1
fro' t+e anteCroo' and &on& be+nd 'e t+ro)&+ t+e door o$$oste. It 8as
'$ossble to do)bt1 fro' t+er faces at t+e t'e1 t+at t+ere 8as so'et+n&
e#traordnar" +a$$enn&. I after8ards as3ed t+e' sero)sl" abo)t t1 and
()r&eonC/aDor %t3nson1 8+o 8as a lon& 8a" t+e senor1 and a +ardC
+eaded 'an1 ass)red 'e t+at +e +ad certanl" seen t+e a$$arton1 and +e
see'ed ')c+ '$ressed. T+e ot+ers 8ere eE)all" confdent1 and ass)red 'e
t+ere 8as no c+aff abo)t t. It 8as freE)entl" all)ded to after8ards n a
Do3n& 8a"1 b)t I bele2e t+at all t+ose $resent t+o)&+t t )ncann".9
+ii,IIN-
I ')st tell "o) t+at none of )s +ad 'bbed 'ore t+an a &lass or t8o of
claret1 and t 8as a 'ost e#ce$tonall" E)et e2enn& at 'ess.
I t+n3 E. ded not lon& after.Y
/O!T/ORE!CY BE%:/O!T.
T+s letter +a2n& been s+o8n to Ca$tan !orton1 +e 8rote t+at
Le)tenant Bea)'ont 8as 'sta3en n s)$$osn& t+at /r. E. 8as $resent on
t+e occason. -e also sent )s a s3etc+ (re$rod)ced n t+e 1ourna) of t+e
$oston of t+e offcers1 8+c+ a&rees 8t+ +s o8n earler acco)nt1 b)t not
8t+ t+e $resent recollectons of Le)tenant Bea)'ont. T+e dscre$anc"1
+o8e2er1 s of co'$arat2el" sl&+t '$ortance.
T+e second offcer 8+ose test'on" +as been obtaned1 Le)tenantC
Colonel 6lla's1 8rtesJ
ROCR4IEL,(1 -ERE4OR,1 2arch Ath, *A@=.
I a' afrad I can &2e "o) 2er" lttle nfor'aton on t+e s)bDectG t s so
'an" "ears snce t+e affar too3 $lace t+at I +a2e nearl" for&otten all abo)t
t. %ll t+at I re'e'ber s t+at one n&+t 8+en 8e 8ere a 2er" s'all $art" at
'ess1 so'e t'e d)rn& t+e dnner1 I t+n3 D)st before be&nnn& dessert1 I
notced ,r. %t3nson loo3n& n rat+er a $ec)lar 8a" at t+e 8ndo8 at t+e
to$ of t+e roo'1 and I t+n3 '" brot+erCnCla8 LCa$tan !ortonM sad to +'
or +e sad to Ca$tan !orton1 ,d "o) see tW9 T+ere 8as so'e lttle Do3n&
abo)t t at t+e t'e1 and on as3n& '" brot+erCnCla8 after dnner 8+at +e
reall" +ad seen1 +e told 'e t+at +e +ad seen a lad" n a 8+te dress and dar3
+ar cross t+e 8ndo8 on t+e o)tsde.
-:G- P. 6ILLI%/(.
/rs. %t3nson1 t+e 8do8 of ()r&eonC/aDor %t3nson1 n ans8er to a
letter as3n& f +er late +)sband +ad e2er s$o3en to +er on t+e s)bDect of t+e
a$$arton at t+e 'essCtable of t+e ?t+ Lancers at %lders+ot1 8rtesJ
ERC-4O!T /%!OR1 ,EVIVE(1 2arch **th L*A@=M.
It s E)te tr)e t+at '" +)sband sa8 t+e a$$earance at %lders+ot n
*A==G +e often told 'e abo)t t. T+e" 8ere n t+e !ort+ Ca2alr" Barrac3s
LCa$tan !orton states t+at t+ere 8ere no !ort+ Ca2alr" Barrac3s at
%lders+ot1 b)t t+at t 8as n t+e 6est Ca2alr" Barrac3sM at %lders+ot1 and
8ere at 'ess n t+e 'essCroo'1 8+c+ s on t+e frst floor1 a &reat dstance
fro' t+e &ro)nd. T+ere s no balcon" o)tsde or e2en a led&e (I bele2e). /"
+)sband and Ca$tan !orton 8ere t+e onl" t8o sttn& facn& t+e 8ndo81
8+en t+e" sa8 t+e f&)re of a 8o'an &o slo8l" b". T+e" 8ere ')c+
astons+ed and told t+e ot+ers1 and t+ere 8as ')c+ e#cte'ent abo)t t.
(+ortl" after t+e 2eternar" s)r&eon ded1 and on &on& t+ro)&+ +s $a$ers
et+er '" +)sband or Ca$tan !orton fo)nd t+e $+oto&ra$+ of t+e 8o'an
t+e" +ad seen fro' t+e 'essCroo' 8ndo8. I t+n3 t+e" bot+ reco&nsed t.
It 8as not 3no8n t+at t+e 2eternar" s)r&eon 8as 'arred. T+e a$$earance
8as ne2er n an" 8a" e#$laned.
/. %. %TRI!(O!.
% tablet n %ll (ants5 C+)rc+1 %lders+ot1 &2es t+e date of deat+ of /r.
E.1 2eternar" s)r&eon1 ?t+ Lancers1 as 7an)ar" ;rd1 *A=B. T+s s+o8s t+at
t+e date 8+en t+e a$$arton 8as seen 8as $robabl" abo)t C+rst'as t'e1
*A=?1 as bot+ Le)tenant Bea)'ont and /rs. %t3nson +ii,IIO- confr'
Ca$tan !orton5s '$resson t+at t+e ncdent occ)rred s+ortl" before /r. E.
ded.
*1) A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. @.. T+e 8rter of t+e
follo8n& acco)nt s Colonel 1 a 8ellC3no8n Irs+ &entle'an1 b)t 8e
are not allo8ed to $)bls+ +s na'e. -e 8rtes fro' %rt+)r5s on /arc+ *st1
*AA?J
(o'e s#teen "ears snce /rs. sad to 'e1 6e +a2e so'e $eo$le
sta"n& +ere all ne#t 8ee3. ,o "o) 3no8 an" $erson I co)ld &et to sn& 8t+
t+e &rlsW9 I s)&&ested t+at '" &)n'a3er1 /r. 0.1 +ad a da)&+ter 8t+ a fne
2oce1 8+o 8as trann& as a $)blc sn&er1 and t+at f s+e1 /rs. 1 l3ed I
8o)ld 8rte to 0. and as3 f +e 8o)ld allo8 +er to co'e do8n and s$end a
8ee3 8t+ )s. On '" 8fe5s a$$ro2al I 8rote1 and /ss 0. ca'e do8n for a
8ee31 and t+en left. %s far as I 3no81 /rs. ne2er sa8 +er a&an.
(+ortl" after I called on 0.1 t+an3ed +' for allo8n& +s da)&+ter to co'e
to )s1 and sad 8e 8ere all ')c+ $leased 8t+ +er. 0. re$ledJ I fear "o)
+a2e s$olt +er1 for s+e sa"s s+e ne2er $assed so +a$$" a 8ee3 n +er lfe.9
/ss 0. dd not co'e o)t as a sn&er1 b)t s+ortl" after 'arred /r. V.1 and
none of )s e2er sa8 +er a&an.
(# or se2en "ears $assed a8a"1 and /rs. 1 8+o +ad been lon& ll1
8as d"n&1 n fact s+e dd de t+e follo8n& da". I 8as sttn& at t+e foot of
+er bed tal3n& o2er so'e b)sness 'atters t+at s+e 8as an#o)s to arran&e1
ben& $erfectl" co'$osed and n t+oro)&+ $ossesson of +er sensesG n fact
s+e 8as r&+t1 and '" solctor1 8+o ad2sed t+at t+e ste$ s+e 8anted to be
ta3en 8as not necessar"1 8as 8ron&. (+e c+an&ed t+e s)bDect1 and sad1 ,o
"o) +ear t+ose 2oces sn&n&W9 I re$led t+at I dd notG and s+e sad1 I +a2e
+eard t+e' se2eral t'es toda"1 and I a' s)re t+e" are t+e an&els
8elco'n& 'e to -ea2enG b)t19 s+e added1 t s stran&e1 t+ere s one 2oce
a'on&st t+e' I a' s)re I 3no81 and cannot re'e'ber 8+ose 2oce t s.9
()ddenl" s+e sto$$ed and sad1 $ontn& stra&+t o2er '" +ead1 6+"1 t+ere
s+e s n t+e corner of t+e roo'G t s 7)la 0.G s+e s co'n& onG s+e s
leann& o2er "o)G s+e +as +er +ands )$G s+e s $ra"n&G do loo3G s+e s
&on&.9 I t)rned b)t co)ld see not+n&. /rs. t+en sad1 (+e s &one.9
%ll t+ese t+n&s I 'a&ned to be t+e $+antases of a d"n& $erson.
T8o da"s after8ards1 ta3n& )$ t+e Times ne8s$a$er1 I sa8 recorded t+e
deat+ of 7)la V.1 8fe of /r. V. I 8as so asto)nded t+at n a da" or so after
t+e f)neral I 8ent )$ to and as3ed /r. 0. f /rs. V.1 +s da)&+ter1 8as
dead. -e sad1 Yes1 $oor t+n&1 s+e ded of $)er$eral fe2er. On t+e da" s+e
ded s+e be&an sn&n& n t+e 'ornn&1 and san& and san& )ntl s+e ded.9
Last "ear I sa8 'entoned t+at so'e $erson or $ersons 8ere collectn&
re'ar3able &+ost stores1 and I 8rote to /r. V. telln& +' s+ortl" 8+at I
+a2e no8 8rtten at len&t+. /r. V.5s ans8er 8as t+at I +ad descrbedY
acc)ratel" t+e scene of +s 8fe5s deat+.Y
Colonel adds laterJ
/rs. V. ded on 4ebr)ar" .nd at s# or t+ereabo)t n t+e 'ornn&1 *A=<.
/rs. ded1 4ebr)ar" *;t+1 *A=<1 at abo)t fo)r n t+e e2enn&. I sa8
notce of /rs. V.5s deat+ on 4ebr)ar" *<t+. /rs. ne2er 8as s)bDect to
+all)cnatons of an" sort. +ii,IJP- 6e rece2ed later t+e follo8n& letter
fro' /r. 6eble"1 called abo2e /r. V.9J
A< 6E!/%! (TREET1 BIR/I!G-%/1 2ay *Ath, *AA?.
In re$l" to "o)r letter1 I s+all be +a$$" to &2e "o) t+e nfor'aton as3ed
for. /" 8fe ded on .nd 4ebr)ar" *AA< L*A=<M1 abo)t ?.;> %./. T+e last
+o)rs of +er lfe 8ere s$ent n sn&n&. I 'a" sa" notes ca'e fro' +er
8t+n ten 'n)tes of +er deceaseG and bea)tf)l as +er 2oce 8as1 t ne2er
a$$eared so e#E)stel" bea)tf)l as t+s.
-E!RY 6EBLEY.
*1) B . In t+e ne#t case (E)oted fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2. $.
.AA) a d"n& 'ot+er +ad an a$$arentl" tele$at+c 2son of an absent son
8+o +a$$ened to be d"n& at t+e sa'e t'e. T+e acco)nt co'es fro'
Colonel C. 4. -c3s.
<B V%LPL%I(%!T1 (T. -ELIER(1 7ER(EY1 *ecember .;rd, *AA@.
%&reeabl" to '" $ro'se I no8 &2e "o) a state'ent of '" late 8fe5s
last 'o'ents. (o'e da"s before+and I 8as nfor'ed s+e 8o)ld not last
lon&G and t 8as n t+e e2enn& abo)t ? or B o5cloc3 P./.1 on ;rd October
*AA=1 I 8ent nto +er bedroo'. T+ere 8as t+e n)rse1 '" second and t+rd
da)&+ters n t+e roo' 8t+ 'e. T+e door 8as a lttle aDar. (+e 8as loo3n&
at t 2er" earnestl" 8+en s+e sad to '" second da)&+ter1 4lo1 T+ere s
so'e one o)tsde1 let him n.9 4lo ans8ered and sad1 O+ no1 'a''aG
t+ere s no oneloo319 and s+e o$ened t+e door 8der. 6e t+en tal3ed to
+er &entl" for so'e lttle t'e. %fter a $a)se s+e sad1 Poor Edde ('"
second son 8+o +ad &one o)t to %)strala)G o+1 +e s loo3n& 2er" ll+e
+as +ad a fallbro3en +s le&$oor Edde.9 6+en 8e all ass)red +er s)c+
8as not t+e caset+at t+e last ne8s 8e +ad +eard fro' +' 8as t+at +e 8as
E)te 8ells+e beca'e 'ore $acfed1 alt+o)&+ restless and do)btf)l1 as
s+e contn)ed to sa" no8 and t+en1 Poor EddeZ9 (+e ded at abo)t t8ent"
'n)tes to . %./.1 earl" on t+e <t+ October. 6e lttle t+o)&+t t+at +er 8ords
8o)ld be 2erfed1 8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of t+e bro3en le&.
(o'e t'e after8ards I rece2ed a letter fro' /r. T+o'as 6lla's
anno)ncn& '" $oor son5s deat+. 4or +e left a $lace called 6"nd+a' on t+e
Ca'brd&e G)lf1 !.6. of %)strala1 on t+e <t+ Le2dentl" 'eann& ;rd1 see
belo8M October *AA=1 8t+ a "o)n& 'an of t+e na'e of R)ssell. -e
s)ddenl" felt ll1 and called for so'e 8ater. T+e latter 8ent off to a s$rn& to
&et t1 b)t co'n& bac3 +e fo)nd t+at +e +ad fallen fro' +s +orse and 8as
l"n& E)te dead. (o +s $oor 'ot+er5s 2son t)rned o)t to be E)te tr)e1
e#ce$tn& +s le& ben& bro3en.
!o81 t+e onl" E)eston s abo)t t+e t'e. ,d t+e son de before t+e
'ot+er or after t+e 'ot+erW as1 ta3n& t+e lon&t)de of 6"nd+a' !.6. of
%)strala1 so far to t+e east of )s1 t+ere ')st be a &ood e&+t or ten +o)rs5
dfference1 and a s+$ &on& ro)nd t+e 8orld 'a3n& east all t+e 8a" 8o)ld
&an a da"1 and b" 8estn& 8o)ld lose one.
I &2e "o) a fe8 e#tracts fro' letters I +a2e rece2ed. T+e one fro' /r.
T+o'as 6lla's1 8t+ 8+o' '" son left a letter to be sent on to 'e. /r.
T.6.5s letter s dated t+e ?t+ October *AA=J Yo)r son left 6"nd+a' to &o
to ,)rac3 staton on t+e ;rd October1 n co'$an" 8t+ Lo)s ('t+ and
7o+n R)ssell. T+e" +ad to &o o2er a 2er" ro)&+ co)ntr"1 and "o)r $oor bo"
s)cc)'bed to t+e $an&s of t+rst1 s)ffern& at t+e sa'e t'e 8t+ fe2er. I a'
+ii,IJG- &lad to nfor' "o) t+at +s s)ffern&s 8ere s+ort1 and t+at t+e &reat
God 8as $leased to ta3e +' a8a" E)c3l". -e s$o3e 2er" affectonatel" of
+s 'ot+er1 and 8+at +e 8o)ld do f +e co)ld onl" &et bac3 to 7erse"1 for +e
8as +eartsc3 8+en +e 8as +ere.9
I &2e "o) anot+er e#tract fro' +s e'$lo"er1 a /r. ,)rac31 a &entle'an
8+o dealt lar&el" n +orses1 and +ad a &reat n)'ber of +orse statons n
%)stralaJ
6+en I left "o)r son at 6"nd+a' on .=t+ (e$te'ber last1 *AA=1 +e
8as to start bac3 to t+e staton1 as +e +ad a +orse1 brdle1 and saddle to rde.9
In concl)son1 I +a2e no8 &2en "o) as s)ccnctl" as I can t+e deat+ of
t+e 'ot+er and son1 t+e one +a2n& ta3en $lace +ere and t+e ot+er at o)r
%nt$odes1 bot+ on t+e sa'e da" and date1 and as far as I 3no8 abo)t t+e
sa'e t'e. It s 'ore t+an a concdencet s 2er" '"stero)s.
((&ned) C. 4. -ICR(.
Colonel -c3s 8rtes laterJ
9ebruary ..nd, *A@>.
YT+e 8tnesses n '" 8fe5s late case are none of t+e' $resent +ere.
/" second da)&+ter1 8+o' I 8as e#$ectn& fro' Bo'ba" 8+en I rece2ed
"o)r letter1 +as arr2ed +ere. -er state'ent I enclose. /" t+rd da)&+ter1
anot+er 8tness1 s at $resent at Brsbane1 n %)strala.Y
,scre$anc" n datesJ '" late 8fe ded at abo)t fort" 'n)tes to . %./.
on <t+ October *AA=t+at s1 ta3n& t+e t'e fro' *. %./. on t+e ;rd to *.
P./.1 after 8+c+ t beco'es t+e <t+. (o all t+e con2ersaton t+at too3 $lace
8t+ t+e abo2eCna'ed 8tnesses1 2N.1 t+e n)rse1 /ss E. 4enn1 t8o
da)&+ters and self1 too3 $lace n t+e e2enn& of t+e ;rd1 abo)t ? or B P./.1 as
s+e ded t+e sa'e n&+t1 or 'ore correctl" s$ea3n&1 ben& after *. P./.1 t
8as earl" n t+e 'ornn& of t+e <t+.
!o8 for '" son5s deat+. /r. T+o'as 6lla's5 letter s dated t+e ?t+
October *AA=. -e sa"s '" son left 6"nd+a'1 on t+e G)lf of Ca'brd&e1 on
t+e <t+ Lt+e date &2en n /r. 6lla's5 letter s ;rd1 see belo8M October
*AA=1 b)t +e does not 'enton at 8+at t'e. B)t ben& 8t+n t+e tro$cs1
8+ere $eo$le &enerall" tra2el as earl" as t+e" can to esca$e t+e +eat of t+e
s)n1 t s $res)'ed t+at +e and +s frend1 /r. R)ssell1 ')st +a2e started
earl"1 and t s certan t+at t+e" co)ld not +a2e &one far before +e 'et +s
end1 and 'ost $robabl" /r. T. 6lla's ')st +a2e +eard of t t+e sa'e da"1
as +s letter s dated t+e ?t+ October *AA=.Y
((&ned) C. 4. -ICR(.
T+e follo8n& letter fro' /ss -c3s 8as enclosedJ
9ebruary .=th, *A@>.
I 8as n '" late 'ot+er5s bedroo' bet8een t+e +o)rs of f2e and s# n
t+e e2enn&1 on t+e ;rd of October *AA=1 8+en s+e as3ed 'e to o$en t+e
door1 as so'e one 8as o)tsde and 8anted to co'e n. I ans8ered and sad1
O+1 'ot+er1 t+e door s o$en1 and t+ere s no one o)tsde19 and t+en I
o$ened t+e door 8der. T+en I s+)t t+e door. (+e t+en sad1 Poor Edde1 +e
loo3s 2er" llG +e +as +ad a fall.9 I sad to +er1 O+1 'ot+er1 +o8 "o) &o onG
+e s all r&+t t+e last t'e 8e +eard.9 (+e sad1 O+1 +e s loo3n& 2er" ll.9
T+e ne#t 'ornn&1 at abo)t fort" 'n)tes to . %./.1 s+e ded. I +eard fro'
letters rece2ed t+at '" $oor brot+er Edde ded n %)strala on t+e sa'e
da" and abo)t t+e sa'e t'e.
4. -ICR(.
+ii,IJH-
Colonel -c3s also sent )s t+e letter fro' /r. 6lla's &2n& an
acco)nt of +s son5s deat+. T+e e#act t'e s1 as Colonel -c3s sa"s1 not
stated1 b)t t+e letter s dated October ?t+1 *AA=1 and states t+at /r. E. -c3s
started on +s Do)rne" on October ;rd. It see's $robable t+at t+e deat+ too3
$lace on t+e sa'e da".
4or so'e ot+er cases of t+s t"$e see &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <?@1
footnote.
*19 A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .*<. T+e acco)nt s 8rtten
b" /rs. 7. P. ('t+.
%/BLE1 !ORT-:/BERL%!,1 1anuary *=th, *A@*.
In 7)ne *A=@1 I 8as a teac+er n /acclesfeld. % frend1 /rs. 1 8as
near +er confne'ent. (+e told 'e s+e 8as afrad s+e 8o)ld de. I 8ent nto
t+e co)nt" of ,)r+a' for a +olda". 6+le t+ere I 8as ro)sed fro' slee$ b"
/rs. as I s)$$osed. (+e 8as s+a3n& 'e1 and sa"n&1 I +a2e $assed
a8a"1 b)t t+e bab" 8ll l2e.9 T+en t+e f&)re left t+e roo' b" t+e door. I
&ot o)t of bed and 8ent to '" sster and related t+e ncdent. 6e a&reed to
'a3e a note of t !e#t da" I rece2ed a letter fro' a frend n /acclesfeld
sa"n& t+at /rs. 8as dead b)t t+e bab" 8as al2e.
LI 8asM n t+e best of +ealt+ and abo)t t8ent"Cnne "ears of a&e.
!o ot+er $ersons 8ere $resent.
/rs. ('t+1 8+o s t+e 'stress of t+e Infants5 (c+ool at %'ble1 nfor's
)s t+at t+s s t+e onl" e#$erence of t+e 3nd s+e +as e2er +ad1 and t+at to
t+e best of +er recollecton t+e a$$arton 8as seen abo)t an +o)r or t8o
after t+e deat+.
:nfort)natel"1 net+er t+e note 'ade at t+e t'e nor t+e letter
anno)ncn& t+e deat+ +as been $reser2ed1 b)t 8e +a2e rece2ed t+e
follo8n& letter of corroboraton fro' /rs. ('t+5s ssterJ
.>; EL(6ICR (TREET1 LEIC--%R,T1 (Y,!EY1 %:(TR%LI%1
November .nd, *A@*.
I dstnctl" re'e'ber '" sster co'n& nto '" roo' and 8a3n& 'e )$
to tell 'e of +er drea'1 8+c+ 8as as follo8sJ
T+at s+e +ad drea't t+at a lad" frend of +ers so'e 'les a8a" +ad
a$$eared to +er and sad s+e 8as deadG b)t t+at +er bab" 8o)ld l2e. T+e
drea' +ad e2dentl" '$ressed '" sster 2er" ')c+1 as s+e see'ed E)te
a&tated1 and 8e sad 8e 8o)ld note t do8n1 and to o)r )tter astons+'ent
t+e ne#t 'ornn& '" sster rece2ed a letter to sa" t+at +er frend +ad $assed
a8a" t+at sa'e n&+t.
%!!IE BRO6!.
It 8ll be obser2ed t+at /rs. ('t+5s e#$erence s +ere referred to as a
drea'. T+at t+s s not +er o8n 2e8 of t a$$ears fro' t+e follo8n&
acco)nt &2en b" Professor and /rs. (d&8c3 of an nter2e8 8+c+ t+e"
+ad 8t+ +er on (e$te'ber *Bt+1 *A@*. T+e acco)nt 8as 8rtten 8t+n t8o
+o)rs of t+er seen& /rs. ('t+1 fro' notes 'ade at t+e t'e.
T+e f&)re a$$eared t8ce on t+e sa'e n&+t. T+e frst t'e 8as n t+e
brea3n& da8n of a 7)ne 'ornn&1 before t+ere 8as an" s)n. It 8o3e +er1
and +ii,IJI- s+e +eard t+e 8ords s+e 'entons1 b)t s+e dd not &et o)t of
bed1 and 8as $robabl" onl" +alf a8a3e. T+e second t'e t+e sa'e t+n&
+a$$ened1 b)t s+e s E)te s)re s+e 8as a8a3e. It a$$eared at t+e leftC+and
sde of +er bed1 and1 after s$ea3n&1 t 'o2ed 2er" E)c3l" ro)nd t+e bed
and a$$arentl" t+ro)&+ t+e door1 8+c+ 8as at t+e r&+tC+and sde of t+e bed
$arallel to t+e +ead and +dden b" t+e c)rtans1 so t+at s+e dd not see t &o
o)t. T+e f&)re 8ent as f n a &reat +)rr". It see'ed to be dressed n drabG
t+e face 8as seent see'ed e#actl" as n lfe. (+e felt no fear1 nor sense of
t+e s)$ernat)ralonl" an#et" to E)eston f)rt+erand re&arded t as real
)ntl1 r)nnn& after t+e f&)re do8nstars1 s+e beca'e con2nced t+at t 8as
a 2son. (+e felt as s+e ran as t+o)&+ s+e 8o)ld +a2e ca)&+t t )$1 +ad s+e
not +ad to o$en t+e door. It 8as abo)t f2e o5cloc3 8+en s+e 8ent to +er
sster1 8+c+ s+e dd at once after t+e second 2son. /rs. +ad told +er
s+e t+o)&+t s+e s+o)ld not l2e1 b)t /rs. ('t+ +ad t+o)&+t lttle of t+s1
and t +ad E)te $assed o)t of +er 'nd. (+e 8as n no an#et". /rs.
8as no s$ecal frend of +ers. -er c+ldren ca'e to /rs. ('t+5s sc+ool1 and
s+e 8as nterested n t+e'. (+e dd not 3no8 8+" /rs. s+o)ld +a2e
told +er of +er e#$ectaton of d"n&G b)t s+e sad at t+e sa'e t'e1 If I &o1
"o) 8ll be 2er" 3nd to '" c+ldren.9
T+e frend 8+o 8rote telln& +er of t+e deat+ 'entoned t cas)all"as
es$ecall" sad beca)se of t+e "o)n& c+ldren. (+e 'entoned t+e t'e as n
t+e earl" +o)rs of t+e 'ornn&1 and t str)c3 /rs. ('t+ 8+en s+e &ot t+e
letter t+at t+e 2son +ad been concdent 8t+ t+e deat+1 b)t s+e dd not
2erf" t+s b" ascertann& t+e e#act t'e of t+e deat+.
/rs. ('t+ told )s t+at 8+en s+e co'')ncated 8+at s+e +ad seen to
+er sster1 t+e latter sad t ')st +a2e been D)st a 2er" 22d drea'1 to 8+c+
s+e re$led1 6ell1 t 8as a 2er" 22d one1 t+en19 or 8ords to t+at effect.
*19 B . T+e follo8n& case1 ta3en fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. .
$. <<@1 8as rece2ed t+ro)&+ t+e Re2. 7. Bar'b"1 of Pttn&ton Vcara&e1
,)r+a'1 8+o obtaned t fro' t+e Re2. 7. T. 4o8ler1 Lbraran and -ebre8
Lect)rer n t+e :n2erst" of ,)r+a'1 n October *A=.. T+e e2ents related
+ad occ)rred abo)t fo)r "ears earler. I o't /r. Bar'b"5s acco)nt (&2en n
&hantasms o$ the .iving) 8+c+ s $ractcall" a re$etton of /r. Clar3e5s1
&2en belo8.
T+e Re2. 7. T. 4o8ler1 of Bs+o$ -atfeld5s -all1 ,)r+a'1 8rtesJ
November .Bth, *AA<.
I 3no8 not+n& abo)t t+e case I 'entoned to /r. Bar'b" be"ond 8+at
I &a2e +' n 8rtn&. /r. Clar3e1 a trades'an n -)ll1 told 'e of t+e case
of /rs. Pallser1 and &ot +er to co'e to +s offce1 n X)een (treet1 -)ll1 for
'e to ta3e do8n fro' +er o8n l$s t+e notes I &a2e to /r. Bar'b". I too3
&reat $ans to &et t+e 8+ole of t+e stor" correctl".
7. T. 4O6LER.
/r. Clar3e 8rtesJ
6I!TERTO! -%LL1 ,O!C%(TER1 1anuary .>th, *AA?.
6do8 Pallser 8as a 8o'an 8+o +ad seen better da"s1 and 8or3ed for
'" fr'1 Clar3e & (on1 Clot+ers1 X)een (treet1 -)ll. (+e +ad an onl" son1
/att+e8. I asssted +er n &ettn& +' to sea. One 'ornn& s+e ca'e to 'e
8t+ tears rolln& do8n +er c+ee3s1 and sad1 /at5s deadG I sa8 +'
dro8nedZ Poor /at1 t+e last 8ords +e sad 8ere1 HO+Z '" dear 'ot+er.I +ii,
IJJ- -e t+re8 )$ +s +ands and san3 to rse no 'ore.9 I as3ed +o8 s+e
3ne8. (+e sad1 I sa8 +' &on& on board +s s+$1 and t+e $lan3 t+at +e
8al3ed )$on sl$$ed on one sde1 and +e fell o2erboard bet8een t+e E)a"
and t+e s+$ and 8as dro8ned. /" o8n 'ot+er1 8+o +ad been dead 'an"
"ears1 ca'e to t+e foot of '" bed and sad1 HPoor /at5s &oneG +e5s
dro8ned.I9 I t+en sad1 6+"1 /at5s n !e8 Yor39 (I al8a"s felt nterested
n t+s 8o'an and +er son). Yes19 s+e sad1 +e 8as dro8ned last n&+t at
!e8 Yor3G I sa8 +'.9
/rs. P.5s obDect n co'n& to 'e 8as to as3 f I 8o)ld 8rte to t+e a&ent
n !e8 Yor3 to ascertan t+e facts. I sad I 8o)ld1 and 8rote statn& t+at a
$oor 8do8 +ad an onl" son on board s)c+ a s+$1 and s+e +ad a 2son t+at
an accdent (I sad not+n& abo)t dro8nn&) +ad +a$$ened to +er son1 and I
8o)ld ta3e t as a &reat fa2o)r f +e 8o)ld ascertan and tell 'e all
$artc)lars. In abo)t t+ree to f2e 8ee3s (s+e ca'e da" b" da" to as3 f 8e
+ad rece2ed a re$l"1 al8a"s sa"n& t+at s+e 3ne8 8+at t+e ans8er 8o)ld
be)1 at len&t+1 t+e letter arr2ed. 6e sent for /rs. P.1 and before t+e letter
8as o$ened b" '" son1 I sad to +er1 6+at 8ll be ts contentsW9 (+e at
once and decdedl" sad t+at /at 8as dro8ned on t+e 2er" n&+t t+at s+e
sa8 +'1 and n &on& on board t+e s+$ t+e $lan3 sl$$ed1 and +e fell
o2erboard bet8een t+e E)a" and t+e s+$.9 (o t 8as. /rs. P. 8as t+en
8earn& 'o)rnn& for /at.
/" son and +alfCaCdoNen "o)n& 'en can 2erf" t+s f needf)l.
/rs. P. ded soon after.
/. 6. CL%RRE.
Re$rod)cton of t+e letter rece2ed fro' t+e a&ent of t+e s+$1 as nearl"
as I and '" son can re'e'berJ
!E6 YORR1 date unBno#n.
I +a2e 'ade nE)res of /att+e8 Pallser1 a&e abo)t t8ent"1 and learn
t+at +e fell off a $lan3 n &on& on board +s s+$1 and &ot dro8ned onY9
T+e date 8as t+e sa'e as /rs. Pallser sad.Y
In ans8er to nE)res1 /r. Clar3e addsJ
Apri Bth, *AA?.
6e +a2e no co$" of t+e a&ent5s letter1 b)t bot+ '" son and '"self and
ot+ers are certan t+at /rs. P.5s 2son and t+e a&ent5s acco)nt of t+e
accdent #ere the same, bot+ as to t+e t'e and ca)se1 2N.1 t+at /rs. P. sa8
+er son sl$ off t+e $lan3 n &on& on board +s s+$1 and t+at +e 8as
dro8ned bet8een t+e E)a" and t+e s+$G a&ent5s acco)nt t+at +e fell off t+e
$lan3 and 8as dro8ned1 at the time 'entoned1 bet8een t+e s+$ and t+e
E)a". /rs. P. ded soon after t+e e2ent1 8+c+ n '" o$non s+ortened +er
lfe.
LIn t+e absence of a 8rtten note1 8e cannot of co)rse be $erfectl"
certan t+at /rs. Pallser dd not read bac3 t+e detals of t+e $lan3 and t+e
E)a" nto +er 2son a$ter t+e arr2al of t+e ne8s1 and t+at /r. Clar3e s
r&+t n +s recollecton of +a2n& +eard t+ese detals fro' t+e frst. B)t
t+ere can +ardl" be a do)bt t+at t+e 2son 8as descrbed as a 2er"
'$ress2e one be$ore t+e arr2al of t+e ne8sG and /r. Clar3e5s nterest n
t+e 'atter 'a" farl" be s)$$osed to +a2e 'ade +' caref)l n +s scr)tn"
of t+e dates.M
*19 C . T+e follo8n& case of an a$$arton concdn& 8t+ a deat+1 b)t
re$resentn& a near relat2e of t+e d"n& $erson1 nstead of t+e d"n& $erson
+erself1 s ta3en fro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .B*. T+ere 8ere fo)r cases of +ii,IJK- t+s
t"$e n t+e Cens)s1 of 8+c+ one +ad alread" been $)bls+ed n &hantasms
o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ;?= (!o. *.<)1 and t8o ot+ers are &2en n t+e
Re$ort.9 I E)ote t+e $rel'nar" co''ents of t+e 8rters of t+e Re$ort9
on t+ese cases.
()c+ cases need $resent no dffc)lt" on t+e tele$at+c t+eor". Indeed1
t 'a" be rat+er sad t+at t+e absence of an" cases of t+e 3nd 8o)ld render
t+e t+eor" '$robable. T+e" rase t+e E)eston1 +o8e2er1 8+o t+e H a&entI
t+e $erson1 t+at s1 fro' 8+o' t+e tele$at+c co'')ncaton co'ess1 n
+all)cnatons concdn& 8t+ a deat+. :s)all" t see's nat)ral to ass)'e
t+at t s t+e d"n& $erson1 and n so'e casesas 8e +a2e seen n C+a$ter
0II.t+s 2e8 s s)$$orted b" e2dence t+at t+e d"n& $erson5s t+o)&+ts
8ere s$ecall" drected to t+e $erc$ent. T+e 'ere fact1 +o8e2er1 t+at t+e
a$$arton re$resents a $artc)lar $erson does not $ro2e t+at t+at $erson 8as
t+e a&ent. It s $ossble for an a&ent to transfer to a $erc$ent an 'a&e of
so'e t+rd $erson1 and t s $ossble for a $erc$ent to e'bod" an
'$resson tele$at+call" rece2ed n a for' s)&&ested b" +s o8n 'nd and
not b" t+e a&ent5s. %s an nstance 8+ere t see's '$robable t+at t+e $erson
8+ose f&)re 8as seen 8as t+e a&ent1 see /rs. /c%l$ne5s 2son of +er
bab" ne$+e8 at t+e t'e of ts deat+ ($rnted at $. .A*). It see's 'ore l3el"
n t+s case t+at t+e a&ent 8as so'e one 8t+ t+e c+ld1 t+an t+e c+ld tself1
a&ed s# 'ont+s. In one of t+e deat+ concdences E)oted n C+a$ter 0II.
(!o. ?=@..<1 $. ..;)1 t+ere s so'e reason for t+n3n& t+at t+e a&ent 8as
t+e sster 8+o tele&ra$+ed t+e ne8s rat+er t+an t+e decedentG beca)se (*) t+e
+all)cnaton nearl" concded n t'e 8t+ t+e des$atc+ of t+e tele&ra'1
8+le t occ)rred so'e +o)rs after t+e deat+1 and (.) t foretold t+e arr2al of
t+e tele&ra'. T+ese cases1 of co)rse1 dffer fro' t+ose 8e are abo)t to
E)ote1 n t+at t+e a$$arton s of t+e d"n& $erson1 b)t t+e" s+o)ld be 3e$t
n 2e8 n nter$retn& t+e'.9
LIn t+e frst case1 o'tted +ere1 t+e a$$arton re$resented a 'an 8+o
8as at t+e t'e at t+e deat+bed of +s 'ot+er.M
In t+e ne#t case t+e fact t+at t+e $erson 8+ose f&)re 8as seen can
+ardl" b" an" nor'al 'eans +a2e 3no8n of +s 'ot+er5s deat+ at t+e t'e of
t+e +all)cnaton 'a3es t dffc)lt to s)$$ose t+at +e 8as t+e a&ent1 8t+o)t
a tele$at+c +"$ot+ess so co'$lcated as to be e#tre'el" '$robable.9
T+e acco)nt ca'e fro' /ss C. L. -a83nsC,e'$ster1 +a2n& been
8rtten n *A@>.
.< PORT/%! (X:%RE1 6.
I ran do8nstars and entered t+e dra8n&Croo' at =.;> P./.1 bele2n& I
+ad 3e$t '" t8o ssters 8atn& for dnner. T+e" +ad &one to dnner1 t+e
roo' 8as e'$t". Be+nd a lon& sofa I sa8 /r. -. standn&. -e 'o2ed t+ree
ste$s nearer. I +eard not+n&. I 8as not at all afrad or s)r$rsed1 onl" felt
concern as LtoM 8+at +e 8anted1 as +e 8as n (o)t+ %'erca. I learnt ne#t
'ornn& t+at at t+at 'o'ent +s 'ot+er 8as breat+n& +er last. I 8ent and
arran&ed +ii,IJL- +er for b)ral1 '" $ct)re stll +an&n& abo2e t+e bed1
bet8een t+e $ortrats of +er t8o absent sons.
I 8as n t+e +abt of +earn& often fro' L/r. -.M1 and 8as not at t+at
'o'ent an#o)s abo)t /rs. -.5s +ealt+1 t+o)&+ s+e 8as a&ed.
I +ad +ad t8ent"Cf2e da"s before t+e &ref of losn& an onl" brot+er. !o
Lot+er $ersons 8ere $resent at t+e t'eM.
C. L. -. ,E/P(TER.
In ans8er to f)rt+er nE)res1 8e learnt fro' /ss -a83nsC,e'$ster
t+at t+e abo2e ncdent occ)rred on !e8 Year5s E2e1 *A=BK==G t+e roo'
8as l&+ted b" one br&+t la'$ and a fre19 and t+e f&)re dd not see' to
&o a8a"1 s+e 'erel" ceased to see t.9 (+e )sed to see /rs. -. often1 and
8as n no an#et" as to +er +ealt+ at t+e t'e. /rs. -. 8as 2er" old1 b)t not
defntel" ll. /ss -a83nsC,e'$ster corrected +er frst state'ent as to t+e
e#actness of t+e concdence b" nfor'n& )s t+at /rs. -. ded n t+e
'ornn& of t+e sa'e da" on 8+c+ t+e a$$arton 8as seen.
/ss -a83nsC,e'$ster 'entoned 8+at s+e +ad seen to +er sster1 8+o
t+)s corroboratesJ
1uy *?th, *A@..
I +eard of '" sster /ss C. L. -a83nsC,e'$ster5s 2son of /r. -. n
t+e dra8n&Croo' at =.;> P./. on !e8 Year5s E2e1 *A=BK==1 ''edatel"
after t +a$$ened1 and before +earn& t+at /rs. -. ded t+e sa'e da"1 t+e
ne8s of 8+c+ reac+ed )s later t+at e2enn&.
-. -. ,E/P(TER.
6e +a2e 2erfed t+e date of deat+ at (o'erset -o)se.
I +ad an nter2e8 8t+ t+e /sses -a83nsC,e'$ster on 7)l" *Bt+1
*A@.1 and 8rote t+e follo8n& acco)nt of t t+e ne#t da"J
/ss C. -a83nsC,e'$ster5s 2erdcal e#$erence s 8ell re'e'bered
b" bot+ ssters. T+e decedent 8as a 2er" old lad"1 8+o 8as on 2er" nt'ate
ter's 8t+ t+e'1 and +ad s$ecal reasons for t+n3n& of /ss C. -a83nsC
,e'$ster n connecton 8t+ t+e son 8+ose f&)re a$$eared. -e 8as at t+e
ot+er sde of t+e 8orld1 and al'ost certanl" +ad not +eard of +s 'ot+er5s
deat+ at t+e t'e.
T+e f&)re 8as absol)tel" lfeCl3e. /ss -a83nsC,e'$ster notced t+e
sl&+t cast of t+e e"e and t+e delcate +ands. T+e f&)re rested one +and on
t+e bac3 of a c+ar and +eld t+e ot+er o)t. /ss -a83nsC,e'$ster called
o)t1 6+at can I do for "o)W9 for&ettn& for t+e 'o'ent t+e '$ossblt"
t+at t co)ld be t+e real 'an. T+en s+e s'$l" ceased to see t+e f&)re.
(+e 8as n &ood +ealt+ at t+e t'e1 and +er t+o)&+ts 8ere occ)$ed 8t+
b)sness 'atters.
-ere9 (sa" t+e 8rters of t+e Re$ort9) t+e a$$arton follo8ed t+e
deat+ b" so'e +o)rs1 so t+at1 f /rs. -. 8as t+e a&ent1 t+e tele$at+c
'$resson ')st et+er +a2e re'aned latent for so'e t'e1 or +a2e been
$rod)ced b" t+e a&ent after deat+.9
*(( A . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *AA. T+e follo8n& case
8as sent to )s fro' BraNl b" Professor %. %le#ander1 t+e 8tnesses ben&
$ersons 8ell 3no8n to +'. -e nfor's )s t+at t+e ncdent s of a t"$e
rat+er freE)ent a'on& BraNlan Cat+olcs19 and t+e 2ot2e +ii,IJM- candle
see's ndeed a nat)ral t+n& to drea' of )nder t+e crc)'stances descrbed1
b)t t+e e#act $lace 8+ere t+e candle 8as to be fo)nd and t+e fact of ts
+a2n& been alread" $artl" b)rnt 8ere not l3el" to be &)essed. T+e acco)nt
of t+e drea'er1 ,onna !er"1 s as follo8sJ
B%RB%CE!%1 2arch .Bth, *A@?.
In 7an)ar" *A@<1 t+e decease occ)rred of 4UlctU G.1 a "o)n& Bel&an
lad"1 8+o 8as 'arred to a ne$+e8 of 'ne. %fter t+e deat+ of +s 8fe1 t+e
latter ca'e to o)r +o)se at Barbacena1 brn&n& 8t+ +' ')c+ l)&&a&e
belon&n& to t+e deceased1 and +e sta"ed +ere 8t+ +s c+ldren for so'e
da"s.
(o'e t8o 'ont+s after8ardsI +a2e no 'eans of ascertann& t+e
e#act dateI 8ent to a soir;e and ret)rned +o'e abo)t t8o o5cloc3 n t+e
'ornn&1 +a2n& $assed so'e $leasant +o)rs n 8+c+ all t+o)&+ts of
sadness 8ere te'$orarl" s8e$t fro' '" 'e'or". On t+at 2er" n&+t1
+o8e2er1 I +ad a 22d drea' of 4UlctU. It see'ed to 'e t+at s+e entered
t+e roo' 8+ere I reall" la" aslee$1 and1 sttn& do8n on t+e bedsde1 as3ed
'e1 as a fa2o)r1 to loo3 nto an old tn bo# )nder t+e starcase for a certan
8a# candle1 8+c+ +ad been alread" l&+ted1 and 8+c+ s+e +ad $ro'sed to
O)r Lad". On '" consentn& to do so1 s+e too3 lea2e of 'e1 sa"n&1 %tU o
o)tro ')ndo (Tll t+e ot+er 8orld).9
*
I a8o3e fro' t+e drea' ')c+
'$ressed. It 8as stll dar31 b)t I co)ld no lon&er slee$.
On t+at da"1 t+e ot+ers +a2n& &one o)t1 I called a ser2ant and ordered
+er to searc+ n t+e tn bo#1 8+c+ +ad1 n fact1 been $laced )nder t+e
starcase1 and 8+c+ +ad belon&ed to 4UlctU. !o one +ad o$ened t+e bo#
before. It 8as f)ll of old clot+es and c)ttn&s1 a'on& 8+c+ t 8as b" no
'eans $robable t+at 8e s+o)ld fnd a 8a# candle. T+e ser2ant t)rned o2er
t+ese clot+es at frst 8t+o)t res)lt1 and I 8as alread" be&nnn& to t+n3 t+at
'" drea' 8as of no '$ortance1 8+en1 on stra&+tenn& o)t t+e clot+es so
t+at t+e bo# '&+t be closed1 I sa8 t+e end of a candle1 8+c+ I at once
ordered +er to ta3e o)t. It 8as of 8a#of t+e 3nd )sed for $ro'ses Lto
santsMand1 8+at 8as a stll 'ore sn&)lar concdence1 t +ad alread" been
l&+ted.
6e del2ered t+e candle to /onsen+or 7osU %)&)sto1 of Barbacena1 n
$erfor'ance of '" nece5s $o)s 2o8 t+)s c)ro)sl" re2ealed n a drea'.
((&ned) G:IL-ER/I!% !ERY.
(en+or !er" 8rtesJ
B%RB%CE!%1 2arch .Bth, *A@?.
I recollect t+at1 on t+e occason1 '" 8fe told 'e of t+e drea'1 ')c+
'$ressed b" t. It s e#actl" 8+at s 8rtten.
((&ned) ,O/I!GO( !ERY.
Professor %le#ander addsJ
%t '" reE)est1 Cat+arna1 t+e ser2ant referred to n t+e abo2e acco)nt1
8as called to be e#a'ned. I fo)nd t+at s+e 8as a 'ere c+ld. On ben&
E)estoned s+e confr'ed t+e narrat2e of +er 'stress1 and recollected t+e
crc)'stance of fndn& t+e 8a# candle n t+e tn bo#.
7osU1 a blac3 bo"1 declared t+at +e carred t+e candle to /onsen+or 7osU
%)&)sto1 8+o told +' to &2e t to t+e sacrstan.
%. %LE0%!,ER.
+ii,IJN-
*(( B . ,r. Bnns1 an a)t+or of so'e scentfc re$)te n +s da"1 &2es
t+e follo8n& narrat2e n +s Anatomy o$ Seep, $. <B.1 addn& t+at $er+a$s
t+ere s not a better a)t+entcated case on record.9 It conssts of a letter
8rtten1 October .*st1 *A<.1 b" t+e Re2. C+arles /HRa"1 a Cat+olc $rest1
to t+e Co)ntess of (+re8sb)r". T+e Earl of (+re8sb)r" sent on t+e letter to
,r. Bnns. It s E)oted b" ,ale O8en (9oot$as, $. .@<). I abbre2ate t
+ereJ
In 7)l"1 *A;A1 I left Ednb)r&+ to ta3e c+ar&e of t+e Pert+s+re 'ssons.
On '" arr2al n Pert+ I 8as called )$on b" a Presb"teran 8o'an1 %nne
('$son1 8+o for 'ore t+an a 8ee3 +ad been n t+e )t'ost an#et" to see a
$rest. LT+s 8o'an stated t+at a 8o'an latel" dead (date not &2en) na'ed
/alo"1 sl&+tl" 3no8n to %nne ('$son1 +ad a$$eared to +er d)rn& t+e
n&+t for se2eral n&+ts9 )r&n& +er to &o to t+e $rest1 8+o 8o)ld $a" a s)'
of 'one"1 t+ree and ten$ence1 8+c+ t+e deceased o8ed to a $erson not
s$ecfed.M
I 'ade nE)r"1 and fo)nd t+at a 8o'an of t+at na'e +ad ded1 8+o +ad
acted as 8as+er8o'an and follo8ed t+e re&'ent. 4ollo8n& )$ t+e nE)r"
I fo)nd a &rocer 8t+ 8+o' s+e +ad dealt1 and on as3n& +' f a fe'ale
na'ed /alo" o8ed +' an"t+n&1 +e t)rned )$ +s boo3s1 and told 'e s+e
dd o8e +' t+ree and ten$ence. I $ad t+e s)'. ()bseE)entl" t+e
Presb"teran 8o'an ca'e to 'e1 sa"n& t+at s+e 8as no 'ore tro)bled.
*(, A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ??B. T+e acco)nt 8as
rece2ed n *AA. fro' Ca$tan G. 4. R)ssell Colt1 of Garts+erre1
Coatbrd&e1 !.B.
I 8as at +o'e for '" +olda"s1 and resdn& 8t+ '" fat+er and 'ot+er1
not +ere1 b)t at anot+er old fa'l" $lace n /dCLot+an1 b)lt b" an
ancestor n /ar" X)een of (cots5 t'e1 called In2eres3 -o)se. /" bedroo'
8as a c)ro)s old roo'1 lon& and narro81 8t+ a 8ndo8 at one end of t+e
roo' and a door at t+e ot+er. /" bed 8as on t+e r&+t of t+e 8ndo81
loo3n& to8ards t+e door. I +ad a 2er" dear brot+er ('" eldest brot+er)1
Ol2er1 le)tenant n t+e =t+ Ro"al 4)slers. -e 8as abo)t nneteen "ears
old1 and +ad at t+at t'e been so'e 'ont+s before (ebasto$ol. I
corres$onded freE)entl" 8t+ +'G and once 8+en +e 8rote n lo8 s$rts1
not ben& 8ell1 I sad n ans8er t+at +e 8as to c+eer )$1 b)t t+at f an"t+n&
dd +a$$en to +'1 +e ')st let 'e 3no8 b" a$$earn& to 'e n '" roo'1
8+ere 8e +ad often as bo"s to&et+er sat at n&+t and nd)l&ed n a
s)rre$tto)s $$e and c+at. T+s letter (I fo)nd s)bseE)entl") +e rece2ed as
+e 8as startn& to rece2e t+e (acra'ent fro' a cler&"'an 8+o +as snce
related t+e fact to 'e. -a2n& done t+s1 +e 8ent to t+e entrenc+'ents and
ne2er ret)rned1 as n a fe8 +o)rs after8ards t+e stor'n& of t+e Redan
co''enced. -e1 on t+e ca$tan of +s co'$an" falln&1 too3 +s $lace1 and
led +s 'en bra2el" on. -e +ad D)st led t+e' 8t+n t+e 8alls1 t+o)&+
alread" 8o)nded n se2eral $laces1 8+en a b)llet str)c3 +' on t+e r&+t
te'$le and +e fell a'on&st +ea$s of ot+ers1 8+ere +e 8as fo)nd n a sort of
3neeln& $ost)re (ben& $ro$$ed )$ b" ot+er dead bodes) t+rt"Cs# +o)rs
after8ards. -s deat+ too3 $lace1 or rat+er +e fell1 t+o)&+ +e 'a" not +a2e
ded ''edatel"1 on t+e At+ (e$te'ber *A??.
+ii,IJO-
T+at n&+t I a8o3e s)ddenl"1 and sa8 facn& t+e 8ndo8 of '" roo'1
b" '" bedsde1 s)rro)nded b" a l&+t sort of $+os$+orescent 'st1 as t
8ere1 '" brot+er 3neeln&. I tred to s$ea3 b)t co)ld not. I b)red '" +ead
n t+e bedclot+es1 not at all afrad (beca)se 8e +ad all been bro)&+t )$ not
to bele2e n &+osts or a$$artons)1 b)t s'$l" to collect '" deas1 beca)se I
+ad not been t+n3n& or drea'n& of +'1 and1 ndeed1 +ad for&otten all
abo)t 8+at I +ad 8rtten to +' a fortn&+t before. I decded t+at t ')st be
fanc"1 and t+e 'oonl&+t $la"n& on a to8el1 or so'et+n& o)t of $lace. B)t
on loo3n& )$1 t+ere +e 8as a&an1 loo3n& lo2n&l"1 '$lorn&l"1 and sadl"
at 'e. I tred a&an to s$ea31 b)t fo)nd '"self ton&)eCted. I co)ld not )tter
a so)nd. I s$ran& o)t of bed1 &lanced t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo81 and sa8 t+at
t+ere 8as no 'oon1 b)t t 8as 2er" dar3 and rann& +ard1 b" t+e so)nd
a&anst t+e $anes. I t)rned1 and stll sa8 $oor Ol2er. I s+)t '" e"es1 8al3ed
t+ro)&+ t1 and reac+ed t+e door of t+e roo'. %s I t)rned t+e +andle1 before
lea2n& t+e roo'1 I loo3ed once 'ore bac3. T+e a$$arton t)rned ro)nd +s
+ead slo8l" and a&an loo3ed an#o)sl" and lo2n&l" at 'e1 and I sa8 t+en
for t+e frst t'e a 8o)nd on t+e r&+t te'$le 8t+ a red strea' fro' t. -s
face 8as of a 8a#" $ale tnt1 b)t trans$arentCloo3n&1 and so 8as t+e redds+
'ar3. B)t t s al'ost '$ossble to descrbe +s a$$earance. I onl" 3no8 I
s+all ne2er for&et t. I left t+e roo' and 8ent nto a frend5s roo'1 and la"
on t+e sofa t+e rest of t+e n&+t. I told +' 8+". I told ot+ers n t+e +o)se1
b)t 8+en I told '" fat+er1 +e ordered 'e not to re$eat s)c+ nonsense1 and
es$ecall" not to let '" 'ot+er 3no8.
On t+e /onda" follo8n&
*
+e rece2ed a note fro' (r %le#ander /lne
to sa" t+at t+e Redan 8as stor'ed1 b)t no $artc)lars. I told '" frend to let
'e 3no8 f +e sa8 t+e na'e a'on& t+e 3lled and 8o)nded before 'e.
%bo)t a fortn&+t later +e ca'e to '" bedroo' n +s 'ot+er5s +o)se n
%t+ole Crescent1 n Ednb)r&+1 8t+ a 2er" &ra2e face. I sad1 I s)$$ose t
s to tell 'e t+e sad ne8s I e#$ectG9 and +e sad Yes.9 Bot+ t+e colonel of
t+e re&'ent and one or t8o offcers 8+o sa8 t+e bod" confr'ed t+e fact
t+at t+e a$$earance 8as ')c+ accordn& to '" descr$ton1 and t+e deat+C
8o)nd 8as e#actl" 8+ere I +ad seen t. B)t none co)ld sa" 8+et+er +e
act)all" ded at t+e 'o'ent. -s a$$earance1 f so1 ')st +a2e been so'e
+o)rs after deat+1 as +e a$$eared to 'e a fe8 'n)tes after t8o n t+e
'ornn&. /ont+s later1 a s'all $ra"erCboo3 and the etter ( had #ritten to
him 8ere ret)rned to In2eres31 fo)nd n t+e nner breast $oc3et of +s t)nc
8+c+ +e 8ore at +s deat+. I +a2e t+e' no8.
T+e acco)nt n t+e .ondon :a3ette 80traordinary of (e$te'ber ..nd1
*A??1 s+o8s t+at t+e stor'n& of t+e Redan be&an s+ortl" after noon on
(e$te'ber At+1 and lasted )$8ards of an +o)r and a +alf. 6e learn fro'
R)ssell5s acco)nt t+at t+e dead1 t+e d"n&1 and t+e )nnD)red 8ere all l"n&
n $les to&et+er9 and t 8o)ld see' t+at t+e searc+ for t+e 8o)nded 8as
stll contn)n& on t+e 'ornn& of t+e @t+. T+e e#act t'e of Le)tenant
Ol2er Colt5s deat+ s )ncertan.
Ca$tan Colt 'entoned se2eral $ersons 8+o co)ld corroborate t+s +ii,
IKP- narrat2e. 6e rece2ed t+e follo8n& letter fro' +s sster1 /rs. -o$e1
of 4er'o"J
*ecember *.th, *AA..
On t+e 'ornn& of (e$te'ber At+1 *A??1 '" brot+er1 /r. Colt1 told
'"self1 Ca$tan 4er&)son of t+e <.nd re&'ent1 snce dead1 and /aDor
Bort+8c3 of t+e Rfle Br&ade (8+o s l2n&)1 and ot+ers1 t+at +e +ad
d)rn& t+e n&+t a8a3ened fro' slee$ and seen1 as +e t+o)&+t1 '" eldest
brot+er1 Le)tenant Ol2er Colt of t+e Ro"al 4)slers (8+o 8as n t+e
Cr'ea)1 standn& bet8een +s bed and t+e doorG t+at +e sa8 +e 8as
8o)nded n 'ore t+an one $laceI re'e'ber +e na'ed t+e te'$le as one
$laceb" b)lletC8o)ndsG t+at +e aro)sed +'self1 r)s+ed to t+e door 8t+
closed e"es and loo3ed bac3 at t+e a$$arton1 8+c+ stood bet8een +' and
t+e bed. /" fat+er enDoned slence1 lest '" 'ot+er s+o)ld be 'ade )neas"G
b)t s+ortl" after8ards ca'e t+e ne8s of t+e fall of t+e Redan and '"
brot+er5s deat+. T8o "ears after8ards1 '" +)sband1 Colonel -o$e1 n2ted
'" brot+er to dne 8t+ +'G t+e for'er ben& stll a le)tenant n t+e Ro"al
4)slers1 t+e latter an ens&n n t+e Ro"al 6els+ 4)slers. 6+le dnn&
t+e" 8ere tal3n& of '" eldest brot+er. /" +)sband 8as abo)t to descrbe
+s a$$earance 8+en fo)nd1 8+en '" brot+er descrbed 8+at +e +ad seen1
and to t+e astons+'ent of all $resent1 t+e descr$ton of t+e 8o)nds talled
8t+ t+e facts. /" +)sband 8as '" eldest brot+er5s &reatest frend1 and 8as
a'on& t+ose 8+o sa8 t+e bod" as soon as t 8as fo)nd.
It 8ll be seen t+at t+s corroboraton 2ares fro' t+e $re2o)s acco)nt n
t8o $onts1 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 do not &reatl" affect ts 2al)e. T+e date 8as
reall" (e$te'ber @t+1 not t+e At+b)t t s 2er" nat)ral t+at t+e 2son
s+o)ld +a2e beco'e assocated 8t+ t+e memorabe date1 8+c+ 8as of
co)rse t+e At+G and t+e f&)re 8as 3neeln&1 not standn&.
*(* A . T+e follo8n& case (E)oted fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol.
. $. .*B1 footCnote) 8as rece2ed fro' t+e Re2. %rt+)r Bella'"1 of P)blo8
Vcara&e1 Brstol1 n 4ebr)ar" *AABG b)t t+e $artc)lars 8ere frst $)bls+ed
n *A=A.
6+en a &rl at sc+ool '" 8fe 'ade an a&ree'ent 8t+ a fello8 $)$l1
/ss 6.1 t+at t+e one of t+e' 8+o ded frst s+o)ld1 f ,2nel" $er'tted1
a$$ear after +er decease to t+e s)r22or. In *A=< '" 8fe1 8+o +ad not seen
or +eard an"t+n& of +er for'er sc+oolCfrend for so'e "ears1 cas)all" +eard
of +er deat+. T+e ne8s re'nded +er of +er for'er a&ree'ent1 and t+en1
beco'n& ner2o)s1 s+e told 'e of t. I 3ne8 of '" 8fe5s co'$act1 b)t I +ad
ne2er seen a $+oto&ra$+ of +er frend1 or +eard an" descr$ton of +er. L/r.
Bella'" told G)rne"1 n con2ersaton1 t+at +s 'nd +ad not been n t+e
least d8elln& on t+e co'$act.M
% n&+t or t8o after8ards as I 8as slee$n& 8t+ '" 8fe1 a fre br&+tl"
b)rnn& n t+e roo' and a candle al&+t1 I s)ddenl" a8o3e1 and sa8 a lad"
sttn& b" t+e sde of t+e bed 8+ere '" 8fe 8as slee$n& so)ndl". %t once I
sat )$ n t+e bed1 and &aNed so ntentl" t+at e2en no8 I can recall +er for'
and feat)res. -ad I t+e $encl and t+e br)s+ of a /llas1 I co)ld transfer to
can2as an e#act l3eness of t+e &+ostl" 2stant. I re'e'ber t+at I 8as ')c+
str)c31 as I loo3ed ntentl" at +er1 8t+ t+e caref)l arran&e'ent of +er
coff)re1 e2er" sn&le +ar ben& 'ost caref)ll" br)s+ed do8n. -o8 lon& I
sat and &aNed I cannot sa"1 b)t drectl" t+e a$$arton ceased to be1 I &ot o)t
of bed to +ii,IKG- see f an" of '" 8fe5s &ar'ents +ad b" an" 'eans
o$tcall" del)ded 'e. I fo)nd not+n& n t+e lne of 2son b)t a bare 8all.
-all)cnaton on '" $art I reDected as o)t of t+e E)eston1 and I do)bted not
t+at I +ad reall" seen an a$$arton. Ret)rnn& to bed1 I la" tll '" 8fe so'e
+o)rs after a8o3e and t+en I &a2e +er an acco)nt of +er frend5s a$$earance.
I descrbed +er colo)r1 for'1 &c.1 all of 8+c+ e#actl" talled 8t+ '" 8fe5s
recollecton of /ss 6. 4nall" I as3ed1 B)t 8as t+ere an" s$ecal $ont to
str3e one n +er a$$earanceW9 Yes19 '" 8fe $ro'$tl" re$ledG 8e &rls
)sed to tease +er at sc+ool for de2otn& so ')c+ t'e to t+e arran&e'ent of
+er +ar.9 T+s 8as t+e 2er" t+n& 8+c+ I +a2e sad so ')c+ str)c3 'e.
()c+ are t+e s'$le facts.
I 8ll onl" add t+at tll *A=< I +ad ne2er seen an a$$arton1 and t+at I
+a2e not seen one snce.
%RT-:R BELL%/Y.
6e +a2e also seen an acco)nt 8rtten b" /rs. Bella'" n /a" *A=@1
8+c+ entrel" a&rees 8t+ t+e abo2e1 e#ce$t t+at s+e t+n3s t 8as a
fortn&+t after t+e deat+9 t+at t+e 2son occ)rred1 and t+at t+e l&+t 8as t+e
d' l&+t of a n&+tCla'$.9 (+e sa"s1 T+e descr$ton accorded n all $onts
8t+ '" deceased frend.9 In con2ersaton1 /r. Bella'" descrbed t+e for'
as seen n a 2er" clear l&+tG and t+s 'a" acco)nt for +s dea t+at t+e roo'
tself 8as l&+ted b" fre and candle. G)rne" addsJ
T+s e#$erence1 as I +a2e sad1 'a" +a2e been $)rel" s)bDect2eG and
dentfcaton of a $erson5s a$$earance b" 'ere descr$ton s &enerall" to be
re&arded 8t+ &reat do)bt. B)t n 2e8 of t+e crc)'stances1 and es$ecall"
of t+e fact t+at /r. Bella'" +as ne2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton1 t8o
alternat2e +"$ot+eses see' at least 8ort+ s)&&estn&1 (*) Bele2ers n
tele$at+c $+antas's 'a" s)s$ect /r. Bella'"5s e#$erence to +a2e been
condtoned b" +s 8fe5s state of 'nd$ossbl" e2en b" a drea'1
for&otten on 8a3n&1 n 8+c+ +er frend f&)red. (.) Bele2ers n t+e
$ossblt" of $ostC'orte' co'')ncatons1 f t+e" bele2e t+at t+s 8as one
of t+e'1 '&+t f)rt+er s)$$ose t+at /r. Bella'"5s e#$erence de$ended on a
$s"c+cal nfl)ence e#ercsed n t+e frst nstance on /rs. Bella'"1 t+o)&+
actn& belo8 t+e le2el of +er nor'al consco)sness. To 'e1 I confess1 t+s
a$$ears a 'ore reasonable s)$$oston t+an t+at a drect nfl)ence (so to
s$ea3) 'ssed ts 'ar31 and 8as e#ercsed on /r. Bella'" b" a stran&er
8+o cared not+n& abo)t +'.
*(* B . T+e follo8n& s anot+er case 8+c+ see's analo&o)s to a
de$ected f)lfl'ent of a co'$act1 t+o)&+ 8e do not 3no8 t+at an" co'$act
to a$$ear +ad been 'ade1 b)t onl" t+at t+e d"n& $erson +ad +ad a stron&
desre to see +er nece before s+e ded. T+e case s ta3en fro' t+e Re$ort
on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .B;. T+e
acco)nt1 &2en b" /ss (. /one"1 8as 8rtten n *A@>.
<= :PPER B%RER (TREET1 REGE!T5( P%RR1 !.6.
%t Red+ll on T+an3s&2n& ,a"1 bet8een e&+t and nne n t+e e2enn&1
8+en I 8as ta3n& c+ar&e of t+e lttle da)&+ter of a frend1 d)rn& L'"M
frend5s absence for t+at e2enn&1 I left t+e c+ld slee$n& n t+e bedroo'1
and 8ent +ii,IKH- to dro$ t+e blnds n t8o ne&+bo)rn& roo's1 ben&
absent abo)t t+ree 'n)tes. On ret)rnn& to t+e c+ld5s roo'1 n t+e f)ll l&+t
of t+e &asCb)rner fro' abo2e I dstnctl" sa81 co'n& fro' t+e c+ld5s cot1 a
8+te f&)re1 8+c+ f&)re t)rned1 loo3ed 'e f)ll n t+e face1 and $assed
do8n t+e starcase. I nstantl" follo8ed1 leaned o2er t+e bansters n
astons+'ent1 and sa8 t+e &lstenn& of t+e 8+te dra$er" as t+e f&)re
$assed do8n t+e starcase1 t+ro)&+ t+e l&+ted +all1 and slentl" t+ro)&+ t+e
+all door tself1 8+c+ 8as barred1 c+aned1 and loc3ed. I felt for t+e
'o'ent $erfectl" sta&&ered1 8ent bac3 to t+e bedroo'1 and fo)nd t+e c+ld
$eacef)ll" slee$n&. I related t+e crc)'stance to t+e 'ot+er ''edatel" on
+er ret)rn late t+at n&+t. (+e 8as ncred)lo)s1 b)t sad t+at '" descr$ton
of t+e f&)re ans8ered to t+at of an n2ald a)nt of t+e c+ld5s. T+e ne#t
'ornn& ca'e a tele&ra' to sa" t+at t+s relat2e1 8+o +ad &reatl" 8s+ed to
see +er nece1 +ad ded bet8een e&+t and nne t+e $re2o)s e2enn&.
I +ad D)st $)t do8n t+e &icB#icB &apers 8t+ 8+c+ I +ad been 8+ln&
t+e t'e1 8as free fro' tro)ble1 and n &ood +ealt+.
!o one 8as n t+e +o)se b)t '"self1 t+e c+ld1 and one ser2ant1 8+o1 at
t+e t'e1 8as n t+e 3tc+en1 dressed n blac3.
T+s s t+e onl" e#$erence of t+s nat)re I +a2e e2er +ad.
&.S.T+e 8rter cannot &2e t+e date n f&)res 8t+o)t reference to an
al'anac of t+at "ear1 b)t s certan t+at t+s occ)rred on t+e e2enn& of
T+an3s&2n& ,a" for t+e reco2er" of t+e Prnce of 6ales Li.e., 4ebr)ar"
.=t+1 *A=..M
(. /O!EY.
In ans8er to o)r nE)res1 t+e collector1 /ss B. Garnett1 8rtesJ
-IG-L%!,(1 CL%RE!,O! RO%,1 LE6I(-%/1 (.E.1
*ecember .>th, *A@>.
I obtaned latel" an nter2e8 8t+ /ss /one"1 and 8rote do8n +er
re$les to t+e fo)r E)estons enclosed. T+s 8as all t+e nfor'aton s+e 8as
able to &2e. I s+o)ld state t+at /ss /one"5s rat+er nterestn& e#$erence
8as told 'e lon& before I 8as as3ed to collect ans8ers for t+e (ocet"1 and
t+en 'erel" 8as told b" +er n t+e co)rse of con2ersaton1 8+en I +ad been
e#$ressn& '" sce$tcs' abo)t all soCcalled spiritua 'anfestatons. (+e
t+en sad s+e +ad been )tterl" sce$tcal )ntl s+e +erself 'et 8t+ t+s
e#$erence.
T+e re$les enclosed 8ereJ
*. T+e c+ld5s 'ot+er ded abo)t ten or ele2en "ears a&o.
.. /ss /one" dd not e2en 3no8 of t+e e#stence of t+e a)nt at t+e
t'e of L+erM e#$erence.
;. /ss /one" +as scr)$les abo)t &2n& t+e na'e 8t+o)t $er'sson.
(+e states t+at t+e a)nt 8as a sn&le 8o'an1 and a ste$Csster of t+e fat+er of
t+e c+ld1 and t+at t+e a)nt 8as not l2n& near.
<. %s t+e lad" (t+e a)nt) 8as no acE)antance of /ss /one"5s1 and as
s+e +eard no f)rt+er detals1 s+e 3no8s of no f)rt+er 8a" of $ro2n& t+e
fact. /ss /one" lost s&+t of t+e $arents1 +a2n& been abroad +erself for
'an" "ears after8ards.
/ss Garnett sa"s f)rt+er1 n s$ea3n& of t+e or&nal acco)nt1 8+c+
8as frst &2en to +er 2erball" b" /ss /one"1 It 8as clearl" and
re$eatedl" &2en1 a'd 'an" crtcal s)&&estons on '" $art. I 'a" add t+at
/ss /one"5s test'on" on an" s)bDect s one t+at I +a2e al8a"s +ii,IKI-
fo)nd relable. I 'erel" add t+s beca)se t+ere are so 'an" $eo$le 8+o
see' scarcel" able to +el$ e#a&&eratn& n t+e drecton of t+e $artc)lar
bas of t+er 'nds.9
/r. Pod'ore called on /ss /one" on 4ebr)ar" .nd1 *A@.1 and +eard
f)ll $artc)lars of t+e ncdent fro' +er. -e f)rt+er ascertaned t+at no
corroboraton s no8 obtanable1 and t+at /ss /one" +as faled to obtan
$er'sson to &2e t+e na'e of t+e lad" 8+o ded. 6e +a2e t+erefore been
)nable to 2erf" t+e date of t+e deat+.
*() A . 4ro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;A;. In t+e case 8e +a2e ne#t to E)ote9 (sa"
t+e 8rters of t+e Re$ort9)1 )nless 8e acce$t t+e +"$ot+ess of c+anceC
concdencet+e e2dence for t+e a&enc" of t+e dead s certanl" stron&1
beca)se an" ot+er e#$lanaton co'$atble 8t+ t+e 2eract" of t+e narrators
reE)res a 2er" co'$lcated and '$robable +"$ot+ess as re&ards t+e s)bC
consco)s acton of (en+or Cabral5s 'nd. T+e case ca'e nto o)r collecton
'erel" as a tactle +all)cnatonJ b)t t+e 'an nterest of t de$ends on t+e
concdent e#$erence of ,onna 4elcana 4ortes. It see's do)btf)l fro' t+e
acco)nt &2en 8+et+er s+e +ad a +all)cnator" 2son1 or 'erel" a 'ental
2son1 b)t for o)r $resent $)r$ose t+s s )n'$ortant.9
9rom (E!-OR :LY((E( 7. C. C%BR%L.
R:% E(COB%R <A1 RIO ,E 7%!EIRO1 2arch *.th, *A@..
L%fter relatn& +s frst 'eetn& n 7)ne *AAB1 8t+ ,eolnda19 a c+ld
8+o' +e +ad fo)nd n &reat $o2ert" and +ad ta3en c+ar&e of1 and +er deat+
fro' cons)'$ton s+ortl" after8ards1 (en+or Cabral contn)esJM
(o'e 'ont+s $assed1 and '" fa'l" (8+c+ no8 ncl)ded '" 8fe5s
ot+er sster1 %'ela) 8ent to sta" at a $lantaton belon&n& to frends. I
escorted t+e' t+t+er1 and ret)rned to attend to '" obl&atons n t+e ct". In
order not to be alone1 I acce$ted t+e n2taton of '" frend1 BarboNa de
%ndrade1 and 8ent to l2e 8t+ +' n (. C+rsto2a'. One 'ont+
after8ards1 a sster of BarboNa5s1 8+o 8as ll1 ca'e nto +s +o)se. (+e &re8
dal" 8orse1 and after t+e la$se of a fe8 'ont+s +ad s)n3 so lo8 t+at 8e
+ad to st )$ 8t+ +er at n&+t.
One n&+t1 8+en I +ad ta3en '" t)rn at n)rsn&1 I felt slee$"1 and 8ent
to le do8n. T8o ssters1 ,onnas %nna I&neN ,as 4ortes and 4elcana ,as
(no8 deceased)1 too3 '" $lace. I +ad 'ade t+er acE)antance b)t a fe8
da"s before. %fter stretc+n& '"self on t+e bed1 I 8as flled 8t+ a feeln& of
)nbo)nded Do". I 8as +a$$"1 and co)ld not 'a&ne 8+at 8as t+e ca)se of
'" +a$$ness. I +ad a sensaton as f so'e one 8ere +oldn& '" +ead and
$lacn& so'et+n& ro)nd t.
%stons+ed at '" e#$erence1 I called to t+e lades 8+o 8ere 8atc+n&
n t+e ne#t roo'1 and ,onna 4elcana1 t+o)&+ fro' t+e $lace 8+ere s+e
8as seated s+e co)ld not see 'e1 ans8ered 'e bac31 I see at "o)r bedsde a
s$rt c+ld clot+ed n 8+te. (+e $laces on "o)r +ead a cro8n of roses. (+e
sa"s +er na'e s ,eolnda1 and s+e co'es to t+an3 "o) for t+e 3ndness and
c+art" 8t+ 8+c+ "o) be+a2ed to +er.9 I 8as a'aNed at s)c+ a declaraton1
for t+at 2er" da" 8as t+e ann2ersar" of ,eolnda5s deat+1 and net+er I nor
+ii,IKJ- an" ot+er $erson n t+e +o)se +ad recollected t+s.
*
Besdes1 I +ad
ne2er s$o3en on t+e s)bDect.
T+e t8o lades 8ere 8ort+" of t+e +&+est res$ect. %s for ,onna %nna
4ortes1 8+o s stll al2e1 o)r frends+$ s no8 of lon& standn&1 and I
render +er all t+e +o'a&e 8+c+ +er 2rt)e and &oodness 'ert.
:LY((E( C%BR%L1
5*irector o$ the !Atheneu )ra3ieiro6.
T+e follo8n& corroborat2e state'ents 8ere obtaned b" Professor
%le#anderJ
RIO ,E 7%!EIRO1 2arch *Bth, *A@..
T+e $art of t+e abo2e narrat2e 8+c+ res$ects 'e s e#act. I a' s)re
t+at net+er '" sster nor I 3ne8 of t+e stor" of ,eolnda before s+e 8as
seen b" t+e sde of (en+or :l"sses Cabral on t+e n&+t 'entoned.
%!!% IG!EV ,I%( 4ORTE(.
RIO ,E 7%!EIRO1 2arch *=th, *A@..
T+e abo2e narrat2e concdes 8t+ o)r recollecton of 8+at +a$$ened n
o)r +o)se.
.
6e are certan t+at o)r frend1 (en+or :l"sses Cabral1 told )s
t+e stor" of ,eolnda onl" after t+e latter +ad been seen b" ,onna 4elcana
4ortes.
/%!:EL 7/. B%RBOV% ,E %!,R%,E.
E/ILI% B%RBOV% ,E %!,R%,E.
Professor %le#ander 8rtesJ
RIO ,E 7%!EIRO1 2arch *=th, *A@..
In re$l" to f)rt+er E)estons1 (en+or :l"sses Cabral sad t+e sensaton
on t+e +ead 8as t+at of a sl&+t b)t dstnct co'$resson. -e s)$$osed at
frst t+at a to8el +ad n so'e 8a" 8o)nd tself ro)nd +s +ead. -e dd not
s$ea3 of t+s sensaton to t+e lades n t+e ne#t roo'. T+e ecstatc feeln&
8o)ld not allo8 +' to slee$ 8+en +e la" do8n. It 8as on t+e night of t+e
ann2ersar" of t+e c+ld5s deat+1 abo)t t8el2e o5cloc31 t+at t+s occ)rred.
(en+or Cabral bele2ed t+at +e +ad not s$o3en of ,eolnda to t+e $eo$le of
t+e +o)se1 and t+s s confr'ed1 f t+ere are no la$ses of 'e'or"1 b" t+e
state'ents of t+e ot+er $ersons concerned. -e t+o)&+t t+at t+e l)stre of +s
deed of c+art" 8o)ld be so'e8+at tarns+ed f told e2en to frends. T+o)&+
at '" reE)est +e +as 'ade t+e 8+ole ncdent $)blc1 +e does so1 I a' 8ell
ass)red1 8t+ t+e ntenton of +el$n& )s n a E)est 8+c+ +e +olds to be allC
'$ortant. Bot+ +e and ,onna %nna 4ortes affr' t+at t+e" ca'e to&et+er
n t+at +o)se for t+e frst t'e on t+at n&+t1 alt+o)&+ t+e" +ad 'et once or
t8ce before at ($rtst sttn&s. T+e lad" sa"s t+e" 8ere con2ersn& abo)t
($rts' at t+e t'e of (en+or Cabral5s e#$erence.
,onna 4elcana 4ortes1 no8 dead1 8as a re'ar3able senst2e1
accordn& to t+e acco)nts I +a2e rece2ed of +er b" s)r22n& frends.
T+e 8tnesses to t+e abo2e case are all ($rtstsG b)t t+e" are $eo$le n
8+ose 2eract" I can tr)st '$lctl".
%L4RE, %LE0%!,ER.
If9 (sa" t+e 8rters of t+e HRe$ortI) 8e are to e#cl)de ,eolnda5s
a&enc" +ere1 8e ')st s)$$ose t+at (en+or Cabral 8as s)bCconsco)sl" +ii,
IKK- a8are t+at t 8as t+e ann2ersar" of +er deat+1 and t+at t+s s)bC
consco)s recollecton $rod)ced b" assocaton t+e feeln& of +a$$ness and
t+e tactle +all)cnaton1 8t+o)t e2en t+en nfl)encn& +s consco)s
'e'or"G and1 f)rt+er1 t+at t+e ot+er 8tnesses 8ere affected b" tele$at+c
nfl)ence fro' +s )nconsco)s 'e'or". T+s s certanl" a +&+l" straned
+"$ot+ess1 and a fe8 'ore 8ellCe2denced cases of t+s sort 8o)ld &o far to
establs+ t+e a&enc" of t+e dead.9
*() B . 4ro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;=*. /rs. B. 8rtes as follo8sJ
Apri *A@..
%t 4esole1 on /arc+ **t+1 *AB@1 I 8as &2n& '" lttle c+ldren t+er
dnner at +alfC$ast one o5cloc3. It 8as a fne +ot da". %s I 8as n t+e act of
ser2n& 'acaron and 'l3 fro' a +&+ t)reen1 so t+at I +ad to stand to reac+
t1 and &2e '" attenton to 8+at I 8as don&on rasn& '" +ead (as ')c+
fro' fat&)e as for an" $)r$ose)1 t+e 8all o$$oste 'e see'ed to o$en1 and
I sa8 '" 'ot+er l"n& dead on +er bed n +er lttle +o)se at . (o'e
flo8ers 8ere at +er sde and on +er breastG s+e loo3ed cal'1 b)t
)n'sta3abl" dead1 and t+e coffn 8as t+ere.
It 8as so real t+at I co)ld scarcel" bele2e t+at t+e 8all 8as reall" brc3
and 'ortar1 and not a trans$arent 8ndo8n fact1 t 8as a 8all d2dn&
t+e +otel n 8+c+ 8e 8ere l2n& fro' t+e Carabner.
I 8as n 2er" 8ea3 +ealt+s)ffern& ntensel" 8t+ ne)ral&a+a2n&
&one t+ro)&+ a bad confne'ent1 bro)&+t on b" tra2elln&t+e bab" 8as
al'ost stllCborn1 on 7an)ar" ;*st.
O8n& to a fa'l" E)arrel1 I +ad left En&land 8t+o)t telln& '" $eo$le
8+ere I 8as &on&G b)t I 8as so fond of '" 'ot+er t+at1 8+en n Pars1 I
'ade an e#c)se to 8rte to an old ser2ant1 8+o l2ed 8t+ '" 'ot+er1 to as3
+er for a to" 8+c+ 8e +ad left 8t+ +er1 t+e obDect ben& to &et ne8s of '"
'ot+er. Re$l" ca'e t+at for "ears s+e +ad not been so 8ell and stron&G t+)s
I +ad no reason for 'a&nn& +er to be dead.
I 8as so dstressed at t+e 2son t+at I 8rote to +er ('" 'ot+er) to &2e
+er '" address1 and entreat +er to let 'e 3no8 +o8 s+e 8as. B" ret)rn of
$ost ca'e t+e state'ent t+at s+e +ad ded on /arc+ ?t+1 and 8as b)red on
t+e **t+. %t t+e +o)r I sa8 +er s+e 8as re'o2ed fro' +er +o'e to Rensal
Green Ce'eter". (+e +ad 8s+ed to see 'e so ')c+ t+at letters +ad been
sent to a &reat 'an" contnental ctes1 +o$n& I '&+t be fo)ndG b)t I ne2er
&ot a letter fro' '" sster tll lon& after I +ad rece2ed t+e ne8s of '"
'ot+er5s deat+.
6+en I 8as 'arred '" 'ot+er 'ade 'e $ro'se as I 8as lea2n&
+o'e to be s)re to let +er 3no8 n an" 8a" God $er'tted f I ded1 and s+e
8o)ld tr" to fnd so'e 8a" of co'')ncatn& to 'e t+e fact of +er deat+1
s)$$osn& t+at crc)'stances $re2ented t+e )s)al 'et+ods of 8rtn& or
tele&ra$+n&. I consdered t+e 2son a f)lfl'ent of t+s $ro'se1 for '"
'nd 8as en&rossed 8t+ '" o8n &ref and $ant+e loss of bab"1 and '"
ne)ral&a1 and t+e an#etes of startn& a ne8 lfe.
/" "o)n&est sster1 snce dead1 8as called to '" 'ot+er1 and left
,e2ons+re1 8+ere s+e 8as sta"n& 8t+ frends1 to co'e +o'e. 6+en s+e
arr2ed at +o'e1 s+e entered t+e dra8n&Croo'1 b)t r)s+ed o)t terrfed1
e#cla'n& t+at s+e +ad seen &od'a''a1 8+o 8as seated b" t+e fre n '"
'ot+er5s c+ar. God'a''a +ad been dead snce *A?.. (+e +ad been '"
'ot+er5s &o2erness +ii,IKL- al'ost fosterC'ot+erG +ad l2ed 8t+ +er
d)rn& +er 'arred lfe1 been &od'ot+er to +er eldest &rl1 and 8+en '"
fat+er ded1 +ad acce$ted t+e d)t" of ta3n& +s $lace as far as $ossble n t+e
fa'l"1 to s+eld +er fro' tro)ble and $rotect +era d)t" 8+c+ s+e
f)lflled nobl".
/" ot+er sster 8ent nto t+e dra8n&Croo' to see 8+at +ad scared R
1 and sa8 t+e f&)re of &od'a''a D)st as R +ad. Later n t+e da"
t+e sa'e f&)re stood b"1 t+en sat on t+e ed&e of '" 'ot+er5s bed1 and 8as
seen b" bot+ '" ssters and t+e old ser2ant1 loo3n& D)st as s+e +ad 8+en
al2e1 e#ce$t t+at s+e 8ore a &re" dress1 and1 as far as 8e co)ld re'e'ber1
s+e +ad al8a"s 8orn blac3. /" 'ot+er sa8 +er1 for s+e t)rned to8ards +er
and sad1 /ar"9+er na'e.
6e +a2e 2erfed t+e date of deat+ t+ro)&+ t+e Re&ster at (o'erset
-o)se.
/rs. B. +as +ad se2eral ot+er +all)cnator" e#$erences1 e.g., n *A=B1 n
an Italan c+)rc+1 s+e sa8 an a$$arton of a c+ld1 8+c+ +ad been $onted
o)t to +er b" +er lttle da)&+ter1 t+en a&ed t+ree1 b)t 8as n2sble to a
frend 8+o acco'$aned +er. It dsa$$eared1 and ''edatel" after8ards
t+e bod" of a dead c+ld1 rese'bln& t+e f&)re t+e" +ad seen1 8as bro)&+t
nto t+e c+)rc+. T+e frend 8+o 8as 8t+ /rs. B. s no8 dead1 so t+at no
corroboraton can be obtaned1 +er da)&+ter not ben& able to re'e'ber t+e
ncdent. /ost of /rs. B.5s ot+er e#$erences 8ere1 so far as can be
ascertaned1 $)rel" s)bDect2e.
/r. Pod'ore1 8+o 2sted /r. and /rs. B. on %$rl At+1 *A@;1 8rtesJ
Apri *>th, *A@;.
/rs. B. &a2e 'e a f)ll acco)nt of +er 2son of +er 'ot+er. (+e +ad
absol)tel" no ca)se for an#et"1 t+e last ne8s ben& t+at +er 'ot+er 8as
better t+an s+e +ad been for "ears. T+ere 8as a c+ronc al'ent1 b)t no
reason to antc$ate deat+ soon. T+e c+ldren 8ere too "o)n& to re'e'ber
t1 b)t /r. B. told 'e t+at +e ca'e n a fe8 'n)tes later and co'forted +s
8fe1 8+lst s+e 8as cr"n& on t+e sofa. % 8rtten note of t+e date 8as ta3en
and co'$ared 8t+ t+e date &2en n t+e letter after8ards rece2ed1 b)t all
'e'oranda and letters of t+at t'e 8ere lost. Bot+ /r. and /rs. B. are
satsfed of t+e concdence of t+e 2son 8t+ t+e da" of t+e f)neral.
*31 A . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *=;. T+e follo8n& case
8as sent to )s b" /rs. Bro8ne1 of Bdston1 %lle"n Road1 6est ,)l8c+.
T+e frst narrat2e s e#tracted fro' an acco)nt $r2atel" $rnted a fe8
'ont+s after t+e e2ents occ)rred.
-%YLETT -O:(E1 (:RBITO!1 1uy *A@*.
!e8bra" -all 8as dro8ned off (tart Pont1 ,e2on1 d)rn& t+e &reat
stor' of /arc+ @t+1 *A@*1 +s 2essel1 t+e 2arana, ben& one of t+e 'an"
8+c+ 8ere lost at t+at s$ot.
-e +ad +ad t+e offer of t8o or t+ree 2essels1 ncl)dn& t+e 2arana, and
ca'e +o'e on t+e .At+ 4ebr)ar"1 to consder 8+at +e s+o)ld do1 and
dsc)ssed t+e 'atter at consderable len&t+ on T)esda" e2enn&1 t+e ;rd
/arc+1 8t+ +s fat+er and Ca$tan B"n&1 an old na2al frend. T+e deceased
sle$t at +o'e on +ii,IKM- 6ednesda" and 4rda"1 and stated t+at +e 8o)ld
ret)rn to dnner on t+e (at)rda"1 b)t +e dd not do so1 and on /onda"
'ornn& +s 'ot+er rece2ed a letter fro' +' statn& t+at +e +ad saled t+e
$re2o)s da" n t+e 2arana.
On /onda" e2enn& t+e stor' too3 $lace1 and on t+e T)esda" or
6ednesda" n&+t follo8n&1 /ss %nne -all1 a&ed t8ent"Cse2en1 t+e sster
of t+e deceased1 drea't t+at s+e sa8 +er brot+er on a raft a$$arentl"
co'$osed of loose $lan3s of 8ood1 and +e a$$eared to be s8''n&. On
t+e sa'e or s)bseE)ent n&+ts s+e +ad ot+er drea's1 n 8+c+ s+e sa8 +er
brot+er l"n& n a roo'1 b)t s+e 8as )nable to sa" 8+et+er al2e or dead.
T+s all too3 $lace before an" ne8s +ad been rece2ed of t+e loss of t+e
2arana, and /ss -all related +er drea's ''edatel" to /rs. ("'s1 a&ed
fort"1 8+o +ad l2ed 8t+ t+e fa'l" as coo3 for abo)t ten "ears. On 4rda"
n&+t a tele&ra' 8as rece2ed at ()rbton fro' t+e o8ners statn& t+at t+e
2arana +ad been 8rec3ed1 and on t+e (at)rda" 'ornn& /r. 6ood1 8+o
8as n t+e e'$lo" of t+e deceased5s fat+er1 8ent do8n to ,e2ons+re1 and
+a2n& ascertaned t+at t+e bod" of t+e deceased +ad been reco2ered1 and
8as l"n& n a +o)se at Pra8le1 (o)t+ ,e2on1 +e dentfed t1 and bro)&+t t
to Broo38ood for b)ral.
/atters re'aned n t+s $oston )ntl t+e *Bt+ 7)ne1 8+en /rs. -all
and +er da)&+ter 8ent to t+e +o)se at Pra8le n 8+c+ t+e bod" +ad been
$laced1 and /ss -all at once $ost2el" dentfed t+e roo' as t+e one s+e
+ad seen n +er drea's. :$on &on& to t+e s$ot also 8+ere t+e bod" +ad
been fo)nd1 a lar&e n)'ber of ral8a" slee$ers 8ere obser2ed1 8+c+ +ad
been 8as+ed )$ fro' t+e 8rec31 and1 as can be seen fro' a $+oto&ra$+1
+a2e 2er" ')c+ t+e a$$earance of a raft s)c+ as t+at descrbed n t+e frst
drea'.
T+e sster5s drea's1 so far as can be ascertaned1 acc)ratel" re$resented
t+e e2ents 8+c+ too3 $lace n connecton 8t+ t+e deat+ of +er brot+er.
/ss -all 8rote to /rs. Bro8neJ
BLE!-EI/ LO,GE1 (:RBITO!1 1uy <th, *A@?.
/" brot+er !e8bra" saled on ()nda"1 /arc+ At+1 *A@*1 n t+e
2arana, a s'all stea'er1 as +e +ad to fll )$ s# 'ont+s before +e co)ld
$ass as ca$tanG t+en +e 8as &on& n t+e P. & O. I +ad no dea !e8bra"
8as &on& to sal so soon1 b)t 8e 8ere to 'eet +' n London on (at)rda"1
/arc+ =t+1 b)t +e ddn5t co'e. On ()nda" 'ot+er +ad a letter to sa" t+e"
8ere saln& t+at 'ornn& and +e co)ldn5t &et a8a". I 8rote +' a lon& letter
on /onda" Lt+eM @t+1 and n t+e afternoon 8ent to see a &rl frend n
Rn&ston1 b)t I felt so ll and de$ressed t+at I ddn5t sta" 2er" late. It 8as
abo)t <.;> 8+en I 8ent nto t+e 'ar3etC$lace to ta3e t+e o'nb)s +o'e.
6+en I 8as standn& 8atn&1 a fearf)l &)st of 8nd and sno8 see'ed to
blo81 es$ecall" ro)nd 'e1t+at 8as abo)t t+e t'e t+e s+$ str)c31
t+o)&+ t+e stor' 8as &ettn& 2er" bad ndeed. !e8bra" and I 8ere so
de2oted t+at I felt +e 8as n so'e a8f)l tro)ble. 6+en I &ot +o'e I &a2e )$
a concert I 8as &on& to1 as I felt so ll and an#o)s. I ddn5t drea' an"t+n&
on t+e /onda"1 b)t on T)esda" I drea't t+at I sa8 +' on a raft 'ade )$ of
loose $lan3s of 8ood1 and +e a$$eared to be s8''n&. On t+e sa'e and
follo8n& n&+ts I +ad ot+er drea's1 and n one $artc)lar one I sa8 +'
l"n& on t+e floor n a roo' 8t+ a slantn& roofG +e loo3ed 2er" stll and
8+te1 b)t I co)ldn5t tell f +e 8ere al2e or dead. I co)ld tell t+e roo' 8as
n t+e co)ntr" so'e8+ere1 as I co)ld see t 8as 8+te8as+ed and t+e" +ad
red flo8ers n t+e 8ndo8s. I told o)r old coo31 /rs. ("'s1 8+o +ad been
8t+ )s ten "ears1 8+en s+e ca'e )$ 8t+ '" tea. On 4rda" 8e &ot a +ii,
IKN- tele&ra' to sa" t+e 2arana 8as 8rec3ed. On 7)ne *Bt+ 'ot+er and I
8ent to t+e +o)se at Pra8le 8+ere t+e" +ad ta3en +s $oor bod". %s soon as
I &ot n I 8ent )$stars to t+e roo'1 as I 3ne8 t at once fro' '" drea'1 and
$onted o)t to 'ot+er t+e s$ot 8+ere +e la". T+e 8o'an n t+e +o)se
co)ldn5t )nderstand t1 as I +ad ne2er been t+ere. /" drea' 8as acc)rate n
e2er" detal1 e2en to t+e lo8 lon& 8ndo8s1 and t+e 'ost 8onderf)l t+n&
8as t+at I drea't t+e drea' t+e n&+t +e 8as ta3en to t+e cotta&e. -s bod"
8as fo)nd a'on&st ral8a" slee$ers t+at loo3ed D)st t+e sa'e as I sa8 t+e'
n '" frst drea'1 so n e2er" res$ect '" drea's re$resented acc)ratel" t+e
e2ents 8+c+ too3 $lace n connecton 8t+ '" brot+er5s deat+. I +ad ne2er
been to (o)t+ ,e2on1 and ne2er +eard of Pra8le. -e 8as t8ent"Cf2e and I
t8ent"Cse2en 8+en +e ded. 6e 8ere 'ost de2oted.
%!!IE -%LL.
T+e follo8n& note 8as 8rtten b" t+e ser2ant to 8+o' /ss -all
related +er drea's at t+e t'eJ
BLE!-EI/ LO,GE1 (:RBITO!.
/ss -all told 'e abo)t +er drea's 8+en I too3 +er bedroo' tea n
before s+e 8as )$.
/%RY (Y/(.
/rs. -all 8rtesJ
BLE!-EI/ LO,GE1 (:RBITO!1 1uy *.th.
I be& to sa" t+at '" da)&+ter1 %nne -all1 descrbed t+e roo' at Pra8le
to 'e be$ore 8e 2sted t+e $lace1 n fact so dstnctl" t+at on entern& t+e
roo' I 8as str)c3 8t+ t+e rese'blance and t)rned to '" da)&+ter for
confr'aton.
E. O. -%LL.
/ss -all 8rtes f)rt+erJ
BLE!-EI/ LO,GE1 (:RBITO!1 1uy *.th, *A@?.
T+e drea's 8ere of condtons actuay e0isting, D)st as t 8as
+a$$enn& to '" brot+er !e8bra"1 not $ro$+etc. I +a2e ne2er +ad an"
ot+er drea's n '" lfe. %nd I can onl" concl)de t+at I +ad t+ese beca)se
'" brot+er and I 8ere so de2oted.
(ee also a case &2en n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .;@1 8+ere a 'an
8+le boatn& sees n t+e 8ater a 2son of t+e soles of t8o stoc3n&ed feet1
8+c+ +e reco&nses as t+ose of a frend. T+e frend s dro8nn& t+ree 'les
off at t+e t'e.
*33 A . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .;>. T+e follo8n& acco)nt
8as sent to /r. Pod'ore1 b" /ss 4. %t3nson1 of .? %lders+ot Road1
6llesden Lane1 !.6.1 enclosed n a letter dated !o2e'ber ?t+1 *A@;. /r.
Pod'ore +ad rece2ed a 2erbal acco)nt of t+e ncdent fro' /ss %t3nson
on t+e $re2o)s da".
On (at)rda"1 7)l" *st1 *A@;1 I 8as n L for t+e $)r$ose of loo3n&
o2er t+e old c+)rc+es 8t+ a frend 8t+ 8+o' I 8as sta"n&. %'on& ot+ers
8e 8ent to (t. /5s. /" frend +ad been telln& 'e of a 2er" dear old
frend of t+e fa'l" 8+o 8as b)red n t+at c+)rc+1 and 8+o +ad left a s)'
of 'one" to +a2e a 8ndo8 $)t n to +s 'e'or"1 and +ad e2en +ad t+e
8ndo8 $re$ared for t+e &lass to be $)t n1 b)t t+at t+e $erson 8+o +ad
n+erted +s fort)ne ne&lected +s 8s+. (I don5t 3no8 +o8 'an" "ears +e
+ad been dead.)
+ii,IKO-
%fter 8e +ad loo3ed o2er t+e c+)rc+1 and a'on& ot+er t+n&s seen t+e
brass o2er t+s &entle'an5s 2a)lt1 8e ca'e to t+e 8ndo8 8+c+ o)&+t to
+a2e been flled n. I re'e'ber t+at t+e ne&lect of +s 8s+ E)te 'ade 'e
an&r"1 and I sad1 loo3n& at t+e 8ndo81 If I 8as ,r. I s+o)ld co'e
bac3 and t+ro8 stones at t.9
7)st t+en I sa8 an old &entle'an be+nd )s1 b)t t+n3n& +e 8as loo3n&
o2er t+e c+)rc+ too3 no notce. B)t '" frend &ot 2er" 8+te and sad1
Co'e a8a"1 t+ere is ,r. Z9 !ot ben& a bele2er n a$$artons1 I
s'$l" for t+e 'o'ent t+o)&+t s+e 8as craN"1 t+o)&+ I 3ne8 t+e" 8ere a
&+ostCseen& fa'l". B)t1 8+en I 'o2ed1 stll loo3n& at +'1 and t+e f&)re
before '" 2er" e"es 2ans+ed1 I +ad to &2e n. T+en t da8ned )$on 'e
t+at nobod" co)ld +a2e been loo3n& o2er t+e c+)rc+ b)t o)rsel2es.
4rst1 t+e c+)rc+ +ad been e'$t" 8+en 8e 8ent n1 and nobod" co)ld
+a2e co'e n 8t+o)t t+er footste$s ben& +eard1 and secondl"1 t+e $art
8+ere 8e 8ere standn& ended n a cu de sac and t+e $erson to &et t+ere
8o)ld +a2e been obl&ed to as3 )s to 'o2e1 as 8e entrel" bloc3ed )$ t+e
narro8 asle. 4or t+e fe8 'o'ents +e 8as 2sble I sa8 +' dstnctl"G +e
8as s+ort and broad1 and 8ore an oldCfas+oned te1 and a 8astcoat c)t lo8
and s+o8n& a &reat deal of s+rtCfront. One +and 8as restn& on a $e81 and
one do8n at +s sde +oldn& +s 2er" tall +at. B)t t+e t+n& t+at str)c3 'e
'ost 8as t+e s)n s+nn& on +s 8+te +ar1 and 'a3n& t loo3 l3e sl2erG
e2en no8 I can see +' dstnctl" n '" 'nd5s e"e. It certanl" s)r$rsed
'e to see 8+at 8as a$$arentl" too sold fles+9 dsa$$ear before '" 2er"
e"es1 and 8+en 8e &ot o)tsde '" frend told 'e t+at +s 8as t+e f&)re
8+c+ ca'e to dfferent 'e'bers of t+er fa'l" so often1 and1 ndeed1 +ad
been t+e ca)se of t+er lea2n& one +o)se. One of +er ssters +ad been so
affected b" t1 t+at s+e 8ll ne2er slee$ alone1 or &o )$stars alone. 6+en 8e
&ot +o'e I easl" reco&nsed t+e doctor b" +s $+oto&ra$+.
4. %TRI!(O!.
In re$l" to /r. Pod'ore5s f)rt+er nE)res1 /ss %t3nson 8rtesJ
.? %L,ER(-OT RO%,1 6ILLE(,E! L%!E1 !.6.1 November @th,
*A@;.
I +a2e not +eard fro' /ss "et1 b)t a' 8rtn& to ans8er "o)r
E)estons.
!o. *. I +eard no nose 8+ate2er1 not t+e sightest so)nd. B)t I +ad a
feeln& t+at I cannot descrbe t+at so'ebod" 8as be+nd )s. (o I t)rned
ro)nd.
!o. .. %s far as I can no8 re'e'ber 8e both t)rned at precisey t+e
sa'e 'o'ent. /" frend nat)rall" reco&nsed +'. I dd not t+n3 an"t+n&
of t1 )ntl I sa8 +er face 8+en I t)rned bac3 a&an to loo3 at t+e 8ndo8.
!o. ;. Lon& before 8e 8ent nto L1 '" frend told 'e t+e" +ad
been +a)nted to a dreadf)l e#tent at t+er old +o)se. B)t be"ond sa"n& t+at
t 8as a 'an and an old frend of +er 'ot+er5s1 Ls+eM dd not descrbe t1 and
I dd not L$a" an" attenton to tM3no8n& t+e' to be a +&+l" ner2o)s1
+"stercal fa'l". 6e ot+er8se ne2er tal3ed abo)t t1 as s+e can5t bear t+e
s)bDect. %fter8ards s+e told 'e t 8as ,r. 1 t+e f&)re 8e sa8 n t+e
c+)rc+1 8+o +a)nted t+e'.
!o. <. T+e $+oto&ra$+ 8as n a fra'e and /rs. sadJ 6as t
an"t+n& l3e t+sW9 %nd t 8as e#actl" l3e t+e f&)re. I for&ot to tell "o)
t+at after8ards L'" frend told 'e t+at on &on& nto t+e c+)rc+ s+e +ad felt
as t+o)&+ s+e co)ld not &o n1 as f so'et+n& 8as t+ere1 b)t dd not l3e to
+ii,ILP- sa" so to 'e1 as s+e 3ne8 I 2er" ')c+ 8s+ed to &o o2er t. (+e
also t+o)&+t t '&+t fr&+ten 'e.
/" onl" ot+er e#$erence 8as 8+en I 8as a bab" of abo)t t8o or t+ree1
8+en '" lttle brot+er1 8+o ded1 ca'e to '" 'ot+er1 and t+en to 'eJ I
don5t re'e'ber t1 b)t '" 'ot+er sa"s I cred o)t t+at +e +ad co'e bac3
a&an1 and s+e +erself +ad D)st seen +'.
4. %TRI!(O!.
/ss %t3nson as3ed +er frend to &2e an acco)nt of +er s+are n t+e
e#$erence1 b)t s+e declned to do so1 alle&n& as a reason +er stron& dsl3e
of t+e 8+ole s)bDect. 6e +a2e1 t+erefore1 been )nable to obtan an" f)rt+er
e2dence n t+e 'atter.
*33 B . T+e ne#t case s re'ar3able for t+e freE)ent re$etton of t+e
$erc$ent5s e#$erence. It s one of t+ose t+at s)&&est1 as 8e +a2e sad (see
*03 and *33 /, a 3nd of local '$rnt left b" $ast e2ents1 and $erce$tble at
t'es to $ersons endo8ed 8t+ so'e s$ecal for' of senst2eness. I E)ote
fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <*A1 t+e acco)nt1 &2en b" /r. ,. /.
T"re1 *?= (t. %ndre85s Road1 Pollo3s+elds1 Glas&o8.
<ctober @th, *AA?.
In t+e s)''er of *A=< '" sster and I 8ent d)rn& o)r +olda"s to sta"
8t+ a &ardener and +s 8fe n a +o)se 8+c+ 8as b)lt far )$1 f)ll" t+reeC
E)arters of a 'le1 on t+e face of a +ll o2erloo3n& one of t+e 'ost bea)tf)l
loc+s n ,)'bartons+re1 D)st on t+e bo)ndar" of t+e -&+lands. %
c+ar'n& s$ot ndeed1 alt+o)&+ far off t+e 'an road8a". 6e ne2er
8eared1 and so del&+ted 8ere 8e 8t+ t+e $lace t+at '" $eo$le too3 a
lease of t+e +o)se for t+e follo8n& t+ree "ears. 4ro' t+s $ont '"
narrat2e be&ns. Ben& connected n b)sness 8t+ t+e ct"1 8e co)ld not &et
do8n to Glen /. all to&et+er1 so t+at '" t8o ssters and '"self 8ere sent
a8a" earl" n /a" to +a2e t+e +o)se $)t n order and attend to t+e &arden1
&c. &c.1 for t+e co'n& +olda"s1 8+en 8e 8o)ld be all do8n to&et+er. 6e
+ad lots of 8or3 to do1 and as t+e nearest 2lla&e 8as f2e 'les dstant1 and
o)r nearest ne&+bo)rs1 t+e $eo$le at t+e s+ore1 nearl" a 'le a8a"1 8e 8ere
$rett" E)et on t+e +ll and left to o)r o8n reso)rces.
One da" '" elder sster 7. reE)red to &o to t+e 2lla&e for so'et+n& or
ot+er1 lea2n& )s aloneG and as t+e afternoon ca'e on I 8ent $art of t+e 8a"
to 'eet +er1 lea2n& '" ot+er sster L. all alone. 6+en 8e ret)rned1 abo)t B
P./.1 8e fo)nd L. do8n t+e +ll to 'eet )s n a rat+er e#cted state1 sa"n&
t+at an old 8o'an +ad ta3en )$ +er E)arters n t+e 3tc+en and 8as l"n& n
t+e bed. 6e as3ed f s+e 3ne8 8+o s+e 8as. (+e sad no1 t+at t+e old 8fe
8as l"n& on t+e bed 8t+ +er clot+es on1 and t+at $ossbl" s+e 8as a tn3er
bod" (a &$s")1 t+erefore s+e 8as afrad to &o n 8t+o)t )s. 6e 8ent )$ to
t+e +o)se 8t+ L.G '" "o)n&er sster L. &on& n frst sad1 on &on& nto t+e
3tc+en1 T+ere s+e s19 $ontn& to t+e bed1 and t)rnn& to )s e#$ectn& t+at
8e 8o)ld 8a3e +er )$ and as3 8+at s+e 8as t+ere for. I loo3ed n t+e bed
and so dd '" elder sster1 b)t t+e clot+es 8ere flat and )nr)ffled1 and 8+en
8e sad t+at t+ere 8as not+n& t+ere s+e 8as E)te s)r$rsed1 and $ontn&
8t+ +er fn&er1 sad1 Loo31 8+" t+ere5s t+e old 8fe 8t+ +er clot+es on
and l"n& 8t+ +er +ead to8ards t+e 8ndo8G9 b)t 8e co)ld not see
an"t+n&. T+en for t+e frst t'e t see'ed to da8n )$on +er t+at s+e 8as
seen& so'et+n& +ii,ILG- t+at 8as not nat)ral to )s all1 and s+e beca'e
2er" ')c+ afrad1 and 8e too3 +er to t+e ot+er roo' and tred to soot+e +er1
for s+e 8as tre'bln& all o2er. G+ostZ 8+"1 t+e t+o)&+t ne2er entered o)r
'nds for a secondG b)t 8e started c+o$$n& 8ood and 'a3n& a fre for t+e
e2enn& 'eal. T+e 2er" dea of an" one ben& n t+e bed 8as rdc)lo)s1 so
8e attrb)ted t to 'a&naton1 and lfe at t+e +o)se 8ent on as )s)al for
abo)t t8o da"s1 8+en one afternoon1 as 8e 8ere sttn& n t+e 3tc+en ro)nd
t+e fre1 t ben& a cold1 8et da" o)tsde1 L. startled )s b" e#cla'n&1
T+ere s t+e old 8o'an a&an1 and l"n& t+e sa'e 8a".9 L. dd not see' to
be so ')c+ afrad t+s t'e1 so 8e as3ed +er to descrbe t+e f&)reG and 8t+
+er e"es f#ed on t+e bed and 8t+ 'oton of t+e fn&er1 s+e 8ent on to tell
)s +o8 t+at t+e old 8fe 8as not l"n& )nder t+e blan3ets1 b)t on to$1 8t+
+er clot+es and boots on1 and +er le&s dra8n )$ as t+o)&+ s+e 8ere coldG
+er face 8as t)rned to t+e 8all1 and s+e +ad on 8+at s 3no8n n t+e
-&+lands as a so8Cbac3ed ')tc+19 t+at s1 a 8+te ca$ 8+c+ onl" old
8o'en 8earG t +as a frll ro)nd t+e front and stc3s o)t at t+e bac31 t+)s.
*
(+e also 8ore a drabCcolo)red $ettcoat1 and a c+ec3ed s+a8l ro)nd +er
s+o)lders1 dra8n t&+t. ()c+ 8as t+e descr$ton &2enG s+e co)ld not see
+er face1 b)t +er r&+t +and 8as +)&&n& +er left ar'1 and s+e sa8 t+at t+e
+and 8as "ello8 and t+n1 and 8rn3led l3e t+e +ands of old $eo$le 8+o
+a2e done a lot of +ard 8or3 n t+er da".
6e sat loo3n& at t+e bed for a lon& t'e1 8t+ an occasonal bt of
nfor'aton fro' L.1 8+o 8as t+e onl" one 8+o sa8 t+e f&)re.
T+s +a$$ened often2er" often1 ndeed so freE)entl" t+at 8e &ot )sed
to t1 and )sed to tal3 abo)t t a'on& o)rsel2es as L.5s old 8o'an.9
/ds)''er ca'e1 and t+e rest of o)r $eo$le fro' t+e ct"1 and t+en for
t+e frst t'e 8e beca'e nt'ate 8t+ o)r ne&+bo)rs and t8o or t+ree
fa'les at t+e s+ore. On one occason '" elder sster bro)&+t )$ t+e s)bDect
before a /rs. /HP.1 o)r nearest ne&+bo)r1 and 8+en s+e descrbed t+e
f&)re to +er1 /rs. /HP. 8ellCn&+ s8ooned a8a"1 and sad t+at t reall" 8as
t+e caseG t+e descr$ton 8as t+e sa'e as t+e frst 8fe of t+e 'an 8+o l2ed
n t+e +o)se before )s1 and t+at +e cr)ell" llC)sed +s 8fe1 to t+e e#tent t+at
t+e last beatn& s+e ne2er reco2ered fro'. T+e stor" /rs. /HP. told r)ns
so'e8+at l3e t+s1 of 8+c+ I can onl" &2e "o) t+e &stJ
/alcol'1 t+e 'an of t+e +o)se1 and +s 8fe Rate (t+e old 8o'an)1
l2ed a cat and do& lfeG s+e 8as +ardC8or3n&1 and +e &ot t$s" 8+ene2er
+e co)ld. T+e" 8ent one da" to 'ar3et 8t+ so'e fo8ls and $&s1 &c.1 and
on t+er 8a" bac3 +e $)rc+ased a +alfC&allon of 8+s3". -e carred t $art of
t+e 8a"1 and 8+en +e &ot tred &a2e t to +erG 8+le +e too3 freE)ent rests
b" t+e 8a"sde. (+e 'ana&ed to &et +o'e before +'1 and 8+en +e ca'e
+o'e late +e acc)sed +er of drn3n& t+e contents of t+e Dar. -e &a2e +er
s)c+ a beatn& t+at +e 8as afrad1 and 8ent do8n to t+s /rs. /HP.1 sa"n&
t+at +s 8fe 8as 2er" ll. 6+en /rs. /HP. 8ent )$ to t+e +o)se s+e fo)nd
Rate1 as '" sster descrbed1 8t+ +er clot+es on1 and l"n& 8t+ +er face to
t+e 8all for t+e $)r$ose1 as /rs. /HP. sad1 of concealn& +er face1 8+c+
8as 2er" badl" colo)red b" t+e llCtreat'ent of +er +)sband. T+e fns+C)$
8as +er deat+1 s+e +a2n& ne2er reco2ered.
T+e fore&on& s as nearl" a co'$lete co'$end)' of t+e facts as I1 8t+
t+e +el$ of '" sster 7.1 can re'e'ber.
/" sster L. s no8 dead1 b)t 8e often &o bac3 to t+e +o)se 8+en 8e are
an" 8a" near t+e localt"1 beca)se t s a br&+t s$ot n o)r 'e'or".
((&ned) ,. /. TYRE.
+ii,ILH-
/r. T"re adds1 n a letter to /r. ,a2d (te8art1 of Rncad -o)se1
/lton of Ca'$se1 !.B.1 8+o $roc)red t+s acco)nt for )sJ
I 8as at t+e +o)se last 'ont+G t+ere s no one n t D)st no8G t+e last
tenant +as &one abroad1 and t+e +o)se s so'e8+at dla$dated1 and t+e
&arden a r)n. 6e +ad a loo3 t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo8 at t+e old 3tc+en and sa8
o)r o8n &rate stll re'ann&.
/r. (te8art 8rote to )s on %)&)st *;t+1 *AA?J
I 3no8 +o8 2al)able t+e act)al na'es and localtes 8o)ld be1 as 8ell
as /rs. /HP.5s nde$endent acco)nt1 b)t I +a2e as3ed so re$eatedl"1 and
been told t+at /rs. /HP. +ad &reat obDectons to $)blct"1 n case t 8o)ld
ra3e )$ old stores connected 8t+ t+e case1 t+at I do not l3e to as3 a&an.
*3, A . In a case $)bls+ed n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. @>1 /r.
6a'be" +eard a $+antas'al 2oce as t+o)&+ n colloE)" 8t+ +s o8n
t+o)&+t. -e 8as $lannn& a con&rat)lator" letter to a frend1 8+en t+e 8ords
6+atZ 8rte to a dead 'anW 8rte to a dead 'anW9 so)nded clearl" n +s
ears. T+e frend +ad been dead for so'e da"s. I add +ere a case 8+ere a
'essa&e see'ed to be &2en b" t+e decedent5s 2oce n a drea'. (4ro'
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <??.)
/r. Geor&e Rn&1 of *. ()nderland Terrace1 6estbo)rne Par31 6.1
8rtesJ
November Ath, *AA?.
T+e follo8n& s a bref acco)nt of an occ)rrence t+at too3 $lace ele2en
"ears a&o. I re$eat t+e facts e#actl" as t+e" +a$$ened1 and 'a3e no atte'$t
at co''ent or e#$lanaton. It s necessar" to &2e a fe8 8ords of $refator"
narrat2e.
/" brot+er ,.1 a fe8 "ears '" D)nor1 8as a +andso'e1 $o8erf)l "o)n&
'an1 t8ent"Cone "ears of a&e at t+e t'e of +s deat+1 and +e 8as an
)n)s)all" 2&oro)s s8''er. -e +ad &reatl" dstn&)s+ed +'self at sc+ool
and colle&e1 and +e 8as ent+)sastcall" de2oted to scentfc $)rs)ts. On
lea2n& t+e (cotts+ :n2erst" 8+ere +e +ad st)ded1 +e ado$ted tele&ra$+c
en&neern& for a $rofesson1 and as all +s tastes 8ere n t+at drecton +s
$ro&ress 8as ra$d. -s 'ore es$ecal de$art'ent 8as t+e constr)cton and
la"n& of dee$Csea cables1 and 8+en onl" t8ent" "ears of a&e +e 8as
a$$onted to t+e res$onsble $ost of s)$erntendent of t+e scentfc
de$art'ent n la"n& a cable for t+e BraNlan Go2ern'ent. In t+e
$erfor'ance of +s d)tes on t+e stor'" %tlantc coast of (o)t+ %'erca +e
+ad to enco)nter 'an" $erlsG and fnall" t+e stea'er :ornos, on 8+c+ +e
8as1 8as totall" 8rec3ed1 and t+e cable 8as lost. %ll l2es 8ere sa2ed1
t+o)&+ for 'an" +o)rs t+e dan&er +ad been e#tre'e. /" brot+er ret)rned
''edatel" b" 'al to London1 and t+ro)&+o)t t+e s)''er 'ont+s of
*A=< 8as en&a&ed n s)$erntendn& t+e 'an)fact)re of fres+ cable to
re$lace t+at 8+c+ +ad beco'e lost n t+e :ornos. ,)rn& t+ese fe8 'ont+s
,. and I +ad ')c+ affectonate nterco)rse1 and t+e bonds bet8een )s (+e
8as '" onl" brot+er) 8ere dra8n e2en closer t+an before.
In !o2e'ber *A=< t+e cable 8as fns+ed and s+$$ed on board t+e .a
&ata, a 'a&nfcent stea's+$1 carr"n& 8t+ +er e2er" a$$lance t+at co)ld
be reE)red to render t+e e#$edton safe. B" t+e 8rec3 of t+e :ornos ')c+
2al)able t'e +ad been lost1 and for s# 'ont+s a +)&e s)' of ca$tal +ii,
ILI- +ad been l"n& dle. Onl" a s'all secton of cable 8as reE)red to
co'$lete t+e lne1 and t+e contractors1 (e'ens Brot+ers1 s$ared no e#$ense
to 'a3e certan of s)ccess on t+e second atte'$t. 6+le1 t+erefore1 8e
'&+t fear for '" brot+er t+e )n+ealt+" cl'ate of so'e $arts of t+e coast of
BraNl1 8e +ad no an#et" as re&ards t+e $erls of t+e sea.
I bd ,. fare8ell on 6ednesda"1 !o2e'ber .nd Le2dentl" 'eann&
.?t+1 see belo8M1 *A=<. I +ad a lect)re to del2er t+at afternoon1 and I co)ld
not &o to see +' off1 and 8e $arted at t+e door of '" offce. -e 8as t+e
$ct)re of +ealt+ and stren&t+1 and 8e s$o3e c+eerf)ll" of 'eetn& a&an n a
fe8 'ont+s5 t'e1 8+en +s 8or3 s+o)ld be co'$leted. T+e ne#t 'ornn& I
+ad a lne fro' +'1 8rtten at t+e doc3s1 and on (at)rda" a +a$$" lttle
letter1 8+c+ 8as $osted b" t+e $lot 8+en +e landed at t+e Isle of 6&+t.
E2er"t+n& tended to reass)re 'e1 and I +ad no sense of '$endn&
cala't".
!e#t 6ednesda" e2enn&1 ,ece'ber .nd1 I attended a con2ersaNone at
Rn&5s Colle&e1 &2en b" (r 6. T+o'son1 Presdent of t+e (ocet" of
Tele&ra$+c En&neers1 and1 ta3n& '"self a 3een nterest n scence1 '"
'nd 8as ntensel" occ)$ed 8t+ all t+at I sa8 and +eard. 6+le e#a'nn&
t+e bea)tf)l nstr)'ents e#+bted1 I often 8s+ed t+at '" brot+er +ad been
t+ere to e#$lan t+e' to 'e1 and t+e 'an" frends t+at I 'et s$o3e to 'e of
+'. -e 8as t+)s $leasantl" n '" t+o)&+ts1 b)t '" 'nd 8as not broodn&
or concentrated on +'. On t+e contrar"1 t 8as dst)rbed b" t+e ')ltt)de
of obDects1 and onl" cas)al &lances 8ere cast to8ards ,. Rat+er e#cted1 I
8ent +o'e to '" soltar" c+a'bers1 and retred to bed s+ortl" after
'dn&+t. I 8as soon aslee$1 b)t +o8 lon& I re'aned so I 3no8 not. (o far
as recollecton &oes1 I +ad not been drea'n&1 b)t s)ddenl" I fo)nd '"self
n t+e 'dst of a brllant asse'bl"1 s)c+ as t+at I +ad recentl" left at Rn&5s
Colle&e. I stood n e2enn& dress on t+e ste$s at t+e entrance to a &reat and
cro8ded +all. I 8as loo3n& to8ards t+e &arden1 br&+tl" l&+ted 8t+ a
')ltt)de of la'$s. Ill)'nated fo)ntans 8ere $la"n& n front of 'e1 and
&ro)$s of &entle'en and lades sa)ntered )$ and do8n t+e $at+s. T+e cool
n&+t ar 8as blo8n& on '" face1 and I +ad a delco)s feeln& of $leas)re
and $eace. T8o &entle'en1 stran&ers to 'e1 stood tal3n& on t+e &ra2el a
fe8 $aces fro' 'e. I +eard t+er 2oces1 and co)ld al'ost catc+ t+er
con2ersaton. ()ddenl" '" brot+er ste$$ed o)t fro' be+nd t+e'1 and
ad2anced to8ards 'e. -e 8as n e2enn& dress1 l3e all t+e rest1 and 8as t+e
2er" 'a&e of b)o"ant +ealt+. I 8as ')c+ s)r$rsed to see +'1 and1 &on&
for8ard to 'eet +'1 I sadJ -alloZ ,.1 +o8 are "o) +ereW9 -e s+oo3 'e
8ar'l" b" t+e +and1 and re$ledJ ,d "o) not 3no8 I +a2e been 8rec3ed
a&anW9 %t t+ese 8ords a deadl" fantness ca'e o2er 'e. I see'ed to s8'
a8a" and sn3 to t+e &ro)nd. %fter 'o'entar" )nconsco)sness I a8o3e1
and fo)nd '"self n '" bed. I 8as n a cold $ers$raton1 and +ad
$aro#"s's of tre'bln&1 8+c+ 8o)ld not be controlled. I ar&)ed 8t+
'"self on t+e abs)rdt" of &ettn& nto a $anc o2er a drea'1 b)t all to no
$)r$ose1 and for lon& I co)ld not slee$. To8ards 'ornn& I a&an
sl)'bered1 and t+e fear $assed off fro' 'e. On T+)rsda"1 ,ece'ber ;rd1 I
8as to brea3fast 8t+ a frend1 at +s +otel1 before +e started for (cotland1
and I 8ent to E)ston b" t+e /etro$oltan Ral8a". T+e boo3stalls on '"
sde of t+e staton 8ere not "et o$ened1 b)t across t+e lne t+e bo"s 8ere
arran&n& t+e $a$ers1 and t+e" s$read o)t t+e $lacard of t+e *aiy
Teegraph. In lar&e letters on t 8ere t+e 8ordsJ Terrble dsaster at sea.
Loss of a stea's+$ +ii,ILJ- and s#t" l2es.9 I felt as f ced 8ater +ad been
$o)red o2er 'e1 and t+e dread of t+e n&+t before ret)rnedG b)t '" tran
&lded )$ to t+e $latfor'1 and I co)ld not &et a $a$er. T+e &entle'an ne#t
'e n t+e carra&e 8as readn& t+e *aiy Teegraph, and I loo3ed o2er +s
s+o)lder1 and sa81 )nder a sensatonal +eadn&1 t+e 8ordsJ B" t+e arr2al
n t+e T+a'es1 "esterda"1 of t+e Antenor, &c.9 b)t t+e 'oton of t+e tran
$re2ented 'e fro' readn& $ro$erl"1 and I t+o)&+t t+e sentence ranJ B" t+e
arr2al of t+e T+a'es1 ne8s of t+e Antenor, &c. &c.9 I t+erefore &at+ered
t+at t+e Antenor +ad been lost. On arr2n& at '" destnaton I &ot t+e
Times, and loo3ed t o2er fro' t+e be&nnn& to t+e end1 b)t t contaned no
'enton of t+e s+$8rec3. Later on I 8ent to '" offce and be&an '" 8or31
b)t $resentl" one of t+e 'essen&ers1 8t+ a stran&e loo3 n +s face1 ca'e to
'e and sadJ Is t tr)e1 sr1 t+at "o)r brot+er +as been lost n t+e .a &ataW9
I started )$ and ran to t+e /arne Co'$an" ne#t door1 and t+ere t+e 2er"
8orst fears 8ere confr'ed. T+e .a &ata fo)ndered n t+e Ba" of Bsca" at
abo)t noon on ()nda"1 !o2e'ber .<t+ Le2dentl" a sl$ for .@t+1 see
belo8M1 *A=<1 after ben& e#$osed for onl" a fe8 +o)rs to a terrfc &ale. !o
satsfactor" reason for t+e catastro$+e 8as e2er fort+co'n&. 6+" a 8ellC
fo)nd and $o8erf)l stea'er s+o)ld +a2e &one do8n n o$en sea1 8+en a
co''on ro8n&Cboat s+o)ld +a2e s)r22ed1 s a '"ster" 8+c+ re'ans
)nsol2ed. T+e e2ent created a &reat sensaton at t+e t'e1 and a lon& Board
of Trade nE)r" 8as +eld1 b)t t+e rddle 8as ne2er ans8ered.
I sa8 so'e of t+e s)r22ors of t+e cre81 and learned fro' t+e' abo)t
'" brot+er. %lt+o)&+ t+e 8eat+er +ad been ro)&+1 dan&er 8as not feared
)ntl ()nda" 'ornn&1 8+en 8ater be&an to r)s+ nto t+e en&neCroo'1 and
E)c3l" $)t o)t t+e fres. /" brot+er toled 8t+ t+e salors to &et stea' )$
n t+e don3e"Cen&ne on dec3 so as to 8or3 t+e $)'$s1 and +e nobl"
enco)ra&ed t+e 'en. T+s1 +o8e2er1 $ro2ed )seless1 and 8+en t+e boat
$)s+ed off fro' t+e s+$1 t+e last seen of '" brot+er 8as t+at +e 8as
+el$n& to la)nc+ t+e lfeCraft.
T+e .a &ata fo)ndered at abo)t noon on ()nda"1 !o2e'ber .@t+1 and
$ossbl" ,. $ers+ed t+en and t+ere. B)t +e 'a" $ossbl" +a2e s)r22ed for
se2eral da"s. -e 8as of stron& constt)tonG +e 8as a $o8erf)l s8''erG +e
+ad on an arCbelt1 and +e 8as besde t+e lfeCraft 8+en t+e s+$ 8ent do8n.
On ,ece'ber .nd1 t8o salors 8ere $c3ed )$ al2e. -alfC''ersed n t+e
ceCcold 8ater1 t+e" +ad cl)n& to t+e lfeCraft and drfted abo)t t+e %tlantc
for t+ree 8+ole da"s. I add t+s last note to s+o8 t+at t s D)st $ossble t+at I
+ad t+e 2son of '" brot+er near t+e 'ornn& of +s deat+1 alt+o)&+ 'ore
$robabl" +e ded t+ree da"s before.
In concl)son1 I ')st sa" t+at I s$ea3 of a 2son9 beca)se t+e 8+ole of
'" sensatons 8+le t+e scene 8as $assn& before 'e1 and s)bseE)entl"1
8ere E)te dfferent fro' t+ose t+at acco'$an" an ordnar" drea'. %lso I
can see e2er"t+n& no8 n '" 'nd as clearl" as at t+e 'o'ent 8+en I
a8o3e1 8+ereas 8t+ 'e e2en t+e 'ost 22d drea's al8a"s &rad)all" fade
a8a".
In ans8er to nE)res1 /r. Rn& sa"sJ
November *?th, *AA?.
T+e 2son of '" brot+er 8as E)te )nE)e. I ne2er before or snce +ad a
2son of a $erson 8+o' I bele2ed to be n t+e fles+1 and ne2er +ad an
e#ternal e2ent s)c+ as t+e s+$8rec3 t+)s con2e"ed to 'e. /)c+ less +a2e I
e2er +ad +ii,ILK- a 2son 8+c+ 8as falsfed b" t+e e2ent. %lso ne2er
before or snce +a2e I +ad sensatons s'lar to t+ose t+at acco'$aned t+e
2son of '" brot+er.
GEORGE RI!G.
T+e frst anno)nce'ent of t+e 8rec3 of t+e .a &ata a$$eared n t+e
*aiy Teegraph, ,ece'ber ;rd1 *A=<1 and n t+e sa'e ss)e an acco)nt
a$$ears of a con2ersaNone &2en t+e n&+t before at Rn&5s Colle&e1 (trand1
b" (r 6'. T+o'son1 Presdent of t+e (ocet" of Tele&ra$+ En&neers.
On ,ece'ber *>t+1 n t+e sa'e $a$er1 a tele&ra' s $rnted &2n& an
acco)nt of t+e resc)e of t+e boats8an and E)arter'aster of t+e .a &ata,
8+o 8ere fo)nd cln&n& to so'e 8rec3a&e b" a ,)tc+ c)tter. It s stated
t+at t+e stea'er fo)ndered on !o2e'ber .@t+1 and t+at t+ose t8o 'en cl)n&
to t+e 8rec3a&e )ntl $c3ed )$ at *> %./. on ,ece'ber .nd.
T+e .a &ata left Gra2esend for Ro 7anero on !o2e'ber .Bt+1 *A=<1
and fo)ndered n t+e Ba" of Bsca"1 as 8e learn fro' t+e /arne
,e$art'ent1 Board of Trade1 on t+e .@t+. T+e s)r22ors 8ere $c3ed )$ b"
t+e :are .och, and transferred to t+e +o'e8ardCbo)nd ss. Antenor, 8+c+
arr2ed 8t+ t+e' and t+e frst ne8s n t+e T+a'es on ,ece'ber .nd.
*3' A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .*A. T+e follo8n&
acco)nt 8as 8rtten o)t b" 'e on ,ece'ber ..nd1 *AAA1 fro' notes ta3en
d)rn& an nter2e8 8t+ /rs. ,a2es t+e sa'e da"G and 8as after8ards
re2sed and s&ned b" /rs. ,a2es.
%bo)t t8ent" "ears a&o I 8as l2n& 8t+ '" 'ot+er and brot+er at
Isln&ton. !ear )s l2ed a fa'l" 8+ose na'e s not '$ortant to t+e
narrat2e. One of t+er da)&+ters 'arred a /r. 7. 6.1 8+o 8ent to Inda.
/rs. 7. 6. contn)ed l2n& at +er fat+er5s +o)se. -er fat+er1 +o8e2er1
c+an&ed +s resdence1 and as /r. 7. 6.5s address n Inda 8as not 3no8n at
t+e t'e1 /rs. 7. 6. co)ld not nfor' +' of t+e c+an&e of address. T+e
+o)se 8+ere s+e 8as l2n& 8t+ +er fat+er 8+en +er +)sband left +o'e
$assed to a fa'l" 8+o' I 8ll call Bro8n1 8t+ 8+o' I 8as acE)anted1 as
I also 8as 8t+ /rs. 7. 6. and +er fa'l".
One e2enn& I $ad a 2st to /rs. Bro8n1 and s+e &a2e 'e an Indan
letter 8+c+ +ad arr2ed for /rs. 7. 6. at t+e +o)se no8 occ)$ed b" t+e
Bro8ns. /rs. Bro8n as3ed 'e to trans't t+s letter to /rs. 7. 6. t+ro)&+
'" brot+er1 8+o freE)entl" sa8 a brot+er of /rs. 7. 6.5s. T+ere +ad t+)s
been so'e lttle dela"1 and $er+a$s slac3ness n &ettn& t+e letter sent on to
/rs. 7. 6. I $ro'sed to &2e t to '" brot+er1 and too3 t +o'e. It 8as a
drt"Cloo3n& letter1 addressed n an )ned)cated +and8rtn&1 and of
ordnar" b)l3. I $laced t on t+e c+'ne"C$ece n o)r sttn&Croo'1 and sat
do8n alone. I e#$ected '" brot+er +o'e n an +o)r or t8o. T+e letter1 of
co)rse1 n no 8a" nterested 'e. In a 'n)te or t8o I +eard a tc3n& on t+e
c+'ne"C$ece1 and t str)c3 'e t+at an oldCfas+oned 8atc+ 8+c+ '"
'ot+er al8a"s +ad standn& n +er bedroo' ')st +a2e been bro)&+t
do8nstars. I 8ent to t+e c+'ne"C$ece1 b)t t+ere 8as no 8atc+ or cloc3
t+ere or else8+ere n t+e roo'. T+e tc3n&1 8+c+ 8as lo)d and s+ar$1
see'ed to $roceed fro' t+e letter tself. Greatl" +ii,ILL- s)r$rsed1 I
re'o2ed t+e letter and $)t t on a sdeboard1 and t+en n one or t8o ot+er
$lacesG b)t t+e tc3n& contn)ed1 $roceedn& )ndo)btedl" fro' 8+ere t+e
letter 8as eac+ t'e. %fter an +o)r or so of t+s I co)ld bear t+e t+n& no
lon&er1 and 8ent o)t and sat n t+e +all to a8at '" brot+er. 6+en +e ca'e
n I s'$l" too3 +' nto t+e sttn&Croo' and as3ed +' f +e +eard
an"t+n&. -e sad at once1 I +ear a 8atc+ or cloc3 tc3n&.9 T+ere 8as no
8atc+ or cloc31 as I +a2e sad1 n t+e roo'. -e 8ent to 8+ere t+e letter 8as
and e#cla'ed1 6+"1 t+e letter s tc3n&.9 6e t+en lstened to t to&et+er1
'o2ed t abo)t1 and satsfed o)rsel2es t+at t+e tc3n& $roceeded fro' t+e
letter1 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 $lanl" contaned not+n& b)t a s+eet of $a$er. T+e
'$resson 8+c+ t+e tc3n& 'ade 8as t+at of an )r&ent call for attenton.
/" brot+er too3 t+e letter to /rs. 7. 6. et+er t+at n&+t (t 8as 2er" late) or
ne#t 'ornn&. On o$enn& t1 s+e fo)nd t+at +er +)sband +ad s)ddenl" ded
of s)nstro3e1 and t+e letter 8as 8rtten b" so'e ser2ant or co'$anon to
nfor' +er of +s deat+. T+e tc3n& no do)bt 'ade '" brot+er and '"self
+and on t+e letter 'ore $ro'$tl" t+an 8e '&+t ot+er8se +a2e done.
I +a2e ne2er e#$erenced an" ot+er +all)cnaton of t+e senses. I once
+eard a stron& $)s+ at t+e streetCdoor at t+e 'n)te (for I loo3ed at '"
8atc+) t+at '" fat+er ded at a dstanceG b)t1 t+o)&+ I 8ent to t+e door at
once and sa8 no one1 I cannot1 of co)rse1 be s)re t+at so'e $asserCb" '&+t
not +a2e $)s+ed t+e door and &ot o)t of s&+tG for t+e +o)se 8as n a street
8t+ 'an" $assers. I +a2e also +eard tc3s before a deat+G b)t t+ese 'a"
2er" l3el" +a2e been ca)sed b" t+e deat+C8atc+ nsectG 8+c+ certanl" 8as
not t+e case 8t+ t+e tc3s 8+c+ ca'e fro' t+e letter. T+e ncdent of t+e
letter 'ade a dee$ '$resson on 'e.
((&ned) %!!% ,%VIE(.
/r. ,a2es1 brot+er to /rs. ,a2es (8+o 'arred a &entle'an of t+e
sa'e na'e)1 &2es +s nde$endent recollecton as follo8sJ
B< C-:RC- RO%,1 (O:T-G%TE RO%,1 !.1 9ebruary *;th1 *AA@.
I a' afrad '" recollecton of t+e detals after so lon& a t'e +as ela$sed
s rat+er l'ted and so'e8+at +aN"1 so t+at f '" sster +as e#$anded nto
detals1 and +er 2erson s+o)ld sl&+tl" dffer fro' 'ne1 $lease consder
t+at I bo8 to +er s)$eror 'e'or"1 and acce$t +er acco)nt as correct. T+e
'an feat)res of t+e ncdent are1 +o8e2er1 as nearl" as I can recollect1 as
follo8sJOne n&+t1 t ')st be nearl"1 f not E)te1 t+rt" "ears a&o1 I
ret)rned +o'e bet8een ten and ele2en o5cloc31 and '" sster told 'e t+at
s+e +ad bro)&+t +o'e fro' t+e +o)se of a frend of +ers a letter fro' Inda1
addressed to a /rs. 6al3er1 8+o +ad for'erl" l2ed at t+e +o)se t+e letter
8as drected to1 and ben& acE)anted 8t+ /rs. 6al3er (8+ose brot+er 8as
an nt'ate frend of 'ne)1 I 8as as3ed to be t+e bearer of t+e letter to +er. I
fo)nd t on t+e 'antels+elf1 and '" sster and '"self +eard 2er" dstnctl" a
clear tc3n& nose1 as lo)d as1 and s'lar to1 t+at of a s'all cloc31 8+c+
8e s$ent so'e t'e n tr"n& to acco)nt for1 and 8+c+ 8e co)ld so clearl"
trace to t+e 2cnt" of t+e letter t+at t see'ed to $roceed fro' t+e letter
tself1 b)t 8e co)ld fnd not+n& 8+c+ 8o)ld n an" 8a" acco)nt for 8+at
8e +eard. I del2ered t+e letter to '" frend t+e follo8n& da" to +and to +s
sster1 /rs. 6al3er1 and after8ards +eard t+at t contaned t+e ne8s of t+e
decease of +er +)sband n Inda. I a' not E)te s)re b)t al'ost so1 t+at on
+earn& t+e '"stero)s nose 8e re'ar3ed on t+e $robable contents of t+e
letter1 b)t 8e 8ere certanl" +ii,ILM- str)c3 8t+ t+e concdence of t+e
nose ben& +eard 8+lst t+e letter 8as on t+e s+elf (and a$$arentl"
$roceedn& fro' t) and dscontn)n& on ts re'o2al.
I +a2e no 'eans of f#n& t+e date1 or e2en t+e "ear1 as /rs. 6al3er and
+er brot+er +a2e bot+ been dead for so'e "ears.
L. %. ,%VIE(.
*3' B . I &2e ne#t an acco)nt of a case brefl" 'entoned b" G)rne" n
&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. B@>1 abo)t 8+c+ 8e after8ards obtaned
f)rt+er e2dence. %fter 'entonn& t8o ot+er cases n 8+c+ entres n t+e
dar" of t+e $erc$ent/r. Ca'eron Grantconfr'ed +s recollecton of
stron& '$ressons nearl" concdent 8t+ deat+s1 G)rne" contn)esJ
I +a2e st)ded n /r. Grant5s dar" t+e f)ll record of a t+rd case 8+c+
8as e2en 'ore re'ar3able t+an t+e frst1 as t ncl)ded t+e $ec)lart" t+at1
for so'e t'e after +s frst '$resson1 +e felt forcbl" '$elled to dra# t+e
f&)re of t+e $erson 8+o ded. T+e case 8as 'ade t+e 'ore str3n& to 'e
b" t+e fact t+at /r. Grant 8as so certan t+at t+e deat+ (t+e t'e of 8+c+ +e
+ad onl" 2er" 2a&)el" learnt) ')st +a2e concded n date 8t+ +s
'$resson1 t+at +e +ad act)all" not ta3en t+e tro)ble to 2erf" t+e
concdence. -e left t to 'e to fnd n t+e Times obt)ar"as +e
confdentl" foretold t+at I s+o)ldt+at t+e deat+ (8+c+ 8as E)te
)ne#$ected) occ)rred1 t+o)sands of 'les fro' t+e $lace 8+ere +e 8as1 on
t+e da" $recedn& t+at on 8+c+ t+e entr" n +s dar"1 relatn& +s
'$resson of t+e $re2o)s n&+t1 8as 8rtten. T+e '$resson of t+at n&+t
dd not1 +o8e2er1 bear dstnct reference to t+e $artc)lar $erson 8+o ded1
b)t 8as a 'ore &eneral sense of cala't". Certan reasons 8+c+ at $resent
'a3e t desrable not to $)bls+ t+e detals of t+s case 'a" n t'e cease to
e#st.
!o81 on a f)ller ns$ecton of /r. Grant5s 2ol)'no)s Do)rnal (lar&el" a
b)sness record)1 8+c+ +e +as 3ndl" $er'tted 'e to 'a3e1 t a$$eared
t+at t+e '$)lse to dra# t+e d"n& 'an 8as t+e 'ost 'ar3ed feat)re n t+e
8+ole ncdent1 and f)rt+er'ore t+at t+s '$)lse ca'e on so'e 'ont+s
after t+e deat+b)t on t+e n&+t $re2o)s to t+e da" on 8+c+ /r. Grant
sa81 n a cas)al ne8s$a$er rece2ed n BraNl1 t+e anno)nce'ent of +s
frend5s de'se n (cotland.
*
T+e $ossblt" of a tele$at+c '$)lse fro' t+e s)r22n& 'e'bers of
t+e fa'l" of co)rse s)&&ests tselfJ b)t /r. Grant 8as n a 8ld )$Cco)ntr"
staton n BraNlG and t see's '$ossble t+at an" one co)ld &)ess at 8+at
date t+e ne8s 8o)ld reac+ +'. T+e ro)&+ s3etc+ 8+c+ /r. Grant 8as
'$elled to 'a3e contaned t8o f&)res (of 8+c+ t+e second 8as a ser2ant)
and a 8ndo8G and t tr)l" re$resented1 as +e after8ards learnt1 t+e
crc)'stances of t+e deat+.
T+e case +as been f)rt+er stren&t+ened b" $er'sson to $rnt t+e
$assa&es fro' /r. Grant5s dar"1 and b" nter2e8s of '" o8n 8t+ t+e
8do8 and da)&+ter of t+e deceased $erson1 Lord V. (not t+e tr)e ntal)1
8+o 8ere $resent at t+e t'e of t+e deat+.
+ii,ILN-
T+e follo8n& s /r. Grant5s state'ent1 'ade to 'e1 7)l" .At+1 *AA@
(8+c+ I E)ote fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .*.).
T+e frst for' n 8+c+ t+s '$resson ca'e to 'e 8as t+at of dee$
s"'$at+" for La 'e'ber of Lord V.5s fa'l"M. %fter t+s +ad lasted for so'e
t'e I fo)nd '"self r)del" dra8n& a tall 'an stoo$n& for8ards on to
anot+er 'an. I +ad a con2cton t+at Lord V. 8as deadt+at t+e falln&
for8ard ndcated deat+. I also d'l" $erce2ed t+e $oston of 8ndo8s
be+nd t+e falln& f&)re1 t+o)&+ I dd not dra8 t+ese. I 8rote to '" 'ot+er
at once to sa" t+at I 3ne8 t+at Lord V. 8as dead. LLetter not $reser2ed.M I
8as t+en )$ t+e co)ntr" n BraNl1 and sa8 fe8 $a$ers. I +eard fro'
En&land t+at Lord V. 8as deadG b)t (as I told /r. G)rne") dd not loo3 for
date n $a$ers1 and dd not1 so far as I 3no81 +ear t+e date n an" letter.
On reac+n& En&land I 8as $artall" +"$notsed b" a $+"scan of '"
acE)antance Lna'e &2enMG b)t dd not lose consco)sness. ,)rn& '"
se'Ctrance I beca'e a8are t+at I 8as seen& t+e roo' and 8ndo8s and
t+e falln& f&)re 'ore clearl" t+an e2er before. I tal3ed of t+s scene to t+e
$+"scan. %fter8ards +e n2ted 'e to loo3 n a cr"stal. I dd soG and sa8
t+e sa'e roo'1 t+e 8ndo8s1 bed1 and f&)re1 'ore dstnctl".
I after8ards 8ent to sta" n t+e +o)se 8+ere Lord V. ded. %s soon as I
entered I as3ed Lad" V. to allo8 'e to descrbe to +er t+e roo' 8+ere I +ad
see'ed to see Lord V. d"n&. Lad" V. 8as at frst ncred)lo)sG b)t on '"
descrbn& t+e $oston of bed and 8ndo8s s+e ad'tted t+at t 8as correct.
Lord V. +ad ded n a dressn&Croo' adDacent to +s bedroo'. T+e
te'$orar" bed and 8ndo8s 8ere e#actl" as I +ad seen t+e'. -e +ad fallen
for8ards nto t+e ar's of a 'ale attendant1 d"n& s)ddenl".
T+e frst '$resson of t+e deat+1 8+c+ 8as nearl" coincident, 8as on
,ece'ber .<t+1 *AA? (date 2erfed b" /r. G)rne"). Entr" n dar"
,ece'ber .?t+1 *AA?J T+ere 8as so'et+n& )$on '" 'nd all da" fro'
"esterda"a sense of a deat+ or loss of so'e one dear to 'e. I s$o3e to
E.C. L/r. Catln1 t+e 'ana&er1 8+o 8rote n corroboratonM abo)t tG and I
don5t 3no8 +o8 t s1 b)t as I 8rote t+e abo2e La 'e'ber of Lord V.5s
fa'l"M +as been constantl" n '" t+o)&+ts.9
T+en on T)esda"1 7an)ar" .Bt+1 *AAB1 s an entr"read b" 'e n /r.
Grant5s Do)rnal1 and co$ed for 'e b" +'as follo8sJ
I'$resson at abo)t one o5cloc3 and dra8n& and reasonn& t+erefro'
on deat+.9
1anuary HMth.Ver" tred1 b)t dd not slee$ a 8n3 all n&+t. I a' s)re
t+at so'et+n& +as +a$$ened to La 'e'ber of Lord V.5s fa'l"M. I +eard
e2er" +o)r str3e1 and 3e$t t+n3n& of Lall t+e 'e'bers of t+e fa'l"M b)t
not of t+e dear old &entle'an Li.e., 'a&nn& them n sorro81 b)t not Lord
V. +'selfM. I &ot )$ and 8anted to dra8 +'. -s feat)res see'ed before
'e. I +ad before s+o8n /r. Catln a face n t+e :raphic t+at 8as l3e +'1
also t+at of a dead 'an. I +ad t+e &reatest dffc)lt" not to dra8 +s $ortrat
8t+ +s +ead for8ard and s)n3 on +s breast1 as f +e +ad been sttn& n a
roo' 8t+ a 8ndo8 on +s r&+t +and and an old 'anCser2antG and t+en +s
+ead D)st 8ent for8ard1 and +e fell aslee$. 6ee3s a&o Li.e., ,ece'ber .?t+M
I t+o)&+t of +'so'e t'e abo)t C+rst'asG and e2er snce I +a2e been
feeln& L$t"1 &c.1 for 'e'bers of fa'l"M.9
+ii,ILO-
On t+e ne#t da"1 T+)rsda"1 7an)ar" .At+1 *AAB1 /r. Grant rece2ed b"
accdent a (cotc+ $a$er n 8+c+ Lord V.5s deat+ 8as 'entoned1 b)t
a$$arentl" 8t+o)t t+e $recse date.
I +a2e rece2ed a letter (8+c+ I +a2e )nfort)natel" 'slad) fro' /r.
Catln corroboratn& /r. Grant5s state'ents as to +s +a2n& s+o8n +'
dra8n&s and s$o3en of t+e deat+ of a frend at +o'e.
Lad" V. and /ss V. &a2e 'e n %$rl *A@. t+e follo8n& corroboratonJ

Lord V. ded ,ece'ber .<t+1 *AA?1 n a dressn&Croo' adDonn& +s

o8n lar&er roo'. T+e dressn&Croo' 8as narro81 8t+ a 8ndo8 at one
end1 and a s'all bed1 t+en occ)$ed b" a 'anCser2ant 8+o attended on +'.
Lord V. +ad entered t+s roo' to s$ea3 to t+e ser2ant1 8+en +e fell for8ard1
t+e ser2ant catc+n& +' n +s ar's1 and s+ortl" after8ards breat+ed +s
last. -s deat+ 8as )ne#$ected1 alt+o)&+ +e +ad lon& been ll. I re'e'ber
t+at /r. Ca'eron Grant 2sted o)r co)ntr" seat8+ere t+s occ)rredfor
t+e frst t'e so'e 'ont+s after Lord V.5s deat+G and t+at +e sad so'et+n&
to 'e as to +s +a2n& 3no8n of t1 or reco&nsed t+e sceneG b)t I cannot
no8 re'e'ber t+e detals.
((&ned) LLad" V.M
I re'e'ber t+at /r. Ca'eron Grant1 before &on& )$stars1 8+en +e
arr2ed on t+e 2st referred to1 as3ed 8+et+er '" fat+er +ad not fallen
for8ards nto t+e ar's of a 'an n a lon& roo' 8t+ a 8ndo8 at one end of
t.
((&ned) L/ss V.M
T+s case s+o)ld be st)ded alon& 8t+ /r. Ca'eron Grant5s ot+er
records of e#$erences (&hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $$. BAAKB@>).
It 8o)ld n a certan 8a" e#$lan t+ese nt'atons f 8e co)ld s)$$ose
t+at Lord V. (8+o 8as1 and 8+o 3ne8 /r. Grant to be1 ')c+ nterested n
s)c+ $+eno'ena) frst '$ressed /r. Grant at t+e t'e of +s o8n deat+1
and t+en rene8ed t+e '$resson 8+en +e 3ne81 n so'e nconce2able
'anner1 t+at /r. Grant 8as abo)t to rece2e1 E)te cas)all"1 a ne8s$a$er
anno)nce'ent of t+e decease. On t+at occason t+e deceased $erson see's
to +a2e been able to '$ress a $ct)re of t+e scene of deat+ on /r. Grant5s
s)bl'nal 'ndG an '$resson 8+c+ 8or3ed tself o)t n t+e r)de
dra8n&s1 as a 'otor 'essa&e1 and after8ards ret)rned bot+ as a 2son n
+"$notc trance1 and as a cr"stalC2son n t+e 8a3n& state. -ere1 +o8e2er1
as n all s'lar cases1 8e cannot e#cl)de t+e $ossblt" of a 8de
clar2o"ance on t+e $erc$ent5s o8n $art.
*3' C . 4ro' t+e Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;=;. In t+e follo8n& case t+e +all)cnaton
occ)rred s+ortl" after t+e deat+1$er+a$s 8t+n t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs of t1
and t+e a$$arton ndcated lea2eCta3n&. It s an nterestn& e#a'$le (t+e
onl" one n t+e Cens)s) of a primF $acie 2erdcal +all)cnaton concdn&
8t+ t+e arr2al of a letter bearn& on t+e s)bDect. %not+er re'ar3able
feat)re n t+e case s t+e $ersstent re$etton of t+e $erce$t. T+e acco)nt
8as 8rtten b" /ss E.L./. n *AA@.
On t+e 'ornn& of 7an)ar" *<t+1 *A=B1 I 8as n t+e B. sc+oolroo'1 a
s'all +ii,IMP- 2lla&e near to %. n -ants1 8+en I sa8 8+at a$$eared to 'e
to be a fa2o)rte co)sn. (+e 8as close besde 'e1 and a$$eared n &ood
+ealt+1 as I +ad e2er" reason to s)$$ose +er to be. I s+o)ld +ere e#$lan t+at
I +eld n '" +and a letter 8+c+ +ad D)st been bro)&+t to 'e1 and #hich (
had not yet opened, telln& 'e t+at '" co)sn 8as sero)sl" ll 8t+ scarlet
fe2er. T+e fact 8as t+at at t+e t'e s+e 8as act)all" dead1 +er deat+ +a2n&
occ)rred after t+e $ostn& of t+e letter. I 8as 8atn& for c+ldren to
asse'ble n sc+ool1 and 8as n &ood +ealt+ and n no &ref or an#et". I
3ne8 ''edatel" t+at t 8as '" co)sn 8+o' I sa81 and bele2ed +er to be
at t+e t'e at +er o8n +o'e. I co)ld not )nderstand 8+at s+e 'eant b"
sa"n& GoodCb"e19 8+c+ I cannot sa" I +eard1 b)t sa# b" t+e 'o2e'ent
of +er l$s.
T+e 2lla&e c+ldren and '" sster L8ere $resentM. T+e for'er I +a2e no
reason to t+n3 sa8 an"t+n&1 and '" sster onl" la)&+ed at 'e. I contn)ed
to see +er all da"1 and 8+en ndoors '" sster 8o)ld $ersst n str)''n&
on t+e $ano1 alt+o)&+ I re'onstrated 8t+ +er1-o8 can "o) 3ee$ on
8t+ t+at nose 8+en 7esse s deadW9 I rece2ed a letter t+e ne#t 'ornn&
nfor'n& 'e t+at s+e 8as dead1 after 8+c+ I sa8 +er onl" at nter2als t+at
da" and $art of t+e ne#t1 8+en t+e a$$earances ceased.
/ss /1 +ad +ad $re2o)sl" anot+er 2erdcal e#$erence1 descrbed n
t+e Re$ort19 relatn& to t+e deat+ of an a)nt.
/ss /.5s sster 8rtesJ
November @th, *AA@.
I dstnctl" re'e'ber t+e crc)'stances res$ectn& '" co)sn 7esse. %ll
one da" '" sster 8as telln& 'e s+e sa8 +er1 and t+at s+e 3ne8 s+e 8as
dead1 and 8e +ad a letter ne#t 'ornn& 8t+ t+e ne8s1 so t+at 8e 3ne8
be$ore t+e letter arr2ed.
I +a2e as3ed '" 'ot+er abo)t t1 and s+e re'e'bers '" sster telln&
+er at the time.
*39 A . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *=?. T+e follo8n& s a case
8+c+ 8as noted at t+e t'e1 before t 8as 3no8n to be 2erdcal. It occ)rred
to t+e Re2. E. R. Ellott1 Rector of 6ort+n&1 8+o 8as for'erl" n t+e na2"1
and 8+o 'ade t+e entr" n +s dar" as E)oted 8+en +e 8as cr)sn& n t+e
%tlantc o)t of reac+ of $ost or tele&ra$+. T+e dar" 8as stll n +s
$ossesson 8+en 8e rece2ed t+e acco)nt1 n %)&)st *A@?.
80tract $rom diary #ritten out in Atantic, 1anuary *<t+1 *A<=J
,rea't last n&+t I rece2ed a letter fro' '" )ncle1 -.E.1 dated 7an)ar"
;rd1 n 8+c+ ne8s of '" dear brot+er5s deat+ 8as &2en. It &reatl" str)c3
'e.9
/" brot+er +ad been ll n (8tNerland1 b)t t+e last ne8s I rece2ed on
lea2n& En&land 8as t+at +e 8as better.
T+e 7an)ar" ;rd9 8as 2er" blac31 as f ntended to catc+ '" e"e.
On '" ret)rn to En&land I fo)nd1 as I E)te e#$ected1 a letter a8atn&
'e sa"n& '" brot+er +ad ded on t+e abo2e date.
E. R. ELLIOTT.
6ORT-I!G.
+ii,IMG-
*39 B . In t+e ne#t case1 8+c+ I E)ote fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$. <>@1 t+e a$$arton 8as seen se2eral 8ee3s after t+e deat+. T+e acco)nt
ca'e fro' /rs. Clar31 A (o)t+ Ve81 4orest -all1 !e8castleConCT"ne.
1anuary Bth, *AA?.
I send "o) a s+ort acco)nt1 descrbn& 8+at I e#$erenced at t+e t'e of
t+e a$$arton of '" frend1 8+o 8as a "o)n& &entle'an ')c+ attac+ed to
'"self1 and 8+o 8o)ld 8lln&l" (+ad I lo2ed +' 8ell eno)&+) +a2e 'ade
'e +s 8fe. I beca'e en&a&ed to be 'arred1 and dd not see '" frend
(/r. %3+)rst) for so'e 'ont+s1 )ntl 8t+n a 8ee3 of '" 'arra&e (7)ne
*A=A)1 8+en n t+e $resence of '" +)sband +e 8s+ed 'e e2er" +a$$ness1
and re&retted +e +ad not been able to 8n 'e.
T'e $assed on. I +ad been 'arred abo)t t8o "ears and +ad ne2er seen
/r. %3+)rst1 8+en one da" '" +)sband told 'e +e (/r. %3+)rst) 8as n
!e8castle and 8as co'n& to s)$$er and 8as &on& to sta" t+e n&+t. 6+en
'" +)sband and +e 8ere tal3n&1 +e sad '" +)sband +ad been t+e 'ore
fort)nate of t+e t8o1 b)t +e added f an"t+n& +a$$ened to '" +)sband +e
co)ld lea2e +s 'one" to 8+o' +e l3ed and +s 8do8 to +'1 and +e
8o)ld be E)te content. I 'enton t+s to s+o8 +e 8as stll nterested n 'e.
T+ree 'ont+s $assed and bab" 8as born. 6+en s+e 8as abo)t a 8ee3
old1 2er" earl" one 'ornn& I 8as feedn& +er1 8+en I felt a cold 8aft of ar
t+ro)&+ t+e roo' and a feeln& as t+o)&+ so'e one to)c+ed '" s+o)lderG
'" +ar see'ed to brstle all o2er '" +ead and I s+)ddered. Rasn& '"
e"es to t+e door (8+c+ faced 'e)1 I sa8 %3+)rst standn& n +s s+rt and
tro)sers loo3n& at 'e1 8+en +e see'ed to $ass t+ro)&+ t+e door. In t+e
'ornn& I 'entoned t to '" +)sband. I dd not +ear of /r. %3+)rst5s deat+
for so'e 8ee3s after1 8+en I fo)nd t corres$onded 8t+ t+at of t+e
a$$arton1 and t+o)&+ '" fat+er 3ne8 of t before1 +e t+o)&+t n '" 8ea3
state of +ealt+ t 8ere better I s+o)ld not be told.
-e 8as fo)nd l"n& on t+e bed 8t+ +s s+rt and tro)sers on1 D)st as +e
+ad t+ro8n +'self do8n after ta3n& a slee$n& dra)&+t.
*
I '"self a' E)te con2nced t+at /r. %3+)rst5s t+o)&+ts +ad been so
concentrated )$on 'e1 before t+e dra)&+t $ro2ed fatal1 t+at +s s$rt 2sted
'e on ts 8a" to t+at &loro)s land 8+ere t s+all d8ell n t+e $resence of
-' 8+o sad1 Co'e )nto /e all "e t+at labo)r and are +ea2" laden1 and I
8ll &2e "o) rest.9
To 'e t+e 'e'or" of /r. %3+)rst 8ll al8a"s be as of a dear brot+er
&reatl" estee'ed and dee$l" re&retted.
E/ILY CL%RR.
/rs. Clar3 adds laterJ
2ay *;th, *AA?.
/" +)sband 8ll certf" as to '" 'entonn& to +' seen& t+e
a$$arton before I +eard of /r. %3+)rst5s deat+1 b)t I a' sorr" I cannot tell
"o) 8+ere t +a$$ened1 nor t+e e#act date of t+e deat+1 b)t I re'e'ber
8+en 8e +eard abo)t t '" +)sband and I traced t to abo)t t+e t'e of '"
2son.9Y
1uy .;rd, *AA?.
I ne2er e#$erenced an"t+n& of t+e 3nd before. I t+n3 /r. %3+)rst5s
deat+ +a$$ened so'e8+ere n Yor3s+re. 6+at 'a3es 'e t+n3 t+e t'e
+ii,IMH- corres$onded 8t+ +s deat+1 8as1 '" as3n& +o8 lon& a&o t 8as
fro' '" +earn& of +s deat+1 and t+e act)al occ)rrenceG and t+en 3no8n&
t+e t'e of '" lttle &rl5s brt+1 I ca'e to t+e concl)son t 8as abo)t t+e
sa'e t'e. I t+n3 t+s s all t+e nfor'aton I can &2e "o). I s+all as3 '"
+)sband to send "o) a fe8 lnes to'orro8.
/r. Ed8ard Clar31 solctor1 Co)nt" C+a'bers1 !e8castleConCT"ne1
8rtesJ
1uy .<th, *AA?.
%t t+e reE)est of '" 8fe1 /rs. Clar31 of @ (o)t+ Ve81 4orest -all1 I
be& to nfor' "o) of '" 3no8led&e of t+e s)$$osed a$$arton of /r.
%3+)rst. (+ortl" after '" 8fe +ad been confned of '" second da)&+ter1
abo)t t+e end of (e$te'ber1 *AA>1 '" 8fe one 'ornn& nfor'ed 'e s+e
+ad seen %3+)rst abo)t one o5cloc3 t+at 'ornn&. I of co)rse told +er t 8as
nonsense1 b)t s+e $erssted1 and sad +e a$$eared to +er 8t+ onl" +s
tro)sers and a s+rt on1 and t+e re'ar3 s+e 'ade 8as t+at +e 8as dressed
D)st as s+e +ad seen +' n t+e Corsican )rothers (+e 8as an actor). (+e
also descrbed +er feeln&s at t+e t'e. I tred to $ers)ade +er t 8as a
drea'1 b)t s+e nssted t+at t 8as an a$$arton.
%s near as I can re'e'ber1 abo)t s# 'ont+s after1 I 'et a ')t)al frend
of %3+)rst5s and '" o8n1 and n con2ersaton I nE)red after %3+)rst. -e
sad1 ,on5t "o) 3no8 +e s deadW9 I sad1 !o1 8+en dd +e deW9 -e sad1
I don5t 3no8 t+e e#act date1 b)t t 8as abo)t s# 'ont+s a&oG9 and f)rt+er
nfor'ed 'e t+at +e ded abo)t one o5cloc3 n t+e 'ornn& n t+e dress as
'" 8fe descrbed +'1 fro' an o2erdose of c+loral. I +a2e endea2o)red to
see '" frend to fnd o)t t+e $lace (Bradford1 I t+n3)1 b)t +e s no8 n
%'erca. -s na'e s 7o+n Bro8n1 and +e s t+e son of t+e leaderC8rter to
t+e Chronice +ere. If I 'eet +' a&an I 8ll tr" to &et acc)rate $artc)lars
and for8ard t+e' to "o).
August .*st, *AA?.
Y/" 8fe +as1 I fnd1 no reason to t+n3 s+e +as been 'sta3en as to t+e
t'e 8+en s+e s)$$osed s+e sa8 6. 7. %3+)rst1 as t+e date s f#ed b" t+e
brt+ of '" second lttle &rl1 8+c+ too3 $lace n (e$te'ber *AA>.
In t+e 8ra Amanac for *AA*1 t+e obt)ar" for *AA>1 $. @;1 &2es t+e
entr"1 %3+)rst1 6alter 7a'es1 actor1 a&ed t8ent"Cfo)r1 7)l" *.t+.9
T+e 8ra ne8s$a$er of 7)l" *At+1 *AA>1 &2es an acco)nt of t+e nE)est.
/r. -. 6. %3+)rst &a2e e2dence to t+e effect t+at +e and +s deceased
brot+er 8ent to t+e c+e'st5s on (at)rda" (i.e. *>t+)1 and $roc)red a
slee$n& dra)&+t. ,eceased co'$laned of $ans n +s bod" and of feeln&
lonel". T+e ne#t da" (()nda") +e onl" &ot )$ to +a2e +s bed 'adeG
/onda" +e ded. 6. -. Co$e1 s)r&eon1 attrb)ted deat+ to s)ffocaton
ca)sed b" +eart dsease. T+e 2erdct ret)rned 8as ,eat+ fro' nat)ral
ca)ses.9
*39 C . T+e ne#t case1 8+c+ I E)ote fro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol.
. $. <<<1 8as rece2ed to8ards t+e end of *AA. fro' /r. 7. G. Re)le'ans1
8+o +as alread" been 'entoned n ''( A .
In ,ece'ber *AA> /r. Re)le'ans 8as l2n&1 +e tells )s1 8t+ +s
fa'l" n Pars. T+e o)tbrea3 of an e$de'c of s'allC$o# ca)sed +' to +ii,
IMI- re'o2e t+ree of +s c+ldren1 ncl)dn& a fa2o)rte lttle bo" of f2e1 to
London1 8+ence +e rece2ed1 n t+e co)rse of t+e ens)n& 'ont+1 se2eral
letters &2n& an e#cellent acco)nt of t+er +ealt+.
On t+e .<t+ of 7an)ar" *AA*1 at +alfC$ast se2en n t+e 'ornn&1 I 8as
s)ddenl" a8o3e b" +earn& +s 2oce1 as I fanced1 2er" near 'e. I sa8 a
br&+t1 o$aE)e1 8+te 'ass before '" e"es1 and n t+e centre of t+s l&+t I
sa8 t+e face of '" lttle darln&1 +s e"es br&+t1 +s 'o)t+ s'ln&. T+e
a$$arton1 acco'$aned b" t+e so)nd of +s 2oce1 8as too s+ort and too
s)dden to be called a drea'J t 8as too clear1 too decded1 to be called an
effect of 'a&naton. (o dstnctl" dd I +ear +s 2oce t+at I loo3ed ro)nd
t+e roo' to see 8+et+er +e 8as act)all" t+ere. T+e so)nd I +eard 8as t+at of
e#tre'e del&+t1 s)c+ as onl" a +a$$" c+ld can )tter. I t+o)&+t t 8as t+e
'o'ent +e 8o3e )$ n London1 +a$$" and t+n3n& of 'e. I sad to '"self1
T+an3 God1 lttle Isdore s +a$$" as al8a"s.9
/r. Re)le'ans descrbes t+e ens)n& da" as one of $ec)lar br&+tness
and c+eerf)lness. -e too3 a lon& 8al3 8t+ a frend1 8t+ 8+o' +e dnedG
and 8as after8ards $la"n& a &a'e of bllards1 8+en +e a&an sa8 t+e
a$$arton of +s c+ld. T+s 'ade +' sero)sl" )neas"1 and n s$te of
+a2n& rece2ed 8t+n t+ree da"s t+e ass)rance of t+e c+ld5s $erfect +ealt+1
+e e#$ressed to +s 8fe a con2cton t+at +e 8as dead. !e#t da" a letter
arr2ed sa"n& t+at t+e c+ld 8as llG b)t t+e fat+er 8as con2nced t+at t+s
8as onl" an atte'$t to brea3 t+e ne8sG and1 n fact1 t+e c+ld +ad ded1 after
a fe8 +o)rs5 llness1 at t+e e#act t'e of t+e frst a$$arton.
/rs. Re)le'ans sa"sJ
2ay .@th, *AA?.
I re'e'ber t+at1 t+e da" 8+en lttle Isdore ded1 '" +)sband sad t+at
+e felt stron&l" '$ressed t+at t+ere 8as so'et+n& 8ron& 8t+ t+e lttle
bo" n London. It 8as n t+e e2enn& t+at +e as3ed 'e 8+et+er I +ad
rece2ed an" ne8s fro' '" 'ot+er abo)t Isdore. I re$led t+at no letter +ad
co'e1 and as3ed +' 8+" +e 8anted to 3no8. -e 'ade t+e sa'e re'ar3 as
before1 b)t 8o)ld not f)rt+er e#$lan +'self. I tred to ds$el +s &loo'"
forebodn&s b" referrn& to a letter 8e +ad fro' '" 'ot+er1 statn& t+at
Isdore 8as 2er" +a$$"1 and 8as sn&n& all da" lon&. /" +)sband dd not
see' $acfed. 6+en t+e letter 'entonn& +s llness ca'e1 '" +)sband
8as 2er" ')c+ deDected1 and told 'e t+at t 8as no )se tr"n& to 'a3e a
secret of t1 as +e 3ne8 t+e 8orst +ad +a$$ened. -e sad after8ards t+at +e
+ad seen a 2son.
%. RE:LE/%!(.
*+0 A . T+e follo8n& case s $rnted n f)ll n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $. BA (/a" *AA@). I &2e an abstract onl" of t +ere. T+e narrat2e co'es
fro' a lad" 3no8n to 'e. /ss 6. be&ns b" descrbn& t+e deat+ of +er
fat+er on !o2e'ber *Bt+1 *AB.1 at abo)t 'dn&+t1 n t+e $resence of +s
fa'l". (+e sa"sJ
T+e fre (8+c+ faced t+e foot of t+e bed) &a2e a stead" and s)bd)ed
l&+t1 and t+ere 8as onl" one l&+ted candle n t+e roo'. L% fe8 'n)tes
after +ii,IMJ- +e ded1M 8+le 8e 8ere loo3n& on1 scarcel" realsn& 8+at
+ad occ)rred1 s)ddenl" I and '" "o)n&est brot+er s')ltaneo)sl"
8+s$ered1 Loo3Z9 and 8e bot+ be+eld dstnctl" a 2a$oro)s l)'nost"
E)2ern& n a crcle o2er '" fat+er5s +ead. It 8as as f t+e breat+ tself +ad
beco'e radant and +o2ered o2er t+e $rostrate for'Y!one of t+e ot+ers
sa8 tY % n&+t or t8o after I 8as l"n& a8a3e1 8+en all at once I sa8
abo2e 'e a l&+t1 s'lar to t+e one D)st descrbed1 onl" lar&er and br&+ter.
LItM dd not last 'ore t+an a bref 'n)te1 and t+en 2ans+ed as s)ddenl" as t
a$$eared. I sat )$ n bed and tred to dsco2er so'e ratonal ca)se for t1 b)t
co)ld not. L,etals are &2en1 s+o8n& t+at t+e l&+t 8as al'ost certanl"
+all)cnator".M
/ss 6.5s brot+er and sster s&ned a corroborator" note1 statn& t+at
t+e" 8ell re'e'bered t+e 'enton of t+e ncdents at t+e t'e of t+er
occ)rrence.
T+s '$resson +as a certan analo&" 8t+ t+at of ,r. 6ltse n *13 A1
It cannot1 of co)rse1 be 'antaned t+at an e#$erence occ)rrn& )nder s)c+
crc)'stances1 n s$te of ts collect2e nat)re1 +as an" e2dental forceG b)t
t+o)&+ not e2dental1 t 'a" "et re$resent a realt"1 clot+ed n a s"'bols'
8+c+ s ob2o)sl" der2ed fro' tradton.
*+1 A . 4ro' t+e &roceedings of t+e %'ercan (ocet" for Ps"c+cal
Researc+1 2ol. . $. <<B. T+s s a case of t8o a$$arentl" s"nc+rono)s
2sons of consolaton9 re$resentn& t+e sa'e deceased $erson. T+e
$erc$ents 8ere t+e 'ot+er and +)sband of a lad" 8+o +ad been dead f2e
'ont+s. (+e ded n ,ece'ber1 *A=@1 and t+e ncdents occ)rred abo)t t+e
end of %$rl *AA>. /rs. Crans1 t+e 'ot+er1 8as t+en resdn& n !e8 Yor31
and +er sonCnCla81 /r. C. %. Rernoc+an1 n Central Ct"1 ,a3ota. /rs.
Crans 8rtes to ,r. -od&son as follo8sJ
;<? 6E(T ;<T- (TREET1 !E6 YORR1 1uy *<th, *AAA.
Y%fter l"n& do8n to rest1 I re'e'ber feeln& a drftn& sensaton1 of
see'n& al'ost as f I 8as &on& o)t of t+e bod". /" e"es 8ere closedG
soon I realsed t+at I 8as1 or see'ed to be1 &on& fast so'e8+ere. %ll
see'ed dar3 to 'eG s)ddenl" I realsed t+at I 8as n a roo'G t+en I sa8
C+arle" l"n& n a bed aslee$G t+en I too3 a loo3 at t+e f)rnt)re of t+e roo'1
and dstnctl" sa8 e2er" artclee2en to a c+ar at t+e +ead of t+e bed1
8+c+ +ad one of t+e $eces bro3en n t+e bac3.Y In a 'o'ent t+e door
o$ened and '" s$rtCda)&+ter %lle ca'e nto t+e roo' and ste$$ed )$ to
t+e bed and stoo$ed do8n and 3ssed C+arle". -e see'ed to at once realse
+er $resence1 and tred to +old +er1 b)t s+e $assed r&+t o)t of t+e roo'
abo)t l3e a feat+er blo8n b" t+e 8ndG and t+en1 after a 'o'ent1 s+e ca'e
bac3 a&an Lse2eral f)rt+er ncdents are +ere descrbedM. T+en I t+o)&+t I
8o)ld o$en '" e"es1 and 8t+ dffc)lt" I &ot '" e"es o$en. T+e" see'ed
so +ea2" to 'e1 b)t 8+en I s)cceeded n o$enn& t+e' I rece2ed a s)dden
s+oc31 s)c+ as f I +ad fallen fro' t+e celn& to t+e floor. It fr&+tened and
8o3e )$ bot+ /rs. B. and '" da)&+ter Lb)t /rs. B. +as been lost s&+t of1
and t+e da)&+ter 8as a c+ld at t+e t'eM1 8+o as3ed 8+at 8as t+e 'atter.
Of co)rse I told t+e' '" e#$erence1 and t+e follo8n& ()nda" I 8rote1 as
8as al8a"s '" c)sto'1 to '" sonCnCla81 C+arle"1 telln& +' of all '"
e#$erence1 descrbn& t+e roo' as I sa8 t f)rns+ed.
+ii,IMK-
It too3 a letter s# da"s to &o fro' +ere to ,a3ota1 and t+e sa'e len&t+
of t'e1 of co)rse1 to co'e fro' t+ere +ereG and at t+e end of s# da"s D)d&e
of '" s)r$rse to rece2e a letter fro' C+arle" telln& 'e t+)sJ O+1 '"
darln& 'a''a CransZ /" GodZ I drea'ed I sa8 %lle last 4rda" n&+tZ9
-e t+en descrbed D)st as I sa8 +erG +o8 s+e ca'e nto t+e roo' and +e
cred and tred to +old +er1 b)t s+e 2ans+ed L8t+ ot+er detals1 s'lar to
t+ose of /rs. Crans5 drea'M. T+en at t+e end of s# da"s1 8+en '" letter
reac+ed +'1 and +e read of '" s'lar e#$erence1 +e at once 8rote 'e t+at
all I +ad seen 8as correct1 e2en to e2er" artcle of f)rnt)re n t+e roo'1 also
as +s drea' +ad a$$eared to +'.Y
/R(. !. 7. CR%!(.
T+e letters referred to1 8+c+ 8ere 8rtten at t+e t'e of t+e e#$erences1
+ad )nfort)natel" not been $reser2edG b)t /r. Rernoc+an 8rote to ,r.
-od&son as follo8sJ
!E6 YORR1 1uy <th, *AAA.
T+e facts 8rtten "o) t+s da" b" /rs. !. 7. Crans n re&ard to a letter
8rtten to 'e one ()nda" 'ornn& n t+e "ear *AA>. and one 8rtten b" 'e
on t+e sa'e date to +er1 are correct n e2er" $artc)lar. I 8as t+en l2n& n
Central Ct"1 ,a3ota1 boardn& at t+e %'ercan +o)se. It s '$ossble to
&2e t+e e#act date1 as I +a2e destro"ed t+e letter1 for 8+c+ I re&ret. I t+n3
t 8as abo)t t+e last of %$rl *AA>.Y
C. %. RER!OC-%!.
*+( A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <;=. T+e acco)nt s &2en
b" /rs. 7)dd.
August Bth, *AA?.
/" &rand'ot+er 8as a tall1 statel"1 and +andso'e 8o'an1 e2en at an
ad2anced a&e. (+e 8as one of t+e Gastrells1 an old and arstocratc fa'l".
-er latter "ears 8ere s$ent 8t+ '" 'ot+er (+er da)&+ter)1 and n +er
e&+t"Cfo)rt+ "ear s+e ded. (+e +ad s)ffered lon&G s+e +ad attaned a &reat
a&eG t+erefore1 t+o)&+ 8e 'ssed +er1 o)r &ref 8as not of t+at $o&nant and
e#cess2e 3nd 8+c+ $rod)ces +all)cnaton.
/" sster and '"self +ad al8a"s sle$t n a roo' adDonn& +ers1 and
for 8ant of s$ace n +er a$art'entt+ere stood b" o)r bedsde a lar&e oldC
fas+oned cloc31 8+c+ +ad been $resented to o)r &rand'ot+er on +er
8eddn&Cda". /ore $reco)s t+an &old 8as t+s old cloc3 to +er +eartG b"
t19 s+e often sad1 +a2e I +)ndreds of t'es 8atc+ed t+e slo8 +o)rs $ass n
'" earl" 'arred da"s 8+en '" +)sband +ad to lea2e 'eG b" t +a2e I t'ed
t+e c+ldren5s ret)rn fro' sc+ool9 and s+e be&&ed )s1 +er &randc+ldren1 to
lea2e o)r bedroo' door )nloc3ed at n&+t t+at s+e '&+t cons)lt t+e old
cloc3 8+en s+e rose eac+ 'ornn&. 6e +a2e often o$ened o)r slee$" e"es at
fo)r on a s)''er 'ornn& and s'led to see t+e statel" f&)re alread" t+ere.
4or )$ to t+e last llness s+e retaned t+e +abts of +er "o)t+1 and rose at
8+at 8e dee'ed fearf)ll" $r't2e +o)rs.
%bo)t t+ree 8ee3s after +er deat+ I a8o3e one 'ornn& n October1 and
sa8 dstnctl" t+e 8ellC3no8n tall f&)re1 t+e cal' old face1 t+e lar&e dar3
e"es )$lfted as )s)al to t+e face of t+e old cloc3. I closed '" e"es for so'e
seconds1 and t+en slo8l" reo$ened t+e'. (+e stood t+ere stll. % second
t'e I closed '" e"es1 a second t'e o$ened t+e'. (+e 8as &one.
I 8as loo3ed )$on b" '" fa'l" n t+ose da"s1 and $artc)larl" b" t+e
sster 8+o s+ared '" roo'1 as ro'antc. T+erefore I caref)ll" 3e$t to
'"self t+e 2son of t+e 'ornn& and $ondered o2er t alone.
+ii,IML-
%t n&+t1 +o8e2er1 8+en 8e 8ere once 'ore $re$arn& for rest1 '"
sster '" e'nentl" $ractcal and )nro'antc ssters$o3e to 'e. I
cannot &o to bed 8t+o)t telln& "o) so'et+n&1 onl" don5t la)&+1 for I a'
reall" fr&+tenedG I sa8 &rand'a''a t+s 'ornn&Z9 I 8as a'aNed. I
nE)red of +er t+e +o)r1 8+at t+e 2son 8as l3e1 8+ere t stood1 8+at t
8as don&1 &c.1 and I fo)nd t+at n e2er" res$ect +er e#$erence 8as s'lar
to 'ne. (+e +ad $reser2ed slence all da" for fear of rdc)le.
I 'a" add t+at 8e e2en no8 s$ea3 of t+s ncdent 8t+ a8e1 t+o)&+
t8ent" lon& "ears +a2e snce $assed o2er o)r +eads1 and 8e n2arabl" end
b" sa"n&1 eac+ of )s1 It 8as 2er" stran&eG t s '$ossble to )nderstand
t.9
C%ROLI!E 7:,,.
In re$l" to o)r reE)est for an acco)nt of t+e ncdent fro' t+e ot+er
$erc$ent1 /rs. 7)dd 8roteJ
=. :PPER GLO:CE(TER PL%CE1 ,OR(ET (X:%RE.
I send "o) +ere8t+ all t+at '" sster1 /rs. ,ear1 recalls of t+e 2son1
do)bl" seen1 of o)r late &rand'ot+er. (+e obDects to t+e 8earness of
co'$oston1 t+erefore I too3 do8n +er re'nscences1 and s+e s&ned t as
tr)e.
C%ROLI!E 7:,,.
(o'e "ears a&o1 a fe8 'ont+s after t+e deat+ of '" &rand'ot+er1 I
a8o3e n t+e d' l&+t D)st before da8n1 to see an a$$earance e#actl" l3e
+er standn& n t+e old acc)sto'ed $lace fro' 8+ence1 8+en al2e1 s+e 8as
8ont to cons)lt an old cloc31 +er o8n $ro$ert"1 at 2er" earl" +o)rs. I sad
not+n& to an" one tll 8e retred a&an for t+e n&+t1 8+en I fo)nd to '"
s)r$rse1 '" sster1 8+o sle$t 8t+ 'e1 +ad seen t+e sa'e a$$earance at t+e
sa'e t'e.
/%RY ,E%R.
/rs. 7)dd5s sster1 /ss -arrs1 confr's t+e abo2e acco)nt as follo8sJ

BE6EL1 %L4RICR1 !E%R 6ORCE(TER1 August .>th L*AA?M.

Bot+ ssters 'entoned seen& '" &rand'ot+er t+e da" of t+e a$$arton
before fat+er and 'ot+er1 t+en al2e1 and '"self. I t+n3 s+e ')st +a2e ded
abo)t *ABB1 b)t I 8as t+en 2er" "o)n&1 and can5t re'e'ber e#actl". I 8ll
fnd o)t f t s '$ortant1 b)t '" ssters +a2e often 'entoned t snce.
%!!IE -%RRI(.
*+3 A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. ?..1 footnote. T+e
acco)nt 8as 8rtten do8n1 a fe8 'ont+s after t+e occ)rrence1 fro' t+e
dctaton of t+e $erc$ent(ster Bert+a1 ()$eror of t+e -o)se of /erc"
at Bo2e" Trac"1 !e8ton %bbot8+o read t t+ro)&+ on ,ece'ber .@t+1
*AA?1 $rono)nced t correct1 and s&ned t.
On t+e n&+t of t+e *>t+ of !o2e'ber1 *AB* (I do not 3no8 t+e e#act
+o)r)1 I 8as )$ n '" bed 8atc+n&1 beca)se t+ere 8as a $erson not E)te
8ell n t+e ne#t roo'. I +eard a 2oce1 8+c+ I reco&nsed at once as
fa'lar to 'e1 and at frst t+o)&+t of '" sster. It sad1 n t+e br&+test and
'ost c+eerf)l tone1 I a' +ere 8t+ "o).9 I ans8ered1 loo3n& and seen&
not+n&1 6+o are "o)W9 T+e 2oce sad1 Yo) ')stn5t 3no8 "et.9 I +eard
not+n& 'ore1 and sa8 not+n&1 and a' certan t+at t+e door 8as not o$ened
or s+)t. I 8as not +ii,IMM- n t+e least fr&+tened1 and felt con2nced t+at t
8as L)c"5s L/ss L)c" Ga'ber Parr"5sM 2oce. I +a2e ne2er do)bted t fro'
t+at 'o'ent. I +ad not +eard of +er ben& 8orseG t+e last acco)nt +ad been
&ood1 and I 8as e#$ectn& to +ear t+at s+e 8as at TorE)a". In t+e co)rse of
t+e ne#t da" (t+e **t+)1 'ot+er told 'e t+at s+e +ad ded on t+e 'ornn& of
t+e *>t+1 rat+er 'ore t+an t8el2e +o)rs before I +eard +er 2oce.
T+e narrator nfor's )s t+at s+e +as ne2er n +er lfe e#$erenced an"
ot+er +all)cnaton of t+e senses. /rs. Ga'ber Parr"1 of -&+na' Co)rt1
Glo)cester1 ste$C'ot+er and co)sn of t+e L)c"9 of t+e narrat2e1 8rtesJ
(ster Bert+a (+er na'e s Bert+a 4oertsc+) +ad been l2n& for 'an"
"ears as Ger'an &o2erness to L)c" %nna Ga'ber Parr"1 and 8as +er
dearest frend. (+e ca'e to )s at once on +earn& of L)c"5s deat+1 and told
'e of t+e '"stero)s occ)rrence of t+e n&+t before.
*++ A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. B*@. T+s case1 f
tele$at+call" or&nated1 s an nterestn& nstance of t+e a$$earance of a
$+antas' to certan $erc$ents on local1 not $ersonal1 &ro)nds. T+e acco)nt
co'es fro' /ss Edt+ 4arE)+arson1 8+o 8rtesJ
1une *AA?.
In t+e "ear *ABA1 !o. @ ,r)''ond Place1 Ednb)r&+1 8as n t+e
occ)$aton of /r. 4arE)+arson1 for'erl" a 7)d&e of t+e -&+ Co)rt of
7a'aca. On t+e n&+t of Good 4rda" n t+at "ear1 t8o of +s da)&+ters1
/ss Edt+ 4arE)+arson1 +er sster /aranne Lno8 /rs. -enr" /)rra"M1 and
a lttle co)sn1 %&nes ($aldn&1 a&ed s# "ears1 8ere slee$n& n a roo' at
t+e to$ of t+e +o)se. %bo)t **.<? P./.1 t+e t8o ssters 8ere a8a3ened b"
+earn& lo)d screa's fro' t+e c+ld1 8+o 8as slee$n& on a 'attress $laced
on t+e floor besde t+er bed. T+e 'attress 8as a&anst t+e door leadn& nto
a dressn&Croo'G t+s door 8as loc3ed and sealed 8t+ 8+te ta$es and blac3
8a#G t +ad been t+)s closed b" a 'e'ber of t+e fa'l" to 8+o' t+e +o)se
belon&ed before /r. 4arE)+arson entered )$on +s tenanc". T+e deat+ of
t+e +ead of t+e fa'l"1 and t+e delcac" of +ealt+ of one of t+e da)&+ters1
+ad ca)sed t+e' to 8s+ to lea2e Ednb)r&+ and s$end t+e 8nter n
TorE)a".
On +earn& t+e c+ld5s screa's of terror1 /ss /.4. to)c+ed +er sster
and sad1 ,o "o) +ear t+e c+ld screa'n&W9 /ss E.4. re$led t+at s+e dd1
and t)rned +er +ead ro)nd to lsten better. 6+en t+e c+ld 8as as3ed 8+at
s+e 8as screa'n& abo)t1 s+e sad1 I a' 8de a8a3e1 and I +a2e seen a
f&)re 8+c+ 8as leann& o2er 'e19 and 8+en f)rt+er E)estoned 8+ere t+e
f&)re 8ent to1 sad1 Ro)nd t+e sde of "o)r bed.9
/ss E.4.1 8+en s+e t)rned ro)nd1 sa8 a f&)re slde fro' near t+e
c+ld5s bed and $ass alon& t+e foot of t+e bed 8+ereon s+e and +er sster
8ere. (%t t+e frst 'o'ent s+e t+o)&+t t 8as a t+ef.) T+e latter1 on +earn&
+er sa" n 4renc+1 ( y a quequQun, 8as so terrfed t+at s+e +d +er +ead
)nder t+e bedCclot+es.
/ss E.4. descrbes t+e f&)re as ben& dressed n a ro)&+ bro8n s+a8l
+eld t&+tl" ro)nd t+e b)st1 a 8deCbr''ed +at1 and a 2el. 6+en t+e c+ld
8as E)estoned after8ards s+e &a2e t+e sa'e acco)nt of t+e cost)'e. /ss
E.4. sa"s t+at after $assn& alon& t+e foot of t+e bed 8t+ a noseless &ldn&
+ii,IMN- 'oton1 t+e f&)re dsa$$eared nto t+e dar3ness. E#ce$t t+e door
8+c+ 8as loc3ed and sealed1 t+e onl" door of e#t to t+e roo' 8as one
8+c+ 8as E)te close to t+e bedG at r&+t an&les 8t+ t+e door and 8t+ t+e
+ead of t+e bed 8as a lar&e +an&n& c)$board.
Bot+ t+e lades &ot )$ nstantl". T+e" fo)nd t+e door of t+er roo'
closed as t+e" +ad left t. T+er brot+er5s roo' 8as ne#t to t+ersG t+e"
3noc3ed at +s door to ro)se +'1 at t+e sa'e t'e 3ee$n& a s+ar$ loo3Co)t
on t+e door of t+er o8n roo' to see t+at no one esca$ed. T+e 8+ole $art"
t+en 'ade a t+oro)&+ searc+ n t+e roo' and c)$board1 fo)nd not+n&
dst)rbed1 and once 'ore retred to rest. T+e ne#t 'ornn& t+e $a&eCbo" sad
t+at +e +ad been )nable to slee$ all n&+t on acco)nt of t+e so)nds +e +eard
of so'e one scratc+n& at +s 8ndo8. -e declared t+at +e +ad s+ed all +s
boots and e2er"t+n& +e co)ld la" +old of n t+e drecton 8+ence t+e nose
ca'e1 b)t 8t+o)t effect. -e co)ld stand t no lon&er1 and 8ent to t+e roo'
8+ere so'e of t+e 8o'en ser2ants sle$t1 be&&n& to be let n. T+e" +ad
+eard not+n&1 +o8e2er1 t+o)&+ t+e"1 l3e +'self1 sle$t n t+e base'ent of
t+e +o)se.
T+e 8+ole fa'l" 8ere +ardl" asse'bled on t+e (at)rda" 'ornn&1
8+en t+e sonCnCla8 of t+e late o8ner of t+e +o)se arr2ed1 and as3ed to see
/r. 4arE)+arson. -e 8s+ed $artc)larl" to 3no8 e#actl" 8+at da" t+s
&entle'an and +s fa'l" ntended lea2n& t+e +o)se (t+er ter' 8o)ld
e#$re t+e follo8n& 8ee3)1 for +e +ad D)st rece2ed a tele&ra' nfor'n&
+' t+at +s ssterCnCla8 +ad ded t+at n&+t1 and t+e" 8ere an#o)s to brn&
+er bod" t+ere ''edatel" for b)ral.
6t+ res$ect to t+s last $ara&ra$+1 t+e narrator5s fat+er 8rtesJ
T+e abo2e s a correct state'ent of t+e occ)rrence.
C. /. 4%RX:-%R(O!.
/ss 4arE)+arson contn)esJ
T+e $ossble sol)ton of 8+at 8e $res)'e to +a2e been an a$$arton of
t+s lad" s1 t+at t+e bedroo' occ)$ed b" t+e /sses 4arE)+arson ben& t+e
one s+e +abt)all" )sed1 n +er d"n& 'o'ents s+e desred to 2st t once
'ore1 or else t+at t+ere 8as so'et+n& n t+e dressn&roo' 8+c+ s+e
$artc)larl" 8s+ed for.
E,IT- %. 4%RX:-%R(O!.
T+e follo8n& nde$endent acco)nt s fro' /rs. /)rra"J
COBO1 G:ER!(EY1 1une .<th, *AA?.
O)r +o'e 8as n Pert+s+reG b)t n t+e 8nter of *ABA '" fat+er too3 a
+o)se for fo)r 'ont+s n ,r)''ond Place1 !o. A LW @M n Ednb)r&+1 n
order to &2e )s a c+an&e. T+e +o)se belon&ed to General (te8art1 8+o +ad
a delcate da)&+ter1 and +e let t1 to ta3e t+e da)&+ter to TorE)a" for t+e
8nter. 6e dd not 3no8 t+e (te8arts1 so o)r 'a&naton co)ld not +a2e
asssted n an" 8a" to acco)nt for t+e c)ro)s a$$arton t+at 8as seen. I
'"self dd not see t1 b)t I 8as n t+e roo' 8t+ '" sster and lttle co)sn1
8+o bot+ dd. /" belef s t+at Pro2dence $re2ented '" seen& t1 as I a'
of a 2er" ner2o)s te'$era'ent1 and t '&+t +a2e +ad a 2er" bad effect on
'e f I +ad. 6ell1 t+e a$$arton too3 $lace on Good 4rda" n&+t at abo)t
t8el2e o5cloc3. T+s lttle co)sn1 8+o 8as onl" abo)t s# "ears old1 +ad
co'e nto to8n fro' t+e co)ntr"1 and as o)r +o)se 8as 2er" f)ll s+e +ad a
s+a3eCdo8n besde o)r bed on '" sde. I 8as t+e frst to be a8a3ened b"
+earn& +er calln& o)t n a +ii,IMO- fr&+tened 8a". (o I sad1 6+at s t+e
'atter1 %ddeW9 O+19 s+e sad1 Co)sn /aranne1 I a' so fr&+tened. %
f&)re +as been leann& o2er 'e1 and 8+ene2er I $)t o)t '" +ands to $)s+ t
off t leant bac3 on "o)r bedZ9 %t t+s I 8as alar'ed and a8o3e '" sster1
8+o lfted +er +ead fro' +er $llo8 and loo3ed )$1 8+en s+e sa8 a f&)re
&ldn& across t+e foot of o)r bed 8ra$$ed n a s+a8l1 8t+ a +at and 2el on.
(+e 8+s$ered to 'e n 4renc+1 ( y a quequQun, t+n3n& t 8as a t+ef1
8+ereat 8e bot+ D)'$ed o)t of bed to&et+er and 8ent to t+e ne#t roo' to
&et o)r brot+er1 Ca$tan 4arE)+arson. -s bedroo' door +ad a s+a3" loc3
8+c+ 'ade a nose1 so +e +ad barrcaded t 8t+ a $ort'antea). 6+le +e
8as co'n& to o)r +el$1 8e 3e$t o)r e"es f#ed on o)r door n case an" one
s+o)ld +a2e esca$ed1 b)t 8e sa8 not+n&1 and after o)r all searc+n& e2er"
corner of t+e bedroo' 8e ca'e to t+e concl)son t+at no one +ad been
t+ere1 for e2er"t+n& 8as ntact. 6e t+en E)estoned lttle %dde as to 8+at
s+e +ad seen1 and 8+at t+e f&)re 8as l3e. (+e descrbed t as t+at of a lad"
8t+ a s+a8l on and a +at1 and a 2el o2er +er face1 and sad t+at as I s$o3e
s+e +ad &one across t+e foot of t+e bed n t+e sa'e drecton t+at '" sster
+ad seen +er &o. T+s c+ld1 I ')st tell "o)1 +ad been 'ost caref)ll" bro)&+t
)$ b" +er 'ot+er1 and 8as not allo8ed to read e2en far" tales for fear of
+a2n& fools+ deas n +er +ead1 8+c+ 'a3es t+e t+n& 'ore re'ar3able1
for s+e +ad certanl" ne2er +eard of a &+ost.Y
T+en t+e ne#t 'ornn& 8e 8ere relatn& o)r ad2ent)res1 8+en a rn&
ca'e to t+e door1 and t+e ser2ant sad a &entle'an 8anted to s$ea3 to '"
fat+er. T+s &entle'an 8as a /r. 4ndla"1 8+o +ad 'arred a /ss (te8art.
-e ca'e to as3 8+en 8e 8ere to lea2e1 for +e 3ne8 t 8as abo)t t+e t'e1
as +e +ad rece2ed a tele&ra' t+at 'ornn& to sa" t+at /ss (te8art +ad
ded n TorE)a" d)rn& t+e n&+t1 and t+e" 8anted to brn& +er bod" to
Ednb)r&+. 6e +eard after8ards fro' frends of t+e (te8arts t+at t+e
bedroo' 8e +ad +ad been +ers. I for&ot to 'enton t+at t+e c+ld5s bed la"
across t+e door of a s'all roo' 8+c+ +ad been loc3ed )$ b" t+e (te8arts1
and t+e" +ad $)t ta$es across and sealed t+e' 8t+ blac3 8a#.
6e +a2e none of )s e2er +ad an" +all)cnatons et+er before or after
t+s stran&e affar.
/%RI%!!E /:RR%Y.
6e fnd fro' t+e Scotsman and t+e 8dinburgh Courant t+at /ss
(te8art ded on %$rl **1 *ABA1 t+e da" follo8n& Good 4rda". If t+e deat+
too3 $lace n t+e co)rse of a fe8 +o)rs after 'dn&+t1 d)rn& t+e n&+t9
8o)ld of co)rse be t+e nat)ral e#$resson.
T+e abo2e acco)nt 8as frst $rnted n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 soon after
8+c+ 8e rece2ed a letter fro' a lad" 8+o stated t+at s+e +ad +eard of t+e
ncdent D)st as related n t+e 1ourna9 8t+n a fe8 da"s of ts occ)rrence
fro' so'e co)sns of t+e /ss 4arE)+arsons1 8+o +ad been told b" t+e
+o)seCa&ent t+at t+e descr$ton of t+e lad" n t+e lar&e +at and 2el e#actl"
rese'bled /ss (te8art. /rs. /)rra"1 +o8e2er1 sa"sJ I do not t+n3 an" of
)s 'entoned t to /r. Bo"d Lt+e a&entM. I +a2e no reason to bele2e t+at t+e
dress of t+e f&)re 8as n an" 8a" c+aracterstc of /ss (te8art.9 T+)s t
a$$ears t+at t+e rese'blance of t+e f&)re seen to t+e lad" 8+o ded s
entrel" $roble'atc. Its assocaton 8t+ +er de$ends onl" on t+e
concdence of ts a$$earance n +er old +o'e on t+e n&+t of +er deat+. It
')st also be obser2ed t+at n t+s +ii,INP- case t+e a$$arton 8as seen
s+ortl" be$ore t+e deat+1 t+o)&+ t see's to belon& to t+e sa'e &eneral
cate&or" as t+e ot+er cases n t+s secton.
*++ B . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ?=. T+e follo8n& ncdent
occ)rred to a &entle'an $ersonall" 3no8n to 'e. T+e ntals +ere &2en are
not t+e tr)e ones. On October *.t+1 *AAA1 /r. 7. &a2e 'e vivF voce t+e
follo8n& acco)nt of +s e#$erence n t+e 0. Lbrar"1 n *AA<1 8+c+ I too3
do8n fro' 'e'or" ne#t da"1 and 8+c+ +e re2sed and correctedJ
In *AA> I s)cceeded a /r. X. as lbraran of t+e 0. Lbrar". I +ad ne2er
seen /r. X.1 nor an" $+oto&ra$+ or l3eness of +'1 8+en t+e follo8n&
ncdents occ)rred. I 'a"1 of co)rse1 +a2e +eard t+e lbrar" assstants
descrbe +s a$$earance1 t+o)&+ I +a2e no recollecton of t+s. I 8as sttn&
alone n t+e lbrar" one e2enn& late n /arc+1 *AA<1 fns+n& so'e 8or3
after +o)rs1 8+en t s)ddenl" occ)rred to 'e t+at I s+o)ld 'ss t+e last tran
to -.1 8+ere I 8as t+en l2n&1 f I dd not 'a3e +aste. It 8as t+en *>.??1
and t+e last tran left 0. at **.?. I &at+ered )$ so'e boo3s n one +and1 too3
t+e la'$ n t+e ot+er1 and $re$ared to lea2e t+e lbraran5s roo'1 8+c+
co'')ncated b" a $assa&e 8t+ t+e 'an roo' of t+e lbrar". %s '" la'$
ll)'ned t+s $assa&e1 I sa8 a$$arentl" at t+e f)rt+er end of t a 'an5s face.
I nstantl" t+o)&+t a t+ef +ad &ot nto t+e lbrar". T+s 8as b" no 'eans
'$ossble1 and t+e $robablt" of t +ad occ)rred to 'e before. I t)rned
bac3 nto '" roo'1 $)t do8n t+e boo3s1 and too3 a re2ol2er fro' t+e safe1
and1 +oldn& t+e la'$ ca)to)sl" be+nd 'e1 I 'ade '" 8a" alon& t+e
$assa&e8+c+ +ad a corner1 be+nd 8+c+ I t+o)&+t '" t+ef '&+t be
l"n& n 8atnto t+e 'an roo'. -ere I sa8 no one1 b)t t+e roo' 8as
lar&e and enc)'bered 8t+ boo3cases. I called o)t lo)dl" to t+e ntr)der to
s+o8 +'self se2eral t'es1 'ore 8t+ t+e +o$e of attractn& a $assn&
$olce'an t+an of dra8n& t+e ntr)der. T+en I sa8 a face loo3n& ro)nd
one of t+e boo3cases. I sa" loo3n& round, b)t t +ad an odd a$$earance as f
t+e body 8ere in t+e boo3case1 as t+e face ca'e so closel" to t+e ed&e and I
co)ld see no bod". T+e face 8as $alld and +arless1 and t+e orbts of t+e
e"es 8ere 2er" dee$. I ad2anced to8ards t1 and as I dd so I sa8 an old 'an
8t+ +&+ s+o)lders see' to rotate o)t of t+e end of t+e boo3case1 and 8t+
+s bac3 to8ards 'e and 8t+ a s+)ffln& &at 8al3 rat+er E)c3l" fro' t+e
boo3case to t+e door of a s'all la2ator"1 8+c+ o$ened fro' t+e lbrar" and
+ad no ot+er access. I +eard no nose. I follo8ed t+e 'an at once nto t+e
la2ator"G and to '" e#tre'e s)r$rse fo)nd no one t+ere. I e#a'ned t+e
8ndo8 (abo)t *< n.\*. n.)1 and fo)nd t closed and fastened. I o$ened t
and loo3ed o)t. It o$ened nto a 8ell1 t+e botto' of 8+c+1 ten feet belo81
8as a s3"Cl&+t1 and t+e to$ o$en to t+e s3" so'e t8ent" feet abo2e. It 8as
n t+e 'ddle of t+e b)ldn&1 and no one co)ld +a2e dro$$ed nto t 8t+o)t
s'as+n& t+e &lass nor cl'bed o)t of t 8t+o)t a ladderb)t no one 8as
t+ere. !or +ad t+ere been an"t+n& l3e t'e for a 'an to &et o)t of t+e
8ndo81 as I follo8ed t+e ntr)der nstantl". Co'$letel" '"stfed1 I e2en
loo3ed nto t+e lttle c)$board )nder t+e f#ed basn. T+ere 8as no8+ere
+dn& for a c+ld1 and I confess I be&an to e#$erence for t+e frst t'e 8+at
no2elsts descrbe as an eere9 feeln&.
I left t+e lbrar"1 and fo)nd I +ad 'ssed '" tran.
!e#t 'ornn& I 'entoned 8+at I +ad seen to a local cler&"'an1 8+o on
+earn& '" descr$ton1 sad1 6+"1 t+at5s old X.Z9 (oon after I sa8 a
$+oto&ra$+ +ii,ING- (fro' a dra8n&) of X.1 and t+e rese'blance 8as
certanl" str3n&. X. +ad lost all +s +ar1 e"ebro8s and all1 fro' (I bele2e)
a &)n$o8der accdent. -s 8al3 8as a $ec)lar1 ra$d1 +&+Cs+o)ldered
s+)ffle. Later nE)r" $ro2ed +e +ad ded at abo)t t+e t'e of "ear at 8+c+ I
sa8 t+e f&)re.
I +a2e no t+eor" as to t+s occ)rrence1 and +a2e ne2er &2en s$ecal
attenton to s)c+ 'atters. I +a2e onl" on one ot+er occason seen a
$+antas'al f&)re Lt+at of +s 'ot+er1 seen 8+en +e 8as a bo" of tenM.
6+en I sa8 t+e f&)re of LX.M I 8as n &ood +ealt+ and s$rts.
T+e e2dental 2al)e of t+e abo2e acco)nt s en+anced b" t+e fact t+at
t+e $rnc$al assstant n t+e lbrar"1 /r. R.1 and a D)nor cler31 /r. P.1
nde$endentl" 8tnessed a sn&)lar $+eno'enon1 t+)s descrbed b" /r. R.
n *AA@J
% fe8 "ears a&o I 8as en&a&ed n a lar&e b)ldn& n t+e 1 and
d)rn& t+e b)s" t'es 8as often t+ere tll late n t+e e2enn&. On one
$artc)lar n&+t I 8as at 8or3 alon& 8t+ a D)nor cler3 tll abo)t ** P./.1 n
t+e roo' 'ar3ed % on t+e anne#ed s3etc+ Ls3etc+ o'ttedM. %ll t+e l&+ts n
t+e $lace +ad been o)t for +o)rs e#ce$t t+ose n t+e roo' 8+c+ 8e
occ)$ed. Before lea2n& 8e t)rned o)t t+e &as. 6e t+en loo3ed nto t+e
fre$lace1 b)t not a s$ar3 8as to be seen. T+e n&+t 8as 2er" dar31 b)t ben&
t+oro)&+l" acc)sto'ed to t+e $lace 8e carred no l&+t. On reac+n& t+e
botto' of t+e starcase (B)1 I +a$$ened to loo3 )$G 8+en1 to '" s)r$rse1 t+e
roo' 8+c+ 8e +ad D)st left a$$eared to be l&+ted. I t)rned to '"
co'$anon and $onted o)t t+e l&+t1 and sent +' bac3 to see 8+at 8as
8ron&. -e 8ent at once and I stood loo3n& t+ro)&+ t+e o$en door1 b)t I
8as not a lttle astons+ed to see t+at as soon as +e &ot 8t+n a fe8 "ards of
t+e roo' t+e l&+t 8ent o)t E)te s)ddenl"1 /" co'$anon1 fro' t+e
$oston +e 8as n at t+e 'o'ent1 co)ld not see t+e l&+t &o o)t1 b)t on +s
reac+n& t+e door e2er"t+n& 8as n total dar3ness. -e entered1 +o8e2er1
and 8+en +e ret)rned1 re$orted t+at bot+ &as and fre 8ere co'$letel" o)t.
T+e l&+t n t+e da"t'e 8as &ot b" 'eans of a &lass roof1 t+ere ben& no
8ndo8s on t+e sdes of t+e roo'1 and t+e n&+t n E)eston 8as so dar3 t+at
t+e 'oon s+nn& t+ro)&+ t+e roof 8as o)t of t+e E)eston. %lt+o)&+ I +a2e
often been n t+e sa'e roo' tll lon& after dar31 bot+ before and snce1 I
+a2e ne2er seen an"t+n& )n)s)al at an" ot+er t'e.
/r. P. endorses t+sJ I confr' t+e fore&on& state'ent.9
/r. R. states t+at +e +as ne2er +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton. T+e l&+t
8as seen a$ter t+e $+anto'G b)t t+ose 8+o sa8 t+e l&+t 8ere not a8are t+at
t+e $+anto' +ad been seen1 for /r. 7. 'entoned t+e crc)'stance onl" to
+s 8fe and to one ot+er frend (8+o +as confr'ed to )s t+e fact t+at t 8as
'entoned to +')1 and +e 8as nat)rall" $artc)larl" caref)l to &2e no +nt
of t+e 'atter to +s assstants n t+e lbrar".
*+, A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. **>. T+e narrat2e s
8rtten b" General (r %rt+)r Bec+er1 of (t. 4at+5s /ede1 6nc+ester.
Apri **th, 1))+.
General (r %. Bec+er1 8+o +eld a +&+ a$$ont'ent on t+e (taff n
Inda1 8ent1 acco'$aned b" +s son and %.,.C.1 to t+e -ll (taton of
R)sso8le1 +ii,INH- bo)t /arc+ *AB=1 to e#a'ne a +o)se +e +ad sec)red
for +s fa'l" to resde n d)rn& t+e a$$roac+n& +ot season. T+e" bot+
sle$t n t+e +o)se t+at n&+t. ,)rn& t+e n&+t t+e General a8o3e s)ddenl"
and sa8 t+e f&)re of a nat2e 8o'an standn& near +s bed1 and close to an
o$en door 8+c+ led nto a bat+roo'. -e called o)t1 6+o are "o)W9 and
D)'$ed o)t of bed1 8+en t+e f&)re retreated nto t+e bat+Croo'1 and n
follo8n& t t+e General fo)nd t+e o)ter door loc3ed and t+e f&)re +ad
dsa$$eared.
-e 8ent to bed a&an1 and n t+e 'ornn& +e 8rote n $encl on a doorC
$ost1 (a8 a &+ost19 b)t +e dd not 'enton t+e crc)'stance to +s 8fe.
% fe8 da"s after1 t+e General and +s fa'l" too3 $ossesson of t+e
+o)se for t+e season1 and Lad" Bec+er )sed t+e roo' t+e General +ad sle$t
n for +er dressn&Croo'. %bo)t = P./. on t+e frst e2enn& of t+er arr2al1
Lad" Bec+er 8as dressn& for dnner1 and on &on& to a 8ardrobe (near t+e
bat+Croo' door) to ta3e o)t a dress1 s+e sa81 standn& close b" and 8t+n
t+e bat+Croo'1 a nat2e 8o'an1 and1 for t+e 'o'ent t+n3n& t 8as +er
o8n a"a+1 as3ed +er 8+at s+e 8anted19 as Lad" Bec+er ne2er allo8ed a
ser2ant n +er roo' 8+le dressn&. T+e f&)re t+en dsa$$eared b" t+e sa'e
door as on t+e for'er occason1 8+c+1 as before1 8as fo)nd loc3edZ Lad"
Bec+er 8as not ')c+ alar'ed1 b)t felt t+at so'et+n& )n)s)al +ad
occ)rred1 and at dnner 'entoned t+e e2ent to t+e General and +s son1
8+en t+e General re$eated 8+at +ad occ)rred to +' on t+e for'er
occason. T+at sa'e n&+t t+er "o)n&est son1 a bo" abo)t e&+t "ears of
a&e1 8as slee$n& n t+e sa'e roo' as +s fat+er and 'ot+er1 +s bed facn&
an o$en door leadn& nto t+e dressn&Croo' and bat+Croo'1 before
'entoned1 and n t+e 'ddle of t+e n&+t t+e bo" started )$ n +s bed n a
fr&+tened attt)de and called o)t1 6+at do "o) 8ant1 a"a+W 8+at do "o)
8antW9 n -nd)stan1 e2dentl" seen& a fe'ale f&)re n t+e dressn&Croo'
near +s bed. -s 'ot+er E)eted +' and +e fell aslee$1 and t+e f&)re 8as
not seen b" us on t+at occason1 nor 8as t e2er a&an seen1 t+o)&+ 8e l2ed
for 'ont+s n t+e +o)se. B)t t confr'ed o)r feeln& t+at t+e sa'e 8o'an
had appeared to us a three, and on nE)r" fro' ot+er occ)$ants 8e
learned t+at t 8as a freE)ent a$$arton on t+e frst n&+t or so of t+e +o)se
ben& occ)$ed.
% nat2e -ll1 or Cas+'ere 8o'an1 2er" far and +andso'e1 +ad been
')rdered so'e "ears before n a +)t a fe8 "ards belo8 t+e +o)se1 and
''edatel" )nder t+e door leadn& nto t+e bat+ and dressn&Croo'1
t+ro)&+ 8+c+1 on all t+ree occasons1 t+e f&)re +ad entered and
dsa$$eared. /" son slee$n& n anot+er sde of t+e +o)se ne2er sa8 t.
I co)ld &2e t+e na'es of so'e ot+er s)bseE)ent occ)$ants 8+o +a2e
told )s ')c+ t+e sa'e stor".
()bseE)entl" (r %rt+)r Bec+er 8rtesJ
6I!C-E(TER1 2ay *<th, *AA<.
I 8rte to sa" Lad" Bec+er does not desre to 8rte an"t+n& 'ore
$ersonall" on t+e s)bDect of t+e G+ost (tor"9 I before detaled1 as s+e sa"s
'" acco)nt of t 8as &2en n connecton 8t+ and entrel" n accordance
8t+ +er recollecton of t+e crc)'stances. T+e 8o'an a$$eared to 'e n
t+e n&+t1 and n t+e ordnar" l&+t of a roo' 8t+o)t an" blnds or s+)tters.
In ans8er to nE)res1 +e f)rt+er tells )s t+at t+e bat+Croo' door 8as
loc3ed on t+e nsdeG t+at t+e roo's 8ere on t+e &ro)nd floorG b)t t+at +ii,
INI- t+ere 8as no e#t b)t b" t+e doors referred to. %lso t+at t+e c+ld +ad
certanl" not +eard of t+e &+ost before +e sa8 t.
*+, B . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *=A. T+e follo8n&
narrat2e 8as sent to )s 8t+ t+e tr)e na'es1 b)t 8t+ a reE)est to conceal
t+e'1 and so'e local detals1 on acco)nt of t+e $anf)l nat)re of t+e ncdent
descrbed. O)r nfor'ant1 8+o' I 8ll call /rs. /.1 8rtes )nder date
,ece'ber *?t+1 *A@*.
Before relatn& '" e#$erence of +a2n& seen a &+ost1 I s+o)ld l3e '"
readers t+oro)&+l" to )nderstand t+at I +ad not t+e sl&+test dea t+at t+e
+o)se n 8+c+ '" +)sband and I 8ere l2n& 8as +a)nted1 or t+at t+e
fa'l" resdn& t+ere for 'an" "ears before )s +ad +ad an" fa'l" tro)bles.
T+e +o)se 8as del&+tf)ll" st)ated L&c.M. T+e +o)se ben& $artl" ne8 and
$artl" old1 8e occ)$ed t+e old $art for o)r slee$n& a$art'ents. T+ere 8ere
t8o starcases leadn& to t+e'1 8t+ a landn& and 8ndo81 adDonn& a
'ornn& sttn&Croo'. One n&+t on retrn& to '" bedroo' abo)t **
o5cloc31 I t+o)&+t I +eard a $ec)lar 'oann& so)nd1 and so'e one sobbn&
as f n &reat dstress of 'nd. I lstened 2er" attent2el"1 and stll t
contn)edG so I rased t+e &as n '" bedroo'1 and t+en 8ent to t+e landn&
8ndo8 of 8+c+ I +a2e s$o3en1 dre8 t+e blnd asdeG and t+ere on t+e &rass
8as a 2er" bea)tf)l "o)n& &rl n a 3neeln& $ost)re before a solder1 n a
&eneral5s )nfor'1 sobbn&1 and clas$n& +er +ands to&et+er1 entreatn& for
$ardonG b)t1 alasZ +e onl" 8a2ed +er a8a" fro' +'. (o ')c+ dd I feel for
t+e &rl1 t+at 8t+o)t a 'o'ent5s +estaton I ran do8n t+e starcase to t+e
door o$enn& )$on t+e la8n1 and be&&ed +er to co'e n and tell 'e +er
sorro8. T+e f&)res t+en dsa$$earedZ !ot n t+e least ner2o)s dd I feel
t+enG8ent a&an to '" bedroo'1 too3 a s+eet of 8rtn&C$a$er and 8rote
do8n 8+at I +ad seen. L/rs. /. +as fo)nd and sent )s t+s $a$er. T+e
follo8n& 8ords are 8rtten n $encl on a +alf s+eet of note$a$erJ /arc+
*;t+1 *AAB. -a2e D)st seen 2sons on la8n Ja solder n &eneral5s )nfor'1
a "o)n& lad" 3neeln& to +'. **.<> P./.9M /" +)sband 8as a8a" fro'
+o'e 8+en t+s e2ent occ)rred1 b)t a lad" frend 8as sta"n& 8t+ 'e1 so I
8ent to +er bedroo' and told +er t+at I +ad been rat+er fr&+tened 8t+
so'e nosesGco)ld I sta" 8t+ +er a lttle 8+leW % fe8 da"s after8ards I
fo)nd '"self n a 2er" ner2o)s stateG b)t t see'ed so stran&e t+at I 8as not
fr&+tened at t+e t'e.
It a$$ears t+e stor" s onl" too tr)e. T+e "o)n&est da)&+ter of t+s 2er"
old1 $ro)d fa'l" +ad +ad an lle&t'ate c+ldG and +er $arents and relat2es
8o)ld not reco&nse +er a&an1 and s+e ded bro3enC+earted. T+e solder
8as a near relat2e (also a connecton of '" +)sband5s)G and t 8as n 2an
s+e tred to &an +st+e solder5sfor&2eness. LIn a s)bseE)ent letter (r
0. Y.5s career s descrbed. -e 8as a dstn&)s+ed offcer.M
(o 22d 8as '" re'e'brance of t+e feat)res of t+e solder t+at so'e
'ont+s after t+e occ)rrence1 8+en I +a$$ened to be calln& 8t+ '"
+)sband at a +o)se 8+ere t+ere 8as a $ortrat of +'1 I ste$$ed before t and
sadJ 6+"1 loo3Z T+ere s t+e GeneralZ9 %nd s)re eno)&+ t #as.
In a s)bseE)ent letter /rs. /. 8rtesJ
I dd see t+e f&)res on t+e la8n after o$enn& t+e door leadn& on to t+e
la8nG and t+e" b" no 'eans dsa$$eared nstantl"1 b)t 'ore l3e a
dssol2n& 2e81 2N.1 &rad)all"G and I dd not lea2e t+e door )ntl t+e" +ad
$assed a8a". +ii,INJ- It 8as '$ossble for an" real $ersons to act s)c+ a
scene.Y T+e General 8as born and ded n Lt+e +o)se 8+ere I sa8 +'M.Y
I 8as not a8are t+at t+e $ortrat of t+e General 8as n t+at roo' L8+ere I
sa8 tMG t 8as t+e frst t'e I +ad been n t+at roo'. T+e 'sfort)ne to t+e
$oor &rl +a$$ened n *A<= or *A<A.
/rs. /. t+en 'entons t+at a res$ectable local trades'an1 +earn& of t+e
ncdent1 re'ar3edJ T+at s not an )nco''on t+n& to see her abo)t t+e
$lace1 $oor so)lZ (+e 8as a badl" )sed &rl.9
/r. /. 8rtes as follo8s1 )nder date ,ece'ber .;rd1 *A@*J
I +a2e seen '" 8fe5s letter n re&ard to t+e reco&nton of (r 0. Y.5s
$ct)re at . !ot+n& 8as sad b" 'e to +er on t+e s)bDectG b)t 3no8n&
t+e $ortrat to be a re'ar3abl" &ood l3eness I $ro$osed calln& at t+e +o)se
L8+c+ 8as t+at of a ne$+e8 of (r 0. Y.5sM1 ben& an#o)s to see 8+at
effect t 8o)ld +a2e on '" 8fe. I''edatel" on entern& t+e roo' s+e
al'ost sta&&ered bac31 and t)rned $ale1 sa"n&loo3n& +ard at t+e $ct)re
6+"1 t+ere5s t+e GeneralZ9YBen& a connecton of t+e fa'l"1 I 3ne8
all abo)t t+e $eo$le1 b)t '" 8fe 8as t+en a stran&er1 and I +ad ne2er
'entoned s)c+ t+n&s to +erG n fact1 t+e" +ad been al'ost for&otten.
T+s case 'a" re'nd )s of G)rne"5s descr$ton of a so'e8+at s'lar
2son (t+at E)oted n *33 B)1 as s)&&estn& t+e s)r22al of a 'ere 'a&e1
8+at I +a2e ter'ed a veridica a$ter,image,of $ast e2ents or e'otons
8t+ no act2e co)nter$art n t+e $resent. 6e are1 ndeed1 al8a"s )ncertan
as to t+e de&ree of t+e deceased $erson5s act2e $artc$aton n $ostC'orte'
$+antas's1as to t+e relaton of s)c+ 'anfestatons to t+e central c)rrent
of +s contn)n& nd2d)alt". B)t t s n dealn& 8t+ t+ese $ersstent
$ct)res of a b"&one eart+Cscene t+at t+s $er$le#t" reac+es ts cl'a#. T+e"
'a"1 as I +a2e alread" sad1 be t+e 'ere drea's of t+e deadGaffordn& no
tr)e ndcaton of t+e $ont 8+c+ t+e deceased $erson5s 3no8led&e or
e'oton +as reall" reac+ed.
*+, C . In eac+ of t+e t8o ne#t cases t+e nter2al after deat+ 8as
consderable1 and t+e $erc$ent 8as an absol)te stran&er to t+e deceased.
T+s condton ')st1 of co)rse1 )s)all" n2ol2e t+e dsad2anta&e t+at t+e
dentfcaton of t+e a$$earance 8t+ a $artc)lar $erson can be based onl"
on t+e $erc$ent5s s)bseE)ent descr$ton of 8+at +e +ad seen. B)t n t+e
case 8+c+ I s+all E)ote frst1 t+s sort of dentfcaton 8as renforced b"
t+e $erc$ent5s reco&nton of a $+oto&ra$+ of t+e deceased. T+e acco)nt1
ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <*B1 co'es fro' /r. 7o+n E.
-)sbands1 of /elbo)rne -o)se1 To8n -all (E)are1 Gr'sb".
September *?th, *AAB.
,E%R (IR1T+e facts are s'$l" t+ese. I 8as slee$n& n a +otel n
/adera n 7an)ar" *AA?. It 8as a br&+t 'oonl&+t n&+t. T+e 8ndo8s
8ere o$en and t+e blnds )$. I felt so'e one 8as n '" roo'. On o$enn&
'" e"es1 I sa8 a "o)n& fello8 abo)t t8ent"Cf2e1 dressed n flannels1
standn& at t+e sde of '" bed and $ontn& 8t+ t+e frst fn&er of +s r&+t
+and to t+e +ii,INK- $lace I 8as l"n&. I la" for so'e seconds to con2nce
'"self of so'e one ben& reall" t+ere. I t+en sat )$ and loo3ed at +'. I sa8
+s feat)res so $lanl" t+at I reco&nsed t+e' n a $+oto&ra$+ 8+c+ 8as
s+o8n 'e so'e da"s after. I as3ed +' 8+at +e 8antedG +e dd not s$ea31
b)t +s e"es and +and see'ed to tell 'e I 8as n +s $lace. %s +e dd not
ans8er1 I str)c3 o)t at +' 8t+ '" fst as I sat )$1 b)t dd not reac+ +'1
and as I 8as &on& to s$rn& o)t of bed +e slo8l" 2ans+ed t+ro)&+ t+e door1
8+c+ 8as s+)t1 3ee$n& +s e"es )$on 'e all t+e t'e. :$on nE)r" I
fo)nd t+at t+e "o)n& fello8 8+o a$$eared to 'e ded n t+at roo' I 8as
occ)$"n&.Y
7O-! E. -:(B%!,(.
T+e follo8n& letters are fro' /ss 4al3ner1 of C+)rc+ Terrace1
6sbec+1 8+o 8as resdent at t+e +otel 8+en t+e abo2e ncdent +a$$ened.
<ctober Ath, *AAB.
T+e f&)re t+at /r. -)sbands sa8 8+le n /adera 8as t+at of a "o)n&
fello8 8+o ded )ne#$ectedl" 'ont+s $re2o)sl"1 n t+e roo' 8+c+ /r.
-)sbands 8as occ)$"n&. C)ro)sl" eno)&+1 /r. -. +ad ne2er +eard of +'
or +s deat+. -e told 'e t+e stor" t+e 'ornn& after +e +ad seen t+e f&)re1
and I reco&nsed t+e "o)n& fello8 fro' t+e descr$ton. It '$ressed 'e
2er" ')c+1 b)t I dd not 'enton t to +' or an" one. I lotered abo)t )ntl I
+eard /r. -)sbands tell t+e sa'e tale to '" brot+erG 8e left /r. -. and sad
s')ltaneo)sl" -e +as seen /r. ,.9
!o 'ore 8as sad on t+e s)bDect for da"sG t+en I abr)$tl" s+o8ed t+e
$+oto&ra$+. /r. -)sbands sad at once1 T+at s t+e "o)n& fello8 8+o
a$$eared to 'e t+e ot+er n&+t1 b)t +e 8as dressed dfferentl"9descrbn&
a dress +e often 8orecrc3et s)t (or tenns) fastened at t+e nec3 8t+
salor 3not.9 I ')st sa" t+at /r. -)sbands s a 'ost $ractcal 'an1 and t+e
2er" last one 8o)ld e#$ect a s$rt9 to 2st.
R. 4%LR!ER.
<ctober .>th, *AAB.
I enclose "o) $+oto&ra$+ and an e#tract fro' '" ssterCnCla85s letter1
8+c+ I rece2ed t+s 'ornn&1 as t 8ll 2erf" '" state'ent. /r. -)sbands
sa8 t+e f&)re et+er t+e ;rd or <t+ of 4ebr)ar" *AA?.
T+e $eo$le 8+o +ad occ)$ed t+e roo's +ad ne2er told )s f t+e" +ad
seen an"t+n&1 so 8e 'a" concl)de t+e" +ad not.
R. 4%LR!ER.
T+e follo8n& s /ss 4al3ner5s co$" of t+e $assa&e n t+e letterJ
Yo) 8ll see at bac3 of /r. d) 45s $+oto t+e date of +s decease
L7an)ar" .@t+1 *AA<MG and f "o) recollect Ht+e /otta /arE)es5 +ad +s
roo's fro' t+e 4ebr)ar" tll t+e /a" or 7)ne of *AA<1 t+en /aDor /one" at
t+e co''ence'ent of *AA? season. /r. -)sbands +ad to ta3e t+e roo' on
4ebr)ar" .nd1 *AA?1 as +s 8as 8anted. I a' clear on all t+s1 and re'e'ber
+s telln& 'e t+e ncdent 8+en +e ca'e to see '" bab".9
G)rne" addsJ
I +a2e rece2ed a f)ll acco)nt of t+s case1 vivF voce, fro' bot+ /r.
-)sbands and /ss 4al3ner. T+e" are bot+ t+oro)&+l" $ractcal1 and as far
re'o2ed as $ossble fro' a s)$erstto)s lo2e of 'ar2elsG nor +ad t+e" an"
$re2o)s nterest n t+s or an" ot+er class of abnor'al e#$erences. (o far
+ii,INL- as I co)ld D)d&e1 /r. -)sbands5 2e8 of +'self s entrel" correct
t+at +e s t+e last $erson to &2e a s$)ro)s '$ortance to an"t+n& t+at
'&+t befall +'1 or to allo8 facts to be dstorted b" 'a&naton. %s 8ll be
seen1 +s acco)nt of +s 2son $receded an" 3no8led&e on +s $art of t+e
deat+ 8+c+ +ad occ)rred n t+e roo'. -e +as ne2er +ad an" ot+er
+all)cnaton of t+e senses.
%not+er case ')c+ rese'bln& t+s1 b)t n 8+c+ t+e e2dence for
dentfcaton of t+e f&)re s 8ea3er1 s t+at of /rs. Le8n1 n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <B..
*+, D . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. <BB. In t+e follo8n& case t
s $ossble t+at a real $erson 'a" +a2e been 'sta3en for an a$$arton1 b)t
t+e detals1 as re$orted1 tell stron&l" a&anst t+s 2e8. T+e acco)nt s &2en
b" /rs. Cler3e1 BA Redclffe (E)are1 (.6.
*AA<.
In t+e a)t)'n of *A=.1 I sta"ed at (orrento 8t+ '" t8o da)&+ters1 and
establs+ed '"self for so'e 'ont+s at t+e -otel Col)'ella1 8+c+ stands on
t+e +&+ road1 8t+n +alf a 'le of t+e to8n. /" s)te of a$art'ents
conssted of a lar&e dra8n&Croo'1 anteCroo'1 and t+ree bedroo'sG t 8as
s+a$ed l3e t+e letter :1 and eac+ end o$ened on a lar&e terrace. T+e +otel
8as 3e$t b" t8o 'en1 Rafaelle and %n&elo1 and t+e ser2ce of t+e roo's
8as cond)cted b" t+er 82es1 a fa'l" arran&e'ent 8+c+ 8or3ed
+ar'ono)sl" for t+e &)ests.
On t+e e2enn& n E)eston 8e left t+e dnn&Croo' before t+e tea 8as
fns+ed1 an#o)s1 after t+e +eat of t+e da"1 to enDo" t+e fres+ness and bea)t"
of t+e terrace. %fter a fe8 'o'ents1 I ret)rned to '" bedroo' to fetc+ a
candlestc3 and a s+a8l1 and so ')c+ dsl3ed &on& t+at I lotered
)nreasonabl" after I sad I 8o)ld &o. I entered t+e anteCroo' and $assed
t+ro)&+ t+e lon& dra8n&Croo'1 ts $orcelan tln& ec+on& '" ste$s 8t+ a
s+ar$ crea31 tll I reac+ed '" bedroo' door. One sde of t+e door stood
o$enG t 8as a door8a" d2ded n t8o1 or as t+e 4renc+ sa"1 a deu0
battants, and I resol2ed not to close t1 as I $erce2ed e2er"t+n& +ad been
$)t n order for t+e n&+t.
I &ot '" s+a8l and '" candlestc31 and 8as $re$arn& to ret)rn t+ro)&+
t+e dra8n&Croo'1 8+en1 on t)rnn& to8ards t+e +alfCo$en door1 I sa8 t
flled b" t+e f&)re of an old 8o'an. (+e stood 'otonless1 slent1
''o2able1 fra'ed b" t+e door8a"1 8t+ an e#$resson of des$arn&
sadness1 s)c+ as I +ad ne2er seen before. I don5t 3no8 8+" I 8as fr&+tened1
b)t so'e dea of ts ben& an 'becle or 'ad 8o'an flas+ed t+ro)&+ '"
'nd1 and n an )nreasonn& $anc I t)rned fro' t+e dra8n&Croo' door1
8t+ ts 'elanc+ol" f&)re1 and fled t+ro)&+ t+e bedroo's to t+e terrace. /"
da)&+ter1 on +earn& of '" fr&+t1 ret)rned to t+e roo's1 b)t all 8as n ts
8onted stllnessG not+n& 8as to be seen.
T+e ne#t 'ornn& I s$o3e to t+e 8o'en of t+e +o)se of t+e old 8o'an
8+o +ad co'e to '" roo'1 as I t+o)&+t s+e '&+t be n so'e 8a"
connected 8t+ t+e establs+'ent1 and t+e" 8ere ds'a"ed at '" acco)nt of
+er1 and ass)red 'e t+at t+ere 8as no one ans8ern& t+e descr$ton n t+e
+o)se. I $erce2ed t+ere 8as ')c+ consternaton ca)sed b" '" narraton1
b)t $ad lttle attenton to t at t+e t'e.
+ii,INM-
% fortn&+t after8ards 8e +ad a 2st fro' t+e $ars+ $rest1 a frend of
o)r landlord1 and t+e s$rt)al ad2ser of t+e fa'l". %t a loss for
con2ersaton1 I told +' of '" 2stor1 8+o arr2ed $)nct)all" at A o5cloc31
Qora dei de$unti. T+e $adre lstened to 'e 8t+ t+e &reatest &ra2t"1 and
sad1 after a $a)seJ/ada'1 "o) +a2e acc)ratel" descrbed t+e old
'stress of t+s +o)se1 8+o ded1 s# 'ont+s before "o) ca'e1 n t+e roo'
o2er "o)rs. T+e $eo$le of t+e +otel +a2e been alread" 8t+ 'e abo)t tG t
+as ca)sed t+e' ')c+ an#et" lest "o) s+o)ld lea2e1 and t+e" reco&nsed n
"o)r descr$ton t+e old $adrona1 as s+e 8as called.9
T+s e#$laned to 'e 2aro)s $resents of fr)t and s$ecal attentons I
+ad rece2ed. !ot+n& 'ore ca'e of t1 and I sa8 t+e a$$arton no 'ore. In
o)r 8al3s 8e loo3ed for e2en so'e se'blance of t+e dress n 8+c+ t+e
8o'an a$$eared1 b)t ne2er sa8 t. (+ort as '" &lance to8ards +er 8as1 I
co)ld +a2e $anted +er l3eness +ad I been an artst. (+e 8as $ale1 of t+e
t+c3 $allor of a&e1 cold &re" e"es1 stra&+t nose1 t+c3 bands of "ello8s+
&re" +ar crossn& +er fore+ead. (+e 8ore a lace ca$ 8t+ t+e border closel"
E)lted all ro)nd1 a 8+te +and3erc+ef crossed o2er +er c+est1 and a lon&
8+te a$ron. -er face 8as e#$ressonless1 b)t f#ed and sad. I co)ld not
t+n3 s+e +ad an" 3no8led&e of 8+ere s+e 8as1 or 8+o stood before +er1
and certanl"1 for brea3n& t+ro)&+ t+e barrer of t+e )nseen1 t 8as a 'ost
obDectless 2st.
I o)&+t to 'enton t+at I +ad no 3no8led&e of t+ere +a2n& been s)c+ a
$erson n e#stence )ntl +er l3eness stood at '" bedroo' door.
R%TE /. CLERRE.
In anot+er letter /rs. Cler3e states t+at as far as s+e 3ne81 t+e
a$$arton +ad not been seen a&an1 b)t t+at t+e 8o'en of t+e +o)se 8ere
afrad after8ards of entern& +er roo' alone. (+e addsJ
T+e $ec)lart" of t s '" lterall" descrbn& a $erson 8+o' I +ad
ne2er seen or 3no8n abo)t. E2er" one 8as o2er8+el'ed b" t+e $ortrat)re1
e2en a lad" 8+o +ad seen t+e old 'stress.
/r. Pod'ore adds t+e follo8n& notes of an nter2e8 8t+ /rs. Cler3e.
August *?th, *AA<.
Called on /rs. Cler3e toda". (+e told 'e t+at s+e +ad ne2er bele2ed n
&+osts before1 and no8 bele2ed n 2er" fe8 besdes +er o8n. (+e 8as E)te
s)re t+at t+e descr$ton s+e &a2e of t+e f&)re 8as detaled eno)&+ to be
reco&nsed. Indeed1 t+e dress as s+e sa8 t1 t+o)&+ l3e t+at act)all" 8orn b"
t+e old 'stress1 8as not a co''on one n t+e dstrct. /rs. Cler3e ne2er
sa8 one at all l3e t n Ital". 6+en s+e sa8 t+e f&)re1 t+e dress str)c3 +er
as ben& l3e t+at of an old Irs+ n)rse of +ers1 and s+e told +er da)&+ter so1
8+en s+e reDoned t+e'1 addn& t+at t+e face 8as E)te )nl3e t+e n)rse5s.
/ss Cler3e confr'ed t+s state'ent to 'e.
/rs. Cler3e ad'tted t+at t 8o)ld +a2e been E)te $ossble for t+e
f&)re 8+c+ s+e sa81 +ad t been t+at of a real 8o'an1 to +a2e esca$ed. (+e
s1 +o8e2er1 E)te con2nced t+at s+e sa8 a &+ostG $artl" beca)se of t+e
rese'blance1 $artl" beca)se of t+e )nreasonable terror 8+c+ seNed +er
8+en s+e sa8 t+e f&)re1 for s+e s not a ner2o)s 8o'an nat)rall".
T+ere 8ere no noses or ot+er dst)rbances n t+e +o)se d)rn& t+er
sta".
4.P.
+ii,INN-
*+* A . T+e ne#t case (ta3en fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .=) s
an nstance of a 3nd of a)dtor" +all)cnaton1 t+e +earn& of ')sc1 t+at
see's to occ)r ')c+ 'ore rarel" t+an t+e +earn& of 2oces. (o'e s'lar
casesalso assocated 8t+ deat+s8ere $)bls+ed n &hantasms o$ the
.iving. ((ee 2ol. . $$. ..* and ..;.) T+e fact t+at t+e so)nds 8ere +eard
collect2el" s)&&ests at frst s&+t t+at t+e" 'a" +a2e been realan
e#$lanaton 8+c+ t s al8a"s 'ore dffc)lt to e#cl)de n a)dtor" t+an n
2s)al cases. B)t t+e 8+ole crc)'stances1 8+en closel" e#a'ned1 'a3e
t+s e#$lanaton an e#tre'el" )nl3el" one.
T+e follo8n& acco)nt 8as &2en b" /ss -orne1 da)&+ter of t+e
$erc$ent1 n a letter to 8+c+ /rs. -orne5s s&nat)re 8as after8ards added1
so t+at t+e acco)nt1 t+o)&+ 8rtten n t+e t+rd $erson1 s reall" a frstC+and
one.
?>A :!IO! (TREET1 %BER,EE!1 November .?th, *A@>.
It s nearl" t+rt" "ears a&o no81 b)t t s as 22dl" '$ressed on +er
'e'or"1 as f t +ad +a$$ened "esterda".
(+e 8as sttn& n t+e dnn&Croo' (n a selfCcontaned +o)se)1 8+c+
8as be+nd t+e dra8n&Croo'1 8t+ 7a'e1 '" eldest brot+er1 on +er 3nee1
8+o 8as t+en a bab" scarcel" t8o "ears old. T+e n)rse +ad &one o)t for t+e
afternoon1 and t+ere 8as no one n t+e +o)se e#ce$t t+e 'ad do8nstars.
T+e doors of t+e dnn&Croo' and dra8n&Croo' bot+ +a$$ened to be o$en
at t+e t'e. %ll at once s+e +eard t+e 'ost d2ne ')sc1 2er" sad and s8eet1
8+c+ lasted for abo)t t8o 'n)tes1 t+en &rad)all" ded a8a". /" brot+er
D)'$ed fro' 'a''a5s 3nee1 e#cla'n& Pa$aZ $a$a19 and ran t+ro)&+ to
t+e dra8n&Croo'. /a''a felt as f s+e co)ld not 'o2e and ran& t+e bell
for t+e ser2ant1 8+o' s+e told to &o and see 8+o 8as n t+e dra8n&Croo'.
6+en s+e 8ent nto t+e roo'1 s+e fo)nd '" brot+er standn& besde t+e
$ano and sa"n& !o $a$aZ9 6+" t+e c+ld s+o)ld +a2e e#cla'ed t+ese
8ords 8as t+at $a$a 8as 2er" ')scal1 and )sed often to &o stra&+t to t+e
$ano 8+en +e ca'e +o'e. ()c+ 8as t+e '$resson on 'a''a t+at s+e
noted t+e t'e to a minute, and s# 8ee3s after s+e rece2ed a letter sa"n&
+er sster +ad ded at t+e Ca$e1 and t+e t'e corres$onded e#actl" to t+e
'n)te t+at s+e +ad +eard t+e ')sc. I 'a" tell "o) t+at '" a)nt 8as a 2er"
fne ')scan.
L/ssM E/ILY /. -OR!E.
((&ned) ,ece'ber **t+1 *A@>. L/R(.M ELIV% -OR!E.
In ans8er to f)rt+er nE)res1 /ss -orne 8roteJ
*ecember **th, *A@>.
I a' sorr" to sa" t+e note1 8+c+ 'a''a too3 at t+e t'e1 +as been lost1
t+o)&+ s+e +ad t for 'ore t+an t8ent" "ears after t+e e2ent occ)rred.
T+e na'e of '" a)nt 8as /ar" (o$+a In&les1 s+e ded on t+e .>t+
4ebr)ar" *AB*1 at ,)rban1 !atal.Y /a''a bds 'e sa" t+at +er note
corres$onded not onl" to t+e +o)r b)t to t+e minute of +er sster5s deat+.
T+s acco)nt s follo8ed n t+e sa'e 1ourna b" anot+er case of a
collect2e +all)cnaton of ')sc +eard a fe8 +o)rs after t+e f)neral of a
')scan.
*,1 A . T+e follo8n& case s n so'e res$ects one of t+e 'ost
re'ar3able +ii,INO- and best a)t+entcated nstances of +a)ntn&9 on
record1 alt+o)&+1 as 8ll be seen1 t+e e2dence for t+e dentt" of t+e
a$$arton s nconcl)s2e. T+e case 8as f)ll" descrbed n a $a$er enttled
Record of a -a)nted -o)se19 b" /ss R. C. /orton1 n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;**K;;.. Besdes t+e acco)nt of t+e $rnc$al
$erc$ent1 /ss R. C. /orton1 t+e $a$er contans nde$endent frstC+and
state'ents fro' s# ot+er 8tnesses1a frend1 /ss Ca'$bell1 a sster and
brot+er of /ss /orton5s 8+o l2ed n t+e +o)se1 and a 'arred sster 8+o
2sted t+ere1 and t8o for'er ser2antsG also $lans of t+e 8+ole +o)se. 4or
t+e f)ll detals I ')st refer t+e reader to t+e or&nal $a$erG I +a2e s$ace +ere
onl" for abbre2ated e#tracts fro' /ss /orton5s acco)nt.
%n acco)nt of t+e case frst ca'e nto '" +ands n ,ece'ber *AA<1 and
t+s 8t+ /ss /orton5s letters to +er frend1 /ss Ca'$bell1 are t+e earlest
8rtten records. On /a" *st1 *AAB1 I called )$on Ca$tan /orton at t+e
+a)nted +o)se19 and after8ards 2sted +' at nter2als1 and too3 notes of
8+at +e told 'e. I also sa8 /ss /orton and /ss E. /orton1 and t+e t8o
for'er ser2ants 8+ose acco)nts are &2en n /ss /orton5s $a$er. T+e
$+eno'ena as seen or +eard b" all t+e 8tnesses 8ere 2er" )nfor' n
c+aracter1 e2en n t+e n)'ero)s nstances 8+ere t+ere +ad been no $re2o)s
co'')ncaton bet8een t+e $erc$ents. /ss /orton s a lad" of scentfc
trann&1 and 8as at t+e t'e +er acco)nt 8as 8rtten (n %$rl1 *A@.)
$re$arn& to be a $+"scan. T+e na'e /orton9 s s)bstt)ted for t+e real
fa'l" na'e. 6t+ t+at e#ce$ton t+e na'es and ntals are t+e tr)e ones.
%fter descrbn& t+e +o)se and &arden1 /ss /orton $roceedsJ
It 8as b)lt abo)t t+e "ear *AB>G t+e frst occ)$ant 8as /r. (.1 an
%n&loCIndan1 8+o l2ed n t for abo)t s#teen "ears. ,)rn& t+s t'e1 n
t+e 'ont+ of %)&)st1 "ear )ncertan1 +e lost +s 8fe1 to 8+o' +e 8as
$assonatel" attac+ed1 and to dro8n +s &ref too3 to drn3n&. %bo)t t8o
"ears later1 /r. (. 'arred a&an. -s second 8fe1 a /ss I. -.1 8as n
+o$es of c)rn& +' of +s nte'$erate +abts1 b)t nstead s+e also too3 to
drn3n&1 and t+er 'arred lfe 8as e'bttered b" constant E)arrels1
freE)entl" res)ltn& n 2olent scenes. T+e c+ef s)bDects of ds$)te 8ere t+e
'ana&e'ent of t+e c+ldren (t8o &rls1 and et+er one or t8o bo"s1 all E)te
"o)n&) of t+e frst /rs. (.1 and t+e $ossesson of +er De8eller"1 to $reser2e
8+c+ for +er c+ldren1 /r. (. +ad so'e of t+e boards n t+e s'all front
sttn&Croo' ta3en )$ b" a local car$enter and t+e De8els nserted n t+e
rece$tacle so for'ed. 4nall"1 a fe8 'ont+s before /r. (.5s deat+1 on 7)l"
*<t+1 *A=B1 +s 8fe se$arated fro' +' and 8ent to l2e n Clfton. (+e 8as
not $resent at t+e t'e of +s deat+1 nor1 as far as s 3no8n1 8as s+e e2er at
t+e +o)se after8ards. (+e ded on (e$te'ber .;rd1 *A=A.
%fter /r. (.5s deat+ t+e +o)se 8as bo)&+t b" /r. L.1 an elderl"
&entle'an1 8+o ded rat+er s)ddenl" 8t+n s# 'ont+s of &on& nto t. T+e
+o)se t+en re'aned e'$t" for so'e "ears$robabl" fo)r.
,)rn& t+s t'e t+ere s no drect e2dence of +a)ntn&1 b)t 8+en
nE)r" 8as 'ade later on ')c+ +earsa" e2dence 8as bro)&+t for8ard. In
%$rl *AA.1 t+e +o)se 8as let b" t+e re$resentat2es of t+e late /r. L. to
Ca$tan +ii,IOP- /orton1 and t s d)rn& +s tenanc" (not "et ter'nated)
t+at t+e a$$earances recorded +a2e ta3en $lace.
T+e fa'l" conssts of Ca$tan /. +'selfG +s 8fe1 8+o s a &reat
n2aldG net+er of 8+o' sa8 an"t+n&G a 'arred da)&+ter1 /rs. R.1 t+en
abo)t t8ent"Cs#1 8+o 8as onl" a 2stor fro' t'e to t'e1 so'et'es 8t+1
b)t 'ore often 8t+o)t1 +er +)sbandG fo)r )n'arred da)&+ters1 '"self1
t+en a&ed nneteen1 8+o 8as t+e c+ef $erc$ent and no8 &2e t+e c+ef
acco)nt of t+e a$$artonG E. /orton1 t+en a&ed e&+teenG L. and /. /orton1
t+en ffteen and t+rteenG t8o sons1 one of s#teen1 8+o 8as absent d)rn&
t+e &reater $art of t+e t'e 8+en t+e a$$arton 8as seenG t+e ot+er1 t+en s#
"ears old.
/" fat+er too3 t+e +o)se n /arc+ *AA.1 none of )s +a2n& t+en +eard
of an"t+n& )n)s)al abo)t t+e +o)se. 6e 'o2ed n to8ards t+e end of %$rl1
and t 8as not )ntl t+e follo8n& 7)ne t+at I frst sa8 t+e a$$arton.
I +ad &one )$ to '" roo'1 b)t 8as not "et n bed1 8+en I +eard so'e
one at t+e door1 and 8ent to t1 t+n3n& t '&+t be '" 'ot+er. On o$enn&
t+e door1 I sa8 no oneG b)t on &on& a fe8 ste$s alon& t+e $assa&e1 I sa8 t+e
f&)re of a tall lad"1 dressed n blac31 standn& at t+e +ead of t+e stars. %fter
a fe8 'o'ents s+e descended t+e stars1 and I follo8ed for a s+ort dstance1
feeln& c)ro)s 8+at t co)ld be. I +ad onl" a s'all $ece of candle1 and t
s)ddenl" b)rnt tself o)tG and ben& )nable to see 'ore1 I 8ent bac3 to '"
roo'.
T+e f&)re 8as t+at of a tall lad"1 dressed n blac3 of a soft 8oollen
'ateral1 D)d&n& fro' t+e sl&+t so)nd n 'o2n&. T+e face 8as +dden n a
+and3erc+ef +eld n t+e r&+t +and. T+s s all I notced t+enG b)t on f)rt+er
occasons1 8+en I 8as able to obser2e +er 'ore closel"1 I sa8 t+e )$$er $art
of t+e left sde of t+e fore+ead1 and a lttle of t+e +ar abo2e. -er left +and
8as nearl" +dden b" +er slee2e and a fold of +er dress. %s s+e +eld t do8n
a $orton of a 8do85s c)ff 8as 2sble on bot+ 8rsts1 so t+at t+e 8+ole
'$resson 8as t+at of a lad" n 8do85s 8eeds. T+ere 8as no ca$ on t+e
+ead b)t a &eneral effect of blac3ness s)&&ests a bonnet1 8t+ lon& 2el or a
+ood.
,)rn& t+e ne#t t8o "earsfro' *AA. to *AA<I sa8 t+e f&)re abo)t
+alfCaCdoNen t'esG at frst at lon& nter2als1 and after8ards at s+orter1 b)t I
onl" 'entoned t+ese a$$earances to one frend1 8+o dd not s$ea3 of t+e'
to an" one. ,)rn& t+s $erod1 as far as 8e 3no81 t+ere 8ere onl" t+ree
a$$earances to an" one else.
*. In t+e s)''er of *AA. to '" sster1 /rs. R.1 8+en t+e f&)re 8as
t+o)&+t to be t+at of a (ster of /erc" 8+o +ad called at t+e +o)se1 and no
f)rt+er c)rost" 8as aro)sed. (+e 8as co'n& do8n t+e stars rat+er late
for dnner at B.;>1 t ben& t+en E)te l&+t1 8+en s+e sa8 t+e f&)re cross
t+e +all n front of +er1 and $ass nto t+e dra8n&Croo'. (+e t+en as3ed t+e
rest of )s1 alread" seated at dnner1 6+o 8as t+at (ster of /erc" 8+o' I
+a2e D)st seen &on& nto t+e dra8n&Croo'W9 (+e 8as told t+ere 8as no
s)c+ $erson1 and a ser2ant 8as sent to loo3G b)t t+e dra8n&Croo' 8as
e'$t"1 and s+e 8as s)re no one +ad co'e n. /rs. R. $erssted t+at s+e +ad
seen a tall f&)re n blac31 8t+ so'e 8+te abo)t tG b)t not+n& f)rt+er 8as
t+o)&+t of t+e 'atter.
.. In t+e a)t)'n of *AA; t 8as seen b" t+e +o)se'ad abo)t *> P./.1
s+e declarn& t+at so'e one +ad &ot nto t+e +o)se1 +er descr$ton a&reen&
farl" 8t+ 8+at I +ad seenG b)t as on searc+n& no one 8as fo)nd1 +er stor"
rece2ed no credt.
;. On or abo)t ,ece'ber *At+1 *AA;1 t 8as seen n t+e dra8n&Croo'
b" +ii,IOG- '" brot+er and anot+er lttle bo". T+e" 8ere $la"n& o)tsde on
t+e terrace 8+en t+e" sa8 t+e f&)re n t+e dra8n&Croo' close to t+e
8ndo81 and ran n to see 8+o t co)ld be t+at 8as cr"n& so btterl". T+e"
fo)nd no one n t+e dra8n&Croo'1 and t+e $arlo)rC'ad told t+e' t+at no
one +ad co'e nto t+e +o)se.
%fter t+e frst t'e1 I follo8ed t+e f&)re se2eral t'es do8nstars nto
t+e dra8n&Croo'1 8+ere s+e re'aned a 2arable t'e1 &enerall" standn&
to t+e r&+t +and sde of t+e bo8 8ndo8. 4ro' t+e dra8n&Croo' s+e 8ent
alon& t+e $assa&e to8ards t+e &arden door1 8+ere s+e al8a"s dsa$$eared.
T+e frst t'e I s$o3e to +er 8as on 7an)ar" .@t+1 *AA<. I o$ened t+e
dra8n&Croo' door softl" and 8ent n1 standn& D)st b" t. (+e ca'e n $ast
'e and 8al3ed to t+e sofa and stood stll t+ere1 so I 8ent )$ to +er and
as3ed +er f I co)ld +el$ +er. (+e 'o2ed1 and I t+o)&+t s+e 8as &on& to
s$ea31 b)t s+e onl" &a2e a sl&+t &as$ and 'o2ed to8ards t+e door. 7)st b"
t+e door I s$o3e to +er a&an1 b)t s+e see'ed as f s+e 8ere E)te )nable to
s$ea3. (+e 8al3ed nto t+e +all1 t+en b" t+e sde door s+e see'ed to
dsa$$ear as before.9 (X)oted fro' a letter 8rtten on 7an)ar" ;*st.) In /a"
and 7)ne1 *AA<1 I tred so'e e#$er'ents1 fastenn& strn&s 8t+ 'arne &l)e
across t+e stars at dfferent +e&+ts fro' t+e &ro)ndof 8+c+ I &2e a
'ore detaled acco)nt later on.
I also atte'$ted to to)c+ +er1 b)t s+e al8a"s el)ded 'e. It 8as not t+at
t+ere 8as not+n& t+ere to to)c+1 b)t t+at s+e al8a"s see'ed to be beyond
'e1 and f follo8ed nto a corner1 s'$l" dsa$$eared.
,)rn& t+ese t8o "ears t+e onl" noises I +eard 8ere t+ose of sl&+t
$)s+es a&anst '" bedroo' door1 acco'$aned b" footste$sG and f I loo3ed
o)t on +earn& t+ese so)nds1 I n2arabl" sa8 t+e f&)re. -er footste$ s
2er" l&+t1 "o) can +ardl" +ear t1 e#ce$t on t+e lnole)'1 and t+en onl" l3e
a $erson 8al3n& softl" 8t+ t+n boots on.9 (Letter on 7an)ar" ;*st1 *AA<.)
T+e a$$earances d)rn& t+e ne#t t8o 'ont+s7)l" and %)&)st1 *AA<
beca'e ')c+ 'ore freE)entG ndeed t+e" 8ere t+en at t+er 'a#')'1 fro'
8+c+ t'e t+e" see' &rad)all" to +a2e decreased1 )ntl no8 t+e" see' to
+a2e ceased.
Of t+ese t8o 'ont+s I +a2e a s+ort record n a set of Do)rnal letters
8rtten at t+e t'e to a frend. On 7)l" .*st I fnd t+e follo8n& acco)nt. I
8ent nto t+e dra8n&Croo'1 8+ere '" fat+er and ssters 8ere sttn&1 abo)t
nne n t+e e2enn&1 and sat do8n on a co)c+ close to t+e bo8 8ndo8. %
fe8 'n)tes after1 as I sat readn&1 I sa8 t+e f&)re co'e n at t+e o$en
door1 cross t+e roo' and ta3e )$ a $oston close be+nd t+e co)c+ 8+ere I
8as. I 8as astons+ed t+at no one else n t+e roo' sa8 +er1 as s+e 8as so
2er" dstnct to 'e. /" "o)n&est brot+er1 8+o +ad before seen +er1 8as not
n t+e roo'. (+e stood be+nd t+e co)c+ for abo)t +alfCanC+o)r1 and t+en as
)s)al 8al3ed to t+e door. I 8ent after +er1 on t+e e#c)se of &ettn& a boo31
and sa8 +er $ass alon& t+e +all1 )ntl s+e ca'e to t+e &arden door1 8+ere
s+e dsa$$eared. I s$o3e to +er as s+e $assed t+e foot of t+e stars1 b)t s+e
dd not ans8er1 alt+o)&+ as before s+e sto$$ed and see'ed as t+o)&+ about
to s$ea3.9 On 7)l" ;*st1 so'e t'e after I +ad &one )$ to bed1 '" second
sster E.1 8+o +ad re'aned do8nstars tal3n& n anot+er sster5s roo'1
ca'e to 'e sa"n& t+at so'e one +ad $assed +er on t+e stars. I tred t+en to
$ers)ade +er t+at t 8as one of t+e ser2ants1 b)t ne#t 'ornn& fo)nd t co)ld
not +a2e been so1 as none of t+e' +ad been o)t of t+er roo's at t+at +o)r1
and E.5s 'ore detaled descr$ton talled 8t+ 8+at I +ad alread" seen.
+ii,IOH-
On t+e n&+t of %)&)st *st1 I a&an sa8 t+e f&)re. I +eard t+e footste$s
o)tsde on t+e landn& abo)t . %./. I &ot )$ at once1 and 8ent o)tsde. (+e
8as t+en at t+e end of t+e landn& at t+e to$ of t+e stars1 8t+ +er sde 2e8
to8ards 'e. (+e stood t+ere so'e 'n)tes1 t+en 8ent do8nstars1 sto$$n&
a&an 8+en s+e reac+ed t+e +all belo8. I o$ened t+e dra8n&Croo' door and
s+e 8ent n1 8al3ed across t+e roo' to t+e co)c+ n t+e bo8 8ndo81 sta"ed
t+ere a lttle1 t+en ca'e o)t of t+e roo'1 8ent alon& t+e $assa&e1 and
dsa$$eared b" t+e &arden door. I s$o3e to +er a&an1 b)t s+e dd not
ans8er.
On t+e n&+t of %)&)st .nd t+e footste$s 8ere +eard b" '" t+ree ssters
and b" t+e coo31 all of 8+o' sle$t on t+e to$ landn&also b" '" 'arred
sster1 /rs. R.1 8+o 8as slee$n& on t+e floor belo8. T+e" all sad t+e ne#t
'ornn& t+at t+e" +ad +eard t+e' 2er" $lanl" $ass and re$ass t+er doors.
T+e coo3 8as a 'ddleCa&ed and 2er" sensble $ersonG on '" as3n& +er t+e
follo8n& 'ornn& f an" of t+e ser2ants +ad been o)t of t+er roo's t+e
n&+t before1 after co'n& )$ to bed1 s+e told 'e t+at s+e +ad +eard t+ese
footste$s before1 and t+at s+e +ad seen t+e f&)re on t+e stars one n&+t
8+en &on& do8n to t+e 3tc+en to fetc+ +ot 8ater after t+e ser2ants +ad
co'e )$ to bed. (+e descrbed t as a lad" n 8do85s dress1 tall and sl&+t1
8t+ +er face +dden n a +and3erc+ef +eld n +er r&+t +and. :nfort)natel"
8e +a2e snce lost s&+t of t+s ser2antG s+e left )s abo)t a "ear after8ards
on +er 'ot+er5s deat+1 and 8e cannot no8 trace +er. (+e also sa8 t+e f&)re
o)tsde t+e 3tc+en 8ndo8s on t+e terraceC8al31 s+e +erself ben& n t+e
3tc+enG t 8as t+en abo)t ele2en n t+e 'ornn&1 b)t +a2n& no note of t+e
occ)rrence1 I cannot no8 re'e'ber 8+et+er t+s a$$earance 8as
s)bseE)ent to t+e one abo2e 'entoned.
T+ese footste$s are 2er" c+aracterstc1 and are not at all l3e t+ose of
an" of t+e $eo$le n t+e +o)seG t+e" are soft and rat+er slo81 t+o)&+ decded
and e2en. /" ssters 8o)ld not &o o)t on t+e landn& after +earn& t+e'
$ass1 nor 8o)ld t+e ser2ants1 b)t eac+ t'e 8+en I +a2e &one o)t after
+earn& t+e'1 I +a2e seen t+e f&)re t+ere.
On %)&)st ?t+ I told '" fat+er abo)t +er and 8+at 8e +ad seen and
+eard. -e 8as ')c+ astons+ed1 not +a2n& seen or +eard an"t+n& +'self
at t+at t'enet+er t+en +ad '" 'ot+er1 b)t s+e s sl&+tl" deaf1 and s an
n2ald. -e 'ade nE)res of t+e landlord (8+o t+en l2ed close b") as to
8+et+er +e 3ne8 of an"t+n& )n)s)al abo)t t+e +o)se1 as +e +ad +'self
l2ed n t for a s+ort t'e1 b)t +e re$led t+at +e +ad onl" been t+ere for
t+ree 'ont+s1 and +ad ne2er seen an"t+n& )n)s)al.Y
On t+e e2enn& of %)&)st **t+ 8e 8ere sttn& n t+e dra8n&Croo'
8t+ t+e &as lt b)t t+e s+)tters not s+)t1 t+e l&+t o)tsde &ettn& d)s31 '"
brot+ers and a frend +a2n& D)st &2en )$ tenns1 fndn& t too dar3G '"
eldest sster1 /rs. R.1 and '"self bot+ sa8 t+e f&)re on t+e balcon" o)tsde1
loo3n& n at t+e 8ndo8. (+e stood t+ere so'e 'n)tes1 t+en 8al3ed to t+e
end and bac3 a&an1 after 8+c+ s+e see'ed to dsa$$ear. (+e soon after
ca'e nto t+e dra8n&Croo'1 8+en I sa8 +er1 b)t '" sster dd not. T+e
sa'e e2enn& '" sster E. sa8 +er on t+e stars as s+e ca'e o)t of a roo'
on t+e )$$er landn&.
T+e follo8n& e2enn&1 %)&)st *.t+1 8+le co'n& )$ t+e &arden1 I
8al3ed to8ards t+e orc+ard1 8+en I sa8 t+e f&)re cross t+e orc+ard1 &o
alon& t+e carra&e dr2e n front of t+e +o)se1 and n at t+e o$en sde door1
across t+e +ii,IOI- +all and nto t+e dra8n&Croo'1 I follo8n&. (+e crossed
t+e dra8n&Croo' and too3 )$ +er )s)al $oston be+nd t+e co)c+ n t+e
bo8 8ndo8. /" fat+er ca'e n soon after1 and I told +' s+e 8as t+ere.
-e co)ld not see t+e f&)re1 b)t 8ent )$ to 8+ere I s+o8ed +' s+e 8as.
(+e t+en 8ent s8ftl" ro)nd be+nd +'1 across t+e roo'1 o)t of t+e door1
and alon& t+e +all1 dsa$$earn& as )s)al near t+e &arden door1 8e bot+
follo8n& +er. 6e loo3ed o)t nto t+e &arden1 +a2n& frst to )nloc3 t+e
&arden door1 8+c+ '" fat+er +ad loc3ed as +e ca'e t+ro)&+1 b)t sa8
not+n& of +er.
On %)&)st *.t+1 abo)t A P./.1 and stll E)te l&+t1 '" sster E. 8as
sn&n& n t+e bac3 dra8n&Croo'. I +eard +er sto$ abr)$tl"1 co'e o)t nto
t+e +all1 and call 'e. (+e sad s+e +ad seen t+e f&)re n t+e dra8n&Croo'
close be+nd +er as s+e sat at t+e $ano. I 8ent bac3 nto t+e roo' 8t+ +er
and sa8 t+e f&)re n t+e bo8 8ndo8 n +er )s)al $lace. I s$o3e to +er
se2eral t'es1 b)t +ad no ans8er. (+e stood t+ere for abo)t ten 'n)tes or a
E)arter of an +o)rG t+en 8ent across t+e roo' to t+e door1 and alon& t+e
$assa&e1 dsa$$earn& n t+e sa'e $lace b" t+e &arden door.
/" sster /. t+en ca'e n fro' t+e &arden1 sa"n& s+e +ad seen +er
co'n& )$ t+e 3tc+en ste$s o)tsde. 6e all t+ree t+en 8ent o)t nto t+e
&arden1 8+en /rs. R. called o)t fro' a 8ndo8 on t+e frst store" t+at s+e
+ad D)st seen +er $ass across t+e la8n n front and alon& t+e carra&e dr2e
to8ards t+e orc+ard. T+s e2enn&1 t+en1 alto&et+er fo)r $eo$le sa8 +er. /"
fat+er 8as t+en a8a"1 and '" "o)n&est brot+er 8as o)t.
On t+e 'ornn& of %)&)st *<t+ t+e $arlo)rC'ad sa8 +er n t+e dnn&C
roo'1 abo)t A.;> %./.1 +a2n& &one nto t+e roo' to o$en t+e s+)tters. T+e
roo' s 2er" s)nn"1 and e2en 8t+ all t+e s+)tters closed t s E)te l&+t1 t+e
s+)tters not fttn& 8ell1 and lettn& s)nl&+t t+ro)&+ t+e crac3s. (+e +ad
o$ened one s+)tter1 8+en1 on t)rnn& ro)nd1 s+e sa8 t+e f&)re cross t+e
roo'. 6e 8ere all on t+e loo3Co)t for +er t+at e2enn&1 b)t sa8 not+n&G n
fact1 8+ene2er 8e +ad 'ade arran&e'ents to 8atc+1 and 8ere es$ecall"
e#$ectn& +er1 8e ne2er sa8 an"t+n&. T+s ser2ant1 8+o after8ards
'arred1 8as nter2e8ed b" /r. /"ers at +er o8n +o)se.Y
On %)&)st *@t+ 8e all 8ent to t+e seasde1 and 8ere a8a" a 'ont+1
lea2n& t+ree ser2ants n t+e +o)se.
6+en 8e ca'e bac3 t+e" sad t+at t+e" +ad +eard footste$s and noses
freE)entl"1 b)t as t+e starCcar$ets 8ere )$ $art of t+e t'e and t+e +o)se
8as e'$t"1 'an" of t+ese noses 8ere do)btless d)e to nat)ral ca)ses1
t+o)&+ b" t+e' attrb)ted to t+e f&)re.
T+e coo3 also s$o3e of seen& t+e f&)re n t+e &arden1 standn& b" a
stone 2ase on t+e la8n be+nd t+e +o)se.
,)rn& t+e rest of t+at "ear and t+e follo8n&1 *AA?1 t+e a$$arton 8as
freE)entl" seen t+ro)&+ eac+ "ear1 es$ecall" d)rn& 7)l"1 %)&)st1 and
(e$te'ber. In t+ese 'ont+s t+e t+ree deat+s too3 $lace1 2N.J/r. (.1 on
7)l" *<t+1 *A=BG t+e frst /rs. (. n %)&)st1 and t+e second /rs. (. on
(e$te'ber .;rd.
T+e a$$artons 8ere of e#actl" t+e sa'e t"$e1 seen n t+e sa'e $laces
and b" t+e sa'e $eo$le1 at 2ar"n& nter2als.
T+e footste$s contn)ed1 and 8ere +eard b" se2eral 2stors and ne8
ser2ants 8+o +ad ta3en t+e $laces of t+ose 8+o +ad left1 as 8ell as b"
'"self1 fo)r ssters and brot+erG n all b" abo)t t8ent" $eo$le1 'an" of
t+e' not +a2n& $re2o)sl" +eard of t+e a$$arton or so)nds.
+ii,IOJ-
Ot+er so)nds 8ere also +eard n addton 8+c+ see'ed &rad)all" to
ncrease n ntenst". T+e" conssted of 8al3n& )$ and do8n on t+e secondC
floor landn&1 of b)'$s a&anst t+e doors of t+e bedroo's1 and of t+e
+andles of t+e doors t)rnn&.Y
,)rn& t+s "ear1 at /r. /"ers5s s)&&eston1 I 3e$t a $+oto&ra$+c
ca'era constantl" read" to tr" to $+oto&ra$+ t+e f&)re1 b)t on t+e fe8
occasons I 8as able to do so1 I &ot no res)ltG at n&+t1 )s)all" onl" b"
candleCl&+t1 a lon& e#$os)re 8o)ld be necessar" for so dar3 a f&)re1 and
t+s I co)ld not obtan. I also tred to co'')ncate 8t+ t+e f&)re1
constantl" s$ea3n& to t and as3n& t to 'a3e s&ns1 f not able to s$ea31
b)t 8t+ no res)lt. I also tred es$ecall" to touch +er1 b)t dd not s)cceed.
On cornern& +er1 as I dd once or t8ce1 s+e dsa$$eared.
(o'e t'e n t+e s)''er of t+s "ear (*AAB)1 /rs. T8nn&1 o)r re&)lar
c+ar8o'an1 sa8 t+e f&)re1 8+le 8atn& n t+e +all at t+e door leadn& to
t+e 3tc+en stars1 for +er $a"'ent. :ntl t s)ddenl" 2ans+ed fro' +er
s&+t1 as no real f&)re co)ld +a2e done1 s+e t+o)&+t t 8as a lad" 2stor
8+o +ad 'sta3en +er 8a". /r. /"ers nter2e8ed +er on ,ece'ber .@t+1
*AA@1 and +as +er se$arate acco)nt.
On one n&+t n 7)l" *AAB ('" fat+er and I ben& a8a" fro' +o'e)1 '"
'ot+er and +er 'ad +eard a lo)d nose n an )nocc)$ed roo' o2er t+er
+eads. T+e" 8ent )$1 b)t seen& not+n& and t+e nose ceasn&1 t+e" 8ent
bac3 to '" 'ot+er5s roo' on t+e frst store". T+e" t+en +eard lo)d noses
fro' t+e 'ornn&Croo' on t+e &ro)nd floor. T+e" t+en 8ent +alfC8a"
do8nstars1 8+en t+e" sa8 a br&+t l&+t n t+e +all beneat+. Ben& alar'ed1
t+e" 8ent )$ to '" sster E.1 8+o t+en ca'e do8n1 and t+e" all t+ree
e#a'ned t+e doors1 8ndo8s1 &c.1 and fo)nd t+e' all fastened as )s)al.
/" 'ot+er and +er 'ad t+en 8ent to bed. /" sster E. 8ent )$ to +er roo'
on t+e second store"1 b)t as s+e $assed t+e roo' 8+ere '" t8o ssters L.
and /. 8ere slee$n&1 t+e" o$ened t+er door to sa" t+at t+e" +ad +eard
noses1 and also seen 8+at t+e" descrbed as t+e $ame of a candle1 8t+o)t
candle or +and 2sble1 cross t+e roo' da&onall" fro' corner to door. T8o
of t+e 'ads o$ened t+e doors of t+er t8o bedroo's1 and sad t+at t+e" +ad
also +eard nosesG t+e" all f2e stood at t+er doors 8t+ t+er l&+ted candles
for so'e lttle t'e. T+e" all +eard ste$s 8al3n& )$ and do8n t+e landn&
bet8een t+e'G as t+e" $assed t+e" felt a sensaton 8+c+ t+e" descrbed as
a cold 8nd19 t+o)&+ t+er candles 8ere not blo8n abo)t. T+e" sa#
not+n&. T+e ste$s t+en descended t+e stars1 reCascended1 a&an descended1
and dd not ret)rn.
In t+e co)rse of t+e follo8n& a)t)'n 8e +eard tradtons of earler
+a)ntn&1 t+o)&+1 )nfort)natel"1 n no case 8ere 8e able to &et a frstC+and
acco)nt.Y
6e also no8 +eard fro' a car$enter 8+o +ad done Dobs n t+e +o)se n
/rs. (.5s t'e1 t+at /rs. (. +ad 8s+ed to $ossess +erself of t+e frst /rs.
(.5s De8els. -er +)sband +ad called +' n to 'a3e a rece$tacle )nder t+e
boards n t+e 'ornn&Croo' on t+e &ro)ndCfloor1 n 8+c+ rece$tacle +e
$laced t+e De8els1 and t+en +ad t naled do8n and t+e car$et re$laced. T+e
car$enter s+o8ed )s t+e $lace. /" fat+er 'ade +' ta3e )$ t+e boardsG t+e
rece$tacle 8as t+ere1 b)t e'$t".Y
,)rn& t+e ne#t t8o "ears1 *AA= to *AA@1 t+e f&)re 8as 2er" seldo'
seen1 t+o)&+ footste$s 8ere +eardG t+e lo)der noses +ad &rad)all" ceased.
4ro' +ii,IOK- *AA@ to t+e $resent1 *A@.1 so far as I 3no81 t+e f&)re +as not
been seen at allG t+e l&+ter footste$s lasted a lttle lon&er1 b)t e2en t+e"
+a2e no8 ceased. T+e f&)re beca'e ')c+ less s)bstantal on ts later
a$$earances. :$ to abo)t *AAB t 8as so sold and lfeCl3e t+at t 8as often
'sta3en for a real $erson. It &rad)all" beca'e less dstnct. %t all t'es t
nterce$ted t+e l&+tG 8e +a2e not been able to ascertan f t cast a s+ado8.
&roo$s o$ (mmateriaity.
*. I +a2e se2eral t'es fastened fne strn&s across t+e stars at 2aro)s
+e&+ts before &on& to bed1 b)t after all ot+ers +a2e &one )$ to t+er roo's.
T+ese 8ere fastened n t+e follo8n& 8a"J I 'ade s'all $ellets of 'arne
&l)e1 nto 8+c+ I nserted t+e ends of t+e cord1 t+en st)c3 one $ellet l&+tl"
a&anst t+e 8all and t+e ot+er to t+e banster1 t+e strn& ben& t+)s stretc+ed
across t+e stars. T+e" 8ere 3noc3ed do8n b" a 2er" sl&+t to)c+1 and "et
8o)ld not be felt b" an" one $assn& )$ or do8n t+e stars1 and b" candleC
l&+t co)ld not be seen fro' belo8. T+e" 8ere $)t at 2aro)s +e&+ts fro'
t+e &ro)nd fro' s# nc+es to t+e +e&+t of t+e bansters1 abo)t t+ree feet. I
+a2e t8ce at least seen t+e f&)re $ass t+ro)&+ t+e cords1 lea2n& t+e'
ntact.
.. T+e s)dden and co'$lete dsa$$earance of t+e f&)re1 8+le stll n
f)ll 2e8.
;. T+e '$ossblt" of to)c+n& t+e f&)re. I +a2e re$eatedl" follo8ed t
nto a corner1 8+en t dsa$$eared1 and +a2e tred to s)ddenl" $o)nce )$on
t1 b)t +a2e ne2er s)cceeded n to)c+n& t or &ettn& '" +and )$ to t1 t+e
f&)re el)dn& '" to)c+.
<. It +as a$$eared n a roo' 8t+ t+e doors s+)t.
On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e f&)re 8as not called )$ b" a desre to see t1 for
on e2er" occason 8+en 8e +ad 'ade s$ecal arran&e'ents to 8atc+ for t1
8e ne2er sa8 t. On se2eral occasons 8e +a2e sat )$ at n&+t +o$n& to see
t1 b)t n 2an1'" fat+er1 8t+ '" brot+erCnCla81 '"self 8t+ a frend
t+ree or fo)r t'es1 an a)nt and '"self t8ce1 and '" ssters 8t+ frends
'ore t+an onceG b)t on none of t+ese occasons 8as an"t+n& seen. !or
+a2e t+e a$$earances been seen after 8e +a2e been tal3n& or t+n3n& ')c+
of t+e f&)re.
T+e f&)re +as been connected 8t+ t+e second /rs. (.G t+e &ro)nds for
8+c+ areJ
*. T+e co'$lete +stor" of t+e +o)se s 3no8n1 and f 8e are to connect
t+e f&)re 8t+ an" of t+e $re2o)s occ)$ants1 s+e s t+e onl" $erson 8+o n
an" 8a" rese'bled t+e f&)re.
.. T+e 8do85s &arb e#cl)des t+e frst /rs. (.
;. %lt+o)&+ none of )s +ad e2er seen t+e second /rs. (.1 se2eral $eo$le
8+o had 3no8n +er dentfed +er fro' o)r descr$ton. On ben& s+o8n a
$+otoCalb)' contann& a n)'ber of $ortrats1 I $c3ed o)t one of +er sster
as ben& 'ost l3e t+at of t+e f&)re1 and 8as after8ards told t+at t+e ssters
8ere ')c+ al3e.
<. -er ste$Cda)&+ter and ot+ers told )s t+at s+e es$ecall" )sed t+e front
dra8n&Croo' n 8+c+ s+e contn)all" a$$eared1 and t+at +er +abt)al seat
8as on a co)c+ $laced n a s'lar $oston to o)rs.
?. T+e f&)re s )ndo)btedl" connected 8t+ t+e +o)se1 none of t+e
$erc$ents +a2n& seen t an"8+ere else1 nor +ad an" ot+er +all)cnaton.
In 8rtn& t+e abo2e acco)nt1 '" 'e'or" of t+e occ)rrences +as been
+ii,IOL- lar&el" asssted b" reference to a set of Do)rnal letters 8rtten Lto
/ss Ca'$bellM at t+e t'e1 and b" notes of nter2e8s +eld b" /r. /"ers
8t+ '" fat+er and 2aro)s 'e'bers of o)r fa'l".
R. C. /ORTO!.
Of t+e acco)nts &2en b" t+e ot+er 8tnesses. I E)ote onl" $art of /ss
Ca'$bell5s state'ent1 as follo8sJ
== C-E(TERTO! RO%,1 !ORT- RE!(I!GTO!1 6.1
2arch ;*st, *A@..
YOn t+e n&+t on 8+c+ /ss /orton frst s$o3e to t+e f&)re1 as stated
n +er acco)nt1 I '"self sa8 +er tele$at+call". I 8as n '" roo' (I 8as
t+en resdn& n t+e !ort+ of En&land1 E)te one +)ndred 'les a8a" fro'
/ss /orton5s +o'e)1 $re$arn& for bed1 bet8een t8el2e and +alfC$ast1
8+en I see'ed s)ddenl" to be standn& close b" t+e door of t+e +o)se'ad5s
c)$board1 so facn& t+e s+ort fl&+t of stars leadn& to t+e to$ landn&.
Co'n& do8n t+ese stars1 I sa8 t+e f&)re1 e#actl" as descrbed1 and abo)t
t8o ste$s be+nd /ss /orton +erself1 8t+ a dressn&C&o8n t+ro8n loosel"
ro)nd +er1 and carr"n& a candle n +er +and. % lo)d nose n t+e roo'
o2er+ead recalled 'e to '" s)rro)ndn&s1 and alt+o)&+ I tred for so'e
t'e I co)ld not res)'e t+e '$resson. T+e blac3 dress1 dar3 +eadC&ear1
8do85s c)ffs and +and3erc+ef 8ere $lanl" 2sble1 t+o)&+ t+e detals of
t+e' 8ere not &2en 'e b" /ss /orton tll after8ards1 8+en I as3ed +er
8+et+er s+e +ad not seen t+e a$$arton on t+at n&+t.
((&ned) C%T-ERI!E /. C%/PBELL.
To t+s acco)nt /ss /orton addsJ
/ss Ca'$bell 8as t+e frend to 8+o' I frst s$o3e of t+e a$$arton.
(+e s)&&ested to 'e t+at 8+en ne#t I sa8 +er I s+o)ld s$ea3G b)t of co)rse
s+e +ad no dea 8+en t+s 8o)ld be. (+e 8rote an acco)nt to 'e t+e ne#t
da" of 8+at s+e +ad seen1 and as3ed 'e f I +ad not seen t+e f&)re t+at
n&+tG b)t nat)rall" dd not 3no8 t+at I had done so1 )ntl s+e rece2ed '"
re$l". /ss Ca'$bell as3s 'e to sa" t+at t+s s t+e onl" 2son s+e +as +ad1
2erdcal or ot+er8se.
*,1 B . In t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *<B1 !o2e'ber *A@;1 an
acco)nt 8as &2en b" /ss /. 6. (cott1 of Less)dden -o)se1 (t. Bos8ell5s1
Ro#b)r&+s+re1 of an a$$arton seen se2eral t'es b" +erself1 and
occasonall" b" ot+ers1 on a co)ntr" road near +er +o'e. -er frst
e#$erence 8as n /a" *A@.1 8+en1 8al3n& do8n a s+ort nclne on +er
8a" +o'e1 s+e sa8 a tall 'an dressed n blac3 a fe8 "ards n front of +er.
-e t)rned a corner of t+e road1 ben& stll n 2e8 of +er1 and t+ere s)ddenl"
dsa$$eared. On follo8n& +' ro)nd t+e corner1 /ss (cott fo)nd a sster
of +ers1 also on +er 8a" +o'e1 8+o +ad D)st seen a tall 'an dressed n
blac31 8+o' s+e too3 for a cler&"'an1 co'n& to 'eet +er on t+e road. (+e
loo3ed a8a" for a 'o'ent1 and on loo3n& to8ards +' a&an co)ld see no
one an"8+ere near. /ss (cott on o2erta3n& +er fo)nd +er loo3n& )$ and
do8n t+e road and nto t+e felds n ')c+ be8lder'ent. It a$$eared t+at
t+e" +ad not seen t+e 'an at e#actl" t+e sa'e 'o'ent nor n e#actl" t+e
sa'e $lace1 b)t fro' t+er descr$ton of t+e s)rro)ndn&s t see's
'$ossble t+at t co)ld +a2e been a real $erson1 8+o +ad contr2ed to &et
a8a" )nnotced.
+ii,IOM-
In 7)l" of t+e sa'e "ear at abo)t t+e sa'e $lace1 /ss (cott1 8al3n&
8t+ anot+er of +er ssters1 sa8 a dar3 f&)re a$$roac+n& t+e'1 dressed n
blac31 8t+ a lon& coat1 &aters and 3neeCbreec+es1 a 8de 8+te cra2at and
lo8Ccro8ned +atG t+e sster also sa8 t+e )$$er $art of t+e f&)re1 8+c+
see'ed to fade a8a" nto t+e ban3 b" t+e sde of t+e road as t+e" loo3ed at
t.
%&an1 n 7)ne *A@;1 8al3n& alone on t+e road n t+e 'ornn&1 /ss
(cott sa8 a dar3 f&)re so'e 8a" n front1 8+c+ s+e reco&nsed as t+e
a$$arton 8+en s+e &ot nearer to t. (+e 'ade a deter'ned effort to
o2erta3e t1 b)t co)ld not &et nearer t+an a fe8 "ards1 as t t+en see'ed to
float or s3' a8a". %t len&t+1 +o8e2er1 t sto$$ed1 t)rned ro)nd and faced
+erG t+en 'o2ed on a fe8 ste$s1 and t)rned and loo3ed bac3 a&an1 fnall"
fadn& fro' +er 2e8 b" a +ed&e. (+e 8as able to notce f)ll" t+e detals of
t+e dress13neeCbreec+es1 blac3 sl3 stoc3n&s and s+oeCb)c3les1l3e t+e
dress of (cotts+ cler&"'en abo)t a cent)r" a&o.
T+e a$$arton 8as also sad to +a2e been seen at dfferent t'es b"
so'e c+ldren and ot+er $ersons n t+e ne&+bo)r+oodG b)t of t+s no frstC
+and acco)nts 8ere fort+co'n&. T+ere 8as also a le&end t+at a c+ld +ad
been ')rdered close b"G b)t19 /ss (cott 8rote1 t+s fact s E)te be"ond
t+e recollecton of t+e oldest n+abtant of t+e ne&+bo)r+ood19 and t see's
not )nl3el" t+at t 8as n2ented to acco)nt for t+e &+ost.
6e rece2ed later se2eral ot+er acco)nts of a s'lar a$$arton +a2n&
been seen b" 2aro)s $ersons at dfferent t'es n t+e sa'e $laceG and n t+e
1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .@@K;>B1 all t+e f)rt+er e2dence on t+e s)bDect
t+at +ad reac+ed )s )$ to t+at date (October *@>>) 8as $rnted. I $roceed to
E)ote so'e of t+s.
/ss Lo)sa (cottt+e sster 8+o s+ared /ss /. 6. (cott5s frst
e#$erence8rote as follo8sJ
LE((:,,E! -O:(E1 (T. BO(6ELL5(1 August *<th, *A@<.
Y% "o)n& lad"1 8+o s a &o2erness n t+s ne&+bo)r+ood1 told 'e t+s
afternoon of a 'eetn& s+e +ad +ad 8t+ Lt+e &+ostM t+s s$rn&. (+e 8as
ret)rnn& +o'e alon& t+e +a)nted road at abo)t a E)arterC$ast fo)r n t+e
afternoon1 8+en s+e 8as attracted b" seen& n front of +er a rat+er tall old
'an1 dressed n a lon& blac3 cloa31 8t+ one ca$e 8+c+ ca'e to a lttle
belo8 +s s+o)ldersG +s +at1 as on t+e occasons 8+en '" ssters and I sa8
+'1 8as lo8Ccro8ned1 and t+e br' slo)c+ed o2er +s e"es. /" nfor'ant
8as ')c+ nterested n t+s $ec)larCloo3n& $erson1 and dd not ta3e +er
e"es off +'1 8+lst s+e 8atc+ed +' 8al3 bac38ard and for8ard bet8een
t+e t)rn of t+e road and a +ea$ of stones abo)t a +)ndred "ards lo8er do8nG
+e re$eated t+s s# t'es1 t+e last t'e sto$$n& as f +e 8ere s$ea3n& to a
'an 8+o 8as c)ttn& t+e +ed&e at t+e t'e. 6+at str)c3 /ss Ir2ne as
$ec)lar 8as t+at t+e 'an 8+o 8as +ed&eCc)ttn& dd not loo3 ro)nd1 and
see'ed E)te )nconsco)s of t+e ot+er5s $resence. /ss Ir2ne 8al3ed on1
and 8as &on& to $ass t+e old 'an1 8+en1 to +er astons+'ent1 +e 2ans+ed
8+en s+e 8as onl" abo)t t+ree "ards fro' +'.Y
+ii,ION-
/ss Ir2ne sent soon after +er o8n acco)nt of +er e#$erence. B" an
)nfort)nate accdent1 t+e frst s+eet of +er letter 8as lostG b)t t+e latter $art
s as follo8sJ
GREYCROOR1 (T. BO(6ELL5(1 RO0B:RG-(-IRE.
T+s see'ed to 'e stran&er t+an e2er and I 8ondered 8+at I +ad seen1
for +e 8as no8+ere n t+e feld. On ret)rnn& +o'e I descrbed t+e old
&entle'an to so'e frends 8+o 8ere l3el" to 3no8 f a $erson ans8ern&
'" descr$ton l2ed n t+e ne&+bo)r+ood1 b)t 8as told1 !o.9 -e 8as
dressed rat+er l3e a cler&"'an1 8ore a lon& blac3 cloa3 8t+ ca$e and
slo)c+ed +at1 +s +ands n +s coat $oc3ets. I +ad ne2er seen an"t+n& of t+e
3nd before1 t+o)&+ I +ad freE)entl" 8al3ed t+e sa'e road and at all +o)rs.
T+s +a$$ened abo)t fo)r o5cloc3 n t+e afternoon. I +a2e not a&an seen
+'.Y
/%RY BL%/IRE IRVI!E.
In %)&)st *A@A1 /ss /. 6. (cott 8rote t+at abo)t a fortn&+t earler1
8+en co'n& do8n t+e +a)nted9 road n t+e d)s31 s+e +ad +eard footste$s
8al3n& besde +er1 b)t co)ld see not+n&. (+e +ad also seen t+e a$$arton
a&an n t+e s$rn& of *A@=. (+e descrbed t+s n ,ece'ber *A@@1 as
follo8sJ
Y/" sster and '"self 8ere $a"n& an afternoon 2st at a frend5s
+o)se st)ated near t+e +a)nted road1 and +a2n& rat+er o2ersta"ed o)r t'e1
t+e d)s3 8as D)st be&nnn& to fallY t ben& t+en s)&&ested t+at 8e s+o)ld
ta3e a s+orter c)t +o'e1 8e &ladl" a2aled o)rsel2es of t+e $er'sson to
8al3 t+ro)&+ t+e $ar3 and 8ood 8+c+ o$en o)t of and enter t+e e2lC
re$)ted road. :$on co'n& to t+e end of t+e $ar31 t+ere s a s'all &ate and
narro8 $at+8a"1 se$arated fro' t+e road b" a +ed&e and so'e treesG t+e
s$ace bet8een ben& onl" a fe8 "ards1 a $edestran on t+e ot+er sde s
dstnctl" 2sble. %t t+e ot+er end of t+e 8ood1 a&an1 t+ere s anot+er &ate1
8+c+ Lleads toM t+e s'all nclne and an&le of t+e road1 and1 loo3n& et+er
8a"1 t+e 8+ole e#$anse s clearl" defned. 7)st abo)t t+s t'e 8e +ad
not+n& s)$ernat)ral n o)r t+o)&+ts and 8ere tal3n& and la)&+n& &al"
to&et+er. ()ddenl"Yo)r con2ersaton see'ed &rad)all" to cease1 for 8+en
8e 8ere E)te +alfC8a" do8n t+e 8ood1 I notced a 'an5s f&)re 8al3n&
alon&sde of 'e bet8een t+e +ed&e on t+e ot+er sde1 8+c+1 et+er real or
)nreal1 I 8as deter'ned not to lose s&+t of.Y In a 'o'ent I reco&nsed
t+e &+astl" feat)res of t+e a$$arton. I cannot tell +o8 +e 8as clot+ed1 or f
+e 8ore a +atG '" e"es see'ed f#ed onl" on t+e $rofle fro' D)st belo8 t+e
fore+ead. Instnct2el" I felt +e 'o2ed besde 'e1 b)t +eard no so)nd or
footste$s of an" 3nd. /" sster sa8 not+n&1 and not ben& eE)al to t+e
occason1 I 'ade no re'ar31 )ntl 8e +ad al'ost reac+ed t+e end of t+e
bo)ndar"1 t+en e#cla'ed n 4renc+1 .Qhomme! %t t+at 'o'ent t+e &+ost
')st +a2e 2ans+ed1 for 8+en 8e o$ened t+e &ate to $ass t+ro)&+ not a
l2n& so)l 8as t+ereG +ad t been a $erson of et+er se#1 8e 8ere $erfectl"
certan to +a2e 'et. It 8as 2er" stran&e '" co'$anon s+o)ld $erce2e
not+n& )n)s)al1 t+o)&+ s+e re'ar3ed abo)t 'e starn& nto s$ace.9 It s
E)te '$ossble to acco)nt for t+s $+anto't s no ll)son for'ed b" a
dsordered bran or based )$on 'a&naton or defect2e l&+tG t+e s)n +ad
certanl" set1 t+e d)s3 sl&+tl" fallen1 b)t &2n& E)te s)ffcent $o8er for
')t)al reco&ntons. T+e 'an +ad 8al3ed cal'l" on1 loo3n& stra&+t n
front of +'1 ne2er a$$earn& to notce an"t+n&1 as t+o)&+ en&a&ed n dee$
'edtaton.
+ii,IOO-
On %)&)st *=t+1 *@>>1 /ss (cott 8rote to sa" t+at s+e +ad recentl"
seen t+e a$$arton t8ce1 t+e 'ost recent occason +a2n& been onl" last
n&+t.9 (+e descrbes t as follo8sJ
1uy .<th, *@>>.I a' 8rtn& to let "o) 3no8 t+e dates t+at I +a2e
a&an seen t+e a$$arton.Y On t+e e2enn& of 7)l" .<t+ I 8as standn&
s$ea3n& to a frend1 e#actl" )$on t+e $art 3no8n as t+e $ro$ert" of t+at
'"stero)s +e.9 I +ad for&otten t+e 2er" e#stence of o)r s)$ernat)ral
ne&+bo)r1 and 8+le 8e con2ersed )$on ndfferent s)bDects1 I
nad2ertentl" &lanced carelessl" do8n t+e e#$anse be"ond1 8+en I
$erce2ed t+e tall blac3 f&)re 8al3n& on n ad2ance 8t+ +s bac3 to8ards
)s. -o8 +e ca'e to be t+ere I +ad not t+e fantest dea1 not +a2n& re'ar3ed
+s ad2ent. I 'ade no co''ent to '" co'$anon1 b)t1 8s+n& +er a +ast"
ade)1 +)rred a8a" as E)c3l" as $ossble to tr" and 'a3e )$ )$on +'1 b)t
+e nstantl" 2ans+edt+ere 8as no one to be seen et+er +&+ or lo8. It
8as D)st e&+t o5cloc3 n t+e e2enn&1 as I +eard t+e +o)r c+'e n t+e 2lla&e
al'ost at t+e sa'e t'e. -e 8as dressed n t+e sa'e 8a"1 na'el"1 all n
blac31 and 8as onl" $roceedn& abo)t t8ent" "ards a8a".Y
/" second ll)straton of last n&+t1 %)&)st *Bt+1 *@>>1 can tell "o)
so'et+n& 'ore defnte t+an t+e $re2o)s one1 for I certanl" bele2e t+e
'an to be a cler&"'an of t+e ancent sc+ool1 b)t 8+" t+s 4at+er of t+e
C+)rc+
9
freE)ents that road s an )ne#$laned '"ster". On t+s occason t+e
o)tlne of +s +ead and s+o)lders 8ere co'$letel" 2sbleall blac31 8t+ a
8de 8+te ')fflerCloo3n& t+n& 8o)nd ro)nd +s t+roatG +s +ar see's
l&+t1 face cleanCs+a2en and 2er" $ale1 b)t +e 8as not E)te near eno)&+ for
t+e feat)res to beco'e clearl" defnedG t+e +at loo3ed l3e an ordnar"
clercal 8deCa8a3e1 onl" t+e cro8n see'ed ')c+ +&+er t+an t+ose )sed n
t+e $resent da". T+e lo8er $art of +s bod" L8asM o2ers+ado8ed1 as +e 8as
ad2ancn& to8ards 'e )$ t+e nclne1 8+le I 8as on t+e le2el abo2e.
T+ere 8as a 'an 8t+ a $on" and tra$ c)ttn& &rass b" t+e roadsde
8t+n a fe8 feet of 8+ere I sa8 t+e a$$arton a$$ear1 8+o +ad +s bac3 to
t+e 8or3erG "et t+e 'ost 8onderf)l $art of t all s t+at 8+en I E)estoned
t+e 'an +e declared +e +ad seen no one.9 B)t19 I sad1 +e 8as close
besde "o).9 -e stll declared +e sa8 no $erson t+ere19 so I let t+e 'atter
end1 t+o)&+ I e#$ect t+at +e1 l3e t+e 8+ole 2lla&e1 3no8s 8ell t+e
re$)taton of t+e road1 for +e loo3ed sl&+tl" ner2o)s and re'ar3ed1 It 8as
not a safe $lace to co'e do8n alone.Y9
/. 6. (COTT.
In t+e abo2e case t 8ll be seen t+at t+ere s no e2dence 8+ate2er for
t+e dentt" of t+e a$$artonG t+e 8+ole force of t+e case rests on t+e
re$etton of t+e a$$earance1 and ts ben& seen nde$endentl" b" se2eral
dfferent $ersons. % &ood 'an" ot+er cases of t+e sa'e &eneral t"$e +a2e
a$$eared n t+e &roceedings and 1ourna (.P.R. I 'a" refer as an e#a'$le
to t+at recorded b" /r. and /rs. ,a)ntese" n t+e 1ourna, 2ol. 2. $. ;.@.
%not+er 2er" co'$lete and t"$cal nstance of 8+at s co''onl" called
+a)ntn&19consstn& of )ne#$laned noses1 &enerall" +eard b" all 8t+n
ears+ot and contn)ed at nter2als t+ro)&+ a seres of "ears1 n t+e co)rse of
8+c+ 2aro)s 2s)al $+antas's 8ere seen b" dfferent $eo$le18as t+e
6lln&ton /ll case1 an acco)nt of 8+c+ 8as &2en b" /r. Procter n t+e
1ourna, 2ol. 2. $$. ;;*K;?..
+ii,JPP-
APPENDICES
TO
CHAPTER VIII
)11 A . T+e follo8n& s a t"$cal case of a)to'atc dra8n&1 recorded
at a t'e 8+en t+e s)bDect of a)to'ats' 8as al'ost )n3no8n1 not onl" to
t+e ed)cated la"'an b)t also to $s"c+olo&sts and $+"solo&sts. I E)ote t+e
acco)nt fro' Spirit *ra#ingsV a &ersona Narrative, b" 6. /. 6l3nson.
(econd edton (*AB<)1 $$. @K**.
In %)&)st1 *A?B1 a +ea2" and s)dden afflcton ca'e )$on )s1 n t+e
re'o2al of a dear bo"o)r second sonnto t+e s$rt)al 8orld. -e +ad
$assed abo)t ele2en "ears n t+s 8orld of o)rs1 and 8as ta3en fro' )s n
t+e 'dst of t+e r)dest +ealt+1 to co''ence +s s$rtClfe )nder t+e lo2n&
care of +s -ea2enl" 4at+er.
(o'e 8ee3s after8ards +s brot+er1 t+en abo)t t8el2e "ears old1 8ent
on a s+ort 2st to Readn&1 and 8+lst t+ere1 a')sed +'self as bo"s of +s
a&e are )sed to do. One 'ornn& +e +ad a $ece of $a$er before +'1 and a
$encl n +s +and1 8t+ 8+c+ +e 8as abo)t to dra8 so'e c+ld5s $ct)reG
8+en &rad)all" +e fo)nd +s +and flln& 8t+ so'e feeln& before )n3no8n
to +'1 and t+en t be&an to 'o2e n2ol)ntarl" )$on t+e $a$er1 and to for'
letters1 8ords1 and sentences. T+e feeln& +e descrbed as of a $leasn& 3nd1
entrel" ne8 to +'1 and as f so'e $o8er 8as 8t+n +' a$art fro' +s
o8n 'nd1 and 'a3n& )se of +s +and. T+e +and8rtn& 8as dfferent to +s
o8n1 and t+e s)bDectC'atter of t+e 8rtn& 8as )n3no8n to +' tll +e read
t 8t+ c)rost" as t 8as ben& 8rtten.
On freE)ent occasons1 8+lst on t+s 2st1 +s +and 8as s'larl"
'o2ed n 8rtn&G and after8ards +e 8ent to sta" 8t+ so'e ot+er frends n
B)c3n&+a's+re1 8t+ 8+o' +e dd not 'a3e a tral of t+s ne8 $o8erG b)t
on +s ret)rn +o'e1 after so'e 8ee3s5 absence1 8e1 for abo)t t8o 'ont+s1
8atc+ed1 8t+ dee$ e'oton1 t+e 'o2e'ent of +s +and n 8rtn&G for
so'et'es1 8+en +e 8s+ed to 8rte1 +s +and 'o2ed n dra8n& s'all
flo8ers1 s)c+ as e#st not +ereG and so'et'es1 8+en +e e#$ected to dra8 a
flo8er1 t+e +and 'o2ed nto 8rtn&. T+e 'o2e'ent 8as1 n &eneral1 'ost
ra$d1 and )nl3e +s o8n 'ode of 8rtn& or dra8n&G and +e +ad no dea of
8+at 8as ben& $rod)ced1 )ntl t 8as n $rocess of ben& done. Often1 n
t+e 'ddle of 8rtn& a sentence1 a flo8er or da&ra' 8o)ld be dra8n1 and
t+en s)ddenl" t+e +and 8o)ld &o off n 8rtn& a&an.
I +a2e not 'entoned t+e nat)re1 or s)bDectC'atter of t+e 8ords t+)s
8rttenG nor s t n t+s $lace necessar" to do so1 f)rt+er t+an t+s1 t+at t+e"
$)r$orted to be c+efl" co'')ncatons fro' +s brot+er1 o)r dear de$arted
+ii,JPG- c+ld1 and 8ere all of a rel&o)s c+aracter1 s$ea3n& of +s o8n
+a$$" state1 and of t+e 'eans b" 8+c+ s'lar +a$$ness s alone to be
attaned b" t+ose 8+o re'aned +ere to f&+t o)t t+er lon&er battle of lfe.
% fe8 8ee3s later t+e bo"5s 'ot+er1 8+o +ad ne2er learnt to dra81 fo)nd
t+at s+e $ossessed t+e sa'e fac)lt"1 and b" de2otn& abo)t an +o)r a da" to
t+e $ractce1 $rod)ced a lar&e seres of dra8n&s of flo8ers1 &eo'etrcal
for's1 and 2aro)s obDects 8+c+ +er fa'l" re&arded as s"'bolcal. T+e"
often obtaned also a)to'atc 8rtn& $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' t+e dead
c+ld and to e#$lan t+e 'eann& of t+e dra8n&s. T+e latter de2elo$ed nto
arc+tect)ral s3etc+es and landsca$es1 and /rs. 6l3nson &rad)all" be&an
to $ant1 as 8ell as dra81 a)to'atcall". /r. 6l3nson also de2elo$ed t+e
fac)lt" of a)to'atc 8rtn& and dra8n&.
)1, A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt s e#tracted fro' /r. %ndre8 Lan&5s
T+e Voces of 7eanne d5%rc9 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *@AK
.*..
/r. Lan& &2es e2dence ta3en fro' t+e &roc=s of +er tral at Ro)en and
ot+er or&nal so)rces 8+c+ +e 'entons. -er o8n acco)nt &2en at +er tral
8as t+at +er 2oces9 8ere frst +eard 8+en s+e 8as abo)t t+rteentelln&
+er to be+a2e 8ell and &o to c+)rc+1 and after8ards t+e" )sed to tell +er to
&o nto 4rance to +er 'sson. 7eanne 3e$t obDectn& t+at s+e 8as a $oor &rl
8+o co)ld not rde1 or lead n 8ar1 and ressted t+e 2oces 8t+ all +er
ener&".
T)rnn& to t+e /ad5s o8n e2dence n co)rt1 8e ')st re'e'ber t+at
s+e 8as 'ost a2erse to s$ea3n& at all1 t+at s+e often as3ed lea2e to 8at for
ad2ce and $er'sson fro' +er 2oces before re$l"n&1 t+at on one $ont
s+e constantl" declared t+at1 f co'$elled to s$ea31 s+e 8o)ld not s$ea3 t+e
tr)t+. T+s $ont 8as t+e Rn&5s secret. T+ere s absol)tel" conte'$orar"
e2dence1 fro' %lan C+arter1 t+at1 before s+e 8as acce$ted1 s+e told
C+arles something 8+c+ flled +' 8t+ s)r$rse1 Do"1 and belef. (&roc=s
V.1 *;*. Letter of 7)l"1 *<.@.) T+e secret 8as connected 8t+ C+arles5s
do)bts of +s o8n le&t'ac"1 and 7eanne at +er tral 8as dr2en to obsc)re
t+e tr)t+ n a 'st of alle&or"1 as1 ndeed1 s+e confessed. LT+eM tale of an
an&el and a cro8n 8as 'ere alle&or". 7eanne5s e#tre'e rel)ctance to ado$t
e2en t+s lo"al and la)dable e2ason s t+e 'eas)re of +er tr)t+f)lness n
&eneral. (tll1 s+e dd sa" so'e 8ords 8+c+1 as t+e" stand1 t s dffc)lt to
bele2e1 to e#$lan1 or to acco)nt for. (+e asserted t+at s+e 3ne8 t+e
,a)$+n1 on t+er frst 'eetn&1 b" ad of +er 2oces. (I. ?B.) (+e declared
t+at t+e ,a)$+n +'self ')ltas +ab)t re2elatones et a$$artones
$)lc+ras.9 In ts lteral sense1 t+ere s no e2dence for t+s1 b)t rat+er t+e
re2erse. (+e 'a" 'ean1 re2elatons9 t+ro)&+ +erself1 or 'a" refer to so'e
crc)'stance )n3no8n. T+ose of '" $art" sa8 and 3ne8 t+at 2oce19 s+e
sad1 b)t later 8o)ld onl" acce$t t+e' as 8tnesses f t+e" 8ere allo8ed to
co'e and see +er. (I. ?=.)
T+s s t+e 'ost $)NNln& $ont n 7eanne5s confesson. (+e +ad no
'ot2e for telln& an )ntr)t+1 )nless s+e +o$ed t+at t+ese re'ar3s 8o)ld
establs+ t+e obDect2t" of +er 2sons. Of co)rse1 one of +er stran&e
e#$erences 'a" +a2e occ)rred n t+e $resence of C+arles and +s co)rt1 and
s+e 'a" +a2e bele2ed t+at t+e" s+ared n t.
+ii,JPH-
(+e sad t+at s+e +eard t+e 2oce dal" n $rson1 and stood n sore need
of t.9 T+e 2oce bade +er re'an at (t. ,ens (after t+e re$)lse fro' Pars1
n (e$te'ber *<.@)1 b)t s+e 8as not allo8ed to re'an.
On t+e ne#t da" (t+e t+rd of t+e tral) s+e told Bea)$Pre t+at s+e 8as
fastn& snce "esterda" afternoon. Yesterda" s+e +ad +eard t+e 2oces n
t+e 'ornn&1 at 2es$ers1 and at t+e late rn&n& for Ave 2aria, and s+e +eard
t+e' ')c+ 'ore freE)entl" t+an s+e 'entoned.9 Yesterda" s+e +ad been
aslee$ 8+en t+e 2oce aro)sed +er. (+e sat )$ and clas$ed +er +ands1 and
t+e 2oce bade +er ans8er boldl". Ot+er 8ords s+e +alf +eard before s+e
8as E)te a8a3e1 b)t faled to )nderstand.9
(+e dened t+at t+e 2oces e2er contradcted t+e'sel2es. On t+s
occason1 as not +a2n& rece2ed lea2e fro' +er 2oces1 s+e ref)sed to sa"
an"t+n& as to +er 2sons.
%t t+e ne#t 'eetn& s+e ad'tted +a2n& +eard t+e 2oces n co)rt1 b)t n
co)rt s+e co)ld not dstn&)s+ t+e 8ords1 o8n& to t+e t)')lt. (+e +ad
no81 +o8e2er1 lea2e to s$ea3 'ore f)ll". T+e 2oces 8ere t+ose of (t.
Cat+erne and (t. /ar&aret. T+e" 8ere cro8ned 8t+ far cro8ns1 as s+e
+ad sad at t8o "ears before. (e2en "ears a&o (t+at s1 8+en s+e 8as t8el2e)
s+e frst sa8 t+e sants. On t+e attre of t+e sants s+e +ad not lea2e to s$ea3.
T+e" 8ere $receded b" (t. /c+ael 8t+ t+e an&els of -ea2en.9 I sa8
t+e' as clearl" as I see "o)1 and I )sed to 8ee$ 8+en t+e" de$arted1 and
8o)ld fan t+at t+e" s+o)ld +a2e ta3en 'e 8t+ t+e'.9
%s to t+e fa'o)s s8ord at 4erbos1 s+e a2erred t+at s+e +ad been n t+e
c+)rc+ t+ere1 on +er 8a" to C+non1 t+at t+e 2oces later bade +er )se a
s8ord 8+c+ 8as +dden )nder eart+1s+e t+n3s be+nd1 b)t $ossbl" n
front of t+e altar1at 4erbos. % 'an )n3no8n to +er 8as sent fro' To)rs
to fetc+ t+e s8ord1 8+c+ after searc+ 8as fo)nd1 and s+e 8ore t.
%s3ed 8+et+er s+e +ad $ro$+esed +er 8o)nd b" an arro8 at Orleans1
and +er reco2er"1 s+e sad Yes.9
T+s $redcton s sn&)lar n t+at t 8as recorded before t+e e2ent. T+e
record 8as co$ed nto t+e registre of Brabant1 fro' a letter 8rtten on %$rl
..nd1 *<.@1 b" a 4le's+ d$lo'atst1 ,e Rotselaer1 t+en at L"ons.
*
,e
Rotselaer +ad t+e $ro$+ec" fro' an offcer of t+e co)rt of t+e ,a)$+n. T+e
$redcton 8as t+)s noted on %$rl ..nd1 t+e e2ent occ)rred on /a" =t+. On
t+e fft+ da" of t+e tral 7eanne anno)nced t+at1 before se2en "ears 8ere
&one1 t+e En&ls+ 8o)ld lose a dearer &a&e t+an OrleansG t+s I 3no8 b"
re2elaton1 and a' 8rot+ t+at t s to be so lon& deferred.9 %s $ro$+eces &o1
t+er loss of Pars (*<;B) corres$onds 2er" 8ell to t+e /ad5s
anno)nce'ent. %s3ed1 on /arc+ *st1 8+et+er +er lberaton 8as $ro'sed1
s+e sad1 %s3 'e n t+ree 'ont+s1 and I 8ll tell "o).9 In t+ree 'ont+s
e#actl" +er stanless so)l 8as free.
(+e +ad once dsobe"ed +er 2oces1 8+en t+e" forbade +er to lea$ fro'
t+e to8er of Bea)re2or. (+e lea$ed1 b)t t+e" for&a2e +er1 and told +er t+at
Co'$P&ne (8+ere s+e 8as ca$t)red on /a" .;rd1 *<;>) 8o)ld be rele2ed
before /artn'as.9 It 8as rele2ed on October .Bt+1 after a se&e of f2e
'ont+s. (+e told t+e to)c+n& stor" of +o81 at /el)n1 on %$rl *<;>1 t+e
2oces +ad 8arned +er t+at s+e 8o)ld be ta3en $rsoner before 'ds)''erG
+o8 s+e +ad $ra"ed for deat+1 or for tdn&s as to t+e da" and +o)r. B)t no
tdn&s 8ere &2en to +er1 and +er old belef1 often e#$ressed1 t+at s+e
s+o)ld +ii,JPI- last b)t one "ear or lttle 'ore19 8as confr'ed. T+e ,)e
d5%lenpon +ad +eard +er sa" t+s se2eral t'esG for t+e $ro$+ec" at /el)n
8e +a2e onl" +er o8n 8ord.
(+e 8as no8 led nto t+e alle&or" abo)t t+e %n&el (+erself) and t+e
Cro8n (t+e coronaton at R+e's). T+s alle&or" 8as fatal1 b)t does not bear
on +er real belef abo)t +er e#$erences. (+e a2erred1 ret)rnn& to &en)ne
confessons1 t+at +er 2oces often ca'e s$ontaneo)sl"G f t+e" dd not1 s+e
s)''oned t+e' b" a s'$le $ra"er to God. (+e +ad seen t+e an&elc f&)res
'o2n&1 n2sble sa2e to +er1 a'on& 'en. T+e 2oces had $ro'sed +er t+e
release of C+arles d5Orleans1 b)t t'e +ad faled +er. T+s 8as as near a
confesson of fal)re as s+e e2er 'ade1 tll t+e da" of +er b)rnn&G f s+e
reall" 'ade one t+en. B)t +ere1 as al8a"s1 s+e +ad $redcted t+at s+e 8o)ld
do t+s or t+at f s+e 8ere sans empeschement. (+e +ad no re2elaton
bddn& +er attac3 Pars 8+en s+e dd1 and after t+e da" at /el)n1 s+e
s)b'tted to t+e ad2ce of t+e ot+er ca$tans. B" t+e 8a"1 f t+s be so1 not
s+e1 b)t t+e ca$tans1 ds$la"ed t+e strate&" ad'red b" Ca$tan /arn n t+e
Ose ca'$a&n of *<;>. %s to +er release1 s+e 8as onl" bdden to bear all
c+eerf)ll"G be not 2e#ed 8t+ t+" 'art"rdo'1 t+ence s+alt t+o) co'e at last
nto t+e 3n&do' of Paradse.9
4or t+e rest1 7eanne recanted +er soCcalled recantaton1 a2errn& t+at s+e
8as )na8are of t+e contents or f)ll s&nfcance of t+e doc)'ent. -er
2oces recalled +er to +er d)t"1 for t+e' s+e 8ent to t+e sta3e1 and1 as I +a2e
s+o8n1 f t+ere 8as a 'o'ent of 8a2ern& on t+e da" of +er doo'1 +er
belef n t+e obDect2e realt" of t+e $+eno'ena re'aned fr'1 and s+e
reco2ered +er fat+ n t+e a&on" of +er deat+.
Of e0terna e2dence as to t+ese e#$erences1 t+e best s $robabl" t+at of
d5%)lon1 t+e /atre d5-btel of t+e /ad1 and +er co'$anon t+ro)&+ +er
8+ole career. -e and s+e 8ere re$osn& n t+e sa'e roo' at Orleans1 +er
+ostess ben& n t+e c+a'ber (/a" *<.@)1 and d5%)lon +ad D)st fallen
aslee$1 8+en t+e /ad a8o3e +' 8t+ a cr". -er 2oces bade +er &o
a&anst t+e En&ls+1 b)t n 8+at drecton s+e 3ne8 not. In fact1 t+e 4renc+
leaders +ad be&)n1 8t+o)t +er 3no8led&e1 an attac3 on (t. Lo)$1 8+t+er
s+e &allo$ed and too3 t+e fort (&roc=s III. .*.). It s1 of co)rse1 2er"
$ossble t+at t+e dn of onset1 8+c+ $resentl" beca'e a)dble1 +ad 2a&)el"
reac+ed t+e senses of t+e /ad. -er $a&e confr's d5%)lon5s test'on".
,5%)lon states t+at 8+en t+e /ad +ad an" 'artal ad2ent)re n
$ros$ect1 s+e told +' t+at +er co)nsel9 +ad &2en +er t+s or t+at ad2ce.
-e E)estoned +er as to t+e nat)re of t+s co)nsel.9 (+e sad s+e +ad t+ree
co)ncllors1 of 8+o' one 8as al8a"s 8t+ +er1 a second 8ent and ca'e to
+er1 and t+e t+rd 8as +e 8t+ 8+o' t+e ot+ers delberated.9 ,5%)lon 8as
not 8ort+" to see t+s co)nsel.9 4ro' t+e 'o'ent 8+en +e +eard t+s1
,5%)lon as3ed no 'ore E)estons. ,)nos also &a2e so'e e2dence as to t+e
co)nsel.9 %t Loc+es1 8+en 7eanne 8as )r&n& t+e Do)rne" to R+e's1
-arco)rt as3ed +er1 before t+e Rn&1 8+at t+e nat)re 5modus6 of t+e co)ncl
8asG ho# t co'')ncated 8t+ +er. (+e re$led t+at 8+en s+e 8as 'et 8t+
ncred)lt"1 s+e 8ent a$art and $ra"ed to God. T+en s+e +eard a 2oce sa"1
9ie *;, va, va, va, "e serai > ton aide, va Z %nd 8+en s+e +eard t+at 2oce
s+e 8as r&+t &lad1 and 8o)ld fan be e2er n t+at state.9 %s s+e s$o3e t+)s1
ipsa miro modo e0sutabat, evando suos ocuos ad c4um9 (III.1 *.).
4nall"1 t+at 7eanne 'antaned +er belef to t+e 'o'ent of +er deat+1 8e
learn fro' t+e +ii,JPJ- $rest1 /artn Lad2en)1 8+o 8as 8t+ +er to t+e last
(III.1 *=>). T+ere s no s&n an"8+ere t+at at t+e 'o'ent of an
e#$erence19 t+e /ad5s as$ect see'ed )n)s)al1 or )ncann"1 or abnor'al1
n t+e e"es of t+ose 8+o 8ere n +er co'$an".
T+ese de$ostons 8ere &2en t8ent" "ears later (*<?.K?B)1 and1 of
co)rse1 allo8ance ')st be 'ade for 8ea3ness of 'e'or" and desre to
&lorf" t+e /ad. B)t t+ere s reall" not+n& of a s)s$co)s c+aracter abo)t
t+e'. In fact t+e &ro8t+ of le&end9 8as 2er" sl&+t1 and s 'anl" confned
to t+e e2ents of t+e 'art"rdo'1 t+e 6+te ,o2e1 t+e !a'e of C+rst
blaNoned n fla'e1 and so fort+. It s+o)ld also +a2e been 'entoned t+at at
t+e ta3n& of (t. Perre de /o)ster (!o2e'ber *<.@)1 7eanne1 8+en
deserted b" +er forces1 declared to ,5%)lon t+at s+e 8as not alone1 b)t
s)rro)nded b" fft" t+o)sand of +er o8n.9 T+e 'en t+erefore ralled and
stor'ed t+e $lace.
T+s s t+e s)' of t+e e#ternal e2dence as to t+e $+eno'ena. I +a2e
alread" ndcated 8+at s 3no8n as to t+e 'ental and $+"scal
c+aracterstcs of t+e /ad. -er e#tre'e te'$erance s+o)ld also $er+a$s be
re'e'bered.
%s to t+e contents of t+e co'')ncatons to 7eanne1 t+e" 8ere certanl"
sane1 D)dco)s1 and +eroc. /. X)c+erat (AperTus Nouveau0, $. B*)
dstn&)s+es t+ree classes of abnor'all" con2e"ed 3no8led&e1 all on
)n'$eac+able e2dence.
(*) Thought,reading, as n t+e case of t+e Rn&5s secretG s+e re$eated to
+' t+e 8ords of a $ra"er 8+c+ +e +ad 'ade 'entall".
(.) Cairvoyance, as e#+bted n t+e affar of t+e s8ord of 4erbos.
(;) &rescience, as n t+e $ro$+ec" of +er arro8C8o)nd at Orleans.
%ccordn& to +er confessor1 PasE)erel1 s+e re$eated t+e $ro$+ec" and
ndcated t+e s$ot n 8+c+ s+e 8o)ld be 8o)nded ()nder t+e r&+t
s+o)lder) on t+e n&+t of /a" Bt+. B)t t+s s later e2dence &2en n t+e
Tral of Re+abltaton.
To t+ese 8e '&+t add t+e 2e81 fro' Va)co)le)rs1 a +)ndred lea&)es
a8a"1 of t+e defeat at Ro)2ra"G t+e $ro$+ec" t+at s+e 8o)ld last b)t a "ear
or lttle 'oreG9 t+e $ro$+ec"1 at /el)n1 of +er ca$t)reG t+e $ro$+ec" of t+e
relef of Co'$P&neG and t+e stran&e affar of t+e bon conduit at t+e battle of
Pat+a".
*
4or se2eral of t+ese $redctons 8e +a2e onl" t+e /ad5s 8ord1 b)t1
to be $lan1 8e can scarcel" +a2e 'ore )n'$eac+able test'on".
)1* A . 4ro' t+e &roceedings o$ the American S.&.7., 2ol. . $. ;@=. /r.
/. 8rtes to Professor Ro"ce as follo8sJ
BO(TO!1 Nov. *Bth, *AAB.
(o'e "ears a&o1 $er+a$s e&+t or nne1 8+le n a ct" of R+ode Island
on b)sness1 '" +o)se ben& t+en1 as no81 n Boston1 I rece2ed ne8s 8+c+
8as 'ost )ne#$ected and dstressn& to 'e1 affectn& 'e so sero)sl" t+at I
retred to '" roo' at t+e +otel1 a lar&e sE)are roo'1 and t+re8 '"self )$on
'" bed1 face do8n8ard1 re'ann& t+ere a lon& t'e n &reat 'ental
dstress. T+e ac)teness of t+e feeln& after a t'e abatn&1 I left t+e roo'. I
ret)rned ne#t da" to Boston and t+e da" after t+at rece2ed a s+ort letter
fro' t+e $erson 8+ose state'ent I enclose +ere8t+1 and dated at t+e to8n
n 8estern !e8 Yor3 fro' 8+c+ +er enclosed letter co'es. T+e note
be&&ed 'e to tell +er 8t+o)t dela" 8+at 8as t+e 'atter 8t+ 'e on 4rda"
at t8o o5cloc319 t+e 2er" da" and +o)r 8+en I 8as affected as I +a2e
descrbed.
+ii,JPK-
T+s lad" 8as a so'e8+at fa'lar acE)antance and frend1 b)t I +ad
not +eard fro' +er for 'an" 'ont+s $re2o)s to t+s note and I do not 3no8
t+at an" t+o)&+t of +er +ad co'e nto '" 'nd for a lon& t'e. I s+o)ld stll
f)rt+er add t+at t+e ne8s 8+c+ +ad so dstressed 'e +ad not t+e sl&+test
connecton 8t+ +er.
I 8rote at once1 statn& t+at s+e 8as r&+t as to +er '$resson (s+e sad
n +er letter t+at s+e 8as s)re I 8as n 2er" &reat tro)ble at t+e t'e
'entoned) and e#$ressed '" s)r$rse at t+e 8+ole affar.Y
((&ned) /.
T+e acco'$an"n& state'ent fro' !.1 8+o s a $+"scan b" $rofesson
and 8rtes fro' !e8 Yor3 (tate1 s as follo8sJ
L&ostmarBed, Aug. *Bth, *AAB.M
In t+e con2alescence fro' a 'alaral fe2er d)rn& 8+c+ &reat
+"$erFst+esa of bran +ad obtaned1 b)t no +all)cnatons or false
$erce$tons1 I 8as sttn& alone n '" roo' loo3n& o)t of t+e 8ndo8. /"
t+o)&+ts 8ere of ndfferent tr2altesG after a t'e '" 'nd see'ed to
beco'e absol)tel" 2acantG '" e"es felt f#ed1 t+e ar see'ed to &ro8 8+te.
I co)ld see obDects abo)t 'e1 b)t t 8as a terrble effort of #i to $erce2e
an"t+n&. I t+en felt &reat and $anf)l sense as of s"'$at+" 8t+ so'e one
s)ffern&1 8+o or 8+ere I dd not 3no8. %fter a lttle t'e I 3ne8 8t+
8+o'1 b)t +o8 I 3ne8 I cannot tellG for t see'ed so'e t'e after t+s
3no8led&e of $ersonalt" t+at I sa8 dstnctl" n '" bran1 not before '"
e"es1 a lar&e sE)are roo'1 e2dentl" n a +otel1 and sa8 t+e $erson of 8+o'
I +ad been consco)s1 l"n& face do8n8ard on t+e bed n t+e t+roes of
'ental and $+"scal an&)s+. I felt rat+er t+an +eard sobs and &re2n&1 and
felt consco)s of t+e nat)re of t+e &ref s)bDect2el"G ts obDect2e ca)se 8as
not trans'tted to 'e. E#tre'e e#+a)ston follo8ed t+e e#$erence1 8+c+
lasted fort" 'n)tes ntensel" and t+en 2er" slo8l" 8ore a8a". Let 'e noteJ
(*) I +ad not t+o)&+t of t+e $erson for so'e t'e and t+ere 8as no re'nder
n t+e roo'G (.) t+e e#$erence 8as re'e'bered 8t+ 'ore 22dness t+an
t+at seen n t+e nor'al 8a"1 8+le t+e contrar" s tr)e of drea'sG (;) t+e
nat)ral order of $erce$ton 8as re2ersedG i.e. t+e e'oton ca'e frst1 t+e
sense of a $ersonalt" second1 t+e 2son or $erce$ton of t+e $erson t+rd.Y
((&ned) !.
/r. /. 8as )nfort)natel" not able to fnd t+e letters t+at $assed bet8een
+' and +s frend at t+e t'e.
)1* B . 4ro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;;.
In t+s case t+e consco)s desre of t+e a&ent see's to +a2e been t+e
$redeter'nn& ca)se of t+e $erc$ent5s '$resson.
T+e $erc$ent1 /rs. -adselle1 8rtes to ,r. -od&son as follo8sJ
.A BR%,4OR, (TREET1 PITT(4IEL,1 /%((.1 2ay .Ath, *AAA.
Less t+an t8o "ears a&o a c)ro)s t+n& +a$$ened to 'e. I +ad been n
6as+. Co.1 !.Y.1 &2n& +alf a doNen readn&s1 and 8as on '" 8a" to
6lla'sCto8n1 8+ere I +ad s$ent a $art of t+e s)''er1 and 8+ere ')c+ of
'" 8orldl" &oods1 n t+e s+a$e of 8earn& a$$arel1 8as safel" sto8ed n '"
roo' at t+e /anson -o)se.9 6t+ tc3et $)rc+ased1 I 8as serenel" seated
n t+e car1 bo#1 b)ndle1 and ba& besde 'e1 t+e cond)ctor5s %ll aboard9 8as
at t+at nstant n '" ears1 8+en I s$ran& to '" feet 8t+ t+e force of an
n8ard co''and1 +ii,JPL- C+an&e "o)r tc3et and &o to ElNabet+ (!.7.).
Change your ticBet and go to 8i3abeth. Change your%9 -ere a
&entle'an n t+e o$$oste seatan )tter stran&errose and sadJ /ada'1
+a2e "o) for&otten so'et+n&1 can I +el$ "o)W9 I sadJ ,o "o) t+n3 t+e
tran 8ll 8at for 'e to c+an&e '" tc3etW9 4or t+ere a$$eared to be no
alternat2e. %s I s$o3e I 'o2ed to8ards t+e $latfor'G +e follo8ed1 and
seen& t+at t+e offce 8as b)t a fe8 ste$s dstant sadJ Go1 I5ll see t+at "o)
are not left.9 I dd &o1 and n a 'o'ent 'ore 8as on '" 8a" to ElNabet+1
though ( had not be$ore even thought o$ such a thing. !e#t 'ornn&1 on
reac+n& '" frend5s +o)se1 s+e t+re8 +er ar's abo)t 'e and sobbed o)tJ
O+1 I +a2e 8anted "o) so.9 T+en s+e led 'e to a roo' 8+ere an onl" and
belo2ed sster la" n lfe5s last battle. In an +o)r t 8as ended.
/" $oor &refCstrc3en frend declared t+endeclares no8t+at '"
s)dden c+an&e of $)r$ose 8as a drect ans8er to +er re$eated t+o)&+
)ns$o3en de'and for '" $resence. %nd 8+o s+all sa" t 8as notW I 8s+ to
add t+at 8+le I +ad learned b" letter of t+e sster5s llness of a c+ronc
dsorder1 I dd not s)$$ose +er case +o$elessG ndeed1 fro' t+e fact t+at no
tdn&s +ad reac+ed 'e latel"1 8as +o$n& t+at s+e 8as on t+e road to
reco2er"1 and +ad I been E)estoned concernn& +er t+at *>t+ of !o2e'ber
*AAB1 s+o)ld +a2e re$led confdentl"1 (+e 8ll 8t+o)t do)bt last t+ro)&+
t+e 8nter.9 /" frend1 b" t+e 8a"1 s1 ')c+ 'ore t+an I1 a bele2er n
$s"c+cal $+eno'ena.
((&ned) C. %. C. -%,(ELLE.
,r. -od&son 8rtesJ
/rs. G.t+e frend referred to+as sent 'e +er corroboraton1 dated
/arc+ ?t+1 *A@>. T+e date of t+e ncdent1 s+e states1 8as !o2e'ber **t+1
*AAB. (+e sa"sJ
I +ad not e#$ected /rs. -.G dd not at t+at t'e 3no8 8+ere s+e 8as1 so
co)ld not +a2e s)''oned +er +ad I 8s+ed to do so1b)t n '" tro)ble
t+ere &re8 )$on 'e a &reat desre for +er $resence1 and I sad 'an" t'es1
HIf s+e 8o)ld onl" co'e. If s+e 8ere onl" +ere.I
/" sster5s fal)re at t+e last 8as so'e8+at ra$d1 b)t of t+s /rs. -.
3ne8 not+n&1 and 8+en s+e told 'e of +er s)dden c+an&e of $)r$ose1
+)ndreds of 'les a8a"1 I sadJ HT+e '$)lse 8as sent "o) n ans8er to '"
8s+1I or 8ords to t+at effect.9
T+e &entle'an 8+o +el$ed /rs. -adselle to c+an&e +er tc3et1 t+e Re2.
7a'es 6lson1 t+en of Green8c+1 !.Y.1 8rtes n ans8er to ,r. -od&son5s
nE)resJ
2arch .>th, *A@>.
I recollect t+e crc)'stance of assstn& a lad"9 at Green8c+ tc3et
offce1 8+o e#c+an&ed +er tc3et at t+e last 'o'ent1 beca)se of a c+an&e of
$)r$oseG and t 8as n !o2e'ber *AAB. (+e sent 'e a fe8 lnes after8ards1
detaln& certan facts to)c+n& a sc3 frend at t+e $ont of +er destnaton
not clearl" recalled at t+s 'o'ent.
7. T. 6IL(O!.
)1* C . 4ro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;?.
/rs. -adselle sent at t+e sa'e t'e as t+e abo2e anot+er narrat2e1 of
8+c+ s+e sadJ
I send "o) 8t+ t+s a bt of e#$erence 8+c+ I +ad "ears a&oso lon&
a&o1 ndeed1 as t+e t'e ,r. -olland edted t+e Spring$ied 7epubican. -e
8rote +ii,JPM- 'e t+at t+e 6arnn&9 8as co$ed fro' /ane to Calforna1
and t+at +e rece2ed 'an" letters as3n& f t 8as a)t+entc. To t+s +e co)ld
safel" re$l"1 as I 8as an oldCt'e contrb)tor to t+at and ot+er leadn&
Do)rnals. % local $a$er latel" co$ed t. /an" of t+e t+en 8tnesses +a2e1
8t+ ,r. -olland and '" darln& Edde (Rleber Loo's -adselle)1 &one
o2er to t+e &reat 'aDort"19 b)t t+ere are se2eral stll l2n& 8+o re'e'ber
t+e e$sode1 and no one of '" acE)antances do)bts or t+n3s t+e s3etc+
o2erdra8n.
LT+e acco)nt s ta3en fro' t+e )erBshire County 8age, /a" *>t+1
*AAA1 Pttsfeld1 /ass.1 and s t+ere +eaded T+e :ns$o3en 6arnn&%
/ot+er5s E#$erence.9 %s abo2e '$led1 t+e acco)nt tself s nearl"
conte'$orar" 8t+ t+e ncdent1 ben& +ere E)oted fro' a reprint, 8+c+ t+e
a)t+or acce$ts as correctJM
One btter cold da" n 8nter a 'err" $art" of )s1 nestled do8n )nder
f)rr" robes1 8ent to 'eet an a$$ont'ent 8t+ a frend l2n& a fe8 'les
dstant1 8t+ 8+o' 8e 8ere to s$end t+e afternoon and n t+e e2enn&
attend a concert to be +eld near b". T+e sle&+n& 8as del&+tf)l1 t+e ar
3een and ns$rtn&1 t+e +ost and +ostess &enal as t+e crac3ln& fres n t+e
&rates1 and t+e n2ted &)ests1 of 8+o' t+ere 8ere 'an" besdes o)rsel2es1
n t+at $ec)lar 2stn& tr' 8+c+ onl" oldCt'e frends1 lon& $arted1 can
enDo". Restrant 8as t+ro8n asdeG 8e crac3ed Do3esG 8e c+attered l3e
'a&$es1 and not a lttle of t+e co'n& concert1 8+c+ $ro'sed a rare treat
to o)r )nso$+stcated ears. %ll 8ent 'err" as a 'arra&e bell1 and 'errer
t+an so'e1 tll D)st before tea1 8+en I 8as seNed 8t+ a s)dden and
)nacco)ntable desre to &o +o'e1 acco'$aned b" a dread or fear of
so'et+n&1 I 3ne8 not 8+at1 8+c+ 'ade t+e ret)rn a$$ear1 not a 'atter of
c+oce1 b)t a t+n& '$erat2e. I tred to reason t a8a"1 to re22e
antc$atons of t+e concertG I t+o)&+t of t+e dsa$$ont'ent t 8o)ld be to
t+ose 8+o ca'e 8t+ 'e to &2e t )$1 and r)nnn& o2er n '" 'nd t+e
condton n 8+c+ t+n&s 8ere left at +o'e1 co)ld fnd no &ro)nd for alar'.
4or 'an" "ears a $art of t+e +o)se +ad been rented to a tr)st" fa'l"G
o)r c+ldren 8ere often roc3ed n t+e sa'e cradle1 and +alf of t+e t'e ate at
t+e sa'e tableG loc3s and bolts 8ere t+n&s )n)sed1 and n deed as n 8ord
8e 8ere ne&+bo)rs. In t+er care +ad been left a bo" of ten "ears1 t+e onl"
one of t+e fa'l" re'ann& at +o'e1 8+o 3ne8 t+at 8+en +e ret)rned fro'
sc+ool +e 8as e#$ected to brn& n 8ood and 3ndln&s for t+e 'ornn& fre1
ta3e s)$$er alone1 or 8t+ lttle Clara E.1 as +e c+ose1 and ot+er8se $ass t+e
t'e as +e $leased1 onl" t+at +e ')st not &o nto t+e street to $la"1 or on to
t+e $ond to s3ate. -e +ad been left 'an" t'es n t+s 8a"1 and +ad ne2er
&2en occason for t+e sl&+test )neasnessG stll1 as t+s na'eless fear &re8
)$on 'e1 t too3 t+e for' of a con2cton t+at dan&er of so'e sort
t+reatened t+s belo2ed c+ld.
I 8as rsn& to &o and as3 /r. %. to ta3e 'e +o'e1 8+en so'e one sad1
Yo) are 2er" $aleG are "o) llW9 !o19 I ans8ered1 and dro$$n& bac3 n
t+e c+ar1 told t+e' +o8 stran&el" I +ad been e#ercsed for t+e last fe8
'n)tesG addn&1 I reall" ')st &o +o'e.9 T+ere 8as a $erfect c+or)s of
2oces a&anst t1 and for a lttle t'e I 8as slenced1 t+o)&+ not con2nced.
(o'e one lad t+e 'atter before /r. %.1 8+o re$led1 !onsenseG Edde s a
&ood bo" to 'nd1 8ll do not+n& n o)r absence t+at +e 8o)ld not do f 8e
8ere t+ere1 and s enDo"n& +'self 8ell at t+s 'o'ent1 I5ll 8arrant.9 T+s
ans8er 8as bro)&+t to 'e n tr)'$+1 and I resol2ed to do as t+e" sad1 not
to t+n3 abo)t t.9 B)t at tea '" tre'bln& +and al'ost ref)sed to carr" food
to '" l$s1 and I fo)nd t )tterl" '$ossble to s8allo8 a 'o)t+f)l. % deat+C
l3e c+ll cre$t o2er +ii,JPN- 'e1 and I 3ne8 t+at e2er" e"e 8as on 'e as I
left t+e roo'. /r. %. rose1 sa"n& n a c+an&ed 2oce and 8t+o)t cere'on"1
/a3e +asteG brn& t+e +orse ro)nd1 8e ')st &o r&+t a8a". I ne2er sa8 +er
n s)c+ a state beforeG t+ere s so'et+n& n t.9 -e follo8ed 'e to t+e
$arlo)r1 b)t before +e co)ld s$ea3 I 8as $leadn& as for dear lfe t+at not a
'o'ent be lost n startn& for +o'e. I 3no819 sad I1 t s not all
'a&naton1 and 8+et+er t s or not I s+all certanl" de f t+s dreadf)l
nc)b)s s not re'o2ed s+ortl".9
%ll 8as no8 conf)sonG t+e teaCtable deserted1 t+e 'eal scarce tastedG
and '" frends1 alar'ed as ')c+ at '" loo3s as at '" 8ords1 8ere as
an#o)s to +)rr" 'e off as t+e" +ad been before to detan 'e. To 'e t+ose
terrble 'o'ents see'ed +o)rs1 "et I a' ass)red t+at not 'ore t+an +alfCanC
+o)r ela$sed fro' t+e t'e '" fears frst fo)nd e#$resson before 8e 8ere
on t+e road to8ard +o'e. % +orse so'e8+at noted for fleetness 8as before
)s1 and 8t+ onl" t8o n t+e c)ttert+e rest sta"ed to concert1 and 'ade
/r. %. $ro'se t+at f not+n& +ad +a$$ened 8e 8o)ld ret)rn8ent o2er
t+e road at a ra$d $ace. I 3ne8 fro' t+e freE)ent re$etton of a $ec)lar
s&nal t+at t+e beast 8as ben& )r&ed to +s best1 "et I &re8 sc3 8t+
'$atence at t+e restrant. I 8anted to fl". %ll t+s 8+le '" fears +ad ta3en
no defnte s+a$e. I onl" 3ne8 t+at t+e c+ld 8as n dan&er1 and felt '$elled
to +)rr" to t+e resc)e. Onl" once 8as t+e slence bro3en n t+at t+reeC'le
Do)rne"1 and t+at 8as 8+en t+e +o)se 8as n f)ll 2e8. I sad1 T+an3 God1
t+e +o)se s not on fre.9 T+at 8as '" o8n t+o)&+t19 sad /r. %.1 b)t t+ere
8as no slac3enn& of s$eed.
On nearn& +o'e a c+eerf)l l&+t 8as &l''ern& fro' /rs. E.5s
8ndo8G before t+e 2e+cle +ad farl" sto$$ed 8e 8ere clear of t1 and
o$enn& t+e door1 sad n t+e sa'e breat+1 6+ere5s EddeW9 EddeW 8+"1
+e 8as +ere a lttle 8+le a&o19 ans8ered /rs. E.1 $leasantl" str2n& to
dss$ate t+e alar' s+e sa8 8rtten on o)r co)ntenances. -e ate s)$$er
8t+ t+e c+ldren1 and $la"ed a8+le at 'arblesG t+en s$o3e of Lbb" Rose
+a2n& a ne8 $ct)re boo31 and t+at +e 8anted to see t. Yo)5ll fnd +' o2er
t+ere.9 6t+ s8ft ste$s /r. %. crossed t+e street to t+e $lace 'entoned1 b)t
ret)rned 8t+ -e +as not been t+ere.9 Edde 8as re'ar3abl" fond of
s3atn&1 and '" ne#t t+o)&+t 8as t+at +e +ad been te'$ted to dsobedence.
I sad cal'l"1 6e 8ll &o to t+e $ond.9 I 8as $erfectl" collectedG I co)ld
+a2e 8or3ed all n&+t 8t+o)t fat&)e 8t+ t+e ner2es n t+at state of
tensonG b)t /r. %. sad1 !o1 "o) ')st &o n and le do8n. Edde s safe
eno)&+1 so'e8+ere abo)t t+e 2lla&e. I5ll &o and fnd +'.9 B)t t+ere 8as
not+n& n t+e tone as n t+e 8ords to reass)re 'e.
%s +e s$o3e +e crossed t+e +all to o)r o8n roo' and t)rned t+e 3nob.
T+e door 8as loc3ed. 6+at co)ld t+at 'eanW Edde 8as et+er on t+e nsde
or +ad ta3en t+e 3e" a8a" 8t+ +'. /r. %. ran ro)nd to a 8ndo8 8t+ a
bro3en s$rn& 8+c+ co)ld be o$ened fro' t+e o)tsde. It 8ent )$ 8t+ a
clan&1 b)t a dense 2ol)'e of s'o3e dro2e +' bac3. %fter an nstant
anot+er atte'$t 8as 'ade1 and t+s t'e1 on a lo)n&e drectl" )nder t+e
8ndo81 +e st)'bled on t+e nsensble for' of lttle Edde1 s'ot+ered n
s'o3e. L'$ and a$$arentl" lfeless1 +e 8as borne nto t+e fres+ cold ar1
and after so'e ro)&+ +andln& 8as restored to consco)sness.
Edde sad1 on ret)rnn& fro' sc+ool +e 'ade a &ood fre1 and as t+e
8ood 8as sno8" t+o)&+t +e 8o)ld $)t t n t+e o2en to dr"G so'et+n& +e
+ad ne2er done before. T+en on lea2n& /rs. E.5s roo' +e 8ent n for an
a$$le before &on& to see Lbb" Rose5s $ct)re boo31 and t see'ed so nce
and 8ar' +e t+o)&+t +e 8o)ld le do8n a8+le. -e co)ld &2e no
e#$lanaton as to +ii,JPO- 8+at $ro'$ted +' to t)rn t+e 3e"J t 8as t+e frst
and last t'eG b)t t+s co)ld +a2e 'ade no dfference n t+e res)lt1 for no
one 8o)ld +a2e dsco2ered t+e s'o3e n t'e to sa2e +s lfe. T+e 8ood n
t+e o2en 8as b)rned to as+es1 b)t as t+e doors 8ere closed t+ere 8as no
dan&er of falln& e'bers settn& t+e +o)se on freG and +ad 8e sta"ed to t+e
concert e2er"t+n& 8o)ld +a2e been as 8+en 8e left1 e#ce$t t+at lttle
Edde5s 2oce 8o)ld ne2er 'ore +a2e 'ade ')sc for o)r ears. E2er" one
sad t+at 8t+ a dela" of f2e or e2en t+ree 'n)tes 8e s+o)ld +a2e been too
late.
((&ned) /R(. C. %. C. -%,(ELLE.
In re$l" to nE)res1 /rs. -adselle nfor'ed ,r. -od&son t+at t+e e2ent
too3 $lace abo)t *A?<1 Edde ben& t+en nne or ten "ears old. /r. %. s no
lon&er l2n&1 b)t t+e lad" at 8+ose +o)se t+e $art" 'et1 on ben& as3ed b"
/rs. -adselle 8+at s+e co)ld re'e'ber of t+e crc)'stances1 8roteJ
%LB%!Y1 !.Y.1 1anuary Bth, *A@*.
I re'e'ber dstnctl" t+e ncdent descrbed b" /rs. -adselle n +er
s3etc+1 %n :ns$o3en 6arnn&.9 It 8as at '" +o)se t+at t+e lttle $art"
&at+ered for t+e oldCfas+oned afternoon 2st and tea. I re'e'ber 8ell +er
stran&e condton1 arsn& fro' an#et" o2er t+e c+ld1 8+c+ +ad been left at
+o'e. T+e state'ent 'ade b" +er I bele2e to be tr)e.
/. 6. ROGER(.
)1* D . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *;B. T+e follo8n& acco)nt
8as sent to 'e b" Lad" de Vesc n /a" *A@*. 6+et+er t+e '$)lse to
tele&ra$+ 8as reall" connected 8t+ t+e d"n& lad"5s condton 8e cannot1 of
co)rse1 sa"1 b)t t+e concdence 8as certanl" re'ar3able.
2ay .<th, *A@*.
/ada'e 0. 8as a 2er" re'ar3able 8o'an1 and I 8as 'ost dee$l"
attac+ed to +er. (+e +ad +ad &reat tro)bles and dffc)ltes n +er lfe1 an
)n+a$$" 'arra&e1 and t8o sons 8+o 8ere entrel" ed)cated b" +er. 6+en
t+e" ca'e to London as cler3s n t+e ct" s+e follo8ed t+e' to 'a3e a
+o'e for t+e' t+ereG b)t as one 8as soon sent o)t to 8or3 at -on&CRon&
and t+e ot+er to a b)sness at Ba+a1 s+e so)&+t e'$lo"'ent for +erself n
London and ca'e to )s as &o2erness n *AB<. In *AB@ s+e beca'e ll1 and
s$ent t+e 8nter alone at Bo)rne'o)t+. (+e and I 8rote constantl" to eac+
ot+er1 and 8+en s+e 'o2ed to !or8ood for t+e s)''er of *A=> '" eldest
brot+er and I 8ent often to s$end lon& afternoons 8t+ +er. -e ded t+at
s)''er1 and alt+o)&+ s+e +ad not left +er sofa for 'ont+s s+e ca'e at once
to see 'e 8+en s+e +eard of o)r &reat sorro8G t+e doctor sad +e +ad ne2er
seen s)c+ an ndo'table s$rt as s+e s+o8ed t+ro)&+ +er llness1 and 8+en
n t+e s$rn& of *A=* (r 7. B)rro8s told +er t+at s+e +ad not 'an" 'ont+s
to l2e s+e resol2ed to &o o)t to -on&CRon& and see +er eldest son once
'ore. It 8as not t+o)&+t t+at s+e 8o)ld s)r22e t+e 2o"a&e. O)r dee$ lo2e
for eac+ ot+er 8as )nc+an&eable1 and t+s fnal fare8ell 8as a &reat &ref to
)s bot+. (+e reac+ed -on&CRon& and s$ent t+e last e&+teen 'ont+s of +er
lfe 8t+ +er son t+ere. I +eard fro' +er b" e2er" 'al.
In *A=. I 'arred1 and s+ortl" after8ards 8e 8ere E)artered at t+e
C)rra&+. It 8as fro' t+ere t+at I sent t+e tele&ra' 8+c+ s+e rece2ed less
t+an t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs before +er deat+. :ntl t8o "ears a&o I +ad n '"
$ossesson a +ii,JGP- fe8 fant lnes 8rtten b" +er on bl)e fore&n $a$er1
sa"n& s+e +ad rece2ed '" 'essa&e and t+at +er fe2er drea's9 8ere flled
8t+ 'e'ores of o)r +a$$" da"s to&et+er at Cannes and else8+ere. -er
son s no8 dead. -e ca'e to see 'e n 5=B1 and told 'e t+at '" tele&ra'
+ad 'ade +s 'ot+er 2er" +a$$".
T+e '$)lse t+at 'ade 'e co'')ncate 8t+ +er on t+at $artc)lar da"
8as a 2er" stron& one. It ca'e to 'e s)ddenl" and not n conseE)ence of
an" ncreased an#et" fro' ne8s rece2ed. On t+e contrar"1 t+e acco)nts
8ere E)te satsfactor". I +ad +eard fro' +er b" t+e 'al a fe8 da"s before.
I as3ed '" +)sband to &o 8t+ 'e to t+e C)rra&+ PostCOffce as I 8s+ed to
fnd o)t t+e cost of a tele&ra' to C+na1 and +e acco'$aned 'e to t+e PostC
Offce1 and 8e 8ere told t 8o)ld cost f? to send t8el2e 8ords or so1 I
t+n3. I at once 8rote and sent t+e 'essa&e contann& a fe8 8ords of
lo2n& &reetn&. T+ese 8ords s+e rece2ed and ac3no8led&ed onl" a fe8
+o)rs before +er deat+.
EVELY! ,E VE(CI.
Lord de Vesc addsJ
I certf" t+at t+e acco)nt &2en b" Lad" de Vesc s correct and acc)rate.
,E VE(CI.
1une .nd, *A@*.
)1) A . 4ro' a $a$er b" /rs. Verrall1 enttled (o'e E#$er'ents on
t+e ()$ernor'al %cE)ston of Rno8led&e19 n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1
2ol. #. $. *@*.
In t+ese cases a $ece of nfor'aton not consco)sl" $ossessed at t+e
'o'ent s con2e"ed to t+e consco)s ntell&ence b" 'eans of an a$$arent
'ec+ancal dffc)lt"1 8+c+ on e#a'naton t)rns o)t not to e#st. T+e
nfor'aton t+)s obtaned s )s)all" ne&at2eG t+at s1 t+s a$$arent
'ec+ancal dffc)lt" $re2ents '" don& so'et+n& )nnecessar" or
)ndesrable1 8+c+ I s+o)ld 3no8 to be s)c+ f I t+o)&+t abo)t t1 b)t 8+c+
fro' t+o)&+tlessness I a' on t+e $ont of don&. %n ll)straton 8ll 'a3e
'" 'eann& clearer.
Constantl"1 8+en )sn& '" t"$e8rter1 t +as +a$$ened to 'e to fnd a
dffc)lt" n $ressn& a 3e"1 so &reat a dffc)lt" as to obl&e 'e to loo3 to
see 8+at s 8ron&. I t+en see t+at 8+at s 8ron& s t+at '" fn&er 8as on t+e
8ron& 3e"1 b)t t+ere s1 n fact1 no dffc)lt" 8+ate2er n de$ressn& t+e 3e"
f I deter'ne to do so. T+e effect of t+s a$$arent 'ec+ancal dffc)lt" s to
dra8 '" attenton n t'e to t+e 'sta3e I a' on t+e $ont of 'a3n&.Y
L%&an1M I 8rote1 n t+e afternoon1 f2e letters1 and t+en stretc+ed o)t '"
left +and to t+e statoner" case to ta3e t+e necessar" en2elo$es. I 8anted
f2e1 and as I can )s)all" ta3e a s'all n)'ber 8t+o)t error e#$ected to ta3e
f2e. B)t I dd not &et eno)&+G I fo)nd t+at I onl" +ad t+ree1 and tred to ta3e
a co)$le 'ore. B)t one of t+ese t8o sl$$ed t+ro)&+ '" fn&ers1 and I onl"
+eld one. I 8as E)te 2e#ed at '" 'aladrotness1 &a2e )$ a f)rt+er atte'$t
for t+e $resent and $roceeded to fold '" letters1 $)t t+e' nto en2elo$es1
and address t+e'. 6+en I ca'e to t+e fft+ letter1 I re'e'bered t+at I +ad
an en2elo$e read" addressed for t+s letter1 as I +ad 8rtten t+e n&+t before1
b)t torn )$ t+e letter after rece2n& a letter b" t+e late $ost1 8+c+ decded
'e to 8at for f)ller nfor'aton. I +ad 3e$t t+e en2elo$e1 and t 8as
act)all" l"n& on '" table 8+le I 8as tr"n& to ta3e t+e f2e en2elo$es. I
'a" +a2e seen t1 b)t f I dd1 t 8as )nconsco)sl"G t 8as onl" 8+en I
fo)nd t+at I co)ld not &et f2e en2elo$es t+at I dsco2ered t+at I dd not
reE)re 'ore t+an fo)r.
+ii,JGG-
)1) B . 4ro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;<<.
T+e follo8n& s a case n 8+c+1 as I conce2e1 t+e s)bl'nal self +as
obser2ed 8+at t+e s)$ral'nal +as faled to notce1 and +as &enerated a
+all)cnaton1 n order to c+ec3 t+e 'sta3en acton to 8+c+ t+at
nad2ertence 8as leadn&. In t+s case1 all t+at needs correcton s a 'ere act
of dstractona fal)re to loo3 caref)ll" at an obDect f)ll" n s&+t.
4ro' /rs. E. R. ELLIOTT1 8fe of t+e Re2. E. R. Ellott.
%bo)t t8ent" "ears a&o I rece2ed so'e letters b" $ost1 one of 8+c+
contaned f*? n ban3 notes. %fter readn& t+e letters I 8ent nto t+e 3tc+en
8t+ t+e' n '" +ands. I 8as alone at t+e t'e1 no one ben& near 'e1
e#ce$t t+e coo31 and s+e 8as n t+e sc)ller". -a2n& done 8t+ t+e letters1 I
'ade a 'oton to t+ro8 t+e' nto t+e fre1 8+en I dstnctl" felt '" +and
arrested n t+e act. It 8as as t+o)&+ anot+er +and 8ere &entl" lad )$on '"
o8n1 $ressn& t bac3. /)c+ s)r$rsed1 I loo3ed at '" +and1 and t+en sa8
t+at t contaned not t+e letters I +ad ntended to destro"1 b)t t+e ban3 notes1
and t+at t+e letters 8ere n t+e ot+er +and. I 8as so s)r$rsed t+at I called
o)t1 6+o s +ereW9 I called t+e coo3 and told +er1 and also told '" +)sband
on t+e frst o$$ort)nt". I ne2er +ad an" s'lar e#$erence before or snce.
(tate'ent b" Re2. E. R. ELLIOTT.
I re'e'ber '" 8fe descrbn& t+e abo2e ad2ent)re to 'e at t+e t'e1
and also t+at s+e 8as nearl" fantn& fro' t+e e#cte'ent ca)sed b" t.
E. R. ELLIOTT.
)19 A . In t+e follo8n& case t+e +"$ot+ess of a s)bl'nal
+"$erFst+etc dscern'ent of t+e bfd fern b" ordnar" e"es&+t s $ossbl"
a$$lcable. T+e acco)nt s a translaton of t+at &2en n t+e Annaes des
Sciences &sychiques (/a"7)ne1 *A@?)1 b" /. %dren G)eb+ard1
Professe)r a&rU&U a la 4ac)ltU de /Udecne.
On t+e ;>t+ /a" *A@;1 I 8as on a &eolo&cal e#c)rson n t+e en2rons
of !ce. %fter a 2er" )neas" n&+t1 $assed n t+e 2lla&e of Contes1 I set o)t
n a rat+er bad +)'o)r n t+e drecton of EscarOne b" an old road1 8+ere
'" ds&)st 8as +e&+tened b" seen& on '" r&+t a lon& 'o)nd of
absol)tel" no nterest1 et+er $alFontolo&cal or strat&ra$+cal. In 2an I
tred to console '"self b" see3n& n t+e cre2ces of t+e 'ost1 dr$$n&
stone1 or )nder t+e t)fts of &reen 'aden+ar1 so'e rare snalCs+ell for a
collecton belon&n& to '" frends. I +ad alread" res&ned '"self to t+e
)nnterestn& 8al3 of t+e ordnar" to)rst1 8+en s)ddenl" a flas+ of
recollecton arrested '" 8andern& attentona 'e'or" datn& fro' '"
old $asson of lon& a&o for botan"1 re22ed for a s+ort t'e n *AA@ b" t+e
$)blcaton of a 8or3 on t+e abnor'al $arttons of ferns1 b)t certanl" lon&
snce abandoned. Pro'$tl"1 and 8t+ all t+e ntenst" of an old lon&n&
ne2er satsfed1 I conce2ed a &reat a'bton for an obDect 8+c+1 +a2n&
been 2anl" so)&+t1 +ad al'ost $assed nto a '"t+1 na'el"1 t+e Aspenium
Trichomanes, or Co''on /aden+ar ($leen8ort abnor'all" bf)rcated1
8+c+ I +ad often seen 'entoned n a boo31 b)t 8+c+ I +ad ne2er once1
d)rn& t+rt" "ears1 been able to dsco2er1 n s$te of t+e &reat ab)ndance of
t+e nor'al s$eces.
+ii,JGH-
-ardl" 8as t+s 'ental $ct)re e2o3ed1 before '" e"es1 as f dra8n b"
t+e real 'a&e1 8ere arrested b" one a'on&st all t+e &reen t)fts 8+c+
s)rro)nded 'e1 and a'on&st all t+e fronds 8+c+ co'$osed t1b" one
alone1 8+c+1 t8o "ards off1 +ad t+e e#act a$$earance of a bf)rcaton.
P)rel" a$$earance1 I sad to '"self1 dra8n& near. ('$l" t+e
D)#ta$oston of t8o ne&+bo)rn& fronds1 8+c+ I +a2e so often 'sta3en
for t.
(ce$tcal e2en 8+le &at+ern& t1 I co)ld not bele2e '" e"es. B)t t+e
e2dence 8as )ndenable1 and 8+en1 ')c+ astons+ed b)t +&+l" del&+ted1
I +ad $l)c3ed t+e fern1 I sad to '"self +alfCalo)d1 as t+o)&+ )ttern& a
c+allen&e1 6ell1 I onl" 8ant no8 to fnd t+e Cet%.9 I +ad not fns+ed '"
sentence 8+en '" &aNe1 lea2n& t+e +&+ 8all on t+e r&+t 8+ere t 8as stll
'ec+ancall" searc+n&1 fell belo8 t+e foot$at+ on t+e left1 at t+e foot of t+e
b)ttress1 on a $oor sc3l" $lant of Ceterach <$$icinarum (Co''on (caleC
4ern or (cal" ($leen8ort) cro8ded nto t+e 'dst of t+e Aspenium
(($leen8orts) as f deDected at fndn& tself n t+s da'$ s+ad" corner
nstead of a cre2ce n a dr" and s)nn" 8all1 8+c+ s t+e )s)al abode of t+s
s$eces.
%nd t+s $lant1 8+c+ ordnarl" I s+o)ld ne2er +a2e drea'ed of see3n&
n s)c+ a s$ot1 t+s fern of E)te s'$le 2enaton1 ed&es 2er" sl&+tl"
d2ded1 and )nder s)rfaces all scal"1 n fact 8t+ an a$$earance so o$$osed
to t+e dea of $artton t+at (ne2er +a2n& co'e across a s$ec'en et+er n
'" "o)t+f)l researc+es1 n t+e s$lendd collectons of t+e /)se)'1 or n an"
+erbal or rare boo3) I +ad concl)ded t to be nonCe#stentan '$ossble
ano'al"t 8as1 I sa"1 a frond of t+s fern t+at a$$eared before 'e toda" at
'" bddn&1 as n Perra)lt5s stores1 as clearl" b$artte as t+e Aspenium
close b" +ad been.
Ben& at once led on1 and co2eto)sl" $)s+n& '" reasonn& stra&+t to
t+e $rnc$al concl)son of '" old obser2atons on t+e so'e8+at e$de'c
and at t+e sa'e t'e local c+aracter of t+ese frea3s of nat)re1 I ar&)edJ If I
+a2e fo)nd one1 and e2en t8o bf)rcated fronds1 certanl" t+e t+rd s not far
to see3.9 %nd n less t'e t+an t +ad ta3en to anno)nce t+s decson1
8t+o)t an" +estaton1 a'on&st all t+e attract2e &ro)$s of fern1 I
dstn&)s+ed ''edatel" one frond of 'aden+ar s+o8n& t8o clearl"C
'ar3ed $onts.
I s+o)ld ne2er +a2e 'ade )$ '" 'nd to $)t t+s ncdent n 8rtn&1 at
t+e rs3 of occasonn& t+e reader5s sce$tcal s'le1 f t+e rec)rrence of t+e
sa'e ad2ent)re t8ce n t+e co)rse of t+s sa'e "ear +ad not confr'ed t+e
realt" and de'onstrated t+e '$ortance of t+e $s"c+olo&cal $roble'.
On t+e At+ %)&)st *A@;1 at La)sanne ((8tNerland) I +ad D)st
acco'$aned so'e frends ret)rnn& to t+e co)ntr"1 8+ose &a" con2ersaton
8as an"t+n& rat+er t+an botancal1 and t+e last &oodCb"es 8ere +ardl" sad1
8+en all at once1 as I 8al3ed alon& t+e $at+ 8e +ad ta3en a 'n)te or t8o
earler1 t+ere s+ot nto '" +ead1 8t+o)t r+"'e or reason1 t+e dea of a
d2ded 'aden+ar1 and ''edatel" I $)t '" +and on a frond1 t+en f)rt+er
on on a second1 and a&an on anot+er1 al8a"s 'a3n& '" c+oce at once
8t+o)t &ro$n& n t+e lon& &reen 'antle of t+e &reat 8all. %fter8ards I n
2an retraced '" ste$s to e#$lore conscento)sl"1 8t+ attenton1 and at
len&t+1 t+e fft" "ards of $at+8a"G t+ere 8as not+n& 'ore1 or I co)ld see no
'ore.
Ten da"s later I 8as 2stn& near C+a'bUr" 8t+ a &a" and n)'ero)s
$art" t+e celebrated co)ntr" +o)se C+ar'ettes1 stll al2e 8t+ 'e'ores of
7ean 7acE)es Ro)ssea). %s I crossed t+e t+res+old1 t+e t+an3s of t+e
careta3er stll n '" ears1 and before '" e"es t+e $ct)res of t+e
Con$essions, I nstnct2el" felt '" &aNe dra8n to8ards t+e lttle 8all of t+e
terrace1 8+ere1 +ii,JGI- at t+e frst &lance a'on&st se2eral st)nted t)fts1
8+c+ 8ere after8ards to f)rns+ 'e 8t+ se2eral s'lar s$ec'ens1 I
dsco2ered an e#tre'el" c)ro)s $lant of 'aden+ar1 s)c+ as I dd not "et
$ossess1 8t+ fronds not 'erel" bf)rcated1 b)t reall" ra'fed.
6as t t+s t'e a re'nscence of Lettres s)r la botanE)e9 8+c+ +ad
&2en t+e s)&&estonW 6as t not1 as 8ell as t+e t'e before1 s'$l" an ec+o
at a relat2el" s+orter dstance of t+e e#ctn& e#$erence n t+e 'ont+ of
/a"W I do not t+n3 so1 for 8t+ re&ard to t+e latter not+n& of t+e sort co)ld
be ar&)ed1 and t see's1 on t+e contrar"1 t+at t 8as $recsel" t+e absence of
all a$$recable ca)se1 t+e a$$arentl" co'$lete s$ontanet" of t+e frst 2son1
to 8+c+ 8as d)e t+e ntenst" of t+e seconda real second sight 8+c+
leads nfallbl" stra&+t to t+e 'ar3. T+at 'ar3 s e2dentl" $reCe#stent1 of a
real 3nd1 and $er+a$sone '&+t defend t+s 2e8Zs tself b" ts s'$le
$resence1 and b" a sort of selfCdsc+ar&e at a dstance1 t+e )ns)s$ected and
)n$erce2ed ca)se of t+e s)dden nternal re22al of a s'lar 'a&e1 storedC
)$ lon& a&oGt+e s$ontaneo)s e#terorsaton of 8+c+1 and t+e $lacn& of
t n concdence 8t+ t+e corres$ondn& obDect1 8o)ld constt)te $recsel"
t+e fact of t+e dsco2er"t+at s to sa"1 s'$l" t+e $roof of t+e e#stence
of t+at obDect. 6+ate2er 'a" be t+e ca)se1 t see's certan t+at onl" t+e
abr)$tness1 t+e s)ddenness of t+e cerebral a8a3enn& s ca$able of &2n&
'o'entarl" to t+e sensoral fac)ltes t+at ac)teness n so'e sort $ro$+etc1
8+c+ a)to'atcall" attracts t+e 'ateral obDect of t+e 'ental e2ocaton1 not
o)t of not+n&1 as a s)$erstto)s 'nd '&+t bele2e1 b)t s'$l" o)t of t+e
relat2e obsc)rt" n 8+c+ t 8o)ld +a2e re'aned )nder ot+er
crc)'stances.
!o nor'al tenson of t+e 'nd1 no effort of 8ll1 no abltes e#ercsed at
t+er best co)ld attan to t+e res)lts of t+ese ra$d 'o'ents of te'$orar"
+"$erCst')laton. !e2er1 e#ce$t on t+e t+ree occasons I +a2e recorded1
+a2e I been able to fnd t+e abnor'al Aspenium, stll less t+e abnor'al
Ceterach, alt+o)&+ e2er" "ear1 sooner or later1 t+o)sands of s$ec'ens +a2e
$assed before '" e"es1 a'on&st 8+c+ I +a2e often tred on soltar" 8al3s
n t+e 'ost 2ared localtes1 8t+ all t+e concentraton of attenton of 8+c+
I a' ca$able1 and t+e f)llest )se of a fac)lt" of dsco2er" de2elo$ed b" old
nat)ralstc +abt1 to dsco2er t+e rare obDect1 t+e eternal a'bton of t+e
collector. I often fo)nd ot+er t+n&s1 b)t ne2er t+at.Y
%,RIE! G:EB-%R,.
LIn ans8er to t+e follo8n& E)eston b" t+e Edtor of t+e Annaes,M %s to
t+e fact of fndn& t+ree Labnor'al fernsM n a s'all s$ace1 s t $ossble t+at
t+s 'onstrost" 'a" be deter'ned b" certan local ca)ses n s)c+ a 'anner
t+at n a 2er" l'ted area 'an" 'a" occ)r1 8+lst for se2eral +)ndreds of
"ards not one 'a" be 'et 8t+W LProfessor G)eb+ard re$ledJM
I can re$l" at once Yes19 for s)c+ 8as e#actl" t+e concl)son I ca'e to
on '" frst st)d" of t+s s)bDect1 confr'ed b" '" last fnd at Conteses,
&ins.
T+ese abnor'al &ro8t+s are al'ost al8a"s n lttle &ro)$s1 for'n&
8ellCdefned slands1 as t 8ere1 n t+e 'dst of nor'al $lants1 $ro2n& t+e
e#ternal1 local1 and nonCnd2d)al c+aracter of t+e or&nal ca)sal leson1
8+c+ '&+t be d)e1 as I t+n31 to so'e 'croCor&ans'1 et+er 2e&etable or
an'al1 a $araste f)n&od or &na8n& nsect.Y
+ii,JGJ-
)(1 A . In t+e follo8n& case1 as n t+at of /r. C. 6. /oses1 E)oted n
t+e te#t1 so'e s)bl'nal sense of s'ell 'a" be conDect)red. It s ta3en
fro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <.*.
.; (T. %!,RE65( ,RIVE1 POLLOR(-IEL,(1 GL%(GO61
2arch ;*st, *A@;.
4fteen or s#teen "ears +a2e ela$sed snce I +ad t+e follo8n&
clar2o"ant e#$erence1 b)t at t+e t'e I 8as ')c+ str)c3 b" t1 and
descrbed t 'n)tel" to se2eral of '" frends1 so t+at I feel s)re I can
re'e'ber t+e facts acc)ratel". T+e crc)'stances 8ere 'ost $rosac1 and I
a 'atterCofCfact nd2d)al1 8t+ lttle nterest and less fat+ n $s"c+cal
$+eno'ena. I 8as abo)t e&+teen "ears of a&e1 at +o'e for '" 8nter
+olda"1 b)t ta3n& no nterest n +o)se+old 'atters1 and I E)eston 8+et+er
on t+at $artc)lar e2enn& I 3ne8 t+at t +ad been t+e 8as+n&Cda".
I +ad &one )$stars to loo3 for a 'ssn& 3nttn& needle1 and 8as
ret)rnn& to t+e $arlo)r 8ondern& 8+et+er I +ad dro$$ed t t+ere1 8+en
s)ddenl" I 8as arrested b" a stran&e feeln&1 and sa8 before 'e a 2son of
fla'es1 and felt rresstbl" '$elled to &o t+ro)&+ a door at t+e end of t+e
$assa&e and do8n so'e ste$s nto t+e 3tc+en. T+ere all 8as E)et1 and I
ca'e $artall" o)t of t+e tranceCl3e state1 and fo)nd '"self t+n3n&1 6+"
a' I +ereW I5ll &o )$stars.9 B)t a&an I sa8 t+e fre1 and felt I ')st &o nto
t+e adDonn& la)ndr". On o$enn& t+e door1 I 8as n no 8a" s)r$rsed to see
D)st s)c+ a scene as +ad d)rn& t+e $recedn& 'o'ents been dstnctl"
before '" 'ental 2son. % Donted &as brac3et +ad D)st fallen on to a dr"
+ea$ of s+eets and to8els1 8+c+ 8ere blaNn& al'ost to t+e celn&. 6t+ a
lttle dffc)lt" I e#tn&)s+ed t+e fla'es1 and 8ent to tell t+e rest of t+e
+o)se+old 8+at +ad occ)rred. I re'e'ber I +ad a stran&e feeln& n '"
+ead1 as f I +ad D)st a8a3ened o)t of an )nnat)ral state.
!o ot+er $erson 8as near at t+e t'e1 t+e 8as+er8o'an +a2n& &one
+o'e and t+e ser2ants ben& )$stars. !or co)ld I e2en )nconsco)sl" +a2e
s'elled b)rnn&1 as t8o doors 8ere closed bet8een1 and t+e &asC$$e +ad
e2dentl" fallen onl" a fe8 'o'ents before I entered1 or t+e fla'es 8o)ld
+a2e s$read f)rt+er. T+e la)ndr" 8as st)ated D)st )nder a 8ooden starcase
n t+e 'ddle of a 2er" dr" +o)se1 so f t+e fre +ad been )ndsco2ered for
e2en a fe8 'n)tes t+e conseE)ences ')st +a2e been dsastro)s to t+e
+o)se.
(e2eral 'e'bers of t+e fa'l" re'e'ber t+e occ)rrence1 and I +a2e stll
an old ser2ant of t+e fa'l" 8+o dstnctl" re'e'bers t. I +a2e ne2er +ad
an" rec)rrence of s)c+ a $+eno'enon1 and 8as at t+e t'e ')c+ s)r$rsed
t+at I s+o)ld +a2e been t+e s)bDect of an e#$erence so stran&e and so real.
/. -. GR%Y.
T+e &entle'an 8+o sends t+s case 8rtes t+at +e +as rece2ed orall" t+e
confr'ator" test'on" of 7esse1 t+e old ser2ant1 and encloses t+e
corroborat2e state'ent of /rs. ElNabet+ 6+te1 ste$'ot+er of t+e
$erc$ent.
/rs. ElNabet+ 6+te does not re'e'ber t+at s+e 8as told at t+e t'e
$art of t+e 2son. (+e 8rtesJ
/" da)&+ter1 at +o'e fro' sc+ool1 not nat)rall" do'estcated1 seldo'
8ent near t+e 3tc+en1 8+c+ 8as s+)t off fro' t+e +all b" a s8n&Cdoor. On
t+e n&+t abo2e 'entoned s+e ca'e nto t+e $arlo)r loo3n& so $ale and
a&tated +ii,JGK- ben& nat)rall" ner2o)st+at I at once as3ed 8+at 8as
t+e 'atter1 and 8+en s+e co)ld s$ea3 s+e sad1 /a''a1 t s a 8onder t+e
+o)se 8as not on fre19 and t+en told of +a2n& t+e stron& '$resson t+at
s+e ')st &o do8n to t+e la)ndr"1 t+at t+ere 8as fre. (+e +ad to &o t+ro)&+
t8o closed doors to &et t+ere1 and 8as not a8are t+at no one 8as n t+e
la)ndr" at t+e t'e. -er $ro'$tt)de n sta'$n& o)t t+e fre of t+e b)rnn&
s+eets no do)bt sa2ed t+e +o)se1 and acco)nted for +er $alld loo3 on
ret)rnn& to t+e $arlo)r. T+s occ)rred abo)t ffteen "ears a&o.
ELIV%BET- 6-ITE.
!OR6OO,1 T-IR/.
)(, A . 4ro' &hantasms o$ the .iving, 2ol. . $. .A?.
C%T-E,R%L Y%R,1 6I!C-E(TER1 1anuary ;*st, *AA<.
I res$ectf)ll" be& to offer "o) a s+ort state'ent of '" e#$erence on a
s)bDect 8+c+ I do not )nderstand. Let 'e $re'se t+at I a' not a sc+olar1
as I left sc+ool 8+en t8el2e "ears of a&e n *A.=1 and I t+erefore +o$e "o)
8ll for&2e all sns a&anst co'$oston and &ra''ar. I a' a 8or3n&
fore'an of 'asons at 6nc+ester Cat+edral1 and +a2e been for t+e last nne
"ears a resdent n t+s ct". I a' a nat2e of Ednb)r&+.
It s no8 'ore t+an t+rt" "ears a&o t+at I 8as l2n& n London1 2er"
near 8+ere t+e Great 6estern Ral8a" no8 stands1 b)t 8+c+ 8as not t+en
b)lt. I 8as 8or3n& n t+e Re&ent5s Par3 for /essrs. /o8le'1 B)rt1 &
4ree'an1 8+o at t+at t'e +ad t+e Go2ern'ent contract for t+ree "ears for
t+e 'asons5 8or3 of t+e ca$tal1 and 8+o "et carr" on a '&+t" b)sness at
/llban31 6est'nster. I t+n3 t 8as Glo)cester Gate1 f I 'sta3e not. %t
all e2ents1 t 8as t+at &ate of Re&ent5s Par3 to t+e east8ard of t+e Voolo&cal
Gardens1 at t+e nort+Ceast corner of t+e $ar3. T+e dstance fro' '" +o'e
8as too &reat for 'e to &et +o'e to 'eals1 so I carred '" food 8t+ 'e1
and t+erefore +ad no call to lea2e t+e 8or3 all da". On a certan da"1
+o8e2er1 I s)ddenl" felt an ntense desre to &o +o'e1 b)t as I +ad no
b)sness t+ere I tred to s)$$ress t1b)t t 8as not $ossble to do so. E2er"
'n)te t+e desre to &o +o'e ncreased. It 8as ten n t+e 'ornn&1 and I
co)ld not t+n3 of an"t+n& to call 'e a8a" fro' t+e 8or3 at s)c+ a t'e. I
&ot fd&et" and )neas"1 and felt as f I ')st &o1 e2en at t+e rs3 of ben&
rdc)led b" '" 8fe1 as I co)ld &2e no reason 8+" I s+o)ld lea2e '" 8or3
and lose Bd. an +o)r for nonsense. -o8e2er1 I co)ld not sta"1 and I set off
for +o'e )nder an '$)lse 8+c+ I co)ld not resst.
6+en I reac+ed '" o8n door and 3noc3ed1 t+e door 8as o$ened b" '"
8fe5s sster1 a 'arred 8o'an1 8+o l2ed a fe8 streets off. (+e loo3ed
s)r$rsed1 and sad1 6+"1 (3r2n&1 +o8 dd "o) 3no8W9 Rno8 8+atW9 I
sad. 6+"1 abo)t /ar" %nn.9 I sad1 I don5t 3no8 an"t+n& abo)t /ar"
%nn9 ('" 8fe). T+en 8+at bro)&+t "o) +o'e at $resentW9 I sad1 I can
+ardl" tell "o). I see'ed to 8ant to co'e +o'e. B)t 8+at s 8ron&W9 I
as3ed. (+e told 'e t+at '" 8fe +ad been r)n o2er b" a cab and been 'ost
sero)sl" nD)red abo)t an +o)r a&o1 and s+e +ad called for 'e e2er snce1
b)t 8as no8 n fts1 and +ad se2eral n s)ccesson. I 8ent )$stars1 and
t+o)&+ 2er" ll s+e reco&nsed 'e1 and stretc+ed fort+ +er ar's and too3 'e
ro)nd t+e nec3 and $)lled '" +ead do8n nto +er boso'. T+e fts $assed
a8a" drectl"1 and '" $resence see'ed to tranE)llse +er1 so t+at s+e &ot
nto slee$1 and dd 8ell. -er sster told 'e t+at s+e +ad +ii,JGL- )ttered t+e
'ost $teo)s cres for 'e to co'e to +er1 alt+o)&+ t+ere 8as not t+e least
l3el+ood of '" co'n&. T+s s+ort narrat2e +as onl" one 'ertG t s
strctl" tr)e.
%LE0%!,ER (RIRVI!G.
In ans8er to t+e E)eston 8+et+er t+e t'e of t+e accdent corres$onded
8t+ t+e t'e 8+en +e felt a desre to &o +o'e1 /r. (3r2n& sa"sJ
I as3ed '" 8fe5s sster 8+at t'e t+e accdent occ)rred1 and s+e sad
%n +o)r and a +alf a&o9t+at s1 fro' t+e t'e I ca'e +o'e. !o81 t+at
8as e#actl" concdent 8t+ t+e t'e I 8anted to lea2e 8or3. It too3 'e an
+o)r to 8al3 +o'eG and I 8as E)te +alfCanC+o)r str)&&ln& n '" 'nd to
o2erco'e t+e 8s+ to lea2e 8or3 before I dd so.
L-e addsJM Yo) as3 'e f I e2er +ad a s'lar '$resson on an" ot+er
occason. I ne2er +ad. It 8as E)te a sn&le and )nE)e e#$erence.
/r. (3r2n&5s 8fe s dead. -s ssterCnCla81 /rs. V"e1 s n !e8
Vealand. -er +)sband1 8rtn& fro' Ota&o on 7)l" *st1 *AA?1 sa"s t+at s+e
cannot no8 &2e $artc)lars of t+e occ)rrence1 t+o)&+ s+e re'e'bers t+e
accdent 2er" 8ell.
)30 A . 4ro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. ..BK;*. In t+s case1
anagrams 8ere 8rtten a)to'atcall" b" /r. %.1 8+o descrbes +s
e#$erence as follo8sJ
CLELI%1 OR :!CO!(CIO:( CEREBR%TIO!.
T+e e#$er'ent 8as 'ade Easter *AA;1 )$on one da"1 and1 after an
nter2al of a 8ee31 contn)ed )$on t+ree consec)t2e da"sG )$on fo)r da"s
n all. :$on t+e frst da" I beca'e sero)sl" nterestedG on t+e second
$)NNledG on t+e t+rd I see'ed to be entern& )$on entrel" no2el
e#$erences1 +alf a8f)l and +alf ro'antcG )$on t+e fo)rt+ t+e s)bl'e
ended 2er" $anf)ll" n t+e rdc)lo)s.
4IR(T ,%Y.
X. *. :$on 8+at condtons 'a" I learn fro' t+e )nseenW
/" +and ''edatel" 'o2ed1 t+o)&+ not to a 2er" satsf"n& ss)e. B)t1
as '" e#$ectaton of t+e ans8er +ad been t+at t+e condton 8as a strct
ad+erence to t+e absol)te r)le of r&+t1 +olness n s+ort1 I too3 t+s ans8er
to be at an" rate consstent 8t+ '" e#$ectaton1 and contn)edJ
X. .. Dhat s t t+at no# moves '" $enW %. .. Rel&on. X. ;. 6+at
'o2es '" $en to 8rte that ans8erW %. ;. Conscence. X. <. 6+at s
rel&onW %. <. 6ors+$.
-ere arose a dffc)lt". %lt+o)&+ I dd not e0pect et+er of t+ese t+ree
ans8ers1 "et 8+en t+e frst fe8 letters +ad been 8rtten I e#$ected t+e
re'ander of t+e 8ord. T+s '&+t 2tate t+e res)lt.Y %s f to 'eet t+e
dffc)lt"1Y'" ne#t E)eston rece2ed a sn&)lar re$l".
X. ?. 6ors+$ of 8+atW %. ?. 8b8b8b8b8b. X. B. 6+at s t+e
'eann& of 8bW %. B. 6n1 b)". X. =. 6+atW %. =. Rno8 (led&e).
-ere I 3ne8 t+e letters 8+c+ 8ere to follo81 and t+e $en 'ade a
s)dden Der31 as f t 8ere )seless to contn)e.
X. A. -o8W
-ere I 8as referred to t+e frst ans8er.Y
+ii,JGM-
(ECO!, ,%Y.
X. *. 6+at s 'anW (i.e. 6+at s t+e nat)re of +s ben&W) %. *. 4lse. /"
$en 8as at frst 2er" 2olentl" a&tated1 8+c+ +ad not been t+e case )$on
t+e frst da". It 8as E)te a 'n)te before t 8rote as abo2e. :$on t+e
analo&" of #b, I $roceeded.
X. .. 6+at does 4 stand forW %. .. 4es. X. ;. *W %. ;. le. X. <. W %. <.
2". X. ?. sW %. ?. sr. X. B. eW %. B. e"e. 4es le 2" sr e"e.
X. =. Is t+s an ana&ra'W %. =. Yes. X. A. -o8 'an" 8ords n t+e
ans8erW %. A. 4o)r.
I tred for a fe8 'n)tes to sol2e t 8t+o)t s)ccess. !ot carn& to s$end
')c+ t'e n tr"n& to sol2e 8+at '&+t +a2e no sol)ton1 I &a2e t )$.
T-IR, ,%Y.
X. *. (re$.) 6+at s 'anW %. *. Tef -asl Esble Les.
T+s ans8er 8as 8rtten r&+t off.
X. .. Is t+s an ana&ra'W %. .. Yes. X. ;. -o8 'an" 8ords n t+e
ans8erW %. ;. V (i.e., f2e). X. <. 6+at s t+e frst 8ordW %. <. (ee. X. ?.
6+at s t+e second 8ordW %. ?. Eeeeee. X. B. (eeW /)st I nter$ret t
'"selfW %. B. Tr".
Presentl" I &ot o)t1 Lfe s t+e less able.9 !e#t I tred t+e ana&ra'
&2en )$on t+e $re2o)s da"1 and at last obtaned1 E2er" lfe s "es.9 B)t
'" $en s&nfed t+at t $referred t+e follo8n& order of 8ords1 E2er" lfe
"es s.9Y
I do not 3no8 8+et+er an" ot+er nter$retatons can be &2en to t+e
letters. B)t t+ese f)lfl t+e reE)re'ents as to t+e n)'ber of 8ordsG and t+e
acton of t+e $en1 assstn& n t+e $rocess of nter$retaton1 $ontn& to t+e
letters1 acce$tn& t+ese and reDectn& t+ose co'bnatons1 left no do)bt n
'" 'nd t+at I +ad +t t+e 'eann&.
B)t no8 I 8as so astons+ed at t+e a$$arentl" nde$endent 8ll and
ntellect 'anfested n for'n& t+e abo2e ana&ra's t+at1 for t+e nonce1 I
beca'e a co'$lete con2ert to ($rt)als'G and t 8as not 8t+o)t
so'et+n& of a8e1 t+at I $)tJ
X. =. 6+o art t+o)W %. =. Ceia!! X. A. T+o) art a 8o'anW %. A. Yes.
X. @. -ast t+o) e2er l2ed )$on t+e eart+W %. @. !o. X. *>. 6lt t+o)W %. *>.
Yes. X. **. 6+enW %. **. (# "ears. X. *.. 6+erefore dost t+o) s$ea3 8t+
'eW %. *.. E f Clela e l.
It +as been alread" sad t+at 8+en I e#$er'ented I +ad a certan fe2er of
s$ec)lat2e $ess's' )$on 'e. It 8as1 t+erefore1 8t+ ncreasn&
e#cte'ent t+at I $erce2ed as an nter$retaton1 I Clela feel.9 B)t )$on '"
as3n& 8+et+er t+s 8as r&+t1 Clela9 8rote a&an t+)sJ E f Clela e l. .>.
X. *;. Is .> "o)r a&eW %. *;. {. ((+e 8as eternal.) X. *<. T+en .> 8+atW
%. *<. 6ords.Y
4O:RT- ,%Y.
I be&an '" E)estonn& n t+e sa'e e#alted 'ood1 b)t1 to '" s)r$rse1
dd not &et t+e sa'e ans8er.
X. *. 6+erefore dost t+o) s$ea3 8t+ 'eW %. *. L6a2" lne. Re$etton
and e'$+assJ 6+erefore dost thou s$ea3 8t+ meWM
-o8e2er1 I t+o)&+t t+s a sole'n and $ercn& reDonder19 and
$roceeded to consder '" 'ot2es1 and $)rf" t+e' fro' all eart+l" and
)ns$rt)al allo". T+en
X. .. 6+erefore dost t+o) ans8er 'eW %. .. L6a2" lne. 6+erefore dost
+ii,JGN- thou ans8er meWM X. ;. ,o I ans8er '"selfW %. ;. Yes. X. <. Is
Clela +ereW %. <. !o. X. ?. 6+o s t1 t+en1 no8 +ereW %. ?. !obod". X. B.
,oes Clela e#stW %. B. !o. X. =. 6t+ 8+o' dd I s$ea3 "esterda"W %. =.
!o one. X. A. 6+" ddst t+o) leW %. A. L6a2" lne. 6+" ddst thou leWM X.
@. ,o so)ls e#st n anot+er 8orldW %. @. ' b. X. *>. 6+at does ' b 'eanW
%. *>. /a" be. X. **. 6+at 8as t+at last ans8er of "esterda" a&anW %. **.
Ef Clela o el1 i.e. I feel no ClelaG or1 t+e or&nal 'a" +a2e been I Clela
flee.9 %nd t+e .> 'eant no, ne&at2n& '" nter$retaton.
/" $en no8 beca'e alto&et+er 8ld1 so'et'es affr'n& and
so'et'es den"n& t+e e#stence of Clela.Y %l'ost t+e last ana&ra' I
rece2ed 8asJ 62fs "otettestf"1 2o8.Y
Note.I s'$l" too3 a $en nto '" +and. (nce1 I +a2e tred 8t+ t+e
$lanc+ette1 b)t 8t+o)t an" s)ccess.
I +a2e ne2er 3no8n an" one na'ed Clela.
I +a2e not been n t+e +abt of 8rtn& ana&ra's1 t+o)&+ I +a2e done so
n bo"+ood.
To t+e ana&ra's cted abo2e t8o ot+ers s+o)ld be added1 8+c+ /r. %.
obtaned at abo)t t+e sa'e t'e. T+ese 8ere ieb iov og$ #e (I &o1 2o8
belef)1 and neb GL vbiy ev AB e ear$ ee (Bele2e b" fear e2enZ *ABB). T+s
last 8as an ans#er to t+e E)eston1 -o8 s+all I bele2eW9 and see's E)te
to ne&at2e t+e +"$ot+ess t+at t+e ana&ra's 8ere 'ere c+ance
co'bnatons of letters1 8+c+ +a$$ened to be s)sce$tble of arran&e'ent n
sentences. It s+o)ld be 'entoned1 +o8e2er1 t+at t+ere 8as an too ')c+ n
one of t+e ana&ra's $re2o)sl" cted.
)3( A . 4ro' t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .*BK.<.
T+s s a case t"$cal at least n ts 'an feat)res1 and s$ecall" s)table
for record on acco)nt of t+e care 8t+ 8+c+ t+e $+eno'ena 8ere noted
do8n as t+e" occ)rred. T+e case 8as sent to )s b" /r. 4. C. (. (c+ller1
no8 4ello8 of Cor$)s C+rst Colle&e1 O#ford1 and I +a2e '"self been
$resent at one of t+e e#$er'ents 8+ere /r. 4. C. (. (c+ller and +s
brot+er1 /r. 4. !. (c+ller1 of (t. 7o+n5s Colle&e1 Ca'brd&e1 obtaned so'e
of t+e old 4renc+ 8rtn&. (o'e e#$er'ents n tele$at+" and clar2o"ance
8ere also tred1 b)t 8t+ no &reat s)ccess1 and t+e descr$ton of t+ese s
o'tted +ere.
In t+e follo8n& acco)nt t ')st not be s)$$osed t+at n s$ea3n& of t+e
s$rts9 of $lanc+ette )nder t+er soi,disant na'es1 I ntend to endorse t+e
($rt)alst e#$lanaton1 an" 'ore t+an I consder t+e re$rod)ctons of t+e
'ed)'s59 latent 3no8led&e to be concl)s2e n fa2o)r of an" for' of
)nconsco)sCself9 t+eor".
T+e e#$er'ents n E)eston 8ere cond)cted d)rn& a &reat $art of t+e
Lon& Vacaton1 8t+ '" brot+er1 8+o' I 8ll call 4.1 and '" sster L.1 as
'ed)'s19 8rtn& conDontl" at frst1 b)t after8ards se$aratel". Of co)rse1
t+ere co)ld t+)s be no do)bt as to t+e &ood fat+ of t+e 'ed)'s19 e2en f
t+e co)rse of t+e e#$er'ents +ad not afforded con2ncn& $roof t+at t+e
$+eno'ena 8ere nde$endent of t+er consco)s 'nd. T+ere a$$eared at
dfferent t'es no less t+an nne s$rts19 of 8+o' fo)r 8rote e#cl)s2el"
8t+ 4. and one 'anl"G +ii,JGO- anot+er freel" 8t+ et+er or bot+ b)t
c+efl" 8t+ L.1 and t+ree e#cl)s2el" 8t+ L. or 8t+ 4. and L. conDontl".
T+e" all 8rote 8t+ a 'ore or less dstnct2e st"le of t+er o8n1 and1 as far
as I co)ld D)d&e1 t+ere 8as not an" 'ar3ed dfference of st"le 8+en t+e
sa'e s$rt 8rote 8t+ dfferent 'ed)'s. !or1 on t+e ot+er +and1 8as t+ere
s)ffcent e2dence to D)stf" t+e asserton t+at t+e st"le 8as so )n'sta3abl"
s'lar t+at t ')st +a2e $roceeded fro' t+e sa'e ntell&ence. B)t alt+o)&+
t+e e2dence 8as not concl)s2e n establs+n& t+e dentt" of t+e 2aro)s
s$rt9 $ersona&es1 t+ere co)ld be no do)bt of t+er co'$lete nde$endence
of t+e 'ed)'s5 consco)s 8ll. Bot+ 4. and L. 8ere at frst entrel" &norant
of 8+at $lanc+ette 8as 8rtn&1 and 4. re'aned so to t+e end1 nor dd t+e
occ)$atons of +s consco)s self a$$ear n t+e least to affect t+e $ro&ress of
t+e 8rtn&. I +a2e seen $lanc+ette 8rte n t+e sa'e slo8 and delberate
8a" bot+ 8+le +e 8as telln& an a')sn& anecdote n an an'ated 8a" and
8+le +e 8as absorbed n an nterestn& no2elG and freE)entl" 8+ole seres
of E)estons 8o)ld be as3ed and ans8ered 8t+o)t +s 3no8n& 8+at +ad
been 8rtten or t+n3n& t+at an"t+n& else t+an )n'eann& scra8ls +ad
been $rod)ced.
In L.5s case t s tr)e t+at after so'e t'e s+e ca'e to 3no8 8+at letters
8ere ben& for'ed and 8as able to nter$ret t+e 'o2e'ents of +er +and.
T+s1 of co)rse1 'ade t dffc)lt to a2od1 at t'es1 a certan +alfCconsco)s
nfl)ence on t+e 8rtn&1 and 'a3es t necessar" to allo8 for t+e $ersonal
eE)aton. B)t t s clear t+at t+s nfl)ence ')st tend to +ar'onse t+e
ans8ers of $lanc+ette 8t+ t+e o$nons and 8ll of t+e 'ed)'1 and as a
'atter of fact I obser2ed freE)ent cases1 es$ecall" 8t+ L.1 of a conflct
bet8een +er 8ll and o$nons and t+ose of $lanc+ette.Y
T+e s$rt of a careless r+"'er19 after 8rtn& 2erses n En&ls+1 4renc+1
and Ger'an1 $rofessed ts ablt" to do so n t+e classcal lan&)a&es. %nd as
4. sad +e +ad ne2er read t+e (iad, 8e as3ed t+e r+"'er for a E)otaton.
T+s +e 8as at frst )nable to do1 b)t1 so'e +o)rs after1 +e1 )nas3ed1
$rod)ced t+e follo8n&J Erat'o 3e3alosea9 and Ro)rdon
$ot+eo)'enos $osn.9 T+ese e#traordnar" ta&s 8ere fo)nd to be der2ed
fro' t+e fft+ boo3 of t+e (iad (<.*1 <*<)1 and to re$resent q p i
A6 and ui u . 4. t+en re'e'bered
t+at +e +ad read t+s 2er" boo31 and t+s alone1 a lon& t'e a&o. T+s 8as
certanl" t+e ncdent $ontn& 'ost drectl" at )nconsco)s cerebraton1 and
'a"1 $er+a$s1 +el$ to e#$lan t+e occ)rrence of an entrel" )n3no8n
lan&)a&e1 na'el" -nd)stan. % s$rt9 &a2e +s na'e as Lo3enadrat+19
and 8rote n an e#traordnar" Orental st"le1 rat+er rese'bln& so'e of
/aron Cra8ford5s r+a$sodes. On ntrod)cn& t+e 8ords %lla+ l %lla+19
+e 8as as3ed 8+et+er +e 8as a /o+a''edan. -nd a$3a+a.9 I +a2e
snce been nfor'ed
*
t+at La$3a+a9 'eansM I a' "o)rs19 %t "o)r
ser2ce19 and t+at Lo3enadrat+9 s+o)ld be Lo3endranat+19 and 'eans
lord of $rnces9 and one or t8o ot+er fra&'ents of -nd)stan 8ere
s'larl" nacc)rate.
.
!o81 as 4. left Inda as a bab" of e&+t 'ont+s1 and
+as ne2er snce1 to t+e best of '" belef1 +eard an" -nd)stan s$o3en1 t+s
s s)rel" a 'ost c)ro)s case of )nconsco)s 'e'or"1 f s)c+ t 8as.Y
+ii,JHP-
Of t+e nne s$rts19 s# 8rote onl" n En&ls+1 and se2eral of t+e'
faled &no'no)sl" 8t+ all ot+er lan&)a&es. T+e -nd)stan of
Lo3enadrat+9 I +a2e alread" 'entoned. Ir3to'ar19 t+e 4renc+ Post2st1
&a2e )s s$ec'ens of En&ls+1 4renc+1 and Latn. Lastl"1 t+e $oet Closcar9
r+"'ed n En&ls+1 4renc+ and Ger'an1 Latn and Gree31 and e2en
so'et'es 8rote t+e last of t+ese 8t+ Gree3 letters. B)t 8t+ t+s
e#ce$ton1 $lanc+ette ne2er 8rote an" Ger'an1 t+o)&+ bot+ t+e 'ed)'s
are $erfectl" fa'lar 8t+ t1 and n t+er c+ld+ood $robabl" 3ne8 t far
better t+an En&ls+. If1 t+en1 t+ese $+eno'ena are a drea'Cl3e
recr)descence of lon&Cfor&otten t+o)&+ts1 t+s absence of Ger'an see's to
reE)re so'e e#$lanaton.
*
%s re&ards t+e 'ode of 8rtn&1 8e 8ere )nable
to dstn&)s+ an" dfferences of +and8rtn& bet8een t+e 2aro)s s$rts19
e#ce$t t+at one of 4.5s 8rote fro' r&+t to left1 'rrorC8rtn&1 8+et+er or no
t+e left +and 8as )sed.Y
((&ned) 4. C. (. (C-ILLER.
B%LLIOL COLLEGE1 O04OR,1 .Bth <ctober, *AAB.
%PPE!,I0.
(nce 8rtn& t+e $recedn& $a$er t+e e#$er'ents +a2e been contn)ed
8t+ 4.1 and I 8ll &2e a s+ort s3etc+ of t+e res)lts s)bseE)entl" obtaned.
T+e frst t+n& to be noted s t+at 4.5s $o8er of 8rtn& see's to +a2e
d'ns+ed sensbl"1 so t+at 8+ereas +e 8o)ld for'erl" 8rte on t+ree o)t
of e2er" fo)r occasons +e can no8 onl" do so abo)t once o)t of e2er"
t+ree.Y %n nterestn& e#$er'ent 8as tred of 8rtn& 8t+ t8o
$lanc+ettes1 4. +a2n& one +and on eac+. I s)&&ested t+s n order to
el)cdate t+e connecton bet8een leftC+and 8rtn& and 'rrorC8rtn&19
and f)ll" e#$ected t+at t+e t8o +ands 8o)ld 8rte t+e sa'e
co'')ncatons. To '" astons+'ent1 +o8e2er1 t+e co'')ncatons1
t+o)&+ 8rtten s')ltaneo)sl"1 8ere dfferent and $roceeded fro' dfferent
s$rts.9 I re&ard t+s as concl)s2e $roof t+at t+e $+eno'ena +a2e not+n&
to do 8t+ t+e 'ed)'5s consco)sness1 for1 as e2er" one can easl"
e#$erence for +'self1 t s E)te '$ossble1 at least 8t+o)t lon& $ractce1
to 8rte t8o di$$erent 8ords at t+e sa'e t'e.
6+ene2er 4. 8rote 8t+ t8o $lanc+ettes1 t+e left +and 8rote 'rrorC
8rtn&1 8+c+ 8as often 2er" +ard to dec$+er1 b)t 8e dd not obser2e
an"t+n& l3e a f#ed r)le n t+s res$ect on ot+er occasons. 4or t+o)&+
$lanc+ette &enerall" 8rote n t+e ordnar" 8a" e2en 8+en t+e left +and 8as
)sed1 t so'et'es $rod)ced 'rrorC8rtn& 8t+ t+e r&+t +and also. 6e
+a2e also +ad so'e nstr)ct2e e#$er'ents n 8+at I 'a" call conDont
8rtn&. I ')st be&n b" sa"n& t+at ordnarl" I a' E)te )nable to 'a3e
$lanc+ette 'o2e at all. B)t one n&+t I $)t '" +and also on1 after 4. +ad
faled1 as on se2eral $recedn& da"s1 to 'a3e t 8rte. Planc+ette soon be&an
to 'o2e and to 8rte ntell&bl". I re$eatedl" too3 '" +and off and t+e
8rtn& sto$$ed at once. ('larl"1 8+ene2er 4. too3 +s +and off1 t+e
8rtn& also ceased1 e#ce$t t+at on one occason1 8+en +e dd so 8t+o)t '"
3no8led&e1 t a$$ears to +a2e 8rtten t8o or t+ree letters before sto$$n&. I
a' nclned1 t+erefore1 to re&ard t+e $+eno'enon of conDont 8rtn&1
8+ate2er 'a" be ts e#$lanaton1 as &en)ne1 i.e. t+at t+e second o$erator
reall" contrb)tes to t+e res)lt.
Passn& fro' t+e 'et+od to t+e 'atter of t+e co'')ncatons1 I s+o)ld
note t+at -elod9 +as s+o8n a 3no8led&e of Ger'an and all)ded to
Goet+e5s +ii,JHG- 8#ig Deibiche, b)t t+at t+e b)l3 of t+e co'')ncatons
8ere n 4renc+ and $rod)ced b" Ir3to'ar.9
In addton to so'e dalectcal 2aratons 8+c+ a$$ear to be Pro2enpal
(e.g. Ir3to'ar n5a $as lo) te's1 Po)r 2o)s fare des co)'$l'ens )1 +e
$rod)ced an e#traordnar" Dar&on 8+c+ +e called Ro'a)nce9 and ascrbed
to t+e t'e of Roland9 and of C+arle'a&ne.9
%fter8ards t 8as fo)nd to be old !or'an 4renc+1 and 'ostl" E)oted
fro' t+e Chanson de 7oand of t+e t8elft+ cent)r"1 as 8ll a$$ear fro' t+e
follo8n& co'$arsonJ
C-%!(O! ,E ROL%!,.9 PL%!C-ETTE.
*. Carles l res1 nostre e'$ere
'a&nes.
(et anN tu3 peins ad estet en
Es$a&ne. (C. de R. *C..)
LTransationM
(*st t'e.) CarLlMes l res 'a&nes
e'$ere LreM set anN ut pein estet en
Es$a&ne.
(.nd t'e.) Carles l res 'a&nes
e'$ereLreM set anN utans estet en
Es$a&ne.
.. !e re2err)nt lor m=res ne lor
$emmes.
Ne ces de 9rance 3 as $orN les
atendent. (C. de R. *<>.C;.)
*
LTransation M
.. !e re2err)nt ne peres ne paren3 ne
Charemagne1 3s as $orN les atent.
;. 7o 2)s a ')lt ser2t. (C. de R.
;<@..)
;. 7o 2o)s a ')lt bien ser2t.
<. Passet l D)rN s t)rnet a la
2es$rUe. (C. de R. ;?B>.)
<. SQen$uit l Do)rN de blene)t la
2es$rUe.
4. does not 3no8 old 4renc+ at all1 and cannot re'e'ber to +a2e e2er
read or +eard an"1 b)t1 ben& stron&l" nclned to8ards t+e )nconsco)s self
t+eor"1 s)&&ests t+at t+e $assa&es $rod)ced 'a" +a2e been E)oted n so'e
'a&aNne artcle1 and t+)s 'et +s e"e.
.
In an" case1 +o8e2er1 t+ese
E)otatons t+ro8 an nterestn& l&+t on t+e 'ode of t+n3n& of t+e
ntell&ence t+at dctated t+e'. It 8ll be seen t+at t+e" are e2dentl" E)oted
fro' 'e'or"1 and b" no 'eans acc)rate. %nd n !o. * t+e frst 2erson 8as
nearer t+e or&nal t+an t+e secondG b)t1 as E)oted1 t+e 8ords )t $len9
'ade no sense1 and +ence l)tans19 a 8ord 8+c+ does not1 I bele2e1 occ)r
n t+e 7oand, 8as s)bstt)ted for t+e' to co'$lete t+e sense. T+at s to sa"1
t+e second 2erson s no 'ere re$rod)cton of an '$resson n t+e 'e'or"1
b)t +as been s)bDected to a $rocess of e'endaton 8+c+ b" )s 8o)ld be
+eld to '$l" t+e acton of consco)s t+o)&+t. Yet d)rn& t+s t'e 4.5s
consco)s 'nd 8as entrel" 2od of an" 3no8led&e of t+e dalect1 and a
$ortiori co)ld not $ossbl" +a2e corrected 8+at a$$eared to +' E)te
'eann&less.Y
Lastl"1 $lanc+ette 2ol)nteered t+e nfor'aton t+at Carles f) carles l
ca)#9 (C+arles 8as C+arles t+e Bald)1 8+c+ s certanl" 8ron&1 and as
certanl" co)ld not be der2ed fro' t+e 7oand or an" s'lar $oe'1 8+le t
s ne2ert+eless ln&)stcall" correct. It ')st1 t+erefore1 I t+n31 be ad'tted
t+at t+e ntell&ence 8+c+ $rod)ced t ')st +a2e $ossessed a consderable
+ii,JHH- a'o)nt of 8+at 8e s+o)ld call consco)s 3no8led&e of old 4renc+1
and s)c+ as 4. certanl" does not $ossess.
To s)' )$ t+en I 8ll onl" sa" t+at t+e 'atter of t+e 2aro)s
co'')ncatons (i.e. e#cl)dn& t+e card and al$+abet e#$er'ents1 &c.)
does not see' to 'e to afford absol)te $roof t+at t+e 3no8led&e ds$la"ed
co)ld not $ossbl" +a2e been latent n t+e 8rter5s 'nd1 8+le at t+e sa'e
t'e t+s s e#tre'el" improbabe n a lar&e n)'ber of cases. /oreo2er1
bot+ t+e 'atter and t+e 'anner of t+e co'')ncatons ds$la" $o8ers
be"ond an" at $resent reco&nsed as nor'al.
((&ned) 4. C. (. (C-ILLER.
1anuary ..nd, *AA=.
)3( B . Ot+er cases of 'a&nar" $ersonaltes are to be fo)nd n t+e
acco)nts of possession 8+c+ +a2e co'e do8n to )s fro' t+e %&es of
4at+.9 I ta3e as an e#a'$le t+e a)tobo&ra$+" of (Q)r 7eanne des %n&es.
*
(Q)r 7eanne 8as t+e ()$eror of t+e :rs)lnes of Lo)d)n1 abo)t *B;>K
*BB?1 and 8as one of t+e 'ost ardent ad'rers1 after8ards one of t+e
fercest ene'es1 of t+e )nfort)nate :rban Grander1 8+o 8as b)rnt al2e n
*B;<1 on t+e c+ar&e of +a2n& be8tc+ed t+e :rs)lne n)ns. -er 'an)scr$t
a)tobo&ra$+" +as fallen nto t+e +ands of edtors of a t"$e 8+c+ s+e can
+ardl" +a2e foreseen1 ,rs. Gabrel Le&)U and Glles de la To)rette. T+ese
$+"scans +a2e caref)ll" anal"sed t+e s"'$to's 8+c+ s+e narrates1 and
+a2e s+o8n t+at +er afflcton 'a" be classed as a 8ellCde2elo$ed case of
+"steroe$le$s"1 of t+e 3nd no8 so often descrbed b" t+e (al$OtrPre
sc+ool.
O)r $resent nterest les n t+e personaities 8+c+ s+e &2es to t+e
de'ons 8+o' s+e s)$$oses to $ossess +er18+o are n realt" 'ere
obDectfcatons of dfferent seres of +"stercal attac3s.
7)st as t+e a)to'atc 8rter +as a &ro)$ of soi,disant &)des or
controls19 8+o ta3e t n t)rns to drect +s +and1 and eac+ of 8+o'
'antans a s$ecfc c+aracter of +s o8n1e2en so does (Q)r 7eanne
descrbe %s'ode)s1 Le2at+an1 Be+e'ot+1 Isacaaron1 Balaa'1 Gresl1 and
%'an1 8+ose d2erse $resence s+e a$$arentl" reco&nsed 'anl" b" t+e
s$ecal tran of )ndesrable e'oton 8+c+ eac+ ns$red1 b)t $artl" also b"
t+er 8ords and 8rtn&s. % facs'le of a letter of %s'ode)s s &2en b" t+e
learned edtors1 b)t t+e 8rtn& does not $erce$tbl" dffer fro' (Q)r
7eanne5s o8n scr$t.
%nd ,r. Glles de la To)rette nfor's 'e t+at t+ere are letters1 also n
(Q)r 7eanne5s o8n +and8rtn&1 8+c+ $rofess to co'e fro' t+e ot+er
de'ons toos)c+ letters ben& +abt)all" 8rtten b" t+e (ster d)rn& t+e
$rocess of e#orcs'1 8+c+ )s)all" bro)&+t on a +"steroCe$le$tc attac3.
T+e s)bstance of t+e letters reflected1 no do)bt1 t+e fo)lness and 'al&nt"
of t+e (ster5s o8n 'ndG b)t1 ne2ert+eless1 t+e 'odern +"sterolo&sts 8+o
+a2e dsc)ssed t+e 8+ole affar do not s)$$ose t+at t+e (ster consciousy
simuated t+e 8rtn& or s$eec+ of de2ls t+ro)&+ +erself. -er +ii,JHI-
dabolc scr$t and )tterance 8ere $robabl" (t+o)&+ not certanl") $)rel"
a)to'atc.
*
It ')st be re'e'bered t+at (Q)r 7eanne 8as $erfectl" sane d)rn& t+ese
"ears of $ossesson1 sane at least n t+e sense t+at s+e &o2erned +er
co'')nt"1 $lotted sa2a&el" a&anst +er ene'es1 and 'ade rel&o)s
ca$tal o)t of +er real or fctto)s st&'ataG b)t t+at1 ne2ert+eless1 t+ere s
no do)bt 8+ate2er t+at s+e beieved n t+ese $ossessn& de'ons1 8+o1 as I
sa"1 8ere n realt" t+e ncarnatons of +"steroCe$le$tc attac3s.
!o81 I certanl" do not 'ean to trace an" 'oral analo&" bet8een t+ese
dstressn& $rod)cts of (Q)r 7eanne5s 'a&naton and t+e &)des9 of t+e
$lanc+etteC8rter8+c+1 as I +a2e sad1 so far as I +a2e seen1 are al'ost
al8a"s +ar'less1 &enerall" e2en ser'onsn& enttes. (o far as '"
e#$erence &oes I do not see t+at $lanc+etteC8rtn& +as an" connecton 8t+
dsease of 'nd or bod"1 or an" tendenc" to e2l of an" 3nd1 e#ce$t n a fe8
cases of &reat cred)lt" on t+e 8rter5s $art1 a cred)lt" 8+c+t s to be
+o$eds no8 beco'n& so'e8+at less co''on. Rat+er s (Q)r 7eanne5s
case $arallel n anot+er 8a"G as s+o8n& t+e tendenc" of t+e nd2d)alt" to
s$lt tself )$ nto 2aro)s coCordnate and alternatn& trans of $ersonalt"1
eac+ of 8+c+ 'a" see' for a t'e to be do'nant and obsessn&1 8+le "et
t+e +abt)al sense of t+e ordnar" self 'a" $ersst t+ro)&+ all t+ese
n2asons.
)+3 A . (o'e earl" e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference t+ro)&+ tableC
tltn& 8ere $)bls+ed b" Professor Rc+et n t+e 7evue &hiosophique for
,ece'ber *AA<. % crtcal dsc)sson of t+ese b" G)rne" a$$eared n t+e
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. .;@KB<1 and a brefer re$ort n &hantasms o$
the .iving, 2ol. . $$. =.KA*. I E)ote fro' t+e latter a descr$ton of t+e
'et+od )sedJ
T+e $lace of a $lanc+ette 8as ta3en b" a table1 and /. Rc+et $refaces
+s acco)nt b" a s)ccnct state'ent of t+e ort+odo# 2e8 as to tableC
t)rnn&.9 ReDectn& alto&et+er t+e t+ree t+eores 8+c+ attrb)te t+e
$+eno'ena to 8+olesale fra)d1 to s$rts1 and to an )n3no8n force1 +e
re&ards t+e &"ratons and oscllatons of sUanceCtables as d)e 8+oll" to t+e
)nconsco)s ')sc)lar contractons of t+e stters. It t+)s occ)rred to +' to
e'$lo" a table as an ndcator of t+e 'o2e'ents t+at '&+t be $rod)ced b"
'ental s)&&eston.9 T+e $lan of t+e e#$er'ents 8as as follo8s. T+ree
$ersons (C1 ,1 and E)1 too3 t+er seats n a se'Ccrcle1 at a lttle table on
8+c+ t+er +ands rested. One of t+ese t+ree 8as al8a"s a 'ed)'9a
ter' )sed b" /. Rc+et to denote a $erson lable to e#+bt ntell&ent
'o2e'ents n 8+c+ consco)sness and 8ll a$$arentl" ta3e no $art.
%ttac+ed to t+e table 8as a s'$le electrcal a$$arat)s1 t+e effect of 8+c+
8as to rn& a bell 8+ene2er t+e c)rrent 8as bro3en b" t+e tltn& of t+e
table. Be+nd t+e bac3s of t+e stters at t+e table 8as anot+er table1 on 8+c+
8as a lar&e al$+abet1 co'$letel" screened fro' t+e 2e8 of C1,1 and E1
e2en +ad t+e" t)rned ro)nd and endea2o)red to see t. In front of t+s
al$+abet sat %1 8+ose d)t" 8as to follo8 t+e letters slo8l" and steadl" 8t+
a $en1 ret)rnn& at once to t+e be&nnn& as soon as +e +ii,JHJ- arr2ed at t+e
end. %t %5s sde sat B1 8t+ a noteCboo3G +s d)t" 8as to 8rte do8n t+e
letter at 8+c+ %5s $en +a$$ened to be $ontn& 8+ene2er t+e bell ran&. T+s
+a$$ened 8+ene2er one of t+e stters at t+e table 'ade t+e s'$le
'o2e'ent necessar" to tlt t. :nder t+ese condtons1 % and B are
a$$arentl" 'ere a)to'ata. C1 ,1 and E are lttle 'ore1 ben& )nconsco)s of
tltn& t+e table1 8+c+ a$$ears to t+e' to tlt tselfG b)t e2en f t+e" tlted t
consco)sl"1 and 8t+ a consco)s desre to dctate 8ords1 t+e" +a2e no
'eans of ascertann& at 8+at letter %5s $en s $ontn& at an" $artc)lar
'o'entG and t+e" '&+t tlt for e2er 8t+o)t $rod)cn& 'ore t+an an
endless seres of nco+erent letters. T+n&s ben& arran&ed t+)s1 a s#t+
o$erator1 41 statoned +'self a$art bot+ fro' t+e tltn& table and fro' t+e
al$+abet1 and concentrated +s t+o)&+t on so'e 8ord of +s o8n c+oosn&1
8+c+ +e +ad not co'')ncated to t+e ot+ers. T+e t+ree stters at t+e frst
table en&a&ed n con2ersaton1 san&1 or told storesG b)t at nter2als t+e table
tlted1 t+e bell ran&1 and B 8rote do8n t+e letter 8+c+ %5s $en 8as o$$oste
to at t+at 'o'ent. !o81 to t+e astons+'ent of all concerned1 t+ese letters1
8+en arran&ed n a seres1 t)rned o)t to $rod)ce a 'ore or less close
a$$ro#'aton to t+e 8ord of 8+c+ 4 8as t+n3n&.
T+e &eneral res)ltof 8+c+ f)ll detals are &2en n t+e or&nal
artcles referred to8as t+at t+e a'o)nt of concdence bet8een t+e letters
of t+e 8ords c+osen b" 4 and t+ose tlted o)t b" t+e table 8as consderabl"
&reater t+an 8o)ld 'ost $robabl" +a2e been $rod)ced b" c+ance. G)rne"
contn)esJ
LT+ese e#$er'entsM see' to e#+bt tele$at+c $rod)cton of
'o2e'ents b" 8+at s at 'ost an dea1 and not a 2olton1 on t+e a&ent5s
$art. T+s1 ndeed1 s a +"$ot+ess 8+c+ see's D)stfed e2en b" /. Rc+et5s
less e#ce$tonal res)lts. 4or 8e ')st re'e'ber t+at n a sense % s
t+ro)&+o)t 'ore ''edatel" t+e a&ent t+an 4G t s 8+at %5s 'nd
contrb)tes1 not 8+at 45s 'nd contrb)tes1 t+at $rod)ces t+e tlts at t+e r&+t
'o'ents.
*
B)t t+s s of co)rse t+ro)&+ no #i of %5sG +e s &norant of t+e
reE)red 8ord1 and +as absol)tel" no o$$ort)nt" of brn&n& +s 2olton
nto $la". -s a&enc"9 s of a 8+oll" $ass2e sortG and +s 'nd1 as t
follo8s t+e co)rse of +s $en1 s a 'ere cond)tC$$e1 8+ereb" 3no8led&e of
a certan 3nd obtans access to t+e )nconsco)s ntell&ence9 8+c+ e2o3es
t+e tlts. If1 t+en1 t+e 3no8led&e 'anfests tself as '$)lse1 can 8e a2od
t+e concl)son t+at n t+s $artc)lar 'ode of accessn +ii,JHK- 'ental
s)&&eston9 or tele$at+" as s)c+a certan impusive E)alt" s n2ol2edWY
B)t of co)rse t+e relaton bet8een 4 and t+e 'ed)'9 $la"s also a
necessar" $art n t+e res)ltG t+e '$)lse to tlt 8+en a $artc)lar letter s
reac+ed onl" ta3es effect 8+en t falls (so to s$ea3) on &ro)nd $re$ared b"
'ental s)&&eston9 fro' 4on a 'nd n 8+c+ t+e 8ord 'a&ned b" +'
+as obtaned an )nconsco)s lod&'ent. T+e )nconsco)s $art of t+e
$erc$ent5s 'nd 8o)ld t+)s be t+e scene of confl)ence of t8o se$arate
tele$at+c strea's1 8+c+ $roceed to co'bne t+ere n an ntell&ent 8a"
one $roceedn& fro' 45s 'nd1 8+c+ $rod)ces )nconsco)s 3no8led&e of
t+e 8ord1 and t+e ot+er $roceedn& fro' %5s 'nd1 8+c+ $rod)ces an
)nconsco)s 'a&e of t+e s)ccess2e letters. %not+er $ossble s)$$oston
8o)ld be t+at 45s t+o)&+t affects1 not t+e 'ed)'19 b)t %G or con2ersel"1
t+at %5s t+o)&+t affects1 not t+e 'ed)'19 b)t 4Gt+at % obtans
)nconsco)s 3no8led&e of t+e 8ord1 or t+at 4 obtans )nconsco)s
3no8led&e of t+e letter1 and so s enabled to co'')ncate an '$)lse to t+e
'ed)'9 at t+e r&+t 'o'ent. %nd 8e s+o)ld t+en +a2e to s)$$ose a
secret )nderstandn& bet8een t8o $arts of %5s or 45s 'nd1 t+e $art 8+c+
ta3es acco)nt of t+e letters of t+e al$+abet1 and t+e $art 8+c+ ta3es acco)nt
of t+e letters of t+e 8ordt+e for'er ben& consco)s and t+e latter
)nconsco)s1 or vice versF, accordn& as % or 4 s t+e $art" affected.
)+3 B . % so'e8+at s'lar b)t less co'$le# set of e#$er'ents b" /r.
G. /. ('t+ 8as &2en n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;*AK.>1 as follo8sJ

C:(TO/ -O:(E1 %/BLE1 !ORT-:/BERL%!,1 <ctober *<th,

*A@..
I +a2e for 'an" "ears been fa'lar 8t+ t+e )s)al modus operandi and
res)lts n tableCtltn&1 b)t I +a2e no s"'$at+" 8t+ soCcalled ($rt)alsts as
s)c+. Recentl"1 8+en readn& &hantasms o$ the .iving, I 8as str)c3 8t+ t+e
e#$er'ent n tableCtltn& recorded t+ere1 2ol. . $$. ==KA*1
*
and I 'ade
arran&e'ents 8t+ a fe8 frends to 'eet n '" +o)se to e#$er'ent n tableC
tltn& (a t+n& 8+c+ none of t+e' +ad e2er seen) 8t+ t+e 2e8 of addn&
so'e of t+e no2el feat)res of t+e case referred to n &hantasms o$ the
.iving.
On (e$te'ber @t+ last /rs. ('t+ ('" 8fe)1 t+ree "o)n& 'en1 and
'"self sat do8n 8t+ t+e $al's of o)r +ands on a s'all deal table n '"
+o)se. In a fe8 'n)tes t+e table co''enced to tlt. 6+at follo8s s co$ed
fro' a note 8rtten ''edatel" after t+e e#$er'ent and read o2er to all
$resent at t+e sttn&. I as3ed t+e E)estons1 and n don& so1 'erel" for
con2enence1 )sed t+e lan&)a&e and $+raseolo&" $ec)lar a'on&
($rt)alsts on s)c+ occasons.
X. 6ll t+e nfl)ence 8+c+ s controlln& t+s table $lease tlt t once
8+en !o9 s 'eant and t8ce 8+en Yes9 s 'eantW %. Yes (t8o tlts or
ra$s). X. Is t a s$rt t+at s controlln& t+s tableW %. Yes. X. Is t t+e s$rt
of a frend of an" one at t+e tableW %. Yes.
%fter a fe8 'ore s)c+ E)estons and ans8ersX. 6ll "o) $lease ra$
(tlt) t+e table 8+en t+e letters of t+e al$+abet are $onted to 8+c+ s$ell o)t
"o)r na'eW %. Yes.
I t+en as3ed /rs. ('t+ to 8t+dra8 fro' t+e table and st n a corner of
t+e roo' abo)t s# feet fro' t+e table1 and to ta3e a s'all boo3 8t+ t+e
al$+abet n t1 and co''encn& to $ont at %9 to 'o2e slo8l" to8ards t+e
end and bac3 to %9 a&an1 and so on1 obser2n& at 8+at letters t+e table
tlted. %lt+o)&+ s+e 8as 2sble to all at t+e table1 "et s+e 8as so $laced t+at
no one co)ld for' an" dea of 8+at letters 8ere ben& $onted to. T+ese
$re$aratons1 8+c+ onl" too3 abo)t a 'n)te1 ben& fns+ed1 8e t+en
contn)ed.
+ii,JHL-
%l'ost at once t+e table co''enced to tlt at rre&)lar s+ort nter2als1
and 8+en t +ad tlted se2en or e&+t t'es1 I1 ben& an#o)s to 3no8
8+et+er an"t+n& co+erent 8as ben& s$elled o)t1 as3ed /rs. ('t+ 8+at
8ere t+e res)lts1 and s+e ans8ered t+at t+e table +ad tlted at t+e letters -CoC
8CeC" 7Ca. T+e na'e of a "o)n& 'an a fe8 "ears deceased1 and 3no8n b"
na'e at an" rate to all at t+e table1 8as at once reco&nsed1 +s na'e ben&
7a'es -o8e". I t+en as3edJ X. Is t t+e s$rt of 7a'es -o8e"W %. Yes. X.
-a2e "o) 'et "o)r 'ot+er snce s+e $assed o)tW %. Yes. X. Is s+e 8t+ "o)
no8W %. Yes. X. ,oes s+e 8s+ to co'')ncateW %. Yes. X. 6t+ an" one
at t+e tableW %. !o. X. 6t+ an" of +er fa'l"W %. Yes. X. 6t+ /ss
-o8e"W %. Yes. X. 6ll s+e ra$ (tlt) t+e table 8+en t+e letters of t+e
al$+abet are $onted to 8+c+ s$ell o)t +er co'')ncatonW %. Yes. T+e
table co''enced to tlt a&an as before1 b)t t 8as not nterr)$ted1 and 8+en
t +ad sto$$ed I as3ed 8+at +ad been s$elled o)t1 and /rs. ('t+ re$ledJ
Good and fat+f)l9 +ad been s$elled. X. ,o "o) 'ean t+at /ss -o8e" s
&ood and fat+f)lW %. !o. X. ,o "o) 'ean t as an nD)ncton to +er to be
&ood and fat+f)lW %. Yes. X. ,o "o) 8s+ to co'')ncate f)rt+erW %. Yes.
Proceedn& as before1 t+e table at once co''enced tltn&1 and 8+en t +ad
ceased /rs. ('t+ sad t +ad s$elled o)tJ /nd fat+er1 and be s)re of
t+at.9 T+e e#$er'ent +ere ended1 and t+e str3n& a$tness of t+e latter
co'')ncatons 8as ')c+ s$o3en of b" t+e stters.
I s+o)ld not +a2e t+o)&+t t+s 8ort+ 8rtn& o)t1 b)t for t+e fact t+at
/rs. ('t+1 8+le $ontn& o)t t+e letters1 sat a8a" fro' t+e table and n
s)c+ a $oston t+at no one at t+e table co)ld for' t+e fantest dea of 8+at
letters 8ere ben& $onted to. T+ese crc)'stances re'o2e t+e case fro' t+e
ordnar" r)n of tableCtltn& e#$er'ents.
Of co)rse I 8as a8are of t+e '$erfecton of t+e arran&e'ents1 b)t t+e"
co)ld not be '$ro2ed at t+e t'e1 and I at once arran&ed for a f)rt+er and
'ore testn& e#$er'ent for t+e e2enn& of (e$te'ber *;t+. 4or t+s
occason I sec)red t+e assstance of t8o 'ore "o)n& 'en1 one of 8+o' I
ntended s+o)ld 8rte do8n t+e letters ra$$ed or tlted o)t1 and t+e ot+er to
8tness t+at s)c+ 8as done correctl". I also arran&ed for t+e stters at t+e
table to be in t+e roo'1 and t+ose 8t+ t+e al$+abet D)st o)tsde t+e door
(8+c+ 8as al'ost s+)t) of s)c+ roo'. B)t I re&ret to sa" t+at1 t+o)&+ t+e
table tlted E)te brs3l"1 and t+o)&+ 8e 'ade se2eral c+an&es of $ersons
fro' t+e table to t+e al$+abet1 and tred for abo)t an +o)r1 "et t+ere co)ld
not be fo)nd t+e least trace of co+erence or ntell&blt" n t+e seres of
letters ta3en do8n as ra$$ed o)t1 alt+o)&+ 8e tred t+e' b" n2erson1
ana&ra''atcall"1 and b" s)bstt)tn& ne&+bo)rn& letters1 as s done n t+e
case referred to n &hantasms o$ the .iving. I +a2e not f)rt+er e#$er'ented
n t+s 8a".
GEORGE /%I! (/IT-.
)+9 A . I E)ote belo8 $art of /r. !e8n+a'5s acco)nt of +s
e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference t+ro)&+ a)to'atc 8rtn&1 t+e 8+ole of
8+c+ s &2en n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. AK.;.
E0TR%CT( 4RO/ /R. !E6!-%/5( ,I%RY.
It 8as n 7an)ar" *A=* t+at I 8as frst led to t+n3 of 'a3n& an atte'$t
to n2est&ate t+e alle&ed $+eno'ena of $lanc+etteC8rtn&. -a2n&
$roc)red an nstr)'ent1 I cons)lted caref)ll" 8t+ '" 8fe1 as to for'n& a
code of condtons 8+c+ 8e 8o)ld a&ree to bnd o)rsel2es r&dl" to
obser2e1 n case s+e 8as fo)nd ca$able of 8rtn&.
+ii,JHM-
I co$" fro' '" noteCboo3 t+e follo8n& $rel'nar" state'ent and
condtons a&reed )$on1 8+c+ 8ere $)t do8n n 8rtn& before an"
e#$er'ent +ad been 'adeJ
Ben& desro)s of n2est&atn& acc)ratel" t+e $+eno'ena of
$lanc+ette1 '"self and '" 8fe +a2e a&reed to carr" o)t a seres of
s"ste'atc e#$er'ents n order to ascertan t+e condtons )nder 8+c+ t+e
nstr)'ent s able to 8or3. To t+s end t+e follo8n& r)les are strctl"
obser2edJ
*. T+e E)eston to be as3ed s 8rtten do8n before t+e $lanc+ette s set
n 'oton. T+s E)eston1 as a r)le1 s ne2er 3no8n to t+e o$erator.
.. 6+ene2er an e2as2e or ot+er ans8er s ret)rned1 necesstatn& one
or 'ore ne8 E)estons to be $)t before a clear ans8er can be
obtaned1 t+e o$erator s not to be 'ade a8are of any of t+ese
E)estons1 or e2en of t+e &eneral s)bDect to 8+c+ t+e" all)de1 )ntl
t+e fnal ans8er +as been obtaned.
;. In all cases 8+ere t+e o$erator +as as3ed t+e E)eston1 or s a8are of
ts ter's or &eneral tenor1 t+e E)eston 8ll be dstn&)s+ed b" $reC
f#n& an asters31 and lea2n& a s$ace bet8een t and t+e 'ar&nal
lne. L!one of t+ese E)estons are E)oted +ere.M
<. 6+ere no o$erator s 'entoned1 '" 8fe s al8a"s 'eant.
?. 6+ere no E)estoner s 'entoned1 '"self s al8a"s 'eant.9
%lt+o)&+ not $ro2ded for n 8rtn& (as o)r ')t)al bona $ides 8as1 of
co)rse1 ta3en for &ranted)1 I 'a" add t+at '" 8fe al8a"s sat at a s'all lo8
table1 n a lo8 c+ar1 leann& bac38ards. I sat abo)t e&+t feet dstant1 at a
rat+er +&+ table1 and 8t+ '" bac3 to8ards +er 8+le 8rtn& do8n t+e
E)estons. It 8as absol)tel" '$ossble t+at an" &est)re1 or $la" of feat)res1
on '" $art1 co)ld +a2e been 2sble or ntell&ble to +er. %s a r)le1 s+e 3e$t
+er e"es s+)tG b)t ne2er beca'e n t+e sl&+test de&ree +"$notc1 or e2en
nat)rall" dro8s".
:nder t+ese condtons 8e carred on e#$er'ents for abo)t e&+t
'ont+s1 and I +a2e ;>@ E)estons and ans8ers recorded n '" noteCboo31
s$read o2er t+s t'e.
*
B)t t+e e#$er'ents 8ere fo)nd 2er" e#+a)st2e of
ner2eC$o8er1 and as '" 8fe5s +ealt+ 8as delcate1 and t+e fact of t+o)&+tC
trans'sson +ad been ab)ndantl" $ro2ed1 8e t+o)&+t t best to abandon t+e
$)rs)t.
I no8 $roceed to &2e a sa'$le of so'e of t+ese E)estons and ans8ers.
T+e n)'bers $ref#ed are t+ose n '" noteCboo3.
I 'a" 'enton t+at t+e $lanc+ette be&an to 'o2e nstantl" 8t+ '" 8fe.
T+e ans8er 8as often +alf 8rtten before I +ad co'$leted t+e E)eston.
On frst fndn& t+at t 8o)ld 8rte easl"1 I as3ed t+ree s'$le E)estons
8+c+ 8ere 3no8n to t+e o$eratorG t+en t+ree ot+ers1 )n3no8n to +er1
relatn& to '" o8n $r2ate concerns. %ll s# +a2n& been nstantl" ans8ered
n a 'anner to s+o8 co'$lete ntell&ence1 I $roceeded to as3
=. 6rte do8n t+e lo8est te'$erat)re +ere t+s 8nter. %. A.
!o81 t+s re$l" at once arrested '" nterest. T+e act)al lo8est
te'$erat)re +ad been =.B| so t+at A 8as t+e nearest 8+ole de&reeG b)t '"
8fe sad at once t+at1 f s+e +ad been as3ed t+e E)eston1 s+e 8o)ld +a2e
8rtten =1 and not AG as s+e +ad for&otten t+e dec'al1 b)t re'e'bered '"
+a2n& sad t+at t+e te'$erat)re +ad been do8n to = something.
I s'$l" E)ote t+s1 as a &ood nstance1 at t+e 2er" o)tset1 of $erfect
trans'sson +ii,JHN- of t+o)&+t1 co)$led 8t+ a $erfectl" nde$endent
re$l"G t+e ans8er ben& correct n tself1 b)t dfferent fro' t+e '$resson
on t+e conscious inteigence of both $artes.
!at)rall" o)r frst desre 8as to see f 8e co)ld obtan an" nfor'aton
concernn& t+e nat)re of t+e ntell&ence 8+c+ 8as o$eratn& t+ro)&+ t+e
$lanc+ette1 and of t+e 'et+od b" 8+c+ t $rod)ced t+e 8rtten res)lts. 6e
re$eated E)estons on t+s s)bDect a&an and a&anG and I 8ll co$" do8n t+e
$rnc$al E)estons and ans8ers n t+e connecton.
1anuary .@th. *;. Is t t+e o$erator5s bran1 or so'e e#ternal force1 t+at
'o2es t+e $lanc+etteW %ns8er bran9 or force.9 %. 6ll.
*<. Is t t+e 8ll of a l2n& $erson1 or of an ''ateral s$rt1 dstnct
fro' t+at $ersonW %ns8er $erson9 or s$rt.9 %. 6fe.
*?. G2e frst t+e 8fe5s C+rstan na'eG t+en '" fa2o)rte na'e for +er.
(T+s 8as acc)ratel" done.)
.=. 6+at s "o)r o8n na'eW %. Onl" "o).
.A. 6e are not E)te s)re of t+e 'eann& of t+e ans8er. E#$lan. %.
6fe.
4aln& to &et 'ore t+an t+s1 at t+e o)tset1 8e ret)rned to t+e sa'e
t+o)&+t after E)eston **<G 8+en1 +a2n& been closel" $ressed on anot+er
s)bDect1 8e rece2ed t+e c)rt re$l"Told all I 3no8.9
9ebruary *Ath. **=. 6+o are "o) t+at 8rtes1 and +as told all "o) 3no8W
%. 6fe.
**A. B)t does no one tell 8fe 8+at to 8rteW If so1 8+oW %. ($rt.
**@. 6+ose s$rtW %. 6fe5s bran.
*.>. B)t +o8 does 8fe5s bran 3no8 L/asoncM secretsW %. 6fe5s s$rt
)nconsco)sl" &)des.
*.*. B)t +o8 does 8fe5s s$rt 3no8 t+n&s t +as ne2er been toldW %.
!o e#ternal nfl)ence.
*... B)t b" 8+at interna nfl)ence does t 3no8 L/asoncM secretsW %.
Yo) cannot 3no8.
2arch *?th. *;.. 6+o1 t+en1 'a3es t+e '$ressons )$on +erW %. /an"
stran&e t+n&s.
*;;. 6+at sort of stran&e t+n&sW %. T+n&s be"ond "o)r 3no8led&e.
*;<. ,o1 t+en1 t+n&s be"ond o)r 3no8led&e 'a3e '$ressons )$on
8feW %. Infl)ences 8+c+ no 'an )nderstands or 3no8s.
*;B. %re t+ese nfl)ences 8+c+ 8e cannot )nderstand e#ternal to 8feW
%. E#ternaln2sble.
*;=. ,oes a s$rt1 or do s$rts1 e#ercse t+ose nfl)encesW %. !o1 ne2er
(8rtten 2er" lar&e and e'$+atcall").
*;A. T+en fro' 8+o'1 or fro' 8+ence1 do t+e e#ternal nfl)ences
co'eW %. YesG "o) 8ll ne2er 3no8.
*;@. 6+at do "o) 'ean b" 8rtn& "es9 n t+e last ans8erW %. T+at I
reall" 'eant ne2er.
2arch *@th. *<.. B" 8+at 'eans are L/asoncM secrets con2e"ed to
8fe5s branW %. 6+at "o) call 'es'erc nfl)ence.
*<<. 6+at do "o) 'ean b" 8+at "o) call9W 6+at do you call tW %.
ElectroCbolo&".
*<?. B" 8+o'1 or b" 8+at1 s t+e electroCbolo&c force set n 'otonW
%. I told "o) "o) co)ld not 3no8 'ore t+an "o) dd.
*<B. Can 8fe ans8er a E)eston t+e re$l" to 8+c+ I do not 3no8W %.
6+" do "o) tr" to 'a3e 'e sa" 8+at I 8on5tW
+ii,JHO-
*<=. ('$l" beca)se I desre 3no8led&e. Dhy 8ll not "o) tellW %. 6fe
co)ld tell f so'e one else1 8t+ a 2er" stron& 8ll1 n t+e roo' 3ne8.
2arch .Bth. *=@. Can "o) foresee t+e f)t)reW %. !o.
Apri *>th. *@>. 6+" are "o) not al8a"sYnfl)enced b" 8+at I t+n3W
%. 6fe 3no8s so'et'es 8+at "o) t+n3.
*@*. -o8 does 8fe 3no8 tW %. 6+en +er bran s e#cted and +as not
been ')c+ tred before.
*@.. B)t b" 8+at 'eans are '" t+o)&+ts con2e"ed to +er branW %.
ElectroCbolo&".
*@;. 6+at s electroCbolo&"W %. !o one 3no8s.
*@<. B)t do not "o) 3no8W %. !o. 6fe does not 3no8.
*@?. 6+at 'a3es "o) al8a"s call +er 8fe9W %. Yo) al8a"s t+n3 of
8fe.
*@B. B)t I ne2er ca +er 8fe.9 6+" do "o)W %. I a' not+n& 8t+o)t
8fe.
.>>. T+at s no ans8er. Dhy do "o) call +er soW %. Beca)se s+e s all a
8fe.
/" obDect n E)otn& t+s lar&e n)'ber of E)estons and re$les +as not
been 'erel" to s+o8 t+e nstantaneo)s and )nfaln& trans'sson of
t+o)&+t fro' E)estoner to o$eratorG b)t1 'ore es$ecall"1 to call attenton to
a re'ar3able c+aracterstc of t+e ans8ers &2en. T+ese ans8ers1 consstent
and n2arable n t+er tenor fro' frst to last1 did not correspond #ith the
opinions or e0pectations o$ either myse$ or my #i$e^. 4or s)c+ ans8ers as
t+ose n)'bered *<1 .=1 *;=1 *<<1 *@.1 and *@<1 8e 8ere bot+ of )s totall"
)n$re$aredG and I 'a" add t+at1 so far as 8e 8ere $re$ossessed b" an"
o$nons 8+ate2er1 t+ese re$les 8ere dstnctl" o$$osed to s)c+ o$nons.
In a 8ord1 t s s'$l" '$ossble t+at t+ese re$les s+o)ld +a2e been et+er
s)&&ested or co'$osed b" t+e conscious ntell&ence of et+er of )s.
One solated b)t 2er" nterestn& e#$er'ent deser2es to be recorded
+ere. I +ad a "o)n& 'an readn& 8t+ 'e as a $r2ate $)$l at t+s t'e. On
4ebr)ar" *.t+ +e ret)rned fro' +s 2acatonG and1 on ben& told of o)r
e#$er'ents1 e#$ressed +s ncred)lt" 2er" stron&l". I offered an" $roof
t+at +e l3ed to nsst )$on1 onl" st$)latn& t+at I s+o)ld see t+e E)eston
as3ed. %ccordn&l"1 /rs. !e8n+a' too3 +er acc)sto'ed c+ar n '" st)d"1
8+le 8e 8ent o)t nto t+e +all1 and shut the door behind us. -e t+en 8rote
do8n on a $ece of $a$erJ A=. 6+at s t+e C+rstan na'e of '" eldest
ssterW
6e at once ret)rned to t+e st)d"1 and fo)nd t+e ans8er alread" 8atn&
for )sJ %. /na.
(T+s na'e 8as t+e fa'l" abbre2aton of 6l+el'naJ and I s+o)ld add
t+at t 8as )n3no8n to '"self.)Y
6e soon fo)nd t+at '" 8fe 8as $erfectl" )nable to follo8 t+e 'otons
of t+e $lanc+ette. Often s+e onl" to)c+ed t 8t+ a sn&le fn&erG b)t e2en
8t+ all +er fn&ers restn& on t+e board s+e ne2er +ad t+e sl&+test dea of
8+at 8ords 8ere ben& traced o)t. T+s s '$ortant to re'e'ber1 n 2e8
of t+e fact t+at f2e or s# E)estons 8ere often as3ed consec)t2el" 8t+o)t
+er ben& told of t+e s)bDect t+at 8as ben& $)rs)ed. (R)le ..)
It str)c3 'e t+at t 8o)ld be a &ood t+n& to ta3e ad2anta&e of t+s
$ec)lart" on +er $art1 to as3 E)estons )$on s)bDects t+at t 8as '$ossble
for +er to 3no8 an"t+n& abo)t.Y I +ad ta3en a dee$ nterest n /asonc
arc+aeolo&"1 and I no8 E)estoned $lanc+ette on so'e s)bDects connected
t+ere8t+.
+ii,JIP-
9ebruary *<th. @.. 6+at s t+e En&ls+ of t+e Great 6ord of t+e R.%.W
(%fter an nterr)$ton1 of 8+c+ I s+all s$ea3 +ereafter1 one &reat 8ord of
t+e ,e&ree1 b)t not t+e one I 'eant1 8as 8rtten1 2er" slo8l" and clearl".)
@=. Is t+e 8ord tr)l" &en)ne1 or s t a 'adeC)$ oneW %. Tred to tellJ
can5t.
@A. B" 8+o' 8as t+e 8ord frst )sedW %. Too +ard 8or3 for 8fe.
9ebruary *Ath. **.. 6+at s t+e translaton of t+e Great Tr$le 6ordW
%. (T+e frst s"llable of t+e 8ord n E)eston 8as 8rtten correctl"1 and t+en
t $roceeded.) T+e end )n3no8n. T+ree lan&)a&es. Greece. E&"$t. ("rac.
**;. 6+at $art of t+e 8ord s Gree3W %. /eann& )n3no8n.
**<. 6+en 8as t+e 8ord frst n2entedW %. Told all I 3no8.
**?. 6+o are "o) t+at 3no8W (%ns8er scra8led and lle&ble.)
**B. Please re$eat sa'e ans8er le&bl"W %. /anfestaton tr)ne $erson.
(-ere follo8 E)estons **=K..1 as abo2e.)
2arch *?th. *.?1 *.B. 6+at are t+e t+ree lan&)a&es of 8+c+ t+e Great
R.%. 6ord s co'$osedW %. %ns8ered all I co)ld before.
*.=. Yo) sad one $art of t+e 8ord 8as Gree3. 6+c+ s tW %. Gree31 I
t+n3.
*.A. 6+c+ s"llable do "o) t+n3 s Gree3W %. T+e last.
*.@. 6+at s t+e En&ls+ translaton of tW %. Can5t e#$lan t.
*;>. If t+e last s"llable be Gree31 8+c+ s E&"$tan1 as "o) sadW %. I
cannot tell "o) 'ore t+an "o) 3no8.
*;*. B)t 8+"1 t+en1 do "o) sa" t+at t+at s"llable s Gree3 8+c+ ( t+n3
E&"$tanW %. 6fe can5t al8a"s rece2e '$ressons.
(-ere follo8 *;.K;@1 as abo2e.)
2arch .Bth. *BB. Of 8+at lan&)a&e s t+e frst s"llable of t+e Great
Tr$le R.%. 6ordW %. ,on5t 3no8.
*B=. Yes1 "o) do. 6+at are t+e t+ree lan&)a&es of 8+c+ t+e 8ord s
co'$osedW %. Gree31 E&"$t1 ("rac frst s"llable 5correcty given6, rest
)n3no8n.
*BA. 6rte t+e s"llable 8+c+ s ("rac. %. (4rst s"llable correctl"
8rtten.)
*B@. 6rte t+e s"llable 8+c+ s E&"$tan. %. (econd.
*=>. Can "o) not 8rte t+e s"llable tselfW %. T+rd Gree3.
*=<. 6rte do8n t+e 8ord tself. %. (4rst t+ree and last t8o letters 8ere
8rtten correctl"1 b)t fo)r ncorrect letters1 party borro#ed $rom another
#ord o$ the same degree, ca'e n t+e 'ddle.)
*=B. 6+" do "o) 8rte a 8ord of 8+c+ I 3no8 not+n&W %. 6fe tred
+ard to tell t+e 8ord1 b)t co)ld not E)te catc+ t.
*==. Catc+ t fro' 8+o'W %. !ot E)te s)re.
*=A. !ot E)te s)re of 8+atW %. I 3no8 not+n&. 6fe doesn5t E)te
3no8.
*A.. 6rte o)t t+e $ra"er )sed at t+e ad2ance'ent of a /ar3 /aster
/ason. %. %l'&+t" R)ler of t+e :n2erse and %rc+tect of all 8orlds1 8e
beseec+ T+ee to acce$t t+s1 o)r brot+er1 8+o' 8e +a2e t+s da" rece2ed
nto o)r 'ost +ono)rable Co'$an" of /ar3 /aster /asons. Grant +' to
be a 8ort+" 'e'ber of o)r brot+er+oodG and 'a" +e be n +s o8n $erson a
$erfect 'rror of all /asonc 2rt)es. Grant t+at all o)r don&s 'a" be to
T+" +ono)r and &lor"1 and to t+e 8elfare of all 'an3nd.
T+s $ra"er 8as 8rtten off nstantaneo)sl" and 2er" ra$dl". It s a 2er"
re'ar3able $rod)cton ndeed. 4or t+e beneft of t+ose 8+o are not
'e'bers of t+e craft1 I 'a" sa" t+at no $ra"er n t+e sl&+test de&ree
rese'bln& t s 'ade )se of n t+e Rt)al of an" /asonc de&reeG and "et t
contans 'ore +ii,JIG- t+an one strctl" acc)rate tec+ncalt" connected 8t+
t+e de&ree of /ar3 /ason. /" 8fe +as ne2er seen an" /asonc $ra"ers1
8+et+er n Carlle19 or an" ot+er real or s$)ro)s Rt)al of t+e /asonc
Order.
-ere1 t+en1 ass)redl"1 8as a for')la co'$osed b" so'e ntell&ence
totall" dstnct fro' t+e consco)s ntell&ence of et+er of t+e $ersons
en&a&ed n t+e e#$er'ent.
I $roceeded to nE)re as follo8sJ
*A;. I do not 3no8 t+s $ra"er. 6+ere s t to be fo)ndW %. Old
%'ercan Rt)al.
*A<. 6+ere can I &et oneW %. /ost l3el" none n En&land.
*A?. Can "o) not 8rte t+e $ra"er t+at I 'a3e )se of n '" o8n Lod&eW
%. !o1 I don5t 3no8 t.
In t+ese last ans8ers 8e see a ne8 'oral ele'ent ntrod)ced. T+ere s
e2ason1 or s)bterf)&e1 of a 'ore or less n&eno)s 3ndG and totall" fore&n
to t+e 8+ole c+aracter and nat)ral ds$oston of t+e o$erator. % s'lar
atte'$t at delberate n2enton1 rat+er t+an $lead &)lt" to total &norance1 s
contaned n t+e follo8n& ans8ersJ
2ay =th. .??. In 8+at /asonc de&ree 8as t+e Tr$le 6ord frst )sedW
%. 6fe does not 3no8.
.?B. Cannot "o) tell +erW %. -o8 can 8fe 3no8 8+at no one else doesW
.?=. ,oes no one1 t+en1 3no8 t+e ans8er to t+sW %. !o one 3no8s no8.
.?A. 6+at do "o) 'ean b" no89W ,d an"one once 3no8W %. T+e last
one 8+o 3ne8 ded at least t8ent" "ears a&o.
.?@. 6+at 8as +s na'eW %. In %'ercaG don5t 3no8 na'e.
%nd a&an1 2ay .*st. .A>. Can "o) 8rte t+e Tr$le R.%. 6ord toC
n&+tW %. %bracadabra.
.A*. 6ron& 8ord. Tr" a&an. %. 6fe can5t 8rte secret 8ords.
.A.. T+en 8+" dd "o) $rofess to 8rte t t+e ot+er da"W %. I onl" 8rote
8+at 8fe 3ne8.
.A;. B)t f s+e 3no8s t 8+" do "o) not 8rte t toCn&+tW %. Yo) told
+er.
.A<. 6+at dd I tell +erW %. One da" 8+en "o)r nfl)ence o2er +er 8as
2er" stron&.
(N.). T+e ans8er to .A< s a case of arrested9 re$l"G i.e. t s a
contn)aton of t+e re$l" to .A;1 8t+o)t reference to E)eston .A< at all.)
.A?. T+en 8+" does s+e not 8rte t no8W %. 6fe can5t )nderstand.
.AB. Is t '" E)eston1 or t+e ans8er to t1 t+at s+e can5t )nderstandW %.
,on5t 3no8.
.A=. 6+at s t+e 'atter 8t+ "o) toCn&+tW %. Yo) are tred and so s
8fe.
I 8ll concl)de 8t+ a 2er" $rett" nstance of a 'sta3e nstantl"
corrected. It 8as on t+e sa'e e2enn&1 /a" *>t+G I +ad to $reac+ on t+e
follo8n& 6+tC/onda"1 on t+e occason of la"n& a fo)ndaton stone 8t+
/asonc cere'onal1 so I as3edJ
.=?. G2e 'e a te#t for 6+tC/onda"5s ser'on. %. If I &o not a8a"1 t+e
Co'forter 8ll not co'e to "o).
T+e selecton of a s)bDect s)table for Dhitsuntide s $lanl" t+e frst
dea ca)&+t b" t+e ntell&enceG so I $roceededJ
.=B. T+at 8ll not do for '" s)bDect. I 8ant a te#t for t+e 2ondayQs
ser'on. %. Let brot+erl" lo2e contn)e.
),0 A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. (*A@;)1 $$. B*KB<.
I +ad often )r&ed t+at atte'$ts s+o)ld be 'ade to 'tate /r. and +ii,
JIH- /rs. !e8n+a'5s seres of e#$er'ents n t+e transference of an )nseen
E)eston t+ro)&+ an a)to'atst5s s)bl'nal self to +s $enclG and I 8as at
len&t+ fort)nate eno)&+ to fnd a frend/r. R. -. B)tte'er1 of E''an)el
Colle&e1 Ca'brd&e1 a &rad)ate n +ono)rs n !at)ral (cence8lln& to
'a3e a sero)s endea2o)r of t+s 3nd. (o'e $erse2erance 8as reE)redG b)t
a frend of /r. B)tte'er5s1 /r. -. T. Green1 +a2n& frst been se2eral t'es
l&+tl" +"$notsed b" /r. B)tte'er1 s+o8ed d)rn& so'e 'ont+s
)n'sta3able $o8er as a $erc$ent. I 8as co&nsant of t+e e#$er'ents
t+ro)&+o)tG alt+o)&+ on t+e onl" occason on 8+c+ I 8as '"self $resent
/r. Green5s 'nd 8as dstracted b" a t+eolo&cal e#a'naton 8+c+ +e 8as
to $ass ne#t da"1 and +s $encl 8o)ld 8rte lttle b)t na'es of 3n&s of
Israel and 7)da+. T+e condtons 8ere t+ro)&+o)t &oodG t+e E)eston ben&
8rtten do8n o)t of /r. Green5s s&+t1 and ndcatons caref)ll" a2oded. In
t+e last sttn& /r. Green +ad +s bac3 to all t+e ot+er $ersons $resent
8+c+ s1 of co)rse1 t+e r&+t $lanGand t+at sttn& 8as1 as 8ll be seen1 t+e
best of all. B)t consdern& t+e nat)re of t+e E)estons as3ed1 t+ere 8as1 I
t+n31 lttle o$$ort)nt" for )nconsco)s ndcatons1 e2en 8+en so'e of t+e
$ersons 8+o 3ne8 t+e E)eston 8ere 8t+n s&+t of /r. Green. T+ere 8as
ne2er an" contact. T+e selecton of E)estons and ans8ers &2en belo8 s a
nearl" a2era&e sa'$leGt+ose 8+c+ are o'tted ben& 'anl" E)estons on
$r2ate affars1 8+ere t+e ans8ers 8ere necessarl" less defnte t+an
numbers or etters, and 8+ere t+er de&ree of correctness 8o)ld need
c)'bro)s e#$lanaton. T+e best ans8er s certanl" t+e s$elln& o)t of 7o+n
Bo)fro' t+e )nseen card.
T+e ans8ers +ere classed as rrele2ant9 8ere so'et'es a re$rod)cton
of t+o)&+ts l3el" to be n t+e o$erator5s 'nd ($ersons l3e 7eroboa' and
O'r freE)entl" t)rnn& )$)G and so'et'es1 I t+n31 re$resented '$erfect
efforts of t+e s)bl'nal self to &et at t+e )nseen E)eston. In t+s and ot+er
$onts t+ese e#$er'ents rese'ble t+e ')c+ 'ore co'$letel" s)ccessf)l
!e8n+a' seres. T+ere 8as no a$$arent reason for t+e cessaton of /r.
Green5s $o8er. -e 8as a +ealt+" 'an1 b)t +ad one or t8o trfln& al'ents
d)rn& t+e e#$er'ents1 8+c+ see'ed to c+ec3 t+e fac)lt" for t+e t'e. /r.
Green1 /r. 6.1 and /r. (. are 3no8n to 'eG and all1 I t+n31 +a2e $)rs)ed
t+e nE)r" n a scentfc s$rt. T+e fr2olo)s and ro)ndabo)t st"le of t+e
re$les s 2er" c+aracterstc of a)to'atc 'essa&es n t+er earler sta&es. I
no8 &2e /r. B)tte'er5s acco)nt.
%:TO/%TIC 6RITI!G E0PERI/E!T( 6IT- PL%!C-ETTE.
T+e follo8n& seres of e#$er'ents 8ere cond)cted at Ca'brd&e1 t+e
o$erator ben& /r. Green1 of E''an)el Colle&e. T+e a&ents ($resent
d)rn& all t+e e#$er'ents descrbed) 8ere /r. 6. and /r. B)tte'er. T+e
seres of e#$er'ents co''enced on !o2e'ber *.t+1 *A@.J $ror to t+s
/r. Green +ad 'ade one or t8o 'ore or less s)ccessf)l atte'$ts at
a)to'atc 8rtn&1 b)t t+e ob2o)s dffc)lt" of a2odn& t+e c+ance of
consco)s nterference 8+ere t+e E)estons $)t 8ere as3ed alo)d +ad
$re2ented t+e follo8n& )$ of t+ese tll t+e s)&&eston 8as 'ade t+at t+e
E)estons s+o)ld be 8rtten do8n and concealed +ii,JII- fro' t+e o$erator.
:nder t+ese condtons a tral 8as 'ade on t+e abo2e date1 t'e . P./.1 t+e
E)estons ben& 3no8n onl" to t+e t8o a&ents. !o one else 8as $resent.
X. 6+at s n)'ber on 'ac+neW (an a)to'atc dceCbo#1 none of t+e
t+ree +a2n& seen t+e n)'bers on t). %. G2e anot+er.
X. 6+o s ll on t+s starcaseW %. Re $3e $3e. (% 'an of t+at na'e1
P3e1 8as ll1 as all 8ere a8areG b)t /r. Green +ad not seen t+e E)eston.)
%ll t+en (/r. Green ncl)ded) loo3ed at t+e dceCbo#1 and sa8 t+e n)'ber
se2enon t.
X. 6+" 8o)ld "o) not ans8er frst E)estonW %. (e2en.
%not+er E)eston 8as t+en correctl" ans8ered.
X. 6+at s t+e 'atter 8t+ -. T. GreenW %ns8er referred to $re2o)s
E)eston.
X)eston 8as $)t a&an1 stll 8t+o)t /r. Green seen& t. %. % bad cold.
(Correct.)
X. 6+" cannot (/r. 6.) 8rte 8t+ $lanc+etteW %. 61 "o) 'ean.
T+ere s not+n& n &ood +ealt+. L2er s not n &ood condton.
X. 6+ose l2er s not r&+tW %. . (Irrele2ant.) . !obod" $artc)larl".
X. (B" /r. B)tte'er.) 6+ere a' I &on& t+s afternoonW %fter 8atn&
so'e t'e t+e ans8er 8as 8rtten ra$dl". %. %8a"1 a8a"1 a8a".
/r. Green 3ne8 8+ere I 8as &on&1 b)t dd not 8rte a 'ore defnte
ans8er a)to'atcall".
E&+t E)estons 8ere $)t n all1 of 8+c+ fo)r 8ere ans8ered
''edatel" and correctl"1 and t8o after a sentence referrn& to t+e $re2o)s
E)eston +ad been 8rtten. T+e frst and t+rd 8ere not ans8ered1 t+e ans8er
to t+e frst ben& )n3no8n to t+e a&ents1 8+le at t+e t+rd /r. Green5s
s)bl'nal consco)sness a$$eared to seNe t+e o$$ort)nt" of s+o8n& ts
D)stCacE)red 3no8led&e of t+e frst. L6+en t8o ans8ers are &2en1 t+e
o$erator 8as s'$l" told to 8rte a&an1 after t+e frst rrele2ant ans8er1
8t+o)t ben& s+o8n t+e E)estonG e#ce$t 8+ere ot+er8se stated.M
%t t+e ne#t sttn&1 on t+e *<t+ !o2e'ber1 /essrs. 6.1 (.1 and B)tte'er
8ere $resent1 8+le /r. Green o$erated $lanc+ette1 as before. (# E)estons
Lt+e ans8ers to 8+c+ 8ere 3no8n to t+e a&entsM 8ere $)t n t+e sa'e 8a"1
t8o ben& ans8ered drectl" and )n'sta3abl"1 8+le one 8as ans8ered
after so'e rrele2ant 8rtn&1 t8o ncorrectl"1 and t+e last 8as not ans8ered1
t+e o$erator a$$earn& tred.
November .>th. %&ents and $erc$ent as before. < P./.
T+e E)estons 8ere $)t n t+e sa'e 8a".
X. 6+o s 7.O.4./.W (T+e ntals ben& &2en n t+e E)eston1 8e
8s+ed t+e na'e to be 8rtten.) %. . /an. ,ean. (Rat+er lle&ble.) .
/)rra". (R&+t. ,ean of E''an)el.)
X. 6+o s G.R.(.W (Onl" (. 3ne8 8+o 8as 'eant.) %. !ot (. (-ere
(. told t+e ot+er a&ents t+e na'e('t+.) /r. Green 8rote (lee$19 and
beca'e dro8s". -e 8as s$o3en to1 to ro)se +'1 and t+e E)eston 8as
8rtten.
X. 6+" dd "o) beco'e dro8s" and 8rte (lee$9W %. -. T. Green
($a)se) cannot +el$ +'self.
X. 6+"W %. -e s tred1 +e s tred1 +e s tred. (6rtten 2er" fast.)
1anuary ;*st, *A@;. < P./. %&ents as before1 8t+ t+e addton of /rs.
-. and /ss B.
+ii,JIJ-
X. -o8 'an" c)$s of tea dd /ss B. +a2eW %. . Cannot be ascertaned1
. It 8as n all t8o. . .. (Correct.)
(6+en a second ans8er 8as 8ated for1 care 8as ta3en t+at t+e 8rter
s+o)ld &lean no dea of t+e E)eston n t+e nter2al.)
X. 6+at en&ra2n& s on t+e 8all o2er t+e $anoW (It 8as one of t+e
X)een soon after +er 'arra&e.) %. . Yo) 'a" $erce2e t 8as so.
(%$$arentl" referrn& to $re2o)s E)eston.) . It s a &rl1 t+e da)&+ter of a
'an1
X. 6+o 8as $la"n& t+e $ano 8+en t+e lades ca'e nW %. . T+e cloc3
+at+ strc3en f2e. (T+e cloc3 str)c3 D)st as /r. Green be&an to 8rte.) .
/r. (. (T+s 8as correct.)
X. 6+at 8as tW %. . T+e one t+at 8as as3ed frst1 . (o'et+n&1 .
E#$lan "o)rself 'ore clearl".
X. 6+at 8as (. $la"n& 8+en 8e ca'e nW %. . T+e or&nal one of all.
. %ll I can sa" s La C&ale.9 (Correct.)
T8o 'ore E)estons 8ere ans8ered correctl"1 and t+en t+e 8rter be&an
8rtn& on a s)bDect n +s 'nd at t+e t'e1 and fo)r 'ore E)estons t+at
8ere $)t rece2ed no drect ans8ers.
9ebruary *Ath. A P./. /rs. -.1 /ss B.1 /r. and /ss /. $resent1 n
addton to /r. Green1 and /essrs. (.1 6.1 and B)tte'er.
/r. Green1 as )s)al1 o$erated $lanc+ette1 and on t+s occason sat 8t+
+s bac3 to all t+e ot+er $ersons $resent.
X. (fro' /r. /.) 6+at 8as I don& t+s afternoonW %. . t+e s)n
(all else lle&ble)1 . EnDo"n& t+e fres+ ar of +ea2en.
X. 6+at 8as /r. Ro&ers don& n Ca'brd&eW %. . (Irrele2ant1 or
$ossbl" connected 2a&)el" 8t+ t+e E)eston.) . %s3 anot+er1 b)t /r.
Ro&ers ca'e )$ on '$ortant b)sness connected 8t+ t+e Lod&e. (Correct.)
X. 6+ere +as /rs. /. &oneW %. . (Irrele2ant.) . 4ar1 far a8a"1 b)t
'ore ne#t t'e. . -er 'ot+er +as &one too+1 8+at a +a$$" $lace s
LondonZ 2. %ll c+an&e +ere for Bletc+le". (/rs. /. +ad $ossbl" $assed
t+s staton on +er Do)rne".)
X. 6+o +as 8on t+e %ssocaton /atc+ toda"W %. . (Ille&ble.) . O+1
"e s'$le ones1 +o8 lon& 8ll "e lo2e s'$lct"W 6+"1 O#ford1 of co)rse.
LT+s fact 8as 3no8n to so'e $ersons n t+e roo'1 b)t not to /r. Green.M
One of t+e co'$an" t+en s)&&ested t+e atte'$t to &et t+e na'e on a
2stn& card trans'tted1 and t+e E)eston 8as 8rtten1 6rte na'e on
card.9 /r. Green dd not 3no8 t+at t+s e#$er'ent 8as abo)t to be tred1
and t+e card 8as $c3ed fro' a $le at rando'. T+e na'e 8as 7o+n B.
Bo)rne. % sentence 8as 8rtten b" /r. Green1 8+c+ $ro2ed to be1 T+n3
of one letter at a t'e and t+en see 8+at 8ll +a$$en.9 6e dd so. %. . 7 for
7er)sale'1 O for O'r1 - for -one"1 and ! for !ot+n&1 . B for BenDa'n1
O for Ol2e1 : for :ncorn. (T+e re'ann& letters 8ere &2en ncorrectl".)
X. -o8 'an" of t+e (ocet"5s boo3s are +ereW (T+ere 8ere t8o 2ol)'es
of &roceedings on t+e table.) %. . (Irrele2ant.) . T+e ans8er s *>>^@A.
X. 6+at s .\;W T8o rrele2ant ans8ers 8ere &2en1 $ossbl" o8n& to
a sl&+t dst)rbance n t+e roo'. T+e t+rd ans8er 8as6+en t+at nose
+as ceased and (. +as fns+ed 3noc3n& t+e la'$ o2er I sa" B.9
% tral s+ortl" after t+s1 4ebr)ar" *@t+1 &a2e no res)lts1 and t+e $o8er
of a)to'atc 8rtn& a$$ears to +a2e entrel" left /r. Green for t+e $resent.
),1 A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. <<K<A.
T+e follo8n& acco)nt1 dated T+ornes -o)se1 6a3efeld1 7an)ar" +ii,
JIK- ;>t+1 *A@;1 s s&ned b" Lad" /abel -o8ardG +er +)sband1 /r. -enr"
-o8ard1 of Gre"sto3e Castle1 6est'oreland1 attestn& t+e facts 8+c+ le
8t+n +s co&nsance. (o'e corroboratons1 and so'e co''ents of '"
o8n1 are added n brac3ets.
*. I be&an to 8rte a)to'atcall" e2er" no8 and t+en 8+en a "o)n& &rl1
as so'e relatons of 'ne 8ere n t+e +abt of don& so. I do not1 +o8e2er1
re'e'ber an" of t+e 'essa&es )ntl I 8as e&+teen1 8+en one da" a &rl
frend as3ed 'e as a Do3e1 6+o 8s+ed to 'arr" +erW9 /" $encl 8rote
t8o ntals 8+c+ +ad no 'eann& for 'e. T+e &rl 8as 2er" an&r"1 as
t+o)&+ t+e 8rtn& '$led t+at s+e 8as fated to 'arr" t+s 'an. (+e told
'e not+n&G b)t so'e "ears after8ards a 'an 8t+ t+ese ntals told 'e t+at
+e +ad 8s+ed to 'arr" t+s lad" at D)st t+at t'e. LT+e transference of an
dea atent n t+e a&ent5s 'ndto t+e e#cl)son of t+e dea 8+c+ +e
#ishes to +a2e transferreds1 of co)rse1 a freE)ent $+eno'enon n t+ese
e#$er'ents.M
.. (o'e t'e after '" 'arra&e (*AA?) t+ere 8as a b)r&lar" at !et+erb"
-all1 n C)'berland1 a fe8 2al)able De8els ben& stolen. T+e robbers 8ere
ca)&+t t+ree or fo)r da"s later1 b)t t+e De8els 8ere not fo)nd. !e#t ()nda"
La$$arentl" !o2e'ber *st1 *AA?1 see belo8M1 I 8as as3ed b" so'e frends to
8rte 8+ere t+e De8els 8ere. I 8rote1 In t+e r2er1 )nder t+e brd&e at
Teba".9 T+s 8as 2er" )nl3el"1 and +ad ne2er been s)&&ested1 so far as I
3no81 b" an" one. E2er" one la)&+ed at t+sG b)t t+e De8els 8ere fo)nd
t+ere. LT+e -on. /rs. C. 7. Cro$$er1 of Tolson -all1 Rendal1 corroborates as
follo8s1 n 4ebr)ar" *A@;J 6e 8ere sta"n& at Gre"sto3e D)st after t+e
ca$t)re of t+e !et+erb" b)r&lars1 and so'e E)estons abo)t t+e b)r&lar"
8ere ans8ered b" Lad" /abel5s $encl. I a' absoutey certan t+at n
ans8er to t+e E)eston H6+ere are t+e De8elsWI t+e $encl 8rote HIn t+e
r2er.I I t+n3 t+at n ans8er to a f)rt+er E)eston t added H:nder t+e
brd&e1I b)t I a' not so certan of t+s. I a' $erfectl" certan t+at t 8ent on
to sa" t+at t+e fo)rt+ 'an1 8+o ne2er 8as ca)&+t1 8as t+en Hn Carlsle1I
and t+at t also &a2e +s na'e. (T+e fo)rt+ 'an 8as so'e t'e after
s)s$ected to +a2e been a oca man.%/.-.) /" +)sband1 8+o 8as also
$resent1 s E)te s)re abo)t t+e 8ords H)nder t+e brd&e.IE,IT- E.
CROPPER.9M
L4ro' t+e Carise 80press and 80aminer, October ;*st1 *AA?1 t
a$$ears t+at t8o of t+e b)r&lars 8ere ca$t)red at Teba" (taton. T+e &)ard
sa8 t+e' conceal t+e'sel2es n a tr)c31 and tele&ra$+ed n ad2ance for
assstance. T+e t+rd 'an esca$ed1 b)t see's to +a2e cre$t bac3 to t+e tran1
for +e 8as s)bseE)entl" ca)&+t at Lancaster1 as +e 8as E)c3l" 'a3n& for a
London tran. It 8as not n t+e least 3no8n 8+ere t+e De8els 8ere (a $ourth
'an +a2n& &ot a8a")1 and t+e fndn& of t+e frst De8el near Teba" (taton1
close to t+e 8ater sde (re$orted n sa'e $a$er !o2e'ber =t+)1 8as
accdental. T+s dsco2er"1 of co)rse1 ca)sed searc+ to be 'ade n t+e r2er1
8+ere t+e De8els 8ere fo)nd near t+e ral8a" brd&e19 'ore t+an a 'ont+
later. ((a'e $a$er1 ,ece'ber *@t+.) T+ere can1 I t+n31 be no do)bt t+at t+e
8rtn& 8as on !o2e'ber *st. Lad" /abel -o8ard1 8rtn& fro' L")l$+5s
To8er1 Penrt+1 /a" ?t+1 *A@;1 s E)te certan of t+sJ It 8as ''edatel"
after t+e 'en 8ere ca)&+t1 and before an" De8el at all 8as fo)nd. T+s all
8ll assertt+e B)llers1 Cro$$ers1 '" brot+er and +)sbandfor all f2e of
)s 8ere local $eo$le1 and loo3n& o)t for e2er" fres+ detal abo)t t1 and
ony t+e ca$t)re +ad ta3en $lace 8+en t+e $encl 8rote.9M
+ii,JIL-
;. On t+e sa'e n&+t I 8rote t+at '" sster 8o)ld be en&a&ed to be
'arred n (e$te'ber *AA=. %t t+e end of (e$te'ber *AA= s+e beca'e
en&a&ed to a &entle'an of 8+o' t+ere +ad been no dea at t+e t'e. LIt s1
of co)rse1 conce2able t+at t+e $redcton1 3no8n to t+s lad"1 'a" +a2e
nfl)enced t+e date of t+e e2ent.M
<. %t nearl" t+e sa'e date so'e connectons of 'ne 8+o +ad let a
+o)se1 t+e lease of 8+c+ 8as e#$rn&1 8ere e#$ectn& to +ear 8+et+er an"
da'a&e +ad been done1 b)t dd not s$ea3 of an" $artc)lar $ossblt". I
8rote t+at not+n& 8as nD)red e#ce$t a $artc)lar table n a $artc)lar s$ot.
!e#t da" t+e" +eard t+at t+s $artc)lar table1 and t+s alone1 +ad been
nD)red.
L/ss B)ller corroborates and e#$ands t+s state'ent as follo8sJ
;B GREE! (TREET1 P%RR L%!E1 6.1 Apri .Bth, *A@;.
T+e follo8n& ncdent +a$$ened 8+en I 8as sta"n& at Gre"sto3e 'ore
t+an a doNen "ears a&o Ldscre$anc" as to dateM1 b)t I +a2e often told t+e
stor" snce1 and to t+e best of '" recollecton t+e facts 8ere t+eseJ
On ben& as3ed 8+at da'a&e o)r tenants +ad done1 Lad" /abel
-o8ard5s $encl re$ledJ T+e" +a2e bro3en t+e table and a c+ar19 and
added1 t+e table +as been 'ended.9 On reac+n& o)r +o)se and as3n& t+e
sa'e E)eston of o)r +o)se'ad1 s+e re$led t+at a table n t+e dra8n&C
roo' (t+e onl" one of ts 3nd) +ad been bro3en1 b)t +ad been 'ended1 and
one of t+e 3tc+en c+ars +ad been bro3en. !ot+n& else n t+e 8a" of
f)rnt)re +ad been nD)red.
-E!RIETT% 7. B:LLER.M
?. (+ortl" after8ards I 8ent for so'e 8nter 'ont+s to (t. /ortN. 4or
so'e reason or ot+er t+e ans8ers 8ere $artc)larl" &ood t+ere. One da" a
lad" l2n& n E)te a dfferent $art of t+e +)&e +otel1 and on t+e fo)rt+ floor1
8+le 8e 8ere on t+e frst floor1 'ssed a 2al)able obDect 8+c+ s+e +ad
bo)&+t as a $rNe for tobo&&ann&. I 3ne8 not+n& of t+e crc)'stances1 b)t
'" +and 8rote t+at t+e obDect +ad been ta3en b" a l&+tC+ared "o)n& 8ater
called Rc+ard. I 3ne8 of no s)c+ 8ater1 as +e +ad not+n& to do 8t+ o)r
$art of t+e +otel. B)t on 'entonn& t+s ans8er to t+e lad" n E)eston s+e
sad t+at t+ere 8as n fact a "o)n& l&+tC+ared 8ater called Rc+ard 8+o
8ated on +er floorG and t+at s+e +ad s)s$ected +'. /" +and +ad 8rtten
8+ere t+e obDect 8as +ddenG b)t t+e lad" 8o)ld not +a2e searc+ 'ade.
B. % /r. -)t+1 8+o 8as sta"n& at o)r +otel1 8as lea2n& t+e ne#t da"
for Pars1 and +ad arran&ed to dne t+e da" after 8t+ a frend1 a "o)n&
doctor attac+ed to t+e E'bass" n Pars1 fro' 8+o' +e +ad D)st rece2ed an
n2taton. -e as3ed 'e to $redct so'et+n& abo)t +s Do)rne". /" +and
8rote 8ords to t+s effectJ Yo) 8ll +a2e an accdent on "o)r Do)rne"G and
"o) 8ll not see "o)r frend1 and "o) cannot see +'.9 -e derded t+s1 as
t+e arran&e'ent 8t+ t+e frend +ad D)st been 'ade. %s +e 8ent to C+)r
ne#t da" b" sle&+ +s sle&+ 8as o2ert)rned1 and +s Do)rne" 8as t+)s
dela"ed for a da". 6+en +e &ot to Pars +e fo)nd t+at +s frend 8as dead.
L/r. -)t+ nde$endentl" corroborates and adds to t+s acco)nt as
follo8sJ
O%R4IEL, LO,GE1 -:,,ER(4IEL,1 Apri *Bth, *A@;.
In /arc+ *AA@ I 8as sta"n& at (t. /ortN (En&adne)1 8+ere I 'et 8t+
a 2er" sero)s accdent tobo&&ann&. %lt+o)&+ stll cr$$led1 I decded to
ret)rn +o'e1 and on t+e 'ornn& of '" de$art)re t+e 8eat+er 8as
brllantl" fne. I as3ed Lad" /abel -o8ard5s $encl1 'ore n Do3e t+an
an"t+n& else1 +ii,JIM- 8+at sort of a Do)rne" I s+o)ld +a2e. T+e $encl
$ro'$tl" re$led t+at I s+o)ld +a2e an a8f)l Do)rne" and 'eet 8t+ an
accdent. I t+en as3ed 8+et+er I s+o)ld 'eet and dne 8t+ an" frend n
Pars. I as3ed t+s E)eston beca)se I +ad arran&ed to dne 8t+ a frend of
'ne1 a ,r. ,a2es1 8+o 8as l2n& t+ere1 to tal3 o2er so'e t+eatrcals +e
8as to &et )$ at t+e Brts+ E'bass". T+e $encl at once re$led t+at I
s+o)ld net+er 'eet nor dne 8t+ an" one I 3ne8. Rno8n& of '"
arran&e'ent and ncred)lo)s as to t+s re$l"1 I re$eated '" E)eston1 8t+
t+e sa'e res)lt. I t+en as3ed 8+at da" I s+o)ld &et bac3 to En&land1 +a2n&
decded n '" o8n 'nd to ret)rn on t+e 4rda". T+e $encl at once
ans8ered On T+)rsda".9
On t+e s)''t of t+e 7)ler Pass t+e 8eat+er s)ddenl" c+an&ed fro'
br&+t s)ns+ne to a $erfect +)rrcane of 8nd1 sno81 and sleet1 8+c+
co'$letel" blnded )s1 and t+e sno8 8as so t+c3 8e co)ld not see ten "ards
n front of )s. O)r dr2er 'ssed t+e trac31 t+e sle&+ )$set1 and 8e 8ere all
t+ro8n o)t on to t+e sno81 and t 8as t+ree +o)rs before 8e 8ere n
co'$arat2e safet". On '" arr2al n Pars I fo)nd no 8ord fro' '" frend
,r. ,a2es1 and on nE)r" at +s roo's I learnt t+at +e +ad ded fro'
t"$+od fe2er ten da"s $re2o)sl". I net+er dned 8t+ nor 'et an" one I
3ne8 8+lst n Pars1 and I ret)rned to En&land a da" sooner t+an I +ad
ntended n conseE)ence of '" frend5s deat+1 and t 8as onl" )$on '"
arr2al n London t+at I re'e'bered t 8as T+)rsda"1 t+e da" foretold b"
t+e $encl.
-%RRY -:T-.M
=. In *AAA anot+er &rl frend of 'ne as3ed 8+en s+e 8as to be en&a&ed
to be 'arred. /" +and 8roteJ In /arc+ *A@>.9 (+e beca'e en&a&ed n
t+at 'ont+ to a 'an of 8+o' t+ere +ad been no dea at t+e t'e. LT+e lad"
n E)eston1 /rs. La8son1 8rtn& fro' Gre"sto3e Castle1 4ebr)ar" *A@;1
confr's and enlar&es t+s state'ent as follo8sJ I 8as at Gre"sto3e n
4ebr)ar" *AAA1 and Lad" /abel -o8ard 8as 8rtn& 8t+ +er $encl1 8+c+
sad t+at I s+o)ld be en&a&ed to be 'arred n /arc+ *A@>1 and t also sad
t+at I s+o)ld not be 'arred )ntl t+e follo8n& "ear. I #as en&a&ed to be
'arred on /arc+ .=t+1 *A@>1 and t 8as all settled t+at I s+o)ld be 'arred
8t+n s# 8ee3sG b)t 'ost )nforeseen crc)'stances arose1 and '"
'arra&e dd not ta3e $lace )ntl %$rl *A@*.C%/ILL% L%6(O!.9M
A. I +a2e ne2er tred e#$er'ents n t+o)&+tCtransference1 s)c+ as t+ose
recorded n t+e (.P.R. &roceedings. B)t I +a2e no do)bt t+at 8ords and
deas do $ass 8t+o)t s$eec+ fro' '" +)sband5s 'nd nto 'ne. I +a2e
s$ecall" re'ar3ed t+s a $ro$os of b"eCelectons1 8+en I feel certan t+at I
+a2e ne2er consco)sl" 3no8n t+e na'es of t+e canddates. /an" t'es '"
+and +as 8rtten t+ose na'es (8+en 3no8n to +') tr)l"1 and so'et'es t
+as $redcted res)lts of electons 8t+ an acc)rac" 8+c+ see'ed to bot+ of
)s not to be t+e res)lt of c+ance. In one case1 8+ere a &entle'an na'ed
!anne" 8as standn&1 of 8+o' I 8as E)te s)re t+at I +ad ne2er +eard1 '"
+and 3e$t 8rtn& Goat1 Goat.9 In t+s case '" +)sband 8as not $resent1
b)t so'e one else 8+o 8as $resent 3ne8 t+e na'e.
/%BEL -O6%R,.
Correct1 as far as I a' concerned.-E!RY -O6%R,.9
LT+ese last nstances ')st1 accordn& to o)r canons of e2dence1 be
rec3oned 'erel" as re22als of s)bl'nal 'e'or". !a'es 8+c+ +a2e been
$rnted n ne8s$a$ers 8+c+ +a2e been l"n& abo)t ')st be ta3en as +a2n&
$ossbl" +ii,JIN- fallen 8t+n t+e feld of at least )nconsco)s 2son. T+e
e'er&ence of an )nconsco)sl" obser2ed na'e Nanney n t+e &rotesE)e
for' :oat 8o)ld t+)s be $arallel to t+e e'er&ence of t+e )nconsco)sl"
obser2ed 8ord )ouion n t+e &rotesE)e for' Cerbascum Thapsus,
'entoned n &roceedings, 2ol. 2. $. <??.M
6rtn& later1 fro' P Par31 %$rl *At+1 *A@;1 Lad" /abel addsJ
@. T+e -. &rls as3ed 8+at entertan'ent t+e" s+o)ld &o to drectl" on
arr2n& n London. T+e $encl ans8ered1 Lad" C.9 T+s $)NNled )s all1 as
no one 3ne8 of an entertan'ent to be &2en ne#t 8ee3. %t last1 as t
contn)ed 8rtn& Lad" C.19 8e &a2e t )$1 t+n3n& t ')st 'ean dnn& at
+o'e1 Lad" C. 'eann& Lt+er 'ot+erM. T+at 2er" e2enn&1 e&+t +o)rs after1
a letter arr2ed fro' LLad" 6.G.M sa"n& Lad" Carrn&ton 8s+ed to 3no8 f
t+e -.5s co)ld dance t+e 'n)et at +er +o)se on t+e .=t+. T+e" 8ll arr2e n
London on t+e .?t+. L4ro' a later letter t a$$ears t+at t+e Lades -. 3ne8
t+at t+s en&a&e'ent '$ended1 b)t bele2ed t+at t 8o)ld be ')c+ later n
t+e season1 and 8ere ')c+ s)r$rsed t+e'sel2es at rece2n& t+e letter.9M
*>. I +a2e '"self L4.6.-./.M s)cceeded n &ettn& t8o correct ans8ers
to E)estons absol)tel" be"ond Lad" /abel5s 3no8led&e. 4ro' T+ornes
-o)se I 8as as3ed to l)nc+eon at t+e +o)se of a &entle'an 8+o' I 3ne8
onl" b" corres$ondence1 and of 8+ose +o'e and entourage t+e rest of t+e
$art" 3ne8 absol)tel" not+n&. On '" ret)rn I as3ed1 -o8 'an" $eo$le
sat do8n to l)nc+eonW9 T+e ans8er 8as (#19 8+c+ 8as r&+t. 6+at 8as
t+e na'e of t+e &entle'an1 not '" +ost1 8t+ 8+o' I sat and tal3ed after
l)nc+eonW9 T+e $encl 8rote /O1 and t+en be&an to scra8l. T+e na'e 8as
2outrie. It 8as '$ossble t+at Lad" /abel s+o)ld +a2e +ad an" 3nd of
noton t+at a &entle'an of t+at na'e 8o)ld +a2e been $resent n a &ro)$ of
8+c+ s+e 3ne8 not+n& 8+ate2er. B)t +ere t+e '$)lse to 8rte see'ed
s$ent1 and a fe8 f)rt+er E)estons 8ere ans8ered b" erroneo)s 8ords or
'ere scra8ls.
**. T+e follo8n& state'ent1 dated ,o8nes1 Credton1 ,e2ons+re1
%$rl At+1 *A@;1 s s&ned b" (r Red2ers B)ller1 R.C.B.1 and b" /ss
,orot+" -o8ard (da)&+ter of Lad" %)dre" B)ller)J
Lad" /abel -o8ard 8as sto$$n& 8t+ )s t+s 8ee3. (+e 8as 8rtn&
8t+ +er $encl D)st after arr2n&. (o'e one as3edJ H6+ere s ,onWI T+e
$encl ''edatel" ans8ered1 H-e s dead.I Lad" /abel t+en as3ed 8+o
,on 8as1 and 8as told t+at +e 8as a do&. !o one n t+e roo' 3ne8 t+at +e
8as deadG b)t on nE)r" t+e ne#t da"1 t 8as fo)nd t+at t 8as so. One of
t+e $art" t+en as3ed +o8 'an" fs+ 8o)ld be ca)&+t n t+e r2er t+e ne#t
da". T+e $encl at once 8rote three, 8+c+ 8as t+e n)'ber obtaned t+e
ne#t da".
% lttle &rl n t+e +o)se1 8+o attends a sc+ool n London1 as3ed 8+o
8as +er &reatest frend at t+s sc+ool. T+e $encl ans8ered 2ary, 8+c+ 8as
a&an a fact absol)tel" )n3no8n to Lad" /abel.
,OROT-Y E. -O6%R,.
RE,VER( B:LLER.9
T+e follo8n& s anot+er case 8+c+ I E)ote fro' t+e &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;@?. Lad" Vane 8rtesJ
-:TTO!CI!CT-EC4ORE(T1 Apri Ath, *A@<.
%bo)t a 'ont+ a&o I lost a boo31 a 'an)scr$t one1 relatn& to t+s
+o)se. I t+o)&+t I +ad left t n '" 8rtn&Ctable n '" sttn&Croo'1 and
ntended to add a note abo)t so'e alteratons D)st co'$letedb)t ne#t da"
t+e boo3 +ii,JIO- +ad 2ans+ed. I loo3ed t+ro)&+ e2er" dra8er and
c)$board n '" roo' and t+en as3ed (r -enr" to do t+e sa'e1 8+c+ +e
dd t8ce. I also 'ade t+e +ead +o)se'ad t)rn e2er"t+n& o)t of t+e' and
+el$ed +er to do soso t+at fo)r t+oro)&+ searc+es 8ere 'adeG b)t n 2an.
6e also loo3ed n t+e &aller" and lbrar" (t+e onl" ot+er roo's to 8+c+ t+e
boo3 +ad been ta3en) and co)ld not fnd t. On /arc+ .At+ I as3ed Lad"
/abel -o8ard to 8rte abo)t t. (+e 8rote1 It s n t+e loc3ed c)$board n
t+e boo3case+dden be+nd t+e boo3s.9
I sad1 T+en t must be n t+e lbrar"1 beca)se t+e boo3cases are
loc3ed19 and Lad" /abel 8rote1 !ot n t+e lbrar".9 I sad1 T+en t ')st
be n t+e anteCroo' n t+e c)$board19 and as3ed f I s+o)ld fnd t. Lad"
/abel 8rote1 !o1 send (r -enr".9 I as3ed1 6ll +e fnd tW9 and s+e
8rote1 Of co)rse.9
(tll t+n3n& t co)ld onl" be t+e anteCroo' or t+e lbrar"on acco)nt
of t+e loc3ed c)$board and boo3case1 I as3ed1 6+c+ end of t+e roo'W9
Lad" /abel 8rote1 T+e ta$estr" end.9 I as3ed1 Is t on t+e 8ndo8
sde of t+e roo' or on t+e ot+erW9 and s+e 8rote1 T+e ot+er.9 % frend
sta"n& n t+e +o)se loo3ed n t+e boo3cases n t+e lbrar" at t+e ta$estr"
end1 and n t+e c)$board n t+e anteCroo' (I +ad 'et 8t+ an accdent and
co)ld not &o '"self) and co)ld not fnd t+e boo31 so 8e &a2e t )$.
On %$rl ?t+ (r -enr" 8as n '" sttn&Croo' and s)ddenl" sad1 I
+a2e an deaZ Lad" /abel 'eant this roo'. T+ere s t+e boo3case and t+e
loc3ed c)$board n tand t+e 8all o)tsde t+e door s co2ered 8t+
ta$estr".9 I sad1 Yo) have loo3ed n t+at c)$board t8ce1 and so +a2e I
and t+e +o)se'ad1 and t+e boo3 s not t+ereb)t loo3 a&an f "o) l3e.9
(r -enr" )nloc3ed t+e door of t+e c)$board and too3 o)t all t+e boo3s
(t+ere 8ere not 'ore t+an +alfCaCdoNen) and $)t t+e' on t+e floor. T+e last
+e $)t bac3 nto t+e c)$board 8as a scra$Cboo3 for ne8s$a$er c)ttn&s1 and
as t 8as rat+er dar3 at B.;> P./. +e co)ld not see t+e na'e on t+e bac3 and
t+erefore o$ened t to see 8+at t 8as1 and t+e lost 'an)scr$t boo3 fell o)t.
-a2n& searc+ed t+s 2er" s'all c)$board fo)r t'es $re2o)sl"1 et+er
of )s 8o)ld +a2e been read" to s8ear t+at t+s boo3 8as not n t.
((&ned) /%RG%RET V%!E.
-E!RY V%!E.
6rtn& to 'e abo)t t+s case on %$rl *>t+1 fro' Gre"sto3e Castle1
Penrt+1 Lad" /abel -o8ard sa"sJ
T+e da" I &ot "o)r letter I &ot a s$ecal letter sent o2er fro' -)tton to
sa" '" $encl +ad fo)nd a 2al)able boo3 t+at Lad" Vane +ad lost. 6e
t+erefore 8al3ed o2er t+ere on ()nda" and I as3ed +er to 8rte t o)t. It s
so 2er" c)ro)s1 E)te t+e best t+n& I t+n3 t+e $encl e2er +as doneas t
sad19 n t+e c)$board in t+e boo3case19 and t+e" co)ldn5t t+n3 8+ere t
'eanta c)$board in a boo3caseand t+s lttle c)$board s a c)$board n
t+e 'ddle let nto &lass boo3cases on et+er sde. I +ad no dea of t+e
c)$boards or ta$estres t+ere1 and t+e $encl 8rote all t+s n t+e sand8c+
$a$er at l)nc+eon on t+e PontCtoCPont raceco)rse.
(o c)ro)s1 too1 t+e $encl sad1 (end (r -enr"19 t8ce. It 8as t+e
'erest c+ance fndn& t1 as t fell o)t of t+s scra$Cboo31 and 8as +dden
be+nd t+e ot+er boo3s.
+ii,JJP-
In anot+er letter1 dated %$rl *<t+1 Lad" /abel -o8ard 8rtesJ
I sa8 Lad" Vane on 4ebr)ar" .<t+1 8+en t+e boo3 +ad not been lost. I
dd not see +er a&an tll Easter /onda". T+e 'o'ent I &ot )$stars s+e
e#cla'ed1 I 8ant "o) to fnd a boo3 for 'e t+at s lost.9 !o $encl nor
$a$er 8as fort+co'n&1 so s+e sad1 !e2er 'nd1 8rte 8+en "o) &et
+o'e19 b)t I for&ot1 and t 8as t8o da"s after at t+e PontCtoCPont race t+at
s+e as3ed 'e a&an1 and 8e 8rote t n t+e $a$er t+e sand8c+es +ad been
n.
I 8as abroad all t+s /arc+ and t 8as t+en t+at t+ere 8ere re$ars ben&
done n t+e +o)se1 and Lad" Vane too3 t+e boo3 do8n fro' 8+ere s+e 3e$t
t (I don5t 3no8 8+ere) and +a2n& entered t+e re$ars nto t1 $)t t do8n1
and fro' t+at 'o'ent t 8as ne2er seen a&an. I ')st +a2e been at 4lorence
8+en t+e boo3 8as lost.
/%BEL -O6%R,.
%re 8e to descrbe t+s as a 3no8led&e of $ast1 of $resent1 or of f)t)reW
Or 'a" 8e sa" t+at a telFst+etc $erce$ton of t+s 3nd s not strctl"
condtoned b" t'e1 b)t ncl)des so'e retro&ress2e 3no8led&e as to +o8
t+n&s reac+ed t+er $resent condton1 and also so'e $re&ress2e nference
as to t+er co'n& de2elo$'entW T+e ele'ent of forecast n t+e $resent case1
t+e ndcaton t+at t 8o)ld be (r -enr" Vane 8+o 8o)ld fnd t+e boo31
s n tself 2er" sl&+tG b)t t cannot be &nored 8+en 8e co'$are ot+er
'essa&es of Lad" /abel -o8ard5s. (ee1 for nstance1 t+e 'essa&es to /r.
-)t+1 8+ere t+e ele'ent of $reco&nton 8as stron&l" 'ar3ed. In t+s
$resent case1 t+e 8+ereabo)ts of t+e boo3 can +ardl" +a2e been
s)$ral'nall" 3no8n to an" +)'an ben&G snce t+e 8or3'an or ser2ant
8+ose +ands 'a" +a2e sl$$ed t nto t+e lar&er boo3 8as $robabl" )na8are
of 8+at t 8as1 or e2en of +s o8n )nt+n3n& acton tself. If1 +o8e2er1 t
8ere (r -enr" or Lad" Vane 8+o )nt+n3n&l" $laced t+e s'all boo3 n
t+e lar&er oneand t+s does not see' E)te '$ossbleLad" /abel5s
3no8led&e '&+t +a2e been dra8n tele$at+call" fro' t+er s)bl'nal
'e'or".
),( A . 4ro' the 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *?K*B.
T+e follo8n& ncdent see's to +a2e been caref)ll" 8atc+ed and
recorded1 and 8as $)bls+ed1 8t+ na'es of &)arantors1 ''edatel" after
t+e e2ent. It s e#tracted fro' a $a'$+let1 enttled SpirituaismeV 9aits
Curieu0, $ar Pa)l %)&)eN (,ent)1 Pars1 *A?A)J
On ,ece'ber *>t+1 *A?=1 8e addressed t+e follo8n& letter to /.
/orn1 2ceC$resdent of t+e (ocUtU d) /es'Urs'e1 as3n& +' to 3ee$ t+e
letter seaed )ntl t+e co'$lete f)lfl'ent of t+e sad e2ent of 8+c+ 8e
related t+e $redcton. T+e sad $redcton 8as as clearl" e#$ressed as t 8as
8onderf)l n t+e e#traordnar" 'et+od of $rod)cton. 6e retaned a co$" of
t+s letter 8ord for 8ord. T+e or&nal1 sta'$ed 8t+ t+e $ost'ar31 +as been
ret)rned to )s1 after t+e 2erfcaton of ts date and contents1 )nder t+e
follo8n& crc)'stancesJ
+ii,JJG-
P%RI(1 *ecember *>th, *A?=.
(IR1%bo)t a "ear a&o1 after a fr)tless e#$er'ent n +"dro'anc"1
*
a
"o)n& lad"1 8+o 8as 8t+ )s 'a3n& t+ese e#$er'ents1 s)ddenl" sa8 a
2er" stran&e scene reflected on t+e $ols+ed s)rface of a &lass nto 8+c+
s+e +ad been loo3n& a fe8 'n)tes before.Y
(+e sa81 s+e sad1 a roo' contann& t8o beds. In one of t+ese s+e sa8
E)te dstnctl" a sc3 $erson1 8+ose dstorted feat)res beto3ened t+e
a$$roac+ of deat+.
%ro)nd t+s bed 8ere standn& se2eral $eo$le1 a'on&st 8+o' s+e
co)ld dstn&)s+ a "o)n& 8o'an and t8o c+ldren1 all t+ree dressed n
blac3.
Ben& ')c+ astons+ed at t+s 2son1 and not 3no8n& 8t+ 8+at to
connect t1 8e as3ed t+e e#$er'enter f t+ese $ersons 8ere 3no8n to +er.
(+e re$led at once t+at t+e d"n& 'an see'ed to +er to be a frend of o)rs1
/.0.1 an e'$lo"U n a &o2ern'ent offce1 and t+at t+e t+ree $ersons dressed
n blac3 ')st be +s 8fe and +s t8o sons.
%lt+o)&+ t+s a$$eared 2er" stran&e1 8e dd not attac+ ')c+
'$ortance to t+e 'atter1 for /.0. +ad a stron& constt)ton1 and at t+at t'e
8as n &ood +ealt+.
-o8e2er1 abo)t t+ree 'ont+s a&ot+at s to sa"1 abo)t nne 'ont+s
after t+e 2son of 8+c+ 8e +a2e &2en an acco)nt/.0. 8as s)ddenl"
attac3ed b" ac)te bronc+ts and con&eston of t+e l)n&sG b)t alt+o)&+ +s
llness 8as $rono)nced b" t+e doctor to be rat+er sero)s1 t dd not ca)se
an" &reat )neasness.
T+en t+e fatal $redcton ca'e nto o)r 'nds1 and 8e 8ere 2er"
an#o)s abo)t t+e condton of o)r frend1 8+c+ beca'e 'ore and 'ore
dstressn&.
% fe8 8ee3s a&o t+e dsease ass)'ed a 'ore sero)s c+aracter1 and as
t+e arran&e'ent of t+e a$art'ents n 8+c+ +e 8as l2n& 'ade t
'$ossble to n)rse +' effcentl"1 +e deter'ned to ta3e ad2anta&e of t+e
$r2le&e attac+ed to +s $oston as &o2ern'ent offcal1 and 8as 'o2ed to
ValCdeCGrgce.
%t t+e t'e of 8rtn& t+s letter1 t+e n2ald1 fndn& +'self so'e8+at
better1 +as D)st been ta3en to t+e +o)se of a relaton1 8+ere +e +o$es to sta"
d)rn& +s con2alescence.
%t t+e sa'e t'e1 t+e dsease +as not d'ns+ed n se2ert"1 alt+o)&+ t
s statonar". T+s s +o8 'atters stand toda"1 ,ece'ber *>t+1 *A?=.
%s far as 8e are concerned1 +o8e2er1 t+e $redcton s n so'e 'eas)re
f)lflled. Indeed1 8+o 8o)ld e2er +a2e t+o)&+t t+at a "o)n& 'an1 n f)ll
stren&t+1 8o)ld1 n s)c+ a s+ort t'e1 be n s)c+ a state as +e s toda"W 6+o
8o)ld +a2e s)$$osed t+at an" one 8+o l2ed n s)c+ co'fortable
crc)'stances as o)r )nfort)nate frend 8o)ld be obl&ed b" t+e force of
crc)'stances to +a2e +'self ta3en to a +os$talW 6+o co)ld +a2e foreseen
t+at +s fa'l"1 8+o +ad been seen dressed n blac31 s+o)ld +a$$en D)st at
t+at t'e to be n 'o)rnn& for a relaton 8+o +ad ded a s+ort t'e
$re2o)sl"W
6e ')st add f)rt+er t+at snce /.0. 8as 'o2ed to t+e +o)se of +s
relaton1 after atte'$ts to obtan co'')ncatons b" 'eans of a table1 for
se2eral e2enn&s1 a 'essa&e1 &2n& t+e na'e of /.0.1 a$$eared
s$ontaneo)sl". %'on& ot+er t+n&s sad1 n re$l" to E)estons as3ed1 8ere
t+e 8ordsJ H,eat+ 8arnn&ZYI
+ii,JJH-
6e +eard later on t+at at t+e t'e 8+en t+ese 'anfestatons occ)rred1
/.0. 8as l"n& n a state of let+ar&c st)$or1 n conseE)ence of t+e doses of
o$)' &2en +' to nd)ce slee$.9
/.0. ded a 'ont+ after t+s letter 8as sent. It 8as read b" )s n t+e
$resence of //. le Baron d) Potet1 Pett d5Or'o"1 and /orn1 8+o1 after
+a2n& consdered all t+e crc)'stances1 and +a2n& 2erfed t+e date of t+e
$ost'ar31 ,ece'ber **t+1 certfed t+at t+e detals t+eren contaned 8ere
absol)tel" acc)rate.
),( B . T+e follo8n& are e#tracts fro' a translaton
*
of a $a$er on
tele$at+c Perce$tons b" /eans of %)to'atc 6rtn&19 b" /. Bonatt1
8+c+ a$$eared n t+e 7ivista di Studi &sichici, 7)l" *A@?.
I be&an to 8rte a)to'atcall" 8t+ t+e +and of a 'ed)' restn& on
'ne1 b)t soon I 8as able to 8rte alone. T+e co'')ncatons 8ere at frst
of a s$rt)alstc c+aracter1 and t+e 8rtn& 8as a far 'taton of t+at of t+e
def)nct 8+o a$$eared to be $resent1 and 8+o' I +ad 3no8n n lfe.
-o8e2er1 I 8as acE)anted 8t+ t+er 8rtn&. I 8as &enerall" ad2sed to
8or3 and st)d" ')c+G '" co)nsellor 8as nterested n '" 'oral lfe1 and
8as a 'ore attent2e frend t+an an" I +a2e fo)nd n fles+ and blood. (oon
after I 8as obsessed b" a l"n& and fr2olo)s1 b)t not 8c3ed1 $ersonalt"1
8+o ds$la"ed a &reat $asson for art. T+s $ersonalt" 8as onl" )sef)l to
'e on t+at $ont1 &2n& 'e ad2ce1 and1 b" 'eans of a)to'atc dra8n&1
&reatl" de2elo$n& '" 'e'or" of dra8n& and $o8ers of conce$ton. I dd
not 8rte for se2eral 'ont+s1 n order to free '"self of t+s obsesson.
/ean8+le I enlar&ed '" 3no8led&e of $s"c+cal 'attersG and 8+en I
be&an to 8rte a&an I s)cceeded n con2ncn& t+e co'')ncatn&
$ersonalt" t+at t '&+t be an e'anaton fro' '" o8n s)bconsco)s self.
%fter t+s t called tself '" Secondo.
I e#a'ned t+s Secondo to see f t $ossessed an" s)$ernor'al $o8ers1
and dsco2ered so'e. It contn)ed to &2e 'e )sef)l ad2ce1 and
stren&t+ened '" lo2e of art.
6+en I 8rte a)to'atcall" I do not 3no8 8+at t+e co'')ncaton 8ll
beG so'et'es I &)ess after a fe8 8ords1 b)t I often &)ess 8ron&l"1 and
8rte so'et+n& alto&et+er )nl3e '" &)ess.
I enDo" $erfectl" &ood +ealt+1 and a' able to end)re constant o)tdoor
e#ercse 8t+o)t fat&)e. %s far as I 3no81 I a' $s"c+call" nor'al. I retan
all '" nor'al fac)ltes 8+en 8rtn& a)to'atcall".
T+e follo8n& are cases of tele$at+" fro' $ersons slee$n& or drea'n&
at a &reater or less dstance1 t+er '$ressons ben& re2ealed to 'e b"
a)to'atc 8rtn&. T+e frst of t+ese cases 8as a &reat s)r$rse to 'e1 as I
+ad ne2er +eard of s'lar ones. :$ to 4ebr)ar" *=t+1 *A@;1 I +a2e +ad 2er"
fe8 fal)res1 and t+ese too3 $lace 8+en I ea&erl" desred t+e $+eno'enonG
8+lst t+e s)ccesses +a$$ened s$ontaneo)sl". E2er" t'e t+at I tried to
rece2e a tele$at+c co'')ncaton1 t 8as false. T+e follo8n& are cases of
t+e co'')ncaton of drea's1 and t ')st not be for&otten t+at drea's are
so'et'es not re'e'bered at all1 and often re'e'bered onl" n $art.
<ctober <th, *A@.1 ** P./.I 8rote a)to'atcall"1 Go %n&
Goodb"e.9 T+e 'an 8+o +as been '" ')rderer 8ll not fare 8ell.9 T+e
ne#t da" Go %n& [ told 'e t+at d)rn& t+e $ast n&+t s+e +ad +ii,
JJI- drea't of 'e and of a 'an 8+o +ad1 n tr)t+1 been for +er a 2er"
')rderer. In +er drea' s+e ntended to re2en&e +erself on +'. %n&
Go l2ed abo)t t+ree 3lo'etres fro' 8+ere I 8as 8rtn&.
<ctober Ath, @.;> P./.I 8rote1 -)&o1 I a' s$ea3n& 8t+ "o).9 %nd
t+en a drea' not 8ort+ re$ortn&. I also a' s$ea3n&I a' G)do. I a'
s$ea3n& 8t+ '" &rand'ot+er.9 %nd t+en anot+er drea'. Go %n&
1 I a' s$ea3n& to G. I a' telln& +' t+at I 8s+ +' to $a" 'eG
b)t I don5t as3 for 'one"1 b)t for clot+es.9
-)&o and G)do are '" t8o ne$+e8s1 8+o l2e n a 2lla&e f2e
3lo'etres fro' 'e. T+e frst s ten and t+e ot+er t8el2e "ears old. 6+en
as3ed t+e ne#t da"1 8t+ t+e &reatest care not to s)&&est an"t+n& to t+e'1 of
8+at t+e" +ad drea't t+e $re2o)s n&+t1 t+e frst ans8ered t+at +e +ad
drea't t+at $eo$le 8ere tr"n& to 3ll 'e1 and t+at +e re'e'bered not+n&
elseG t+e ot+er told 'e t+at +e +ad drea't of 'e1 b)t re'e'bered not+n&
'ore of +s drea'. Bot+ +ad &one to bed at A.*?.
Go %n&1 8+en E)estoned 8t+ &reat ca)ton1 told 'e t+at on
t+e n&+t of t+e At+ s+e +ad drea't of G. (+e re'e'bered E)te 8ell
t+at +e 8as tal3n& to +er abo)t a ne8 s)t of +s 8+c+ 8as barel" be&)n1
b)t dd not re'e'ber f s+e +ad been $ad b" +'.
On t+e sa'e e2enn& on 8+c+ I +ad 8rtten do8n t+e drea's of '" t8o
ne$+e8s1 I 'ade a)to'atcall" a 2er" c+lds+ dra8n&1 and n a 'o'ent
$erce2ed t+at t re$resented t+e' and t+er brot+ers1 8+o 8ere n t+e
co)ntr". B)t I obser2ed t+at one of t+e' 8as 'ssn&1 beca)se t+ere are
fo)r of t+e'1 and n '" dra8n& t+ere 8ere onl" t+ree. I dd not 3no8 t+e
reason of t+s. T+e ne#t 'ornn& I +ad an e#$lanaton1 dsco2ern& n '"
+o)se1 8+ere +e +ad $assed t+e n&+t1 t+at 2er" ne$+e8 8+o 8as 'ssn& n
'" $ct)re. -e +ad co'e )$ on t+e e2enn& of t+e At+1 a fe8 +o)rs before I
rece2ed t+e tele$at+c 'essa&e1 and after I +ad &one fro' '" +o)se to '"
st)do1 8+ere I a' acc)sto'ed to $ass t+e e2enn&. -s arr2al +ad not been
$reCarran&ed1 and I co)ld not +a2e seen +' arr2e1 e2en )nconsco)sl"1 as
t+e street I 8ent t+ro)&+ to &o to '" st)do 8as n a totall" dfferent
drecton fro' t+e street +e tra2ersed to &et to '" +o)se.
T+e follo8n& s co$ed fro' '" Do)rnalJ
<ctober .*st, =.;> P./.I 8rte1 /. O. s no8 'entonn& "o)r na'e
to (&
na
R.9 T8o +o)rs after I 'eet /.O.1 8+o sa"s +e s$o3e of 'e to (&
na
R. abo)t =.;>1 a $ro$os of a letter 8+c+ +e +ad rece2ed t+at e2enn&1 and
8+c+ contaned a reference to 'e. I +ad not seen +' all t+e da"1 3ne8
not+n& of t+e letter1 nor t+at +e 8as 8t+ (&
na
R. 8+en I 8as 8rtn&.
9ebruary .Bth, * P./.I 8rte1 I a' $osonn& '"self. T+n3 of 'e.9
T+e 8rtn& be&ns 8t+ a na'e I cannot dec$+er1 b)t 8+c+ I &)ess.
2arch *@th.Toda" a frend of t+e $erson 8+ose na'e I &)essed told
'e s$ontaneo)sl" t+at t+at $erson +ad atte'$ted to $oson +erself se2eral
da"s a&o. On t+e .Bt+1 8+en I +ad t+e co'')ncaton1 s+e 8as at Bolo&na1
and 'ade t+e atte'$t later at Ro2&o. I do not 3no8 f t 8as t+e frst
atte'$t1 nor1 f t 8as so1 8+et+er s+e +ad decded to do t 8+en I 8rote. I
+ad no reason to s)$$ose t+at %.G. 8o)ld 8s+ to ta3e +er o8n lfe.
:nfort)natel" I +a2e +ad no 'ore co'')ncatons fro' +er 8+c+ '&+t
+a2e &2en 'e 'ore detals.
2arch *=th.I 8rte1 R)n to t+e Cl)b. Go.9 I +a2e not been to t+e
Cl)b for 'ore t+an a 'ont+1 and ntended to &o to bed at once. /" frend1
%.L.1 8+o rarel" &oes to t+e Cl)b1 +ad t+s e2enn& asssted at a conference
+ii,JJJ- on G)do Bonatt. %ssocaton of deas 'ade +' t+n3 of 'e1 and
+e 8ent to t+e Cl)b bele2n& +e 8o)ld fnd 'e t+ere. I obe"ed t+e
tele$at+c order1 and t+)s dsco2ered 8+at +ad ca)sed t.
2ay Ath. 2orning.% co'')ncaton $artl" lle&ble. Yo) 8ll
rece2eY%n& Go toda"1 8+c+ 8ll tell "o) abo)t /.1 beca)se
s+e +as been tal3n& to +'.9
%n& Go s at Vence. /an" da"s a&o I +ad c+ar&ed +er to sa"
certan t+n&s to /. f s+e 'et +'. -e l2es at Vence. On t+s e2enn& (t+e
At+) I rece2ed a card fro' %n& Go1 relatn& +er con2ersaton 8t+
/.1 8+o' s+e +ad 'et b" c+ance. %fter t+e Yo) 8ll rece2e toda"9 n t+e
a)to'atc 8rtn&1 t+ere are se2eral atte'$ts at a 8ord. !o8 I 3no8 all
abo)t t1 I can see t+at t+e 8ord s 'eant for $ostcard.9
LT+e $ostcard 8as 3e$t and readsJ
VE!ICE1 2ay =th, *A@;.9
(&ostmarB, VE!ICE1 2ay Ath.)
I fo)nd /. and told +' 8+at "o) c+ar&ed 'e to sa". -e told 'e +e
+ad 8rtten to "o) before lea2n&1 and t+at +e 8o)ld 8rte a&an and send
"o) +s $ortrat.Yo)rs1
%!GELI!%.9M
9ebruary ?th, *A@<. Cenice.(I l2ed at Pad)a 8+le rece2n& t+e
$re2o)s co'')ncatons.) T+e a)to'atc 8rtn& nfor's 'e t+at '"
'ot+er at Pad)a +as +ad so'et+n& t+e 'atter 8t+ +er +and. L%bo)t t8ent"
da"s later I 2erfed t+s. !o one +ad told 'e of t.M
:nfort)natel" I +a2e not 3e$t all t+e or&nal 8rtn&s before 7an)ar"
*A@;1 I +a2e $reser2ed onl" t+ose 8+c+ 8ere 2erfed. T+s s d)e to '"
t+en ne#$erence1 for I t+o)&+t t )seless to $reser2e )n2erfable
co'')ncatons. I re'e'ber t+at tll 7an)ar" *A@; false co'')ncatons
8ere rare1 and t+e )n2erfable ones 8ere n)'ero)s.
4ro' t+e be&nnn& of *A@; tll 4ebr)ar" ?t+1 *A@<1 a&anst t8ent"C
se2en co'')ncatons 2erfed1 I +a2e recorded e&+t false ones1 e&+teen
8+c+ I co)ld not 2erf"1 f2e 8+c+ 8ere 8+oll" or $artl" correct1 b)t
8+ere I a' not certan t+at t+e nfor'aton 'a" not +a2e reac+ed 'e n
so'e nor'al b)t )nnotced 'anner1 and t8o 8+c+ 8ere correct b)t not
e#act.
I rec3on t+at fro' October *A@. tll 7an)ar" *A@; t+ere 'a" +a2e been
f2e false anno)nce'ents. T+)s t+ere 'a" +a2e been alto&et+er t+rteen
false co'')ncatons.
I concl)de fro' '" $ersonal e#$erences t+at t+e $rnc$al ca)se of
fal)re s t+e nter2enton of t+e nor'al consco)sness1 8+c+ occ)rs 'ost
easl" 8+en t+e 8rtn& s slo8 and lle&ble1 or 8+en t+e co'')ncaton s
desred. I do not re'e'ber e2er +a2n& rece2ed a tr)t+f)l 'essa&e 8+en I
8s+ed for t. T+e tr)e tele$at+c cases 8ere al8a"s s$ontaneo)s1 and
'$ro2ed b" t+e e#ercse of t+e fac)lt". % tr)e 'essa&e 8as nearl" al8a"s
follo8ed b" ot+er tr)e onesG t+en ca'e a false one1 8+c+ ca)sed
dsco)ra&e'ent1 and ntated an anno"n& seres of false+oods1 tll anot+er
s)ccess restored confdence.
I +a2e obser2ed t+at confdence s t+e best condton for obtann&
$s"c+cal $+eno'ena.
L(&nor Bonatt s a frend of ,r. Er'acora1 8+o +as been so'et'es
$resent 8+en +e 8as 8rtn& a)to'atcall"G on one or t8o occasons 8+en
t+e 8rtn& 8as of tele$at+c or&n. (&nor Bonatt cannot obtan ')c+
confr'aton1 $artl" on acco)nt of t+e la$se of t'e1 and $artl" beca)se t+e
s)$$osed a&ents are $ersons 8+o' +e +as lost s&+t of.M
+ii,JJK-
),* A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. B=KA.
Professor -. 8rtes to ,r. -od&son n *AA@J
I 8rte "o) t+e detals of anot+er 'atter told 'e b" a frend1 -on. V.1 of
C. -e s one of t+e leadn& 'e'bers of t+e Bar1 +as re$resented
+s (tate se2eral t'es n t+e !atonal Con&ress1 and +as a 2er" clear1
dscr'natn&1 and 2&oro)s ntellect. -e does not bele2e n ($rt)als'1
b)t re&ards ts $+eno'ena as ll)sons or +all)cnatons. In +s "o)t+1 n
*A?<1 +e +ad ta)&+t a 8nter5s ter' n +s nat2e to8n of P1 and n t+e
s$rn& ret)rned to X to co'$lete +s ft for colle&e n t+e %cade'" n
t+at $lace. One e2enn& after +s ret)rn to X1 a $art" of "o)n& $eo$le to
t+e n)'ber of e&+t 8ere &at+ered abo)t a table to 8tness t+e tranceC
8rtn& of one of t+er n)'ber1 a /ss %.1 a 2er" bea)tf)l &rl of e&+teen
"ears of a&e1 and t+e ')sc teac+er of t+e %cade'". (+e 8rote t+e na'e of
/r. V.5s fat+er1 1 8+o +ad ded n *A<?1 and 8+o' no one n t+e
roo' sa2e +s son co)ld +a2e 3no8n. I 'a" add t+at none of t+e $art" sa2e
'" frend 3ne8 an"t+n& abo)t P or ts n+abtants. /r. V. declared
t+at +e dd not bele2e +s fat+er +ad an"t+n& to do 8t+ t+e 8rtn&. %t t+s
/ss %.1 8+o sat on t+e o$$oste sde of t+e table fro' /r. V.1 arose1 ca'e
abo)t to +s sde1 dre8 +er $encl se2eral t'es ra$dl" across t+e t8o
'ddle fn&ers of +s left +and1 ret)rned to +er seat1 and 8rote E)c3l"1
,oes t+s con2nce "o)W9 /r. V. sad t+at t+ose t8o fn&ers 8ere &one
fro' +s fat+er5s left +and1 +a2n& been c)t off n +s bo"+ood. /r. V. 8as
startled1 b)t stll e#$ressed +s dsbelef. /ss %. t+en 8rote -.T.Y.5s na'e1
and contn)edJ Rlled on da" of 1 sldn& do8n / -ll1
r)nnn& off e'ban3'ent1 bro3e +s nec3G Re2. /r. 6. attended f)neralG
te#tJ boo3 1 c+a$. 1 2erse .9 Bot+ date and te#t 8ere &2en
8t+ $artc)lart". /r. 6. 8as a Con&re&atonalst cler&"'an of P1 and
/r. Y.5s fa'l" 8ere act2e and leadn& 'e'bers of +s c+)rc+. /r. Y. +ad
been one of /r. V.5s $)$ls t+at 8nter n P1 and 8t+ t+e ot+er bo"s
+ad co)rsed / -ll1 a 2er" stee$ +ll near t+e sc+ool+o)se1 and co2ered
8t+ &lare ce fro' s)''t to foot. !ear t+e foot 8as an e'ban3'ent
8+arfed )$ to s)stan t+e roadCbed1 and t+at 8as a 2er" dan&ero)s $lace to
slde b". /r. V. +ad re$eatedl" 8arned t+e bo"s of t+e dan&er1 b)t +ad not
dee'ed t best to forbd t+er sldn&. -e +ad 8orred o2er t+e 'atter a &reat
deal1 and 8as e#ceedn&l" rele2ed 8+en sc+ool closed 8t+o)t an" accdent
+a2n& +a$$ened. /r. V. loo3ed )$ t+e te#t and fo)nd t entrel"
na$$ro$rate to a f)neral occason. -.T.Y. s l2n& toda"1 and s t+e +ead
of t+e R (c+ool of Tec+nolo&". T+s fact 'ade /r. V. sco)t t+e 8+ole
affar as )n8ort+" of +s notceG b)t to 'e t see's to ndcate a tele$at+c
e#$lanaton of bot+ occ)rrences. I as3ed /r. V. f et+er +s fat+er or /r. Y.
8ere n +s 'nd at t+e t'e. -e re$led1 !o19 t+e" ca'e nto +s 'nd 8t+
a s+oc3 of s)r$rse 8+en t+er na'es 8ere 8rtten. 6e ')st so s)$$ose t+e
tele$at+c co'')ncaton to be 8t+o)t consco)sness on t+e $art of t+e
a&ent.
T+e -on. V. of t+s case 8rtes as follo8sJ
T+s state'ent b" Professor -. s correct1 and I cannot '$ro2e t1 or
'a3e t 'ore correct b" reC8rtn&. !o8 "o) 'a" )se t+ese facts1 b)t I
earnestl" desre "o) not to 'a3e )se of any names or paces.
+ii,JJL-
),) A . /" ne#t case co'es fro' ,r. Er'acora1 of Pad)a. I E)ote t
fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. BAK=>.
P%,:%1 1une *=th, *A@..
Y(&nora /ara /anNn1 resdn& +ere n Pad)a1 +as been for a fe8
'ont+s e#$er'entn& 8t+ a)to'atc 8rtn&1 and s +abt)all" controlled
b" a $ersonalt" 8+c+ anno)nces tself )nder t+e na'e of El2ra.
On %$rl .*st1 *A@.1 (&nora /ara /anNn rece2ed a letter fro'
Vence nfor'n& +er t+at +er co)sn1 /ara %lNetta1 8as sero)sl" ll 8t+
$+t+ss. It 8as lon& snce (&nora /anNn +ad +eard ne8s of t+s co)sn1
and s+e onl" 3ne8 t+at1 +a2n& been left a c+ldless 8do81 s+e +ad
re'arred and +ad t8o c+ldren b" +er second +)sband. On t+e e2enn& of
t+e sa'e da" (&nora /. 8as 8rtn& n '" $resence1 )nder t+e control of
El2ra1 and as3ed E)estons as follo8sJ
X. Can "o) tell 'e f '" co)sn5s llness s reall" sero)sW %fter a $a)se
of abo)t a 'n)te and a +alf t+e ans8er ca'e. %. (+e +as a 2er" s+ort t'e
to l2e1 and s+e lea2es t+ree lo2el" c+ldren.
X. ,d "o) frst 3no8 t+s 8+en I rece2ed ne8s of t+e llnessW %. !o1 I
+a2e 3no8n t for 'an" da"s1 b)t dd not 'enton t for fear of $ann&
/ara Lt+e 'ed)'M.
X. 6+"1 t+en1 8ere "o) so slo8 D)st no8 n ans8ern& '" E)estonW %.
I 8ent to see +o8 s+e 8as1 so as to be able to tell "o) $recsel".
!e#t da" (&nora /. 8rote to Vence offern& to &o and see t+e n2ald.
On t+e .<t+ s+e rece2ed an ans8er e#$ressn& a desre for +er arr2al1 and
statn& t+at t+e n2ald 8as at t+e +os$tal. (+e 8rote a&an to as3 on 8+at
da"s t 8as allo8ed to 2st t+e +os$tal $atents. Before an ans8er arr2ed
(&nora /. 8rote n '" $resence (%$rl .At+) )nder El2ra5s control1 and 8e
$)t t+e follo8n& E)estonsJ
X. -o8 s t+e n2ald at VenceW ,o "o) 3no8 8+" t+e ans8er to '"
letter +as not arr2edW and do "o) 3no8 on 8+at da" t s allo8ed to 2st t+e
+os$talW %. T+e n2ald5s condton s t+e sa'e. T+ere s lttle +o$e. (+e +as
)nder&one a sero)s o$eratonG t+ere s dan&er. To'orro8 'ornn& /ara
8ll rece2e a letter. Vstors s)c+ as s+e are rece2ed e2er" da" at t+e
+os$tal.
X. ,o "o) 'ean beca)se /ara s a relaton of t+e n2ald5sW %. !o1 b)t
beca)se s+e co'es fro' a dstance.
4aln& to see 8+at connecton t+ere co)ld be bet8een $)l'onar"
dsease and a s)r&cal o$eraton1 8e as3edJ
X. If t+e $atent s n a cons)'$ton1 8+at o$eraton can s+e +a2e
)nder&oneW %. (+e s n a cons)'$tonG b)t t+e o$eraton 8as necesstated
b" t+e brt+ of +er last lttle &rl.
!e#t 'ornn& (&nora /. rece2ed a $ostcard fro' Vence contann&
t+ese 8ordsJ %'ala nE)red at t+e +os$tal and 8as told t+at "o) and
"o)r 'ot+er 8o)ld be rece2ed on an" da"1 as stran&ers fro' anot+er ct"1 f
"o) 8ll co'e 8+en t s)ts "o).9
T+e date of t+e letter5s arr2al and t+e ne8s contaned n t t+)s
corres$onded 8t+ t+e $redcton. B)t an e'barrassn& crc)'stance
re'aned. 6+en t+e $ost'an del2ered t+s letter +e sad t+at +e +ad n fact
bro)&+t t to t+e +o)se on t+e $re2o)s e2enn&1 b)t fndn& no one at +o'e
+e +ad ta3en t a8a" 8t+ +' a&an tll t+e follo8n& 'ornn&. T+)s t+e
'essa&es fro' El2ra +ad been rece2ed after t+e $ost'an +ad endea2o)red
to del2er +ii,JJM- t+e letter. -ad1 t+en1 t+e fact t+at t+e letter 8as alread" n
Pad)a deter'ned t+e co'')ncaton 8+c+ anno)nced ts a$$roac+n&
del2er" and $art of ts contentW
On %$rl ;>t+ (&nora /. 8ent to Vence and fo)nd t+at +er co)sn +ad
reall" +ad a t+rd c+ld a fe8 'ont+s $re2o)sl"1 and after ts brt+ +ad been
ll n a 8a" 8+c+ +ad )lt'atel" needed a s)r&cal o$eraton. %not+er s'all
detal $re2o)sl" co'')ncated to (&nora /anNn b" El2ra 8as l3e8se
fo)nd to be tr)e. (&nora /anNn 'ade no 'enton 8+ate2er of +er o8n
e#$er'ents1 and +er co)sn at Vence contn)ed entrel" &norant of t+e'.
On t+at sa'e e2enn&1 %$rl ;>t+1 on (&nora /anNn5s ret)rn fro'
Vence to Pad)a1 I 8as an#o)s to nE)re fro' t+e control9 as to t+e effect
of t+e $resence n Pad)a of t+e letter 8+c+ +ad been anno)nced on t+e
e2enn& of t+e .At+ for t+e follo8n& 'ornn&. :nder t+e control of El2ra1
(&nora /. 8rote t+e follo8n& ans8erJ I dd not 3no8 t+at t+e letter +ad
arr2edG b)t I 8as s)re t+at /ara 8o)ld rece2e t ne#t 'ornn&1 beca)se
t+ose 8+o 8rote t +ad ntended t+at t s+o)ld reac+ +er n t+e 'ornn&.
T+e" +ad ntended to $ost t n t+e e2enn&1 b)t nstead of t+at t+e" $osted t
drectl" t 8as 8rtten. I 8as1 n fact1 'sta3enG for t 8as a 'ere c+ance t+at
t 8as act)all" rece2ed n t+e 'ornn&.9
I t+en reE)ested (&nora /. to 8rte to +er frends at Vence n t+e
follo8n& ter'sJ I 8o)ld be& "o) to satsf" a feeln& of c)rost" on '"
$art 8t+ re&ard to a $resent'ent 8+c+ I +ad abo)t "o)r last letter. I
s+o)ld l3e to 3no8 8+et+er t 8as $osted at t+e +o)r 8+c+ "o) or&nall"
ntendedG or 8+et+er "o) c+an&ed "o)r ntenton and $osted t at a dfferent
+o)r. 6ll "o) $lease tell 'e all "o) re'e'ber abo)t t+sW9
T+e follo8n& ans8er 8as rece2ed on /a" .ndJ
I +ad 'eant to $ost '" last letter to "o) n t+e e2enn&1 b)t1 fearn& to
for&et t1 I $osted t at 'dCda"1 8+en I +ad occason to &o o)t.9
To res)'e t+e facts. %)to'atc 8rtn& nfor'ed )s of facts entrel"
)n3no8n to o)r ordnar" consco)snessG na'el"1 t+e fact t+at t+e n2ald
+ad t+ree c+ldren1 and t+e fact t+at s+e +ad )nder&one an o$eraton. T+)s
far 8e '&+t n2o3e tele$at+" and clar2o"ance as t+e e#$lanaton. T+en
t+ere 8as a tr)e $redcton of t+e arr2al of a letter1 and of $art of ts content.
B)t alt+o)&+ t+e letter 8as del2ered on t+e 'ornn& s$ecfed1 t +ad1 n
fact1 alread" arr2ed n Pad)a 8+en t+e co'')ncaton 8as 'ade1 and ts
nondel2er" n t+e e2enn& 8as d)e to accdent. Clar2o"ance 8o)ld not
e#$lan t+s ncdent1 as t+at $o8er '&+t +a2e been e#$ected to re2eal t+e
$resence of t+e letter n Pad)a. !et+er 8as t+ere an ndcaton of soCcalled
$s"c+o'etr"an nfl)ence fro' t+e nearness of t+e letter tself. B)t1 lastl"1
an a)to'atc 'essa&e e#$lans t+e ncdent n t+e s'$lest 'anner1 and t+at
e#$lanaton t)rns o)t to be t+e tr)e one.
,R. G. B. ER/%COR%.
),9 A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt of /ss %.5s e#$erences s E)oted fro'
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. (*A@;) $$. =;K@..
Statement o$ 2iss A. as to her Automatic Driting.
*. <rigin o$ the Driting.%bo)t e&+t "ears a&o 8e frst +eard t+at
$eo$le co)ld so'et'es 8rte 8t+o)t 3no8n& 8+at t+e" 8roteG and t+at t
8as s)$$osed t+at de$arted frends co)ld co'')ncate n t+s 8a". 6e
deter'ned to tr" 8+et+er an" of )s co)ld 8rte t+)s. 6e tred frst 8t+ a
+ii,JJN- $lanc+ette1 and 8+en '" 'ot+er5s +and and '" +and 8ere )$on t
8e &ot 8rtn& easl". 6e dd not at frst &et an" 'essa&e $rofessn& to
co'e fro' an" s$rt 3no8n to )s.
.. 2ode o$ Driting.6e soon ceased to )se t+e $lanc+ette1 and I 8as
able to 8rte alone. I can no8 &enerall"1 b)t not al8a"s1 8rte 8+en I st
E)et 8t+ a $encl n '" +and. T+e 8rtn& often co'es e#tre'el" fastG at a
')c+ faster rate t+an I co)ld 3ee$ )$ b" 2ol)ntar" effort for so lon& a t'e.
I +a2e to t)rn o2er t+e $a&es of t+e lar&e $a$er 8+c+ I &enerall" )se1 and to
&)ard t+e lnes of 8rtn& fro' r)nnn& nto eac+ ot+er1 b)t e#ce$t for t+s
t+ere s no need for 'e to loo3 at t+e $a$er1 as I can tal3 on ot+er s)bDects
8+le t+e 8rtn& s &on& on. I can al8a"s sto$ t+e 8rtn& b" a dstnct
effort of 8ll. One c)ro)s t+n& s t+at '" +and s ne2er n t+e least tred b"
a)to'atc 8rtn&.
;. Character o$ the Script.I &et 2aro)s +and8rtn&sG I 'a" +a2e +ad
a doNen alto&et+er. I 'a" d2de t+ese s'$l" nto t8o classes.
A. Lar&e and scra8l" +ands1 8+c+ see' to a' at ease of 8rtn&1 rat+er
t+an at nd2d)alt"1 and do not d2de t+er 8ords1 b)t r)n on 8t+o)t a
brea3. ()c+ are t+e +ands of t+e soCcalled &)des9 and of ot+er s$rts9
8+o 8rte freE)entl". (6+ate2er t+e so)rces of t+s 8rtn& 'a" be1 I ')st
)se t+e ter's 8+c+ t+e 8rtn& )ses n order to a2od constant ro)ndabo)t
$+rases.) T+ese lar&e r)nnn& +and8rtn&s do dffer so'e8+at bot+ fro'
'" o8n +and8rtn& and fro' eac+ ot+erG b)t t+e" 'ost of t+e' +a2e a
&eneral rese'blance to a lar&e1 ra$d scra8l of '" o8n1 8t+ an alteraton
n t+e s+a$e of so'e letters so as to a2od brea3s n t+e contn)o)s scra8l. I
can al'ost al8a"s tell 8+o s 8rtn&G b)t t+ere are dfferences n ener&"1 n
lttle detals of 'ana&e'ent of t+e $a$er1 &c.1 8+c+ +el$ 'e to dstn&)s+1
e2en before t+e end of t+e 'essa&e co'es1 8+en t+e s&nat)re s+o8s 'e
8+o +as been 8rtn&. 6+en t+e $rono)n 8e9 s )sed t+ere s no s&nat)re1
as t+at re$resents t+e &)des.9
). T+ere are also se2eral +and8rtn&s 8+c+ 3ee$ a stron&l" individua
c+aracter1 so'et'es $lanl" of an ass)'ed 3ndG I 'ean 8rtn& n a 8a" n
8+c+ no one 8o)ld +a2e 8rtten n lfe. T+)s 7o+n Lon&land 8rote n an
odd1 t8sted1 ser$entne 8a" and 2er" s'all. 6e )nl)c3l" b)rnt all +s
8rtn&s e#ce$t one scra$1 as 8e dd not bele2e t+at +e 8as a real $erson. %
s$rt calln& +'self ,etorno 'a3es all t+e letters sE)are.
T+en1 a&an1 8+en t+e &)des are 8rtn& n re$l" to a $r2ate E)eston
$)t b" so'e frend of 'ne t+e" 8rte 8ron& sde )$1 so t+at t+e frend
sttn& o$$oste to 'e can read t+e 8rtn& and I cannot. T+e" see' to 8rte
t+s 8a" D)st as easl" as t+e ot+er. (o'et'es t+ere s 'rrorC8rtn&.
(o'et'es eac+ 8ord n a sentence s 8rtten bac38ards1 and so'et'es
t+e 8+ole sentence s 8rtten bac38ards1 be&nnn& 8t+ t+e last letter of t+e
last 8ord. In a fe8 cases onl" +a2e 8e t+o)&+t t+at t+e +and8rtn&
rese'bled 8+at t+e s)$$osed s$rt 8rote n lfe. T+s 8as es$ecall" so n
t+e case of a co'')ncaton cla'n& to co'e fro' '" &randfat+er1 8+ose
+and8rtn& I +ad ne2er seen. /" 'ot+er $rod)ced an old s&nat)re of +s1
and certanl" t 8as l3eG b)t t+ere 8as not eno)&+ of t+e a)to'atc 8rtn&
to 'a3e )s E)te s)re. 6+en t+e s$rt9 or control19 or 8+ate2er t s1
lea2es 'e I cannot 'a3e t co'e a&an1 and 8rtn& fro' s$rts 3no8n to )s
on eart+ s rare n co'$arson 8t+ 8rtn& fro' t+e &)des1 or fro' E)te
)n3no8n s$rts &2n& fantastc na'es. (o'et'es t+e" &2e 8+at t+e" sa"
8ere t+er real eart+Cna'esG and t+en 8e can so'et'es dentf" t+e'G
alt+o)&+ t+ere s1 of co)rse1 t+s dffc)lt"1 +ii,JJO- t+at f t+e" are obsc)re
8e cannot fnd t+e'1 or f t+e" are 8ell 3no8n1 $eo$le 8+o &2e 'e credt
for 'ore 3no8led&e of +stor" t+an I $ossess 'a" t+n3 t+at I 3ne8 all
abo)t t+e'1 and t+at t+e 'essa&es co'e fro' '" o8n 'nd.
LT+e Co)ntess of Radnor addsJ
I t+n3 /ss %. +as consderabl" )nderstated t+e n)'ber of dstnctl"
and re'ar3abl" dfferent t"$es of +and8rtn& t+at +a2e co'e t+ro)&+ +er
+and. I enclose a lst of t+rteen na'es of &)des19 eac+ one of 8+o' +as a
c+aracterstc +and8rtn&1 n2arabl" t+e sa'e1 +o8e2er &reat t+e len&t+ of
t'e t+at ela$ses bet8een t+e co'')ncatons. In addton to t+ese t+ere
+a2e been 'an" nstances 8+ere $ersonaltest+e soCcalled dead1 or
occasonall" t+e l2n&+a2e 8rtten n dstnct +and8rtn&s. -. /.
R%,!OR.M
<. *ra#ings.(o'et'es '" +and s 'o2ed to dra8 nstead of to
8rte. T+e '$)lse n s)c+ cases s E)te eE)all" dstnct. I ne2er 3no8 8+at
I a' &on& to dra8 tll t+e $ct)re s +alf fns+ed. /" +and be&ns at odd1
)ne#$ected $lacesG for nstance1 8t+ s+adn& n a corner1 or at t+e ear of a
$rofleG and a$$roac+es t+e $rnc$al lnes n a 8a" 8+c+ no artst 8o)ld
c+oose. T+ere s no r)bbn& o)t or alteraton of 8+at s once done1 b)t f
8+ate2er 'o2es '" +and does not l3e t+e $ct)re1 t s)ddenl" scra8ls t all
o2er and be&ns a&an on anot+er $ece of $a$er. (o'et'es t8ent" or t+rt"
$eces of $a$er +a2e been s$olt n t+s 8a"1 e2en 8+en t+e $ct)re 8as all
b)t fns+edG so t+at f I t+n3 t+at a $ct)re s $rett" I so'et'es be& so'e
one to ta3e t a8a" fro' )nder '" +and for fear t s+o)ld be scra8led on. I
+a2e no nat)ral &ft for dra8n&1 and +a2e onl" rece2ed a fe8 lessons as a
c+ld. I co)ld not e2en co$" so'e of t+ese a)to'atc dra8n&s. I +a2e ne2er
of '"self $anted n ols1 b)t so'et'es I a' 'o2ed to $ant a)to'atcall"
n 8aterCcolo)r or ols. I $)t o)t a n)'ber of ol colo)rs n a ro81 and '"
br)s+ &oes to t+e' a)to'atcall" and dabs one 8et colo)r on t+e to$ of
anot+er1 'a3n& a $ct)re 8+c+ s odd eno)&+1 b)t ')c+ less ')ddled t+an
'&+t be s)$$osedG n fact1 artsts +a2e sad t+at t 8as c)ro)s t+at a dstnct
$ct)re co)ld be $rod)ced n t+at 8a". 6+en I $ant t+)s t+ere s no
dra8n& or o)tlne1 onl" t+e br)s+C8or3. T+ese dra8n&s and $ct)res +a2e
a certan boldness and stran&eness abo)t t+e'1 b)t t+e" are certanl" not
l3e t+e 8or3 of a re&)lar artst.
?. Connection o$ Dritten #ith other 2essages.T+e 8rtn& so'et'es
e#$lans or co'$letes ot+er $+eno'ena1 as1 for nstance1 f&)res seen1 or
sentences be&)n b" ra$s. (o'et'es1 on t+e ot+er +and1 ra$s 8ll co'e
8+en I 8s+ to +a2e 8rtn&. B)t t+e 8rtn& 8ll +ardl" e2er e#$lan or n
an" 8a" all)de to 8+at reall" 'ost needs e#$lanaton1 na'el"1 t+e cr"stalC
2sons. T+e &)des 8+o 8rte see' to 3no8 not+n& abo)t t+ese 2sons.
B. Sub"ect o$ the Driting.T+e &reat 'ass of t+e 8rtn& conssts of
teac+n&s as to rel&on and $+loso$+". T+s s 8+at '" &)des see' to
8s+ to &2e1 and t s stran&e t+at t s+o)ld be so1 as '" o8n t+o)&+ts +a2e
not been ')c+ drected to s)c+ 'atters.
%not+er lar&e $art of t+e 8rtn& conssts n a 3nd of fantastc
descr$ton of t+e 8a" n 8+c+ a 8orld 8as 'ade. T+e na'e &2en 8t+
t+ese 8rtn&s s Gelal)s. I s)$$ose t+at t+s s a 3nd of ro'ance. It s 2er"
dfferent fro' an"t+n& t+at I s+o)ld '"self e2er 8rte or drea' of1 nor a'
I at all fond of readn& ro'ances of t+at 3nd. T+e 8rtn& $rofesses to be
co$ed fro' a boo3 o$en at t+at $artc)lar c+a$ter1 and so'et'es a $assa&e
8ll be contn)ed +ii,JKP- 8ee3s or 'ont+s after t+e frst $art of t 8as
8rtten1 as f t+e boo3 +ad c+anced to be o$en a&an at t+at sa'e $lace.
(o'e of t+e 'essa&es1 +o8e2er1 deal 8t+ eart+l" 'atters. (o'e &2e
&eneral ad2ce1 so'e &2e 'edcal ad2ce1 and so'e s+o8 a 3no8led&e of
t+n&s n t+e $ast or $resent 8+c+ I do not $ossess. (o'e of t+ese 'essa&es
+a2e been c)ro)sl" r&+tG so'e +a2e been $artl" r&+t1 b)t conf)sed or
nterr)$tedG and so'e +a2e been 8ron& alto&et+er. T+e sense of time see's
conf)sed1 so t+at t s +ard to sa" 8+et+er t+e ncdents are 'eant to +a2e
+a$$ened lon& a&o1 or latel"1 or to be stll n t+e f)t)re. /an" of t+e
'essa&es 8e +a2e not tested1 as t+e" 8ere abo)t t+n&s 8+c+ dd not
nterest )s. Often1 for nstance1 t+ere 8o)ld be 'essa&es abo)t e2ents n t+e
ne8s$a$ers 8+c+ I +ad not t+o)&+t or cared abo)t.
%s to 8+at I +a2e called &eneral ad2ce19 I t+n3 t+at t+s +as al8a"s
been &ood 8+en t related to t+e cond)ct of t+e a)to'atc 8rtn& tself. I
s+o)ld be told1 I 'ean1 8+en to 8rte and 8+en not to 8rte1 and 8+at
$eo$le5s $resence 8as desrable1 and so fort+. T+e ad2ce s often E)te
dfferent fro' 8+at 8e #ish/forbddn& )s to as3 $eo$le 8+o' 8e +ad
desred to as3. T+ere +as been one 2er" c)ro)s case 8+ere 8e 8ere
re$eatedl" told Lb" a deceased relat2e of +sM to send for9 a &entle'an
8+o' I 8ll call /r. C. ,.1 of 8+o' 8e 3ne8 not+n&1 e#ce$t t+at 8e +ad
seen +s na'e n t+e $a$ers n E)te a dfferent connecton. It so c+anced
t+at a frend of o)rs 3ne8 /r. C. ,. and bro)&+t +' to see )s1 b)t for so'e
"ears t+ere see'ed to be no $artc)lar res)lt. Latel"1 +o8e2er1 /r. C. ,.5s
$resence +as 2er" &reatl" +el$ed t+e $+eno'enaG and t+e ad2ce &2en so
lon& a&o +as t)rned o)t '$ortant n a 8a" 8+c+ 8e co)ld not $ossbl"
+a2e foreseen.
On 'atters not connected 8t+ t+ese $+eno'ena I s+o)ld al8a"s
caref)ll" read 8+at t+e 8rtn& told 'e1 b)t I s+o)ld not &o b" t )nless t
see'ed sensble. It does not al8a"s ad2se et+er 8+at I 8s+ or 8+at I t+n3
8seG b)t &enerall" t s 8ser t+an I.
=. 2edica Advice +as often been &2en b" a control calln& +'self
(e'r)s19 and t+s +as been often s)ccessf)lG 8+c+ s stran&e1 snce I a'
E)te &norant of 'edcne1 and often do not 3no8 t+e na'es et+er of
dseases or of dr)&s 'entoned. Of co)rse I cannot be E)te s)re t+at I +a2e
ne2er read t+e 8ords1 b)t certanl" 8+en I +a2e 8rtten t+e' I +a2e often
not 3no8n 8+at t+e" 'eant.
%t ot+er t'es t+e facts relatn& to t+e llness +a2e been E)te o)tsde '"
3no8led&e. One frend +as &2en an nstance of t+s 3nd L$rnted laterMG b)t
I +a2e not l3ed to as3 ot+ers1 as 8+at (e'r)s sa"s s &enerall" 'eant for
t+e E)estoner alone.
A. Thought,trans$erence.T+e 8rtn& occasonall"1 b)t not often1 tells
'e of t+o)&+ts n t+e 'nds of $ersons $resent. One da" a lad" +anded 'e a
letter1 n a +and8rtn& 8+c+ I dd not 3no8. I +eld t+e letter n one +and1
and t+e ot+er +and 8rote1 Br&+t 'etal and bro8n eart+.9 T+e letter 8as
fro' a &entle'an 8+o' I +ad ne2er seen1 and 8+o co''tted s)cde b"
t+ro8n& +'self on t+e rals n front of a ral8a" en&ne. I t+n3 t+at t+s
'essa&e ca'e fro' t+o)&+tCtransference1 as I do not fnd t+at 'erel"
+oldn& letters n '" +and tells 'e an"t+n& abo)t t+er 8rters )nless so'e
one s t+ere 8+o 3no8s t+e contentG and e2en t+en I so seldo' s)cceed t+at
I do not care to tr" e#$er'ents of t+s 3nd.
LLad" Broo3e (t+e Ranee of (arr8a3)1 8+o 8as $resent at t+e t'e1 +as
+ii,JKG- &2en 'e a 8rtten confr'aton of t+s (E)te recent) ncdent1 for
8+c+ I +a2e not $ressed t+e o8ner of t+e letter1 on acco)nt of t+e $anf)l
nat)re of t+e crc)'stance.
4.6.-./.M
@. Cairvoyance.I so'et'es &et 'essa&es 8+c+ $er+a$s 'a" be
called clar2o"ant1 telln& 'e1 for nstance1 8+ere lost obDects are1 or
8arnn& 'e of so'e dan&er at +and. T+)s abo)t (e$te'ber .>t+1 *AAA Lt+s
ncdent 8as 8rtten do8n October .*st1 *AA@M1 '" sster /. and I +ad D)st
fns+ed dressn& for dnner n t+e dressn&Croo's leadn& fro' a lar&e
bedroo'. T+e 'ad +ad left t+e roo'. /. +ad left +er dressn&Croo'1 and
8as standn& n t+e bedroo'1 8+en s)ddenl" s+e called to 'eJ Get a bt of
$a$erG t+ere are so'e ra$s.9 I ca'e n and too3 an en2elo$e and $encl1 and
at once t+e 8ords ca'e1 b" ra$sJ Loo3 to t+e candle or t+e +o)se 8ll be on
fre.9 6e sa8 t+at t 8as not t+e candle n t+e bedroo'1 so 8e 8ent nto
/.5s dressn&Croo'1 and fo)nd t+at +er candle 8as so close to a cardboard
$oc3et de$endn& fro' t+e loo3n&C&lass t+at t 8o)ld +a2e been on fre n a
'o'ent. It 8as alread" s'o3n&. !o ser2ant 8o)ld +a2e co'e n for so'e
t'e. L/rs. %. confr's as follo8sJ I +eard of t+e ncdent n '" da)&+ter5s
ne#t letter.9M
%&an1 I 8as descendn& a dar3 cor3scre8 starcase at Lon&ford1 n
%)&)st or (e$te'ber *AA@ Lacco)nt 8rtten October *AA@M1 8+en I +eard a
ta$$n& on t+e star. It 8as $ersstent1 and dre8 '" attenton. I loo3ed abo)t
8t+ a candle1 and at last sa8 a &old $enclCcase of Lad" Radnor5s1 8t+
8+c+ I 8as acc)sto'ed to 8rte a)to'atcall"1 l"n& on a dar3 lttle
landn& of t+e star. I dd not 3no8 t+at t+e $encl +ad been lost.
*>. B)t t+e 'ost $)NNln& cases are t+ose 8+ere t+e 'essa&e $rofesses
to be fro' so'e de$arted $erson1 and tells so'e tr)e t+n&s1 b)t $er+a$s
'#es )$ so'e 'sta3es 8t+ t+e'.Y B)t so'et'es I do t+n3 t+at t+e
'essa&e reall" co'es fro' t+e $erson 8+o $rofesses to co'')ncate.
%not+er freE)ent 8rter s a stran&e $erson to +a2e co'e to )s1 as I
3ne8 not+n& abo)t +'1 and s+o)ld not +a2e t+o)&+t t+at 8e +ad an"t+n&
n co''on. T+at s Lord C+ancellor -ard8c3e. -eor 8+ate2er t s t+at
ta3es t+at na'e+as beco'e a sort of fa'l" frend. -e +as a dstnct
c+aracter of +s o8n1 8+c+ s not E)te 8+at I s+o)ld +a2e e#$ected n a
Lord C+ancellor1 for +e s f)ll of Do3es and 2er" bl)ff and o)ts$o3en. -e +as
&2en a n)'ber of facts abo)t +'self1 na'es of frends1 and la8s abo)t
'arra&e t+at +e +ad 'ade.
One reason 8+c+ 'a3es 'e t+n3 t+at t+e 'essa&es co'e fro' o)tsde
'"self s t+e feeln& 8+c+ I +a2e so'et'es of r2alr" or e2en conflct
bet8een t+e'. 6+en I a' 8rtn& t+ere 8ll occasonall" be s)dden
c+an&es1 as f so'e ne8 $ersonalt" +ad been able to &et +old of t+e $encl.
Y
%&an1 f I see f&)res and t+en +a2e 8rtn& 8+c+ $rofesses to co'e
fro' t+ose f&)res1 t see's to 'e nat)ral to s)$$ose t+at t does so co'e.
I 8ll no8 &2e so'e e#a'$les of 'otor 'essa&es1 b" 8rtn& and ra$s1
&2en t+ro)&+ /ss %. -ere1 as n t+e case of /ss %.5s cr"stalC2sons (see
2ol. . '(, C)1 I a' obl&ed to confne '"self 'anl" to cases corroborated
b" t+e fe8 frends 8+o +a2e felt n t+e 'essa&es 'ore t+an a 'erel"
$ersonal nterest. It ')st1 of co)rse1 be re'e'bered1 n D)stce to ot+er
frends (8+o +a2e often carred off 'essa&es 8t+o)t e2en s+o8n& t+e' to
t+e 8rter)1 t+at ')c+ of 8+at +as been t+)s 8rtten +as dealt 8t+ 2er"
$r2ate 'atters.
+ii,JKH-
T+e frst 'essa&e 8+c+ I s+all E)ote s e2dentall" nterestn&1 on
acco)nt of t+e 'ere c+ance b" 8+c+ ts tr)t+ 8as 2erfed. It s+o)ld be
$re'sed t+at /ss %. +as ne2er been to Blan3ne"1 and s not acE)anted
8t+ t+e C+a$ln fa'l".
I. Lad" Radnor 8rtes )nder date 7an)ar" *?t+1 *A@;J
T+e follo8n& case +as al8a"s str)c3 'e as $artc)larl" c)ro)s. %bo)t
e&+t "ears a&o1 8+en /ss %.5s $o8ers +ad onl" E)te recentl" s+o8n
t+e'sel2es1 +er a)to'atc 8rtn& told 'e t+at I +ad t8o guides, Estelle9
and (l2o9s$rts 8+o acco'$aned 'e and too3 an nterest n '"
8elfare. I dd not t+n3 of t+s at frst as a t+n& 8+c+ co)ld be et+er
$ro2ed or ds$ro2ed. B)t one da"1 8+en a E)eston 8as 'ooted as to
8+et+er s$rt &)des9 +ad e2er l2ed on eart+1 I as3ed 8+et+er 'ne +ad
done so1 and 8as told t+at 8stee +ad. I as3ed for +er eart+Cna'eG and as 8e
8ere t+en &ettn& ans8ers b" raps (t+ro)&+ /ss %.5s $o8er) t 8as ra$$ed
o)t Lo2ed 2oces called 'e %nne.9 I as3ed for t+e s)rna'e. C-% 8as
ra$$ed o)t. %s '" 'aden na'e 8as C+a$ln I at once D)'$ed to t+e
concl)son t+at t+at 8as t+e na'e 'eant. B)t t+e ra$s sad decdedl" !o1
and ra$$ed o)t Chambers. I +ad no assocatons 8t+ t+s na'e. I as3ed f
connected 8t+ '" fa'l"W Yes.9 %n" $ortratW Yes.9 %t Blan3ne"W ('"
brot+er5s $lace). Yes.9
!o8 I +ad s$ent ')c+ of '" c+ld+ood at Blan3ne"1 and I +ad been
$artc)larl" fond of one $ct)re t+ere1 re$resentn& a lad" 8+ose na'e I dd
not 3no8. It )sed to +an& n t+e 'ornn& roo'1 and t+en on t+e starcase1
and re$resented a lad" n a red 2el2et &o8n 8t+ a bas3et of c+erres n +er
+and. %s a c+ld I )sed to st and tal3 to t+s $ct)re1 and 'a3e a frend of
t+e lad" 8t+ t+e c+erres.
(o 8+en I +eard t+at t+e $ct)re of '" &)de9 8as at Blan3ne"1 I +o$ed
t '&+t be t+s lad"1 and as3ed1 Is t t+e lad" 8t+ t+e c+erresW9 Yes19
8as ea&erl" ra$$ed o)t. I at once 8rote to '" old n)rse 8+o 8as stll at
Blan3ne"1 and 8+o 3ne8 a &ood deal abo)t t+e $ct)res1 and as3ed +er to
&et t+e $ct)re e#a'ned for an" na'e 8+c+ '&+t be on t. (+e &ot t+e
$ct)re ta3en do8n and caref)ll" e#a'ned1 b)t t+ere 8as no cl)e. (+e told
'e1 +o8e2er1 t+at s+e t+o)&+t s+e +ad +eard a /rs. (.a connecton of t+e
fa'l"1 8+o 3ne8 t+e $ct)res better t+an an" onesa" t+at t+e lad" 8t+
t+e c+erres 8as a /ss Tayor. T+s ds+eartened 'eG b)t I 8rote to a frend
at t+e Colle&e of -eralds to as3 8+et+er t+e na'e C+a'bers occ)rred
an"8+ere n t+e C+a$ln $ed&ree. -e 8rote bac3 t+at t+ere 8as no s)c+
na'e n t+e $ed&ree.
T+e sa'e da" t+at I &ot +s letter I +a$$ened to 'eet /rs. (. (8+o' I
+ad not seen for 'an" "ears) n a s+o$ n London. I 3ne8 t+at s+e +ad once
'ade a catalo&)e (8+c+ I +ad ne2er seen) of t+e Blan3ne" $ct)resG so I
felt t+at +ere 8as '" last c+ance. I as3ed +er f s+e 3ne8 8+o t+e lad" 8t+
t+e c+erres 8as. O+1 t+at s Lad" E#eter19 s+e sad1 8+ose da)&+ter. Lad"
Bett" C+a$ln1 'arred an ancestor of "o)rs.9 ,o "o) 3no8 8+at Lad"
E#eter5s 'aden na'e 8asW9 It 8as /ells+.9 I no8 lost all +o$e1 b)t I D)st
as3edJ -as t+e na'e Chambers an" assocaton for "o)W9 -o8 st)$d I
a'Z9 s+e e#cla'ed1 Lad" E#eter 8as a /ss C+a'bers1 of /ells+Z9 /"
frend at t+e -eralds5 Colle&e t+en loo3ed n t+e 80eter $ed&ree1 and1 s)re
eno)&+1 t+e lad" 8t+ t+e c+erres 8as 'annah Chambers.
-. /. R%,!OR.
I 8as co&nsant of all t+s1 and attest t+e acc)rac" of t+e acco)nt.
R%,!OR.
+ii,JKI-
In a later letter Lad" Radnor addsJ
Personall" I +ad al8a"s bele2ed t+e lad" 8t+ t+e c+erres9 to be so'e
one (na'e )n3no8n) 8+o +ad 'arred a Chapin ancestor. T+ere 8as no
C+a$ln $ed&ree1 and t 8as I 8+o s)&&ested to '" brot+er t+at +e s+o)ld
as3 Yor3 -erald9 (/r. Gatt") to dra8 one )$G and I t+erefore a$$led to
/r. Gatt" as ben& t+e onl" $erson 8+o 8o)ld 3no8 t+e na'es of t+e
fa'les connected b" 'arra&e 8t+ t+e C+a$lns. I 3ne8 t+at t+e &reatC
&rand'ot+er 8as Lad" Bett"19 n;e CeclJ b)t as n t+ose da"s $ed&rees
and fa'l" +stor" dd not nterest 'e1 I had ne2erand )$ to t+e $resent
t'e ne2er haveseen t+e C+a$ln $ed&ree. In an" case t+e na'e
C+a'bers 8o)ld not a$$ear n t.
II. T+e ne#t case s t"$cal of 'an" s'lar trfln& ncdents.
1anuary *?th, *A@;.
I +a2e se2eral t'es +ad reason to t+n3 t+at so'e ntell&ence 8rtn&
t+ro)&+ /ss %. 8as a8are of trfln& crc)'stances +a$$enn& to '"self. %
&ood nstance occ)rred t+e ot+er da". I ca'e bac3 fro' +)ntn& and Doned
n a sUance1 8+ere '" soCcalled &)de9 8as co'')ncatn&. I as3ed1
6ell1 +a2e "o) been 8t+ 'e n '" r)n toda"W9
Yes19 8as t+e ans8er19 b)t "o) s+o)ld +a2e &one )$ t+e +ll nstead of
do8n.9 6as !anc" r&+t1 t+enW9 Yes.9 !o81 n $ont of fact 8e +ad
c+an&ed fo#es t+at da" b" &on& do8n a +ll nstead of )$1 one +o)nd alone1
!anc"1 r)nnn& )$ +ll on 8+at 8as do)btless t+e or&nal scent.
R%,!OR.
1anuary *Bth, *A@;.
III. T+e follo8n& 8rtn& 8as &2en at Lon&ford1 4ebr)ar" .=t+1 *A@>1
a2o8edl" b" Estelle9J
Yo) as3 'e 8+o' I see n t+s +abtaton. I see so 'an" s+ades and
se2eral s$rts. I see also a &ood 'an" reflectons. Can "o) tell 'e f t+ere
8as a c+ld ded )$starsW 6as t+ere an nfant 8+o ded rat+er s)ddenl"W
L6+"WM Beca)se I contn)all" see t+e s+ado8 of an nfant )$stars1 near to
t+e roo' 8+ere "o) dress. L% shado#WM Yes1 t s onl" a s+ado8. L6+at do
"o) 'eanWM % s+ado8 s 8+en an" one t+n3s so contn)all" of a $erson
t+at t+e" '$rnt t+er s+ado8 or 'e'or" on t+e s)rro)ndn& at'os$+ere.
In fact t+e" 'a3e a for'G and I '"self a' nclned to t+n3 t+at soCcalled
&+osts1 of t+ose 8+o +a2e been ')rdered1 or 8+o +a2e ded s)ddenl"1 are
'ore often s+ado8s t+an eart+bo)nd s$rtsG for t+e reason t+at t+e" are e2er
n t+e t+o)&+ts of t+e ')rderer1 and so +e creates1 as t 8ere1 t+er s+ado8
or 'a&eG for t 8o)ld be sad f t+e $oor so)ls s)ffered1 ben& 3lled t+ro)&+
no fa)lt of t+er o8n1t+at t+e" s+o)ld be eart+bo)ndG t+o)&+1 re'e'ber1
t+e" 2er" often are eart+bo)nd too.9
6t+ reference to t+e abo2e co'')ncaton I 'a" sa" t+at an nfant
brot+er of 'ne ded of con2)lsons n a n)rser" 8+c+ t+en occ)$ed t+e
$art of t+e +o)se 8+ere t+e f&)re of t+e bab" 8as sad to +a2e a$$eared. I
do not see an" 8a" n 8+c+ /ss %. co)ld +a2e 3no8n et+er of t+e deat+
of '" nfant brot+er or of t+e fact t+at t+at $art of t+e +o)se +ad $re2o)sl"
been a n)rser".
R%,!OR.
+ii,JKJ-
VII. T+e follo8n& state'ent s fro' t+e Ranee of (arr8a3J
1anuary, *A@;.
In (e$te'ber *A@. '" 'ad1 8+o 8as not 3no8n to /ss %.1
co'$laned of $ersstent $an n t+e nec3 and ar'. (+e told 'e after8ards
t+at s+e +ad been afrad of $aral"ss. I as3ed /ss %. to let (e'r)s9 8rte
8+at 8as t+e 'atter 8t+ +er. T+e 'ad ca'e nto t+e roo'. !o one sad a
8ord as to +er s"'$to's1 b)t /ss %.5s +and at once 8rote n (e'r)s59
+and8rtn&J It s not $aral"ss1 as "o) fearG t s r+e)'ats'G "o)r bed
o)&+t to be 'o2ed fro' t+e 8ndo819 or 8ords to t+at effect. I 8ent nto
t+e 'ad5s roo'1 8+c+ t so +a$$ened t+at I +ad ne2er seen1 as t 8as n a
+o)se 8+c+ I +ad onl" rented for a s+ort t'e1 and I fo)nd n fact t+at t+e
bed 8as e#$osed to a se2ere dra)&+t. It 8as $laced a&anst t+e 8ndo8. I
+ad t 'o2ed1 and t+e r+e)'atc $an dsa$$eared.
/%RG%RET BROORE.
L(ee anot+er case connected 8t+ (e'r)s9 and re$orted b" (r
La8rence 7ones1 8+c+ I &2e at t+e end of t+s %$$end#.M
VIII. I &2e +ere an ncdent of 8+c+ I 8as '"self 8tness1 and 8+c+
see's to 'e t"$cal of a class of co'')ncatons of 8+c+ I +a2e alread"
sad so'et+n&18+ere nfor'aton )n3no8n to t+e a)to'atst s &2en1 on
t+e soi,disant a)t+ort" of so'e de$arted s$rtG b)t "et t+s nfor'aton1 so
far as tr)e1 s 3no8n to so'e $erson $resent1 and 8+en an"t+n& 8+c+ &oes
be"ond t+e 3no8led&e of $ersons $resent s as3ed for1 t+e ans8er &oes off
nto 'ere &)essn& and 2a&)eness. !ote also t+e fact t+at t+ese 'essa&es
8ere &2en b" a dstnct ra$$n& so)nd n t+e table. T+s $+eno'enon s
often s$o3en of n s$rtst Do)rnals as a 2er" co''on one. 4or '"self I 'a"
sa" t+at +a2n& sat at tables 'an" +)ndred t'es1 n readness to 8elco'e
ra$s f t+e" a$$eared1 I +a2e freE)entl" +eard ra$s n t+e $resence of $ad
'ed)'s1 and I +a2e freE)entl" +eard crea3s of t+e table n t+e $resence of
'" o8n frendsG b)t onl" n t+e $resence of so'e fo)r or f2e nonC
$rofessonal and tr)st8ort+" $ersons +a2e I +eard )n'sta3able ra$s1
ans8ern& E)estons1 and $rod)cn& )$on '" 'nd t+e con2cton t+at no
3no8n a&enc" 8as concerned n $rod)cn& t+e'.
On t+s occason t+e 'essa&es &2en 8ere $r2ate eno)&+ to need an
alteraton n t+e ntals of t+e frends $resent. Besdes /ss %.1 a sster1 and
'"self1 t+ere sat at t+e table Lad" B. and t+e -on. C. ,. % C+rstan na'e
8as clearl" ra$$ed o)t1 8+c+ 8as reco&nsed b" /r. C. ,. as t+at of +s
'ot+er1 not consco)sl" 3no8n to an" of t+e rest of )s. (nce1 +o8e2er1 t+e
na'e 8as n t+e Peera&e1 t 8as of lttle e2dental 2al)e. % 'essa&e t+en
ca'e as to /r. C. ,.5s efforts on be+alf of a frend1 for 8+o' +e 8as t+en
tr"n& to &et a $ost. 6+at 3nd of e'$lo"'ent s+all I &et for +'W9
Island.9 6+at slandW9 7erse".9 Can "o) 'enton an" one 8+o 8ll +el$
n t+sW9 Lan&9 8as ra$$ed o)t1 and t+en ca'e 'an" conf)sed ra$s and t+e
'essa&e ceased.
!o8 /r. ,. 8as n realt" tr"n& $r2atel" to &et a $ost n 7erse" for +s
frend1abo)t 8+o' none of )s 3ne8 an"t+n&. -o8 eas"1 t+erefore1 t
8o)ld be to re$ort t+s sttn& as follo8sJ /r. ,.5s 'ot+er anno)nced
+erself b" ra$s1 and &a2e ad2ce on a $r2ate 'atter.9
B)t no8 co'$are t+e classcal case1 f I 'a" so ter' t1 of /r. and /rs.
!e8n+a' ()+9 A)1 and consder +o8 t+ese re$les '&+t be e#$laned on
+ii,JKK- t+e t+eor" of 'ere t+o)&+tCtransference bet8een l2n& $ersons. In
/r. !e8n+a'5s case 8e fo)nd t+at t+e a)to'atc 8rtn& &ot at t+e
E)estoner5s deas &rad)all" and '$erfectl"1 and flled )$ &a$s b" rando'
ans8ers 'ade to loo3 as nterestn& as $ossble. (o +ere1 n '" 2e81 so'e
ntell&ence not necessarl" ot+er t+an so'e $art of /ss %.5s s)bl'nal self
readl" dscerns n /r. ,.5s 'nd an dea so fr'l" f#ed as +s 'ot+er5s
na'e1 and ta3es t+at as an nterestn& so)rce to 8+c+ to ascrbe t+e re$les.
It ne#t &ets easl" at t+e dea of +el$n& t+e frendG b)t t+e defnte na'e
1ersey s +arder to co'e at1 and s $receded b" isand, a re$l" 8+c+ co)ld
+ardl" +a2e been &2en sa2e b" so'e one &ro$n& for t+e clearer noton.
T+en 8+en t+e na'e of so'e +el$f)l resdent n 7erse" s as3ed for/r. ,.
+'self no8 not 3no8n& an" s)c+ na'ean atte'$t s 'ade to ra$ o)t t+e
na'e 8+c+ s n 'ost 'nds t+e frst 8+c+ t+e dea of 7erse" 8o)ld call
)$. (enseless as t+s &)ess 8as (for /r. ,. certanl" dd not e#$ect /rs.
Lan&tr" to fnd $osts for +s frends)1 t 8as E)te analo&o)s to t+e rando'1
drea'l3e assocatons and $la"s )$on 8ords 8+c+ are c+aracterstc of
s)bl'nal 'essa&es of all 3nds.
T+e ne#t E)eston1 a&an1 rece2ed an ans8er 8+c+ '&+t +a2e been
credted to clar2o"ance. /r. C. ,. +anded /ss %. a rn& (not t+at I see
reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e rn& 'ade an" dfference) and s'$l" sad1 Tell
'e abo)t '" frend no8 at a +otel n Pars1 8t+ 8+o' t+s rn& s
connected.9 I''edatel" ra$s s$elt o)t t+e sentence1 Case for o$eraton.9
% fe8 detals of t+e dsease 8ere t+en &2en1 8+c+ corres$onded 8t+ 8+at
/r. C. ,. 3ne81 and 8+c+1 8+ere t+e" 8ent be"ond +s 3no8led&e1
ad'tted of no $roof.
I can +ardl" '"self do)bt t+at t+s 3no8led&e also ca'e fro' /r. C.
,.5s 'nd1 and not (as s )s)all" $rofessed n s)c+ cases) fro' act)al
ns$ecton of t+e $atent.
It 'a"1 of co)rse1 be as3ed 8+" e#$er'ents l3e t+s1 8+c+1 e2en f
t+e" $ro2e not+n& 'ore t+an t+o)&+tCtransference1 do at least see' to
$ro2e that so defntel"1 are not constantl" re$eated. T+e ans8er s t+at t+ere
are 2er" fe8 $ersons 8t+ 8+o' t+e" can be re$eatedG and t+at /r. C. ,.5s
$ersonalt" 8as n t+s case $robabl" as essental as /ss %.5s. /r. ,.1
t+o)&+ +e cannot b" +'self obtan ra$s1 +as 'ar3ed $o8er of a $s"c+cal
3nd1 and s n fact t+e &entle'an to 8+o' /ss %. +as abo2e all)ded as
+a2n& been de'anded b" +er &)des before s+e or +er fa'l" 3ne8
an"t+n& of +' be"ond offcal 'entons of +s na'e n t+e $a$ers. I can
'"self 2o)c+ for t+e rec)rrn& scra8ls1 Brn& C. ,.9Brn& C. ,.9
8+c+ $)NNled t+e %. fa'l" so'e s# "ears a&o1 8+en t+e" certanl" 8ere
not a8are of /r. ,.5s &ft (t+en 2er" sl&+tl" de2elo$ed)1 and 8+en t +ad
not consco)sl" occ)rred to '"self t+at &ood '&+t res)lt fro' t+e
collocaton of t+e t8o so)rces of $o8er.
I0. T+e ne#t case 8+c+ I s+all &2e s a c)ro)s one1 as n2ol2n& (*)
ra$s1 (.) a cr"stalC2son1 (;) an a$$arton seen b" t8o $ersons1 2N. /ss %.
+erself and /r. -arr" de 6ndt (brot+er of t+e Ranee)1 8ell 3no8n as a
tra2eller n R)ssa. :nfort)natel" no notes 8ere ta3en1 b)t I +eard of t+e
ncdent a fe8 8ee3s after8ards fro' Lad" Broo3e (t+e Ranee)1 /r. C. ,.1
/rs. %.1 and /ss %. (all $resent at t+e t'e)1 and a letter fro' /r. de
6ndt confr's t8o of t+e 'an $onts.
In (e$te'ber *A@.1 on t+e occason of t+e frst 'eetn& of /r. de 6ndt
+ii,JKL- and /ss %.1 t+e latter 8rote t+e 8ord ,os+o8aln3s3"1 8+c+ at
frst 8as t+o)&+t to be a sentence1 b)t t)rned o)t to be a na'e 8ell 3no8n
to /r. de 6ndt.
On t+e sa'e da" a face a$$eared near /r. C. ,. 8+c+ 8as clearl" seen
b" /ss %. and /r. de 6ndt1 and reco&nsed b" t+e latter1 as stated n a
letter to 'e1 dated October ?t+1 *A@.J I can onl" tell "o) t+at I dstnctl"
sa8 t+e face of an e#le I a' acE)anted 8t+1 one ,o'bro8s31 8+o s (or
8as) located at To's31 n 6estern (bera. % 'essa&e 8as also sent 'e9
Lfro' a R)ssan so)rceG b)t /r. de 6ndt e#$lans t+e ne#$edence of
$rntn& f)rt+er $artc)lars of t+sM.
/ss %.1 on ben& after8ards s+o8n a $+oto&ra$+ of ,o'bro8s3 (not1
+o8e2er1 '#ed 8t+ ot+er $+oto&ra$+s1 as t s+o)ld +a2e been)1 reco&nsed
t1 b)t sad t+at t+e face as seen b" +er loo3ed older and 'ore 8ornG n
8+c+ /r. de 6ndt conc)rred. It s not 3no8n 8+et+er ,o'bro8s3 s
dead or al2e.
On t+e sa'e da" /ss %.1 loo3n& n t+e cr"stal1 sa8 a s'all 'an 8t+
br&+t red +ar and red face1 a b& stc31 a lon& $ettcoat1 and a f)r ca$1
8al3n& n front of a lttle +)t. /r. de 6ndt reco&nsed t+s f&)re as
rese'bln& a +llC'an set to 8atc+ an solated $rsoner. T+ese st)nted +llC
'en d"e t+er +ar 8t+ red cla".
% fe8 da"s later ((e$te'ber *?t+1 *A@.) a 'essa&e 8as &2en b" ra$s to
Lad" Broo3e (t+e Ranee)J Tell "o)r brot+er (/r. de 6ndt) t+at (+s3ne s
t+e 'an to +el$ +'.9 !et+er /ss %. nor /r. de 6ndt +ad e2er
consco)sl" +eard of (+s3ne1 b)t n t+e (t. 1amesQs :a3ette of (e$te'ber
.<t+ t+e" obser2ed t+at /. (+s3ne +ad rece2ed a certan +&+
a$$ont'ent1 8+c+ e#$laned t+e 'essa&e. -s a$$ont'ent +ad also been
'entoned n t+e Times of %)&)st ;*st. It s1 of co)rse1 $ossble t+at
s)bl'nal 'e'or" 'a" e#ternalse tself b" ra$s1 as b" ot+er 'eans.
0. %'on& t+e +abt)al controls19 Lord C+ancellor -ard8c3e9 s
al'ost t+e onl" one of s)ffcent +storcal 'ar3 to ad't of o)r testn& t+e
tr)t+ of +s state'ents. -e &a2e a lst of t+e s)rna'es of s#teen of +s
frends.Y /ost of t+e na'es (t+o)&+ not all) a$$ear n -arrs5s Lfe of
Lord -ard8c3e9 b)t n se2eral cases t+ere are reasons1 not a$$arent n t+e
Lfe1 8+c+ 'a3e t $robable t+at t+ere 8as 'ore nt'ac" t+an t+e
ncdental 'enton n t+e Lfe 8o)ld '$l". T+e case rese'bles t+e
bo&ra$+es of ')scans 8rtten a)to'atcall" b" /r. (tanton /oses (see
9+*). T+e tone of bostero)s +)'o)r 8+c+ r)ns t+ro)&+ t+ese 'essa&es s
)nl3e /ss %.1 b)t t ')st be re'e'bered t+at n t+e obDect2aton of
t"$es9 so often obtaned b" +"$notc s)&&eston1 a $art E)te alen to t+e
+"$notsed s)bDect5s c+aracter s often s)r$rsn&l" 8ell 'antaned.
In a 'ore recent case connected 8t+ t+e control 3no8n as (e'r)s19
t+ro)&+ 8+o' 'edcal ad2ce +as often been con2e"ed to /ss %.1 a bo"5s
career 8as sa2ed b" t+e ad2ce t+)s &2en. T+e doc)'ents relatn& to t+s
case 8ere s+o8n to 'e b" (r La8rence 7ones1 8+o 8as $ersonall"
acE)anted 8t+ all t+e crc)'stances.
T+e bo" 8as at sc+ool1 $re$arn& for a $rofesson 8+c+ n2ol2ed a
se2ere 'edcal e#a'naton. In /a"1 *@>>1 abo)t a "ear before t+e
e#a'naton1 a sero)s $+"scal defect 8as dsco2ered1 and a 8ellC3no8n
'edcal a)t+ort" ad2sed t+at t+e defect co)ld not be s)ffcentl" +ii,JKM-
re'eded to enable t+e bo" to $ass. %rran&e'ents +ad act)all" been 'ade
for c+an&n& +s career 8+en t 8as s)&&ested t+at +s $arents1 8+o 8ere
t+en abroad1 s+o)ld cons)lt (e'r)s.9 T+e" 8rote to /ss %.1 8t+ 8+o'
t+e" 8ere sl&+tl" acE)anted1 b)t 8+o +ad ne2er seen t+e bo"1 and be&&ed
+er to as3 (e'r)s9 to &o to t+e sc+ooldstant abo)t t+rt" 'les fro'
8+ere s+e 8as l2n&loo3 at t+e affected l'b1 and &2e an o$non on t+e
case. (e'r)s9 nssted t+at so'e reall" &ood s)r&eon co)ld set t r&+t.9
% s$ecalst 8as t+en cons)lted1 and a delcate o$eraton 8as s)ccessf)ll"
$erfor'ed. T+e bo" +as snce $assed +s e#a'naton 8t+o)t an" dffc)lt".
)'( A . T+e follo8n& s anot+er case of $lanc+etteC8rtn&
co'')ncated b" /r. -ensle&+ 6ed&8ood1 t+e o$erators ben& +'self
and /rs. R. T+e acco)nt s E)oted fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;*@
(November, *A@>).
80tract $rom 2rs. 7Qs 1ourna.
October *>t+1 L*A@>1M 4rda"1 at 1 /r. 6ed&8ood and I sttn&. T+e
board 'o2ed after a s+ort $a)se and one $rel'nar" crcln&.
,a2d,a2d,a2ddead *<; "ears.9
T+e b)tler at t+s 'o'ent anno)nced l)nc+1 and /r. 6ed&8ood sad to
t+e s$rt1 6ll "o) &o on for )s after8ards1 as 8e ')st brea3 off no8W9
I 8ll tr".9
,)rn& l)nc+ /r. 6ed&8ood 8as rec3onn& )$ t+e date ndcated as
*=<=1 and conDect)rn& t+at t+e control 8as $er+a$s ,a2d -)'e1 8+o +e
t+o)&+t +ad ded abo)t t+en. On o)r be&nnn& a&an to st1 t+e follo8n&
8as 2ol)nteeredJ
I a' not -)'e. I +a2e co'e 8t+ L/rs. V.1 /rs R.5s ssterM. I 8as
attracted to +er d)rn& +er lfe n %'erca. /" 8or3 8as n t+at land1 and
'" eart+l" tol 8as c)t s+ort earl"1 as +ers +as been. I ded at t+rt" "ears
old. I toled f2e "ears1 carr"n& for8ard t+e la'$ of God5s tr)t+ as I 3ne8
t.9
/r. 6ed&8ood re'ar3ed t+at +e ')st +a2e been a 'ssonar".
Yes, n ()sE)e+anna+ and ot+er $laces.9
Can "o) &2e an" na'e besdes ,a2dW9
,a2d Bra,a2d Bra,a2d Bran,a2d Brane,a2d Bran.9
/r. 6.J ,o "o) 'ean t+at "o)r na'e s BraneW9
Ver" nearl" r&+t9
/r. 6.J Tr" a&an.9
,a2d Brane. !ot E)te all t+e na'eG r&+t so far as t &oesYI 8as
born n *=*=.9
/r. 6.J 6ere "o) a nat2e of %'ercaW9
(Ille&ble) /" nat2e land. T+e Indans 3ne8 'an" t+n&s. T+e" +eard
'e1 and '" 8or3 $ros$ered. In so'e t+n&s t+e" 8ere 8se.9
/r. 6.J %re "o) an %'ercanW9
%'erca I +old to be '" co)ntr" as 8e consder t+n&s. I 8or3ed at
9 (sentence ends 8t+ a lne of ,.5s).
-ere /r. 6ed&8ood felt tred1 and /ss -)&+es $ro$osed t+at s+e and I
s+o)ld &o for a 8al3 8+le +e rested. 6+en 8e ca'e n /r. 6ed&8ood sad
+e t+o)&+t t +ad co'e nto +s +ead 8+o o)r control 8as. -e +ad so'e
recollecton t+at n t+e e&+teent+ cent)r" a 'an na'ed ,a2d Branard 8as
+ii,JKN- 'ssonar" to t+e !ort+ %'ercan Indans. 6e sat a&an1 and t+e
follo8n& 8as 8rttenJ
I a' &lad "o) 3no8 'e. I +ad not $o8er to co'$lete na'e or &2e
'ore detals. I 3ne8 t+at secret of t+e dstrct. It 8as &)arded b" t+e Indans1
and 8as 'ade 3no8n to t8o nde$endent crcles. !et+er of t+e'
s)cceeded1 b)t t+e da" 8ll co'e t+at 8ll )nco2er t+e &old.9
It 8as s)&&ested t+at t+s 'eant -ea2enl" tr)t+.
I s$o3e of eart+l" &old.9
/r. 6ed&8ood sad t+e 8rtn& 8as so fant +e t+o)&+t $o8er 8as
faln&.
Yes1 nearl" &one. I 8rote d)rn& '" f2e "ears of 8or3. It 3e$t '"
+eart al2e.9
/r. 6ed&8ood 8rtesJ
I co)ld not t+n3 at frst 8+ere I +ad e2er +eard of Branard1 b)t I learn
fro' '" da)&+ter n London t+at '" ssterCnCla81 8+o l2ed 8t+ 'e fort"
or fft" "ears a&o1 8as a &reat ad'rer of Branard1 and see'ed to +a2e an
acco)nt of +s lfe1 b)t I a' E)te certan t+at I ne2er o$ened t+e boo3 and
3ne8 not+n& of t+e dates1 8+c+ are all correct1 as 8ell as +s +a2n& been a
'ssonar" to t+e ()sE)e+anna+s.
In anot+er letter /r. 6ed&8ood 8rtesJ
I see t+e na'e s Branerd1 not ard1 as I +ad s)$$osed1 and t+s re'o2es
a dffc)lt" n t+e 8rtn&. Planc+ette +ad 8rtten Brane1 and sad t+at 8as
r&+t as far as t 8ent1 8+c+ t 8o)ld not +a2e been f t+e na'e +ad been
Branard. /" da)&+ter +as sent 'e e#tracts fro' +s lfe1 statn& t+at +e 8as
born n *=*A1 and not *=*= as $lanc+ette 8rote. B)t /rs. R.5s )iographica
*ictionary sa"s t+at +e ded n *=<=1 a&ed ;>.
/rs. R1 8rtes t+at s+e +ad no 3no8led&e 8+ate2er of ,a2d Branerd
before t+s.
E#tract fro' )iographica *ictionary sent b" /r. 6ed&8oodJ
Branerd1 ,a2d. % celebrated %'ercan 'ssonar"1 8+o s&nalsed
+'self b" +s s)ccessf)l endea2o)rs to con2ert t+e Indans on t+e
()sE)e+anna1 ,ela8are1 &c. ,ed1 a&ed ;>1 *=<=.
It s $er+a$s note8ort+" n connecton 8t+ t+e last sentence of t+e
$lanc+etteC8rtn& t+at n t+e lfe of Branerd b" 7onat+an Ed8ards e#tracts
&2en fro' +s Do)rnal s+o8 t+at +e 8rote a &ood deal1 e.g. 4eb. ;1 *=<<.
Co)ld not b)t 8rte as 8ell as 'edtate19 &c. 4eb. *?1 *=<?. 6as en&a&ed
n 8rtn& al'ost all t+e da".9 -e n2arabl" s$ea3s of co'fort n
connecton 8t+ 8rtn&.
)'+ A . E#$er'ents b" Professor RossCPa&non. I &2e e#tracts fro'
t+e re$ort on t+ese e#$er'ents b" /r. -. Babn&ton ('t+1 C.(.I.1a
'e'ber of t+e Co)ncl of t+e (.P.R.$)bls+ed n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $$. ?<@KB?.
Professor RossCPa&non s ,rector of t+e Gnnaso or P)blc (c+ool at
Pesaro1 a s'all to8n on t+e east coast of Ital"1 a lttle to t+e nort+ +ii,JKO-
of %ncona. In t+e "ear *A=* +e 8as led to ta3e an nterest n ($rt)als'1
and be&an dal" to $ractse a)to'atc 8rtn& )nder t+e ad2ce and drecton
of a frend 8+o +ad freE)entl" obtaned co'')ncatons fro' s$rts1 as +e
bele2ed1 b" t+at 'eans. -e +eld a lead $encl n +s +and1 allo8n& ts $ont
to rest on a s+eet of $a$er1 b)t not to)c+n& t+e table 8t+ +s ar'1 and
8ated for res)lts. 4or t+e frst fort"Ct+ree da"s t+e 'o2e'ents of t+e $encl
8ere nco+erent and )nntell&ble. On t+e fort"Cfo)rt+ a na'e 8as 8rttenG
and fro' t+at t'e on8ards t+e faclt" and dstnctness of t+e 8rtn&
ncreased1 and co'')ncatons of consderable len&t+ 8ere often obtaned.
T+ese e#$er'ents1 and also e#$er'ents n tableCra$$n&1 8+c+ +ad
been tred b" Professor Ross and a s'all crcle of frends1 8ere
dscontn)ed n t+e "ear *A==1 o8n& to t+e ncreased cla's of sc+olastc
d)tes )$on t+e Professor5s t'e. In *AAB +e fo)nd les)re to res)'e t+e'
and 8as t+en Doned b" ,r. /oron1 /)nc$al doctor at Pesaro1 8+o
bro)&+t to t+e sttn&s a +"$notc s)bDect of +s1 na'ed Isabella CarNett.
T+e sttn&s &rad)all" de2elo$ed nto s$rt)alstc seances1 8t+ CarNett n
t+e +"$notc state as s$ea3n& 'ed)'1 $)r$ortn& to be controlled b" t+e
s$rts of deceased $ersons. /r. ('t+1 +o8e2er1 after e#a'nn& t+e
e2dence1 concl)ded t+at t+e 'ed)' s+o8ed no $roof of an" s)$ernor'al
$o8ers.
In t+e "ear *A== Professor Ross $)bls+ed a $a'$+let enttled1 (ntorno
ai 9enomeni Spiritici, .ettera aQ <norando Signor Conte Teren3io
2amiani. T+s contans1 besdes ot+er 'atter1 re$orts of t+e 'ore str3n&
res)lts obtaned n t+e earler seres of e#$er'ents1 8+c+ 8ere concerned
c+efl" 8t+ a)to'atc 8rtn&.
In !o2e'ber1 *AAA1 /r. ('t+ $ad a s+ort 2st to Pesaro and +ad t+e
o$$ort)nt" of seen& and 'a3n& e#tracts fro' t+e records of t+e sttn&s
and ot+er doc)'ents. %'on& t+ese 8ere t+e or&nal a)to'atc
'an)scr$ts1 8+c+ +a2e been $reser2ed fro' t+e be&nnn&.
T+e follo8n& are so'e of t+e cases of a)to'atc 8rtn&J
In %$rl *A=. a frend as3ed Ross to e2o3e t+e s$rt of a relaton1
for'erl" l2n& near /odena1 8+o +ad been dead abo)t t8o "ears. I +ad
ne2er 3no8n +er19 sa"s Ross1 and '" frend told 'e 8+at I 8as to as3 +er
on +s acco)nt I dd as I 8as as3ed1 and after t+e ans8er 8as obtaned1 to
'" &reat astons+'ent (for a s'lar t+n& +ad ne2er +a$$ened before) I felt
'" +and '$elled to dra81 one after t+e ot+er1 t8o flo8ers1 8t+ t+er lttle
lea2es. %fter t+s addio 8as 8rtten1 and t+e 'o2e'ent ceased. T+e
follo8n& da" I too3 t+e ans8er to '" frend and told +' of t+e c)ro)s
dra8n&s. H,o not be s)r$rsed1I sad +e. HRno8 t+at s+e 8as 2er" fond of
dra8n&1 and also e2er" t'e t+at s+e 8rtes b" '" +and1 s+e 'a3es 'e
dra8 so'et+n&.I9
T+s acco)nt s confr'ed b" a doc)'ent dated ,ece'ber .At+1 *AAA1
and s&ned b" Cesare Perse&)t1 barrster1 8+o states t+at +e s t+e frend
'entoned b" Ross1 and t+at t+e acco)nt of t+e ncdent s $erfectl" tr)e n
all $artc)lars.
+ii,JLP-
6t+ re&ard to t+e c+aracter of t+e 8rtn& $rod)ced1 Ross sa"s (.etter
to 2amiani, $. *;;)J
It s not necessar" for 'e to sa" t+at '" ordnar" +and8rtn& s )&l"
and al8a"s of one $attern. !e2ert+eless1 8+en 8rtn& as a 'ed)'1 I +a2e
+ad 2er" 2aro)s for's of cal&ra$+" accordn& as 2aro)s ben&s 'ade
co'')ncaton. 6+en t+ese ben&s $resented t+e'sel2es a&an1 often
)ne#$ectedl" and after a lon& nter2al1 t+e" re$rod)ced t+er for'er
+and8rtn&. /oreo2er1 n t+at )nco'fortable $oston of +and and ar' I
+a2e +ad cal&ra$+c for's so $erfect t+at I co)ld not re$rod)ce t+e' 8+en
8rtn& at ease.
T+s state'ent b" tself s too 2a&)e to be of ')c+ 2al)e as e2denceG
b)t t+e follo8n& doc)'ents confr' t1 and &2e 'ore $recse nfor'aton
as to t+e $ersons 8+ose 8rtn& 8as re$rod)ced1 and as to t+e de&ree of
l3eness obtanedJ
PE(%RO1 1anuary *st, *AA@.
I +a2e a l2el" recollecton of +a2n& co'e so'et'es to "o)r +o)se n
*A=;1 to ta3e $art n s$rt)alstc e#$er'ents 8t+ t+e table and 8t+
8rtn&. One e2enn&1 after so'e e#$er'ents 8t+ t+e table1 I as3ed "o) to
s)''on '" dear 8rtn&C'aster1 L)& Br)nett1 to 8rte. -e +ad at t+at
t'e been dead for so'e "ears.Y Yo) set "o)rself to tr" t+e e#$er'ent1 t+e
$encl restn& 2ertcall" )$on t+e $a$er1 and "o)r 8rst and elbo8 rased.
6+en t+e 'oton of t+e +and1 8+c+ "o) ass)red )s 8as s$ontaneo)s1
be&an1 t+ere a$$eared1 after t+e s&nat)re of Br)nett1 so'e lnes of 8rtn&
of 2aro)s sNes. T+e frst 8as e#tre'el" s'allso t+at a 'a&nf"n& &lass
8as necessar" to read t and to see ts &reat $recson. T+e follo8n& lnes
8ere of 'ddle sNe1 and t+e last lar&e. T+s1 I recollect1 8as a bea)tf)l
2erse. I re'e'ber t+at I ''edatel" bore 8tness to t+ose $resentn
accordance 8t+ t+e tr)t+t+at1 s$ecall" n t+e lar&er c+aracter1 t+e 'anner
of 8rtn& and t+e +and of '" dear 'aster 8ere clearl" to be seen.
(o ')c+ for t+e tr)t+1 8+c+ no81 also1 I 8lln&l" confr'.
((&ned) CLETO /%(I!I1
Professor of 6rtn& and Boo3C3ee$n& at t+e Ro"al
Tec+ncal (c+ool of Pesaro.
6+en /r. ('t+ 8as at Pesaro +e sa8 t+e or&nal /(. +ere referred to1
and states t+at t+e 8rtn& 8as $rett" and re&)lar1 and entrel" dfferent fro'
Professor Ross5s )s)al +and.
PE(%RO1 1anuary .nd, *AA@.
I co'$l" 8t+ "o)r 8s+ and 8lln&l" declare1 as I +a2e a l2el"
recollecton of t+e fact1 t+at to8ards t+e end of *A=; I +ad occason to &o to
"o)r +o)se.Y Yo) s+o8ed 'e certan co'')ncatons1 8rtten n $encl1
8+c+ "o) sad "o) +ad rece2ed fro' t+e s$rt of t+e la'ented (&nor
%lessandro Patern1 )ncle of '" 8fe. I sad t+at t+e 8rtn& of t+e na'e and
s)rna'e see'ed to 'e 2er" l3e t+e real s&nat)re of '" deceased
connecton. Yo) asserted t+at "o) +ad ne2er seen +s s&nat)re1 and1 n fact1
t 8as 2er" $robable t+at t 8as entrel" )n3no8n to "o).
PIETRO BO!I!I1 Ca$tan.
+ii,JLG-
In t+e follo8n& case a 'essa&e1 a$$arentl" tele$at+c1 8as rece2ed b"
'eans of ra$s and a)to'atc 8rtn&.
(.etter to 2amiani, $. *<;)J
On !o2e'ber .*st1 *A=;1 abo)t +alfC$ast ten n t+e e2enn&1 Ross 8as
n +s st)d". -e +ad been correctn& $roofs for 'ore t+an an +o)r1 and 8as
tred and rat+er cold. In conseE)ence +e ntended1 8+en +s 8or3 8as
fns+ed1 not to &o to t+e ca$;, as 8as t+en +s c)sto' al'ost e2er" e2enn&
abo)t ele2en1 b)t to 8ar' +'self a lttle 8t+ a 8al3 t+ro)&+ t+e streets. -e
t+en $erce2ed t8o sl&+t b)t 2er" dstnct ra$s close to +' on a sde door
o$enn& nto an nner roo' n 8+c+ t+ere 8as no one. -e $ad no attenton
to t+ese1 tr"n& to $ers)ade +'self t+at t+e" 8ere d)e to nat)ral ca)ses.
-alfCanC+o)r after8ards +e +ad fns+ed +s 8or3 and 8as &on& o)tG b)t at
t+e 'o'ent 8+en +e +ad +s +and )$on t+e door of +s roo's1 to s+)t t
after +'1 +e +eard a lo)d 3noc3 )$on t as f &2en 8t+ t+e fst. -e +ad no
do)bt t+at t+s 8as s$rt)alstc n c+aracter1 and ret)rnn& at once to +s
roo'1 sat do8n to 8rte. -e f)ll" e#$ected to rece2e a 8arnn& a&anst
&on& o)t t+at e2enn& for fear of so'e dan&ero)s enco)nter. Instead1
+o8e2er1 of an" s)c+ 8arnn& t+e follo8n& 'essa&e a$$earedJ /" sncere
frends+$ leads 'e to 8arn "o) t+at "o) are desred b" (.
*
(i.e. (tanslao
Cecc+)J &o1 t+erefore1 to see +'.9 T+s 'essa&e 8as s&ned 8t+ t+e na'e
of a dead $erson n 8+ose na'e 'essa&es +ad been obtaned on ot+er
occasons. Ross consdered t e#tre'el" '$robable t+at Cecc+ (an
acE)antance 8t+ 8+o' +e 8as not t+en nt'ate) 8o)ld 8s+ to see +'G
b)t 8ent at once to t+e ca$; 8+ere +e 8as &enerall" to be fo)nd at t+at +o)r.
%s +e a$$roac+ed1 +e sa8 (tanslao and so'e frends co'n& o)t of t+e
ca$;. -e +ad no sooner seen 'e19 contn)es Ross1 t+an +e ca'e to 'eet
'e1 and sad +e +ad need of a certan fa2o)r fro' 'e. Rno8n& fro' so'e
con2ersatons 8+c+ I +ad +ad 8t+ +' t+at +e 8as a dsbele2er (n
($rt)als')1 I ca)&+t at t+e o$$ort)nt" and ans8ered t+at I 8o)ld
8lln&l" do +' t+e ser2ce1 on condton t+at +e 8o)ld at once acco'$an"
'e to '" +o)se.Y 6e 8ent to '" +o)se to&et+er1 8e entered nto t+e roo'
to&et+er1 and I s+o8ed +' on '" table t+e 'essa&e 8+c+ +ad ca)sed 'e
to &o n searc+ of +'.Y -e s)bseE)entl" &a2e an acco)nt of t+e
occ)rrence to so'e frends1 t+o)&+ 8t+o)t ado$tn& '" e#$lanaton1 and1
so far as +e 8as able1 lo"all" bore 8tness to ts tr)t+.9
(tanslao Cecc+ s no8 dead1 and t+erefore drect confr'aton of t+s
acco)nt cannot be obtanedG b)t n a letter 8rtten n *AA@1 a frend of +s
Carlo Cnellat Professor Ross5s reE)est &2es +s recollectons of 8+at
+e +ad +eard fro' Cecc+ at t+e t'e1 and t+ese corres$ond 8t+ Professor
Ross5s acco)nt.
)', A . T+e ne#t case s ta3en fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. *>=1
ben& t+ere E)oted fro' an artcle n t+e Arena for %)&)st *A@*1 enttled
Ps"c+c E#$erences19 b" (ara %. :nder8oodIG
.
8t+ Introd)ctor" +ii,
JLH- Re'ar3s b" B. 4. :nder8ood (3no8n to 'e)1 8+o 8rtes t+)sJ
T+e state'ents n t+s $a$er as to 8+at 8as 8rtten n '" $resence
$)r$ortn& to be co'')ncatons fro' s$rts19 and as to t+e crc)'stances
)nder 8+c+ t 8as 8rtten1 are scr)$)lo)sl" correct. T+e
co'')ncatons19 t s certan1 are fro' an ntell&ent so)rce. /rs.
:nder8ood s t+e $erson b" 8+ose +and t+e" are $)t n for'. T+at s+e s
not labo)rn& )nder a 'sta3e n t+n3n& t+at s+e s )nconsco)s of t+e
t+o)&+t e#$ressed )ntl s+e +as read t+e 8rtn&1f1 ndeed1 s)c+ a 'sta3e
n a sane 'nd s $ossble1I a' certan. (o'et'es1 o8n& to t+e
lle&blt" of t+e 8rtn&1 s+e +as to st)d" o)t sentences. T+e 8rtn& 2ares
n st"le1 not onl" on dfferent e2enn&s1 b)t on t+e sa'e e2enn&G t s
a$$arentl" t+e 8rtn& of not fe8er t+an t8ent" $ersons1 and &enerall"
bearn& no rese'blance 8+ate2er1 so far as I can D)d&e1 to /rs.
:nder8ood5s +and8rtn&1 8+c+ s re'ar3abl" )nfor'. T+e
co'')ncatons are )nl3e n t+e de&rees of ntell&ence1 n t+e E)alt" of
t+o)&+t1 and n t+e ds$oston 8+c+ t+e" s+o8. ,etaled state'ents of
facts )n3no8n to et+er of )s1 b)t 8+c+1 8ee3s after8ards1 8ere learned to
be correct1 +a2e been 8rtten1 and re$eated a&an and a&an1 8+en
dsbele2ed and contradcted b" )s. %ll t+e 8rtn& +as been done n '"
$resence1 b)t 'ost of t 8+le I +a2e been b)sl" occ)$ed 8t+ 8or3 8+c+
de'anded '" )nd2ded attenton. T+e 2e8s e#$ressed are often dfferent
fro' '" o8n1 and E)te as freE)entl"1 $er+a$s1 o$$osed to /rs.
:nder8ood5s 2e8s.
/rs. :nder8ood 8rtes as follo8sJ
T+e modus operandi s t+e s'$lest $ossble. %s I re'e'bered t+at /r.
:nder8ood 8as rat+er a2erse to t+e $lanc+ette e#$er'ents of for'er "ears1
t+n3n& t+e' )n8+oleso'e and deteroratn& n t+er tendenc"1 I at frst
sad not+n& to +' of '" ne8 $s"c+cal e#$er'ents1 t+o)&+ t+ese 8ere
'ade oftenest n +s $resence n t+e e2enn& 8+en 8e bot+ sat at one
8rtn& table1 near eac+ ot+er1 b)sed 8t+ o)r nd2d)al lterar" 8or3. %s I
e#$er'ented n +s absence as 8ell as n +s $resence1 I soon fo)nd t+at I
&ot t+e 'ost co+erent 8rtn&s 8+en +e 8as $resent. Indeed I co)ld &et
not+n& co+erent1 and 2er" freE)entl" not+n& at all1 8+en +e 8as a8a"1 b)t
8+en +e 8as $resent t+e co'')ncatons be&an to &ro8 stran&el"
nterestn&1 and as +e 8as called )$on re$eatedl"1 I felt obl&ed to n2te +s
attenton1 8+en t+e 'ost s)r$rsn& ans8ers 8ere &2en1 8+c+ ro)sed +s
c)rost" and nterest. It +as been e#$laned t+at +s $resence s necessar"
for 'e to obtan 8rtn&1 as blended $o8er s best.9 T8o or t+ree t'es1 at
t+e s)&&eston of t+s ntell&ence1 8e +a2e as3ed t8o of o)r nt'ate
lterar" frendsnonC($rt)alststo be $resent1 b)t eac+ t'e 8t+
co'$arat2e fal)reG after8ards 8e 8ere nfor'ed t+at t+e ca)se of fal)re
8as t+e ntrod)cton of $ersons )n)sed to t+e condtons1 8+o bro3e )$ t+e
+ar'ono)s relatons necessar" to co'')ncatonG n t'e t+e" co)ld be of
+el$.
It 8o)ld ta3e a 2ol)'e to $resent all t+e nterestn& state'ents as to an
ad2anced sta&e of e#stence1 onl" +dden fro' )s beca)se of t+e nadeE)ac"
of o)r sense $erce$tons1 and b" t+e condtons '$osed )$on )s at t+s
sta&e of o)r $ro&ress1 8+c+ +a2e been &2en fro' t+s so)rce. E#$lanatons
+a2e been 'ade 8+" co'')ncaton t+ro)&+ t+e a&enc" of certan $ersons1
t+o)&+ not t+ro)&+ all1 s $ossble. T+e condtons1 t s alle&ed1 are not
entrel" de$endent )$on t+e s)$eror ntell&ence or 'oralt" of t+e $ersons
8t+ 8+o' +ii,JLI- t+e ntell&ences can beco'e en rapport. T+ese
n2sbles declare t+at t+e" are as sero)sl" and an#o)sl" e#$er'entn& on
t+er sde to dsco2er 'odes of )ntra''elled co'')ncaton 8t+ )s1 as 8e
on o)r sde o)&+t to be1 f 8+at t+e" 8rte be tr)e1 and f s)c+ a t+n& s
$ossble. ($rts9 t+e" $ersstentl" nsst )$on ben& called. In t+s $a$er I
can &2e onl" a state'ent of so'e t+n&s 8+c+ do not see' e#$lcable on
t+e +"$ot+ess of 'ndCreadn&1 t+o)&+tCtransference1 +"$nots'1 or
s)bconsco)sness. In all t+ese e#$er'ents I +a2e been n a $erfectl" nor'al
state. T+e onl" $+"scal ndcaton of an" o)tsde nfl)ence s an occasonal
sl&+t t+rll as of an electrc c)rrent fro' '" s+o)lder to t+e +and 8+c+
+olds t+e 8atn& $en. (te$ b" ste$ I +a2e been ta)&+t a seres of s&nals to
ad 'e n correctl" readn& t+e co'')ncatons. I +a2e no $o8er to
s)''on at 8ll an" nd2d)al I 8s+. I +a2e re$eatedl"1 b)t n 2an1 tred to
&et 'essa&es fro' so'e near and dear frends. It +as been e#$laned t+at on
t+er sde1 as on o)rs1 certan condtons9 ')st e#st n order to &et n
control.9 6+en e+W9 s 8rtten I 3no8 t+at t+e o$erator at t+e ot+er end of
t+e lne s read" to co'')ncate. 6+en n t+e 'ddle of a sentence or a
8ord &one9 or c+an&e9 s 8rtten1 I )nderstand t+at t+e connecton s
bro3en1 and I ')st not e#$ect t+e co'$leton of t+at 'essa&e. 6+en a lne
l3e t+s s dra8n1 t s a s&n t+at t+at sentence s co'$leted or t+e
co'')ncaton ended. (o 8t+ ot+er t+n&s. R+"'es are often )ne#$ectedl"
8rtten1 es$ecall" f t+e control9 $rofesses to be a $oet1 and t+e" are
das+ed off so ra$dl" t+at I do not )nderstand t+er '$ort )ntl t+e close1
8+en I can read t+e' o2er. I'$ro'$t) r+"'n& s a feat )tterl" '$ossble
to et+er /r. :nder8ood or '"self. !a'es $ersstentl" rec)r 8+c+ are
)n3no8n to )s. /an" dfferent +and8rtn&s a$$ear1 so'e of t+e' far
s)$eror to '" o8n. 6+en I frst be&an to &et co'')ncatons I destro"ed1
n a da" or t8o after t+e" 8ere 8rtten1 t+e sl$s of $a$er contann& t+e
8rtn&1 b)t as t+e de2elo$'ents beca'e 'ore nterestn&1 /r. :nder8ood
s)&&ested t+at t+e" be $reser2ed for reference. I acted on t+s s)&&eston1
and t+)s n t+e nstances of facts &2en o)tsde o)r o8n 3no8led&e1 I a'
enabled to &2e t+e e#act 8ordn& of eac+ co'')ncaton. O)r E)estons
8ere as3ed viva voce, and as t+e" 8ere often s)&&ested b" 8+at +ad been
$re2o)sl" 8rtten1 I et+er at t+e t'e or soon after8ards 8rote t+e' D)st
abo2e t+e re$l". I a' not1 t+erefore1 tr)stn& at all to 'e'or" n t+e
state'ents I s+all 'a3e.
% &entle'an of t+s ct" (8+o' I 8ll call 7o+n ('t+1 b)t 8+ose real
na'e 8as a 'ore )nco''on one) 8t+ 8+o' /r. :nder8ood +ad been
acE)anted 'an" "ears1 b)t of 8+ose fa'l" relatons +e 3ne8 lttle1 ded
+ere 'ore t+an a "ear a&o. /r. :nder8ood +ad 'et +' b)t once n t+e
"ear $re2o)s to +s deat+1 +e +a2n& been a8a" on acco)nt of faln&
+ealt+1 sta"n&1 8e )nderstood1 8t+ a da)&+ter recentl" 'arred1 8+ose
+o'e 8as n 4lorda. T+e frst na'e of t+s 'arred da)&+ter1 or of an" of
/r. ('t+5s da)&+ters e#ce$t one1 8as )n3no8n to /r. :nder8ood. I +ad
'et one of +s da)&+ters 8+ose na'e I 3ne8 to be 7enne. I also 3ne8 t+at
t+ere 8as anot+er na'ed Volet. I 8as not s)re1 +o8e2er1 8+et+er t+s 8as
t+e na'e of t+e 'arred one1 or of anot+er )n'arred1 b)t +ad t+e
'$resson t+at Volet 8as )n'arred. One e2enn&1 8+le 8atn& for
a)to'atc 8rtn& 8t+ no t+o)&+t of /r. ('t+ n '" 'nd1 and /r.
:nder8ood sttn& near 'e at t+e table 8t+ +s t+o)&+ts concentrated on an
artcle +e 8as $re$arn&1 t+s 8as 8rttenJ 7o+n ('t+ 8ll no8 enter nto
con2ersaton 8t+. +ii,JLJ- B. 4. :nder8ood.9 I read t+s to /r.
:nder8ood1 8+o lad asde +s $en1 and n order to test t+e 'atter1 as3ed f
/r. ('t+ re'e'bered t+e last t'e t+e" 'et1 soon after +s ret)rn fro' t+e
(o)t+1 and a s+ort t'e $re2o)s to +s deat+. T+ere 8as so'e dela" n t+e
ans8er1 b)t soon re$l" ca'e1 On /adson (treet.9 6+ereabo)ts on
/adsonW9 8as as3ed. !ear 6as+n&ton.9 %t 8+at +o)rW9 %bo)t *>
%./.1 rann&.9 %s t 8as rarel" t+at /r. :nder8ood 8as n t+at $art of t+e
ct" at so earl" an +o)r1 and es$ecall" on a ran" da"1 I do)bted t+e
correctness of t+s re$l"1 b)t /r. :nder8ood recalled to '" 'nd t+e
)n)s)al crc)'stance 8+c+ 'ade t necessar" for +' to be n t+at 2cnt"
on t+e da" and at t+e +o)r na'ed1 on 8+c+ +e and /r. ('t+1 +e dstnctl"
re'e'bered1 last 'et. Onl" a fe8 8ords $assed bet8een t+e' on acco)nt
of t+e ran. %fter t+s1 8rtn&1 $)r$ortn& to be fro' /r. ('t+1 ca'e
freE)entl". Ver" soon so'et+n& 8as 8rtten 8+c+ nd)ced /r.
:nder8ood +alf s$ort2el" to nE)re 8+et+er t+ere 8as an"t+n& 8+c+
tro)bled /r. ('t+1 an"t+n& 8+c+ +e 8s+ed +e +ad done1 b)t +ad
o'tted1 before +s deat+. T+e ans8er ca'e1 One t+n&c+an&e deeds on
Volet5s acco)nt. !one of '" 8fe5s are at '" da)&+ter5s ds$osal. %ll n +er
o8n ds$osal.9 /r. :nder8ood as3ed f t 8as 'eant t+at +e +ad not left +s
$ro$ert"for +e 8as a 'an of so'e 8ealt+as +e no8 8s+ed +e +ad.
Yo) are r&+t19 8as 8rtten1 8ant all '" &rls to s+are al3e.9 6+c+
da)&+ter do "o) refer toW9 8as as3ed. 6ent a8a" fro' +er n 4lorda
Volet19 8as t+e ans8er. I re'ar3ed1 6+"1 I t+o)&+t Volet 8as one of t+e
)n'arred &rls1 b)t t ')st be t+at t+at s t+e na'e of t+e 'arred
da)&+ter.9 T+en /r. :nder8ood 8as stron&l" )r&ed to call on /r. ('t+5s
'arred son1 7a'es1 8t+ 8+o' /r. :nder8ood +ad a sl&+t acE)antance1
and tell +' of t+s co'')ncaton. Clearl" state '" desre t+at '"
da)&+ter Volet s+are eE)all" 8t+ +er ssters.9 Of co)rse t+s 8as )tterl"
o)t of t+e E)eston. %t t+at t'e 8e +ad no ntenton of nfor'n& an" one
of o)r $s"c+c e#$erence1 and f 8e +ad1 /r. 7a'es ('t+ 8o)ld +a2e
t+o)&+t )s nsane or '$ertnent to co'e to +' 8t+ so rdc)lo)s a stor"1
t+e tr)t+ of 8+c+ 8e o)rsel2es stron&l" do)bted. Pa&es 8ere1 +o8e2er1
8rtten concernn& t+e 'atter n so earnest and $leadn& a 'anner t+at I
ca'e to feel conscenceCstrc3en at ref)sn& to do 8+at 8as as3ed1 and to
s+rn3 fro' seen& /r. ('t+5s na'e a$$ear. Once 8as 8rtten1 (a" to
7a'es t+at n '" ne8 $oston1 and 8t+ '" ne8 2e8s of lfe1 I feel t+at I
dd 8ron& to treat +s sster Volet as I dd. (+e 8as not to bla'e for
follo8n& o)t +er o8n con2ctons1 8+en I +ad nc)lcated nde$endent
t+o)&+t and acton for all.9 T+s and ot+er sentences of t+e 3nd see'ed to
con2e" t+e dea t+at Volet +ad n so'e 8a" nc)rred +s ds$leas)re b"
don& accordn& to +er o8n 8ll n o$$oston to +s. T+s 8as $)NNln& to
)s1 as 8e 3ne8 t+at n +er 'arra&e1 at least1 t+e da)&+ter 8e t+o)&+t to be
Volet +ad follo8ed +er fat+er5s 8s+es.
% fe8 8ee3s later1 +o8e2er1 ca'e an )nloo3edCfor 2erfcaton of /r.
('t+5s 'essa&es. In a con2ersaton bet8een /r. :nder8ood and a
b)sness frend of /r. ('t+1 8+o 8as 8ell acE)anted 8t+ all +s affars1
re&ret 8as e#$ressed t+at so 8ealt+" a 'an +ad left so lttle for a certan
$)r$ose. /r. :nder8ood t+en nE)red as to 8+at ds$oston +ad been
'ade of +s $ro$ert"1 and 8as told t+at +e +ad left t 'anl" to +s 8fe and
c+ldrenso ')c+ to t+s one1 and t+at. B)t Volet19 contn)ed /r.
:nder8ood5s nfor'ant1 8as left onl" a s'all a'o)nt1 as /r. ('t+ 8as
an&r" beca)se s+e 'arred a&anst +s 8s+es.9 6+"19 re'ar3ed /r.
:nder8ood1 I )nderstood t+at +e a$$ro2ed +ii,JLK- of t+e 'atc+1 and t+e
fact t+at +e acco'$aned +erself and +)sband to 4lorda1 and re'aned 8t+
t+e' so'e t'e1 8o)ld see' to ndcate t+at.9 O+1 "o) are t+n3n& of
L)c"1 t+e eldest &rlG +er 'arra&e 8as all r&+t1 b)t Volet1 one of t+e
"o)n&er da)&+ters1 &on& to 4lorda 8t+ +er LL)c"5sM +)sband1 fell n lo2e
8t+ a "o)n& 'an of 8+o' +er fat+er dd not a$$ro2e1 so s+e 'ade a
r)na8a" 'arra&e1 and on acco)nt of +s ds$leas)re1 /r. ('t+ left +er
onl" a s'all s)'.9 T+e ntell&ence 8rtn& 8as a8are of facts )n3no8n to
et+er /r. :nder8ood or '"self1 and no ot+er $ersons 8ere n t+e roo'
8+en t+ese co'')ncatons 8ere &2en.
In t+e Arena for 7)ne *A@. /r. :nder8ood contn)esJ
/" $resence +as been and s no8 one of t+e condtons of /rs.
:nder8ood5s &ettn& connected and co+erent 8rtn&. Onl" a fe8 8ords and
a sentence or t8o +a2e been 8rtten occasonall" n '" absence. Once 8+en
I 8as absent fro' +o'e t+e $ec)lar sensaton 8+c+ +ad al8a"s been felt
n /rs. :nder8ood5s r&+t +and before t+e 8rtn& be&an1 8as felt n t+e left
+and1 8t+ 8+c+ a na'e 8as 8rtten 8t+ letters re2ersed1 and s+e co)ld
read t onl" 8+en '$ressed to do so. (+e +eld t before t+e 'rror. It 8as
t+e na'e of a $erson t8o +)ndred 'les dstant1 8+o 8as stll al2e1 b)t1 as
8as s)bseE)entl" learned1 n an )nconsco)s state at t+e t'e1 and 2er" near
deat+1 8+c+ occ)rred t8o or t+ree da"s after8ards.
T+e 8ord deat+9 s ne2er )sed e#ce$t 8t+ soCcalled9 before t1 or
8+c+ s a ne8 brt+19 or so'e ot+er e#$lanator" or E)alf"n& e#$resson.
T+e 8rtn& $)r$orts to be fro' e#traC'ed)'stc and e#traC')ndane
so)rcesfro' n2sble +)'an ben&s 8+o once n+abted t+s eart+. T+e
8rtn& al8a"s1 8+et+er $)r$ortn& to be fro' a $erson of +&+ or lo8
de&ree1 cla's t+at t+e controlln& ntell&ence s a s$rta dscarnate
+)'an ben&. %n" nt'aton t+at t+e co'')ncatn& ntell&ence 'a" be
t+e 'ed)'5s s)bconsco)s e&o1 a fracton of 8+c+ onl" rses to t+e le2el of
consco)s 3no8led&e1 s 'et 8t+ res$onses to t+e effect t+at t s stran&e
an"bod" can bele2e s)c+ a 2a&ar". One cla'1 to 8+c+ t+ere +as ne2er
been e#ce$ton n an" 8rtn& $)r$ortn& to be a 'essa&e1 s t+at a s$rt19 a
dscarnate +)'an ben&1 'o2es t+e +and t+at +olds t+e $en. Generall"
na'es and dates are not &2enG and 8+en t+e" are1 t+e" are as lable to be
8ron& as correct. In ans8er to E)estons as to t+e reason of t+s1 t +as been
sad s)bstantall" t+at 'e'ores and re'nscences are onl" &at+ered )$ as
t+e de$arted are able to co'e n contact 8t+ $ersons and obDects of eart+.
(tran&e as t 'a" see'1 I &et tred and ner2o)s 8+en t+s 8rtn& s
$rolon&edG t e#+a)sts 'e ')c+ 'ore t+an t does /rs. :nder8ood1 on
8+o' t ne2er lea2es an" de$ressn& nfl)ence.
T+e ntell&ence 8+c+ see's to be e#traneo)s1 8+c+ n2arabl" cla's
to be a de$arted s$rt1 no8 one1 no8 anot+er1 s so'et'es nferor
ntellect)all" to t+e 'ed)'G at ot+er t'es1 n certan lnes of t+o)&+t1 n
t+e )se of 8ords1 and n t+e state'ent of facts1 t+e ntell&ence t+at drects
t+e $en e2nces lar&er 3no8led&e t+an /rs. :nder8ood consco)sl"
$ossesses. T+e s$elln& s so'et'es dfferent fro' +er o8n1 and t+e st"le s
often stlted1 and e2en &randose1 8+le +er st"le s s'$le and nat)ral. In
so'e cases t+e 8rtn& relates to 8+at s entrel" )n3no8n to t+e 8rterto
+er ordnar" consco)snesst+o)&+ n so'e of t+ese cases I can conce2e t
as $ossble1 and dee' t $robable1 t+at t+e 8rtn& relates to 8+at +as been
noted or learned b" t+e $ass2e consco)sness1 and s e2o3ed t+erefro' e2en
t+o)&+ t+ere s no reco&nton of ts +a2n& been ncl)ded n t+e $erson5s
e#$erence. +ii,JLL- B)t n ot+er cases t+e 8rtn& +as contaned e2dence of
3no8led&e t+at /rs1 :nder8ood ne2er co)ld +a2e obtaned n an" 3no8n
8a". (+e &a2e one or t8o nstances n t+e %)&)st Arena. I 8ll relate
anot+er of +er e#$erences 8+c+1 n '" o$non1 $ro2es t+at t+ere are
s)$ernor'al 'et+ods of obtann& 3no8led&e.
One 'ornn& a 'essa&e $)r$ortn& to be fro' a "o)n& 'an recentl"
deceased 8as rece2ed. !et+er /rs. :nder8ood nor I +ad e2er seen +s
+and8rtn&. 6e 3ne8 +s na'e onl" as 6lla' (. T+e 'essa&e 8as
s&ned V.6.(.9 %t t+e t'e I re'ar3ed t+at I dd not bele2e t+ere 8as an"
V n +s na'e1 and n t+s o$non /rs. :nder8ood conc)rred. % fe8 da"s
after8ards 8e 'et t+e fat+er and t+e 'ot+er of t+e "o)n& 'an1 8+o 8ere so
'$ressed 8t+ t+e rese'blance bet8een t+e +and8rtn& and t+at of t+er
son t+at t+e" 8s+ed to ta3e t+e 8rtn& 8t+ t+e'. T+ere 8as a V n t+e
na'e1 b)t t 8as t+e ntal of +s second na'e1 and not of t+e frst1 as t 8as
8rtten. In t+e $resence of t+e "o)n& 'an5s 'ot+er1 /rs. :nder8ood5s +and
8as 'o2ed to 8rte1 and t+e lad" as3ed f +er fat+er 8o)ld &2e a test b"
8rtn& +s na'e. T+e frst na'e1 (olo'on1 8as 8rtten slo8l"G and after a
$a)se1 t+e s)rna'e 8as 8rtten 2er" E)c3l". /rs. :nder8ood dd not 3no8
and ne2er +ad 3no8n t+e na'e1 8+c+ 8as 8rtten correctl"G and /r. (.1
8+o s a la8"er and a 'an of crtcal and dscr'natn& 'nd1 and +s 8fe
bot+ declared t+at t+e s&nat)re closel" rese'bled t+at of t+e old &entle'an.
(o'e da"s a&o I 8rote to /r. (.1 as3n& +' 8+et+er1 after f)rt+er
reflecton1 +e co)ld s)&&est a $ossble e#$lanaton of 8+at /rs. :nder8ood
8rote 8t+o)t reco)rse to an" occ)lt t+eor". -e re$led and referred to t+e
'essa&e $)r$ortn& to be fro' +s son1 t+)sJ I +a2e co'$ared t 8t+
s&nat)res of o)r bo". %s I told "o) n C+ca&o at t+e t'e1 t+e 8rtn& bears
a very stron& rese'blance to +s 8rtn&. /rs. :nder8ood dd not1 n '"
o$non1 et+er consco)sl" or )nconsco)sl"1 +a2e an" 3no8led&e of 6ll5s
f)ll na'e. T+e 8rtn&1 8+le E)te s'lar to 6ll5s1 s 2er" dfferent fro'
/rs. :nder8ood5s. /" 8fe5s fat+er5s na'e +ad not been 'entoned at all.
!e2er +ad been n /rs. :nder8ood5s $resence. I don5t t+n3 s+e +ad e2er
'et a 'e'ber of /rs. (.5s fa'l" b" t+at na'e1 "et s+e certanl" 8rote t+e
na'e of /rs. (.5s fat+er1 (olo'on /.1 2er" $lanl"1 8+en as3ed to 8rte t+e
na'e of t+e $erson 8+o +ad D)st 8rtten t+at +e +ad so'et+n& to sa". T+s
8rtn& 8as also very, very s'lar to t+e +and8rtn& of t+e old &entle'an.9
4)ll" a8are t+at ncdents lon& for&otten 'a" be recalled1 t+at $ossbl"
no la$se of 'e'or" s rre2ocable1 and t+at )nder certan condtons fro'
t+e s)b'er&ed self 'a" be sent )$ 'e'ores 8+c+ cannot be dstn&)s+ed
fro' ne8l"CacE)red 3no8led&e1 stll1 I a' confdent t+at /rs.
:nder8ood5s +and +as 8rtten na'es and state'ents of facts not onl" once1
b)t se2eral t'es1 8+c+ 8ere not and ne2er +ad been an" $art of +er
consco)s 3no8led&e.
)'* A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;<;K<A.
In &roceedings, 2ol. 2. $. <;<1 s &2en a case translated fro'
&sychische Studien, 4ebr)ar" *AA@1 $$. B=K@1 8+c+ descrbes a
co'')ncaton 'ade to /dlle. E''a (tra'' concernn& t+e deat+ of a /.
%)&)st ,)2anel. /. %3sa3off +as 3ndl" sent 'e addtonal 'atter of +&+
nterest bearn& on t+s case1 8+c+ I +ere translate fro' +s letter dated /a"
@t+1 *AA@ (ne8 st"le). It 8ll be 8ell frst to re$rnt t+e case as t stood n
&sychische Studien.
+ii,JLM-
On 7an)ar" *@t+1 *AA= (sa"s /. %3sa3off)1 I rece2ed a 2st fro' t+e
en&neer Ra&orodoff1 8+o resdes n 6lna. -e narrated to 'e t+e
follo8n& crc)'stances. -e +ad as &o2erness for +s c+ldren /dlle. E''a
(tra''1 a (8ss1 fro' t+e to8n of !e)fc+gtel1 8+o $ossessed t+e &ft of
a)to'atc 8rtn&. %t a sUance +eld at nne o5cloc3 on t+e e2enn& of
7an)ar" *?t+1 at t+e +o)se of -err Ra&orodoff1 at 6lna1 t+e follo8n&
co'')ncaton 8as &2en n 4renc+ n +s $resence. I +a2e been s+o8n t+e
or&nal1 and E)ote t+s fro' a co$" of t. T+e 'ed)'1 8+o 8as n +er
nor'al state1 as3edJ
Is L"da +ereW9 (T+s 8as a $ersonalt" 8+c+ +ad 'anfested tself at
$re2o)s sttn&s.)
!o1 Lo)s
*
s +ere1 and 8s+es to '$art a $ece of ne8s 5une nouvee6
to +s sster.9
6+at s tW9
% $erson of t+" acE)antance $assed a8a" 5est partie6 abo)t t+ree
o5cloc3 toda".9
6+at a' I to )nderstand b" t+sW9
T+at s to sa"1+e s dead.9
6+oW9
%)&)st ,)2anel.9
6+at 8as +s llnessW9
T+e for'aton of a clot of blood 5dQun engorgement de sang6. Pra" for
t+e rede'$ton of +s so)l.9
T8o 8ee3s later -err Ra&orodoff1 8+o 8as a&an n (t. Petersb)r&1
s+o8ed 'e a letter fro' ,a2d (tra''1 t+e fat+er of t+e 'ed)'1 dated
fro' !e)fc+gtel1 on 7an)ar" *At+1 *AA= (ne8 st"le)G t+)s 8rtten t+ree da"s
after t+e deat+ of ,)2anel. T+s letter 8as rece2ed at 6lna on 7an)ar"
.;rd. In t +er fat+er nfor's +er of t+e e2ent n t+e follo8n& 8ords. I co$"
t+e' lterall" fro' t+e or&nalJ
/" ')c+ lo2ed da)&+ter.Y I 8ll no8 tell t+ee a &reat $ece of ne8s
5une grande nouvee6. %)&)st ,)2anel ded on 7an)ar" *?t+1 abo)t t+ree
o5cloc3 n t+e afternoon. It 8as1 so to s$ea31 a s)dden deat+1 for +e +ad onl"
been ll a fe8 +o)rs. -e 8as attac3ed b" bloodCclottn& 5engorgement de
sang6 8+en +e 8as at t+e ban3. -e s$o3e 2er" lttle1 and e2er"t+n& t+at +e
sad 8as for t+ee.Y -e co''ended +'self to t+" $ra"ers. T+ese 8ere +s
last 8ords.9
T+e dfference n t'e bet8een 6lna and (8tNerland s abo)t an +o)r.
It 8o)ld t+)s be fo)r o5cloc3 n 6lna 8+en ,)2anel5s deat+ occ)rred1 and
f2e +o)rs later t+s $ece of ne8s 8as co'')ncated b" a)to'atc 8rtn&.
B)t 8+o 8as ,)2anelW %nd 8+" s+o)ld +s deat+ be a &reat $ece of
ne8s9 for /dlle. E''a (tra''W In re$l" to E)estons 8+c+ I $)t to +' n
8rtn&1 -err Ra&orodoff &a2e 'e t+e follo8n& e#$lanatonJ 6+en
/dlle. E''a (tra'' l2ed 8t+ +er $arents n !e)fc+gtel1 t+s -err
,)2anel 8anted to 'arr" +er. B)t +e 8as 'et 8t+ a decded ref)sal on t+e
$art of t+e "o)n& lad". %s +er $arents1 on t+e ot+er +and1 8ere n fa2o)r of
t+e 'arra&e1 and endea2o)red to $ers)ade +er to consent to t1 s+e resol2ed
to lea2e +er fat+erland and ta3e a st)aton as a &o2erness. T+e last
co'')ncaton s+e +ad 8t+ ,)2anel 8as so'e t'e before +er de$art)re1
n t+e "ear *AA*. (+e +ii,JLN- dd not 3ee$ )$ an" corres$ondence 8t+ +'.
(+e +ad seen ,)2anel5s fa'l" onl" t8o or t+ree t'es n all. % "ear after
+er de$art)re +e left !e)fc+gtel1 and re'aned n Canton Vqrc+ )ntl +s
deat+.9
To t+s /. %3sa3off adds1 n a letter to 'e (/a" @t+1 *AA@)J
I +a2e dela"ed ans8ern& "o)r letter of %$rl *st1 beca)se on rece2n& t
I 8rote to Colonel Ra&orodoff and to /dlle. E''a (tra'' for f)rt+er
detals1 8+c+ see'ed to 'e needf)l for t+e co'$leton of o)r crtcal
D)d&'ent on t+e ,)2anel case. I +a2e D)st rece2ed t+er letters1 dated %$rl
*Bt+ and %$rl *At+.
I 8ll be&n ans8ern& "o)r E)estons.
(*) T+s case 8as $)bls+ed n &sychische Studien for 4ebr)ar" *AA@1
b)t t +ad been 8rtten b" 'e n 4ebr)ar" *AAA1 8+c+ e#$lans '" sa"n&
t+at I +ad atey rece2ed t.
(.) I fnd n '" boo3 of 'e'oranda a notce dated 7an)ar" =t+ (*@t+) of
/. Ra&orodoff5s 2st and +s co'')ncaton concernn& t+e deat+ of
,)2anel.
(;) /. Ra&orodoff s a 'ltar" en&neer1 l2n& at $resent at Grodno1 a
seat of $ro2ncal Go2ern'ent n 6est R)ssa. In t+e a)t)'n of *AAB /.
Ra&orodoff endea2o)red to +"$notse /dlle. E''a1 b)t soon s+e be&an to
s$ea3 and 8rte n 'ed)'stc fas+on. (/. Ra&orodoff 8as not 8+oll" a
no2ce n ($rt)als'1 +a2n& been $resent1 so'e ten "ears earler1 at a 2er"
ele'entar" seres of sUances.) %)to'atc 8rtn&1 +o8e2er1 see'ed to
fat&)e t+e 'ed)'1 and t+e 'et+od of tranceC)tterance 8as )s)all"
$referred. T+e 'ed)' sa8 and descrbed t+e LdeceasedM $ersons n 8+ose
na'e s+e s$o3e. /. Ra&orodoff as3ed E)estons n R)ssan1 and t+e
'ed)' ans8ered n Ger'an or 4renc+. /. Ra&orodoff1 8+o 8as a
8do8er1 nat)rall" desred a $ersonal and absol)tel" concl)s2e 'essa&e
fro' +s 8fe. (+e (t+e nfl)ence s$ea3n& t+ro)&+ E.(. as /ada'e
Ra&orodoff) re$led t+at s+e co)ld &2e s)c+ a 'essa&e onl" b" '$ressn&
t+e 'ed)' d)rn& +er ordnar" slee$G and s+e effected +er $)r$ose b"
ca)sn& t+e 'ed)' to see1 n a drea'1 a seres of fo)r scenes Ltablea)#MG
8+c+ /dlle. E''a descrbed to /. Ra&orodoff and n 8+c+ +e
reco&nsed t+e $erfect re$resentaton of an e$sode n +s 'arred lfe. T+ese
drea'Cco'')ncatons for' a s$ecal feat)re n t+e 'ed)'s+$ of /dlle.
(tra''G t+e sa'e s)bDect ben& so'et'es t+)s treated for a 8ee3
contn)o)sl".
LOn t+s $ont /. %3sa3off adds1 4ebr)ar" *?t+1*A@>J /. Ra&orodoff
nfor's 'e of t+e follo8n& $ec)lart" of +s 8fe5s (+e 'arred /dlle.
(tra'' as +s second 8fe n *AA@)J,)rn& +er ordnar" slee$ one can
enter nto con2ersaton 8t+ +er. (+e contn)es to slee$1 ans8ern&
E)estons1 and descrbn& t+e fantastc drea's 8+c+ s+e sees. In +er re$les
s+e &enerall" )ses t+e t+rd $erson. On a8a3n&1 s+e re'e'bers not+n&. If
d)rn& +er slee$ /. Ra&orodoff 'a3es so'e $asses o2er +er face s+e
''edatel" $asses nto 'a&netc (so'na'b)lc) slee$G and t+e c+aracter of
+er con2ersaton entrel" c+an&es. In +er ordnar" slee$ Hs$rtsI never
a$$ear on t+e sceneG n t+e secondar" for' of slee$1 a#ays. % fe8 re2erse
$asses1 and t+e 'a&netc slee$ &2es $lace1 8t+ a s&+1 to t+e ordnar"
slee$.9M
(<) %s to "o)r E)eston 8+et+er t+e co'')ncatons +a2e or +a2e not
ncl)ded 'an" defnte state'ents fo)nd to be )ntr)e19 Las s t+e case 8t+
so 'an" s'lar seres1M /. Ra&orodoff cannot recollect an" s)c+
state'ents. %s an nstance to t+e contrar"1 +e re'nded 'e of a $redcton
'ade /arc+ .nd1 *AA=1 of 8+c+ +e nfor'ed 'e n +s letter of %)&)st
.?t+1 *AA= (stll n +ii,JLO- '" +ands). It 8as anno)nced to /dlle. E. t+at
+er sster (8+o s n (8tNerland) 8o)ld be del2ered n f2e 'ont+s of a
bo"1 8+o 8o)ld not l2e 'ore t+an t+ree or fo)r "ears. /dlle. E''a dd
not e2en 3no8 at t+e t'e t+at +er sster 8as e#$ectn& a bab". In fact t+e
sster 8as del2ered of a bo" at t+e end of 7)l"1 *AA=.
*
I $ass on to t+e case of ,)2anel1 8+c+ needs so'e detals to co'$lete
t. T+e frst E)eston 8+c+ $resents tself to t+e 'nd s as follo8sJ 6+at
$roof +a2e 8e t+at /dlle. E''a +ad not rece2ed a tele&ra' anno)ncn&
,)2anel5s deat+W9 I as3ed t+s E)eston of /. Ra&orodoff b" letterG I &2e
an abstract of +s re$l".
(*) T+e deat+ of ,)2anel too3 $lace (b" 6lna t'e) at abo)t <.;> P./.
On t+at da"1 fro' = P./. tll t+e be&nnn& of t+e sUance1 /. Ra&orodoff1 as
+e $ost2el" re'e'bers1 8as constantl" 8t+ /dlle. E.G and e2en
s)$$osn& t+at t+e tele&ra' +ad been des$atc+ed +alfCanC+o)r after %.,.5s
deat+ (Z)1 ne2ert+eless t 8o)ld +a2e been '$ossble for a tele&ra' sent
fro' (8tNerland to +a2e been rece2ed and del2ered at 6lna n t+e s+ort
nter2al bet8een ? and = P./. On t+at da"1 'oreo2er1 /dlle. E. dd not lea2e
t+e +o)se after ; P./.
(.) %ll /dlle. E.5s corres$ondence 8as addressed1 care of Colonel
Ra&orodoff.
(;) T+e tele&ra' co)ld not +a2e been rece2ed 8t+o)t t+e 3no8led&e of
t+e ser2ants and t+e c+ldren. T+ere 8o)ld +a2e been no reason for 3ee$n&
t secret.
(<) T+e relatons of /dlle. E. are $oor $ersons1 and t+ere 8as not
s)ffcent 'ot2e for t+e ''edate co'')ncaton of t+s $ece of ne8s.
B)t '&+t not a tele&ra' +a2e been sent b" t+e frends or fa'l" of
,)2anelW Consdern& t+at all relatons bet8een ,)2anel and /dlle. E. +ad
been bro3en off n *AA*1 s)c+ a tele&ra' 8o)ld +a2e +ad no reasonable
obDect. /oreo2er1 n '" letter to /dlle. E.1 I +ad be&&ed +er to tell 'e 8+at
8as t+e e#act $lace of ,.5s deat+ and 8+et+er t+ose 8+o l2ed 8t+ +'
co)ld +a2e 3no8n +er address. To t+s s+e re$led n +er letter of %$rl *Bt+1
*AA@. ,. ded n a lttle +a'let of t+e Canton of Vqrc+1 called1 I t+n31
-rc+U1 b)t I a' not s)re1 for '" brot+er Lfro' 8+o' I nE)redM +ad
+'self for&otten t+e na'e. ,. l2ed alone1 and +ad onl" one brot+er1 8+o
l2ed n anot+er to8n.9 I'$ossble1 t+erefore1 t+at a tele&ra' s+o)ld +a2e
been des$atc+ed ''edatel" fro' t+at E)arter.
6+en /. Ra&orodoff ca'e to see 'e t+e second t'e1 n 7an)ar" *AA=1
8t+ t+e letter of /dlle. E.5s fat+er1 I 8as str)c3 8t+ t+e dentt" of t+e
e#$resson1 )n en&or&e'ent de san&19 e'$lo"ed n t+e tranceC'essa&e1
8+c+ 8as n 4renc+1 and also n t+e fat+er5s letter1 8+c+ 8as l3e8se n
4renc+1 to e#$lan t+e ca)se of ,.5s deat+. T+s dentt" of $+rase a$$eared
2er" stran&e1 not to sa" s)s$co)s. I dre8 /. Ra&orodoff5s attenton to t1
and be&&ed +' to as3 t+e 'ed)' abo)t t1 as soon as a sUance &a2e t+e
o$$ort)nt". T+s dentt" of e#$resson s)&&ested a c)ro)s acton of
tele$at+".
T+s s 8+at /. Ra&orodoff5s letter1 D)st rece2ed1 sa"s on t+e s)bDectJ

On t+e da" after t+e sUance of 7an)ar" ;rd (*?t+)1 *AA=1 /dlle. E.1 not
e#$ectn& to rece2e a letter fro' +er fat+er 8t+ t+e confr'aton of t+e fact
of ,.5s deat+1 8rote to +er sster n (8tNerland1 statn& t+at s+e +ad +ad a
+ii,JMP- 2son as t+o)&+ ,. 8ere dead1 and as3n& 8+et+er t+s 8as reall"
t+e case. T+e drea' 8as an e#$edent )sed beca)se E''a5s relatons +ad
no 3no8led&e of ($rt)als'1 stll less of E.5s $ersonal $roceedn&s n t+at
drecton. T+e letter of /dlle. E.5s sster arr2ed ten da"s after +er fat+er5s
letter. T+e sster1 not 3no8n& t+at t+er fat+er +ad alread" anno)nced ,.5s
deat+1 desred to +de t+e fact fro' +er Lfor a reason $resentl" to be s+o8nM
and ans8ered t+at ,. 8as not dead1 b)t &one to %'erca.9
/. Ra&orodoff1 after a s# 8ee3s5 absence1 ret)rned to 6lna at t+e
be&nnn& of /arc+ *AA=. %t t+e frst sUance +eld1 earl" n /arc+1 +e
be&&ed of Lo)s (t+e controlln& s$rt) to e#$lan t+e contradcton bet8een
t+e letters of t+e fat+er and t+e sster of /dlle. E. to)c+n& t+e deat+ of
,)2anel. T+e 'ed)' 8as entranced1 and s$o3e n t+e na'e of Lo)s. /.
Ra&orodoff too3 notes1 and t+s s 8ord for 8ord t+e ans8er 8+c+ 8as
&2enJ
-e s deadG onl" L+erM sster does not 8s+ t+at s+e s+o)ld 3no8 of +s
deat+1 beca)se t 8as not of a sto$$a&e of blood 5engorgement6 as I +ad
8rtten.9 (T+e 'essa&e of 7an)ar" ;rd (*?t+) *AA=1 +ad been &2en b"
a)to'atc 8rtn&1 n 4renc+.) I co)ld not tell t+e tr)t+ fran3l"
5directement6, for +er +ealt+ 8o)ld +a2e been affected b" t.9
6+ere and +o81 t+en1 dd +e deW9
-e ded n t+e Canton of Vqrc+G b)t +e 3lled +'self1 and s+e ')st
not 3no8 t. (+e ')st re'an &norant of t+s1 for f s+e learns1 e2en
ndrectl"1 of +s selfCnflcted deat+1 +er +ealt+ 'a" s)ffer. Yo) ')st not
s$ea3 to +er of t+e 'atter1 for s+e s)s$ects t+e tr)t+.9
-o8 does t +a$$en1 t+en1 t+at t+e dentcal e#$resson1 stoppage o$
bood, s fo)nd bot+ n "o)r 'essa&e and n t+e fat+er5s letterW9
It s I 8+o ns$red +' 8t+ t+at e#$resson.9
%s "o) $erce2e1 t+e case beco'es ncreasn&l" co'$lcated and
nterestn&. In $ont of fact1 /dlle. E.1 so'e da"s after t+e 'essa&e of
7an)ar" ;rd (*?t+) dd n fact see n a drea' ,)2anel co2ered 8t+ blood
5ensangant;6. T+e contradctor" state'ents n t+e letters (of +er fat+er and
sster) led +er to s)s$ect t+at t+e tr)t+ 8as ben& concealed fro' +er1 and
t+at t+ere +ad reall" been a s)cde. It 8as onl" n t+e a)t)'n of *AA=1 8+en
/dlle. E. 'ade a Do)rne" to (8tNerland to see +er relatons1 t+at s+e learnt
all t+e tr)t+1 confr'n& t+e second 'essa&e.
T+e fears of Lo)s and of +er relatons as to t+e bad effect 8+c+ t+e
ne8s of t+e s)cde '&+t +a2e )$on /dlle. E. 8ere n fact e#a&&erated. 4or
/dlle. E. +ad left (8tNerland n *AA*1 and )$ tll t+e 'essa&e of 7an)ar"
;rd (*?t+)1 *AA=1 +ad rece2ed no ne8s of ,)2anel. (o'e t'e after /dlle.
E.5s de$art)re ,)2anel left !e)fc+gtel for Gene2a1 8+ere +e 8as e'$lo"ed
at a ban3G8+c+ e#$lans t+e $+rase n t+e fat+er5s letter1 sa"n& t+at ,.
+ad ded of a sto$$a&e of blood 8+le +e 8as at t+e ban3.9 B)t of late +e
+ad l2ed n a lttle +a'let of t+e Canton of Vqrc+. %ll t+s /dlle. E''a
learnt on +er 2st to +er relatons.
%fter all t+ese facts1 +o8e2er1 t+e $roble' as to t+e $ossblt" of a
tele$at+c nfl)ence fro' t+e $arents of /dlle. E. s not "et decded. To
clear )$ t+s $ont 8e ')st 3no8 t+e e#act da" 8+en t+e fat+er of /dlle. E.
learnt t+e deat+ of ,)2anel1 and 8e ')st 3no8 t+e detals +e t+en +eard. If
/dlle. E.5s relatons +ad +eard t+e ne8s of ,.5s s)cde on t+e 2er" da" of
+s deat+G and f t +ad been decded n fa'l" dsc)sson t+at t+e" 8o)ld
conceal fro' +er t+e 'anner of +s deat+1 and ado$t t+e e#$resson
sto$$a&e of +ii,JMG- blood9t+en one '&+t stll conDect)re t+at t+ere +ad
been a tele$at+c trans'sson of t+o)&+t.
B)t t+e fat+er5s letter 8as 8rtten 7an)ar" *At+1 and1 as /dlle. E. sa"s
Ln +er letter of %$rl *Bt+1 *AA@M1 t s $robable t+at t+e 'eetn& n t+e tran
L8+en t+e fat+er +eard of ,)2anel5s deat+ fro' ,)2anel5s brot+erM too3
$lace on t+e *=t+1 and t+)s a$ter t+e sttn& of 7an)ar" ;rd (*?t+). In t+at
case1 f tele$at+" t+ere 8ere1 t 8o)ld be needf)l to see3 t+e ns$rer (t+e
agent provocateur!) n so'e factor o)tsde t+e 'nds of /dlle. E. or +er
relatons.
B)t t+s $robablt" s not eno)&+G and t+e essental E)eston as to t+e
day 8+en /dlle. E.5s relatons learnt t+e deat+ of ,)2anel s not "et
deter'ned. I 8ll 8rte a&an on t+s $ont to t+e ci,devant /dlle. (tra''1
8+o s no8 /ada'e Ra&orodoffG for t+e Colonel n +s last letter to 'e
anno)nces +s 'arra&e 8t+ /dlle. E''a (tra''. I 8ll be& +er to as3 +er
fat+er to f# as $recsel" as $ossble t+e da" of +s 'eetn& 8t+ ,)2anel5s
brot+er. T+e re$l" s+all be sent to "o) at once.
T+)s1 t+en1 8e +a2e n t+s case of s$rt)alstc co'')ncatonJ (*) t+e
ne8s of a deat+ at a dstanceG (.) t+e 'anner of deat+G (;) t+e $lace of deat+G
all )n3no8n to t+e 'ed)'.
On 7)ne .<t+ (7)l" Bt+) *AA@1 /. %3sa3off a&an 8rote to 'e as
follo8sJ
/. Ra&orodoff +as +ad t+e 3ndness to send 'e n or&nal t+e letter of
/ada'e Ra&orodoff5s sster. I enclose a co$". %s "o) $erce2e1 t+e fat+er
learnt t+e ne8s of ,)2anel5s deat+ on 7an)ar" *=t+1 t8o da"s1 t+erefore1
after t+e deat+ tself1 and t8o da"s after t+e ne8s of t+e deat+ 8as rece2ed
at 6lna n R)ssa. T+e crc)'stance t+at t+s ne8s 8as +eard b" /.
(tra'' n a 'erel" accdental 8a"1 and onl" on t+e da" of t+e f)neral1
$ro2es t+at n fact all relatons bet8een ,)2anel and t+e (tra'' fa'l" +ad
been s)s$ended. T+e letter of /dlle. Bert+a s dated fro' Roc+efortG t+at s
a s'all to8n1 at t8ent" 'n)tes5 ral8a" Do)rne" fro' !e)fc+gtelG and t s
t+ere1 strctl" s$ea3n&1 and not at !e)fc+gtel1 t+at t+e (tra'' fa'l"
resde.
Co$" of $art of /dlle. Bert+a (tra''5s letter to +er sster1 /ada'e
Ra&orodoff1 dated Roc+efort1 7)ne *Bt+1 *AA@.
,)2anel ded 7an)ar" *?t+1 and $a$a learnt t+e ne8s on t+e *=t+1 for
+e 'et ,)2anel5s brot+er1 8+o 8as settn& o)t for t+e f)neral. T+e brot+er
8as to lea2e for %'erca a fe8 da"s later. It s I 8+o +a2e recollected t+s1
b" searc+n& '" 'e'or"1 for $a$a s old and feeble and does not no8
re'e'ber an"t+n& of t+e 'atter. I cannot tell "o) t+e na'e of t+e 2lla&e
8+ere t+e deat+ occ)rred.9
)') A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;??K?=. 4or t+e follo8n&
case also I a' ndebted to /. %3sa3off.
T-E PeReLIG:I!E C%(E.
*ocument I.Co$" of re$ort of sUance +eld !o2e'ber *At+1 *AA=1 n
t+e +o)se of /. !artNeff1 at Ta'bof1 R)ssa.
PresentJ /. %. !artNeff Llanded $ro$retor1 belon&n& to t+e R)ssan
noblt"1 n t+e Go2ern'ent of Ta'bofMG /ada'e %. (le$Nof La)nt of /.
+ii,JMH- !artNeffMG /ada'e I2anof L/. !artNeff5s +o)se3ee$erMG /. !.
To)lo)c+eff Loffcal $+"scan of t+e ')nc$alt" of Ta'bofM.
T+e sttn& be&an at *> P./. at a table $laced n t+e 'ddle of t+e roo'1
b" t+e l&+t of a n&+tCl&+t $laced on t+e 'antel$ece. %ll doors closed. T+e
left +and of eac+ 8as $laced on t+e r&+t +and of +s ne&+bo)r1 and eac+
foot to)c+ed t+e ne&+bo)r5s foot1 so t+at d)rn& t+e 8+ole of t+e sttn& all
+ands and feet 8ere )nder control. (+ar$ ra$s 8ere +eard n t+e floor1 and
after8ards n t+e 8all and t+e celn&1 after 8+c+ t+e blo8s so)nded
''edatel" n t+e 'ddle of t+e table1 as f so'e one +ad str)c3 t fro'
abo2e 8t+ +s fstG and 8t+ s)c+ 2olence1 and so often1 t+at t+e table
tre'bled t+e 8+ole t'e.
/. !artNeff as3edJ Can "o) ans8er ratonall"1 &2n& t+ree ra$s for
"es1 one for noW9 Yes.9 ,o "o) 8s+ to ans8er b" )sn& t+e al$+abetW9
Yes.9 ($ell "o)r na'e.9 T+e al$+abet 8as re$eated1 and t+e letters
ndcated b" t+ree ra$s%nastase PUrUl&)ne.9 I be& "o) to sa" no8
8+" "o) +a2e co'e and 8+at "o) desre.9 I a' a 8retc+ed 8o'an. Pra"
for 'e. Yesterda"1 d)rn& t+e da"1 I ded at t+e +os$tal. T+e da" before
"esterda" I $osoned '"self 8t+ 'atc+es.9 G2e )s so'e detals abo)t
"o)rself. -o8 old 8ere "o)W G2e a ra$ for eac+ "ear.9 (e2enteen ra$s.
6+o 8ere "o)W9 I 8as +o)se'ad. I $osoned '"self 8t+ 'atc+es.9
6+" dd "o) $oson "o)rselfW9 I 8ll not sa". I 8ll sa" not+n& 'ore.9
%fter t+s a +ea2" table 8+c+ 8as near t+e 8all1 o)tsde t+e c+an of
+ands1 ca'e )$ ra$dl" t+ree t'es1 to8ards t+e table ro)nd 8+c+ t+e c+an
8as 'ade1 and eac+ t'e t 8as $)s+ed bac38ards1 no one 3ne8 b" 8+at
'eans. (e2en ra$s (t+e s&nal a&reed )$on for t+e close of t+e sttn&) 8ere
no8 +eard n t+e 8allG and at **..> P./. t+e sUance ca'e to an end.
((&ned) %. (LEPVO41 !. TO:LO:C-E441 %. !%RTVE441 %.
IV%!O4.
I certf" t+at t+s co$" s n co'$lete accordance 8t+ t+e or&nal.
%. !%RTVE44.
*ocument II.T+e )nders&ned1 +a2n& been $resent at t+e sUance of
!o2e'ber *At+1 *AA=1 at t+e +o)se of /. %. !. !artNeff1 +ereb" certf" t+at
t+e" +ad no $re2o)s 3no8led&e of t+e e#stence or t+e deat+ of %nastase
PUrUl&)ne1 and t+at t+e" +eard +er na'e for t+e frst t'e at t+e abo2eC
'entoned sUance.
!. P. TO:LO:C-E441 %LE0I( !%RTVE441 %. (LEPVO41 %.
IV%!O4.
T%/BO41 Apri Bth, *A@>.
*ocument III.Letter of ,r. To)lo)c+eff to /. %. %3sa3off.
T%/BO41 rue du S;minaire, Apri *?th, *A@>.
(IR1%t t+e sttn& +eld at /. !artNeff5s +o)se1 !o2e'ber *At+1 *AA=1
8e rece2ed a co'')ncaton fro' an ntell&ence &2n& t+e na'e of
%nastase PUrUl&)ne. (+e as3ed )s to $ra" for +erG and sad t+at s+e +ad
$osoned +erself 8t+ l)cfer 'atc+es1 and +ad ded on t+e *=t+ of t+at
'ont+. %t t+e frst 'o'ent I dd not bele2e t+sG for n '" ca$act" as
$+"scan of t+e ')nc$alt" I a' at once nfor'ed b" t+e $olce of all
cases of s)cde. B)t snce PUrUl&)ne +ad added t+at +er deat+ +ad ta3en
$lace at t+e +os$talG and snce at Ta'bof 8e +a2e onl" one +os$tal1 t+at of
t+e Instt)tons de Benfasance19 8+c+ s n no 8a" 8t+n '" offcal
s)r2e"1 and 8+ose a)t+ortes1 n s)c+ cases as t+s1 t+e'sel2es send for t+e
$olce or t+e 'a&strateG +ii,JMI- I sent a letter to '" collea&)e1 ,r.
()ndblatt1 t+e +ead $+"scan of t+s +os$tal. 6t+o)t e#$lann& '"
reason1 I s'$l" as3ed +' to nfor' 'e 8+et+er t+ere +ad been an" recent
case of s)cde at t+e +os$tal1 and1 f so1 to &2e 'e t+e na'e and
$artc)lars. I +a2e alread" sent "o) a co$" of +s re$l"1 certfed b" ,r.
()ndblatt5s o8n s&nat)re. T+e or&nal s at /. !artNeff5s +o)se1 8t+ t+e
$rotocols of t+e sUances.
!. TO:LO:C-E44.
*ocument IV.Co$" of ,r. T+. ()ndblatt5s letter to ,r. To)lo)c+eff.
November *@th, *AA=.
/Y ,E%R COLLE%G:E1On t+e *Bt+ of t+s 'ont+ I 8as on d)t"G and
on t+at da" t8o $atents 8ere ad'tted to t+e +os$tal1 8+o +ad $osoned
t+e'sel2es 8t+ $+os$+or)s. T+e frst1 Vera Roso2tc+1 a&ed t+rt"Ce&+t1
8fe of a cler3 n t+e $)blc ser2ceY8as ta3en n at A P./.G t+e second1 a
ser2ant n t+e nsane 8ard La $art of t+e +os$talM1 %nastase PUrUl&)ne1
a&ed se2enteen1 8as ta3en n at *> P./. T+s second $atent +ad s8allo8ed1
besdes an nf)son of bo#es of 'atc+es1 a &lass of 3erosne1 and at t+e t'e
of +er ad'sson 8as alread" 2er" ll. (+e ded at * P./. on t+e *=t+1 and t+e
$ostC'orte' e#a'naton +as been 'ade toda". Roso2tc+ ded "esterda"1
and t+e $ost'orte' s f#ed for to'orro8. Roso2tc+ sad t+at s+e +ad
ta3en t+e $+os$+or)s n an e#cess of 'elanc+ol"1 b)t PUrUl&)ne dd not
state +er reason for $osonn& +erself.
T-. (:!,BL%TT.
Co$" of letter certfed b" T+. ()ndblatt and %le#s !artNeff.
*ocument V.Letter of /. %. !artNeff to /. %3sa3off1 /a" *Bt+1
*A@>.
L/. !artNeff 8rtes a letter n En&ls+ and one n 4renc+1 8+c+ I
abrd&e and co'bne.M
In ans8er to "o)r letter I nfor' "o) t+at '" a)nt5s +o)se3ee$er s not a
+o)se3ee$er strctl" s$ea3n&1 b)t rat+er a frend of t+e fa'l"1 +a2n& been
nearl" ffteen "ears 8t+ )s1 and $ossessn& o)r entre confdence. (+e co)ld
not +a2e alread" learnt t+e fact of t+e s)cde1 as s+e +as no relatons or
frends n Ta'bof1 and ne2er lea2es t+e +o)se.
T+e +os$tal n E)eston s st)ated at t+e ot+er end of t+e to8n1 abo)t
f2e 2ersts fro' '" +o)se. ,r. ()ndblatt nfor's 'e1 on t+e a)t+ort" of t+e
&roc=s verba of t+e nE)est1 t+at PUrUl&)ne 8as able to read and 8rte.
LT+s n ans8er to /. %3sa3off5s nE)r" 8+et+er t+e deceased co)ld +a2e
)nderstood al$+abetc co'')ncaton.M
(ttn&s 8ere +eld at Ta'bof1 %$rl *AA?KOctober *AA@1 b)t n no ot+er
nstance 8ere rref)table $roofs obtaned. Generall" t+e 'anfestatons 8ere
of a tr2al c+aracter. T8ce or t+rce 8e rece2ed co'')ncatons
a$$arentl" sero)s1 b)t on nE)r" t+ese 8ere fo)nd to be )ntr)e.
It s re'ar3able t+at t+s 2erdcal 'essa&e s+o)ld +a2e stood alone1 b)t
ts correctness ob2o)sl" 8as not d)e to c+ance.
)') B . 4ro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .A>KA<.
T+e follo8n& case 8as sent to )s b" ,r. -. ,. R. Rn&ston1 of /acra1
Elt+a'1 Rent1 an %ssocate of t+e (.P.R. Of t+e narrator1 /r. 4. -od&son1
+e sa"sJ
/r. 4. -od&son 8as t+en (*AA@) a $+oto&ra$+er at 6"nber&. -e +ad at
one t'e been e'$lo"ed as $+oto&ra$+er to t+e Chaenger e#$edton +ii,
JMJ- d)rn& $art of t+e 2o"a&e1 and +e +ad also &one n t+e sa'e ca$act"
8t+ /r. Pal&ra2e on a Co''sson to Great !a'aE)aland and to
,a'araland. I +a2e co$es of 'an" of t+e $+oto&ra$+s +e t+en too31 t+e
ne&at2es of 8+c+ are t+e $ro$ert" of t+e Colonal Go2ern'ent. I fo)nd
+' a caref)l and co'$etent 'an n de2elo$n& so'e scentfc $+oto&ra$+s
of '" o8n1 and also $artc)larl" ntell&ent1 and I s+o)ld sa" $erfectl"
tr)st8ort+" as a 8tness. Yo) 8ll see t+at +e +as 'ade )$ t+e case 8t+
so'e careY
-E!RY ,. R. RI!G(TO!1 /.,.
T+e narrat2e 8as enclosed n a letter to ,r. Rn&ston1 dated 6"nber&1
7)l" *A@>1 and s as follo8sJ
(tate'ent re c)ro)s 'anfestatons n +o)se of /rs. Ra'$1 be&nnn&
on n&+t of 7)ne *<t+1 and stll contn)n&1 t+o)&+ &reatl" d'ns+ed n
$o8er.
On (at)rda" n&+t1 7)ne *<t+1 *A@>1 %lda (o$+a Ra'$1 8do81
resdn& n 6olfe (treet1 6"nber&1 +er da)&+ter1 (o$+a %lda Ra'$1 and
Cat+erne /a+one"1 8+o resdes n t+e sa'e +o)se1 retred to rest at a lttle
before ** P./.1 and1 fro' t+e t'e of retrn& to rest )ntl t+at of rsn&1 8ere
)nable to slee$ on acco)nt of stran&e and )neart+l" noses1 for 8+c+ t+e"
co)ld fnd no e#$lanaton1 alt+o)&+ t+e" nstt)ted a r&oro)s searc+ for t+e
ca)se. T+e noses1 as t+e" descrbed t+e' to 'e ne#t 'ornn&1 rese'bled
t+e dra&&n& abo)t of c+ars n t+er bedroo's and t+e dra&&n& abo)t of
+ea2" bo#es o2er an )ne2en floor n t+e loft o2er t+er +eads. T+s loft1
8+c+ I 3no81 +a2n& been n t1 contans absol)tel" not+n& 8+c+ co)ld
acco)nt for t+e noses1 e2en +ad t+ere been an" one )$stars to dra&
an"t+n& t contaned abo)tG b)t o8n& to t+e 8a" n 8+c+ t+s loft s
fastened )$1 t 8o)ld +a2e been E)te '$ossble for an" one to enter t. I
co)ld not on t+e ()nda" 'ornn&1 fro' t+er descr$ton of 8+at t+e" +ad
+eard1 fnd an" ratonal sol)ton of t+e '"ster"1 and1 at t+er reE)est1
consented to occ)$" one of t+e bedroo's t+at n&+t (Sunday, *?th).
Before retrn&1 +o8e2er1 I s)&&ested t+at 8e s+o)ld +old a sUance n t+e
roo' n 8+c+ I 8as abo)t to slee$. T+s 8as a&reed to1 and 8e for'ed a
crcle consstn& of C+rstan Ra'$ (son of %lda (o$+a Ra'$)1 %lda
(o$+a Ra'$1 Cat+erne /a+one"1 and '"self1 and 7anet Ra'$1 8fe of
C+rstan Ra'$ (seatn& o)rsel2es aro)nd a s'all table). T+e table 2er"
s+ortl" s+o8ed an nclnaton to 'o2e abo)t1 and n fact dd s8a" abo)t
consderabl"1 b)t t+s 8as all 8e co)ld obtan1 so 8e dro$$ed t+e sttn&.
6e1 +o8e2er1 decded after delberaton to +old a sUance n t+e
adDonn& bedroo'1 b)t t+s t'e Cat+erne /a+one" declned to st1 so t+at
8e +ad onl" Lfo)rM o)t of t+e for'er Lf2eM stters. T+e res)lts 8ere1
+o8e2er1 better1 as 8e soon +ad dstnct ra$s and at once as3ed t+e
co'')ncatn& nfl)ence to ra$ t+ree t'es f t co)ld co'')ncate ts
na'e to )s f 8e establs+ed an eas" code. T+e t+ree ra$s ca'e at once1 and
I (8+o acted as cond)ctor) t+en as3ed t to &2e one rap at eac+ letter
for'n& ts na'e on '" &on& a)dbl" t+ro)&+ t+e al$+abet. T+e res)lt 8as
LE6I(1 8+c+ ca)sed /rs. %. (. Ra'$ to t+n3 t 8as +er de$arted
+)sband1 8+ose na'e +ad been Lo)s. T+s +"$ot+ess1 +o8e2er1 I 8as not
nclned to acce$t1 as I t+o)&+t +er +)sband1 f $resent1 8o)ld not +a2e
8ron&l" s$elt +s na'e. 6e1 +o8e2er1 co)ld not &et t+e nfl)ence to c+an&e
+s ort+o&ra$+"1 so 8e +ad to $roceed to as3 f t 8o)ld s$ell o)t an"
'essa&e b" t+e sa'e code1 to 8+c+ t+ree ra$s res$onded1 and 8e a&an
$roceeded. T+e res)lt 8as TO 6%R!1 at +ii,JMK- 8+c+ sta&e of t+e
$roceedn&s /rs. Ra'$ s+o8ed s&ns of &reat )neasness1 t+n3n& t+e
'essa&e 8as a 8arnn& of +er co'n& deat+1 and ben& stll $ers)aded t+at
+er late +)sband 8as co'')ncatn&. %s I dd not 3no8 $ost2el" to t+e
contrar"1 and 8as afrad so'e )n$leasant co'')ncaton 8as abo)t to be
&2en1 8e dro$$ed t+e sUance1 I ntendn& to res)'e t at so'e f)t)re t'e
8t+ stters not related to t+e fa'l".
(+ortl" after 8e all retred to o)r beds1 and I 3e$t a candle b)rnn& n
'" roo' )ntl $ast 'dn&+t1 as I +ad an nterestn& no2el to read. I t+en
ble8 t o)t and 8as aslee$ n a fe8 'n)tes. (+ortl" after . %./. (/onda") I
8as a8a3ened b" t+e so)nd of a c+ar ben& dra&&ed o2er t+e floor of t+e
roo' n 8+c+ I sle$t1 follo8ed al'ost ''edatel" b" a so)nd as of so'e
2er" +ea2" bod" ben& dra&&ed abo)t n a roo' o2er+ead (a 2er" lo)d nose
8+c+ 8o)ld +a2e a8a3ened an"bod"). /ss Ra'$ t+en called o)t fro' t+e
adDonn& roo'1 8+c+ 8as onl" d2ded fro' 'ne b" a 8ooden $artton1
,o "o) +ear t+e noseW 6+at can t beW9 7)st after s+e +ad s$o3en I +eard a
so)nd l3e a +alf f)ll bo# of 'atc+es falln& on t+e floor. I decded t 8as
abo)t t'e to &et )$ and n2est&ate1 so s$r)n& o)t of bed and felt for t+e
'atc+bo# n t+e candlestc3 and Lfo)ndM t 8as not t+ere. I +ad caref)ll"
$laced t t+ere on &on& to bed and 8as at a loss to acco)nt for ts
dsa$$earance. I +ad so'e ot+ers1 +o8e2er1 n t+e $oc3et of '" 8astcoat1
and 3no8n& 8+ere I +ad +)n& t+s &ar'ent I 8ent to t1 and ta3n& t+e
'atc+es o)t of t+e $oc3et1 str)c3 a l&+t and l&+ted t+e candle. I t+en fo)nd
t+e ot+er bo# of 'atc+es l"n& on t+e floor abo)t t8o feet fro' t+e
candlestc3. It see'ed to 'e also t+at a c+ar n t+e roo' occ)$ed a
so'e8+at dfferent $oston to 8+at t +ad done 8+en I fell aslee$1 b)t of
t+s I co)ld not be s)reG b)t1 to be s)re 8+et+er t 'o2ed a&an1 I $laced
so'e e'$t" scent bottles1 8+c+ I fo)nd on a s+elf1 one a&anst eac+ le& of
t+e c+ar. I t+en 8ent to slee$ a&an1 and on a&an 8a3n& fo)nd t+e c+ar
+ad been 'o2ed E)te fo)r nc+es to t+e !.6.1 as all t+e le&s 8ere a8a"
fro' t+e bottles I +ad $laced a&anst t+e'. Of co)rse1 as re&ards t+e falln&
of t+e 'atc+bo# and t+e act)al c+an&e of $oston of t+e c+ar1 I can onl"
&2e "o) '" )ns)$$orted test'on"1 b)t t+ose 8+o sle$t n t+e ne#t roo'
8ll be able to testf" to +a2n& +eard t+e a$$arent 'o2n& of t+e c+ar n
'" roo' before t+e" +eard 'e D)'$ )$ to n2est&ate. T+s occ)rred on
()nda" n&+t1 7)ne *?t+.
!o8 co'es t+e stran&est $art of t+e affar. :$ to t+s t'e none of )s
co)ld 'a3e o)t 8+" an" one of t+e na'e of Le8s s+o)ld dst)rb o)r rest1
as none of )s 8ere or +ad been nt'atel" acE)anted 8t+ an" one of t+at
na'e1 )nless 8e 8ere $re$ared to acce$t t+e 2er" +"$ot+etcal dea t+at t
8as t+e late /r. Ra'$1 8+o +ad for&otten +o8 to s$ell +s na'e $ro$erl" (a
t+eor" 8+c+ 8o)ld not +a2e sad ')c+ for t+e ed)catonal establs+'ents
of t+e s+ado8" land).
On /onda" 'ornn&1 7)ne *Bt+1 I &ot '" co$" of t+e Cape Times as
)s)al1 and1 a'on& ot+er te's of ne8s1 fo)nd an acco)nt of t+e deat+ of a
'an1 !%/E :!R!O6!1 8+o +ad been 3lled b" an en&ne1 on t+e n&+t
of t+e *<t+1 near 6oodstoc31 at abo)t A.<? P./. !one of )s at t+e t'e n
an" 8a" connected t+s 8t+ t+e noses 8+c+ +ad dst)rbed )s1 as t+ere 8as
no a$$arent connecton.
In T)esda"5s ss)e of t+e sa'e $a$er t+ere 8as t+e acco)nt of t+e
nE)est on t+s 'an 5sti name unBno#n6. On T)esda" e2enn& I 8as sttn&
n /rs. Ra'$5s s+o$1 8+en a colo)red 8o'an ca'e n and n t+e co)rse of
con2ersaton +ii,JML- sad1 ,d /rs. Ra'$ +ear of t+e 'an t+at 8as 3lled
on t+e ral8a" on (at)rda" n&+tW9 YesZ9 sad /rs. Ra'$1 I see t+e" don5t
3no8 8+o +e 8as.9 O+ "esZ9 sad t+e colo)red 8o'an1 +s na'e s 1im
.e#is. I 3no8 +'1 beca)se +e l2ed 8t+ '" sster.9 T+s set )s all on E)te
a ne8 trac31 and 8e be&an to 8onder 8+at connecton t+ere '&+t be
bet8een t+e e2ents. In fa2o)r t+ereof t+e facts 8ere t+eseJ
*. T+s 'an +ad been 3lled at A.<? P./. on t+e n&+t of t+e *<th.
.. /rs. Ra'$ dd not close +er s+o$ tll ten t+at n&+t1 and retred to rest
abo)t ele2en1 and fro' t+at +o)r t+e noses co''enced.
;. !one of )s +eard of t+e accdent )ntl 8e read of t on t+e *Bth.
<. !e2er )ntl t+e n&+t of t+e *<t+ +ad an" noct)rnal dst)rbances
occ)rred n t+e +o)se.
?. T+e dst)rbn& s$rt on t+e e2enn& of t+e *?th &a2e t+e na'e of
.e#is.
I s+o)ld +a2e 'entoned1 $er+a$s1 t+at on T)esda" n&+t1 *=t+ nst.1 8e
+eld anot+er sUance1 at 8+c+ C+rstan Ra'$1 /r. -a"1 and '"self sat. On
t+s n&+t also 8e &ot t+e na'e of .e#is s$elt o)t1 and t+e 'essa&e1 ( am
unhappy because they do not Bno# #ho ( am. On ben& nterro&ated
f)rt+er1 +e sad t+at +e 8as t+e s$rt of t+e 'an .e#is 3lled on t+e ral8a".
%t t+e t'e I dd not attac+ ')c+ '$ortance to t+s sUance1 as 8e &ot
scarcel" an"t+n& fres+1 b)t t s as 8ell to 'enton t.
T+)rsda"5s (*@t+) ss)e of Cape Times contaned t+e co'$leton of t+e
nE)est on t+s 'an1 and stated t+at +s na'e 8as RIC-%R, YO:!G.
/rs. Ra'$ t+en +ad anot+er nter2e8 8t+ t+e 8o'an (+s ssterCnCla8)
8+o +ad told +er (/rs. Ra'$) $re2o)sl" t+at t+e 'an5s na'e 8as 1im
.e#is, and as3ed +er 8+" s+e +ad sad +s na'e 8as .e#is, 8+en t t)rned
o)t +s na'e 8as Young. On t+s t+e 8o'an &ot E)te nd&nant1 and
declared $ost2el" t+at +s na'e 8as 1im .e#is, no 'atter 8+at na'e t+e
$a$er '&+t &2e +'G t+at s+e +ad 3no8n +' a lon& t'e1 as +e 8as +er
brot+erCnCla8.
I a' fns+n& t+s on 7)l" .<t+1 *A@>1 and t+e noct)rnal dst)rbances
stll contn)e n t+e +o)se of /rs. Ra'$1 and no a'o)nt of n2est&aton
can ass&n an" b)t a s$rt)al or&n to t+e'.
6e1 t+e )nders&ned1 +a2n& read t+e abo2e1 declare t to be a tr)e
acco)nt of t+e occ)rrences t+eren descrbed.
4RE,ERICR -O,G(O!.
(OP-I% %LI,% R%/P.
%LI,% (OP-I% R%/P.
R%TE /%-O!EY.
6e1 t+e )nders&ned1 declare t+at 8e sat at a sUance n t+e +o)se of /rs.
Ra'$ (%lda (o$+a Ra'$) on t+e n&+t of 7)ne *?t+1 *A@>1 and t+at 8e
+eard ra$s 8+c+ s$elt o)t t+e na'e of .e#is and t+e 8ords TO 6%R!.
4. -O,G(O!.
%LI,% (OP-I% R%/P.
C. 4. R%/P.
7. (. R%/P.
6e1 t+e )nders&ned1 sat at a sUance n t+e +o)se of /rs. Ra'$ (%lda
(o$+a Ra'$) on t+e n&+t of T)esda" (7)ne *=t+)1 and t+e na'e of .e#is
8as t+en s$elt o)t b" ra$s1 and t+e 'essa&e1 I a' )n+a$$" beca)se t+e"
don5t 3no8 8+o I a'19 and t+e co'')ncatn& nfl)ence f)rt+er stated t+at
+e +ad been 3lled b" an en&ne on t+e n&+t of t+e *<t+.
4RE,ERICR -O,G(O!.
C. 4. R%/P.
+ii,JMM-
6e1 t+e )nders&ned1 sat at a sUance on t+e n&+t of 6ednesda"1 7)ne
*At+1 n t+e +o)se of %lda (o$+a Ra'$1 and t+e co'')ncatn& nfl)ence
ra$$ed o)t t+e na'e of Le8s1 and stated t+at t 8as t+e s$rt of a 'an of
t+at na'e 8+o +ad been 3lled b" an en&ne on t+e n&+t of 7)ne *<t+.
4RE,ERICR -O,G(O!.
7. P. CR:(E.
C. %. LIET-%R.
C. 4. R%/P.
)') C . I 'a" +ere brefl" refer to t+e case of t+e 6oodd 3noc3n&s19
&2en n f)ll n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ?;AK<.. In se2eral fa'les
t+ere s a tradton t+at so'e s$ecal s&n $recedes or acco'$anes t+e
transton of t+e +ead of t+e +o)se1 or of certan of ts 'e'bersG and n t+e
case of t+e 6oodd fa'l" I +a2e rece2ed e2dence of t+e $ersstence of t+e
sa'e t"$e of 8arnn&98+c+ too3 t+e for' of 3noc3sd)rn& a $erod
of t+ree cent)res. (e2en cases 8ere recorded n detal res$ect2el" n abo)t
*BB*1 *BB<1 *B=<1 *=A<1 *A=.1 *A@;1 and *A@?. Of t+e t+ree 'ost recent
nstances crc)'stantal and corroborat2e e2dence s &2en1 8+c+ see's
to 'a3e t clear t+at t+e 3noc3s 8ere not ordnar" so)nds 'snter$reted.
()c+ cases s)&&est t+at t+ere 'a" be n so'e fa'les a +eredtar" a$tt)de
for t+e sa'e t"$e of $erc$ence.
)'9 A . T+e follo8n& s $art of an acco)nt 8+c+ 8as $rnted n t+e
1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. . $$. .*BK*@ (4ebr)ar" *AAA)1 +a2n& been f)rns+ed
to 'e at t+at t'e b" /rs. 4tNGerald of *@ Ca'brd&e (treet1 -"de Par3
(E)are1 London1 6.1 and +er son /r. ,es'ond 4tNGerald1 at one t'e a
'e'ber of t+e Co)ncl of t+e (.P.R. /rs. 4tNGerald re2sed t+e abstract of
+er $a$ers before t+e" 8ere $rnted n t+e 1ourna.
/rs. 4tNGerald and +er da)&+terCnCla81 /rs. ,es'ond 4tNGerald1
+a2e been for so'e "ears n t+e +abt of sttn& E)etl" to&et+er to rece2e
'essa&es b" sl&+t tlts of a table. /r. 4tNGerald +as occasonall" Doned
t+e &ro)$1 b)t stran&ers +a2e rarel" been ad'tted1 and t+e co'')ncatons
+a2e been t+ro)&+o)t of a 2er" $r2ate 3nd.Y
I cte a case n connecton 8t+ a /r. E.1an nt'ate frend of /rs.
4tNGerald5s18+ose tr)e na'e +as been co'')ncated to 'e.
/r. E.1 8+en on +s deat+bed1 sent for /rs. 4tNGerald to co'e and see
+'. (+e 2sted +' n +s c+a'bers n t+e %lban" and sad fare8ell1 +e
ben& t+en $ast +o$e1 and +s deat+ e#$ected at an" 'o'ent. -e blessed +er
and $ro'sed to 8atc+ o2er +er. %fter8ards +s s$rt 8as one of t+e
+abt)al and 'ost tr)sted co'')ncants1 and /rs. 4. bele2ed +erself able
to feel s)re of +s dentt" 8+en +e ca'e. %fter 'an" s)c+ 'essa&es1 s+e
all)ded one da" to +s deat+ n t+e %lban". I dd not de n t+e %lban"19
8as tlted o)t. (+oc3ed at 8+at see'ed t+e ntr)son of so'e l"n& s$rt n
t+e frend5s na'e1 /rs. 4. sole'nl" re$eated t+e E)eston1 Yo) ded n t+e
%lban"1 dd "o) notW9 T+e ans8er 8as an e'$+atc !o. T+s 8as re$eated
se2eral t'es1 and t+en /rs. 4. 8as so $aned and be8ldered at t+e
brea3do8n of +er c+ers+ed belef n t+s s$rt5s dentt" and tr)st8ort+ness
t+at for a consderable +ii,JMN- t'e s+e so)&+t no f)rt+er co'')ncaton.
(+e +ad no t+o)&+t of testn& t+e tr)t+ of t+e 'essa&e1 as s+e consdered
t+at s+e absol)tel" Bne# t+at /r. E. +ad ded n +s c+a'bers. It 8as not tll
so'e 'ont+s later t+at a co''on frend accdentall" 'entoned t+at /r. E.
+ad been re'o2ed fro' t+e %lban" at +s o8n 8s+1 8+en al'ost at t+e
$ont of deat+1 8t+ t+e dea t+at +e 8o)ld be better n)rsed n a $r2ate
+o)se.
It s dee$l" to be re&retted t+at /rs. 4. dd not nE)re fro' t+e
co'')ncatn& s$rt #here +e +ad ded. If t+e address +ad been &2en t+e
test 8o)ld +a2e been e#cellent. !o f)rt+er facts1 t a$$ears1 can no8 be &ot
fro' /r. E.5s s$rt. T+e concdence s t+erefore red)ced to a sn&le factG
b)t t+at one fact s a str3n& one1 and cannot be sad to +a2e been n /rs.
4tNGerald5s 'nd.
)'9 B . T+e follo8n& case 8as $rnted n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 for /a"
*A@@ (2ol. #. $$. B?KA)1 +a2n& been sent to )s b" /r. /c+ael Petro2oC
(olo2o2o1 of (t. Petersb)r&1 no8 -on. (ecretar" for R)ssa to t+e (.P.R.
/r. (olo2o2o 8rtesJ
In t+e follo8n& $a&es I +a2e endea2o)red to $resent all t+e e2dence
obtanable concernn& an nstance of an a)to'atc 'essa&e1 8+c+ a$$ears
at frst s&+t to be d)e to so'e ot+er ca)se t+an )nconsco)s cerebraton.9
T+e a'o)nt of nfor'aton )n3no8n contaned n t+e follo8n&
'essa&e s certanl" 2er" sl&+t1 b)t stll t+e )ne#$ectedness of t+e fact t+at
t 8as n t+e sea and not n a r2er t+at t+e solder 8as dro8ned 'a" be
consdered enttled to so'e 8e&+t. T+e 'ost nterestn& feat)re of t+e case1
+o8e2er1 a$$ears to 'e to +a2e been t+e crc)'stance t+at t+e 'ed)'s dd
not see t+e letters of t+e al$+abet. T+s s stated b" bot+ of t+e' as 8ell as
b" t+e t+rd $erson $resent at t+e sttn&.Y
!o81 a 'essa&e obtaned )nder s)c+ condtons 8o)ld n2ol2e at t+e
2er" least tele$at+" n a stran&el" contn)o)s for' fro' /. (tarc3 Lto +s
8fe and da)&+terMG and 'a3es t ncreasn&l" $ossble t+at t+e 2erdcal9
$art of t+e co'')ncaton 'a" +a2e s$r)n& fro' a s)$ernor'al so)rce tooG
8+lst ot+er8se 8e '&+t +a2e $)t t do8n 8t+ 'ore $la)sblt" et+er to
)nconsco)s reasonn& or to c+ance concdence.
/ost of t+e (3r"tn3off case9 as $resented +ere a$$eared n !o. <A of
t+e 7ebus (a R)ssan ($rtstc $a$er1 t+e edtor of 8+c+ s 8ell 3no8n to
'e)1 n *A@A.Y
,OC:/E!T I.
80tract $rom a etter by .ieut.,Co. StarcB to )aron N. 7ausch von
Traubenberg. 7ebus, !o. <A1 *A@A1 $. <*=.
On 7an)ar" ..nd1 *A@A1 I 'ade V and 7
*
st do8n at a table. I
8rote do8n t+e al$+abet1 $laced )$on t a sa)cer 8t+ a $onter and t+er
+ands )$on tand t+e 8rtn& be&an. T+o)&+ a fr' bele2er1 fro' 8+at I
+ad read1 n 'ed)'stc $+eno'ena1 I 8as stll a'aNed. I banda&ed t+er
e"es 8t+ t+e sa'e res)ltG t+e letters are $onted o)t e#actl" and correctl"G
t+e 'ental contents are $resent. !o trance. %ll t+e 8rters are n a $erfectl"
nor'al state. T+e" are 3ee$n& t+er +ands on t+e sa)cer 8t+ e"es
blndfoldedG +ii,JMO- I read and 8rte do8n. I $)t do8n E)estons alo)d or
n 8rtn&1 and &et ans8ers 8+c+ I do not e#$ect1 and t+e contents of 8+c+
do not corres$ond to et+er V.5s or 7.5s 'ental le2el. I a' loo3n& )$on t as a
'"stfcatonb" 8+o'1 I do not 3no8Gt+en s)ddenl" 8e &etJ I +a2e
t+e +ono)r to $resent '"self1 Yo)r -&+ !oblt"1
*
(3r"tn3off.9 T+s
a$$eared so )ne#$ectedl" and +ad s)c+ a 'eann& t+at I +ad to &et )$ fro'
Ls+eerM e'oton and to s)s$end t+e sttn& for abo)t f2e 'n)tes.
(3r"tn3off 8as a solder 8+o +ad ser2ed n '" re&'ent +ere1 n Ca)casa1
and 8as dro8ned n PNeN)a$$e r2er n 7)ne or 7)l" of last "ear 8+en I 8as
no 'ore on act2e ser2ceG I +ad learnt abo)t t+s e2ent b" accdent1 and +ad
onl" once s$o3en abo)t t n t+e a)t)'n. 6e st do8n at t+e sa)cer a&an
and &etJ I 8as dro8ned n t+e sea1 far a8a".9 I feel $er$le#ed. 4ro' 8+at
+ad been co'')ncated to 'e at t+e t'e of t+e occ)rrence I t+o)&+t +e +ad
been dro8ned n t+e r2er. T+en I &etJ ,o)bo23 (t+e local c+ef of dstrct1
i.e. pristav). Go to +'.9 In t+e 'ornn& I &o to ,o)bo231 and 8t+o)t
sa"n& 8+at t+e 'atter 8as1 I as3 8+et+er +e 3no8s an"t+n& abo)t
(3r"tn3off 8+o 8as dro8nedand rece2e1 as I e#$ected1 a ne&at2e
ans8er1 beca)se n s)c+ cases nE)ests1 &c.1 are +eld b" t+e 'ltar"
a)t+ortes t+e'sel2es. ,)rn& o)r con2ersaton n t+e offce t+e secretar"
nterferes and sa"sJ !o1 I t+n3 t+ere s so'et+n& abo)t (3r"tn3off n t+e
$a$ers.9 % searc+ s 'ade n t+e $a$ers and a proc=s verba fo)nd b" t+e
balff or desiatniB of LaNare2s3Q 2lla&e1 of no s$ecal '$ortance1 b)t n
8+c+ t+e sentence occ)rredJ T+e +orse s8a' o)t1 b)t +e L(3r"tn3offM
8as carred nto t+e sea.9 !o8 t+s s 2er" nat)ralJ t+e r2er1 8+c+ s
&enerall" s+allo81 b)t s8ft and dee$ d)rn& +&+ 8ater1 ')st +a2e carred
+' nto t+e sea.
,OC:/E!T II.
80tract $rom .ieut.,Co. StarcBQs etter to 2. ABsaBo$$, dated Sept. Kth
\GMth_, *A@A. Sotchi \)acB Sea province%TchernomorsBaya Youbernia_.
7ebus, No. <A1 *A@A1 $. <*=.
(IR1/" relat2e1 Baron !. %. Ra)sc+ 2on Tra)benber&1 +as nfor'ed
'e of "o)r 8s+ to $rnt t+e contents of '" letter to +' concernn& t+e
solder (3r"tn3off 8+o 8as dro8ned1 and +as as3ed 'e to send "o) '"
consent. T+s I do at $resent 8t+1 of co)rse1 '" 8+ole s&nat)reG and be&
"o)s+o)ld t be of nterestto a$$end to '" letterJ (*) %n attestaton b"
,o)bo231 t+e t+en c+ef of t+e (otc+ dstrctG (.) a co$" of t+e proc=s
verba/ and (;) t+e or&nal leaf of $a$er 8t+ t+e notes of t+e sttn&.Y In
t+e or&nal Lacco)ntM of t+e sttn& t+e s&nat)re L(.5sM s )nfns+ed beca)se
I &ot )$ fro' t+e table n &reat e#cte'entG I 8as str)c3 b" t+e
)ne#$ectedness and t+e realt" of t+e 'essa&e1 t+o)&+ I +ad read al'ost
e2er"t+n& on t+e s)bDect and felt E)te s)re of t+e $ossblt" of s)c+
$+eno'ena. T+e follo8n& 8ords 8ere obtaned after I +ad sat do8n at t+e
table a&anG '" 8fe and da)&+ter +a2n& not left t+e table at all. I onl" told
t+e' t+ere 8as so'et+n& con2ncn& n t+e 'essa&e. T+en I 8as e#tre'el"
astons+ed b" t+e nfor'aton as to +s +a2n& been dro8ned n t+e sea1
8+lst I 8as E)te s)re t+s +ad occ)rred n t+e r2er1 as t+e onl" nfor'aton
I +ad accdentall" +ad on t+e s)bDect fro' a for'er collea&)e of 'ne 8as
to t+e effect t+at (3r"tn3off 8as dro8ned n PNeN)a$$e r2er1 +s c+efs
ben& con2nced of t tll no8. I 3ne8 no detals 8+ate2er abo)tY
(3r"tn3off1 and onl" t+e dea as to +s +a2n& been dro8ned n a +ii,JNP-
r2er co)ld +a2e or&nated n '" +ead and a'on& '" +o)se+oldand t+s
onl" as a transtor" lon& snce for&otten '$ressonG t 8as once 'entoned
n t+e a)t)'n1 and I a' not e2en E)te s)re of t.
T+e proc=s verba &a2e 'e b)t lttle t+at 8as ne81 b)t t+e 8ords +e
8as carred a8a" b" t+e 8ater nto t+e sea19 &a2e '" t+o)&+ts an '$)lse
Ln t+e drectonM t+at t +ad act)all" been so1 i.e. t+at +e 8as dro8ned n t+e
seaJ t+ere s not 'ore t+an +alf a 2erst fro' t+e s$ot 8+ere t+e r2er s
crossed to t+e sea1 t ben& a 'o)ntan strea' and n +&+ 8ater. Of co)rse
+e 8as E)c3l" carred nto t+e seaG +s 8ea$on (a sabre1 I t+n3) ben&
fo)nd cast as+ore on t+e sea coast1 not far fro' t+e r2er. % "ear before I
+ad been +s c+ef1 and a' s)re +e felt 3ndl" to8ards 'e as t+e ot+er
solders dd.
T+e $resent 'essa&e 8as1 I t+n31 obtaned at t+e t+rd sUance. T+e
condtons 8ere as follo8sJ t+e al$+abet 8rtten1 not n order1 on a leaf of
$a$er1 and a sa)cer 8t+ a $onter )$on tG '" 8fe and da)&+ter1 8t+ e"es
blndfolded1 3e$t t+er +ands )$on t+e sa)cer1 and I 8rote do8n t+e letters.
Y
L/. (tarc3 f)rt+er states t+at +s da)&+ter s no8 s#teen and n &ood
+ealt+.M
L(&nedM !. (T%RCR.
/. (tarc35s letter 8as follo8ed n t+e 7ebus b" a co$" of t+e proc=s
verba dra8n )$ b" /o)+ortoff1 a $olce offcal1 8+c+ states t+at n t+e
n&+t of (e$te'ber =t+ (*@t+) Peter (3r"tn3off1 a solder of t+e Vardon"
'ltar" $ost1 8+en crossn& PNeN)a$$e r2er1 8as carred a8a" b" t+e 8ater
to&et+er 8t+ t+e +orse1 8+c+1 +o8e2er1 esca$ed and 8as ta3en c+ar&e of
b" solders of t+e LaNare2s3Q $ostG as for (.1 +e 8as carred a8a" b" t+e
8ater nto t+e sea19 and +s bod" ne2er fo)nd1 t+o)&+ caref)ll" searc+ed for.
T+e 7ebus also &a2e a state'ent b" /. ,o)bo23 confr'ator" of /.
(tarc35s acco)nt of +s 2st to +' t+e da" after t+e sttn&J proc=s verba of
(3r"tn3off5s deat+ fo)nd1 &c.
In re$l" to /r. (olo2o2o5s E)estons1 /. (tarc3 nfor'ed +' t+at +s
8fe and da)&+ter 3ne8 (3r"tn3off1 +a2n& seen +' se2eral t'esG also
t+at +e +'self dd not to)c+ t+e sa)cer d)rn& t+e co'')ncaton. /'e.
and /dlle. (tarc3 also sent /r. (olo2o2o state'ents 8+c+ +e co'bned
nto one as follo8sJ
1anuary *.l.<1 *A@@. (OTC-I.
6e fnd /. (tarc35s acco)nt concernn& a co'')ncaton fro' t+e
solder (3r"tn3off 8+o 8as dro8ned1 $rnted n 7ebus, !o. <A1 *A@A1 to be
correct. ,)rn& t+e ncdent descrbed o)r e"es 8ere banda&ed and 8e
$ost2el" co)ld not see t+e al$+abet.
)*0 A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt (ta3en fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $.
.A<) s translated and abrd&ed fro' t+e Cessio Spiritista for 7)ne *@>>1
8+ere t a$$eared )nder t+e ttle of % Good Proof of ($rt Identt".9
!%PLE(1 1anuary .>th L*@>>M.
On t+e e2enn& of 7an)ar" *.t+1 *@>>1 d)rn& t+e )s)al 8ee3l" sttn&1
n t+e $resence of (&. G. V. de ('one1 +s 8fe and t8o "o)n& da)&+ters1
C. +ii,JNG- Orsn and t+e $resent 8rter1 a &ood $roof of dentt" 8+c+ +ad
been asBed $or 8as rece2ed fro' t+e s$rt of %rt)ro de Ca$)a. It +ad been
as3ed for )nder condtons 8+c+ e#cl)ded e2er" $ossblt" of 2ol)ntar" or
n2ol)ntar"1 consco)s or )nconsco)s s)&&eston1 as t 8as '$ossble t+at
8+at 8as )n3no8n and al8a"s +ad been )n3no8n to all $resent s+o)ld be
L(&nedM

7E%!!ETTE (T%RCR.
VE!%},E (T%RCR.
s)&&ested1 and t+s 'a3es t of 'ore 2al)e t+an a 2ol)nteered $roof1 8+c+
'&+t +a2e been $re$ared before+and b" t+e 'ed)'.
T+s s$rt of %rt)ro +as &2en n 'an" sttn&s 'an" 'oral and
ntellect)al $roofs of +s $ersonalt" 8+c+ 8ere reco&nsed b" +s 'ot+er
and brot+er %2o. G. de Ca$)a. T+e !ea$oltan 2erses 8+c+ +e '$ro2sed
(and I sa" '$ro2sed1 beca)se t+e s)&&eston 8as 'ade at t+e 'o'ent)1
8rtten 8t+ e#tre'e ra$dt" t+ro)&+ t+e 'ed)' (&norna O. de (.1
rese'ble closel" n for' and 'atter t+ose 8rtten b" +' d)rn& +s lfe on
eart+.
Proofs of t+s sort1 +o8e2er1 alt+o)&+ $er+a$s con2ncn& to t+ose
$resent are of lttle 2al)e to stran&ers1 8+o 8ant records of facts 8+c+
e#cl)de an" s)c+ +"$ot+ess as tele$at+" or selfCs)&&eston on t+e $art of
t+e 'ed)'. T+erefore on t+s e2enn& I as3ed t+e s$rt of %rt)ro f +e +ad
an" $recse recollectons of +s eart+l" e#stence1 and f +e co)ld &2e 'e
so'e fact1 of +s o8n c+oce.
-e ans8ered 'e b" a)to'atc 8rtn& t+)sJ /" dear Ca2all1 I +a2e1 t
s tr)e1 ad2ancedG b)t I reco&nse "o)1 n a state of cal' 8+c+ I +a2e
acE)red1 and 8+c+ for'erl" I dd not $ossessG as for '" re'e'brances1
3no8 t+at not onl" does t &2e 'e &reat fat&)e to recall t+e'1 b)t t also
ca)ses 'e &reat $anG and t s for t+s reason t+at I rarel" see3 to re22e
t+e'.9
T+en I re$led t+at I dd not 8s+ to ca)se +' $an1 and 8o)ld content
'"self 8t+ as3n& +' to &2e t+e na'es +e re'e'bered of +s dearest
frends.
!one of t+ose $resent +ad 3no8n %rt)ro 8+en l2n&1 ')c+ less t+e
$ersons or na'es of $ersons 8t+ 8+o' +e 8as acE)anted. (o t+s 8o)ld
be a &ood $roof. T+e s$rt 8lln&l" assented. %fter a s+ort t'e +e 8rote
8t+ +s acc)sto'ed ra$dt"J E'la1 Paolo1 Elena1 %nnna1 and t+e lad"
8+o &a2e 'e t+e c&arette1 and 8+ose na'e I cannot recall1 T+ose are t+e
$eo$le of 8+o' I 8as 2er" fond1 after '" nt'ate frends1 and 8+o are stll
dear to 'e.9 (o far &ood1 b)t t+e best $art s stll 8antn&19I obser2ed
t+e s)rna'es. ,o "o) re'e'ber t+e'W9 Yes.9 Can "o) and 8ll "o)
&2e t+e'W9 I cannot.9 %t least tell 'e f t+e fo)r na'es +a2e dfferent
s)rna'es.9 -e ans8ered t+at t+e t8o frst +ad dfferent s)rna'es1 and t+e
t8o last t+e sa'e. I''edatel" after8ards +e e#$ressed a desre to 8rte
a&an and 8rote1 I add to t+ese Carlo Rcc1 8+o' I stll lo2e so ')c+G do
not be so e#actn&1 do "o) )nderstandW9 T+e s$rt nssted t+at all t+s 8as
correct and e#$ressed an&er 8+en I do)bted t.
%s soon as I sa8 +s brot+er1 G)&lel'o1 I s+o8ed +' t+e
co'')ncatons. T+e" 8ere a absol)tel" correct, t+e na'es &2en1 and t+e
lad" of t+e c&arette1 b)t Carlo Rcc str)c3 +' abo2e e2er"t+n&Z -e 8as
%rt)ro5s dearest frend19 +s brot+er told 'e.
%lt+o)&+ older t+an %rt)ro1 Carlo Rcc and +s fat+er +ad al8a"s +ad
t+e &reatest consderaton for +'1 and %rt)ro 8as de2oted to t+e' bot+ and
$referred t+er co'$an" to an" ot+er.
%rt)ro5s 'ot+er1 8+o' I also E)estoned1 confr'ed e2er"t+n& t+at +er
son G)&lel'o +ad sad.Y
+ii,JNH-
B)t to ret)rn to t+e co'')ncaton &2en b" t+e s$rt of %rt)ro on t+e
e2enn& of t+e *.t+1 8e can add anot+er 2al)able $artc)lar. -e &a2e t+e
na'es of fo)r $ersons1 as 8e +a2e sadG a'on& t+ese 8as one Paolo. 6+en
as3ed abo)t +' at a follo8n& sttn& +e ans8ered b" a)to'atc 8rtn&J
Paolo s t+e fat+er of t+e lo2el" !annnella.9 T+s 8as correct1 and 8+en
as3ed for so'e f)rt+er $artc)lars of t+e lad" 8+o &a2e +' t+e c&arettes
a'on&st ot+er t+n&s1 8+et+er t+ere 8ere dear frends of t+e lad"5s l2n& n
t+e sa'e $lace 8t+ +er1+e ans8eredJ T+e lad" +as dear frends near +er1
and t+e" are of '" fa'l".9 Bot+ t+ese facts +ad been absol)tel" correct at
t+e t'e of +s deat+. B)t t+e nterestn& $ont s t+st+at 8+en as3ed to
na'e frends l2n& n t+e sa'e $lace as t+e lad"1 +e na'ed +s fa'l".
T+ose $resent at t+e sttn&1 and all 8+o 3ne8 %rt)ro5s fa'l"1 3ne8 t+at for
so'e 'ont+s t+e" +ad c+an&ed t+er +o'e. T+e s$rt1 +o8e2er1 a$$arentl"
D)d&n& fro' t+e $ast1 dd not t+n3 of t+er $resent c+an&ed +abtaton1 and
concl)ded t+at t+e" 8ere stll l2n& near t+e lad".
V. C%V%LLI.
%s 8tness of t+e facts narrated abo2e1 I affr' t+at t+e" are $erfectl"
tr)e.
C. OR(I!I.
('lar test'ones are &2en b" VncenNo de ('one and G)&lel'o de
Ca$)a.
)*1 A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *.<K.=1 E)oted fro' The
'oy Truth, b" -)&+ 7)nor Bro8ne1 $$. B;K=*.
In t+s La)to'atc 8rtn&M 8e 8ere )ns)ccessf)l1 )ntl t ca'e to t+e
t)rn of '" eldest da)&+ter1 a &rl of ele2en "ears of a&e1 to ta3e t+e $encl n
+and. I''edatel" on +er don& so +er +and 8as nfl)enced to 8rte1
ca)sn& +er to be consderabl" alar'ed. (+e called o)t1 O+1 'a''aZ I a'
so fr&+tened1 '" +and s 'o2n&.9 6e all $acfed +er as ')c+ as $ossble1
and on ta3n& )$ t+e $a$er 8e fo)nd +er +and +ad 8rtten on t E)te
le&bl"1 t+o)&+ n rat+er tre')lo)s c+aracters1 E)te dfferent fro' +er
ordnar" 8rtn&1 t+e follo8n& sentenceJ -elen1 Grace1 Bro8ne1 I a'
co'e to see "o). Yo)r belo2ed a)nt. Yo) 8ll19 &c.1 &c. T+e re'ander of
t+e 8rtn& 8as too fant to dec$+er. T+e na'e 8rtten abo2e s t+at of '"
second da)&+ter1 bet8een f2e and s# "ears of a&e1 8+o s called after t8o
of +er a)nts1 '" sstersG one of 8+o'1 t+e 8fe of an offcer n t+e Indan
ar'"1 $assed a8a" 'an" "ears a&o1 +a2n& ded on +er $assa&e +o'e fro'
Inda1 and 8+ose s$rt 8e after8ards ascertaned nfl)enced t+e &rl5s +and
to 8rte t+s 'essa&e to +er lttle nece and na'esa3e. 6e +ad a n)'ber of
co'')ncatons t+ro)&+ t+e sa'e so)rce t+at e2enn& fro' dfferent s$rtC
frends1 and snce t+at t'e1 e#ce$t on t8o occasons1 8+en s+e sad s+e felt
no nfl)ence (a reason for 8+c+ after8ards 8as &2en)1 8+ene2er '" eldest
&rl sts do8n for t+e $)r$ose of co'')ncatn& 8t+ o)r s$rtCfrends1 +er
+and s al'ost ''edatel" nfl)enced to 8rte. -er +and +as 8rtten as
'an" as fort" $a&es of lar&e note$a$er 8t+n +alfCanC+o)r1 8+c+ n +er
ordnar" +and8rtn& 8o)ld ta3e +er se2eral +o)rs to co$".
/" da)&+ter s E)te )na8are of 8+at s+e s 8rtn& and descrbes t+e
sensaton of t+e nfl)ence as t+o)&+ electrct" 8ere r)nnn& do8n +er ar'
fro' t+e s+o)lder. T+s s 8+at s ter'ed 'ec+ancal 8rtn& 'ed)'s+$.
(+e often 8rtes far be"ond +er o8n $o8ers of co'$re+enson on s)bDects
of 8+c+ s+e +as not t+e least conce$ton1 s$elln& 8ords correctl" 8+c+
s+e does +ii,JNI- not )nderstand1 and of 8+c+1 8+en read o2er1 s+e
nE)res t+e 'eann&s)c+ 8ords as clar2o"antl"1 $+"scall"1 &c. %t ot+er
t'es s+e s$ells s'all 8ords ncorrectl" 8+c+ n +er ordnar" 8rtn& s+e
8o)ld s$ell correctl". (+e +as 8rtten n 4renc+1 of 8+c+ lan&)a&e s+e
3no8s b)t t+e r)d'entsG s+e +as 8rtten n C+nese c+aracters1 and also n
t+e Raffr lan&)a&e1 of net+er of 8+c+ does s+e )nderstand a 8ord. (+e
+as 8rtten n blan3 2erse1 8+c+1 t+o)&+ t 8o)ld not stand t+e scr)tn" of a
crtc1 s decdedl" be"ond +er $o8ers n t+s lne1 s+e ben& 'ore of a ro'$
t+an a st)dent.
/" da)&+ter +as freE)entl" been nfl)enced to 8rte 'essa&es to
stran&ers fro' t+er s$rtCfrends1 &2n& t+e' $artc)lars abo)t t+n&s of
8+c+ s+e co)ld not $ossbl" 3no8 an"t+n&1 and s&nn& correctl" t+e
na'es of t+er s$rtCfrends n s$rtClfe of 8+o' s+e +ad ne2er before
+eard. -er 'ot+er and I +a2e t+o)&+t of a E)eston to $)t to one of o)r
s$rtCfrends 8+en s+e 8as not $resent1 and calln& +er nto t+e roo' +a2e
&2en +er a $encl and $a$er1 and s+e +as 8rtten a correct re$l" to t+e
E)eston 'entall" as3ed1 and s&ned t+e na'e of t+e s$rtCfrend of 8+o'
8e t+o)&+t. (+e can 8rte et+er loo3n& a8a" fro' or on to t+e $a$er. %
dfference can be seen n t+e 8rtn& fro' eac+ of o)r s$rtCfrends. If I see
e2en t+e 8ord "es9 8rtten t+ro)&+ +er1 I can &enerall" tell 8+at s$rt s
nfl)encn& t+e 'ed)'5s +and. I +a2e seen +er 8rte t+e letters )$sde
do8n1 bac38ards1 leftC+anded1 and n 2aro)s 8a"s E)te '$ossble for t+e
c+ld to do +erself1 and so'et'es so fast "o) can +ardl" see +er +and Don
t+e letters1 and at ot+er t'es slo8G so'et'es n a 2er" s'all +and1 at
ot+ers n bold te#tC8rtn&.
On one occason t 8as 8rtten t+ro)&+ '" da)&+ter5s +and t+at I 8as to
ta3e a bottle of a s$ecfc I +a2e for r+e)'ats' to a /r. Reed1 drectn& 'e
to nE)re at a s+o$ n t+e ne#t street to 8+ere +e )sed to l2e and I 8o)ld be
drected to 8+ere +e t+en resded. I +ad for'erl" &2en a 'an of t+s na'e
so'e of t+s '#t)re1 8+c+ +ad rele2ed +' of t+e $an1 b)t +ad not seen
or +eard of +' for 'ont+s1 and I 8as not a8are t+at +e +ad re'o2ed fro'
8+ere +e t+en l2ed. On calln& at +s for'er resdence I fo)nd +e +ad
re'o2ed1 and on calln& as nstr)cted at t+e s+o$ ndcated I 8as told 8+ere
Reed t+en l2ed. I fo)nd +' confned to +s bed1 s)ffern& ac)tel" fro'
r+e)'ats'1 and &a2e +' t+e s$ecfc.
I 'a" 'enton anot+er ncdent 8+c+ occ)rred. One da" 8+en o)t
8al3n& 8t+ '" 8fe I 'et a blac3 'an 8+o' I +ad ne2er seen before1 b)t
8+o' I reco&nsed as a Raffr fro' lar&e +oles 'ade n +s ears $ec)lar to
t+at race. I accosted +' n +s nat2e ton&)e1 at 8+c+ +e see'ed rat+er
s)r$rsed1 and I &a2e +' '" address1 telln& +' to call on 'e. T+s +e dd
D)st as 8e 8ere sttn& do8n to n2est&ate t+s s)bDect. I told t+e ser2ant to
s+o8 +' nto t+e roo'1 and on as3n& f an" of +s s$rtCfrends 8ere
$resent1 '" da)&+ter5s +and 8rote o)t se2eral Raffr na'es1 8+c+ on '"
readn& o)t to +' +e reco&nsed1 and 8+c+ e2dentl" ca)sed +' &reat
astons+'ent. On as3n& f t+e" +ad an" 'essa&e for +'1 a sentence 8as
8rtten n t+e Raffr lan&)a&e1 so'e of t+e 8ords of 8+c+ 8ere be"ond '"
co'$re+enson. On '" readn& t+e 'essa&e o)t to t+e Raffr +e )nderstood
e2er" 8ord of t e#ce$t one. T+s I $rono)nced n 2aro)s 8a"s to tr" to
'a3e +' co'$re+end1 b)t all to no $)r$ose1 8+en '" da)&+ter5s +and 8as
nfl)enced to 8rte1 Clc3 8t+ t+e 'o)t+.9 T+s re'nded 'e of a $ec)lar
clc3 8+c+ freE)entl" acco'$anes t+e so)ndn& of t+e letter T9 n t+e
Raffr lan&)a&e1 and on '" $rono)ncn& t+s 8ord +e )nderstood t+e
'eann& of t at once. I 'a" state +ii,JNJ- '" da)&+ter does not 3no8 a
8ord of Raffr1 +a2n& been born se2eral "ears after I 8as last n t+at
co)ntr". I nE)red 8+o nfl)enced +er +and to 8rte1 as t+e art of 8rtn& s
&enerall" )n3no8n to Raffrs1 and 8as nfor'ed '" old frend -.(.1 8+ose
nat2e na'e 8as !onE)a'been19 +ad 8rtten t+e 'essa&e at t+e reE)est of
t+e Raffr5s s$rtCfrends. I 'a" add -.(. 8as a 8ellCed)cated 'an1 8+ose
'e'or" I +old n re&ard1 and 8+o 8+en n t+s lfe co)ld tal3 t+e Raffr
lan&)a&e farl"1 +a2n& been an old settler n !atal. I e#$laned to '" Raffr
2stor t+at t+e Insleseea1 or so)ls of +s frends1 8ere $resent1 at 8+c+ +e
see'ed rat+er terrfed. I ass)red +' t+ere 8ere n)'bers of '" s$rtC
frends $resent also1 and t+at '" c+ldren freE)entl" descrbed bot+ t+e
s$rts of '" frends and of so'e of +s co)ntr"'en 8+o 8ere n '"
e'$lo"1 and ot+ers 8+o' I 3ne8 'an" "ears a&o. T+s onl" see'ed to
ncrease +s fear. I t+n3 I +a2e referred to C+nese +a2n& been 8rtten
t+ro)&+ '" da)&+ter5s +and '$erfectl"1 and on '" re'ar3n& t+at I dd not
t+n3 t 8as l3e t+e C+nese c+aracters1 I 8as nfor'ed b" one of '"
%n&lcan s$rtCfrends t+at t 8as t+e frst t'e t+e C+nese s$rt +ad
nfl)enced a 'ed)' to 8rte1 and t+at +e 8o)ld '$ro2e b" $ractce. On
s+o8n& t to a C+nese (t+ere 8ere t+rteen or fo)rteen $a&es of t) +e co)ld
not 'a3e o)t 'an" of t+e c+aracters1 b)t +ere and t+ere +e sad1 T+at
'eans so)nd19 T+at 'eans t8ent"19 and so on1 and re'ar3ed1 T+s l3e
lttle C+na bo"5s 8rtn&1 not 3no8 8rte &ood.9
One da"1 8+le rece2n& co'')ncatons t+ro)&+ '" da)&+ter5s +and. I
obser2ed 8rtten1 P)t do8n t+at balloon.9 I re'ar3ed to '" 8fe1 6+at
on eart+ +a2e t+e" to do 8t+ balloons n s$rtClfeW9 (+e s'led1 and told
'e t+at o)r da)&+ter +ad n +er left +and one of t+ose $n3 ndaCr)bber to"
balloons1 8+c+ s+e1 c+ldl3e1 +ad been tr"n& to nflate 8t+ +er breat+
8+lst +er r&+t +and 8as 8rtn& t+e co'')ncatons. I 8as sttn& on t+e
'ed)'5s r&+tC+and sde1 and 8as so nterested n t+e co'')ncatons as
8rtten t+at I +ad not ta3en notce 8+at s+e 8as don& 8t+ +er left +and1 on
8+c+ sde '" 8fe sat. %t anot+er t'e1 n re$l" to a E)er" b" 'e on so'e
dee$ t+eolo&cal 'atter1 t+ro)&+ '" da)&+ter5s +and t 8as 8rtten1 -o8
can "o) e#$ect an ans8er to s)c+ a E)eston t+ro)&+ a c+ld5s
or&ansatonW9 I +a2e se2eral rea's of $a$er flled 8t+ co'')ncatons
rece2ed t+ro)&+ '" da)&+ter5s +and.
T+e ncdent of t+e "o)n& c+ld5s 8rtn& s &2en n t+e sa'e boo3 ($.
=*)1 ben& t+en of E)te recent date. I 8ll1 +o8e2er1 &2e +ere t+e acco)nt1
of co)rse ')c+ later1 b)t concordant1 and n so'e $onts f)ller1 8+c+ 8as
&2en to 'e at t+e nter2e8 'entoned n secton )*1.
<ctober ;rd, *A@*.
6+en o)r da)&+ter !ell" 8as nearl" f2e "ears old1 s+e +ad not learned
a sn&le letter of +er al$+abet. (+e +ad certanl" rece2ed no nstr)cton
8+ate2er. One da" +er elder sster 8as 8rtn& a)to'atcall". To $lease t+e
c+ld1 8e $)t a $encl n +er +and. Presentl" 8e obser2ed t+at s+e +ad
8rtten so'e 8ords1 and on loo3n& 8e sa8 t+at t+e 8ords 8ere1 I a' a
'es'erc 'ed)'.9 L6ords I a' a9 not $resent n earler acco)nt.M (+e
+ad been )nder o)r e"es all t+e t'e. T+e 8ords 8ere 8rtten n a s'all
an&)lar lad"5s +and8rtn&. I t+en as3ed '" elder da)&+ter5s &)de19 t+e
late ,r. Godfre" -o8tt1 to e#$lan t+s. Instead of t+e acc)sto'ed 8rtn&1
a 'essa&e ca'e +ii,JNK- n t+e 8rtn& of '" elder sster1 t+e late /rs.
Colonel Relso1 to t+e effectJ L+ere I &2e t+e correct 8ordn& as n earler
recordM (+e 8ll be 2er" 'ed)'stc1 b)t s too "o)n& to be nfl)encedG do
not let +er st )ntl s+e s older1 or "o) 8ll nD)re +er +ealt+.9 6e dd not let
+er 8rte a)to'atcall" for so'e "ears after8ardsG t+en s+e dd 8rte for
so'e lttle t'e1 and t+en t+e $o8er left +er.
-:G- 7:!OR BRO6!E.
ELIV%BET- BRO6!E.
)*( A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *..K.<.
T+e follo8n& case ca'e to ,r. -od&son fro' a &ro)$ of $ersons 8+o
'a" not be 2er" crtcal1 b)t 8+o are $lanl" sncere. T+e $+eno'enon
alle&ed1 +o8e2er s)r$rsn&1 n2ol2es b)t a s'$le act of obser2aton1 and
s+o)ld +a2e been eas" to note and re'e'ber.
4L:(-I!G1 1uy *@th, *A@>.
/R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1It affords 'e $leas)re to
res$ond to "o)r nE)r" concernn& t+e te' of spirit #riting t+ro)&+ t+e
+and of a lttle c+ld D)st fo)r "ears of a&e 8+o +ad no 3no8led&e of ts
letters1 )naded and )nta)&+t.
/" 8fe +ad a nece 8+o $assed to s$rtClfe t8ent" "ears a&o1 8+o 8as
n lfe stron&l" attac+ed to +er1 and 8+ene2er 8e co'e n contact 8t+ a
'ed)'stc $erson s+e n2arabl" 'a3es +er $resence 3no8n to )s. /"
da)&+ter1 ffteen "ears of a&e1 and anot+er "o)n& lad" of t+e sa'e a&e1
o$ened a sc+ool for s'all c+ldren n a lttle roo' )sed for a ()nda" (c+ool
b" t+e Ba$tst socet"1 8+ere t+e e2ent too3 $lace. It 8as a$$roac+n&
Easter1 and to add to t+e co'n& e#ercses1 t+e lttle &rl 8as es$ecall"
n2ted to Don t+e' n re+earsn& t+er $eces1 as 'ost all t+e $)$ls 8ere
'e'bers of t+e /sson ()nda" (c+ool. T+e frst 'ornn& of +er attendance
a slate and $encl 8ere &2en +er to 3ee$ +er E)etG s+e scrbbled a8+le1
8+en t 8as notced t+at s+e +ad 8rtten 2er" dstnctl" t+e na'e E''a. %s
t 8as 3no8n t+at t+e c+ld +ad ne2er been nsde of a sc+ool before1 and
t+at s+e 3ne8 no sn&le letter of t+e al$+abet1 t 8as a &reat s)r$rse. T+e
slate belon&ed to so'e of t+e $)$ls1 +ence 8as not $reser2ed b" t+e "o)n&
lades. I re&retted t+e loss of s)c+ a rare test of s$rt control1 and )r&ed
t+e'1 s+o)ld s)c+ a t+n& e2er occ)r a&an1 to $reser2e t. T+e c+ld
attended t+e da" follo8n&1 and nstead of slate a leaf fro' a tablet and lead
$encl 8ere &2en +er. %fter s+e +ad a')sed +erself a8+le s+e ret)rned t+e
$a$er1 and t 8as seen t+at a n)'ber of atte'$ts to 8rte t+e na'e E''a
+ad been 'ade. %s s+e +anded n t+e $a$er s+e sad1 !oNer19 and anot+er
s+eet 8as &2en1 8t+ an '$ro2e'entG t+e t+rd 8as &2en1 8+en )$on
et+er sde 8as 8rtten 8t+ bold r)nnn& +and1 "o)r a)nt E''a19 E)te as
lar&e and $erfect as t+e abo2e.
Tr)e1 s+e 8as a)nt to t+e lttle one 8+ose lttle +and s+e 8as +oldn&.
T+e $ress)re )$on t+e $a$er of t+e frst t8o s+eets 8as )ne2en1 and t
reE)res close attenton to follo8 so'e $ortons of t+e frst atte'$t1 b)t n
t+e last s+e see's to +a2e o2erco'e all dffc)ltes and acco'$ls+ed +er
$)r$ose of &2n& )s a fact of s$rt control.
Lttle Etta +as $assed on to t+e +&+er lfe 8t+n a "ear of t+s e2ent.
It s far to sa" +er $arents 8ere not ($rt)alsts. T+e" too3 t+e c+ld
and &a2e +er $a$er and $encl1 b)t faled to &et satsfactor" res)lts.
T+at lttle crcle of nnocent c+ldren sn&n& t+er son&s +ad created an
at'os$+ere of +ar'on" fa2o)rable for t+at senst2e lttle c+ld to rece2e
+ii,JNL- t+e '$ress or control of a decarnate s$rt. T+ose fa'lar 8t+
$+eno'ena of t+s 3nd 8ll readl" a$$recate t+e dfference n condtons.
Yo)rs tr)l"1
%. E. -E/P(TE%,.
T+s s to certf" t+at 8e 8ere $resent and 8tnessed t+e 8rtn& of lttle
Etta1 as descrbed n t+e fore&on& state'ent1 and 3no8 t+at net+er Etta nor
an" ot+er $)$l $resent at t+e t'e co)ld +a2e 8rtten t+e 'essa&es of t+er
o8n abltes.
L(&nedM L%:R% -E/P(TE%,.
L.%.R.
I a' t+e 'ot+er of lttle Etta1 and 3no8 s+e +ad not been ta)&+t t+e
al$+abet1 or +o8 to +old +er $encl.
L(&nedM /R(. B. 6. TERRY.
In anot+er letter /r. -e'$stead addsJ
!E6TO6!1 !.Y.1 <ctober *Bth, *A@>.
In re$l" to "o)r last nE)r" I 8ll sa" Etta5s 'essa&e 8as 8rtten D)st
before Easter.
T+e 'essa&es 8e stll +a2e1 alt+o)&+ so'e8+at dffc)lt to read1 as t+e"
8ere n $encl1 and t+e )ne2en $ress)re )$on t+e $a$er reE)res close
attenton. 6e dd not n3 t o2er1 as 8e 8s+ed to $reser2e ts $)rt".
Re'e'ber s+e +eld t+e $encl bet8een t+e 'ddle fn&ers of +er left +and1
as s+e 8as not ta)&+t t+e art of +oldn& +er $encl. I +a2e 8rtten n n3
)$on t+er 'ar&ns n t+e order t+at s+e 8rote t+e'.
6ll &ladl" loan t+e' to "o)1 tr)stn& t+e" 8ll be d)l" ret)rned.
!E6TO6!1 November *@th, *A@>.
,E%R (IR1B" a stran&e &ro)$n& of crc)'stances "o)r letter1 lttle
Etta5s 'ot+er1 t+e "o)n& lad" 8+o 8tnessed t+e 8rtn&1 all ca'e nto o)r
+o'e +ere n !e8to8n to&et+er1 brn&n& t+e 'al 8t+ t+e'1 as f
)nconsco)sl" drected1 so I a' $re$ared to ret)rn "o)r $a$er $ro'$tl".
T+e" all read t1 and 8t+o)t +estaton &a2e t+er s&nat)res. In t+e case of
/ss R.1 s+e sad s+e 8o)ld rat+er not +a2e +er na'e 'entoned $)blcl" on
acco)nt of +er connecton 8t+ t+e c+)rc+1 &c.1 8+c+ "o) 'a" readl"
)nderstand. T+e 'ot+er e#$laned t+at t+e c+ld 8as leftC+anded1 and L. dd
not re'e'ber abo)t t+e 'anner n 8+c+ s+e (Etta) +eld t+e $encl. B)t '"
da)&+ter s $ost2e1 and one not l3el" to for&et so no2el a feat)re. -o$n&
t+e abo2e 8ll s)ffce1 I re'an1 2er" tr)l" "o)rs for +)'ant"1
%. E. -E/P(TE%,.
,r. -od&son addsJ
<ctober ;>th, *A@>.
/r. -e'$stead +as 3ndl" sent 'e t+e 8rtn&s b" t+e lttle &rl Etta for
'" ns$ecton. T+ere are t+ree s'all s+eets of $a$er 8t+ se2eral atte'$ts at
8rtn& on bot+ sdes of eac+ s+eet. T+ere are ndcatons of %)nt9 and
E''a9 on t+e frst and second s+eetsG E''a ben& 8rtten tolerabl" 8ell
on t+e second s+eet. T+e enclosed tracn& s of t+e last atte'$t.
%n acco)nt (seen b" 'e and concordant 8t+ t+e abo2e) +ad been sent
b" /r. -e'$stead to t+e )anner o$ .ight ''edatel" after t+e ncdent1
and 8as $rnted /a" <t+1 *AA@. I +a2e seen t+e tracn& of t+e lastC8rtten
$+rase1 "o)r a)nt E''a.9 It s a free scra8l1 rese'bln& t+e $lanc+etteC
8rtn& of an ad)lt rat+er t+an t+e frst effort of a c+ld.
+ii,JNM-
)*3 A . T+e follo8n& e#$erence of /r. 6.5s s E)oted fro'
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. <B;J
<ctober .Bth, *A@<.
YT+e follo8n& s an acco)nt of an e#$erence I +ad last %$rl. In t+e
afternoon1 I 8as rdn& east8ard to8ards (c+enectad"1 !.Y.1 on t+e !.Y.C.
and -. R. road. I ntended to &et off at (c+enectad"1 and ta3e a tran fro'
t+ere to Tro"1 and at Tro" &et a tran on t+e 4tc+b)r&+ and -oosac T)nnel
Road. I as3ed t+e cond)ctor 8+et+er I 8o)ld be able to 'a3e &ood
connectons at (c+enectad"1 also at Tro". -e nfor'ed 'e t+at I 8o)ld at
(c+enectad"1 b)t at Tro" I 8o)ld not1 for t+e reason t+at I 8o)ld not arr2e
n Tro" )ntl f2e 'n)tes after t+e de$art)re of t+e tran on t+e 4. and -.T.
-e told 'e t+at I 8o)ld not arr2e n Tro" )ntl ?.?1 and '" tran de$arted at
D)st f2e o5cloc31 and t+at t 8as t+e last one for t+e 8ee3. T+s 8as
(at)rda". I as3ed +' f +e co)ld s)&&est an" 8a" for 'e to &et '" tran or
reac+ '" desred $lace of destnaton1 b)t +e sad +e co)ld not. It see'ed
certan t+at I ')st la" off n Tro" o2er ()nda". T+e cond)ctor $assed on1
and I 'edtated1 b)t to no $)r$ose. %fter so'e t'e I too3 a $encl and
$a$er1 and t+o)&+t1 b)t dd not 8rte1 6ell1 I t+n3 I s+all not &et t+ro)&+
toCn&+t1 I a' 2er" sorr".9 Instantl" t+e $encl 8rote1 Yo) 8ll reac+
toCn&+t19 na'n& t+e $lace I 8as bo)nd for. I re$led1 b" t+o)&+t1 6+"1
t5s '$ossble1 +o8 can IWt+e tran o)t of Tro" lea2es f2e 'n)tes before
'" tran arr2es.9 T+e ans8er 8as1 Yes1 b)t "o) 8ll &et to toCn&+t19
a&an na'n& '" $lace of destnaton. %&an I t+o)&+t1 Pra"1 tell 'e +o8 I
a' to do so.9 T+e ans8er 8as1 O+1 ne2er 'nd +o81 I tell "o) "o) 8ll
arr2e n all r&+t toCn&+t.9 I )r&ed t+e '$ossblt" of t+e 'atter1 b)t
t+at 8as sto)tl" dened. I $leaded for an e#$lanaton1 b)t t 8as 8rtten t+at
I needed none1 and t+at none 8o)ld be &2en 'e. I as3ed for nstr)cton and
t 8as 8rtten t+at t+e" +ad none to &2e. I nssted on t+e fact t+at I co)ld
not &et t+e tran1 b)t t+s 8as not conceded.
On arr2n& at (c+enectad" I fo)nd '" tran for Tro"1 and as I boarded
t1 I as3ed t+e tran'an f 8e 8o)ld arr2e n Tro" n t'e for 'e to &et a
tran on t+e 4tc+b)r&+ and -oosac T)nnel Road. -e re$led1 !o19 2er"
$ro'$tl"1 and added1 t lea2es f2e 'n)tes before 8e arr2e.9 I too3 '"
seat. 6+en t+e cond)ctor ca'e alon& I tred +ard to a$$ear nnocent1 and
as3ed +' f I 8o)ld &et to Tro" n t'e to &et a tran o)t on t+e 4tc+b)r&+
and -oosac T)nnel Road. I sad I +o$ed to1 for I 8as 2er" an#o)s to arr2e
at t+at n&+t. -s re$l" 8as1 6e do not arr2e n Tro" )ntl f2e
'n)tes after f2e1 and t+e tran on t+at road $)lls o)t at D)st f2e1 and t5s t+e
last tran.9 -e $assed on $c3n& )$ tc3ets1 and I settled bac3 nto '" seat.
It see'ed as f t+e last c+ance 8as &one1 and I co)ld not +el$ b)t 8onder
8+at 8o)ld be 8rtten1 so I obser2ed 'entall"1 6ell1 "o) see "o)r
$redcton s 8ron&1 do "o) notW9 %nd t+en ca'e to 'e 8+at see'ed to be
t+e +e&+t of fools+ness1 6+"1 "o) 8ll &et t+ere all r&+t1 D)st as I told
"o).9 !o e#$lanaton ben& 2o)c+safed1 I fell to $lannn& 8+at I 8o)ld do
n t+e ct" of Tro" o2er ()nda"1 for I +ad no +o$e of &ettn& o)t.
%fter a 8+le t+e cond)ctor ca'e bac3 and too3 a seat D)st be+nd 'e1
and leann& o2er to8ards 'e +e sad1 (o "o) 8o)ld 2er" ')c+ l3e to &et
t+at tran1 8o)ld "o)W9 Yes1 sr19 I sad. 6ell19 contn)ed +e1 t+ere +ii,
JNN- s D)st one 8a" t+at s $ossble for "o) to do t1 f "o) are a &ood
r)nner and 8lln& to ta3e c+ances.9 Of co)rse I as3ed +o8. (ad +e1 I don5t
ad2se an" one to do t1 b)t t s $ossble to D)'$ off t+s tran1 for 8e sto$
before 8e reac+ t+e Tro" ,e$bt1 and r)n and D)'$ on to t+at tran 8+le t s
&on& o)t.9 %nd +e too3 a $encl and dre8 t+e ralroads and t+e de$ot (a
:non one) abo)t l3e t+s Lda&ra' o'tted +ereM.
%nd t+en +e 8ent on to e#$lanJ De are not ao#ed to run into the
depEt unti the train $or Saratoga and the one on the 9itchburgh and '.T.7.
have both pued out, 8+c+ t+e" bot+ do at D)st f2e o5cloc3. 6e s+o)ld
arr2e at o)r sto$$n& $lace 0 at abo)t f2e. Yo) co)ld &et off t+ere and r)n
across t+e (arato&a trac3 and o2er to V La $ont on t+e 4tc+b)r&+ lneM and
D)'$ on to t+at tran. T+ere s a street fro' a $ont near 0 to V.9
%t 01 as o)r tran sto$$ed1 I D)'$ed fro' t and ran to $ont V and
ca)&+t '" tran 8+c+ 8as $assn& at t+at $ont.
6+en seated n t+e car I &a2e t+e $encl one 'ore c+ance1 and t 8as
8rttenJ I see "o) are on board all r&+tG don5t "o) t+n3 I 3ne8 8+at I 8as
telln& "o)W9
I +ad no f)rt+er tro)ble n reac+n& t+e desred $lace t+at n&+t.
I 8ll sa" t+at I 8as not a8are of an" of t+e 'ateral facts $ror to t+er
a$$earn& as I +a2e stated t+e'. I +ad not cons)lted an" t'eCtable or
ot+er8se learned as to t+e t'es on 8+c+ t+ese trans 8ere to arr2e or
de$artJ and ( Bne# nothing of t+e tran stopping outside the Troy *epEt or of
t+e $ossblt" of &ettn& fro' t and r)nnn& )$ t+e street and catc+n& t+e
tran I 8s+ed to ta3e. I ne2er +ad t+e sl&+test dea of s)c+ a t+n& )ntl t+e
cond)ctor lad t+e $lan before 'e D)st as I +a2e stated t. I 8as tra2elln&
alone. I dd not 3no8 t+e cond)ctor or an"bod" t+at I sa8.
I +ad no occason to loo3 )$ or nfor' '"self as to trans at Tro" for t+e
reason t+at I e#$ected to tra2el on t+e 6est (+ore Road nstead of t+e
!.Y.C. and -.R.R.G b)t I 'ssed t+e tran on t+e 6est (+ore Road and so
too3 t+e !.Y.C. and -.R.R. as t+e best t+n& $ossble )nder t+e
crc)'stances. On t+e 6est (+ore Road '" Do)rne" 8o)ld not +a2e been
t+ro)&+ (c+enectad" and Tro"1 b)t 8o)ld +a2e been to Rotterda' 7)ncton
on t+e 6est (+ore Road1 and t+ere I 8o)ld +a2e connected 8t+ a tran on
t+e 4tc+b)r&+ and -oosac T)nnel Road1 all 2er" ncel".
I t+n3 t+s e#$erence s E)te )nE)e. Per+a$s so'e one can e#$lan t.
6.
!.Y.1 November Ath, *A@<.
In accordance 8t+ "o)r s)&&eston1 I send "o) +ere8t+ a f)rt+er
state'ent t+at "o) 'a" s)bDon. I t+n3 t co2ers "o)r nE)r".
C 6.
%bo)t t8o "ears $ror to t+at I +ad tra2elled fro' (c+enectad" to Tro"1
and o)t of Tro" on 4. and -.T.R.G b)t at t+at t'e t+e tran dd not sto$
o)tsde of Tro" ,e$bt. I +ad tra2elled n "ears $re2o)s1 t+at s1 fro' f2e to
t8ent" "ears a&o1 se2eral t'es on trans bet8een (c+enectad" and Tro"1
b)t none of t+e' e2er sto$$ed o)tsde of Tro" ,e$bt. I +ad not been n
snce t+e tr$ of t8o "ears before. Pror to t+at I +ad been n t+at $lace
$er+a$s once n t8o "ears1 for a da".
It '&+t be 8ell to add t+at no frend of 'ne at or else8+ere 3ne8
an" of t+ese facts1 to t+e best of '" 3no8led&e and belef. %fter arr2n& at
+ii,JNO- I told '" frends1 b)t none of t+e' +ad 3no8n of t+e 'atters.
I feel confdent t+at no frend or acE)antance of 'ne 3ne8 I 8as to tra2el
fro' (c+enectad" to Tro"1 and t+at none of t+e' +ad 'ade or +eard of a
connecton n t+at 8a". 4ro' tal3s 8t+ t+e' I 3no8 t+e" dd not.
)*+ A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. <;.K;=.
T+e follo8n& a$$eared n t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna for
!o2e'ber *st1 *A@>J
(T%TE/E!T O4 ,R. (:,,ICR.
4or so'e t'e $ast 8e +a2e been +oldn& s$rt)al sUances1 or crcles1
re&)larl" e2er" T)esda" and 4rda" e2enn& at o)r +o'e n C)ba1 /o.1 and
+a2e &otten and are &ettn& 'an" 'essa&es1 tr)t+f)l and ot+er8se1 alt+o)&+
t+e )ntr)t+f)l ones are fe8 co'$arat2el" and are &enerall" so fro' 3no8n
ca)ses1 s)c+ as 's)nderstandn& of E)eston as3ed1 n+ar'on" n crcle1
&c.1 &c. /ost re'ar3able 8as a Pro$+ec" and ts 4)lfl'ent19 a +)rred
state'ent of 8+c+ a$$eared n t+e )etter Day of October *At+. T8o frends
+ad called n1 na'el"1 C+arles -. Cottna'1 boo33ee$er for t+e fr' of
!e8'an and 7ones1 &eneral 'erc+ants1 and 7a'es E. -ollo81 D)n.1 of t+e
fr' of -ollo8 & (on1 dealers n sto2es1 +ard8are1 and f)rnt)re1 bot+
don& b)sness at t+s $lace. T+en '" 8fe and I sat aro)nd a s'all 8aln)t
centre table1 $lacn& o)r +ands on ts to$ s)rface n t+e )s)al 'anner1 and n
abo)t ten or ffteen 'n)tes t+e table be&an to 'o2e1 ndcatn& t+e $resence
of o)r s$rt frends1 or so'e ntell&ence 8t+ t+e $o8er to 'o2e t1 and
ans8er E)estons ntell&entl"1 as 8e fo)nd b" as3n&. T+e la'$ 8as sttn&1
on a $ano n t+e corner of t+e roo'1 t)rned do8n so as to 'a3e a s)bd)ed
or 'ello8 l&+t1 b)t not so lo8 b)t t+at 8e co)ld see 8+at t'e t 8as b"
o)r 8atc+es as 8e sat at t+e table1 or Dot do8n t+e co'')ncatons as t+e"
8ere s$elled o)t.
/r. Cottna' +ad a frend1 /r. C+rs. Vars1 a $ro'nent +otelC3ee$er of
(t. 7a'es1 P+el$s Co)nt"1 /o.1 and a for'er resdent of t+s $lace. -s
dsease 8as a c+ronc affecton of t+e t+roat. /r. C. +ad called on +' a fe8
da"s $re2o)s and fo)nd +' 2er" 8ea3 and sn3n& fast. -e co)ld ta3e no
sold food1 and all t+e no)rs+'ent +e &ot 8as b" $anf)l s8allo8n& a lttle
e&&no& or 'l3. -s attendant $+"scan1 ,r. -eadlee1 of (t. 7a'es1 told /r.
Cottna' t+at +e t+o)&+t /r. Vars co)ld l2e b)t a fe8 da"s at 'ost1 and
fro' +s a$$earance /r. Cottna' 8as of t+e sa'e o$non. %fter 'an"
ot+er E)estons 8ere as3ed and ans8ered1 t+e table ans8ern& b" t$$n&
t8o of ts feet t8o or t+ree nc+es off t+e floor1 and t+en str3n& t a&an1
once for no1 t8ce for don5t 3no81 and t+ree t'es for "es1 /r. C. as3ed1
,o "o) 3no8 '" frend C+rs. Vars1 of (t. 7a'es1 /o.W9 Yes.9 Is +e
an" better t+an 8+en I 8as 8t+ +' lastW9 !o.9 Is +e 8orseW9 Yes.9
6ll I +a2e t'e to &et to +' before +e $asses o)t f I ta3e t+e ne#t tranW9
Yes.9 6ll +e l2e o2er to'orro8W9 Yes.9 ,o "o) 3no8 8+en +e 8ll
$ass o)tW9 Yes.9 T+en t+e table roc3ed bac3 and fort+ slo8l"1 t+e feet
str3n& t+e floor fort" t'es1 'a3n& fort" dstnct ra$s1 ')c+ to t+e
s)r$rse of all $resent1 as 8e 8ere e#$ectn& +' to $ass o)t ')c+ sooner.
6e co)nted1 and fo)nd t+at t+e t'e ndcated 8o)ld be October At+G so to
'a3e s)re 8e 8ere r&+t 8e as3ed1 6ll +e $ass o)t on October At+W9
Yes.9 In t+e forenoonW9 Yes.9 6ll a tele&ra' be sent to 'e on t+e
'ornn& of t+e At+ to t+at effectW9 Yes.9
7%(. E. -OLLO61 7)n.1 one of t+e crcle of %)&)st .@t+.
LO!G(TREET (I/P(O!1 Cler3 n (tore.
+ii,JOP-
I. P. BRICREY1 Pro$retor1 C)ba -otel.
E. %. EV%!(1 Real Estate %&ent.
4. R. -%R,E(TY1 ,r)&&st.
6. T. -:!TER1 Blac3s't+.
C. -. COTT!%/1 one of t+e crcle of %)&)st .@t+.
,r. V. L. (-ELP1 ,entst.
,r. 7. -. /%RTY!1 P+"scan and ()r&eon.
GEO. %(RI!(1 -otel Cler3.
/rs. LO:I(E 4%RLEY (:,,ICR1 one of t+e crcle of %)&)st .@t+.
7. %. RO(T1 (+oe'a3er.
7. %. C%I/(1 Cler3 n (tore.
B. 4. 7O-!(O!1 !otar" P)blc.
% n&+t or t8o after t+e abo2eCdescrbed sUance /r. Cottna' sat at
anot+er +o)se 8t+ dfferent stters1 and rece2ed t+e follo8n& confr'aton
of t+e abo2e. -e sa"sJ 6e +ad been sttn& onl" a fe8 'n)tes 8+en t+e
table be&an to 'o2e. I as3ed1 HIs t+e s$rt de'onstratn& a frend of 'neWI
HYes.I (Indcated b" t+ree dstnct t$s of t+e table.) H6ll "o) s$ell "o)r
na'eWI HYes.I T+e al$+abet 8as called n t+e )s)al 8a"1 and t+e letters
s&nalled b" t$s s$elled Ben 6al3er. H%re "o) '" frend1 Ben 6al3er1 of
(t. Lo)sWI HYes.I HI 8as not a8are of "o)r de'seG 8+en dd "o) $ass o)tWI
T+ree dstnct t$s. H,oes t+at 'ean t+at t +as been t+ree da"s snce "o)
$assed o)tWI HYes.I HIs "o)r bod" b)redWI H!o.I H6ll t be b)red
to'orro8WI HYes.I H,o "o) 3no8 '" frend C+rs. VarsWI HYes.I H6ll +e
$ass o)t on October At+WI HYes.I H%re "o) s)re of t+sWI HYes.I9
/r. Cottna' 8as not a8are of t+e deat+ of /r. 6al3er1 and rat+er
do)bted t+e tr)t+ of t+e 'essa&e abo)t +'. T+e :obe *emocrat of t+e
ne#t da"1 +o8e2er1 confr'ed t+e tr)t+ of +s deat+1 and stated t+at t+e
nter'ent 8as deferred )ntl +s son arr2ed fro' a dstant ct".
T+e $redcton abo)t /r. Vars beca'e an o$en secret1 and 8as tal3ed
of freel" t+ro)&+ t+e to8n fro' t+e 'ornn& of %)&)st ;>t+ )ntl October
At+1 8+en a tele&ra' ca'e o2er t+e 8res nfor'n& /r. C. t+at /r. Vars
ded t+at 'ornn& at s# o5cloc3.
I a$$end a letter fro' ,r. -eadlee1 t+e $+"scan 8+o attended /r.
Vars1 8+c+ corroborates t+e acco)nt D)st &2en. I also send t+e s&nat)res
of t8el2e of o)r best ctNens n f)rt+er confr'aton1 and t+e s&nat)res of
t+e stters. /an" 'ore na'es co)ld be obtaned1 b)t I D)d&e t+e follo8n& to
be s)ffcent.
(. T. (:,,ICR1 /.,.
C:B%1 /o.
(T. 7%/E(1 /o.1 <ctober *Ath, *A@>.
,E%R ,OCTOR1%bo)t a 8ee3 $re2o)s to t+e deat+ of /r. C+rs.
Vars I 8as n C)ba1 and a frend 8as nE)rn& abo)t +'. I told +' t+at on
t+e e2enn& before I dd not t+n3 +e 8o)ld s)r22e t+e n&+t1 b)t on t+at
'ornn& +e +ad ralled a lttle1 t+at t+e c+ances all 8ere t+at +e 8o)ld not
last t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs. -e t+en told 'e t+at +e (/r. V.) 8o)ld l2e )ntl t+e
e&+t+ da" of October1 and t+at +e 8o)ld de on t+at da"G t+s +e dd1 d"n&
at B %./.
/r. Vars 8as sc3 abo)t se2en or e&+t 'ont+s1 and for t+e last t+ree
8as e#$ected to de at an" t'e.Res$ectf)ll" "o)rs1
(. -. -E%,LEE.
C:B%1 /o.1 <ctober *?th, *A@>.
To %LL 6-O/ IT /%Y CO!CER!JT+s s to certf" t+at 8e1 t+e
)nders&ned ctNens of C)ba1 /o.1 dd1 $ror to t+e deat+ of /r. C+rs.
Vars1 of (t. 7a'es1 /o.1 8+c+ occ)rred on t+e 'ornn& of t+e At+ of
October *A@>1 +ear a $ro$+ec" to t+e effect t+at +e 8o)ld de on t+e
'ornn& of t+at da".
6e +eard t+at +s deat+ 8as foretold at a sUance1 at t+e +o)se of ,r. (.
T. ()ddc31 n t+e to8n of C)ba1 /o.1 on t+e n&+t of %)&)st t+e .@t+1 or
fort" da"s $ror to t+at e2ent.
(. T. (:,,ICR1 /.,.
I rece2ed 'essa&e for Cottna' October At+1 fro' (t. 7a'es.
C-%(. C. RE!T1
Tele&ra$+ O$erator at C)ba.
7%(. E. -OLLO61 one of t+e crcle of %)&)st .@t+.
LO!(TREET (I/P(O!1 Cler3 n (tore.
+ii,JOG-
7. P. BRICRLEY1 Pro$retor1 C)ba -otel.
E. %. EV%!(1 Real Estate %&ent.
4. R. -%R,E(TY1 ,r)&&st.
6. T. -:!TER1 Blac3s't+.
C. -. COTT!%/1 one of t+e crcle of %)&)st .@t+.
,r. V. L. (-ELP1 ,entst.
,r. 7. -. /%RTY!1 P+"scan and ()r&eon.
GEO. %(RI!(1 -otel Cler3.
/R(. LO:I(E 4%RLEY (:,,ICR1 one of t+e crcle of %)&)st .@t+.
7. %. RO(T1 (+oe'a3er.
7. %. C%I/(1 Cler3 n (tore.
B. 4. 7O-!(O!1 !otar" P)blc.
T+e letter fro' 8+c+ t+e follo8n& s an e#tract1 and of 8+c+ t+e
or&nal 8as sent to ,r. -od&son b" ,r. ()ddc31 f#es t+e date of t+e
sUance.
C:B%1 /o.1 August .@th, *A@>.
,. E. PERRY/%!1 Bonne Terre1 /o.
,E%R 4RIE!,1Y;>t+. 6e +ad a nce lttle crcle last n&+t1 n o)r
$arlo)r1 and &ood $+eno'ena1 so far as tableCt$$n& &oes. /"self1 8fe1
and t8o ne&+bo)rs co'$osed t+e crcle. T+ere 8ere abo)t a +)ndred
E)estons as3ed1 and all 8ere ans8ered correctl"1 so far as 8e 3no8. One
&entle'an 8as reE)ested to &o to a sc3 frend1 and 8as told t+e n)'ber of
da"s +e 8o)ld l2e1 &c. &c.
(. T. (:,,ICR.
(T+s e#tract a$$eared n t+e 7eigio,&hiosophica 1ourna.) ,r.
()ddc3 sa"s t+at t+e letter 8as ret)rned to +' at +s o8n reE)est1 and
8rtesJ
Yo) 8ll fnd t+at t+e frst se2en or e&+t lnes 8ere 8rtten %)&)st .@t+
and t+e re'ander of t+e letter on t+e ;>t+1 or $art before and $art after t+e
sttn&.
/rs. ()ddc3 sends t+e follo8n& acco)nt of t+e sttn&J
C:B%1 /o.1 November @th, *A@>.
Re$l"n& to "o)r fa2o)r of t+e ?t+ nst.1 reE)estn& '" confr'aton of
t+e $ro$+ec"9 of 8+c+ '" +)sband 8rote1 I can sa" t+at I 8as one of t+e
sttersG t+e sUance +a2n& ta3en $lace at o)r +o)se. T+ere 8ere t8o ot+er
stters besdes '" +)sband (,r. ()ddc3) and self1 na'el"1 7. E. -ollo81
D)n.1 and C. -. Cottna'. T+e 'essa&e 8as &2en n ans8er to E)estons $)t
b" /r. Cottna' concernn& +s frend /r. Vars. -e dd not call t+e na'e
of t+e latter at t+e t'e of t+e sttn&1 b)t onl" s$o3e of +' as '" frend19
and I1 for one1 dd not 3no8 at t+e t'e to 8+o' +e referred. (I t+n3
$er+a$s t+e ot+er stters dd.) I +eard cas)all" t+e ne#t da" t+ro)&+ a
ne&+bo)r lad" t+at /r. Vars1 of (t. 7a'es1 8as e#$ected to de at an" t'e1
and assocatn& t+e t8o ncdents1 I concl)ded +e 8as t+e sc3 frend of
8+ose de'se /r. C. +ad been E)estonn& t+e s$rts19 and on nE)rn&
fo)nd t+at I +ad s)r'sed correctl".
%t t+e sttn& /r. Cottna' as3ed a n)'ber of E)estons abo)t +s sc3
frend1 a'on& 8+c+ 8ere1 6ll +e be al2e 8+en I arr2e t+ereW9 6ll +e
+ii,JOH- de to'orro8W9 6ll +e de t+e da" afterW9 &c. %fter rece2n&
ne&at2e ans8ers to t+e last t8oand $er+a$s t+e E)eston 8+et+er +e
8o)ld l2e a 8ee3 8as as3ed1I do not dstnctl" re'e'ber+e reE)ested
t+e controlln& $o8er to ra$ once for e2er" da" t+at +s frend 8o)ld "et
l2e1 and t+e table ra$$ed fort" t'esJ eac+ of t+e stters co)nted t+e ra$s as
t+e" 8ere &2en dstnctl" b" t+e table rsn& on one sde off t+e floor and
str3n& do8n a&an. On co)ntn& t+e fort" da"s fro' t+at date 8e fo)nd
t+at t+e t'e of +s deat+ as $ro$+esed 8o)ld fall on t+e At+ of October.
(T+e date of t+e $ro$+ec" 8as %)&)st .@t+.) /r. C. as3ed f t+e At+ of
October 8as t+e da" on 8+c+ +e 8o)ld de1 and t+e table ra$$ed t+ree
t'es1 t+e con2entonal s&nal for Yes.9 -e t+en as3ed f t+e de'se 8o)ld
ta3e $lace n da"t'e or at n&+tG n t+e forenoon or afternoon1 &c.1 and
rece2ed ans8ers t+at t 8o)ld be n t+e da"t'e1 and n t+e forenoon.
%t se2eral ot+er sUances1 +eld at t+e +o'e of /r. Brc3e" and ot+er
$laces1 t+ese E)estons 8ere a&an as3ed1 and t+e ans8ers re$eated t+at /r.
Vars 8o)ld de on t+e 'ornn& of October At+1 as at t+e frst sttn&. Of
t+ese dates I a' $erfectl" confdent.
It 'a"1 and t 'a" not1 be s)$erfl)o)s to add1 t+at1 )nl3e '" +)sband1 I
a' not a confr'ed bele2er n t+e s$rt)al or&n of t+ose $+eno'ena
8+c+ 8e +a2e fro' t'e to t'e 8tnessed1 s)c+ as 'o2e'ents of t+e table
b" so'e )n3no8n $o8erG ntell&ent ans8ers to E)estonsG 'essa&es &2en
t+ro)&+ t+e al$+abet1 &c.1 b)t +a2e been )ndecded 8+et+er to attrb)te
t+e' to tele$at+"1 t+o)&+tCtransference1 or so'e ot+er )n3no8n 'ental or
'a&netc E)alt" resdn& n t+e stters t+e'sel2es1 or 8+et+er1 as so 'an"
bele2e1 t s reall" t+ro)&+ t+e drect a&enc" of t+e dse'boded.
6s+n& "o)r (ocet" ')c+ s)ccess n ts ratonal and 'ost scentfc
8a" of dealn& 8t+ t+ese occ)lt $roble's1I a'1 2er" tr)l"1
LO:I(E 4. (:,,ICR.
,r. -od&son +as also rece2ed letters fro' /r. I. P. Brc3e"1 /r. E. %.
E2ans1 and /r. 7. %. Rost1 confr'n& t+e a)t+entct" of t+er test'on"
E)oted abo2e. /r. Brc3e" states t+at t 8as at +s +o)se t+at t+e sUance at
8+c+ t+e $ro$+ec" 8as confr'ed 8as +eld.
/r. E2ans 8rtesJ
C:B%1 /o.1 November Ath, *A@>.
To)c+n& t+e 'atter cted n "o)rs of t+e <t+ nst.1 I desre to sa" t+at
'" s&nat)re s)bscrbed to t+e $)bls+ed state'ent of ,r. ()ddc31 relat2e
to t+e $ro$+esed deat+ of C+rs. Vars1 of (t. 7a'es1 /o.1 s a)t+entc.
4)rt+er1 n t+s connecton I desre to sa" t+at I ne2er attended a sUance1 as t
s called1 I bele2e1 n '" lfe1 +a2e no e#$erence n t+at lne1 and +a2e no
$ersonal 3no8led&e )$on 8+c+ to base belef nor )nbelef of ($rt)als'.
B)t I 8as told b" $artes t+at 'et at ,r. ()ddc35s resdence1 so'e 8ee3s
before t+e de'se of C+rs. Vars1 t+at b" ra$s 8t+1 or on a table1 I do not
3no8 8+c+1 t+e" 8ere told t+at Vars 8o)ld de n fort" da"s1 or October
At+1 and +e dd de on t+e date as &2en.
E:GE!E %. EV%!(.
T+ere re'aned an '$ortant E)eston to deter'neJ 8+et+er /r. Vars
+ad 3no8n of t+e $ro$+ec"1 'a3n& t $ossble t+at t +ad bro)&+t +ii,JOI-
abo)t ts o8n f)lfl'ent. T+e follo8n& letter and state'ent &2e t+e res)lt
of ,r. ()ddc35s nE)res on t+s $ontJ
C:B%1 /o.1 *ecember .;rd, *A@>.
I rece2ed "o)r recent letter se2eral da"s a&o1 b)t t+o)&+t t 8o)ld
$er+a$s be 'ore satsfactor" to "o) and "o)r (ocet" for 'e to &o and see
/rs. Vars1 8do8 of /r. C+rs. Vars1 '"self. (o "esterda" (()nda") I
boarded t+e noon tran1 and on arr2n& fo)nd /rs. Vars and +er t8o
da)&+ters1 "o)n& lades1 2er" ntell&ent and cle2er $eo$le. On ntrod)cn&
t+e s)bDect1 D)st a s+ade of 2e#aton $assed o2er /rs. V.5s face1 and s+e
'ade +aste to sa"1 6e are not ($rt)alsts1 and 3ne8 not+n& of t+e
$ro$+ec" )ntl 8e sa8 t n t+e Cra#$ord 2irror, at least t8o 8ee3s after
/r. Vars5 deat+. I 8as 2er" ')c+ 2e#ed1 as 8e bele2e not+n& n s)c+
fools+ness.Y9
I e#$laned t+at t+e $artes 8+o +ad s&ned t+er na'es to t+e $a$er +ad
not ntended t to a$$ear n t+e local $ress. /rs. V. sad s+e +ad felt 2er"
badl" abo)t +a2n& +er +)sband5s na'e banded abo)t n t+at 8a" n a
ne8s$a$er1 b)t 8+en /r. Cottna' e#$laned t+e 'atter1 and ,r. -eadlee
sad +e 3ne8 of t+e $ro$+ec"1 and t+at t+e 'ornn& of t+e At+ of October
+ad been s$ecfed as t+e t'e n 8+c+ +e s+o)ld de1 a 8ee3 or 'ore
before +s deat+ occ)rred1 s+e felt t+at t+ere ')st be so'e tr)t+ n t1 as s+e
co)ld not do)bt ,r. -eadlee.
/rs. Vars1 dd "o)r +)sband 3no8 an"t+n& abo)t t+e $ro$+ec" before
+s deat+W9
!o1 ndeed19 s+e sad1 none of )s 3ne8 an"t+n& abo)t t )ntl t8o
8ee3s after +s deat+.9
/&+t not ,r. -eadlee +a2e sad so'et+n& to +' abo)t t d)rn& one
of +s 2sts1 8t+o)t "o)r 3no8n& tW9
O+ dear no19 s+e sad1 I 8as al8a"s $resent at t+ese 2sts1 and 3no8
no s)c+ tal31 occ)rred at an" of t+e'. !o1 I a' $ost2e ,r. -eadlee ne2er
'entoned t1 and t+at /r. V. ne2er 3ne8 t.9
I t+en 8rote )$ t+e lttle 'e'orand)' enclosed1 and s+e s&ned t1 or
rat+er +er da)&+ter dd1 at +er reE)est1 n '" $resence.Y
I t+en 8ent o)t and fo)nd ,r. -eadlee1 and +e sad n ans8er to '"
E)estonsJ
!o1 I 3no8 $ost2el" t+at /r. V. 3ne8 not+n& of t+e $ro$+ec"G no
one n (t. 7a'es 3ne8 an"t+n& of t b)t '"self1 and I dd not 8ant +' to
fnd t o)t.9
(. T. (:,,ICR.
TO %LL 6-O/ IT /%Y CO!CER!JT+s s to certf" t+at I a' $ost2e
t+at '" +)sband 3ne8 not+n& 8+ate2er of t+e $ro$+ec" of +s deat+1 'ade
at a s$rt)al crcle +eld at t+e +o'e of ,r. (. T. ()ddc31 n C)ba1 /o.1 on
%)&)st .@t+ last. 6e dd not +ear of t for abo)t t8o 8ee3s after +s deat+.
6e are not ($rt)alsts.
L(&nedM /R(. %. V%RI(.
)*' A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. ;?;K??.
In an artcle n &sychische Studien , /arc+ *AA@ ($. *;*)1 t+e edtor (/r.
%le#ander %3sa3off)1 8rtesJ
I a' $ersonall" acE)anted 8t+ t+e follo8n& caseJ/" frend and
fello8Cst)dent at t+e L"ce)'1 Pr2" Co)ncllor (Ge+e'rat+) Baron
Ronstantn R.1 told 'e1 t8ent" "ears a&o1 t+at at t+e t'e of t+e deat+ of +s
)ncle1 Baron +ii,JOJ- Pa)l R.1 at 6arsc+a)1 +s 8ll co)ld not be fo)nd1
t+o)&+ t 8as t+oro)&+l" searc+ed forG and t+at t 8as dsco2ered n a secret
dra8er (4ac+e)1 entrel" n conseE)ence of a co'')ncaton rece2ed b"
Prnce E'le 6tt&ensten1 n 8+c+ t+e $lace 8as descrbed.
In &sychische Studien for ,ece'ber *AA@ ($$. ?BAKB@)1 /. %3sa3off
&2es f)rt+er $artc)lars as follo8sJ
(nce t+e $re2o)s notce of t+s case1 I +a2e 'ade t+e acE)antance of
Pa)l 2on Rorf1 a son of Baron 2on Rorf1 8+o resdes n t+e Port (trasse1 (t.
Petersb)r&. -e +as &2en 'e t+e follo8n& acco)nt of t+e crc)'stancesJ
-s fat+er1 General Pa)l 2on Rorf1 ded at 6arsc+a) on %$rl =t+1 *AB=.
It 8as 3no8n t+at +e +ad 'ade a 8ll1 b)t after +s deat+ t co)ld not be
fo)nd. In t+e 'ont+ of 7)l" *AB= +s sster1 t+e Baroness C+arlotte 2on
6ran&el1 8as l2n& 8t+ +er ssterCnCla81 /ada'e ,. 2on Ob)c+o81 n
t+e to8n of Ploc3 ($rono)nced PloN3)1 not far fro' 6arsc+a). -er 'ot+er1
t+e 8do8 of General 2on Rorf1 8as tra2elln& abroadG and n +er 'ot+er5s
absence s+e 8as entr)sted 8t+ t+e o$enn& of +er corres$ondence. %'on&
t+e letters t+)s rece2ed and o$ened 8as one fro' Prnce E'le 2on
6tt&ensten (also abroad) addressed to t+e 8do8 of General 2on Rorf1 n
8+c+ +e nfor'ed +er t+at a s$rt)alstc co'')ncaton +ad been rece2ed
b" +' n t+e na'e of +er deceased +)sband1 ndcatn& t+e $lace 8+ere +s
8ll 8o)ld be fo)nd. T+e Baroness 2on 6ran&el1 8+o 3ne8 +o8 ')c+
tro)ble t+e absence of t+s 8ll +ad &2en to +er elder brot+er LBaron 7ose$+
RorfM 8+o 8as en&a&ed n t+e ad'nstraton of t+e $ro$ert"1 and 8+o 8as
at t+at t'e n 6arsc+a)1 8ent at once1 8t+ +er ssterCnCla81 to 6arsc+a)1
to nfor' +' of t+e '$ortant contents of t+e letter of Prnce 2on
6tt&ensten. -er brot+er5s frst 8ords 8ere t+at +e +ad D)st fo)nd t+e 8llG
and 8+en t+e letter of Prnce 2on 6tt&ensten 8as read1 t 8as a$$arent1 to
t+e astons+'ent of t+ose $resent1 t+at t+e $lace ndcated n t+e
s$rt)alstc co'')ncaton 8+ere t+e 8ll 8o)ld be fo)nd 8as $recsel"
t+at n 8+c+ t+e Baron +ad at last fo)nd t.
Baron Pa)l 2on Rorf $ro'sed 'e t+at +e 8o)ld loo3 for t+s letter of
Prnce 2on 6tt&ensten5s1 8+c+ +e +ad n +s +and less t+an t8o "ears a&o1
8+en arran&n& t+e fa'l" $a$ers. B)t )$ to t+e $resent t'e +e +as not
been able a&an to fnd t. -e fears t 'a" +a2e been )nntentonall"
destro"ed 8t+ )seless corres$ondence.
In a letter dated (t. Petersb)r&1 4ebr)ar" .Bt+1 *A@>1 /. %3sa3off adds
t+e follo8n& $artc)lars1 8t+ t8o letters1 of 8+c+ translatons are +ere
&2enJ
I. Or&nal letter fro' Baron Pa)l Rorf (son of t+e Baron Rorf 8+ose
8ll s concerned) to /. %3sa3off1 co)nters&ned b" Baron Pa)l5s sster1
Baroness C+arlotte 6ran&el1 and testf"n& to t+e e#actness of t+e fact as
stated n &sychische Studien, *AAA1 $. ?BA.
PETER(B:RG1 1anuary .@th, *A@>.
(IR1I +a2e read 8t+ &reat nterest "o)r co'')ncaton1 nserted n
&sychische Studien ($. ?BA)1 concernn& t+e 8ll of '" late fat+er. T+e facts
are t+ere related 8t+ $erfect acc)rac". I a' afrad t+at I b)rnt t+e letter of
+ii,JOK- Prnce E'le 6tt&ensten abo)t a "ear a&o1 8+en I 8as arran&n&
t+e $a$ers of '" late fat+er1 8+c+ 8ere at +s co)ntr" seat.%cce$t1 &c.1
(B%RO!) P%:L ROR4.
I add '" s&nat)re to t+at of '" brot+er1 to confr' t+e contents of +s
letter.
B%RO!E(( C. 6R%!GEL1 !eE B%RO!E(( ROR4.
II. Co$" of a letter fro' Prnce E'le de (a"nC6tt&ensten1 $)bls+ed
n t+e 8or31 Souvenirs et Correspondance du &rince 8mie de Sayn,
Dittgenstein,)erebourg (Pars1 *AA@)1 2ol. . $. ;B?.
6%R(%61 1uy *=th, *AB=.
It see's an a&e1 '" dear $arents1 snce I +a2e +ad an" ne8s of "o)G '"
'ot+er5s last letter 8as dated 7)ne ?t+. I +a2e occ)$ed '"self ')c+ 8t+
($rt)als' of late1 and '" 'ed)'stc fac)ltes +a2e de2elo$ed
t+e'sel2es n an astons+n& 8a". I 8rte often 8t+ &reat faclt" n 2aro)s
3nds of 8rtn&G I +a2e +ad drect co'')ncatons fro' t+e s$rt 8+c+
+a)nts Berlebo)r&1 a 8o'an of o)r fa'l" 8+o 3lled +erself *>. "ears a&o.
I +a2e1 'oreo2er1 obtaned a 2er" sn&)lar res)lt. One of '" frends1 Le)t.C
General Baron de Rorf1 deceased so'e 'ont+s snce1 'anfested +'self to
'e (8t+o)t '" +a2n& t+o)&+t of +' t+e least n t+e 8orld)1 to enDon
)$on 'e to ndcate to +s fa'l" t+e $lace 8+ere +s 8ll +ad been
'alco)sl" +ddenG t+at s to sa"1 n a c+est of dra8ers n t+e +o)se 8+ere
+e ded. I dd not 3no8 t+at t+e fa'l" 8ere loo3n& for t+s 8ll1 and +ad
not fo)nd t. 6ell1 t+e" fo)nd t n t+e 2er" $lace 8+c+ t+e s$rt +ad
ndcated to 'e. It s a doc)'ent of &reat '$ortance for t+e 'ana&e'ent of
+s $ro$ert"1 and for t+e settle'ent of E)estons 8+c+ 8ll arse 8+en +s
c+ldren attan t+er 'aDort". -ere are facts 8+c+ can stand crtcs'.
E/ILE 6ITTGE!(TEI!.
III. Prnce E'le 6tt&ensten ded n *A=A1 at Te&ernsee1 n Ba2ara.
IV. %s to t+e date of t+e letter of Prnce (a"nC6tt&ensten to t+e 8do8
of Baron Rorf. -ere s 8+at I +a2e been able to learn n a last nter2e8
8t+ +s son1 Baron Pa)l Rorf. T+e 'arra&e of +s da)&+ter1 Baroness
C+arlotte Rorf1 8t+ Baron 6ran&el too3 $lace at 6arsa81 7)ne *=t+1 *AB=.
% 8ee3 after t+at e2ent t+e Baroness 6ran&el left1 8t+ +er ssterCnCla81
/ada'e Ob)c+o81 for t+e to8n of Ploc31 and +er 'ot+er 8ent abroad. %t
t+at date t+e 8ll +ad not been fo)nd. %nd snce t+e letter of Prnce E'le
6tt&ensten to +s $arents1 n 8+c+ +e nfor's t+e' of t+e fndn& of t+e
8ll b" s$rt)al co'')ncaton1 s dated 7)l" *=t+1 *AB=1 t follo8s t+at t+e
letter of Prnce E'le 6tt&ensten to t+e 8do8 of Baron Rorf1 enclosn&
t+at co'')ncaton1 and conseE)entl" t+e co'')ncaton tself1 ')st +a2e
been rece2ed bet8een 7)ne *=t+ and 7)l" *=t+1 *AB=.
V. %s to t+e $lace 8+ere t+e 8ll 8as fo)nd. I as3ed Baron Pa)l RorfJ
Is t a fact t+at t+e 8ll 8as fo)nd Hin a chest o$ dra#ersa 5armoire6 as 8as
$redcted n t+e co'')ncatonW9 -e ans8eredJ T+at s 8+at bot+ '"
sster and I +eard.9
VI. T+e elder son of Baron Rorf1 8+o b)sed +'self at 6arsa8 8t+
t+e affars of t+e n+ertance1 8as na'ed Baron 7ose$+ Rorf1 and +as snce
ded.
)*' B . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. .;AK<..
T+e follo8n& case of a co'')ncaton ndcatn& t+e 8+ereabo)ts +ii,
JOL- of a 'ssn& note of +and 8as sent to ,r. -od&son b" 7)d&e 6. ,.
-arden1 of (a2anna+1 Geor&a1 8+o s 8ell 3no8n to +'J
;<? 6. T-IRTYC4O:RT- (TREET1 !E6 YORR1
<ctober ;rd, *AAA.
,R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1/Y ,E%R (IR1T+n3n& t+at "o) 'a"
$ossbl" be bac3 fro' "o)r 2acaton1 I send "o) 8t+ t+s t+e acco)nt of t+e
fndn& of t+e note b" /rs. B. and t+e letter to 'e fro' ,r. Rnorr.
6. ,. -%R,E!.
(%V%!!%-1 G%.1 September *Bth, *AAA.
7)d&e 6. ,. -%R,E!1
,E%R 4RIE!,1T+s 'ornn&1 8+en I $ad a $rofessonal 2st to /rs.
B.5s sc3 son1 s+e s+o8ed 'e a ro)&+ draft of t+e state'ent s+e ntended to
send to "o).Y
I t+n3 I need to add 2er" lttle to /rs. B.5s state'ents. Yo) are
acE)anted 8t+ t+e modus operandi of t+e co'')ncatons 8t+ t+e sldn&
rod1 t+e rod and t+e al$+abet board ben& at B.5s +o)se1 t+e sa'e "o) sa8 at
/ss /a&&e R.5s. In order to facltate "o)r descr$ton for ,r. -. I send
"o) a $a$er 'odel of t+e rod and a $rnted al$+abet (8t+ ot+er con2enent
nscr$tons)1 t+at s to be $asted near t+e t8o (r&+t and left) ed&es1 lea2n&
a s$ace bet8een of s)ffcent 8dt+ for t+e $onts of t+e rod to $ont o)t t+e
desred letters.
I +a2e to re'ar3 t+at a co)$le of da"s after t+e deat+ of /ss !na Bls
$ianc; (/r. !. -.) I asssted +er to &et nto co'')ncaton 8t+ +'. 6e
s)cceeded1 /ss !na t)rnn& o)t to be feebl" 'ed)'stc1 and 'an"
co'')ncatons 8ere rece2ed fro' +'.
T+s attracted /aDor B.5s attenton. -e tred t+en 8t+ 'e (t+e 'aDor 8as
t+en an a&nostc)1 and fo)nd t+at +e also 8as 'ed)'stc1 and +e &ot
co'')ncatons fro' +s fat+er and +s )ncle t+at 8ere so c+aracterstc
t+at +e beca'e con2nced of t+e realt" of s$rt co'')non. (o 8+en t+e
'aDor de$arted1 last s$rn& or s)''er1 +e 8as 8ell acE)anted 8t+ t+e
modus operandi of s$rt co'')nonG and t+erefore t+e 2er" da" after +s
de$art)re 8e co)ld rece2e a fe8 8ords fro' +'. Later on 8e rece2ed
'an" 'essa&es fro' +'.
I t+n3 I 8as $resent at t+e sUance 8+en +e stated t+at t+e note 8as
de$osted so'e8+ere1 b)t co)ld not tell 8+ere. It loo3s as f at t+at t'e +e
+ad not "et dsco2ered t+e 8+ereabo)ts of t+e note1 b)t contn)ed +)ntn&
for t1 and at last dsco2ered t.
L. R!ORR1 (a2anna+.
7)d&e -%R,E!1In co'$lance 8t+ "o)r reE)est I 8ll stateJ %fter '"
+ono)red +)sband /aDor L)c)s B.5s de$art)re fro' t+s lfe1 I 8as n
dstress of 'nd t+at none co)ld )nderstand b)t one s)rro)nded b" s'lar
crc)'stances. Of +s b)sness transactons I 3ne8 b)t lttle. %fter a 8ee3 or
t8o of st)nnn& a&on"1 I aro)sed '"self to loo3 nto o)r fnancal condton.
I 8as a8are t+at +e +ad n +s 3ee$n& a note &2en b" 7)d&e -. 6. -o$3ns
to so'e se2eral +)ndred 8+c+ 8as d)e1 and I searc+ed all t+e noo3s and
corners of +s secretare1 'an)scr$t1 letters1 'e'orand)'Cboo3s1 read
se2eral +)ndred lettersG b)t all for na)&+t. 4or t8o 'ont+s I s$ent 'ost of
t+e t'e &on& o2er and o2er1 b)t 8t+ t+e sa'e res)lt. I fnall" as3ed +' at
a sUance abo)t t+e note.
+ii,JOM-
X. -a2e "o) de$osted t+e note an"8+ereW9 %. I +a2e.9
X. 6+ereW9 !o ans8er.
4nall" I 8rote to 7)d&e -. (8+o +ad 8rtten 'e abo)t t)J I +ad as 8ell
tell "o) t+e note +as not been fo)nd. I cannot 'a&ne 8+ere t s.9 T+s 8as
on 4rda". T+e follo8n& ()nda"1 abo)t fo)r o5cloc31 '" da)&+ter !na1
8+o $ossesses so'e sn&)lar $o8er1 $ro$osed 8e tr" f 8e co)ld not &et a
co'')ncaton fro' o)r lo2ed ones. 6+le s+e 8ent to &et a lttle
arran&e'ent (a rod t+at 8or3ed on a board )$on 8+c+ t+e letters of t+e
al$+abet 8ere $rnted) I sat n '" roo' alone1 t+n3n&1 f t 8ere $ossble
for /aDor B. to see t+e +eart flled to o2erflo8n& 8t+ an&)s+1 and added
to t+s t+e 'nd dstressed b" b)sness cares1 8o)ld +e not co'')ncate
8t+ 'e and tr" to &2e so'e consolaton or assstance.
B)t I dd not e#$ress '" t+o)&+ts to an" one. !na ret)rned1 and after a
lttle con2ersaton 8e $)t o)r +ands on t+e rod and t prompty s$elt Loo3
n '" lon& dra8er and fnd 6lle.9 I beca'e e#cted1 ran to t+e b)rea) and
$)lled o)t t+e botto' dra8er1 t)rned t+e contents )$on t+e floor1 and
co''enced to searc+. :nder all t+e t+n&s 8as a 2estG n ts lttle breast
$oc3et 8as t+e note.
/aDor B. 8as n t+e +abt of calln& t+e botto' dra8er1 8+ere onl" +s
)nderC&ar'ents 8ere 3e$t1 /" lon& dra8er19 to des&nate t fro' se2eral
s'all dra8ers set asde for +s )se. T+e 2est 8as t+e onl" &ar'ent1 ot+er
t+an )nder8ear1 n t+e dra8er. T+e 2est 8as t+e one ta3en off +' 8+en +e
frst beca'e ll. -e 8as )nconsco)s d)rn& t+e frst da" of +s llness. T+e
2est 8as $)t n t+e dra8er after or d)rn& +s llness b" '" frend1 I t+n31
8+o asssted n carn& for +' 8+le sc3.
T+e dra8er +ad not been o$ened t+at 8e 3ne8 of after +e left )s )ntl
t+e note 8as dsco2ered. %lt+o)&+ I +ad 'o2ed to anot+er roo'1 I &a2e
nstr)ctons t+at t+e botto' dra8er 8as not to be dst)rbed.
%s soon as t+e rod s$elt Loo3 n '" lon& dra8er and fnd 6lle19 I
8as $erfectl" electrfed 8t+ t+e 3no8led&e t+at 6lle -.5s note 8as n t+at
dra8er1 alt+o)&+ I ne2er 8o)ld +a2e t+o)&+t of loo3n& n s)c+ a $lace for
a 2al)able $a$er.
/aDor B. and '"self al8a"s s$o3e to and of 7)d&e -. as 6lle19 +e
ben& a relaton of 'ne and a fa2o)rte of /aDor B. fro' 6lle5s
c+ld+ood.
I +a2e D)st read t+e abo2e to '" da)&+ter1 and s+e sa"s s+e 8ll endorse
t+e state'ent as ben& correct.I a'1 2er" res$ectf)ll"1
/rs. E. 4. B. B.1 8do8 of t+e
late /aDor L)c)s C. B.
!.-.B.
(%V%!!%-1 G%.1 September *Bth, *AAA.
T+e t8o s&nat)res +a2e been 'ade n '" $resence1 and I corroborate
'an" of t+e facts and crc)'stances 'entoned n t+e abo2e re$ort. I a'
no8 reE)ested b" t+e lades to sa" t+at t+e" do not 8s+ t+er na'es to
a$$ear n $)blc.
LO:I( R!ORR1 /.,.
(%V%!!%-1 <ctober .=th, *AAA.
7)d&e 6. ,. -%R,E!1
/Y ,E%R 4RIE!,1T+e dela" n ans8ern& "o)rs of t+e @t+ nst. 8as
ca)sed b" /rs. B.1 8+o sent 'e +er ans8er onl" an +o)r a&o1
not8t+standn& '" +a2n& re'nded +er a doNen t'es.
+ii,JON-
%s "o) see fro' +er state'ent1 t+e e#act date of t+e 'e'orable sUance
cannot be &2en b" +er. B)t so'e concdental occ)rrences L'entoned n
detal1 s+o8 t+at t 8as 'ost l3el"M t+e *;t+ or t+e .>t+ of /a" last. It s
certan t+at t 8as a ()nda"1 as /rs. B. states1 for I re'e'ber t+at1 8+en I
ret)rned fro' 6l'n&ton Island t+at ()nda"1 /rs. R. told 'e t+at /ss
!na B. +ad been +ere and +ad told +er to nfor' 'e t+at so'et+n&
'$ortant +ad +a$$ened t+at afternoon1 and s+e +ad $leasant ne8s to
co'')ncate to 'e. I &)essed at once 8+at t referred toG for t+e" +ad all
alon& been so an#o)s to &et so'e nfor'aton abo)t t+at note1 and I 8as
$resent at t+e se2eral $re2o)s sUances1 8+en neffect)al atte'$ts +ad been
'ade to &et t+at nfor'aton.Y
I see /rs. B. does not ans8er !o. . of ,r. -.5s E)estons (date of sttn&
8+ere E)eston abo)t t+e note 8as frst as3ed) at allG so I 8ll do so as far as
I can. It 8as abo)t a 8ee3 after /aDor B.5s de'se t+at t+e E)eston 8as $)t
n '" $resence1 and f)rt+er at se2eral s)bseE)ent sUances at 8+c+ I 8as
$resentG b)t no e#act dates co)ld be &2en1 f)rt+er t+an t+at t occ)rred1 sa"1
bet8een t+e Bt+ of %$rl and t+e *;t+ of /a"1 on se2eral occasons n '"
$resence1 and n t+e $resence of /rs. B.1 /ss !na B.1 and so'et'es of
t+e "o)n&est c+ld (Lette1 e&+t or nne "ears).
In ans8er to !o. ? of ,r. -.5s E)estons (Is /rs. B. certan t+at net+er
s+e nor +er da)&+ter $)t t+e 2est a8a"W9) I +a2e to state t+at I +a2e t+e
re$eated ass)rance of bot+ t+e lades t+at t+e" feel s)re t+at t+e" dd not $)t
t+e 2est a8a"1 nor t+at t+e" +ad t+e least s)s$con t+at t+ere co)ld +a2e
been so 2al)able a $a$er n t+at 2estC$oc3et1 or else t+e" 8o)ld +a2e +)nted
for t+e 2est n t+at dra8er1 a'on& ot+ers 8+ere clot+n& '&+t +a2e been
sto8ed a8a"1 and t+)s s+o)ld +a2e dsco2ered 8+at t+e" +)nted for.
%nd as to E)eston !o. < (Can an" 'ore defnte state'ent be obtaned
concernn& t+e $)ttn& a8a" of t+e 2estW9) I +a2e to state t+at /rs. B. and
/ss B. al8a"s t+o)&+t t+at t+er co)sn (/ss /el T+o'as)1 8+o +ad 8t+
t+e 'ost selfCsacrfcn& de2oton n)rsed t+e 'aDor d)rn& +s sc3ness and
+ad t+e entre 'ana&e'ent of t+e sc3 roo'1 +ad $)t t a8a". B)t on
E)estonn& +er s+e sad s+e +ad no recollecton of so trfln& an occ)rrence.
In ans8er to E)eston !o. B (6+o 8ere $resentW9) /rs. B. sa"s1
Possbl" one of t+e c+ldren.9 I +a2e to e#$lan t+s ans8er. (+e o)&+t to
+a2e ans8ered1 Possbl" '" "o)n&est c+ld1 Lette.9 4or of +er c+ldren1
besdes /ss !na1 t s onl" Lette 8+o +as so'et+n& to do 8t+ t+ese
sUancess+e ben& a far stron&er 'ed)' t+an /rs. B. or /ss B.b)t at
t+e sa'e t'e does not feel t+e least nterest n t+e 'atterG on t+e contrar"1
+ates to be called a8a" fro' +er dolls1 $)ts +er +ands on t+e sldn&Crod
8t+ a &reat deal of &r)'bln&1 and s al8a"s 2er" &lad to &et off1 t+e sooner
t+e better.
/ss !na re$orted to 'e t+at t+at ()nda" s+e and +er sster Lette 8ere
frst +oldn& co'')ncaton 8t+ t+er fat+er and rece2ed so'e $leasant
and con2ncn& 'essa&es fro' t+er fat+erG t+en Lette 8o)ld not contn)e
an" lon&er. It 8as t+en t+at /ss !. called +er 'ot+er to ta3e Lette5s $lace1
and t+e res)lt 8as t+e &ettn& of t+at 'essa&e n re&ard to t+e note. (o1 "o)
see1 t 'a" +a2e been $ossble t+at Lette +ad not left t+e roo' "et at t+e
t'e.
LO:I( R!ORR.
<ctober .=th, *AAA.
/R. RIC-%R, -O,G(O!1,E%R (IR1In ans8er to "o)r E)estons I
8ll sa"J *. /aDor B. ded D)st at s)nrse (Easter 'ornn&)1 frst da" of %$rl1
*AAA. +ii,JOO- .. I told all I 3no8 abo)t $)ttn& a8a" t+e 2est. ;. %bo)t
t+ree o5cloc31 ()nda"1 t+e frst or second 8ee3 n /a". /"self and da)&+ter
8ere t+e onl" ones $resent t+at I re'e'ber$ossbl" one of t+e c+ldren. It
+a$$ened D)st as I stated. To 'e t+ere s b)t one sol)ton.In &reat +aste1
2er" res$ectf)ll"1
L(&nedM E.4.B.
)** A . Note.I t+n3 t 2er" desrable t+at as 'an" $ersons as $ossble
s+o)ld $ro2de a decs2e test of t+er o8n dentt"1 n case t+e" s+o)ld fnd
t+e'sel2es able to co'')ncate t+ro)&+ an" senst2e after t+er bodl"
deat+. T+e s'$lest $lan s to 8rte do8n so'e sentence e'bod"n& an dea
or a na'e 8+c+ "o) feel t $robable t+at "o) 8ll re'e'ber1 f "o)
re'e'ber an"t+n&1 and t+en to seal t+s sentence )$ n an en2elo$e1
8t+o)t co'')ncatn& t to an" $erson 8+ate2er. T+en label t+e en2elo$e
Post+)'o)s letter19 and send t1 acco'$aned b" a letter &2n& na'e and
address1 to t+e (ecretar"1 (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+1 .>1 -ano2er
(E)are1 London1 6. T+e (ecretar" 8ll ac3no8led&e rece$t1 and store t+e
letter safel"1 8t+ ot+ers of t+e 3nd. If1 t+en1 t+e 8rter (t 'a" be 'an"
"ears after8ards) fnds +'self ca$able of sendn& a 'essa&e fro' t+e ot+er
8orld1 let +' 'enton t+s test sentence1 and tr" to re$rod)ce t. T+e sealed
en2elo$e can t+en be o$enedG and f t+e s$rt5s 'essa&e s+o)ld be fo)nd to
concde 8t+ t+e 8ords t+eren 8rtten1 t+ere 8ll be as &ood a $roof as 8e
can &et t+at t+at 'essa&e +as at an" rate not e'anated fro' an" l2n& 'ndG
and +as e'anated1 t+erefore1 fro' so'e )nl'ted so)rce of 3no8led&e1 or
8+c+ 8ll see' to 'ost $ersons 'ore $robablefro' t+e s)r22n&
'nd of t+e or&nal 8rter.
+ii,KPP-
APPENDICES
TO
CHAPTER IX
91( A . T+e follo8n& acco)nt of ,r. 7o+n L. !e2)s5s boo3 on *emon
&ossession and Aied Themes (.nd Edton. 4le'n& -. Re2ell Co.1
C+ca&o1 !e8 Yor31 Toronto1 *A@B) s ta3en fro' a re2e8 b" Professor 6.
Ro'ane !e8bold n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. B>..
,r. !e2)s 8as for fort" "ears a 'ssonar" n C+na. Earl" n +s
'nstr" +e fo)nd t+at de'on $ossesson s a co''on occ)rrence a'on&
t+e C+nese1 and alt+o)&+ +e 8as able to obser2e n $erson one case onl"1
+e s)cceeded n collectn& a lar&e a'o)nt of nfor'aton abo)t t+e
$+eno'ena and t+e constr)cton $)t )$on t+e' b" t+e nat2es. T+s 'ateral
for's t+e bass of +s boo3.
% fe8 ll)stratons 8ll ser2e to &2e a conce$ton of ts &eneral
c+aracter. T+e second case s t+at of a 'o)ntaneer1 R8o b" na'e1 8+o
&2es an acco)nt of +s o8n e#$erences. -e +ad been arran&n& for t+e
+o)se+old 8ors+$ of t+e Goddess 6an&C/)nan&1 8+en one n&+t +e
drea'ed t+at t+e &oddess a$$eared to +' and anno)nced t+at s+e +ad ta3en
)$ +er abode n +s +o)se. T+s 8as follo8ed after t+e la$se of a fe8 da"s
b" a feeln& of restlessness co)$led 8t+ an rratonal '$)lse to &a'bleG +s
'nd beca'e conf)sed1 'e'or" 8as '$ared. -e 8as t+en seNed b" an
e$le$tfor' attac31 to 8+c+ s)cceeded 'ana 8t+ +o'cdal '$)lses.
T+e de'on9 $rocla'ed ts $resence1 de'anded 8ors+$. :$on
co'$lance 8t+ ts de'ands t de$arted. 4or so'e 'ont+s t+e de'on9
rea$$eared at nter2als1 $ro'sed to +eal dsease. R8o notes t+at 'an"
dseases 8ere not )nder ts control1 and t see'ed as f t co)ld $erfectl"
c)re onl" s)c+ as 8ere nflcted b" s$rts9a s&nfcant re'ar3. 6+en t+e
s)fferer beca'e a C+rstan1 t+e de'on9 dsa$$eared1 sa"n& T+s s no
$lace for 'e.9
Case ; s narrated b" a nat2e C+rstan. -e descrbed t+e $atent as
sttn& )$1 +er e"es closed1 8t+ a fl)ttern& 'oton of t+e e"elds1 +er
co)ntenance l3e one 8ee$n& and t+e fn&ers of bot+ +ands t&+tl"
clenc+ed. (+e 8o)ld allo8 no one to stra&+ten +er closed fn&ers. I t+en1
+ardl" e#$ectn& an ans8er1 as t+e 8o'an +ad +t+erto been s$eec+less1
sad to t+e de'onJ H-a2e "o) no fear of GodW 6+" do "o) co'e +ere to
afflct t+s 8o'anWI To t+s I rece2ed nstantl" t+e follo8n& re$l"J HGod
and C+rst 8ll not nterfere. I +a2e been +ere se2en or e&+t "earsG and I
cla' t+s as '" restn&C$lace. Yo) cannot &et rd of 'e.I9 T+s $atent 8as
rele2ed b" $ra"er.
In se2eral nstances t+e de'on9 cla's dentt" 8t+ t+e s$rt of so'e
+ii,KPG- deceased +)'an ben&. T+)s n case .< a brde on +er 8eddn&
n&+t 8as seNed b" 8+at $)r$orted to be t+e s$rt of a &rl to 8+o' +er
+)sband +ad been en&a&ed1 and 8+o +ad dro8ned +erself on acco)nt of t+e
llCtreat'ent of +er f)t)re 'ot+erCnCla8. In ot+er cases t+e de'on9 cla's
to be one of t+e lo8er an'alse.g. n one 8+c+ occ)rred n 7a$an ($a&e
*>?) t $rofessed tself a fo#.
T+e entre collecton &2es a 'ost nterestn& &l'$se of C+nese
s$rts'. 6e fnd t+e c)lt of s$rts a reco&nsed nstt)ton. P+"scal
$+eno'ena9 are alle&ed to be 'atters of dal" occ)rrence. E2er" 2lla&e +as
ts 'ed)'.9 T+e de2elo$n& sUance9 +as ts co)nter$art ($a&e B=). T+e
'ed)' so'et'es &oes nto E)et trance19 and so'et'es co'')ncaton
8t+ t+e )nseen 8orld s effected b" 'eans of an nstr)'ent essentall"
dentcal 8t+ $lanc+ette ($a&es <A1 B@).
E2dence of t+s sort s not 8t+o)t ts 2al)e as &on& to s+o8 t+at
s$rts' s a &ro8t+ nd&eno)s to 'an" co)ntres1 t+at t s a $la)sble
nter$retaton of $+eno'ena 8+c+ occ)r s$ontaneo)sl" a'on& all races1
and s not 'erel" a 'ass of '$ost)re based )$on t+e Roc+ester
3noc3n&s9 and $ec)lar to t+e last +alf of t+e nneteent+ cent)r". B)t f one
as3s 8+at ,r. !e2)s +as done to8ards 2ndcatn& t+e $o$)lar
nter$retaton of t+ese $+eno'ena1 t+e re$l" cannot b)t be )nfa2o)rable.
E2er" $a&e bears 8tness to t+e a)t+or5s desre to be e#act n
descr$ton1 )nbassed n nter$retaton1 and D)st n crtcs'G t s rat+er +s
'sfort)ne t+an +s fa)lt t+at +e +as fallen so far s+ort of t+e 'ar3 n all
t+ree res$ects. Practcall" all +s 'ateral rests )$on t+e e2dence of nat2e
C+nese or /on&olan8tnesses. %ll are f)ll" con2nced of t+e
dabolcal or&n of t+e $+eno'ena1 and ,r. !e2)s +'self ta3es t+e sa'e
2e81 so t+at 8e can scarcel" acce$t t+e acco)nts as lterall" tr)e and
)ncolo)red b" $reconce$tons. ()c+ e2dence can scarcel" do 'ore t+an
s)$$l" ll)stratons of facts alread" nde$endentl" establs+ed.
Of alle&ed s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena t+e boo3 s al'ost barren. One case
of a Polter&est9 rests solel" )$on t+e e2dence of /on&olans1 8+o' t+e
'ssonar" trans'ttn& t+e acco)nt st&'atses as so 'b)ed1 one and all1
8t+ t+e s$rt of l"n& t+at I +a2e fo)nd t )seless to re$eat 8+at t+e 'ost
res$ectable sa".9 In a fe8 ot+er cases t s cla'ed t+at t+e de'onac 8as
$ossessed of s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e and of t+e &ft of +ealn&1 b)t no
defnte facts are &2en.
9(3 A . 4or acco)nts of t+e '$ost)res of /ada'e Bla2ats3" and ot+er
'e'bers of t+e T+eoso$+cal (ocet"1 seeJ
(*) Re$ort of t+e Co''ttee a$$onted to In2est&ate P+eno'ena
connected 8t+ t+e T+eoso$+cal (ocet"19 n &roceedings (.P.R. (2ol. .
$$. .>*K<>>). T+s Co''ttee 8as a$$onted n *AA< b" t+e Co)ncl of t+e
(ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+. It conssted of t+e follo8n& 'e'bersJ
/essrs. E. G)rne"1 R. -od&son1 4. 6. -. /"ers1 4. Pod'ore1 Professor and
/rs. -. (d&8c31 and /r. 7. -. (tac3. T+e re$ort s $refaced b" t+e
(tate'ent and Concl)sons of t+e Co''ttee9G ne#t co'es ,r. -od&son5s
%cco)nt of Personal In2est&atons n Inda1 and dsc)sson of t+e
a)t+ors+$ of t+e HRoot -oo'I letters9G n)'ero)s facs'les of t+e letters
are &2en1 to&et+er 8t+ a re$ort b" t+e e#$ert1 +ii,KPH- /r. 4. G.
!et+erclft1 on t+e c+aracter of t+e +and8rtn&s. %n acco)nt of so'e ot+er
$+eno'enafo)r cases of letters rece2ed n a '"stero)s 'anner1 and fo)r
cases of s)$$osed astral9 a$$artons8as contrb)ted b" /rs. (d&8c3.
(.) T+e ,efence of t+e T+eoso$+sts19 b" ,r. R. -od&son1 n
&roceedings (.P.R. (2ol. #. $$. *.@K*?@). T+s conssts of re$les to attac3s
on t+e abo2e Re$ort.
(;) A 2odern &riestess o$ (sisV abrd&ed and translated on be+alf of t+e
(ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+ fro' t+e R)ssan of V. (. (olo2"off1 b"
6alter Leaf1 Ltt.,. (Lon&'ans1 Green & Co.1 London1 *A@?). To /r.
(olo2"off5s narrat2e are added n a$$endces a defence of /ada'e
Bla2ats3" b" +er sster1 /ada'e 7el+o2s3"1 and /r. (olo2"off5s re$l" to
t+e latter.
(<) (sis very much WnveiedV ben& t+e (tor" of t+e &reat /a+at'a
-oa#1 b" Ed')nd GarrettG re$rnted fro' t+e Destminster :a3ette, *A@?.
(?) T+e c+a$ter on /ada'e Bla2ats3" and T+eoso$+"19 n /r. 4.
Pod'ore5s Studies in &sychica 7esearch (Re&an Pa)l1 Trenc+1 Trqbner &
Co.1 London1 *A@=).
(ee also1 for re2e8s of (;) and (<)1 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$.
*??K*B..
9(3 B . T+e follo8n& artcles n t+e &roceedings (.P.R. relate to 8or3
done b" 'e'bers of t+e (ocet" n e#$osn& fra)d n connecton 8t+ so'e
alle&ed $+"scal $+eno'ena9 of s$rt)als'1 and n s+o8n& 8+at
condtons are necessar" n order to &)ard a&anst t.
Res)lts of a Personal In2est&aton nto t+e P+"scal P+eno'ena of
($rt)als'1 8t+ so'e crtcal re'ar3s on t+e e2dence for t+e &en)neness
of s)c+ P+eno'ena19 b" /rs. -. (d&8c3
*
(2ol. 2. $. <?).
%cco)nts of so'e soCcalled H($rt)alstcI (Uances19 b" Professor -.
Car2ll Le8s and ot+ers (2ol. 2. $. ;;A).
T+e Possbltes of /alCobser2aton and La$se of /e'or" fro' a
$ractcal $ont of 2e819 b" R. -od&son and (. 7. ,a2e" (2ol. 2. $. ;A*).
T+e t8o lastCna'ed artcles relate c+efl" to t+e slateC8rtn&9
$erfor'ances of t+e 'ed)' E&lnton1 and /r. ,a2e"5s s)ccessf)l 'taton
of t+e' b" conD)rn&. !)'ero)s dsc)ssons on t+e sa'e s)bDect a$$eared
n t+e 1ourna (.P.R. d)rn& *AAB and *AA= (2ols. . and .).
On ($rt P+oto&ra$+s19 b" /rs. -. (d&8c3 (2ol. 2. $. .BA).
/r. ,a2e"5s I'tatons b" ConD)rn& of P+eno'ena so'et'es
attrb)ted to ($rt %&enc"19 b" R. -od&son (2ol. 2. $. .?;).
Indan /a&c and t+e Test'on" of ConD)rers19 b" R. -od&son (2ol. #.
$. ;?<).
Resol)te Cred)lt"19 b" 4. 6. -. /"ers (2ol. #. $. .*;).
E)sa$a Paladno19 an acco)nt b" Professor (d&8c3 of sttn&s +eld
8t+ +er at Ca'brd&e n *A@?1 n t+e 1ourna (.P.R. (2ol. 2. $. *<A).
+ii,KPI-
I 'a" f)rt+er refer '" readers to t+e follo8n& boo3sJ
Studies in &sychica 7esearch, b" 4ran3 Pod'ore (Re&an Pa)l1 Trenc+1
Trqbner & Co.1 London1 *A@=).
2odern SpirituaismV a 'istory and a Criticism, b" 4ran3 Pod'ore
(/et+)en & Co.1 London1 *@>.).
&reiminary 7eport o$ the Commission appointed by the Wniversity o$
&ennsyvania to investigate 2odern Spirituaism, n accordance 8t+ t+e
reE)est of t+e late -enr" (e"bert (7. B. L$$ncott Co'$an"1 P+ladel$+a1
*AA=).
The *eath,)o# to SpirituaismV ben& t+e tr)e stor" of t+e 4o# (sters1
as re2ealed b" a)t+ort" of /ar&aret 4o# Rane and Cat+erne 4o# 7enc3en1
b" Re)ben Br&&s ,a2en$ort (!e8 Yor3J 7. 6. ,lln&+a' Co.1 *AAAG also
*A@=).
7eveations o$ a Spirit 2edium/ or Spirituaistic 2ysteries 80posedV a
detaled e#$lanaton of t+e 'et+ods )sed b" fra)d)lent 'ed)'s. B" a
/ed)' ((t. Pa)l1 /nn.J 4arrn&ton & Co.1 *A@*).
The )ottom 9acts concerning the Science o$ Spirituaism derived $rom
care$u investigations covering a period o$ t#enty,$ive years, b" 7o+n 6.
Tr)esdell. 6t+ 'an" descr$t2e ll)stratons (!e8 Yor3J G. 6. Carleton
& Co.G LondonJ (. Lo8 & Co.1 *AA<).
Con$essions o$ a 2edium (Grfft+ & 4arran1 London1 *AA.).
Spirit Sate,#riting and Uindred &henomena, b" 6lla' E. Robnson
(!e8 Yor3J /)nn & Co.1 *A@AG LondonJ (a'$son Lo81 /arston & Co.).
T+s contans a &ood acco)nt b" a $rofessonal conD)rer of 2aro)s 'et+ods
of $rod)cn& slateC8rtn& b" trc3er".
Some Account o$ the Campires o$ <nset, &ast and &resent ((.
6oodberr" & Co.1 Boston1 *A@.).
2odern Spirituaism, b" 7. !. /as3el"ne (LondonJ 4. 6arne & Co.).
9(, A . %n nstance of a s)$$osed tele3netc $+eno'enon 8+c+ 8as
$robabl" to be attrb)ted to 'otor a)to'ats' s t+at 'entoned n t+e case
of /'e. 0. (see )33 ) 8+en1 as s+e 8as standn& on a c+ar1 t+e c+ar 8as
2olentl" snatc+ed fro' )nder +er feet and $)s+ed to a dstance9 b"as s+e
bele2edso'e n2sble force.9 (o'e ncdents of a s'lar 3nd are
descrbed n Professor 4lo)rno"5s +stor" of /dlle. ('t+ (b)t not referred
to n '" acco)nt of t+s senst2e n )3+ K)+().
Ra$s are 'entoned n t+e case of Professor RossCPa&non . )'+ A /G n
t+e PUrUl&)ne case . )') A / ra$s and t+e 'o2e'ent of a +ea2" )nto)c+ed
table are descrbedG and n t+e case of /r. 4. -od&son . )') B / t+ere see'
to +a2e been 2aro)s tele3netc 'o2e'ents besdes ra$s. In t+ese last t8o
cases t+e tele3netc $+eno'ena 8ere a$$arentl" connected 8t+ a recent
deat+1 and t 8ll be re'e'bered t+at 'an" of t+e better e2denced &ro)$s
of s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena see'ed to cl)ster abo)t t+e $ont of deat+1 so'e
occ)rrn& s+ortl" before and so'e s+ortl" after t1 8+le ot+ers 'ore closel"
concde 8t+ t+e deat+ tself. I E)ote +ere a s'$le case of an solated
'o2e'ent1 occ)rrn& s+ortl" before a deat+ +ii,KPJ- )nder crc)'stances
8+c+ see' to &2e t a 3nd of concdental or $)r$os2e c+aracter. T+e
reader s+o)ld co'$are 8t+ t+s t+e acco)nt of t+e 6oodd 3noc3n&s9 to
8+c+ I +a2e brefl" referred n )') C.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *?<. T+e acco)nt s &2en b" t+e
Re2. Ed8ard T. Va)&+an1 of Lan&le"b)r" Vcara&e1 Rn&5s Lan&le"1 8+o
8rtesJ
August .?th, *AA<.
(o'e t+ree or fo)r "ears bac31 I +ad occason to 2st a $ars+oner 8+o
8as sero)sl" ll1 one afternoon n t+e 8nter t'e as t 8as &ro8n& dar3. I
+ad seen +' se2eral t'es before snce +s llness co''enced1 and +ad
al8a"s fo)nd +' n t+e sa'e bedroo'. On t+s occason I +ad been $ra"n&
8t+ +'1 and +s 8fe 8as 3neeln& at t+e o$$oste sde of t+e bed to
'"self. %s I 8as sa"n& t+e last 8ords of t+e $ra"er1 8e (t+e 8o'an and
'"self) dstnctl" sa8 a s'all table1 8+c+ stood abo)t a "ard fro' t+e foot
of t+e bed1 rse t8o or t+ree nc+es fro' t+e &ro)nd and co'e do8n 8t+ a
2olent t+)'$ )$on t+e floor1 so lo)dl" t+at t+e 'an1 8+o 8as l"n& 8t+ +s
e"es closed1 started )$ and as3ed1 8t+ so'e terror1 8+at +ad occasoned t.
On e#a'nn& t+e table1 I fo)nd t+at a &lass 8t+ 'edcne n t1 8+c+ stood
)$on t+e table 8t+ se2eral ot+er artcles1 +ad been so s+a3en t+at so'e of
t+e contents 8ere s$lt. /" frst dea 8as t+at so'et+n& +ad been t+ro8n
do8n n t+e roo' belo81 8+ere '" 8fe1 a sster of t+e 8o'an5s1 and an
a&ed )ncle 8ere sttn&. On &on& do8nstars and nE)rn&1 I fo)nd t+at t+s
8as not soG t+at t+e" +ad been all sttn& $erfectl" E)et n t+e roo'1 and
t+o)&+t #e +ad t+ro8n do8n so'et+n& n t+e bedroo'. T+ere 8as no one
else n t+e +o)se. T+e 'an ded abo)t a 8ee3 after t+s too3 $lace.
E. T. V%:G-%!1 Vcar of Lan&le"b)r".
/r. Va)&+an 8rtes laterJ
1une .=th, *AAA.
I enclose accordn& to "o)r 8s+ a state'ent fro' /rs. Va)&+an of
8+at s+e re'e'bers of t+e c)ro)s ncdent. I a' sorr" to sa" t+e 8do81
t+o)&+ s+e stll l2es n t+s 2lla&e1 s not ca$able of #riting do8n a
state'ent of 8+at s+e sa8 and +eard t+at e2enn&1 t+o)&+ s+e can &2e a
2er" clear acco)nt of t+e crc)'stances to an" one 8+o e#a'nes +er orall".
T+e 'an5s na'e 8as 7o+n 6lson1 a brc3la"er n t+e e'$lo" of t+e Earl of
Clarendon. -e ded on ,ece'ber =t+1 *AA*1 abo)t a 8ee3 after t+e stran&e
occ)rrence. I +a2e ne2er snce e#$erenced an" s'lar $+eno'enon.
E,6%R, T. V%:G-%!.
/rs. Va)&+an 8rtes )nder t+e sa'e date as follo8sJ
In confr'aton of t+e stor" of 6lson5s deat+bed1 I can sa" I 8as sttn&
n t+e roo' belo8 t+e sc3 'an5s 8t+ t8o ot+er $eo$le (+s ssterCnCla8
and )ncle)1 n $erfect slence1 as e2er" 8ord read n t+e roo' abo2e co)ld
be dstnctl" +eard b" )s. 7)st as t+e last 8ords of t+e $ra"er 8ere ben&
sad1 8e 8ere startled b" a lo)d and s)dden nose1 as f so'e +ea2" $ece of
f)rnt)re +ad fallen n t+e roo' abo2e. /" frst '$resson 8as t+at t+e 'an
8as ta3en 8orse1 and t+at +s 8fe1 'o2n& +astl" to +'1 +ad 3noc3ed o2er
a table. !one of )s s$o3e1 t+o)&+ 8e started and loo3ed at eac+ ot+er1 and
e#$ected to +ear so'e one calledG b)t al'ost t+e ne#t 'n)te I +eard /r.
Va)&+an address t+e 'an on lea2n&1 and co'e do8nstars 8t+ t+e 8fe. I
8ent to +ii,KPK- 'eet t+e' 8t+ +er sster1 and t+o)&+ not+n& 'ore 8as
sad b" an" of )s t+an &oodCb"e19 I sa8 b" all t+e faces t+at so'et+n&
)n)s)al +ad +a$$ened. %s soon as 8e 8ere o)t of t+e +o)se I sad to /r.
Va)&+an1 6+at #as t+at nose D)st as "o) 8ere readn& t+e $ra"ersW9 and
+e told 'e t+e stor" "o) +a2e +eard1 and t for'ed t+e $rnc$al to$c of o)r
lon& 8al3 +o'e1 8ondern& 8+at t 8as1 and tr"n& to e#$lan t1 8t+o)t n
t+e least co'n& to an" concl)son b)t &reater 8onder.
E. L. V%:G-%!.
T+s s a bref and s'$le ncdentG b)t t s $artc)larl" +ard to e#$lan
b" ordnar" ca)sess)c+ as an eart+E)a3e or a 'sta3en 'e'or".
9(' A . (C-E/E O4 VIT%L 4%C:LTY.
T+e follo8n& sc+e'e s not $)t fort+ as e#$ressn& delberate
con2ctons1 s)$$orted b" adeE)ate e2dence. Its s$ec)lat2e c+aracter +as1
n fact1 e#cl)ded t fro' '" te#t1 "et I +o$e t+at t 'a" not be 8t+o)t ts
)se. 4or 'an" 'en t+e dffc)lt" of belef s not so ')c+ n defect of
tr)st8ort+" e2dence as n t+e )nntell&blt"1 t+e incoherence of t+e
$+eno'ena descrbed1 8+c+ $re2ents t+e' fro' ben& retaned n t+e 'nd
or ass'lated 8t+ $re2o)s 3no8led&e.
I +a2e '"self felt t+e f)ll force of t+s obDecton1 and I bele2e t+at so'e
effort to 'eet t +as beco'e absol)tel" needf)l. :ndo)btedl" a record of
facts 8t+o)t t+eores s t+e frst essental. B)t t+e facts nd2d)all" are l3e
stones t+at fall do8n fro' 7)$ter19solated 'ar2els1 eac+ of 8+c+
see's ncredble )ntl 8e +a2e 'ade s+ft to coll&ate t+e' all.
Tr)t+19 as 8e +a2e n t+s researc+ constant need to re'e'ber1
e'er&es 'ore readl" fro' error t+an fro' conf)sonG9 and t s n t+e
$lace of absol)te conf)son8andern& as 8e are per incertam unam, sub
uce maignFt+at I $ont to $at+8a"s 8+c+ 'a" lead so'e8+t+er1
t+o)&+ t be 8t+ ')c+ of error b" t+e 8a".
6t+ t+s a$olo&"1 'ade once for all1 I enter )$on a tas3 8+ose
$ro2sonal and +aNardo)s c+aracter no one can feel 'ore stron&l" t+an
'"self.
Let )s be&n1 t+en1 b" ta3n& t+e 'ost &eneralsed 2e8 $ossble of all
t+ese $+eno'ena. T+e" a$$ear1 at an" rate1 to de$end )$on t+e $resence of
l2n& +)'an ben&sG and t+e" are t+erefore n so'e sense $+eno'ena of
i$e. If1 t+en1 t+e" are $+eno'ena of lfe1 t+e" ')st be n so'e 8a" der2ed
fro'1 or ')st bear so'e analo&" to1 t+e 2tal $+eno'ena1 t+e fac)ltes and
f)nctons 8t+ 8+c+ 8e are fa'lar n t+e e#$erence of e2er" da". Yet to
sa" t+s brn&s )s lttle nearer to o)r a'. ($rts 'a" +a2e r)led /r. /oses5
'nd and bod" D)st as tr)l" as o)r o8n consco)s 8ll r)les o)r 'nd and
bod".
*
B)t t+e res)lts 8+c+ t+e" $rod)ced 8ere so dfferent fro' an"
res)lts 8+c+ 8e can $rod)ce t+at t s +ard to 3no8 8+ere to be&n t+e
co'$arson. Is t+ere not so'e 'ddle +ii,KPL- ter'1 so'e nter'edate
seres1 8t+ 8+c+ bot+ t+ese e#tre'e seres 'a" +a2e $onts of
rese'blanceW
It s +ere t+at 8e o)&+t to feel t+e ad2anta&e of $re2o)s dsc)ssons on
'an5s o8n s)$ernor'al fac)ltes1on t+e $o8ers of t+e (elf belo8 t+e
t+res+old of ordnar" consco)sness. 6e +a2e traced t+ese $o8ers n detalG
8e +a2e noted t+e e#tenson of t+e nor'al s$ectr)' of consco)sness
be"ond bot+ red and 2olet ends1 n res$onse to s)bl'nal control. Per+a$s
t+e $rofo)nder conce$ton of t+e (elf t+)s &aned 'a" +el$ )s to brd&e
o2er t+at &)lf bet8een t+e $erfor'ances of t+e ordnar" 'an and t+ose of
t+e soCcalled 'ed)' 8+c+ +eretofore +as n2ol2ed so dffc)lt a lea$. 6e
'a" fnd t+at t+e s$rt5s $o8er o2er t+e or&ans' 8+c+ t controls or
$ossesses198+le $ossbl" &on& ')c+ f)rt+er t+an an" s)bl'nal $o8er
n t+e or&ans' tself1 as 3no8n to )s1'a" "et ad2ance alon& s'lar
lnes1 and rece2e e#$lanaton fro' +"$notc or tele$at+c $+eno'ena. I 8ll
endea2o)r1 t+en1 to set sde b" sde1 n tab)lar for'1 t+e 'an +eads of 2tal
$rocess or fac)lt" as e#ercsed (*) )nder nor'al or s)$ral'nal controlG (.)
)nder s)bl'nal and tele$at+c controlG (;) )nder 8+at s cla'ed as
dse'boded or s$rt)al control.
In arran&n& t+s sc+e'e '" frst obDect s to brn& all s)c+ $+eno'ena
as 8e act)all" +a2e before )s nto ntell&ble connectonG ntrod)cn& b" t+e
8a" a fe8 of t+e e#$lanatons &2en to /r. /oses b" +s &)des. T+ose
e#$lanatons1 +o8e2er1 are for t+e 'ost $art sl&+t and 2a&)e1 and o)r
e#$er'ental 3no8led&e of t+e $+eno'ena s1 of co)rse1 'erel" nascent and
fra&'entar". /" sc+e'e1 t+erefore1 cannot a' at co'$lete lo&cal
arran&e'ent. It ')st n2ol2e bot+ re$ettons and lac)nF nor can t be s)c+
as t+e $+"solo&st 8o)ld care to sancton. B)t t 8ll1 at least1 be a frst
atte'$t at a connected sc+ed)le or ratonal nde# of $+eno'ena a$$arentl"
so ds$arate t+at t+e 2er" $ossblt" of t+er nterde$endence s e2en no8
constantl" dened.
SYNOPSIS OF VITAL FACULTY.
I.
FIRST SERIES:PHENOMENA SUPRALIMINALLY CONTROLLED, OR
OCCURRING IN ORDINARY LIFE.
*. ()$ral'nal or e'$rcal consco)snessG a8are onl" of t+e 'ateral
8orld t+ro)&+ sensor" '$ressons.
.. P+"scal n)trton1 ncl)dn& res$raton.
a. P+"solo&cal and $at+olo&cal $rocesses and $rod)cts.
;. P+"scal e#$endt)reG acton on 'ateral and et+eral en2ron'ent.
a. /ec+ancal 8or3 done at t+e e#$ense of food ass'lated.
b. Prod)cton of +eat1 odo)r1 so)nd1 c+e'cal c+an&es1 as t+e
res)lt of $roto$las'c 'etabols'.
c. Prod)cton of et+eral dst)rbancesG as e'sson of l&+t and
&eneraton of electrcal ener&". +ii,KPM-
<. %cton on t+e ncarnaton of lfe on t+e $lanet.
a. Re$rod)cton1 as $+"solo&cal d2son.
?. /ental n)trtonG sensor" rece$t2t".
a. Ordnar" senseC$erce$ton.
b. /e'or".
B. /ental e#$endt)reG res$onse to st')l.
a. IntraCcerebral res$onseG deaton.
b. E'otonG 8llG 2ol)ntar" nner2aton.
=. /odfcatons of s)$ral'nal $ersonalt".
a. Brt+G as $+"solo&cal nd2d)aton.
b. (lee$G 8t+ drea's1 as oscllatons of t+e consco)s t+res+old.
c. /eta'or$+osesG as of nsects and a'$+bansG and
$ol"'or$+s'1 as of +"droNoaG ')lt$le# $ersonalt".
d. ,eat+G as P+"solo&cal ,ssol)ton.
II.
SECOND SERIES:PHENOMENA SUBLIMINALLY CONTROLLED.
*. ()bl'nal consco)snessG obsc)rel" a8are of t+e transcendental
8orld1 t+ro)&+ tele$at+c and telFst+etc '$ressons.
.. P+"scal n)trton 'odfed b" s)bl'nal control.
a. ()&&eston1 selfCs)&&eston1 $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs.
b. (t&'atsaton.
;. P+"scal e#$endt)re 'odfed b" s)bl'nal control.
a. /ec+ancal 8or3 'odfed b" $+"scal nte&raton or
dsnte&ratonG +"stera.
b. Prod)cton of +eat1 and ot+er s$ecfc effects )$on 'atter1
s)bl'nall" 'odfed.
c. E'sson of l&+t1 and &eneraton of electrcal ener&"
'odfed
<. %cton on t+e ncarnaton of lfe on t+e $lanet.
a. Prenatal s)&&eston t+ro)&+ nter'edate or&ans' of $arent.
?. /ental n)trton (sensor" and s)$ersensor" rece$t2t") s)bl'nall"
controlled.
a. -"$erFst+esaG anFst+esaG anal&esa.
b. -"$er'nesaG 'anfested n drea's or a)to'ats's.
c. tele$at+"G 2erdcal +all)cnatonsG sensor" a)to'ats'.
d. TelFst+esa or clar2o"anceG $erce$ton of dstant scenesG
retroco&ntonG $reco&nton.
B. /ental e#$endt)reG res$onse to st')l 'odfed b" s)bl'nal
control.
a. ()bl'nal deatonG t+e ns$ratons of &en)s.
b. /otor a)to'ats'G conc)rrent consco)snessG +"$erbo)la.
c. E#tradton of 8llC$o8er be"ond t+e or&ans'G teler&"G selfC
$roDecton. +ii,KPN-
=. /odfcatons of s)bl'nal $ersonalt".
a. Brt+G as s$rt)al nd2d)aton.
b. (lee$ and tranceG selfCs)&&ested or tele$at+call" s)&&estedG
8t+ clar2o"ant 2sons.
c. Ecstas".
d. ,eat+G as rre2ocable selfC$roDecton of t+e s$rt.
III.
THIRD SERIES:PHENOMENA CLAIMED AS SPIRITUALLY CONTROLLED
*. ()bl'nal consco)sness1 dscernn& and nfl)enced b"
dse'boded s$rts n a s$rt)al 8orld1 8+o coCo$erate n $rod)cn&
obDect2e $+eno'ena.
.. P+"scal n)trton 'odfed b" s$rtCcontrol
a. ($rtCs)&&estonG $s"c+oCt+era$e)tcs.
b. (t&'atsaton.
c. !o2el and $)r$os2e 'etastass of secreton.
;. P+"scal e#$endt)re 'odfed b" s$rtCcontrol.
a. /ec+ancal effcenc" ncreased and f)lcr)' ds$laced.
b. Control o2er nd2d)al 'ateral 'olec)lesG res)ltn& n
abro&aton of ordnar" t+er'al la8s1 and n a&&re&aton and
dsa&&re&aton of 'atter.
c. Control o2er et+eral 'anfestatonsG 8t+ $ossble effects n
t+e do'ans of l&+t1 electrct"1 &ra2taton1 and co+eson.
<. %cton on t+e ncarnaton of lfe on t+e $lanet.
a. PreCconce$t)al s)&&eston or selfCs)&&eston.
b. Ecto$las" or /ateralsatonG te'$orar" e#tradton or
concentraton of 2tal ener&".
?. /ental n)trton 'odfed b" s$rtCcontrol.
a. Ordnar" sensor" $erce$ton s$rt)all" controlled.
b. /e'or" controlledG retroco&nton s$rt)all" &2en.
c. (ensor" a)to'ats' s$rt)all" controlledG $+antas's of t+e
dead1 &c.
d. TelFst+esa de2elo$ed nto $erce$ton of t+e s$rt)al
en2ron'entG $reco&nton.
B. Res$onse to st')l s$rt)all" controlled.
a. Ideaton ns$red b" s$rts.
b. /otor a)to'ats' s$rt)all" controlledG $ossesson.
c. E#tenson of 8llC$o8er nto t+e s$rt)al 8orldG $ra"er
=. /odfcatons of $ersonalt" fro' s$rt)al stand$ont.
a. Brt+G as descent nto &eneraton.
b. (lee$ and trance nd)ced1 and 2sons ns$red1 b" s$rts.
c. Prec)rsor" e'er&ence nto co'$leter $ersonalt"G ecstas"
8t+ $erce$ton of s$rt)al 8orld.
d. ,eat+G as brt+ nto co'$leter $ersonalt"
e. Vtal fac)lt" f)ll" e#ercsed n s$rt 8orld.
+ii,KPO-
I. FIRST SERIES:PHENOMENA SUPRALIMINALLY CONTROLLED, OR
OCCURRING IN ORDINARY LIFE.
(*) Supraimina or 8mpirica Consciousness/ a#are ony o$ the
2ateria Dord through Sensory (mpressions.Be&nnn& 8t+ t+e seres
of 'anfestatons of s)$ral'nal or nor'al9 fac)lt"nor'al 'erel" n
t+e sense t+at t s 'ore +abt)all" obser2ed t+an t+e s)bl'nalI ')st
needs 'a3e '" frst +eadn& s'$l" Consco)sness. 6e ')st ass)'e t+s
startn&C$ont fro' 8+c+ to 8or31 and 8e ')st brefl" $ont o)t t+e l'ts
8t+n 8+c+ t+s s)$ral'nal consco)sness s crc)'scrbed. It s1 as I
+old1 lar&el" an o)tco'e of t+e str)&&le for e#stenceG a fracton of t+e
$otental consco)sness of eac+ nd2d)al lfe1 selected and de2elo$ed b"
$lanetar" e2ol)ton and eart+l" needs. I a' consco)s of so'e of '" $onts
of relaton to t+s 'ateral 8orld1 beca)se 8t+o)t s)c+ a8areness '"
ancestors co)ld ne2er +a2e s)bssted +ere. I a' )nconsco)s of '"
$rofo)nder1 '" cos'c relatons1 f s)c+ t+ere be1 beca)se 8+le '"
ancestors 8ere str)&&ln& )$8ards fro' t+e br)te s)c+ 3no8led&e 8o)ld
+a2e been to t+e' a be8lder'ent rat+er t+an a +el$. !a"1 e2en t+e
s$ectr)' of ordnar" consco)sness1 as I +a2e ter'ed t1 e#tendn& fro'
8+ere t fades at t+e red end nto )nconsco)s or&anc $rocesses to 8+ere t
fades at t+e 2olet end a'on& $s"c+cal +nts and ndcatons 8+c+ 8e can
no lon&er follo81e2en t+at +abt)al ran&e of $erce$ton s nters$ersed
8t+ 'an" dar3 belts and lnes. 4or t+at ran&e of $erce$ton +as been
contr2ed b" !at)re1 so to sa"1 on no scentfc $rnc$le1 b)t 'erel" so as to
&2e1 at t+e least $+"solo&cal e#$ense1 a ro)&+ noton of so'e s)$erfcal
feat)res of a 'olar 8orld. 6e &rad)all" learn1 ndeed1 b" reason and
calc)laton1 t+at t+s a$$arentl" 'olar 8orld conssts (for o)r ntell&ence)
of at least t8o nter$enetratn& en2ron'ents1 'olec)lar and et+eralG b)t to
t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness all t+at les be"ond t+e ran&e of e"e and ear
s 'atter of nference and artfce1 not of drect a$$re+enson.
(.) P-Y(IC%L !:TRITIO!1 I!CL:,I!G RE(PIR%TIO!.
5a6 &hysioogica and &athoogica &rocesses and &roducts.In an
en2ron'ent t+)s conce2ed 8e +a2e to b)ld )$ and to e#$and t+e ener&es
of bod" and 'nd1 a$$arentl" nse$arabl" )nted to for' a $ersonalt"
8+c+ 8e +a2e as "et no reason to s)$$ose to be of 'ore t+an eart+l" sco$e.
T+e n)trton of t+e bod" s t+e frst necesst"1 b)t 'ost of t+e 'ec+ans' of
t+s n)trton les no8 beneat+ t+e consco)s t+res+oldbe"ond t+e red end
of o)r 'a&nar" s$ectr)'. E2en )$on t+e bod" 8t+ 8+c+ t $o$)larl"
dentfes tself t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness &aNes as a 'ere o)tsder. 6e
can do no 'ore t+an re&ster o)r o8n dos"ncrases1 and e'$lo" obser2ed
tendences of o)r n8ard 'ec+ans' to re$ar ts o8n aberratons. 6e
beco'e fa'lar 8t+ certan $rocesses and reactons1 $+"solo&cal and
$at+olo&calG b)t 8+" t+e ele'ents of +ii,KGP- o)r bod" are t+)s assocated
and dssocated 8e 3no8 notG nor can 8e (s$ea3n& broadl") $rod)ce an"
reacton b" 'eans ot+er t+an t+ose 8+c+ t+e or&ans' tself +abt)all"
e'$lo"s.
(;) P-Y(IC%L E0PE!,IT:REG %CTIO! O! /%TERI%L %!, ET-ERI%L
E!VIRO!/E!T.
5a6 2echanica DorB *one at the 80pense o$ 9ood Assimiated.O)r
bod"1 t+)s b)lt )$ b" n)trton (ncl)dn& res$raton) fro' ts or&nal
&er'1 +as acE)red ener&" 8+c+ t can e#$end on ts en2ron'ent1 bot+
'olec)lar and et+eralG as 8ell as e#ertn& an obsc)rer for' of acton1 of
8+c+ 8e s+all s$ea3 later1 on t+e 8orld of lfe to 8+c+ t+e &er' belon&s.
T+e 'ost f)ll" consco)s and $)r$os2e for' 8+c+ t+e bod"5s ener&" ta3es
s t+at of 'ec+ancal 8or3 )$on 'olar 'asses. -ere 8e can1 to a &reat
e#tent1 co'$)te ts 8or3 l3e an artfcal en&ne5sG notn& t+at t+e relaton
bet8een food absorbed and 8or3 done s ne2er s)c+ as to t+reaten
dst)rbance of t+e &eneral la8 of Conser2aton of Ener&".
5b6 &roduction o$ 'eat, <dour, Sound, Chemica Changes, as the 7esut
o$ &rotopasmic 2etaboism.T+e an'al bod" e#erts 2aro)s effects1
ot+er t+an 'ec+ancal1 )$on dfferent 3nds of l2n& and lfeless 'atter. It
&enerates and '$arts +eat bot+ b" cond)cton and b" radatonG t
$ro$a&ates so)ndC8a2es and odo)rs 8+c+ s$ecfcall" affect certan
$re$ared s)rfacesG t 'a" &enerate electrc c+ar&es and electrc c)rrentsG
bot+ n ts +&+er and lo8er for's t effects1 8t+o)t as 8ell as 8t+n ts
o8n $er$+er"1 certan c+e'cal assocatons and dssocatons 8+ose ran&e
s )n3no8n.
5c6 &roduction o$ 8theria *isturbances/ as 8mission o$ .ight and
:eneration o$ 8ectrica 8nergy.One of t+ese s$ecfc effects1 e#erted not
on t+e 'olec)lar b)t on t+e et+eral 8orldt+e $rod)cton of ights
'$ortant eno)&+1 n 2e8 of 8+at s to follo81 to be $laced )nder a +eadn&
b" tself. It 8ll be con2enent1 +o8e2er1 to defer dealn& 8t+ t+s to$c
)ntl a later sta&e n o)r dsc)sson. T+e de2elo$'ent of electroC'ot2e
force of consderable 'a&nt)de1 as for nstance1 n so'e s$eces of fs+es1
s a rare $+eno'enonG b)t electrcal 'anfestatons of a feeble 3nd occ)r n
t+e ')scles and ner2es of all an'als1 and e2en n t+e tss)es of so'e
$lants.
(<) %CTIO! O! T-E I!C%R!%TIO! O4 LI4E O! T-E PL%!ET.
5a6 7eproduction as &hysioogica *ivision.T+e l2n& or&ans' +as
one f)rt+er $o8erGof all ts $o8ers at once t+e 'ost co'$le# and t+e
'ost s)bl'nal It can nfl)ence b" re$rod)cton t+e ncarnaton of lfe )$on
t+s $lanet. 4ro' t+e s)$ral'nal stand$ont 8e can s$ea3 of re$rod)cton
onl" as of an elaborate $rocess of $+"solo&cal d2son. B)t t+e dstncton
bet8een s)$ral'nal and s)bl'nal 3no8led&e and $)r$ose18+ere t+e
s)bl'nal $)r$ose +as so'et'es been +eld to be no +ii,KGG- 'erel"
nd2d)al a'1+as +ere been &)essed b" $+loso$+ers n t+e ll)son
8+c+ !at)re1 for +er o8n ends1 t+ro8s aro)nd +er c+ldrenGleadn& t+e'
b" roads 8+c+ t+e" blndl" follo8 to8ards an end 8+c+1 for a)&+t s+e
cares1 t+e" 'a" e2en desre to s+)n.
(?) /E!T%L !:TRITIO!G (E!(ORY RECEPTIVITY.
5a6 <rdinary Sense &erception.4ro' t+e n)trton and e#$endt)re of
t+e bodl" or&ans' let )s t)rn to t+e n)trton and e#$endt)re of t+e mind,
8+c+1 +o8e2er nse$arable ts connecton 8t+ t+e bod" 'a" be dee'ed1
e2en f 8e re&ard t 'erel" as a concatenaton of +&+estCle2el branC
centres9')st "et1 for clearness5 sa3e1 be treated se$aratel" n an" sc+e'e
of 2tal f)ncton. T+e no)rs+'ent of t+e 'nd (or +&+estCle2el centres) s
t+ro)&+ sensor" '$ressons1 8+c+ reac+ t fro' 8t+o)t t+ro)&+ defnte
c+annels so soon as t+e" attan a defnte ntenst"1
5b6 2emory.T+e resd)al c+an&es 8+c+ t+ese '$ressons lea2e
constt)te t+e $+"scal bass of 'e'or"G and s)$ral'nal 'e'or" nor'all"
contans t+e resd)e onl" of s)$ral'nal '$ressons.
(B) /E!T%L E0PE!,IT:REG RE(PO!(E TO (TI/:LI.
5a6 (ntra,cerebra 7esponse/ (deation.To t+ese st')l1 fres+l"
'$n&n&1 or beco'e n a sense f#ed and n+erent1 8e fnd t+e 'nd or
+&+est centres reactn&1 frst n deaton1 or ntraCcerebral readD)st'ents.
5b6 8motion/ Di/ Countary (nnervation.!e#t 8e fnd t+e' reactn&
n e'oton and n 8ll1or 'otor nner2aton1 8+c+ ener&ses be"ond t+e
bran1 and &2es orders to 2ol)ntar" ')scles1to e"es and ton&)e and
+ands and l'bs18+c+ e#$ress t+e ntell&ent $ersonalt" 8t+n. T+ese
orders are s)$ral'nall" conce2ed n 'olar ter's1 b)t t+e" rece2e a
'olec)lar obedence. 6e sa" to t+e +and1 6rteZ B)t t+e ans8er s not a
'ere $)$$etCl3e 'o2e'ent of s)c+ 'olar 'ec+ans' as 8e co)ld
o)rsel2es conce2e1 b)tl3e t+e n8ard deaton tselfde$ends )$on a
rearran&e'ent of 'olec)les s)c+ as no scence can at $resent trace or
e#$lan.
(=) /O,I4IC%TIO!( O4 (:PR%LI/I!%L PER(O!%LITY.
5a6 )irth/ as &hysioogica (ndividuation.%nd1 fnall"1 bot+ bod" and
'nd 'a" $ass t+ro)&+ 8e 3no8 not +o8 'an" $+ases 8t+o)t losn& 8+at
8e re&ard as t+e dentt" of et+er. )irth n t+s sc+e'e 8e ')st re&ard as
$+"solo&cal nd2d)aton1 obl&n& t+e ne8 an'al to see3 food for tself1
and t+)s co'$elln&1 n +&+er an'als1 a r+"t+'call" rec)rrn& ncrease of
alertness 8+c+ 8e ter' t+e 8a3n& state.
5b6 Seep/ #ith *reams, as <sciations o$ the Conscious Threshod.
B)t an abe"ance n seep of t+e s)$ral'nal control $er$et)all" rec)rs1 +ii,
KGH- and s needf)l to t+e or&ans'5s $reser2aton. %nd n t+e te'$orar"
oblteraton of t+e consco)s t+res+old t+)s nd)ced1 t+e fra&'entar"
deaton ''edatel" belo8 t+e 8a3n& le2el 'a3es tself 'anfest n
dream (and t+e s)bl'nal control beco'es do'nant n 2aro)s 8a"s and n
2ar"n& de&rees).
5c6 2etamorphoses, as o$ (nsects and Amphibia, and &oymorphism, as
o$ 'ydro3oaV 2utipe0 &ersonaity.E2en $rofo)nder c+an&es occ)r n
an'al 'eta'or$+oses1 8+ere t+e str)&&le for e#stence brn&s to t+e
s)rface at dfferent sta&es of lfe dfferent selectons fro' t+e $otental
s"nt+eses of fac)lt" ncl)ded n t+e or&nal &er'1t+ose1 na'el"1 8+c+
are ada$ted to t+e en2ron'ent n 8+c+ t+e $artc)lar sta&e s $assed. In t+e
+&+er an'als t+e 2aratons t+at occ)r as t+e nfant $ro&resses t+ro)&+
"o)t+ to 'at)rt" are ')c+ less 'ar3ed and 'ore &rad)al. In so'e fe8
abnor'al 'en1 +o8e2er1 cerebral rearran&e'ents 'a" so'et'es brn&
abo)t s)dden and co'$lete c+an&es n t+e s)$erfcal c+aracter and
'e'or". T+ese dffer fro' t+e 'eta'or$+oses of t+e lo8er an'als n
+a2n&1 as a r)le1 no relaton to dfferent sta&es of lfe1 and re'nd )s rat+er
of t+e $ol"'or$+s' of a colonal -"droNoon1 n 8+c+ t+e dfferent
attrb)tes and c+aracterstcs of a sn&le co'$lete or&ans' are dstrb)ted
a'on& t+e 2aro)s nd2d)als of t+e colon". T+e 'an 8t+ a ')lt$le#
$ersonalt" s l3e a sn&le nd2d)al of s)c+ a colon"1 n t+at onl" certan
ele'ents of +s ordnar" self are 'anfest at once1 t+e rest ben& for t+e t'e
s)b'er&ed.
5d6 *eath/ as &hysioogica *issoution.%nd )lt'atel" t+e nd2d)al
or&ans' loses t+e $o8er of selfCada$taton to ts en2ron'entG
$+"solo&cal dssol)ton ens)esG and fro' t+e s)$ral'nal stand$ont 8e
dscern no ener&" 8+c+ s not ds$ersed n lo8er for's at deat+.
Of t+)s ')c+1 t+en1 and of t+)s ')c+ onl" of o)rsel2es1 t+e str)&&le for
eart+l" e#stence +as co'$elled )s to be a8are. It s an e'$rcal or
s)$erfcal co&nsanceG and +ere1 as tr)l" as an"8+ere n nat)re1 all t+at 8e
3no8 s $+eno'enal of t+e )n3no8n.9
II. SECOND SERIES:PHENOMENA SUBLIMINALLY CONTROLLED.
(*) Subimina Consciousness/ obscurey a#are o$ the Transcendenta
Dord, through teepathic and Testhetic (mpressions.Let )s t)rn no8 to
o)r second sc+e'eG t+at 8+c+ s to re$resent for )s 2tal f)ncton )nder t+e
nascent control of a s)bl'nal consco)sness1 and a'd t+e d'l"C&)essed
o$eratons of a transcendental 8orld. T+e s)bl'nal fac)ltes 8+ose
e#stence I nfer fro' o)r e2dence 8ll be traced n detal as 8e $roceed.
-ere at t+e be&nnn& I ')st 'erel" e#$lan on 8+at $rnc$le I +a2e
ass&ned to so'e of t+ese fac)ltes and not to ot+ers a so)rce n t+e
s)bl'nal self1 or n tele$at+c acton fro' ot+er e'boded 'nds1 rat+er
t+an n an" e#traCterrene or s$rt)al nter2enton. T+s dstncton s often
obsc)reG b)t I +a2e +ere dra8n t+e lne so as to a2od +ii,KGI- )nd)l"
fa2o)rn& '" o8n ar&)'ent. I a' endea2o)rn& to s+o8 t+at certan
s)bl'nal $rocesses 8+c+ I +old to be &on& on n eac+ of )s do for' a
real nter'edate class bet8een t+e $rocesses of nor'al lfe and t+ose
attrb)ted to s$rtCcontrol. I +a2e1 t+erefore1 +ere left to t+e acco)nt of
s$rtCcontrol all t+at can be at all $la)sbl" cla'ed for tG
*
bele2n& t+at
t+e re'ann& $+eno'ena1 t+ose 8+c+ see' al'ost nds$)tabl" referable
to a so)rce 8t+n o)rsel2es1 8ll be eno)&+ to carr" )s +alfC8a" across t+e
a$$arentl" '$assable &)lf 8+c+ se$arates /r. /oses5 and s'lar
e#$erences fro' t+e e#$erences of t+e 'ass of 'an3nd.
4or t+ese $+eno'ena 8ll not onl" n t+e'sel2es s+o8 &reat accessons
of $o8er1 b)t also 8ll &2e $lan ndcaton of stll 'ore 'ar3ed
de2elo$'ent to co'e. 6e s+all not onl" see t+e s$ectr)' of s)$ral'nal
consco)sness lar&el" e#tended n bot+ drectons1 b)t s+all also realse t+at
t+s e#tenson '$les a ne8 en2ron'entan en2ron'ent 8+ose la8s 8e
+a2e "et to learn1 and 8+ose denNens to enco)nter.
Let )s dsc)ss1 t+en1 t+e s)bl'nall" &)ded fac)ltes n t+e sa'e order
n 8+c+ 8e +a2e D)st dsc)ssed t+e fac)ltes of co''on lfe.
(.) P-Y(IC%L !:TRITIO! /O,I4IE, BY (:BLI/I!%L CO!TROL.
5a6 Suggestion , Se$,suggestion, &sychotherapeutics .%nd frst as to
t+e nfl)ence of s)bl'nal control on bodl" n)trton. 6e +a2e +ere1 as t
+a$$ens1 t+e 'ost cons$c)o)s and $o$)lar &ro)$ n o)r 8+ole ran&e of
)nfa'lar $+eno'ena. T+e e#$er'ental st)d" of t+e s)bl'nal self 8as
2rt)all" or&nated b" t+e e'$rcal dsco2er" t+at 'es'erc $asses19 and
after8ards t+at +"$notc s)&&eston n &eneral1 +ad $o8er to alter t+e
condton of t+e ner2o)s s"ste'Gto nd)ce slee$1 to rele2e $an1 to
reestabls+ arrested secreton1 and to restore 'orbd secreton to +ealt+"
nor'alt". I +a2e alread" dsc)ssed (n (ectons ,') K'*0) t+e $art 8+c+ an
act)al effl)ence1 or a tele$at+c '$act1 'a" $la" n s)c+ o$eratons as
t+ese1 and 8ll ta3e +ere t+e onl" re'ann& lo&cal 2e81 8+c+ ass)'es
t+at s)&&eston fro' a +"$notser s 2rt)all" selfCs)&&estonG t+e
+"$notser5s order +a2n& 'erel" t+e $o8er of reac+n& n so'e
)ne#$laned 8a" t+e s)bDect5s s)bl'nal self1 and settn& n acton t+at
hyperbouia, so to ter' t1t+at e#tenson of 8llC$o8er o2er $arts of t+e
or&ans' )nreac+able b" s)$ral'nal 8ll18+c+ enables t+e +dden self
to ac+e2e t+e 'ar2ello)s restoratons of $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs.9 4or t+s
s)b'er&ed and nt'ate 8ll can 8eld1 as t 8ere1 t+e 2er" vis medicatri0
natur, and c+ase bac3 t+e r)na8a" 'olec)les nto a road 'ade fa'lar to
t+e' b" lon& 'e'ores of +ealt+" acton.
5b6 Stigmatisation .Yet t+s1 t+o)&+ t+e easest1 s not t+e onl" road
do8n 8+c+ t+e do'nated 'olec)les can be dr2en. T+e 2aro)s
$+eno'ena +ii,KGJ- of 'odfed secreton to 8+c+ t+e con2entonal na'e
of stigmatisation +as been &2en consst n a select2e drecton of cells or of
e2en 'n)ter bodl" ele'ents a8a" fro' t+er settled c)sto'ar"
$erfor'ance1 t+ro)&+ c+an&es 8+c+ t+e $redecessors of t+ese cells +a2e
ndeed tra2ersed before1b)t ne2er 8t+o)t s$ecfc obDect2e ca)sene2er
on so '$al$able an n2taton. T+e ser)' 8+c+ rses n t+e s)&&ested9
blsters s n tself no no2el $rod)ctG b)t ts e2ocaton 8t+o)t 'ec+ancal
rrtaton s+o8s (as I +a2e )r&ed else8+ere1 see ,+3 ) a E)te no2el $o8er to
$la" )$on t+e or&ans' as 8t+ $)r$os2e 'an$)laton fro' 8t+n.
(;) P-Y(IC%L E0PE!,IT:RE /O,I4IE, BY (:BLI/I!%L CO!TROL.
5a6 2echanica DorB 2odi$ied by &sychica (ntegration or
*isintegration/ 'ysteria.%nd ne#t as to t+e effect of s)bl'nal control
)$on t+e or&ans'5s e0penditure/ n t+e frst $lace )$on ts e#$endt)re n
')sc)lar ener&". T+e a'o)nt of ')sc)lar ener&" 8+c+ t+e s)$ral'nal
self can control 'a" at frst s&+t be re&arded as a co'$ro'se1 ac+e2ed n
t+e str)&&le for e#stence1 bet8een $resent and f)t)re con2enence. It can
$)t fort+1 t+at s to sa"1 D)st so ')c+ ener&" as s &enerall" co'$atble 8t+
a2odn& an" sero)s rs3 of nD)r" to t+e or&ans'. B)t t+s e#$lanaton 8ll
not ta3e nto acco)nt all t+e ele'ents of t+e $roble'. T+e +)'an or&ans'
s an '$erfectl" )nfed colon" of cellsG and t+ere s not+n& to s+o8 )s t+at
t+e $recse de&ree of nte&raton to 8+c+ 8e attan n ordnar" lfe s s)c+
as to enable o)r or&ans' to e#ert ts 'a#')' of ener&" 8t+o)t rs3 of
nD)r".
6e fnd1 n fact1 t+at a ca$act" of &reater effort 'a" be t+e res)lt or t+e
conco'tant et+er of dsnte&raton or of f)rt+er nte&raton. T+e &reat
ncrease of ')sc)lar $o8er 8+c+ so'et'es acco'$anes 'ana s an
nstance of t+e frst1 and t+e 'anner n 8+c+ t+e ncreased ener&" n s)c+
cases beco'es a$$arent t+ro8s so'e l&+t on s)bl'nal o$eraton
&enerall". T+s s)bDect +as been f)ll" dsc)ssed n C+a$ters II. and III. I
+a2e s+o8n t+at t+e sa'e ncrease of ener&" 'a" follo8 on ncreased
nte&raton1 of 8+c+ I re&ard Gen)s as t+e $al'ar" nstance. In s+ort1 and
as '&+t +a2e been e#$ected1 t+e 3atabolc as 8ell as t+e anabolc forces1
t+e o)t$)t as 8ell as t+e nta3e of t+e bodl" fra'e1 are a'enable1 n 'ore
8a"s t+an 8e can s)$$ose o)rsel2es to +a2e "et dsco2ered1 to s)bl'nal
control.
5b6 &roduction o$ 'eat, and other Speci$ic 8$$ects upon 2atter,
subiminay 2odi$ied.T)rnn& no8 to effects ot+er t+an 'ec+ancal
$rod)ced )$on t+e 'ateral 8orld1 8e fnd rat+er s)&&estons for
e#$er'entaton t+an records of e#$er'ent adeE)atel" $erfor'ed. T+e
s)bDect2e sensaton of heat can1 of co)rse1 readl" be $rod)ced b" +"$notc
s)&&eston1 and n a senst2e s)bDect $ers$raton 'a" follo81si di0eris,
stuo, sudatV b)t I 3no8 of no e#$er'ent 8+c+ +as co'$ared t+e total
+eat e'tted b" t+e or&ans' n a nor'al state and )nder +ii,KGK-
s)&&eston. ()&&estons n2ol2n& bodl" odo)r and c+e'cal condtons
+a2e t+)s far been confned to $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs1 alt+o)&+ +ere also t+ere
'&+t 8ell be e#$er'ents 8t+ a $)rel" scentfc a'. B)t t+e 'ost
'$ortant effect of a s)$ernor'al 3nd alle&ed to +a2e been $rod)ced )$on
'atter n t+e co)rse of e#$er'ent on s)bl'nal fac)lt" s t+e oldCfas+oned
'es'erc effl)ence1 8+c+1 n t+e o$non of Ellotson1 Esdale1 &c.1 8as
$ro2ed to affect not onl" t+e +)'an or&ans'1 b)t 8ater and ot+er
nan'ate 'atter (see ,+1 E and K ). T+s 2e8 s entrel" o)t of fas+on
no81 and 8e o)rsel2es +a2e 8+oll" faled to confr' t b" e#$er'entG b)t
t+e +stor" of +"$nots' +as conssted so lar&el" n t+e confdent dsa2o8al1
follo8ed b" t+e &rad)al reCdsco2er"1 t+o)&+ often 8t+ a ne8
nter$retaton1of $+eno'ena alle&ed b" t+e earler 'es'ersts1 t+at t
8o)ld1 I t+n31 +ardl" be safe to set asde t+s 'es'ersaton of obDects9 as
d)e 'erel" to s)&&eston1 )ntl t s+all +a2e been tested b" 'an" 'ore
e#$er'ents1 $erfor'ed 8t+ 'odern e#actt)de and care.
5c6 8mission o$ .ight, and :eneration o$ 8ectrica 8nergy 2odi$ied.%
% l3e need for e#$er'ent e#sts 8t+ re&ard to $+eno'ena of uminosity,
alle&ed fro' t'e to t'e to acco'$an" abnor'al condtons of t+e +)'an
fra'e. (o'e startln& b)t a$$arentl" 8ellCa)t+entcated cases19 sa"s t+e
8rter of t+e artcle on P+os$+orescence9 n t+e 8ncycopedia )ritannica,
are on record of +)'an ben&s +a2n& been l)'no)s o8n& to certan
states of dsease.9 Of s)c+ cases I s+all +a2e 'ore to sa" $resentl". T+s
$+eno'enon +as been freE)entl" noted bot+ n and b" $ersons n a trance
condtonG b)t )s)all" )nder crc)'stances 8+ere one cannot be s)re t+at
t+e effect 8as not a 'erel" s)bDect2e one. 6t+ /r. /oses1 +o8e2er1 t
8as re$eatedl" obser2ed d)rn& sUances1 ben& &enerall" 2sble to /rs.
($eer1 and so'et'es to all t+e stters. /rs. ($eer 8rtesJ I +a2e often seen
/r. /oses en2elo$ed n a l)'no)s clo)d or 8+te 'st1 and 8+en +e
r)bbed +s +ands $+os$+orescent l&+t see'ed to be e'tted fro' +s
fn&ers. T+s l&+t enabled +' to see +s o8n +ands n t+e dar3.9 I fnd an
entr" n /r. /oses5 noteboo3s to t+e effect t+at on one occason at least +e
sa8 +s +ands l)'no)s 8+en +e +ad ret)rned to +s o8n roo's after a
sUance. I s+all ret)rn to t+s s)bDect +ereafter 8+en dealn& 8t+ ($rtC
L&+ts9J b)t t+s $+os$+orescence of t+e senst2e +'self see's to belon&
rat+er to t+e cate&or" of s)bl'nal control. It see's not '$robable t+at
s)c+ 'anfestatons 'a" be 'ade 'ore ntell&ble b" f)rt+er dsco2eres on
t+e lnes of t+ose recentl" 'ade b" $+"scsts as to t+e l)'nescent effects
$rod)ced b" obsc)re radatons 8+ose e#stence 8as $re2o)sl"
)ns)s$ected.
(<) %CTIO! O! T-E I!C%R!%TIO! O4 LI4E O! T-E PL%!ET.
5a6 &renata Suggestion through (ntermediate <rganism o$ &arent.%
6e co'e ne#t to t+e $roble' of t+e nfl)ence of s)bl'nal control on t+e
real' of lfe1on t+e 'anner n 8+c+ t+e s)' of lfe on eart+ s +ii,KGL-
s)$$led b" fres+ ncarnatons fro' t+e )n3no8n en2ronn& ener&". T+e
frst E)eston 8ll be as to t+e $o8er of s)&&eston1 b" nfl)encn& t+e
'ot+er1 to nfl)ence t+e )nborn c+ld. %nd so lar&e a collecton +as no8
been 'ade of cases 8+ere an '$resson1 $rod)ced ('ore often1 of co)rse1
b" accdent t+an b" des&n) )$on t+e 'ot+er +as been reflected b" t+e
offs$rn& (see ,(' / t+at I feel enttled to ass)'e s)c+ nfl)ence as +&+l"
$robable1 f not establs+ed.
*
T+s fact1 f fact t be1 s of an '$ortance
&reater t+an +as "et been realsed. 6e cannot f# a terminus a quo before
8+c+ s)c+ nfl)ence s '$ossbleG and t+e ')c+Cneeded scence of
e)&encs9 see's l3el" to de$end lar&el" )$on a $s"c+cal factor.
(?) /E!T%L !:TRITIO! ((E!(ORY %!, (:PER(E!(ORY RECEPTIVITY)
(:BLI/I!%LLY CO!TROLLE,.
5a6 'ypersthesia/ Ansthesia/ Anagesia.6e +a2e no8 dealt 8t+
t+e nfl)ence of t+e s)bl'nal self n )$b)ldn& t+e or&ans'1 and n
'odf"n& t+e or&ans'5s effect )$on ts en2ron'ent. 6t+ t+e dsc)sson
of ts effect )$on t+e 8orld of i$e 8e +a2e reac+ed as t 8ere t+e 8aters+ed
of $+"scal and $s"c+cal deter'natonG and 8e $roceed no8 to t+e re&on
of ntellect)al effectsGof nfl)ence s)bl'nall" e#ercsed1 frst )$on
sensor" rece$t2t"1 and t+en )$on 'otor res$onse.
()bl'nal 'odfcatons of sensor" rece$t2t"1 '$ortant as t+e" are1
+a2e been alread" so f)ll" dsc)ssed n C+a$ter V. t+at 8e need +ere do no
'ore t+an reca$t)late t+e'1 t+)s $re$arn& t+e reader for t+e stll 'ore
$otent s8a" 8+c+ 8e s+all fnd ascrbed to s$rts o2er t+e $erce$ton of
'en. Brefl"1 t+en1 t+e senses can be et+er st')lated or s)s$ended to an
e#tent +ardl" "et fat+o'ed. Cases of hypersthesia are recorded 8+c+
see' scarcel" co'$atble 8t+ 8+at 8e 3no8 of t+e str)ct)re of t+e sensor"
endCor&ans t+e'sel2es.
(o $rofo)nd an ansthesia, on t+e ot+er +and1 'a" be $rod)ced t+at
$rolon&ed and $anf)l o$eratons can be )nder&one 8t+o)t e2o3n& a
')r')r. !a"1 8+at s e2en 'ore re'ar3able1 t+e sense of pain 'a" be
abro&ated 8+le ot+er sensatons re'an ntact1 and an anagesia $rod)ced
8+c+ s no res)lt of dsease or dsnte&raton1 b)t a$$arentl" t+e +&+est
t+e 'ost ser2ceablecondton to 8+c+ t+e or&ans' +as "et been rased.
5b6 'ypermnesia, 2ani$ested in *reams or Automatisms.T+e
s)bl'nal control of memoryof t+e storedC)$ 3no8led&e der2ed fro'
$ast sensatons+o8s a s'lar ad2ance )$on t+e s)$ral'nal. To retan n
s)$ral'nal 'e'or"or s)ffcentl" near t+e t+res+old to be s)''oned at
8lle2en facts or scenes )$on 8+c+ 8e +a2e delberatel" f#ed attenton
+ii,KGM- s a tas3 8+c+ often e#ceeds o)r $o8ers. B)t so'e reason +as
been s+o8n for bele2n& t+at n t+e s)bl'nal 'e'or" 8e $ossess at least
a ')c+ f)ller1 f not a co'$lete1 record of all t+at +as $assed1 e2en1 as 8e
sa"1 )nnotced19 across o)r 2s)al or a)dtor" feldG and n +"$er'nesc
drea's and cr"stal 2son 8e see' to $ee$ for t+e 'o'ent nto a treas)reC
+o)se 8+ose e#stence 8as not s)s$ected tll no8.
T+ere see'1 'oreo2er1 to be 2aro)s nfl)ences1 as "et +ardl" realsed or
defned1 8+c+ s+o)ld rat+er ran3 as sensor" t+an )nder an" ot+er +eadn&1
na'el"1 t+e hetersthesi dsc)ssed n ,+1.
5c6 Teepathy/ Ceridica 'aucinations/ Sensory Automatism.%nd
+ere 8e reac+ a crtcal $ont n o)r seresG t+e ntrod)cton1 na'el"1 a'on&
$+eno'ena 8+c+ 'a" be re&arded as 'erel" e#tendn& $o8ers alread"
3no8n1 of t+ose ne8l" reco&nsed and 'anfestl" s)$ernor'al fac)ltes of
tele$at+" and telFst+esa (or clar2o"ance) 8t+ 8+c+ so ')c+ of o)r 8or3
n $s"c+cal researc+ +as been concerned. Can 8e stll re&ard o)rsel2es as
$assn& onl" fro' one to anot+er de&ree of fac)lt" e#ercsed n t+e alread"
3no8n en2ron'entW or are 8e be&nnn& to obser2e +)'an fac)lt"
o$eratn& n an en2ron'ent ne8 to scenceW %t frst s&+t1 t+e least
nconce2able e#$lanaton of tele$at+" '&+t see' to le n ass)'n& a fres+
for' of et+erC8a2es 8+c+ s+o)ld carr" t+e 2bratons of one bran and
'$rnt t+e' on anot+er.
I +a2e alread" s+o8n . '3( K'3+/ t+e nadeE)ac" of t+s t+eor" to
e#$lan e2en 'an" s'$le e#$er'ental casesstll 'ore cases of
collect2e $erc$ence1 of tele$at+" fro' t+e dead1 and of t+e fac)ltes
analo&o)s to tele$at+" to be dsc)ssed ''edatel"1telFst+esa and
clar2o"ance1 $reco&nton and retroco&nton. 6e 'a" stll1 +o8e2er1 fnd
so'e $onts of transton bet8een at least t+e s)$ral'nal 'anfestatons of
tele$at+" and $+eno'ena alread" 3no8n. %nd tele$at+" s t+)s ln3ed 8t+
t+e sense,perception and t+e memory 8+c+ 8e +a2e D)st been dsc)ssn&G
e2en as 8e s+all $resentl" fnd t ln3ed 8t+ e'oton and 8ll. In t+e frst
$lace1 t+e hyperthesia 8+c+ I +a2e cla'ed for t+e s)bl'nal self see's
so'et'es to $ass &rad)all" be"ond t+e $ont 8+c+ an" sensor" nfl)ence
can be stretc+ed to co2er. 6e ')st t+en ass)'e at least a 'n&ln& of so'e
for' of s)$ernor'al acE)ston of 3no8led&eGtele$at+" f 8e +a2e an
a&ent5s 'nd alread" $ossessed of t+at 3no8led&e1 telFst+esa f no s)c+
a&ent can be s)&&ested.
T+e hypermnesia, a&an1 of 8+c+ 8e 8ere b)t no8 s$ea3n& see's
often to act as a 3nd of nidus for &er's of 3no8led&e borne +o'e fro'
so'e ot+er E)arter. In tself t+s e#tenson of s)bl'nal 'e'or" s 'ost
s&nfcant of +dden fac)lt". 4or t+e e#tended 'e'or" tself '$les
ntellect)al o$eratonG t s not a 'ere ndscr'natn& $+oto&ra$+1 b)t an
'$ressonst or so'et'es e2en a s"'bolcal $ct)re1 8+ere facts
s)bDect2el" '$ortant are bro)&+t nto ntentonal $ro'nence. %nd t+at
$ct)relet )s ta3e for e#a'$le an act)al $ct)re seen n a cr"stals
selected fro' a'on&st a $res)'able ')ltt)de of ts con&eners1 and
$resented +ii,KGN- to s)$ral'nal 2e8 at t+e )sef)l 'o'ent. %nd often1 as
I +a2e sad1 a'on& t+e contents of t+s s)bl'nal 'e'or" )ne#$ected te's
float )$ nto co&nsanceG cr"stalC2son or +all)cnaton t)rns o)t to be
veridicato tell tr)l" of a fact 8+c+ no act)al obser2aton1 +o8e2er ac)te1
can e2er +a2e stored )$ n t+e s)bl'nal 'e'or". 6e fnd1 n s+ort1 t+at
t+e s)bl'nal consco)sness does not onl" acE)re and retan a f)ller
$ct)re of ts 'ateral s)rro)ndn&s t+an t+e e2er" da" 8a3n& 'an can
boast1 b)t also acE)res 3no8led&e b" 'eans of ts o8n1 and es$ecall" b"
tele$at+c '$resson fro' ot+er 'nds.
5d6 Testhesia or Cairvoyance/ &erception o$ *istant Scenes/
7etrocognition, &recognition.T+e 3no8led&e 8+c+ s rece2ed b"
tele$at+" s 3no8led&e 8+c+ +as been alread" 8or3ed )$1 so to sa"1 nto
'ana&eable for' n anot+er 'nd. Is t $ossble t+at t+s $o8er of s$rt)al
$erce$ton can be stll f)rt+er e#tendedW t+at t+e +)'an s$rt can absorb
3no8led&e 8t+o)t t+e ad et+er of ts o8n bodl" senses or of ot+er 'ndsW
I bele2e t+at o)r ans8er ')st be affr'at2e1 and ndeed t+at t+s $o8er
of *testhesia s a fac)lt" $er+a$s of 8der ran&e t+an tele$at+" tself.
!at)rall"1 8e cannot al8a"s dstn&)s+ s)c+ a $+eno'enon fro' tele$at+"G
and n 'an" cases of tele$at+c clar2o"ance9 bot+ $o8ers see' to +a2e
been at 8or3Gt+e a&ent5s crss s)''onn& t+e $erc$ent5s s)bl'nal
attenton1 and t+e $erc$ent t+en dscernn& detals of 8+c+ t+e a&ent 8as
not +'self drectl" consco)s. ()c+ scenes see' to co'e 'd8a" bet8een
tele$at+" $ro$er and t+e telFst+etc $erce$ton of E)te ndfferent scenes1
$resented to t+e $erc$ent n 8a3n& 2son or cr"stalC$ct)re or drea'1 as t
8ere at rando'Gas t+o)&+ t+e cas)al sl$$n& of a s+)tter n so'e 2ast
camera obscura +ad t+ro8n )$on t+e 'nd5s rece$t2e s)rface a re'ote and
rrele2ant se&'ent of t+e reflected totalt" of t+n&s.
!or s t+s all 4or t s1 $er+a$s1 )nder t+s 8de +eadn& of telFst+esa
t+at 'enton s+o)ld be 'ade of a stll 'ore s)r$rsn& e#tenson of 2e81
fro' t+n&s dstant n s$ace to t+n&s dstant n t'e also. I need not +ere
re$eat t+e ar&)'ents 8+c+ ndcate t+at t+ese $erce$tons1 alt+o)&+ $artl"
d)e to s$rt)al co'')ncatons1 see' also $artl" d)e to fac)ltes of t+e
s)bl'nal self.
(B) /E!T%L E0PE!,IT:REG RE(PO!(E TO (TI/:LI /O,I4IE, BY
(:BLI/I!%L CO!TROL.
5a6 Subimina (deation/ the (nspirations o$ :enius.4ro' t+s bref
re2e8 of t+e nfl)ence of t+e s)bl'nal self on 'ental n)trton1 let )s t)rn
to consder ts nfl)ence on 'ental e#$endt)re. T+ere s1 of co)rse1 no +ard
and fast lne bet8een t+e t8o1 t iq 1 and all o)r
consco)sness s 6ll n t+e 'a3n&. %ll cerebraton1 n ot+er 8ords1 s
$robabl" at once sensor" and 'otorG and at an" rate 8+en 8e are dealn&
8t+ s)bl'nal 'essa&es9 t ')st see' a 'atter al'ost of +ii,KGO- c+ance
8+et+er t+e 'essa&e s+all ta3e t+e sensory for' of +all)cnaton1 2s)al or
a)dtor"1 or t+e motor for' of an '$)lse to 8rte or s$ea3. B)t frst 8e
+a2e to deal1 )nder t+s +eadn&1 8t+ so'et+n& 8+c+ s not for )s n
co''on $arlance et+er sensor" or 'otorGna'el"1 ideation/ or s)c+ ntraC
cerebral readD)st'ents as n2ol2e onl" 'a&es 8+c+ fall s+ort of
+all)cnaton and '$)lses 8+c+ +a2e not "et set t+e ')scles n acton.
I +a2e )r&ed else8+ere (n C+a$ter III.) t+at e2en o)r +abt)al c)rrent of
t+o)&+t bears ab)ndant test'on" to cerebraton beneat+ t+e ordnar"
t+res+old of consco)sness.
*
6t+ all of )s t+ere are s)bl'nal )$r)s+es
nc)rsons of deas and 'a&es read"C'ade and 22d nto t+e s)$erfcal
strat)' of 'ore contn)o)s1 b)t less ardent1 less flas+n& t+o)&+t. ()c+
)$r)s+es1 alt+o)&+ al3e n mechanism, lea2e products of 2er" dfferent
8ort+. 4or 'ost 'en not+n& better t+an d)st and scorF s fl)n& )$ fro'
t+e s)bterranean c+a'bersG for fe8 onl" do t+e roc3Cfra&'ents bear n t+er
ca2tes t+e $reco)s cr"stals 8+c+ +a2e &at+ered n +dden laboratores
nto t+e e'erald5s or t+e r)b"5s &lo8.
5b6 2otor Automatism/ Concurrent Consciousness/ 'yperbouia.(o
lon& as 8e confne o)rsel2es to t+ese ntraCcerebral res$onses to e#ternal
st')l1 8e +a2e no ob2o)s lne to dra8 bet8een t+e deas 8+c+ 8e
'an)fact)re $ece'eal abo2e t+e t+res+old and t+ose 8+c+ co'e to )s
read"C'ade fro' belo8. E2en +ere1 no do)bt1 t+ere are $+"solo&cal
effects alread" ndcatn& an e#tenson of 'ental nfl)ence o2er t+e bodl"
fra'e. 6+en1 n t+e $oet5s 8ords1 a &reat t+o)&+t str3es alon& t+e bran1
and fl)s+es all t+e c+ee319 t+e s)dden )$r)s+ of deaton +as affected t+e
2asoC'otor s"ste' n a 8a" 8+c+ 8e cannot delberatel" r2al. B)t "et t+s
&lo8n& t+o)&+t +as co'e '#ed 8t+ cooler t+o)&+tsG t r)ns1 so to sa"1
nto t+e a'al&a' of co''on lfe. 6e +a2e no8 to note t+at a $ont 'a" be
reac+ed1 n so'e 'en f not n all1 8+ere t+e t8o strea's of fac)lt" are not
con"oint b)t concurrent/ t+e s)bl'nal fac)lt" )sn& t+e or&ans' n a
se$arate and defnte 'anner1 n 8rtn&1 na'el"1 or s$eec+1 8+c+ n
reference to t+e 'an5s +abt)al $rocesses see's a)to'atc or e2en E)asC
e#ternal1 and 8+c+ s)&&ests to +' t+at so'e ntell&ence ot+er t+an +s
o8n ')st be 'o2n& +s +and or s$ea3n& t+ro)&+ +s 'o)t+. (o'et'es1
as I bele2e1 s)c+ an e#ternal ntell&ence s ndeed at 8or3G oftener t+e
'an5s o8n dee$er self s t+)s actn& on +s e'$rcal self1 and 8rtn& ts
o8n 'essa&es 8t+ t+e +and to 8+c+ t +as1 after all1 an eE)al cla'.
+ii,KHP-
4ro' 'an" $onts of 2e8 t+ese a)to'atc 'otor 'essa&es for' for )s
a central and nstr)ct2e $+eno'enon. In t+e frst $lace t s ob2o)s t+at
t+e" are closel" alled 8t+so'et'es interchangeabe 8t+sensor"
+all)cnatons. T+e" t+)s 'aterall" s)$$ort t+e 2e8 t+at t+ese $+anto's
also are n t+e sa'e sense automatic/ t+at s1 t+at t+e" are for t+e 'ost $art
at least s+a$ed b" t+e $erc$ent5s o8n s)bl'nal self1 and $resented to +s
s)$ral'nal $erce$ton as a 'et+od of nfor'n& or nfl)encn& +' fro'
t+e de$t+s of +s o8n ben&. In t+e second $lace1 t+e" enable )s to set o)t a
contn)o)s seres fro' t+e transtor" $+eno'ena of +"$notc s)&&eston at
t+e one end to c+an&es of $ersonalt" and s$rtC$ossesson9 at t+e ot+er
end. 6e start1 sa"1 fro' Ed')nd G)rne"5s $ostC+"$notc e#$er'ent1 8+ere
"o) tell a 'an a fact n t+e trance 8+c+ on 8a3n& +e for&ets1b)t 8+c+
+e can ne2ert+eless 8rte o)t a)to'atcall" 8t+ no reco&nton of ts
so)rce. -ere 8e 3no8 $erfectl" 8+ence t+e fact or&nall" ca'eG 8e can
feel s)re t+at no tele$at+c1 no dse'boded nfl)ence +as been bro)&+t to
bear. T+en co'e t+e ordnar" 'ass of s$ontaneo)s a)to'atc 'essa&es1
$res)'abl" selfCor&nated1 snce t+e" contan no fact 8+c+ t+e a)to'atst
'a" not +a2e learnt b" ordnar" sensor" 'eans. %nd fro' t+s $ont t+e
a)to'ats's 'a" d2er&e n se2eral drectons. T+e" 'a"1 as I +a2e alread"
sad1 be&n to s+o8 3no8led&e 8+c+ cannot +a2e been acE)red b" nor'al
'eansG8+c+ see's as f t ')st +a2e co'e tele$at+call" fro' l2n&
'enGor e2en 3no8led&e 8+c+1 al3e n ts s)bstance and n ts lac)nF1
see's concdent 8t+ t+e $res)'able 3no8led&e and &norance of so'e
de$arted s$rt.
T+s s of co)rse t+e 'ost nterestn& for' of de2elo$'ent. B)t t+e
a)to'ats's 'a" also beco'e 'ar3edl" '$ress2e n a dfferent 8a".
6+le stll s+o8n& no act)al 3no8led&e be"ond t+e a)to'atst5s nor'al
reac+1 t+e" 'a" ne2ert+eless ass)'e a c+aracter so dstnct1a 'ode of
selfCe#$resson so dee$l" n2ol2n& t+e entre or&ans'1t+at t+e" co'e to
ran3 as ne8 $+ases of $ersonalt"1 re$resentn& fres+ $ostons of relat2e
stablt" nto 8+c+ t+e 'an5s $s"c+cal ben& 'a" be t+ro8n.
%nd +ere a&an1 8+le t+)s led for8ard to o)r '$endn& notce of
/odfcatons of Personalt"1 8e are also led bac38ard to o)r $re2o)s
acco)nt of $s"c+ot+era$e)tcs and selfCs)&&eston1 of t+e 'odfcaton of
$+"scal n)trton b" s)bl'nal control. 6+at 8e t+ere descrbed1 so to sa"1
fro' t+e o)tsde1 8e are no8 re&ardn& fro' t+e n8ard or s)bDect2e $ont
of 2e8. 4or t+ese 'otor a)to'ats's $ass nsensbl" nto +"$erbo)laG t+at
s to sa"1 t+e sa'e s)bl'nal 'otor res$onse to st')l 8+c+ &)des t+e
a)to'atst5s +and n t+s stran&e fas+on s not l'ted n $o8er to 'ere
8rtn& or 2ocal )tteranceG t can 8or3 )$on sto'ac+ or l2er as 8ell as
)$on +and or ton&)e. It +as o2er$assed t+e tradtonal bo)nds n one
drectonG t s+o8s ne#t t+at t can o2er$ass t+e' n anot+erG t lea2es )s
as3n& 8+at bo)nds t 'a" not o2er$ass. /)c+ n t+e sa'e 8a" dd
4renc+'en once s$ec)late as to 8+at cla)ses n a +ii,KHG- $a$er constt)ton
t+e 4rst Cons)l 8as l3el" to res$ect. T+e ner2eCs"ste' s a 3nd of
tradtonal Constt)tonG t+e 6ll s a force 8+ose stren&t+1 8+ose 2er"
nat)re1 s all )n3no8n. T+e 6ll1 8e sa"1 acts drectl" on str$ed ')scle and
not on )nstr$ed. 6+at s t+s b)t a con2enton 8+c+ 8lls obe" beca)se
t+e" +a2e al8a"s obe"ed tW 6+at bo)ndar" lne can t+e $+"solo&st dra8
t+ro)&+ t+e $+eno'ena of 'an5s bodl" lfe1 ass)rn& )s t+at here t+e
$)r$os2e ')st necessarl" end1 and t+e )n$)r$osed1 t+e ne2table be&nW If
6ll does an"t+n&1 8+" s+o)ld t not do allW
5c6 80tradition o$ Di,po#er beyond the <rganism/ Teergy/ Se$,
pro"ection.%nd f t+e des$ot c+ooses to &nore +s o8n co)ntr"5s
Constt)ton1 8+at &)arantee +a2e 8e t+at +e 8ll res$ect treat"Cobl&atons
abroadW T+e access of one 'an to anot+er1 t+e $o8er of one 'an o2er
anot+er s l'ted1 so to sa"1 b" nternatonal la8s so ancent t+at no one
drea's of nfrn&n& t+e'. T+en s)ddenl"to ta3e t+e bestC3no8n case of
+"$notsaton at a dstance,r. Gbert t+ro8s t+e absent LUone nto a
trance1 and '$els +er to +asten t+ro)&+ -a2re to +s +o)se. T+s s an
invasion of an nde$endent 3n&do'1 a&anst all r)les of 8ar. %nd "et t
fnds1 as !a$oleon5s n2asons often fo)nd1 a $art" n t+e n2aded real'
tself 8+c+ s)$$orts t+e n2aderG t+e '$)lse &2en fro' a dstance to
LUone5s s)bl'nal self fnds so'et+n& n t+at self not onl" co'$etent to
dscern t b)t 8lln& to obe".
/ere 'eta$+or1 +o8e2er1 cannot satsf" )s +ere. 6e +a2e reac+ed a
$ont 8+ere t s nds$ensable t+at 8e s+o)ld for' at least so'e $ro2sonal
8or3n& conce$ton not onl" of 8+at tele$at+" s notb)t of 8+at t
$ossbl" 'a" be. Its la8s1 8e +a2e concl)ded1 are not co&nate to t+e 3no8n
la8s of t+e 'ateral 8orld. It s a transference1 not of a $attern of 2bratons1
b)t of a 3no8led&e1 an '$)lse1 8+c+ see's to '$lant tself n t+e
$erc$ent5s 'nd l3e a l2n& t+n&. T+e tele$at+c '$act19 as 8e +a2e
so'et'es called t1 s no bl)nt s+oc3. It 'a" be s)ddenG b)t t 'a" also be
$ersstentG t 'a" so'et'es be o2er8+el'n&1 b)t t can be nsn)atn& too.
It s not a bolt dsc+ar&ed and done 8t+G t s a 2tal nfl)ence at 8or3 on
t+e $erc$ent5s s)bl'nal self.
!o ar&)'ent +as been as "et )r&ed n t+s dsc)sson to s+o8 t+at 'an
$ossesses a s$rt 8+c+ $receded brt+ or 8+c+ s)r22es deat+. T+e
E)eston of nd2d)al $reCe#stence1 nd2d)al s)r22al1 belon&s to a later
sta&e of o)r re2e8 of 2tal fac)lt". B)t1 ne2ert+eless1 I t+n3 t+at t+ose 8+o
+a2e been 8lln& to &o e2en t+)s far 8t+ t+e &eneral sc+e'e +ere set fort+
8ll feel t+at t+e s)bl'nal self 8+ose nfl)ence o2er t+e or&ans' see's to
be at once so latent and so $rofo)nd ')st be re&arded as so'et+n& ot+er
t+an a 'ere cQnest+etc foc)s. It ')st (so to e#$ress t) be at least an
eart+l" so)l1 a $ro2sonal s$rt.
6e +a2e1 t+en1 to 'a&ne t+s s$rt or E)asCs$rt as actn& frst
nor'all" )$on ts o8n or&ans' and t+en tele$at+call" )$on t+e or&ans's
of ot+ers. -o8 are 8e to conce2e t at 8or3W In ts o8n +ii,KHH- or&ans'1
to be&n 8t+1 t acts1 I s)$$ose1 es$ecall" )$on t+e ner2o)s s"ste'G
$r'arl" on t+e bran. To act on t+e branto drect ts t+o)&+t and 2olton
t+e s$rt ')st1 I a&an s)$$ose1 be able to 'odf" n co)ntless 8a"s eac+
nd2d)al cell. %nd ')st not s)c+ a select2e or drect2e nfl)ence be
nt'ate eno)&+ to affect se2erall" eac+ 'olec)le of 8+c+ eac+ cell s
co'$osedW Something ')st so affect t+e'G and to sto$ s+ort of t+s $o8er
for t+e s$rt 8o)ld s'$l" be to $ost)late so'e ot+er ntell&ence en&a&ed
n $re$arn& t+e s$rt5s 8or3. %ss)redl" net+er t+e 'olec)le nor t+e ato'
s t+e last 8ord of anal"ss1 as e2en t+e ordnar" $+"scst 8o)ld no8 a&ree.
T+e 8+ole $rocess 'a" be so'et+n& far s)btler t+an an acton on
'olec)lesG b)t t+)s ')c+ of s)btlet" t+ere needs ')st be. Seective
guidance o$ each individua moecue/let )s at least1 t+en1 )se t+s
for')la as a co'$endo)s e#$resson for t+e entrel" nter$enetratn&
control 8+c+ 8e ')st ass)'e t+at a 'an5s o8n s$rt e#ercses o2er +s
bran.
%nd ne#t1 n a case of tele$at+"1 t+e a&ent s so'e+o8 t+e ca)se t+at t+e
$erc$ent5s bran s+all be nfl)enced n t+s sa'e delcate1 $enetratn& 8a".
-o8 s+all 8e 'a&ne t+e 'ec+ans' of s)c+ nfl)enceW (+all 8e sa" t+at
t+e s$rt of t+e a&ent affects t+e s$rt of t+e $erc$ent1 and t+)s t+e s$rt
of t+e $erc$ent nfl)ences +s o8n branW Or s+all 8e sa" t+at t+e a&ent5s
s$rt drectl" nfl)ences t+e $erc$ent5s bran n l3e 'anner as t nfl)ences
+s o8nW T+ere 'a" see' lttle to c+oose bet8een t8o s)c+ )n$ro2able
conce$tons. Yet1 loo3n& for8ard to e2dence 8+c+ 8e s+all $resentl"
+a2e to 'eet1 I t+n3 t+at t+e second alternat2e s+o)ld $ro2sonall" not be
e#cl)ded. 4or 8e s+all +a2e cases 8+ere nan'ate 'atter o)tsde an
or&ans' s1 as I bele2e1 drectl" affected b" so'e s$rtG and t+e E)eston
8ll arse 8+et+er t+e s$rt so actn& ')st necessarl" be a s$rt dscarnate1
and o)tsde t+e 'ed)'1 or 'a" also $ossbl" be t+e 'ed)'5s o8n. I do
not 8s+ to $reD)d&e t+s E)eston1 as a&anst t+e $ossblt" t+at t+e
'ed)'5s o8n s$rt 'a" be t+e a&enc" 8+c+1 n s)c+ a case1 drectl"
affects t+e e#ternal 8orldG b)t f s)c+ s e2er to be o)r e#$lanaton1 t s
certanl" s'$ler to s)$$ose t+at +ere also t+e a&ent5s s$rt s drectl"
affectn& t+e $erc$ent5s bran1not needn&1 so to sa"1 to n2te t+e
$erc$ent5s o8n s$rt to acco'$ls+ t+at tas3.
On t+s 2e8 8e s+all +a2e an ntell&ble serest+o)&+ a seres
ad2ancn& b" lea$s and bo)ndsto re$resent t+e ac+e2e'ents of 6ll1 as t
s+a3es tself free fro' t+e l'tatons 8+c+ are b)t s+ado8s as contrasted
8t+ ts o8n realt". In t+e frst $lace 8e +a2e hyperbouia/t+e e#tenson
of t+e 6ll5s $o8er o2er tss)es n t+e or&ans' 8+c+ ts 'andates +a2e
ordnarl" faled to reac+. In t+e second $lace1 8e +a2e teergy/t+e
e#tenson of ts $o8er o2er t+e bran 'olec)les of an or&ans' ot+er t+an
t+at 8t+ 8+c+ t s $r'arl" n connecton. %nd n t+e t+rd $lace 8e s+all
+a2e tele3ness9 and t+e l3eGa &ro)$ of $+eno'ena n2ol2n& control
o2er nor&anc 'atter1 and o2er or&anc 'atter bot+ 8t+n and 8t+o)t ts
o8n or&ans'.
+ii,KHI-
T+s last e#tenson1 +o8e2er1 8ll lead to o)r t+rd cate&or"1t+e
cate&or" of $+eno'ena cla'ed as controlled b" s$rts e#ternal to t+e a&ent
or 'ed)' +'self. Before $assn& on to s)c+ 'atters 8e ')st brefl"
re2e8 t+e $+ases of $ersonalt" 8+c+ s)bl'nal nfl)ence creates or
re2eals n t+e l2n& or d"n& 'an. 6e ')st t+)s lead )$ to so'e
co'$re+enson of t+e nat)re of ,eat+1 before 8e deal 8t+ s$rts 8+o' 8e
ass)'e to +a2e $assed t+ro)&+ t+at crss )ndestro"ed.
(=) /O,I4IC%TIO!( O4 (:BLI/I!%L PER(O!%LITY.
5a6 )irth/ as Spiritua (ndividuation.6t+ t+e $rofo)nder conce$ton
of t+e (elf 8+c+ o)r ncl)son of ts s)bl'nal ele'ents '$les1 8e fnd
assocated $rofo)nder se2erances and reCarran&e'ents n ts constt)ent
ele'entsG'ore s&nfcant c+an&es1 so to sa"1 n ts nternal conf&)raton.
I desre to co'$are t+ese 8t+ t+e 'odfcatons of $ersonalt" 8+c+ occ)r
n ordnar" lfeG to co'$are t+e'1 of co)rse1 8t+ t+e $)r$ose of )lt'atel"
s+o8n& t+at +ere also 8e are 'a3n& a for8ard ste$ n $recsel" t+at $at+
of 8+c+ s$rtCcontrol s n so'e sense t+e &oal. T+e frst 'odfcaton of
$ersonalt" of 8+c+ 8e +a2e co&nsance1 t+e frst on o)r for'er lst of
s)$ral'nal c+an&es1 8as t+e crss of birth. 4ro' o)r for'er $ont of 2e8
t+at crss 8as one of $+"solo&cal nd2d)aton onl". Re&ardn& t+e
or&ans' no8 as n tr)t+ an organon as an nstr)'ent t+ro)&+ 8+c+ a
s$rt essentall" dstnct t+erefro' e#ercses t+e fac)ltes 8+c+ s)bser2e ts
selfCe#$resson8e s+all as3 o)rsel2es 8+at else +as occ)rred at brt+1
besdes t+e se$araton of a ne8 b)d fro' t+e &enealo&cal tree 8+c+ s
rooted n eart+5s $re+storc $ast. %t $resent 8e +a2e seen reason for
conDect)rn& t+at t+s at least +as occ)rredGt+e nd2d)aton1 n
connecton 8t+ t+e or&ans'1 of so'e for' of spiritua $acuty,of
fac)lt"1 t+at s to sa"1 8+c+ ')st +a2e been called nto ben& n so'e ot+er
en2ron'ent1 snce t+e str)&&le for e#stence n t+s 'ateral 8orld co)ld
not +a2e or&nated or de2elo$ed t. ()c+1 as I +a2e else8+ere )r&ed1 are t+e
fac)ltes concerned n tele$at+" and clar2o"anceG t+e" are 'odes of
$erce$ton 8+c+ t+e cor$oreal or&ans' 'a" restrct b)t can +ardl" n an"
conce2able 8a" +a2e e2ol2ed. Yet alt+o)&+ 8e 'a" trace t+s one sde of
o)r lnea&e to a s$rt)al or 'etet+eral 8orld1 t does not follo8 t+at 8e can
t+erefore cla' t+at o)r $ersonaltes no8 ncarnated n t+ese bodes are t+e
contn)ed 'anfestaton of $ersonaltes 8+c+ +a2e alread" l2ed as
dstnct2e enttes else8+ere1 or 8+c+ can s)r22e as $ersonaltes t+at
ot+er crss of bodl" deat+ to 8+c+ t+e fact of ncarnaton necessarl"
e#$oses t+e'. Let )s see 8+et+er ot+er $+ases of terrene $ersonalt" t+ro8
an" l&+t )$on t+s $roble'.
5b6 Seep and Trance/ Se$,suggested or teepathicay,suggested/ #ith
Cairvoyant Cisions.Parallel 8t+ o)r +eadn& of slee$9 n t+e col)'n of
s)$ral'nal fac)ltes 8e +a2e t+e +eadn& of trance9 n t+e s)bl'nal. +ii,
KHJ- %nd n ts frst and s'$lest as$ect trance s suggested seep,slee$
'tated b" t+e s)bl'nal self fro' t+e fa'lar s$ontaneo)s $attern1 b)t
often '$ro2ed n t+e 'taton1 bot+ n restorat2e effcac" and n ftness
for ends ot+er t+an $+"scal rec)$eraton. 4ro' t+e t+o)&+tCtransference
e#$er'ent 8t+ l&+tl" +"$notsed s)bDects to t+e sommei > distance
ns$red b" ,r. Gbert or ,r. 7anet n LUone9fro' t+e +"$erFst+esa of
so'e of /. Bnet5s s)bDects to t+e tra2elln& clar2o"ance9 of 7ane9 . ,*3
B / 8e fnd eac+ s)$ernor'al fac)lt" n t)rn facltated b" t+e abe"ance of
'an5s +abt)al attenton to t+e st')l of t+e 'ateral 8orld. T+e de&ree to
8+c+ t+s $rotecton fro' ntr)s2e t+o)&+t1 or ntr)s2e $an1 'a" be
carred s +ardl" "et e#$loredG b)t t+e sa'e abstracton 8+c+ s eno)&+ to
nd)ce n 'an" s)bDects a co'$lete ndfference to se2ere s)r&cal
o$eratons1 'a" $er+a$s +ereafter be )tlsed to assst n sec)rn&
)ndst)rbed ntenst" of t+o)&+t.
%nd n t+e 'eant'e 'ost of t+ese states of slee$ or trance $resent an
)nsolcted cro$ of deas and $ct)res of t+er o8n. %ll dreams, ndeed1
accordn& to '" defnton1 are $ro$erl" s)bl'nalG t+e" do not belon& to
t+e s)$erfcal 'e'or"1 alt+o)&+ t+e" le so close to t t+at t+e" 'a" &et
ncl)ded n t b" a sort of accdent. T+e" are b)bbles brea3n& )$on t+at
s)rface fro' t+e dee$ belo8. It s nat)ral1 t+erefore1 t+at t+s easest 'et+od
of co'')ncaton s+o)ld be ta3en ad2anta&e of b" t+e s)bl'nal self to
send )$8ard 'essa&es of dee$er '$ort. %ll t+e ne8l"Cnoted for's of
fac)lt" 8+c+ 8e +a2e alread" to)c+ed )$on fnd e#$resson et+er n
drea's or n t+e slee$C8a3n& nter2als 8+c+ are a 3nd of transtor"
e'er&ences nto a condton on t+e ot+er sde of slee$. -"$er'nesa s
oftenest s+o8n n drea's1 and clar2o"ance n t+e slee$C8a3n& or
so'na'b)lc sta&e of +"$notc trance. In drea's also retroco&nton and
$reco&nton are 'anfestedG fac)ltes 8+c+1 snce t+er or&n s obsc)re1 I
a' no8 cla'n& solel" for t+e )naded s)bl'nal self.
5c6 8cstasy .:nder t+s +eadn& I ncl)de e#$erences 8+ere t+e
s)bl'nal self n trance c+an&es ts en2ron'ent and $asses for a t'e nto
t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 retann& s)c+ relatons to t+e or&ans' as enable t to
ret)rn to ts ordnar" condton.
5d6 *eath/ as (rrevocabe Se$,pro"ection o$ the Spirit.T+en 8+en t+e
last c+an&e co'es1 and 8e as3 o)rsel2es 8t+ 8+at added &ro)nd for
s$ec)laton 8e no8 stran o)r &aNe be"ond t+at obsc)rest crss1 8e fnd1 I
t+n31 t8o consderatons 8+c+ t+e st)d" of s)bl'nal $o8ers +as
s)&&estedG one of t+e' n +ar'on" 8t+ t+e +&+est t+o)&+t of $+loso$+er
and $oetG t+e ot+er1 not ndeed $ost2el" nconsstent t+ere8t+1 b)t stll
recalln& )s to t+e $s"c+olo&" of t+e (tone %&e1 and t+e cr)de an's' of
+ardl" +)'an 'en.
4or frst 8e s+all sa" t+at n est'atn& 8+at t+ere s n o)r ben& 8+c+
'a" conce2abl" s)r22e t+e to'b1 8e can no8 cla' to +a2e dscerned
so'et+n& 8t+n )s 8+c+ belon&s to an en2ron'ent 8+c+ s +ii,KHK-
e#e'$t fro' eart+l" condtons1 and 8+c+ 'a" antecede at once and
nter$enetrate o)r 'ateral sc+e'e of t+n&s. T+ose ancent 2e8s1 t+erefore1
8+c+ re$resent t+e so)l5s ''ortalt" as deter'ned b" ts 2er" nat)re and
or&n fnd t+e'sel2es no8 as ne2er before s)$$orted and renforced.
I refer es$ecall" to s)c+ cases as t+ose descrbed n C+a$ter VI. of
$roDecton of t+o)&+t19 oras I t+ere called t$s"c+cal n2ason.9
8+c+ s+o8 so'e 3nd of ener&" or $erce$ton e#ercsed b" t+e s$rt at a
dstance fro' ts $+"scal base of o$eraton1tele$at+call" )$on ot+er
'nds1 telFst+etcall" n ot+er $arts of s$ace. In tele$at+c clar2o"ance19
t+e $erc$ent see's to +'self to be $resent n t+e scene 8+ere t+e soC
called a&ent act)all" s at t+e t'e. %nd n rec$rocal cases1 not onl" s t+e
$erc$ent consco)s of n2adn& t+e a&ent5s $resence1 b)t t+e latter s n
so'e 8a" a8are of t+e n2ason. 4)rt+er1 t+e descr$tons of se2eral cases
of e#$er'ental selfC$roDecton conc)r n t+e '$resson felt of s$rt)al
trans$ortaton1 of tet+ern& connecton 8t+ t+e bod"1 of ret)rn t+erento
8t+ a s+oc3.
*
%nd t8o narrat2es of an'aton s)s$ended to t+e 2er&e of
deat+ (,r. 6ltse and /. Bertrand1 see *13 A)1 +a2e d8elt on t+at crss as
an a$$arent esca$e of t+e s$rt fro' t+e bod"1 to 8+c+ t s )lt'atel"
retracted b" a re'ann& $s"c+cal ln3 of attac+'ent. T+ese cases be&n
l3e so'e of t+e cases 8+c+ 8e class as +all)cnatons e#$er'entall"
$rod)ced9 t+e" re'nd )s1 as t+e" $roceed1 of narrat2es of tra2elln&
clar2o"ance9 and t+e" reac+ a $ont 8+ere t+e ne8 centre of $erce$ton
see's 8t+n an ace of alto&et+er s)$ersedn& t+e old.
T+ese sn&)lar and $ossbl" $)rel" s)bDect2e cases are no act)al $roof
of an"t+n& 8+ate2er. B)t t+e" deser2e notce +ere1 8+ere 8e are ta3n&
stoc3 of an" s)c+ ndcatons of t+e tr)e nat)re of deat+ as can be &at+ered
fro' e2dence 8+c+ does not e2en $retend to co'e fro' de$arted s$rts1
or to rest on an"t+n& be"ond t+e $ersonal e#$erence of l2n& 'en.
EuI q8t+ a r)s+ t +)rred fort+9sa"s -o'er of
t+e ss)n& s$rt18+ose s&nfcance for +' stll +)n& bet8een breath
and sou. -o'er 'a" be too old a 8tness1 and ,r. 6ltse too ne8G b)t.
ndeed1 8+at ot+er ntell&ble conce$ton can 8e fnd n t+e a&es bet8een
t+e'W 6+at1 sa2e t+e &+astl" 'on3s+ drea'&+astl" t+o)&+ ens+rned1
t+s also1 n 8orldCs+a3n& 2erseof t+e slee$ n t+e c+arnelC+o)se1 and t+e
tr)'$ t+at ec+oes per sepucra regionum and s)''ons nto a ne8
concreton t+e d)st of t+e deadW
%t least 8e +a2e done 8t+ that/ and1 $a)sn& +ere before 8e re2e8
s)c+ e2dence as 'a" see' to +a2e co'e to )s fro' be+nd t+e 2el1 8e
'a" at least feel t+at t s a s$rt)al entt" and not a reCnte&rated s3eleton1
8+c+ 8e no8 follo8 8t+ d' antc$aton )$on ts )n3no8n soltar" 8a".
+ii,KHL-
III. THIRD SERIES:PHENOMENA CLAIMED AS SPIRITUALLY
CONTROLLED.
(*) Subimina Consciousness, *iscerning and (n$uenced by
*isembodied Spirits in a Spiritua Dord/ #ho Co,operate in &roducing
<b"ective &henomena.%nd +ere at last 8e +a2e reac+ed t+e $ont 8+ere
8e s+o)ld be&n to rea$ t+e beneft of t+s lon& ntrod)cton. In entern& on
t+e t+rd of o)r $arallel serest+at to 8+c+ t+e ot+er t8o +a2e been
ntended to lead )$1o)r sc+e'e1 t+at s to sa"1 of 2tal fac)lt" as obser2ed
)nder t+e control of so'e s$rt)al a&enc"1 8e are not no8 $l)n&n& nto a
c+aos of entrel" ne8 $roble's. /ost of t+ose $roble's1 alt+o)&+ of co)rse
not sol2ed1 +a2e at least been alread" stated, n so'e s'lar for'G and at
eac+ $ont 8e s+all be ta3n& )$ a lne of t+o)&+t on 8+c+ 8e +a2e 'ade
so'e be&nnn&.
6e +a2e1 t+en1 to deal 8t+ t+e +)'an s$rt )nder ne8 condtonsG as
bro)&+t nto ''edate relatons 8t+ t+e s$rt)al 8orld. 6e s+all be
concerned $r'arl" 8t+ t+e s)bl'nal consco)snessG for t s n t+at
re&on t+at t+e ln3 of )non lesG and 'an" of t+e $+eno'ena are
dscernble to t+e $)r&ed e"e9 of soCcalled clar2o"ance alone. B)t
ne2ert+eless t+s co''erce 8t+ dse'boded s$rts1 l3e co''erce 8t+
e'boded s$rts1 affects 'an5s 8+ole ben&G and 8e s+all +a2e to dsc)ss
'an" $+eno'ena of an absol)tel" obDect2e 3nd.
In one 8a"1 ndeed1 to &et on to drect s$rtCnterco)rse fro' t+e
obsc)re s)bl'nal $+eno'ena 8+c+ 8e +a2e tll no8 been dsc)ssn& s a
sort of e'er&ence nto a clearer ar. 6+at 8e +a2e d'l" nferred s no8
$lanl" assertedG 8+at 8e +a2e conDect)red a'on& contendn& $ossbltes
s no8 set $lanl" before )s. 6e are n t+e $oston n 8+c+ a tad$ole 8o)ld
be 8+o +ad learned t+eoretcall" t+at 8+at +e 8as breat+n& n +s $ond 8as
not t+e 8ater b)t t+e o#"&en dssol2ed t+erenG and 8+o t+en s+o)ld +a2e t
&ranted to +' to rase +s +ead abo2e 8ater1 and to $erce2e fro&s and ot+er
an'als res$rn& t+e transl)cd ar. (o1 for )s too1 t+e 'etet+eral ele'ent
+as t+)s far been dssol2ed a'd 'ateral t+n&sG 8e are no8 to co'e n
contact 8t+ ben&s for 8+o' t+at +"$ot+etcal en2ron'ent s t+e nat)ral
and $redestned +o'e.
Before 8e &o nto detal1 let )s reflect for a 'o'ent on t+e fact t+at s)c+
nterco)rse s+o)ld be $ossble. G2en t+e fact of tele$at+"1 need t+s be a
s)r$rseW 6e +a2e seen t+at t+e e#stence of s)c+ a for' of 'etet+eral
ener&" n2ol2ed n +)'an lfe1 t+o)&+ t cannot act)all" $ro2e t+e s$rt5s
s)r22al1 "et s)&&ests t so stron&l" t+at e2dence to s)r22al fro' ot+er
E)arters need no lon&er see' +ard to reconcle 8t+ t+e 3no8n sc+e'e of
t+n&s. %nd f s)r22al t+ere be1 t+en t+e fact t+at s$rts s+o)ld nfl)ence
'en 8ll certanl" not n tself be s)r$rsn&. It 8ll see' no8 no solated or
)nE)e $+eno'enon1 b)t t+e ne2table ded)cton fro' a )n2ersal la8. T+at
la8 s t+e drect trans'sson of t+o)&+t and e'oton fro' 'nd to 'nd1
and t+e teergyto )se +ere a 8ord 'ore act2e n ts connotaton t+an
tele$at+"t+e teler&" b" 8+c+ t+s trans'sson +ii,KHM- s effected 'a"
be as )n2ersall" dff)sed n t+e 'etet+eral 8orld as +eat n t+e 'ateral.
(.) P-Y(IC%L !:TRITIO! /O,I4IE, BY (PIRITCCO!TROL.
5a6 Spirit,suggestion/ &sychotherapeutics.To t+e l'tn& condtons
)nder 8+c+ t+s ener&" reac+es t+e c+osen senst2e a'on& t+e 'ass of
'en1 8e s+all +a2e to ret)rn +ereafter. It 8ll be 8ell to $roceed frst to
trace so'e of t+e effects of t+at control19 or nterco)rse1 )nder t+e sa'e
seres of +eadn&s 8+c+ 8e +a2e no8 t8ce alread" $)rs)ed.
4rst1 t+en1 as to t+e effects of s$rtCcontrol on bodl" n)trton.
Ob2o)sl" f 8e are a&reed n t+n3n& t+at t+e s)&&eston of a l2n&
+"$notser s 2rt)all" not+n& 'ore t+an a +nt so'e+o8 con2e"ed to t+e
selfCs)&&est2e $o8ers of t+e $atent1 t 8ll not be eas" to be s)re t+at a
spiritQs alle&ed co''and or benedcton1 or $ro'se of c)re1 s reall"
o$eratn& ot+er8se t+an as a s'lar st')l)s to so'et+n& 8+c+ s reall"
done b" t+e $atent +'self. In /r. /oses5 case t+ere 8ere ass)rances &2en
t+at +s $+"scal condton 8as often benefted b" s$rtC$o8erG b)t n t+e
fe8 defnte nstances 8+c+ +e records of a +ealn& effect1 t s to act)al
to)c+es and stro3n&sl3e 'es'erc $assest+at t+e beneft s ascrbed.
('lar e#$erences are attrb)ted to ,. ,. -o'e. 6e s+all +a2e so'et+n&
'ore to sa" of t+s 'es'ersaton later onG and also of t+at for' of
$s"c+ot+era$e)tc 8+c+ conssts n a clar2o"ant da&noss alle&ed to be
&2en b" a s$rt1 and follo8ed $er+a$s b" ad2ce a2o8edl" based )$on a
recollecton of eart+l" learnn&.
5b6 Stigmatisation .T+e a&enc" of s$rts n t+e $rod)cton of
stigmatisation s o$en to t+e sa'e 3nd of do)bt. Rel&o)s st&'ata1 ndeed1
as follo8n& )$on 'ore ntense feeln& t+an 'ere e#$er'ental st&'ata
(s)c+ as s)&&ested blsters rese'bln& so'e letter of t+e al$+abet) see'
e2en 'ore 'anfestl" connected 8t+ t+e 8or3n&s of t+e addoorataQs o8n
s$rt. /r. /oses +as t+ree c)ro)s cases. In one of t+e' t+e 'ere 8rtten
s)&&eston of a s$rt s follo8ed b" t+e a$$earance of letters on +s ar'1
rese'bln&1 a$$arentl"1 t+e lnear 8+eals 8+c+ follo8 a lne dra8n 8t+
t+e fn&erCnal n so'e cases of nettleras+1 and 8+c+ de$end on a sl&+t
dff)son of ser)' beneat+ t+e s3n. In anot+er case an er"t+e'ato)s $atc+
on t+e fore+ead follo8s on a $er+a$s 'a&nar" to)c+ d)rn& a drea' or
2son. In a t+rd case 8+at see's to +a2e been a real to)c+ at a sUance
brea3s t+e s3n1 and lea2es an nfla'ed 8o)nd.
It s notceable1 8t+ re&ard to 8+at 8ll follo8 later1 t+at so'et+n& l3e
act)al 'ateral contact s+o)ld so'et'es be nssted )$on1 as a$$ears fro'
/r. /oses5 records1 n t+e $rod)cton b" s$rts of a $+eno'enon 8+c+ 8e
+a2e seen t+e s)bl'nal self $rod)ce 8t+ no 'ateral nter2enton.
5c6 Nove and &urposive 2etastasis o$ Secretion.E#ce$t1 +o8e2er1 for
t+s nsstence on act)al to)c+1 t+e st&'atc $+eno'ena +a2e t+)s far
follo8ed t+e no8 8ellC3no8n t"$e. Yet t 'a" occ)r to )s to as3 +ii,KHN-
8+et+er s$rts actn& t+)s on t+e or&ans'1 and endo8ed 8t+ t+e 'ore
nt'ate ns&+t nto t+e 'olec)lar constt)ton of t+n&s 8t+ 8+c+ I +a2e
credted t+e'1 co)ld not &o f)rt+er stll1 and s$lt )$ t+e $roteds of t+e bod"
n so'e )nfa'lar 8a". T+ese are1 of co)rse1 co'$le# eno)&+ to be s$lt
)$1 not onl" nto t+e 2aro)s $ro#'ate ele'ents1 nor'al or $at+olo&cal1
8+c+ +a2e alread" been detected n t+e bod"1 b)t nto an ndefnte n)'ber
of ot+er co'$o)nds as 8ell. It 'a" be sad1 ndeed1 t+at no2el $rod)cts of
$roted deco'$oston1 e2en f t+e" co)ld be $rod)ced1 8o)ld esca$e
reco&nton sa2e b" t+e acco'$ls+ed c+e'st. T+ere s1 +o8e2er1 one of
o)r senses 8+c+ n certan drectons can e2en o)t'atc+ n delcac" t+e
c+e'st5s s3ll. %nd t+ere s n an'al bodes an )ne#+a)sted reser2or of
$otental odo)rs ca$able of st')latn& t+s sense to t+e f)ll. 6+ere t+e
s3)n3 s $ossble1 all s $ossbleG and t need not be a +o$eless tas3 to dra8
fro' t+e +)'an or&ans' fra&rances 8+c+ 'a" bear to s3)n3 or ')s3Crat
t+e relaton 8+c+ t+e 'ost delcate tnt of 'a)2e bears to t+e or&nal tar.
On one secreton n $artc)lar Professor Ra'sa"1 4.R.(.1 +as fa2o)red 'e
8t+ t+e follo8n& re'ar3sJ Pers$raton conssts of ca$roate of &l"cer"l1
'#ed 8t+ t+e free acd1 I bele2e. It does not s'ell nceG b)t $)re ca$roates
are 2er" fra&rant f t+e r&+t alco+olc base s co'bned. I fanc" t+at
8oodr)ffe and 2erbena are of t+e nat)re of t)r$entne1 and +a2e $robabl"
t+e sa'e $ercenta&e co'$oston. -o8e2er1 so far as I 3no81 t+e" +a2e not
been n2est&ated.9
Bearn& all t+s n 'nd1 let )s ret)rn to certan $assa&es 8+c+ +a2e
$er+a$s +t+erto see'ed a'on& t+e 'ost &rotesE)e and ncredble 8+c+ t+e
records of /r. /oses5 sUances contan. I refer to t+e freE)entl" attested
8elln& or stllaton of 2aro)s lE)d scents19 'anl" 2erbena and
8oodr)ffe1 and on one occason at least atering on reE)est1 fro' a
crc)'scrbed $atc+ on t+e to$ of /r. /oses5 +ead. T+e &)des affr' t+at
t+s secreton s restorat2eG and on one occason es$ecall"1 8+en /r.
/oses s tred and de$ressed b" sttn& lon& a'dst a ro)&+ cro8d1 t s
stated t+at t+e scent s $rod)ced and e2a$orated n )n)s)al E)anttes n
order to $rotect +' fro' t+e e#+a)stn& nfl)ence of +s s)rro)ndn&s.
*
+ii,KHO-
T+e reader 8ll readl" see t+e nter$retaton 8+c+1 n '" 2e81 t+ese
facts ')st rece2e. I re&ard t+e dse'boded s$rt5s nfl)ence on t+e
or&ans' as 'ore nstr)cted1 so to sa"1 t+an t+e nfl)ence of t+e s)bl'nal
selfGD)st as t+e nfl)ence of t+e s)bl'nal self s 'ore nstr)cted t+an t+at
of t+e s)$ral'nal. 6+ere t+e one can ada$t1 t+e ot+er can or&nateG 8+ere
t+e s)bl'nal self can re$rod)ce b" a no2el 'et+od t+e secreton 8+c+ t+e
or&ans' +as alread" learnt to for'1 t+e ot+er can co'$ose a fres+
secreton1 8t+ a defnte a'.
% defnte a'1 I sa"1 s$ea3n& at $resent of t+e odorfero)s and
reco&nsable c+aracter alone. B)t t s not '$ossble t+at t+e secreton 'a"
+a2e +ad a t+era$e)tc 2al)e as 8ell. It 'a" conce2abl" +a2e carred off
8aste $rod)cts 'ore effect2el" t+an t+e ordnar" $ers$raton of 8+c+ t
see's to +a2e been a 'odfed for'.
-o8e2er t+s 'a" be1 t+e abo2e bref dsc)sson 'a" +a2e s)&&ested to
)s t+at t s b" t+e co'$arat2e 'et+od +ere ado$ted t+at 8e +a2e t+e best
c+ance of brn&n& t+ese &rotesE)e 'ar2els nto so'e tr)e analo&" 8t+
e#$er'ents alread" 3no8n to scence.
(;) P-Y(IC%L E0PE!,IT:RE /O,I4IE, BY (PIRITCCO!TROL.
5a6 2echanica 8$$iciency (ncreased and 9ucrum *ispaced.-a2n&
t+)s dealt brefl" 8t+ s$rtCnfl)ence as e#ercsed )$on t+e $rocesses of
n)trton1 let )s &o on to consder n 8+at 8a" t+s nfl)ence see's to affect
t+e o)t$)t of ener&"1strea'n& fro' t+e or&ans' nto t+e 'olec)lar or
t+e et+eral 8orld. %nd1 frst1 let )s consder 'ec+ancal 8or3 done n
s'$le1 'olar for't+e 'o2e'ents of +ea2" )nto)c+ed obDects 8+c+
rec)r so +abt)all" n records s)c+ as t+ese. 6+en 8e +ear of s)c+ a
'o2e'ent 8e as3 o)rsel2es 8+et+er t can be s+o8n to be consstent 8t+
t+e ordnar" 'ec+ancal la8 of acton and reacton1 and 8t+ t+e 8der
&eneralsaton of t+e conser2aton of ener&". 6+ere s t+e f)lcr)'W -o8
&reat1 and 8+ence der2ed1 s t+e ener&" e'$lo"edW T+e E)eston of t+e
f)lcr)' '&+t conce2abl" be settled b" act)al e#$er'ent. In ts $resent
condton t for's $art of t+e 'ore &eneral $roble' of soCcalled
ecto$las"19 or e#tr)son fro' t+e or&ans' of 2tal ener&"1 8+c+ 8ll be
consdered )nder a later +eadn&. %s to t+e source of t+e ener&"1 8e ')st
needs s)$$ose t+at to be n t+e or&ans' of t+e 'ed)'1 )nless t s+o)ld be
s+o8n to e#ceed an" a'o)nt of 8+c+ 8e can s)$$ose +s or&ans'
ca$able. %t frst s&+t t +as so'et'es see'ed (as 8t+ ,. ,. -o'e) to
e#ceed t+s a'o)nt. B)t n o)r est'aton 8e ')st bear n 'nd t+at (as 8as
sad abo2e) an ncrease of at least 'o'entar" ')sc)lar $o8er 'a" co'e
fro' one of t8o ca)ses'a" be et+er t+e res)lt of nte&raton or t+e
conco'tant of dsnte&raton. %s t+e conco'tant of dsnte&raton1 n
+"stera or 'ana1 t+e s"'$to' s a fa'lar one1 and ndcates t+e )neE)al
conser2aton of efferent and n+btor" st')l. % rec3less orderas for a
Balacla2a c+ar&es &2en to t+e ')scles1 and t+ere s no 8se s)$eror
offcer to co)nter'and or restran.
+ii,KIP-
B)t1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e 8ea3ness of t+e &eneral1 8+le t $er'ts of
ras+ness n t+e ar'" 8+c+ +as &ot o)t of +and1 'a" also fal to )tlse t+e
+ealt+" ardo)r of an obedent +ost. T+e stron&C8lled1 ed)cated savant can
so'et'es co'$ress t+e d"na'o'eter 'ore forcbl" t+an t+e rob)st
$lo)&+'anGnot beca)se +s +ands are stron&er1 b)t beca)se +e can at a
&2en 'o'ent t+ro8 a &reater $ro$orton of +s total ener&" nto t+e'. -o8
far s)c+ ncrease of $o8er '&+t &o 8e 3no8 not. T+e l't of t+e force
8+c+ +)'an ')scles co)ld t+eoretcall" e#ert s far fro' ben& reac+ed n
co''on lfe.
If1 t+en1 t s as3ed 8+et+er t+ese $+eno'ena a$$ear to trans&ress t+e
la8 of Conser2aton of Ener&"1 8e can affr' t+at t+e" do not,n t+e
sense t+at t+e 8or3 done1 so far as 'eas)rable n footC$o)nds1 does not
'anfestl" e#ceed t+e 8or3 8+c+ t+e senst2e5s or&ans'1 co)ld 8e
s)$$ose t +andled as a fa'lar nstr)'ent b" a 'nd co'$letel"
)nderstandn& t1 co)ld $robabl" acco'$ls+ 8t+o)t $er'anent nD)r". %nd
8e 'a" add t+at1 accordn& to state'ents 'ade b" t+e controls n /r.
/oses5 and ot+er cases1 so'e of t+e force t+)s )sed s ta3en fro' ot+er
$ersons $resentG n 8+c+ case t+ere 8o)ld $robabl" be an a'$le s)r$l)s1
after all t+e recorded feats +ad been $erfor'ed.
B)t t+e $ossble satsfactonn so'e obsc)re 'annerof t+e la8 of
Conser2aton of Ener&" brn&s )s b)t lttle nearer to a D)stfcaton of t+e
alle&ed $+eno'ena. 6e do not 3no81 n fact1 +o8 ')c+ ener&" s)c+
$+eno'ena 8o)ld need1 for no a'o)nt of ener&"1 a$$led n an" 8a"
3no8n to o)rsel2es1 co)ld $ossbl" $rod)ce t+e'.
5b6 Contro over (ndividua 2ateria 2oecues/ 7esuting in
Abrogation o$ <rdinary Therma .a#s, and in Aggregation and
*isaggregation o$ 2atter.T+ese no2el dealn&s 8t+ 'atter1 8+le 2er"
2aro)s n c+aracter1 are all of t+e' s)c+ as to s)&&est t+at +ere also t+e
a&ent (t+o)&+ $er+a$s not consco)sl") s actn& )$on 'olec)les and not
)$on 'assesG +ere1 also1 n t+e nan'ate and nor&anc 8orld1 D)st as t
see'ed to 'e '&+t be t+e case n s$rtCacton )$on a l2n& bran.
Let )s consder for a 'o'ent t+e ad2ance n $o8er o2er nat)re 8+c+
s)c+ a 'ode of acton 8o)ld '$l".
-abt)all" 8e deal 8t+ 'atter n a 'olar 'annerG ta3n& lttle or no
acco)nt of t+e 'olec)lar c+an&es n2ol2ed n t+e e#ec)ton of o)r 'olar
des&ns. (nce t+e rse of t+e 3netc t+eor" of &asessa" for t+s last +alfC
cent)r"8e +a2e also been able to deal 8t+ 'atter 'olec)larl"1 b)t
'erel" (as /a#8ell e#$resses t) n statistica fas+onGdealn& 8t+
'olec)les n ''ense n)'bers1 and ac+e2n& res)lts 8+c+1 t+o)&+ far
'ore delcate and $enetratn& t+an an" 'olar res)lts co)ld be1 ')st
ne2ert+eless see' r)de and 8+olesale to an" ntell&ence 8+c+ can act)all"
dscern t+e 'olec)les 8+c+ 8e 'erel" nfer. O)r act)al 3no8led&e of
concrete t+n&s19 sa"s /a#8ell1
*
s of an essentall" statistica nat)re1
beca)se no one +as "et dsco2ered an" $ractcal +ii,KIG- 'et+od of tracn&
t+e $at+ of a 'olec)le1 or of dentf"n& t at dfferent t'es.9
T+e 'at+e'atcal $+"scst and t+e c+e'st1 n fact1 +a2e so'e8+at t+e
sa'e sort of 3no8led&e of t+er 'olec)les t+at t+e Re&strarCGeneral +as of
t+e $o$)laton. (o ')c+ +"dro&en co'bnn& 8t+ so ')c+ o#"&en 8ll
'a3e 8aterG e#$lode t+e' to&et+er and "o) &et "o)r dro$G b)t 8+o can sa"
8+c+ +"dro&enCato' 8ll co'bne 8t+ a &2en ato' of o#"&enW T+ere
8ll be abo)t so 'an" 'arra&es ne#t "ear19 sa"s t+e Re&strarCGeneralG b)t
+e $erforce lea2es t+e nd2d)al brdes and brde&roo's to sort t+e'sel2es.
To foresee or to &)de t+e affntes of eac+ se2eral 'olec)le 8o)ld be for
t+e $+"scst as &reat a ste$ n ad2ance as t 8o)ld be for t+e Re&strarC
General co)ld +e foresee or &)de e2er" '$)lse to 8edloc3 n t+e :nted
Rn&do'.
%ss)'e1 t+en1 for t+e sa3e of ar&)'ent1 a $o8er l3e t+s. %ss)'e t+at
8e can dstnctl" see and easl" deal 8t+ eac+ of t+e co)ntless 'llons of
'olec)les contaned n a sn&le roo'. 6e see t+e' dstn&)s+ed one fro'
anot+er b" s$eed1 b" drecton of 'o2e'ent1 b" sNe1 b" co'$le#t"1 b"
ntrnsc 2bratonGt+s last dfference corres$ondn& to 8+at 8e dee'
dfference of ele'ental constt)ton. 6e can t+erefore drect or co'bne all
t+ese as 8e 8ll. 6e can1 for nstance1 to ta3e one of t+e $+eno'ena +ere
recorded1 dseE)alse t+e te'$erat)re of t8o $arts of a closed c+a'ber b"
drectn& t+e s8ftl"C'o2n& 'olec)les to one sde of an 'a&nar"
$artton1 t+e 'ore slo8l"C'o2n& to t+e ot+er1 and t+)s 'a3n& t+e belts of
cooler and 8ar'er ar of 8+c+ /r. /oses tells )s. B)t +ere I $a)seG for t+e
ar&)'ent +as reac+ed a $ont 8+ere t s lable to attac3 on t8o o$$oste
sdes. On t+e one sde t 8ll be re&arded as ntolerabl" no2el and
e#tra2a&antG 8+le on t+e ot+er sde t 8ll be set do8n as t+e 'ere
$la&ars' of a fa'lar $+"scal s$ec)laton. It 8as1 n fact1 at abo)t t+s
$ont of an ar&)'ent 8+c+1 as t+e reader +as seen1 +ad led 'e b" a 2tal or
$s"c+olo&cal rat+er t+an b" a $+"scal road to t+s conce$ton of select2e
'olec)lar acton1 t+at t beca'e $lan to 'e t+at Professor Cler3 /a#8ell5s
(ortn& ,e'ons +ad been alread" tranedf I 'a" so sa"to t+e 2er"
$erfor'ances 8+c+ I 8as no8 ascrbn& to s$rtC$o8er. T+e reader +as
$robabl" alread" recollected t+ese 'a&nar" creat)resG n2ented b" t+e
&reat $+"scst to ll)strate a $rocess b" 8+c+ t 8o)ld be t+eoretcall"
$ossble to arrest t+e dss$aton of ener&" and to dseE)alse ane8 t+e
te'$erat)re of t+e :n2erse. I t)rned to Lord Rel2n5s &opuar .ectures and
Addresses, 2ol. . $. *<<1 for t+e f)llest descr$ton of t+e nat)ral +stor" of
t+s 'n)test s$eces of C+'Fra1bombitans in vacuo to so'e $)r$ose
no8Z I fo)nd 8+at 2rt)all" a'o)nts to an e#$lanaton1 on t+s +"$ot+ess1
of 'ost of t+e $+eno'ena of /r. /oses5 sUances1 so far as concerned 8t+
nan'ate 'atter.
-e s a ben& (sa"s Lord Rel2n1 of /a#8ell5s ,e'on) 8t+ no
$reternat)ral E)altes1 and dffers fro' real l2n& an'als onl" n e#tre'e
s'allness and a&lt". -e can at $leas)re sto$1 or str3e1 or $)s+1 or $)ll an"
sn&le +ii,KIH- ato' of 'atter1 and so 'oderate ts nat)ral co)rse of 'oton.
Endo8ed deall" 8t+ ar's and +ands and fn&erst8o +ands and ten
fn&ers s)ffce+e can do as ')c+ for ato's as a $anoforte $la"er can do
for t+e 3e"s of t+e $anoD)st a lttle 'ore1 +e can $)s+ and $)ll eac+ ato'
n an" drecton.
-e cannot create or ann)l ener&"G b)t D)st as a l2n& an'al does1 +e
can store )$ l'ted E)anttes of ener&"1 and re$rod)ce t+e' at 8ll. B"
o$eratn& select2el" on nd2d)al ato's +e can re2erse t+e nat)ral
dss$aton of ener&"1 can ca)se one +alf of a closed Dar of ar1 or of a bar of
ron1 to beco'e &lo8n& +ot1 and t+e ot+er ceCcoldG can drect t+e ener&" of
t+e 'o2n& 'olec)les of a basn of 8ater to t+ro8 t+e 8ater )$ to a +e&+t1
and lea2e t t+ere $ro$ortonatel" cooled (* de&. 4a+ren+et for ==. ft. of
ascent)G can sort9 t+e 'olec)les n a sol)ton of salt or n a '#t)re of t8o
&ases1 so as to re2erse t+e nat)ral $rocess of dff)son1 and $rod)ce
concentraton of t+e sol)ton n one $orton of t+e 8ater1 lea2n& $)re 8ater
n t+e re'ander of t+e s$ace occ)$edG or n t+e ot+er case se$arate t+e
&ases nto dfferent $arts of t+e contann& 2essel. T+e classfcaton1
accordn& to 8+c+ t+e deal de'on s to sort t+e'1 'a" be accordn& to t+e
essental c+aracter of t+e ato'G for nstance1 all ato's of +"dro&en to be let
&o to t+e left1 or sto$$ed fro' crossn& to t+e r&+t1 across an deal
bo)ndar"G or t 'a" be accordn& to t+e 2eloct" eac+ ato' c+ances to +a2e
8+en t a$$roac+es t+e bo)ndar"f &reater t+an a certan stated a'o)nt t
s to &o to t+e r&+tG f less1 to t+e left. T+s latter r)le of assort'ent1 carred
nto e#ec)ton b" t+e de'on1 dseE)alses te'$erat)re and )ndoes t+e
nat)ral dff)son of +eatt+e for'er )ndoes t+e nat)ral dff)son of 'atter.
B" a co'bnaton of t+e t8o $rocesses t+e de'on can deco'$ose 8ater or
carbonc acd1 frst rasn& a $orton of t+e co'$o)nd to dssocatonal
te'$erat)re (t+at s1 te'$erat)re so +&+ t+at t+e collsons s+atter t+e
co'$o)nd 'olec)les to ato's)1 and t+en sendn& t+e o#"&en ato's t+s
8a"1 and t+e +"dro&en or carbon t+at 8a"G or +e 'a" affect deco'$oston
a&anst c+e'cal affnt" ot+er8se t+)sJ Let +' ta3e n a s'all store of
ener&" b" resstn& t+e ')t)al a$$roac+ of t8o co'$o)nd 'olec)les1
lettn& t+e' $ress as t 8ere on +s t8o +ands1 and store )$ ener&" as n a
bent s$rn&G t+en let +' a$$l" t+e t8o +ands bet8een t+e o#"&en and t+e
do)ble +"dro&en constt)ents of a co'$o)nd 'olec)le of 2a$o)r of 8ater1
and tear t+e' as)nder. -e 'a" re$eat t+s $rocess )ntl a consderable
$ro$orton of t+e 8+ole n)'ber of co'$o)nd 'olec)les n a &2en E)antt"
of 2a$o)r of 8ater1 &2en n a f#ed closed 2essel1 are se$arated nto o#"&en
and +"dro&en at t+e e#$ense of ener&" ta3en fro' translatonal 'otons.
*
Let )s t+en consder 8t+ 8+at de&ree of s)ccess a 8ellCtraned de'on
+ii,KII- fro' Lord Rel2n5s laborator" co)ld +a2e acE)tted +'self at a
sUance of /r. /oses5 or of ,. ,. -o'e5s.
'e can cause one ha$ o$ a cosed "ar o$ air or o$ a bar o$ iron to
become go#ing hot, and the other ice,cod.
-ere at once +e scores a s)ccess 8+c+ 8ll 'a3e +' an al'ost )nE)e
'ed)'stc9 re$)taton. %'on& 'odern c2lsed 'ed)'s at an" rate
8+ate2er 'a" be t+e case n sa2a&e co)ntres-o'e s t+e onl" one 8+o
+as obtaned t+e $ire,test )nder &ood obser2aton. 6+en +e $)t +s o8n
+ead n t+e &lo8n& fre1 or +anded blaNn& coals to t+e co'$an" n a lad"5s
$oc3et +and3erc+ef1 as descrbed b" (r 6lla' Croo3es1 Lord Cra8ford1
and ot+ers1 all +e needed 8as t+e fa'lar de'on 8+o too3 care t+at
bet8een t+e &lo8 and t+e +and3erc+ef t+ere s+o)ld al8a"s be a la"er of
slo8l"C'o2n&1 cool1 fres+1 carbonC'olec)les1 8+le t+e frenNed s$nnn&
carbonC'olec)les at a red +eat 8ere 3e$t easl" and co'$letel" 8t+n t+er
'a&nar" 8all. -a2n& acco'$ls+ed t+s1 t 8o)ld be 'ere c+ld5s $la" for
o)r de'on to dseE)alse t+e te'$erat)re of ,r. ($eer5s st)d"1 and to
$rod)ce t+e alternate belts of cold and 8ar' ar of 8+c+ /r. /oses +as
told )s abo2e. T+e recorded fall of s# de&rees n t+e 'n')'
t+er'o'eter1 and t+e cold 8nds o2er +eads and +ands1 8o)ld be trfln&
e#a'$les of t+e sa'e $o8er.
'e can direct the energy o$ the moving moecues o$ a basin o$ #ater to
thro# the #ater up to a height and eave it there proportionatey cooed.
Grant +' lE)d scent1 t+en1 of 8+c+ 'ore $resentl"1 and +e can 'a3e
t fall n cool de8 fro' t+e celn& as easl" as not. Or +e 'a" +a2e been at
8or3 8+en t+e follo8n& ncdent1 testfed to b" Lord ,)nra2en1 occ)rred
8t+ -o'e. (80periences in Spirituaism, $. ==.) -e t+en a&an rased t+e
&lass Lof brand"M o2er +s +ead1 and t+e lE)d 8as 8t+dra8n. -e t+en told
'e to co'e and +old '" +and abo2e t+e &lassG I dd so1 and t+e lE)d fell
o2er and t+ro)&+ '" fn&ers nto t+e &lass1 dro$$n& fro' t+e ar abo2e
'e.9
'e can sort the moecues in a soution o$ sat, so as to reverse the
natura process o$ di$$usion, and produce concentration o$ the soution in
one portion o$ the #ater, eaving pure #ater in the remainder o$ the space
occupied.
-e co)ld1 t+en1 +a2e contn)ed t+e lttle e#$er'ent descrbed abo2e.
+ii,KIJ- L-o'eM t+en sad1 HI a' &on& to ta3e t+e stren&t+ fro' t+e
brand"1I and +e be&an 'a3n& $asses o2er t+e &lass and fl$$n& +s fn&ers1
sendn& a stron& s'ell of s$rt t+ro)&+ t+e roo'. In abo)t f2e 'n)tes +e
+ad 'ade t+e brand" as 8ea3 as 2er" 8ea3 brand" and 8aterG t scarcel"
tasted at all of s$rt. Bot+ Lndsa" Lno8 Lord Cra8fordM and I tasted t at
t+e 'o'ent1 and also so'e after t+e sUance 8as o2er.9
% lttle $ractce 8o)ld +a2e enabled o)r de'on to carr" t+s trc3 a ste$
f)rt+er1 as follo8sJ
-o'e t+en 'ade so'e 2er" c)ro)s e#$er'ents 8t+ flo8ersG +e
se$arated t+e scent nto t8o $ortons1 one odo)r s'elln& e#actl" l3e eart+1
t+e ot+er ben& 2er" s8eet.9 %nd so a fres+ le'on 8t+ ts acd re'o2ed1
t+e fla2o)r ben& a sort of 'a83s+ al3alG so'e descrbn& t as l3e
'a&nesa1 ot+ers as l3e 8as+n& soda.9
Vstn&1 8e 8ll s)$$ose1 /r. /oses5 sUances after t+ese e#$lots1 o)r
de'on 8o)ld 2er" easl" +a2e dra8n t+e scent fro' t+e flo8ers1 as
descrbed belo8.
The cassi$ication according to #hich the idea demon is to sort them
\the atoms_ may be according to the essentia character o$ the atom/ $or
instance, a atoms o$ hydrogen to be et go to the e$t, Ac.
T+s loo3s $ro'sn& for t+at 'an)fact)re of lE)d scents1 $earls1 and
'taton &e's 8+c+ 8ent on brs3l" at ,r. ($eer5s. Onl" o)r de'on 'a"
be $)NNled to &et at +s +"dro&en1 for nstance1 8+c+ +e 'a" not fnd l"n&
abo)t loose n a &entle'an5s st)d". 6ater and coal &as1 +o8e2er1 +e 8ll
$robabl" fnd t+ereG 8ll t+ese doW
The demon can decompose #ater or carbonic acid, $irst raising a
portion o$ the compound to dissociationa temperature, and then sending
the o0ygen atoms this #ay and the hydrogen or carbon that #ay.
-e +as reall" no81 I t+n31 &one t+ro)&+ all t+at s necessar"1 and 8e
need +ardl" tro)ble +' to 3ee$ +s lttle +ands )nco'fortabl" straned1 n
order to store )$ ener&"G )nless1 ndeed1 t+s be needed for a feat 8+c+ +e
cannot 8ell +a2e $ractsed n o)tl"n& s$aceG na'el"1 t+at tr)'$+ o2er t+e
force of cohesion 8+c+ s necessar" to &et a +andbell t+ro)&+ a $art" 8all1
or an oran&e t+ro)&+ t+e 3e"+ole.
In so'e s)c+ +alfCroncal fas+on1 as t see's to 'e1 can 8e best deal at
$resent 8t+ t+ese '"steres of t+e constt)ton of 'atter1 8+c+ are n
realt" as "et al'ost eE)all" be"ond t+e &ras$ of sa&e or of s'$leton. I
+a2e s+o8n t+at t+e t+n&s 8+c+ /r. /oses5 &)des are sad to do are
t+n&s of 8+c+ &reat 'nds +a2e lo2ed to fanc" t+e don&. I +a2e s+o8n
t+at snce n t+er 2e8 t+ere 8as not a s$rt to do t+e'1 t+e" +a2e fo)nd t
necessar" to n2ent one. 6+o' t+erefore t+e" &norantl" 8ors+$9t+e
ben& 8+o' t+e" conce2e as 'o2n& at ease and nat)rall" n a clearl" seen
'olec)lar 8orld+' do t+ese records declare to t+e' as t+e o$erat2e
a&enc" a'd 'ar2els 8+c+ once a&an conte'$t $ror to e#a'naton9 +as
led 'ost of o)r best 'nds to ne&lect and &nore.
I s+all not 2ent)re f)rt+er in propriF personF )$on t+s dan&ero)s +ii,
KIK- &ro)nd. B)t I 8ll E)ote +ere one of t+e ans8ers of /r. /oses5 &)des
8+en a$$ealed to on t+ese $onts1 t+at t+e reader 'a"1 at an" rate1 D)d&e
+o8 far 8+at t+e" sa" s n accordance 8t+ s$ec)latons of 8+c+ t s not
l3el" t+at et+er t+e" or t+er 'ed)' +ad e2er +eard. In farness to t+e'
and to +' I E)ote frst (fro' /r. /oses5 noteCboo3s1 see 9+3 A)1 one of
t+er e'$+atc declaratons t+at n +s case all $+"scal $+eno'ena 8ere
absol)tel" s)bsdar" to t+e s$rt)al de2elo$'ent 8+c+ 8as t+er central
a'J
Apri *Bth, *A=B.!o &ood end 8as to be &ot b" ln&ern& on t+e $lane
8+ere e2er"t+n& s 'ore or less 2a&)e and s+ftn&G and 8+ere 8+ate2er
tr)t+ 'a" be &aned s onl" an ele'entar" enl&+ten'ent of 'ateral
&norance. It s not for "o) to deal 8t+ t+e $lane of P+"scsG co'e )$8ard
to t+e real' of ($rt. 4or ot+ers t 'a" be 8ell to n2est&ate t+e lnes of
contact bet8een /atter and ($rt. It s not "o)r 8or3. Lea2e t. 4or ot+ers t
'a" be 8ell to de2elo$ t+e tentat2e atte'$ts of s$rt to $roDect tself on t+e
$lane of 'atter. Lea2e t. It s not "o)r 8or3. Yo)r or&ans' s )nftted for
t1 and "o) co)ld not atte'$t t 8t+o)t rs3.
I 8ll no8 E)ote a fe8 8ords on t+e re'o2al of scent fro' a flo8erJ
I 8ant to as3 +o8 '" flo8er ca'e to be so deadW
T+e odo)r 8as all dra8n fro' t. -ence t+e $erf)'es t+at "o) +ad
d)rn& t+e sUance. T+e 2tal $rnc$le of t+e flo8er 8as &one. -ence t 8as
deadG and t+e deca" 8as o8n& to t+at fact. T+e $rnc$le 8as abstracted1
e2en as t+e 2tal force s dra8n fro' "o).9
T+en 8as t+e stran on t 'ere deca"W
Yes1 t 8t+ered and ded beca)se ts s$rt 8as &oneG e2en as "o)r
eart+ bod" 8ll 8t+er and de 8+en t+e s$rt lea2es t. Yo) sa8 ')c+ of
t+s before1 8+en Odorfer scented flo8ers for "o)1 and dre8 t+e $erf)'e
fro' t+e'. It s not ne8.
]RECTOR.9
6e +a2e no8 consdered bot+ so'e a$$arentl" moar ds$lace'ents of
'atter1 and so'e t+at ')st needs +a2e n2ol2ed moecuar rearran&e'ent.
%nd t 8ll $robabl" be ad'tted t+at e2en t+e coarser $+eno'ena
'o2e'ents of tables and t+e l3e')st +a2e n2ol2ed so'e 'olec)lar
$rocess to &et t+e reE)ste $o8er fro' t+e 'ed)'5s or&ans' to o$erate at
t+e ne8 f)lcr)'. 6e +a2e1 t+erefore1 a '#t)re of $rocesses rese'bln& t+e
8a" n 8+c+ 8e o)rsel2es 8or3 8t+ $rocesses E)te stran&e to )s. It see's
as t+o)&+ t+ese '&+t often be nterc+an&ed at $leas)reG and t+ere are
$assa&es 8+c+ descrbe t8o ca'eosone of t+e' as +a2n& been act)all"
c)t and c+$$ed n t+e sUanceCroo' b" n2sble +ands1 and t+e ot+er as
+a2n& been s+a$ed drectl" b" 8llC$o8er19 8t+ no car2n& $rocess. %
third 8a" of effectn& t+e sa'e end s also 'entonedGt+at of suggesting
t+e 8or3 to a 'ortal artst.
One of t+e 'ost nterestn& of all 'odfcatons of 'atter $res)'abl"
contaned n t+e roo' conssts n drect 8rtn&19t+e ds$oston of
colo)red 'atter n a for' s')latn& t+e +and8rtn& of so'e dentfed +ii,
KIL- s$rt. T+s $+eno'enon occ)rred at an earl" date n t+e e#$erences of
/r. /oses.
In s)c+ cases t+e content as 8ell as t+e method of t+e 8rtn& s nat)rall"
'$ortant1 n so far as t 'a" t+ro8 l&+t )$on t+e denttes concerned.
T+ere are +ere t8o se$arate E)estons. 4rstl"J %re t+e s$rts 8+o t+)s 8rte
drectl" t+e sa'e as t+ose 8+o 8rte t+ro)&+ t+e 'ed)'5s +andW (econdl"J
%re t+e" t+e s$rts 8+o t+e" $rofess to beW T+e frst of t+ese E)estons
')st1 I t+n31 be ans8ered n t+e affr'at2e. T+e drect s&nat)res closel"
rese'ble t+e a)to'atc s&nat)res1 and t+e t8o for's of 8rtn& are
nt'atel" nter'#ed. (o'et'es1 for nstance1 letters 8ere for'ed )nder
t+e s+ado8 of /r. /oses5 +and1 8+le +e +'self 8rote as )s)alG or t+e
letters 8ere e2en for'ed )nder +s &aNe (8+en +e 8as alone) n t+e l&+t.
T+e a)t+ors of t+e a)to'atc scr$t al8a"s cla'ed a)t+ors+$ of t+e drect
scr$t also.
B)t1 on t+e ot+er +and1 I do not see t+at t+e drect 8rtn& adds to t+e
e2dence for dentt" s)$$led b" t+e a)to'atc 8rtn&1 e#ce$t n so far as t
s+o8s t+at t+e caim to dentt" $er2ades e2er" 'anfestaton. Ben&s 8+o
can 'a3e $earls and car2e ca'eos can $res)'abl" de$ost c+al3 and
arran&e $atterns t+ereof D)st as t+e" c+oose1 'tatn& an" s&nat)re 3no8n
to t+e' 8t+ none of t+at s$ecal dffc)lt" n t+e 'taton of c+aracterstcs
of +and8rtn& 8+c+ s felt on eart+. ,rect 8rtn&1 n s+ort1 see's to be
condtoned n ')c+ t+e sa'e 8a" as ot+er $+eno'ena b" t+e 'nd of t+e
'ed)'.
T+e colo)rn& 'atter )sed '&+t et+er be a$$arentl" der2ed fro' so'e
c+al3 $encl alread" n t+e roo'1 or '&+t +a2e no ob2o)s so)rce.
%nd t 'a" +ere be obser2ed t+at1 D)st as n t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+
loo3ed t+e 'ost cr)de and 'ass2e 8e see'ed to dscern on closer scr)tn"
an ele'ent of 'olec)lar &)dance1 so also e2en n $+eno'ena on a
$+"scall" s'all scale1 l3e t+ese drectl"C8rtten s&nat)res1 8e +a2e
constantl" to face t+e E)eston-as 'atter been rearran&ed n t+e roo'
tselfWe.g. dsa&&re&ated and rea&&re&ated nto 8+at see's l3e &reen
c+al3 8+en t+ere 8as no &reen c+al3 n t+e roo' beforeW Or +as t1 on t+e
ot+er +and1 been bro)&+t fro' outside t+e roo' b" $assa&e of 'atter
t+ro)&+ 'atter19 as t+e $+rase &oesW In realt" I t+n3 t+at 8e +a2e not
3no8led&e eno)&+ to 'a3e a broad dstncton bet8een see'n&l" dfferent
o$eratons of t+s transcendental 3nd. ,. ,. -o'e5s &)des dened t+e
$ossblt" of t+e $assa&e of 'atter t+ro)&+ 'atterG b)t (r 6lla' Croo3es
+as narrated +o8 n -o'e5s $resence a t+c3 stal3 $assed )nnD)red t+ro)&+
a c+n3 n t+e table1 t+ro)&+ 8+c+ no +)'an $o8er co)ld t+)s +a2e $)s+ed
t. %&an1 8+en1 as E)oted a fe8 $a&es abo2e1 -o'e5s &)des 8t+dre8 t+e
brand" fro' t+e brand"CandC8ater1 8as not t+at a $assa&e of t+e 'ateral
alco+ol t+ro)&+ t+e 'ateral 8aterW To s)$$ose t+at t+e s$ecal for' of
co+eson 8+c+ 8e call soldt" s alone ns)$erable b" s)c+ $o8ers as t+ese
does not see' to 'e a s$ecall" $la)sble 2e8. E2en n o)r o8n 8orld 8e
co)ld +ii,KIM- +ardl" +a2e &)essed1 a priori, t+at a b)llet 8o)ld sn31 or a
floatn& cor3 rse t+ro)&+ a$$arentl" sold cold $tc+ b" t+e slo8 force of
&ra2t" forcn& as)nder t+e tenaco)s 'ass1 or t+at a co$$er 8re co)ld be
$assed nsensbl" t+ro)&+ a bloc3 of ce b" 'eltn& and re&elaton. Or let
'e1 on t+e ot+er +and1 s)$$ose a 'an 8+o +ad ne2er seen an"t+n& b)t
e#$losons of d"na'te. To +' t 8o)ld see' eas" to s+atter roc3s 8t+
&ases1 b)t al'ost '$ossble to lft or $erce t+e 2ast s)$ernc)'bent 8e&+t
of ar. 6e s+o)ld +a2e to e#$lan to +' t+at t 8as reall" easer to s+oot
t+ro)&+ ar t+an t+ro)&+ roc31 f "o) onl" $ro$elled "o)r rfle b)llet slo8l"
eno)&+ to allo8 t+e ar to &et o)t of t+e 8a". Or to &et 'atter t+ro)&+
'atter 'a" be l3e t+e $)NNles 8+c+ consst n &ettn& ln3ed rn&s t+ro)&+
ln3ed rn&sG t+ere s $lent" of s$ace f "o) can onl" crc)'2ent t+e
attac+'ents. I do not t+n3 t+en t+at 8e need et+er $ost)late a fo)rt+
d'enson to e#$lan /r. /oses5 apports, or e2en ado$t t+e 'ore
ant+ro$o'or$+c conce$ton t+at t+e" 8ere ta3en )$ one c+'ne" and do8n
anot+er. %t t+e sa'e t'e1 t+ere are fe8 of t+e ncdents recorded 8+c+ t+s
last s)$$oston '&+t not be $ressed to co2er.
5c6 Contro over 8theria 2ani$estationsV #ith &ossibe 8$$ects in the
*omains o$ .ight, 8ectricity, :ravitation, and Cohesion.O)r ne#t to$c1
co)ld 8e deal 8t+ t 8t+ f)ller 3no8led&e1 ')st needs be one of farC
reac+n& s&nfcance. T+e nfl)ence of s$rt)al control )$on etheria
$+eno'ena1 f once )nderstood1 '&+t brn& )s nearer t+an an" ot+er lne of
nE)r" to a co'$re+enson of t+e 'ode of nter$enetraton of t+e
'etet+eral 8orld 8t+ o)r o8n. :nfort)natel"1 8+le o)r obser2ed facts are
rare and dffc)lt1 t+e e#$lanatons $rofessn& to co'e fro' t+e ot+er sde
are far fro' clear. It s so'et'es sad1 for e#a'$le1 t+at raps t+e
$erc)ss2e so)nds 8+c+ occ)r so freE)entl" n all seres of t+ese
$s"c+o$+"scal $+eno'enaare of eectrica or&n. B)t no atte'$t s
'ade to 8or3 t+s o)t1 and n t+e'sel2es t+e ra$s s)&&est rat+er a
s)s$enson and reCestabls+'ent of t+e force of cohesion t+an an" for' of
electrc dsc+ar&e. %&an1 t+e alteraton of t+e 8e&+ts of obDects1 freE)entl"
recorded bot+ 8t+ ,. ,. -o'e and 8t+ /r. /oses1 'a" conce2abl" be
t+e 'anfestaton of so'e control o2er gravitation, ot+er8se t+an b" t+e
o$$oston of anot+er force1 s)c+ as l2n& 'en can a$$l"G b)t no
nfor'aton1 so far as I 3no81 +as been offered on t+s $ont.
T+e onl" et+eral $+eno'enon of 8+c+1 as s$rt)all" controlled1 8e
+a2e clear and freE)ent nstances s ight. %nd t+s ndeed s offered to )s n
'an" for's1 and needs o)r caref)l st)d". 6e ')st needs be&n b" an
en)'eraton of t+e 3no8n so)rces of terrestral l&+t1 to so'e of t+e less
fa'lar1 a'on& 8+c+ 8e s+all1 f I 'sta3e not1 trace a certan affnt" n
so'e of t+e l)'no)s $+eno'ena recorded.
L&+t1 as 8e 3no81 s a ter' so'e8+at 2a&)el" &2en to t8o $+eno'ena
+ii,KIN- +abt)all" conc)rrent1 b)t essentall" dstnctG na'el"1 to a certan
t"$e of et+eral )nd)laton1 and to a certan sensaton e#$erenced b" s)c+
an'ated ben&s as $ossess 2s)al or&ans1 and e2o3ed as a r)le b" t+e
aforesad t"$e of )nd)laton.
Let )s ta3e frst obDect2e l&+t1 as t s called1 or t+e l&+tC8a2es
t+e'sel2es1 and consder t+e 2aro)s so)rces fro' 8+c+ t+e" are der2ed.
T+e" 'a" be &enerated b" s$ecal for's of et+eral dst)rbance1 or t+e"
'a" be or&nated b" 'olec)lar or b" 2tal act2t". 6t+o)t a'n& at a
$recson of $+raseolo&" not +ere essental1 let )s ta3e l&+t n relaton to t+e
8orlds of 'atter1 et+er1 and lfe1 n t+e order n 8+c+ 8e +a2e to)c+ed
)$on t+ose 8orlds n $re2o)s dsc)ssons.
(L. *.) LIG-T %CCO/P%!YI!G I!%!I/%TE /OLEC:L%R /OTIO!.
(.)(ncandescence. 6+en 'atter s rased to a certan te'$erat)re1 as
b" arrest of 'oton1 c+e'cal acton1 co'b)ston follo8n& 'n)te s)bC
d2son1 &c.1 l&+tC8a2es are &enerated1 a'on& 8a2es of 'an" ot+er
a'$lt)des.
(.)&hosphorescence. P+os$+or)s and so'e of ts co'$o)nds d)rn&
t+e $rocess of slo8 o#daton e't l&+tC8a2es et+er solel"1 or at least n far
&reater $ro$orton to +eatC8a2es t+an s t+e case n ordnar" o#daton1
8+c+ s &enerall" nonCl)'no)s )ntl t &2es rse to ncandescence. To t+s
+ead belon&s t+e $+os$+orescence of deca"n& 'atter1 8+en not d)e to
l)'no)s 'crobes.
(.).uminescence and 9uorescence. /an" bodes after nsolaton1 or
after e#$os)re to d' l&+t1 or so'et'es e2en to )ltraC2olet ra"s1 ($er+a$s
a bodes f t+er te'$erat)re s s)ffcentl" red)ced)1 +a2e t+e $o8er of reC
radatn& a $art of t+e ncdent ener&" n t+e for' of l&+t. (o'e soCcalled
$+os$+orescences d)e to +eat (s+ort of ncandescence)1 to clea2a&e1 to
cr"stallsaton1 &c.1 $robabl" fall )nder t+s cate&or"1 for 8+c+ one 'a"
$ro$ose t+e na'e of uminescence, snce t+ere s a $ractcal ncon2enence
n e#tendn& t+e ter' $+os$+orescence to $+eno'ena n 8+c+ $+os$+or)s
s not concerned.
(L. ..)LIG-T %CCO/P%!YI!G (PECI%L 4OR/( O4 ET-ERI%L
,I(T:RB%!CE.
I ntrod)ce t+s +eadn& rat+er for t+e sa3e of co'$leteness1 t+an as
2ent)rn& to affr' t+at l&+t co)ld acco'$an" electrc or 'a&netc
oscllatons n a +"$ot+etcal absence of 'atter. If a 'a&netc feld +as
reall" been seen as l)'no)s1 t s $er+a$s +ere t+at s)c+ a $+eno'enon
s+o)ld be $laced.
(L. ;.)LIG-T %CCO/P%!YI!G VIT%L %CTIO!.
(.)Cita Secretory &hosphorescence. :nder secretor"
$+os$+orescence I ncl)de all cases 8+ere an'al l)'nost" a$$ears d)e to
t+e +ii,KIO- secreton b" t+e an'al of a s)bstance ca$able of e'ttn& l&+t1
$res)'abl" (t+o)&+ not certanl") d)e to slo8 o#daton. T+e &lo8C8or'
5.ampyris noctiuca6 and t+e frefl" 58ater noctiucus6 are t+e stoc3
e#a'$les of t+s. It s an nterestn& b)t )ncertan E)eston +o8 far t+e l&+t
of t+ese and ot+er l)'no)s an'als s )nder t+er o8n control. Professor
-erd'an1 4.R.(.1 3ndl" 8rtn& to 'e on t+e s)bDect of an'al l)'nost"1
sa"sJIn 'an" cases t+ere s $robabl" a connecton 8t+ t+e ner2o)s
s"ste' (e.g., !"ct$+anes and ot+er (c+No$oda)1 and t+e l)'nost" s t+e
res)lt of a refle#1 f not of a 2ol)ntar" actonG and so $ossbl" '&+t be
re&arded as a drect trans')taton of ner2e ener&" nto an et+ereal
dst)rbance 2sble as l&+t.9
In 'an" s$eces1 +o8e2er1 t+e l)'no)s s)bstance retans l)'nost"
after t+e deat+ of t+e an'al.
(.)80cretory &hosphorescence. :nder t+s ter' I ncl)de t+e 2aro)s
for's of el'naton of $+os$+orescent 'atter1 as a 8aste $rod)ct fro' t+e
s"ste'. T+s last $+eno'enon1 as 8ll be seen1 s of ')c+ '$ortance for
o)r $resent $)r$ose. It s at $resent t+e onl" )nE)estoned for' of e'sson
of l&+t fro' t+e +)'an s)bDect. It s 8ell 3no8n t+at n $+t+ss1 cancer1
and ot+er dseases 8+ere ')c+ $+os$+or)s +as been ad'nstered b" t+e
'o)t+1 t+e breat+1 t+e $ers$raton1 and ot+er e#cretons and secretons1 are
freE)entl" obser2ed to be sl&+tl" l)'no)s. T+e $ers$raton n s)bDects of
miiaria s also sad to be so'et'es l)'no)s1 alt+o)&+ t+e $+os$+or)s
t+)s e#creted ')st co'e fro' t+e ordnar" stoc3 contaned n t+e bod".
*
(.)Cita .uminescence. (o'e e#$er'ents cted b" ,r. T. L.
P+$son1 8+ose lttle 8or3 on &hosphorescence (*A=>) s stll t+e best
collecton 3no8n to 'e of t+e rarer $+eno'ena1 s)&&est to +' t+at t+e l&+t
e'tted b" a ')s+roo' 5Agaricus oearius6, and $er+a$s t+at e'tted b" a
cent$ede 5Scoopendra 8ectrica6, and a frefl" 5.ampyris itaica6, 'a" be
a uminescent $+eno'enon1 and de$end at least $artall" on $re2o)s
absor$ton of l&+t. T+ere see's no a priori reason a&anst t+s 2e81 8+c+1
f $ro2ed tr)e for t+ese or&ans's1 8o)ld $robabl" a$$l" to ot+ers as 8ell.
(.)Cita 9uguration. Certan $+anero&a'o)s $lants +a2e
occasonall" been seen to e't $ost2e flas+es of l&+t. T+e da)&+ter of
LnnF)s +ad t+e &ood fort)ne to 'a3e t+e frst and classcal obser2aton on
t+e &arden nast)rt)' n *=B.1 and t+e $+eno'enon +as snce been
8tnessed n s)nflo8ers1 'ar&olds1 and oran&e lles b" ot+er obser2ers.
T+s l&+t a$$ears to be tr)l" electrc1 and not to be 'erel" t+e res)lt of a
c)rrent $assn& t+ro)&+ t+e or&ans' (as 8+en a 'an l&+ts t+e &as 8t+ +s
fn&ers)1 b)t to '$l" a &eneraton of electrct" 8t+n t+e or&ans' tself.
T+e dff)sed electrc l)'nost"1 8+c+ +as so'et'es been seen (as b"
,r. Rane1 t+e e#$lorer1 cted b" P+$son1 $. *B*) to ll)'nate t+e +)'an
s3n1 'a" be n so'e sense a 2tal $+eno'enon1 or 'a" be d)e +ii,KJP- to
frctonG b)t n an" case belon&s rat+er to t+e s)rface of t+e s3n tself t+an
to t+e 2tal $rocesses &on& on )nderneat+.
(.)Cita &hotogeny. B" t+s na'e I des&nate t+e drect $rod)cton of
l&+t b" l2n& or&ans's1 as a res)lt or b"eC$rod)ct of t+er o8n
'etabols'. ()c+1 I cannot b)t t+n31 s t+e e#$lanaton of t+e 8des$read
l)'nost" of lo8 'arne for's1 es$ecall" 8+en trans$arentJa so)rce of
l&+t1 n co'$arson 8t+ 8+c+ t+e &reas" or&ans of &lo8C8or' and frefl"
sn3 nto ns&nfcance. Noctiuca miiaris, to ta3e one s$eces alone1
offers19 n t+e loft" lan&)a&e of -)'boldt1 t+e 'a&nfcent s$ectacle of a
starr" fr'a'ent reflected n t+e sea.9 On t+ese $r't2e for's Professor
-erd'an 8rtesJ It s n t+ese cases of s'$le1 )ndfferentated $roto$las'
t+at I fanc" t+e l)'nost" '&+t be an e#a&&eraton of so'e necessar"
acco'$an'ent of 'etabols'1 or $ractcall" of lfe1 i.e. of t+e f)nctons of
t+e l2n& $roto$las'. It 8o)ld t+en be a 3atabolc acton or 'olec)lar
dst)rbance 8+c+ '&+t be s)$$osed to affect t+e s)rro)ndn& et+er so as to
$rod)ce l&+t. 6e '&+t 'a&ne t+at t+s 3atabolc acton &oes on al8a"s
n l2n& $roto$las'1 b)t so sl&+tl" as not to $rod)ce 2sble l&+t1 8+le n
so'e cases (cells1 tss)es1 or or&ans's) t +as beco'e e'$+assed1 and t+en
HseNed )$onI b" nat)ral selecton as ser2n& so'e )sef)l $)r$ose (8+c+
'a" be a 2er" dfferent $)r$ose n dfferent cases)1 and so $erfected.9
T+s19 adds Professor -erd'an1 s s$ec)laton19 and t s onl" as s)c+ t+at
I 2ent)re to $rnt t +ere. %s 8ll be $resentl" seen1 t s $recsel" t+e
concl)son to 8+c+ obser2atons of a 2er" dfferent 3nd +ad alread"
$onted 'e.
% fe8 8ords onl" need be added +ere as to s)bDect2e or $+antas'al
l)'nost". T+e ''edate ln3 bet8een obDect2e and s)bDect2e l&+t 'a"
be sad to be t+e ntraCcerebral flas+1 seen 8+en t+e o$tc ner2e s $ressed or
c)t1 or t+e bran conc)ssed.
T+en co'e t+e 8+ole seres of ll)'nated $+antas'sG et+er s'$l"
$+antas'al l&+ts1 dff)sed or defnte1 or f&)res seen n dar3ness1 or
ot+er8se 'ore +&+l" ll)'nated t+an t+e obDects aro)nd t+e'. %ll t+ese
sensatons of l&+t1 l3e ot+er $+antas's1 are primF $acie s)bDect2eG b)t as
8t+ ot+er $+antas's1 8e +a2e t+e dffc)lt" of collect2e +all)cnatons1
and t+e &rad)al 'er&n& of t+ese $+antas's nto t+e $+"scal $+eno'ena
8t+ 8+c+ I a' +ere dealn&.
T)rnn& bac3 to t+e l)'no)s $+eno'ena recorded n /r. /oses5
sUances1 +a2e 8e no8 an" cl)e as to t+e 'ec+ans' of t+er $rod)cton1 or
as to t+e +eadn&s n o)r sc+e'e of l)'nostes )nder 8+c+ t+e" 'ost ftl"
fallW I 8ll at once sa"1 t+at at least t8o of t+e less fa'lar of t+ese +eadn&s
do a$$ear to 'e to be a$$lcable to l&+ts $rod)ced )nder s$rt control. I
'ean E#cretor" P+os$+orescence and Vtal P+oto&en".
80cretory &hosphorescence under Spirit Contro.I +a2e alread"
noted1 )nder s)bl'nal $+eno'ena (II. ;. c.)1 t+e l)'no)s a$$earance of
/r. /oses5 +ands1 8+c+ +e records as $ersstn& after a sUance. 6e +ii,
KJG- +a2e also seen reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e e'anaton of scent fro' /r.
/oses5 +ead 8as a for' of +"$erdross $)r$osel" 'odfed b" s$rt
control. /a" not t+e a$$earance of +s hands also +a2e been d)e to t+e
$+os$+orescent $ers$raton of 8+c+ 8e +a2e D)st +eard as a s"'$to' after
')c+ $+os$+or)s +as been ta3en nto t+e s"ste'W T+e &)des9 t+e'sel2es
alle&ed t+at 'an" of t+e l&+ts de$ended )$on $+os$+or)s e#tracted fro'
t+e 'ed)'5s or&ans'. /a" not t+e &lo8 on t+e +ands re$resent an afterC
effect of t+s e#tractonW T+e s8eat &lands are1 as 8e 3no81 readl"
res$ons2e n co''on lfe to $s"c+cal st')l1 and ,r. /lne Bra'8ell +as
fo)nd t+at +"$erdroses 8+c+ +a2e obstnatel" ressted 'edcaton 8ll
so'et'es "eld at once to +"$notc s)&&eston. 6e +a2e often obser2ed
t+at s)$ernor'al a&ences are 8ont to follo8 as closel" as $ossble
$rocesses fa'lar to t+e or&ansaton1 8+et+er n +ealt+ or n dsease.
!or 8as t+s &lo8 confned to t+e +ands alone. % 3nd of l)'no)s
clo)d1 8+c+ '&+t be d)e et+er to breat+ or to so'e s)btle c)taneo)s
trans$raton1 8as often obser2ed ro)nd /r. /oses5 +ead and s+o)lders at
sUances. %nd on one 'ar3ed occason t+e $+os$+orc s'o3e 8as dense
eno)&+ sero)sl" to alar' /r. /oses +'self and ,r. ($eer.
T+e l)'nostes 8+c+ 8e +a2e t+)s far been dsc)ssn& +a2e been of
t+e a$$arent nat)re of clo)d" emanations fro' t+e 'ed)' or s'lar
collectons of clo)d" l&+t n +s near 2cnt". Or f t+e" +a2e s+o8n a
tendenc" to concentration, t +as been n t+e for' of s$rtCl&+ts19 or
a$$arentl" sold rece$tacles of E)asC$+os$+orc br&+tnessbr&+tness1
+o8e2er1 so stead" and $er'anent as1 b" (r 6lla' Croo3es5 o8n
acco)nt1 to +a2e baffled +s s3ll n 'taton.
*
T+er &eneral a$$earance +as
been not nconsstent 8t+ t+e $roffered e#$lanatont+at t+e" are 'ade
fro' $+os$+or)s e#tracted fro' t+e 'ed)'1 and $er+a$s fro' ot+er
'e'bers of t+e crcle1 and 'n&led or $re$ared n so'e 'anner be"ond o)r
eart+l" s3ll.
Cita &hotogeny under Spiritua ControB)t 8e +a2e ne#t to deal 8t+
a class of l&+ts 8+ose nat)re and be+a2o)r see' 'ar3edl" dfferent. T+ese
are l&+ts 8+c+ are not 8del" dff)sed b)t s'all and 'ore or less defnte1
and 8+c+ concentrate not nto sold nert 'asses1 b)t nto hands. Of t+s
ecto$lastc for'aton of +ands 8e ')st s$ea3 n t+e ne#t secton. 4or t+e
'o'ent I 8ll onl" $ont o)t t+at t+ese l&+ts see' to be a drectl" vita
$+eno'enon.
It s1 $er+a$s1 t+s ')dd" 2est)re of deca"9 8+c+ +des fro' )s n
co''on lfe t+e &lo8 8+c+ s an nse$arable attrb)te of t+at lfe tselfG and
t+e radance 8+c+ at t+e o)tset of e2ol)ton t+e oceanCor&ans's attan n
t+er $r't2e s'$lct" s ac+e2ed once 'ore 8+en nter'edate sta&es
+a2e been $assed t+ro)&+1 and lfe and 'atter are 'an$)lated 8t+ t+e
freedo' and 'aster" of t+e s$rtC8orld.
I tr)st t+at as o)r 3no8led&e ncreases t+ere 'a" $ro2e to be so'e +ii,
KJH- )sef)lness1 so'e realt"1 n t+e analo&es bet8een nor'al and
s)$ernor'al 'odes of l&+tC$rod)cton on 8+c+ I +a2e +ere d8eltb)t I
a' far fro' s)$$osn& t+at t+ese analo&es co2er t+e 8+ole &ro)nd. On t+e
contrar"1 8e see t+ro)&+o)t t+ese l)'no)s $+eno'ena a constant tendenc"
to8ards a transton fro' obDect2e to s)bDect2e l&+tfro' t+e l)'nost"
of e#creted $+os$+or)s1 or of 2tal 'etabols'1 to l&+t 8+c+ ne2er 8as
on sea or land19 and 8+ose dscern'ent see's no lon&er to de$end on
eart+l" 2son1 nor ts so)rce to be a3n to an" eart+l" &lo8. 6e are
ntrod)ced1 as dsc)sson )nder a f)t)re +eadn& 8ll s+o81 to a 'etet+eral1
8+c+ s also a uminous state of ben&to s$rts 8+o are nde$endent of
o)r eart+l" so)rces of br&+tness1 soemque suum, sua sidera norunt. If 8e
endea2o)r to class t+er f)l&ent as$ect a'on& t+e +eadn&s 8+c+ o)r
sc+e'e +as offered1 8e s+o)ld +a2e to s$ea31 I s)$$ose1 of metetheria
uminescence, and to ass)'e t+at t+e" reradate t+e ncdent ener&" of so'e
s)$ernal 8orld.
-ere t s $lan t+at all atte'$t at terrestral analo&" ')st ceaseG and n
$assn& fro' t+e dsc)sson of s$rtCcontrol o2er 'atter and et+er to s$rtC
control o2er lfe tself1 t see's fttn& to re'nd t+e reader n clearest ter's
t+at no analo&es can +ere be 'ore t+an s)&&est2eG t+at no e#altaton or
s)bl'aton of forces alread" fa'lar 8ll reall" e#$lan t+e modus
operandi of t+ese nt'ate dealn&s 8t+ seen and )nseen t+n&s. E2en
t+o)&+ 3no8n la8s be at 8or3 t+e" ')st be 8or3n& n s)bDecton to la8s
)n3no8n. 4or t+e 2er" ass)'$ton of a 'etet+eral 8orld1 as nat)ral and as
)nfor' as o)r o8n1 '$les t+at o)r 8dest 'ateral &eneralsatons can be
no 'ore t+an for')lae for s$ecal casesded)cble fro' la8s stll 'ore
f)nda'ental1 8+c+ ')st +old &ood 8+et+er 'atter and et+er e#st or no.
O)r 8orld of 'atter s b)t a flocc)lence +eld n crtcal s)s$enson1 8+c+ a
to)c+ 'a" dssol2e or a to)c+ $rec$tate. 6e cannot dstn&)s+ a'on&
'etet+eral ener&esG 8e can b)t sa" t+at $s"c+c force19f t+at be t+e
least E)estonCbe&&n& ttle t+at 8e can fnd for t+ose ener&es as t+e" affect
'an3nd1can for' no tr)e $art of an" 'ec+ancal s"nt+ess of t+e
)n2erse 8+c+ o)r scence 3no8s1 and t+)s f 8e are as3ed f $s"c+c force
'$les an" dst)rbance of o)r la8 of t+e conser2aton of ener&"1 8e ')st
re$l" t+at 8e +a2e no reason to s)$$ose t+at t does soG b)t t+at e2en t+s
E)eston can scarcel" be so e#$ressed as to be ca$able of defnte ans8er. If
lfe be re&arded1 as for e#a'$le1 b" Prof. Lod&e
*
as 'erel" a drect2e and
&)dn& force e#ercsed )$on 'atter19 and not affectn& t+e a'o)nt of
ener&" n t+e sl&+test de&ree9 t+en a l3e $redcaton 'a" be 'ade as to t+e
'anfestatons of $s"c+c force1all of t+e' )lt'atel" vita n c+aracter1
8+c+ 8e +ere enco)nter. B)t at t+e sa'e t'e t s conce2able t+at ener&"
'&+t be so defned as to s+o8 t+at t+e $rod)cton of t+ese $+eno'ena
reE)res t+e e#$endt)re1 n a 'etet+eral 8orld1 of so'e for' of ener&"
a3n to t+e soCcalled 8llC$o8er9 8+c+ 8e at least a$$ear to o)rsel2es to
e#ercse +ere on eart+1 +ii,KJI- alt+o)&+ ts tr)e nat)re1 or e2en ts act)al
e#stence1 s 'atter of contro2ers".
It s to 8llC$o8er9 t+at t+e co'')ncatn& s$rts t+e'sel2es ascrbe
t+er ac+e2e'entsG to so'e 'ode of o$eraton E)te )ne#$laned1b)t
e2en 'ore drect1 'ore f)nda'ental t+an t+ose 'a&ned 'olec)lar $o8ers
8+c+ I cted to s+o8 +o8 'en 8+o bele2ed t+at no de'on9 e#sted
fo)nd t necessar" to n2ent one.
(<) %CTIO! O! T-E I!C%R!%TIO! O4 LI4E O! T-E PL%!ET.
5a6 &re,conceptua Suggestion or Se$,Suggestion.%nd f t+s +as been
alread" $erce2ed n tracn& s$rtCnfl)ence on t+e 'ateral and et+eral
8orlds1 ')c+ 'ore 8ll t be 'anfest 8+en 8e co'e to o)r ne#t +eadn&1
t+e nfl)ence1 na'el"1 of s$rts )$on t+e ncarnaton of i$e/ )$on ts
der2aton fro' ts )n3no8n reser2or and ts dstrb)ton nto or&anc
'atter )$on t+s $lanet. 6+at +a2e 8e noted t+)s far as to +)'an nfl)ence
on t+e ncarnaton of lfe1et+er )nder s)$ral'nal or s)bl'nal
&)danceW
:nder s)$ral'nal control 8e fnd lfe ncarnated for t+e 'ost $art 8t+
no consco)s foret+o)&+t1 and 8+en ncarnated follo8n& certan la8s of
+eredt" a$$arentl" deter'ned b" terrene condtons n t+e re'ote $ast.
%nd 8+en 8e do set o)rsel2es to nfl)ence t+e $rocesses of ncarnaton o)r
res)lts a$$ear sl&+t and e#ternal. 6e can $er$et)ate so'e s$ontaneo)s
2aratonG 8e can select $arentsG 8e can s)rro)nd 8t+ +el$f)l condtons
t+e ne8Cborn offs$rn&. B)t n o)r atte'$ts at e)&encs9 n t+e +&+er races
n t+e +)'an race18e tn3er fro' 8t+o)t1 8e cannot 'o)ld fro'
8t+n.
%nd "et1 f 8e stoo$ lo8 eno)&+1 8e can 'o)ld lfe 'ore $rofo)ndl"
t+an 8e +a2e "et realsed. Let )s &o do8n to t+e 2er" d)st or s$ra" of
an'ated ben&1 to t+at '"rad lfe 8+c+ e2en on t+s $lanet s n a tr)e
sense nter$enetrant 8t+ o)r o8n1 and 8e fnd t+e ')ltt)de of s$eces as
fle#ble beneat+ o)r ra$d +ands as o)r o8n ancestors +a2e been beneat+ t+e
slo8 c+oce of !at)re and fro' t+e da8n of $lanetar" t'e. Let )s &et
beneat+ t+e lne of defnte brt+1 a'on& t+e $rotean for's of $roto$las'c
reD)2enescence19 and 8e can alter al'ost e2er" a$$arent c+aracter of t+e
'croCor&ans'1n8ard to t+e 2er" 'ode of re$rod)cton tself. T+e
s'aller t+e $arcels n 8+c+ lfe descends nto &eneraton1 t+e 'ore
'odfable s t n t+e terrene laborator"G t+e cell s 8atn& for ts c)e1 and a
da" of o)r treat'ent s for t as a t+o)sand "ears.
:nder s)bl'nal control1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t s 8t+ t+e +&+est
creat)re t+at 8e ')st be&n. If 8e 8s+ not to 'an$)late fro' 8t+o)t1 b)t
to s)&&est fro' 8t+n1 8e ')st a$$roac+ t+e stron&l" centralsed or&ans'
t+ro)&+ t+e r)ln& $art9 qts le&t'ate and s)bl'nal
3n&.
%nd n 8+c+ drecton t+en do 8e fnd t+at t+e dse'boded s$rt
cla's to e#tend +s control o2er ncarnate ben&W -e so'et'es cla's +ii,
KJJ- n t+e frst $lace1and t s a cla' 8+c+ 8e can net+er confr' nor
ref)te1t+at +e can $)s+ bac3 pre,nata nto pre,conceptua s)&&eston1
and can so nfl)ence 'en and 8o'en alread" on eart+1 t+at t+e" 8ll &2e
o$$ort)nt" for t+e ncarnaton of so'e 8atn& s$rt1 8+o t+ro)&+ s)c+
s$ecal access onl" can enter on t+e 'ateral 8orld. %nd +e cla's too1 8t+
Plato1 nter$reter to 'en of t+e s$rt)al 8orld1t+at1 as b" a preconceptua
se$,suggestion, t+e descendn& s$rt 'a" c+oose and deter'ne ts eart+l"
lot1 so'e8+at as n t+e +"$notc trance a 'an 'a" c+oose and s)&&est to
+'self t+e sensatons and actons of s)bseE)ent 8a3n& +o)rs. T+s 'a"
not 'ean 'ore t+an t+at1 n so'e fe8 rare cases1 a $reCe#stn& s$rt 'a"
+a2e left t+e s$rt)al 8orld to beco'e a 'ssonar"9 to o)r $lanet.
5b6 8ctopasy or 2ateriaisation/ Temporary 80tradition or
Concentration o$ Cita 8nergy.B)t1 lea2n& s)c+ s$ec)latons to der2e
else8+ere fro' cases of precognition 8+at s)$$ort t+e" 'a"1 8e ')st $ass
on to a s$rt)al nfl)ence on ncarnaton to 8+c+ so'e records +a2e
act)all" testfed1 an nfl)ence 8+c+ n a sense co'bnes t+e s)$ral'nal
and s)bl'nal t"$es. 4or t '$les a co''and of t+e central a)t+ort" so
co'$lete as to ad't 8t+ safet" of e#tre'e1 t+o)&+ transtor"1
decentralsatonsGof a 'an$)laton of co'$onent $arts of co'$le#
or&ans's freer t+an an" 8t+ 8+c+ 8e o)rsel2es +a2e nfl)enced t+e
attractons1 t+e d2son1 t+e reD)2enescence1 of a s'$le and nde$endent
cell.
B)t frst let )s consder t+e dfferent 8a"s n 8+c+ t+e 'ateral
or&ans's of o)r $lanet 'a" be re&arded accordn& as t+e" are seen fro' a
'ateral or fro' a 'etet+eral stand$ont.
To o)r ordnar" 2e8 eac+ of t+e +&+er or&ans's a$$ears a defntel"
co+erent 'ass of 'atter1 fro' 8+c+ no '$ortant $art can be se$arated or
8t+dra8n 8t+o)t nD)r". T+ere s not+n& to $ro2e to )s t+at t+e lfe 8+c+
an'ates eac+ or&ans' can e#st se$aratel" fro' t+e or&ans'. One
or&ans' can co'')ncate 8t+ anot+er onl" t+ro)&+ certan defnte
c+annelsG and eac+ or&ans' ')st r)n ts se$arate co)rse fro' brt+ to
deca".
6+en1 +o8e2er1 so'e &l'$se of t+e s)bl'nal 8or3n& of t+ese
or&ans's +as been attaned1 o)r relat2e conce$ton of or&ans' and
nfor'n& s$rt ra$dl" c+an&es. 6e +a2e no8 to reco&nse an nfor'n&
lfe 8+c+1 e2en f not "et $ro2ed ca$able of $er'anent e#stence a$art fro'
t+e bod"1 does ne2ert+eless act 8t+n t+e bod" as t+o)&+ 8t+ a se$arate
ntat2e1 controlln& and 'odf"n& t+e or&ans' n ot+er t+an $)rel"
$+"solo&cal 8a"s. 6e fnd1 'oreo2er1 t+at eac+ nd2d)al or&ans' s not
so co'$letel" a cosed system as at frst a$$eared. tele$at+c nfl)ences $ass
fro' one to anot+erG and so'et'es t+e s$rt see's n so'e sense to lea2e
t+e bod"1 on so'e clar2o"ant e#c)rson1 or 8+en deat+ s ''nent1 and to
ret)rn to t a&an as t+o)&+ to a tabernacle fro' 8+c+ t s tself detac+able
and dstnct.
+ii,KJK-
%nd no8 'a&ne t+e dse'boded s$rt as +e re&ards t+s sold $lanet
and t+e or&ans's 8+c+ n+abt t. To +' t+e 'etet+eral 8orld s clear
and realG t+e 'ateral 8orld s )nstable1 s+ado8"1 c+aotc. ,efnte and
$er'anent +e sees t+e s$rts t+at are lod&ed t+erenG arrestn& eac+ so'e
transtor" &ro)$ o)t of t+e +)rrcane of 'olec)les b" a co&enc" t+at s all ts
o8n. T+e or&ans' for +' s t+e 'ere clo)d of 'atter t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t+e
s$rt 8or3sG ts a$$arent $er$+er" s no real bo)ndar"C8all. -e sees one
ncarnate s$rt teler&call" affectn& anot+er ncarnate s$rt5s branG and to
+' t+at e#traC$er$+eral1 )ltraCor&anc nfl)ence s t+e nat)ral1 t+e
ne2table 'ode of co'')non.
-e fnds +'self able to nfl)ence so'e of t+ese or&ans'sG to r)le t+e'
as t+er o8n nd8elln& s$rt r)les t+e'1 onl" 8t+ 'ore 3no8led&e of t+e
$ossbltes of s)c+ control. -e 3no8s1 let )s sa"1 t+e 2er" 8a" n 8+c+
)nbe&otten lfe descended nto &eneratonG +e can see be"ond t+e narro8
$ortal of t+e omne vivum e0 ovo/ be+nd t+e frst E)2er of t+e frst sl'eC
s$ec3t+e princeps imus8+c+ entan&led n carbonCco'$o)nds t+e
Pro'et+ean fre. %nd t+)s +e can $)s+ t+e 2tal force t+ro)&+ and $ast t+e
ll)sor" nte&)'entG +e can act8t+ 'ore or less of a$$arent l3eness to
fles+l"1 to or&anc acton)$on e#ternal 'atter 8+c+ t+e 'ed)'5s
&norantl"&)ded bod" co)ld not1 8t+o)t s)c+ trann&1 +a2e contr2ed to
reac+.
T+s s t+e $+eno'enon 8+c+ ()sn& a ter' ada$ted for t+e $)r$ose b"
Professor Oc+oro8cN) I s+all +ere call ectopasyt+e $o8er of for'n&1
o)tsde so'e s$ecal or&ans'1 a collecton or reser2or of 2tal force or of
2talsed 'atter1 8+c+ 'a" or 'a" not be 2sble1 'a" or 'a" not be
tan&ble1 b)t 8+c+ o$erates n l3e fas+on as t+e 2sble and tan&ble bod"
fro' 8+ence t s dra8n.
!a"1 'ore. To t+e dse'boded s$rt t+e or&ans's 8+c+ +e sees
accreted abo)t +s ncarnate fello8s are no solated1 enca$s)led t+n&s. T+e
dentt"1 t+e )nbrd&eable se$araton s for +'f t s an"8+eren t+e
s$rtC8orld. T+ese $roto$las'c clo)ds can '#1 n +s 2e81 as easl" as
t+e tals of co'etsG or sa" as t+o)&+ fro' t+e tdal affl)# of +alfCcolldn&
2a$oro)s s)ns so'e &lo8n& $ro'nence s+ot fort+1 to fall bac3 $resentl"1
a&an d2ded1 and a $art attracted nto eac+ $arent 'ass. Onl" b" so'e s)c+
'eta$+or1 $er+a$s1 can 8e $ct)re t+e s$rt5s ne#t ac+e2e'ent1 and t+e
f)son of $ortons of t+e 2tal force of se2eral $ersons nto an a&enc" 8+c+
+e 8elds n nde$endence of t+e' allG dra8n& $o8er19 as t+e $+rase &oes1
fro' t+e crcle as 8ell as fro' t+e 'ed)'1 and acco'$ls+n& 'ec+ancal
8or3 b" t+e ad of t+er bodes1 b)t at a dstance fro' eac+.
%ll t+e ener&" t+at +e e#erts1 t+en1 s 2tal ener&"G t s dra8n fro' t+e
or&ans's of t+e $ersons $resent1 e2en 8+en t+e effect ac+e2ed (as t+e
$rod)cton of a cold 8nd) s )nl3e t+e effects to 8+c+ l2n& or&ans's
co''onl" &2e rse. B)t1 for t+e 'ost $art1 t+e effects 8+c+ +e $rod)ces do
rese'ble t+e or&ans'5s nat)ral actonG and +ence1 ndeed1 t+e +ii,KJL-
obDectons of tr2alt" and )selessness lar&el" arse. T+e tele3netc
'o2e'ents9 (to )se /r. %3sa3off5s ter') 8+c+ t s easest to $rod)ce
see' to dffer fro' 'o2e'ents 8+c+ t+e 'ed)' +'self co)ld +a2e 'ade
onl" b" startn& fro' a $ont n s$ace at so'e lttle dstance o)tsde +s
a$$arent $er$+er". T+e 'o2e'ents are nterestn&1 not as s$ectacles n
t+e'sel2es1 b)t as ndcatons t+at lfe can act at so'e dstance fro' a l2n&
or&ans'G D)st as t+e 'o2e'ent of a +alfCdro8ned 'an5s fn&er s
nterestn& to t+e frend 8+o 3no8s not 8+et+er t+ere stll be lfe n t+at
or&ans' at all.
T+e condton of t+e 'ed)' fro' 8+o' t+s 2tal force s ben& dra8n
see's to 2ar" fro' co'$lete tranE)llt" to e#tre'e a&taton1 accordn& to
t+e ease or dffc)lt" of t+e $rocess. 6t+ /r. /oses t+ere 8ere so'et'es
a&tated 'o2e'ents d)rn& so'e dffc)lt 'anfestaton (as t+e &2n& of
'n)te drect 8rtn&)G b)t &enerall" +e 8as tranE)ll" entranced1 8t+ +s
ar's restn& on t+e table n front of +'.
Let )s no8 s)r2e" t+e 2aro)s &rades of t+ese ecto$lastc $+eno'ena.
6e 8ll be&n 8t+ t+e $+eno'ena 8+c+ 3ee$ closest to t+e 'ed)'5s
$erson1 and n t+at sense $re$are t+e 8a" for t+e $rod)cton of 2sble
+ands1 &c.1 actn& at a dstance of so'e feet.
() %nd frst I 'a" 'enton a 'ode of dealn& 8t+ t+e 'ed)'5s bod"
8+c+ n2ol2es no act)al e#tradton of an" $art of ts s)bstance1 b)t 8+c+1
ne2ert+eless1 see's to '$l" a 'olec)lar 'an$)laton (so to sa") of ts soft
tss)es. I refer to t+e elon&atons notced 8t+ /r. ,. ,. -o'e1 In t+ese
casesf1 $ro2sonall"1 t+e" can be conte'$lated as act)al obDect2e
occ)rrencest+e ntercostal re&ons see'ed to be t+e es$ecal seat of t+e
e#tenson1 8+c+ s descrbed as ra$d and $anless1 alt+o)&+ so'et'es
follo8ed b" 2o'tn&.
() %not+er and a$$arentl" 'ore de2elo$ed for' of $rolon&aton +as
been obser2ed 8t+ /r. /oses. T+ese are $+anto' ar's and +ands1
re$rod)cn& t+e ar's of t+e 'ed)'1 coatCslee2es1 s+rtCc)ffs1 and allG and
e#tended &enerall" fro' t+e s+o)lder1 stra&+t o)t1 and abo2e t+e tr)e ar's.
T+ese s)$$le'entar" or co)nter$artal9 ar's (s)s$co)s obDects eno)&+1
)ntl obser2ed )nder &ood condtons) see' ne2er to +a2e been act)all"
to)c+ed1 b)t are s8ftl" retracted nto t+e 'ed)'1 or s'$l" 2ans+1 f an
atte'$t s 'ade to &ras$ t+e'. !e2ert+eless1 t+e +ands n 8+c+ t+e"
ter'nate do a$$ear to 'o2e obDects.
Odd and )ne#$ected as t+ese $+antas'al ar's are1 t+e" are nstr)ct2e
n 'ore t+an one res$ect. In t+e frst $lace t+e" s)$$l" n a certan 8a" a
'ssn& ln3 bet8een 'ere $+antas's and ecto$lastc $+eno'ena. 6e 3no8
t+at as a r)le $+antas'al a$$earances e#ert no obDect2e effect )$on t+e
'ateral 8orldGand 8e 3no8 also t+at to t+s r)le t+ere see' to be so'e
fe8 e#ce$tons. It s t+ro)&+ t+ese s+ado8"1 "et 'aterall" act2e1
$rolon&atons1collect2e +all)cnatons 8+c+ "et can affect t+e sold
8orld1t+at t+e lne of contn)t"1 f s)c+ t+ere be1 bet8een $)rel"
s)bDect2e +ii,KJM- $+antas' and fr'l" 'ateralsed +and or bod" 'a"
+a2e to be dra8n.
In t+e second $lace1 t+ese re$rod)ced coatCslee2es stand a$$arentl"
'd8a" bet8een t8o $+eno'ena not ob2o)sl" alledG2N.1 t+e
a$$earance of d"n& $ersons as t+o)&+ dra$ed n t+er +abt)al clot+n&1
and t+e &reater faclt" (attested b" /r. /oses5 &)des) of 'an)fact)rn& a
d)$lcate of so'e obDect alread" e#stn& on eart+1 rat+er t+an a ne8 and
or&nal obDect of t+er o8n de2sn&.
Per+a$s 8e 'a" ln3 t+e t8o b" sa"n& t+at e2er"t+n& 8+c+ s not a
$)rel" eart+" $+eno'enon ')st be for )s 'ortals to so'e e#tent
symboica/ and t+at t+e s'$lest for' of s"'bols' de$ends on 'ere
reminiscence/ t+at t+)s t+e lne of least resstance for t+e $s"c+c force or
teler&c '$)lse leads to t+e )$b)ldn& of t+e ecto$lastc fabrc )$on t+e
bass of t+o)&+ts and 'a&es 8+c+ are alread" fas+oned and stored n t+e
+)'an s$rt.
() In t+e classes of ecto$las's alread" en)'erated1 t+ere +as been at
least an a$$arent contn)o)s connecton 8t+ t+e bod" of t+e senst2eG
alt+o)&+1 n t+e lastC'entoned case es$ecall"1 t+at connecton s of a 2er"
s+ado8" 3nd.
6e no8 co'e to ecto$las's 8t+o)t a$$arent connecton 8t+ t+e
or&ans' fro' 8+c+ 8e stll ')st s)$$ose t+e' to be n so'e 8a"
der2ed. T8o nco'$lete for's of s)c+ solated ecto$las' frst $resent
t+e'sel2esG t+e one 'anfestn&1 so to sa"1 defnton 8t+o)t 2sblt"G t+e
ot+er1 2sblt" 8t+o)t defnton.
%s e#a'$les of a certan a'o)nt of defnton 8t+o)t 2sblt"1 I ta3e
touches and imprints. (l&+t b)t )n'sta3able to)c+es are often obser2ed
e2en 8+en t+e ecto$lastc $rocess ne2er &ets an" f)rt+er1 nor s dentfed
8t+ an" one s$rt. I'$rnts are 'ore rarel" recorded.
() % co''oner 8a" n 8+c+ t+e detac+ed ecto$las' be&ns ts
de2elo$'ent s 8t+ an a$$earance of clo)d1 or l&+t1 or l)'no)s 'st1
s)rro)ndn& so'e obDect 8+c+ s $resentl" 'o2ed1t+e ste' of a flo8er
bro3en1 or a bell carred abo)t t+e roo'. ()c+ a$$earances1 alread"
'entoned )nder t+e +eadn& of vita photogeny, are freE)entl" recorded
bot+ 8t+ ,. ,. -o'e and 8t+ /r. /oses. T+er connecton 8t+
ecto$las's s s+o8n b" t+e fact t+at so'et'es so'e of t+ose $resent +a2e
$erce2ed a +and1 8+le ot+ers +a2e seen onl" a clo)d or a l&+tG and
so'et'es all $resent +a2e seen t+e clo)d or l&+t c+an&e nto a +and. T+e
+and see's to oscllate abo)t t+e l'ts of defnte 2sblt"1 l3e 2a$o)r
8+c+ n a c+an&n& te'$erat)re condenses and reCe#$ands.
T8o s+ort $assa&es (E)oted fro' /r. /oses5 noteCboo3s) 8ll ll)strate
t+s se'C'ateralsaton.
X. T+e beads t+at ca'e n t+e l&+t see'ed to be $roDected fro' be+nd
'eG n t+e dar3 t+e" see'ed to fall.
%. It s necessar" to )se t+e force or $o8er e'anatn& fro' "o)r bod"
'ore caref)ll" n l&+t. It s far 'ore dffc)lt to re&)late t. T+e obDects +ii,
KJN- 8ere t+ro8n near "o) &entl". %t ot+er t'es t+e" 8ere allo8ed to fall
as '&+t c+ance.9
X. One see'ed to co'e o)t of t+e letter I 8as +andn& to /rs. G.
%. !o1 b)t t+e 'o2e'ent of "o)r +and t+re8 off force1 as n dar3ness
"o) 'a" see l)'no)s 2a$o)r $roceedn& fro' t+e fn&ers. T+e force s
&2en off at t+e fn&ers and +ead 'ost1 +ence obDects are bro)&+t or 'o2ed
'ore readl" near "o)r +ead or +ands. -ence t+e 'o2e'ent of obDects o2er
"o)r +ead and t+e $rod)cton of t+e scent. -ence1 too1 r)bbn& t+e +ands s
)sef)l1 and $lacn& t+e fn&ers on t+e table c+ar&es t+e 8ood. (o 8+en "o)
'o2ed "o)r +and t &a2e t+e o$$ort)nt" 8+c+ 8as )sed.9
X. T+at scent fro' '" +ead s 2er" c)ro)s. Is t $)t on1 or dra8n o)tW
%. ,ra8n o)t1 b)t I cannot tell "o) of t+at.9 2onday, 2arch .;rd,
*A=<.
X. Can I +a2e an" nfor'aton abo)t t+at e#traordnar" 8rtn&W (6e
+eld a sUance last n&+t at 8+c+ so'e 2er" 'n)te drect 8rtn& 8as &2en
b" ,octor and Pr)dens.)
%. It 8as done 8t+ &reat $ans and care as an e#$er'ent. 6e can do
'ore t+an t+at.9
X. It s t+e 'ost c)ro)s $ece I e2er sa8. 6+o 8rote tW
%. T+e s$rts 8+o s&ned1 aded b" 'an" ot+ers. 6e 8ere asssted last
n&+t b" a $o8erf)l band 8+o 8ere able to o2erco'e )nfa2o)rable
condtons. 6e +a2e sad before t+at no s)c+ 'anfestaton s e2er done b"
)s alone1 b)t b" 'an" assstants.9
X. T+e 8rtn& s so 'n)te and clear.
%. 6e co)ld do 'ore 'n)te 8rtn& and 8ll endea2o)r so to do.
/)c+ $o8er 8as )sed n endea2o)rn& to co'$lete t+e 'anfestaton 8t+
care. To t+at reason s d)e t+e $+"scal contorton 8+c+ attends t+e
'anfestaton. It s 'ore dffc)lt to 8rte 8t+ 'n)te care. 6e 8ll s+o8
"o) 8+at 8e can do one da".9
X. ,octor and Pr)dens 8ere t+e act)al a'an)ensesW
%. Yes1 t+e" act)all" 8rote1 as "o) 8o)ld see fro' t+e c+aracter of t+e
8rtn&. It s al8a"s so.9
X. I t+o)&+t Pr)dens5 8rtn& 8as not +s1 b)t an 'taton.
%. T+at 8o)ld not be allo8ed.9
X. 6as t+e $encl act)all" )sedW
%. O+1 "es.9
X. 6as a +and 'ateralsedW
%. !ot as "o) )nderstand t1 b)t s)ffcentl" so to )se t+e nstr)'ent. It
8o)ld not +a2e been 2sble to t+e nat)ral e"e.9
X. T+e $encl 8o)ld +a2e see'ed to 'o2e alone.
%. Yes1 to t+e nat)ral e"e.9
() In descrbn& t+ese '$erfectl" a&&re&ated ecto$las's 8e +a2e
alread" to)c+ed on t+e ne#t class1 t+at of E)asCor&anc detac+ed
ecto$las's. T+ese are es$ecall" +ands1 so'et'es 8t+ 8rsts or ar's
attac+ed1 b)t no8 8t+ no 'ere s+ado8" or d)$lcated dra$er"1 b)t a
dra$er" 8+c+ s t+er o8n1 and for t+e t'e ben& s as tan&ble as
t+e'sel2es. ()c+ +ands are re$orted n t+e cases of ,. ,. -o'e and /r.
/oses.
T+ese ecto$las's1 'oreo2er1 8+en de2elo$ed1 'a" be recognisabe/
+ii,KJO- t+e" 'a" ser2e as ndcatons of dentt". 6t+ ,. ,. -o'e t+s
see's freE)entl" to +a2e been t+e caseG and t+e s$ecal s+a$e and c+aracter
of +ands seen for'ed one of t+e 'ost &enerall" '$ress2e $onts n +s
$+eno'ena. In /r. /oses5 case t+e +ands (e#ce$t once n a $+oto&ra$+)
8ere not cla'ed as belon&n& to $ersonal frendsG b)t t+e lean bro8n +and
and 8rst 8+c+ )s)all" a$$eared (/r. /oses5 o8n +and ben& t+c31
$l)'$1 and 8+te) see'ed a$$ro$rate to t+e %raban $+loso$+er to 8+o'
t 8as asserted to belon&.
%'on&st t+ese detac+ed ecto$las's ')st be rec3oned t+e $+eno'enon
of t+e drect 2oce.9 :tterance 'a" be referable to an ecto$lastc t+roat as
dstnctl" as &r$ to ecto$lastc fn&ersGand 'a" for' of co)rse an e2en
+&+er 'anfestaton1ca$able of 'anfestn& 'ore ntell&ence and of
&2n& 'ore con2ncn& ndcatons of dentt". B)t t+s $+eno'enon (8+c+
I bele2e '"self to +a2e obser2ed else8+ere) +as been onl" '$erfectl"
s+o8n n t+e cases on 8+c+ t+s $resent s)r2e" s based.
() !or s t desrable +ere to d8ell at len&t+ )$on t+e 'ost ad2anced
t"$e of ecto$las"G8+en an a$$arentl" co'$lete for' see's to l2e for t+e
t'e an nde$endent lfe. T+s ne2er occ)rred t+ro)&+ /r. /oses.
(o'et+n& l3e t occ)rred t+ro)&+ ,. ,. -o'e se2eral t'esG t+o)&+ t+e
soldt" of t+e for' 8as not tested. !o 'ore1 t+erefore1 need +ere be sad
t+an t+at t+s co'$leter de2elo$'ent of t+e solated or nde$endent
ecto$las' dffers n no f)nda'ental 8a" fro' t+e t"$es 8+c+ 8e +a2e
alread" dsc)ssed. On t+e freE)ent fra)d)lent s')latons of t+s
$+eno'enon1 t+ere s no need +ere to d8ell. B)t for t+ose 8+o ad't t+at a
+and can be te'$orarl" t+ro8n off n t+s stran&e 3nd of ase#)al
&e''aton1 t 8o)ld be llo&cal to den" t+e $ossblt" of a 8+ole a$$arent
+)'an for' t+)s or&nated1 and t+)s reCabsorbed or dsa$$earn&.
%t 8+ate2er $ont1 ndeed1 a'on& t+e $+eno'ena of ecto$las" 8e 'a"
dra8 o)r e2dental lne1 t see's to 'e $robable t+at 8e +a2e +ere &ot at
t+e root of 'ost of t+e $+"scal $+eno'ena ass&nable to e#ternal control. It
s t+s $o8er of )sn& t+e 2tal force of 'en 8+c+ brn&s )ne'boded
ben&s nto relaton 8t+ t+e 'ateral 8orld. It s t+s $o8er1 too1 8+c+
ln3s t+e $+"scal 8t+ t+e 'ental $+eno'ena of s$rtCcontrolGenabln&
t+e )nseen &)de to )se t+e 'ac+ner" of t+o)&+t as 8ell as of 'oton1 n
8a"s 8+c+ t+e )naded or&ans' co)ld ne2er +a2e de2sed. To so'e of
t+ese ntellect)al $+eno'ena 8e ')st no8 t)rn.
(?) /E!T%L !:TRITIO! /O,I4IE, BY (PIRIT CO!TROL.
5a6 <rdinary Sensory &erception Spirituay Controed.T+e ne#t
+eadn& n o)r $re2o)s seres 8as sensory receptivity. In t+e sc+e'e of
s)$ral'nal fac)lt" t+s ncl)ded t+e ordnar" acton of t+e senseCor&ans1
8+ose l'ts so lar&el" deter'ne o)r ntellect)al lfe. In t+e s)bl'nal
sc+e'e1 8e fo)nd t+at t+e acton of t+ese senses 8as so'et'es +e&+tened
n +"$erFst+esa1 and so'et'es deadened n anFst+esa1 +ii,KKP- 'ore or
less co'$lete. 6e fo)nd also1and t+s 8as t+e 'ost s&nfcant e#tenson
of fac)lt"1t+at )nder certan crc)'stances t+e sensaton of pain co)ld be
2ol)ntarl" n+bted1 and t+e or&ans' t+)s de2oted 8t+o)t nterr)$ton to
t+ose +&+er $)r$oses1 8t+ 8+c+ $an1an ancent for' of 8arnn&1 no8
often 8orse t+an )seless1too freE)entl" nterferes.
Passn& on to t+e effects on sensor" rece$t2t" $rod)ced b" s$rt)al
control1 8e fnd1 as )nder $re2o)s +eadn&s1 t+at t+e effects 8+c+ selfC
s)&&eston can $rod)ce on t+e or&ans' are $rod)ced also1 and 8t+
a$$arentl" &reater faclt"1 b" s$rt $o8erG and 'oreo2er t+at a ne8
delcac" of drect2e or select2e acton s obser2able )nder t+e 'ore s3lf)l
'an$)latons (so to sa") of dse'boded ntell&ence. ()c+ at least s t+e
cla' ad2ancedG alt+o)&+ nat)rall" t s often onl" b" t+e analo&" of ot+er
$+eno'ena occ)rrn& n connecton t+at one can be &)ded n attrb)tn&
t+ese ntellect)al res)lts to an e#ternal rat+er t+an a 'erel" s)bl'nal
nfl)ence. T+e +"$erFst+esa1 anFst+esa1 or anal&esa of trance, for
e#a'$le1 does not n tself ndcate 8+et+er a s$rt e#ternal to t+e s)bDect
+as been at t+e 8or3 or no. If +o8e2er d)rn& a trance ,. ,. -o'e $laces
+s +ead 8t+o)t $an or nD)r" a'd &lo8n& coals1 and f 8e there ad't a
s$rt5s acton (alt+o)&+ $er+a$s on t+e en2ron'ent rat+er t+an on t+e
or&ans')1 8e 'a" conseE)entl" attrb)te to s'larl" e#ternal nfl)ence
ot+er for's of nsensblt" s+o8n d)rn& t+e sa'e or s'lar trances. %nd
n connecton 8t+ trance, 8+en 8e reac+ t+at to$c1 t+ere 8ll be f)rt+er
nstances of t+e abe"ance n 8+c+ ordnar" sensaton can be +eld b" s$rtC
control.
5b6 2emory Controed/ 7etrocognition Spirituay :iven.%nd
so'e8+at s'larl"1 D)st as t+e s)bl'nal control o2er 'e'or" s &reater
t+an t+e s)$ral'nal1 so t s cla'ed b" s$rts also t+at t+e" can nfl)ence
t+e senst2e5s 'e'or"G can 'a3e +' recall t+n&s for&otten or ne2er
notced1 and on t+e ot+er +and1 can oblterate fro' +s recollecton t+n&s
$re2o)sl" 3no8n. T+s cla't+oro)&+l" concordant 8t+ o)r sc+e'es
+ardl" ca$able of obDect2e $roof.
5c6 Sensory Automatism Spirituay Controed/ &hantasms o$ the *ead,
Ac.T+s $arallels' of acton contn)es )nder o)r ne#t +eadn& of
sensor" a)to'ats'.9 E2en as t+e s)bl'nal self can $resent 2s)al or
a)dtor" $+antas's for s)$ral'nal obser2atonG e2en as t+e +)'an a&ent1
actn& tele$at+call"1 can $resentstll t+ro)&+ s)bl'nal a&enc"+s o8n
$+antas'al a$$earance for t+e $erc$ent to reco&nse1 so can t+e s$rt. T+e
&+ost9 of co''on $arlancet+e $+antas' of t+e dead9'a" often
see' b)t a drea'" and $)r$oseless reflecton of so'e $orton onl" of t+e
de$arted s$rt5s ben&G b)t1 ne2ert+eless1 t co'es fro' t+at s$rt1 I bele2e1
as tr)l" as t+e stll l2n& a&ent5s $+antas' co'es fro' him, n +s d"n& or
+s crtcal +o)r. T+e s$rt +ere s actn& concurrenty 8t+ t+e s)$ral'nal
ntell&ence1 D)st as t+e s)bl'nal ntell&ence +as alread" done.
+ii,KKG-
5d6 Testhesia *eveoped into &erception o$ Spiritua 8nvironment/
&recognition.B)t t+s seres of s$rt)al 'odfcatons of sensor"
rece$t2t" 8+c+ +as t+)s far see'ed 'erel" to r)n $arallel 8t+ t+e s'lar
'odfcatons ntrod)ced b" s)bl'nal control1 ta3es +ere a &reat1 a
s&nfcant e#tenson. 6e +a2e co'e to t+e +eadn& of testhesiato t+e
$ont 8+ere t+e 'an5s )naded s$rt +as see'ed alread"1 t+o)&+ stll actn&
n t+e $+"scal1 t+e $lanetar"1 en2ron'entto transcend t+e bo)nds of
s$ace. 6+et+er and +o8 far at t+e sa'e t'e t +as learnt to transcend t+e
bo)nds of timen retroco&nton or $reco&ntons a $ont 8+c+ 8e
+a2e not +ere felt t needf)l to dsc)ss at len&t+. B)t no81 8+en 8e consder
t+e sco$e of clar2o"ance )nder s$rt)al &)dance1 8e fnd t+at t+e 8ord
')st ass)'e a stran&e and no2el 'eann&. T+ere are1 ndeed1 so'e
nstances of s$rt)all"C&)ded clar2o"ance of t+e terrestral t"$e. It 8as
clar2o"ance of t+at 3nd1 one 'a" sa"1 8+en1 )nder s$rt)al control1 /r.
/oses felt +'self $resentt+o)&+ rat+er as b" transation t+an b"
clar2o"ant 2sonat t+e dstant f)neral of +s frend.
B)t t+e for' of clar2o"ance c+aracterstc of s$rtC&)dance s t+at
8+c+ enables t+e senst2e to $erce2e t+e s$rt)al en2ron'ent
nter$enetratn& t+e en2ron'ent 8+c+ 8e 3no8.
To $erce2e t +o8W 8t+ 8+at sensesW 8t+ 8+at standard of
nter$retaton or fac)lt" of controlW 6e cannot sa". 6e 3no8 t+at e2en o)r
$erce$ton of t+s co''on 8orld s n a sense s"'bolcalG t+at t+e 8+rln&
'olec)les are translated for )s b" o)r narro8 senses nto $atterns 8+c+ o)r
'nds can co'$re+end. (tll 'ore stran&el" s"'bolcal ')st be 'an5s
$erce$ton of t+ose t+n&s 8+c+ co'e to +' t+ro)&+ c+annels 8+c+ +e
3no8s not1 and on a tde of lfe 8+c+ +e can net+er so)nd nor ste'. 6+en
+)es be"ond +s s$ectr)' are re2ealed to +'1 8t+ 8+at 8ords s+all +e
descrbe t+e broadenn& ra"W 6e +a2e seen t+e sn&le $+antas' $resented
as b" a s$ecal s)bl'nal effort to t+e stll do'nant s)$ral'nal 2e8G 8e
+a2e seen t+e &+ost stand n detac+'ent and nco''ens)rable a'd a scene
of co''on da". B)t at t+e fart+er sta&e at 8+c+ 8e +a2e no8 arr2ed t+ere
s for t+e $erc$ent a f)son of s)bl'nal and s)$ral'nal o)tloo3G +e sees
t+e terrene $ers$ect2e stll1 b)t t+e clo)d qu nunc obducta tuenti 2ortais
hebetat visus +as been ca)&+t a8a"1 and +e sees 'o2n& t+ro)&+ t+e
fa'lar o)tloo3 t+e 2stants of an nter8o2en 8orld.
()c+ a condton2ar"n& n de&ree and d)raton+as been descrbed
n 2aro)s $laces as co'n& )$on /r. /oses d)rn& or after a sUance. T+e
+abt of do)ble $erce$ton &re8 on +' as t'e 8ent on1 and s descrbed n
t+e latter $ara&ra$+ of a letter 8+c+ I $rnt as &2en n .ight, 7an)ar" .>t+1
*A@<.
*
+ii,KKH-
I +a2e follo8ed o)t t+e tran of t+o)&+t '"self of late. /"self1 8+at s
tW I do t+n&s one da"1 and es$ecall" sa" t+n&s1 of 8+c+ I +a2e no
re'e'brance. I fnd '"self absorbed n t+o)&+t n t+e e2enn&1 and &o to
bed 8t+ no lect)re for t+e 'orro8 $re$ared. In t+e 'ornn& I &et )$1 &o
abo)t '" 8or3 as )s)al1 lect)re a lttle 'ore fl)entl" t+an )s)al1 do all '"
b)sness1 con2erse 8t+ '" frends1 and "et 3no8 absol)tel" not+n& of
8+at I +a2e done. One $erson alone1 8+o 3no8s 'e 2er" nt'atel"1 can tell
b" a farCoff loo3 n t+e e"es t+at I a' n an abnor'al state. T+e notes of '"
lect)res so del2eredas I read t+e' n t+e boo3s of t+ose 8+o attend '"
lect)resread to 'e $recse1 acc)rate1 clear1 and ft nto t+er $lace e#actl".
/" frends fnd 'e absent1 s+ort n 'anner1 br)sE)e and r)de of s$eec+.
Else t+ere s no dfference. 6+en I co'e to '"self9 I 3no8 not+n& of
8+at +as ta3en $lace1 b)t so'et'es 'e'or" rec)rs to 'e1 and I &rad)all"
recollect. T+s s beco'n& a 2er" ')c+ 'ore freE)ent t+n& 8t+ 'e1 so
t+at I +ardl" 3no8 8+en I a' (8+at I call) '" $ro$er self1 and 8+en I a'
t+e 2e+cle of anot+er ntell&ence. /" s$rt frends give hints, but do not
say much. I a' be&nnn&1 +o8e2er1 to realse far 'ore t+an I once co)ld1
+o8 co'$letel" a 'an 'a" be a &asC$$e9a 'ere 2e+cle for anot+er
s$rt. Is t $ossble a 'an 'a" lead t+e lfe I do1 and +a2e no Ind2d)alt"
at allW I lead t+ree dstnct l2es1 and I often t+n3 t+at eac+ s se$arate. Is t
$ossble for a 'an1 to ordnar" e"es a co''on +)'an ben&1 to be a 2e+cle
for Intell&ences fro' abo2e1 and to +a2e no se$arate $ersonalt"W Can t be
t+at '" s$rt 'a" be a8a"1 learnn& $er+a$s1 leadn& a se$arate s$rt)al
lfe1 8+lst '" bod" s &on& abo)t and s an'ated b" ot+er Intell&encesW
Can t be t+at nstr)cton s so ad'nstered to '" so)l1 and t+at &ro8t+ n
3no8led&e beco'es 'anfest to 'e as no8 and a&an I ret)rn fro' '"
s$rt lfe and occ)$" '" bod" a&anW %nd s t $ossble t+at I 'a" one da"
beco'e consco)s of t+ese 8andern&s1 and lead a consco)s s$rt)al
e#stence alon&sde of '" cor$oreal e#stenceW
Once or t8ceonce 2er" latel" n t+e Isle of 6&+t'" nteror
dor'ant fac)ltes a8o3e1 and I lost t+e e#ternal alto&et+er. 4or a da" and a
n&+t I l2ed n anot+er 8orld1 8+le d'l" consco)s of 'ateral
s)rro)ndn&s. I sa8 '" frends1 t+e +o)se1 t+e roo'1 t+e landsca$e1 b)t
d'l". I tal3ed1 and 8al3ed1 and 8ent abo)t as )s)al1 b)t t+ro)&+ all1 and
far 'ore clearl"1 I sa8 '" s$rt)al s)rro)ndn&s1 t+e frends I 3no8 so
8ell1 and 'an" I +ad ne2er seen before. T+e scene 8as clearer t+an t+e
'ateral landsca$e1 "et blended 8t+ t n a certan 8a". I dd not 8s+ to
tal3. I 8as content to loo3 and l2e a'on& s)c+ s)rro)ndn&s. It 8as as I
+a2e +eard (8edenbor&5s 2sons descrbed.
(B) RE(PO!(E TO (TI/:LI (PIRIT:%LLY CO!TROLLE,.
5a6 (deation (nspired by Spirits.6e enter n t+s secton B )$on a
&ro)$ of $+eno'ena of &reat nterest and '$ortance1 b)t not of a t"$e on
8+c+ obDect2e e2dence can easl" be fort+co'n&.
T+e belef t+at )nseen $o8ers inspire 'ennot 'erel" b" $ro'$tn&
t+er +ands to a)to'atc 8rtn&1 b)t b" $)ttn& t+o)&+ts nto t+er
+earts9s one of t+e 'ost dee$l"Crooted1 t+e 'ost 8des$read1 and t+e
'ost enco)ra&n& to 8+c+ t+e +&+er races of 'an +a2e cl)n&. It s stron&l"
nssted )$on b" /r. /oses5 &)desG and 8ll be fo)nd re$eated +ii,KKI- n
2aro)s for's n +s boo31 ($rt Teac+n&s.9 6+at are +eld as ns$ratons
of t+s t"$e1 +o8e2er1 deal 'anl" 8t+ rel&o)s and 'oral conce$tons1 or
f )n3no8n and 2erfable eart+l" facts are ncl)ded1 t+e" are )s)all" s)c+
as '&+t 8t+ eE)al $la)sblt" be dee'ed to arse fro' t+e t+n3er5s
s)bl'nal self. T+e stron& assertons 'ade b" s$rts 8+o s+o8 t+e'sel2es
able to o$erate $o8erf)ll" n ot+er 8a"s 'a" farl"1 I t+n31 be ta3en as
carr"n& 8e&+t. T+e" re$resent t+e f)son of t+e s$rt5s t+o)&+t 8t+ t+e
'an5s as so'et'es beco'n& ndescrbabl" close and nt'ate. 6+en 8e
+a2e co'$ared t+e ns$ratons of a 'an5s o8n &en)s9 to subimina
uprushes, or er)$tons fro' a 2olcano1 8e '&+t better co'$are t+e
co'bnaton of s$rt)al and +)'an t+o)&+t to one of t+ose cases 8+ere
cr"stals of t8o totall" dfferent s)bstances +a2e de2elo$ed 8t+n t+e s$ace
bo)nded b" t+e sa'e $lanesG and1 nter&ro8n as t+e" are and nter$enetrant1
stll testf" b" t+e o$tcal c+aracters of t+er 'n)test $arts t+at +ere s no
con&eres of fra&'ents1 b)t t8o cr"stals 'ade ne#trcabl" one.
5b6 2otor Automatism Spirituay Controed/ &ossession.I +a2e
s$o3en of t+e dffc)lt" of $ro2n& or tracn& s$rt)al nfl)ence so lon& as
ts 'anfestatons are $)rel" ntraCcerebral1 are confned to nf)sn& nto t+e
'nd of t+e senst2e deas 8+c+ +e cannot dstn&)s+ fro' +s o8n.
B)t1 as 8e 3no81 t+ere are 2aro)s 'et+ods b" 8+c+ t+e a)t+ors+$ of
certan deas can be cla'ed b" t+e ns$rn& ntell&ence. % dstnct2e 'ar3
can be aff#ed to t+e' b" t+e 'ode of t+er $ro')l&atonb" &2n& t+e'
e#$resson concurrenty 8t+ t+e e#$resson of t+e senst2e5s nor'al
t+o)&+ts1 or e2en 8+le t+e senst2e5s ordnar" $ersonalt" s $l)n&ed n
trance. In t+e one case t+ere 'a" be a)to'atc 8rtn& 8+le t+e senst2e s
readn& or tal3n& on ot+er 'atters. In t+e ot+er case t+ere 'a" be tranceC
)tterances9re$les to E)estons1 or lon& addresses1 &2en 8+le t+e
'ed)' s )na8are of 8+at s &on& on aro)nd +'1 and of t+e 8ords 8+c+
ss)e fro' +s l$s. In eac+ case1 of co)rse1 t+e $roof of s$rtCnfl)ence
de$ends not 'erel" on t+e 'anner of t+e 'essa&e1 b)t on t+e facts 8+c+ t
contans1 or on t+e s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena 8t+ 8+c+ t s n ot+er 8a"s
assocated. T+ere s no need +ere to reCdsc)ss t+ese a)to'ats's at len&t+.
T+e" for'1 as t+e reader 8ll see1 a lar&e $art of /r. /oses5 $+eno'ena1
and al'ost t+e 8+ole of t+ose dsc)ssed n /rs. P$er5s caseG and ndeed n
t+er 2aro)s for's t+e" s)$$l" t+e b)l3 of t+e e2dence to t+e 2er"
e#stence of s$rt control1 8+c+ $+"scal 'o2e'ents b" t+e'sel2es co)ld
ne2er de'onstrate.
One addton to $re2o)s descr$tons1 +o8e2er1 ')st be 'ade1 f 8e are
to realse t+e e#tent to 8+c+ t+ese a)to'ats's 'a" be carred. T+e control
'a" be $)s+ed be"ond t+e $ont at 8+c+ o)r anal"ses of e2dence
&enerall" sto$. Consder1 for nstance1 t+e scene . 9+) A /1 8+ere /r. /oses
s entranced b" t+e s$rt of a s)cde. -ere 8e +a2e e2dental 8rtn& and
)tterance1a&tated 8ords )ttered n a +ii,KKJ- trance1r)de dra8n&s
'ade. B)t 8e +a2e also 'ore t+an t+s. 6e +a2e an a$$arent possession/ a
te'$orar" occ)$aton of t+e 'ed)'5s 8+ole $ersonalt" b" t+e s$rt 8+c+
s fndn& )tterance t+ro)&+ +'. T+s $ossesson s not1 ndeed1 a 'atter of
e2dence n t+e sa'e sense t+at 'essa&es contann& facts )n3no8n to t+e
8rter 'a" be e2dence of e#ternal control. Yet 8e can +ardl" dssocate t+e
t8o $arts of t+e $+eno'enonG and f n s)c+ a case as t+s 8e bele2e t+at
t+e 'essa&e reall" ca'e fro' t+e s)cde1 8e s+all $robabl" feel also t+at
t+e dstress1 t+e a&taton1 t+e be8lder'ent1 8+c+ dd not lea2e t+e
'ed)' for 'an" +o)rs1 8ere d)e also to t+e nfl)ence or $ossesson of t+e
sa'e )n+a$$" so)l.
T+e $ossblt" of ben& t+)s do'nated b" so'e )n8elco'e s$rt 8as
nat)rall" re&arded b" /r. /oses 8t+ fear and dsl3e. -s &)des ad'tted
t as a real1 b)t not as an alar'n&1 dan&er. ()c+ s$rt)al nfectons1 t+e"
sad n effect1 ta3e root onl" n a con&enal sol. T+e +ealt+" s$rt can re$el
t+er attac31 ')c+ as t+e +ealt+" or&ans' destro"s t+e &er's 8+c+ are
$er$et)all" see3n& lod&'ent 8t+n t.
5c6 80tension o$ Di,po#er into the Spiritua Dord/ &rayer.T+e ne#t
+eadn& n t+e sc+e'e of s)bl'nall" &)ded fac)lt" for 8+c+ 8e are no8
see3n& $arallels )nder s$rtCcontrol ncl)des 8llC$o8er e#tended be"ond
t+e or&ans'1 and affectn& tele$at+call" ot+er ncarnate 'nds. T+e
$arallel to t+s 8o)ld be so'e nfl)ence e#erted b" ncarnate 'en )$on
dse'boded s$rts. T+e e#ercse of s)c+ an nfl)ence ')st necessarl" be
al'ost '$ossble to prove/ nor s t at frst eas" to 'a&ne n 8+at 8a" t
co)ld $la)sbl" be re$resented as ta3n& $lace. %t t+s $ont n o)r
ar&)'ent1 +o8e2er1 8e +a2e beco'e fa'lar 8t+ conce$tons 8+c+1
8+en loo3ed at fro' bot+ sdes1 do a$$arentl" '$l" so'e reciproca acton
bet8een s$rts and ncarnate 'en. B)t 8+at f)rt+er I +a2e to sa" of $ra"er
+as been sad n t+e fnal c+a$ter of t+s boo3. %nd as to t+e last +eadn& n
'" (c+e'e of Vtal 4ac)lt"19 na'el"1 /odfcatons of ($rt)al
Personalt"19 t+e reader 8+o st)des ts $roDected +eadn&s 8ll see at once
+o8 needf)l t+er dsc)sson 8ll so'e da" be1 and +o8 far 8e are as "et
fro' ben& able to )nderta3e t. T+at ')st be t+e tas3 of a later a&e. /"
o8n dsc)sson1 alread" so +&+l" s$ec)lat2e1 co)ld +ardl" be $ressed
f)rt+er 8t+o)t o2erste$$n& t+e l'ts of all le&t'ate s$ec)laton.
9(' B . T+e follo8n& are references to t+e c+ef acco)nts of tele3netc
$+eno'ena n t+e &roceedings (.P.R.J
On so'e P+"scal P+eno'ena1 co''onl" called ($rt)alstc1
8tnessed b" t+e %)t+or19 b" Professor 6. 4. Barrett (2ol. 2. $. .?).
!otes of (Uances 8t+ ,. ,. -o'e19 b" 6lla' Croo3es (2ol. 2. $.
@A).
On %lle&ed /o2e'ents of ObDects1 8t+o)t contact1 occ)rrn& not n
t+e $resence of a $ad /ed)'19 b" 4. 6. -. /"ers (2ol. 2. $. *<B1 and $.
;>;).
+ii,KKK-
T+e E#$erences of 6. (tanton /oses19 b" 4. 6. -. /"ers (2ol. #. $.
.<?1 and 2ol. #. $. .<).
Polter&ests19 b" 4ran3 Pod'ore (2ol. #. $. <?).
T+e 4re 6al319 b" %ndre8 Lan& (2ol. #2. $. .). T+s &2es nstances
of an alle&ed ca$act" on t+e $art of certan $ersons )nder certan
crc)'stances of resstance to t+e nor'al effects of fre on t+e +)'an
or&ans'. T+e $+eno'enon1 f &en)ne1 s not e#actl" tele3netc1 b)t 'a"
rat+er be re&arded as an e#tended for' of 'otor a)to'ats'. (o'e
'ed)'s1 es$ecall" ,. ,. -o'e1 are sad to +a2e +ad t+e sa'e $o8er.
Ot+er 8or3s dealn& 8t+ tele3netc $+eno'ena to 8+c+ I 'a" refer
t+e reader areJ
7eport on Spirituaism o$ the Committee o$ the .ondon *iaectica
Society (LondonJ Lon&'ans1 Green1 Reader & ,"er1 *A=*).
.es Tabes Tournantes, $ar le Co'te %&. de Gas$arn (ParsJ Cal'ann
LU2"G <t+ edton1 *AA@). % $a'$+let descrbn& so'e of de Gas$arn5s
e#$er'ents 8as $)bls+ed b" Professor T+)r" )nder t+e ttle of .es Tabes
Tournantes, consid;r;es au point de vue de a question de physique
g;n;rae qui sQy rattache (Gene2a1 *AA?). T+s s no8 o)t of $rnt and rare.
It contans 2aro)s cases of 'o2e'ents obtaned 8t+o)t contact1 b"
see'n&l" caref)l obser2ers.
80perimenta (nvestigation o$ the Spirit 2ani$estations, b" Robert -are1
/.,.1 E'ert)s Professor of C+e'str" n t+e :n2erst" of Penns"l2ana
(!e8 Yor31 *A??).
7esearches in the &henomena o$ Spirituaism, b" 6lla' Croo3esG
re$rnted fro' The ?uartery 1ourna o$ Science (LondonJ 7. B)rns1 *A=<).
Animismus und Spiritismus, 2on %le#ander !. %3sa3off. . 2ols.
(Le$N&J Os8ald /)tNe1 *A@>.) %n acco)nt of t+s boo31 8+c+ deals
c+efl" 8t+ t+e t+eoretcal sde of t+e s)bDect1 n o$$oston to t+e 2e8s of
2on -art'ann1 8as &2en n a re2e8 b" t+e $resent 8rter n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. BB?.
The &recursors o$ Spiritism $or the ast .?> years, b" %. !. %3sa3off (n
R)ssan1 (t. Petersb)r&1 *A@?)G re2e8ed b" ,r. 6alter Leaf n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;*@.
The Scienti$ic (nvestigation o$ &hysica &henomena #ith 2ediums, b"
/. /. Petro2oC(olo2o2o (n R)ssan1 (t. Petersb)r&1 *@>>)G re2e8ed b"
,r. 6alter Leaf n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2. $. <*B.
4or t+e $+"scal $+eno'ena connected 8t+ ,. ,. -o'e1 see t+e
references &2en n 93) A.
4or t+e soCcalled Rec+enbac+9 $+eno'ena1 see t+e bref dsc)sson
&2en n 2ol. .1 ,+1 D.
9(* A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. **@. In t+e follo8n& case
t+e $+eno'ena descrbed 8ere 2aro)s1 b)t conssted 'anl" of a)to'atc
8rtn& and s$eec+. (o'e of t+e 8rtn&s e2nced a 3no8led&e +ii,KKL-
&reater t+an t+e a)to'atst $ossessed. Es$ecall" t8o lnes fro' -o'er
8ere correctl" 8rtten n res$onse to a reE)est for so'e Gree31 alt+o)&+ t+e
8rter 8as certanl" E)te &norant e2en of t+e Gree3 al$+abet. (o'e
ndcatons of dentt" 8ere also &2en.
Certan $+"scal $+eno'ena (t+e 'ost '$ortant of 8+c+ occ)rred n
'" nfor'ant5s absence) 8ere nter$olated1 as t 8ere1 at rando' a'on& t+e
ntellect)al $+eno'ena1 and carred 8t+ t+e' no clear ndcaton of t+er
so)rceG e#ce$t t+at t+e" occ)rred onl" n t+e $resence of t+e stter +ere
st"led /r. %ndre8.
4or '" ntrod)cton to /r. O. (as I s+all call +')1 t+e narrator of t+ese
ncdents1 I a' ndebted to t+e 3ndness of /r. %ndre8 Lan&. I frst +eard
/r. O.5s narrat2e fro' +'self b" 8ord of 'o)t+ on !o2e'ber .>t+1 *AA@1
8+le t+e e2ents 8ere stll fres+ n +s 'e'or". I re&ard +' as an e#cellent
8tness. T+e dela" n $rod)cn& t+e e2dence +as been $artl" ca)sed b" /r.
O.5s $ersstent b)t )na2aln& efforts to nd)ce t+e s)r22ors a'on& +s
fello8Cstters to add t+er test'on" to +s o8n. I +a2e reason to bele2e t+at
t+er ref)sal s n no 8a" d)e to an" dsa&ree'ent 8t+ /r. O.5s acco)nt1 b)t
'anl" to scr)$les of a E)asCrel&o)s nat)re. ()c+ scr)$les +a2e re$eatedl"
ba)l3ed o)r nE)resG b)t I +o$e t+at t+e" 'a" &rad)all" de o)t a'on& o)r
nfor'ants1 as t+e nnocence and t+e '$ortance of e#$er'ents of t+s 3nd
co'e to be better )nderstood. In /r. O.5s o8n case t+ere are1 I t+n31 a'$l"
s)ffcent reasons 8+" +s anon"'t" s+o)ld be $reser2ed. -s brot+ern
deference to 8+ose sero)s 8s+ d)rn& dan&ero)s llness t+e sttn&s 8ere
)nderta3ens no8 dead.
I 8ll add t+at t+e nt'ac" a'on& t+e 'e'bers of t+e crcle 8as s)c+
t+at I cannot do)bt t+at /r. O. +eard1 8t+o)t dela"1 fro' +s brot+er and
ot+ers1 of t+e $+"scal $+eno'ena 8+c+ +ad occ)rred d)rn& +s o8n
absence fro' t+e crcle. /r. O. 8rtes n *A@>J
In t+e 8nter of 5AAK@ I be&an1 alon& 8t+ a fe8 nt'ate frends1 to
n2est&ate t+e $+eno'ena co''onl" called ($rt)alstc. !one of t+e
co'$an" 8as at all an#o)s for an" s$ecfc co'')ncaton fro' anot+er
s$+ere1 b)t $artl" for t+e &ratfcaton of an n2ald brot+er1 and $artl" for
t+e sa3e of satsf"n& o)rsel2es as to t+e $ossblt" of so'e t+n&s 8e +ad
read1 8e atte'$ted a sttn&. T+e res)lts far e#ceeded o)r e#$ectaton. 6e
8ere fa2o)red 8t+ $+eno'ena so'e8+at startln& to no2ces n t+e art
$+eno'ena st"led n (cotland uncannyb)t t+er nterestn& nat)re soon
o2erca'e o)r nat)ral dffdence1 and before t+e end of t+e 8nter 8e 8ere
on E)te fa'lar ter's 8t+ o)r )ns)bstantal 2stants.
%s a r)le t+e crcle conssted of t8o of '" brot+ers1 t8o $ersonal
frends1 and '"self1 t+o)&+ occasonall" 8e ad'tted ot+er 'e'bers of t+e
fa'l"1 and once or t8ce an acE)antance. 6e 8ere not ($rt)alsts1 nor
+ad 8e an" desre to be 3no8n as s)c+G all 8e dd 8as done solel" b" 8a"
of e#$er'ent and a')se'ent. T+e o$$ort)nt" 8as t+e best $ossbleG 8e
+ad all o)r sttn&s n o)r o8n +o'e1 t+e crcle 8as confned to $ersonal
frends n 8+o' 8e +ad f)ll confdence1 so t+at t+ere 8as net+er 'ot2e
nor o$$ort)nt" for +ii,KKM- dece$ton. 6e )s)all" 'et t8ce a 8ee3 8+en
'" n2ald brot+er 8as able for co'$an"1 b)t d)rn& t+e 8nter 'ont+s
rela$ses of +s llness ca)sed nterr)$tonsG and ndeed1 I often t+o)&+t t+e
e#cte'ent of o)r sttn&s dd not affect +' benefcall".
O)r sttn&s 8ere all n t+e dar3. O)r 'ed)' 8as1 n 'ost cases1 /r.
%ndre81 t+o)&+ 8e +ad also a less effcent 'ed)' n t+e case of /r. (
. T+e $erfor'ances of t+e latter 8ere 'ostl" of a so'na'b)lstc 3nd1
and do not call for s$ecal notce.
6t+ %ndre81 +o8e2er1 $+eno'ena ass)'ed E)te anot+er as$ect. -e
8o)ld $la" c+ar'n& ')sc on t+e 2oln1 or $rod)ce bea)tf)l $encl
s3etc+es of ct" and r)ral scenes. (o'et'es t+e ocus of t+ese scenes 8as
na'ed1 oftener not1 b)t t+e" 8ere n2arabl" )n3no8n to an" 'e'ber of t+e
co'$an".
4or a t'e I faled to see an"t+n& very )nacco)ntable n %ndre85s
trance $rod)ctons. I 3ne8 +' to be an acco'$ls+ed 2olnst and a farl"
&ood s3etc+er1 and I nat)rall" $)t e2er"t+n& do8n to an )nconsco)s
e#ercse of +s o8n s3ll. One lttle t+n& dd $er$le# 'e1 na'el"1 t+e 2er"
dfferent st"les of +and8rtn& +e see'ed to acco'$ls+ 8t+ eE)al faclt".
I 'entoned an n2ald brot+er. -e s)ffered fro' a +eart affecton
3no8n as $res"stolc ')r')r. %t one sttn& 8e cons)lted a 'edcal 'an1
8+o called +'self ,r. (nobns3 of R)ssa. T+s &entle'an not onl"
$rescrbed for '" brot+er1 b)t also f)rns+ed )s 8t+ a da&ra' of t+e
+)'an +eart1 and $)t a s$ecal 'ar3 to ndcate t+e 2al2e dseased n '"
brot+ers case. -o8 t+s da&ra' 8as act)all" dra8n b" a $erson &norant of
+)'an $+"solo&"1 and +o8 t+e dseased 2al2e 8as s+o8n and e#$laned b"
one &norant of $at+olo&"1 8as 'ore t+an I co)ld acco)nt for.
On anot+er occason anot+er doctor1 calln& +'self %rnold1 confr'ed
t+e da&noss of ,r. (nobns31 and rated '" brot+er for +a2n& ne&lected to
follo8 t+e re&'en reco''ended b" t+e fa'o)s R)ssan. On t+s occason1
d)rn& e#a'naton of t+e c+est1 8+en t+e $atent c+anced to la)&+1 t+e
doctor Ln t+e $erson of /r. %ndre8M s)ddenl" &a2e +' a 'ld bo# on t+e
ear 8t+ +s o$en $al'. T+s1 I )nderstood1 8as to reb)3e +s la)&+ter1
8+c+1 as s 8ell 3no8n1 s a dan&ero)s l)#)r" to one s)ffern& fro'
2al2)lar dsease.
%t t'es 8e 8ere entertaned b" a ne&ro1 8+o &a2e )s no lttle f)n. -s
effort to s$ea3 En&ls+ 8as 'ost a')sn&1 and $resented D)st t+ose
dffc)ltes 8+c+ $er$le# t+e ne&ro n t+s 'ore 'atterCofCfact s$+ere.
T+ese $+eno'ena +ad led 'e to $er$le#n& t+o)&+ts1 and1 t+o)&+
)nable to e#$lan t+e' on $)rel" $s"c+olo&cal &ro)nds1 I 8as slo8 to
ad't t+at t+e 'ed)' 8as not also t+e ca)se of t+e effects +e $rod)ced. I
+ad so far acco)nted for t+e ')sc and t+e s3etc+esG t+e 2aretes of t+e
+and8rtn& 8ere a lttle $)NNln&1 t+e da&ra' and t+e $rescr$ton a lttle
'ore so1 b)t I 8as stll nclned to s)s$end D)d&'ent tll I s+o)ld acE)re
'ore facts. 6t+ a 2e8 to t+s1 I one e2enn& nterro&atedJ 6+ere are
"o)W9 %ns8erJ In t+e s$+ere ne#t t+e eart+.9 Co)ld "o) tell an"t+n& of
t+e f)t)reW9 %ns8erJ 6e are as &norant of t+e f)t)re as "o) are.9 T+s I
t+o)&+t 8as at least +onest1 and 2er" $robable1 b)t too &eneral to be of
ser2ce to 'e n arr2n& at an" decson. I resol2ed to $)t 8+at see'ed to
'e a searc+n& test. !one of t+e ot+ers 3ne8 Latn or Gree31 so I as3ed an
ans8er n Latn. T+s 8as readl" &2en1 b)t so badl" s$elt t+at I faled to
f)ll" translate t. !ot "et satsfed1 I as3ed an" E)otaton fro' a Gree3
a)t+orso t+at b" co'$arson +ii,KKN- 8t+ t+e or&nal1 dentt" or
2araton '&+t be satsfactorl" a$$arent. T+s res)lted n a E)otaton fro'
t+e Od"sse"1 B3. #.1 lnes ?=KAJ
tAqq, 6 qA
qG
c 6 q 6
q Aig.
LTransation M
T+ese lnes 8ere bea)tf)ll" 8rtten n c)rs2e c+aracters1 and 'n)te
e2en to t+e accents. %s a st)dent I +ad read Od"sse" 0I.1 b)t co)ld not +a2e
&2en t+e lnes fro' 'e'or"1 or 8rtten t+e' o)t 8t+ correct accents. On
co'$arn& t+e lnes 8t+ t+e Gree3 te#t I fo)nd t+e' to be 8t+o)t fla8.
/" $)NNle 8as no8 t8ofoldJ (*) T+at I 8as not able to read t+e Latn
$ro2ed t+at 8+at 8as &2en 8as not an"t+n& I +ad $re2o)sl" been
re2ol2n& n '" o8n 'nd1 b)t +ad co'e fro' an nde$endent ntell&enceG
(.) T+e 'ed)' 8as not acE)anted 8t+ et+er Latn or Gree3dd not
3no8 one fro' t+e ot+er. Clearl" I ')st no8 E)t t+e +"$ot+ess t+at t+e
'ed)' 8as t+e a)t+or of +s o8n 'essa&e1 as not adeE)ate to acco)nt for
all t+e facts.
T+e Gree3 and t+e Latn L/r. O. adds n a later letterM 8ere bot+
obtaned at t+e sa'e sttn&. I as3ed for t+e Gree3 beca)se t+e Latn 8as so
badl" 8rtten t+at I co)ld not f)ll" 'a3e t o)t. T+e 'ed)' t+at e2enn&
8as Andre#, 8+o1 I a' f)ll" con2nced1 co)ld not $ossbl" +a2e an"
3no8led&e t+at Gree3 8o)ld be as3ed forand e2en f +e +ad 3no8n1 +e
co)ld not +a2e &2en t1 snce +e dd not 3no8 t+e Gree3 8+en t 8as &2en.
T+e controlln& s$rt 8as )n3no8n to an" of t+e co'$an". In re$l" to '"
E)estons +e descrbed +'self as a "o)t+ of nneteen1 accordn& to their
rec3onn&1 b)t 8as onl" t8el2e "ears of a&e 8+en +e ded. 6+en I as3ed
+o8 +e 8as occ)$ed +e told )s +e 8as stll at sc+ool. T+s nfor'aton led
'e to as3 for t+e Latn and s)bseE)entl" for t+e Gree3.
(tll 'ore ne#$lcable 8as t+e e2dental s&n &2en to a do)btn&
acE)antance. T+s &entle'an reE)ested $er'sson to be $resent at one of
t+e sttn&s1 b)t +s &eneral be+a2o)r t+ere ndcated t+at +e re&arded a
sttn& as a 3nd of farce. -e bro)&+t 8t+ +' anot+er &entle'an of eE)all"
sce$tcal te'$er. T+e frst re'ar3 fro' t+e 'ed)' t+at e2enn& 8as1
T+ere are stran&ers $resent toCn&+t.9 T+s re'ar3 see'ed to o)r frend so
co''on$lace t+at +e reE)ested e2dence of t+e $resence of a s$rt. On
ben& as3ed 8+at e2dence +e 8o)ld l3e1 +e Do3n&l" sad1 Brn& a
candleZ9an dea $robabl" s)&&ested b" sttn& n t+e dar3. T+e 8s+ +ad
scarcel" been e#$ressed 8+en a candle 8as $laced on t+e table before +'1
8t+ t+e reE)est t+at +e s+o)ld ''edatel" E)t t+e co'$an". T+e candle
8as fo)nd to be 8ar'1 a crc)'stance e#$laned b" t+e fact t+at t +ad been
)sed n t+e ne#t roo' onl" a fe8 'n)tes before. /" brot+er ''edatel"
8ent to t+e ne#t roo' and as3ed for a candle. T+e &ood lad" 8as ')c+
s)r$rsed to fnd t+at 8+le t+e candlestc3 8as stll standn& 8+ere s+e +ad
$laced t s+ortl" before1 t+e candle tself 8as &one. /" brot+er t+en s+o8ed
+er t+e candle 8+c+ +e +eld n +s +and1 and t+s s+e dentfed as t+e one
s+e +ad )sed a fe8 'n)tes beforendeed t+ere co)ld not be t8o o$nons1
as t+ere 8as onl" one candle n t+e +o)se. T+s 8as re&arded b" t+e crcle as
t+e 'ost 8onderf)l res)lt "et obtaned. -ere 8as $roof a'o)ntn& to a
de'onstraton t+at a 'ateral obDect +ad been $assed t+ro)&+ 'atterG t+e
candle +ad been bro)&+t fro' one roo' to anot+er1 t+o)&+ bot+ doors
(t+ere 8ere t8o doors n t+e roo' n 8+c+ t+e sttn&s 8ere +eld) 8ere
loc3ed before t+e sttn& 8as co''enced.
T+s candle ncdent I &2e on t+e test'on" of t+e ot+ers1 as I '"self
8as +ii,KKO- not $resent t+at e2enn&1 a crc)'stance 8+c+ I after8ards
re&retted. Personall" I +a2e not seen a case of 'atter t+ro)&+ 'atter.
,)rn& t+at 8nter 8e obtaned 'an" nterestn& $+eno'ena. T+e s$rts
(W) 8o)ld str3e an" note 8e as3ed on a 2oln or +ar'on)' 8+c+ stood
b". T+e notes reE)ested 8o)ld so)nd fort+ dstnctl"1 t+o)&+ no 2sble
+and 8as nearG and t+s 8as done bot+ n t+e dar3 and n t+e l&+t1 t+o)&+
'ore often n t+e dar3.
One e2enn& a 2stant addressed one of '" brot+ers as an old
sc+oolfello81 and n $roof of +s dentt" +e re'nded '" brot+er of a $oe'
t+e" +ad once learnt to&et+er as bo"s1 na'el"1 one b" ()rface'an9
(%le#ander %nderson)1 enttled The bood on the #hee. /" brot+er
$erfectl" recollected t+e e#ercse1 and +ad no do)bt as to t+e dentt" of t+e
s$ea3er. T+e 8onderf)l t+n& +ere 8as t+at t+e 'ed)' +ad beco'e
acE)anted 8t+ '" brot+er later n lfe and +ad no 3no8led&e of +s
sc+oolda"s.
Of t+e scentfc 2al)e of t+ese res)lts I 8as not a8are tll I +ad t+e
$leas)re of 'eetn& "o)rself1 and f 8e +ad 'et so'e 'ont+s earler I
s+o)ld certanl" +a2e $reser2ed t+e le&ble res)lts of o)r sttn&s. T+e" 8ere
destro"ed n &norance of t+er scentfc 8ort+1 and c+efl" beca)se
assocated 8t+ a de$arted brot+er 8+ose earl" deat+ 8e stll la'ent.
T+o)&+ o)r sttn&s are lon& $ast t+er res)lts stll d8ell 8t+ 'e n all b)t
t+er frst fres+ness. Crc)'stances cons$red to brea3 )$ o)r lttle
co'$an". Of o)r crcle of f2e t8o +a2e snce 'arred1 one +as left t+e
dstrct1 and anot+er +as de$arted t+s lfe. T+e deat+ of o)r 'ost s$rted
'e'ber 8as t+e end of o)r 'eetn&s.
9(* B . T+e e#$erences descrbed n connecton 8t+ /ss 6+te and
/ss Lotte 4o8ler (bot+ of 8+o' are no8 dead) see' analo&o)s to
e#$erences 8t+ /rs. P$er. T+e case of /ss 6+te co'es fro' %'erca1
and s s$ecall" nterestn& bot+ n t+e a$$arent f)lfl'ent of t+e $ro'se
'ade b" t+e alle&ed dscarnate s$rt control to a$$ear to t+e narrator5s sc3
8fe1 and n t+e a$$arent 3no8led&e s+o8n of t+e ''edate a$$roac+ of
deat+.
4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ..=.
1anuary .Ath, *A@*.
%bo)t ele2en "ears a&o I 8as ')c+ dstressed o8n& to t+e llness of '"
8fe1 8+o s)ffered fro' cancer n t+e sto'ac+. I +eard abo)t a 'ed)'1
/ss ()se !c3erson 6+te1 8+o 8as sad to +a2e &2en so'e re'ar3able
tests1 and I called on +er as a stran&er and reE)ested a sttn&. /" 8fe5s
sster $)r$orted to control19 &2n& +er na'e1 /ara1 and 'entonn& facts
abo)t '" fa'l" 8+c+ 8ere correct. (+e also called '" 8fe b" +er na'e1
ElNa %nne1 descrbed +er sc3ness1 and sad t+at s+e 8o)ld $ass o2er1 b)t
not for so'e 'ont+s. I sad1 6+at do "o) call t+sW Is t $s"c+olo&"1 or
'es'ers'1 or 8+atW9 /ara sad1 I 3ne8 "o) 8ere &on& to as3 t+atG I
sa8 t n "o)r 'nd.9 I sad1 ,o "o) &et all t+e t+n&s o)t of '" 'ndW9
(+e re$led1 !o. I5ll tell "o) so'e t+n&s t+at are not n "o)r 'nd. 6t+n
t+ree da"s ElNa %nne 8ll sa" t+at s+e +as seen 'e and 'ot+er1 too1 f I can
&et 'ot+er to co'e alon&.9 (/" 8fe5s 'ot+er +ad ded abo)t fort"Cf2e
"ears $re2o)sl"1 and '" 8fe5s sster +ad been dead fro' s# to e&+t
"ears.)
I 3e$t t+ese crc)'stances to '"self1 b)t 8t+n t+ree da"s t+e n)rse
8+o 8as n attendance )$on '" 8fe ca'e r)nnn& to 'e and sad t+at '"
8fe 8as 8orse1 and 8as &on& o)t of +er 'ndG t+at s+e +ad called )$on
/ara and +ii,KLP- 'ot+er1 and +ad s$r)n& o)t of bed and ran to8ards t+e
door cr"n&1 (to$1 /araZ (to$1 'ot+erZ ,on5t &o "etZ9
I soon cons)lted /ss 6+te a&an1 and /ara a&an $)r$orted to
control. /" 8fe +ad been )nable for so'e da"s to retan an" food n +er
sto'ac+1 co)ld not 3ee$ e2en 8ater or 'l31 and 8as 2er" 8ea3 and also
)nable to slee$.
/ara told 'e to &2e +er so'e +ot1 2er" stron& coffee1 8t+ $lent" of
crea' and s)&ar and so'e crea' toast. T+s $rescr$ton a'aNed 'e1 b)t t
8as $re$ared. /" 8fe ate and dran3 8t+ rels+1 and sle$t so)ndl"
after8ards. (+e l2ed )$on t+s food for so'e da"s1 b)t &rad)all" beca'e
)nable e2en to ta3e t+s.
I cons)lted /ss 6+te a&an1 and /ara told 'e to &et so'e l'es1 and
to &2e '" 8fe so'e $)re D)ce of t+e l'e se2eral t'es a da"G s+e sad
t+at t+s 8o)ld &2e +er an a$$ette and enable +er to retan food. T+e
$rescr$ton 8as a s)ccessG b)t &rad)all" '" 8fe faled1 and I cons)lted
/ss 6+te a&an1 and as3ed /ara +o8 lon& '" 8fe 8o)ld contn)e to
s)ffer. (+e sad s+e co)ld not tell e#actl" 8+en s+e 8o)ld $ass a8a"1 b)t
8o)ld &2e 'e a 8arnn&T+e ne#t t'e s+e sa"s s+e +as seen 'e1 don5t
lea2e +er after8ards.9
(o'e da"s later1 as I 8as rele2n& t+e n)rse abo)t t+ree or fo)r n t+e
'ornn&1 t+e n)rse sad1 /a''e9 ('eann& '" 8fe) sa"s s+e +as seen
/ara a&an.9 In a fe8 'n)tes '" 8fe sad1 I ')st &o.9 %nd s+e e#$red.
((&ned) E. P%IGE1 /%RY %. P%IGE.
L4or'erl" /ar" %. ,oc3ert"1 t+e n)rse.M
LI +a2e +ad lon& nter2e8s 8t+ /r. Pa&e. -e see's to be a s+re8d
and caref)l 8tness.RIC-%R, -O,G(O!.M
9(* C . Concernn& /ss Lotte 4o8ler1 I E)ote acco)nts of t8o
ncdents1 one recorded b" /r. 6. (tanton /oses and t+e ot+er b" /r. C.
C. /asse". /r. /oses5 acco)nt s &2en n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $.
=A1 as follo8sJ
Per+a$s one of t+e 'ost str3n& cases I can $resent s t+e frst
e#$erence t+at occ)rred to 'e. ((ee Spirit (dentity, $$. *.<K*.B1 %$$end#
V.)J
I nE)red 8+ere I co)ld see for '"self t+ese ne8 $+eno'ena1 and 8as
nfor'ed t+at /ss Lotte 4o8ler La 8ellC3no8n $rofessonal 'ed)'M 8as
abo)t to +old a sUance t+at 2er" e2enn& (%$rl .nd1 *A=.)1 at *?
(o)t+a'$ton Ro8. I 8ent1 and 8as &reatl" astons+ed at 8+at I sa8 and
+eard. I need not ta3e )$ t'e b" detaln& t+e occ)rrences of t+e frst $art
of t+e sttn&G 'ost ($rt)alsts are fa'lar 8t+ t+e )s)al ro)tne of /ss
4o8ler5s sUances. /)c+ +aN" nonsense 8as tal3ed1 and 'an" 2a&)e
state'ents 'ade1 8+c+ see'ed to 'e to be of no )se 8+ate2er as tests of
s$rt dentt". I 8as ra$dl" beco'n& na)seated. I cra2ed for so'et+n&
'ore clear1 so'et+n& on 8+c+ I co)ld rest as a sta$le $ece of e2dence. I
nE)red1 t+erefore1 8+et+er I '&+t endea2o)r to obtan so'e s)c+ $roof
for '"self. Lea2e 8as at once &2en b" t+e drector of t+e crcle1 and I
addressed t+e s$rt 8+o controlled t+e 'ed)'.
Yo) are trn& "o)r 'ed)'1 and 'a3n& f)n of )s. Go and send so'e
one 8+o s sero)s.9
T+e 'ed)' s+2ered and t)rned a8a"1 and t+e 2oce ca'e as t+o)&+
tro)bled.
Yo)52e not+n& to do 8t+ 'e. I 8on5t &o. /e no &o.9
Yes1 "o) 8ll. Yo)5ll &o and send so'e one else.9
%fter 'ore colloE)" t+e 'ed)' s+2ered a&an1 see'ed to be n $an1
and stood rooted to t+e s$ot1 cro)c+n& as f n dread.
+ii,KLG-
%fter a t'e t+e 2oce ca'e a&an1 b)t )tterl" c+an&edG t+e 2oce1 t+s
t'e of a 'an1 2er" cal' and )n'$assoned1 nstead of t+e c+ldC2oce
s$ea3n& bab" Dar&on.
Yo) 8ant 'eW9
Yes. 6+at s "o)r na'eW9
I5d rat+er not tell "o). Yo) can as3 'e an" E)estons.9
!o. Tell 'e 8+at "o) see1 or descrbe an" one 8+o' "o) see near 'e.
I 8ll ans8er "es or noG no 'ore.9
I see a 'an1 2er" old1 tall1 8t+ a lon& 8+te beard1 and lon& +ar.9
Yes.9
T+e beard s 2er" 8+te ndeed.9
!o. Go on.9
-e +as a 2er" +&+1 broad fore+ead1 and +s e"es are dra8n do8n.
6+"1 +e5s blndZ9
Yes.9
%nd +s face s blac3 and bl)e. %nd9 (+ere t+e 'ed)' s+)ddered
2olentl")o+Z 8+at5s t+at n +s 'o)t+W It5s l3e sl'eand ')dand
o+Z blood.9
YesW9
%ndt5s dar3. I can5t see.9
Go on. -o8 s +e dressedW9
-e +as a lon& bl)e coat. !o1 not e#actl" a coatso'et+n& lon&. I
can5t see +s feet.9
6+ere does +e standW9
R&+t o$$osteG close b" "o).9
Can "o) see +s na'eW9
!o. -e see's n tro)ble. I t+n3 t5s 'one". -e loo3s so +orrble. Let
'e &o. 6+" do "o) 3ee$ 'e +ere.9
Go1 t+en. ,o "o) 3no8 'eW9
!o.9 (T+s 2er" e'$+atcall".)
I s+all not atte'$t to descrbe t+e scene d)rn& t+e t'e t+at t+s
con2ersaton 8as +eld. I +a2e E)oted fro' a f)ll and caref)l record 8rtten
at t+e t'e1 and t+e 8+ole scene s $+oto&ra$+ed ndelbl" on '" 'nd.
E2er" one see'ed $etrfed and astons+ed. T+e" 8o)ld +a2e been stll
'ore so +ad t+e" 3no8n 8t+ 8+at $+oto&ra$+c acc)rac" a scene n '"
o8n $r2ate e#$erence 8as ben& reCenacted before '" e"es. It 8as1 I a'
s)re1 as )n3no8n as I 8as '"self. It 8as a scene t+at $assed n a 2er"
dstant $art of Great Brtan1 and t 8as re$rod)ced 8t+ a realstc $o8er
t+at bore do8n before t1 as 8t+ torrent force1 all do)bt and +estaton. I felt
t+at t+e 'an 8as t+ere before 'eG +'self re$rod)cn& t+e stor" of +s deat+
for '" con2cton.
-ere 8e +a2e t+e case of a 'an 8+o 8ent to a sUance 8t+ absol)tel" no
e#$ectatons n +s 'ndG +e dd not 3no8 8+at to e#$ectG +e dd not e#$ect
an"t+n&G and +e &ot 8+at n an" $olceCco)rt 8o)ld be consdered $erfect
e2dence of lfe be"ond t+e &ra2e.
I E)ote /r. /asse"5s acco)nt fro' t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ?.
1anuary *Ath, *A@>.
On %$rl =t+1 *AA;1 ded an old and dear frend of 'ne1 b" na'e
4rancs Pa"nton P&ottCCarleton (+s $atron"'c 8as P&ott+e too3 t+e
na'e of +ii,KLH- Carleton on +s 'arra&e). On %$rl .=t+ n t+e sa'e "ear I
too3 an old &lo2e of +s1 &2en to 'e for t+e $)r$ose b" +s 8do81 to Lotte
4o8ler1 $)ttn& t nto +er +and 8+en s+e 8ent a$$arentl" nto trance1 and
8as controlled19 and reE)estn& t+e control9 to &et nto rapport 8t+ t+e
o8ner of t+e &lo2e1 and &2e 'e an" $artc)lars concernn& t+at $erson. T+e
control9 &a2e 'e a descr$ton of t+e $erson of '" frend 8+c+ I t+o)&+t
remarBaby &ood. I t+en as3ed for t+e na'e. (+e1 or t+e control19 see'ed
to lsten for t1 and t+en sad1 8t+ a$$arent 2e#aton1 O+1 t s all nonsense1
I can 'a3e not+n& of t. I +ear onl" HP&P&It+at s not a na'eG 8+at
do t+e" 5sic6 'ean b" HP&IW9
It s ob2o)s t+at t+e frst s"llable of t+e na'e P&ott9 s t+at 8+c+
8o)ld be accent)ated 'ost stron&l"1 and t+e so)nd dro$$n& (8e 'a"
s)$$ose)1 t+e latter +alf of t+e na'e 8o)ld not be ca)&+t b" an ear
)nfa'lar 8t+ t.
I +ad &2en +er not t+e sl&+test cl)e1 e#ce$t t+e &lo2e1 8+c+ 8as not
'ar3ed 8t+ t+e na'e1 and s+e +ad ne2er seen or +eard of '" frend1 8+o
l2ed n t+e co)ntr" and 8as not nterested n ($rt)als'19 and 8as E)te
)n3no8n to 'ed)'s9 t+o)&+ +s 8fe +ad on 'ore t+an one occason
been 8t+ 'e to sUances. (!ot1 +o8e2er1 to Lotte 4o8ler1 to t+e best of '"
$resent 'e'or" and belef.) %nd I +ad not 'entoned '" frend5s deat+
a'on& '" s$rt)alstc frends1 nor '" ntenton to 2st +er to an" one 8+o
'&+t1 ntentonall" or ot+er8se1 $re$are +er.
C. C. /%((EY.
93+ A . %n acco)nt of t+e e#$erences of t+e Re2. C. B. (anders 8as
$)bls+ed n a boo3 enttled bcYdS/ or, The Seeping &reacher o$ North
Aabama. Containing an account o$ most #onder$u mysterious menta
phenomena, $uy authenticated by iving #itnesses. B" Re2. G. 6. /tc+ell.
(!e8 Yor3J 6. C. ('t+1 B? 7o+n (treet. *A=B.) T+e boo3 ncl)des
state'ents b" n)'ero)s 8tnesses of t+e s)$ernor'al 'anfestatons of /r.
(anders1 and addtonal corroboratons 8ere obtaned b" Professor 7a'es
and ,r. -od&son n re$l" to nE)res abo)t t+e case. 4ro' t+ese so)rces of
nfor'aton t+e follo8n& bref s3etc+ s 'ade.
/r. 4. G. Bro'ber&1 of /oble1 %la.1 a frend of Professor 7a'es1 8rote
to t+e latter n *AABJ
T+e boo3 +as onl" recentl" been called to '" attenton b" C+efC7)stce
(tone1 of t+s (tate1 and a co$" 8as sent to 'e b" late C+efC7)stce
Brc3ell1 8+ose +o'e s at -)nts2lle1 %la.1 and a'on&st t+e 8tnesses cted
n t+e boo3. In a letter 8+c+ acco'$aned t+e boo3 +e 8rtes as follo8sJ I
+a2e freE)entl" seen /r. (anders1 t+e s)bDect of t+e boo31 and of 'an" of
t+e ncdents related I +eard soon after t+er occ)rrence. T+e 8tnesses or
contrb)tors referred to are of t+e 'ost )nE)estonable1 )n'$eac+able
c+aracter. T8o of t+e'1 ,r. Rossand ,r. (+elb"1 8ere of 2er" consderable
learnn&1 and of 2er" +&+ c+aracterG t+e frst as a t+eolo&an1 t+e ot+er as a
$+"scan.9Y
7)d&e Brc3ell5s ass)rances $)t at rest all do)bts as to t+e absol)te
nte&rt" of all $artes na'ed t+eren1 et+er as obser2ers or obser2ed. T+e
ele'ents of fra)d1 coll)son1 or fabrcaton are entrel" el'nated fro' t+e
$roble' to be sol2ed.
+ii,KLI-
Constantne Blac3'on (anders 8as born n *A;*1 near -)nts2lle1
%laba'a1 t+e se2ent+ c+ld n a fa'l" of ten c+ldren. -s fat+er ded 8+en
+e 8as n +s s#t+ "ear.
Constantne l2ed 8t+ +s 'ot+er1 and labo)red on t+e far' )ntl +e
8as a f)llC&ro8n 'an. 4ro' +s 'ot+er1 and ot+ers 8+o 3ne8 +' d)rn&
t+e da"s of +s "o)t+1 8e learn t+at +e 8as d)tf)l to +s 'ot+er1 3nd to +s
ssters1 'oral n +s +abts1 and a2oded assocaton 8t+ t+e 2co)s. -s
te'$era'ent 8as c+eerf)l1 and +e +ad consderable fondness for ')sc.
4ro' +s earl" c+ld+ood +s 'nd 8as ')c+ nterested on t+e s)bDect of
$reac+n& t+e &os$el. %nd +e 8as n t+e +abt of $reac+n& D)2enle f)neral
ser'ons o2er dead c+c3ens1 $&s1 &c.1 and ba$tNn& t+e bo"s1 bot+ blac3
and 8+teG and1 on t+s acco)nt1 8as often fa'larl" called T+e Preac+er.9
6+en +e 8as t8ent" "ears old +e attended a re22al 'eetn&1 and
beca'e dee$l" nterested n rel&o)s 'attersG $resented +'self as a
canddate for t+e 'nstr" )nder t+e care of t+e Presb"ter" of TennesseeG
8as lcensed to $reac+ n *A??1 and ordaned n *AB.. %t t+e t'e +e Doned
Presb"ter" n *A?.1 8+en +e 8as t8ent"Cone "ears old1 +e co)ld scarcel"
read and 8rte. In t+e s$rn& of *A?<1 8+en st)d"n& at sc+ool n El3ton1
Tenn.1 +e +ad attac3s of sc3ness1 descrbed b" /rs. -arlo81 n 8+ose
fa'l" +e 8as l2n&1 as follo8s. :ntl t+en +s +ealt+ s descrbed as +a2n&
al8a"s been &ood.
T+o)&+ at t'es +e +ad s$ells of 'ental tro)ble1 "et1 n t+e 'an1 +e 8as
E)te c+eerf)l. 6+en +e +ad been 8t+ )s abo)t t+ree 'ont+s1 +e 8as ta3en
E)te sc3 of a fl)#. %nd 8+en +e +ad so far reco2ered as to be able to be&n
to 8al31 +e 8as ta3en do8n 8t+ t"$+od fe2er1 and confned to bed a&an
for se2eral 8ee3s. ,)rn& t+s confne'ent +e 8as seNed 8t+ occasonal
con2)lsons1 affectn& at t'es +s 8+ole s"ste'1 b)t es$ecall" +s ar's1
c+est1 t+roat1 and ton&)e. -e also co'$laned terrbl" of +s +ead. Often
8o)ld +e e#cla'J
It s)rel" 8ll 3ll 'e.9 On one occason +e sadJ
/" +ead feels l3e t +as o$ened.9
Ta3n& '" +and 8t+ +s1 +e $laced t on +s +ead1 8+en1 to '"
astons+'ent1 I fo)nd 8+at a$$eared to be a se$araton of t+e bone1 nearl"
8de eno)&+ to b)r" '" lttle fn&er1 ran&n& fro' abo2e +s e"es near t+e
centre of +s fore+ead to t+e to$ of +s +ead1 and fro' t+e to$ do8n to8ards
and near to eac+ ear. T+e o$enn& ncreased n 8dt+ as t reac+ed t+e to$ of
t+e +ead. T+s condton of +s +ead I sa8 freE)entl". 6+en t+e $aro#"s's
8o)ld s)bsde1 t+e o$enn&s 8o)ld nearl" close )$.
-e +ad 'an" s'lar attac3s of t+ese $aro#"s's d)rn& t+e ne#t f2e
"ears1 acco'$aned b" ')c+ $+"scal s)ffern&. In t+e 'eant'e1 n *A?B1
+e 'arred1 and +s fa'l" conssted n *A=B of s# +ealt+" c+ldren1 of
'ore t+an ordnar" $ro'se.9 %fter reco2ern& fro' an )n)s)all" 2olent
con2)ls2e cra'$ n *A?@1 +e declared t+at t +ad been s+o8n to +' t+at
+e 8o)ld ne2er +a2e anot+er s$ell of cra'$n&.9 B)t alt+o)&+ +ii,KLJ- t+e
2olent con2)lsons a$$arentl" dd not rec)r1 +e stll s)ffered ')c+1 as
a$$ears fro' t+e follo8n& state'ent 'ade b" ,r. 6. T. T+ac+ n *A=B.
I +a2e been acE)anted 8t+ +' abo)t s#teen "ears. -e +as co'$laned
e2er snce '" acE)antance 8t+ +'1 and +e sa"s1 for a n)'ber of "ears
$re2o)s1 8t+ a contn)o)s +eadac+e1 t+o)&+ dffern& n se2ert" at
dfferent t'es1 often beco'n& e#cr)catn&G and )ntl a "ear or t8o snce
attended 8t+ 2olent lancnatn& $ans n t+e c+est1 acco'$aned 8t+ &reat
dffc)lt" of res$raton1 8+c+ ndeed I +a2e often seen s)s$ended for s)c+
a len&t+ of t'e as to nd)ce 'e to bele2e t '$ossble t+at t co)ld e2er be
restoredG at len&t+ ret)rnn& 8t+ a &)r&ln& so)nd n t+e )$$er $orton of
t+e trac+ea. In t+ese e#tre'e cases t+e $)lse s 2er" feeble1 and n freE)enc"
fro' *.> to s)c+ a celert" as to render t '$ossble to co)nt t. E#tre'tes
cold1 te'$les t+robbn& 2olentl"1 e"es s)rc+ar&ed 8t+ blood to s)c+ an
e#tent t+at freE)entl" t+e blood 8o)ld trc3le do8n t+e c+ee3s n dro$s.
T+ese $aro#"s's are attended 8t+ 2er" &reat ner2o)s e#cte'ent1 so t+at
+e cannot bear to be to)c+ed b" an" one 8t+o)t $rod)cn& a s+oc3 to t+e
s"ste' (2er" s'lar to t+at felt b" one 8+o co'es n contact 8t+ a
&al2anc batter" 8t+ consderable c+ar&e)1 8+c+ see's to ncrease t+e
alread" e#cr)catn& $an.
6t+ t+ese $aro#"s's of s)ffern& t+ere s al'ost al8a"s a $ec)lar
condton1 to 'e ne#$lcable1 and 8+c+ I 3no8 not 8+at to deno'nate1
8+c+ t+ose acE)anted 8t+ +' &enerall" call slee$19 'erel" fro' t+e
fact t+at1 8+en reco2ered fro' t+s condton1 +e s totall" &norant of an"
and e2er"t+n& t+at +as occ)rred 8+le n t+s state (e2en t+e len&t+ of t'e
t+at +as ela$sed1 not 3no8n& 8+et+er an +o)r or a 8ee3). -ence t+e na'e
of t+e (lee$n& Preac+er.9 %nd "et1 at t+e t'e1 +e see's consco)s of
e2er"t+n& t+at s &on& on aro)nd +'G and not onl" so1 b)t of 8+at s
trans$rn& at an" $ont to 8+c+ +s attenton s drected1 re&ardless of
dstance. T+e len&t+ of t+ese $aro#"s's s E)te 2arable1 e#tendn& fro' a
'o'ent to +o)rs and da"s1 d)rn& 8+c+ t'e +e &ets no nat)ral slee$G t+e
'nd to all a$$earance ben& ')c+ 'ore act2e t+an 8+en n a nor'al
condtonG ben& all t+e t'e en&a&ed n con2ersaton or 8rtn& (of 8+c+
+e does a &reat deal)1 or so'e ot+er act2e 'ental e#ercse. In t+s condton
+e freE)entl" co'$lans of +)n&er1 and $arta3es of food as at ot+er t'es.
E#ce$t n cases of $rotracted s$ells of ner2o)s slee$ (8+en +e &ets none)1 +e
)s)all" a2era&es abo)t t+ree +o)rs n t8ent"Cfo)r of nat)ral slee$G "et t+e
$+"scal 'an does not see' to s)ffer fro' loss of slee$. -e loo3s as +eart"
as an" 'an1 and 8e&+s abo)t *@? $o)nds.
T+s condton s not al8a"s attended 8t+ an )n)s)al a'o)nt of $an1
ben& often 2er" c+eerf)lG at 8+c+ t'es +e s 'ore t+an ordnarl"
co'')ncat2e.
In all of +s notes1 letters1 and 8rtn& of e2er" 3nd1 8+le n t+s
condton1 +e &nores t+e na'e of (anders.9 -s s&nat)re s 0]Y_V.9
6+le n t+ese slee$s1 f left to +'self1 +s t+o)&+ts are confned 'ostl"
to t+eolo&" or 'edcne. %nd t+o)&+ ne2er +a2n& st)ded 'edcne1 +e
see's1 8+le n t+s 'ental state1 to be 2er" con2ersant 8t+ tG )sn& t+e
tec+ncal na'es1 &2n& t+e $ro$ertes1 )ses1 &c.1 t+ereof. -e al8a"s
e#a'nes t+e sc3 8+o 'a" +a$$en to be abo)t +' 8+en n t+s state1
8t+o)t co'n& n contact 8t+ t+e $atentG 'a3n& n 8rtn& a da&noss
and $rescr$ton1 8+c+ +e 8ll )s)all" &2e1 f reE)ested. %nd I co)ld
'enton a &reat 'an" 8+o +a2e been rele2ed b" +s drectons. I +a2e
freE)entl" +ad +' to &2e 'e t+e +ii,KLK- e#act condton of $atents 8+o'
+e +ad ne2er seen1 and 8+o 8ere 'les dstant. -s $rescr$tons freE)entl"
contan 'edcnes 8+c+ cannot be $roc)red n t+s co)ntr"G 8+c+ +e
'a3es arran&e'ents to '$ortG s+o8n& +s co'$re+ens2e 2e8 of /atera
/edca n t+s $reternat)ral 8a".
/r. /tc+ell 8rtesJ
T+s $ec)lar state1 8+c+ s n2ol)ntar" n ts rec)rrence1 s not )s)all"
+eralded b" an" $re'ontons 2sble to t+ose 8+o 'a" be $resent. -e 'a"
be ta3n& $art n socal con2ersaton1 8+en all at once1 f loo3n& at +'1
"o) 8ll see +s e"elds fall and +s +ead droo$G at t+e sa'e t'e 'a3n& a
sl&+t b)t a)dble nose t+ro)&+ +s nose1 8+c+ 'a" be called a &r)nt1
)s)all" re$eated n E)c3 s)ccesson t8o or t+ree t'es1 and +e s aslee$.
T+e s$ell 'a" contn)e for a fe8 'o'entsG a E)arter1 a +alfC+o)r1 or an
+o)r1 or a n)'ber of +o)rsG a da"1 or a n&+tG or a da" and n&+tG or se2eral
da"s and n&+tsG or a 8ee31 or e2en se2eral 8ee3s1 8t+o)t an nter2al of
consco)sness.
6+en n ordnar" +ealt+1 8t+o)t bodl" fat&)e1 or an" stron& or
e#+a)stn& 'ental e#cte'ent1 +e can be easl" aro)sed to consco)sness1
8+en +e frst &oes nto t+s state1 b" &2n& +' a s+a3e or b" sla$$n& +'
8t+ t+e +and. In co'n& to consco)sness1 +e see's to be 'o'entarl"
s)r$rsedG and +s bod" s sl&+tl" affected1 as f l&+tl" s+oc3ed b" a
&al2anc batter".
6+en )nder t+e 'ore fa2o)rable condtons of bod" and 'nd1 )$on +s
&on& to slee$1 b" ''edatel" 8a3n& +' )$1 +e +as been enabled to 3ee$
a8a3e for 'an" +o)rs n s)ccesson1 t+o)&+ t+ere 8as a constant nclnaton
to &o to slee$. %s a &eneral r)le1 t+e lon&er t+e s$ells are $rotracted1 t+e
'ore ntense are +s s)ffern&s.Y
In t+ese slee$s +s e"es are &enerall" closed1 b)t t+ere are nstances n
8+c+ t+e" are as 8de o$en as 8+en a8a3e. In t+s case1 f +e s free
co'$arat2el" fro' s)ffern&1 one not acE)anted 8t+ +s $ec)lartes
8o)ld not l3el" s)s$ect t+at t+ere 8as an"t+n& )n)s)al n +s condton.
T+e slee$n& $ersonalt"9 of /r. (anders1 calln& +'self 0]Y_V19
ne2er betra"s an" sce$tcs' nor t+e sl&+test tant of +eres"19 and see's
to +a2e +eld t+e ordnar" c+ef ort+odo# doctrnes of t+e c+)rc+ to 8+c+
/r. (anders belon&ed. -e a$$arentl" 8rote a &ood dealncl)dn& letters
to ot+er $ersons1 and nstr)ctons to +s o8n nor'al self (to 8+o' +e
n2arabl" referred as '" cas3et19) and 2aro)s boo3s and $a$ers 8+c+
+a2e not been $)bls+ed1 and 8+c+ +e enDoned /r. (anders on no acco)nt
to e#+bt tll I co'e.9 T+s nD)ncton a$$ears n a 'essa&e fro' 0]Y_V5s
Valedctor" to -s Cas3et9 n /a" *A=B1 8+en +e too3 lea2e of +s
cas3et19 b)t ndcated t+at at a later $erod +e 8o)ld ret)rn. In re$l" to
nE)res n 7)l" *A@>1 /r. /tc+ell stated t+at t+e $ec)lar 'ental
ndcatons +ad rec)rred se2eral t'es d)rn& t+e $re2o)s e&+teen 'ont+s.
T+e se$araton of t+e cranal bones referred to b" se2eral 8tnesses s a
c)ro)s feat)re of t+e case1 and n re$l" to a s$ecal nE)r"1 /r. /tc+ell
states t+at 8+en t+e $atent5s +ead 8as &reatl" affected 8t+ $an t+e
s)t)res 8o)ld se$arate1 b)t n so'e nstances1 8+en t+e s)ffern& 8as sl&+t
8+le +e 8as n one of +s $ec)lar states1 t+e s)t)res 8ere not 2sbl"
se$arated.9
+ii,KLL-
T+e nor'al /r. (anders +ad no recollecton of an"t+n& occ)rrn& n +s
slee$9 state1 b)t 0]Y_V see's to +a2e +ad entre consco)sness of /r.
(anders1 or of +s Hcas3et1I as +e al8a"s called +'.9
-"$erFst+esa '&+t be n2o3ed as an e#$lanaton to acco)nt for a fe8
of t+e a$$arentl" s)$ernor'al ncdents recorded1 s)c+ as s+ootn& a rfle
ball t+ro)&+ a +at 2er" near t+e centre9 at t+e dstance of fort" "ards at
n&+t 8+en ,r. T+ac+1 8+o descrbes t+e ncdent1 co)ld not e2en see t+e
s&+ts of t+e &)n. ()c+ an e#$lanaton '&+t also be stretc+ed to co2er t+e
cases of readn& boo3s and 8rtn& on $a$er )nder co2er1 allo8n& for a
'ar&n of 'alobser2aton or 'sdescr$ton b" t+e 8tnesses. It 8o)ld1
+o8e2er1 be E)te nadeE)ate to acco)nt for t+e b)l3 of t+e 'anfestatons
recorded. T+e cases on t+e 8+ole s)&&est t+e acton of telFst+esa rat+er
t+an tele$at+"1 alt+o)&+ tele$at+" '&+t be e#tended to a$$l" to 'ost of
t+e'1 as1 for e#a'$le1 +s occasonal 3no8led&e of con2ersatons and
scenes occ)rrn& else8+ere1 or of letters 8rtten or ser'ons $reac+ed at a
dstance.
*
-e +'self1 +o8e2er1 descrbed s)c+ 'atters as f seen& or
+earn& t+e' drectl". I no8 E)ote t+e detals of a fe8 cases n ll)straton
of t+e s)$ernor'al $o8ers of 0]Y_V.9
/r. 7o+n 6. Pr)t &2es t+e follo8n& acco)nt.
/ERI,I%!VILLE1 %L%.1 2ay =th, *A=B.
I certf" t+at one da" abo)t t+e 'ddle of t+e 'ont+ of 4ebr)ar" *ABB1
8+le Brot+er (anders 8as confned to +s bed fro' +s dslocated t+&+1 I
8as at +s +o)se1 and +e 8as l"n& n +s bed and n one of +s soCcalled
slee$s.9 -e attracted '" attenton b" a +eart" la)&+.
I as3ed +' t+e ca)se of +s a')se'ent.
-e re$led1 I 8as la)&+n& at ,e 6tt.9
I as3ed 8+at ,e 6tt 8as don&.
-e sad1 -e 8as +a2n& a +ard sc)ffle to 3ee$ fro' falln& off t+e
fence1 for t+e to$ ral 8as t)rnn& 8t+ +' and +e 8as tr"n& to 3ee$ fro'
falln& o2er t.9
!ot+n& 'ore 8as sad on t+e s)bDect )ntl ,e 6tt arr2ed1 8+c+ 8as
n ten or ffteen 'n)tes.
T+e fence 8+ere t+e dffc)lt" occ)rred 8as fro' t+reeCfo)rt+s to a 'le
dstant1 on t+e ot+er sde of a t+c3 &ro2e of t'ber and )nderbr)s+1 and of
an nter2enn& +ll.
%nd I f)rt+er certf" t+at no co'')ncaton fro' an" $erson or so)rce
8as rece2ed n reference to ,e 6tt )ntl +e arr2ed and confr'ed 8+at (.
sad.
7. 6. PR:IT.
/r. ,e 6tt &2es a concordant acco)nt1 e#$lann& t+e tro)ble +e +ad
n &ettn& o2er t+e fence 8t+ a sac3 of $ease n one +and and a bo8l of
c)stard n t+e ot+er1 and referrn& to t+e 3no8led&e of t+e ncdent s+o8n on
+s arr2al b" /r. (anders.
Varo)s cases are descrbed of /r. (anders5 fndn& lost artcles1s)c+
+ii,KLM- as dollarCblls1 cons1 a 8atc+ c+an1 a b)nc+ of 3e"s1or
s$ecf"n& correctl" 8+ere t+e" 8o)ld be fo)nd. I &2e an nstance. /r.
Bentle" 8rtesJ
(T%TE O4 %L%.1 /%,I(O! Co.1
/ERI,I%!VILLE1 2ay *>th, *A=B.
In *AB=1 I l2ed t8o and a +alf 'les east of t+s 2lla&e1 on 8+at s
3no8n as t+e -arrs $lace1 on t+e ot+er sde of Brer 4or3 Cree3G and 8as
en&a&ed n selln& &oods n t+s $lace1 s$endn& t+e n&+ts at +o'e.
(o'e t'e d)rn& t+e s)''er a b)nc+ of 3e"s1 a'on& 8+c+ 8as '"
8+eatC&arner 3e"1 8as lost. %fter a la$se of abo)t one 8ee3 I reE)ested /r.
6lla' 6+te1 8+o 8as e'$lo"ed n t+e store and boarded at Re2. C. B.
(anders5 n t+e 2lla&e1 on &on& to +s dnner1 to as3 +' to tell 'e 8+ere
'" 3e"s 8ere. On +s ret)rn /r. 6+te sad +e 'ade t+e reE)est1 b)t /r.
(anders $ad no attenton to 8+at +e sad1 +e ben& n one of +s s$ells.
-o8e2er1 d)rn& t+e sa'e afternoon1 8+le '" "o)n&er sster1 n co'$an"
8t+ ot+er $ersons1 8as at +s +o)se1 +e told +er t+at '" 3e"s 8ere )nder
t+e ste$s at t+e 8est door of '" d8elln&. In conseE)ence of t+s
nfor'aton I ret)rned +o'e earler t+an )s)al. %s soon as I arr2ed I told
'" 8fe 8+at I +ad +eard. (+e ran ''edatel" and fo)nd t+e 3e"s )nder
t+e doorCste$1 D)st as /r. (anders +ad sad1 and so'e8+at r)st". T+e" ')st
+a2e been t+ro8n t+ere a 8ee3 before b" a lttle c+ld t+at $la"ed abo)t t+e
+o)se.
I add t+at I 3no8 /r. (anders +ad not been n '" +o)se nor on t+e $lace
for at least t8el2e 'ont+s before t+at t'e.
%. 7. BE!TLEY.
6e1 t+e )nders&ned1 certf" t+at t+e abo2e state'ents are tr)e as far as
t+e" relate to )s $ersonall"1 and t+at 8e +eard all t+e $artc)lars1 as abo2e
'entoned1 at t+e t'e t+e" occ)rred.
/rs. 7O(EP-I!E E. BE!TLEY.
/ss /%RY %. BE!TLEY.
(e2eral cases are &2en of +s s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e of accdents
occ)rrn& to dstant $ersons1 s)c+ as t+e st)'bln& of a lad" carr"n& so'e
boln&C+ot 8ater1 and t+e scaldn& of +er ar' n conseE)ence (t+e ncdent
occ)rrn& n anot+er (tate)G +e also &a2e a descr$ton of nD)res to anot+er
lad" (t+rt"Cf2e 'les dstant) fro' a l&+tnn& stro3e1 at t+e t'e of t+e
occ)rrence. -s acco)nt of a fre n (alsb)r"1 !.C.1 8t+ a descr$ton of
t+e tnCs+o$ n 8+c+ t bro3e o)t1 and t+e e#tent of ts ra2a&es19 re'nds
one of t+e ncdent of (8edenbor&5s descr$ton of t+e fre at (toc3+ol'
8+en +e 8as at Gottenb)r& (see 93' A).
(e2eral cases are also recorded of +s 3no8led&e t+at a dstant $erson
8as D)st d"n& or dead. I E)ote one of t+eseJ
On t+e sa'e n&+t +e re2ealed t+e $lace of t+e lost &old con1 as before
related1 and $er+a$s abo)t one +o)r after8ards1 ,r. Blar1 '" 8fe1 and
'"self ben& $resent1 /r. (anders too3 +s seat at t+e front 8ndo8 of t+e
$arlo)r. O)r attenton 8as attracted b" 'anfestatons of s"'$at+"1 sadness1
and dstress fro' +'1 acco'$aned b" s)c+ e#$ressons as Poor fello8Z
6+at a $t"Z9 -e contn)ed to re$eat t+e'1 alternated 8t+ nartc)late
e#$ressons of ntense e'oton for a s+ort t'eI 8o)ld sa" fro' one to
se2eral +ii,KLN- 'n)tes. T+en +e sad1 as 8ell as I re'e'ber1 -e s &oneZ
&oneZ &oneZ9 closn& n a sole'n 8+s$er. T+ere 8as for a s+ort t'e a
slence and stllness1 s)c+ as )s)all" s 8tnessed at t+e closn& scene of a
d"n& frend1 8+c+ 8as bro3en b" '" as3n& +' t+e ca)se of t+ese
'anfestatons. 6e 8ere E)te s+oc3ed on +earn& +s re$l" t+at Le)tenant
/cCl)re +as D)st ded s)ddenl" fro' an nternal +F'orr+a&e1 near
Clar3es2lle1 Tennessee.9
6e a$$end t+e follo8n& factsJ Le)tenant Robert /cCl)re so'e fe8
'ont+s $re2o)s +ad 'arred /ss Patte1 da)&+ter of R. 6. Vasser1
deceased (lon& a $ro'nent ctNen and 'erc+ant n t+s $lace)1 and +ad1 a
fe8 da"s before t+s1 &one on a 2st to +s fat+er1 8+ose resdence 8as t+en1
and stll s1 n t+e ''edate 2cnt" of Clar3es2lle1 Tennessee1 abo)t fort"
'les belo8 !as+2lle1 +a2n& left +s 8fe at +er 'ot+er5s1 as +e e#$ected
to 'a3e a fl"n& tr$. On t+e ne#t 'ornn& after /r. (anders5 de2elo$'ent1
abo2e 8rtten1 a tele&ra' 8as rece2ed fro' Clar3es2lle brn&n& to +s
"o)n& brde t+e )ne#$ected and 'elanc+ol" ne8s of +er +)sband5s s)dden
deat+. %nd t confr'ed1 n e2er" crc)'stance1 8+at /r. (anders +ad
stated t+e n&+t before. Clar3es2lle1 Tennessee1 viF !as+2lle1 s nearl" one
+)ndred and fft" 'les dstant fro' %t+ens1 %la.
% recent letter1 fro' a lad" 8+o 8as $resent1 states t+at Le)tenant
/cCl)re ded on 6ednesda" n&+t1 bet8een e&+t and nne o5cloc31 t+e .nd
of !o2e'ber *ABB. -e 8as sttn& n +er roo'1 readn& alo)d a boo3G +ad a
$aro#"s' of co)&+n&1 and re'ar3ed to +er t+at t 8as blood t+at +e s$t
o)t. (+e $)t +er babe do8n1 8+c+ s+e 8as n)rsn&1 and asssted +' n
sttn& do8n1 for +e +ad arsen to +s feet. (+e t+n3s +e dd not breat+e after
ben& seated.
%fter 8rtn& t+ese last t8o cases1 I rece2ed t+e follo8n& test'on"
fro' 7. (. Blar1 /.,.
G. 6. /ITC-ELL.
/r. /tc+ell adds t+e corroborat2e test'on" of ,r. Blar.
T+e last acco)nt 8+c+ I E)ote s of an ncdent 8+c+ occ)rred ')c+
later t+an t+ose recorded n t+e boo3 b" /r. /tc+ell. %n acco)nt of t 8as
sent to ,r. -od&son b" /r. /tc+ell1 n a letter of 4ebr)ar" *A@*1 8+c+
a&rees 8t+ 8+at follo8s fro' t+e 8tnesses t+e'sel2esJ
BO,E!-%/1 GILE( Co.1 TE!!.1 2ay .=1 *A@*.
6e1 t+e )nders&ned1 certf" t+at on (at)rda" n&+t1 %)&)st t+e L.<t+M1
*AA@1 Re2. C. B. (anders1 8+o 8as +oldn& a $rotracted 'eetn& 8t+ o)r
$astor1 Re2. G. 6. /tc+ell1 at /t. /ora+ C+)rc+1 re$ared to o)r +o)se1
8+ere t+e" (t+e $reac+ers) lod&ed. /r. (anders 8as s)ffern& consderable
$an n +s +ead and c+est1 and l"n& )$on a bed1 and after +o)rs s$ent n
con2ersaton and sn&n& rel&o)s son&s1 and 8+le /r. /tc+ell 8as
te'$orarl" absent8e t+n3 t 8as abo)t ele2en o5cloc31 or later+e sad1
8t+ e2dent a')se'ent1 -)'$+Z Brot+er 4ors"t+e1 l3e a c+ld1 3nelt
do8n to $ra" and +as &one to slee$.9 /rs. 6+eeler sad to +'1 -o8 do
"o) 3no8W9 -e re$led1 C+ld1 "o) as3 too 'an" E)estons.9
On t+at n&+t1 before /r. (anders ds'ssed t+e con&re&aton1 +e
$ro$osed t+at all 8+o 8o)ld Don n $ra"n& for t+e $entents )ntl 'dn&+t
to 'a3e t 3no8n b" rsn& to t+er feet. To 8+c+ ,eacon 4ors"t+e 8as a
res$ondent. /r. 4ors"t+e l2ed abo)t t8o 'les on an ar lne fro' o)r
+o'e.Y
GEO. E. 6-EELER.
/rs. GEO. E. 6-EELER.
+ii,KLO-
6%LE(1 TE!!.1 2ay .A1 *A@*.
I1 t+e )nders&ned1 +ereb" certf" t+at on t+e n&+t of t+e L.<t+M of
%)&)st *AA@1 I dd 3neel at '" c+ar for $ra"er1 n '" o8n +o)se1 bet8een
t+e +o)rs of ele2en and t8el2e o5cloc31 and +a2n& been labo)rn& da" and
n&+t for a 8ee3 $ast1 and ben& E)te 8ear"1 n a s+ort t'e I 8ent to slee$.
I 8ent to c+)rc+ ne#t 'ornn&1 and ,eacon Lon& and '"self 8ere as3ed b"
a brot+er f 8e co'$led 8t+ o)r $led&e last n&+t. I re$led t+at I dd not
f)ll"1 as I 8ent to slee$ on '" 3nees a s+ort t'e before t+e t'e e#$red.Y
I +ad not +eard t+en 8+at /r. (anders +ad sad abo)t 'e at /r.
6+eeler5s. 6+en 8e &ot to t+e c+)rc+ door1 /r. 6+eeler 8as telln& t+e
ncdent t+at too3 $lace at +s +o)se on t+e n&+t before1 as +a2n& occ)rred
abo)t t+e t'e I 8ent to slee$.
R. -. 4OR(YT-E.
/r. /tc+ell 8rtes n 7)l" *@>.1 t+at +e +as not been notfed t+at /r.
(anders +as +ad an" recent co'')ncatons fro' 0]Y_V.9
93' A . 4or Rant5s e2dence n re&ard to t+e s)$ernor'al $o8ers of
(8edenbor&1 see *reams o$ a Spirit Seer, b" I''an)el Rant1 translated b"
E. 4. Goer8tNG edted b" 4ran3 (e8all (LondonJ (8an (onnensc+en &
Co.G !e8 Yor3J T+e /ac'llan Co'$an"1 *@>>).
T+e t+ree 'ost fa'o)s cases areJ (*) (8edenbor&5s co'')ncaton to
t+e X)een of (8eden of so'e secret nfor'aton1 8+c+ s+e +ad as3ed +'
for1 and bele2ed t+at no l2n& +)'an ben& co)ld +a2e told +'. (.) T+e
8do8 of t+e ,)tc+ %'bassador at (toc3+ol' 8as called )$on b" a
&olds't+ to $a" for a sl2er ser2ce 8+c+ +er +)sband +ad $)rc+ased. (+e
bele2ed t+at t +ad been $ad for1 b)t co)ld not fnd t+e rece$tG so s+e
be&&ed (8edenbor& to as3 +er +)sband 8+ere t 8as. T+ree da"s later +e
ca'e to +er +o)se and nfor'ed +er n t+e $resence of so'e 2stors t+at +e
+ad con2ersed 8t+ +er +)sband1 and +ad learnt fro' +' t+at t+e debt +ad
been $ad1 and t+e rece$t 8as n a b)rea) n an )$stars roo'. T+e s$rt
+ad sad t+at after $)lln& o)t t+e leftC+and dra8er a board 8o)ld a$$ear1
and on dra8n& o)t t+s a secret co'$art'ent 8o)ld be dsclosed1
contann& +s $r2ate ,)tc+ corres$ondence and t+e rece$t. T+e 8+ole
co'$an" 8ent )$stars and t+e $a$ers 8ere fo)nd1 as descrbed1 n t+e
secret co'$art'ent1 of 8+c+ no one +ad 3no8n before.
(;) In (e$te'ber1 *=?@1 at fo)r o5cloc3 on a (at)rda" afternoon1
(8edenbor& arr2ed at Gottenb)r& fro' En&land1 and 8as n2ted b" a
frend to +s +o)se. T8o +o)rs after +e 8ent o)t and t+en ca'e bac3 and
nfor'ed t+e co'$an" t+at a dan&ero)s fre +ad D)st bro3en o)t n
(toc3+ol' (8+c+ s abo)t fft" Ger'an 'les fro' Gottenb)r&)1 and t+at t
8as s$readn& fast. -e 8as restless and 8ent o)t often. -e sad t+at t+e
+o)se of one of +s frends1 8+o' +e na'ed1 8as alread" n as+es1 and t+at
+s o8n 8as n dan&er. %t e&+t o5cloc31 after +e +ad been o)t a&an1 +e
declared t+at t+e fre 8as e#tn&)s+ed at t+e t+rd door fro' +s +o)se. T+s
ne8s occasoned &reat co''oton t+ro)&+o)t t+e 8+ole ct"1 and 8as
anno)nced to t+e Go2ernor t+e sa'e e2enn&. +ii,KMP- On ()nda" 'ornn&
(8edenbor& 8as s)''oned to t+e Go2ernor1 8+o E)estoned +' abo)t t+e
dsaster. -e descrbed t+e fre $recsel"1 +o8 t +ad be&)n and n 8+at
'anner t +ad ceased1 and +o8 lon& t +ad contn)ed. On /onda" e2enn& a
'essen&er arr2ed at Gottenb)r&1 8+o +ad been des$atc+ed b" t+e Board of
Trade d)rn& t+e t'e of t+e fre. In t+e letters bro)&+t b" +'1 t+e fre 8as
descrbed $recsel" as stated b" (8edenbor&1 and ne#t 'ornn& t+e ne8s
8as f)rt+er confr'ed b" nfor'aton bro)&+t to t+e Go2ernor b" t+e Ro"al
Co)rer. %s (8edenbor& +ad sad1 t+e fre +ad been e#tn&)s+ed at e&+t
o5cloc3.
T+ese cases are &2en n Rant5s letter to 4rS)len C+arlotte 2on
Rnobloc+1 8+c+ s E)oted n %$$end# II. of *reams o$ a Spirit Seer, t+e
or&nal letter ben& contaned n Boro8s3"5s *arsteung des .ebens und
CharaBters (mmanues Uant, RTn&sber&1 *A><1 $$. .** to ..?.
(ee also *ocuments concerning S#edenborg, b" R. L. Tafel.
93' B . 4ra) 4rederca -a)ffe1 better 3no8n as t+e (eeress of
Pre2orst19 8as one of t+e 'ost noted of t+e &ro)$ of so'na'b)les 8+o
flo)rs+ed n Ger'an" n t+e earl" $art of t+e nneteent+ cent)r". % +stor"
of +er trances 8as $)bls+ed soon after +er deat+ b" 7)stn)s Rerner1a
8ellC3no8n $oet and $+"scan to 8+o' s+e +ad co'e for 'a&netc9
treat'ent1)nder t+e ttle of *ie Seherin von &revorstV 8re$$nungen Rber
das innere .eben des 2enschen und Rber das 'ereinragen einer
:eister#et in die Wnsere ((t)tt&art )nd Tqbn&en1 *A.@).
*
It 8as cla'ed
t+at t+e (eeress $ossessed s)$ernor'al $o8ers of 2son1 bot+ of dstant
scenes and of t+e f)t)reG s+e 8as s)$$osed to see and con2erse 8t+
dscarnate s$rts1 8+o &a2e +er nfor'aton on t+er affars and fa'l"
+stor"1 and $+"scal $+eno'ena 8ere obser2ed n +er $resence. T+e
e2dence1 +o8e2er1 for +er s)$ernor'al $o8ers 8as 8+at 8o)ld no8 be
consdered E)te nadeE)ate. (+e e#cted e2en &reater nterest b" +er
s)$$osed re2elatons of t+n&s s$rt)al. T+ese re2elatons for'ed t+e st)d"
of GTrres1 Esc+en'a"er1 and ot+er 'e'bers of a crcle of '"stcs1 and 8ere
e#$o)nded b" t+e' n t+e )@tter aus &revorst, of 8+c+ se2eral 2ol)'es
a$$eared fro' *A;* on8ards. Besdes t+e doctrne'ore or less co''on
to all t+e '"stcs of t+e t'eof t+e t+reefold nat)re of 'an1 t+e
re2elatons of t+e (eeress ncl)ded descr$tons of certan ntrcate s"ste's
of crclesdes&nated res$ect2el" ()nCCrcles and LfeCCrcles8+c+
re$resented s"'bolcall" s$rt)al condtons and t+e $assa&e of t'e.
,a&ra's of t+ese are &2en n Rerner5s 8or3. T+er nter$retaton 8as
f)rns+ed $artl" b" c"$+ers1 $artl" b" 8ords of t+e s)$$osed $r't2e
)n2ersal lan&)a&e 8rtten n t+e $r't2e deo&ra$+s. T+ese +a2e so'e
rese'blance to -ebre8 c+aracters1 and t+e +ii,KMG- (eeress +erself
co'$ared t+e lan&)a&e to -ebre81 and 'antaned t+at t rese'bled t+e
lan&)a&e act)all" s$o3en n t+e t'e of 7acob1 and t+at t 8as t+e co''on
lan&)a&e of t+e nner lfe. (+e freE)entl" s$o3e t n +er trances1 and t s
asserted t+at s+e 8as E)te consstent n +er )se of t+e 8ords. It 8as
s)$$osed to be t+e $r't2e !at)reCs$eec+1 8+c+ 8as lost and for&otten
8t+ t+e co'n& of sn1 b)t so'et+n& of 8+c+ can be reco2ered n rare
states of e#altaton. T+ere are1 of co)rse1 'an" ot+er nstances of t+s t"$e
of s)$$osed lan&)a&es1e.g. t+e )n3no8n ton&)es s$o3en n Ed8ard
Ir2n&5s c+)rc+1
*
and t+e /artan and ot+er lan&)a&es of /
lle
-UlPne ('t+
(see )3* ).
93' C . T+e follo8n& s anot+er case of ecstas"1 8+c+ 8as re$orted to
)s alon& 8t+ a seres of ncdents s)&&estn& an )nseen $rotecton or
&)dance. T+e narrator1 /r. 7. 6. (3lton1 8as a ral8a" en&neer1 resdn&
at 7ac3son2lle1 4lorda1 :.(.%.1 8+o +ad se2eral t'es +ad 2erdcal drea's
or '$ressons1 8+c+ n so'e cases sa2ed +'self and +s tran fro'
sero)s accdents. One of t+esea $re'onton of an accdent8as
$)bls+ed n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ;;;1 and f)rt+er cases n 2ol. #.
$$. ??@K?B=. I E)ote fro' 2ol. #. $. ?B>. /r. (3lton5s narrat2e s dated
!o2e'ber *>t+1 *A@>.
I 8o)ld sa" t+at I +a2e been en&a&ed a &reat $art of '" lfe as a
loco'ot2e en&neer1 and t+s +a$$ened 8+le en&a&ed n t+at b)sness. I
8as en&a&ed 8t+ t8o ot+er 'en one da" abo)t t8o o5cloc3 P./. n ta3n&
o)t so'e e2er&reen trees fro' a bo# car to ta3e +o'e and set o)tG t+e" 8ere
lar&e and +ea2"G I +ad to r)n t+e car )$ on t+e s8tc+ rals to &et t+e' o)tG
b)t as t+ere 8as no tran d)e tll fort" 'n)tes I 8o)ld +a2e $lent" of t'e
to &et t+e' o)t1 and $)s+ t+e car bac3 o)t of t+e 8a". T+ere +ad been a
&reat deal of ot+er fre&+t $)t n t+e car after 'ne 8as1 so t 8as necessar"
to ta3e o)t so'e of t before I co)ld &et at 'ne. I o$ened t+e car door1 and a
barrel of e&&s fell o)t on t+e &ro)nd1 and D)st at t+at nstant I sa8 a 'ed)'C
sNed $erson standn& at '" r&+t +and clot+ed n 8+te 8t+ a br&+t
co)ntenance1 bea'n& 8t+ ntell&ence. I 3ne8 8+at +e 8anted n an
nstant1 alt+o)&+ +e $)t +s +and on '" s+o)lder and sad1 Co'e 8t+ 'e.9
6e 'o2ed )$8ard1 and a lttle to t+e so)t+Ceast1 8t+ t+e s$eed of l&+tnn&1
as t 8ereG I co)ld see t+e +lls1 trees1 b)ldn&s1 and roads as 8e 8ent )$
sde b" sde tll t+e" 2ans+ed o)t of o)r s&+t. %s 8e $assed on1 t+s
&loro)s ben& t+at 8as 8t+ 'e told 'e +e 8as &on& to s+o8 'e t+at
br&+t +ea2enl" 8orld. 6e soon ca'e to a 8orld of l&+t and bea)t"1 'an"
t+o)sand t'es lar&er t+an t+s eart+1 8t+ at least fo)r t'es as ')c+ l&+t.
T+e bea)tes of t+s $lace 8ere be"ond an" +)'an ben& to descrbe. I 8as
seated b" t+e tree of lfe on a sE)are b)nc+ of 8+at a$$eared to be a &reen
2el2et 'oss1 abo)t e&+teen nc+es +&+G t+ere I sa8 'an" t+o)sand s$rts
clot+ed n 8+te1 and sn&n& t+e +ea2enl" son&s1 and I co)ld t+n3 of b)t
one 2erse t+at I +ad e2er +eard t+at 8o)ld do D)stce to t+s +ea2enl" ')sc1
and t+at s t+sJ -ar3Z 8+at s8eet ')sc1 8+at a son& (o)nds fro' t+e
br&+t1 celestal t+ron&Z9 for t 8as t+e s8eetest son& I +a2e e2er +eard. I
+ere told '" attendant t+at t 8as t+e frst +ii,KMH- t'e I +ad e2er been
$erfectl" at rest n '" lfe. T+e" dd not con2erse b" so)nd1 b)t eac+ 3ne8
t+e ot+er5s t+o)&+ts at t+e nstant1 and con2ersaton 8as carred on n t+at
8a"1 and also 8t+ 'e.
%fter 2e8n& t+e 8onderf)l bea)tes of t+e $lace for so'e t'e1 and t+e
t+o)sands of s$rts1 robed n s$otless 8+te1 $assn& t+ro)&+ t+e ar1 for
t+e" dd not confne t+e'sel2es to t+e s)rface1 b)t 8ent e2er" drecton as
t+e" $leased1 I 8anted to see '" dear 'ot+er1 t8o ssters1 and a c+ld of
'ne t+at +ad ded so'e t'e before t+s. T+e reE)est 8as &ranted at once1
b)t I 8as not allo8ed to con2erse 8t+ t+e'. T+e" 8ere standn& n a ro8 n
front of 'e1 and I loo3ed at t+e' and cooll" est'ated t+e dstance 8e 8ere
a$art at t+rt" feet1 and 8ondered +o8 t+ese t+n&s co)ld be. T+e" see'ed
2er" ')c+ $leased to see 'e1 and I s+all ne2er for&et +o8 t+e" 8elco'ed
'e 8+en I frst sa8 t+e'1 alt+o)&+ no con2ersaton $assed. %bo)t t+s t'e
'" attendant told 'e 8e ')st &o bac3G I 8s+ed to sta"1 b)t +e told 'e '"
t'e +ad not co'e "et1 b)t 8o)ld n d)e t'e1 and t+at I s+o)ld 8at 8t+
$atence. %t t+s 8e started bac31 and 8ere soon o)t of s&+t of t+at
+ea2enl" land. 6+en 8e ca'e n s&+t of t+s 8orld1 I sa8 e2er"t+n& as t
loo3ed fro' a &reat +e&+t1 s)c+ as trees1 b)ldn&s1 +lls1 roads1 and
strea's1 as nat)ral as co)ld be1 tll 8e ca'e to t+e car t+at I +ad o$ened t+e
door of1 and I fo)nd '"self t+ere n t+e bod"1 and +e 2ans+ed o)t of '"
s&+t. I s$o3e t+en (D)st as I o$ened '" 8atc+ and fo)nd t +ad been D)st
t8ent"Cs# 'n)tes t+at I +ad been en&a&ed 8t+ t+at '"stero)s one)1 and
sad I t+o)&+t I +ad left t+s 8orld for &ood. One of t+e 'en sad1 T+ere s
so'et+n& t+e 'atter 8t+ "o) e2er snce "o) o$ened t+e car doorG 8e +a2e
not been able to &et a 8ord o)t of "o)19 and t+at I +ad done all t+e 8or3 of
ta3n& o)t e2er"t+n& and $)ttn& t bac3 nto t+e car1 and one te' 8as
e&+t barrels of flo)r I +ad ta3en off t+e &ro)nd alone and $)t t+e' bac3 n
t+e car1 t+ree feet and a +alf +&+1 8t+ all t+e ease of a &ant. I told t+e'
8+ere I +ad been and 8+at I +ad seen1 b)t t+e" +ad seen no one.
T+s I co)nt t+e br&+test da" of '" lfe1 and 8+at I sa8 s 8ort+ a lfeC
t'e of +ards+$ and tol. Ben& n &ood +ealt+1 and n '" r&+t 'nd n
'dCda"1 8+le b)s" abo)t '" 8or31 and '" 'nd not 'ore t+an ordnarl"
en&a&ed on t+e &reat s)bDect of eternal lfe1 I consder t+s a 'ost
e#traordnar" ncdent. I 8as told b" t+s '"stero)s $erson t+at f 8e are
co)nted 8ort+" at deat+1 8e s+all be acco'$aned to t+at br&+t 8orld b"
one of t+ose &loro)s ben&s1 and t+s s '" fr' belef.
/r. (3lton 8rtes to 'e t+at +e +as ne2er +ad an" trance sa2e t+s
8+c+ +e re&ards as 8ort+ a lfet'e of +ards+$ and tol.9
%s I +a2e else8+ere sad1 I nclne to bele2e t+at ecstas" s t+e +&+est
condton nto 8+c+ a s$rt stll ncarnate can $ass. T+e soCcalled ecstas"
of +"stera I re&ard as 'erel" an nstance of t+e '$erfect s')latons of
2aro)s $s"c+cal states 8+c+ t+e dsnte&rated $ersonalt" of t+e +"sterc
readl" affords. Tr)e ecstas" I re&ard as a condton 8+ere t+e centre of
consco)sness c+an&es fro' t+e s)$ral'nal to t+e s)bl'nal self1 and
realses t+e transcendental en2ron'ent n $lace of t+e 'ateral. T+e
re'nscence of s)c+ a 'o'entar" enl&+ten'ent I re&ard as ne2tabl"
conf)sed and colo)red b" $reCe#stn& s)$ral'nal notons. I no 'ore
acce$t /r. (3lton5s $ct)re of t+e )nseen 8orld as e#act t+an I acce$t
(8edenbor&5sG b)t I nclne to bele2e t+at bot+ al3e 8ere n tr)t+ +ii,KMI-
e#alted nto an nteror condton19 8+ere t+er $erce$ton of t+e Cos'os1
t+o)&+ less dstnct and ntell&ble1 8as 8der and $rofo)nder t+an o)r
o8n.
93* A . LT+e frst 2ol)'e of %l$+onse Ca+a&net5s Arcanes de a vie
$uture devoi;s 8as $)bls+ed at Pars n *A<A1 and t+e second1 re$ortn& +s
sttn&s 8t+ %dPle /a&not1 n *A<@. T+s 'ed)' +ad been lon& 3no8n to
+'G s+e +ad been a nat)ral so'na'b)lst fro' +er c+ld+ood1 and +e +ad
'a&netsed9 +er to $)t a sto$ to t+e s$ontaneo)s attac3s 8+c+ 8ere
'$arn& +er +ealt+. -e fo)nd +er an e#cellent clar2o"ant1 es$ecall" for
t+e da&noss and c)re of dseases. Later1 s+e 8as c+efl" cons)lted b"
$ersons 8+o 8s+ed for nter2e8s 8t+ deceased frends. It a$$ears t+at
Ca+a&net too3 &reat care to re$ort t+e co'')ncatons1 and to obtan s&ned
attestatons fro' 8tnesses1 so t+at t+e case stands on a ')c+ +&+er
e2dental le2el t+an 'ost earl" records of clar2o"ants. %n acco)nt of
Ca+a&net5s 8or31 E)otn& t+e records of so'e of t+e best cases1 s &2en n
an artcle b" /r. 4. Pod'ore (n 8+c+ +e co'$ares t+e trance
$erfor'ances of %dPle 8t+ t+ose of /rs. P$er) n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
#2. $. ?>1 and I &2e belo8 so'e e#tracts fro' t+s artcle.M
T+e follo8n& (sa"s /r. Pod'ore) are a fe8 re$resentat2e recordsJ
!o. *.@./. Petet as3s for /. 7Urb'e Petet. %dPle sees a "o)n& 'an1
abo)t t8ent"Cfo)r or t8ent"Cs# "ears of a&e (+e 8as t+rt")1 not so tall as
+s brot+er no8 $resentG a)b)rn +ar1 rat+er lon&G o$en fore+ead1 arc+ed and
2er" $rono)nced e"ebro8sG bro8n and rat+er s)n3en e"esG nose rat+er lon&1
$rett" 8ell for'edG co'$le#on fres+1 s3n 2er" 8+te and delcateG
'ed)'CsNed 'o)t+1 ro)nd d'$led c+n. -e 8as 8ea3 n t+e c+estG +e
8o)ld +a2e been 2er" stron& +ad t not been for t+s. -e 8ears a ro)&+ &re"
2est1 b)ttons 8t+ a s+an3 and e"e s)c+ as are no lon&er 8orn. I do not t+n3
t+e" are brass ones1 nor of t+e sa'e st)ff as t+e 2est. T+e" don5t loo3 to 'e
2er" br&+t. -s $antaloons are of a dar3 colo)r1 and +e 8ears lo8 E)artered
s+oes 8t+o)t an" nste$.
T+s 'an 8as of a st)bborn ds$oston1 selfs+1 8t+o)t an" fne
feeln&s1 +ad a snster loo31 8as not 2er" co'')ncat2e1 de2od of
cando)r1 and +ad b)t lttle affecton for an" one. -e +ad s)ffered 8t+ +s
+eart. -s deat+ 8as nat)ral1 b)t s)dden. -e ded of s)ffocaton.9 %dPle
c+o3es as t+s 'an c+o3ed1 and co)&+ed as +e dd. (+e sa"s t+at +e ')st
+a2e +ad 'o#as or a $laster a$$led to +s bac31 and t+s acco)nts for t+e
sore I see t+ere. -e +ad no dsease1 +o8e2er1 n t+at $art. T+e s$ne 8as
so)nd. T+ose 8+o a$$led t+s re'ed" dd not 3no8 t+e seat of t+e dsease.
-e +olds +'self badl". -s bac3 s ro)nd 8t+o)t ben& +)'$ed.9
/. Petet fnds not+n& to alter n t+ese detals1 8+c+ are 2er" e#act1
and confr' +' n +s belef t+at t+e a$$lcaton of t+s $laster1 ad2sed b"
a 'an 8+o 8as not a doctor1 bro)&+t on +s brot+er5s deat+1 8+c+ 8as
al'ost s)dden.
(&ned t+e $resent re$ort as 2er" e#act.
PETIET1
*@ R)e !e)2eCCoE)enard.9
+ii,KMJ-
Note.T+e b)ttons t+at %dPle 8as )nable to descrbe 8ere of 'etal1 a
drt" 8+te &ro)nd1 and s)rro)nded b" a bl)e crcle. In t+s a$$arton t+ere
s a re'ar3able fact to be noted2N.1 t+at %dPle e#$erenced t+e sa'e 3nd
of llness as t+s 'an. I 8as obl&ed to release +er b" $assesG s+e s)ffered
terrbl".
!o. **=./. d) Potet La 8ellC3no8n 8rter on %n'al /a&nets'M
8s+es to call )$ /. ,)bos1 a doctor1 a frend of +s 8+o +ad been dead
abo)t ffteen 'ont+s.
%dPle sadJ I see a &re"C+eaded 'an1 +e +as 2er" lttle +ar on t+e front
of +s +eadG +s fore+ead s bare and $ro'nent at t+e te'$les1 'a3n& +s
+ead a$$ear sE)are. -e 'a" be abo)t s#t" "ears of a&e. -e +as t8o
8rn3les on et+er sde of +s c+ee3s1 a crease )nder +s c+n1 'a3n& t loo3
do)bleG +e s s+ortCnec3ed and st)'$"G +as s'all e"es1 a t+c3 nose1 a rat+er
lar&e 'o)t+1 a flat c+n1 and s'all t+n +ands. -e does not loo3 to 'e E)te
so tall as /. d) PotetG f +e s not sto)ter1 +e s 'ore broadCs+o)ldered. -e
8ears a bro8n froc3Ccoat 8t+ sde $oc3ets. I see +' dra8 a sn)ffCbo# o)t
of one of t+e' and ta3e a $nc+. -e +as a 2er" f)nn" 8al31 +e does not
carr" +'self 8ell1 and +as 8ea3 le&sG +e ')st +a2e s)ffered fro' t+e'. -e
+as rat+er s+ort tro)sers. %+Z +e does not clean +s s+oes e2er" da"1 for t+e"
are co2ered 8t+ ')d. Ta3n& t alto&et+er1 +e s not 8ell dressed. -e +as
ast+'a1 for +e breat+es 8t+ dffc)lt". I see1 too1 t+at +e +as a s8elln& n
t+e abdo'en1 +e +as so'et+n& to s)$$ort t. I +a2e told +' t+at t s /. d)
Potet 8+o as3ed for +'. -e tal3s to 'e of 'a&nets' 8t+ ncredble
2ol)blt"G +e tal3s of e2er"t+n& at onceG +e '#es e2er"t+n& )$G I cannot
)nderstand an" of tG t 'a3es +' s$)tter sal2a.9
/. d) Potet as3s t+at t+e a$$arton 'a" be as3ed 8+" +e +as not
a$$eared to +' before as +e +ad $ro'sedW -e ans8ersJ 6at tll I fnd
o)t '" 8+ereabo)tsG I +a2e onl" D)st arr2ed1 I a' st)d"n& e2er"t+n& I
see. I 8ant to tell "o) all abo)t t 8+en I a$$ear1 and I s+all +a2e 'an"
t+n&s to tell "o).9
6+c+ da" dd "o) $ro'se 'e "o) 8o)ld do soW9 On a 6ednesda".9
%dPle addsJ T+s 'an ')st be for&etf)lG I a' s)re t+at +e 8as 2er" absentC
'nded.9 /. d) Potet as3s f)rt+erJ 6+en 8ll "o) a$$ear to 'eW9 I
cannot f# t+e t'eG I s+all tr" to do so n s# 8ee3s.9 %s3 +' f +e 8as
fond of t+e 7es)ts.9 %t t+s na'e +e &2es s)c+ a lea$ n t+e ar1 stretc+n&
o)t +s ar's1 and cr"n& T+e 7es)ts19 t+at %dPle dra8s bac3 E)c3l"1 and
s so startled t+at s+e does not 2ent)re to s$ea3 to +' a&an.
/. d) Potet declares t+at all t+ese detals are 2er" acc)rate1 t+at +e
cannot alter a s"llable. -e sa"s t+at t+s 'an5s $o8ers of con2ersaton 8ere
ne#+a)stbleG +e '#ed )$ all t+e scences to 8+c+ +e 8as de2oted1 and
s$o3e 8t+ s)c+ 2ol)blt" t+at1 as t+e clar2o"ante sa"s1 +e s$)ttered n
conseE)ence. -e too3 lttle $ans 8t+ +s a$$earanceG +e 8as so absentC
'nded t+at +e so'et'es for&ot to eat. 6+en an" one 'entoned t+e
7es)ts to +' +e D)'$ed as %dPle +as descrbed. -e 8as al8a"s co2ered
8t+ ')d l3e a s$anel. It s not s)r$rsn& t+at t+e clar2o"ante s+o)ld see
+' 8t+ ')dd" s+oes. -e +ad1 n fact1 $ro'sed /. d) Potet t+at +e 8o)ld
a$$ear to +' on a 6ednesda" or a (at)rda". /. d) Potet +as
ac3no8led&ed t+e acc)rac" of t+s a$$arton n !o. =? of t+e 1ourna du
2agn;tisme.
In effect1 n the 1ourna of %)&)st *>t+ of t+e sa'e "ear1 n re2e8n&
+ii,KMK- t+e frst 2ol)'e1 ,) Potet &2es +andso'e test'on" to t+e str3n&
nat)re of t+e '$ersonaton1 s ben E)e De cro"as le 2or 'oC'O'e1 tant
le tablea) en Utat sasssant. Bentbt cette o'bre s5est enf)e en effra"ant la
so'na'b)leG )n se)l 'ot a2at ca)sU cette ds$arton s)bte1 et 'on
Utonne'ent en f)t $ortU a son co'ble1 car ce 'O'e 'ot le 'ettat to)Do)rs
en f)re)r.9 LTransation M B)t ,) Potet1 for all t+at1 s nclned to attrb)te
t+e $+eno'enon to trans'sson of t+o)&+t fro' +s o8n 'ndG
*
and a fe8
'ont+s later1
.
n re2e8n& t+e second 2ol)'e1 +e ta3es occason to &2e t+e
res)lt of +s f)rt+er nE)res on t+s sUance. Generall"1 t+e 'n)te
descr$ton of t+e $ersonal a$$earance and ot+er $artc)lars 8+c+ 8ere
$ro'nent n ,) Potet5s o8n 'nd at t+e t'e 8ere correctG and ot+er detals
8ere correctl" &2en 8+c+ ,) Potet '&+t +a2e +eard1 b)t +ad certanl" not
re'e'bered at t+e t'e. -e +ad ascertaned1 +o8e2er1 fro' t+e 8do8 and
c+ldren1 t+at ,r. ,)bos too3 no tobaccoG ne2er +ad a redingote of t+e
colo)r descrbedG +ad no +erna1 and conseE)entl" 8ore no banda&e.
/oreo2er1 t+e a$$arton $redcted ne2er ca'e off. ,) Potet1 +o8e2er1 adds
e#$ressl" t+at ,r. ,)bos 8as )n3no8n n lfe to Ca+a&net and +s
so'na'b)le.
In so'e cases1 8t+ t+e e#$ress obDect of e#cl)dn& t+o)&+tC
transference1 t+e stter ca'e ar'ed 8t+ t+e na'e of so'e dead $erson of
8+o' +e 3ne8 not+n&as n t+e follo8n& case. /. L5%bbU %1
'entoned at t+e be&nnn& of t+e record1 +ad +ad a s)ccessf)l e#$er'ent
of t+e sa'e 3nd at a $re2o)s sttn& (!o. **.).
!o. *...Pastor Rostan1 8+o s referred to n t+e $recedn& sUance n
connecton 8t+ t+e con2erson of /. l5%bbU %1 desred n +s t)rn to
obtan an a$$arton. -e as3ed for a $erson )n3no8n to +'1 8+ose na'e
+ad been &2en to +'G b)t t+ere +ad been a 'sta3e 'ade n &2n& +' t+s
na'eG n conseE)ence a $erson a$$eared 8+ose descr$ton 8e too31 b)t
8+o co)ld not be reco&nsed. %t least1 s)c+ s t+s &entle'an5s 2erson1 and
I do not 'a&ne t+at I 8as '$osed )$on. I s)&&ested a second sUance to
+'1 es$ecall" as +e $erssted n as3n& for a $erson entrel" )n3no8n to
+'1 to s)c+ an e#tent +ad +e been nfl)enced b" /. -Ubert5s ar&)'ents. -e
t+en as3ed +s 'adCser2ant to &2e +' a na'e of one of +er acE)antances
8+o +ad been dead so'e t'eG +e ca'e ar'ed 8t+ t+s na'e1 and as3ed
for 7eannette 7e#. %dPle re$ledJ I see a 8o'an 8+o s not tall1 s+e 'a" be
bet8een t+rt" and fort" "ears of a&eG f s+e s not +)'$Cbac3ed s+e ')st be
croo3Cbac3ed1 for s+e carres +erself 2er" badl". I cannot 'a3e +er t)rn
ro)nd. -er +ar s a)b)rn1 a$$roac+n& to redG s+e +as s'all &re" e"es1 a
t+c3 nose. (+e s not &oodCloo3n&. (+e +as a $ro'nent c+n1 a recedn&
'o)t+1 t+n l$sG +er dress s co)ntrfed. I see t+at s+e +as a ca$ 8t+ t8o
flat bands1 ro)nded o2er t+e ears. (+e ')st +a2e s)ffered fro' a flo8 of
blood to t+e +ead1 s+e +as +ad nd&eston. I see s+e +as a s8elln& n t+e
abdo'en on t+e left sde and n t+e &lands of one breast. (+e +as been ll a
lon& t'e.9
/. Rostan +anded o2er t+e re$ort to +s ser2ant1 and &a2e t bac3 to 'e
after addn& +s s&nat)re and t+e follo8n& re'ar3sJ
T+s s correct as re&ards stat)re1 a&e1 dress1 carra&e1 t+e dsease and
defor'ed f&)re.
((&ned) 7. 7. RO(T%!.9
+ii,KML-
B)t f /. Rostan 8as sta&&ered b" t+e res)lt of +s test1 +s frends
a$$arentl" stll ascrbed t+e res)lts to t+o)&+tCtransference1 8+c+ &2es
Ca+a&net occason for so'e ar&)'ent on t+e s)bDect.
T+ere are1 ndeed1 ndcatons t+at so'e at least of t+e alle&ed
a$$artons 8ere s)bDect2ens$red1 t+at s1 b" t+e 'a&naton of t+e
'ed)'1 s)$$le'ented occasonall" b" tele$at+c drafts fro' t+e stter. 6e
s+o)ld $robabl" be D)stfed n ass)'n&n defa)lt of an" corroborat2e
e2dence as to t+er realt"t+at t+e acco)nts of +ea2en and of t+e
occ)$atons of t+e s$rts t+eren1 &2en n t+e frst 2ol)'e Lof t+e ArcanesM1
+ad no 'ore re'ote or&n t+an t+e 'ed)'5s o8n 'nd1 8+ose 8or3n&s
8ere no do)bt drected1 no8 b" 'e'ores of lessons learnt n c+ld+ood1
no8 b" +nts of t+e (8edenbor&an $+loso$+" rece2ed fro' Ca+a&net
+'self.
L,escr$tons of 2aro)s 2sons of +ea2en1 E)oted b" /r. Pod'ore1 are
+ere o'tted.M
B)t t+ere are ot+er acco)nts 8+c+1 8+le t+e" $ont to t+e acton of
tele$at+"1 are e#tre'el" dffc)lt to reconcle 8t+ t+e t+eor" of s$rtC
nterco)rse +eld b" t+e recorder.
On t8o occasons %dPle 8as as3ed to searc+ for a lon&Clost relat2e of
t+e stter. On eac+ occason s+e fo)nd t+e 'an aive, and con2ersed 8t+ +s
s$rt.
/. L)cas1 a carrer ('essa&er)1 of Ra'bo)llet1 ca'e to nE)re after t+e
fate of +s brot+erCnCla81 8+o +ad dsa$$eared after a E)arrel so'e t8el2e
"ears $re2o)sl". %dPle n t+e trance fo)nd t+e 'an at once1 sad t+at +e 8as
al2e1 and t+at s+e sa8 +' n a fore&n co)ntr"1 8+ere t+ere 8ere trees l3e
t+ose n %'erca1 and t+at +e 8as b)s" &at+ern& seeds fro' s'all s+r)bs1
abo)t ; feet +&+. -e 8o)ld not ans8er +er E)eston1 and s+e as3ed to be
a8o3e1 as s+e 8as afrad of 8ld beasts. /. L)cas ret)rned a fe8 da"s
after8ards1 brn&n& 8t+ +' t+e 'ot+er of t+e 'ssn& 'an.
!o. @@.%dPle1 as soon as s+e 8as aslee$1 sadJI see +'.9 6+ere
do "o) see +'W9 -ere.9 G2e )s a descr$ton of +' a&an and also of
t+e $lace 8+ere +e s.9 -e s a far 'an1 tanned b" t+e +eat of t+e s)nG +e s
2er" sto)t1 +s feat)res are farl" re&)larG bro8n e"es1 lar&e 'o)t+G +e
a$$ears &loo'" and 'edtat2e. -e s dressed as a 8or3'an1 n a sort of
s+ort blo)se. -e s occ)$ed at $resent1 as +e 8as last t'e1 n &at+ern&
seed1 8+c+ rese'bles $e$$erCcorns1 b)t I do not t+n3 t s $e$$erG t s
lar&er. T+s seed &ro8s on s'all s+r)bs abo)t one 'Ptre +&+. T+ere s a
lttle ne&ro 8t+ +' occ)$ed n t+e sa'e 8a".9 Tr" to obtan so'e
ans8er toda". Get +' to tell "o) t+e na'e of t+e co)ntr" 8+ere "o) see
+'.9 -e 8ll not ans8er.9 Tell +' t+at +s &ood 'ot+er1 for 8+o' +e
+ad a &reat affecton1 s 8t+ "o)1 and as3s for ne8s of +'.9 O+Z at t+e
'enton of +s 'ot+er +e t)rned ro)nd and sad to 'e1 H/" 'ot+erZ I s+all
not de 8t+o)t seen& +er a&an. Co'fort +er1 and tell +er t+at I al8a"s
t+n3 of +er. I a' not deadZI9 6+" does +e not 8rte to +erW9 -e +as
8rtten to +er1 b)t t+e 2essel +as no do)bt been 8rec3edat least +e
s)$$oses t+s to be so1 snce +e +as rece2ed no ans8er. -e tells 'e t+at +e
s n /e#co. -e +as follo8ed t+e e'$eror1 +ii,KMM- ,on PedroG +e +as been
'$rsoned for f2e "ears1 +e +as s)ffered a &reat deal1 and 8ll )se e2er"
effort to ret)rn to 4ranceG t+e" 8ll see +' a&an.9 Can +e na'e t+e $lace
n 8+c+ +e s l2n&W9 !oG t s 2er" far nland1 t+ose co)ntres +a2e no
na'es.9 Is +e l2n& 8t+ a E)ro$eanW9 !o1 8t+ a colo)red 'an.9 6+"
does +e not 8rte to +s 'ot+erW9 Beca)se no 2essels co'e to t+e $lace
8+ere +e s. -e does not 3no8 to 8+o' to t)rn. Besdes1 +e onl" 3ne8 +o8
to 8rte a 2er" lttle1 and +as al'ost for&otten. T+ere s no one 8t+ +'
8+o can render +' t+s ser2ceG no one s$ea3s +s lan&)a&eG +e 'a3es
+'self )nderstood 8t+ &reat dffc)lt". Besdes t+at1 +e +as ne2er been of
a co'')ncat2e ds$oston or a tal3er. -e see's to be rat+er a s)rl"
fello8. It s 2er" dffc)lt to &et t+ese fe8 8ords o)t of +'. One 8o)ld
t+n3 +e 8ere d)'b.9 In s+ort1 +o8 can one 'ana&e to 8rte to +' or +ear
ne8s of +'W9 -e 3no8s not+n& abo)t t. -e can onl" sa" t+ese t+ree
t+n&sJ I a' n /e#co1 I a' not dead1 t+e" 8ll see 'e a&an.9 6+" dd +e
lea2e +s $arents n t+s 'anner1 8t+o)t sa"n& an"t+n& to t+e'1 as +e 8as
+a$$" at +o'eW9 T+s 'an 8as 2er" reser2edG +e +ardl" e2er s$o3e. -e
lo2ed +s 'ot+er 2er" ')c+1 b)t +e +ad not t+e sa'e affecton for +s fat+er1
8+o 8as a $assonate1 s)rl" 'an1 and often treated +' br)tall". T+e c)$
+ad lon& snce been f)ll. It 8as not t+e trfln& ds$)te t+at +e +ad +ad 8t+
+s fat+er t+e da" before +s de$art)re t+at 'ade +' decde to &o a8a"G t
+ad been +s f#ed deter'naton for so'e t'e $ast. -e told no one of t -e
8ent a8a" on t+e sl". -a2n& 3ssed t+e' all t+e e2enn& before1 +e 'ade
&ood +s esca$e ne#t da"1 8t+o)t anot+er 8ord. ,o not be )neas"1 'ada'G
"o) 8ll see +' a&anZ9 T+s &ood 8o'an b)rst nto tears1 beca)se s+e
reco&nsed t+e tr)t+ of e2er" detal &2en +er b" %dPle. (+e dd not fnd
an"t+n& at fa)lt n t+e descr$ton. T+e ds$oston1 t+e ed)caton1 and t+e
de$art)re of +er son 8ere as %dPle sadG b)t a &reater se'blance of
$robablt" s &2en to t+e clar2o"ante5s acco)nt b" t+e fact t+at +s
relatons +ad an dea t+at +e +ad enlsted n ,on Pedro5s ar'"1 and at one
t'e too3 so'e ste$s to ascertan t+e tr)t+ of t /. L)cas told 'e of t+s
detal on a Do)rne" 8+c+ +e after8ards 'ade to Pars. !o nfor'aton 8as1
+o8e2er1 obtanable. 6+at no less contrb)ted to t+e astons+'ent of t+s
&ood 8o'an1 of /. L)cas1 and t+e ot+er $eo$le $resent at t+s c)ro)s
sUance1 8as to see %dPle $)t )$ +er +and to t+e left sde of +er face to 3ee$
off t+e fer" ra"s of t+e s)n n t+ose co)ntres1 and a$$ear to be s)ffocated
8t+ +eatG b)t t+e 'ost e#traordnar" $art of t+s scene 8as t+at s+e +ad a
se2ere s)nstro3e 8+c+ t)rned t+e 8+ole of t+at sde of +er face1 fro'
fore+ead to s+o)lder1 bl)s+ red1 8+lst t+e ot+er sde re'aned dead 8+te.
T+s dar3 colo)r dd not be&n to dsa$$ear tll t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs later. %t
t+e t'e t+e +eat of t 8as so &reat t+at one co)ld not +old one5s +and on t.
T+s s')laton1 b" t+e s)bl'nal consco)sness1 of t+e effects of
se2ere s)nb)rn s no do)bt not 'ore ncredble t+an t+e $rod)cton n
+"$noss of ''c st&'ata. ()c+ $+"scal effects of t+e 'a&naton1 f
rare1 are 8ell a)t+entcated. B)t f Ca+a&net5s last sentence refers to t+e +eat
of t+e 'ed)'5s s3n1 I a' afrad 8e ')st ad't t+at t+e 'a&naton of t+e
recorder $ossbl" $la"ed as $ro'nent a $art n t+e 'ar2el as t+at of t+e
$atent.
LOn anot+er occason1 nE)r" ben& 'ade for a 'ssn& 'an1 bele2ed
b" +s relat2es to be dead1 %dPle descrbed +' as al2e1 and &a2e 'an" +ii,
KMN- detals of +s $ersonal a$$earance1 8+c+ 8ere reco&nsed as correct1
and of +s t+en 8+ereabo)ts and occ)$atons1 8+c+ co)ld not be 2erfed.
4)ll detals are &2en b" /r. Pod'ore.M
6e +a2e1 )nfort)natel" (/r. Pod'ore contn)es
*
)1 no corroboraton of
t+e tr)t+ of t+e state'ents 'ade abo)t t+ose t8o $ersons. It follo8s1 t+en1
t+at n t+e t8o sUances all t+at 8e are enttled to sa" s t+at %dPle 8as able
to d2ne 8t+1 t 'a" be ad'tted1 sn&)lar acc)rac" t+e deas $resent n t+e
'nds of +er nterloc)tors. It 8as a str3n& e#a'$le of tele$at+"G b)t 8e
+a2e no 3nd of $roof t+at t 8as an"t+n& 'ore1 and fro' nternal e2dence
t see's 2er" )nl3el" t+at t 8as an"t+n& 'ore.
It a$$ears1 n fact1 t+at no e2dence s fort+co'n& of %dPle5s $o8er of
con2ersn& 8t+ t+e l2n& at a dstance1 snce t+e onl" t8o cases n 8+c+
s+e $rofessed to do so co)ld not be 2erfed1 and t+s affords1 I s)b't1 a
stron& $res)'$ton t+at s+e dd not $ossess t+at $o8er1 and t+at t+e
con2ersatons +ere detaled 8ere $)rel" 'a&nar"1 t+e a)t+entc or
$la)sble detals 8+c+ t+e" contaned ben& flc+ed tele$at+call" fro' t+e
'nds of t+ose $resent. T+e c)ro)s s'lart" of t+e t8o acco)nts also
$onts n t+e sa'e drecton. Bot+ 'en $rofess to +a2e 8rtten +o'e1 b)t t+e
letters ')st +a2e 'scarred. !et+er can 8rte no81 beca)se t+e" are far
fro' t+e sea1 n t+e nteror. Bot+ +a2e s)ffered ')c+G bot+ +a2e been
$rsonersG bot+ $rotest t+at t+er relatons 8ll see t+e' before t+e" deG
net+er1 +o8e2er1 s n a +)rr" to co'e bac3G and net+er s 8lln& to
dsco2er t+e na'e of +s $resent $lace of abdn&.
To s)$$ose1 as t+e recorder s)$$oses1 t+at t+ese narrat2es are a)t+entc
re2elatons obtaned fro' act)al con2ersatons 8t+ t+e s$rts of 'en l2n&
n )nna'ed1 andas Ca+a&net e#$lans at len&t+$robabl" na'eless
localtes n t+e nteror of /e#co or %satc R)ssa1 s to stran cred)lt" to
t+e brea3n&C$ont. B)t f t+ese t8o narrat2es are not 8+at t+e" see' to be1
8+at are 8e to sa" of t+e ot+er narrat2es n t+e boo31 8+c+ are cast n t+e
sa'e dra'atc for'1 and contan s'lar detals +ar'onsn& 8t+ t+e
e#$ectatons or 'e'ores of t+e nterloc)torsW If t+ose are not a)t+entc
'essa&es fro' t+e dstant l2n&1 8e reE)re so'e f)rt+er 8arrant for t+e
ass)'$ton t+at t+ese are a)t+entc 'essa&es fro' t+e s$rts of t+e dead.
Consdered n conD)ncton 8t+ t+e al'ost certanl" s)bDect2e 2sons of
-ea2en and dead $la"'ates 8+c+ c+aractersed t+e earler trances1 t+ese
later sUances certanl" $ont to an e#cl)s2el" ')ndane or&n.
6e ')st1 +o8e2er1 at least note t+at all t+e 8tnesses cted b" Ca+a&net
see' to +a2e been satsfed t+at not+n& less t+an t+o)&+tCtransference
8o)ld e#$lan t+e re2elatons1 and t+at an" candd reader no8 ')st fnd t
+ard to resst t+e sa'e con2cton.
93) A . T+e c+ef so)rces of nfor'aton as to ,. ,. -o'e5s lfe and
e#$erences are t+e follo8n& 8or3sJ
(ncidents in my .i$e, b" ,. ,. -o'e (*st edton1 London1 *AB;G .nd
edton1 *AB<G second seres1 *A=.).
+ii,KMO-
*. *. 'omeV 'is .i$e and 2ission, b" /ada'e ,)n&las -o'e
(London1 *AAA).
The :i$t o$ *. *. 'ome, b" /ada'e ,)n&las -o'e (London1 *A@>).
7eport on Spirituaism o$ the Committee o$ the .ondon *iaectica
Society (London1 *A=*). T+s contans t+e e2dence of t+e /aster of
Lndsa"1no8 Earl of Cra8ford and Balcarres1and ot+ers.
80periences in Spirituaism #ith 2r. *. *. 'ome, b" Vsco)nt %dare
(no8 Lord ,)nra2enG $r2atel" $rnted).
7esearches in the &henomena o$ Spirituaism, b" 6lla' Croo3es1
4.R.(. Re$rnted fro' t+e ?uartery 1ourna o$ Science (London1 *A=<).
Notes o$ S;ances #ith *. *. 'ome, b" 6lla' Croo3es1 4.R.(.
(&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. @A.)
(ee also a re2e8 b" Professor Barrett and t+e $resent 8rter of /ada'e
-o'e5s frst boo31 *. *. 'omeV 'is .i$e and 2ission, n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1
2ol. 2. $$. *>*K*;BG a brefer re2e8 of +er second boo31 The :i$t o$ *. *.
'ome, n t+e 1ourna (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. .<@G and a note on T+e C+aracter
of ,. ,. -o'e9 n t+e 7o)rnal (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *=BG also an artcle b" /r.
-a'lton %dU1 6as I +"$notsedW9 n t+e Nineteenth Century for %$rl
*A@>.
93) B . I &2e +ere a bref s)''ar" of t+e re2e8 b" Professor Barrett
and '"self of *. *. 'omeV 'is .i$e and 2ission, D)st referred to.
(+ortl" after t+e boo3 8as $)bls+ed I 'et /ada'e -o'e n Pars1 and
s+e allo8ed 'e to e#a'ne t+e or&nal letters of 'ore t+an a +)ndred of +er
corres$ondents and co'$are t+e' 8t+ t+e e#tracts and translatons $rnted
n t+e boo31 8+ere I fo)nd t+at t+e" 8ere correctl" re$rod)ced. O)r second
a' 8as to acE)re f)rt+er e2dence1 et+er for or a&anst t+e 2aldt" of
-o'e5s cla's. (e2eral fres+ cases confr'ator" of t+ose &2en b" /ada'e
-o'e 8ere obtaned and $rnted n f)ll n o)r re2e8 ($$. *..K*;B). T+e
e2dental 2al)e of -o'e5s o8n narrat2e1 (ncidents in my .i$e, 8as ')c+
ncreased b" a letter 8rtten to 'e b" /r. 6. /. 6l3nson1 t+e 8ellC3no8n
solctor1 of << Lncoln5s Inn 4elds1 statn& t+at +e +ad 8rtten nearl" t+e
8+ole of t+e boo31-o'e sta"n& 8t+ +' n +s +o)se1 $rod)cn& all t+e
letters and doc)'ents1 and &2n& +' t+e necessar" nfor'atonG 8+le t+e
$reface to t+e second seres of (ncidents, dealn& 8t+ (r ,a2d Bre8ster1
8as 8rtten b" /r. 6l3nson fro' nfor'aton &2en +' b" ,r. Robert
C+a'bers1 to 8+o' t+e $roofs of t+e 8+ole 8or3 8ere s)b'tted. ,r.
C+a'bers also 8rote t+e ntrod)cton and concl)dn& c+a$ter of t+e frst
seres.
T+ere s t+)s a consderable bod" of e2dence as to -o'e1 8+c+
enables )s to dsc)ss t+e t+ree E)estonsJ (*) 6as +e e2er con2cted of
fra)dW (.) ,d +e satsf" an" traned obser2er n a seres of e#$er'ents
selected b" t+e obser2er and not b" +'selfW (;) 6ere t+e $+eno'ena
entrel" be"ond t+e 3no8n sco$e of t+e conD)rer5s artW
6t+ re&ard to (*)1 /r. Robert Bro8nn& told )s t+e crc)'stances +ii,
KNP- 8+c+ 'anl" led to t+e o$non of -o'e 8+c+ +e e#$ressed n 2r.
Sudge the 2edium. % lad" +ad re$eated to +' a state'ent 'ade to +er b"
a lad" and &entle'an t+at t+e" +ad fo)nd -o'e e#$er'entn& 8t+
$+os$+or)s on t+e $rod)cton of s$rtCl&+ts.9 T+s e2dence1 t+en1 ca'e
to )s at t+rdC+andG t+e ncdent +ad occ)rred nearl" fort" "ears before1 and
t 8as '$ossble to learn 'ore of t1 snce all t+e 8tnesses 8ere dead and
+ad left no 8rtten record.
6e rece2ed one frstC+and acco)nt1 fro' a &entle'an of c+aracter and
ablt"1 of a sUance &2en n 2er" $oor l&+t1 8+ere a s'all s$rt +and9
2sble to all t+e sttersa$$eared1 and 'o2ed abo)t. It see'ed to +' t+at
+e co)ld see sl&+t 'o2e'ents n t+e s+o)lder or )$$er $art of -o'e5s ar'
corres$ondn& 8t+ t+e 'o2e'ents of t+e s$rt +and.9 %fter8ards19 t+e
'o2e'ents of bot+ $lanl" corres$onded1 and at len&t+ YI sa8 contn)o)s
connecton n t+e )$$er o)tlne of -o'e5s ar' and t+e t+n&1 8+ate2er t
8as1 t+at s)$$orted t+e Hs$rt +and.I9 T+e sttn& too3 $lace n *A??1 b)t t+e
acco)nt 8as not 8rtten )ntl *AA@. It s $rnted n f)ll n o)r re2e8 (op. cit.
$. *.>).
T+ere s also a freE)entl" re$eated stor" t+at -o'e 8as fo)nd n 4rance
to be )sn& a st)ffed +andG o)r nE)res nto t+s tended to s+o8 t+at t+e
stor" 8as a fabrcaton.
T+e 'ost sero)s blot on -o'e5s c+aracter 8as t+at re2ealed b" t+e
L"on case. -e +ad sttn&s 8t+ /rs. L"on1 at 8+c+ co'')ncatons 8ere
&2en $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' +er deceased +)sband1 and )r&n& +er to
ado$t -o'e as +er son and &2e +' f=>> a "ear. %n ad'tted letter fro'
+er to -o'e1 n 8+c+ s+e sad t+at s+e $resented +' 8t+ f.<1>>> as an
entrel" free &ft19 8as stated b" +er at t+e tral to +a2e been 8rtten at
-o'e5s dctaton and )nder 'a&netc nfl)ence.9 T+e stron&est e2dence
a&anst -o'e 8as f)rns+ed b" 'e'orand)' boo3s1 n +s o8n 8rtn&1
contann& acco)nts of +s e#$erences 8t+ +er1 and co'')ncatons n t+e
for' of a dalo&)e bet8een +er and +er +)sband1 n 8+c+ -o'e 8as
all)ded to as o)r belo2ed son.9 Of /rs. L"on1 t+e D)d&e obser2ed t+at
Relance cannot be $laced on +er test'on"G9 b)t t+ere 8as ')c+ e2dence
besdes +ers to s+o8 t+at -o'e 8or3ed on +er 'nd b" s$rt)alstc
de2ces1 es$ecall" b" s)&&estn& co'')ncatons fro' +er +)sband1 and
t+e Co)rt +eld t+at s)c+ transactons as t+ose n E)eston co)ld not be
)$+eld )nless t+e Co)rt s E)te satsfed t+at t+e" are acts of $)re 2olton
)nnfl)enced.9 ()c+ $roof not ben& fort+co'n&1 t+e case 8as decded
a&anst -o'e. (% re2e8 of t+e e2dence n t+s case 8as f)rns+ed )s b"
/r. -. %rt+)r ('t+1 and s $rnted n o)r artcle1 $. **=.)
6e ')st obser2e1 +o8e2er1 t+at t+e L"on case1 +o8e2er dscredtable to
-o'e $ersonall"1 +as no clear bearn& on t+e realt" of +s $o8ers1 snce
t+ere see's to +a2e been no asserton t+at an" of t+e $+eno'ena 8ere
$rod)ced b" fra)d)lent 'eans.
(.) 6t+ re&ard to o)r second E)eston18+et+er +s $o8ers 8ere +ii,
KNG- tested b" co'$etent obser2ers1-o'e n t+s res$ect stands $reC
e'nentG snce 8e +a2e t+e e2dence of (r 6lla' Croo3es (alread"
referred to n 93) A) corroborated b" t+e test'on" of t+e /aster of
Lndsa" (no8 Earl of Cra8ford and Balcarres) +'self a savant of so'e
dstncton1 and t+e $r2atel" $rnted seres of caref)l obser2atons b" t+e
$resent and t+e late Lords ,)nra2en.
(;) %s to o)r t+rd E)eston8+et+er t+e $+eno'ena co)ld +a2e been
$rod)ced b" conD)rn&'an" of t+e'1 es$ecall" t+e fre tests9 and t+e
'o2e'ents of lar&e )nto)c+ed obDects n &ood l&+t1 see' ne#$lcable b"
t+s s)$$oston. T+e +"$ot+ess of collect2e +all)cnaton on t+e $art of t+e
stters see's 2er" '$robable1 beca)se n 'ost cases all t+ose $resent sa8
t+e sa'e t+nG
*
and often 8t+o)t rece2n& fro' -o'e an" a)dble
s)&&eston as to 8+at 8as abo)t to +a$$en.
T+e tele3netc $+eno'ena obser2ed n -o'e5s case 8ere t+ose 8+c+
attracted 'ost attentonG b)t t+e co'')ncatons &2en at +s sttn&s
$)r$ortn& to co'e fro' deceased $ersons are also note8ort+"1 t+o)&+ t+e
records of t+e' are )nfort)natel" 2er" nadeE)ate. In o)r artcle (op. cit. $$.
**>K**<) 8e &2e a bref abstract of t+rt"Cf2e cases of reco&nton9 ta3en
fro' /ada'e -o'e5s 8or31 o'ttn& t+ose 8+c+ rest on -o'e5s
)ncorroborated test'on".
.
T+ese cases are of 2er" dfferent e2dental 2al)e. B)t 'an" are frstC
+and acco)nts1 2ol)nteered b" nde$endent 8tnesses1 of 'essa&es closel"
affectn& t+e'sel2es1 and so'et'es n2ol2n& ncdents 8+c+ can +ardl"
+a2e been 3no8n to ser2ants or de$endants.
I concl)de 8t+ so'e e#tracts fro' t+e lst D)st referred to1 8+c+
follo8s t+e $a&n& of /ada'e -o'e5s boo3J
*. $. *?./r. (. B. Brttan5s test'on". -o'e s)ddenl" beco'es
entrancedG sa"s -anna+ Brttan s +ere19a relat2e lon& snce dead1 and
8+ose e#stence1 as /r. Brttan bele2es1 8as not 3no8n to an" one n all
t+at re&on.9 -o'e1 entranced1 acts as t+o)&+ a 'elanc+olc n terror of
+ellG -anna+ Brttan beca'e nsane fro' bele2n& n t+e doctrne of
endless $)ns+'ent.9
*.. $. *?;./rs. (enor5s e2dence. %t t+er frst 'eetn& /r. -o'e
descrbes /r. (enor and adds1 Yo) for&ot to 8nd +s 8atc+1 and +o8
'serable t 'ade "o).9 !o8 t+s 8as a fact 3no8n to no l2n& ben& b)t
'"self. I +ad 8o)nd t+e 8atc+ t+e n&+t I lost '" +)sband and resol2ed
ne2er to let +ii,KNH- t &o do8n a&an. I for&ot to 8nd t one n&+t1 and '"
a&on" 8as &reat 8+en I dsco2ered t n t+e 'ornn&1 b)t I ne2er 'entoned
t e2en to '" +)sband5s sster1 8+o 8as n t+e +o)se 8t+ 'e.9 -o'e also
'entons /ar"19 /r. (enor5s 'ot+er.
*;. $. *?<./rs. (enor narrates +o8 at anot+er sUance -o'e1
entranced1 recalls $r2ate con2ersaton (date1 $ostons1 and ot+er detals
&2en) bet8een +erself and +er +)sband.
*B. $. *==./r. B. Cole'an5s e2dence. %t +s frst sUance 'essa&es
are &2en b" ra$s as fro' +s a)nts ElNabet+ and -anna+. I dd not
reco&nse t+e na'es. I +ad ne2er 3no8n of an" a)nts of t+ose na'es19 b)t
+e learns t+at ssters of +s fat+er1 t+)s na'ed1 ded before +e 8as born.
*=. $. *@B./rs. (. C. -all5s test'on". Ra$s fro' deceased /ada'e
-o'e to /r. ,)r+a'1 sc)l$tor1 sa"n&1 T+an3s for "o)r earl" 'ornn&
labo)rG I +a2e often been near "o).9 /r. ,)r+a' +ad been rsn& earl" to
8or3 at a b)st of /ada'e -o'e ntended as a $resent to /r. -o'eG t+s
fact 8as not e2en 3no8n n +s o8n +o)se+old.9
*A. $. .>B./rs. (. C. -all5s e2dence. Yo)r fat+er1 Colonel -all19 s
anno)ncedG test as3ed for1 T+e last t'e 8e 'et n Cor3 "o) $)lled '"
tal.9 Colonel -all +ad 8orn a queue, and t+s fact 8as correct.
.>. $. .=A./rs. -ennn&s5 test'on". -o'e sa"s1 Geor&e s +ere9
ne$+e8 of /rs. -ennn&s1 recentl" deceasedG 'entons accdent fro' bte
of do& 8+en a bo" at ,)l8c+correct. One of )s +as seen /rs. -ennn&s1
8+o1 alt+o)&+ 2er" old1 retans a sn&)larl" br&+t ntell&ence. (+e
confr'ed t+s state'ent1 and added se2eral detals.
.*. $. .=A./rs. -ennn&s5 test'on". -o'e s$ea3s n trance as fro'
+er fat+erG T+e n&+t before "o)r fat+er $assed a8a" "o) $la"ed 8+st 8t+
+'19 so'e detals1 and e#$lanaton as to $ro2sons of 8ll. /r. -o'e +ad
ne2er seen '" fat+er1 nor +eard an"t+n& abo)t +'G and 'ost 8onderf)l to
'e 8as t+s detal of s)c+ lon&C$ast e2ents1 3no8n onl" to '"self.9
... $. .AA.Lord Lndsa"5s test'on" (no8 Lord Cra8ford). Lord
Lndsa" 'sses tran at !or8ood1 slee$s on sofa n -o'e5s roo'G sees
fe'ale f&)re standn& near -o'e5s bed1 8+c+ fades a8a"G reco&nses face
a'on& ot+er $+oto&ra$+s ne#t 'ornn&G t 8as -o'e5s deceased 8fe. Lord
%dare (no8 Lord ,)nra2en) and t8o ot+ers1 n Lord %dare5s roo's1 see
(4ebr)ar" *AB@) a s+ado8" f&)re rese'bln& t+s for'1 b)t cannot
dstn&)s+ feat)res.
.B. $. ;==./rs. Pec35s test'on". B" $er'sson I $)t se2eral menta
E)estons1 eac+ of 8+c+ 8as $ro'$tl" and correctl" ans8ered1 8t+ t+e f)ll
na'es of frends and relat2es deceased1 and crc)'stances 8+c+ co)ld not
+a2e been 3no8n to an" of t+ose $resentG all1 as I +a2e stated1 +a2n& been
$re2o)s to t+e $ast t8ent"Cfo)r +o)rs stran&ers to 'e.9 (/rs. Pec3 8as an
%'ercan1 sta"n& at a +otel n Gene2a.)
.=. $. ;=A./rs. Pec35s test'on". -o'e1 entranced1 sa"sJ T+ere s a
$ortrat of his 'ot+er.9 I 'ade no re$l"G b)t '" t+o)&+t 8as. HT+ere s no
$ortrat of +er.I9 -o'e nssts t+at t+ere s1 8t+ an o$en Bble )$on +er
3nee.9 T+ere 8as1 n fact1 a da&)erreot"$e t+rt" "ears old1 8+c+ /rs. Pec3
+ad for&otten1 n attt)de descrbed8t+ ndstnct boo3 on 3nee1 8+c+
8as1 n fact1 a Bble.
9+3 A . % &eneral acco)nt of T+e E#$erences of 6. (tanton /oses9
8as &2en b" 'e n &roceedings (.P.R. 2ol. #. $$. .<?K;?.1 and 2ol. #. $$.
.<K**;. T+e follo8n& e#tract s fro' 2ol. #. $$. .<?K.?..
+ii,KNI-
I. %'on& +s $rnted 8or3s t+e 'ost '$ortant for o)r $resent $)r$ose
are
*. 7esearches in Spirituaism. T+s )nfns+ed 8or3 8as
$)bls+ed n
'uman Naturea $erodcal no8 e#tnctn *A=<K?1
and not re$rnted. It s no8 dffc)lt of access.
.. Spirit (dentity, $)bls+ed n *A=@. T+s 8or3 also +as
been for so'e
"ears o)t of $rnt.
;. Spirit Teachings, $)bls+ed n *AA;G Lre$rnted after +s
deat+ n a
2emoria 8dition (London1 *A@<) 8t+ a s+ort
bo&ra$+cal notce
b" /r. C+arlton ($eer.M
T8o ot+er 2ol)'es1 &sychography and 'igher Aspects
o$ Spirituaism,
contan lttle 8+c+ bears on o)r $resent t+e'e.
Besdes t+ese boo3s1 /r. /oses 8rote ')c+ n t+e
8ee3l" $erodcal
.ight, of 8+c+ +e 8as for so'e "ears t+e edtor.
II. /r. /oses5 /((. entr)sted to 'e1 and of 8+c+ I +a2e 'ade )se1
consst of t+rt"Cone noteCboo3s1 ran&n& fro' (e$te'ber *A=. to /arc+
*AA;1 and 2aro)s letters.
T+e noteCboo3s 'a" be d2ded as follo8sJ
T8ent"Cfo)r boo3s of a)to'atc scr$t1 n)'bered *K.<1 and e#tendn&
fro' /arc+ *A=; to /arc+ *AA;.
4o)r boo3s of records of $+"scal $+eno'ena1 (e$te'ber *A=.K7an)ar"
*A=?. T+ese boo3s r)n conc)rrentl" 8t+ t+e boo3s of a)to'atc scr$t. T+e
frst boo3 of t+s seres (%$rlC(e$te'ber *A=.) s 'ssn&. T+ose 8+c+
re'an I +a2e n)'bered . B1 ; B1 < B1 and ? B.
T+ree boo3s of retros$ect and s)''ar"1 8+c+ I n)'ber .?1 .B1 .=.
Boo3s .? and .B reca$t)late $+"scal $+eno'ena1 8t+ reflectons. Boo3
.= s enttled The (dentity o$ Spirit, and contans1 n brefer for'1 ')c+ of
t+e e2dence frst $rnted n Spirit (dentity/ 8+c+ 8or31 ndeed1 t+s later
tractate 'a" +a2e been ntended to s)$ersede. (o'e of t+e etters also are of
2al)e1 b)t 'anl" as addn& conte'$orar" confr'aton to facts alread" to
be fo)nd n t+e noteCboo3s.
III. %'on& t+e records 'ade b" frends t+e 'ost '$ortant are /rs.
(tan+o$e ($eer5s Records of Pr2ate (Uances1 fro' notes ta3en at t+e t'e
of eac+ sttn&.9 O2er s#t" nstal'ents of t+ese records +a2e no8 (October
*A@;) been $)bls+ed n .ight. T+e" be&n n *A=. and &o do8n to *AA*
consderabl" be"ond t+e date (*A=?) at 8+c+ /r. /oses5 e#tant records of
$+"scal $+eno'ena obtaned n +s sUances cease. %s 8ll be seen later on1
t+ese nde$endent and conte'$orar" records are e2dentall" of ca$tal
'$ortance. ,r. and /rs. (tan+o$e ($eer 8ere /r. /oses5 'ost nt'ate
frendsG and t+e"1 often 8t+ anot+er nt'ate frend1 /r. 4. 6. Perc2al
(BarrsterCatCLa8 and E#a'ner n t+e Ed)caton ,e$art'ent)1 8ere t+e
+abt)al 'e'bers1 and &enerall" t+e onl" 'e'bers1 of t+e s'all &ro)$ 8+o
8tnessed t+e $+eno'ena abo)t to be descrbed.
/r. Perc2al1 t+e late ,r. ($eer1 /r. 6. -. -arrson1 ,r. T+o'son1 and
t+e late /r. (erDeant Co# +a2e at dfferent t'es $rnted s+ort frstC+and
records of certan of /r. /oses5 $+eno'ena1 and /rs. Garratt and /ss
Br3ett too3 so'e conte'$orar" notes of sttn&s at 8+c+ t+e" 8ere
$resent.
T8o noteCboo3s and ot+er /((. b" ,r. ($eer +a2e been $laced n '"
+ands1 and contan nde$endent conte'$orar" records of ')c+ e2dental
2al)e. +ii,KNJ- L/an" addtonal records of t+e a)to'atc scr$t fro' /r.
/oses5 noteCboo3s +a2e been $)bls+ed n .ight d)rn& t+e last fe8 "ears.M
IV. In est'atn& t+e e2dental 2al)e of ora intercourse as to /r.
/oses5 $+eno'ena1 t+e c+aracter of '" o8n frends+$ for +' s an te'
on 8+c+ I a' bo)nd to be e#$lct. 4rends+$ t '&+t tr)l" be called1 for t
8as based )$on a consco)sness of co''on $)rs)ts of &reat 'o'ent1 and I
felt for +' ')c+ bot+ of &ratt)de and of estee'. -e res$onded to '"
)nfe&ned nterest 8t+ a stra&+tfor8ard nt'ac" of con2ersaton on t+e
e#$erences of 8+c+ I cared so ')c+ to learn. B)t t+ere 8as no s)c+ close
$ersonal attracton as s l3el" to $ro'$t 'e to $artalt" as a bo&ra$+erG
and ndeed bot+ Ed')nd G)rne" and I 8ere consco)s n +' of so'et+n&
l3e t+e '$atence of a sc+ool'aster to8ards slo8 st)dentsGnat)ral
eno)&+ n a 'an 8+ose nborn &fts +a2e carred +' rresstbl" to a
con2cton1 on t+e ed&e of 8+c+ less fa2o)red $ersons ')st needs $a)se
and $onder lon&. I a' bo)nd to add t+at t+e st)d" of +s noteCboo3s1 b"
'a3n& +' 'ore nt'atel" 3no8n to 'e as +e 8as n +s best da"s1 +as
bro)&+t 'e nearer to t+e 8ar' and e2en ent+)sastc est'ate '$led n t+e
letters of 2aro)s 'ore nt'ate frends of +s 8+c+ le before 'e.
/ore '$ortant1 +o8e2er1 t+an t+e $recse de&ree of attract2eness1 or of
s$rt)al refne'ent1 n /r. /oses5 $ersonal de'eano)r are t+e f)nda'ental
E)estons of sant" and $robt". On t+ese $onts net+er I '"self1 nor1 so far
as I 3no81 an" $erson acE)anted 8t+ /r. /oses1 +as e2er entertaned an"
do)bt. -o8e2er $er$le#ed for an e#$lanaton19 sa"s /r. /asse"1 t+e
crassest $reD)dce +as recoled fro' e2er s)&&estn& a do)bt of t+e tr)t+ and
+onest" of (tanton /oses.9 I bele2e t+at +e 8as 8+oll" nca$able of
decet19 8rtes /r. -. 7. -ood1 barrsterCatCla81 8+o 3ne8 +' for 'an"
"ears. T+e $eo$le 8+o ass)'ed t+at +e ')st so'e+o8 +a2e $erfor'ed t+e
$+eno'ena of +s dar3 sUances +'self8+o as3ed tr)'$+antl"1 6+ere
8as /oses 8+en t+e candle 8ent o)tW9e2en t+ese ne2er1 so far as I 3no81
s)&&ested an"t+n& be"ond )nconsco)s fra)d n a tranceCcondton.
% bref record of /r. /oses5 lfe1 8t+ so'e est'ates of t+e 8or3 done
b" +' n ordnar" $rofessonal ca$actes1 8ll +el$ t+e reader to for'
so'et+n& of a $ersonal D)d&'ent on +s c+aracter.
On t+e e2ents of +s lfe t+e ($eer fa'l"1 8+o 8ere +s 'ost nt'ate
frends1 and are 8ell acE)anted 8t+ +s nearest s)r22n& relat2es1 are '"
'an a)t+ort". T+er '$ortance as 8tnesses of t+e $+eno'ena s so &reat
t+at I ')st be $ardoned for nsertn& a test'onal9 to t+e late ,r. ($eer
(/.,. Ednb)r&+)1 8+c+ s+all not1 +o8e2er1 be n '" o8n 8ords1 b)t n
t+ose of ,r. /ars+all -all1 4.R.(.1 one of t+e best 3no8n $+"scans of t+e
'ddle of t+s cent)r". 6rtn& on /arc+ *At+1 *A<@1 ,r. /ars+all -all sa"s
(n a $rnted collecton of s'lar test'onals no8 before 'e)J I +a2e &reat
satsfacton n bearn& '" test'on" to t+e talents and acE)re'ents of ,r.
(tan+o$e Te'$le'an ($eer. ,r. ($eer +as +ad )n)s)al ad2anta&es n
+a2n& been at t+e /edcal (c+ools1 not onl" of London and Ednb)r&+1 b)t
of Pars and /ont$eller1 and +e +as a2aled +'self of t+ese ad2anta&es
8t+ e#traordnar" dl&ence and talent. -e ran3s a'on& o)r 'ost
dstn&)s+ed rsn& $+"scans.9
,r. ($eer +eld at dfferent t'es 2aro)s +os$tal $osts of credt1 and 8as
')c+ 2al)ed as a $ractsn& $+"scan at C+elten+a' and n London. T+e
8or3 of a $+"scan1 +o8e2er1 8as rendered so'e8+at tr"n& to +' b" an
+ii,KNK- o2erCan#o)s te'$era'entG and as +e $ossessed $r2ate 'eans1 and
+ad stron& scentfc and artstc tastes1 +e E)tted +s $rofesson at t+rt"C
fo)r1 and $referred to s$end t+e latter $art of +s lfe n st)do)s retre'ent.
,r. ($eer5s cast of 'nd 8as stron&l" 'ateralstc1 and t s re'ar3able t+at
+s nterest n /r. /oses5 $+eno'ena 8as fro' frst to last of a $)rel"
scentfc1 as contrasted 8t+ an e'otonal or a rel&o)s1 nat)re.
I re&ret t+at I ne2er 'et ,r. ($eer1 8+o ded n *AA@. -s 8do81 /rs.
(tan+o$e ($eer1 s 8ell 3no8n to 'eG and I re&ard +er as an e#cellent
8tness. -er son1 /r. C+arlton T. ($eer (also an e#cellent 8tness)1 s an
%ssocate of t+e Ro"al %cade'" of /)sc1 and s 8ell 3no8n n ')scal
crcles as a s)ccessf)l co'$oser and $erfor'er.
6t+ t+ese 8ords of $reface I $ass on to t+e factss'$le and ordnar"
eno)&+ n t+er e#ternal as$ectof /r. /oses5 lfe.
6lla' (tanton /oses 8as born n Lncolns+re1 !o2e'ber ?t+1 *A;@1
-s fat+er +ad been +ead'aster of a &ra''arCsc+ool at ,onn&ton1 near
Lncoln. -s 'ot+er5s fa'l" na'e 8as (tanton. /r. (tanton /oses
bele2ed t+at t+e na'e /oses +ad been or&nall" /ost"n1 b)t t+at an
ancestor +ad c+an&ed t n order to a2od so'e $erl n t+e t'e of t+e
Co''on8ealt+. T+ere see's no reason to s)$$ose t+at t+e fa'l"1 8+c+
+ad been for so'e t'e settled n Lncolns+re1 8as of 7e8s+ descent. /rs.
/osesstll l2n& and 2&oro)s (*A@;) at t+e a&e of nnet"Cone8as a
sero)s and ntell&ent 8o'an1 and bro)&+t )$ +er onl" son 8t+ $o)s care.
-e s+o8ed ablt"G and t+e fa'l" 'o2ed to Bedford1 abo)t *A?.1 t+at +e
'&+t +a2e t+e ad2anta&e of ed)caton at Bedford Colle&e. T+ere +e dd
8ell1 and n d)e t'e &aned a sc+olars+$ at E#eter Colle&e1 O#ford. In +s
sc+ool da"s +e occasonall" 8al3ed n +s slee$1 and on one occason +s
'ot+er sa8 +' &o do8n nto t+e sttn&Croo' and 8rte an essa" on a
s)bDect 8+c+ +ad $)NNled +' on t+e $re2o)s e2enn&1 and ret)rn to bed
8t+o)t a8a3n&. T+e essa" t+)s 8rtten 8as t+e best of t+ose sent )$ b" t+e
class t+at da" (/r. /oses tells )s)1 and 8as f)ll" )$ to t+e le2el of +s
8a3n& $erfor'ances. T+s s t+e onl" ncdent of 8+c+ I +a2e +eard 8+c+
n an" 8a" fores+ado8ed +s f)t)re &ft. -e s not recorded as +a2n& been
a s$ecall" ner2o)s or e#ctable c+ldG and +e 8as at t+s t'e stron& and
+ealt+". In after lfe +s +ealt+ 8as badG b)t +s tro)bles 8ere 'anl"
res$rator"constantl" rec)rrn& catarr+ and bronc+ts)ntl near t+e end
of +s lfe1 8+en +e 8as attac3ed b" Br&+t5s dsease1 8+c+ )lt'atel"
ca)sed +s deat+. -s $+eno'ena1 t 'a" be obser2ed1 8ere at t+er best
8+en +e 8as n +s best +ealt+1 and declned or dsa$$eared alto&et+er 8+en
+e 8as ll.
To ret)rn to +s O#ford career. %t O#ford +e 8as an a'bto)s and
+ard8or3n&1 b)t not n ot+er 8a"s a 2er" notceable1 )nder&rad)ate. -s
+ealt+ bro3e do8n fro' o2er8or31 and +e left O#ford 8t+o)t ta3n& a
de&ree1 and s$ent so'e consderable t'e n tra2el1 'anl" 8t+ frends1 b)t
n $art alone. -e 8as alread" ')c+ nterested n t+eolo&"1 and +e l2ed for
so'e s# 'ont+s (none of t+ese dates are 2er" $recse) n a 'onaster" on
/o)nt %t+os. Be"ond t+e 'ere fact of +s resdence on /o)nt %t+os1 to
8+c+ +s s)r22n& frends testf"1 all t+at s 3no8n of t+s $erod of
secl)son conssts of all)sons 'ade b" +s s$rt &)des19 8+o sa" t+at
t+e" drected +' t+t+er t+at +e '&+t st)d" t+e Eastern C+)rc+1 and be
$re$ared b" a co'$arson of t+eolo&es for t+e rece$ton of a 8der tr)t+.
Be t+s as t 'a"1 +e reco2ered +s +ealt+1 ret)rned to O#ford1 too3 +s
de&ree1 8as ordaned b" Bs+o$ 6lberforce1 and +ii,KNL- acce$ted a c)rac"
at Rr3 /a)&+old1 near Ra'se"1 n t+e Isle of /an1 at t+e a&e of t8ent"C
fo)r. -e 8as an act2e $ars+ cler&"'an1 l3ed b" +s $ars+oners1 and
+oldn& %n&lcan 2e8s of an ordnar" t"$e. On t+e occason of an o)tbrea3
of s'allC$o# +e dstn&)s+ed +'self b" +s Neal and 3ndnessG and t s
recorded t+at n one case +e +el$ed to n)rse and to b)r" a 'an 8+ose
'alad" 8as so 2olent t+at t 8as +ard to &et an" one to a$$roac+ +'.
,)rn& t+s $erod also +e be&an to 8rte for $erodcals1 &unch and t+e
Saturday 7evie# ben& s$ecall" 'entoned. T+e 'e'oral 2erses to t+e
Re2. 4. ,. /a)rce 8+c+ a$$eared n &unch +a2e snce been E)oted as of
/r. /oses5 8rtn&G and I s+o)ld conce2e t+at +s ot+er contrb)tons 8ere
$robabl" n t+s sero)s stran. -e contn)ed to 8rte ')c+1 anon"'o)sl"1
for 2aro)s $erodcals d)rn& 'an" "ears of +s lfe1 and s+o8ed an eas"
st"le and a &ood deal of 'scellaneo)s 3no8led&e.
%fter so'e fo)r "ears of resdence near Ra'se"1 +e acce$ted t+e c)rac"
of (t. Geor&e5s1 ,o)&las1 Isle of /an. -ere also +e 8as estee'ed as an
act2e cler&"'an1 and ad'red as a $reac+er. In %$rl *AB@ +e +ad a sero)s
llness1 and +earn& t+at ,r. ($eer1 8+o' +e 3ne8 sl&+tl"1 8as n t+e sland
on a +olda"1 +e called n +s 'edcal ad. ,r. ($eer bro)&+t +'
s)ccessf)ll" t+ro)&+ +s llness1 and n2ted +' as a con2alescent to t+e
+o)se 8+c+ +e 8as rentn& n t+e sland. T+e fo)ndatons of a lfelon&
frends+$ 8t+ ,r. and /rs. ($eer 8ere t+en lad.
In *A=> +e too3 a c)rac" so'e8+ere n ,orsets+re1 8+ere also +e 8as
l3ed1 and 8as a$$onted Lent $reac+er9 for t+e co)nt". % 2er" se2ere
attac3 of 8+oo$n&Cco)&+ obl&ed +' to nterr)$t +s $ars+ 8or31 8+c+1
n fact1 +e ne2er res)'ed. ,r. ($eer n2ted +' to beco'e +s son5s t)tor1
and for se2en "ears +e flled t+at offce n a 8a" t+at attac+ed to +' bot+
$arents and $)$l 'ore closel" t+an e2er. In *A=* +e 8as offered a
'asters+$ n :n2erst" Colle&e (c+oolG and t+s $ost +e +eld )ntl faln&
+ealt+ co'$elled +' to res&n t so'e t+ree "ears before +s deat+. T+e
$+"scal $+eno'ena abo)t to be descrbed be&an n *A=.1 and contn)ed
8t+ &rad)all" lessenn& freE)enc" )ntl *AA*. T+e a)to'atc scr$t be&an
n *A=;1 and fnall" ded o)t1 so far as 8e 3no81 n *AA;. ,)rn& t+ese later
"ears /r. /oses 8as act2e n contrb)tn& to1 and after8ards n edtn&1 t+e
8ee3l" ne8s$a$er .ight/ and +e too3 a leadn& $art n se2eral s$rtstc
or&ansatons. Of one of t+eset+e London ($rt)alst %llance+e 8as
$resdent at t+e t'e of +s deat+. In *AA. +e aded n t+e fo)ndaton of t+e
(ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+G b)t +e left t+at bod" n *AAB1 on acco)nt of
ts attt)de to8ards ($rt)als'1 8+c+ +e re&arded as )nd)l" crtcal. It s
8ort+ re'ar3n& t+at alt+o)&+1 as t+e fact of +s 8t+dra8al s+o8s1 'an"
'e'bers of t+e (ocet" +eld an ntellect)al $oston 8del" dffern& fro'
t+at of /r. /oses1 and alt+o)&+ +s o8n $)bls+ed records 8ere of a 3nd
not easl" credble1 no s)s$con as to +s $ersonal $robt" and 2eract" 8as
e2er1 so far as I 3no81 et+er e#$ressed or entertaned.
/r. /oses5 +ealt+ beca'e steadl" 8ea3er. -e s)ffered &reatl" fro'
s)$$ressed &o)t1 n addton to ot+er al'ents. % sero)s fall fro' t+e to$ of
an o'nb)s 'ade 'atters 8orse. In *A@> +e 8as attac3ed b" nfl)enNa n
t+e se2erest for'1 and 8as rec3oned1 I bele2e1 to +a2e +ad t8el2e se$arate
rela$ses or rec)rrences of t+at co'$lant. %n accdent to +s e"es also &a2e
+' ')c+ tro)ble. -e 8or3ed on1 as best +e co)ld1 to t+e lastG b)t t+e $erod
of declne 8as tedo)s and dstressn&G and t 8o)ld be 2er" )nfar to D)d&e
+ii,KNM- +' fro' t+e )tterances of t+ese last "ears. 6+en n (e$te'ber
*A@. +e $assed fro' eart+1 8e 'a" s)rel" tr)st t+at +s ac+e2e'ents +ere
+ad 8on t+er 8a" to $ro'oton1 and +s s)ffern&s to re$ose.
/r. /oses ne2er 'arred1 and 8ent 2er" lttle nto &eneral socet". -s
$ersonal a$$earance offered no ndcaton of +s $ec)lar &ft. -e 8as of
'ddle stat)re1 stron&l" 'ade1 8t+ so'e8+at +ea2" feat)res1 and t+c3
dar3 +ar and beard. -s e#$resson of co)ntenance 8as +onest1 'anl"1 and
resol)te. /an" test'ones of affecton and estee' a$$eared n .ight and
else8+ere after +s deceaseG es$ecall"1 of co)rse1 fro' t+ose to 8+o' +s
e#$erences and teac+n&s +ad bro)&+t a con2ncn& +o$e. I s)bDon a fe8
letters fro' frends 8+o +ad &ood o$$ort)ntes of est'atn& +s 2al)e n
t+e co''on d)tes and nterco)rse of lfe.
,r. 7o+nson1 of Bedford1 8rtes to 'e as follo8sJ
BA -IG- (TREET1 BE,4OR,1
2arch .<th, *A@;.
,E%R (IR1%s t+e nt'ate frend and 'edcal ad2ser of t+e late
(tanton /oses I +a2e +ad a'$le o$$ort)ntes of t+oro)&+l" 3no8n& +s
c+aracter and +s 'ental state.
-e 8as a 'an e2en n te'$er1 $ansta3n& and 'et+odcal1 of
e#ce$tonal ablt"1 and )tterl" free fro' an" +all)cnaton or an"t+n& to
ndcate ot+er t+an a 8ellCordered bran.
-e 8as a fr' bele2er n all t+at +e )ttered or 8rote abo)t 'atters of a
s$rt)al nat)re1 and +e '$ressed 'eand1 I bele2e1 'ost ot+ers +e ca'e
n contact 8t+8t+ t+e &en)neness of +s con2ctons1 and a fr' belef
not onl" t+at +e bele2ed n t+e state'ents +e +ad 'ade and 8rtten1 b)t t+at
t+e" 8ere t+e o)tco'e of a 'nd 8+c+ +ad &2en tself )$ entrel" to t+e
st)d" of a s)bDect 8+c+ +e consdered of essental 2al)e and '$ortance to
t+e 8elfare of +s fello8 'en.
I +a2e attended +' n se2eral 2er" se2ere llnesses1 b)t ne2er1 n
sc3ness or at ot+er t'es1 +as +s bran s+o8n t+e sl&+test clo)dness or
s)ffered fro' an" del)son. I not onl" consder t+at +e bele2ed 8+at +e
stated1 b)t I t+n3 t+at t+ose 8+o 3ne8 +' best 8o)ld not for an nstant
do)bt t+at all +e stated 8ere facts and 8ords of tr)t+.(ncerel" "o)rs1
6/. G. 7O-!(O!.9
In anot+er letter ,r. 7o+nson sa"sJ
-e 8as a 'ost lo2able c+aracterG 3nd and &enero)s n +s e2er" actonG
and 8t+ a f)nd of nfor'aton on 'ost s)bDects 8+c+ 'ade +' a 'ost
8elco'e &)est.9
,r. E2e1 +ead'aster of :n2erst" Colle&e (c+ool1 8rtes as follo8s to
Professor (d&8c3J
:!IVER(ITY COLLEGE (C-OOL1 GO6ER (TREET1
LO!,O!1 6.C.1 2arch *Ath, *A@;.
/Y ,E%R (I,G6ICR1(tanton /oses 8as an e#cellent collea&)e. -e
confned +'self entrel" to En&ls+G n t+at s)bDect +e too3 classes n all
$arts of t+e sc+ool1 and +s 8or3 8as al8a"s 8ell and 'et+odcall" done.
-e ta)&+t essa"C8rtn& 8ell1 and 8as 2er" s3lf)l n a$$recatn& t+e
relat2e 2al)e of bo"s5 essa"s1 8+c+ s not eas". -e 8as ')c+ loo3ed )$ to
b" bo"s1 and +ad consderable nfl)ence o2er t+e'. On &eneral $onts
connected 8t+ t+e 'ana&e'ent of t+e sc+ool +e 8as one of t+e collea&)es
to 8+o' I 'ost nat)rall" t)rned for ad2ce1 and I +a2e e2er" reason to be
&ratef)l to +'.Yo)rs 2er" sncerel"1
-. 6. EVE.9
+ii,KNN-
/r. 4. 6. Le2ander1 a 'aster at :n2erst" Colle&e (c+ool1 8rtes to 'e
t+)sJ
:!IVER(ITY COLLEGE (C-OOL1 GO6ER (TREET1
LO!,O!1 6.C.1 2ay *Bth, *A@;.
,E%R (IR1/" acE)antance 8t+ t+e late 6. (tanton /oses
co''enced n t+e "ear *A=*1 8+en +e frst beca'e one of t+e 'asters +ere.
T+s acE)antance soon e#tended be"ond t+e nat)re of t+at &enerall" 'et
8t+ bet8een collea&)esG t r$ened nto a constantl" ncreasn& frends+$1
8+c+ contn)ed )nbro3en )ntl +s deat+. ,)rn& t+e 8+ole of t+s lon&
$erod +e al8a"s '$ressed 'e 8t+ t+e dea t+at +e 8as t+oro)&+l" earnest
and conscento)s1 and I bele2e t+at $erfect relance can be $laced on all +s
state'ents.Yo)rs fat+f)ll"1
4. 6. LEV%!,ER.9
I +a2e often +eard /r. /oses dsc)ssed b" $ersons of o$nons o$$osed
to +s o8nG and snce I o8e t to '" readers to 'a3e t+e $resent $a$er not
'erel" e)lo&stc1 b)t as acc)ratel" descr$t2e as '" 'aterals allo81 I feel
bo)nd to re$rod)ce ad2erse crtcs's. I +a2e1 t+en1 +eard +'1 n +s later
"ears1 c+aractersed as an obstnate1 conf)sed1 and rrtable contro2ersalst I
+a2e +eard +' descrbed as lac3n& n t+e &race of +)'lt"1 and n t+at
s$rt)alt" of tastes and c+aracter 8+c+ s+o)ld see' a$$ro$rate to one
l2n& ')c+ n t+e co''erce of t+e :nseen. B)t I +a2e ne2er +eard an" one
8+o +ad e2en t+e sl&+test acE)antance 8t+ /r. /oses '$)&n +s sant"
or +s sncert"1 +s 2eract" or +s +ono)r.
9+' A . 4ro' t+e $reface to Spirit Teachings, b" 6. (tanton /oses.
T+e co'')ncatons 8+c+ for' t+e b)l3 of t+s 2ol)'e 8ere rece2ed
b" t+e $rocess 3no8n as a)to'atc or $ass2e 8rtn&. T+s s to be
dstn&)s+ed fro' Ps"c+o&ra$+". In t+e for'er case t+e $s"c+c +olds t+e
$en or $encl1 or $laces +s +and )$on t+e $lanc+ette1 and t+e 'essa&e s
8rtten 8t+o)t t+e consco)s nter2enton of +s 'nd. In t+e latter case t+e
8rtn& s drect1 or s obtaned 8t+o)t t+e )se of t+e +and of t+e $s"c+c1
and so'et'es 8t+o)t t+e ad of $en or $encl.
%)to'atc 8rtn& s a 8ellC3no8n 'et+od of co'')ncaton 8t+ t+e
n2sble 8orld of 8+at 8e loosel" call ($rt. I )se t+at 8ord as t+e 'ost
ntell&ble to '" readers1 t+o)&+ I a' 8ell a8are t+at I s+all be told t+at I
o)&+t not to a$$l" an" s)c+ ter' to 'an" of t+e )nseen ben&s 8+o
co'')ncate 8t+ eart+1 of 8+o' 8e +ear ')c+ and often as ben& t+e
reiqui of +)'ant"1 t+e shes of 8+at 8ere once men. It s no $art of '"
b)sness to enter nto t+s &+ost E)eston. /" nterloc)tors call t+e'sel2es
s$rts1 $er+a$s beca)se I so call t+e'1 and s$rts t+e" are to 'e for '"
$resent $)r$oses.
T+ese 'essa&es be&an to be 8rtten t+ro)&+ '" +and D)st ten "ears
snce /arc+ ;>t+1 *A=;abo)t a "ear after '" frst ntrod)cton to
($rt)als'. I +ad +ad 'an" co'')ncatons before1 and t+s 'et+od 8as
ado$ted for t+e $)r$ose of con2enence1 and also to $reser2e 8+at 8as
ntended to be a connected bod" of teac+n&. T+e laboro)s 'et+od of
ra$$n& o)t 'essa&es 8as 'anfestl" )nftted for co'')ncatons s)c+ as
t+ose 8+c+ I +ere $rnt. If s$o3en t+ro)&+ t+e l$s of t+e 'ed)' n trance
t+e" 8ere $artall" lost1 and t 8as 'oreo2er '$ossble at frst to rel" )$on
s)c+ a 'eas)re of 'ental $ass2t" as 8o)ld $reser2e t+e' fro' ad'#t)re
8t+ +s deas. I $roc)red a $oc3etCboo3 8+c+ I +abt)all" carred abo)t
8t+ 'e. I soon fo)nd t+at +ii,KNO- 8rtn& flo8ed 'ore easl" 8+en I )sed
a boo3 t+at 8as $er'eated 8t+ t+e $s"c+c a)raG D)st as ra$s co'e 'ore
easl" on a table t+at +as been freE)entl" )sed for t+e $)r$ose1 and as
$+eno'ena occ)r 'ost readl" n t+e 'ed)'5s o8n roo'.
%t frst t+e 8rtn& 8as 2er" s'all and rre&)lar1 and t 8as necessar"
for 'e to 8rte slo8l" and ca)to)sl"1 and to 8atc+ t+e +and1 follo8n& t+e
lnes 8t+ '" e"eG ot+er8se t+e 'essa&e soon beca'e nco+erent1 and t+e
res)lt 8as 'ere scrbble. In a s+ort t'e1 +o8e2er1 I fo)nd t+at I co)ld
ds$ense 8t+ t+ese $reca)tons. T+e 8rtn&1 8+le beco'n& 'ore and
'ore 'n)te1 beca'e at t+e sa'e t'e 2er" re&)lar and bea)tf)ll" for'ed.
%s a s$ec'en of cal&ra$+" so'e of t+e $a&es are e#ceedn&l" bea)tf)l.
T+e ans8ers to '" E)estons (8rtten at t+e to$ of t+e $a&e) 8ere
$ara&ra$+ed and arran&ed as f for t+e $ress1 and t+e na'e of God 8as
al8a"s 8rtten n ca$tals and slo8l"1 and1 as t see'ed1 re2erentall". T+e
s)bDect 'atter 8as al8a"s of a $)re and ele2ated c+aracter1 ')c+ of t ben&
of $ersonal a$$lcaton1 ntended for '" o8n &)dance and drecton. I 'a"
sa" t+at t+ro)&+o)t t+e 8+ole of t+ese 8rtten co'')ncatons1 e#tendn&
n )nbro3en contn)t" to t+e "ear *AA>1 t+ere s no fl$$ant 'essa&e1 no
atte'$t at Dest1 no 2)l&art" or ncon&r)t"1 no false or 'sleadn& state'ent1
so far as I 3no8 or co)ld dsco2erG not+n& nco'$atble 8t+ t+e a2o8ed
obDect1 a&an and a&an re$eated1 of nstr)cton1 enl&+ten'ent1 and
&)dance b" s$rts ftted for t+e tas3. 7)d&ed as I s+o)ld 8s+ to be D)d&ed
'"self1 t+e" 8ere 8+at t+e" $retended to be. T+er 8ords 8ere 8ords of
sncert"1 and of sober1 sero)s $)r$ose.
T+e earlest co'')ncatons 8ere all 8rtten n t+e 'n)te c+aracters
t+at I +a2e descrbed1 and 8ere )nfor' n st"le and n t+e s&nat)re1
,octor1 t+e Teac+er19 nor +a2e +s 'essa&es e2er 2ared d)rn& all t+e
"ears t+at +e +as 8rtten. 6+ene2er and 8+ere2er +e 8rote1 +s +and8rtn&
8as )nc+an&ed1 s+o8n& ndeed less c+an&e t+an '" o8n does d)rn& t+e
last decade. T+e trc3s of st"le re'aned t+e sa'e1 and t+ere 8as1 n s+ort1 a
s)staned nd2d)alt" t+ro)&+o)t +s 'essa&es. -e s to 'e an entt"1 a
$ersonalt"1 a ben& 8t+ +s o8n dos"ncrases and c+aracterstcs E)te as
clearl" defned as t+e +)'an ben&s 8t+ 8+o' I co'e n contact1 f ndeed
I do not do +' nD)stce b" t+e broad co'$arson.
%fter a t'e1 co'')ncatons ca'e fro' ot+er so)rces1 and t+ese 8ere
dstn&)s+ed eac+ b" ts o8n +and8rtn&1 and b" ts o8n $ec)lartes of
st"le and e#$resson. T+ese1 once ass)'ed1 8ere eE)all" n2arable. I co)ld
tell at once 8+o 8as 8rtn& b" t+e 'ere c+aracterstcs of t+e cal&ra$+".
B" de&rees1 I fo)nd t+at 'an" s$rts 8+o 8ere )nable to nfl)ence '"
+and t+e'sel2es so)&+t t+e ad of a s$rt Rector19 8+o 8as a$$arentl"
able to 8rte 'ore freel" and 8t+ less stran on 'eG for 8rtn& b" a s$rt
)nacc)sto'ed to t+e 8or3 8as often nco+erent1 and al8a"s res)lted n a
sero)s dran )$on '" 2tal $o8ers. T+e" dd not 3no8 +o8 easl" t+e
reser2e of force 8as e#+a)sted1 and I s)ffered $ro$ortonatel".
/oreo2er1 t+e 8rtn& of t+e s$rt 8+o t+)s beca'e a sort of
a'an)enss 8as fl)ent and eas" to dec$+er1 8+ereas t+at of 'an" s$rts
8as cra'$ed1 arc+ac n for'1 and freE)entl" e#ec)ted 8t+ dffc)lt"1 and
al'ost lle&ble. (o t ca'e to $ass1 as a 'atter of ordnar" co)rse1 Rector9
8rote1 b)t 8+en a s$rt ca'e for t+e frst t'e1 or 8+en t 8as desred to
e'$+asse a co'')ncaton1 t+e s$rt res$onsble for t+e 'essa&e 8rote for
+'self.
+ii,KOP-
It ')st not be ass)'ed1 +o8e2er1 t+at all 'essa&es $roceeded fro' one
soltar" ns$raton. In t+e case of t+e 'aDort" of t+e co'')ncatons
$rnted n t+s 2ol)'e t+s s so. T+e 2ol)'e s a record d)rn& 8+c+
I'$erator9 8as alone concerned 8t+ 'e1 t+o)&+1 as +e ne2er atte'$ted
8rtn&1 Rector9 acted as +s a'an)enss. %t ot+er t'es1 and es$ecall"
snce t+at t'e1 co'')ncatons +a2e a$$arentl" $roceeded fro' a
co'$an" of assocated s$rts1 8+o +a2e )sed t+er a'an)enss for t+e
$)r$ose of t+er 'essa&e. T+s 8as ncreasn&l" t+e case d)rn& t+e last f2e
"ears t+at I rece2ed t+ese co'')ncatons.
T+e crc)'stances )nder 8+c+ t+e 'essa&es 8ere 8rtten 8ere
nfntel" 2ared. %s a r)le t 8as necessar" t+at I s+o)ld be solated1 and t+e
'ore $ass2e '" 'nd t+e 'ore eas" t+e co'')ncatons. B)t I +a2e
rece2ed 'essa&es )nder all sorts of condtons. %t frst t+e" ca'e 8t+
dffc)lt"1 b)t soon t+e 'ec+ancal 'et+od a$$eared to be 'astered1 and
$a&e after $a&e 8as co2ered 8t+ 'atter of 8+c+ t+e s$ec'ens contaned
n t+s boo3 8ll enable t+e $)blc to D)d&e.
6+at s no8 $rnted +as been s)bDected to re2son b" a 'et+od s'lar
to t+at b" 8+c+ t 8as frst 8rtten. Or&nall" $)bls+ed n t+e Spirituaist
ne8s$a$er1 t+e 'essa&es +a2e been re2sed b)t not s)bstantall" altered b"
t+ose 8+o frst 8rote t+e'. 6+en t+e $)blcaton n t+e Spirituaist 8as
co''enced1 I +ad no sort of dea of don& 8+at s no8 ben& done. 4rends
desred s$ec'ens to be $)bls+ed1 and t+e selecton 8as 'ade 8t+o)t an"
re&ard to contn)t". I 8as &o2erned onl" b" a desre to a2od t+e
$)blcaton of 8+at 8as of $ersonal nterest onl"1 and I1 $erforce1 e#cl)ded
')c+ t+at n2ol2ed all)son to t+ose stll l2n&1 8+o' I +ad no r&+t to dra&
nto $rnt. I dsl3ed $rntn& $ersonal 'atter relatn& to '"selfG I +ad1
ob2o)sl"1 no r&+t to $rnt t+at 8+c+ concerned ot+ers. (o'e of t+e 'ost
str3n& and '$ress2e co'')ncatons +a2e t+)s been e#cl)ded1 and 8+at
s $rnted ')st be re&arded as a 'ere sa'$le of 8+at cannot see t+e l&+t
no81 and 8+c+ ')st be reser2ed for consderaton at a re'ote $erod1 8+en
I and t+ose concerned can no lon&er be a&&re2ed b" ts $)blcaton.
It s an nterestn& s)bDect for s$ec)laton 8+et+er '" o8n t+o)&+ts
entered nto t+e s)bDectC'atter of t+e co'')ncatons. I too3 e#traordnar"
$ans to $re2ent an" s)c+ ad'#t)re. %t frst t+e 8rtn& 8as slo81 and t
8as necessar" for 'e to follo8 t 8t+ '" e"e1 b)t e2en t+en t+e t+o)&+ts
8ere not '" t+o)&+ts. Ver" soon t+e 'essa&es ass)'ed a c+aracter of
8+c+ I +ad no do)bt 8+ate2er t+at t+e t+o)&+t 8as o$$osed to '" o8n.
B)t I c)lt2ated t+e $o8er of occ)$"n& '" 'nd 8t+ ot+er t+n&s d)rn&
t+e t'e t+at t+e 8rtn& 8as &on& on1 and 8as able to read an abstr)se
boo31 and follo8 o)t a lne of close reasonn& 8+le t+e 'essa&e 8as
8rtten 8t+ )nbro3en re&)lart". 'essa&es so 8rtten e#tended o2er 'an"
$a&es1 and n t+er co)rse t+ere s no correcton1 no fa)lt n co'$oston1 and
often a s)staned 2&o)r and bea)t" of st"le.
I a' not1 +o8e2er1 concerned to contend t+at '" o8n 'nd 8as not
)tlsed1 or t+at 8+at 8as t+)s 8rtten dd not de$end for ts for' on t+e
'ental E)alfcatons of t+e 'ed)' t+ro)&+ 8+o' t 8as &2en. (o far as I
3no8 t s al8a"s t+e case t+at t+e dos"ncrases of t+e 'ed)' are
traceable n s)c+ co'')ncatons. It s not conce2able t+at t s+o)ld be
ot+er8se. B)t t s certan t+at t+e 'ass of deas con2e"ed to 'e 8ere alen
to '" o8n o$nons1 8ere1 n t+e 'an1 o$$osed to '" settled con2ctons1
and1 'oreo2er1 +ii,KOG- t+at n se2eral cases nfor'aton1 of 8+c+ I 8as
ass)redl" &norant1 clear1 $recse1 and defnte n for'1 s)sce$tble of
2erfcaton1 and al8a"s e#act1 8as t+)s con2e"ed to 'e. %s1 at 'an" of t+e
sUances1 s$rts ca'e and ra$$ed o)t on t+e table clear and $recse
nfor'aton abo)t t+e'sel2es1 8+c+ 8e after8ards 2erfed1 so1 on re$eated
occasons1 8as s)c+ nfor'aton con2e"ed to 'e b" t+s 'et+od of
a)to'atc 8rtn&.
I ar&)e fro' t+e one case to ot+ers. In one I can $ost2el" assert and
$ro2e t+e con2e"ance of nfor'aton ne8 to 'e. In ot+ers I eE)all" bele2e
t+at I 8as n co'')ncaton 8t+ an e#ternal ntell&ence 8+c+ con2e"ed
to 'e t+o)&+ts ot+er t+an '" o8n. Indeed1 t+e s)bDectC'atter of 'an" of
t+e co'')ncatons $rnted n t+s 2ol)'e 8ll1 b" ts o8n n+erent E)alt"1
$robabl" lead to t+e sa'e concl)son.
I ne2er co)ld co''and t+e 8rtn&. It ca'e )nso)&+t )s)all"1 and 8+en
I dd see3 t1 as often as not I 8as )nable to obtan t. % s)dden '$)lse1
co'n& I 3no8 not +o81 led 'e to st do8n and $re$are to 8rte. 6+ere t+e
'essa&es 8ere n re&)lar co)rse I 8as acc)sto'ed to de2ote t+e frst +o)r
of eac+ da" to sttn& for t+er rece$ton. I rose earl"1 and t+e be&nnn& of
t+e da" 8as s$ent1 n a roo' t+at I )sed for no ot+er $)r$ose1 n 8+at 8as to
all ntents and $)r$oses a rel&o)s ser2ce. T+ese 8rtn&s freE)entl" ca'e
t+en1 b)t I co)ld b" no 'eans rec3on )$on t+e'. Ot+er for's of s$rtC
'anfestaton ca'e tooG I 8as rarel" 8t+o)t so'e )nless llC+ealt+
nter2ened1 as t often dd of late "ears1 )ntl t+e 'essa&es ceased.
T+e $artc)lar co'')ncatons 8+c+ I rece2ed fro' t+e s$rt 3no8n
to 'e as I'$erator9 'ar3 a dstnct e$oc+ n '" lfe.
I +a2e noted n t+e co)rse of '" re'ar3s t+e ntense e#altaton of s$rt1
t+e stren)o)s conflct1 t+e nter2als of $eace1 t+at I +a2e snce lon&ed for1
b)t +a2e seldo' attaned1 8+c+ 'ar3ed t+er trans'sson. It 8as a $erod
of ed)caton n 8+c+ I )nder8ent a s$rt)al de2elo$'ent t+at 8as n ts
o)tco'e a 2er" re&eneraton. I cannot +o$e1 I do not tr"1 to con2e" to ot+ers
8+at I t+en e#$erenced. B)t t 'a" $ossbl" be borne n )$on t+e 'nds of
so'e 8+o are not &norant of t+e ds$ensaton of t+e s$rt n t+er o8n
nner sel2es1 t+at for 'e t+e E)eston of t+e benefcent acton of e#ternal
s$rt on '" o8n self 8as t+en fnall" settled. I +a2e ne2er snce1 e2en n t+e
2a&ares of an e#tre'el" sce$tcal 'nd1 and a'd ')c+ ca)se for
E)estonn&1 e2er sero)sl" entertaned a do)bt.
9+* A . 4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. *>BK=.
I 8ll no8 &2e t+e acco)nt of Rector9one of t+e alle&ed re'oter
s$rtsas to a E)otaton fro' a closed and )n3no8n boo3. T+s s$rt 8as1
as descrbed abo2e1 2er" nt'atel" assocated 8t+ /r. /oses1 and
+abt)all" 8rote for I'$erator19 and for t+e &ro)$ of &)des &enerall". -s
+and8rtn& ca'e 'ore and 'ore to rese'ble t+at of /r. /oses +'self. To
+'1 'oreo2er1 8as attrb)ted t+e $o8er of readn& n boo3s )n3no8n to
/r. /oses1 and of 8rtn& o)t 'atter t+ere fo)nd t+ro)&+ /r. /oses5 +and.
?. Can "o) readW
A. !o1 frend1 I cannot1 b)t Vac+ar" Gra" can1 and Rector. I a' not
able to 'ateralse '"self1 or to co''and t+e ele'ents.9
?. %re et+er of t+ose s$rts +ereW
+ii,KOH-
A. I 8ll brn& one b"CandCb". I 8ll sendYRector s +ere.9
?. I a' told "o) can read. Is t+at soW Can "o) read a boo3W
A. L($rt +and8rtn& c+an&ed.M Yes1 frend1 8t+ dffc)lt".9
?. 6ll "o) 8rte for 'e t+e last lne of t+e frst boo3 of t+e cnedW
A. 6at <mnibus errantem terris et $ructibus stas.9
LT+s 8as r&+t.M
?. X)te so. B)t I '&+t +a2e 3no8n t. Can "o) &o to t+e boo3Ccase1
ta3e t+e last boo3 b)t one on t+e second s+elf1 and read 'e t+e last
$ara&ra$+ of t+e nnet"Cfo)rt+ $a&eW I +a2e not seen t1 and do not e2en
3no8 ts na'e.
A. I 8ll c)rtl" $ro2e b" a s+ort +storcal narrat2e1 t+at Po$er" s a
no2elt"1 and +as &rad)all" arsen or &ro8n )$ snce t+e $r't2e and $)re
t'e of C+rstant"1 not onl" snce t+e a$ostolc a&e1 b)t e2en snce t+e
la'entable )non of 3r3 and t+e state b" Constantne.9
LT+e boo3 on e#a'naton $ro2ed to be a E)eer one called 7ogerQs
Antipopopriestian, an atte'$t to lberate and $)rf" C+rstant" fro'
Po$er"1 Polt3r3alt"1 and Prestr)le.9 T+e e#tract &2en abo2e 8as
acc)rate1 b)t t+e 8ord narrat2e9 s)bstt)ted for acco)nt.9M
?. -o8 ca'e I to $tc+ )$on so a$$ro$rate a sentenceW
A. I 3no8 not1 '" frend. It 8as b" concdence. T+e 8ord 8as
c+an&ed b" error. I 3ne8 t 8+en t 8as done1 b)t 8o)ld not c+an&e.9
?. -o8 do "o) readW Yo) 8rote 'ore slo8l"1 and b" fts and starts.
A. I 8rote 8+at I re'e'bered1 and t+en I 8ent for 'ore. It s a s$ecal
effort to read1 and )sef)l onl" as a test. Yo)r frend 8as r&+t last n&+tG 8e
can read1 b)t onl" 8+en condtons are 2er" &ood. 6e 8ll read once a&an1
and 8rte and t+en '$ress "o) of t+e boo3JHPo$e s t+e last &reat 8rter
of t+at sc+ool of $oetr"1 t+e $oetr" of t+e ntellect1 or rat+er of t+e ntellect
'n&led 8t+ t+e fanc".I T+at s tr)l" 8rtten. Go and ta3e t+e ele2ent+
boo3 on t+e sa'e s+elf. LI too3 a boo3 called &oetry, 7omance, and
7hetoric.M It 8ll o$en at t+e $a&e for "o). Ta3e t and read1 and reco&nse
o)r $o8er1 and t+e $er'sson 8+c+ t+e &reat and &ood God &2es )s1 to
s+o8 "o) of o)r $o8er o2er 'atter. To -' be &lor". %'en.9
LT+e boo3 o$ened at $a&e *<?1 and t+ere 8as t+e E)otaton $erfectl"
tr)e. I +ad not seen t+e boo3 beforeJ certanl" +ad no dea of ts contents.M
LT+ese boo3s 8ere n ,r. ($eer5s lbrar".4.6.-./.M
It s $lan t+at a $o8er s)c+ as t+s of acE)rn& and re$rod)cn& fres+
3no8led&e nter$oses ')c+ dffc)lt" n t+e 8a" of dentf"n& an" alle&ed
s$rt b" 'eans of +s 3no8led&e of t+e facts of +s eart+Clfe.
9+) A . L%brd&ed fro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. B@K@;.M
In +s lttle boo3 on ($rt Identt"9 (*A=@)1 /r. /oses +ad collected
so'e of t+e 'ost '$ress2e of t+ese cases of dentt"1 and added so'e
nterestn& 'atter as to t+e s)bDect2e sde of +s e#$erences. T+e boo3 8as
ne2er 8del" 3no8nG and 8+en t+e s'all edton 8as e#+a)sted /r. /oses
$ost$oned t+e re$)blcaton1 on t+e &ro)nd t+at t+e boo3 8as '$erfect1 and
t+at +e +ad no t'e to '$ro2e t. I re$eatedl" $ressed +' on t+e s)bDectG
and 8+en last 8e s$o3e of t (October *?t+1 *AAB)1 +e sad t+at +e 8o)ld
so'e t'e reC8rte t+e boo31 and 8o)ld cons)lt 'e as to f)rt+er $assa&es of
/(. to be $)bls+ed. T+e boo3 +ii,KOI- 8as ne2er reC8rttenG b)t an essa"
called T+e Identt" of ($rt19 fo)nd a'on& /r. /oses5 $a$ers1 and
a$$arentl" ntended to be read to t+e London ($rt)alst %llance1 n so'e
de&ree f)lfls +s e#$ressed ntenton. I co'')ncated t+s $a$er frst to
.ight, t+e ne8s$a$er of 8+c+ /r. /oses 8as Edtor )ntl +s deat+. I +a2e
caref)ll" co'$ared t 8t+ t+e /((. on 8+c+ t rests1 and +a2e fo)nd t
acc)rate. I +a2e also dsc)ssed t 8t+ /rs. ($eer1 8+o +el$ed /r. /oses n
ts co'$laton and 2o)c+es for facts of 2erfcaton1 &c.1 not recorded n
t+e /(. 4ro' t+s $a$er I cte t+e follo8n& nstances. I add n sE)are
brac3ets a fe8 notes 8+ere I +a2e been able to brn& so'e nde$endent
corroboraton.
(*) It 8as n %)&)st *A=.1 t+at I frst beca'e acE)anted 8t+ e2dence
of ($rt Identt". ,r. and /rs. ($eer and I 8ere t+en sttn& re&)larl"
al'ost e2er" e2enn&. % frend of /rs. ($eer5s1 of 8+o' I +ad ne2er +eard1
ca'e and 8rote t+ro)&+ '" +and +er na'e1 %. P. Rr3land.9 ,r. ($eer
sad1 Is t+at o)r old frendW9 T+en I 8rote. Yes. I ca'e to tell "o) t+at I
a' +a$$"1 b)t I can5t '$ress o)r frend toCn&+t.9 T+e +and8rtn& t+en
c+an&ed1 and t+ere ca'e co'')ncatons fro' /r. Callster (a frend of
'ne)G and fro' '" co)sn1 T.7.(.G and fro' anot+er s$rt1 8+c+ I do not
t+n3 t of '$ortance to 'enton +ere.
6t+ re&ard to t+ese co'')ncatons1 t+e" 8ere dstnct n st"le1 and t
s of '$ortance to notce t+at t+e +and8rtn& of /ss Rr3land 8as 2er"
s'lar to +er o8n1 8+c+ I +ad ne2er seen1 and t+at of /r. Callster1 on
ben& E)estoned as to +s dentt"1 recalled to '" 'e'or" a fact 8+c+ +ad
esca$ed t1 and referred to a con2ersaton1 t+e last I +ad +ad 8t+ +' on
eart+. T+s I do not add)ce as e2dence of dentt"1 nor do I 8t+dra8 t as
s)c+.
T+s 8as on %)&)st .*st1 *A=.1 and on (e$te'ber <t+ n t+e sa'e "ear
t+ere ca'e a lttle sster of ,r. ($eer5s1 $artc)lars res$ectn& 8+c+ case are
$rnted n ($rt Identt"19 $. ?@1 as follo8sJ
(.) I $ass to a case n 8+c+ a s$rt 8+o frst 'anfested +er $resence
on (e$te'ber <t+1 *A=.1 +as re'aned n $er'anent co'')ncaton 8t+ )s
e2er snce. I note t+s case beca)se 8e +a2e t+e ad2anta&e of $rolon&ed
nterco)rse to ad )s n for'n& an o$non as to dentt"1 and beca)se t+e
s$rt +as not onl" &2en an )neE)2ocal $roof of +er c+aracterstc
nd2d)alt"1 b)t +as e2denced +er $resence n 2aro)s 8a"s. T+s s a
re'ar3able case1 too1 as tendn& to $ro2e t+at lfe once &2en s
ndestr)ctble1 and t+at t+e s$rt 8+c+ +as once an'ated a +)'an bod"1
+o8e2er bref ts ten)re1 l2es on 8t+ )n'$ared dentt".
T+e s$rt n E)eston anno)nced +erself b" ra$s1 &2n& a 'essa&e n
4renc+. (+e sad s+e 8as a sster of ,r. ($eer5s1 and +ad $assed a8a" at
To)rs1 an nfant of se2en 'ont+s old. I +ad ne2er +eard +er 'entoned1 and
+er brot+er +ad for&otten +er e#stence1 for s+e l2ed and ded before +s
brt+. Clar2o"ants +ad al8a"s descrbed a c+ld as ben& n '" co'$an"1
and I +ad 8ondered at t+s1 seen& t+at I +ad no trace of an" s)c+ relaton or
frend. -ere 8as t+e e#$lanaton. 4ro' t+e t'e of +er frst a$$earance s+e
+ad re'aned attac+ed to t+e fa'l"1 and +er clear1 Do"o)s lttle ra$1
$erfectl" nd2d)al n ts nat)re1 s ne2erCfaln& e2dence of +er $resence.
It ne2er 2ares1 and 8e all 3no8 t at once as s)rel" as 8e s+o)ld 3no8 t+e
tone of a frend5s 2oce. (+e &a2e $artc)lars of +erself1 and also +er fo)r
na'es n f)ll. One ((tan+o$e) 8as ne8 to +er brot+er1 and +e 2erfed t
onl" b" reference to +ii,KOJ- anot+er 'e'ber of t+e fa'l" (/rs. ,ens).
!a'es1 and dates1 and facts 8ere al3e )n3no8n to 'e. I 8as absol)tel"
&norant of t+e fact of t+e e#stence of an" s)c+ $erson.9
(;) On an e2enn& n t+e 'ont+ of 7an)ar" *A=<1 I re$eatedl" sad to
/rs. ($eer1 6+o s E'l" C.W -er na'e 3ee$s so)ndn& n '" ear.9
/rs. ($eer re$led t+at s+e dd not 3no8 an" one of t+at na'e. Yes19 I sad
2er" e'$+atcall"1 t+ere s so'e one of t+at na'e $assed o2er to t+e 8orld
of s$rt.9 (+e co)ld &2e 'e no nfor'aton1 and I 8as dst)rbed1 n t+e
8a" n 8+c+ I al8a"s a' 8+en s)c+ t+n&s ta3e $lace. T+s s one of t+e
'an" cases occ)rrn& abo)t t+s t'e. 6+en t+e e2enn& $a$er ca'e n 8e
loo3ed (as 8e freE)entl" dd) at t+e obt)ar". I 'a" sa" t+at o)r 'nds 8ere
set on t+s s)bDect of dentt". %t o)r dal" sttn&s fact on fact 8as &2en to
$ro2e t and to re'o2e an" do)bts. It beca'e a re&)lar t+n& for )s to
rece2e a 'essa&e &2n& s)c+ facts as an obt)ar" notce 8o)ld contan. 6e
t+erefore loo3ed for t+e'1 and 8e fo)nd an anno)nce'ent of t+e deat+ of
E'l"1 8do8 of t+e late Ca$tan C C.9 On a s)bseE)ent e2enn&
n t+e follo8n& "ear1 t+e date of 8+c+ I can $rod)ce1 b)t 8+c+ I +a2e not
b" 'e at t+e 'o'ent1 s+e ret)rned a&an. ,r. ($eer and I +ad &one o)t for a
8al3 n t+e afternoonI 8as t+en sta"n& 8t+ +' at ,)dle" Vlla1
(+an3ln1 Isle of 6&+tand at o)r sUance n t+e e2enn& ca'e E'l" C
C.9 I nE)red 8+at bro)&+t +er1 and +er ans8er 8as ra$$ed o)t
on t+e table1 Yo) $assed '" &ra2e.9 -ere I s+o)ld e#$lan t+at at t+s t'e
I ne2er 8ent near a &ra2e"ard b)t I attracted so'e s$rt1 dentfed
after8ards as one 8+ose bod" la" t+ere. I sad1 !o1 t+at s '$ossbleG 8e
+a2e been near no &ra2e"ard19 and ,r. ($eer confr'ed '" '$resson. T+e
co'')ncaton1 +o8e2er1 8as $ersstent1 and 8e a&reed t+at 8e 8o)ld ta3e
t+e sa'e 8al3 t+e ne#t da". 6e dd so1 and at a certan $lace I +ad an
'$)lse to cl'b )$ and loo3 o2er a 8all1 8+c+ E)te s+)t o)t fro' t+e
2e8 of t+e ordnar" $asserCb" 8+at 8as be+nd t. I cl'bed )$ and loo3ed
o2er1 and '" e"e fell at once on t+e &ra2e of E'l" C C19 and on
t+e dates and $artc)lars &2en to )s1 all e#actl" acc)rate.
(<) %not+er nstance s'lar n 3ndt+o)&+ t+s s of a $ersonal frend
of /rs. ($eer5ss t+e case of Cecla 4elden. ((ee ($rt Identt"19 $. ?A.)
6e 8ere t+en at (+an3ln1 sttn& re&)larl" e2er" e2enn&1 8+en on 7an)ar"
*st1 *A=<1 t+ere ca'e a fres+ so)nd1 a lttle tc3n& so)nd n t+e ar1 close to
/rs. ($eer. 6e nE)red 8+at t '&+t re$resent1 and 8ere told t+at t
ndcated t+e $resence of Cecla 4elden1 8+o +ad ded *= "ears a&o. 6e
as3ed 8+" s+e ca'e1 and 8ere told t+at s+e +ad been attracted to +er old
frend1 /rs. ($eer1 t+ro)&+ 'e1 and n conseE)ence of ,r. ($eer5s and '"
$resence at +er &ra2e at Bonc+)rc+ t+at afternoon. (+e ans8ered 'an"
E)estons1 and fnall" ra$$ed o)t1 I ')st no8 de$art. %de).9 T+s 8ord
/ss 4elden al8a"s )sed at t+e end of +er letters. /rs. ($eer tells 'e t+at
s+e seldo' concl)ded a letter ot+er8se. I +ad ne2er 3no8n +er1 or +eard of
+er )ntl ,r. ($eer $onted o)t +er &ra2e. 6+en 8e rose fro' t+e table 8e
fo)nd t+at a $ece of 'ar3ed $a$er1 8+c+ 8e +ad $)t do8n )nder t+e table1
+ad 8rtten )$on t t+e 8ords1 $assed *= "ears.9
(?) %&an1 t+ere s t+e case of -enr" ($ratle". 6e 8ere t+en t+e sa'e
crcle1 sttn& n t+e sa'e 8a"1 on 7an)ar" .nd1 *A=<1 and I can a2er t+at not
one of )s +ad e2er +eard of t+s $erson. -e +ad latel" de$arted (,ece'ber
*A=;)1 and t 8as alle&ed t+at +e +ad been bro)&+t b" t+e controlln& s$rt1
+ii,KOK- I'$erator19 for $)r$oses of e2dence1 and n $)rs)ance of a $lan
ntended to brea3 do8n '" $ersstent sce$tcs'. 6e +ad fro' +'
'essa&es of t+e )s)al t"$e1 sa"n& s'$l" 8+o +e 8as1 8+en +e 8as born1
and 8+en +e ded. 6e fo)nd t dffc)lt1 I re'e'ber1 to 2erf" t+e facts1 b)t
n t+e end /rs. ($eer s)cceeded n don& so b" 8rtn& (*) to t+e Post
Offce1 'a3n& a &eneral nE)r"1 to 8+c+ no ans8er ca'eG (.) to t+e 2car
of /aden+ead1 8t+ no re$l" (8e after8ards dsco2ered t+at +e 8as on +s
+olda")G (;) to t+e $resent occ)$ant of /oor Cotta&e19 t+e address &2en
to )s b" t+e s$rtG (<) to +s nearest s)r22n& re$resentat2e1 8+o 8rote
bac3 8t+ so'e s)r$rse to sa" t+at all t+n&s 8ere E)te tr)e. /" fat+er
l2ed +ere tll +e ded on ,ece'ber .<t+.9
(B) %not+er acco)nt to 8+c+ I s+o)ld l3e to refer s t+at of Rosa'ra
LancasterJ
On 4ebr)ar" .At+1 *A=<1 and follo8n& e2enn& a s$rt ca'e b" ra$s1
and &a2e t+e na'e of HRosa'ra.I (+e sad t+at s+e ded at TorE)a" on
7an)ar" *>t+1 *A=<1 and t+at s+e +ad l2ed at Rlb)rn. (+e stated t+at +er
+)sband5s na'e 8as HLancaster.I %t t+s t'e I 8as tro)bled abo)t detals1
and so I as3ed +er +)sband5s C+rstan na'e1 and I &ot HBen1I and t+en t+e
$o8er faled. (T+e obt)ar" s+o8ed t+at t+e f)ll na'e 8as BenDa'n.) I t+en
$assed )nder t+e control of HI'$erator1I and +e sad t+at +e +ad tred as far
as +e co)ld to brn& t+s s$rt to )s. %fter8ards t+e tr)t+ of t+e state'ents
8as 2erfed b" 'e1 and t+e" 8ere fo)nd to be absol)tel" e#actG and t s1
$er+a$s1 '$ortant to sa" n t+s connecton t+at not onl" 8ere t+e" (i.e. t+e
facts) lterall" tr)e1 b)t t+at not+n& 8as sad t+at 8as not tr)eG nor 8as
t+ere an" s)r$l)sa&e of detalonl" $lan1 defnte1 $ost2e facts.9
L6e +a2e 2erfed t+s deat+ fro' an anno)nce'ent n t+e *aiy
Teegraph of 7an)ar" *?t+1 *A=<1 of co)rse $)bls+ed lon& before t+e na'e
8as &2en b" ra$s at t+e sUance. It s t+erefore E)te $ossble t+at t+e na'e
s+o)ld +a2e been )n8ttn&l" seen b" /r. /oses1 and +ere re$rod)ced fro'
+s s)bl'nal 'e'or".4.6.-./.M
(=) I 8ll no8 E)ote t+e case &2en n ($rt Identt"19 $. *@;
(%$$end# III.)1 of a /an Cr)s+ed b" a (tea'Croller19 as contrb)ted b" an
e"eC8tness of t+e sUance L4. 6. Perc2alM to t+e Spirituaist of /arc+ .=t+1
*A=<.
On t+e e2enn& of (at)rda". 4ebr)ar" .*st1 a fe8 frends 'et to&et+er
at t+e +o)se of /rs1 /a3do)&all Gre&or"1 .* Green (treet1 Gros2enor
(E)are1 6. T+e $art" n)'bered s# n all1 and ncl)ded t+e Baron ,) Potet1
and t+e &entle'an to 8+ose 'ed)'s+$ 8e are ndebted for t+e H($rt
Teac+n&sI 8+c+ +a2e a$$eared fro' t'e to t'e n "o)r col)'ns. T+ere
8as no ntenton of +a2n& a sUance1 and ordnar" to$cs 8ere t+e s)bDect of
con2ersaton1 8+en s)ddenl"1 n t+e 'ddle of dnner1 t+s &entle'an
s)r$rsed )s b" sa"n& t+at +e felt a s$rt standn& near +' bet8een
+'self and t+e Baron (8+o sat on +s r&+t)G 8+et+er &ood or bad +e co)ld
not tell1 b)t t+e nfl)ence 8as b" no 'eans $leasant. T+e s$rt 8as also
$erce2ed b" t+e Baron1 to 8+o' t con2e"ed t+e '$resson t+at t 8as n a
state of &reat dstress1 and t+at t 8as t+e s$rt of a $erson t+en al2e.
!ot+n& 'ore 8as sad at t+e t'e1 b)t t+e 'ed)' contn)ed to feel a
dsa&reeable nfl)ence near +'1 and s$o3e of t to 'e 8+en dnner 8as
o2er. %s soon as 8e reac+ed t+e dra8n&Croo' +e 8as '$elled to st do8n
and 8rteG and 8+en a $encl and $a$er +ad been bro)&+t1 +s +and 8as
'o2ed bac38ards and for8ards 8t+ &reat ra$dt"1 and an obDect 8as
ro)&+l" dra8n on t+e $a$er +ii,KOL- 8+c+ rese'bled a +orse fastened to a
3nd of cart or tr)c3. (e2eral atte'$ts 8ere 'ade to de$ct t 'ore clearl"1
and t+en t+e follo8n& sentences 8ere 8rttenJHI 3lled '"selfI 3lled
'"self toda"Ba3er (treet'ed)' $assed.I -ere t+e 8rtn& beca'e
)nntell&ble1 as t+e 'ed)' &re8 'ore and 'ore a&tated1 )ntl at len&t+
+e rose fro' +s seat n a state of trance1 and e#cla'ed n bro3en sentencesJ
HYes1 "es. Rlled '"self toda"1 )nder a stea'Croller. Yes1 "es. Rlled '"self
blood1 blood1 blood.I T+e control t+en ceased1 b)t t+e 'ed)' felt t+e
sa'e )n$leasant nfl)ence for so'e +o)rs after8ards1 and co)ld not entrel"
s+a3e t off for so'e da"s. In reference to t+e co'')ncaton1 I 'a" state
t+at1 alt+o)&+ t+e 'ed)' +ad $assed t+ro)&+ Ba3er (treet n t+e afternoon1
net+er +e nor an" one $resent 8as a8are t+at a 'an +ad co''tted s)cde
t+ere n t+e 'ornn& b" t+ro8n& +'self )nder a stea'Croller. % bref
notce of t+e occ)rrence a$$eared n t+e &a 2a :a3ette n t+e e2enn&1
b)t none of t+e $art" +ad seen t+at $a$er. It s 8ort+ re'ar3n& t+at on t+e
front of t+e stea'Croller 8+c+ 8as )sed n Ba3er (treet a +orse s
re$resented n brass1 and t+s1 $er+a$s1 'a" ser2e to acco)nt for ts
a$$earance n t+e 'ed)'5s dra8n& 8+ere 8e s+o)ld certanl" not e#$ect
to fnd t.9
LIt a$$ears t+at t+e deceased 8as a cabCdr2er1 and t+e dra8n& 'ore
$robabl" +ad reference to t+s1 as /r. Pod'ore s)&&ests n Studies in
&sychica 7esearch, $. *;*1 footnote. (ee also t+e reference to t+s case n
t+e entr" connected 8t+ Blanc+e %bercro'b"1 secton 9+9.4.6.-./.M
(A) O)t of a $rof)son of cases +ere s one of a dfferent 3nd. In t+e "ear
*AA>1 one T+)rsda" afternoon (date )n3no8n)1 ,r. and /rs. ($eer and I
+ad dned to&et+er1 and t+e $art" ncl)ded a lad" 8+o +ad been 2stn& a
connecton of ,r. ($eer5s fa'l" n t+at s$rn&. T+ere s+e +ad seen1 and
been ')c+ attracted to1 a lo2el" lttle &rl abo)t se2en 'ont+s old. T+e c+ld
)sed to be bro)&+t n after dnner1 and t+e lad" n E)eston &re8 2er" fond
of +er. Bet8een t+e t'e of lea2n& +er frends and co'n& to London t+e
c+ld $assed a8a". It s '$ortant to notce t+at none of t+ese $onts +ad
e2er been 'entoned to1 or 8ere 3no8n b"1 '"self. On t+e occason to
8+c+ I refer1 t+s lad" +ad rsen fro' +er seat and 8as abo)t to $lace
+erself n anot+er c+ar1 8+en I s)ddenl" called o)t1 ,on5t st do8n on t1
don5t st do8n on t. Lttle Bab" T''ns.9 !one of )s 3ne8 ts frst na'e1
and t+e" as3ed 'e. I sad /aranG t+e &rand'ot+er +as bro)&+t t.9 I t+en
s)ddenl" ca'e o)t of t+e trance n 8+c+ I +ad been1 and n '" o8n nat)ral
2oceso dfferent to t+e 2oce n 8+c+ I +ad been s$ea3n&sad1 /rs.
($eer1 8ll "o) +a2e so'e coffeeW9 E)te &norant of all t+at +ad $assed. 6e
8rote1 and t+en fo)nd o)t a fact )n3no8n to an" of )s1t+at t+e c+ld5s
na'e 8as /aran. I do not $)t t+s fort+ as a co'$lete $ece of e2dence1
for t+e lad" 'a" +a2e +eard and for&otten t+e na'e.
L/rs. ($eer +as descrbed to 'e t+s ncdent1 8+c+ s re'ar3able as
t+e onl" observed case 8+ere /r. /oses +ad a s)dden access of
)nconsco)sness d)rn& ordnar" lfe1 alt+o)&+ +e +'self 'entons ot+ers.
4.6.-./.M
%s e2dence fro' anot+er $ont of 2e81 I 'a" 'enton t+at I +a2e +ad
re$eated cases of s&nat)res 8+c+ are 2ertable facCs'les of t+ose )sed b"
t+e $ersons n lfeG s)c+1 for e#a'$le1 are t+e s&nat)res of Beet+o2en1
/oNart1 and of (8edenbor&1 n connecton 8t+ 7)d&e Ed'onds. It s
re'ar3able t+at +s s&nat)re1 or rat+er ntals1 n '" boo3 are t+ose 8+c+
+e )sed1 and t+at (8edenbor&5s s&nat)re1 a 2er" $ec)lar one1 s a facC
s'le of +s 3no8n +and8rtn&G E)te )n3no8n1 +o8e2er1 to 'e.
+ii,KOM-
9+) B . I add t8o ot+er cases not ncl)ded b" /r. /oses n +s $a$er on
T+e Identt" of ($rt.9 (4ro' &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. *>>.)
(*) 9anny Destoby.T+s case 8as descrbed b" /r. /oses to Ed')nd
G)rne" and '"self1 8+le t 8as stll fres+1 on o)r frst 'eetn& 8t+ +'1
/a" @t+1 *A=<.
On t+e e2enn& of %$rl At+1 *A=<1 8+le at Bedford 8t+ +s fat+er and
'ot+er1 /r. /oses1 8+o +ad been rece2n& 'essa&es abo)t ancent
rel&ons d)rn& t+e da"1 be&an to as3 a E)eston1 I s+o)ld l19 8+en a
'eann&less dra8n& 8as 'ade n $lace of ntended 8ords.
?. 6+at s all t+atW %nd 8+" 8as I sto$$edW
A. % s$rt 8s+es to co'')ncate1 and 8e are co''anded to $er't
+er. (+e s not able to 8rte 8t+ ease1 b)t 8ll co'')ncate t+ro)&+ )s.
-er na'e s 4ann" 6estob". ,o "o) 3no8 t+e na'eW9
?. I do not re'e'ber.
A. Yo)r 'ot+er 3no8s +er 8ell. (+e s a co)sn of +ers. (+e $assed
fro' "o)r eart+ /a" *?t+ last.
?. 6as s+e 'arredW
A. Yes1 +er 'aden na'e 8as Rr3+a'.9
?. 4ann" Rr3+a'. Yes1 I +a2e a d' re'e'brance. (+e )sed to l2e at
/ar3b".
A. (+e sa"s t+at s+e 8as born n %lford1 n t+e +o)se no8 occ)$ed b"
(a' (te2enson. (+e t+en l2ed at /ar3b"1 and1 +a2n& 'arred1 at
Belc+ford. (+e $assed a8a" at -orncastle1 at B; "ears of a&e. Yo) do not
re'e'ber +er1 8+en1 n t+e "ear *A<?1 "o) 8ent to see +er at /ar3b". -er
'ot+er1 ElNabet+ Rr3+a'1 8as t+en D)st released fro' a ln&ern& llness1
and "o)r 'ot+er +ad &one to condole 8t+ +er co)sn. Yo) 8ere ta3en
ro)nd t+e far'1 and rode on a &oat (s+e s an#o)s on t+s $ont)1 and s+e
t+re8 "o) n s$ort nto a +ea$ of 8+eat 8+c+ 8as ben& t+res+ed. T+e
res)lt 8as t+at "o) 8ere se2erel" btten b" t+e +ar2est b)&. (+e s 2er"
an#o)s t+at "o) s+o)ld recall t+s to "o)r 'ot+er.9
?. I 8ll. B)t s t 8seW
A. Yo) 8ll not be able to nd)ce +er to searc+ nto t+s 'atter1 b)t "o)
'a" satsf" "o)rself t+at 8+at s sad s tr)e.9
?. -as s+e an" 'essa&eW
A. (+e sa"s1 HI lost ')c+ of '" o$$ort)nt" for $ro&ress t+ro)&+ t+e
&ratfcaton of bodl" a$$ette1 8+c+ cast 'e bac3. /" co)rse of $ro&ress
s "et to co'e. I fnd '" $resent lfe not 2er" dfferent fro' "o)rs. I a'
nearl" t+e sa'e. I 8s+ I co)ld nfl)ence /ar"1 b)t I can5t &et near +er.I9
?. Can s+e ass)re 'e t+at s+e is 4.6.W
A. (+e can &2e "o) no f)rt+er e2dence. (ta"1 as3 "o)r fat+er abo)t
,onnn&ton and t+e tra$Cdoor.9
?. I +a2e not t+e least dea 8+at s+e 'eans. %ll t+e better. I 8ll as3.
%n" 'oreW Is s+e +a$$"W
A. (+e s as +a$$" as 'a" be n +er $resent state.9
?. -o8 dd s+e fnd 'e o)tW
A. (+e ca'e b" c+ance1 +o2ern& near +er frend Li.e. /rs. /osesM1 and
dsco2ered t+at s+e co)ld co'')ncate. (+e 8ll ret)rn no8.9
?. Can I +el$ +erW
+ii,KON-
A. Yes1 $ra". (+e and all of )s are +el$ed 8+en "o) de2ote "o)r talents
8lln&l" to ad )s.9
?. 6+at do "o) 'eanW
A. In ad2ocatn& and ad2ancn& o)r 'sson 8t+ care and D)d&'ent.
T+en 8e are $er'eated 8t+ Do". /a" t+e ()$re'e bless "o).9 LBoo3 VIII.
$$. =AKA;.M
\ Rector.9
LI +a2e nE)red of '" 'ot+er and fnd t+e $artc)lars &2en are e#actl"
tr)e. (+e 8onders +o8 I re'e'ber t+n&s t+at occ)rred 8+en I 8as onl" ?
"ears oldZ I +a2e not 2ent)red to sa" +o8 I &ot t+e nfor'aton1 bele2n&
t+at t 8o)ld be )n8se and )seless. /" fat+er I can &et not+n& o)t of abo)t
t+e tra$Cdoor. -e et+er does not re'e'ber or 8ll not sa".M
LApri @th, *A=<. /" fat+er +as re'e'bered t+s ncdent. % tra$Cdoor
led on to t+e roof n t+e +o)se +e occ)$ed at ,onnn&ton. T+e +o)se 8as
do)ble roofed1 and a &ood 2e8 co)ld be +ad fro' t. 4.R. on a 2st 8anted
to &o t+ere1 and &ot f#ed +alfC8a" a'd &reat la)&+ter.

Ele2aton of do)ble roof.M
L6e +a2e 2erfed /rs. 6estob"5s deat+ n t+e Re&ster of ,eat+s.
4.6.-./.M
(.) &resident :ar$ied.T+s s a co'')ncaton 'ade1 not b" t+e
de$arted s$rt tself1 b)t b" frends.
;> (T. PETER5(1 BE,4OR,.
September .>th, *AA*1 *> %./.T+s 'ornn&1 on 8a3n& at ?.?< %./.1
I 8as a8are of a s$rt 8+o desred to co'')ncate. It t)rned o)t to be
/entor1 8t+ +' B. 4ran3ln1 LE$esM (ar&ent and ot+ers. T+e" told 'e n
effect T+e Presdent s &one. 6e 8ere 8t+ +' to t+e last. -e ded
s)ddenl"1 and all o)r efforts to 3ee$ +' 8ere )na2aln&. 6e labo)red
+ard1 for +s lfe 8as of ncalc)lable 2al)e to o)r co)ntr". -e 8o)ld +a2e
done 'ore to resc)e t fro' s+a'e t+an an" one no8 left.9 I as3ed 8+" t
+ad been dee'ed necessar" to co'e to 'e 8t+ t+e ne8s. It 8as re$led t+at
a $erod of &reat act2t" n t+e s$rt 8orld 8as no8 ben& rene8ed1 and
t+at '" s"'$at+es 8t+ +' and 8t+ +s 8or31 and t+er o8n 3no8led&e
of 'e1 +ad nclned t+e' to brn& t+e ne8s. T+e *aiy Ne#s contaned no
tdn&s1 t+o)&+ t+e b)lletns 8ere bad. It see'ed1 on t+e contrar"1 t+at t+e
ne8s of t+e $re2o)s n&+t 8+c+ t+e" contaned 8as a lttle 'ore
fa2o)rable. I 8al3ed do8n to t+e staton feeln& con2nced t+at t+e ne8s
8o)ld co'e1 b)t )$ to **.;> %./. co)ld not +ear of t. %bo)t *..;= I a&an
8ent and fo)nd t+at a r)'o)r +ad reac+ed Bedford. T+e e2enn& $a$ers
:obe and 8cho8+c+ I $)rc+ased at <.;> P./. &a2e 'e t+e frst ')ndane
nfor'aton of t+e e2ent. It s no8 stated t+at +e ded at *>.?> P./. on t+e
*@t+ ("esterda"). T+at n En&ls+ t'e s ;.?> %./. of t+s da" (.>t+) or t8o
+o)rs before I 8o3e1 and &ot t+e 'essa&e.
I +a2e snce learned t+at t+e deat+ 8as s)dden1 and t+e re'ar3able
fl)ct)atons are not nconsstent 8t+ efforts s)c+ as descrbed.
September .*st.T+e latest re$orts f# *>.;?1 not *>.?> P./. Lor ;.;?
%./. En&ls+ t'eM as t+e e#act t'e of deat+.
+ii,KOO-
9,' A . Re$orts and dsc)ssons on t+e case of /rs. P$er +a2e been
$)bls+ed n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <;BKB?@G 2ol. 2. $$. *K*B=G
2ol. #. $$. .A<K?A.G 2ol. #2. $$. BK=AG 2ol. #2. $$. *BK?.G 2ol. #2. $$. *K
B<@.
T+e follo8n& $assa&es are E)oted fro' t+e re$ort b" Professor 6lla'
7a'es1 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. B?*K?@J
I 'ade /rs. P$er5s acE)antance n t+e a)t)'n of *AA?. /" 8fe5s
'ot+er1 /rs. Gbbens1 +ad been told of +er b" a frend1 d)rn& t+e $re2o)s
s)''er1 and ne2er +a2n& seen a 'ed)' before1 +ad $ad +er a 2st o)t of
c)rost". (+e ret)rned 8t+ t+e state'ent t+at /rs. P. +ad &2en +er a lon&
strn& of na'es of 'e'bers of t+e fa'l"1 'ostl" C+rstan na'es1 to&et+er
8t+ facts abo)t t+e $ersons 'entoned and t+er relatons to eac+ ot+er1 t+e
3no8led&e of 8+c+ on +er $art 8as nco'$re+ensble 8t+o)t s)$ernor'al
$o8ers. /" ssterCnCla8 8ent t+e ne#t da"1 8t+ stll better res)lts1 as s+e
related t+e'. %'on&st ot+er t+n&s1 t+e 'ed)' +ad acc)ratel" descrbed
t+e crc)'stances of t+e 8rter of a letter 8+c+ s+e +eld a&anst +er
fore+ead1 after /ss G. +ad &2en t to +er. T+e letter 8as n Italan1 and ts
8rter 8as 3no8n to b)t t8o $ersons n t+s co)ntr".
LI 'a" add t+at on a later occason '" 8fe and I too3 anot+er letter
fro' t+s sa'e $erson to /rs. P.1 8+o 8ent on to s$ea3 of +' n a 8a"
8+c+ dentfed +' )n'sta3abl" a&an. On a t+rd occason1 t8o "ears
later1 '" ssterCnCla8 and I ben& a&an 8t+ /rs. P.1 s+e re2erted n +er
trance to t+ese letters1 and t+en &a2e )s t+e 8rter5s na'e1 8+c+ s+e sad
s+e +ad not been able to &et on t+e for'er occason.M
B)t to re2ert to t+e be&nnn&. I re'e'ber $la"n& t+e esprit $ort on t+at
occason before '" fe'nne relat2es1 and see3n& to e#$lan b" s'$le
consderatons t+e 'ar2ello)s c+aracter of t+e facts 8+c+ t+e" bro)&+t
bac3. T+s dd not1 +o8e2er1 $re2ent 'e fro' &on& '"self a fe8 da"s later1
n co'$an" 8t+ '" 8fe1 to &et a drect $ersonal '$resson. T+e na'es of
none of )s )$ to t+s 'eetn& +ad been anno)nced to /rs. P.1 and /rs. 7.
and I 8ere1 of co)rse1 caref)l to 'a3e no reference to o)r relat2es 8+o +ad
$receded. T+e 'ed)'1 +o8e2er1 8+en entranced1 re$eated 'ost of t+e
na'es of s$rts9 8+o' s+e +ad anno)nced on t+e t8o for'er occasons
and added ot+ers. T+e na'es ca'e 8t+ dffc)lt"1 and 8ere onl" &rad)all"
'ade $erfect. /" 8fe5s fat+er5s na'e of Gbbens 8as anno)nced frst as
!bln1 t+en as Gbln. % c+ld -er'an (8+o' 8e +ad lost t+e $re2o)s
"ear) +ad +s na'e s$elt o)t as -errn. I t+n3 t+at n no case 8ere bot+
C+rstan and s)rna'es &2en on t+s 2st. B)t t+e $acts predicated of t+e
$ersons na'ed 'ade t n 'an" nstances '$ossble not to reco&nse t+e
$artc)lar nd2d)als 8+o 8ere tal3ed abo)t. 6e too3 $artc)lar $ans on
t+s occason to &2e t+e P+n)t control no +el$ o2er +s dffc)ltes and to
as3 no leadn& E)estons. In t+e l&+t of s)bseE)ent e#$erence I bele2e t+s
not to be t+e best $olc". 4or t often +a$$ens1 f "o) &2e t+s tranceC
$ersona&e a na'e or so'e s'all fact for t+e lac3 of 8+c+ +e s bro)&+t to a
standstll1 t+at +e 8ll t+en start off 8t+ a co$o)s flo8 of addtonal tal31
contann& n tself an ab)ndance of tests.9
/" '$resson after t+s frst 2st 8as1 t+at /rs. P. 8as et+er $ossessed
of s)$ernor'al $o8ers1 or 3ne8 t+e 'e'bers of '" 8fe5s fa'l" b" s&+t
and +ad b" so'e l)c3" concdence beco'e acE)anted 8t+ s)c+ a
')ltt)de of t+er do'estc crc)'stances as to $rod)ce t+e startln&
'$resson 8+c+ s+e dd. +ii,LPP- /" later 3no8led&e of +er sttn&s and
$ersonal acE)antance 8t+ +er +as led 'e absol)tel" to reDect t+e latter
e#$lanaton1 and to bele2e t+at s+e +as s)$ernor'al $o8ers.
I 2sted +er a doNen t'es t+at 8nter1 so'et'es alone1 so'et'es 8t+
'" 8fe1 once n co'$an" 8t+ t+e Re2. /. 7. (a2a&e. I sent a lar&e n)'ber
of $ersons to +er1 8s+n& to &et t+e res)lts of as 'an" $irst sttn&s as
$ossble. I 'ade a$$ont'ents '"self for 'ost of t+ese $eo$le1 8+ose
na'es 8ere n no nstance anno)nced to t+e 'ed)'. In t+e s$rn& of *AAB I
$)bls+ed a bref Re$ort of t+e Co''ttee on /ed)'stc P+eno'ena9 n
t+e &roceedings of t+e %'ercan (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+1 of 8+c+
t+e follo8n& s an e#tractJ
I +a2e '"self 8tnessed a doNen of +er trances1 and +a2e test'on" at
frst +and fro' t8ent"Cf2e stters1 all b)t one of 8+o' 8ere 2rt)all"
ntrod)ced to /rs. P. b" '"self. Of f2e of t+e sttn&s 8e +a2e verbatim
steno&ra$+c re$orts. T8el2e of t+e stters1 8+o n 'ost cases sat sn&l"1 &ot
not+n& fro' t+e 'ed)' b)t )n3no8n na'es or tr2al tal3. 4o)r of t+ese
8ere 'e'bers of t+e (ocet"1 and of t+er sttn&s verbatim re$orts 8ere
ta3en. 4fteen of t+e stters 8ere s)r$rsed at t+e co'')ncatons t+e"
rece2ed1 na'es and facts ben& 'entoned at t+e frst nter2e8 8+c+ t
see'ed '$robable s+o)ld +a2e been 3no8n to t+e 'ed)' n a nor'al
8a". T+e $robablt" t+at s+e $ossessed no cl)e to t+e stter5s dentt" 8as1 I
bele2e1 n eac+ and all of t+ese ffteen cases1 s)ffcent. B)t of onl" one of
t+e' s t+ere a steno&ra$+c re$ortG so t+at1 )nfort)natel" for t+e 'ed)'1
t+e e2dence n +er fa2o)r s1 alt+o)&+ 'ore ab)ndant1 less e#act n E)alt"
t+an so'e of t+at 8+c+ 8ll be co)nted a&anst +er. Of t+ese ffteen stters1
f2e1 all lades1 8ere blood relat2es1 and t8o (I '"self ben& one) 8ere 'en
connected b" 'arra&e 8t+ t+e fa'l" to 8+c+ t+e" belon&ed. T8o ot+er
connectons of t+s fa'l" are ncl)ded n t+e t8el2e 8+o &ot not+n&. t+e
'ed)' s+o8ed a 'ost startln& nt'ac" 8t+ t+s fa'l"5s affars1 tal3n&
of 'an" 'atters 3no8n to no one o)tsde1 and 8+c+ &oss$ co)ld not
$ossbl" +a2e con2e"ed to +er ears. T+e detals 8o)ld $ro2e not+n& to t+e
reader1 )nless $rnted in e0tenso, 8t+ f)ll notes b" t+e stters. It re2erts1
after all1 to $ersonal con2cton. /" o8n con2cton s not e2dence1 b)t t
see's fttn& to record t. I a' $ers)aded of t+e 'ed)'5s +onest"1 and of
t+e &en)neness of +er tranceG and alt+o)&+ at frst ds$osed to t+n3 t+at t+e
H+tsI s+e 'ade 8ere et+er l)c3" concdences1 or t+e res)lt of 3no8led&e
on +er $art of 8+o t+e stter 8as and of +s or +er fa'l" affars1 I no8
bele2e +er to be n $ossesson of a $o8er as "et )ne#$laned.9
Y%s for t+e e#$lanaton of +er tranceC$+eno'ena1 I +a2e none to offer.
T+e primF $acie t+eor"1 8+c+ s t+at of s$rtCcontrol1 s +ard to reconcle
8t+ t+e e#tre'e tr2alt" of 'ost of t+e co'')ncatons. 6+at real s$rt1
at last able to re2st +s 8fe on t+s eart+1 b)t 8o)ld fnd so'et+n& better
to sa" t+an t+at s+e +ad c+an&ed t+e $lace of +s $+oto&ra$+W %nd "et t+at s
t+e sort of re'ar3 to 8+c+ t+e s$rts ntrod)ced b" t+e '"stero)s P+n)t
are a$t to confne t+e'sel2es. I ')st ad't1 +o8e2er1 t+at P+n)t +as ot+er
'oods. -e +as se2eral t'es1 8+en '" 8fe and '"self 8ere sttn&
to&et+er 8t+ +'1 s)ddenl" started off on lon& lect)res to )s abo)t o)r
n8ard defects and o)t8ard s+ortco'n&s1 8+c+ 8ere 2er" earnest1 as 8ell
as s)btle 'orall" and $s"c+olo&call"1 and '$ress2e n a +&+ de&ree.
T+ese dsco)rses1 t+o)&+ &2en n P+n)t5s o8n $erson1 8ere 2er" dfferent
n st"le fro' +s 'ore )s)al tal31 and $robabl" s)$eror to an"t+n& +ii,LPG-
t+at t+e 'ed)' co)ld $rod)ce n t+e sa'e lne n +er nat)ral state. P+n)t
+'self1 +o8e2er1 bears e2er" a$$earance of ben& a fctto)s ben&. -s
4renc+1 so far as +e +as been able to ds$la" t to 'e1 +as been l'ted to a
fe8 $+rases of sal)taton1 8+c+ 'a" easl" +a2e +ad t+er rse n t+e
'ed)'5s )nconsco)s9 'e'or"G +e +as ne2er been able to )nderstand my
4renc+G and t+e cr)'bs of nfor'aton 8+c+ +e &2es abo)t +s eart+l"
career are1 as "o) 3no81 so fe81 2a&)e1 and )nl3el" so)ndn&1 as to s)&&est
t+e ro'ancn& of one 8+ose stoc3 of 'aterals for n2enton s e#cess2el"
red)ced. -e s1 +o8e2er1 as +e act)all" s+o8s +'self1 a defnte +)'an
nd2d)al1 8t+ ''ense tact and $atence1 and &reat desre to $lease and be
re&arded as nfallble. 6t+ res$ect to t+e ro)&+ and slan&" st"le 8+c+ +e
so often affects1 t s+o)ld be sad t+at t+e ($rt)alstc tradton +ere n
%'erca s all n fa2o)r of t+e s$rtCcontrol9 ben& a &rotesE)e and
so'e8+at sa)c" $ersona&e. T+e Seitgeist +as al8a"s ')c+ to do 8t+
s+a$n& tranceC$+eno'ena1 so t+at a control9 of t+at te'$era'ent s 8+at
one 8o)ld nat)rall" e#$ect. /r. -od&son 8ll alread" +a2e nfor'ed "o) of
t+e s'lart" bet8een P+n)t5s na'e and t+at of t+e control9 of t+e
'ed)' at 8+ose +o)se /rs. P$er 8as frst entranced. T+e 'ost
re'ar3able t+n& abo)t t+e P+n)t $ersonalt" see's to 'e t+e
e#traordnar" tenact" and 'n)teness of +s 'e'or". t+e 'ed)' +as been
2sted b" 'an" +)ndreds of stters1 +alf of t+e'1 $er+a$s1 ben& stran&ers
8+o +a2e co'e b)t once. To eac+ P+n)t &2es an +o)rf)l of dsconnected
fra&'ents of tal3 abo)t $ersons l2n&1 dead1 or 'a&nar"1 and e2ents $ast1
f)t)re1 or )nreal. 6+at nor'al 8a3n& 'e'or" co)ld 3ee$ t+s c+aotc
'ass of st)ff to&et+erW Yet P+n)t does soG for t+e c+ances see' to be1 t+at
f a stter s+o)ld &o bac3 after "ears of nter2al1 t+e 'ed)'1 8+en once
entranced1 8o)ld recall t+e 'n)test ncdents of t+e earler nter2e81 and
be&n b" reca$t)latn& ')c+ of 8+at +ad t+en been sad. (o far as I can
dsco2er1 /rs. P$er5s 8a3n& 'e'or" s not re'ar3able1 and t+e 8+ole
constt)ton of +er tranceC'e'or" s so'et+n& 8+c+ I a' at a loss to
)nderstand. B)t I 8ll sa" not+n& 'ore of P+n)t1 beca)se1 aded b" o)r
frends n 4rance1 "o) are alread" s"ste'atcall" see3n& to establs+ or
ds$ro2e +' as a for'er nat2e of t+s 8orld.
P+n)t s &enerall" t+e 'ed)' of co'')ncaton bet8een ot+er s$rts
and t+e stter. B)t t8o ot+er soi,disant s$rts +a2e1 n '" $resence1
ass)'ed drect control9 of /rs. P$er. One $)r$orted to be t+e late /r. E.
T+e ot+er 8as an a)nt of 'ne 8+o ded last "ear n !e8 Yor3. I +a2e
alread" sent "o) t+e onl" acco)nt I can &2e of '" earlest e#$erences 8t+
t+e E. control.9 T+e frst 'essa&es ca'e t+ro)&+ P+n)t1 abo)t a "ear a&o1
8+en1 after t8o "ears of nonCnterco)rse 8t+ /rs. P$er1 s+e l)nc+ed one
da" at o)r +o)se and &a2e '" 8fe and '"self a sttn& after8ards. It 8as
bad eno)&+G and I confess t+at t+e +)'an ben& n 'e 8as so ')c+ stron&er
t+an t+e 'an of scence t+at I 8as too ds&)sted 8t+ P+n)t5s treso'e
t8addle e2en to note t do8n. 6+en later t+e $+eno'enon de2elo$ed nto
$retended drect s$eec+ fro' E. +'self I re&retted t+s1 for a co'$lete
record 8o)ld +a2e been )sef)l. I can no8 'erel" sa" t+at net+er t+en1 nor
at an" ot+er t'e1 8as t+ere to '" 'nd t+e sl&+test nner 2ers'lt)de n
t+e $ersonaton. B)t t+e fal)re to $rod)ce a 'ore $la)sble E. s$ea3s
drectl" n fa2o)r of t+e nonC$artc$aton of t+e 'ed)'5s conscious 'nd
n t+e $erfor'ance. (+e co)ld so easl" +a2e coac+ed +erself to be 'ore
effect2e.Y
+ii,LPH-
T+e a)nt 8+o $)r$orted to ta3e control9 drectl" 8as a ')c+ better
$ersonaton1 +a2n& a &ood deal of t+e c+eer" stren)o)sness of s$eec+ of t+e
or&nal. (+e s$o3e1 b" t+e 8a"1 on t+s occason1 of t+e condton of +ealt+
of t8o 'e'bers of t+e fa'l" n !e8 Yor31 of 8+c+ 8e 3ne8 not+n& at
t+e t'e1 and 8+c+ 8as after8ards corroborated b" letter. 6e +a2e
re$eatedl" +eard fro' /rs. P$er n trance t+n&s of 8+c+ 8e 8ere not at
t+e 'o'ent a8are. If t+e s)$ernor'al ele'ent n t+e $+eno'enon be
t+o)&+tCtransference t s certanl" not t+at of t+e stter5s conscious t+o)&+t.
It s rat+er t+e reser2or of +s $otental 3no8led&e 8+c+ s ta$$edG and not
al8a"s that, b)t t+e 3no8led&e of so'e dstant l2n& $erson1 as n t+e
ncdent last E)oted. It +as so'et'es e2en see'ed to 'e t+at too ')c+
ntentness on t+e stter5s $art to +a2e P+n)t sa" a certan t+n& acts as a
+ndrance.Y
9,' B . T+e ne#t $assa&e I E)ote fro' t+e Introd)cton b" '"self
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <;BK<<.1to t+e records of sttn&s &2en
b" /rs. P$er n En&land1 *AA@K@>J
/rs. P$er5s case +as been 'ore or less contn)o)sl" obser2ed b"
Professor 7a'es and ot+ers al'ost fro' t+e date of t+e frst s)dden
nce$ton of t+e trance1 so'e f2e "ears a&o. /r. -od&son +as been n t+e
+abt of brn&n& acE)antances of +s o8n to /rs. P$er1 8t+o)t &2n&
t+er na'esG and 'an" of t+ese +a2e +eard fro' t+e tranceC)tterance facts
abo)t t+er dead relatons1 &c.1 8+c+ t+e" feel s)re t+at /rs. P$er co)ld
not +a2e 3no8n. /r. -od&son also +ad /r. and /rs. P$er 8atc+ed or
s+ado8ed9 b" $r2ate detect2es for so'e 8ee3s1 8t+ t+e 2e8 of
dsco2ern& 8+et+er /r. P$er (8+o s e'$lo"ed n a lar&e store n Boston1
:.(.%.) 8ent abo)t nE)rn& nto t+e affars of $ossble stters19 or
8+et+er /rs. P$er rece2ed letters fro' frends or a&ents con2e"n&
nfor'aton. T+s nE)r" 8as $)s+ed $rett" closel"1 b)t absol)tel" not+n&
8as dsco2ered 8+c+ co)ld t+ro8 s)s$con on /rs. P$er18+o s no8
a8are of t+e $roced)re1 b)t +as t+e &ood sense to reco&nse t+e le&t'ac"
I 'a" sa" t+e scentfc necesst"of t+s 3nd of $robaton.
It 8as t+)s s+o8n t+at /rs. P$er 'ade no dsco2erable atte'$t to
acE)re 3no8led&e e2en abo)t $ersons 8+ose co'n& s+e +ad reason to
e#$ect. (tll less co)ld s+e +a2e been a8are of t+e $r2ate concerns of
$ersons bro)&+t anon"'o)sl" to +er +o)se at /r. -od&son5s c+oce. %nd a
"et f)rt+er obstacle to s)c+ clandestne 3no8led&e 8as ntrod)ced b" +er
re'o2al to En&landat o)r reE)estn !o2e'ber *AA@. Professor Lod&e
'et +er on t+e L2er$ool landn&Csta&e1 !o2e'ber *@t+1 and cond)cted +er
to a +otel1 8+ere I Doned +er on !o2e'ber .>t+1 and escorted +er and +er
c+ldren to Ca'brd&e. (+e sta"ed frst n '" +o)seG and I a' con2nced
t+at s+e bro)&+t 8t+ +er a 2er" slender 3no8led&e of En&ls+ affars or
En&ls+ $eo$le. T+e ser2ant 8+o attended on +er and on +er t8o "o)n&
c+ldren 8as c+osen b" '"self1 and 8as a "o)n& 8o'an fro' a co)ntr"
2lla&e 8+o' I +ad f)ll reason to bele2e to be bot+ tr)st8ort+" and also
E)te &norant of '" o8n or '" frends5 affars. 4or t+e 'ost $art I +ad
'"self not deter'ned )$on t+e $ersons 8+o' I 8o)ld n2te to st 8t+ +er.
I c+ose t+ese stters n &reat 'eas)re b" c+anceG se2eral of t+e' 8ere not
resdent n Ca'brd&eG and (e#ce$t n one or t8o cases 8+ere anon"'t"
8o)ld +a2e been +ard to $reser2e) I bro)&+t t+e' to +er )nder false na'es1
so'et'es ntrod)cn& t+e' onl" 8+en t+e trance +ad alread" be&)n.
In one sttn&1 for nstance1 8+c+ 8ll be cted belo81 I learnt b"
accdent +ii,LPI- t+at a certan lad"1 +ere st"led /rs. %.1 8as n Ca'brd&eG
a $r2ate lad"1 not a 'e'ber of t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+1 8+o
+ad ne2er before 2sted '" +o)se1 and 8+ose na'e +ad certanl" ne2er
been 'entoned before /rs. P$er. I ntrod)ced t+s lad" as /rs. ('t+G
and I t+n3 t+at 8+en t+e reader s est'atn& t+e correct facts 8+c+ 8ere
told to +er1 +e 'a" at an" rate ds'ss fro' +s 'nd t+e noton t+at /rs.
P$er +ad been able et+er to d2ne t+at t+ese facts 8o)ld be 8anted1or to
&et at t+e' e2en f s+e +ad 3no8n t+at +er s)ccess de$ended on t+er
$rod)cton on t+at da".
/rs. P$er 8+le n En&land 8as t8ce n Ca'brd&e1 t8ce n London1
and t8ce n L2er$ool1 at dates arran&ed b" o)rsel2esG +er stters (al'ost
al8a"s ntrod)ced )nder false na'es) belon&ed to se2eral E)te dfferent
socal &ro)$s1 and 8ere freE)entl" )nacE)anted 8t+ eac+ ot+er. -er
corres$ondence 8as addressed to '" care1 and I bele2e t+at al'ost e2er"
letter 8+c+ s+e rece2ed 8as s+o8n to one or ot+er of )s. 6+en n London
s+e sta"ed n lod&n&s 8+c+ 8e selectedG 8+en at L2er$ool1 n Professor
Lod&e5s +o)seG and 8+en at Ca'brd&e1 n Professor (d&8c35s or '" o8n.
!o one of +er +osts1 or of +er +osts5 82es1 detected an" s)s$co)s act or
8ord.
6e too3 &reat $ans to a2od &2n& nfor'aton n tal3G and a 'ore
co'$lete sec)rt" s to be fo)nd n t+e fact t+at 8e 8ere o)rsel2es &norant
of 'an" of t+e facts &2en as to o)r frends5 relatons1 &c. In t+e case of
/rs. Verrall1 for nstance Lcted n t+e 7eport, $. ?A<M1 no one n Ca'brd&e
e#ce$t /rs. Verrall +erself co)ld +a2e s)$$led t+e b)l3 of t+e nfor'aton
&2enG and so'e of t+e facts &2en (as 8ll be seen) /rs. Verrall +erself dd
not 3no8. %s re&ards '" o8n affars1 I +a2e not t+o)&+t t 8ort+ 8+le to
cte in e0tenso s)c+ state'ents as '&+t $ossbl" +a2e been &ot )$
before+andG snce /rs. P$er of co)rse 3ne8 t+at I s+o)ld be one of +er
stters. ()c+ facts as t+at I once +ad an a)nt1 Cordela /ars+all1 'ore
co''onl" called Corre19 '&+t +a2e been learnt1t+o)&+ I do not t+n3
t+at t+e" 8ere learnt1fro' $rnted or ot+er so)rces. B)t I do not t+n3 t+at
an" lar&er $ro$orton of s)c+ accessble facts 8as &2en to 'e t+an to an
a2era&e stter1 $re2o)sl" )n3no8nG nor 8ere t+ere an" of t+ose s)btler
$onts 8+c+ co)ld so easl" +a2e been 'ade b" dnt of scr)tn" of '"
boo3s or $a$ers. On t+e ot+er +and1 n '" case1 as n t+e case of se2eral
ot+er stters1 t+ere 8ere 'essa&es $)r$ortn& to co'e fro' a frend 8+o +ad
been dead 'an" "ears1 and 'entonn& crc)'stances 8+c+ I bele2e t+at t
8o)ld +a2e been E)te '$ossble for /rs. P$er to +a2e dsco2ered.
I a' also acE)anted 8t+ so'e of t+e facts &2en to ot+er stters1 and
s)$$ressed as too nt'ate1 or as n2ol2n& secrets not t+e $ro$ert" of t+e
stter alone. I 'a" sa" t+at1 so far as '" o8n $ersonal con2cton &oes1 t+e
)tterance of one or t8o of t+ese facts s e2en 'ore concl)s2e of
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e t+an t+e correct state'ent of doNens of na'es of
relatons1 &c.1 8+c+ t+e stter +ad no $ersonal 'ot2e for concealn&.
On t+e 8+ole1 I bele2e t+at all obser2ers1 bot+ n %'erca and n
En&land1 8+o +a2e seen eno)&+ of /rs. P$er n bot+ states to be able to
for' a D)d&'ent1 8ll a&ree n affr'n& (*) t+at 'an" of t+e facts &2en
co)ld not +a2e been learnt e2en b" a s3lled detect2eG (.) t+at to learn
ot+ers of t+e'1 alt+o)&+ $ossble1 8o)ld +a2e needed an e#$endt)re of
'one" as 8ell as of t'e 8+c+ t see's '$ossble to s)$$ose t+at /rs.
P$er co)ld +a2e 'etG and (;) t+at +er cond)ct +as ne2er &2en an" &ro)nd
8+ate2er for s)$$osn& +er ca$able of fra)d or trc3er". 4e8 $ersons +a2e
been so lon& and so +ii,LPJ- caref)ll" obser2edG and s+e +as left on all
obser2ers t+e '$resson of t+oro)&+ )$r&+tness1 cando)r1 and +onest".
On t+e E)eston of fra)d1 see also t+e state'ents of Professor Lod&e1
&roceeding (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$. <<;K=G of ,r. 6alter Leaf1 $$. ??AK@ of t+e
sa'e &roceedings/ $$. *K@ of t+e re$ort b" ,r. -od&son n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. 2.G $$. BK** of t+e re$ort b" Professor !e8bold n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2.G and $$. ?K@ of t+e re$ort b" Professor -"slo$
n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #2.
9,* A . 4ro' t+e re$ort b" Professor Lod&e1 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2.
$$. <<AK?;.
T+e $ersonalt" act2e and s$ea3n& n t+e trance s a$$arentl" so
dstnct fro' t+e $ersonalt" of /rs. P$er t+at t s $er'ssble and
con2enent to call t b" anot+er na'e. It does not dffer fro' +er as -"de
dd fro' 7e3"ll1 b" ben& a $ersonfcaton of t+e 2co)s $orton of t+e
sa'e nd2d)al. T+ere s no s$ecal contrast1 an" 'ore t+an t+ere s an"
s$ecal s'lart". It str3es one as a dfferent $ersonalt" alto&et+er1 and t+e
na'e b" 8+c+ t ntrod)ces tself 8+en as3ed1 2N.1 ,r. P+n)t19 s as
con2enent as an" ot+er1 and can be )sed 8+oll" rres$ect2e of +"$ot+ess.
I 8o)ld not n )sn& t+s na'e be )nderstood as t+ereb" co''ttn&
'"self to an" +"$ot+ess re&ardn& t+e nat)re of t+s a$$arentl" dstnct and
nd2d)al 'nd. %t t+e sa'e t'e t+e na'e s )sef)l as e#$ressn&
co'$actl" 8+at s nat)rall" $ro'nent to t+e feeln& of an" stter1 t+at +e s
not tal3n& to /rs. P$er at all. T+e 'anner1 'ode of t+o)&+t1 tone1 trans of
dea1 are all dfferent. Yo) are s$ea3n& no lon&er to a lad"1 b)t to a 'an1 an
old 'an1 a 'edcal 'an. %ll t+s cannot b)t be 22dl" felt e2en b" one 8+o
consdered t+e '$ersonaton a cons)''ate $ece of actn&.
6+et+er s)c+ a 'an as ,r. P+n)t e2er e#sted I do not 3no81 nor fro'
t+e e2dental $ont of 2e8 do I &reatl" care. It 8ll be nterestn& to +a2e
t+e fact ascertaned f $ossbleG b)t I cannot see t+at t 8ll ')c+ affect t+e
E)eston of &en)neness. 4or t+at +e dd not e2er e#st s a t+n& $ractcall"
'$ossble to $ro2e. 6+le1 f +e dd e#st1 t can be easl" s)$$osed t+at
/rs. P$er too3 care eno)&+ t+at +er '$ersonaton s+o)ld +a2e so ')c+
ratonal bass.
It can be obDected1 8+"1 f +e 8as a 4renc+ doctor1 +as +e so entrel"
for&otten +s 4renc+W 4or t+o)&+ +e s$ea3s n a 4renc+fed 'anner1 I a'
told t+at +e cannot s)stan a con2ersaton n t+at lan&)a&e. I a' )nable to
'eet t+s obDecton b" an"t+n& be"ond t+e ob2o)s s)&&eston t+at /rs.
P$er5s bran s t+e 'ed)' )tlsed1 and t+at s+e s l3e8se &norant. B)t
one 8o)ld t+n3 t+at t 8o)ld be a s)ffcentl" $atent obDecton to deter an
'$ersonator fro' ass)'n& a rEe of $)rel" )nnecessar" dffc)lt"1 and
one 8+c+ t 8as '$ossble satsfactorl" to 'antan.
%d'ttn&1 +o8e2er1 t+at ,r. P+n)t9 s $robabl" a 'ere na'e for
/rs. P$er5s secondar" consco)sness1 one cannot +el$ ben& str)c3 b" t+e
sn&)lar correctness of +s 'edcal da&noses. In fact1 t+e 'edcal
state'ents1 concdn& as t+e" do 8t+ tr)t+ D)st as 8ell as t+ose of a re&)lar
$+"scan1 b)t &2en 8t+o)t an" ordnar" e#a'naton and so'et'es
8t+o)t e2en seen& t+e $atent1 ')st be +eld as $art of t+e e2dence
establs+n& a stron& primF $acie case for t+e e#stence of some abnor'al
'eans of acE)rn& nfor'aton. !ot +ii,LPK- t+at t s to be s)$$osed t+at
+e s 'ore nfallble t+an anot+er. I +a2e one defnte case of dstnct error
n a da&noss (7eport, $. ?<=).
Proceedn& no8 on t+e ass)'$ton t+at I 'a" s$ea3 +encefort+ of ,r.
P+n)t as of a &en)ne nd2d)al ntell&ence1 8+et+er t be a )s)all" latent
$orton of /rs. P$er5s ntell&ence1 or 8+et+er t be so'et+n& dstnct fro'
+er 'nd and t+e ed)caton to 8+c+ t +as been s)bDected1 I &o on to
consder t+e +"$ot+eses 8+c+ stll re'an )ne#a'ned.
%nd frst 8e +a2e t+e +"$ot+ess of fs+er" on t+e $art of ,r. P+n)t1 as
dstn&)s+ed fro' trc3er" on t+e $art of /rs. P$er. I 'ean a s"ste' of
n&eno)s fs+n&J t+e )tlsaton of tr2al ndcatons1 of e2er" nt'aton1
a)dble1 tactle1 ')sc)lar1 and of lttle s+ades of 'anner too ndefnable to
na'eG all t+ese e#cted n t+e stter b" s3lf)l &)esses and 8ellCdrected
s+ots1 and t+er n)tr'ent e#tracted 8t+ s)$er+)'an c)nnn&.
!o8 t+s +"$ot+ess s not one to be l&+tl" re&arded1 or e2er 8+oll" set
asde. I re&ard t as1 to a certan e#tent1 a vera causa. %t t'es ,r. P+n)t
does fs+. Occasonall" +e &)essesG and so'et'es +e e3es o)t t+e
scantness of +s nfor'aton fro' t+e reso)rces of a l2el" 'a&naton.
6+ene2er +s s)$$l" of nfor'aton s ab)ndant t+ere s no s&n of t+e
fs+n& $rocess.
%t ot+er t'es t s as f +e 8ere n a dffc)lt $ostononl" able to &an
nfor'aton fro' 2er" ndstnct or na)dble so)rces1 and "et 8s+f)l to
con2e" as ')c+ nfor'aton as $ossble. T+e attt)de s t+en as of one
strann& after e2er" cl)e1 and 'a3n& )se of t+e sl&+test ndcaton1
8+et+er rece2ed n nor'al or abnor'al 8a"sJ not ndeed ob2o)sl"
dstn&)s+n& bet8een nfor'aton rece2ed fro' t+e stter and nfor'aton
rece2ed fro' ot+er so)rces.
T+e fs+n& $rocess s 'ost 'ar3ed 8+en /rs. P$er +erself et+er s not
feeln& 8ell or s tred. ,r. P+n)t see's to e#$erence 'ore dffc)lt" t+en
n obtann& nfor'atonG and 8+en +e does not fs+ +e s'$l" dra8s )$on
+s 'e'or" and retals old facts 8+c+ +e +as told before1 occasonall" 8t+
addtons of +s o8n 8+c+ do not '$ro2e t+e'. -s 'e'or" see's to be
one of e#traordnar" tenact" and e#actness1 b)t not of nfallblt"G and ts
la$ses do ntrod)ce error1 bot+ of defect and e#cess.
-e see's to be )nder so'e co'$)lson not to be slent. Possbl" t+e
trance 8o)ld cease f +e dd not e#ert +'self. %t an" rate +e c+atters on1
and one +as to dsco)nt a &ood deal of con2ersaton 8+c+ s ob2o)sl"1 and
so'et'es confessedl"1 ntrod)ced as a sto$C&a$.
-e s rat+er $ro)d of +s s3ll1 and does not l3e to be told +e s 8ron&G
b)t 8+en +e 8a#es confdental +e ad'ts t+at +e s not nfallbleJ +e does
t+e best +e can19 +e sa"s1 b)t so'et'es e2er"t+n& see's dar3 to +'19
and t+en +e flo)nders and &ro$es1 and 'a3es 'sta3es.
It s not to be s)$$osed t+at t+s flo)ndern& s al8a"s 'ost cons$c)o)s
n $resence of a stran&er. On t+e contrar"1 f +e s n &ood for' +e 8ll rattle
off a stran&er5s connectons $rett" &lbl"1 ben& ndeed so'et'es o$$ressed
8t+ t+e r)s+ and 2ol)'e of t+e nfor'aton a2alableG 8+le1 f +e s n bad
tr'1 +e 8ll fs+ and retal stale ne8s (es$ecall" t+e latter) to E)te an old
+and1 and one 8+o does not scr)$le to acc)se +' of +s delnE)ences
8+en t+e" beco'e cons$c)o)s.
T+s fallblt" s )nfort)nate1 b)t I don5t 3no8 t+at 8e s+o)ld e#$ect
an"t+n& elseG an"+o8 t s not a E)eston of 8+at 8e e#$ect1 b)t of 8+at 8e
&et. +ii,LPL- If t 8ere a E)eston of 8+at I for one +ad e0pected, t+e
state'ent of t 8o)ld not be 8ort+ t+e 8rtn&.
Personall" I feel s)re t+at P+n)t can +ardl" +el$ t+s fs+n& $rocess at
t'es. -e does t+e best +e can1 b)t t 8o)ld be a &reat '$ro2e'ent f1 8+en
+e realses t+at condtons are )nfa2o)rable1 +e 8o)ld sa" so and +old +s
$eace. I +a2e tred to '$ress t+s )$on +'1 8t+ t+e effect t+at +e s
so'et'es confdental1 and sa"s t+at +e s +a2n& a bad t'eG b)t after all
+e $robabl" 3no8s +s o8n b)sness best1 beca)se t +as se2eral t'es
+a$$ened t+at after +alfCanC+o)r of 'ore or less 8ort+less $addn&1 a fe8
'n)tes of 2al)able l)cdt" +a2e been attaned.
I +a2e lad ')c+ stress )$on t+s fs+er" +"$ot+ess beca)se t s a fact
to be ta3en nto consderaton1 beca)se t s occasonall" an )nfort)natel"
cons$c)o)s fact1 and beca)se of ts deterrent effect on a no2ce to 8+o'
t+at as$ect s frst e#$osed.
B)t n t+)s la"n& stress I feel t+at I a' $rod)cn& an erroneo)s and
'sleadn& '$resson of $ro$orton. I +a2e s$o3en of a fe8 'n)tes5
l)cdt" to an ntolerable deal of $addn& as an occasonal e#$erence1 b)t n
t+e 'aDort" of t+e sttn&s +eld n '" $resence t+e con2erse $ro$orton
better re$resents t+e facts.
I a' fa'lar 8t+ ')scleCreadn& and ot+er s')lated t+o)&+tC
transference9 'et+ods1 and $refer to a2od contact 8+ene2er t s $ossble to
&et rd of t 8t+o)t too ')c+ f)ss. %lt+o)&+ /rs. P$er al8a"s +eld
so'ebod"5s +and 8+le $re$arn& to &o nto t+e trance1 s+e dd not al8a"s
contn)e to +old t 8+en s$ea3n& as P+n)t. (+e dd )s)all" +old t+e +and
of t+e $erson s+e 8as s$ea3n& to1 b)t 8as often satsfed for a t'e 8t+
so'e ot+er $erson5s1 so'et'es tal3n& r&+t across a roo' to and abo)t a
stran&er1 b)t $referrn& t+e' to co'e near. On se2eral occasons s+e let &o
of e2er"bod"1 for +alfC+o)rs to&et+er1 es$ecall" 8+en fl)ent and 3e$t 8ell
s)$$led 8t+ relcs.9
I +a2e no8 to assert 8t+ entre confdence t+at1 $ressn& t+e n&eno)sC
&)essn& and )nconsco)sCndcaton +"$ot+ess to ts )t'ost l't1 t can
onl" be +eld to acco)nt for a 2er" fe8 of ,r. P+n)t5s state'ents.
It cannot n all cases be +eld to acco)nt for 'edcal da&noses1
after8ards confr'ed b" t+e re&)lar $racttoner.
It cannot acco)nt for 'n)te and f)ll detals of na'es1 crc)'stances1
and e2ents1 &2en to a ca)to)s and al'ost slent stter1 so'et'es 8t+o)t
contact. %nd1 to ta3e t+e stron&est case at once1 t cannot acco)nt for t+e
narraton of facts o)tsde t+e consco)s 3no8led&e of t+e stter or of an"
$erson $resent.
ReDectn& t+e fs+er" +"$ot+ess1 t+en1 as ns)ffcent to acco)nt for
'an" of t+e facts1 8e are dr2en to t+e onl" re'ann& 3no8n ca)se n order
to acco)nt for t+e'J2N.1 t+o)&+tCtransference1 or t+e acton of 'nd on
'nd nde$endentl" of t+e ordnar" c+annels of co'')ncaton. 6+et+er
t+o)&+tCtransference9 be a correct ter' to a$$l" to t+e $rocess I do not
$retend to decde. T+at s a E)eston for $s"c+olo&sts.
It 'a" be 8t+n t+e reader5s 3no8led&e t+at I re&ard t+e fact of &en)ne
t+o)&+tCtransference9 bet8een $ersons n ''edate $ro#'t" (not
necessarl" n contact) as +a2n& been establs+ed b" drect and s'$le
e#$er'entG and1 e#ce$t b" reason of $a)ct" of nstance1 I consder t as
fr'l" &ro)nded as an" of t+e less fa'lar facts of nat)re s)c+ as one deals
8t+ n a laborator". (&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. . $. *A@.)
I s$ea3 of t t+erefore as a 3no8n ca)se1 i.e., one to 8+c+ t+ere need be
+ii,LPM- no +estaton n a$$ealn& n order to e#$lan facts 8+c+ 8t+o)t t
8o)ld be ne#$lcable.
T+e P+n)t facts are 'ost of t+e' of t+s nat)re1 and I do not +estate to
assert confdentl" t+at thought,trans$erence is the most commonpace
e0panation to #hich it is possibe to appea.
I re&ard t as +a2n& been r&oro)sl" $ro2ed before1 and as t+erefore
reE)rn& no fres+ bolstern& )$G b)t to t+e 'an" 8+o +a2e not 'ade
e#$er'ents on t+e s)bDect1 and are t+erefore nat)rall" sce$tcal concernn&
e2en t+o)&+tCtransference1 t+e record of t+e P+n)t sttn&s 8ll afford1 I
t+n31 a sec)re bass for fat+ n t+s ''ateral 'ode of co'')ncaton1
t+s a$$arentl" drect acton of 'nd on 'nd.
B)t1 8+ereas t+e 3nd of t+o)&+tCtransference 8+c+ +ad been to '"
o8n 3no8led&e e#$er'entall" $ro2ed 8as a +aN" and dffc)lt reco&nton
b" one $erson of obDects 3e$t as 22dl" as $ossble n t+e consco)sness of
anot+er $erson1 t+e 3nd of t+o)&+tCtransference necessar" to e#$lan t+ese
sttn&s s of an alto&et+er freer and +&+er order1a 3nd 8+c+ +as not "et
been e#$er'entall" $ro2ed at all. 4acts are related 8+c+ are not n t+e
least $resent to t+e consco)sness of t+e stter1 and t+e" are often detaled
&lbl" and 22dl" 8t+o)t dela"G n 2er" dfferent st"le fro' t+e tedo)s and
+estatn& d'ness of t+e $erc$ents n t+e old t+o)&+tCtransference
e#$er'ents.
B)t t+at s nat)ral eno)&+1 8+en 8e consder t+at t+e $erc$ent n t+ose
e#$er'ents +ad to $reser2e a 'nd as 2acant as $ossble. 4or no $rocess of
nd)cn& 'ental 2acanc" can be so $erfect as t+at of &on& nto a trance1
8+et+er +"$notc or ot+er.
/oreo2er1 alt+o)&+ t 8as consdered desrable to 'antan t+e obDect
conte'$lated n t+e consco)sness of t+e a&ent1 a s+re8d s)s$con 8as
e2en t+en entertaned t+at t+e )nconsco)s $art of t+e a&ent5s bran '&+t be
$er+a$s eE)all" effect2e.
-ence one s at lbert" to a$$l" to t+ese P+n)t records t+e +"$ot+ess
of t+o)&+tCtransference n ts 'ost de2elo$ed stateJ absol)te 2ac)t" on t+e
$art of t+e $erc$ent1 acted on b" an entrel" s)bCconsco)s or )nconsco)s
$orton of t+e stter5s bran.
In t+s for' one feels t+at ')c+ can be e#$laned. If ,r. P+n)t tells
one +o8 'an" c+ldren1 or brot+ers1 or ssters one +as1 and t+er na'esG t+e
na'es of fat+er and 'ot+er and &rand'ot+er1 of co)sns and of a)ntsG f +e
brn&s a$$ro$rate and c+aracterstc 'essa&es fro' 8ellC3no8n relat2es
deceasedG all t+s s e#$lcable on t+e +"$ot+ess of free and eas" t+o)&+tC
transference fro' t+e s)bCconsco)sness of t+e stter to t+e senst2e
'ed)' of t+e trance $ersonalt".
*
(o stron&l" 8as I '$ressed 8t+ t+s 2e81 t+at after so'e +alfCdoNen
sttn&s I ceased to feel ')c+ nterest n ben& told t+n&s1 +o8e2er 'n)te1
obsc)re1 and naccessble t+e" '&+t be1 so lon& as t+e" 8ere1 or +ad been1
8t+n t+e 3no8led&e et+er of '"self or of t+e stter for t+e t'e ben&.
+ii,LPN-
%t t+e sa'e t'e t o)&+t to be constantl" borne n 'nd t+at t+s 3nd of
t+o)&+tCtransference 8t+o)t consco)sl" act2e a&enc" +as ne2er been
e#$er'entall" $ro2ed. Certan facts not ot+er8se a$$arentl" e#$lcable1
s)c+ as t+ose c+roncled n &hantasms o$ the .iving, +a2e s)&&ested t1 b)t
t s reall" onl" a $ossble +"$ot+ess to 8+c+ a$$eal +as been 'ade
8+ene2er an" ot+er e#$lanaton see's o)t of t+e E)eston. B)t )ntl t s
act)all" establs+ed b" e#$er'ent n t+e sa'e 8a" t+at consco)s 'nd
acton +as been establs+ed1 t cannot be re&arded as et+er safe or
satsfactor"G and n $)rs)n& t 8e 'a" be t)rnn& o)r bac3s on so'e tr)er
b)t as "et $er+a$s )ns)&&ested cl)e. I feel as f t+s ca)ton 8ere necessar"
for '"self as 8ell as for ot+er 'e'bers of t+e (ocet".
On readn& t+e record t 8ll be a$$arent t+at 8+le P+n)t9 freE)entl"
s$ea3s n +s o8n $erson1 relatn& t+n&s 8+c+ +e +'self dsco2ers b"
8+at I s)$$ose 8e ')st call ostensble clar2o"ance1 so'et'es +e
re$resents +'self as n co'')ncatonnot al8a"s E)te eas" and dstnct
co'')ncaton1 es$ecall" at frst1 b)t n co'')ncaton8t+ one5s
relat2es and frends 8+o +a2e de$arted t+s lfe.
T+e 'essa&es and co'')ncatons fro' t+ese $ersons are )s)all" &2en
t+ro)&+ P+n)t as a re$orter. %nd +e re$orts so'et'es n t+e t+rd $erson1
so'et'es n t+e frst. Occasonall"1 b)t 2er" seldo'1 P+n)t see's to &2e
)$ +s $lace alto&et+er to t+e ot+er $ersonalt"1 frend or relat2e1 8+o t+en
co'')ncates 8t+ so'et+n& of +s old 'anner and nd2d)alt"G
beco'n& often '$ress2e and realstc.
T+s last1 I sa"1 s rare1 b)t 8t+ one or t8o $ersona&es t occ)rs1 s)bDect
to reser2atons to be 'entoned drectl"G and 8+en t does1 P+n)t does not
a$$ear to 3no8 8+at +as been sad. It s E)te as f +e n +s t)rn e2ac)ated
t+e bod"1 D)st as /rs. P$er +ad done1 8+le a t+rd $ersonalt" )tlses t for
a t'e. T+e 2oce and 'ode of address are once 'ore c+an&ed1 and 'ore or
less recall t+e 2oce and 'anner of t+e $erson re$resented as
co'')ncatn&.
T+e co'')ncatons t+)s obtaned1 t+o)&+ t+e" s+o8 traces of t+e
nd2d)alt" of t+e $erson re$resented as s$ea3n&1 are freE)entl"
2)l&arsedG and t+e s$eec+es are 'ore co''on$lace1 and so to sa" c+ea$er1
t+an 8+at one 8o)ld s)$$ose l3el" fro' t+e $erson +'self. It can1 of
co)rse1 be s)&&ested t+at t+e necesst" of 8or3n& t+ro)&+ t+e bran of a
$erson not +&+l" ed)cated 'a" easl" be s)$$osed ca$able of d)lln& t+e
ed&e of refne'ent1 and of rendern& 'essa&es on abstr)se s)bDects
'$ossble.
(ee also t+e re$ort b" ,r. 6alter Leaf n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$.
??@KBAG and t+e re$ort b" ,r. -od&son n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $$.
<BK?A.
9,9 A . LT+e follo8n& acco)nt s E)oted fro' t+e be&nnn& of t+e
-stor" of t+e G.P. Co'')ncatons19 &2en b" ,r. -od&son n
&roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. .@?K;;?.M
G.P. 'et +s deat+ accdentall"1 and $robabl" nstantaneo)sl"1 b" a fall
n !e8 Yor3 n 4ebr)ar" *A@.1 at t+e a&e of t+rt"Ct8o "ears. -e 8as a
la8"er b" trann&1 b)t +ad de2oted +'self c+efl" to lterat)re and
$+loso$+"1 and +ad $)bls+ed t8o boo3s 8+c+ rece2ed t+e +&+est $rase
fro' co'$etent a)t+ortes. -e +ad resded for 'an" "ears n +ii,LPO-
Boston or ts 2cnt"1 b)t for t+ree "ears $recedn& +s deat+ +ad been l2n&
n !e8 Yor3 n bac+elor a$art'ents. -e 8as an %ssocate of o)r (ocet"1
+s nterest n 8+c+ 8as e#$lcable rat+er b" an ntellect)al o$enness and
fearlessness c+aracterstc of +' t+an b" an" tendenc" to bele2e n
s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena. -e 8as n a sense 8ell 3no8n to 'e $ersonall"1
b)t c+efl" on t+s ntellect)al sdeG t+e bond bet8een )s 8as not t+at of an
old1 nt'ate1 and f I 'a" so s$ea31 e'otonal frends+$. 6e +ad se2eral
lon& tal3s to&et+er on $+loso$+c s)bDects1 and one 2er" lon& dsc)sson1
$robabl" at least t8o "ears before +s deat+1 on t+e $ossblt" of a f)t)re
lfe.9 In t+s +e 'antaned t+at n accordance 8t+ a f)nda'ental
$+loso$+c t+eor" 8+c+ 8e bot+ acce$ted1 a f)t)re lfe9 8as not onl"
ncredble1 b)t nconce2ableG and I 'antaned t+at t 8as at least
conce2able. %t t+e concl)son of t+e dsc)sson +e ad'tted t+at a f)t)re
lfe 8as conce2able1 b)t +e dd not acce$t ts credblt"1 and 2o8ed t+at f
+e s+o)ld de before I dd1 and fo)nd +'self stll e#stn&19 +e 8o)ld
'a3e t+n&s l2el"9 n t+e effort to re2eal t+e fact of +s contn)ed
e#stence.
On /arc+ =t+1 *AAA1 +e +ad a sttn& 8t+ /rs. P$er1 one of a seres
arran&ed b" t+e Co''ttee on /ed)'stc P+eno'ena connected 8t+ t+e
%'ercan (.P.R. ((ee &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. ..) T+e na'es of t+e
stters n t+s seres 8ere 2er" caref)ll" &)arded b" t+e Co''ttee1 and I
'a" add '" o8n o$non t+at /rs. P$er ne2er 3ne8 )ntl recentl" t+at s+e
+ad e2er seen G.P. %t t+e sttn& 8+c+ G.P. attended1 t+e Re2. /not 7.
(a2a&e acted as t+e s)$er2sn& 'e'ber of t+e Co''ttee1 and G.P. 8as a
stran&er to +'. ((ee 2ol. #. $. ;.B.)
G.P.5s concl)son 8as1 brefl"1 t+at t+e res)lts of t+s sttn& dd not
establs+ an" 'ore t+an +"$erFst+esa on t+e $art of t+e 'ed)'.
I 3ne8 of G.P.5s deat+ 8t+n a da" or t8o of ts occ)rrence1 and 8as
$resent at se2eral sttn&s 8t+ /rs. P$er n t+e co)rse of t+e follo8n& fe8
8ee3s1 b)t no all)son 8as 'ade to G.P. On /arc+ ..nd1 *A@.1 bet8een
fo)r and f2e 8ee3s after G.P.5s deat+1 I acco'$aned /r. 7o+n -art Lnot t+e
real na'eM1 8+o +ad been an old nt'ate frend of +s1 to a sttn&.
*
I
)nderstood fro' /r. -art t+at +e +ad so'e artcles 8t+ +' to be )sed as
tests1 b)t +e &a2e 'e no f)rt+er nfor'aton t+an t+s1 t+o)&+ I s)r'sed
t+at t+e artcles '&+t +a2e belon&ed to G.P. T+e +ii,LGP- a$$ont'ent for
t+e sttn& 8as 'ade b" '"self1 and of co)rse /r. -art5s real na'e 8as not
'entoned to /rs. P$er. I abrd&e fro' t+e notes of t+e sttn& 'ade b"
'"self at t+e t'e1 and s)bstt)te1 n $art1 ot+er na'es for t+ose act)all"
)sed.
*
T+e sttn& be&an b" so'e re'ar3s of P+n)t concernn& t+e stter1
follo8ed b" an ncorrect state'ent abo)t a co)sn sad to +a2e ded so'e
"ears before 8t+ so'e +eart tro)ble. /r. -art $resented a penci.
.
P+n)tJ Co)sn. -eart1 t+ro)&+ +ere Lcl)tc+es t+roat and abo)t breast
and lo8erM so'et+n& l3e $ne)'ona. ,o "o) 3no8 t+at5s a brot+erW
((o'et'es +e )sed to call 'e brot+er.) -e5s 2er" close to "o). (-e sn5t '"
brot+er1 t+o)&+ 8e )sed to sa" t of eac+ ot+er.) LT+e $encl +ad been 8orn
b" an )ncle of 'ne 8+o ded of nfla''aton of t+e bladder.7.-.M
LP+n)t +ere calls o)t a na'e t+at s)&&ests an atte'$t at 'o#ards. (ee
later.R.-.M (I don5t 3no8 an" one of t+at na'e.)
L(tter &2es loc3et1 sa"n&1 -e also 8ore t+s.9M
P+n)t Lfn&ern& loc3et +ardMJ It +as +ar n t. It s t+e +ar of +s
fat+erYGeor&eYand of anot+er1 +s 'ot+er1 too. (Yes1 t+at5s r&+t.) T+e
nfl)ences are conf)sn&. (I +a2e so'et+n& else +ere) L&2n& 8atc+M. Yes.
Geor&e. -aY-arY-art. L%ll correct. T+e na'e of '" )ncle Geor&e s n
t+e bac3 of t+e 8atc+. 6+en +e ded1 '" )ncle %lbert 8ore t. I dd not
re'e'ber t+at t+e na'e 8as en&ra2ed on t+e nner case of t+e 8atc+.
7.-.M
LalYlalY%lbertYs t+at t+e 8a" "o) $rono)nce tW -e s 2er" fond of
"o). -e sa"s +e s not dedYdead. -e 8ll see "o) a&an. -e s &lad to see
"o). -e s 2er" fond of "o). LLal 8as a $et na'e '" fat+er so'et'es
called '" )ncle %lbert.7.-.M
6+o s 7a'esY7'W (Yes1 I 3no81 b)t +e s not dead.) T+ere s +ii,LGG-
anot+er Geor&e 8+o 8ants to s$ea3 to "o). -o8 'an" Geor&es are t+ere
abo)t "o) an" 8a"W
T+e rest of t+e sttn&1 )ntl al'ost t+e close1 8as occ)$ed b"
state'ents fro' G.P.1 P+n)t actn& as nter'edar". Geor&e Pel+a'5s real
na'e 8as &2en n f)ll1 also t+e na'es1 bot+ C+rstan and s)rna'e1 of
se2eral of +s 'ost nt'ate frends1 ncl)dn& t+e na'e of t+e stter.
/oreo2er1 ncdents 8ere referred to 8+c+ 8ere )n3no8n to t+e stter
or '"self.
One of t+e $ar of st)ds 8+c+ 7.-. 8as 8earn& 8as &2en to P+n)t.
Y(6+o &a2e t+e' to 'eW) T+at5s 'ne. I &a2e "o) t+at $art of t. I sent
t+at to "o). (6+enW) Before I ca'e +ere. T+at5s 'ne. /ot+er &a2e "o) t+at.
(!o.) 6ell1 fat+er t+en1 fat+er and 'ot+er to&et+er. Yo) &ot t+ose after I
$assed o)t. /ot+er too3 t+e'. Ga2e t+e' to fat+er1 and fat+er &a2e t+e' to
"o). I 8ant "o) to 3ee$ t+e'. I 8ll t+e' to "o).9 /r. -art notesJ T+e
st)ds 8ere sent to 'e b" /r. Pel+a' as a re'e'brance of +s son. I 3ne8 at
t+e t'e t+at t+e" +ad been ta3en fro' G.5s bod"1 and after8ards ascertaned
t+at +s ste$'ot+er +ad ta3en t+e' fro' t+e bod" and s)&&ested t+at t+e"
8o)ld do to send to 'e1 I +a2n& $re2o)sl" 8rtten to as3 t+at so'e lttle
'e'ento be sent to 'e.9
7a'es and /ar" L/r. and /rs.M -o8ard 8ere 'entoned 8t+ stron&l"
$ersonal s$ecfc references1 and n connecton 8t+ /rs. -o8ard ca'e t+e
na'e Rat+arne. Tell +er1 s+e5ll 3no8. I 8ll sol2e t+e $roble's1
Rat+arne.9 /r. -art notesJ T+s +ad no s$ecal s&nfcance for 'e at t+e
t'e1 t+o)&+ I 8as a8are t+at Rat+arne1 t+e da)&+ter of 7' -o8ard1 8as
3no8n to Geor&e1 8+o )sed to l2e 8t+ t+e -o8ards. On t+e da" follo8n&
t+e sttn& I &a2e /r. -o8ard a detaled acco)nt of t+e sttn&. T+ese 8ords1
HI 8ll sol2e t+e $roble's1 Rat+arne1I '$ressed +' 'ore t+an an"t+n&
else1 and at t+e close of '" acco)nt +e related t+at Geor&e1 8+en +e +ad last
sta"ed 8t+ t+e'1 +ad tal3ed freE)entl" 8t+ Rat+arne (a &rl of ffteen
"ears of a&e) )$on s)c+ s)bDects as T'e1 ($ace1 God1 Eternt"1 and $onted
o)t to +er +o8 )nsatsfactor" t+e co''onl" acce$ted sol)tons 8ere. -e
added t+at so'e t'e +e 8o)ld sol2e t+e $roble's1 and let +er 3no81 )sn&
al'ost t+e 2er" 8ords of t+e co'')ncaton 'ade at t+e sttn&.9 /r. -art
added t+at +e 8as entrel" )na8are of t+ese crc)'stances. I 8as '"self
)na8are of t+e'1 and 8as not at t+at t'e acE)anted 8t+ t+e -o8ards1 and
n fact nearl" e2er" state'ent 'ade at t+e sttn&1 d)rn& 8+c+ I 8as t+e
noteCta3er1 concerned 'atters of 8+c+ I 8as absol)tel" &norant.
/eredt+1 an nt'ate frend of /r. -art and G.P.1 8as 'entoned. Lent
a boo3 to /eredt+. Tell +' to 3ee$ t for 'e. Go to '" roo' 8+ere '"
des3 s.9 In re$l" to nE)res (%$rl *A@.)1 /eredt+ stated t+at t+e last t'e
+e sa8 Pel+a' 8as n Pel+a'5s o8n roo' se2eral 'ont+s before t+e latter5s
deat+. T+e" +ad s$ent t+e &reater $art of t+e da" to&et+er1 and Pel+a' +ad
$ressed /eredt+ to ta3e a8a" so'e of +s +ii,LGH- 'an)scr$ts and boo3s.
T+)s far t+e reference to /eredt+ see's to +a2e been correct. B)t /eredt+
8as )nable to re'e'ber defntel" t+at +e too3 an" 'an)scr$t or boo3
a8a".
T+e onl" references co'n& fro' G.P. t+at 8ere a$$arentl" conf)sed or
8t+o)t s$ecal s&nfcance 8ere t+e re'ar3s to8ards t+e end of t+e sttn&J
G2e 'e a $o8derG '" ton&)e s 8et98+c+ +ad no 'eann& for t+e
stter (b)t 8+c+ t+e -o8ards t+o)&+t '&+t +a2e reference to a t'e 8+en
G.P. 8as ll n t+er +o)se)and t+e state'ents belo8 abo)t t+e
+and3erc+ef and $er+a$s t+e :ncle 6ll.9 -e dd lea2e +s $a$ers1 letters1
&c.1 '#ed )$.9
7o+n1 f t+at s "o)1 s$ea3 to 'e. Tell 7' I 8ant to see +'. -e 8ll
+ardl" bele2e 'e1 bele2e t+at I a' +ere. I 8ant +' to 3no8 8+ere I a'.
YO &ood fello8. %ll &ot dar31 t+en t &re8 l&+t. 6+ere s :ncle 6llW I
'et :ncle 6lle1 6lla'. (I don5t 3no8 8+at "o) 'ean.) %s3 2other.
(+e5ll 3no8. LG.P. +ad no :ncle 6lla' deceased. -e +ad a deceased
&reatC)ncle 6lla'1 on +s 'ot+er5s sde1 8+o 8as t+)s t+e )ncle of +s
'ot+er deceased and +s ste$'ot+er l2n&1 8+o are ssters.M
Go )$ to '" roo'. (6+c+ roo'W) :$ to '" roo'1 8+ere I 8rte. I5ll
co'e. ($ea3 to 'e1 7o+n. (6+at roo'W) (t)d". (Yo) sad so'et+n& abo)t
a des3 D)st no8.) I left t+n&s all '#ed )$. I 8s+ "o)5d &o )$ and
stra&+ten t+e' o)t for 'e. Lot of na'es. Lot of letters. I left t+n&s '#ed
)$. Yo) ans8er t+e' for 'e. 6s+ I co)ld re'e'ber 'ore1 b)t I5'
conf)sed. CL:B. 6ent to t+e Cl)b. T8o t+n&s at t+e Cl)b to 'a3e r&+t.
(6+at Cl)bW) -s +andCer(+and3erc+ef). -and3erc+ef. (6+at does +e
8ant 8t+ +s +and3erc+efW) I left t at t+e Cl)b. (6+at Cl)bW) O:RY dd
"o) fnd tW (Yes1 no1 "o) +a2en5t told 'e at 8+at Cl)b.) I sa8 "o) t+ere. It
sn5t l3e "o)1 7o+n. LT+e last t'e I sa8 G. 8as at t+e Pla"ers5 Cl)b n !e8
Yor3.7.-.M
6+o5s Ro&etsW LP+n)t tres to s$ell t+e real na'e.M (($ell t+at a&an.)
L%t t+e frst atte'$t after8ards P+n)t lea2es o)t a letter1 t+en s$ells t
correctl".M Ro&ers. (6+at do "o) 8ant Ro&ers to &etW) I 8ant "o) to tell
Ro&ers to &et '" +and3erc+ef. I left t. -e fo)nd t. Ro&ers +as &ot a boo3
of 'ne. (6+at s +e &on& to do 8t+ tW)
LBot+ -art and G.P. 3ne8 Ro&ers1 8+o at t+at t'e +ad a certan /(.
boo3 of G.P. n +s $ossesson. T+e boo3 8as fo)nd after G.P.5s deat+ and
&2en to Ro&ers to be edted. G.P. +ad $ro'sed d)rn& +s lfet'e t+at a
$artc)lar ds$oston s+o)ld be 'ade of t+s boo3 after +s deat+. T+s
acton 8+c+ G.P. l2n& +ad conte'$lated 8t+ re&ard to t+e boo3 8as
+ere1 and n s)bseE)ent )tterances 8+c+ fro' t+er $r2ate nat)re I cannot
E)ote1 enDoned e'$+atcall" and re$eatedl"1 and +ad t been at once carred
o)t1 as desred b" G.P.1 ')c+ s)bseE)ent )n+a$$ness and conf)son '&+t
+a2e been a2oded. !et+er -art nor Ro&ers 3no8s an"t+n& of t+e
+and3erc+ef ncdent.M
,)rn& t+e latter $art of t+e sttn&1 and 8t+o)t an" rele2ance to t+e
re'ar3s ''edatel" before and after1 8+c+ 8ere E)te clear as e#$ressons
fro' G.P.1 ca'e t+e 8ords1 6+o5s 7a'esW 6ll6lla'.9 LIt ')st be
re'e'bered t+at P+n)t 8as tal3n& t+ro)&+o)t.M T+s 8as a$$arentl"
e#$laned b" P+n)t5s f)rt+er re'ar3s at t+e close of t+e sttn&.
+ii,LGI-
P+n)tJ 6+o5s %lceW (6+at do "o) 8ant 'e to sa" to +erW) LTo R.-.M
%lce n s$rt. %lce n s$rt sa"s t5s all o2er no81 and tell %lce n t+e
bod" all s 8ell. Tell 6ll I5ll e#$lan t+n&s later on. -e LGeor&eM calls
%lce1 too1 n t+e bod". I 8ant +er to 3no8 'e1 too1 %lce and Rat+arne. Y
($ea3 to +'. -e 8on5t &o tll "o) sa" &oodCb"e. LT+e +and t+en 8roteJ
Geor&e Pel+a'. Good da" (W) 7o+n.M
LP+n)t5s reference see'ed to be E)te clear at t+e t'e to Professor
6lla' 7a'es1 and t+e t+ree %lces 8ere dscr'nated. It see'ed as
t+o)&+ P+n)t5s 'enton of t+e ot+er %lces +ad re'nded G.P. of t+e one
8ell 3no8n to +'. %lce 7a'es1 t+e sster of Professor 6lla' 7a'es1 +ad
recentl" ded n En&land. T+e frst na'e of /rs. 7a'es s also %lce. %lce1
t+e sster of Rat+arne1 s t+e "o)n&est da)&+ter of /r. -o8ard and 8as
2er" fond of G.P.M
%s I +a2e alread" sad1 t+e 'ost $ersonal references 'ade at t+e sttn&
cannot be E)otedG t+e" 8ere re&arded b" 7.-. as $rofo)ndl" c+aracterstc of
Pel+a'1 and n 'nor 'atters1 8+ere '" notes 8ere s$ecall" nadeE)ate1
s)c+ as n t+e 8ords of &reetn& and occasonal re'ar3s to t+e stter1 t+e
'anner of reference to +s 'ot+er 8t+ +' s$rt)all"19 and to +s fat+er
and Lste$M 'ot+er l2n&1 &c.1 t+e stter 8as stron&l" '$ressed 8t+ t+e
vraisembance of t+e $ersonalt" of Pel+a'.
9,9 B . L,r. -od&son5s Re$ort contn)es as follo8sJM
It so +a$$ened t+at a$$ont'ents +ad been 'ade for ot+er stters1 and t
8as nearl" t+ree 8ee3s before a s$ecal o$$ort)nt" 8as &2en for f)rt+er
co'')ncaton fro' G.P.1 at a sttn& 8+en /r. and /rs. 7a'es -o8ard
8ere $resent alone. In t+e nter' I acco'$aned se2eral dfferent $ersons to
t+er sttn&s1 and at eac+ of t+ese P+n)t re$resented G.P. as an#o)s to see
+s frends1 )sn& so'e re'ar3 as Geor&e sa"s1 8+en are "o) &on& to
brn& 7'W9 or Geor&e sa"s +e 8ants to tell "o) abo)t t+e $+loso$+" of
t+s lfe.9 One onl" of t+ese stters1 /r. Vance1 +ad been 3no8n to G.P.1 and
at t+e be&nnn& of +s sttn&1 8+c+ 8as on /arc+ ;>t+1 *A@.1 G.P. frst
8rote a fe8 8ords to '"self e#$ressn& a 8s+ to see +s fat+er (/r. P.)
abo)t so'e $r2ate 'attersG t+en P+n)t s$o3e for +'1 sa"n&1 I 8ant to
tell "o) 8+ere I a' and 8+at I a' don& and 8+at t+s lfe conssts of.9
T+en references 8ere 'ade to t8o ot+er frends of G.P.1 8+o +ad also been
'entoned at 7o+n -art5s sttn&1 and t+en for t+e frst t'e t+e stter 8as
notced. -o8 s "o)r sonW I 8ant to see +' so'e t'e.9 6+ere dd +e
3no8 '" sonW9 In st)des1 n colle&e.9 T+s 8as correctJ /r. Vance +ad a
son 8+o 8as classC'ate of G.P. /r. Vance t+en as3edJ 6+ere dd Geor&e
sta" 8t+ )sW9 and rece2ed a correct ans8er1 a descr$ton of +s co)ntr"
+o)se ben& &2en. ((ee 7eport, $$. <?=KA.)
%t t+e -o8ards5 frst sttn&1 on %$rl **t+1 *A@.1 for 8+c+ I 'ade t+e
a$$ont'ent1 of co)rse 8t+o)t &2n& na'es1 P+n)t sad 2er" lttle. %fter
a fe8 8ords at t+e be&nnn& +e &a2e 8a" for 8+at $)r$orted to be G.P.
)sn& t+e 2oce1 and d)rn& nearl" t+e 8+ole of t+e t'e of trance +ii,LGJ-
a$$arentl" G.P. controlled t+e 2oce drectl". T+e state'ents 'ade 8ere
nt'atel" $ersonal and c+aracterstc. Co''on frends 8ere referred to b"
na'e1 nE)res 8ere 'ade abo)t $r2ate 'atters1 and t+e -o8ards1 8+o
8ere not $reds$osed to ta3e an" nterest n $s"c+cal researc+1 b)t 8+o +ad
been nd)ced b" t+e acco)nt of /r. -art to +a2e a sttn& 8t+ /rs. P$er1
8ere $rofo)ndl" '$ressed 8t+ t+e feeln& t+at t+e" 8ere n tr)t+ +oldn& a
con2ersaton 8t+ t+e $ersonalt" of t+e frend 8+o' t+e" +ad 3no8n so
'an" "ears. T+e follo8n& $assa&es are fro' /r. -o8ard5s notes ta3en
d)rn& t+e sttn&1 and 'a" ser2e to s)&&est to so'e e#tent t+e freedo' 8t+
8+c+ t+e con2ersaton 8as carred on. %ll t+e references to $ersons and
LncdentsM are correct.
G.P.J 7'1 s t+at "o)W ($ea3 to 'e E)c3. I a' not dead. ,on5t t+n3 'e
dead. I5' a8f)ll" &lad to see "o). Can5t "o) see 'eW ,on5t "o) +ear 'eW
G2e '" lo2e to '" fat+er and tell +' I 8ant to see +'. I a' +a$$" +ere1
and 'ore so snce I fnd I can co'')ncate 8t+ "o). I $t" t+ose $eo$le
8+o can5t s$ea3YI 8ant "o) to 3no8 I t+n3 of "o) stll. I s$o3e to 7o+n
abo)t so'e letters. I left t+n&s terrbl" '#ed1 '" boo3s and '" $a$ersG
"o) 8ll for&2e 'e for t+s1 8on5t "o)WY
(6+at do "o) do1 Geor&e1 8+ere "o) areW)
I a' scarcel" able to do an"t+n& "etG I a' D)st a8a3ened to t+e realt"
of lfe after deat+. It 8as l3e dar3ness1 I co)ld not dstn&)s+ an"t+n& at
frst. ,ar3est +o)rs D)st before da8n1 "o) 3no8 t+at1 7'. I 8as $)NNled1
conf)sed. (+all +a2e an occ)$aton soon. !o8 I can see "o)1 '" frends. I
can +ear "o) s$ea3. Yo)r 2oce1 7'1 I can dstn&)s+ 8t+ "o)r accent and
artc)laton1 b)t t so)nds l3e a b& bass dr)'. /ne 8o)ld so)nd to "o)
l3e t+e fantest 8+s$er.
(O)r con2ersaton t+en s so'et+n& l3e tele$+onn&W)
Yes.
(B" lon& dstance tele$+one.)
LG.P. la)&+s.M
(6ere "o) not s)r$rsed to fnd "o)rself l2n&W)
Perfectl" so. Greatl" s)r$rsed. I dd not bele2e n a f)t)re lfe. It 8as
be"ond '" reasonn& $o8ers. !o8 t s as clear to 'e as da"l&+t. 6e +a2e
an astral facCs'le of t+e 'ateral bod".Y 7'1 8+at are "o) 8rtn& no8W
LG.P. 8+en l2n& 8o)ld $robabl" +a2e Deered at t+e assocatons of t+e
8ord astral.9R.-.M
(!ot+n& of an" '$ortance.)
6+" don5t "o) 8rte abo)t t+sW
(I s+o)ld l3e to1 b)t t+e e#$resson of '" o$nons 8o)ld be not+n&. I
')st +a2e facts.)
T+ese I 8ll &2e to "o) and to -od&son f +e s stll nterested n t+ese
t+n&s.
(6ll $eo$le 3no8 abo)t t+s $ossblt" of co'')ncatonW)
T+e" are s)re to n t+e end. It s onl" a E)eston of t'e 8+en $eo$le n
t+e 'ateral bod" 8ll 3no8 all abo)t t1 and e2er" one 8ll be able to
co'')ncate.Y I 8ant all t+e fello8s to 3no8 abo)t 'e.Y 6+at s Ro&ers
8rtn&W
(% no2el.)
+ii,LGK-
!o1 not t+at. Is +e not 8rtn& so'et+n& abo)t 'eW
(Yes1 +e s $re$arn& a 'e'oral of "o).)
T+at s nceG t s $leasant to be re'e'bered. It s 2er" 3nd of +'. -e
8as al8a"s 3nd to 'e 8+en I 8as al2e. /art+a Ro&ers Ldeceased
da)&+terM s +ere. I +a2e tal3ed 8t+ +er se2eral t'es. (+e reflects too ')c+
on +er last llness1 on ben& fed 8t+ a t)be. 6e tell +er s+e o)&+t to for&et
t1 and s+e +as done so n &ood 'eas)re1 b)t s+e 8as ll a lon& t'e. (+e s a
dear lttle creat)re 8+en "o) 3no8 +er1 b)t s+e s +ard to 3no8. (+e s a
bea)tf)l lttle so)l. (+e sends +er lo2e to +er fat+er.Y
Ber8c31 +o8 s +eW G2e +' '" lo2e. -e s a &ood fello8G +e s 8+at I
al8a"s t+o)&+t +' n lfe1 tr)st8ort+" and +ono)rable. -o8 s Orenber&W
-e +as so'e of '" letters. G2e +' '" 8ar'est lo2e. -e 8as al8a"s 2er"
fond of 'e1 t+o)&+ +e )nderstood 'e least of all '" frends. 6e fello8s
8+o are eccentrc are al8a"s 's)nderstood n lfe. I )sed to +a2e fts of
de$resson. I +a2e none no8. I a' +a$$" no8. I 8ant '" fat+er to 3no8
abo)t t+s. 6e )sed to tal3 abo)t s$rt)al t+n&s1 b)t +e 8ll be +ard to
con2nce. /" 'ot+er 8ll be easer.Y
L%s stated abo2e1 all t+e references to $ersons1 ncdents1 c+aracters1
&c.1 so far as t+e" are 3no8n to l2n& $ersons1 are correct.M
%'on& t+e $r2ate 'atters referred to 8as t+e ds$oston of t+e boo31
concernn& 8+c+ G.P. e#$ressed orall" t+e sa'e desre as before. ((ee
abo2e1 $. B*..) T+e onl" 8rtn& $rod)ced at t+s sttn& 'oreo2er 8as
confned to t+s 'atter1 and 8as a 'essa&e to +s fat+er re$eatn& +s 8s+.
-e referred to a tn bo# of Ger'an 'an)fact)re 8+c+ +e sad 8as
et+er n !e8 Yor3 or V L&2n& t+e na'e1 a 2er" $ec)lar one1 of t+e
localt" of +s fat+er5s co)ntr" resdenceM. -e sad t+at t contaned letters
fro' t+ree $ersons 8+o' +e s$ecfed. -e 8s+ed t+e -o8ards to +a2e t+s
bo#. T+e" re$led t+at t+e letters 8ere all b)rned.
G.P.J I t+n3 not. I 8ant "o) to +a2e t+e'. I 8ant "o) to tell '" fat+er
abo)t t+s.
(Can5t "o) &2e )s so'et+n& t+at 8ll con2nce +'W so'et+n& 8e
don5t 3no8 and +e doesW)
I )nderstand1 a test. Yo) can tell +' abo)t t+s tn bo# t+at I left n '"
roo'. I 3no8 t+e" +a2e ta3en t+e c+est1 b)t t+s tn bo# t+e" +a2e not. LT+e
bo# 8as fo)nd at V1 b)t t+ere 8ere no letters n t.R.-.M
L/r. Vance1 t+e stter of /arc+ ;>t+1 *A@.1 +ad sent 'e t8o E)estons
for G.P.1 8+c+ I reE)ested t+e -o8ards to $)t at t+er sttn&. T+e E)estons
8ere*. 6+at 8as t+e $)r$ose of t+e assocaton "o) for'ed t8o "ears
a&o 8t+ /ss -elen Vance and t8o ot+er ladesW .. G2e t+e na'es of t+e
t8o ot+er lades.9 /" '$resson s t+at I &a2e /r. -o8ard '" recollecton
of t+ese E)estons 8t+o)t +a2n& t+e or&nal letter of /r. Vance at +and1
and $robabl" /r. -o8ard $)t t+e E)estons as I &a2e t+e' to +'. -s
acco)nt s as follo8sJM
T+en 8e $)t t8o test E)estons1 b" reE)est of /r. -od&sonJ *st. 6+at
8as t+e nat)re of t+e (ocet" for'ed b" "o) and so'e ot+er "o)n& $eo$leW
-e 8as ob2o)sl" conf)sed1 and n tr"n& to ans8er sad de2elo$'ent.9
6e told +' not to bot+er abo)t t no81 b)t to tell )s at ne#t sttn&1 a
$ro$osal 8+c+ +ii,LGL- P+n)t reco''ended1 b)t +e +'self n +s &r)ff
2oce s)&&ested T+eoso$+c.9 I told +' no. -e 'ade a tr" at E)eston .nd.
!a'es of 'e'bers of (ocet"1 -elen ,ern&,errc+1 or -errc3.9 LT+e
E)estons 8ere a$$arentl" not as3ed )ntl to8ards t+e end of t+e sttn&1 and
P+n)t +ad e2dentl" ta3en control of t+e 2oce and 8as actn& as
nter'edar". T+e ans8er ')st be called 8ron&1 alt+o)&+ -elen 8as t+e
frst na'e of one of t+e 'e'bers.R.-.M
9,9 C . LT+e follo8n& s fro' ,r. -od&son5s re$ort n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. ;?;K?=.M
I close t+s secton of '" Re$ort b" a bref acco)nt of t+e case of t+e
frend 8+o' I +a2e called /r. -art1 to 8+o' n t+e frst nstance G.P.
'anfested (see 9,9 A/, and 8+o +'self ded n !a$les on /a" .nd1 *A@?.
%s n G.P.5s case1 I s)bstt)te ot+er na'es for t+e real ones. I +ad not been
+a2n& re&)lar seres of sttn&s at t+s t'e1 and +eard ncdentall" on /a"
;rd t+at a cable&ra' +ad been rece2ed b" a relat2e anno)ncn& t+e deat+
of -art. /" assstant1 /ss Ed')nds1 8ent o)t to /rs. P$er at '" reE)est
to arran&e a sttn& for 'e for t+e ne#t da"1 /a" <t+1 and to sa" t+at t 8as
e#tre'el" '$ortant t+at I ')st +a2e t+e sttn&. I dd not tell /ss Ed')nds
t+e reason1 and s+e 'ade a totall" erroneo)s conDect)re concernn& t. T+e
anno)nce'ent of t+e deat+1 +o8e2er1 8t+ t+e $lace and ca)se of deat+
(nfla''aton of t+e +eart)1 a$$eared n a Boston e2enn& $a$er on /a"
;rd. %t t+e sttn& on /a" <t+1 after a fe8 8ords fro' P+n)t1 G.P. 8rote
and &a2e se2eral 'essa&es fro' frends1 and t+en as3ed 8+at +e co)ld do
for 'e. I re$led t+at I +ad so'et+n& for +' to do1 b)t co)ld not tell +'
8+at t 8as. -e 'ade a bref reference to +s fat+er and 'ot+er1 and t+en to
a frend of '" o8n1 and t+en ca'e t+e follo8n&J
-old1 -. (ee all of t+ese $eo$le brn&n& a &entle'an. LR.-. t+n3s t+s
s unintentionay 8rtten1 and doesn5t re$eat t+e 8ords alo)d.M
ReadYdo "o) see t+e'1 -.W (!o.) -e s co'n& +ere. I t+n3 I 3ne8
+'. LR.-. can5t dec$+er after thinB.M T+at I 3ne8 +'. Co'e +ere and
lsten1 -. -e +as been +ere before and I +a2e seen +' snce I $assed o)t.
(6+o s tW) 7o+n. ,o "o) see 'e1 -.W9 -e sa"s t+s. (!o.) 6+at abo)t
'" +ealt+W O+1 Geor&e1 I a' +ere1 do not &o a8a" fro' 'e19Ynot to "o)1
-.1 to 'e. (Yes1 I )nderstand.) I t+o)&+t I s+o)ld see "o) once 'ore before
I ca'e +ere.9 (6+at s t+e f)ll na'eW) 7o+n -. (G2e 'e t+e second na'e n
f)ll.) ,d "o) s$ea3W (6rte t+e second na'e n f)ll.) -art. (T+at5s r&+t1
-art1 old fello8.) 6ll "o) lsten to 'e1 -od&YL/)c+ e#cte'ent n +and1
and letters D)'bled o2er. G.P. 8rtn& t+ro)&+o)t1 b)t at t'es a$$arentl"
')c+ $ert)rbaton ntrod)ced.M Geor&e 3ne8 I 8as +ere and 'et 'e1 b)t I
8as too 8ea3 to co'e +ere and tal31 -.9YYes1 -.1 b)t t+e dear old fello8
s s+ortCbreat+ed.YI e#$ected to see "o) before I ca'e +ere1 -. (Yes1 I
+o$ed to +a2e 'et "o) n t+e bod" a&an) b)t "o) see I 8as faln&. -o8 are
"o)W9
6+at La$$arentl" fro' G.P. to -art.M
I bro)&+t Ge +ere frst.9 (Yes1 "o) dd.)
Yes1 I do Lfro' G.P. to -art.M L/ore $robabl" fro' -art to G.P.1 n +ii,
LGM- ans8er to so'e s)c+ E)eston as ,o "o) 'ean 'eW9 fro' G.P. to
-art. *A@A.M
O+1 8+at abo)t 'e1 -.W
(-e 'eans "o)r frst 'essa&es ca'e to +'.)
O+1 I seeZ b)t I 8asYb)t ("o) 8ere o)t of t+e bod") "es.Y I a' a lttle
d)ll1 -.1 n '" +ead.9 (Isn5t t+e ight &ood toda" W) Yes1 b)t t s I1 -.1 '"
("o) 'ean you are not n &ood tr'1 Geor&eW) !o no I -art no1 -. I -art (I
see1 -art s d)ll1 -art can5t do so 8ell.) L-. s t+e ntal of -art5s real na'e.
*A@A.M LT+)'$ 8t+ fst. /)c+ t+)'$n& 8t+ fst d)rn& sttn&1 ndcat2e
of assent at dfferent t'es.M
T+e abo2e s transcrbed fro' t+e t"$eC8rtten co$" of t+e record of t+e
sttn&1 and t+e E)otaton 'ar3s 8ere do)btless nserted b" '"self to 'a3e
t+e record clearer. T+ere 8as ')c+ conf)son n t+e rest of t+e sttn&. T+e
ca)se of deat+ +e stated to be nfla''aton of t+e sto'ac+1 8+c+ 8as not
correct1 t+o)&+ +e +ad s)ffered ')c+ fro' t+s for a "ear before +s deat+. I
'a" +a2e 3no8n of t+s1 b)t 8as not consco)sl" a8are of t. I 3ne8 t+at +e
+ad been ll n E)ro$e1 b)t 8+en I last +eard fro' +' se2eral 'ont+s
$re2o)sl"1 I )nderstood t+at +e +ad reco2ered. T+ere 8ere conf)sed
references to t+e -o8ards. -e referred to t8o ot+er frends n E)ro$e
(8+ose na'es +ad been &2en n $re2o)s sttn&s b" G.P.)1 'entoned
se2eral na'es )n3no8n to 'e1 and referred to ncdents n connecton 8t+
t+e'1 as 8ell as ot+er 'atters1 none of 8+c+1 for fa'l" reasons1 I +a2e "et
been able to 2erf". I t+n3 t $robable t+at t+e" 8ll be $artall"1 b)t onl"
$artall" correct. T+ere see'ed to be &l'$ses +ere and t+ere of a clear
consco)sness. -e 8anted to 3no8 f t 8as Pars (8+ere +e +ad sta"ed
so'e t'e 8+le n E)ro$e). I sad t 8as %rln&ton -e&+ts.
%rln&ton1 I re'e'ber %rln&tondd "o) not ta3e 'e +ereW (Yes1 t+s
s t+e 2er" roo' 8+ere Geor&e ca'e to "o).) O+ "es1 I +ad +s Lartcle of
G.P. s$ecfcall" 'entonedM and '" 8atc+.Y 6ll t+e" send '" bod" on
to !e8 Yor3W (I don5t 3no8.) I +o$e t+e" 8ll. T+e" are no8 tal3n& abo)t
t.9 LI learned later t+at t+e desrablt" of ta3n& t+e bod" to %'erca 8as
dsc)ssed.M
6+en I as3ed1 6+" ddn5t Geor&e tell 'e to be&n 8t+W9 +e re$led1
Beca)se I told +' to let 'e co'e and tell '"self.9 T+s 8as l3e -art1 and
so 8as t+e state'ent E)oted abo2e t+at t 8as +e 8+o bro)&+t G.P. frst.
%t t+s sttn&1 and se2eral also n t+e follo8n& 8ee31 d)rn& 8+c+ t+e
conf)son contn)ed1 a 3no8led&e 8as s+o8n of 2aro)s 'atters 3no8n to
'e 8+c+ 8ere s$ecall" s)&&est2e of -art1 references to frends and
relat2es1 $resents 8+c+ +e +ad &2en to 'e1 Do3es abo)t c&ars1 'a&aNnes
8+c+ +e +ad entr)sted to 'e D)st before +e 8ent to E)ro$e t+ree "ears
$re2o)sl"1 &c.1 b)t of co)rse I 8as an#o)s to obtan nfor'aton
concernn& e2ents n E)ro$e of 8+c+ I 8as entrel" &norant1 es$ecall" an"
t+at occ)rred D)st before +s deat+G and I +a2e s)c+ on record1 b)t +a2e +ii,
LGN- not "et s)cceeded n dsco2ern& +o8 ')c+ correct state'ent t+e"
ncl)de. Bet8een t+e frst and second sttn& t occ)rred to 'e t+at t+e
anno)nce'ent of +s ben& t+ere to co'')ncate 8as led )$ to9 b" G.P.1
and at t+e second sttn&1 8+en -art 8rote $art of t+e t'e +'self1 I sad1 I
s)$$ose last t'e "o) t+o)&+t I too3 "o)r co'n& 2er" cooll".9 T+e +and
8rote e#ctedl"J Yo) see'ed 2er" nconsderate to 8+at "o) )sed to do.9 I
e#$laned t+at I +ad +eard of +s deat+ b" a cable&ra' 8+c+ +ad been
rece2ed b" +s brot+erCnCla8.9 -e t+en 8rote t+e na'e of t+e brot+er of
+s sster5s +)sband. I sad no1 "o)r 8fe5s brot+er.9
%not+er ncdent at t+e sa'e sttn& s+o8ed a c)ro)s re'e'brance.
Y%s3 for '" c&ar caseYa' I drea'n&YI t+n3 I 3no8 t+at once I sat
n t+s corner L+and $onts to ot+er sde of t+e roo'1 to $lace 8+ere /rs.
P$er sat at t'e 8+en -art attended +s sttn& on /arc+ ..nd1 *A@..M (Yo)
'ean "o) sat t+ereW) Yes I dd ("es1 I re'e'ber) I 3no8 8+ere I a' no8.
%s I recall t+s ncdent1 I dd not )nderstand 8+at 8as 'eant at frst
8+en t+e +and $onted1 as t 8as 'ore t+an t+ree "ears snce /rs. P$er +ad
sat t+ere. T+at $oston n t+e roo' 8as not assocated s$ecall" n '" 'nd
8t+ -art1 as 2aro)s ot+er $ersons 8+o' I +ad acco'$aned to sttn&s +ad
sat n t+e sa'e $oston1 bot+ before and after -art5s sttn&1 and t 8as onl"
after %$rl .@t+1 *A@. (see 7eport, $. .@.)1 8+en I s)cceeded n &ettn& t+e
+and to 8rte 8t+ t+e bloc3Cboo3 on t+e table nstead of on t+e to$ of /rs.
P$er5s +ead1 t+at I reE)ested /rs. P$er to c+an&e +er $oston1 so t+at t+ere
'&+t be $lent" of roo' for t+e table and for a stter on t+e ot+er sde of t.
B)t t+e occason 8as a 2er" 'e'orable one to 'art, and f he 8as
co'')ncatn& and 8a3n& to a consco)sness of +s s)rro)ndn&s1 t 8as a
nat)ral obser2aton for +' to 'a3e.
In 7)ne and 7)l" a frend of 'ne 8as +a2n& a seres of sttn&s1 and
-art sent a 'essa&e to 'e t+ro)&+ +'G +e 8as beco'n& clearer1 and
8s+ed to co'')ncate. T+ere 8ere no o$$ort)ntes for an" f)rt+er seres
of sttn&s1 +o8e2er1 and /rs. P$er sto$$ed sttn& for +er s)''er rest1 and
I 2sted En&land later. 4e8 sttn&s 8ere &2en n t+e 8nter of *A@?KB
o8n& to /rs. P$er5s llC+ealt+. -art &a2e bref 'essa&es on se2eral
occasonsG sad t+at +e 8anted to follo8 n G.P.5s trac3s19 and see'ed
so'e8+at a&&re2ed1 so to s$ea31 beca)se +e dd not +a2e t+e sa'e
o$$ort)nt" as +ad been afforded to G.P. T+)s1 on 7an)ar" ..nd1 *A@BJ
Y6+at n t+e 8orld s t+e reason "o) ne2er call for 'eW I a' not
slee$n&. I 8s+ to +el$ "o) n dentf"n& '"self1YI a' a &ood deal better
no8. (Yo) 8ere conf)sed at frst.) Ver"1 b)t I dd not reall" )nderstand +o8
conf)sed I 8as. It s 'ore so1 I a' 'ore so 8+en I tr" to s$ea3 to "o). I
)nderstand no8 8+" Geor&e s$elled +s 8ords to +ii,LGO- 'e. L(e2eral
sentences1 e2en of ordnar" 8ords1 8ere s$elt o)t b" P+n)t fro' G.P. at
+s frst a$$earance1 to -art.M
-e beca'e clearer later on1 and $)r$orted to ta3e $art n an nE)r" I
8as 'a3n& concernn&G a $erson5s 8+ereabo)ts n /e#co. It 8as d)rn&
t+s t'e t+at /ss 6arner (7eport, $. ;.<) +ad +er t8o sttn&s1 7an)ar" Bt+
and =t+1 *A@=. (+e re'ar3ed to 'e d)rn& t+e sttn& of 7an)ar" =t+1 *A@=1
t+at -art 3ne8 one of +er brot+ers1 C+arle1 and t+at t+e" 8ent to t+e %Nores
to&et+er. I as3ed P+n)t f +e or G.P. co)ld &et -art. (+ortl" after8ards
G.P. 8rote1 and after a s+ort con2ersaton 8t+ t+e stter ca'e t+e follo8n&J

,d "o) +a2e a brot+er 7ac31 -art as3s. (Yes.)

L4or -art.M I a' +ere. Geor&e1 tell +er I see +er and I lon& to as3 +er
brot+er f +e recalls t+e stor' 8e e#$erenced.
(I 3no8 +e does. I52e +eard +' s$ea3 of t.)
Good1 and as3 +' f +e stll +as t+e stc3 l3e 'ne. Ta3e t+e $$e1 old
c+a$1 I do not 8s+ t. -ear "o)W (R.-.J Yes1 t 'a" be t+e one +e &a2e 'e)
and I +a2e t n '" 'nd. % 'e'ento. -e o)&+t to +a2e t. L-art &a2e 'e a
$$e. It s not clear 8+et+er t+e reference s to t+s1 or to one connected 8t+
stter5s brot+er.R. -.M
6e 8ent to a E)eer lttle +otel1 at a lttle +otel to&et+er. C+arle +ad a
+eadac+e fro' +)n&er. 6e 8ere al'ost star2ed 8+en 8e &ot t+ere1 t+e food
8as bad1 t+e food 8as so bad1 $oor. I a' content +ere1 E)te. ,o "o) e2er
see 'e as I reall" a'W (!o. I don5t see "o) at all.) !ot at all. I do. -. -ear
-art sa" +a2e a s'o3e1 an"t+n& for relef. %s3 +' LC+arleM abo)t t+s for
'e. -)n&r". (R.-.J -e5s stll tal3n& abo)t C+arle and t+er e#$erences
to&et+erW) Yes1 -. -e s.
(Tell so'e 'ore.) 6e 8ent )$ to t+e +otel and as3 +' f +e recalls t+e
la)&+ 8e +ad after 8e &ot to o)r roo'. G2e +' '" lo2e.
(6+at dd "o) la)&+ abo)tW) beca)se of t+e drt1 &c.Y2er" a')sn&. -e
+as not been 8ell b)t +e s &on& to be. L,st)rbance n +and.M -old on1 old
'an1 I cannot +ear f "o) &rab 'e n t+s 8a".
,d "o) e2er +a2e a fe2erW
(R.-.J 6+o sa"s t+atW) I1 7.-.
(,o "o) 'ean 'eW) Yes. (Yes. I +ad a fe2er. Pne)'ona1 and t"$+od
fe2er.) !e2er +a2e anot+er. Gon& to be 8ell no8. I sad t. (,o "o) 'ean
'eW) Yes1 C+arles too. G2e +' '" lo2e and do not for&et abo)t t+e stc3.
Y
/ss 6arner 8roteJ
I +ad 3no8n t+at C+arle" and -art too3 a tr$ n a saln& 2essel to t+e
%Nores1 b)t absol)tel" no detals1 e#ce$t t+at t+e boat 8as dr2en on t+e
roc3s and t+e" 8atc+ed +er brea3 )$.
T+s 8as all s+e co)ld recollect n connecton 8t+ t+e state'ents 'ade
b" -art abo)t +er brot+er. I re'e'bered also abo)t t+e s+$8rec3 at t+e
%Nores1 b)t +ad no recollectons of an" sort connectn& -art 8t+ C+arle"
6arner1 or abo)t an" of t+e ot+er ncdents referred to. I t+n31 +o8e2er1
t+at as -art +'self told 'e of t+e s+$8rec3 +ii,LHP- at t+e %Nores1 +e
$robabl" 'entoned 6arner n connecton 8t+ t. -e 'a" $ossbl" also
+a2e s$o3en of so'e of t+e ot+er ncdents. B)t I a' )nable to recall t+e
2a&)est 'e'or" of an" sort abo)t t+e'. C+arle" 6arner 8as t+en n
Calforna1 and n re$l" to nE)res +e 8rote on 4ebr)ar" .nd1 *A@=J
7.-. and '"self once 8ere +o2e to on t+e !ort+ %tlantc for abo)t t+ree
da"s d)rn& a se2ere stor'. %t anot+er t'e 8e 8ere at -orta1 4a"al Island1
and 8atc+ed o)r 2essel dra& as+ore and brea3 )$ on acco)nt of a 2er" bad
stor'1 or +)rrcane. 7.-. +ad a 2er" ser2ceable stc3. %s I re'e'ber t1 a
sto)t lttle blade dro$$ed o)t of t+e ferr)le. I ne2er +ad one l3e t t+at I can
re'e'ber. -e t+o)&+t +&+l" of t and ad2sed 'e to &et one l3e t. I don5t
re'e'ber an"t+n& abo)t a $$e. 6+at +e sa"s abo)t t+e E)eer lttle +otel s
all tr)eG I don5t re'e'ber t+at I +ad a +eadac+e1 b)t 8e 8ere +)n&r". 7.-.
8as e#tre'el" a')sed abo)t so'et+n& at t+at +otel and 8e +ad a +eart"
la)&+. It 8as connected 8t+ drt.
9'0 A . 4ro' ,r. -od&son5s Re$ort n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$.
;;?KB.
I $ass on no8 to consder brefl" t+e res)lts obtaned fro' so'e ot+er
co'')ncators1 and be&n 8t+ t+e case of t+e lad" 8+o' I +a2e called
/ada'e Elsa /annors. Ot+er na'es are s)bstt)ted for t+e real ones. (+e
8as 3no8n to G.P.1 and +er frst a$$earance 8as to +er sster1 /ada'e
4rederca1 on /a" *=t+1 *A@. (7eport, $. <=*). (+e +ad ded t+e $re2o)s
s)''er. T+e ca)se of +er deat+ 8as des&nated b" P+n)t1 8+o also
descrbed correctl"1 $)r$ortn& to re$eat 8+at s+e 8as telln& +'1 so'e
ncdents 8+c+ +ad occ)rred at +er deat+Cbed. T+e stter nE)red abo)t a
8atc+ 8+c+ +ad belon&ed to /ada'e Elsa1 b)t t+e state'ents 'ade at t+s
sttn&1 and to '"self at s)bseE)ent sttn&s1 dd not lead to ts reco2er".
(o'e Italan 8as 8rtten b" reE)est1 t+e lad" ben& as fa'lar 8t+ Italan
as 8t+ En&ls+1 b)t onl" t8o or t+ree co''on 8ords 8ere dec$+erable.
T+e frst na'es of stter and co'')ncator 8ere &2en1 and t+e last na'e
8as bot+ 8rtten and after8ards &2en b" G.P. to P+n)t. (o'e of t+e
8rtn& 8as of a $ersonal c+aracter1 and so'e abo)t t+e 8atc+1 and G.P.
stated correctl"1 inter aia, t+at t+e stter5s 'ot+er 8as $resent (n s$rt9)
8t+ t+e co'')ncator1 and t+at +e +'self dd not 3no8 +er. T+e real
na'es are 2er" )nco''on. T+e Italan for It s 8ell. Patence19 8as
8+s$ered at t+e end of t+e sttn& as t+o)&+ b" drect control of t+e 2oce
b" /ada'e Elsa. Bot+ t+e stter and +er sster 8ere 8ell 3no8n to 'e1 and
also to t+e -o8ards1 and /ada'e Elsa 'ade se2eral $ersonal
co'')ncatons n t+e co)rse of t+e sttn&s recorded n %$$end# I. (see
7eport, $$. <*=K*@1 <.;)1 8+ere f)rt+er atte'$ts1 onl" $artall" s)ccessf)l1
8ere 'ade to 8rte Italan clearl"1 and also to s$ea3 t1 b)t not ')c+ 8as
sad.
(+e co'')ncated b" 8rtn& later to t+ree or fo)r ot+er frends or
relat2es1 al8a"s n a stron&l" $ersonal 8a"1 and 2er" clearl". In +er
state'ents to one 2er" $ersonal frend1 at sttn&s 8+en I 8as $resent1 s+e
s+o8ed on se2eral occasons an nt'ate $r2ate 3no8led&e of +er sster and
+er sster5s fa'l" n connecton 8t+ e2ents t+at 8ere occ)rrn&1 and also of
ot+er relat2es to 8+o' s+e 8as dee$l" attac+ed. (+e also +ad se2eral
8rtten tal3s9 8t+ '"self alone1 referred to ncdents 8t+ 8+c+ 8e 8ere
bot+ fa'lar 8+en +ii,LHG- &)ests at t+e sa'e +o)se n anot+er $art of t+e
co)ntr"1 and a$$recated $ro$erl" ot+er references 8+c+ I 'ade '"self. It
al8a"s see'ed l3e t+e 8o'an I 3ne8.
%s I +a2e 'entoned else8+ere (7eport, $$. .@;1 ;;.)1 t+e ntell&ence
co'')ncatn& b" 8rtn& s not consco)s of t+e act of 8rtn&. T+e c+ef
dffc)lt" a$$arentl" n &ettn& anot+er lan&)a&e 8rtten b" t+e +and s t+at
stran&e 8ords tend to be 8rtten $+onetcall" )nless t+e" are t+o)&+t o)t
slo8l" letter b" letter. T+e 8rtn& s )s)all" ')c+ 'ore le&ble no8 t+an t
8as d)rn& t+e $erod of t+e records fro' 8+c+ I a' E)otn&1 8+en t+ere
8as freE)entl" ')c+ dffc)lt" n dec$+ern& e2en t+e s'$lest En&ls+
8ords. It 8as t+erefore not s)r$rsn& t+at so lttle of t+e Italan9 8rtten b"
/ada'e Elsa 8as dec$+erable.
9'( A . 4ro' ,r. -od&son5s re$ort n &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$.
;A<K?.
T+ere are 2aro)s references n t+e records &2en n %$$end# IV. to t+e
t8n c+ldren of ,r. and /rs. %. B. T+a8. One of t+ese1 /ar&aret1 ded a
"ear before t+er frst sttn& at t+e a&e of s# 'ont+s1 and t+e ot+er1 R)t+e1
ded t+ree 'ont+s before t+er frst sttn& at t+e a&e of ffteen 'ont+s. T+e
co'')ncatons concernn& t+ese c+ldren 8ere &2en al'ost entrel" b"
P+n)t1 8+o +ad1 +o8e2er1 so'e dffc)lt" 8t+ t+e na'es. %t t+e frst
sttn& se2eral atte'$ts 8ere 'ade before t+e na'e /ar&aret 8as &2en
clearl". Tro)ble 8t+ teet+ 8as 'entoned n connecton 8t+ t+e c+ldren1
a$$arentl" as t+e frst '$resson on t+e a$$earance of /ar&aret1 b)t not
act)all" s$ecfed as /ar&aret5s. /ar&aret 8as teet+n& 8+en s+e ded.
P+n)t also sad t+at one of t+e c+ldren 8anted bab"5s beads. /ar&aret
)sed to $la" 8t+ a nec3lace of beads belon&n& to +er older sster l2n&.
%nd referrn& to /ar&aret1 P+n)t sad t+at s+e +ad so'e flo8ers n +er
+and1 t+at s+e l3ed t+e' and too3 t+e' 8t+ +er.9 /rs. T+a8 +ad $laced
t+ree lttle flo8ers n /ar&aret5s +and after +er deat+. P+n)t &ot ')c+
'ore n connecton 8t+ R)t+e1 8+ose frst a$$earance see'ed to be
acco'$aned b" a rec)rrence of assocatons connected 8t+ t+e tro)ble t+at
ca)sed +er deat+1 d"senter" and sore t+roat. P+n)t ndcated t+e localt"
and t+e dstress1 and R)t+e5s dsl3e of t+e $o8der.9 Bs')t+ 8as &2en
t+ro)&+ t+e entre llness of t8o 8ee3s and 8as al8a"s &2en 8t+ tro)ble.
P+n)t s$o3e of R)t+e as +a2n& l&+t &olden +ar1 after8ards addn& c)rl"G
correctb)t called +er a bo". T+e l2n& R)t+e 8as 2er" &enerall"
'sta3en for a bo"1 b)t not1 of co)rse1 b" t+e T+a8s. Yet P+n)t +ad ')c+
dffc)lt" n &ettn& t+e na'e1 and faled to &et nearer t+an Et+e1 and t+e
stters told +' t be&an 8t+ R. P+n)t sad t+at s+e +ad not learned to tal31
b)t later on +e &ot t+e na'e R)t+Ce correctl". -e re'ar3ed t+at s+e onl"
sad $a$a and 'a''a. Ot+er 8ords t+at t+e l2n& R)t+e sad 8ere &2en n
later sttn&s. P+n)t descrbed +er as 8antn& to see t+e stars. 4or t8o or
t+ree 'ont+s before +er deat+ R)t+e 8as fond of $ontn& at t+e stars
t+ro)&+ t+e 8ndo8. %t t+e be&nnn& of t+e sttn& P+n)t sad s+e $)t +er
+and on ,r. T+a85s +ead1 and after8ards descrbed +er as 8antn& to $at +s
face1 actons 8+c+ 8ere c+aracterstc of t+e l2n& R)t+e to8ards ,r.
T+a8. ('larl" s+e 8anted to +ear t+e tc3 tc3 (8atc+) n connecton 8t+
+er )ncle %lec31 and t 8as +e 8+o c+efl" )sed to +old t+e 8atc+ for +er to
+ear t. %nd anot+er c+aracterstc acton 8as re$rod)ced n connecton 8t+
/r. /el2n 6.G +ii,LHH- P+n)t sad s+e 8anted +' to 8a2e t+e +and n a
certan 8a" to /r. 6.1 and t+e l2n& R)t+e 8a2ed +er +and n t+at 8a" to
/r. 6.1 and to +' onl". Reference 8as also 'ade to +er $ct)re1 and /rs.
T+a8 8as $antn& a $ct)re of R)t+e 8+en s+e 8as ta3en ll. In later
sttn&s P+n)t descrbed +er as sa"n& ot+er 8ords1 baby, pretty, )ettie, and
pussie, 8t+ t+e accent )sed b" R)t+e 8+en l2n&. T+ese 8ere t+e onl"
8ords besdes t+e papa and mamma 'entoned before1 )sed b" R)t+e 8+en
l2n&. T+e frst t'e /rs. T+a8 8ore f)r at a sttn&1 t+e +and stro3ed t1
and P+n)t 8+s$ered $)sse9 as R)t+e l2n& )sed to do. B)t R)t+e +ad
8+s$ered $)sse9 at a $re2o)s sttn&. T8o or t+ree t'es t+ere see'ed to
be a drect control of t+e 2oce b" R)t+e 8+o too3 t+e $lace of P+n)t
(7eport, $$. ?B<1 ?=B1 ?=A). T+e frst t'e s+e 8+s$ered pttee and pssee
($rett" and $)sse) and t+e second t'e pttee onl"1 t+e 8ords ben& 'an"
t'es re$eated. T+s second occason 8as connected 8t+ rat+er a str3n&
ncdent. /rs. P$er 8as 2stn& t+e T+a8s n !e8 Yor31 and t+e" too3 +er
)$ t+e r2er -)dson to t+er co)ntr" +o)se and +ad a sttn& on t+e afternoon
of t+e da" of t+er arr2al. I 8as ta3n& notes1 sttn& sl&+tl" to one sde and
$artl" be+nd /rs. P$er1 8+le ,r. and /rs. T+a8 8ere sttn& n front of
+er1 8t+ t+er +eads so'e8+at bo8ed. P+n)t a$$arentl" left9 and +s
$lace 8as ta3en b" R)t+e1 8+o be&an 8+s$ern& pttee pttee. T+e +and rose
and t)rned so'e8+at da&onall" and e#tended t+e forefn&er and $onted
to8ards a $ct)re on t+e far sde of t+e roo'. T+e T+a8s dd not see t+s
acton )ntl I dre8 t+er attenton to t1 8+en t+e" loo3ed )$1 and follo8ed
t+e drecton of t+e $ontn&. T+e +and t+en tre'bled and san3. ,r. T+a8
notedJ ,)rn& t+e last 'ont+ of R)t+e5s lfe t 8as a re&)lar 'ornn&
c)sto' to brn& +er to t+e roo' n 8+c+ t+s sttn& 8as +eldo)r
bedroo'and s+e 8o)ld al8a"s $ont1 as +and dd n sttn&1 8t+ one
fn&er ()n)s)al 8t+ a bab") and sa" H$tCtee1 $tCtee1I D)st as n sttn&. T+s
lttle ncdent +ad not been n et+er stter5s consco)s 'nd snce bab"5s
deat+ s# 'ont+s before. /rs. P$er +ad ne2er been n t+at roo' )ntl t+e
act)al t'e of sttn&. /an" ot+er $ct)res n t+e roo'1 t8o of 8+c+ /rs.
P$er5s +and co)ld +a2e $onted at 'ore easl" t+an t+e $artc)lar one
al8a"s notced b" t+e bab".9
9'3 A . I no8 cte a fe8 nstances of $ro$+eces &2en t+ro)&+ /rs.
P$er.
5a6 T+e follo8n& acco)nt s fro' /ss 6.5s re$ort ('ade fro'
conte'$orar" notes) of sttn&s 8t+ /rs. P$er1 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol.
2. $. ;<.
In t+e s$rn& of *AAA1 an acE)antance1 (.1 8as s)ffern& tort)rn&
dsease. T+ere 8as no +o$e of relef1 and onl" dstant $ros$ect of release. %
cons)ltaton of $+"scans $redcted contn)ed $+"scal s)ffern& and
$robabl" 'ental deca"1 contn)n& $er+a$s t+ro)&+ a seres of "ears. (.5s
da)&+ter1 8orn 8t+ an#et" and care1 8as n dan&er of brea3n& n +ealt+.
-o8 can I &et +er a8a" for a lttle restW9 I as3ed ,r. P+n)t1 /a" .<1
*AAA. (+e 8ll not lea2e +er fat+er19 8as +s re$l"1 b)t +s s)ffern& s not
for lon&. T+e doctors are 8ron& abo)t t+at. T+ere 8ll be a c+an&e soon1 and
+e 8ll $ass o)t of t+e bod" before t+e s)''er s o2er.9 -s deat+ occ)rred
n 7)ne *AAA.
E. G. 6.
5b6 T+e ne#t ncdent s fro' /r. /.!.5s9 acco)nt of /rs. P$er n +ii,
LHI- &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. 2. $. *.>1 8+c+ 8as corroborated b" /rs.
/.!.9
Apri ?th L*AA@M.
Y%bo)t end /arc+ of last "ear I 'ade +er a 2st (+a2n& been n t+e
+abt of don& so1 snce earl" n 4ebr)ar"1 abo)t once a fortn&+t). (+e told
'e t+at a deat+ of a near relat2e of 'ne 8o)ld occ)r n abo)t s# 8ee3s1
fro' 8+c+ I s+o)ld realse so'e $ec)nar" ad2anta&es. I nat)rall" t+o)&+t
of '" fat+er1 8+o 8as ad2anced n "ears1 and 8+ose descr$ton /rs. P$er
+ad &2en 'e 2er" acc)ratel" so'e 8ee3 or t8o $re2o)sl". (+e +ad not
s$o3en of +' as '" fat+er1 b)t 'erel" as a $erson nearl" connected 8t+
'e. I as3ed +er at t+at sttn& 8+et+er t+s $erson 8as t+e one 8+o 8o)ld
de1 b)t s+e declned to state an"t+n& 'ore clearl" to 'e. /" 8fe1 to
8+o' I 8as t+en en&a&ed1 8ent to see /rs. P$er a fe8 da"s after8ards1
and s+e told +er ('" 8fe) t+at '" fat+er 8o)ld de n a fe8 8ee3s.
%bo)t t+e 'ddle of /a" '" fat+er ded 2er" s)ddenl" n London fro'
+eart fal)re1 8+en +e 8as reco2ern& fro' a 2er" sl&+t attac3 of bronc+ts1
and t+e 2er" da" t+at +s doctor +ad $rono)nced +' o)t of dan&er. Pre2o)s
to t+s /rs. P$er (as ,r. P+n)t) +ad told 'e t+at s+e 8o)ld endea2o)r to
nfl)ence '" fat+er abo)t certan 'atters connected 8t+ +s 8ll before +e
ded. T8o da"s after I rece2ed t+e cable anno)ncn& +s deat+ '" 8fe and
I 8ent to see /rs. P$er1 and s+e LP+n)tM s$o3e of +s $resence1 and +s
s)dden arr2al n t+e s$rtC8orld1 and sad t+at +e (,r. P+n)t) +ad
endea2o)red to $ers)ade +' n t+ose 'atters 8+le '" fat+er 8as sc3. ,r.
P+n)t told 'e t+e state of t+e 8ll1 and descrbed t+e $rnc$al e#ec)tor1
and sad t+at +e (t+e e#ec)tor) 8o)ld 'a3e a certan ds$oston n '"
fa2o)r1 s)bDect to t+e consent of t+e t8o ot+er e#ec)tors1 8+en I &ot to
London1 En&land. T+ree 8ee3s after8ards I arr2ed n LondonG fo)nd t+e
$rnc$al e#ec)tor to be t+e 'an ,r. P+n)t +ad descrbed. T+e 8ll 8ent
'aterall" as +e +ad stated. T+e ds$oston 8as 'ade n '" fa2o)r1 and '"
sster1 8+o 8as c+efl" at '" fat+er5s bedsde t+e last t+ree da"s of +s lfe1
told 'e t+at +e +ad re$eatedl" co'$laned of t+e $resence of an old 'an at
t+e foot of +s bed1 8+o anno"ed +' b" dsc)ssn& +s $r2ate affars.Y
L/.!.9M
5c6 (ee &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $$. <<=K<<@.
%t a sttn& 8t+ /rs. P$er on /arc+ =1 *A@.1 t+e deat+ of +er )ncle
,a2d 8as foretold to /ss /acleod. -er conte'$orar" note of t+e
state'ent 8asJ ,a2d 8ll de soon.9
(+e 8rote on /arc+ .=1 *A@;J
/" )ncle ,a2d1 8+ose deat+ /rs. P$er $redcted at t+e sttn& 8+c+
I +ad 8t+ +er on /arc+ =1 *A@.1 ded at C+ca&o on last T)esda"1 t+e .*st
of /arc+. %s far as I 3no81 +s +ealt+ 8as $erfectl" &ood at t+e t'e of t+e
sttn&.9
5d6 4ro' ,r. -od&son5s acco)nt of t+e sttn&s of ,r. %. B. T+a8 8t+
/rs. P$er1 &roceedings (.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. ;?..
(e2eral 'nor $ro$+eces $ro2ed correctG one '$ortant $ro$+ec"
concernn& t+e s)ccess of certan 'ac+nes 8as 8ron& as to t'e1 as 8ell as
ot+er crc)'stances connected 8t+ t+e'G b)t anot+er concernn& t+e deat+
of a brot+er1 8+o 8as ne2er $resent at a sttn&1 8as r&+t. T+s brot+er 8as
a +ii,LHJ- c+ronc n2ald 8t+ ast+'a. %t t+e sttn& of /a" *>t+1 *A@.1
P+n)t sad t+at +s 3dne"s 8ere o)t of order1 and t 8as dsco2ered for t+e
frst t'e t+at +e +ad 3dne" dsease on a caref)l 'edcal e#a'naton 'ade
t8o 8ee3s later. %t t+e sa'e sttn& P+n)t sad t+at +e 8o)ld de 8t+n
s# 'ont+s or a "ear19 and1 n re$l" to t+e E)eston +o81 sad1 -e5s &on& to
slee$1 and 8+en +e 8a3es +e5ll be n t+e s$rt. -eart 8ll sto$.9 On /a"
..nd1 t+e t'e 8as &2en as s# 'ont+s or a lttle less.9 -e ded n slee$1 of
+eart fal)re1 on t+e ;rd of t+e follo8n& (e$te'ber.
9)0 A . I cted n ),) A a case1 co'')ncated b" ,r. Er'acora1 of
Pad)a1 of fore3no8led&e of a letter5s arr2al on t+e $art of a senst2e 8ell
3no8n to +'1 (&norna /ara /anNn1 t+e 3no8led&e $)r$ortn& to co'e
fro' +er control1 El2ra.9 %n artcle b" ,r. Er'acora n &roceedings
(.P.R.1 2ol. #. $. .;?1 records a lon& seres of obser2atons 'ade b" +'
8t+ t+e sa'e senst2e1 and t8o ot+er $reco&nt2e cases of +ersof 8+c+
I E)ote one belo8are &2en n 2ol. #. $$. <BBK<=B. ,r. Er'acora 8as not
able to decde 8+et+er El2ra9 s a se$arate entt"1 or 'erel" a
'odfcaton of t+e 'ed)'5s o8n 'nd. T+ere s1 n fact1 ')c+ t+e sa'e
$er$le#t" as n t+e case of P+n)t and /rs. P$er.
6+ate2er El2ra 'a" be1 s+e $ossesses certan s)$ernor'al $o8ers
8+c+ for )s are $er+a$s t+e 'ore nstr)ct2e n t+at t+er sco$e s
so'e8+at narro8l" l'ted. %'on& t+ese $o8ers El2ra cla's
precognition/ ad'ttedl" on 8+at 'a" be ter'ed a $)n" scale1 and dealn&
8t+ tr2al 'atters1 b)t ne2ert+eless n2ol2n& so'e real 3no8led&e of t+e
co'n& co)rse of e2ents1 and of t+e $art 8+c+ +)'an actons1 a$$arentl"
free1 8ll $la" t+eren. T+e E)eston no8 before )s s 8+et+er El2ra5s
a$$arent fore3no8led&e 'a" not be e#$laned as nference fro' a sl&+tl"
8der 3no8led&e of t+e $resent1 co'bned 8t+ a $o8er of s)&&eston
e#ercsed not onl" )$on /ara /anNn +erself (8+c+ on an" +"$ot+ess s
ob2o)sl" $robable)1 b)t e2en )$on stran&ers.
*
,r. Er'acora1 as 'a" be
seen fro' +s f)ll re$ort1 3e$t t+ese $onts n 'ndG and +s concl)son 8as
t+at El2ra +ad s+o8n so'e fore3no8led&e of e2ents1 $altr" ndeed n
t+e'sel2es1 b)t "et s)c+ as suggestion can +ardl" be $ressed to co2er. ((ee
t+e ncdent of sale of $a8nCtc3ets1 and ot+ers1 n 7ivista di Studi &sichici,
*A@?.) T+e E)eston 8ll t+en be1and t+ese tr2al ncdents 'a" +el$ )s
E)te as 8ell as 'ore '$ortant ones to8ards ts sol)ton18+et+er t+at
s)$ernor'al 3no8led&e of act)all" e#stn& t+o)&+ts and t+n&s 8t+ 8+c+
El2ra ')st at an" rate be credted (see ),) A) 'a" be eno)&+ to s)&&est b"
'ere for8ardCloo3n& nference1tself $er+a$s s)$ernor'all" ac)te1t+e
e2ents foretold n t+e follo8n& and so'e s'lar cases.
+ii,LHK-
,r. Er'acora 8rtesJ
(&norna /ara /anNn1 at '" reE)est1 3e$t an acco)nt of t+e drea's
8+c+ occ)rred n +er ordnar" slee$. (o'e 8ere re'e'bered
s$ontaneo)sl" n t+e 'ornn& and so'e n +er ne#t so'na'b)lc state. In
t+e latter case I s)&&ested to +er t+at s+e s+o)ld re'e'ber and record t+e'
after 8a3n&.
I t+n3 t+e follo8n& case 8as re'e'bered n so'na'b)ls'1 b)t t+s s
of no conseE)ence1 beca)se (&norna /ara1 follo8n& '" ad2ce1 recorded
not onl" t+e date of drea's1 b)t also t+e date and t+e +o)r 8+en s+e 8rote
t+e' do8n. In an" case t+e $resent drea' 8as recorded before ts
f)lfl'ent.
T+s s 8+at I fnd n t+e record of (&norna /ara5s drea'sJ
2arch .=th, *A@<1 ** P./.
!&+t of /arc+ .Bt+.=t+1 *A@<.
I drea't t+at t+e door bell ran& on t+e (. Petro sde of t+e +o)se.
*
I
8ent to o$en and fo)nd a tall 'an abo)t fort" "ears old1 8t+ &re"s+
tro)sers and a dar3er o2ercoat. -e 8as 2er" $olte1 and as3ed f I 8o)ld
s)bscrbe to t+e ss)e of a no2el1 sa"n& t+at after8ards I s+o)ld +a2e a $ar
of earrn&s as a $rNe. I sad no1 beca)se I t+o)&+t t 8as an '$ost)re.9
I dd not read t+e acco)nt of t+s drea' tll after ts realsaton1 b)t a'
$erfectl" certan t+at (&norna /ara told t to 'e drectl"1 and I also
dstnctl" recollect t+at 8+en (&norna /ara related t+e realsaton a fe8
da"s later1 s+e sad I o)&+t to re'e'ber +er $recedn& drea'G and I
re'e'ber also t+at I not onl" recalled t1 b)t t+at I loo3ed at once at t+e
record to see f t +ad been 8rtten do8n accordn& to r)le. I fo)nd t+at t
8as correct1 and t+at t a&reed 8t+ t+e viva voce stor". Besdes1 t+o)&+
(&norna /ara 'a" not al8a"s be dl&ent n recordn& drea's s+e +ardl"
re'e'bers1 s+e s 2er" caref)l to $)t t+e e#act date1 and s t+erefore E)te
certan t+at t+e drea' occ)rred et+er n t+e n&+t of /arc+ .Bt+.=t+1 or
at 'ost (s)$$osn& t+e case to +a2e been co'$lcated b" a $ara'nesa
8+c+ ds$laced t+e drea' n time) on /arc+ .=t+1 at @ P./.G abo)t 8+c+
t'e1 as can be seen fro' '" Do)rnal of t+e so'na'b)lc e#$er'ents1
(&norna /ara 8as n so'na'b)ls' n '" $resence.
On t+e e2enn& of /arc+ ;*st1 i.e. fo)r da"s after t+e drea'1 (&norna
/. told 'e t+at on t+at da" abo)t ; P./. t+e 2st of 8+c+ s+e +ad drea'ed
+ad ta3en $lace. E2er"t+n& concdedG t+e entrance of t+e $erson b" t+e
door to8ards (. Petro1 +s a&e1 +s nsn)atn& 'anners1 t+e colo)r of +s
tro)sers and o2ercoat1 and t+e obDect of +s 2st.
I called +er 'ot+er1 and as3ed +er to descrbe t+e 2st 8t+ all $ossble
detalsG 'ean8+le I too3 t+e follo8n& notesJ T+e $erson ca'e t8ceG t+e
frst t'e abo)t ** %./.1 8+en /ara 8as o)t. (&nora %nnetta (+er 'ot+er)
8as alone n t+e +o)se. T+e 2stor +ad 2er" $leasant 'anners1 and 8as
abo)t t+rt"Cf2e "ears old ((&norna /ara t+o)&+t fort"). -e +ad a bo#
co2ered 8t+ blac3 clot+ 8t+ +'1 s)c+ as s )sed b" co''ercal tra2ellers.
-e sad +e ca'e to s+o8 t+e' a no2elt". In order to &et rd of +'1 (&nora
%nnetta sad t+at (&norna /ara 8as not at +o'eG +e re$led t+at +e 8o)ld
ret)rn1 +ii,LHL- and (&nora %nnetta told +' to co'e at . P./. %t . P./. +e
ret)rned and ran& at t+e door on t+e (. Petro sde. (&nora %nnetta o$ened
to +'1 and sa"s t+at 8+en +e entered t+e roo' /ara see'ed ')c+
astons+ed (/ara sad at once t+at s+e 8as astons+ed at reco&nsn& +').
-e $ro$osed t+at t+e" s+o)ld s)bscrbe to t+e ss)e of a no2elG t+ere 8ere to
be $rNes 8+en t+e ss)e 8as fns+edG t8o $ct)res1 or a s'all or&an1 or a
$ar of earrn&s. In +s bo# 8ere t+e or&an and an alar)'1 as sa'$les1 and +e
+ad 8t+ +'1 b)t not n t+e bo#1 sa'$les of t+e earrn&s1 of t+e fra'es1 and
t8o oleo&ra$+s bet8een $asteboards.
L)&a /ont and Lnda B&on 8ere also $resent. /ara ref)sed t+e
offers. 6+en t+e" and t+e 'an 8ere &one1 /ara re'ar3ed 8t+ s)r$rse
t+at s+e +ad alread" drea't of t+e scene 8t+ all ts detals1 i.e. as far as t+e
'an 8as concerned. (&nora %nnetta added t+at fro' &rl+ood s+e also +ad
freE)entl" drea'ed of co'n& e2ents.
2arch ;*st, *A@<1 @.;> P./. (8rtten n t+e $resence of %nnetta and
/ara). It 8as necessar" to $ro2e t8o t+n&s1 before t+e case co)ld be
s)$$osed to be e2dental. 4rst1 t+at t+e 2st 8as real1 and not an odd
+all)cnaton of t+e senses or 'e'or"1 and secondl"1 t+at t+e 'an +ad not
'ade t+e to)r of Pad)a offern& +s 'erc+andse1 'an" da"s before t+e
drea'G n 8+c+ case (&norna /ara '&+t +a2e beco'e a8are of t n
so'e 8a" or ot+er1 and t+)s +a2e or&nated t+e drea' +erself.
In order to clear )$ t+e frst $ont1 I 8ent on t+e follo8n& da" (%$rl
*st1 abo)t B.;>) to see (&norna Lnda B&on1 and as3ed +er to tell 'e all
abo)t t+e 2st at 8+c+ s+e +ad been $resent. (+e re$led t+at s+e +ad &one
to see /ara t+e da" before1 abo)t ..;>1 8+le t+e 'an 8as t+ere1 and s+e
confr'ed all t+e detals abo)t t+e obDect of +s 2st1 +s re'ar3s1 t+e t+n&s
+e +ad 8t+ +'1 +s $olteness1 +s a&e1 and t+e colo)r of +s clot+es. -e
+ad 'ade t+e sa'e $ro$oston to +er as to /ara. %s s+e +ad arr2ed after
+'1 s+e co)ld not sa" b" 8+c+ door +e +ad enteredG b)t s+e sad +e +ad
left before +er1 and +ad &one o)t b" t+e 3tc+en door1 to8ards t+e r2er. On
ben& E)estoned1 s+e re$led t+at s+e +ad not seen (&norna /ara snce
t+e 2st. Before lea2n& +er1 I reE)ested +er1 f t+e 'an s+o)ld co'e to +er
+o)se1 or f s+e s+o)ld 'eet +' n t+e street1 to as3 +' on 8+at da" +e +ad
co'e to Pad)aG 8+c+ s+e $ro'sed to do.
T+e sa'e e2enn& I 8ent bac3 to (&norna /ara1 and before telln& +er
of '" tal3 8t+ (&norna Lnda1 I E)estoned +er and +er 'ot+er a&an.
(&norna /ara sad s+e dd not re'e'ber b" 8+c+ door t+e 'an +ad
&one o)t1 or rat+er1 s+e +ad $ad no attentonG b)t +er 'ot+er sad s+e 8as
certan t+at +e +ad &one o)t b" t+e 3tc+en door1 beca)se +e +ad seen so'e
one enter t+at 8a"1 and on lea2n& +ad sad t+at as t+ere 8as a door t+ere
also +e 8o)ld &o o)t b" t. T+e 'ot+er dd not 3no81 +o8e2er1 8+et+er +e
or (&norna Lnda B. +ad left frst1 b)t (&norna /ara 8as s)re +e +ad
&one a8a" frst1 beca)se after8ards s+e +ad contn)ed +er con2ersaton
8t+ (&norna Lnda abo)t t+er o8n affars1 and t+s con2ersaton1 be&)n
before +e left1 +ad $re2ented +er notcn& b" 8+c+ door +e E)tted t+e
+o)se.
Bot+ t+en sad t+e" re'e'bered (&norna Lnda B.5s co'n& at abo)t
..;> 8+le t+e 'an 8as t+ere1 and t+at +e +ad co'e before . and sta"ed
nearl" an +o)r.
T+)s all t+e test'on" s n accordance1 and no do)bt re'ans t+at t+e
e2ent 8t+ all ts detals reall" +a$$ened.
+ii,LHM-
On t+e e2enn& of %$rl *At+1 (&norna /ara told 'e t+at +er frend1
(&norna Lnda B.1 +ad so'et+n& to tell 'e1 b)t n order to 3ee$ +er
$ro'se s+e 8o)ld tell t onl" to 'e. (&norna /ara sad t+at Lnda B. 8as
co'n& to see +er on t+e 'orro81 8+en I co)ld 'eet +er.
T+e follo8n& da" (%$rl *@t+) I 8ent to see (&norna /ara at t+e t'e
f#ed1 and fo)nd Lnda B. at t+e +o)se. T+e latter told 'e s+e +ad 'et t+e
'an n t+e streetG t+at +e +ad reco&nsed +er and +ad rene8ed +s offer. (+e
too3 ad2anta&e of t+s to as3 +' 8+en +e +ad arr2ed n Pad)a1 and +e sad
+e +ad co'e on /arc+ .@t+1 and t+at +e +ad not 2sted Pad)a before for
se2eral "ears.
T+s $ro2es t+at t+e drea' occ)rred t8o da"s before t+e arr2al of t+e
$erson '$lcated1 and t+at conseE)entl" t co)ld not +a2e res)lted fro' a
'ere sensoral '$resson of (&norna /ara5s.
Of s)c+ a t"$e as t+s&rad)all" e2ol2ed1 sl&+tl" ne#act1 and
alto&et+er tr2alare all t+e $redctons &2en t+ro)&+ El2ra. I do not
t+n31 +o8e2er1 t+at t+er tr2alt" affords n tself an" clear ndcaton as to
t+er or&n. T+e" are t+e atte'$ts of an ntell&ence 8+c+1 8+et+er
e'boded or )ne'boded1 s not ')c+ abo2e a c+ld5s le2el1 to $ro2e a fact
of t+e +&+est '$ortancena'el"1 t+e $ossblt" of foreseen& f)t)re
e2ents. In co'$arson 8t+ t+e 2al)e of t+e res)lt t+)s a'ed at1 t+e act)al
ncdents b" 8+c+ t 'a" be attaned 'atter lttle. It s of &reater nterest to
+a2e a $edlar5s 2st foretold1 f onl" t+at 2st co)ld not +a2e been foreseen
b" an" ordnar" ntell&ence1 t+an to +a2e1 sa"1 a deat+ foretold1 f 8e
s)s$ect t+at t+at 'ore '$ress2e $ro$+ec" 'a" +a2e +el$ed to 8or3 ts
o8n f)lfl'ent.
INDEX
INDEX
BY Miss E. M. SAMSON
%.1 /ss1 a)to'atc 8rtn& of1 . *B>K*1 <<=K<?=G cr"stalC
2sons of1 . .;=1 ?AAK@?1
. .*>1 .B. note, <<@G ra$s n $resence of1 . *B>1 .>A.
1 /ss (,r. Bra'8ell5s $atent)1 case of1
. ?>BK@1 ?*;.
1 /ss (Prof. -.5s case)1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . <<?.
1 /ss (Re2. 7. Peed5s $atent)1 clar2o"ance of1 . ??AK@.
1 /r.1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . *..1 <*BK*A.
1 7eanne1 case of1 . <B>.
%bdo'nal $ans1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <=>.
%bercro'b"1 Blanc+e19 case of1 . **? note, .;*K<.
%bnor'al and s)$ernor'al contrasted1 . A?.
%bo)la1 . ;<?1 ;<=1 ;?>.
%ccdent1 a$$artons at t'e of1 . .?;1 . <;K<.
%cco)c+e'ent1 See C+ldbrt+.
%c+lle1 case of1 . ;>;K?.
%cross t+e Plans19 E)oted1 . @*G cted1 . *.B.
%da's1 Prof.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . ?;.K;G case sent to1 . <?KA.
%dare1 Lord (Lord ,)nra2en)1 cted1 . ..*1 ?;;K<1 ?=@1 ?A*
note
*

%de1 /ss C.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;.;K?.
/rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;.<K?.
%drenne9 (L)ce ;)1 case of1 . ;.AK;>.
FdQolo&"19 cted1 . ?=B note.
Fsc+"l)s1 8or3s of1 . @A.
%fterC'a&es
G+osts $ossbl" e#$lcable as1 . <.
/e'or"C'a&es dstn&)s+ed fro'1 . ?B=K@.
!at)re of1 . ..?.
Recall of1 b" t)nn&Cfor31 . ?A= note
.
.
Verdcal1 . ;A<.
%&assN1 case of1 . *;<.
%&nostcs' re&ardn& s)r22al1 . *G . .@BK=1 ;>=.
%&ora$+oba1 . <.1 *==1 <BB.
%dU1 -a'lton1 cted1 . ?=@.
%3+)rst1 6. 7.1 $+antas' of1 . ;=*K..
%3sa3off1 -on. %le#ander !.1 cases re$orted b"1 . .?1 *=>K*1
<BBK=;1 <@;K?G E)oted1 . *=AKA.G cted1 . .>?1 ???.
%lbert1 case of1 . *.@K;>1 ;=>.
%lco+ols'1 see ,$so'ana.
%le#ander1 -elen1 case of1 . .BBKBA.
1 Prof. %lfred1 cases re$orted b"1 . ;@;K;@<G . *?BK@1
;<BK=1 ;?;K< and notes. B;*
%l&er1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . .<A note.
%lce1 clar2o"ant da&noss b"1 . <ABK=.
%llbr&+t1 /r.1 $lanc+ette e#$er'ents b"1 . *<B.
%l'a19 case of1 . .@B.
%lteratons de la Personalt"19 E)oted1 . ;;;.
%lternatn& $ersonaltes
C+an&e of fac)lt" n1 . .>*.
Cor$oreal and ncor$oreal state of1 . .=..
/e'or" n1 . .>*.
%'bde#tert" n relaton to s)bl'nal 'entaton1 . A.1 A<K?.
%'ercan 7o)rnal of Ps"c+olo&"19 cted1 . =@ note, ?=B and
note / . @? note, *>B.
%'nesa1 . B*.
%'$Pre1 case of1 . A>.
%nFst+esa
-"$notc1 . <=>K*1 ?;;K@G s"ste'atsed (ne&at2e
+all)cnatons)1 . *@>.
-"sterc1)n$erce2ed b" $atent1 . <<1 .@@G nD)r" not
res)ltant fro'1 . <<1 <=G fancf)l areas of1 . <?KB1
*B<G or&anc dsease )nnotced n1 . <AG nat)re of1 .
B?G n a case of f)&)es19 . .@@.
(elfCs)&&ested1 . ?;;.
()bl'nal control of1 . <BG . ?*B.
%nFst+etc s$ots n 8tc+craft1 occ)rrence of1 . <.
%nFst+etcs
-"$nots' contrasted 8t+1 . *=@.
Pan s)$$ressed b"1 after8ards felt1 . <=.K;.
%na&ra's b" tableCtltn&1 . @;K<.
%nal&esa
-"$notc1 . *=@KA.1 <=>K<.
-"sterc1 . B?.
()bl'nal control of1 . ?*B.
%nato'" of (lee$19 cted1 . ;<A.
%ndre81 /r.1 case of1 . ??BKA.
%n&UlE)e1 (Q)r1 case of1 cted1 . *@@.
Angstneurose , . <B?.
%n&)s1 /ss1 cr"stalC2sons of1 . .;=1 ?@?KA.
%n'als
%$$arton $er+a$s seen b"1 . .*< note.
-"$notc e#$er'ents on1 . *B;1 <<*K;.
P+antas' of1 . B;?.
Pro#'t" of1 sensblt" to1 . <A;K<.
(enseCor&ans of1 . <=@KA>.
tele$at+" bet8een1 $ossblt" of1 . .<B note.
%n's')s )nd ($rts')s19 cted1 . ???.
%nnales des (cences Ps"c+E)es19 cted1 . *;B1 ?;;1 B=*G
E)oted1 . <**K*;.
%nnales /UdcoCPs"c+olo&E)es19 cted1 . ;;@ note, ?*A note.
%nnUe Ps"c+olo&E)e1 L519 cted1 . *>B.
%nt+ro$o'or$+s'1 . .B?.
%$+asa1 . ?;1 B?.
%$$artons1 see -all)cnatons.
%$$artons and T+o)&+tCTransference19 cted1 . ..< note,
B*@ note / E)oted1 . B*@K..1 BAAK@>.
%$$artons de Lo)rdes1 Les19 cted1 . ?B<.
%ra&o1 E)oted1 . A@.
%rcanes de la 2e f)t)re de2olUs19 cted1 . ?=;.
%rc+2es de /Udecne19 cted1 . *.= note
;
/ E)oted1 . ;B@K
=>.
%rc+2es de !e2rolo&e19 cted1 . ;;@ note.
%rc+2es des (cences P+"sE)es et !at)relles19 cted1 . ?B?
note.
%rc+2 fqr Rr'nalC%nt+ro$olo&e )nd Rr'nalst31 cted1 .
?*;.
%rc+2 fqr Ps"c+atre19 cted1 . B<?.
%rt+'etcal $rod&es1 . =@KA?1 **B1 ..=.
%rnold1 7. !.1 cted1 . ;*;.
%rr2al1 +all)cnatons re&ardn&1 . .??K=1 .=.K<.
%rt
E'otonal 'e'or" desrable for1 . *;AK@.
("'bolc co'')ncaton b"1 . *>*.
%rt&alas1 Prof.1 case re$orted b"1 . <@A.
%scets'1 . .@*1 ;>@.
%s+b)rner1 ,r.1 E)oted1 . ??=KA.
%sser1 /. ,51 cted1 . **.
%t3nson1 /ss 4.1 a$$artons seen b"1 . ;?@KB>.
1 ()r&.C/aD. 7o+n1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;;BKA.
%ttenton
Central or&anc $erce$t2t" st')lated b" concentraton
of1 . <A>.
,eafness affected b"1 . <=<.
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *=@1 *@.KB1 <B@K=>1 ?*;.
Lfe 'antaned b" s)bl'nal1 . .*=K*A.
Trann& of1 . *=<1 *A;.
%)bre"1 %.1 case of1 . <=<.
%)dton
Colo)red1 . ..?1 ?BBK=G . .=>.
-all)cnatons n2ol2n& 2s)al fac)lt" stron&er
e2dentall" t+an t+ose n2ol2n& a)dtor"1 . .?< note.
-"$erFst+esa of1 . *>B.
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *A<1 <=<KB.
In8ard1 'otor ele'ent n1 . *>..
!onCaco)stcal1 . ..;1 .=<.
(+ellC+earn&1 . .=?.
(t')laton of1 b" l&+ts1 . ?A= note
.
.
Trans$ortaton of sense of1 . ?>>.
%)&)eN1 Pa)l1 cted1 . <<>.
%)ra1 1 <A?G . ?A@.
%)stralan /edcal GaNette1 T+e19 cted1 . ?*<.
%)t+ort"1 cla's of1 . ;>@.
%)to'atc or ($rt 6rtn&19 cted1 . <B* note
.
.
%)to'atc 8rtn&. See under /otor %)to'ats'.
%)to'ats'e Ps"c+olo&E)e1 L519 cted1 . ;.. and note /
E)oted1 . <@BK=.
%)to'ats's
-&+estCle2el and ot+er centres act2e n1 . =<.
/otor1 see /otor %)to'ats's.
(ensor"1 see (ensor" %)to'ats's.
%"lesb)r"1 Co'. T. 6.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .@*1 BA=KA.
%"re1 Ca$t.1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
%Na'1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 . ;;;.
B1 case of1 . ?>*K..
1 /'e.1 case of1 see LUone.
1 /lle.1 case of1 . ?*>K**G . *B@K=>.
1 /aDor L)c)s1 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 . <@BK@.
1 /ss1 $lanc+ette e#$er'ents b"1 . *<BK=.
1 /ss (,r. Bra'8ell5s $atent)1 case of1 . <@*.
1 /ss (/r. Ra8son5s s)bDect)1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . B*< seq.
1 /ss (/rs. (d&8c35s s)bDect)1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . <@@1
?;AK@1 ?<=1 ?<@K?..
1 /rs.1 a$$artons seen b"1 . ;??KB.
1 /rs.1 $+antas' of1 . B*1 ;;>K*.
1 /rs. (/r. Ra8son5s s)bDect)1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*< seq.
1 %.1 clar2o"ance of1 . ??BKA.
1 (. -.1 a$$arton of1 . .@.KB.
Bab"lonan nscr$ton1 drea' re&ardn&1 . ;=?K@.
Bacc+)s1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;<KB.
Bac3'an1 ,r. %lfred1 cases recorded b"1 . *@= and note, .@B1
<@= and note
*
, ??<K?.
Bacon1 cted1 . .=@.
Bad trc3s19 c)re of1 . *=;1 *=?.
Badare1 /.1 case re$orted b"1 . ?.*K;.
Ba&ot1 /rs.1 do& 2son of1 . B;?.
Ballar&er1 cted1 . *.<1 ?B@.
Ba3er1 Rac+el1 case of1 . .><1 ?*@ and notes.
1 6n&feld1 case of1 cted1 . *A.
Bans+ees1 . <>?KB.
Barcellos1 ,r. %lfredo1 case of1 . *?BK@.
Bard1 %lfred1 a$$arton seen b"1 . *@1 BBK=.
Bar'b"1 Re2. 7.1 case sent b"1 . ;<;.
Barnb"1 (r 7ose$+1 cr"stalC2son cases re$orted b"1 . ?@>K*.
Baron1 /r. le1 case of1 cted1 . *;=.
Barrett1 Prof. 6. 4.1 cted1 . .;=1 <A>1 <A;1 B>>G . ??<1 ?=@G
e#$er'ents b"1 . ?;@G case sent to1 . *?BG fo)nder of
(.P.R.1 . ..<.
Barrn&ton1 -on. Erc1 case re$orted b"1 . ?@<.
Barro8s1 C. /.1 cted1 . <=*.
1 ,r. Ira1 E)oted1 . ;?<KB>.
Bart+1 E. -.1 case re$orted b"1 . ?<B.
Bea)c+a'$1 /ss1 case of1 . B.K;1 ;<*1 ;<<K;?.G . *<>1 *@@.
Bea)ns1 Prof.1 cted1 . <=B1 <@* and note
*
, <@=1 ?>. and note
.
.
Bea)'ont1 /rs.1 a$$arton of1 . .B;1 B<>KB?*.
Bec+er1 Gen. (r %rt+)r1 a$$arton seen b"1 . BA1 ;A*K..
Bede)t)n& narcotsc+er /ttel fqr den -"$nots')s1 ,e19
cted1 . <<*.
Beetles1 +"$notc e#$er'ents on1 . *B;.
Belden1 L. 6.1 cted1 . ?.<.
Bella'"1 Re2. %rt+)r1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;?>K*.
Bened3t1 Prof.1 . <@>G cted1 . ?*<.
Bent2e&n1 V.1 cted1 . ?*<.
Bentle"1 %. 7.1 case recorded b"1 . ?B=.
Berc+told case1 . ?*<.
Beresford1 7. -. de la Poer1 a$$arton of1 . .BAK@.
Ber&son1 /.1 case re$orted b"1 . <==K@.
BUrllon1 ,r. Ed&ar1 +"$notc res)lts obtaned b"1 . <;@1 <?@G
E)oted1 . <?AG cted1 . <?@1 <B>1 <B? note
*
, <=.1 ?*;G .
**<.
BerDon1 ,r.1 cted1 . ;;@ note.
Bernadette1 case of1 . ?B*K<.
Bern+e'1 ,r.1 +"$notc res)lts obtaned b"1 . *?B1 *B*K.1 .>B1
<;A1 <@*G cted1 . *B*K.1 *=>1 .>=1 <;@1 <<;1 <?@1 <B>1 <B.1
<B?1 <BA1 ?*<1 ?*B1 ?<>G E)oted1 . .*A.
Bert+a1 (ster (Bert+a 4oertsc+)1 a$$arton seen b"1 . *A1 ;=BK
=.
Bertrand1 ,r.1 cted1 . *?@1 <AB.
1 Re2. L. 7.1 trance 2son of1 . .*1 ;..K;1 ?.?.
Bblot+eca Voolo&ca19 cted1 . <=@ note.
Bc3fordC('t+1 /rs.1 drea's of1 . ;=>K*.
1 R. %. -.1 $lanc+ette e#$er'ents 8tnessed b"1 . *.*K..
Bdder1 case of1 . A>K*1 A<1 **=.
B&&e1 Col.1 case of1 . .??K=.
B&&s1 ,r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . *@;1 <@;KB.
Blocaton1 . .;>1 .?*1 .B;1 .=B.
Bnet1 Prof.1 cted1 . =@ note, *>BK=1 <==1 ?B@ note
*
G E)oted1 .
;.@K;>.
Bnns1 ,r.1 case re$orted b"1 . ;<A.
Bolo&"1 e#$er'ental1 analo&" fro'1 . ;B.
Brc+all1 7a'es1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B>. seq., B*;.
Brd1 /ss (/rs. Bs+o$)1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <<.
Brt+1 as $+"solo&cal nd2d)aton1 . ?**G as s$rt)al
nd2d)aton1 . ?.;.
Bs+o$1 /rs. (/ss Brd)1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <<.
Bla3e1 Gor+a'1 case of1 cted1 . .B>.
.6lla'1 8or3 of1 crtcsed1 . =;.
Blane"1 7o+n1 a$$arton of1 . B<K?.
Bla2ats3"1 /'e.1 . ;>. letters to1 . .;*G nE)r" re&ardn&1 .
?>*K..
Blsters1 +"$notc $rod)cton of1 . *AA1 *@;K<1 <@*1 <@;K@.
Bl)e Qde'a e#$er'ent1 . *AA1 <@A.
Bl"t+1 BenDa'n -all1 case of1 . A*1 **=.
1 Ed8ard L. 7.1 case of1 . A*K;1 **=.
Boetea)1 /.1 case re$orted b"1 . B*1 ;*AK@.
Bossare1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?B.K<.
Bonatt1 (&nor1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . *?;1 <<.K<.
Boot+1 /orda)nt Gore1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B;K?.
Borderland19 cted1 . ?=A.
Botancal st)dent1 case of1 . .==.
Botto' 4acts concernn& t+e (cence of ($rt)als'1 T+e19
cted1 . ?>;.
Bo)ffU1 cted1 . <?@.
Bo)rdon1 ,r.1 cted1 . <?@1 <B>1 <=.G case re$orted b"1 . ?*A.
Bo)rne1 %nsel1 case of1 . B>1 ;>@K*=.
1 Canon1 a$$arton of1 . .B>1 .B<.
1 /ss Lo)sa1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?*K;.
1 /ss !na /.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?*K;.
Bo)rr)1 Prof.1 cted1 . ;;@ note, ;<*1 <@*1 <@= note
.
.
Bo"le1 /ss1 case re$orted b"1 . ?<B.
1 R. Vcar"1 case of1 . *;AK<>.
Brad1 8or3 of1 . *B> and note
.
, *B?1 <AAK@>G cted1 . <;A1
<BA1 <=*1 ?*? and note, ?<>.
Bran
Conc)rrent strea's of ntell&ence f)nctonn& t+ro)&+1 .
.?>K*.
,e#troCcerebral ca$act"1 . A<K?.
-&+estCle2el centres n1 . =<1 *@;K<1 *@AG . ?**.
Possesson1 f)ncton n cases of1 . .>*1 .?<.
($rt5s acton on1 . ?...
()bstt)ton of f)nctons of1 . *>?.
tele$at+c co'')ncaton not necessarl" trans'tted b"1
. *@?KB.
:nconsco)s cerebraton1 . ?*@ note /
Perce5s e#$lanaton of s)bl'nal self t+eor"
b"1 . *. note
.

6a2es1 t+eor" of1 . .<?KB.
Bran19 cted1 . *.= note
*
, *=* note, <<>1 <B=G E)oted1 .
?>BK@1 ?*;.
Branerd1 ,a2d1 alle&ed co'')ncaton fro'1 . <?=KA.
Bra'8ell1 ,r. 7. /lne1 E)oted1 . ?B1 *BB1 <;=K<>1 <<*K.1
<<<K?1 <B;1 <B=K=>1 <=;KB1 <AAK@1 ?**1 ?*.K*;1 ?*?K*=1
?<>G cted1 . *B> note
.
, *=* note, *=A1 *@B1 *@A1 ;;A note,
<<>1 <B.1 <=*G . ?<*G 8or3 of1 . *B?1 *@<K?1 ?>BK*>.
Bre)er1 ,r.1 cted1 . <>1 ?>1 ?;K?1 .@@.
Bran ,)$$a1 2son of nd)cton of1 . ?@.K;.
Br&&s1 L. Vernon1 co'')ncatons to1 . .<<K?.
Br&+ten1 6lla' E.1 case of1 . ;ABK=.
Brts+ /edcal 7o)rnal19 cted1 . <=.G E)oted1 . <@*.
Broo31 Lad"1 cases recorded b"1 . <?<KB.
Broo3e1 (r 7a'es1 cted1 . <.B.
Broo3s1 C+rsto$+er1 case of1 . <>..
Bro)&+a'1 Lord1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <;.
Bro8n1 %. 7.1 case of1 . ;>@1 ;**K*B.
1 ,.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B??.
Bro8ne1 /ss1 case of1 cted1 . *;=.
1 /rs.1 case sent b"1 . ;?BKA.
1 -)&+ 7)nor1 case re$orted b"1 . *=.1 <A.K?.
Bro8nn&1 Robert1 cted1 . ?=@KA>.
B)tte'er1 R. -.1 e#$er'ents of1 . <;.K<.
Br)ce1 ,r. 6alter1 drea' of1 . *<;K<1 <*;K<*?G . ??.
B)c3le"1 /aDor1 e#$er'ents b"1 . .*>1 ??BKA.
B)dd+s'1 . .AB1 .A@K@*.
B)lletn de l5Instt)t Ps"c+olo&E)e Internatonal19 cted1 .
<=<.
B)lletns de la (ocUtU de Ps"c+olo&e P+"solo&E)e19 E)oted1
. ?.<K?G cted1 . ?.@.
B)nd"1 Col. 7. C.1 cted1 . ;B>1 ;A.K;.
B)r&)et1 %&nes1 case of1 . <A?.
B)rner1 /. %ndrU1 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 . *<;.
B)rns1 +"$notc effect on1 . <=>.
B)rot1 Prof.1 cted1 . ;;@ and note, ;<*1 <@*1 <@= note
.
.
B)rE1 . <@>.
B)#ton1 case of1 . A>1 A;.
C.1 /'e.1 case of1 . ?;*K..
1 /ss1 case of1 . .*>K**.
1 /r.1 case re$orted b"1 . ;.@K;*.
1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B@.K;.
1 /rs. (,r. Bra'8ell5s s)bDect)1 case of1 . <B;.
1 /ot+er1 case attested b"1 . BAB.
1 C+arlotte1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . =>K*.
1 E'l"1 case of1 cted1 . .;>.
Cabral1 :l"sses 7. C.1 +all)cnaton of1 . ;?;K?.
Caed'on1 8or3 of1 cted1 . *;? note.
Ca$; au ait, d$so'ana of1 1 <B*K..
Ca&lostro1 . *;;.
Ca+a&net1 case of s)bDects of1 . .=AG . *@*1 ..>1 ?=;KA.
Calc)latn& bo"s1 . =@KA?1 **B1 ..=.
Calc)latons n2ol2ed n $ostC+"$notc s)&&estons1 . ?>.K*>.
Ca'$bell1 General1 case of1 cted1 . B?.
1 -on. ,r.1 case of1 . ?<;KB.
1 /ss Cat+erne /.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;@BG
e#$er'ents b"1 . B;.K<G . B;.
Ca')set1 ,r.1 cted1 . ;;@ note.
Cancer1 $+obc of1 . <B=.
Ca$)a1 %rt)ro de1 co'')ncatons fro'1 . <A*K..
Carlsle1 Bs+o$ of1 case re$orted b"1 . ?BK=.
Car$enter1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?*@ note, ?A* note
*
.
Carroll1 7a'es1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .=.K;.
CarNett1 Isabella1 . <?@.
Cass ,a2s -o)se1 2sons re&ardn&1 . BBAK=*.
Catale$s"
(econdar" $ersonalt" n connecton 8t+1 . ;;?.
(+oc3 nd)cn&1 . *B;.
Cata$le#e )nd der t+ersc+e -"$nots')s1 ,e19 cted1 . <<..
Ca2all1 V.1 co'')ncatons to1 . <A..
CUlestne1 case of1 . <@.
Cell)lar foc)s1 . ;? and note.
Central or&ans of $erce$ton
Ed)caton of1 . *AAK@..
Potental sensblt" of1 . <A..
Cerebraton1 see under Bran.
Cer2ello1 ,r. !ccolo1 case of $atent of1 . ?>> and note, ?.>.
Ce2ennes1 'art"rs of t+e1 . .>>.
C+abane#1 ,r. Pa)l1 cted1 . A@ and note.
C+a'bers1 ,r. Robert1 cted1 . ?=@.
C+aracter1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@.1 *@AK.>..
C+arcot1 Prof.1 case of $atent of1 . *;>K*1 ;;*G t+ree sta&es
t+eor" of1 . *B*1 *@=1 <;=1 <;@1 <<=KAG 'et+ods of1 . *=.
note, <@>G . ;**G e#$er'ent b"1 . *AA1 <@=KA.
C+art" Or&ansaton (ocet"1 analo&" fro'1 . .>BK=.
C+ar's1 . .**1 ??@KB*G . ;*>.
C+attoc31 ,r. C. G.1 cted1 . <B>.
C+a)'ontet1 7ean1 alle&ed co'')ncaton fro'1 . *<;.
C+e'cal reactons1 sensblt" to1 . <A;.
C+ess1 analo&" fro'1 . @;K<1 @B.
C+ldbrt+1 +"$nots' d)rn&1 . ;.<1 <=.G s)bseE)ent
recollecton1 . *A*.
C+ld+ood1 . **@.
C+ldren
Co'')ncatons fro'1 . .<?K=1 ?@;1 B.*K..
-"$notc s)sce$tblt" of1 . <;@1 <<;K<1 <?A.
P+antas's of1 . ;;?1 ;=;.
Terrors of1 . <*.
C+na1 belefs re&ardn& de'on $ossesson n1 . *@AK.>>1
?>>K*.
C+rstan (cence1 . *B=1 .*.K*;G . ;**K*..
C+rstant"1 . .1 .A>K;1 .AB1 .AA1 .@<K=.
C+rstlc+e /"st319 cted1 . <@;.
Clar" s$as'1 effects of1 . *;;1 <=@.
Crcles1 s"ste' of1 . ?=>.
Clar2o"ance (see aso TelFst+esa)
%.1 /ss1 case of1 . <?*.
%)to'atc 'essa&es d)e to1 . .;?.
Cases of soCcalled1 ot+er8se e#$laned1 . <==KA.
C+ldren1 n1 . ;;?KB.
CorneaCreadn& versus, . *A?.
,#on1 /ss ElNa1 case of1 . ?<;KB.
,o8sers1 of1 . <A*.
,"n&1 of t+e1 . ;*.
4ts1 after1 . ;B..
Gen)s a 3nd of1 . .A..
Grant1 Ca'eron1 case of1 . ;B@.
-"$notc $rod)cton of1 . ???KB.
-"stera1 n1 . ;?;K<1 ;?=K@.
InadeE)ac" of ter'1 . *;B.
7oan of %rc1 case of1 . *>.1 <><.
/edcal
%)to'atc scr$t co'')ncatn&1 . <?>1 <?<1 <?=.
/ode of1 . <A<K=G . .BA.
($rts1 b"1 . *=<KB ($re'ontor")1 B><1 B*>1 B..1
B.<.
Trance1 n1 . ?B<.
Paral"ss fro' cold1 d)rn&1 . ;.;.
(ocrates1 case of1 . @B1 @@.
(o'na'b)ls'1 d)rn&1 . ?.>K<.
tele$at+c1 . *@=1 ?*A1 ?.?.
Tra2elln&
Cases of1 . *@=1 ??;K@G . .*=1 ??*.
,rea's1 l3eness to1 . .=@.
Ecstas" an e#tenson of1 . .*>1 .?@.
-"$notc s)&&eston startn&1 . .=A.
!at)re of1 . .;>K*1 .?>1 .=?1 .=AK@.
(a2a&es1 a'on&1 . .>> note, .A;.
(lee$1 d)rn&1 . *@;.
Clar31 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;=*K..
Clar3e1 ,r.1 $+antas' of1 . .<=.
1 /. 6.1 case sent b"1 . ;<;K<.
Cla)stro$+oba1 . *==.
Clela9 case1 . *..1 *<>1 <*BK*A.
Cler3e1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .BA1 .B@G . BA1 ;ABK=.
Clfford1 E)oted1 . .@=.
Cobbe1 /ss1 cted1 . ;*.
Coe1 /r. and /rs.1 a$$arton of1 . B?BK=.
Colb)rn1 case of1 . A>1 A;1 A<.
Cole'an1 6. E.1 cted1 . B;..
Colerd&e1 -artle"1 &en)s of1 . =?.
1 (. T.1 case of1 . *;?.
Colln&8ood1 7. 4.1 E)oted1 . ?.A note.
Colonal an'als1 analo&" fro'1 . ;A.
Colt1 Ca$t. G. 4. R)ssell1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <<1 ;<AK?>.
1 Le)t. Ol2er1 $+antas' of1 . ;<@K?>.
Co'$actCcases of post,mortem a$$earance1 . .@*G . <.K?1 <@K
?*1 ;?>.
Co'$tes Rend)s de la (ocUtU de Bolo&e19 cted1 . <@= note
.
.
Condllac1 cted1 . A@.
Confessons of a /ed)'19 cted1 . ?>;.
Confne'ents1 see C+ldbrt+.
Con&ental 'oral defcenc"1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@@K.>>.
rradatons of senst2t"1 . ..?.
Conle"1 ElNabet+1 2son seen b"1 . ;=K<>1 .*>.
Consco)sness
Central1 dfferent fro' 'nor consco)snesses1 . ;=KA.
Co'$le#t" and 'e'or" c+aracterstc of1 . ;BK=.
Conc)rrent1 . ?*@.
,o&s1 of1 dsc)ssed1 . ;BK=.
,o)ble1 see (econdar" $ersonalt".
Et+cal and le&al 2e8 of1 . ;=.
-"stera a contracton of1 . *@1 ..1 <<.
/nd1 relaton to1 . ;=.
($ecalsaton of1 . ?>@.
($ectr)' of
!at)re of1 . ?>@.
(lee$ an ntensfer of1 . .*.
(olar s$ectr)'1 analo&o)s to1 . *=K*A1 =B1 =AG .
?>B.
:nfa'lar cerebral co'bnatons attended b"1 . ;@.
:nt" of1 . ?A.
:nrelablt" of1 . *;.
6ll n t+e 'a3n&1 . ?*A.
Contn)t"
()bl'nal 'entaton1 of1 . *;*.
T+eores1 n1 necesst" of1 . .1 .?*1 .A*.
:n2erse1 of t+e1 . .;*1 .<.G +erarc+" of ntell&ences
nferred fro'1 . .B?.
Con2ersons1 . ?B1 *.BK=1 *=?1 .>.1 ;*>.
Con8a"1 e#$er'ents on1 . ?<*.
Coo'es1 ,r. /. 4.1 cted1 . <@?.
Coo$er1 %lfred1 case re$orted b"1 . *<.K;.
1 7ob1 case of1 . ?*@.
Co$e1 C. -.1 case re$orted b"1 . ;.K;.
Co$$n&er1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;;<.
CorneaCreadn&1 . *A?1 <==.
Cos'c $+eno'ena1 contn)t" n1 . .;*1 .<.G +erarc+" of
ntell&ences nferred fro'1 . .B?.
Cos'cal1 as dstnct fro' $lanetar"
E2ol)ton1 . @<KBG . .=@.
-eredt"1 . .B=.
Lfe coe#stent1 . *?*1 *??.
(cence1 . ;>A.
(elf1 . .=;.
Cos'cal fac)ltes1 terrene fac)ltes der2ed fro'1 . <AA1
Cos'ot+eor)s1 ass)'$tons re&ardn&1 . .@A1 ;>*.
Co#1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *A.
1 (erDeant1 . ..<G cted1 . ?.;G . ?A;.
Cranal bones1 se$araton of1 . ?B;1 ?B?.
Crans1 /rs. !. 7.1 2son of1 . ;=<K?.
Cra8ford1 Earl of (Lord Lndsa")1 cted1 . ?;;K<1 ?=@1 ?A*.
Crealoc31 Col.1 case of1 cted1 . B=.
Creed1 ,r. 7. /.1 cted1 . ?*<.
Cre8dson1 Ed8ard1 case re$orted b"1 . ;@=KA.
Cr'es1 +"$notc1 E)eston of1 . *@A1 ?*;K*=.
Crses (ot+er t+an deat+)
-all)cnatons n connecton 8t+1 . .?;1 .=>K*1 .=@1
.A*1 .A=1 .@*G . <;K<.
()bl'nal )$r)s+ n cases of1 . ==.
Croc3er1 ,r. -. Radclffe1 cted1 . ?.@ note.
Croo3es1 (r 6lla'1 $oneer 8or3 of1 . BG . ..<G
obser2atons of1 . ;.G cted1 . .<?G . *<*1 ..*K.1 ?;;1 ?;B1
?<* and note, ??<K?1 ?=@1 ?A*.
Croonan Lect)res on E2ol)ton and ,ssol)ton of t+e
!er2o)s ("ste'1 T+e19 cted1 . ;*= note.
Cr"$to'nesa1 . *.<1 *;B1 *<>1 *B*.
Cr"stal 2sons
%.1 /ss1 case of1 . <<@.
%$$ro$rateness of1 . ?*=K*A.
Br&+tness of l&+t n1 . ?A@.
Content of1 . .<*.
,storton1 reflecton1 &c.1 n1 . ?=B.
E#tended ran&e of ordnar" s&+t n1 . *;<.
Goodrc+C4reer1 /ss1 case of1 . *;<1 ?=BKA1 ?ABKA.
Grant1 Ca'eron1 case of1 . ;BAK@.
-a)ntn& $+eno'ena anala&o)s to1 . =B.
-"$nots'1 n1 . ?=AKA<G $ostC+"$notc1 . .<>.
/a&nf"n& &lass n1 res)lts of1 . ?=B1 ?A@.
/et+od and nat)re of1 . .;>1 .;=K@1 .=B.
Preco&nt2e1 . ?@*.
Retroco&nt2e1 . ?@.KA.
()bl'nal 'e'or" e2nced n1 . *;..
("'bolc c+aracter of1 . .=B.
("nFst+esa n1 . .=@.
TelFst+esa n1 . .=?.
T'eCrelatons n1 . .<B.
:n2ersalt" of1 . ?=<K?.
Verdcalt" of1 . .<>.
Verrall1 /rs.1 case of1 . ?A<KB.
Vs)alsaton n1 . ?AA.
Cr"stals1 analo&" fro'1 . .;? note.
C)llerre1 ,r.1 E)oted1 . <=B.
C)rel1 /. de1 'et+od of1 cted1 . *>BK=.
C)taneo)s sensblt"1 +"$notc effect on1 . <=?.
C)2er1 cted1 . .>B.
C"anoss1 +"$notc $rod)cton of1 . <@A.
,.1 /'e.1 case of1 . *;> and note
.
, ?.@K;>.
1 /r.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ?.K?1 ;;>K*.
1 /r.1 $+antas' of1 . ;A<K?.
1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
1 C.1 co'')ncatons to1 . <?>1 <?<KB.
,ale"1 7)d&e %bra' -.1 case recorded b"1 . ;?..
,a'odar1 letters to1 . .;*.
,an2ers1 /ss1 a$$artons of1 . B@?KB.
,are#1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?;;.
,ar3ness1 2sons n1 . .;@1 .A*.
,ase (,a+se)1 case of1 . A>1 A;1 **=K*@.
,a)'er1 Prof.1 case re$orted b"1 . ?.<.
,a)ntese"1 /r. and /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . ;@@.
,a2en$ort1 Re)ben Br&&s1 cted1 . ?>;.
,a2e"1 ,r.1 case re$orted b"1 . *;<1 ;=.K;.
1 (. 7.1 cted1 . B<BG . ?>..
,a2es1 /rs.1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . ;B?KB.
,a2s1 %ndre8 7ac3son1 case of1 cted1 . **=.
1 6lla' 6.1 case re$orted b"1 . <BKA.
,a8son1 Ellen1 case of1 . ?<B.
,a"Cdrea'n& +abt1 . *>B.
,aNNln&1 +"$notsaton b" 'eans of1 . *B?.
,ead1 t+e1 see ,scarnate s$rts.
,eafness1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *A<1 <=<.
,ear1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;=B.
,eat+
%$$artons at or near t'e of1 . .?.K;1 .BAK@1 .A;KB1
?=.K<1 B<;K?1 BBBK=1 B=?KAG . .=*1 .A;1 ;?AG
statstcs of t'eCrelatons n1 . *< and note / co'$act
cases1 . .@*G . <.K?1 <@K?*1 .;B1 ;?>.
%)to'atc 8rtn& anno)ncn&1 . *B@K*=*1 .;>.
%2erted b" +"$notc c+an&e of $ersonalt"1 . ;;*.
Clar2o"ance at t+e t'e of1 . ;*.
Condtons of1 ta3en on n 'ed)'stc trance1 . ..>.
,rea' of1 . *A.
!at)re of1 . ?*.1 ?.<.
P+antas's after1 see ,scarnate s$rts%$$artons.
Pre2son of1 . <>>K?1 <*>K*;G . *?;1 .<A and note,
.=>1 ;;<KB1 <<*1 B..K<G b" dscarnate s$rts1 . .BK=1
;>K*1 *=<1 *=B1 <A@K@;1 ??@KB>.
Tele3netc $+eno'ena n connecton 8t+1 . ?>;.
Transtonal state of consco)sness ''edatel" after1 .
.>1 ?*1 B*.
Vsons of1 clar2o"antl" $erce2ed n drea' or 8a3n&
state1 . *;=1 *;@1 *<;1 <>*1 <*>K*?1 <.?.
,eat+CBlo8 to ($rt)als'19 cted1 . ?>;.
,e la s)&&eston et de ses a$$lcatons a la $eda&o&e19 cted1
. <?@.
,e la s)&&eston et d) so'na'b)ls'e dans le)rs Ra$$orts
a2ec la 7)rs$r)dence et la /Udecne LU&ale19 cted1 . ?*;.
,e la s)&&eston 'entale19 cted1 . ;;@ note.
,e l5%)to'ats'e de la /U'ore19 E)oted1 . ;>BK=.
,e l5Intell&ence19 cted1 . *.= note
.
.
,ee1 ,r. 7o+n1 s+e8Cstone of1 . .;=1 ?=?.
,elbQ)f1 Prof.1 drea' of1 . *;.G cases of $atents of1 . *A.1
<=>K*1 ?>BG cted1 . <=.1 ?*<.
*;ire du toucher, . <B=KA.
,elr)' tre'ens1 s)&&estblt" de2elo$ed d)rn& reco2er"
fro'1 . *B..
,e'on Possesson and %lled T+e'es19 cted1 . ?>>K*.
,e'onacal $ossesson1 . ;>;K?G
C+nese1 . *@AK.>>1 ?>>K*.
,e'ons1 (ortn&1 of Prof. /a#8ell1 . ?;*K<.
,ent1 /rs.1 case re$orted b"1 . B?..
,entstr"
-"$notc anal&esa1 )nder1 . <=*.
Pan of1 s)$$ressed b" &as and felt later1 . <=;.
,eolnda1 $+antas' of1 . ;?;K<.
,es Etats (econds19 cted1 . <=;.
,es Indes a la $lanPte /ars19 . *;> seq./ cted1 . @? note.
,es$ard1 /ss R. C.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B;.K<.
,es$ne1 ,r.1 cted1 . <<?1 <A?1 ?>>.
1 ,r. Pros$er1 case re$orted b"1 . *@..
,essor1 /a#1 cted1 . B>* note.
,e2an1 ,r.1 cted1 . ;>?.
,e2ls1 belef n $ossesson b"1 . ;>;K?G . *@AK.>>G nonC
e#stence of1 . .>;.
,e#troCcerebral ca$act"1 . A<K?.
,a&ra'Ctransference1 cases of1 . B>.K*.1 B*<K*A1 B..KA1
B;;K<G 'otor and sensor" ele'ents n1 . *<<.
,a'ant1 case of1 . =@ note.
,c3ens1 /ss1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .?AK@.
1 C+arles1 8or3 of1 cted1 . *>B.
,c3nson1 7a'es1 . B=?KA.
,&nt"1 de'and for1 . .?AG $ossblt" of1 n conf)son of
dscarnate s$rts1 . .=B.
,&no8t"1 Rarl1 drea' and 2son of1 . <;;K<.
,$lo$a res)ltn& fro' clar" s$as'1 . <=<.
,$so'ana
Ca$; au ait, of1 . <B*K..
4ra)d contrasted 8t+1 . .>*.
-all)cnatons of1 . ..A1 .;.1 .;?.
-"$notc c)res of1 . *=B1 <B.K;.
dscarnate s$rts
%ct2tes of1 . .=<.
%$$artons of
%n'als $er+a$s nfl)enced b"1 . .*< note.
Cases of1 . .AB1 <.<K;BG . B>K=B1 ;.;K;@1 ;<.K<1
;<AK?B1 ;?@KB*1 ;=?KB1 ;A>K=1 ;A@K@@.
Collect2e1 . B.K;1 B@K=*.
Co'$actCcases1 . .@*G . <.K?1 <@K?*1 ;?>.
Contn)o)s seres1 n1 fro' t+ose of t+e l2n&1 . @.
E2dental tests of1 . *>K*;.
Local and $ersonal1 . B>K=B1 ;A<.
!at)re of1 . *@=.
!e8s of deat+1 concdent 8t+1 . ?BKA.
Re$eated a$$earances1 . *=1 .*K?1 B*.
%ttt)de to8ards1 s)&&ested1 . ;>;K<1 ;>@.
Boo3s accessble to1 . ?@*K..
Co'')ncatons fro'1 . .<B1 .<AG . **@1 *<.K;1 *?;K
A<.
Conf)sed state of1 follo8n& deat+1 . .@1 ?*1 B*.
Cor$se1 3no8led&e of state of1 ndcated b"1 . .=K;*1
?*KB.
,eat+ condtons of1 re$rod)ced n 'ed)'stc trance1 .
..>.
G+ost1 defntons of1 . .K<.
Gro)$ of1 desrn& enl&+ten'ent of 'an3nd1 . .;<K?.
Lterar" '$)lse $ossbl" ds$la"ed b"1 . *<>.
/e'or" of terrene affars ndcated b"1 . ;BK<.1 <?KAG
contn)ed 3no8led&e of terrene affars ndcated b"1
. .B.
($rtC8orld 3no8led&e ndcated b"1 . .=K;B.
()$$lcatons to1 . ;**K*;.
tele$at+" fro'1 . .?KB1 .<B1 .<AG . *<.K;.
T+eolo&" and rel&on1 attt)de to8ards1 . =AK@1 *;;1
.A=1 ;>A.
,seases of t+e (3n9 (Croc3er)1 cted1 . ?;@ note.
,seases of t+e (3n9 (-"de)1 cted1 . ?.A note.
,ssol)ton and E2ol)ton contrasted1 . A?.
,2nn& rod1 . <A>K*.
,#e"1 6. %.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . ?==KA.
,#on1 /ss ElNa1 case of1 . ?<;KB.
1 /ss /art+a1 case of1 . ?<;KB.
,obbe1 %. 6.1 case of clar2o"ant $atents of1 . .=A1 ?<;KB.
,odson1 /ss L.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;.K;.
,o&'ats'1 declne of1 . ;>=K@.
,olbear1 %. E.1 drea' of1 . <;<KB.
,oreN1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?*A.
,o)ble consco)sness1 see (econdar" $ersonalt".
,o8sers1 . <A>K*.
,oNo)s1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?B;K<.
,ra'atc creaton1 +"stercal id;e obsidante analo&o)s to1 .
*>=.
,ra'atc fac)lt"1 +"$notc '$ro2e'ent of1 . ?*>K**.
,rea's (see aso (lee$)
%c)teness of senses n1 . *.?KB.
%$$arton seen n1 . BA.K?.
Control of1 . *.?1 *.B.
Consco)sness ca)sed b"1 . *.BK=.
,eat+1 of1 . *A.
-all)cnaton reac+ed b"1 . ..BK=.
-"$er'nesa1 . *;*K.G . ?.<.
-"$notc s)&&estons re'e'bered n1 . *.@K;>.
Insane ft started b"1 . *.=.
Letters1 contents of1 a$$re+ended n1 . ;@.K<.
Lost obDects1 of1 . ;=>K.1 ;=@KA*.
/anNn1 (&nora /ara1 case of1 . B.?K=.
/e'or" n
Ca$rco)s nat)re of1 . .>*.
Crc)'s$ect2e1 . *;*K..
Ec'nesc $erods1 of1 . *;>K*.
-"$notc 'e'or"1 relaton to1 . *.AK;>.
Pan1 of1 after o$eraton )nder c+lorofor'1 . *A*1
<=.K;.
Pr'ar" $ersonalt"1 of1 n cases of secondar"1 .
;;A.
()$ral'nall" 3no8n b)t for&otten facts1 of1 .
*;..
()$ral'nall" )na$$re+ended facts1 of1 . *;.K;.
/e'or" of1 )nder +"$nots'1 . ;=1 ?*..
/)sc1 of1 . ;B@.
!at)re of1 . ?A1 BBG . ?*.1 ?.<.
ObDect2aton of t"$es n1 . *.B.
Perce5s dentfcaton of drea'Cconsco)sness 8t+
$r'ar" consco)sness1 . *. note
.
.
Preco&nt2e1 . *<.K;1 <>>K*;G . .=*1 ?.<.
Proble's sol2ed n1 . ;=.K?.
ReE)est rece2ed n1 . ;<=.
Rec$rocal1 . <*=1 <*@K.*.
(elfCs)&&eston n1 . *.=KA1 ;B@.
(o'na'b)ls's startn& fro'1 . .>;K<.
(te2enson1 R. L.1 case of1 . @*1 ;>;G . *<<.
(tore1 /rs.1 case of1 see (tore.
()$ernor'al1 . *;?K?>.
()r$rsn& ans8ers n1 . *.*.
TelFst+esa n1 . .=?1 .=@.
Transtonal1 follo8n& deat+1 . .>.
Verdcal1 . ;?BKA1 ;=>.
Vson of1 nonCo$tcal1 . ..;.
Vs)alsaton n1 . ..@.
Vs)alsed for's of1 $ersstn&1 . *.?.
6a3n& ('a&naton 'a&es)1 . ..B.
,rea's of a ($rt (eer19 cted1 . ?B@K=>.
,re8r"1 ,r. 6lla' 4.1 case of $atent of1 . B*1 ;*@K.*.
,resen1 Baron Basl 2on1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <>K..
,rn31 case of nca$act" to1 . ??.
,r)&s
(ealed t)bes1 n1 effect of1 . <AAK@.
(ensblt" to certan 3nds of1 . <A;.
,r)n3enness1 see ,$so'ana.
,) ,U'on de (ocrate19 cted1 . @? note
*
.
,) /a&nUs'e %n'ale19 cted1 . *?@ note.
,) /a&nUts'e en 4rance19 cted1 . <AB.
,) Porel1 cted1 . ?A note.,
,) (o''el et des Etats %nalo&)es19 cted1 . ?*;.
,) (o''el1 des rO2es1 et d) so'nab)ls'e19 cted1 . ?..
note
*
.
,)fa"1 ,r.1 case of $atents of1 . *;;1 *@?1 <=B1 ?*>K*.1 ?;*K.G
cases re$orted b"1 . .><1 ?.*.
,)fo)r1 /.1 E)oted1 . ?*A and note.
,)'ont$aller1 cted1 . <=..
,)nn1 Ed')nd1 a$$arton of1 . .A.K<.
,)nra2en1 Lord1 cted1 . ...1 ?=@.
1 (Lord %dare)1 cted1 . ..*1 ?;;K<1 ?=@1 ?A* note
*
.
,)$otet1 Baron1 . ?<B.
,)rand1 cted1 . <=.1 ?>>.
,)sart1 ,r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . ?;>.
,)ssand1 cted1 . <=<.
,)t"1 conce$tons of1 . ;><1 ;>AK@.
,)2anel1 /.1 case of1 . *=>K*1 <B=K=*.
,"ce1 ,r.1 case of $atents of1 . ;>?KB.
,"ne1 7. B.1 case re$orted b"1 . .A?.
,"na'o&en"
-"$notc1 see under -"$nots'.
In+bton n2ol2n&1 . AB.
!at)re of1 . ?A= note
.
.
()$ernor'al fac)lt" follo8n& on s)&&ested1 . <A=.
,"na'o'eter1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . <@G . @>1 .>?1 ?;>.
,"s$+a&a1 +"stercal1 . ;;*K;.
E.19 control b"1 . .<>1 <==1 B>*.
E.1 /lle. %.1 case of1 . <@=.
1 C. 7.1 case of1 . ;=.K;.
1 /ss C. 7. E.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .B*K..
1 /ss R.1 a$$arton of1 . .B*K..
1 /rs.1 $+antas' of1 . ;;BKA.
1 /rs. (,r. 4a+nestoc35s s)bDect)1 clar2o"ance of1 . ??B.
Eat1 +"stercal nablt" to1 . ;;*K;.
Ecc+"'oss1 +"$notc $rod)cton of1 . <@*.
Ec'nesa
,rea' 'e'or" of $erods of1 . *;>.
!at)re of1 . .>*1 .B=.
Te'$orar" and $er'anent1 . *@..
V2U1 Lo)s1 case of1 . B.K;1 ;;AK<;.
Ecstas"
%lle&ed1 . ..>.
4a'l" crcles1 n1 . .>@1 ?.<.
LUonore1 case of1 . ;.B.
!at)re of1 . *@<K?1 .?@KB.1 ?.<1 ?=..
P$er1 /rs.1 case of1 . .?>.
Possesson so'et'es ndstn&)s+able fro'1 . .*>.
(3lton1 7. 6.1 case of1 . ?=*K..
(ocrates1 case of1 . @@.
Ecto$lasa1 . ?.@1 ?<*1 ?<<K@.
EcNe'a1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <=>1 <=*.
Ednb)r&+ /edcal and ()r&cal 7o)rnal19 cted1 . BB= note
*
.
Ednb)r&+ P+loso$+cal Transactons9 (*AA.)1 E)oted1 . ;>?K
B.
Ed'onds1 7)d&e1 case of1 cted1 . **=.
Ed)caton
%' of1 . *A;.
C+ec3 and st')l)s n1 . *=;K?.
-"$nots' an ad to1 . *A;1 *@B1 <?AK@.
Ed8ards1 /ss1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . ?<.1 B>; seq.
Eeden1 2an1 cted1 . <;@1 <?@1 <B>1 <B.1 <B<1 <B?1 <=*.
E&lnton1 case of1 cted1 . ..<.
1 /r.1 e#$er'ent b"1 . ??;K<.
En&e t+era$e)tsc+e Vers)c+e 't de' -"$nots')s be
Gester3ran3en19 cted1 . <B..
ElectrctU %n'ale19 cted1 . <A?1 ?>>1 ?.;1 ?;@ note
.
.
Electrct"
4lo8ers e'ttn& l&+t of t+e nat)re of1 . ?;@.
Ra$s e#$laned as $rod)ced b"1 . ?;=.
El&ee1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .A@K@> and note.
Ellotson1 ,r.1 case recorded b"1 *;<G 'es'erc +os$tal of1 .
*?=G cted1 . .>=1 ;>@1 ;=.1 <==1 <A@1 ?<;1 . ?*?G E)oted1 .
;>?KB1 ;>A1 ;.*K..
Ells1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
Ellott1 /rs. E. R.1 case of1 . <**.
1 Re2. E. R.1 2erdcal drea' of1 . ;=>.
1 (. B.1 cted1 . ?*B note.
El2ra control1 . <<BK=1 B.<K=.
E'er&enc"1 see Crses.
E'oton1 'ental reacton n1 . ?**.
Ener&"
Conser2aton of1 . ;>*1 ?*>1 ?;>1 ?<..
En2ron'ent of1 . .*?.
G+ost defned as 'anfestaton of $ersstent $ersonal1 .
<.
/ana1 n1 . ?.@.
($rt 'an$)laton of1 . ?<.1 ?<?K@.
()$ral'nal o)t$)t of1 . ?*<.
:lt'ate so)rce of1 $roble' of1 . .*BK*A.
Entence$+alc senst2t"1 . *.<1 ..?.
Ent+)sasts1 . ?BK=.
8nuresis nocturna c)red b" +"$nots'1 . <?@.
En2ron'ent1 'ateral1 et+erc1 s$rt)al1 . @?KB1 .*?K*@.
E$+es)s1 stone at1 analo&" fro'1 . ;>=.
E$le$s"
%)to'ats' l3el" to rese'ble effects of1 . A<.
Cr'nal $ro$enstes of $ostCe$le$tc states1 . ;>AK@.
-all)cnaton n1 . ..A.
-"steroCe$le$s"1 . <..K;.
/)lt$le# $ersonalt" n connecton 8t+1 . ;;@.
PostCe$le$tc states1 . B>K*1 =;1 ;>AK*?.
E$sta#s1 +"$notc $rod)cton of1 . <@*.
Erfol&e des t+era$e)tsc+en -"$nots')s n der Land$ra#s19
cted1 . <B.1 <B?.
Er'acora1 ,r. G. B.1 cted1 . B=*G cases re$orted b"1 . *?@KB>1
<<BK=1 B.<K=.
Esdale1 cted1 . B?KB1 <=>1 <A<1 ?<;G . ?*?G E)oted1 . <;AG
8or3 of1 . *B>1 *==1 .>=.
1 6. E.1 drea' re&ardn&1 . ;A.K?.
Es$e1 /r.1 a$$arton of1 . .=>K*.
Essa" on t+e Intellect)al Po8ers of /an19 E)oted1 . *>.
Estelle (,r. ,es$ne5s $atent)1 case of1 . <<?G control1 . <?.K
;.
Estrade1 7. B.1 cted1 . ?B<.
.Q8tat 2enta des 'ysteriques, E)oted1 . <;1 <@.
Et+er (see aso L&+t)
dscarnate s$rts n relaton to1 . *<.1 .@@.
En2ron'ent of1 . .*?G . .@A.
/atter n relaton to1 . .>@.
tele$at+" $er+a$s trans'tted b"1 . .<?KBG . *<*1 *@?.
Et+cal as$ect of post,mortem e2dence1 . =AK@.
Et)de (centfE)e s)r (o'na'b)ls'e19 cted1 . ?>>.
E)&encs1 . .;?G . ?*B1 ?<;.
E)&Une1 clar2o"ant da&noss b"1 . <AB.
E2ens1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *A.
E2dence
4alsfcaton of1 attrb)table to s)&&eston1 . ?*<.
tele$at+"1 for1 crtcs' of1 . B;BK<B.
E2dental E)alt" of a)to'atc 'essa&es1 . .;?KB.
E2l1 . .A=1 ;>*.
E2ol)ton
B"C$rod)cts of1 soCcalled1 . @<K=.
Cos'cal v. $lanetar"1 . @<KB.
,ssol)t2e and e2ol)t2e contrasted1 . A?.
-)'an and ot+er1 contrasted1 . =B.
/ateral and transcendental en2ron'ent1 n relaton to1
. .B@.
Ordnar" 2e8 of1 . **A.
Pert)rbaton 'as3n&1 . .*1 ?B1 @;G . AB.
Rel&on1 of1 . ;>B.
($rt)al1 . .A*1 .@>.
T+ess of1 dra8n fro' s$rt co'')ncatons1 . .?=.
E#eter1 Lad" (Estelle9)1 alle&ed control b"1 . <?.K;.
E#$erence1 acc)')lated1 a +ndrance to acton1 . *=A.
E#$erences n ($rt)als' 8t+ /r. ,. ,. -o'e19 cted1 .
..*K.1 ?;;.
E#$er'ent
Ele'entar" and ad2anced1 . .;? note.
I'$ortance of1 . *A.1 *A?.
E#$er'ental In2est&aton19 cted1 . B<B.
E#$er'ental (t)d" n +"$nots'1 %n19 E)oted1 . *.= and
note
<
/ cted1 . <B>1 <@? note.
E#terorsaton of sensblt"1 . ?>>K*.
4 (,r. /esnet5s $atent)1 case of1 . ;>BK=.
4.1 ,r.1 case re$orted b"1 . .=AK@1 ??;K<.
1 /ss1 case of1 . ?*?.
4ac)lt"1 s)bstt)tons of1 . <==.
4a+nestoc31 ,r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . .=A1 ???KB.
1 ,r. 6. B.1 cted (see aso (tat)2ols'9) . *B>K*1 <=*K.1
<A?1 ?>>G E)oted1 . <<<K?.
4ar'an1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
4at+1 . .*AK*@G . .A>K*1 .A?1 ;*.K*;.
4at+C+ealers1 . ;**.
4a'lar Lect)res on (centfc ()bDects19 E)oted1 . A =KA.
4anc+er1 /oll"1 case of1 . B<1 .><1 ;?.K<.
4anton1 cted1 . <=..
4arada"1 cted1 . @;.
4areN1 Pa)l1 cted1 . <?@.
4arler1 %rc+deacon1 a$$arton seen b"1 . *=1 B*.
4arE)+arson1 /ss Edt+1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;==KA>.
4a)re1 ,r.1 cted1 . *.=G E)oted1 . ;B@K=>.
4enN1 C+e2aler1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <<K?.
4UrU1 ,r.1 cted1 . *.= note
*
1 <==1 ?A= note
.
G E)oted1 . ;.@K
;>G . @>.
4e)erbac+1 %nsel' Rtter 2on1 cted1 . ;>A and note.
4elden1 Cecla1 case of1 cted1 . .;>.
4ll'ore1 ,r. C. 6.1 cted1 . ;?<.
4n&erCs)c3n& c)red b" +"$nots'1 . <?A.
4nne"1 /rs. 6'. %.1 case of1 1 *A;K?.
4tN&erald1 /rs.1 co'')ncaton to1 <==KA.
4leet8ood1 /rs.1 a$$artons seen b"1 . B@?KB.
4lo)rno"1 Prof.1 case re$orted b"1 . ?B?KB1 . *.<1 ;>?1 ?>;G
cted1 . ?BB note, ?BA1 . @? note, *;> seq.
4l)orescence1 . ?;A.
4ocac+on1 /.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . <@*.
4oertsc+1 Bert+a ((ster Bert+a)1 a$$arton seen b"1 . *A1 ;=BK
=.
4ossac1 cted1 . ?>>.
9oie du doute , . <B=1 <BA.
4ontan1 Prof.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . *@.1 ?>*.
4ood1 sensblt" to certan 3nds of1 . <A;.
4ootfalls19 cted1 . ;<A.
4orel1 Prof. %)&)ste1 cted1 . <;A1 <<?1 <B.1 <@* and notes
;
1
?*<G E)oted1 . <;@G case of 8arders e'$lo"ed b"1 E)oted1 .
*@B1 ?*..
4orster1 Re2. C. T.1 case re$orted b"1 . BBK=.
4ortes1 ,onna %nna I&neN ,as1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;?;K<.
4o)rt+ d'enson1 t+eor" of1 . .==.
4o8ler1 Re2. 7. T.1 case sent b"1 . ;<;.
1 /ss Lotte1 case of1 . ?B>K..
4ra)d
,$so'ana contrasted 8t+1 . .>*.
($rt)alstc1 . .>BK= and note.
Va&)e c+ar&es of1 re&ardn& $s"c+c $+eno'ena1 . .;@.
4ree 8ll1 . .=*K..
4rU'ont1 General1 ease of1 . .@*.
4renc+1 old1 a)to'atc 8rtn& n1 . <.>K*.
4re)d1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 cted1 . ?>K..
4rU2lle1 /rs. de1 a$$arton of1 . *@1 BBK=.
4ro&s1 +"$notc e#$er'ents on1 . *B;.
4r"er1 7o+n T.1 case of1 . B?@.
1 R.1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . B?AK@.
4)c+s1 cted1 . ?*<.
4)ller1 case of1 . A>.
4)ncton
E#ercse of1 t8oCfold c+aracter of1 . ;@.
Restt)ton of1 . <=BK=.
4)t)re
E#stence of1 alread"1 t+eor" of1 . .B.1 .=*.
4at+1 stand$ont for1 . .A>.
G.1 ,r.1 a$$arton of1 . B@.K;.
1 ,r.1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . B@K=*.
1 /ss1 a$$artons seen b"1 . B@>K.G e#$er'ents 8t+1 .
.<<1 B*@K...
1 /r.1 case of1 . <B=KA1 ?*?.
1 4.1 case re$orted b"1 . .=K;*.
1 4UctU1 drea' re&ardn&1 . ;<=.
Galton1 4rancs1 cted1 . A>1 *.<1 ?B?1 ?B=G case recorded b"1 .
*==1 <??KB.
Garfeld1 Presdent1 anno)nce'ent of deat+ of1 . .;>.
Garrett1 Ed')nd1 cted1 . ?>..
Garrson1 T+o'as B.1 case of1 . **.K*<.
Gas1 $an s)$$ressed )nder1 felt after8ards1 . <=;.
Gas$arn1 le Co'te %&. de1 cted1 . ???.
Gatt"1 /ss E.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?;K<.
Ga)ss1 case of1 . A>1 **=1 *=?.
Gelal)s9 control1 . *B*1 <<@.
GUlnea)1 cted1 . <B? note
.
, <BB.
Gen)s
,F'on of (ocrates e#$laned as1 . @?KB.
,efnton of1 . .>1 @B.
E'otonal 'e'or" n1 . *;AK@.
Et+cal real'1 n1 . **@.
Gro8t+1 analo&" 8t+1 . *>?.
-all)cnator" 22dness of1 . ..=1 .;<.
-"$nots' and a)to'ats' n relaton to1 . ..1 *><.
-"stera n relaton to1 . ?B1 BB.
Irre&)lartes of1 . @=.
L'ts of1 . =A.
Lo'broso5s 2e8 of1 . =*1 @*K..
/ddleCle2el centres act2e n1 . =;.
!at)re of1 . .>1 =*K.1 *><K?1 *>=G . A*1 *@;1 .A..
!or'al best re$resented b"1 . =.1 ==1 =A.
Or&n of1 fo)r t+eores for1 . **BK*=.
Possesson t+eor" n t+e l&+t of1 . *@.K;.
Ps"c+olo&cal test of1 . =?.
(co$e of ter'1 . =*K..
(lee$ co'$ared 8t+1 . *;?.
(o'na'b)ls' co'$ared 8t+1 . *.<1 .>;.
($eec+ n relaton to1 . @A.
tele$at+" and telFst+esa1 relaton to1 . *>A1 .A>.
Vs)al 'a&es of1 . ..=.
Geo'etrcal $atterns1 s)bl'nal 2s)alsaton of1 . AA.
Ger'1 $r'al1 'odfablt" of1 . ..<.
Gest)re as 'eans of co'')ncaton1 . @@G . @*.
G+osts1 see dscarnate s$rts and -a)ntn&.
Gbert1 ,r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . .>=1 .<<1 ?.<K@G . ?.*1 ?.<G
$ortrat of1 $rod)cn& catale$s"1 . ;.;.
Gddn&s1 /ss La)ra E.1 E)oted1 . <.;K<.
Glardon1 Re2. %.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . .<<1 B..KA.
Gle"1 ,r. E.1 case re$orted b"1 . ?;>.
Godfre"1 Re2. Clarence1 a$$arton of1 . .@B1 BAAK@>.
Godorc+Ne1 cted1 . <BB.
Goet+e1 cted1 . *>..
Gold1 senst2eness to1 . <A..
Goodall1 Ed8ard %.1 case of1 . .*;K*<1 .*=.
Goodrc+C4reer1 /ss %.1 cr"stalC2sons of1 . *;.1 .;=1 ?=BKAG
cted1 . .;= note, ?=<1 B.@.
Good8n1 Prof.1 cted1 . BB= note
*
.
GTrres1 cted1 . <@;.
Gottsc+al31 4erdnand1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .A*1 BB;K?.
Go)r'ont1 RU'" de1 E)oted1 . A@.
Grande -"stUre c+eN l5-o''e1 La19 cted1 . ;;@.
Grant1 Ca'eron1 case of1 . B>1 **? note, ;B=K@.
Grasset1 cted1 . <@>.
Gra2taton
Control o2er1 . ?;=.
tele$at+" analo&o)s to la8 of1 . ;A.
Gra"1 /rs.1 case of1 . <*<K*?.
1 Vac+ar"1 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 . ..@K;>.
Gree31 a)to'atc 8rtn& n1 . <*@1 ??BKA.
Gre&or"1 Prof.1 cted1 . ?<;.
Green1 /rs.1 drea' of1 . <;*K;G . ??.
1 ,r. C. T+eodore1 E)oted1 . <=.K;.
1 -.T.1 $lanc+ette 8rtn& of1 . <;.K<.
Gre2es1 ,r. -"la1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*;.
Gresn&er1 cted1 . *.<.
Gr'bold1 %lce1 case of1 cted1 . *B=.
Groc"n1 co'')ncatons fro'1 . ..B.
Gross'ann1 cted1 . <;A.
Gr)ber1 Professor1 cted1 . ?BBK=.
Gr)ndNq&e der $+"solo&sc+en Ps"c+olo&e19 cted1 . BB=
note
*
.
G)eb+ard1 Prof. %dren1 case of1 . *>B1 <**.
G)rne"1 Ed')nd
%$$recaton of1 . .@;K<.
Case n2est&ated b"1 . ;A?.
Cted (see aso P+antas's of t+e L2n&9)1 . <1 A1
.<1 *.<1 *.?1 *;A1 *<<1 *B<1 *=*1 .>?1 .>=1 ..A1 .<A1
.?.K.?;1 .BB1 .=?1 .A*1 <*B1 <B@1 ?>?1 ?;? and note,
?;B1 ?=>1 B;B seq., B<?1 BA?G . <1 *< note, *?1 <.K<
note, ?B1 A<1 *=>1 <.;1 ?>*1 ?A<.
E#$er'ents b"1 . .<>1 <@=1 ?<*K.1 B>>.
/oses case1 2e8 of1 . ..;.
X)oted (see aso P+antas's of t+e L2n&9)1 . <.>
note, <.?1 <.A1 <<AK?.1 <@<1 ?>.K?1 ?.@1 ?;;K?1 B>*1
BB*K.1 BB= note / . *>K*;1 *<>1 *<*1 *<=1 *<@1 .A?1
.@?.
6or3 of1 . *@<1 .<;G . **=.
G)r8ood1 Col. 7o+n1 co'')ncatons fro'1 . *B;K=.
G)t+re1 /.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . ?<.K;1 B>*K*<.
-.1 /ss1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . B@K=*.
1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?@KB>.
1 /rs.1 case of "o)n& sons of1 . ;;?KB.
1 /rs.1 $+antas' at t'e of deat+ of1 . ;<?KB.
1 6.B.1 case re$orted b"1 . BA.K?.
-ac31 6lla'1 drea' re&ardn& deat+ of1 . *;@K<>.
-addoc31 ,r. 7ose$+ 6.1 cted1 . ??B.
-adselle1 /rs.1 case of1 . *><1 <>?K@.
-F'orr+a&"1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <@>1 <@A.
-a&&ard1 /r.1 drea' of1 . <>AK*>.
-ale1 Bs+o$1 case re$orted b"1 . ;A=K@>.
-aln1 Prof. G.1 cases re$orted b"1 . B=*.
-all1 /rs.1 a$$arton of1 . .B..
1 /ss %nne1 drea' 2sons of1 . ??1 B*1 ;?BKA.
1 Prof. (tanle"1 cted1 . <* and note.
-all)cnatons (see aso P+antas's)
%ccdent1 at t'e of1 . BABK=.
%rr2al1 cases of1 . .??K=1 .=.K<.
%)dtor"1 cases of1 . <.AG . *BK*A1 .<1 ?AKB*1 B@K=*1
;B.1 ;B?K=1 ;=BK=1 ;AA (')sc).
B"stander t+e $erc$ent1 . .BBK@.
Collect2e1 . B.K;1 B@K=*1 .<B1 .?=1 .B>K?1 .=;1 .@.K;1
BA>K.G . *@=1 ;AA.
Co'$act cases1 . .*@1 BABK=G . <.K?1 <@K?*1 ;?>.
Crses ot+er t+an deat+1 connecton 8t+1 . .?;1 .=>K*1
.=@1 .A*1 .A=1 .@*.
Cr"stalC2son1 n1 . .;@.
dscarnate s$rts1 of1 . *? seq. (see aso dscarnate
s$rts%$$artons of).
,eat+1 at or near t'e of (see ,eat+%$$artons).
,eat+1 of1 . ?=.K<.
,rea's reac+n&1 . ..BK=.
E#c)rs2e t+eor" of1 . .;..
Gen)s1 22dness of1 s'lar to1 . ..=1 .;<.
-earn&1 of1 see above, %)dtor".
-"$erFst+esa1 defned as1 . ..=.
-"$notc $rod)cton of1 . *A@K@*1 .;;K.;?G $ersstence
of +"$notc1 . .?..
I'a&natonC'a&es reac+n&1 . ..=.
L&+t1 of1 . ;=<1 ;A*.
L2n&1 of t+e
Cases of1 . ;.;1 ;<?KB.
Contn)o)s seres1 n1 to t+ose of t+e de$arted1 . @.
Local1 cases of1 . ;==KA.
/e'or"1 of1 . B<<KB.
/orbd1 . ..A1 .;.1 .;<K?.
O$tcal la8s a$$arentl" follo8ed b"1 . ?=A.
Pre'ontor"1 . BBAK=*.
Rec$rocal1 . B=AKA>1 BA=KA1 B@=KA.
Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of
Cted1 . ?=A1 BB=KA1 B=.G . *?.
X)oted1 . B<;K<1 B?;K<1 B?@KB>1 B@>K.1 B@?K=G .
.*K?1 ;.K;1 <@K?>1 ;<<KB1 ;?*K?1 ;B@K=>.
()''ar" of1 . ?=>K<.
('ell1 affectn& sense of1 . ?*K..
(oldt" of1 de&rees n1 . BB= note
*
.
()bDect2e1 . .<.
Tactle1 . ;?;K<.
T'e1 of1 . ?<.
Verdcal
,stncton of1 fro' falsdcal1 dffc)lt" of1 . .?..
E2dence for1 . .<=K@.
L't of1 . .;?.
!at)re of1 . ..@K;.1 .<>.
Vs)al1 . <.*K;1 <.BK@.
6a3n&1 on1 . ;=;K?.
-all)cnatons TUlU$at+E)es1 Les19 cted1 . .<< note.
-a'lton1 ,)c+ess of1 2son and drea's of1 . *<.K;.
1 (r Ed8ard1 case of1 . *<>K..
1 (r 6.1 cted1 . ?*@ note.
-ands1 a$$earances of1 at sUances1 . ?<*1 ?<AK@.
-ands1 6.1 case of $atent of1 . ?<B.
-and8rtn& of tele$at+c 'essa&es1 see /otor a)to'ats'
8rtn&.
-anna1 Re2. T+o'as C.1 case of1 . B*.
-arden1 7)d&e 6. ,.1 case sent b"1 . <@BK@.
-ard8c3e1 Lord C+ancellor1 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 .
<?*1 <?B.
-are1 ,r. Robert1 cted1 . ???.
-arrson1 6. -.1 case re$orted b"1 . B?<KBG cted1 . ?A;.
-arrss1 /ss1 case of1 cted1 . *A.
-art1 /r.1 co'')ncatons to1 . .<.K;.
1 Ernest1 cted1 . <<*.
1 7o+n1 co'')ncatons fro'1 . B*BKB*=.
-a)ffe1 4ra) 4rederca (seeress of Pre2ost)1 . ?=>K*
-a)n1 /an$+ee1 a$$arton of1 . BBAK=>.
-a)ntn&
Cases of1 . B=1 ;?@1 ;A@K@@.
Cases rese'bln&1 . ?B.
Collect2t" n cases of1 . B..
Ps"c+orr+a&c dat+ess e2denced b"1 . .B<.
T+eores as to1 . <1 =. and note, =BG
Estelle5s9 e#$lanaton of1 . <?;.
:n2ersalt" of1 . .A;.
Verdcal afterC'a&es1 . <.
-a)ser1 Cas$ar1 case of1 . ?.<.
-a8aan co'')ncatons1 . .<<K?.
-a83ns1 /rs.1 a$$artons of1 . .?=KB>.
-a83nsC,e'$ster1 /ss C. L.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;<1 ;<?K
B.
-a"1 R&+t -on. (r 7o+n ,r)''ond1 drea' of1 . ;@B.
-a"art+1 ,r.1 . <A@.
-a"don1 &en)s of1 . =?.
-ead1 se$araton of bones n1 . ?B;1 ?B?.
-eadac+e1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <=>.
-ealn& of t+e !atons1 T+e9 cted1 . **=.
-earn&1 see %)dton.
-eat
E'sson of1 . ?*<.
(ense of1 dstn&)s+ed fro' $an sense1 . B?KBG
+"$notc effect on1 . <=?.
T+eor" of -eat19 cted1 . ?;> note.
-ector1 /r.1 case of1 cted1 . ?..
-UlUna1 clar2o"ant da&noss b"1 . <AB.
-e'$stead1 %. E.1 case sent b"1 . <A?KB.
-endrc3son1 /r.1 2son of1 . <.*K;.
-erd'an1 Prof.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*;G E)oted1 . ?;@K<>.
-eredt"
Cos'c and $lanetar"1 . .B=.
Perc$ence1 a$tt)de for s$ecal for's of1 $er+a$s
trans'tted b"1 . <==.
Terror1 tendences to1 trans'tted b"1 . <*.
-Urco)rt1 ,r. 7.1 e#$er'ents of1 . ?.@K;>.
-erna'an1 /r.1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
-errero1 cted1 . <<>.
-ersc+el1 (r 7o+n1 E)oted1 . A=KA.
-eterFst+esa
-"$notc ndcaton of1 . .;;.
Indefnte nat)re of1 . *A=G . ?*=.
Or&anc s)bstances1 e2o3ed b"1 . <A;.
-e8etson1 -. Bendelac+1 . <=*G cted1 . <=?.
-c3s1 ,r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*;.
1 Edde1 $+anto' of1 . ;<>K..
-erarc+" of ntell&ences1 nference re&ardn&1 . .B?.
-&+estCle2el ner2e centres
%ct2tes of1 . =.K<.
-"$nots'1 n1 . *@;K<G $o8ers of1 n control of lo8er
centres f needf)l1 . *@A.
!o)rs+'ent of1 1 ?**.
-&ton1 /r. 6.1 case of1 . ABK=.
-ll1 ,r.1 E)oted1 . *=A.
1 Re2. R. /.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . *BK*=.
-l$rec+t1 Prof. -er'an V.1 case of1 . *;<1 ;=?K@.
-nsdale1 ,r.1 cted1 . ;*B.
-stor" of Ratonals'19 cted1 . <.
-obda"1 %lfred1 a$$arton of1 . B=.K<.
-od&son1 4rederc31 case recorded b"1 . <=;K=1 ?>;.
1 ,r. Rc+ard
Cases )nder t+e notce ofattested b"1 . .=1 ;>G
n2est&ated b"1 . <@?G . ;=1 ?@1 *>=1 *=.1 *@>1 ;..1
?B>G re$orted b"1 . ;B@1 B@.K;G sent to1 . <.*K;1 <;<K
BG . *>=K*<1 *A;K?1 <>?K@1 <<?1 <A?KB1 <@*K;1 <@B.
Cted1 . .;A1 <=A1 B<?KBG . .?*1 ?>*K.1 B><1 B>A.
-and8rtn&s s)b'tted to1 . .;*K..
/otor n+bton of1 . *>?KB.
/)sc drea' of1 . *.B1 ;B@.
X)oted1 . ;>@K*=1 ;B>1 ;BBKAG . .;A1 .<.K<1 .?;1 B>AK
...
-olbroo31 ,r. /. L.1 cases re$orted b"1 . ;=>1 B@=KA.
-olness1 . .@>K*.
-ol'es1 ,r. O. 6.1 cases re$orted b"1 . .=<1 BB>K*.
-ol" Tr)t+1 T+e19 E)oted1 . *=*1 <A.K?.
-o'e1 ,. ,.
Boo3s re&ardn&1 . ?=AK@.
Case of1 . ;.1 .>?1 ?B;G . ..*K;1 ?.=1 ?.@1 ?;;K<1 ?;BK
=1 ?<BK?>1 ???G crtcs's on1 . ?=@KA..
-o'er1 cted1 . *.<G . ?.?.
-ood1 -. 7.1 E)oted1 . ?A<.
-orseCast+'a1 . <A;.
-orne1 /rs.1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . ;AA.
-o8ard1 /r.1 co'')ncatons to1 . .<.K;1 .??1 B**1 B*;K.>.
1 /rs.1 co'')ncatons to1 . .<.K<1 B**1 B*;K.>.
1 Lad" /abel1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . *=A1 .B. note,
<;?K<>.
-o8e1 6. 6.1 drea' of1 . ;A?KB.
-o8ells1 /ar"1 case of1 . *?>K;.
1 T+o'as (Tra2ers)1 case of1 . *<@K?;.
-)&ensc+'dt1 ,r.1 cted1 . <B<.
-)&+es1 /r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B>; seq.
-)&o1 Vctor1 case of1 cted1 . *;?.
-)'boldt1 E)oted1 . ?<>.
-)nter1 6lla'1 drea' re&ardn& deat+ of1 . *<<KBG . <..
-)sbands1 7o+n E.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . BA1 ;A<KB.
-"de1 cted1 . ?.A note.
-"droNoon1 analo&" fro'1 . ;A.
-"$erF'a1 +"$notc $rod)cton of1 . <@*.
-"$erFst+esa
%)dtor"1 . *>B.
Cases of1 . ?.<G . .;>.
-all)cnaton defned as1 . ..=.
-"$notc $rod)cton of1 . *A<K=.
-"sterc1 . BB.
Per$+eral and central1 . .B@K=>.
(lee$1 n1 . *.<K?1 ;B@.
('ell1 of1 . <*<.
TelFst+esa an e#tenson of1 . *@*K.1 .=?G . .B<1 ?*=.
tele$at+" an e#tenson of1 . ?*=.
Varo)s )ses of ter'1 . <=A.
-"$erbo)la (see aso Tele3ness)1 . **B1 .BB1 ?*;1 ?.>1 ?...
-"$er+"dross1 . <@*.
-"$erdross1 . ?<*.
-"$er'etro$a1 . <=?KB.
-"$er'nesa
,rea's n1 . .B;1 ?*B1 ?.<.
-"$notc1 1 .BB.
Intellect)al ele'ent n1 . ?*=.
(co$e of1 . .B;1 ?*BK*=.
('t+1 -UlPne1 case of1 . .;>.
-"$na&o&c $ct)res1 . *.<K?.
-"$nose )nd +re c2lrec+tlc+e Bede)t)n&1 ,e19 cted1 .
?*<.
-"$noss
%nalo&" fro' trance of1 for post,mortem
co'')ncatons1 . =.
%)to'atc 8rtn& n1 . ;.AK;*.
,e$t+ of1 tested b" 'e'or"1 . *=*1 <?>K?.
,seases $rescrbed for d)rn&1 . ?.>.
Elect2e $o8er ds$la"ed n1 . =.
Gen)sco'$ared to trance of1 . ..G relaton to1 and
a)to'ats'1 . *><.
-&+estCle2el centres n1 . *@;K<G lo8er centres )nder
control of1 f needf)l1 . *@A.
/e'or" contn)o)s fro' trance to trance n1 . ;B.
/ddleCle2el centres act2e n1 . =;1 *@>1 *@<G )nder
control of +&+er centers f needf)l1 . *@A.
/onoCdes'1 defned as1 . <B@K=>.
Pol"Cdes'1 defned as1 . <=>.
Possesson and trance n t+e l&+t of1 . *@;.
Preco&nton n1 . .*>.
Prolon&aton of1 . <B<K?.
Restf)lness of1 . ?*;.
()r&cal o$eratons )nder1 . *B>.
-"$nots'
%&ora$+oba c)red b"1 . <BB.
%'nesa c)red b"1 . B*.
%nFst+esa of1 . <=>K*.
%nFst+etcs contrasted 8t+1 . *=@.
%nal&esa nd)ced b"1 . *=@KA.1 <=>K<.
%n'als affected b"1 . *B;1 <<*K;.
%ttenton1 effect on1 . *@.KB1 ?*;.
Blstern& $rod)ced b"1 . <@;K@.
B)rns1 effect on1 . <=>.
Ca$rco)s nat)re of res)lts n1 . *B@.
C+ldren s)sce$tble to1 . <;@1 <<;K<1 <?A.
Co'')nt" of sensaton bet8een +"$notser and s)bDect1
. .>@.
Confesson )nder1 . ??.
Connecton of1 8t+ ot+er nfl)ences1 . .>*.
Consco)sness e2denced b" s)bDects )nder1 . *; note.
Cr'es co''tted )nder1 no e2dence for1 . <?1 *@AG
E)eston of1 ?*;K*=G ll)sons of 'e'or" n
connecton 8t+1 . B<B.
Cr"stalC2son n1 . .;A1 ?=AKA<.
C)res effected b"1 . B*1 *=<KA.1 *A<1 *@@K.>*1 .;.1
;;>K;1 <;@K<>1 <?AKB>1 <B.KA1 <=B1 <@>KA1 ?*AG .
;**K*.G classes of deran&e'ents 8+ere $ossble1 .
<?A.
,aNNln&1 b"1 . *B?.
,eat+ a2erted b" c+an&e of $ersonalt" )nder1 . ;;*.
,efnton of1 as s)&&eston and selfCs)&&eston1 . *?;.
,elr)' tre'ens1 s)&&estblt" de2elo$ed d)rn&
reco2er" fro'1 . *B..
,$so'ana1 effect on1 . .;.1 <B.K;.
,sco2erers and leaders n t+e $ractce of1 . *?@KB..
,stance1 fro' a1 . ?.<K;;.
,ra'atc fac)lt" '$ro2ed b"1 . ?*>K**.
,rea's re'e'bered )nder1 . ;=1 ?*..
,rea's re$rod)cn& s)&&estons of1 . *.@K;>.
,r)&s n relaton to1 . *B.1 <<>K*.
,"na'o&en" b"1 . *=;K?1 *=@G res)lts of1 on $erce$ton1
. *A<K=G on 'a&naton1 . *AAK@.G on attenton and
c+aracter1 . *@.K.>..
Ed)caton1 effect on1 . *@B1 <?AK@1 ?*;.
Effl)ence t+eor" of (see aso beo#, Passes)1 . .>?KAG .
;*..
E'$rcal 'et+od of1 . ...
E#$er'ental nat)re of1 realsed b" s)bDects1 . *@B.
4)t)re of1 . .**.
Grant1 Ca'eron1 case of1 . ;BAK@.
-F'orr+a&e c)red b"1 . <@A.
-F'orr+a&" c)red b"1 . <@>.
-all)cnatons $rod)ced b"1 . *A@K@*1 .;;K?G
$ersstence of1 . .?..
-eterFst+esa $rod)ced b"1 . *A?K=1 .;;1 <A.K<.
-"$erFst+esa $rod)ced b"1 . *A<K?.
-"$er+"dross c)red b"1 . <@*.
-"$er'nesa )nder1 . .BB.
-"stera1 effect on1 . ??1 ;;>K;1 <<AG b" $ress)re on
+"$no&eno)s Nones of +"stercs1 . *B;K<1 <;=G
alle&ed b" (al$OtrPre sc+ool to be nd)ced b"1 . <;=K
AG +"stercs 'ore dffc)lt to nfl)ence b"1 t+an
+ealt+" s)bDects1 . <;A.
(d;es $i0es c)red b"1 . <*K.1 *=BK@1 .>>1 .@AK@.
I'a&naton1 effect on1 . *AAK@..
I'$ro$er s)&&estons )nder1 ressted1 . ?*<K*?.
Incarnaton co'$ared to state of1 . .=..
In+bton b"
%nal&esa res)ltn& fro'1 . *=@.
C+oce n e#ercse of fac)lt" 'ade $ossble b"1 .
*A..
,"na'o&en" n2ol2ed n1 . AB.
Ed)cat2e and refor'ator" force of1 . *=;KB1 *=A1
*@=1 ?*=K*A.
7ealo)s"1 nfl)ence on1 . *=A1 .>>1 ?=A.
Rle$to'ana $rod)ced b"1 . ?*<.
Localsed st')l)s1 b"1 . *B;K<.
L)natcs1 effect on1 . *B?1 <<>K*1 ?*=K*A.
/e'or" n
I'$ro2e'ent of1 . *@B1 ?**K*.G . .BB.
P)r&aton of1 . *=A.
(econdar" restored1 . B*1 *@B1 ;>@1 ;*;K*?1 ;*=K
*@.
(o'na'b)lstc a $art of1 . .>;.
Test b"1 for de$t+ of +"$noss1 . *=*1 <?>K?.
/crobes1 relaton to1 . *A>.
/onotono)s st')laton b"1 . *B<K?.
/oral refor' b"1 . *=;KB1 *=A1 *@=1 ?*=K*A.
/oral trann&1 so'e loss of1 n c)res effected b"1 . *=?.
/or$+no'ana c)red b"1 . <B<.
/)sc )sed n1 . @>.
!anc"1 sc+ool of1 . *B*1 *BB1 .>B1 .*@1 <;=1 <;@.
!at)re of1 . BBK=G . A..
!er2o)s c+an&e reE)ste for1 . *?@1 *B?.
!e)roC')sc)lar $+eno'ena $rod)ced b"1 . *A=1 *@=.
!cotns' c)red b"1 . <B;K<.
ObDect2aton of t"$es aded b"1 . *@?.
Or&anc effects of1 . <=BK=.
Passes1 b"1 . *?@1 *B>1 *B?1 *=*1 .>B1 .>AG . ;*..
Perce$t2e fac)ltes1 effect on1 . *A<K=.
P+obes c)red b"1 . <B?KA.
PostCe$le$tc states treated b"1 . B*1 ;>@.
PostC+"$notc state
%)to'atc 8rtn& n1 . A@1 ?.>.
Cr"stalC2son n1 . .<>.
PostC+"$notc s)&&estons
Calc)latons n2ol2ed n1 . *@<K?1 ?>.K*>.
/oral and ntellect)al 2al)e of1 . ;*..
T+reeCfold classfcaton of1 . =KA.
Ra$$ort n1 . .>@1 ?<>.
Rart" of sero)s st)d" of1 . .>B.
Red l&+t )sed n1 . @>.
Rente&raton of ')lt$le# $ersonalt" b"1 . ;?..
Resstance to1 case of1 . <<>.
(al$OtrPre sc+ool1 . <;=K<>1 <A@K@>.
(co$e of ter'1 BBK=G sco$e of treat'ent of s)bDect1 .
*?;K<.
(econdar" $ersonalt" n1 . ;..K;;1 ;?..
(elfC$roDecton s)&&ested )nder1 . .@B.
(elfCs)&&eston n (see aso (elfCs)&&eston)
Brad5s dsco2er" of1 . *B>.
4a+nestoc35s res)lts n1 . *B*.
!at)re of1 . .;;.
!e)roC')sc)lar c+an&es $rod)ced b"1 . *BA1 <<<K
=.
(c+e'es of1 . *B=KA.
(e# ''ateral to s)ccess n1 . <;AK@.
(&+t affected b"1 . *A<K?1 <=?K@.
(lee$1 f)nctons of1 acco'$ls+ed b"1 . @>1 .>.G nat)ral1
contrasted 8t+1 . *..1 *=>1 *=..
(o'na'b)ls' contrasted 8t+1 . *=A1 *@;1 *@A.
(E)nt e'$lo"ed n1 . *B>1 *B?.
(ta&es of de$t+ n1 . *=*K.1 <?>K?G C+arcot5s t+ree
sta&es1 . *B*1 *@=1 <;=1 <;@1 <<=KAG G)rne"5s t8o
sta&es1 . <<AK?>.
(trat)' affected b"1 . <;1 <?.
()&&eston n
,efnton of1 . *B@.
Effcac" of1 . *B>K.1 *B?1 *BB.
/ode of1 stll )n3no8n1 . .>B.
!at)re of (Bra'8ell E)oted)1 . *BBK=.
()''arsed ed)caton1 defned as1 . *=;.
TelFst+esa n1 . .=?G tra2elln& clar2o"ance n1 . .*>1
.=A.
tele$at+c1 . .>=1 .>>K*>1 <A<1 ???KB.
Terrors1 for&otten1 effect on1 . .@@.
VasoC'otor s"ste'1 effect on1 . *A=KA1 *@*1 <@>K?.
6a3n& fro' trance nd)ced b" one +"$notser effected
b" anot+er1 . ?.<.
6atc+n& of $atents b" 8arders )nder1 . *@B1 ?*..
6llC$o8er1 effect on1 . *@=KA.
-"$nots'9 (/oll)1 cted1 . ?*<.
-"$nots'eG ()&&estonG Ps"c+oCt+Ura$e19 cted1 . <B?.
-"$nots'e et les Etats %nalo&)es a) $ont de 2)e 'UdcoC
lU&al1 L519 cted1 . ?*<.
-"$nots'e et l5Ort+o$Ude 'orale1 L519 . <?@.
-"$nots')s )nd sene %n8end)n& n der $ra3tsc+en
/edcn1 ,er19 cted1 . <B.1 <B?.
-"slo$1 Prof.1 cted1 . .<@ and note, B><.
-"stera
%bo)la of1 . *.<.
%nFst+esa n
4ancf)l areas of1 . <?KB1 *B<.
4)&)es19 n a case of1 . .@@.
InD)r" not res)ltant fro'1 . <<1 <=.
!at)re of1 . B?.
Or&anc dsease )nnotced n1 . <A.
:nconsco)s nat)re of1 . <<1 .@@.
6tc+es1 of1 . <.
%$+asa n1 . ?;1 B?.
Consco)sness contracted b"1 . *@1 ...
Cr"stalC2son n1 . .;A.
,ra'atc creaton analo&o)s to1 . *>=.
Ecstas" of1 soCcalled1 . ?=..
Gen)s n relaton to1 . ?B1 BB.
-"$erFst+esa n1 . BB.
-"$no&eno)s Nones of1 . *B;K<.
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 see under -"$nots'.
/e'or" n1 . .>>.
/etallot+era$" n1 . ;;A.
/)sc)lar sense absent n1 . ;.B1 ;;>.
!at)re of1 . <.K?>.
!&+t'are co'$ared 8t+1 . *.<.
Para$+asa n1 . ?;.
Preds$oston to1 fro' sensblt" not enfeeble'ent1 .
?>.
(econdar" $ersonalt" n1 . ;*=K*@1 ;;?.
(&+t affected n1 . <=G totall" lost1 . ;?;.
(o'na'b)ls' co'$ared to1 . ..1 *.;1 .>;.
Taste and s'ell st')lated n1 b" red l&+t1 . ?A= note
.
.
Terrors1 for&otten1 a ca)se of attac3s1 . <>1 ?>1 .@AK@.
:n2ersal1 s)$$osed case of1 . B=KA.
Val)e of obser2atons fro'1 . B?KB.
Vo'tn& n1 . ;;*.
6llC$o8er n1 . *@=.
6tc+craft e#$laned b"1 . <.
-"steroCe$le$s"1 . <<=KAG . <..K;G secondar" $ersonalt" n1
. ;?.KB>.
I.1 /ss1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . =>K*.
Ideaton1 . ?*@G s$rt)all" ns$red1 . ??.K;.
(d;es $i0es
Cases of1 . ?*1 .*B1 .*A.
,sa&&re&aton1 frst s"'$to' of1 . <>.
Ent+)sasts1 of1 . ?BK=.
E$le$tc1 . B>.
-"$notc c)re of1 . <*K.1 *=BK@1 .>>1 .@AK@.
Identt"
dscarnate s$rts1 oftest of1 . <@@ conce$tons of1 .
.?..
L2n&1 of t+e1 e#$er'ents re&ardn&1 . .<@ note.
Illness1 $redctons as to1 see /edcal clar2o"ance.
(usions hypnagogiques , . .;B1 .;@1 ?BAK@.
I'a&naton
-"$notc st')laton of1 . *AAK@..
Po8er of1 . <AAK@.
I'a&natonC'a&es1 . ..BK=.
I'$ro2saton1 . *><K?.
Ina)d1 7acE)es1 case of1 . =@ note.
Incandescence1 . ?;A.
Incantatons1 . ;*>.
Incarnaton1 condtonn& forces of1 . .=..
Ind"1 Vncent d51 cted1 . A@.
Inebret"1 see ,$so'ana.
Infla''aton1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <=>.
In&les1 /ar" (o$+a1 case of deat+ of1 . ;AA.
In+bton
-"$notc1 see under -"$nots'.
/odern nstances of1 . *><K*..
(ocrates1 case of1 . @?K*>>1 *>;.
Innate deas1 . .B=.
Innes1 %. Ta"lor1 cted1 . B<*K..
InE)r" nto -)'an 4ac)lt"19 cted1 . *.<.
Insant"
,ra8n&s 'ade d)rn&1 . @? note.
,rea's ca)sn& ft of1 . *.=.
-"$nots' n cases of1 . *B?1 <<>K*1 ?*=G 'oral1 . *@@K
.>>.
Ill)son of $redcted e2ents n1 . B<?.
/oral1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@@K.>>.
/)sc)lar ener&" n1 . ?*<1 ?.@.
Insensble s$ots1 see %nFst+etc s$ots.
Ins$raton1 Possesson9 dentcal 8t+1 . **?.
Instnct1 a)to'ats' of1 . *@?.
Inte&raton of $ersonalt" t+e +)'an obDect1 . .*B.
Introd)cton of /es'ers' 8t+ (ancton of Go2ern'ent nto
t+e P)blc -os$tals of Inda1 T+e19 cted1 . <=>.
Int)ton1 . .@?K=.
Ir2ne1 /ss /ar" Bla're1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;@=KA.
Ir2n&1 Ed8ard1 . ?=* and note.
Isolaton of ele'ents of $ersonalt"1 . ?=.
Italan co'')ncatons1 . B.>K*.
I2e"1 T. 4.1 case of1 . <>.K?.
7.1 (,elbQ)f5s s)bDect)1 . <=>1 <=.1 ?>B.
1 /r. (,elbQ)f5s $atent)1 case of1 . <=*.
1 /r. (lbraran)1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;A>K*.
1 7)les1 case of1 . <BB.
7ac3son1 ,r. 7. -)&+ln&s1 cted1 . =.1 ;*= note.
7a'es1 Ca$t.1 cted1 . *B=.
1 Prof. 6lla'
Cases )nder notce ofn2est&ated b"1 . *?@G sent to1 .
;=@KA*1 ;A?KB1 <>.KB1 <;?G . ?AKB>G re$orted b"1 .
<*=K*A.
Cted1 . AA note, ;*;1 ;?<1 ?B@ note
*
, ?A= note
.
.
E#$er'ents b"1 . .;A.
X)oted1 . ;;BG . **@1 .;@1 .?*1 ?@@KB>..
7ane1 case of1 . .=@1 ??;K<G . ?.<.
7anet1 ,r. 7)les1 cases of $atents of1 . <<1 *=*1 <<=KAG cted1 .
;;*K;G e#$er'ents 8atc+ed b"1 . ?.?.
Prof. Pa)l1 . ?.?.
Prof. Perre
Cases of $atents of1 cted1 . ?B1 .@A1 ;>>1 ;>;K?1 <@BK=1
?.<K@.
Cted1 . <>1 <;K<1 <B1 B.1 *B.1 .@AK;>>1 ;>;K?1 <B>.
E#$er'ents of1 . <=.
Poneer 8or3 of1 . B.G . **=.
X)oted1 . <AK@1 **.1 .@A1 ;..K;>1 <B*1 <@BK=.
7anca)d1 T+Uo$+le1 case of1 . ?.*K;.
7ealo)s"1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *=A1 .>>1 ?*A.
7eanne1 (Q)r1 case of1 . ;>?G . <..K;.
7endrass31 ,r.1 . <@?KB.
7oan of %rc1 case of1 . *>AG . *>>K;1 <>*K<.
7o+nson1 /ss %lce
Cens)s of -all)cnatons1 on co''ttee of1 . ?=>.
E#$er'ents b"1 . <?;K?1 ?;?K@1 ??..
X)oted1 . <@@.
1 R. C.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*;.
7o+nstone1 Re2. 7. C.1 letters of1 E)oted1 . *<B.
7ore1 cted1 . <=.1 ?>*.
7ones1 4. 7.1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
1 (r La8rence1 drea' of1 . .=<1 ;@.G . *B* note
*
.
7on&1 de1 cted1 . <;@1 <B>1 <@>.
7o)rnal of t+e %'ercan /edcal %ssocaton19 E)oted1 . B;K
<.
7o)rnal of /ental (cence1 T+e19 cted1 . ;<*.
7)dd1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;=?KB.
R.1 /r.1 case of1 . ;*@K.*.
Raffr co'')ncatons1 . <A;K<.
Ra&orodoff1 /'e. (/lle. E''a (tra'')1 co'')ncatons to1
. *=>K*1 <BBK=*.
Ral)a1 co'')ncatons fro'1 . .<<K?.
Randns3"1 cted1 . BB=.
Rane1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?;@.
Rant1 I''an)el1 cted1 . ?B@K=>.
Ra$nst1 Co'tesse E)&Une1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <@K?*.
Rardec1 %llan1 cted1 . **= note, *;?.
Rate1 $+antas' of1 . ;B>K*.
Rearne1 Perc"1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .A*1 B=.K<.
Rell"1 case of1 . ?=?.
Relso1 /rs. Colonel1 alle&ed co'')ncaton fro'1 . <A?.
Rel2n1 Lord1 E)oted1 . ?;*K. and note.
Re$ler1 . ;>..
Rerner1 7)stn)s1 cted1 . ?=> and note.
Rernoc+an1 C. %.1 2son of1 . ;=?.
Re)le'ans1 /r. 7. G.1 case of cr"stal 2son states of1 . .;AG
telFst+esa of1 . BB*K;G a$$arton seen b"1 . B*1 ;=.K;.
Rn&1 Geor&e1 drea' 2son of1 . ;B.K?.
Rn&sb)r"1 B. B.1 case sent b"1 . ;;<KB.
1 ,r. G. C.1 case sent b"1 . <=..
Rn&sford1 ,r. %nna1 case of1 cted1 . *;?.
Rn&ston1 ,r. -enr" ,. R.1 case sent b"1 . <=;K=.
Rrb"1 /rs.1 case of1 . *<@K?;1 *A=.
Rr31 7ose$+1 e#$er'ents b"1 . .<<1 B*@K..1 B@>K..
Rr3land1 %. P.1 case of1 cted1 . .;>.
RDell'an1 ,r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . ??<K?.
Rle$to'ana
-"$notc c)re of1 . <B>G $rod)cton of1 . ?*<.
!at)re of1 . *=?KB.
(elf1 t+efts fro'1 . <B*.
Rnorr1 ,r. Lo)s1 case recorded b"1 . <@BK@.
Rno8led&e1 co'')ncablt" of1 . ;*>.
RobbU1 /aDor1 case of1 cted1 . **<.
Root -oo' letters1 . .;*1 ?>*.
Rorf1 Gen. Pa)l 2on1 alle&ed co'')ncaton fro'1 . <@<K?.
Rrae$eln1 Prof. E'l1 cted1 . B<?.
RrafftCEbn&1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 . <B>G cted1 . <@* and
note
<
, <@? and note/ E)oted1 . *.=.
Rrtsc+e )nd 3lnsc+e Betrac+t)n&en ' Gebete der
(nnestS)sc+)n&en19 cted1 . BB= note
.
.
Rro+n1 ,r.1 case cted b"1 . ?B= note.
Rro$ot3n1 Prnce1 E)oted1 . <=@KA>.
R)bla R+an19 cted1 . *;?.
L.1 Earl of1 2son re&ardn&1 . *<.K;.
1 /r.1 $+antas' of1 at deat+1 . .<?.
1 /r. ('es'erst)1 a$$arton of1 . B=@KA>.
1 /rs.1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton connected 8t+1 . *B1 B@K=*.
1 /rs.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*< seq.
1 /rs. (LUbea)lt5s $atent)1 case of1 . <??.
1 E.1 clar2o"ance of1 . ??BKA.
1 /dlle. R.1 case of1 . *;;K<1 <=B.
1 Vctor1 case of1 . <BB.
Lada'e1 cted1 . <B>1 <B..
Ladd1 Prof.1 cted1 . AA.
La'arc3an t+eor"1 . **BK*=.
La'artne1 E)oted1 . A@.
La'berton1 Prof. 6lla' %.1 case of1 . *;<1 ;=;K?.
Lancaster1 Rosa'ra1 case of1 cted1 . .;>.
Lancet19 cted1 . <@* note
<
.
Lan&1 %ndre81 cted1 . .;= note, ?=<K?1 B<? note
.
G . ;* note,
*>* notes, ???G E)oted1 . ?@?KAG . <>*K<.
Lan&le"1 ,r. 7. !.1 cted1 . <<.1 <==.
Lan&)a&e
%)to'atc 'essa&es1 n1 . *>>.
L'tatons of1 . @A1 *>>.
Pr't2e )n2ersal1 . ?=>K*.
Lao TN)1 rel&on of1 . .AB.
La$sed ntell&ence1 $ossblt" of ncreasn& ran&e of acton
$erfor'ed b"1 . *@?.
Lar2a1 analo&" fro'1 . @=1 .>*1 .*=.
Latea)1 Lo)se1 case of1 . <@.K;.
Latenc" of $erce$ton1 . *.K*;1 *=K*A1 ;<B.
La)rent1 cted1 . <=;.
La"1 /ss 7. /.1 $lanc+ette e#$er'ents b"1 . *<?KB.
Le Gros1 ,)rand1 E)oted1 . ?*B.
Leaf1 ,r. 6alter1 e#$er'ents b"1 . .;AG cted1 . ?>.1 B><1
B>A.
Lebe)f1 4.1 cted1 . ?.. note
*
.
Lec3"1 /r.1 cted1 . <.
Lefeb2re1 ,r.1 cted1 . <@.K;.
Le&)U1 ,r. Gabrel1 cted1 . <..K; note.
LebntN1 cted1 . ?*@ note.
Le&+1 ,r. -. G.1 case re$orted b"1 . ;*@ note.
Lelt1 (ara1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B.K;.
LUl)t1 L. 4.1 cted1 . @? note
*
, @@.
Le'attre1 Prof.1 cted1 . *;B.
LUone (/'e. B.)1 case of1 . ;..KB1 <@BK=1 ?.<K@G . *@AK.>>1
?.*1 ?.@.
Le$s)s1 case of1 . ?B=.
Letters
,rea's of contents of1 . ;@.K<.
TelFst+etc $erce$ton of contents of1 . .=<K?G . ;.<.
Le2llan1 ,r.1 E)oted1 . <@=KA.
Le8n1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . BA.
Le8s1 Prof. Car2ll1 cted1 . ?>..
1 Re2. G.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?.
1 -erbert 7.1 E)oted1 . *;;.
1 7'1 alle&ed co'')ncaton fro'1 . <=<K=.
1 (.1 case of1 . *?;K<.
Lbraran1 $+antas' of1 . ;A>K*.
Le1 case of1 . .@@K;>>.
LUbea)lt1 ,r. %. %.
Case re$orted b"1 . @1 *B@K=>.
Cases of $atents of1 . <=<1 ?*;.
Cted1 . <;A1 <;@1 <?@1 <B.1 ?*<1 ?*B1 ?<>.
X)oted1 . <??.
6or3 of1 . *B*1 <<;K<.
LU&eos1 ,r.1 case of $atents of1 . ?*;G cted1 . ?*<.
Lfe
%' of1 . .@<.
%ttenton1 s)bl'nal1 t+e condton of1 . .*=K*A.
Cos'c and $lanetar"1 coe#stent1 . *?*1 *??.
/ateralstc ass)'$ton of $lanetar" or&n of1 . @?.
!at)re of1 )n3no8n1 . @=1 .<B.
(elfCada$tn& $o8er of1 . .*B.
()$$lcatons for1 . ;**K*..
L&+t
-all)cnatons of1 . ;.;K?1 ;=<1 ;A*.
/a&netc1 . <A;.
ObDect2e1 . ?;AK<>.
Red1 st')laton of fac)lt" b"1 . ?A= note
.
G . @>.
()bDect2e1 . ?<>K..
Vtal $+oto&en"1 . ?<>K*1 ?<=.
L&+t19 cted1 . ..@G E)oted1 . ;.@K;>1 ?.A note, ??* and
note, ??..
L&+tfoot1 /rs.1 2son seen b"1 . <.BK@G . B*.
Lterat)re1 '$ro2saton n1 . *>?.
LttrU1 E)oted1 . *;@.
L2re des Es$rts19 cted1 . **= note, *;?.
L2re des /Ud)'s19 cted1 . **= note.
Loco'otor ata#"1 'otor s)&&estblt" of1 . **<.
Lod&e1 /rs.1 +all)cnaton of1 . B=<K?.
1 4rederc3 L.1 case re$orted b"1 . B=<K?.
1 (r Ol2er1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*.G . .;A cted1 . B>*
noteG . .;@1 ?<.1 B><G E)oted1 . .<*1 B><KA.
Lo'broso1 Prof.1 cted1 . =*1 @*K..
Lon&1 Geo. E.1 case of1 . *??KB.
Lots1 dra8n& of1 $re'ontons re&ardn&1 . B=*.
Lo)d)n1 soCcalled de2ls of1 . *@@K.>>1 <..K;.
Lo)U1 C.1 case of1 . *A<1 <=<.
Lo)s19 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 . *=*.
Lo)rdes
C+arcot5s $atents sent to1 . ;**.
Le&end of1 . ?B*K<.
/racles of1 . *B=1 .*.K*?G . ;*;.
Lo2e
,efnton of1 . .A..
Planetar" or 'ateralstc t+eor" of1 . **.K*;.
Platonc1 . **.K*?.
Lo8estCle2el centres1 . =.K;.
LoNada1 (ev+or1 cted1 . *?=.
L)ce1 case of1 . ;.BK;*.
L)3e1 /ss /ar"1 drea's of1 . .=@1 ;@>K..
L)'nescence1 . ?;AK@G 'etet+eral1 . ?<..
L)'nost"1 $+eno'ena of1 . ?*?.
L)nac"1 see Insant".
L)natc %s"l)' Re$orts (T+e 6est Rdn&)19 cted1 . ;*=
note.
L)t+er1 /rs.1 case of1 . .*>K**1 .*=.
L)"s1 ,r.1 . <A@K@>G cted1 . <;@.
L"on1 /rs.1 -o'e5s case a&anst1 . ?A>.
/. (,elbQ)f5s s)bDect)1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 ?>B.
1 (7anet5s $atent)1 case of1 . <A.
1 Colonel1 case of1 . <?B.
1 /'e.1 case of1 . ?.>K*.
1 /ss1 a$$arton seen b"1 . =;.
1 /r.1 case of1 . <><K?.
1 /rs.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . .<<1 B..KA.
1 /rs.1 case re$orted b"1 . ?<B.
/.1 /rs.1 2son of1 . ;A;K<.
1 /ss E. L.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;B@K=>.
1 /are1 case of1 . ;*AK*@.
/ablle1 ,r.1 . ;;@1 <@*G cted1 . <@= note
.
.
/abre1 Etenne1 cted1 . B>* note.
/acalster1 Prof.1 cted1 . ?*B note.
/5%l$ne1 /rs.1 a$$artons seen b"1 . .=>K*G . ;<?.
/acaro1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?.. note
*
.
/5G)re1 Rat"1 co'')ncatons fro'1 . .*?K*=.
/5Ra"1 Re2. C+arles1 case re$orted b"1 . ;<A.
/5Rendrc31 Prof.1 crtcsed1 . *B< note.
/ac3enNe1 Robert1 a$$arton of1 . ?.K?.
/HP.1 /rs.1 cted1 . ;B*K..
/acro$"1 . <=<.
/a&not1 %dPle1 case of1 . ..>1 ?=;KA.
/a&netc felds1 +"$notc $erce$ton of1 . .;;.
/a&netc sense1 . <A.K;.
/a&nets'e %n'al1 Le19 E)oted1 . ;.@K;;>.
/a&nets')s )nd de all&e'ene 6elts$rac+e1 ,er19 cted1 .
B@A note.
/a&netoCt+era$"1 . *?@.
/a&nets1 sensblt" to1 . <AA1 <@>.
/atland1 Ed8ard1 case of1 cted1 . *;?.
/a3n& of Rel&on19 cted1 . .;= note, ?=<K?1 B<? note
.
G
E)oted1 . ?@?KA.
/alades de la PersonnaltU1 Les19 E)oted1 . *>.
/alase 1 $s"c+oC$+"solo&cal1 . <A*G . *A1 *><.
/alcol'1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .?AK@.
/alo"1 $+antas' of1 . ;<A.
/a'tc+tc+1 E)&Pne1 a$$artons seen b"1 . .*K?1 .*>.
/an&a'ele1 Vto1 case of1 . A>1 A;K<1 **BK*=.
/ana1 see Insant".
/annn&1 /rs.1 drea' of1 . *<=1 <*=.
/anners1 Elsa19 control b"1 . .<<1 .<A note, B.>K*.
/an)el PratE)e d) /a&nUts'e %n'al19 E)oted1 . ?.>.
/anNn1 (&nora /ara1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . <<BK=. B.<K
=.
/ar&)Urte case1 . B@K=>.
/ara1 case of1 . <AK@1 <B;.
/arller1 /.1 e#$er'ents 8atc+ed b"1 . ?.?G E)oted1 . BB;
note.
/arot1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 . <B<.
/ars1 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 . *;> seq.
/artan lan&)a&e1 . *;BK=.
/artn1 /rs.1 case sent b"1 . .BB.
/artnea)1 -arret1 case of co8 of1 . <<..
/asse"1 C. C.1 case sent b"1 . ?B*K.G E)oted1 . ?A<.
/ason1 ,r. R. Os&ood1 cases re$orted b"1 . B;K<1 ;@>K..
/ass2e 'otor '$)lses1 . **.K*?.
/aston1 ,r. Cla)d)s -enr"1 E)oted1 . <?BKA.
/ateralsaton (ecto$las")1 . ?.@1 ?<*1 ?<<K@.
/aterals'1 2e8 of1 re&ardn& e2ol)ton1 . @<G re&ardn& lo2e1
. **.K*;G re&ardn& 8llC$o8er1 . .*A.
/at+e'atcal $rod&es1 . =@KA?.
/atter
Conser2aton of1 . ;>*.
Et+er n relaton to1 . .>@.
La8s of1 an ncdental case of la8s of s$rt1 . <AA.
Passa&e of1 t+ro)&+ 'atter1 . ?;B.
Realt" of1 dsc)ssed1 . .==KA.
($rt5s nfl)ence on1 . ;.G . .><K?.
/a)&+an1 /ss Edt+ (/rs. G. Ra"le&+ Vcars)1 a$$artons of1
. B?;K<1 B@;KB@?.
/a)r"1 %lfred1 cted1 . *.<K?.
/a2ro)3a3s1 ,r.1 case re$orted b"1 . <BB.
/a#8ell1 Prof. Cler31 cted1 . ?;>K*.
/ec+ans' of /an19 cted1 . ?.;.
/edcal clar2o"ance1 see under Clar2o"ance.
/edcal !e8s1 T+e9 (:.(.%.)1 cted1 . ;>@G E)oted1 . <?BKA.
/edcneC'en1 . .>> note, .A;.
/edcoCLe&al 7o)rnal9 (:.(.%.)1 E)oted1 . ;*@K.*.
/ed)'s+$
Co'')ncatons affected b" nat)re of1 . ..@1 ?@>.
Effect of1 on 'ed)'1 . *;*K..
P+"scal s)ffern&s re$rod)ced n1 . ..>1 ?=;K<.
(t)d" of1 2al)able1 . *;A.
/U'ores de (t. ('on19 cted1 . @..
/U'ores $o)r ser2r a l5-store et a l5Etablsse'ent d)
/a&nUts'e %n'al19 cted1 . *?@ note.
/e'orablt" a test of consco)sness1 . ;BK=.
/e'or"
%lternatn& $ersonaltes1 n1 . ;<*1 ;<<1 ;<BK?;G . .>*.
Co'$lete cons$ect)s of 2aro)s strea's of1 not $ossble
to $resent consco)sness1 . *A..
Cr"stalC2son re$rod)cn& s)bl'nal1 . *;..
,efnton of1 . .B?.
,o)ble ($ro'nesa)1 . B<<K? and noteG . .B<.
,rea's1 reco2ered n1 . ;;AG ordnar"1 n drea's1 . .>*.
Ec'nesa1 see that tite.
E'otonal or affect2e1 . *;AK@.
Errors of1 n reco)ntn& tele$at+c '$ressons1 . B;=1
B<<.
-"$er'nesa1 see that tite.
-"$nots' n relaton to1 see under -"$nots'.
-"stera1 n1 . .>>.
Ill)sons of1 . B;=1 B<<KB.
/)lt$le# $ersonalt"1 n1 . ;<*1 ;<<1 ;<BK?;G . .>*.
Or&anc1 . .BBK=.
Pan1 of1 . <=.K<.
Para'nesa ($ro'nesa)1 . B<<K? and note
*
G . .B<.
P+"scal bass of1 . ?**.
PostCe$le$tc states1 of1 . B*1 ;>@1 ;*;K*?.
PreCnatal1 . .BBK=.
Pro'nesa ($ara'nesa)1 . B<<K? and note
*
G . .B<.
P)r&aton of1 . *=A.
(econdar" $ersonalt"1 n1 nat)re of1 . B.1 *.A1 ;>BG .
*@..
(econdar" $ersonalt"1 oflost to $r'ar"1 . ;;.1 ;;;1
;;BG recalled b" +"$nots'1 . B*1 *@B1 ;>@1 ;*;K*?1
;*=K*@G not reco2ered1 . ;.>1 ;...
(elect2e nat)re of1 . *.A.
(elfC$roDecton1 of1 . .@B.
(lee$1 n1 see under ,rea's.
(o'na'b)lstc1 . .>;.
($rt control of1 . ??>.
()bl'nal contn)t" of1 . *.A.
/e'or"C'a&es
%fterC'a&es dstn&)s+ed fro'1 . ?B=K?B@.
!at)re of1 . ..B1 .;B.
/enneer1 /rs.1 drea' of1 . <.?KBG . ?..
/en3en1 %da+1 control b"1 . ....
/eredt+1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . .<A note.
/esner1 8or3 of1 . ?1 *?=1 *?@G cted1 . B@A.
/es'ers'
Effl)ence t+eor" of1 . <A<K?G . ?*?.
ObDects treated b"1 . <A<.
ReDecton of1 . B>>.
($rts1 b"1 . ?.=.
/es'ers' and t+e :n2ersal Lan&)a&e19 E)oted1 . B@AK=>>.
/es'ers' n Inda19 cted1 . <=>.
/esnet1 ,r.1 case recorded b"1 . *A*1 ;>BG cted1 . <=..
/etallFst+esa1 . <A..
/etallot+era$"1 . *?@1 ;;A.
/eta'or$+oses1 . ?*..
/eta$+"scal /a&aNne1 T+e19 E)oted1 . <.;.
/etet+eral en2ron'ent1 . @?KB1 .*?K@.
/et+ectc1 e#$lanaton of ter'1 . B note.
/crobes1 +"$nots' n relaton to1 . *A>.
/crosco$c $erce$ton )nder +"$nots'1 case of1 . <=AK@.
/ddleCle2el centres
4)nctons of1 . =.K<.
-"$nots'1 n1 . *?=1 *@>1 *@<G )nder control of +&+er
centres f needf)l1 . *@A.
/ll1 7o+n (t)art1 abstracton of1 . @>.
/ller1 /rs.1 2son of1 . <.;K<.
/nd
-abts of1 ?@AKB>>.
!)trton and e#$endt)re of1 . ?**.
Persstn& res)lts of acton of1 . B@.
P+eno'ena of1 not to be e#$laned n ter's of $+"scal1 .
*; note.
Relaton of consco)sness to1 . ;=.
TelFst+etc 2son1 e2dent n1 . .=B.
/nd19 cted1 . AA note
.
G E)oted1 . <==.
/ndCC)re1 4at+CC)re1 and t+e /racles of Lo)rdes19 cted1 .
.*; note
.
.
/ndC+ealn&1 . .*..
/not1 Prof. C. (.1 cted1 . ?@A note
;
.
/racles of Lo)rdes1 *B=1 .*.K*?G . ;*;.
/tc+ell1 Re2. G. 6.1 cted1 . ?B.K?1 ?BAK@.
1 ,r. 6er1 cted1 . ;**K*.G E)oted1 . ;;B.
/#ed sense or&ans1 t+eor" of1 . *AB note.
/oberle"1 /rs. %lfred1 $lanc+ette e#$er'ents b"1 . *<<K?.
/odern Prestess of Iss1 %19 cted1 . ?>..
/odern ($rt)als'9 (/as3el"ne)1 cted1 . ?>;.
/odern ($rt)als'9 (Pod'ore)1 cted1 . .>= and note, ?>;.
/olec)les
(elect2e &)dance of1 nd2d)all"1 . ?...
(tatstcal 'et+od of dealn& 8t+1 . ?;>.
/oll1 cted1 . <;A1 <;@1 ?*<1 ?<>.
/onastcs'1 . .@*1 ;>@.
/oncreff1 /aDor1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
/onde)#1 case of1 . A>1 A;1 A<.
/one"1 /ss (.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;?*K..
/ontons1 . .BA1 .=..
/onoCdes'1 . *=A1 *A@1 <B@G do8sers1 of1 . <A*.
/oral c+aracter of a)to'atc 'essa&es1 . *;;K<.
/oral fa)lts1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@@K.>*.
/orn1 /. $redcton sent to1 . <<>.
/Trl1 /ara1 case of1 . <@;.
/or$+no'ana c)red b" +"$nots'1 . *=B1 *@@1 <B<.
/orse1 /ss1 +all)cnatons of1 . BB= note
*
.
/orton1 /ss R. C.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;A@K@B.
/oses1 Re2. 6lla' (tanton
Boo3s b"1 . ?A;.
Career of1 . ?A?K=.
Case of1 . ..;K;=G cted1 . .@1 ;.1 .>?G . **? note, **=1
*A@1 .<@1 ?>? and note, ?>B1 ?*;1 ?*?1 ?.=K;>1 ?;;K
=1 ?<>K*1 ?<BK@1 ??*K<.
Case recorded b"1 . ?B>K*.
Letter of1 E)oted1 . ??..
/)scans5 'essa&es to1 . *B=KA.
1 C. 6.1 case of1 . *>=KA.
/otor a)to'ats'
,ssol)ton and e2ol)ton contrasted1 . A;K<.
,o8sers1 of1 . <A*.
,ra8n&1 . <>>K*1 <<.K;1 <<@.
Gen)s and +"$nots'1 relaton to1 . *><.
-"$erFst+etc1 . *><K**.
-"stercal defects s)$$led b"1 . <AK@.
Ido&no'onc nat)re of1 . A=.
In+btons1 see that tite.
Instnct2e1 . *@?.
/odes of1 en)'erated1 . **?.
!at)re of1 . ....
Possesson1 see that tite.
(co$e of s)bDect1 . .=.
(ensor" a)to'ats's1 co'$ared 8t+1 . ==1 **?K*BG
connected 8t+1 . *>;1 ?.>.
(o'na'b)ls'1 n1 . ;>BK=.
($eec+1 as1 'oral c+aracter of1 . *;;K<.
($rt)all" controlled1 . ??;.
TableCtltn&1 . @.K<1 *<<1 *?>K;1 *?BK@1 .>=1 .<A note,
<.;KB1 <==1 <A@K@*.
TableCt)rnn&1 . @.K<G boo3s on1 . ???.
6rtn& (+andC)
Cases of1 . *<.K;1 *<=KA1 *?;1 *B>K*1 *B@K=>1
*=.KA1 <>>1 <*BK*A1 <..1 <;?K<>1 <<.K?=1
<?@K=*1 <A.K@1 <@?.
,e'onacal $ossesson1 n1 . ;><.
E2dental E)alt" n1 sta&es of1 . .;?KB.
-"$notc1 . ;.AK;*.
-"steroCe$le$s"1 n1 . ;??KB>.
/oses1 6. (.1 case of1 see /oses.
('lart" of1 to +andC8rtn& of alle&ed a&ent1 .
*BA.
(o'na'b)ls'1 n1 . ;>BK=.
Tele3ness n1 . .>=.
Test of1 . .;*K.1 .;?.
Varetes of1 . <<A1 <B>1 <BB1 <A;1 ?A@1 ?@B
(s&nat)res).
6rtn& ($lanc+etteC)
Cases of1 . *<<K=1 *?<KB1 *B*K=1 *=;1 <*AK..1
<.BK;<1 <<A1 <?=KA.1 <@B.
-ar'lessness of1 . <.;.
PostC+"$notc1 . A@.
Tele3ness n1 . .>=.
6rtn& (+andCand $lanc+etteC)
%na&ra's1 . <*BK*A.
Earl" condton of s)bDect1 . **BK*=.
Effect of1 on a)to'atc 8rters1 . **A.
E2l e2denced n1 'erel" 'sc+e2o)s1 . =A.
-"$notc1 . ;.AK;*G
$ostC+"$notc1 . A@1 ?.>.
I'$ortance of1 . *A?.
Lan&)a&e of1 . *>>.
(econdar" $ersonalt"1 b"1 . ;??KB>.
(o)rces of1 en)'erated1 . **AK*@.
($ontanet" of1 . <<.1 <<<1 ?@*.
/otor defects1 a)to'atc s)bstt)tons for1 . <AK@.
/o)ntan 7'1 a$$arton of1 . <<.
/o)ntford1 Re2. /r.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?BK=.
/)lt$le# $ersonalt"cases of1 . ;;AK?<G tendenc" to8ards1
. <.;G nat)re of1 . ?*.G a)to'ats's 8t+ c+aracter of1 .
?.>.
/)scleCreadn&1 analo&" fro'1 . AAK@.
/)sc)lar sense1 +"$notc effect on1 . <=?G r&dt" $rod)ced b"
s)&&eston1 . ?;;KA.
/)sc
,rea' of1 . ;B@.
-all)cnaton of1 . ;AA.
-"$notc s)bDects1 effect on1 . @>.
!at)re of1 . *>*K;.
/)sco$+oba1 . <BB.
/)sset1 ,e1 E)oted1 . A@.
/)stard $o)ltces1 'a&nar"1 . <@BK=.
/"ers1 ,r. %. T.1 cted1 . .*; and note
.
, ;@*G e#$er'ents
8atc+ed b"1 . ?.?G e#$er'ents b"1 . ?<*G on co''ttee of
Cens)s of -all)cnatons1 . ?=>.
/"so$+oba1 . *==.
/"stcs'1 . .AB.
/"stE)e ,2ne1 nat)relle et dabolE)e1 La19 cted1 . <@;.
/"t+1 Rt)al1 and Rel&on19 cted1 . ;* note.
!.1 2son of1 . <>?.
1 ,r.1 case of1 . *><.
1 /.1 case recorded b"1 . B..K;.
!a&el1 cted1 . *AB note, <=@ and note, <A>.
!alCbtn& c)red b" +"$nots'1 . <?@.
!anc" (c+ool of +"$nots'1 see under -"$nots'.
!arcotcs
I'$)lse to1 c)red b" +"$nots'1 . *=B.
()&&estblt"1 relaton to1 . *B.1 <<>K*.
!asc'ento1 7osU C)stodo 4ernandeN do1 case of1 . ;@;K<.
!asse1 cted1 *B> note
*
.
!at)ral and /es'erc Clar2o"ance19 cted1 . .>= note, <=>.
!at)reCs$eec+1 . ?=*.
!at)re19 E)oted1 . <??KBG cted1 . ?<. note.
!elson1 cted1 . <B..
!er2o)s de2elo$'ent1 'odern ra$dt" of1 . @.K;.
!er2o)s dsorders c)red b" +"$nots'1 . <B>.
!er"1 ,onna1 drea' of1 . ;<=.
!et+erclft1 4. G.1 cted1 . ?>..
!e)ral&a1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <=>K*.
!e)rast+ena1 . <B?.
!e)roC')sc)lar c+an&es $rod)cedb" selfCs)&&eston1 . *BA1
<<<K=G b" +"$nots'1 . *A=1 *@=.
!e2)s1 ,r. 7o+n1 cted1 . *@AK.>>1 ?>>K*.
!e2roses et IdUes 4#es19 cted1 . .@A1 <B>1 <B*1 <B;G E)oted1
. ;>;K?1 <B*.
!e8bold1 Prof. Ro'ane1 cases recorded b"1 . *;<1 ;=;K@G
cted1 . ;*<G . *@AK@1 .;@1 B><G E)oted1 . ;?.K<G . ?>>K*.
!e8n+a'1 /rs.1 tele$at+c '$resson of1 . <*AK*@G . *A=G
$lanc+ette 8rtn& b"1 . *@@1 .>=1 <.BK;*.
1 Re2. P. -.1 drea' of1 . *<=1 <*AK*@G tele$at+c
e#$er'ents b"1 . *<>1 *<=KA1 *A=1 <.BK;*.
!e8ton1 case of1 . ?B@.
!cotns'1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <B;K<.
!ederen (nne der Inse3ten1 ,e19 cted1 . <=@ note.
!&+t'are1 . *.;K<.
!'s1 4. %.1 case re$orted b"1 . .A..
!sbet1 E. T.1 case re$orted b"1 . B=?KA.
!orda)1 ,r. /a#1 cted1 . =*.
!or'al
Gen)s best t"$e of1 . =.1 ==1 =A.
/s)se of ter'1 . ;;;.
(co$e of ter'1 . .>1 =BK=.
!or'ande1 Re2. C. Y. de1 E)oted1 . *A<K?.
!ort+ern 7o)rnal of /edcne19 E)oted1 . ;.*K..
!orton1 Ca$t. Cecl1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;;BKA.
!o)2elles Obser2atons s)r )n cas de (o'na'b)ls'e19 cted1
. *;* note, *;@ note
.
1 *<< note
*
.
!)'berCfor's1 . ?B?1 ?@AKB>>.
!)tCs+ells1 clar2o"ant readn& of 'ottoes n1 . ??=KA.
O1 /r.1 case sent b"1 . .>@1 ??BK@.
1 4rS)len %nna1 case of1 . ?*1 ?;K<.
ObDect2aton of t"$es
,rea's1 n1 . *.B.
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@?.
Obser2atons de /Udecne PratE)e19 cted1 . <<?1 ?>>G
E)oted1 . <A?.
Occ)lt 8sdo'1 . .==.
Oc+oro8cN1 Prof.1 cted1 . ?<?G e#$er'ents 8atc+ed b"1 .
?.?.
O5Gor'an1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . .<A note .
Ol$+ant1 /rs.1 cted1 . ?=* note.
On t+e (oCcalled ,2nn& Rod19 cted1 . <A>K*.
O$+t+al'olo&" and ,seases of t+e !er2o)s ("ste'19 cted1 .
;*= note.
Os&ood1 ,r. -a'lton1 cted1 . <=*.
O2er t+e Teac)$s19 E)oted1 . BB>K*.
P.1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . <@@1 ?;AK@1 ?<=K?;1 ?=@KA<.
1 Ca$tan1 case of1 . <;.
1 /lle1 de1 case of1 . *?B.
1 /r.1 +all)cnaton of1 . ;A*.
1 /rs.1 a$$artons seen b"1 . ;.BK@.
1 G.9 (Geor&e Pel+a')1 control b"1 . ;B1 *@A1 .;=KA1 .<*K
;1 .?;K?1 B>AK.>.
P3.1 case of1 . ;>>.
Pll1 case of1 . ?>;K?.
Pt.1 /'e.1 case of1 . <B*.
Pa&e1 E.1 case sent b"1 . ??@KB>.
Pan (see aso %nal&esa)
%nFst+etc s)$$resson of1 not $er'anent1 . <=.K;.
,rea' 'e'or" of1 . *A*.
-"$nots' n relaton to1 . .;1 <=>.
In+bton of1 . ??>.
/e'or" of1 . <=.K<.
/ndC+ealn& of1 . .*..
!at)re of1 . *=@KA*.
(elfCs)&&eston effect2e n re'o2al of1 . <=*.
(ense of1 dstn&)s+ed fro' te'$erat)reCsense1 . B?KB.
Transference of sensaton of1 . ?<>K*1 ?<;1 B*;K*<.
PalFolt+c $s"c+olo&"1 . .<=1 .<@.
Pallada1 a$$artons of1 . .*K?.
Pallser1 /att+e81 $+antas' of1 . ;<;K<.
PanFst+esa n $r'al &er'1 . *ABG . .B@.
PaE)et1 /rs. %&nes1 2son seen b"1 . .A.K<.
Para'nesa1 . .B<.
Para$+asa n +"stera1 . ?;.
Pars+1 E.1 cted1 . B<? and note
.
.
Par3er1 -on. /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B=AKA>.
Parr"1 /ss L)c" Ga'ber1 $+antas' of1 . ;=BK=.
Parsons1 ,r. ,. 7.1 case of1 . <<*G . ***K**..
Pascal1 case of1 cted1 . **=.
Passon1 anal"ss of1 . **.K*;.
Pat+olo&e des E'otons19 cted1 . ?A= note
.
.
Pa"ne1 7ose$+1 case of1 cted1 . ?*@.
Pearce1 6. -.1 case of1 . B?<KB.
Pearson1 /ss %nn1 $+antas' of1 . ;;<.
Pedrono1 case of1 . ?B= note.
Peed1 Re2. 7.1 case re$orted b"1 . ??AK@.
Pel+a'1 Geor&e9 (G. P.9)1 control b"1 . ;B1 *@A1 .;=KA1
.<*K;1 .?;K?1 B>AKB.>.
PennUe1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . BA note .
Perce$t2e fac)lt"
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *A<K=.
Inde$endent of senseCor&ans1 . *@*.
PUrUl&)ne1 %nastasa1 alle&ed co'')ncaton fro'1 . <=*K;.
Per3ns1 ,r. Els+a1 . <A@.
Personalt"
Co''onsense 2e8 of1 . *>K*;1 *=1 ....
CoCordnaton9 2e81 . *>K**.
,ssocaton of1 . .<@K?*1 .B;1 .@=.
Infnte God transcendn&1 . ;>A1 ;*;.
Inte&raton of1 t+e +)'an obDect1 . .*B.
Isolaton of ele'ents of1 . ?=.
/odfable nat)re of co'$le# forces n1 . BA.
/)lt$le#cases of1 . ;;AK?<G tendenc" to8ards1 .
<.;G nat)re of1 . ?*.G a)to'ats's 8t+ c+aracter of1
. ?.>.
Ps"c+olo&cal 2e8 of1 . *>K**.
(econdar"1 see (econdar" $ersonalt".
($lnters of1 $er+a$s e2denced n teasn& controls19 .
.>>K*.
()$ral'nal lfe a $r2le&ed case of1 . ..;.
Pers$raton1 e#cess2e1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . <@*.
Pert)rbaton 'as3n& e2ol)ton1 . .*1 ?B1 @;G . AB.
Pesaro e#$er'ents1 cted1 . *@;.
Peterson1 ,r. 4.1 cted1 . <@>.
PUtUtn1 cted1 . <A?KB1 ?>>1 ?.;1 ?;@ note
.
.
Petro2oC(olo2o2o1 /c+ael1 cases sent b"1 . <>K.1 <=AKA>G
cted1 . ?*1 ???.
P+antas'o&enetc centres1 . .;.1 .<=1 .B<K?1 .=;K<1 BA?G .
*AB1 *@<1 BA?.
P+antas's
,eat+1 abo)t 'o'ent of1 . .=*1 .A;.
dscarnate s$rts1 of1 see ,scarnate s$rts%$$artons.
L2n&1 of t+e1 . ..?K=1 .=.K<1 .A*1 .A=1 .@*G . ;.;1
;<?KB.
P+antas's of t+e L2n&9
Cted1 . <1 A1 .<K?1 *.<1 *.?1 .>= note, ..A1 .<?1 .<=KA1
.?<1 .A>1 .A<1 .AB1 .@*1 <*BK*=1 ?.;1 ?.@1 ?;;1 ?;@
and notes, ?<;1 ?=>1 B;B seq., B<.K;1 BAA1 B@@K=>>G
. ;*1 <.K?1 ?.1 *>*1 **<1 ;>>1 ;<?1 ;B@1 ;AA.
Prod)cton of1 . .<;.
X)oted1 . *;=KA1 *<<1 *<AK@1 .??KB;1 .B@1 .=.1 .A>1
.A=K.@>1 .@.KB1 ;@<1 ;@A1 <*;K*B1 <*AK.>1 <.<K;;1
?<.1 B>*1 B*;K*<1 B<BK?*1 B?<K@1 BB*K=1 B=AKA.1
BABKAG . B.K;1 BBK=1 B@K=*1 *B@K=>1 ;;BK=1 ;<;K<1
;<AK?*1 ;B=
1
;=.K;1 ;=BK@1 <*?K*B1 <.;K?.
P+ll$s1 R. C.1 E)oted1 . ??@KB*.
P+loso$+" of /"stcs'19 cted1 . ?A note.
P+n)t1 ,r.1 control b"1 . ..>1 .;=K<*1 .<?K=1 B>>K*1 B><KA1
B*>K*;1 B*B1 B*@KB.<.
P+$son1 ,r. T. L.1 cted1 . ?;@.
P+obes1 . <B?KA.
P+os$+orescence1 . ?*?1 ?;AK<>.
P+os$+orescence19 cted1 . ?;@.
P+oto&en"1 2tal1 . ?<>K*1 ?<=.
P+renolo&cal 7o)rnal and /scellan"19 cted1 . BB= note
*
.
P+"scal $+eno'ena1 'ental $+eno'ena not to be e#$laned n
ter's of1 . *; note.
Perce1 %. -.1 cted1 . *. note
.
.
P3e1 7.1 drea' of1 . *<=1 <*?K*B.
P$er1 /rs.1 case of1 . .;=K?BG case cted1 . .@1 .>?G . *;=1
*@>K*1 *@A1 .>>1 .*;1 ;**G re$orts on1 . ?@@KB.<.
Ptres1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 . <=1 *B<1 ?*..
Planc+ette1 see /otor a)to'ats's6rtn&.
Planetar" and cos'c1 see Cos'c.
Plastct"
-"$notc so'na'b)ls' $rod)ct2e of &reater1 . .*=.
Pr't2e1 reco2er" of1 . *@;K<.
Reason1 of1 co'bned 8t+ stablt" of nstnct1 . *@?.
Plato
Lo2e as de$cted b" (E)otaton fro' ("'$os)'9)1 .
**.K*?.
Re'nscence t+eor" of1 . **=K*@.
(ocrates1 ncdents re&ardn&1 descrbed b"1 . @=K@.
Plotn)s1 E)oted1 . .A@K@* and note.
Pl)''er1 Re2. 6. (.1 cted1 . ;;A.
Pl)tarc+1 cted1 . @@.
Pod'ore1 4ran3
Cases )nder notce ofattested b"1 . B?AG n2est&ated
b"1 . BA*G . ;?;1 ;?B1 ;?AK@1 ;A=G re$orted b"1 .
;A*K..
Cens)s of -all)cnatons1 on co''ttee of1 . ?=>.
Cted1 . .<<1 .*@ note / . ;> and note, ?B1 BA1 .>= and
note, ..>1 .;> note, ?>*K;1 ???1 ?=;1 ?=A.
X)oted1 . B*@K..1 B<.1 BAAK@>.
Poetr"1 nat)re of1 . *>*K..
Ponts de re$Pre1 . *A?1 *@>1 .;A1 ;=?1 <@@1 ?=A.
Polarsaton of l&+t1 analo&" fro'1 . .;? note .
Pole1 /r. 6.1 E)oted1 . A*.
Polter&ests1 . =.1 ?>*1 ???.
Pol"Cdes'1 . <=>.
Pono'areff1 !. 7.1 a$$arton of1 . <>K..
Possesson
%nalo&es for1 . *@.K<1 .>*K.1 .?<.
%n&elc or dabolc1 not fo)nd1 . *@AK@.
Bran f)ncton n cases of1 . .>*1 .><1 .?<.
C+nese1 . *@AK@1 ?>>K*.
,efnton of1 . *A@.
,abolc1 not fo)nd1 . *@AK@G soCcalled1 . ;>;K?.
Ecstas" so'et'es ndstn&)s+able fro'1 . .*>.
4a'l" crcles or &ro)$s1 n1 . .>@.
-o'e case1 see -o'e.
-ostle1 not fo)nd1 . *@A.
I'$ortance of t+eor" of1 . *@*.
Ins$raton9 dentcal 8t+1 . **?.
/sc+e2o)s controls19 . .>>.
/oses case1 see /oses.
/otor a)to'ats'1 e#tre'e case of1 . *A@.
!at)re of1 . *@>K*1 *@BK=1 .>;K?.
P$er1 /rs1 case of1 . .;=K?B.
Po$)lar e#$ectatons re&ardn&1 . .>;.
Processes of1 . .?>K?.
(oCcalled1 . B?1 ;>?1 ;B>KAG . <..K;.
($rtC$ossesson
Brea3 n seres of $s"c+olo&cal c+an&es $ossbl"
effected b"1 . ;@.
Cases of1 . .>?.
E2dence for1 . .AK@.
($lt $ersonalt"1 rs3 of conf)son 8t+1 . *@A.
Tele3ness n relaton to1 . .>?KA.
tele$at+"1 de2elo$'ent of1 . .?>.
T8o or 'ore s$rts1 b"1 . *@>.
:ndesrable s$rts1 b"1 . ??<.
0.1 /'e.1 case of1 . *.?K;>.
Possbltes of /alCObser2aton and La$se of /e'or"1 T+e19
cted1 . B<B.
Po)c+et1 case of1 . ?B@.
Po8le8cN1 ,r.1 +"$notc c)re b"1 . ;.B.
Practtoner19 cted1 . <@A note.
Pratt1 T+o'as1 drea' of1 . <>>K..
Pra"er
Belef n1 . .<..
!at)re of1 . ;*;1 ??<.
tele$at+" n relaton to1 . ;>B.
T+eolo&cal connotaton of1 . ;>@.
Preco&nton
Cases of1 . ??AK@G . .B. note, <;?K<>.
Co'$le#t" n2ol2ed n1 . *;B.
,eat+1 of1 see under ,eat+.
,sc)sson of1 . .<B1 .<AG . .B.K<1 .BAK=;.
,rea's1 n1 . *<.K;1 <>>K*;G . .=*1 ?.<.
-all)cnaton1 n1 . BBAK=*.
-"$notc trance1 n1 . .*>.
7oan of %rc1 case of1 . <><.
/ontons classed as1 . .BA.
(o'na'b)ls'1 n1 . .><.
Prel)de1 T+e19 cted1 . *>@K**.
Pre'onton1 2a&)e1 of e2l (see aso Preco&nton)1 . *@B.
Prenatal s)&&eston1 . *==1 <??KAG . ?*?K*B.
Pre2son1 see Preco&nton.
Pre2orst1 (eeress of1 . ?=>K*.
Pre"er1 6.1 cted1 . <<..
Prnce1 ,r. /orton1 case of s)bDect of1 . B;1 ;<*1 ;<<K?.G .
*@@.
Prnc$les of Ps"c+olo&"19 cted1 . AA note
*
1 ?B@ note
*
G
E)oted1 . ;;B.
Proctor1 /r.1 cted1 . ;@@.
Pro&rPs /Udcal19 cted1 . <@= notes
.
1
;
.
Prolon&ea)1 case of1 . A>1 A;.
Pro'nesa (do)ble 'e'or")1 . B<<K? and note
*
G . .B<.
Proto$las'
Gen)s1 or&n of1 referred to1 . **=.
PanFst+esa of1 . *ABG . .B@.
Pro$+"lactc 'eas)res1 analo&" fro'1 . ;B.
Pro)st1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 . B*1 ;*=K*A.
Pro#'t"1 sensblt" to
%n'als1 of1 . <A;K<.
Persons1 of1 . <A=.
Pr)d+o''e1 ()ll"1 E)oted1 . A@G . *;@.
Pr)t1 7. 6.1 case recorded b"1 . ?BB.
Pse)doC$ossesson1 see Possesson(oCcalled.
Pse)doC$resent'ents1 . B<<KB1 BB=.
Ps"c+cal n2ason
Cases of1 . .B;K@1 B<@K?>1 B?;KB1 B=?K=>>G b" s$rts of
t+e l2n&1 . *<=KAG b" s$rts of t+e d"n& or dead1 .
*?>G 8+ere onl" $erc$ent retans 'e'or" of
crc)'stance1 . .ABK@*G 8+ere a&ent and $erc$ent
retan 'e'or" of crc)'stance1 . .@*1 <*AK.*G .
*<=.
Contn)t" of drea'Clfe s)&&ested b"1 . .B;.
,rea's1 n1 . *<=1 <*=1 <.;.
!at)re of1 . ?.?.
(eres of cases n1 . .?<.
($ace conce$tons n2ol2ed n1 . .;*1 .<=.
tele$at+c '$act 'er&n& nto1 . *AB.
:ncertant" of e#$er'ent n1 . .@. and note.
Ps"c+cal Researc+ (ocet"1 see (ocet" for Ps"c+cal
Researc+.
Ps"c+sc+e Be+andl)n& der !e)rast+ene1 ,e19 cted1 . <B?.
Ps"c+sc+e (t)den19 E)oted1 . *=AKA.1 <BB1 <@;K<.
Ps"c+ot+era$e)tcs1 . ?*?1 ?.=.
Ps"c+oCT+Ura$e19 cted1 . <?@1 <B.1 <B?1 <=*.
Ps"c+olo&cal Re2e81 T+e19 E)oted1 . .;@.
Ps"c+olo&e der ()&&eston19 cted1 . ?;;.
Ps"c+olo&e des (ent'ents19 ctedG . *;@ note
*
.
Ps"c+olo&e d) Rasonne'ent1 La19 cted1 . ?B@ note
*
.
Ps"c+olo&"
E#$er'ental sta&e of1 . .;? note.
PalFolt+c1 . .<=1 .<@.
Ps"c+olo&"9 (7a'es)1 cted1 . ?A= note
.
.
Ps"c+olo&" of ()&&eston1 T+e19 cted1 . B* note.
Ps"c+orr+a&"
Cases of1 . .B<K?.
-a)ntn&s $er+a$s d)e to1 . =?.
(co$e of ter'1 . .B<.
P)"sU&)r1 /arE)s de1 cted1 . <A?KB1 ?;@ note
.
G 8or3 of1 .
*?@.
P)lse1 +"$notc effect on1 . <=?1 <@*.
P"t+a&oras1 cted1 . *;?KB.
X.1 $+antas' of1 ;A>K*.
1 Lad"1 drea' of1 . <*>K*;.
1 /ss /ar"1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton +eard b"1 . ?AKB>.
X)entn1 Col.1 co'')ncaton re&ardn&1 . *BBK=.
X)c+erat1 /.1 cted1 . *>*K.1 <><.
R.1 ,r.1 a$$arton of1 . ;?.
1 /lle.1 case of1 . ?;;.
1 /r.1 +all)cnaton of1 . ;A*.
1 /r. Van1 case of1 . A>1 A..
1 /rs.1 $lanc+ette 8rtn& b"1 . *B*K=1 <?=KA.
R.1 /rs. Constance1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . BA>K..
1 /ss %. E.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?@KB>.
1 /ss E. 6.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . BABK=.
1 /ss L)c"1 case of1 . ?*K;.
1 /arcelne1 case of1 . ;;*K;.
R~dber&1 %l'a1 case of1 . <@=1 ??<K?.
Radnor1 Lad"1 case recorded b"1 . <?.K;.
Ral$+1 /ss1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . ?<.1 B>; seq., B*;K*<.
Ra'ader1 ,r.1 . <@*.
Ra'sa"1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .A@K@> and note.
1 Prof.1 E)oted1 . ?.A.
Ra$$ort
E#$er'ents for1 . *A?.
!at)re of1 . .>@.
(ocrates1 case of1 . @B1 @AK@.
T+o)&+tCtransference for'erl" +eld to de$end on1 . B>>.
Varo)s o$nons on1 . ?<>.
Ra$$ort n der -"$nose1 ,er19 cted1 . ?<>.
Ra$s
Cases of1 . *B>1 *=*1 .>A1 <<@1 <?<K?1 <B*1 <=.1 <=<K=1
<@.1 ?>;K<1 ?AAK@1 ?@*1 ?@;1 ?@?.
!at)re of1 . @.1 ?;=.
Rare" 'et+od1 . *B;1 .>>.
Ra8son1 -enr" G.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*<K*@.
Ra"'ond1 ,r.1 cted1 . .@A.
Ra"nes1 ,r. (. -.1 . ;*?.
Read1 ()r&.CGenl. L. -.1 cted1 . ;**K*..
Readn& 8t+ sole of foot1 . ?>>.
Realt"1 s"'bols' and1 co'$ared1 . .==.
Rec+erc+es E#$Ur'entales19 cted1 . <@=.
Rec+erc+es P+"solo&E)es s)r l5-o''e19 cted1 . *?@ note.
Rec+erc+es s)r l5-o''e dans le (o'na'b)ls'e19 cted1 .
<A?.
Recollecton1 see /e'or".
Red l&+t1 st')laton of fac)lt" b"1 . ?A= note
.
G . @>.
Reddell1 4rances1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .BB1 .BA.
Red'ond1 /ss1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B*;.
Reed1 Le)t.CCol.1 a$$arton of1 . .??K=.
1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *=.
1 /rs.1 2son of1 . <.BK@.
Ree2es1 -enr" E.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . <BKA.
RU&s1 cted1 . <B>.
Rec+enbac+1 Baron1 cted1 . <A;.
Red1 E)oted1 . *>.
Rencarnaton (see aso Trans'&raton)1 . *;<K?1 *;@ and
note
.
.
Relatons+$ n re&ard to tele$at+"1 . .=. and note.
Rel&oCP+loso$+c 7o)rnal19 cted1 . ;B>G E)oted1 . ;A.K;1
<*;K*?G . ;;<K?1 <A@K@*.
Rel&on
%ncent (a&e (Lao TN))1 of t+e1 . .AB.
B)dd+s'1 . .AB1 .A@K@*.
C+rstant"1 . .A>K;1 .AB1 .AA1 .@<K=.
Con2erson1 see that tite .
,efnton of1 . **?G . .?=1 .A?1 ;>B.
E2ol)ton of1 . ;>B.
/aterals' concordant 8t+ 2e8 of1 as to 8llC$o8er1 .
.*A.
/et+ods of1 . ;>?.
!at)ral1 . .AB1 .@B.
Orac)lar1 . .A;.
Platonc lo2e1 relaton to1 . **?.
&ost,mortem e2dence n relaton to1 . =AK@1 *;;1 .A=1
;>A.
Post)lates of1 . **@.
Proof of $rea'ble of1 t+e tas3 of t+e (.P.R.1 . .@=.
(cenceco'$le'entar" to1 . ;;G a$$led to1 . .=?G
de2elo$ed nto1 . .A<1 .@>1 .@=G or&nall" one 8t+1
. .@B.
("nt+ess of1 $ro2sonal s3etc+ of1 1 .A<K@..
Re'nscence t+eor" of Plato1 . **=K*@.
Renter&+e'1 ,r. Van
Cted1 . <?@1 <B>1 <B.1 <B<1 <B?1 <=*.
6or3 of1 . *?B.
Re$ort of t+e Internatonal Con&ress of E#$er'ental
Ps"c+olo&" (*A@.)19 cted1 . ?BB note
.
.
Re$ort on t+e Cens)s of -all)cnatons19 see under
-all)cnatons.
Re$resson1 earl" need of1 . *=;.
Re$tles1 +"$notc e#$er'ents on1 . *B;1 <<*K..
Researc+es n ($rt)als'19 cted1 . ?<* note, ?A;.
Researc+es n t+e P+eno'ena of ($rt)als'19 cted1 . ?=@.
Restt)ton of f)ncton1 . <=BK=.
Retroco&nton
Cases of1 . .B. note.
,sc)sson of1 . **1 B@1 .B.KA.
,rea's1 n1 . ?.<.
-a)ntn&s n relaton to1 . =B.
($rt)all" &2en1 . ??>.
TelFst+etc1 . .<A.
RettU1 cted1 . A@.
Re2elaton
C2lsaton5s attt)de to8ards1 . *;?.
!at)re of1 . .A=.
Re2elatons of a ($rt /ed)'19 cted1 . ?>;.
RO2es1 Les19 cted1 . *;> note
*
, ;=> and note.
Re2)e de l5-"$nots'e9
Cted1 . *A*1 ;;* note, <<>1 <<?1 <?@KB>1 <B.1 <B<1 <B?
and notes, <BB1 <=*1 <=.1 <AB1 <@>K* and notes .K?1
<@= and note
;
1 <@A1 ?*.K*<1 ?*A1 ?BB note
*
G . **<
note.
X)oted1 . ;*=1 <??1 <?AKB>1 <B;1 <B<1 <BB1 <=*1 <=B.
Re2)e de /Udecne19 E)oted1 . *;>K*.
Re2)e des Et)des Ps"c+E)es19 E)oted1 1 ?.>.
Re2)e P+loso$+E)e9
Cted1 . =@ note, <=>1 <==1 ?*>1 ?;;G . <.;.
X)oted1 . ;..K;>1 ?>*K.1 ?.*1 ?.<K?.
Re2)e Post2e19 . *;@.
Re2)e (centfE)e19 cted1 . ;;*1 ?*.G E)oted1 . *;;K<.
Re"nolds1 /ar"1 case of1 . B.1 ;;B1 ;;A.
R+e)'ats'1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <=>.
Rbot1 E)oted1 . *>1 @>G cted1 . *;@ note
*
.
Rc+ardson1 /ss1 case re$orted b"1 . <;*K<;;.
1 /rs.1 case of1 . ;@AK@.
Rc+et1 Prof. C+arles
Case sent b"1 . .*.K*;.
Cted1 . *@?1 ?;;1 B>* noteG . @;.
E#$er'ents b"1 . ?.AG . *<<1 <.;K<.
X)oted1 . <ABK=.
6or3 of1 . *B*.
Rddell1 6.1 $lanc+ette e#$er'ents b"1 . *<BK=.
Rder1 7ane1 case of1 . ?.<.
Rfat1 cted1 . <<>.
Rn&er1 Geor&1 cted1 . <B.1 <B<1 <B?.
R2sta d (t)d Psc+c19 cted1 . B=*G E)oted1 . <<.K<.
7obert .o#e, case of t+e1 . B?<KB.
Robnet1 cted1 . <==.
Robnson1 6lla' E.1 cted1 . ?>;.
Roc+as1 ,e1 cted1 . ?>>.
Roc3n&1 so$orfc effect of1 . *B?.
Roff1 /ar"1 case of1 . ;B*KB.
Ro'ances $ossbl" s)&&ested b" dscarnate s$rts1 . *<>.
Ro'anes1 G. 7.1 case re$orted b"1 . <*@K.*.
Rose1 case of1 . <@BK=.
RoseCast+'a1 . <A;.
Rosse1 E)oted1 . ;.*.
RossCPa&non1 Prof.
Cted1 . *BA1 ?>;.
E#$er'ents b"1 . <?AKB*.
Ro)19 case of1 . .@@.
Ro8e1 7'1 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 . *??KB.
Ro"ce1 Prof.
Case attested b"1 . .=.
Case sent b"1 . <><.
Cted1 .1 ;=*K.1 B<<KB.
X)oted1 . AB.
R)'o)r1 Gree3 t+eor" of1 . .<;.
R)ssell1 Ed8n1 a$$arton of1 . <?KA.
R)ssen1 T+o'as1 care of1 . ;>@.
(.1 ,r. and /rs.1 case of1 . .<<.
1 Le)t.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B@@.
1 /ss1 $lanc+ette 8rtn& of1 . *??KB.
1 /rs.1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . BA>K..
1 Col. %. 2.1 case re$orted b"1 . ;=*K..
1 Il'a1 case of1 . *@<1 <B>1 <@?KB.
1 ,r. 7.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B.@K;..
1 /r. !. 7.1 case of1 . .<?.
(t1 case of1 . <?*K..
(acerdotals'1 . ;>@.
(afford1 Prof.1 case of1 . A>1 A..
(t. Bre)c1 case of Bs+o$ of1 cted1 . BA.
(t. Lo)s /edcal and ()r&cal 7o)rnal19 cted1 . ;*?.
(antC(aens1 cted1 . @>.
(t. T+eresa1 trances of1 . ?.
(ants1 . ?B1 **@K.>.
(al$OtrPre (c+ool of +"$nots'1 see under -"$nots'.
(a'8a"s1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B<AK@.
(and1 Geor&e1 8or3 of1 cted1 . *>?KB.
(anders1 Re2. Const. Blac3'on (0]Y_V)1 case of1 . .*=K*A1
...1 ?B.K@.
(ant"1 defnton of1 . *>..
(a)ner1 /.1 case n2est&ated b"1 . *<;.
(a)ter case1 ?*<.
(c+1 7eanne1 case of1 . ?*=K*A.
(cented secretons1 . ?.AK@.
(c+ller1 4. C. (.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . *.<1 <*AK...
(c+'d3)nN1 ,r.1 cted1 . ?;;.
(c+'oll1 %nton1 cted1 . B>* note.
(c+neller1 4rS)len1 case re$orted b"1 . <;;K<.
(c+renc3C!otNn&1 Von
Cted1 . *== note, <?@1 <B?1 <@A1 ?*;K*<1 B>* note.
-"$notc res)lts obtaned b"1 . <;A.
(c+)'ann1 E)oted1 . *>; note.
(c+)ra19 alle&ed co'')ncatons fro'1 . *=@KA..
(cence
%c+e2e'ents of1 . ;>A.
,e2elo$'ent of1 nto $+loso$+" and rel&on1 . .A<1
.@>1 .@=.
Ideals of1 . .?A.
Lan&)a&e of1 . @@.
/et+ods of1 . ;>>K*G a$$led to $s"c+olo&"1 . *K.G to
rel&on1 . .=?1 .=@KA*1 .@A.
!at)re of1 . .@?.
Rel&onco'$le'entar" to1 . ;;G defned b"1 . .=?G
de2elo$ed o)t of1 . .A<1 .@>1 .@=G or&nall" one
8t+1 . .@B.
("nt+ess of t+e :n2erse1 . .@=.
(cott1 Ca$t. ,anel1 case of drea' of1 . ;A=K@>.
1 /ss Lo)sa1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;@BK=.
1 /ss /. 6.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;@BK@.
(cr$t (see /otor a)to'ats's6rtn&).
(cr$t)re1 Prof.1 cted1 . =@ note, A>G E)oted1 . A.K<.
(cr"ers1 see Cr"stalC2son.
(earle1 /rs. Rc+ard1 a$$arton of1 . .A*1 BB?KB.
(econdar" $ersonalt"
%ccdent a ca)se of1 . B*.
,"s$e$sa1 follo8n& on1 . ;.*K..
E'otonall" selected1 . ?=.
E$le$s"1 follo8n& on1 . ;>AK*=.
E#+a)ston of 2talt" a ca)se of1 . B*.
-"$nots'1 )nder1 . ;..K;.
-"stera1 n1 . ;*=K*@.
I'$ro2e'ent on $r'ar"1 . B.K<1 ;;;.
/e'or" n1 . *.A1 . *@.G +"$notc 'e'or" analo&o)s
to1 . *=*K.G +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@BG +"$notc
sta&es rese'bln&1 . <?>.
/e'or" of1 lost to $r'ar"1 . ;;.1 ;;;1 ;;BG
not reco2ered1 . ;.>1 ;...
/e'or" of $r'ar" reco2ered n drea's d)rn&1 . ;;A.
/)lt$le# $ersonalt"1 see that tite .
Possesson t+eor" n t+e l&+t of1 . B?G . *@.1 *@A.
Pr'ar" s)$erseded b"1 . ;;*K?G 'e'or" of $r'ar"
reco2ered d)rn&1 . ;;A.
R)d'entar" for' of1 . .@@.
(lee$1 of1 . BB1 *?*K.1 *??G be&nnn& n slee$1 . ;;;1
;;B.
(o'na'b)ls' de2elo$n& nto1 . B>1 .>;1 ;>?KB.
TelFst+esa analo&o)s to $+eno'ena of1 . .?>.
(e+ern 2on Pre2orst1 ,e19 cted1 . ?=> and note.
(elfCconsco)sness1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <B=.
(elfC$roDecton1 . .?*.
(elfCs)&&eston
%nFst+esa and r&dt" $rod)ced b"1 . ?;;.
C+ar's and ncantatons as1 . ;*>.
C)rat2e $o8er of1 . ;**1 ?*;.
,rea's1 n1 . ;B@.
Increasn& '$ortance of1 . *@A.
!arcotc nfl)ence on1 . <<*.
!at)re of1 . ;**K*;.
Pan s)$$ressed b"1 . <=*.
(c+e'es of1 . *@A1 .**K*<.
(e'r)s9 control1 . *B*1 <?>1 <?<1 <?=.
(ensaton1 co'')nt" of1 . <A=1 ?<>K;.
(ense or&ans
/#ed1 t+eor" of1 . *AB note, <=@KA>.
Perce$t2e $o8er nde$endent of1 . *@*.
($ecalsaton of1 . ..<1 <=@KA>.
(enst2es1 $erce$ton of1 b" s$rts1 . .?;.
(ensblt"1 (enst2t"
Central sensor" $erce$ton1 st')laton of1 . *AAK@.1
.;<G s"'bolc c+aracter of1 . .=BG $otentalt" of1 .
<A..
Conco'tances of1 . ..<K?.
Conf)son n1 . .B@.
,r)&s and food1 to1 . <A;.
E#terorsaton of1 . ?>>K*.
-eat1 todstn&)s+ed fro' $anCsense1 . B?KBG
+"$notc effect on1 . <=?.
Internal and e#ternal c+aracter of1 . ..;.
Irre&)lart" of dstrb)ton of1 . <A..
/a&nets1 to1 . <A.K;1 <AA.
($ecalsaton of )ndfferentated1 . ..<1 <=A.
Trans$oston of senses1 . *@*K.1 ?>>K..
(ensor" a)to'ats'
Gen)s and +"$nots'1 relaton to1 . *><.
-all)cnatons1 see that tite.
-ealt+" s)bDects of1 . ..A.
/oral $reds$osn& ca)ses for1 . ..@.
/otor a)to'ats's1 co'$ared 8t+1 . ==1 **?K*BG
closel" alled 8t+1 . *>;1 ?.>.
!at)re of1 . ....
(co$e of s)bDect1 . .;K?.
($rt1 e#stence and $ersstence of1 $ro2ed b"1 . =B.
($rt)all" controlled1 . ??>.
tele$at+" a $rereE)ste of1 . .<*.
(e8el1 ,r. 7.1 . ;.*.
(e#)al $asson1 dsorders of1 c)red b" +"$nots'1 . *=BK=.
(e"bert1 -enr"1 cted1 . ?>;.
(+a&ren1 /rs.1 2son seen b"1 <.*K;.
(+ellC+earn&1 . .=?.
(+ells1 t+eor" of1 . **.
(+elle" crtcsed1 . @=.
(+oc31 catale$s"1 &c.1 nd)ced b"1 . *B;.
(+"ness1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *=A1 *=@.
(d&8c31 /rs.
Case attested b"1 . B?<.
Case n2est&ated b"1 . ;<..
Case re$orted b"1 . ?<;KB.
Cens)s of -all)cnatons1 on co''ttee of1 . ?=>.
Cted1 . <>.1 <>B1 ?@@ note / . =* note, ?>*K. and note.
CrossCe#a'naton of 8tnesses b"1 . B<>.
E#$er'ents b"1 . *=*1 *@>1 .>A1 .<>1 <?.K?1 ?;?K@.
E#$er'ents 8atc+ed b"1 . ?<=1 ??*.
X)oted1 . .A.K<1 BA.K?G . =. and note, =? and note.
(d&8c31 Prof.
Cases attested b"1 . B<@G . ;;.
Cases n2est&ated b"1 . B=AG . ;<..
Case re$orted b"1 . *..K;.
Cens)s of -all)cnatons )nder drecton of1 . ?=>.
Cted1 . *<<1 *<B1 ?@@ note / . ?>*K..
CrossCe#a'naton of 8tnesses b"1 . B<>.
E#$er'ents b"1 . <@@1 B>>.
E#$er'ents 8atc+ed b"1 . ?<=.
Presdenc" of (.P.R. frst +eld b"1 . ..<.
(ds1 ,r. Bors1 cted1 . B* and note.
(&+t1 see Vs)al fac)lt".
(lent 8lln&1 . .>A1 ?;@K<>.
('$son1 %nne1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;<A.
(nclar1 B. 4.1 a$$arton of1 1 B@=KA.
(3ae1 ,r. ,a2d1 case re$orted b"1 . ;.*K..
(3eat1 Prof.1 cted1 . .;>.
(3lton1 7. 6.1 case of1 . ?=*K..
(3r2n&1 %le#ander1 case of1 . **<1 <*?K*B.
(lee$ (see aso ,rea')
%nato'" of (lee$19 cted1 . ;<A.
Brea3 n seres of $s"c+olo&cal c+an&es $ossbl" at t+e
$ont of1 . ;@.
Gen)s co'$ared 8t+1 . *;?.
-"$erFst+esa of1 . *.<K?1 ;B@.
-"$nots'1 a de2elo$ed for' of1 . @>1 .>.G contrasted
8t+1 . *=>1 *=.G a$$led to1 restrctn& ca)ses of
8a3n&1 . *@B.
Incantaton co'$ared to1 b" s$rts1 . .?<.
/a#')' of1 not dsco2ered1 . *?..
/entaton d)rn&1 . A@K@>.
!at)re of1 . *..1 *?>1 ..*.
Preac+n& d)rn&1 . ?*@ and notes.
Rec)$erat2e $o8er of1 . *.;1 *.B1 *?>1 .>.G . A*.
Re2erson and $re2erson n1 . .*.
Roc3n& to nd)ce1 . *B?.
(econdar" $ersonalt" of1 . BBG be&nnn& n1 . ;;;1 ;;B.
(elfC$roDecton d)rn&1 . .@?.
(o'na'b)ls'1 relaton to1 . *.;.
()bl'nal self act2e n1 . *??1 ..>K*G . A*.
Trance re$lacn&1 . ;?;.
Tra2elln& clar2o"ance n1 . *@;.
(lee$C8a3n&1 see (o'na'b)ls'1
('ell1 sense of
%nalo&" fro'1 . A? note
*
.
,2sblt" of1 t+eoretcall" $ossble1 . <A<.
-all)cnaton of1 . ?*K.1 ABK=.
-"$erFst+esa of1 . <*<.
/otor n+bton $ossbl" d)e to1 . *>=1 *>@.
Transference of1 . B*;.
('t+1 /lle.1 case of1 . ?>;.
1 /rs.1 drea' of1 . <*BK*=.
1 G. %.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . <?*K?1 <@@1 ?;<K<*1 ?<=K?;1
?=AKA<.
1 Geor&e /an1 tableCtltn& e#$er'ents b"1 . *<<1 <.?KB.
1 -. %rt+)r1 $lanc+ette e#$erences of1 . *.>K..
1 -. Babbn&ton1 cted1 . *BA1 <?AKB>.
1 -UlPne1 /lle.1 case of1 . *;*K<<G case cted1 . ;>?G . @?
note, .;>.
1 /rs. 7. P.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;<.K;<;.
1 7. 6.1 cted1 . B>* note.
('o3n&1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <B;K<.
('"t+1 (bbe (n;e To8ns)1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B.K;.
(ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+
4o)ndn& of1 . A note
*
G . ..<.
4)ncton of1 . .@.K;>=.
/et+ods of1 . =KA.
Test letters to be sent to1 s)&&estons re&ardn&1 . <@@.
(ocrates
Clar2o"ance of1 . *<*.
,F'on of1 . *>AG . @?K*>>1 *>;.
Vson of1 . .=;K<.
(o&enannte -"$nose der Tere1 ,e19 cted1 . <<..
(olo2"off1 V. (.1 cted1 . ?>..
(o'e %cco)nt of t+e Va'$res of Onset19 cted1 . ?>;.
(o''el et les RO2es1 Les19 cted1 . *;..
(o'na'b)ls'
%ccdents rare n1 . *@A.
%nalo&" fro'1 for post,mortem co'')ncatons1 . B.
Cases of1 . .><K?1 ?*@K.>.
,seases $rescrbed for d)rn&1 . ?.>.
Gen)s co'$ared 8t+1 . *.<.
-"$notc trance of 8der ran&e t+an1 . *=A1 *@;G
co'$ared 8t+1 . *@A.
-"stera co'$ared 8t+1 . ...
!at)re of1 . .>;.
P+obe of1 . <B=.
Preco&nton n1 . .><.
(econdar" $ersonalt" startn& fro'1 . ;>?KB.
(elfCabsor$ton n1 . .>..
(lee$1 relaton to1 . *.;.
(o'na'b)ls'e Pro2oE)U1 Le19 cted1 . <=B1 <@* note
*
1 ?>.
note
.
.
(o'nols' and Ps"c+es'19 cted1 . ??B.
(Tr&el1 case of1 . ;>AK@.
(o)l1 see ($rt.
(o)ndCseers1 . ..<K?.
($ace
Ecstas" not necessarl" n2ol2n& c+an&e of1 . .?@.
Inter'edate conce$ton of1 . .;*.
($rt co&nNance of1 . .;*G . .?..
($rt)al $+eno'ena n relaton to1 . ;>.
tele$at+"1 relaton to1 . ;>1 .=<K?.
($aldn&1 /ss %&nes1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;==KA>.
($eec+
-"sterc dst)rbances of1 . ?;1 B?.
L'tatons of1 . @A1 *>>.
Reco2er" of1 b" s)&&eston1 . <=B.
($eer1 C+arlton1 cted1 . ..= note.
1 ,r. (tan+o$e Te'$le'an1 obser2atons of1 . ;.G . ?<*G
E)alfcatons of1 as a 8tness1 . ?A<K?.
1 /rs. (tan+o$e1 . ..= note, .;*1 ?*?1 ?A;K?.
($rt
E#stence of1 $ost)lated1 . =<1 **@1 *?*1 .*=K*@1 .;*1
.?*G $ro2ed b" sensor" a)to'ats's1 1 =B.
La8s of 'atter an ncdental case of la8s of1 . <AA.
/ateral or&ans's controlled b"1 . .*=G . .><K?1 ?.*K
.1 ?<?G as 2e8ed b"1 . ?<?.
Persstence of1 ad'ssble of $roof1 . =@G $ro2ed b"
sensor" a)to'ats's1 . =B.
($rtCdra8n&s1 s"'bolc c+aracter of1 . *>>.
($rt ,ra8n&s19 cted1 . *>>G E)oted1 . <>>K*.
($rtC+ealn&1 t+eor" of1 . .*.1 .*;.
($rt Identt"19 cted1 . *B=1 ..?1 ?A;1 ?@.K<.
($rtCl&+ts1 . ?<*.
($rtC$ossesson1 see Possesson.
($rtCra$$n&1 see Ra$s.
($rt (lateC8rtn& and Rndred P+eno'ena19 cted1 . ?>;.
($rt Teac+n&s9
Cted1 . ..<1 ..= note, ..A1 ??;1 ?A;.
Preface E)oted1 . ?AAK@*.
($rts1 dse'boded1 see dscarnate s$rts.
($rt)al en2ron'ent1 . @?KB1 .*?K*@.
($rt)al /a&aNne19 E)oted1 . B?BK=.
($rt)als'
Boo3s on (see aso ($rt Teac+n&s9)1 . .>= and note,
?>;1 ?<* note, ???1 ?=@1 ?A;.
4ra)d n connecton 8t+1 . .>BK= and note.
-o'e1 ,. ,.1 case of1 1 ..*K;.
/et+ods of1 . =G . ;><K?.
/oses1 Re2. 6. (.1 case of1 . ..;K;=.
P+eno'ena of1 . @.K;.
P$er1 /rs.1 case of1 . .;=K?B.
P)l$t attac3s on1 . *;;K<.
()$$ort of1 b" s)bl'nal self t+eor"1 . *B.
($rt)als'eJ 4ats C)re)#19 cted1 . <<>.
($rt)alst19 E)oted1 . B?<K?.
(E)res1 /r.1 case of1 . *;=.
1 7esse L.1 drea' of1 . ;=@KA*.
(E)rrell1 ElNabet+1 case of1 . ?.>1 ?.;K<.
(tac31 7. -.1 cted1 . ?>*.
(ta&eCfr&+t1 +"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@?.
(tarc31 Le)t.CCol. !.1 co'')ncatons to1 . <=AKA>.
(tat)2ols'19 cted1 . *B>1 <A?1 ?>>G E)oted1 . ???KB.
(tealn&1 see Rle$to'ana.
(teel1 /r.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B>; seq.
(te2ens1 ,r. E. 6.1 cted1 . ;;AG E)oted1 . ;B>K?.
(te2enson1 7.1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . .=<.
1 R. L.1 drea's of1 . @*1 *.B1 ;>;G . *<<G
delro)s ll)sons of1 . ;>>K;.
(te8art1 /ss1 $+antas' of1 . ;==KA>.
1 Prof. Balfo)r1 e#$er'ents b"1 . B>>.
1 ,a2d1 case sent b"1 . ;B..
(t&'atsaton1 . *AA1 <@.K?1 <@=G . ?*;K*<1 ?.=.
(t')lants1 '$)lse to1 c)red b" +"$nots'1 . *=B.
(t')l)s and c+ec3 n ed)caton and +"$nots'1 . *=;K?.
(tocs'1 . .*..
(tone1 /rs.1 a$$artons of1 . B<AK@.
(tora d )n Caso d5Isters'o con (o&naNone ($ontanea19
cted1 . ?>> note, ?.>.
(tore1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . *<<K=G case of1 cted1 . .A<G
. *AK*@1 <.1 ?..
(tra''1 /lle. (/'e. Ra&orodoff)1 co'')ncatons to1 .
*=>K*1 <BBK=*.
(t)bbn&1 /rs.1 drea' of1 . <*?.
(t)c3enbor&1 /rs.1 case of1 . <@?.
(t)den qber -"stere19 cted1 . ?*1 .@@.
(t)des n Ps"c+cal Researc+19 cted1 . .;> note, ?>.K;.
(t)d" of 4ears19 cted1 . <* note.
(t)$or attont)s1 . *B;.
(t)r&s1 ,r. R)ssell1 cted1 . <> note.
()bconscent c+eN les %rtstes1 les (a2ants1 et les Ecr2ans1
Le19 E)oted1 . A@.
()bl'nal1 defnton of ter'1 . *<.
()bl'nal (elf or :nconsco)s Cerebraton19 cted1 . *. note
.
.
()bstt)tons of fac)lt"1 . <==.
()ddc31 ,r. (. T.1 case recorded b"1 . <A@K@;.
()&&eston (see aso -"$nots')
C)res effected b"1 . B@.
PreCconce$t)al1 . ?<;K<.
PreCnatal1 . <??KAG . ?*?K*B.
(elfCs)&&eston started b"1 . *?<.
()&&eston -"$notE)e dans ses Ra$$orts a2ec le ,rot C2l
et le ,rot Cr'nel1 La19 cted1 . ?*;.
()&&estonsCT+era$e be 3ran3+aften Ersc+en)n&en des
Gesc+lec+tsCLebens1 ,e19 cted1 . *== note.
()&&estonsCT+era$e be 3ran3+aften Ersc+en)n&en des
Gesc+lec+tssnnes1 ,e19 cted1 . <?@.
()cde1 $+anto's n connecton 8t+1 . .=*K..
()''erbell1 /ss L. ,.1 $lanc+ette e#$er'ents b"1 . *<?KB.
()nCcrcles1 . ?=>.
()$ernor'al
%bnor'al contrasted 8t+1 . A?.
,efnton of ter'1 . ? note.
()$er2son b" s)bl'nal self1 . <?.
()$$lcaton1 defnton of1 . ;*>.
()r&cal o$eratons )nder +"$nots'1 . *B>.
()rn1 PPre1 case of1 cted1 . ;><.
()r22al
%&nostcs' re&ardn&1 . *G . .@BK=1 ;>=.
Proof ofconce2able1 . =@G f)rns+ed b" sensor"
a)to'ats's1 . =B.
()tton1 /rs.1 co'')ncatons to1 . .<?K=.
(8edenbor&1 E''an)el
Case of1 . ?G . *@*1 .*AK.>1 ?B@K=>.
Cted1 . ;>A.
Co'')ncatons fro'1 . ?@B.
("coss 'ent1 c)re of1 b" s)&&eston1 . <=..
("'bols'
%rt1 n1 . *>*.
Co'')ncaton b" 'eans of1 . *>>K*.
Realt" co'$ared 8t+1 . .==.
TelFst+etc 2son1 n1 . .=BK=.
("'$os)'19 E)oted1 . **;K*?.
("nFst+esa1 . ..<K?1 .=@G . .=>.
("nt+etc (ocet"1 T+e1 $a$er read before1 . .A= note.
("rn&o'"elts1 anFst+esa of1 . <<.
T. (,)fo)rs5 $atent)1 case of1 . ?*A.
1 /r.1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . <?;K?1 ?<=K?*1 ?=@KA;.
1 /rs.1 case of1 . *<AK?>G . ;<.
Tabes dorsals1 . <<.
TableCtltn&1 . @.K<1 *<<1 *?>K;1 *?BK@1 .>=1 .<A note, <.;K
B1 <==1 <A@K@*.
TableCt)rnn&1 . @.K<G boo3s on1 . ???.
Tabo)r1 /rs.1 case re$orted b"1 . <.*K;.
Tactle sensblt"1 a 'otor n+bton $ossbl" d)e to1 . **>K
**.
Tane1 cted1 . *.=.
Tat1 6lla' 7.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . BA;K?.
Tand"1 Re2. G. /.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ?BK=.
Taste
Colo)red1 . ?BB note
*
.
Co'')nt" of1 . ?<*K..
(t')laton of1 n +"stera b" red l&+t1 . ?A= note
.
.
Transference of1 . B*;.
Ta)nton1 /rs.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .A*1 BBBK=.
Ta"lor1 Col. G. L. le /.1 e#$er'ents b"1 . ?@AK@.
Teale1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 . <@* note
<
.
/rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *A.
TelFst+esa
Case of1 . ***K*<G 8+ere a&ent retans 'e'or" of
crc)'stance1 . .=@KABG 8+ere a&ent and $erc$ent
retan 'e'or" of crc)'stance1 . .@*G 8+ere onl"
$erc$ent retans 'e'or" of crc)'stance1 . .ABK@*G
8+ere 3no8led&e not s)$ral'nall" re'e'bered1 .
.=>K?.
Cr"stalC2son and s+ellC+earn&1 n1 . .=?.
,rea'1 n1 . .=?.
E#cte'ent1 scenes of1 attractn& clar2o"ant1 . .=@1 .A*.
Gen)s1 relaton to1 . *>A.
-"$erFst+esa'er&n& nto1 . *@*K.1 .=?G . .B<G
$ossbl" t+e e#$lanaton of so'e a$$arent cases of1 .
.=>.
I'$lcatons of1 . .=<.
LotCdra8n&1 n1 . B=*.
/et+ods of1 . .=?.
Rec$rocal1 . .@*KB.
Retroco&nt2e1 . ;*G . .<A.
(co$e of ter'1 . *;B.
(o'na'b)ls'1 n1 . .><.
($ace and t'e $roble's of1 . *;=.
($rt)all" &)ded1 . ??*.
($lt $ersonalt" $+eno'ena analo&o)s to1 . .?>.
(8edenbor&1 of1 see (8edenbor&.
("'bolc c+aracter of 2sons n1 . .=BK=.
tele$at+"co'$ared 8t+1 . ***G n relaton to1 . .<B1
.=AG so'et'es ndstn&)s+able fro'1 . ?*A.
Terrene e2ol)ton not acco)ntable for1 . **A.
T'eCrelatons n1 . .=B1 .A.1 .A<1 .A?.
:ncertant" of e#$er'ent n1 . .@. and note.
Tele3ness (see aso Ra$s)
Boo3s on1 . ??<.
Cases of1 . ?>;K<.
,rect 8rtn&1 . ?;?KB1 ?<A.
Ener&" n1 . ?.@K;>1 ?;?.
E#$er'ents n1 . *@=.
-"$erbo)la1 relaton to1 . ?...
-o'e1 case of1 see -o'e.
/essa&es acco'$aned b"1 . *=*1 *A=.
/oses1 6. (.1 case of1 see /oses.
!at)re of1 . **B1 .>?1 .>=KA.
P+eno'ena of1 . ?<?KA.
Teleolo&cal a)to'ats's1 . *;.1 *<>K*.
tele$at+"
%&enc"1 Dont1 n1 . B*.K*;G
E)eston of a&enc" n deat+ $+antas's1 . ;<?.
%nFst+esa and r&dt"1 8+et+er $rod)ced b"1 . ?;?K@.
%n'als1 bet8een1 $ossblt" of1 . .<B note /
fro'1 . B;<KB.
Bran not necessar" to trans'sson of1 . *@?KB.
Cases of1 . ?<=K?;1 B>>K;<1 B<@KB=1 B=.K=>>G . *<<K
?;1 <?>.
Clar2o"ant 2sons n1 . *@=.
Collect2e1 . .<B1 .<A.
Cr"stalC2son n relaton to1 . .;A.
dscarnate s$rts1 fro'1 . .<B1 .<AG . *<.K;.
,stance1 fro'1 . B*>K;<.
,rea' e2ncn&1 . *<=.
Et+eral trans'sson of1 . *@?.
E2dence for1 crtcs' of1 . B;BK<B.
E2ol)t2e nat)re of1 . A? and note
*
.
E#$anson of dea of1 . .A*K..
E#$er'ents n (earl")1 . .<;.
4lo)rno" on1 . *<*.
Gen)s1 relaton to1 . *>A.
G+osts n relaton to1 . .?.
Gra2taton1 la8 of1 analo&o)s to1 . ;A.
-"$erFst+esa 'er&n& nto1 . ?*=.
-"$noss nd)ced b"1 . .>=1 .>@1 <A<1 ?=>G $rod)ct2e
of1 . .*>G . A.
I'$lcatons of1 . .=<.
I'$ortance of la8 of1 . @?KBG . .?A.
InadeE)ac" of ter'1 . *;B.
Inter'edate $oston of1 . .;*.
2aaise ca)sed b"1 . *><.
/ental +abts n relaton to1 . ?@AKB>>.
/essa&es b"1 e#$er'ents n1 cted1 . B.@K;..
/nd to 'nd t+eor" of1 )ntenable n cases of $ossesson1
. *@B.
/#ed1 . .?>.
/odfcaton of $ct)res b" $erc$ent1 . .<?.
!at)re of1 . ?.*K..
P+n)t control n t+e l&+t of1 . B>BK=.
Possesson an e#tre'e case of1 . *@<K?.
Pra"er n relaton to1 . ;>B.
Pres)'$t2e e2dence for1 . .<*K..
Pre2alent as la8 n s$rt)al as 8ell as 'ateral 8orld1 .
.B.
Pro#'t" n relaton to1 . .<<.
Ps"c+cal n2ason $er+a$s ndstn&)s+able fro'1 n
'otor a)to'ats'1 . *AB.
Rec$rocal1 . .<A.
(a2a&es1 freE)ent a'on&1 . A? note
*
.
(co$e of ter'1 . *;B.
(elfC$roDecton n1 . .?*.
(ensor" a)to'ats'1 $rereE)ste of1 . .<*.
(o'na'b)ls'1 n1 . .><.
($atal ln3 n1 . .=<K?.
($ontanet" of1 . *<@.
TelFst+esa co'$ared 8t+1 . ***G n relaton to1 . .<B1
.=AG so'et'es ndstn&)s+able fro'1 1 ?*A.
Teler&" correlat2e to1 . *@=.
Terrene e2ol)ton not acco)ntable for1 . **A.
T+reefold classfcaton of1 . A.
T8ns+$ n relaton to1 . .=. and note.
Varablt" of1 . *<@.
Teler&"1 . *@=1 .><1 ?..1 ?.B.
Te'$erat)re
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . <@* and note
<
.
PanCsense dstn&)s+ed fro' sense of1 . B?KB.
Tenn"son E)oted1 . .=B.
Terrors
%&ora$+oba1 . <..
-"steroCe$le$tc attac3s1 n1 . ;.AK@.
-"$notc effect on1 . .@@.
Instnct2e1 . <*.
Terr"1 Etta1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . <A?KB.
Tertar" $ersonalt"1 . ;.<K;*.
Test of post,mortem dentt"1 . <@@.
Teste1 ,r. %l$+onse1 cted1 . <A?1 ?.>.
T+ac+1 ,r. 6. T.1 E)oted1 . ?B<1 ?BB.
T+a'es T)nnel accdent1 drea' of1 . .A>K*.
T+a81 ,r. %. Blar1 cted1 . B>* note.
1 /ar&aret and R)t+e1 co'')ncatons fro'1 . B.*K..
T+eobald1 /orell1 E)oted1 . ;.@K;*.
T+eolo&"1 dscarnate s$rts5 'essa&es not concerned 8t+1 .
=AK@1 *;;1 .A=1 ;>A.
T+eor" of -eat9 cted1 . ?;> note.
T+eoso$+cal (ocet"1 nE)r" re&ardn&1 . ?>*K..
T+Ura$e)tE)e ()&&est2e19 E)oted1 . <=<.
T+er'al sensblt"dstn&)s+ed fro' $anCsense1 . B?KBG
+"$notc effect on1 . <=?. T+o'$son1 /rs.1 case of1 . .@.
T+o'son1 /ss Et+el1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B@<K?.
1 -. (.1 case of 'es'erc effcac" of1 . .>A1 ;>@1 <<.K;.
1 Isaac C1 co'')ncatons to1 . .<*.
T+ornton1 %bra+a'1 tele$at+c case n re&ard to1 . BB*.
T+or$e1 Co)rtena"1 a$$arton of1 . .A*1 BB;K?.
T+o)&+tCtransference1 see tele$at+".
T+o)let1 Prof.1 case of1 . .*.K*;1 .*=1 .B. note.
T+)r"1 Prof.1 cted1 . ???.
Tic convusi$, +"$notc c)re of1 . <B>.
Tic dououreu0, +"$notc c)re of1 . <=>.
T'e
Calc)laton of1 n2ol2ed n $ostC+"$notc s)&&estons1 .
?>.K*>.
Cr"stalC2sons1 n1 . .<B.
-all)cnaton of1 . ?<.
-a)ntn&s n relaton to1 . =B.
Preco&nton1 see that tite .
Retroco&nton1 see that tite.
($rt co&nsance of1 . .?..
($rt)al $+eno'ena n relaton to1 . ;*.
()bl'nal sense of1 . A?KB.
TelFst+esa1 n1 . .=B1 .A.1 .A<1 .A?.
T''n1 /aran1 case of1 cted1 . .;>.
TssU1 ,r.1 case of $atent of1 . *.@K;>1 ;=>.
TobaccoCs'o3n&1 +"$notc c)re of1 . <B;K<B<.
TolosaCLato)r1 ,r.1 e#$er'ent b"1 . ?;;.
To)rette1 Glles de la1 cted1 . ?*<G . <...
To)t1 -ll1 case of1 cted1 . *;;.
To8ns1 Ca$t.1 a$$arton of1 . B.K;.
To8ns+end1 Re2. C. -.1 cted1 . ?<;.
Trad)canst T+eor"1 . .BBK=.
Trance
Bertrand1 Re2. L. 7.1 case of1 . ;..K;.
Brea3 n seres of $s"c+olo&cal c+an&es $ossbl" at t+e
$ont of1 . ;@.
,eat+ condtons of co'')ncatn& s$rt re$rod)ced n1
. ..>.
-o'e1 ,. ,.1 case of1 . ..*K;.
Rnds of1 . *@*1 .><.
L)'nost" n1 . ?*?.
/oses1 6. (.1 case of1 . ..BK=.
!at)re of1 . *@BKA1 .>?1 ?.<.
P$er1 /rs.1 case of1 . .;=K?B.
(3lton1 7. 6.1 case of1 . ?=*K..
(lee$ re$laced b"1 . ;?;G rese'bled b"1 . *@;.
(8edenbor&1 of1 see (8edenbor&.
T+ree 'an t"$es of1 . .*=.
Var"n& E)alt" of1 . .;@.
6ltse1 ,r.1 case of1 . ;*?K...
TranceCs$ea3ers1 $rofessonal1 selfC+"$notsaton of1 . *@?.
Transactons of t+e Colle&e of ()r&eons of P+ladel$+a19
E)oted1 . ;;B.
Trans'&raton (see aso Rencarnaton)1 . .B=.
Trans$oston of senses1 . *@*K.1 ?>>K..
Tra2ers1 T+o'as (-o8ells)1 case of1 . *<@K?;.
Trb)ne /Udcale19 E)oted1 . ?;>.
Tro8brd&e1 ,r. G. R.1 cted1 . ;>@.
Tr)esdell1 7o+n 6.1 cted1 . ?>;.
T)c3e"1 Llo"d1 cted1 . <B..
T)dor1 6lla'1 drea' of1 . ;@@K<>>.
T)'o)rs1 analo&" fro'1 for id;es $i0es, . <>.
T8ns+$ n relaton to tele$at+"1 . .=. and note.
T"re1 /ss L.1 a$$arton seen b"1 . ;B>K*.
:eber de Tr)&8a+rne+')n&19 cted1 . B<? note
.
.
:nconsco)s cerebraton t+eor"1 . ?*@ note.
:nconsco)s s')laton1 . <==.
:nder8ood1 B. 4.1 co'')ncatons to1 . <B.KB.
1 /rs.1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . *BA1 <B* and note
.
<BB.
:nfor't" of 'ateral !at)re1 . ;>>K*.
:nt"
Consco)sness1 of1 drea's s)b2ers2e of1 . ?A.
Cos'c1 . .@A.
-)'an1 . .A.1 .A=1 ;>;.
:rban Grander et les PossUdUes de Lo)d)n19 cted1 . <.;
note.
:rbantsc+sc+1 cted1 . ?A= note
.
.
:se of +"$nots' n t+e 4rst ,e&ree1 T+e19 cted1 . <> note,
:seless1 antCscentfc nat)re of ter'1 . *?>.
V.1 /rs.1 a$$artons seen b"1 . .BK=1 ;;.K;.
1 /rs.1 $lanc+ette 8rtn& b"1 . *B*K.G s$rt reference to1 .
<?=.
Val)e of +)'an ben&1 test of1 . *;..
Vane1 Lad"1 case re$orted b"1 . <;AK<>.
Vars1 C+rs.1 $ro$+ec" re&ardn&1 . <A@K@;.
Varle"1 Cro'8ell 4.1 case re$orted b"1 . B?<.
VasoC'otor s"ste'
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *A=KA1 *@*1 <@>K?.
tele$at+c nfl)ence on1 . *>;K<.
Va)&+an1 Re2. Ed8ard T.1 case recorded b"1 . ?><K?.
Venn)'1 /ar" L)ranc" (6atse3a 6onder9)1 case of1 . ;B>K
A.
Venter1 /rs. (/ss /abel 7enness)1 drea' of1 . <.;K<.
Vert" fa'l"1 a$$arton seen b"1 . .@.KB.
Verrall1 /rs.
Case of cr"stalC2sons of1 . .;A1 ?A<KB.
E#$er'ents b"1 . ?=A.
/otor n+bton of1 . *>?1 *<>1 .BA1 <*>.
/)scal drea' of1 . *.B. X)oted1 . ?B@K=>.
Ver8orn1 cted1 . <<..
Vesc1 Lad" de1 case of1 . *><1 <>@K*>.
Vescaton1 +"$notc $rod)cton of1 . *AA1 *@;K<1 <@;K@.
Vesllo ($rtsta19 E)oted1 . <A>K..
Vbratons
-)'an or&ans' a co'$le# of1 . AA.
tele$at+" n relaton to1 . .<?KBG . *<*.
Vcars1 /rs. G. Ra"le&+ (/ss Edt+ /a)&+an)1 a$$artons of1
. B?;K<1 B@;K?.
Volence1 tendenc" to1 c)red b" +"$nots'1 . *=B.
Vr&l1 cted1 . *.<.
Vs 'edcatr# !at)rF1 . .*B.
Vs)al fac)lt"
%fterC'a&es1 . ..?.
Ento$tc1 . ..?.
Et+eral en2ron'ent ass)'ed for1 . .@A.
Gen)s1 of1 . ..=
-all)cnatons n2ol2n&1 stron&er e2dentall" t+an t+ose
n2ol2n& a)dtor"1 . .?< note.
-all)cnator" f&)res be+nd +'self seen b" $erc$ent1
. .A*.
-"$na&o&c $ct)res1 n1 . *.?.
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *A<K?1 <=?K@.
-"sterc effect on1 . <=1 ;?;.
I'a&natonC'a&es1 . ..BK=.
In8ard1 . *>;G . ;>>G '$erfect coordnaton of n8ard
8t+ o)t8ard1 . .==1 .A*.
/e'or"C'a&es1 . ..B.
!onCo$tcal1 . ..;K<1 ..@1 .B<.
Ot+er '$ressons e#$ressed b" 'eans of1 . ?=>.
($ecalsaton of1 . ..<.
(t')laton of1 b" t)nn&Cfor31 . ?A= note
.
.
T+eoretcal $ossbltes of1 . .;>1 .;*.
Trans$oston of1 . ?>>K..
Vsons
Clar2o"ant1 . *;=1 *;@1 *<;G . <<*.
Consolator"1 . .B1 ;=<.
Cr"stal1 see Cr"stalC2son.
('t+1 -UlPne1 case of1 . *<.K;.
Vtal P+eno'ena1 sc+e'e of1 . ?>?K?<.
Vla2anos1 ,r.1 case re$orted b"1 . <B>G cted1 . <B.1 <B<.
V2U1 Lo)s1 case of1 . B.K<1 *@;K<1 ;;AK<;1 <A.1 <@=.
Vosn1 ,r. %)&)ste
Cases of $atents of1 . *.@1 <B;1 ?*=K*A.
Cted1 . <?@1 <B>1 <B..
/et+ods of1 . B?1 *=. note, <<>K*.
1 ,r. 7)les1 . ;;@G cted1 . ;;@ note.
Voltare1 &en)s of1 . =?.
6.1 /aDor1 a$$arton seen b"1 . B?=KA.
1 /ss1 case of1 cted1 . ;*.
1 /ss1 co'')ncatons to1 . .<*.
1 /ss1 +all)cnaton of1 . ;=;K<.
1 /ss (Re2. %. Bella'"5s case)1 $+antas' of1 . ;?>K*.
1 /r.1 a$$arton of1 . BBBK=.
1 /r.1 e#$er'ents 8t+1 . ?<=1 ??*.
1 /r.1 +all)cnaton of1 . **>K**G a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 .
*=.KA1 .B. note, <A=K@.
1 /ss E. G.1 case recorded b"1 . B...
1 ElNa1 a)dtor" +all)cnaton of1 . =>K*.
1 7. -.1 drea' of1 . <*@K.*.
6s1 case of1 . ?>;K<.
6at1 /ars+all1 case of1 . *>@.
6a3le"1 cted1 . <A@.
6alde&ra2e1 Lad"1 case of 'ad of1 . .BBK.BA.
6al3er1 /rs. 7.1 tc3n& of letter to1 . ;B?K;B=.
6allace1 %lfred R)ssel1 cted1 . B and note, *?.
6a'b"1 /r.1 case of1 cted1 . B*1 ;B..
6arb)rton1 Canon1 case of1 . *;=KA1 .A=.
6arlo'ont1 ,r.1 . <@.K;.
6arton5s En&ls+ Poetr"19 cted1 . .;>.
6ater
/es'ersed1 . <A<.
R)nnn&1 'et+od of fndn&1 . <A>K*.
6atse3a 6onder19 case of1 . B?1 ;;A1 ;B>KA.
6att1 nternal 2s)alsaton of1 . ..B.
6atts1 %nna /ar" -o8tt1 cted1 . ?=> note.
1 7. -)nter1 drea' of1 . *;=1 .=@1 ;A*K;A..
6ed&8ood1 -ensle&+1 a)to'atc 8rtn& b"1 . *B*K=1 .>=1
<?=KA.
6e&+t1 s)bl'nal sense of1 . A?1 A=.
6elln&ton1 /r.1 2son of1 . <.<KB.
6ells1 e#$er'ents on1 . ?;<1 ?<>.
6endell1 Prof. Barrett1 cted1 . ..>.
6eser'ann1 -. /.1 e#$er'ents of1 . B@AK=>>G . ;>.
6est1 /rs.1 case of1 . .AB1 ;@<K?.
6estob"1 4ann"19 case of1 . .;>1 ?@=KA.
6etterstrand1 ,r. Otto
Cted1 . *..1 <B.1 <B<1 <B?1 ?;;.
-"$notc res)lts obtaned b"1 . <;AK@.
6+at s -"$nots'W9 E)oted1 . *BB.
6+atel"1 %rc+b$.1 case of1 . A>1 A..
6+eatcroft1 /rs.1 case of1 cted1 . *A.
6+$$le1 G. /.1 cted1 . ?B=.
6+te1 /ss ()se !c3erson1 case of1 . ??@KB>.
6+te 8ebs1 2son of1 . ?@;.
6+tta3er1 -enderson1 a$$arton of1 . BB@KB=>.
6esler1 /rs. %. 2on1 case of1 . *=AKA..
6lco#1 ,r.1 cted1 . ;?<.
6l3e1 /rs.1 drea' of1 . ;A.K?.
1 7o+n E.1 case of1 . .*<K*=.
6l3nson1 6. /.1 . *>>G . @< note, <>>K*1 ?=@.
6ll
Co'$le# obedence to1 . ?**.
E#tenson of $o8er of1 nto t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 . ?<.K;1
??<.
-"$notc nfl)ence on1 . *@.1 *@BKA1 .>A.
Possbltes of1 . ?.*K.1 ?<.K;.
(elfC$roDecton effected b"1 . .@B.
(lent 8lln&1 . .>A1 ?;@K<>.
6lla's1 Re2. T+o'as Loc3"er1 a$$artons of1 . .B<1 B<BKA.
6lln& &a'e1 t+e1 . ?;@1 B>>.
6lln&ton /ll case cted1 . ;@@.
6lls1 ,r. 7. L. /.1 cted1 . <;B.
6l'ot1 /rs.1 a$$arton of1 . .;.1 BA.K?.
6lson1 %rc+deacon1 case of1 cted1 . *A.
1 ,r. %lbert1 case re$orted b"1 . *=* note.
1 T+o'as (B$. of (odor and /an)1 co'')ncatons
re&ardn&1 . .;>.
6ltse1 ,r. %. (.
Pre'ontor" 2sons of1 . BBAK=*.
Trance 2son of1 . *@;1 ;*?K..1 ?.?.
6ndt1 -arr" de1 case of1 . <??KB.
6n&feld1 4rederc31 drea' of1 . <.@K;* and note
*
.
1 -. E.1 . <==.
1 ,r. -)&+1 +"$notc res)lts obtaned b"1 . *BA1 *A@1 <;A1
<;@1 <<?K=.
6nsor1 /ss %nna1 case of1 . ;?<KB>G case cted1 . B<1 ?.>G .
*AB1 .*A1 .B. note.
6tc+craft1 . <1 *=*1 B;BK=.
6tt&ensten1 Prnce E'le 2on1 co'')ncaton to1 . <@<K?.
6tt'ann1 Blanc+e1 case of1 . ;;*1 <<=KA.
6ood1 %. B.1 case re$orted b"1 . .A..
6oodd 3noc3n&s1 . <==.
6ords8ort+1 cted1 . *><1 *>@K**G . *;@.
6rtn&1 drect1 . ?;?KB1 ?<A (see aso under /otor
a)to'ats').
6qnc+er1 -err1 2son of1 . <;;K<.
6)ndt1 cted1 . BB= note
*
.
6"'an1 6lla' -.1 case of1 . *>BK=.
6"nne1 Ca$t.1 cted1 . ?A* note
*
.
0.1 ,r.1 case re$orted b"1 . *.<K;>.
1 /'e.1 case of1 . *.?K;>1 .*>1 ?>;.
1 /'e. (,r. C)llerre5s $atent)1 case of . <=B.
1 /'e. (,r. Bo)rdon5s $atent)1 case of . ?*AK*@.
1 /r.1 case of1 . <B;K<.
1 /rs.1 case of1 . *=;K<.
1 E'le1 case of1 . ;*=K*A.
1 4Ulda1 case of1 . B.1 B<1 ;;;K?G . *@A.
0]Y_V19 case1 . .*=K*A1 ...1 ?B.K@.
0eno$+on1 E)oted1 . @B.
Y.1 /rs.1 case of1 . <?BKA.
Yo8ano2tc+1 /.1 case of1 . ?B?KB.
V.1 ,r.1 case of1 . *.?K;>.
1 -on.1 case of1 . <<?.
1 Lad"1 drea's of1 . <>BKA.
1 Lord1 case of deat+ of1 . B>1 ;B=K@.
1 /rs.1 $+antas' of1 . ;;@.
1 %l'a1 case of1 . B;K<.
Seitgeist t+eor"1 . *.> and note, *;<1 .?=.
Vetsc+rft fqr -"$nots')s19 cted1 . *B> note
*
1 <@A.
Vost9
Cted1 . *;<1 *B;1 .>=1 .>A1 .=B1 ;>@1 <<.K;1 <=>1 <=.1
<A<KB1 ?;.1 ?;@ and note
.
, ?<>1 ?<B1 ??A.
X)oted1 . ;>?KB1 ;.*K.1 ;=.K;1 ??=KA.
Sones anag;siques, occ)rrence of1 n 8tc+craft1 . <.
V)r 3rt3 des tele$at+sc+en Be8esC/aterels19cted1 . B<?
note
.
.
EDITORIAL SUPPLEMENT
7a'es1 6lla'. (*@>*) 4rederc /"ers5s (er2ce to Ps"c+olo&".9
&roceedings o$ the Society $or &sychica 7esearch1 *=J*;K.;.
7a'es1 6lla'. (*@>;) Re2e8 of 'uman &ersonaity and its Surviva o$
)odiy *eath. &roceedings o$ the Society $or &sychica 7esearch1 *AJ..K
;;.
/c,o)&all1 6. (*@>;) Re2e8 of 'uman &ersonaity and (ts Surviva o$
)odiy *eath. 2ind1 *.J?*;K.B.
(to)t1 G. 4. (*@>;) /r 4. 6. -. /"ers on H-)'an Personalt" and Its
()r22al of Bodl" ,eat+.I9 'ibbert 1ourna1 IIJ<<KB<.
4lo)rno"1 T+. (*@>;) Re2e8 of 'uman &ersonaity and (ts Surviva o$
)odiy *eath. &roceedings o$ the Society $or &sychica 7esearch1 *AJ<.K
?>. LTranslated b" Robert 4. Coo3.M
FREDERIC MYERS'S SERVICE
TO PSYCHOLOGY.
BY PROFESSOR WILLIAM JAMES.
L&roc. S.&.7.1 *=J*;K.;.M
O! t+s 'e'oral occason t s fro' En&ls+ +earts and ton&)es
belon&n&1 as I ne2er +ad t+e $r2le&e of belon&n&1 to t+e ''edate
en2ron'ent of o)r la'ented Presdent1 t+at dsco)rse of +' as a 'an and
as a frend ')st co'e. It s for t+ose 8+o $artc$ated n t+e endless
dr)d&er" of +s labo)rs for o)r (ocet" to tell of t+e +&+ $o8ers +e s+o8ed
t+ereG and t s for t+ose 8+o +a2e so'et+n& of +s b)rnn& nterest n t+e
$roble' of o)r +)'an destn" to est'ate +s s)ccess n t+ro8n& a lttle
'ore l&+t nto ts dar3 recesses. To 'e t +as been dee'ed best to ass&n a
colder tas3. 4rederc /"ers 8as a $s"c+olo&st 8+o 8or3ed )$on lnes
+ardl" ad'tted b" t+e 'ore acade'c branc+ of t+e $rofesson to be
le&t'ateG and as for so'e "ears I bore t+e ttle of HProfessor of
Ps"c+olo&"1I t+e s)&&eston +as been 'ade (and b" 'e &ladl" 8elco'ed)
t+at I s+o)ld s$end '" $orton of t+s +o)r n defnn& t+e e#act $lace and
ran3 8+c+ 8e ')st accord to +' as a c)lt2ator and $ro'oter of t+e
scence of t+e /nd.
Bro)&+t )$ entrel" )$on lterat)re and +stor"1 and nterested at frst n
$oetr" and rel&on c+efl"G ne2er b" nat)re a $+loso$+er n t+e tec+ncal
sense of a 'an forced to $)rs)e consstenc" a'on& conce$ts for t+e 'ere
lo2e of t+e lo&cal occ)$atonG not cra''ed 8t+ scence at colle&e1 or
traned to scentfc 'et+od b" an" $assa&e t+ro)&+ a laborator"G /"ers +ad
as t 8ere to recreate +s $ersonalt" before +e beca'e t+e 8ar" crtc of
e2dence1 t+e s3lf)l +andler of +"$ot+ess1 t+e learned ne)rolo&st and
o'n2oro)s reader of bolo&cal and cos'olo&cal 'atter1 6t+ 8+o' n
later "ears 8e 8ere acE)anted. T+e transfor'aton ca'e abo)t beca)se +e
needed to be all t+ese t+n&s n order to 8or3 s)ccessf)ll" at t+e $roble'
t+at la" near +s +eartG and t+e ardo)r of +s 8ll and t+e rc+ness of +s
ntellect are $ro2ed b" t+e s)ccess 8t+ 8+c+ +e )nder8ent so )n)s)al a
transfor'aton.
T+e $roble'1 as "o) 3no81 8as t+at of see3n& e2dence for +)'an
''ortalt". -s contrb)tons to $s"c+olo&" 8ere ncdental to t+at
researc+1 and 8o)ld $robabl" ne2er +a2e been 'ade +ad +e not entered on
t. B)t t+e" +a2e a 2al)e for (cence entrel" nde$endent of t+e l&+t t+e"
s+ed )$on t+at $roble'G and t s E)te a$art fro' t t+at I s+all 2ent)re to
consder t+e'.
If 8e loo3 at t+e +stor" of 'ental scence 8e are ''edatel" str)c3 b"
d2erse tendences a'on& ts se2eral c)lt2ators1 t+e conseE)ence ben& a
certan o$$oston of sc+ools and so'e re$)&nance a'on& t+er dsc$les.
%$art fro' t+e &reat contrasts bet8een 'nds t+at are teleolo&cal or
bolo&cal and 'nds t+at are 'ec+ancal1 bet8een t+e an'sts and t+e
assocatonsts n $s"c+olo&"1 t+ere s t+e entrel" dfferent contrast bet8een
8+at I 8ll call t+e classcCacade'c and t+e ro'antc t"$e of 'a&naton.
T+e for'er +as a fondness for clean $)re lnes and noble s'$lct" n ts
constr)ctons. It e#$lans t+n&s b" as fe8 $rnc$les as $ossble and s
ntolerant of et+er nondescr$t facts or cl)'s" for')las. T+e facts ')st le
n a neat asse'bla&e1 and t+e $s"c+olo&st ')st be enabled to co2er t+e'
and Ht)c3 t+e' nI as safel" )nder +s s"ste' as a 'ot+er t)c3s +er babe n
)nder t+e do8n co2erlet on a 8nter n&+t. :ntl E)te recentl" all
$s"c+olo&"1 8+et+er an'stc or assocatonstc1 8as 8rtten on classcC
acade'c lnes. T+e conseE)ence 8as t+at t+e +)'an 'nd1 as t s f&)red
n t+s lterat)re1 8as lar&el" an abstracton. Its nor'al ad)lt trats 8ere
reco&nsed. % sort of s)nlt terrace 8as e#+bted on 8+c+ t too3 ts
e#ercse. B)t 8+ere t+at terrace sto$$ed1 t+e 'nd sto$$edG and t+ere 8as
not+n& fart+er left to tell of n t+s 3nd of $+loso$+" b)t t+e bran and t+e
ot+er $+"scal facts of nat)re on t+e one +and1 and t+e absol)te
'eta$+"scal &ro)nd of t+e )n2erse on t+e ot+er.
B)t of late "ears t+e terrace +as been o2err)n b" ro'antc '$ro2ers1
and to $ass to t+er 8or3 s l3e &on& fro' classc to Got+c arc+tect)re1
8+ere fe8 o)tlnes are $)re and 8+ere )nco)t+ for's l)r3 n t+e s+ado8s.
% 'ass of 'ental $+eno'ena are no8 seen n t+e s+r)bber" be"ond t+e
$ara$et. 4antastc1 &noble1 +ardl" +)'an1 or fran3l" non+)'an are so'e of
t+ese ne8 canddates for $s"c+olo&cal descr$ton. T+e 'ena&ere and t+e
'ad+o)se1 t+e n)rser"1 t+e $rson1 and t+e +os$tal1 +a2e been 'ade to
del2er )$ t+er 'ateral. T+e 8orld of 'nd s s+o8n as so'et+n&
nfntel" 'ore co'$le# t+an 8as s)s$ectedG and 8+ate2er bea)tes t 'a"
stll $ossess1 t +as lost at an" rate t+e bea)t" of acade'c neatness.
B)t des$te t+e tr)'$+ of ro'antcs'1 $s"c+olo&sts as a r)le +a2e stll
so'e ln&ern& $reD)dce n fa2o)r of t+e nobler s'$lctes. /oreo2er
t+ere are socal $reD)dces 8+c+ scentfc 'en t+e'sel2es obe". T+e 8ord
H+"$nots'I +as been traled abo)t n t+e ne8s$a$ers so t+at e2en 8e
o)rsel2es rat+er 8nce at t1 and a2od occasons of ts )se. H/es'ers'1I
Hclar2o"ance1I H'ed)'1I horrescimus re$erentes and 8t+ all t+ese
t+n&s1 nfected b" t+er $re2o)s '"ster"C'on&ern& dsco2erers1 e2en o)r
best frends +ad rat+er a2od co'$lct". 4or nstance1 I n2te e&+t of '"
scentfc collea&)es se2erall" to co'e to '" +o)se at t+er o8n t'e1 and
st 8t+ a 'ed)' for 8+o' t+e e2dence alread" $)bls+ed n o)r
&roceedings +ad been 'ost note8ort+". %lt+o)&+ t 'eans at 8orst t+e
8aste of t+e +o)r for eac+1 f2e of t+e' declne t+e ad2ent)re. I t+en be& t+e
HCo''ssonI connected 8t+ t+e c+ar of a certan learned $s"c+olo&st n
a ne&+bo)rn& )n2erst" to e#a'ne t+e sa'e 'ed)'1 8+o' /r.
-od&son and I offer at o)r o8n e#$ense to send and lea2e 8t+ t+e'. T+e"
also +a2e to be e#c)sed fro' an" s)c+ entan&le'ent. I ad2se anot+er
$s"c+olo&cal frend to loo3 nto t+s 'ed)'5s case1 b)t +e re$les t+at t s
)seless1 for f +e s+o)ld &et s)c+ res)lts as I re$ort1 +e 8o)ld (ben&
s)&&estble) s'$l" bele2e +'self +all)cnated. 6+en I $ro$ose as a
re'ed" t+at +e s+o)ld re'an n t+e bac3&ro)nd and ta3e notes1 8+lst +s
8fe +as t+e sttn&1 +e e#$lans t+at +e can ne2er consent to +s 8fe5s
$resence at s)c+ $erfor'ances. T+s frend of 'ne 8rtes e0 cathedra on
t+e s)bDect of $s"c+cal researc+1 declarn& (I need +ardl" add) t+at t+ere s
not+n& n tG t+e c+ar of t+e $s"c+olo&st 8t+ t+e Co''sson 8as
fo)nded b" a s$rtst1 $artl" 8t+ a 2e8 to n2est&ate 'ed)'sG and one of
t+e f2e collea&)es 8+o declned '" n2taton s 8del" E)oted as an
effect2e crtc of o)r e2dence. (o r)ns t+e 8orld a8a"Z I s+o)ld not
nd)l&e n t+e $ersonalt" and tr2alt" of s)c+ anecdotes1 8ere t not t+at
t+e" $ant t+e te'$er of o)r t'e1 a te'$er 8+c+1 t+an3s to 4rederc /"ers
'ore t+an to an" one1 8ll certanl" be '$ossble after t+s &eneraton.
/"ers 8as1 I t+n31 decdedl" e#cl)s2e and ntolerant b" nat)re. B)t +s
3eenness for tr)t+ carred +' nto re&ons 8+ere et+er ntellect)al or socal
sE)ea's+ness 8o)ld +a2e been fatal1 so +e H'ortfedI +s amour propre1
)ncl)bbed +'self co'$letel"1 and beca'e a 'odel of $atence1 tact1 and
+)'lt" 8+ere2er n2est&aton reE)red t. Bot+ +s e#a'$le and +s bod"
of doctrne 8ll 'a3e t+s te'$er t+e onl" one +encefor8ard scentfcall"
res$ectable.
If "o) as3 'e +o8 +s doctrne +as t+s effect1 I ans8erJ )y co,
ordinating! 4or /"ers5 &reat $rnc$le of researc+ 8as t+at n order to
)nderstand an" one s$eces of fact 8e o)&+t to +a2e all t+e s$eces of t+e
sa'e &eneral class of fact before )s. (o +e too3 a lot of scattered
$+eno'ena1 so'e of t+e' reco&nsed as re$)table1 ot+ers o)tla8ed fro'
scence1 or treated as solated c)rostesG +e 'ade seres of t+e'1 flled n
t+e transtons b" delcate +"$ot+eses or analo&es1 and bo)nd t+e' to&et+er
n a s"ste' b" +s bold ncl)s2e conce$ton of t+e ()bl'nal (elf1 so t+at
no one can no8 to)c+ one $art of t+e fabrc 8t+o)t fndn& t+e rest
entan&led 8t+ t. ()c+ 2a&)e ter's of a$$erce$ton as $s"c+olo&sts +a2e
+t+erto been satsfed 8t+ )sn& for 'ost of t+ese $+eno'ena1 as Hfra)d1I
Hrot1I Hr)bbs+1I 8ll no 'ore be $ossble +ereafter t+an HdrtI s $ossble as a
+ead of classfcaton n c+e'str"1 or H2er'nI n Noolo&". 6+ate2er t+e"
are1 t+e" are t+n&s 8t+ a r&+t to defnte descr$ton and to caref)l
obser2aton.
I cannot b)t acco)nt t+s as a &reat ser2ce rendered to Ps"c+olo&". I
e#$ect t+at /"ers 8ll ere lon& dstnctl" f&)re n 'ental scence as t+e
radcal leader n 8+at I +a2e called t+e ro'antc 'o2e'ent. T+ro)&+ +'
for t+e frst t'e1 $s"c+olo&sts are n $ossesson of t+er f)ll 'ateral1 and
'ental $+eno'ena are set do8n n an adeE)ate n2entor". To brn& )nl3e
t+n&s t+)s to&et+er b" for'n& seres of 8+c+ t+e nter'edar" ter's
connect t+e e#tre'es1 s a $roced)re ')c+ n )se b" scentfc 'en. It s a
frst ste$ 'ade to8ards sec)rn& t+er nterest n t+e ro'antc facts1 t+at
/"ers s+o)ld +a2e s+o8n +o8 easl" t+s fa'lar 'et+od can be a$$led to
t+er st)d".
/"ers5 conce$ton of t+e e#tens2eness of t+e ()bl'nal (elf E)te
o2ert)rns t+e classc noton of 8+at t+e +)'an 'nd conssts n. T+e
s)$ral'nal re&on1 as /"ers calls t1 t+e classcCacade'c consco)sness1
8+c+ 8as once alone consdered et+er b" assocatonsts or an'sts1
f&)res n +s t+eor" as onl" a s'all se&'ent of t+e $s"c+c s$ectr)'. It s a
s$ecal $+ase of 'entalt"1 teleolo&call" e2ol2ed for ada$taton to o)r
nat)ral en2ron'ent1 and for's onl" 8+at +e calls a H$r2le&ed caseI of
$ersonalt". T+e o)tl"n& ()bl'nal1 accordn& to +'1 re$resents 'ore
f)ll" o)r central and abdn& ben&.
I t+n3 t+e 8ords s)bl'nal and s)$ral'nal )nfort)nate1 b)t t+e" 8ere
$robabl" )na2odable. I t+n31 too1 t+at /"ers5s belef n t+e )bE)t" and
&reat e#tent of t+e ()bl'nal 8ll de'and a far lar&er n)'ber of facts t+an
s)ffced to $ers)ade +'1 before t+e ne#t &eneraton of $s"c+olo&sts s+all
beco'e $ers)aded. -e re&ards t+e ()bl'nal as t+e en2elo$n& 'ot+erC
consco)sness n eac+ of )s1 fro' 8+c+ t+e consco)sness 8e 8et of s
$rec$tated l3e a cr"stal. B)t 8+et+er t+s 2e8 &et confr'ed or &et
o2ert+ro8n b" f)t)re nE)r"1 t+e defnte 8a" n 8+c+ /"ers +as t+ro8n t
do8n s a ne8 and s$ecfc c+allen&e to nE)r". 4or +alf a cent)r" no81
$s"c+olo&sts +a2e f)ll" ad'tted t+e e#stence of a s)bl'nal 'ental
re&on1 )nder t+e na'e et+er of )nconsco)s cerebraton or of t+e
n2ol)ntar" lfeG b)t t+e" +a2e ne2er defntel" ta3en )$ t+e E)eston of t+e
e#tent of t+s re&on1 ne2er so)&+t e#$lctl" to 'a$ t o)t. /"ers defntel"
attac3s t+s $roble'1 8+c+1 after +'1 t 8ll be '$ossble to &nore.
Dhat is the precise constitution o$ the Subiminas)c+ s t+e $roble'
8+c+ deser2es to f&)re n o)r (cence +ereafter as t+e probem o$ 2yersG
and 8ll"Cnll"1 nE)r" ')st follo8 on t+e $at+ 8+c+ t +as o$ened )$. B)t
/"ers +as not onl" $ro$o)nded t+e $roble' defntel"1 +e +as also n2ented
defnte 'et+ods for ts sol)ton. PostC+"$notc s)&&eston1 cr"stalC&aNn&1
a)to'atc 8rtn& and tranceCs$eec+1 t+e 8lln&C&a'e1 etc.1 are no81 t+an3s
to +'1 nstr)'ents of researc+1 rea&ents l3e lt')s $a$er or t+e
&al2ano'eter1 for re2ealn& 8+at 8o)ld ot+er8se be +dden. T+ese are so
'an" 8a"s of $)ttn& t+e ()bl'nal on ta$. Of co)rse 8t+o)t t+e
s')ltaneo)s 8or3 on +"$nots' and +"stera nde$endentl" be&)n b"
ot+ers1 +e co)ld not +a2e $)s+ed +s o8n 8or3 so far. B)t +e s so far t+e
onl" &eneralNer of t+e $roble' and t+e onl" )ser of all t+e 'et+odsG and
e2en t+o)&+ +s t+eor" of t+e e#tent of t+e ()bl'nal s+o)ld +a2e to be
s)b2erted n t+e end1 ts for')laton 8ll1 I a' s)re1 f&)re al8a"s as a
rat+er 'o'ento)s e2ent n t+e +stor" of o)r (cence.
%n" $s"c+olo&st 8+o s+o)ld 8s+ to read /"ers o)t of t+e $rofesson
and t+ere are $robabl" stll so'e 8+o 8o)ld be &lad to do so toda"s
co''tted to a defnte alternat2e. Et+er +e ')st sa" t+at 8e 3ne8 all
abo)t t+e s)bl'nal re&on before /"ers too3 t )$1 or +e ')st sa" t+at t s
certan t+at states of s)$erCnor'al co&nton for' no $art of ts content. T+e
frst contenton 8o)ld be too abs)rd. T+e second one re'ans 'ore
$la)sble. T+ere are 'an" frst +and n2est&ators nto t+e ()bl'nal 8+o1
not +a2n& t+e'sel2es 'et 8t+ an"t+n& s)$erCnor'al1 8o)ld $robabl" not
+estate to call all t+e re$orts of t erroneo)s1 and 8+o 8o)ld l't t+e
()bl'nal to dssol)t2e $+eno'ena of consco)sness e#cl)s2el"1 to
la$sed 'e'ores1 s)bconsco)s sensatons1 '$)lses and phobias1 and t+e
l3e. /essrs. 7anet and Bnet1 for a)&+t I 3no81 'a" +old so'e s)c+
$oston as t+s. %&anst t /"ers5s t+ess 8o)ld stand s+ar$l" o)t. Of t+e
()bl'nal1 +e 8o)ld sa"1 8e can &2e no )ltraCs'$le acco)ntJ t+ere are
dscrete re&ons n t1 le2els se$arated b" crtcal $onts of transton1 and no
one for')la +olds tr)e of t+e' all. %nd an" conscento)s $s"c+olo&st
o)&+t1 t see's to 'e1 to see t+at1 snce t+ese ')lt$le 'odfcatons of
$ersonalt" are onl" be&nnn& to be re$orted and obser2ed 8t+ care1 t s
ob2o)s t+at a do&'atcall" ne&at2e treat'ent of t+e' ')st be $re'at)re1
and t+at t+e $roble' of /"ers stll a8ats )s as t+e $roble' of far t+e
dee$est 'o'ent for o)r act)al $s"c+olo&"1 8+et+er +s o8n tentat2e
sol)tons of certan $arts of t be correct or not.
/ean8+le1 descendn& to detal1 one cannot +el$ ad'rn& t+e &reat
or&nalt" 8t+ 8+c+ /"ers 8o2e s)c+ an e#traordnarl" detac+ed and
dscontn)o)s seres of $+eno'ena to&et+er. :nconsco)s cerebraton1
drea's1 +"$nots'1 +"stera1 ns$ratons of &en)s1 t+e 8lln&C&a'e1
$lanc+ette1 cr"stalC&aNn&1 +all)cnator" 2oces1 a$$artons of t+e d"n&1
'ed)'Ctrances1 de'onacal $ossesson1 clar2o"ance1 t+o)&+tCtransference
e2en &+osts and ot+er facts 'ore do)btf)lt+ese t+n&s for' a c+aos at
frst s&+t 'ost dsco)ra&n&. !o 8onder t+at scentsts can t+n3 of no ot+er
$rnc$le of )nt" a'on& t+e' t+an t+er co''on a$$eal to 'en5s $er2erse
$ro$enst" to s)$erstton. Yet /"ers +as act)all" 'ade a s"ste' of t+e'1
strn&n& t+e' contn)o)sl" )$on a $erfectl" le&t'ate obDect2e
+"$ot+ess1 2erfed n so'e cases and e#tended to ot+ers b" analo&".
Ta3n& t+e na'e a)to'ats' fro' t+e $+eno'enon of a)to'atc 8rtn&I
a' not s)re t+at +e 'a" not +'self +a2e been t+e frst so to ba$tNe t+s
latter $+eno'enon+e 'ade one &reat s'$lfcaton at a stro3e b" treatn&
+all)cnatons and act2e '$)lses )nder a co''on +ead1 as sensory and
motor automatisms. %)to'ats' +e t+en conce2ed broadl" as a 'essa&e of
an" 3nd fro' t+e ()bl'nal to t+e ()$ral'nal. %nd +e 8ent a ste$
fart+er n +s +"$ot+etc nter$retaton1 8+en +e nssted on Hs"'bols'I as
one of t+e 8a"s n 8+c+ one strat)' of o)r $ersonalt" 8ll often nter$ret
t+e nfl)ences of anot+er. Obssess2e Lsced.M t+o)&+ts and del)sons1 as
8ell as 2oces1 2sons1 and '$)lses1 t+)s fall s)bDect to one 'ode of
treat'ent. To e#$lan t+e'1 8e ')st e#$lore t+e ()bl'nalG to c)re t+e'
8e ')st $ractcall" nfl)ence t.
/"ers5s 8or3 on a)to'ats' led to +s brllant conce$ton1 n *A@*1 of
+"stera. -e defned t1 8t+ &ood reasons &2en1 as a dsease of t+e
+"$notc strat)'.9 -ardl" +ad +e done so 8+en t+e 8onderf)ll" n&eno)s
obser2atons of Bnet1 and es$ecall" of 7anet n 4rance1 &a2e to t+s 2e8
t+e co'$letest of corroboratons. T+ese obser2atons +a2e been e#tended n
Ger'an"1 %'erca1 and else8+ereG and alt+o)&+ Bnet and 7anet 8or3ed
nde$endentl" of /"ers1 and dd 8or3 far 'ore obDect2e1 +e ne2ert+eless
8ll stand as t+e or&nal anno)ncer of a t+eor" 8+c+1 n '" o$non1
'a3es an e$oc+1 not onl" n 'edcal1 b)t n $s"c+olo&cal scence1 beca)se
t brn&s n an entrel" ne8 conce$ton of o)r 'ental $ossbltes.
/"ers5s 'anner of a$$re+endn& t+e $roble' of t+e ()bl'nal s+o8s
tself fr)tf)l n e2er" $ossble drecton. 6+le offcal scence $ractcall"
ref)ses to attend to ()bl'nal $+eno'ena1 t+e crcles 8+c+ do attend to
t+e' treat t+e' 8t+ a res$ect alto&et+er too )ndscr'natn&e2er"
()bl'nal del2erance ')st be an oracle. T+e res)lt s t+at t+ere s no bass
of nterco)rse bet8een t+ose 8+o best 3no8 t+e facts and t+ose 8+o are
'ost co'$etent to dsc)ss t+e'. /"ers ''edatel" establs+es a bass b"
+s re'ar3 t+at n so far as t+e" +a2e to )se t+e sa'e or&ans'1 8t+ ts
$refor'ed a2en)es of e#$resson8+at 'a" be 2er" dfferent strata of t+e
()bl'nal are conde'ned n ad2ance to 'anfest t+e'sel2es n s'lar
8a"s. T+s '&+t acco)nt for t+e &reat &enerc l3eness of so 'an"
a)to'atc $erfor'ances1 8+le t+er dfferent startn&C$onts be+nd t+e
t+res+old '&+t acco)nt for certan dfferences n t+e'. (o'e of t+e'1
na'el"1 see' to ncl)de ele'ents of s)$ernor'al 3no8led&eG ot+ers to
s+o8 a c)ro)s s)bconsco)s 'ana for $ersonaton and dece$tonG ot+ers
a&an to be 'ere dr2el. B)t /"ers5s conce$ton of 2aro)s strata or le2els n
t+e ()bl'nal sets )s to anal"Nn& t+e' all fro' a ne8 $ont of 2e8. T+e
8ord ()bl'nal for +' denotes onl" a re&on1 8t+ $ossbl" t+e 'ost
+etero&eneo)s contents. /)c+ of t+e content s certanl" r)bbs+1 'atter t+at
/"ers calls dssol)t2e1 st)ff t+at drea's are 'ade of1 fra&'ents of la$sed
'e'or"1 'ec+ancal effects of +abt and ordnar" s)&&estonG so'e belon&s
to a 'ddle re&on 8+ere a stran&e 'an)fact)re of nner ro'ances
$er$et)all" &oes onG fnall"1 so'e of t+e content a$$ears s)$erorl" and
s)btl" $erce$t2e. B)t eac+ +as to a$$eal to )s b" t+e sa'e c+annels and to
)se or&ans $artl" traned to t+er $erfor'ance b" 'essa&es fro' t+e ot+er
le2els. :nder t+ese condtons 8+at co)ld be 'ore nat)ral to e#$ect t+an a
conf)son1 8+c+ /"ers5s s)&&eston 8o)ld t+en +a2e been t+e frst
nds$ensable ste$ to8ards fnall" clearn& a8a".
Once 'ore1 t+en1 8+ate2er be t+e )$s+ot of t+e $atent 8or3 reE)red
+ere1 /"ers5s reso)rcef)l ntellect +as certanl" done a ser2ce to
$s"c+olo&".
I sad a 8+le a&o t+at +s ntellect 8as not b" nat)re $+loso$+c n t+e
narro8er sense of ben& t+at of a lo&can. In t+e broader sense of ben& a
'an of 8de scentfc 'a&naton1 /"ers 8as 'ost e'nentl" a
$+loso$+er. -e +as s+o8n t+s b" +s )n)s)all" darn& &ras$ of t+e
$rnc$le of e2ol)ton1 and b" t+e 8onderf)l 8a" n 8+c+ +e +as 8or3ed
o)t s)&&estons of 'ental e2ol)ton b" 'eans of bolo&cal analo&es. T+ese
analo&es are1 f an"t+n&1 too $rof)se and daNNln& n +s $a&esG b)t +s
conce$ton of 'ental e2ol)ton s 'ore radcal t+an an"t+n& "et consdered
b" $s"c+olo&sts as $ossble. It s absol)tel" or&nalG and1 ben& so radcal1
t beco'es one of t+ose +"$ot+eses 8+c+1 once $ro$o)nded1 can ne2er be
for&otten1 b)t soon or later +a2e to be 8or3ed o)t and s)b'tted n e2er"
8a" to crtcs' and 2erfcaton.
T+e cornerstone of +s conce$ton s t+e fact t+at consco)sness +as no
essental )nt". It a&&re&ates and dss$ates1 and 8+at 8e call nor'al
consco)sness1t+e H-)'an /ndI of classc $s"c+olo&"1s not e2en
t"$cal1 b)t onl" one case o)t of t+o)sands. (l&+t or&anc alteratons1
nto#catons and a)toCnto#catons1 &2e s)$ral'nal for's co'$letel"
dfferent1 and t+e s)bl'nal re&on see's to +a2e la8s n 'an" res$ects
$ec)lar. /"ers t+ere)$on 'a3es t+e s)&&eston t+at t+e 8+ole s"ste' of
consco)sness st)ded b" t+e classc $s"c+olo&" s onl" an e#tract fro' a
lar&er total1 ben& a $art toldCoff1 as t 8ere1 to do ser2ce n t+e adD)st'ents
of o)r $+"scal or&ans' to t+e 8orld of nat)re. T+s e#tract1 a&&re&ated
and $ersonfed for t+s $artc)lar $)r$ose1 +as1 l3e all e2ol2n& t+n&s1 a
2aret" of $ec)lartes. -a2n& e2ol2ed1 t 'a" also dssol2e1 and n drea's1
+"stera1 and d2ers for's of de&eneraton t see's to do so. T+s s a
retro&rade $rocess of se$araton n a consco)sness of 8+c+ t+e )nt" 8as
once effected. B)t a&an t+e consco)sness 'a" follo8 t+e o$$oste co)rse
and nte&rate stll fart+er1 or e2ol2e b" &ro8n& nto "et )ntred drectons.
In 2erdcal a)to'ats's t act)all" see's to do so. It dro$s so'e of ts
)s)al 'odes of ncrease1 ts ordnar" )se of t+e senses1 for e#a'$le1 and
la"s +old of bts of nfor'aton 8+c+1 n 8a"s t+at 8e cannot e2en follo8
conDect)rall"1 lea3 nto t b" 8a" of t+e ()bl'nal. T+e )lteror so)rce of a
certan $art of t+s nfor'aton (l'ted and $er2erted as t al8a"s s b" t+e
or&ans'5s dos"ncrases n t+e 8a" of trans'sson and e#$resson) /"ers
t+o)&+t +e co)ld reasonabl" trace to de$arted +)'an ntell&ence1 or ts
e#stn& eE)2alent. I $retend to no o$non on t+s $ont1 for I +a2e as "et
st)ded t+e e2dence 8t+ so lttle crtcal care t+at /"ers 8as al8a"s
s)r$rsed at '" ne&l&ence. I can t+erefore s$ea3 8t+ detac+'ent fro' t+s
E)eston and1 as a 'ere e'$rcal $s"c+olo&st1 of /"ers5s &eneral
e2ol)tonar" conce$ton. %s s)c+ a $s"c+olo&st I feel s)re t+at t+e latter s
a +"$ot+ess of frstCrate $+loso$+c '$ortance. It s based1 of co)rse1 on
+s con2cton of t+e e#tent of t+e ()bl'nal1 and 8ll stand or fall as t+at s
2erfed or notG b)t 8+et+er t stand or fall1 t loo3s to 'e l3e one of t+ose
s8ee$n& deas b" 8+c+ t+e scentfc researc+es of an entre &eneraton are
often 'o)lded. It 8o)ld not be s)r$rsn& f t $ro2ed s)c+ a leadn& dea n
t+e n2est&aton of t+e near f)t)reG for n one s+a$e or anot+er1 t+e
()bl'nal +as co'e to sta" 8t+ )s1 and t+e onl" $ossble co)rse to ta3e
+encefort+ s radcall" and t+oro)&+l" to e#$lore ts s&nfcance.
Loo3n& bac3 fro' 4rederc /"ers5s 2son of 2astness n t+e feld of
$s"c+olo&cal researc+ )$on t+e $ro&ra''e as 'ost acade'c
$s"c+olo&sts fra'e t1 one ')st confess t+at ts l'taton at t+er +ands
see's not onl" )n$la)sble1 b)t n tr)t+1 a lttle rdc)lo)s. E2en 8t+ br)tes
and 'ad'en1 e2en 8t+ +"stercs and +"$notcs ad'tted as t+e acade'c
$s"c+olo&sts ad't t+e'1 t+e offcal o)tlnes of t+e s)bDect are far too neat
to stand n t+e l&+t of analo&" 8t+ t+e rest of !at)re. T+e )lt'ates of
!at)re1+er s'$le ele'ents1 f t+ere be s)c+1'a" ndeed co'bne n
defnte $ro$ortons and follo8 classc la8s of arc+tect)reG b)t n +er
$ro#'ates1 n +er $+eno'ena as 8e ''edatel" e#$erence t+e'1 !at)re
s e2er"8+ere &ot+c1 not classc. (+e for's a real D)n&le1 8+ere all t+n&s
are $ro2sonal1 +alfCftted to eac+ ot+er1 and )ntd". 6+en 8e add s)c+ a
co'$le# 3nd of s)bl'nal re&on as /"ers bele2ed n to t+e offcal
re&on1 8e restore t+e analo&"G and1 t+o)&+ 8e 'a" be 'sta3en n ')c+
detal1 n a &eneral 8a"1 at least1 8e beco'e $la)sble. In co'$arson 8t+
/"ers5s 8a" of attac3n& t+e E)eston of ''ortalt" n $artc)lar1 t+e
offcal 8a" s certanl" so far fro' t+e 'ar3 as to be al'ost $re$ostero)s. It
ass)'es t+at 8+en o)r ordnar" consco)sness &oes o)t1 t+e onl" alternat2e
s)r22n& 3nd of consco)sness t+at co)ld be $ossble s abstract 'entalt"1
l2n& on s$rt)al tr)t+1 and co'')ncatn& deal 8sdo'n s+ort1 t+e
8+ole classc $latonNn& ()nda"Csc+ool conce$ton. 4aln& to &et t+at sort
of t+n& 8+en t lstens to re$orts abo)t 'ed)'s1 t denes t+at t+ere can be
an"t+n&. /"ers a$$roac+es t+e s)bDect 8t+ no s)c+ a $ror reE)re'ent. If
+e fnds an" $ost2e ndcaton of Hs$rts1I +e records t1 8+ate2er t 'a"
be1 and s 8lln& to ft +s conce$ton to t+e facts1 +o8e2er &rotesE)e t+e
latter 'a" a$$ear1 rat+er t+an to blot o)t t+e facts to s)t +s conce$ton.
B)t1 as 8as lon& a&o sad b" o)r collaborator1 /r. Cannn& (c+ller1 n
8ords 'ore effect2e t+an an" I can 8rte1 f an" conce$ton s+o)ld be
blotted o)t b" sero)s lo2ers of !at)re1 t s)rel" o)&+t to +e t+e classc
acade'c ()nda"Csc+ool conce$ton. If an"t+n& s unl3el" n a 8orld l3e
t+s1 t s t+at t+e ne#t adDacent t+n& to t+e 'ere s)rfaceCs+o8 of o)r
e#$erence s+o)ld be t+e real' of eternal essences1 of $latonc deas1 of
cr"stal battle'ents1 of absol)te s&nfcance. B)t 8+et+er t+e" +e an'sts
or assocatonsts1 a s)$$oston so'et+n& l3e t+s s stll t+e ass)'$ton of
o)r )s)al $s"c+olo&sts. It co'es fro' t+er ben& for t+e 'ost $art
$+loso$+ers n t+e tec+ncal sense1 and fro' t+er s+o8n& t+e 8ea3ness of
t+at $rofesson for lo&cal abstractons. /"ers 8as $r'arl" a lo2er of lfe
and not of abstractons. -e lo2ed +)'an lfe1 +)'an $ersons1 and t+er
$ec)lartes. (o +e co)ld easl" ad't t+e $ossblt" of le2el be"ond le2el
of $erfectl" concrete e#$erence1 all HE)eer and cact)sCl3eI t+o)&+ t '&+t
be1 before 8e to)c+ t+e absol)te1 or reac+ t+e eternal essences.
Be+nd t+e 'n)te anato'sts and t+e $+"solo&sts1 8t+ t+er 'etallc
nstr)'ents1 t+ere +a2e al8a"s stood t+e o)tCdoor nat)ralsts 8t+ t+er e"es
and lo2e of concrete nat)re. T+e for'er call t+e latter s)$erfcal1 b)t t+ere
s so'et+n& 8ron& abo)t "o)r laborator"Cbolo&st 8+o +as no s"'$at+"
8t+ l2n& an'als. In $s"c+olo&" t+ere s a s'lar dstncton. (o'e
$s"c+olo&sts are fascnated b" t+e 2aretes of 'nd n l2n& acton1 ot+ers
b" t+e dssectn& o)t1 8+et+er b" lo&cal anal"ss or b" brass nstr)'ents1 of
8+ate2er ele'entar" 'ental $rocesses 'a" be t+ere. /"ers ')st decdedl"
be $laced n t+e for'er class1 t+o)&+ +s $o8erf)l )se of analo&" enabled
+' also to do 8or3 after t+e fas+on of t+e latter. -e lo2ed +)'an nat)re as
C)2er and %&assN lo2ed an'al nat)reG n +s 2e81 as n t+er 2e81 t+e
s)bDect for'ed a 2ast l2n& $ct)re. 6+et+er +s na'e 8ll +a2e n
$s"c+olo&" as +ono)rable a $lace as t+er na'es +a2e &aned n t+e sster
scence1 8ll de$end on 8+et+er f)t)re nE)rers s+all ado$t or reDect +s
t+eoresG and t+e ra$dt" 8t+ 8+c+ t+er decson s+a$es tself 8ll de$end
lar&el" on t+e 2&o)r 8t+ 8+c+ t+s (ocet" contn)es ts labo)r n +s
absence. It s at an" rate a $ossblt"1 and I a' ds$osed to t+n3 t a
$robablt"1 t+at 4rederc /"ers 8ll al8a"s be re'e'bered n $s"c+olo&"
as t+e $oneer 8+o sta3ed o)t a 2ast tract of 'ental 8lderness and $lanted
t+e fla& of &en)ne scence )$on t. -e 8as an enor'o)s collector. -e
ntrod)ced for t+e frst t'e co'$arson1 classfcaton1 and seral order nto
t+e $ec)lar 3nd of fact 8+c+ +e collected. -e 8as a &en)s at $erce2n&
analo&esG +e 8as fertle n +"$ot+esesG and as far as condtons allo8ed t n
t+s 'eteorc re&on1 +e reled on 2erfcaton. ()c+ ad2anta&es are of no
a2al1 +o8e2er1 f one +as str)c3 nto a false road fro' t+e o)tset. B)t
s+o)ld t t)rn o)t t+at 4rederc /"ers +as reall" +t t+e r&+t road b" +s
d2nn& nstnct1 t s certan t+at1 l3e t+e na'es of ot+ers 8+o +a2e been
8se1 +s na'e 8ll 3ee$ an +ono)rable $lace n scentfc +stor".

'uman &ersonaity and its Surviva o$ )odiy *eath. B" 4RE,ERIC 6. -.
/YER(. . 2ols. A2o. (Lon&'ans1 Green & Co.1 London1 !e8 Yor31 and
Bo'ba". *@>;.) LRe2e8ed b" 6lla' 7a'es1 &roc. S.&.7.1 *AJ..K;;.M
I.
()c+ lar&e $ortons of t+e te#t of t+ese b)l3" 2ol)'es1 8+c+ are t+e
le&ac" of /"ers5s lterar" lfe1 +a2e alread" a$$eared n t+ese &roceedings1
and t+er a)t+or5s &eneral conce$tons are so fa'lar to '" readers1 t+at I
feel free to o't fro' t+s notce all detaled acco)nt of t+e boo35s contents
and co'$oston. 4or a)&+t I 3no8 s)c+ an acco)nt 'a" be &2en b" '"
fello8Cre2e8ers. T+e contents are so ntrcate and t+e deas so 'an" t+at
t+e &reat dan&er s t+at of not seen& t+e forest for t+e trees1 and of not
a$$re+endn& 8t+ dstnctness t+e ste$s of /"ers5s reasonn&. It see's to
'e 8sest1 t+erefore1 to e'$lo" t+e o$$ort)nt" accorded 'e n anal"sn&
+s ar&)'ent nto ts essental feat)res1 follo8n&1 as I do so1 a lo&cal rat+er
t+an a te#t)al order.
6+at 8o)ld enttle /"ers1 f +e 8ere s)ccessf)l n 8+at +e atte'$ted1
to be re&arded as t+e fo)nder of a ne8 scence s t+at conce$ton of t+e
()bl'nal (elf1 b" 8+c+ +e coll&ated and coCordnated a 'ass of
$+eno'ena 8+c+ +ad ne2er before been consdered to&et+er1 and t+)s
'ade a sort of obDect2e contn))' of 8+at1 before +'1 +ad a$$eared so
$)re a dsconnectedness t+at t+e ordnar" scentfc 'nd +ad et+er
dsdaned to loo3 at t1 or $rono)nced t 'ostl" fctto)s. T8o "ears a&o I
8rote n t+ese &roceedings t+at /"ers +ad endo8ed $s"c+olo&" 8t+ a ne8
$roble' The e0poration o$ the subimina region ben& destned to f&)re
+ereCafter n t+at branc+ of learnn& as /"ers5s $roble'.9 Readn& t+ese
2ol)'es1 8e &an a defnte dea of +o8 far +e +'self +ad $)s+ed for8ard
t+e to$o&ra$+cal s)r2e" of t+at re&on.
Conser2at2es n ant+ro$olo&c scence 8ll ''edatel" sa" t+at /"ers
)sed t+e conce$t of t+e s)bl'nal9 far too broadl"1 and t+at t+e onl" safe
de'arcaton of t+e ter' s t+at of t+e ne)ro$at+olo&sts. T+ese obser2ers for
t+e 'ost $art no8 reco&nse a s)bl'nal re&on fran3l"1 b)t t+e" reco&nse
t onl" as a dssocated $art of t+e nor'al $ersonalt". E#$erences for&otten
b" t+e )$$er consco)sness 'a" +ere stll lead a $arastc e#stence1 and n
an nferor1 drea'l3e 8a" 'a" nterfere 8t+ nor'al $rocesses. 4or t+ese
crtcs t+e s)bl'nal s s"non"'o)s 8t+ t+e $orgotten and for's a re&on
of dsnte&raton e#cl)s2el".
/ost ne)rolo&sts et+er &nore t+ose ot+er e2ol)t2e19 s)$eror19 or
s)$ernor'al9 $+eno'ena1 n 8+c+ /"ers5s c+ef nterest la"1 or sco)t
t+e' 8+olesale as dece$tons. T+e fe8 8+o ad't t+e' are 'ore l3el" to
see n t+e' anot+er de$art'ent of e#$erence alto&et+er t+an to treat t+e'
as +a2n& contn)o)s connecton 8t+ t+e ordnar" $+eno'ena of 'ental
dssocaton.
T+ose 8+o s'$l" &nore t+e' (for 8+ate2er reason) 'a" t+e'sel2es be
&nored +ere as belated st)dents. -o8e2er ac)tel" a8are one 'a" be of t+e
so)rces of fallac" n re$orts of t+e 'ar2ello)s1 I fal to see +o8 t+e records
E)oted n t+ese 2ol)'es1 and n 2astl" &reater $rof)son n G)rne"5s
&hantasms o$ the .iving and t+e ot+er (.P.R. $)blcatons1 can r&+tf)ll" be
'et b" a 8+olesale and ndscr'natn& non possumus. %n" one 8t+ a
+ealt+" sense for e2dence1 a sense not 'et+odcall" bl)nted b" t+e
sectarans' of (cence19 o)&+t no81 t see's to 'e1 to feel t+at e#alted
sensbltes and 'e'ores1 2erdcal $+antas's1 +a)nted +o)ses1 trances
8t+ s)$ernor'al fac)lt"1 and e2en e#$er'ental t+o)&+tCtransference1 are
nat)ral 3nds of $+eno'enon 8+c+ o)&+t1 D)st l3e ot+er nat)ral e2ents1 to
be follo8ed )$ 8t+ scentfc c)rost".
-"$notc $+eno'ena for' t+e centre of $ers$ect2e for /"ers5s 'a$ of
t+e s)bl'nal re&on. In t+e frst $lace1 t+e s"ste' of fac)lt" of a s)bDect
)nder +"$noss s E)te dfferent fro' +s 8a3n& s"ste' of fac)lt". 6+le
$ortons of t+e )s)al 8a3n& s"ste' are n+bted1 ot+er $ortons are
so'et'es s)$ernor'all" ener&sed n +"$noss1 $rod)cn& not onl"
+all)cnatons1 b)t afterCres)lts n t+e 8a" of senseCdscr'naton and
control of or&anc f)ncton1 to 8+c+ t+e 8a3n& consco)sness s )nable to
attan. 6e are t+)s led to t+e noton of t8o dfferent c)rrents of 'ental lfe1
one dee$er1 and t+e ot+er s+allo8er1 of 8+c+ et+er s best a$$ealed to
8+le t+e ot+er s n abe"ance. T+at t+ese c)rrents 'a" not onl" alternate
b)t 'a" coCe#st 8t+ eac+ ot+er s $ro2ed b" G)rne"5s1 Bnet5s1 and 7anet5s
dsco2er" of ()bDects 8+o1 rece2n& s)&&estons d)rn& +"$noss and
for&ettn& t+e' 8+en 8a3ened1 ne2ert+eless t+en 8rote t+e' o)t
a)to'atcall" and )nconsco)sl" as soon as a $encl 8as $laced n t+er
+ands.
%ll"n& t+e c)rat2e $+eno'ena of +"$noss 8t+ t+e &reat re$arat2e
$o8ers of slee$1 and ts en+ance'ents of fac)lt" 8t+ t+e en+ance'ents of
fac)lt" to 8+c+ drea'n& and nat)ral so'na'b)ls' occasonall" &2e
rse1 /"ers $ost)lates a re&on of slee$n& consco)sness $resent at all t'es
n all of )s1 a re&on 'oreo2er 8+c+ n certan res$ects +as an ad2anta&e
o2er t+e 8a3n& le2els of t+e 'nd. T+s s)bl'nal re&on s )s)all" closed
off fro' t+e ordnar" 8a3n& consco)sness1 b)t )nder s$ecal condtons of
a$$eal1 8+c+ 2ar" 8t+ t+e dos"ncras" of t+e nd2d)al1 t 'a" brea3 n
8t+ effects 8+c+ re2eal ts $resence to )s. T+e $o$)lar 8ord s)&&eston9
s onl" a na'e for a s)ccessf)l a$$eal to t+s s)b l'nal consco)sness.
T+e a$$eal1 n +"$notc s)bDects1 s 'ade t+ro)&+ t+e ordnar"
consco)sness n t+e frst nstanceG and nto t+at consco)sness t+e effects1
8+en t+e" are $ost1 +"$notc19 ret)rn n t+e for' of a)to'ats's19
sensor" or 'otor. In ot+er 8ords1 +all)cnatons or )n'ot2ed '$)lses to
act1 8+c+ n so'e cases are )$+ea2als fro' t+e s)bl'nal nto t+e
s)$ral'nal re&on1 'a" be so n all cases. T+e t8o re&ons t+)s for'
en2ron'ents for eac+ ot+er1 8t+ $ossbltes of nteracton1 t+o)&+ )nder
ordnar" condtons t+er nterco)rse s s'all.
(o far /"ers 8o)ld see' to be on $erfectl" sold &ro)nd. T+ere s a
s)bl'nal re&on of lfe 8+c+ o$ens ftf)ll" nto t+e s)$ral'nal re&on.
T+e onl" do)bt s as to 8+et+er t be &eneral n +)'an ben&s1 or 8+et+er t
be not l'ted to a fe8 +"$notc and +"sterc s)bDects.
T+e s)bl'nal re&on ben& t+)s establs+ed as an act)alt"1 t+e ne#t
E)eston s as to ts fart+er l'ts1 8+ere t e#sts. /" s)bl'nal1 for
nstance1 +as '" ordnar" consco)sness for one of ts en2ron'ents1 b)t +as
t addtonal en2ron'ents on t+e re'oter sdeW -as t drect relatons of
nterco)rse1 for e#a'$le1 8t+ t+e consco)sness1 s)bl'nal or
s)$ral'nal1 of ot+er 'enW
(o'e of t+e $+eno'ena of +"$nots' or 'es'ers' s)&&est t+at t+s s
act)all" t+e case. I refer to t+e re$orts (se2eral of t+e' rre$roac+abl"
recorded) of +"$nots' at a dstance1 of obedence to )ns$o3en orders1 and
of co'')nt" of sensaton9 bet8een +"$notser and s)bDect1 of 8+c+
(ectons ?BA to ?=* of /"ers5s Vol)'e I. &2e so'e acco)nt. Re'ote
nfl)ences1 to 8+c+ t+e s)$ral'nal re&on s closed1 'a" t+)s
occasonall" $ass nto t+e s)bl'nal re&on1 s+o8n& t+at t+s latter
co'')ncates not onl" 8t+ t+e s)$ral'nal 'nd of t+e s)bDect +'self1
b)t 8t+ t+e 'nd of ot+er $ersons1 and $ossbl" 8t+ a stll 8der 8orld.
-o8 8de t+s 8orld 'a" $ossbl" be s s)&&ested b" all t+e 2aro)s
re$orts of t+o)&+tCtransference and clar2o"ance n t+e +"$notc state. %nd
f 8e no8 $ass be"ond condtons of artfcal +"$noss1 and ta3e nto
acco)nt states of abstracton l3e t+ose $rod)ced n so'e $ersons b" cr"stal
&aNn& and b" a)to'atc 8rtn&1 and t+e trances9 of certan so'na'b)lsts
and 'ed)'s1 8t+ t+e clar2o"ant fac)lt" re$orted to be fo)nd t+eren1 8e
fnd o)rsel2es obl&ed (f 8e credt t+e re$orts) to ass)'e t+at t+e
s)bl'nal lfe +as 8ndo8s of o)tloo3 and doors of n&ress 8+c+ brn& t
(n so'e $ersons at least) nto a co''erce1 of 8+c+ t+e c+annels entrel"
esca$e o)r obser2aton1 8t+ an ndefntel" e#tended re&on of t+e 8orld of
tr)t+.
T+e D)'$ 8+c+ /"ers 'a3es +ere s t+at of &eneralsn& +s
concl)sons. T+e conser2at2e9 crtc 8+o does not den" t+e facts in toto
8o)ld 'ost $robabl" call t+e' $at+olo&cal frea3s of dos"ncras". -e
8o)ld $rotest a&anst t+er ben& treated as re2elatons of t+e constt)ton of
+)'an nat)re at lar&e. /"ers1 on t+e ot+er +and1 re&ards t+e' as s)c+
re2elatons1 and consders t+at t+e s)bDects s+o8 t+er dos"ncras"9 rat+er
n l"n& as o$en as t+e" do to o)r obser2aton1 t+an n +a2n& t+e 3nd of
+)'an constt)ton 8+c+ t+e obser2atons dsclose.
-e s t+)s led to t+e &eneral conce$ton of a s)bl'nal lfe belon&n& to
+)'an nat)re n &eneral1 and +a2n& ts o8n ndefntel" 8de en2ron'ent1
dstnct fro' t+at 8t+ 8+c+ o)r bodl" senses carr" on t+er co''erce. (et
o2er a&anst t+s s)bl'nal lfe1 and n stron& contrast 8t+ t1 8e fnd t+e
nor'al consco)sness1 dealn& $r'arl" t+ro)&+ t+e senses 8t+ t+e
'ateral 8orld1 and n $ossesson of fac)ltes of attenton1 and n $artc)lar
of 'e'or"1 8+c+ are $tf)ll" s'all n co'$arson 8t+ t+ose 8+c+ t+e
s)bl'nal consco)sness 8elds. T+e nor'al consco)sness s t+)s onl" a
$orton of o)r nat)re1 ada$ted $r'arl" to terrene9 condtons. T+ose 'ore
drectl" nt)t2e fac)ltes 8+c+ t lac3s1 and of 8+c+ 8e &et &l'$ses n
nd2d)als 8+ose s)bl'nal les e#ce$tonall" o$en1 can +ardl" be
2est&es1 de&eneratons of so'et+n& 8+c+ o)r ancestors once $ossessed.
6e s+o)ld rat+er re&ard t+e' as &er's of so'et+n& not "et e2ol2ed for
'et+odcal )se n o)r nat)ral en2ron'ent1 b)t $ossbl" e2en no8 carr"n&
on a set of act2e f)nctons n t+er o8n 8der cos'c9 en2ron'ent.
T+e s)$ernor'al9 beco'es t+)s for /"ers s"non"'o)s 8t+ t+e
e2ol)t2e9 as contrasted 8t+ t+e dssol)t2e9 8t+ 8+c+ t+e ordnar"
ne)rolo&st 8o)ld $refer to connect t. T+e s)$ernor'al fac)ltes of t+e
s)bl'nal ta3e )s nto t+e cos'c en2ron'entG and for /"ers t+s cos'c
en2ron'ent ta3es on 'ore and 'ore1 as t+e 2ol)'es $roceed1 t+e c+aracter
of a s$rt)al 8orld.9 4ro' ts nterco)rse 8t+ t+s s$rt)al 8orld t+e
s)bl'nal self of eac+ of )s 'a" dra8 stren&t+1 and co'')ncate t to t+e
s)$ral'nal lfe. T+e ener&sn& of lfe9 see's1 n fact1 to be one of ts
f)nctons. T+e re$arat2eness of slee$1 t+e c)rat2e effects of selfC
s)&&eston1 t+e )$r)s+n&9 ns$ratons of &en)s1 t+e re&enerat2e
nfl)ences of $ra"er and of rel&o)s selfCs)rrender1 t+e stren&t+ of belef
8+c+ '"stcal e#$erences &2e1 are all ascrbed b" /"ers to t+e
d"na'o&en"9 of t+e s$rt)al 8orld1 )$on 8+c+ 8e are enabled to 'a3e
drafts of $o8er b" 2rt)e of o)r connecton 8t+ o)r s)bl'nal. -e drea's
of a 'et+odcal e2ol)ton and e#tenson1 as o)r 3no8led&e of t+e c+annels
s+all '$ro2e1 of o)r reso)rces n t+s drecton.
/"ers5s t+eor"1 so far1 s s'$le eno)&+. It onl" $ost)lates an ndefnte
n8ard e#tenson of o)r ben&1 c)t off fro' co''on consco)sness b" a
screen or da$+ra&' not absol)tel" '$er2o)s b)t lable to lea3a&e and to
occasonal r)$t)re. T+e scentfc9 crtc can onl" sa" t s a $t" t+at so
2ast and 2a&)el" defned a +"$ot+ess s+o)ld be reared )$on a set of facts
so fe8 and so '$erfectl" ascertaned.
T+e 2a&)eness of t+e +"$ot+ess at t+s $ont c+efl" conssts n t+e llC
defned relatons of t+e s)bl'nal 8t+ ts cos'c9 en2ron'ent. Is t+s
latter t+e %bsol)te (o)l of t+e 6orld1 8t+ 8+c+ all o)r s)bl'nals 'a" be
s)$$osed to be s)bstantall" contn)o)sW Or are t+e 2aro)s s)bl'nals
dscontn)o)sWand s t+er nterco)rse transacted across an solatn&
nter2alW
%s t+e 8or3 $roceeds1 /"ers tends 'ore and 'ore to8ards t+e latter
conce$tonJ t+e s$rt)al 8orld9 beco'es a 8orld of s$rts9 8+c+
nteract.
T+s follo8s nat)rall" fro' t+e consderaton1 to 8+c+ +e ne#t
$roceeds1 of 2erdcal $+antas's and 'ed)'stc 'essa&es. %t frst s&+t
&+osts19 etc.1 (f ad'tted to be act)al $+eno'ena) 8o)ld see' to reE)re a
$+"scal rat+er t+an a 'ental +"$ot+ess for t+er e#$lanatonG and
'ed)'stc 'essa&es1 f ta3en at t+er face 2al)e1 s)&&est t+at t+e
controlln&9 s$rt ntr)des nto t+e 2er" or&ans' of t+e 'ed)' rat+er
t+an t+at t 'erel" act)ates t+e 'ed)'5s s)bl'nal 'nd. T+e $lot t+c3ens
2er" ')c+ +ereabo)ts1 and obl&es one to as3 'ore defntel" 8+et+er t+e
en2ron'ent of t+e s)bl'nal be 'ental e#cl)s2el" or 8+et+er t 'a" not
also be $+"scal. /"ers s s+" of $)ttn& fort+ $s"c+o$+"scal +"$ot+eses1
b)t n +s conce$tons of $+antas'o&enetc n2ason9 of s$ace and of
teler&"9 and tele3ness19 8e fnd t+at +e s forced to abandon $)rel"
'ental terrtor". ()bl'nal sel2es1 affectn& one anot+er n t+er E)alt" of
$)rel" $s"c+c enttes1 are not t+e sole factors t+at need be consdered n
o)r e#$lanatons. ($ace and t+er $+"scal relatons to s$ace are also
reE)red.
Let 'e ndcate 2er" brefl" 8+at are t+e essental $onts n /"ers5s
+andln& of t+s ne8 ran&e of e#$erences.
In t+e frst $lace1 ta3e t+e soCcalled 2erdcal $+antas's of t+e l2n&.9
%ss)'n& t+e' to be establs+ed b" t+e e2dence1 t+e records s+o8 t+at t+e
'nd of t+e $erc$ent ')st be at least one of t+e factors of t+er $rod)cton.
If t+e" 8ere $)rel" $+"scal or astral9 $resences1 8+" s+o)ld t+e" 8ear
eart+l" clot+es1 and carr" eart+l" accessoresW and 8+en t+e $erc$ent s n
t+e 'dst of co'$anons1 8+" s+o)ld t+e" so seldo' a$$ear to them?
E2dentl" t+e $+antas'1 8+ate2er 'a" be ts re'oter startn&C$ont1
n2ol2es1 as a 'ere ''edate bt of e#$erence1 t+e $s"c+o$+"scal $rocess
called +all)cnaton9 on t+e $art of t+e $erc$ent +'self.
(econdl"1 snce t+ere are 8ell recorded cases 8+ere a l2n& $erson1 %1
'ade +s $+antas' a$$ear to B b" s'$l" 8lln& t+at t s+o)ld do so1 and
snce n 'an" of t+e ot+er cases of $+antas's of t+e l2n&1 t+e $erson 8+o
a$$eared $robabl" #ished to a$$ear 8+ere +e dd a$$ear1 t see's far to
nter$ret t+ese a$$earances &enerall" as +all)cnatons $rod)ced b" t+e
acton of one 'nd )$on anot+er1 so'e8+at after t+e $attern of t+e
+all)cnatons 8+c+ a +"$notser 'a3es +s s)bDect e#$erence so easl" b"
s)&&estn& t+at +e s+all +a2e t+e'1 et+er d)rn& t+e +"$noss or after
8a3n& )$. Tele$at+"9 s t+e na'e 8+c+ /"ers &a2e to t+e ''edate
nfl)ence of one s)bl'nal )$on anot+er. T+e records see' to $ro2e t+at
tele$at+" et+er 'a" or 'a" not be a transfer of read"C'ade content fro'
one 'nd to anot+er. (o'et'es t+e nfl)encn& 'nd a$$ears to act onl" as
a s)&&est2e st')l)s1 and t+e res)lts on t+e 'nd nfl)enced s+o8 e2er"
2araton fro' a 2a&)e e'otonal 'ood to an elaborated $erce$ton f)ll of
accessores1 or to an a)to'atcall" '$)ls2e act.
Activity o$ the in$uencing mind at a distance $rom its body s at an" rate
$ro2ed1 accordn& to /"ers1 b" t+ese $+antas's of t+e l2n& and b" ot+er
tele$at+c $+eno'ena.
It s ro)nd t+s conce$ton of acton at a dstance1 to 8+c+ /"ers
a$$les t+e ter' of $s"c+cal n2ason19 t+at +s t+eor" no8 t)rns to8ards
ts )lteror de2elo$'ents.
T+e fact t+at a $+antas' 'a" a$$ear to a 8+ole collecton of $ersons at
once1 or to an ndfferent co'$anon of t+e $erson1 rat+er t+an to t+e $erson
+'self of 8+o' t+e $+antas'5s or&nal '&+t reasonabl" be s)$$osed to
be t+n3n&1 s)&&ests t+at o)r so)l5s n2as2e $o8ers a$$l" to o)ter s$ace as
8ell as to ot+er 'nds. /"ers ctes e#a'$les of t+ese1 as of all ot+er s$ecal
t"$es of case 8+c+ +s ar&)'ent reE)res1 and consders t+at t+e $robablt"
of t+s s$aceCn2ason b" t+e s)bl'nal $o8ers of t+e l2n& s stren&t+ened
b" t8o addtonal 3nds of fact. 4rst 8e +a2e cases of a$$arent blocaton9
of 'nd and or&ans'1 as 8+en a l2n& $erson a$$ears to 2e8 +s o8n
bod" fro' a re'ote $oston1 or to see +s o8n do)ble9 as a $+antas'G and
second1 8e +a2e an '$ress2e arra" of eases 8+c+ 'a3e for tra2elln&9
clar2o"ance1 (telFst+esa19 as /"ers calls t) 8+et+er n drea'1 n cr"stal
&aNn&1 or n t+e 'es'erc trance. /"ers nd)l&es n no +"$ot+ess
8+ate2er as to t+e modus operandi of t+s s$aceCn2ason b" o)r s)bl'nal.
%t an" rate t see's to brn& s$ace n as a $orton of t+e s)bl'nal5s
en2ron'ent. T+e s)bl'nal +as relatons 8t+ s$ace as 8ell as 8t+ ot+er
'nds.
(o far t+e $o8ers of l2n& $ersons +a2e been consdered e#cl)s2el".
B)t $+antas's of t+e slo8l" or s)ddenl" d"n& s+ade b" contn)t" of t'eC
relaton nto $+antas's of t+e recentl" dead1 and t+ese n t)rn s+ade nto
$+antas's of t+e lon& dead1 i.e. nto narrat2es of t+e +a)ntedC+o)se t"$e1 of
8+c+ t+e 'ass recorded s decdedl" '$osn&.
T+e order of t+eoretc constr)cton1 f 8e &o bac3 to t+e be&nnn&1 s
t+)s so'e8+at as follo8sJ4ro' +"$erFst+esa n t+e +"$notc state 8e
$ass &rad)all" nto tele$at+" bet8een t+e s)bDect and t+e o$eratorG fro' t+s
to $+antas'o&enetc tele$at+" bet8een l2n& 'en at a dstance fro' one
anot+erG fro' t+s to s$aceCn2asons1 8+et+er $+antas'o&enetc or
clar2o"ant1 b" t+e s)bl'nal of l2n& $ersonsG and fnall" fro' t+s to
s'lar n2asons ($+antas'o&enetc1 at an" rate) b" t+e dead. 6e t+)s
reac+ t+e +"$ot+ess of s$rt s)r22al. Pr'arl"1 8e reac+ t+s onl" n t+e
so'e8+at dotc for' of &+osts19 for )$ to t+s $ont 8e +a2e been
consdern& onl" 8+at /"ers calls a)to'ats's of t+e sensor" order.
B)t 'otor a)to'ats's carr" )s a &ood deal f)rt+er to8ards a 8orld of
s$rts.9 (ensor" a)to'ats's see' to be essentall" f)&aco)s. Rarel" s
t+er content elaboratel" de2elo$ed or $rolon&ed. It s E)te ot+er8se 8t+
a)to'atc 8rtn& and s$eec+1 for +ere t+e 'essa&es are consec)t2e1 and
brn& e#$lct $rofessons of or&n and $)r$ose alon& 8t+ t+e'. T+s 'a"
obtan 8+en t+e s)bDect 8+o offers t+e' s a8a3e as 8ell as 8+en +e s
entranced.
T+e 8+ole to$c of s$rt 'essa&es9 s t+)s o$ened )$ to o)r reflecton.
%lt+o)&+ /"ers ded before +e co)ld 8rte o)t +s re2e8 of t+e e2dence
for s$rt 'essa&es n detal1 +e all alon& s+o8s t+at +e dee'ed t s)ffcentJ
so'e s)c+ 'essa&es1 at an" rate1 +e +eld to +a2e been $ro2ed a)t+entc.
6t+ t+s o)r cos'c9 en2ron'ent1 as +e bele2ed n t1 co'es nto f)ll
2e8. O)r s)bl'nals s)rro)nd one anot+er and act )$on one anot+er1 as
8ell as )$on s$aceG and s$rts of t+e de$arted (8+c+ 'a" t+e'sel2es be
constt)ted as 8e are1 and +a2e so'et+n& l3e a s)bl'nal condton of
t+er o8n) 'a" also act )$on )s and )$on s$ace1 and rece2e o)r acton too.
6+en t+e acton s transent1 t s $robabl" 'erel" an '$act )$on o)r
s)bl'nal1 of 8+c+ 8e need not necessarl" s)s$ect t+e so)rce. 6+en t s
'ore $rotracted or n2as2e19 s$ace &ets affected1 and 8e et+er see a &+ost
or feel a $resenceG and t s an o$en E)eston1 n s)c+ effects as t+ese )$on
o)r consco)sness1 +o8 far o)r s)bl'nal 'nd e#cl)s2el" rece2es t+e
o$eraton of t+e n2ader1 and +o8 far +e 'a" act drectl" on o)r $+"scal
ner2o)s s"ste'. Prolon&ed $ossesson9 or control9 of t+e or&ans' see's
to n2ol2e t+e $rofo)ndest sort of o$eraton 8+c+ s $ossbleG and /"ers s
8lln& +ere to ad't t+at t+e fore&n s$rt 'a" drectl" act)ate t+e
'ed)'5s ner2o)s s"ste'.
T+at s$rts of de$arted 'en s+o)ld act)ate t+ese l2n& bodes of o)rs
drectl"1 s+o8s a for' of $+"scal nfl)ence to 8+c+ /"ers &2es t+e na'e
of teeBinesis1 and of 8+c+ stll ot+er nstances 8o)ld be t+e ra$s1 t+e tableC
'o2n&s 8t+o)t contact1 and t+e ot+er $+"scal $+eno'ena of
'ed)'s+$19 as t+e" are co''onl" ter'ed. /"ers dsc)sses t+ese
$+eno'ena 8arl"1 )sn& delcate 'et+ods of &rad)al a$$roac+ (see
es$ecall" t+e e#E)stel" n&eno)s (c+e'e of Vtal 4ac)lt"19 8+c+ o)&+t
to +a2e been $ro'nentl" $rnted as t+e concl)dn& c+a$ter of t+e 8+ole
boo31 b)t 8+c+ a$$ears ncons$c)o)sl" a'on& t+e %$$endces as (ecton
@.B %1 Vol. II.1 $$. ?>?K??<). On t+e 8+ole +e see's 8ell ds$osed to treat
t+e e2dence for $+"scal $+eno'ena as adeE)ate.
%nd no8 +s 8+ole t+eor" les before )s. It s a 2ast s"nt+ess1 b)t a
co+erent one1 not8t+standn& t+e 2a&)eness of so'e of t+e ter's t+at
f&)re n t. !o one of t+e dots b" 8+c+ +s 'a$ s $lotted o)t1 no one of t+e
corners9 reE)red b" +s tran&)laton1 s $)rel" +"$ot+etcal. -e offers
e'$rcal e2dence for t+e concrete e#stence of e2er" ele'ent 8+c+ +s
sc+e'e $ost)lates and 8or3s 8t+. In lo&cal for' t+e t+eor" s t+)s a
scentfc constr)cton of a 2er" +&+ order1 a&anst 8+c+ one can )r&e onl"
t8o &eneral 3nds of obDecton. One can sa" frst t+at t+e ste$$n&Cstones
t+e'sel2es1 t+e corners1 are too fral1 t+at t+e t"$es of fact n2o3ed need
')c+ addtonal corroboratonG or one can sa"1 e2en f t+e 3nds of facts
8ere ad'tted to be sold 8+ere t+e" +a2e been obser2ed1 t+at /"ers +as
ascrbed a )n2ersalt" and an e#tenson to t+e' for 8+c+ +e +as no
8arrant1 t+at +e +as dra8n +s r)les fro' t+e e#ce$tonal cases1 and 'ade
+s s$rt)al )n2erse too contn)o)s.
,sre&ardn& t+ese crtcs's for t+e 'o'ent1 I a' '$elled to sa" a
8ord abo)t t+s 'atter of /"ers5s scentfc9 ablt". Readn& +' afres+ n
t+ese t8o 2ol)'es1 I fnd '"self flled 8t+ an ad'raton 8+c+ al'ost
s)r$rses 'e. T+e 8or31 8+ate2er 8ea3nesses t 'a" +a2e1 str3es 'e as at
least a 'aster$ece of coordnaton and )nfcaton. T+e 2ol)'no)s arsenal
of cases9 of 8+c+ t+e a)t+or5s 'e'or" ds$oses '&+t 'a3e t+e 'ost
er)dte nat)ralst or +storan en2" +'1 and +s delcate $o8er of serall"
assortn& +s facts1 so as to fnd al8a"s D)st t+e case +e needs to ft nto a
&a$ n t+e sc+e'e1 s 8+oll" ad'rable. -e s+o8s ndeed a &en)s not
)nl3e t+at of C+arles ,ar8n for dsco2ern& s+adn&s and transtons1 and
&radn& do8n dscontn)tes n +s ar&)'ent.
T+ree crc)'stances1 $robabl"1 +a2e 8or3ed a&anst t+e &eneral $)blc
reco&nton of /"ers5s scentfc $o8ers. T+ese +a2e been1 frst1 t+e nat)re
of t+e 'ateral +e 8or3ed nG second1 +s lterar" fl)enc"G and t+rd1 +s
e'otonal nterest n ''ortalt". T+e t8o latter c+aracterstcs1 co'bnn&
t+er effects1 +a2e &2en to certan $assa&es n t+e $resent 2ol)'es a tone so
l"rcal t+at t 'a" 8ell 'a3e t+e' dstastef)l to t+e ordnar" scentfc
reader. 4or $ro$a&andst $)r$oses t+e e#stence of t+ese $assa&es s1 I t+n31
to be re&retted. /"ers co)ld 8ell +a2e afforded (+a2n& s+o8n +s
)nds$)ted l"rcal $o8er else8+ere) to be dr"er n t+s ar&)'ent1 and b"
ben& so +e 8o)ld +a2e do)btless t)rned certan $ossble dsc$les1 no8 lost
to +'1 nto res$ectf)l lsteners. B)t +e so +abt)all" sa8 t+e 'eanest
s)bl'nal $+eno'ena n t+e l&+t of t+at transterrene 8orld 8t+ 8+c+
t+e" '&+t re'otel" be connected1 t+at t+e" beca'e &lorfed n +s 'nd
nto e#$erences n t+e'sel2es 'aDestc. %ll +s 'aterals 8ere obDects of
lo2e to +'1 and t+e rc+l" latnNed and +ellenNed 2ocab)lar" n 8+c+ +e
s$o3e of t+e' s+o8s +o8 t+e" affected +s 'a&naton.
4ro' t+s $ont of 2e8 I t+n3 8e need not re&ret a feat)re of t+ese
2ol)'es 8+c+ to so'e $ersons 'a" +a2e see'ed $at+etc. /"ers1 na'el"1
8as c)t off b" deat+ before +e co)ld 8rte +s drect dsc)sson of t+e
e2dence for s$rtCret)rn. B)t t+at dsc)sson s a 'atter of dr"CasCd)st
detal 8+c+ 'a" 8ell be left to t+e $a&es of o)r &roceedings and 1ourna1
and to 8or3ers 8+o are not s)c+ )n2ersal &en)ses. -e +as f)ll" e#$ressed
n t+s boo3 +s &eneral $oston on t+e s)bDectG and ben& so l"rcal a
fo)ntan n t+e drecton of ''ortalt"1 +e co)ld +ardl" +a2e e'bar3ed on
t+e e2dence 8t+o)t alenatn& stll 'ore a class of st)dents 8+ose
s"'$at+" 'a" on t+e 8+ole be $reco)s. E2en t+o)&+ t+e ca$Cstone of t+e
8or31 as +e $roDected t1 be lac3n&1 stll t+e essental /"ers s n t1 for t s
as t+e or&anser and coordnator1 far 'ore t+an as t+e crtc of t+s or t+at
$artc)lar set of obser2atons1 t+at $ostert" 8ll best re'e'ber +'.
%s re&ards t+e tr)t+ of +s t+eor"1 as contraCdstn&)s+ed fro' ts
for'al 'erts as a constr)ct2e effort1 t s certanl" too earl" for an" one to
$ass do&'atc D)d&'ent. /ost readers1 e2en t+ose 8+o ad're t+e sc+e'e
as a 8+ole1 8ll do)btless s+rn3 fro' "eldn& t+er credence to t
)nreser2edl". It 8ll see' l3e s3atn& o2er ce too t+n for an" ntellect less
n'ble t+an /"ers5s to $lace ts feet on boldl". T+e t"$es of case 8+c+ +e
)ses as ste$$n& stones are so'e of t+e'1 at $resent1 et+er n E)alt" or
E)antt"1 decdedl" 8ea3 s)$$orts for t+e 8e&+t 8+c+ t+e t+eor" 8o)ld
rest )$on t+e'1 and t re'ans at least $ossble t+at f)t)re records 'a" not
re'ed" t+s fralt".
T+e re$roac+ t+at +e +as o2erC&eneralNed t+e e#ce$tonal s also one
8+c+1 n t+e $resent state of o)r 3no8led&e1 cannot be decdedl" reb)tted.
-e 'a" e#tend t+e s)bl'nal too far 8+en +e s)$$oses t+at all of )s
$ossess t1 and t+at 8or3s of &en)s &enerall" +a2e t+er so)rce n t. -e 'a"
e#tend $+antas's9 too far 8+en +e flls a 8+ole cos'c en2ron'ent 8t+
s$rts able to en&ender t+e'. %s bet8een t+e nd2d)al s)bl'nal and t+e
cos'c en2ron'ent1 +e 'a" also not +a2e dra8n t+e bo)ndar" correctl".
T+ere 'a" 8ell be 'ore of t+e dssol)t2e9 s)bl'nal and less of t+e
s$rt9 t+an +e s)$$oses1 n so'e of +s $al'ar" $+eno'ena. B)t +o8e2er
t 'a" +a2e to be contracted n one case1 or e#tended n anot+er1 t+e
s)bl'nal re&on1 as /"ers conce2ed t1 8ll re'an a vera causa n
$s"c+olo&"1 e#$lanator"1 et+er of t+e 8+ole or of a $art1 of t+e &reat 'ass
of occ)lt occ)rrences so far as t+e" are a)t+entc. %)to'ats's9 are ndeed
8+at +e frst sad t+e" 8ere1 'essa&es fro' t+e s)bl'nal to t+e
s)$ral'nal re&ons.
T+e '$erfecton 8+c+ I feel 'ost ac)tel" n /"ers5s s)r2e" of t+e
s)bl'nal lfe s ts fal)re adeE)atel" to acco)nt for ts ben& so '$artall"
t+e +o'e bot+ of e2ol)t2e and of dssol)t2e $+eno'ena. T+e $arastc
deas of $s"c+oCne)ross1 and t+e fctto)s $ersonatons of $lanc+etteC
8rtn& and 'ed)'s+$ resde t+ere sde b" sde 8t+ t+e ns$ratons of
&en)s1 8t+ t+e fac)ltes of tele$at+" and telFst+esa1 and 8t+ t+e
s)sce$tblt" of &en)ne s$rtCcontrol. /"ers felt t+e $arado#cal c+aracter
of s)c+ co+abtaton1 and1 as )s)al1 8as read" 8t+ a s)&&eston for
atten)atn& t+e dffc)lt".
It 'a" be e#$ected19 +e 8rtes1 t+at s)$ernor'al 2tal $+eno'ena 8ll
'anfest t+e'sel2es as far as $ossble t+ro)&+ t+e sa'e c+annels as
abnor'al or 'orbd 2tal $+eno'ena1 8+en t+e sa'e centres or t+e sa'e
s"ner&es are )sed.Y If t+ere be 8t+n )s a secondar" self a'n& at
'anfestaton b" $+"solo&cal 'eans1 t see's $robable t+at ts readest
$at+ of e#ternalsatonts readest o)tlet of 2sble acton'a" often le
alon& so'e trac3 8+c+ +as alread" been s+o8n to be a lne of lo8
resstance b" t+e dsnte&ratn& $rocesses of dsease1Y le alon& so'e $lane
of clea2a&e 8+c+ t+e 'orbd dssocatons of o)r $s"c+cal s"ner&es +a2e
alread" s+o8n t+e'sel2es ds$osed to follo89 (Vol. II.1 $. A<).
B)t t+s conce$ton s defcent n clearness. %re t+ere t+ree Nones of
s)bl'nal lfe1 of 8+c+ t+e nner'ost s dissoutive1 t+e 'ddle one
superior (t+e None of &en)s1 tele$at+"1 etc.)1 and t+e o)ter'ost supreme
and rece$t2e drectl" of t+e '$act of t+e s$rtC8orldW %nd can t+e t8o
latter Nones reac+ t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness onl" b" $assn& t+ro)&+
t+e nteror and nferor None1 and conseE)entl" )sn& ts c+annels and
'#n& ts 'orbd effects 8t+ t+er o8nW Or s t+e s)bl'nal s)$eror
t+ro)&+o)t 8+en consdered n tself1 and are t+e c)ro)s $arasts's of
+"stera and alternate $ersonalt"1 and t+e c)ro)s )ncrtcal $ass2t" to t+e
abs)rdest s)&&estons 8+c+ 8e obser2e n +"$noss to be e#$laned b"
defect2e branCacton e#cl)s2el"1 8t+o)t brn&n& n t+e s)bl'nal 'ndW
Is t t+e bran1 n s+ort1 8+c+ 2tates and '#es res)lts1 or s t t+e nteror
None of t+e s)bl'nal 'ndW I 'a3e no atte'$t to sol2e t+e E)eston.
*
It s
$ractcall" as 8ell as t+eoretcall" a 2tal one1 for t+ere can be no do)bt
8+ate2er t+at t+e great obstacle to t+e rece$ton of a Detanschauung l3e
/"ers5s s t+at t+e s)$eror $+eno'ena 8+c+ t bele2es n are so
en2elo$ed and s'ot+ered n t+e 'ass of t+er de&enerat2e con&eners and
acco'$an'ents t+at t+e" be&et a collect2e '$resson of ds&)st1 and t+at
onl" t+e stron&est of 'ental sto'ac+s can $c3 t+e' o2er and see3 t+e &old
a'on&st t+e r)bbs+.
/ean8+le t ')st not be for&otten1 f one fnds /"ers5s 'a$
)nsatsfactor"1 t+at no re&)lar $s"c+olo&st +as e2er tred +s +and at t+e
$roble'. Ps"c+olo&sts ad't a s)bl'nal lfe to e#st n +"$noss and n
+"stera1 and t+e" )se a case l3e t+at of 7anet5s %drenne9 to e#$lan t+e
'anner n 8+c+ secondar" $ersonaltes9 'a" beco'e or&ansed. B)t t+e
e#stence all abo)t )s of t+o)sands and of tens of t+o)sands of $ersons1 not
$erce$tbl" +"sterc or )n+ealt+"1 8+o are 'ed)'stc to t+e de&ree at an"
rate of ben& a)to'atc 8rters1 and 8+ose 'ed)'s' res)lts n t+ese
&rotesE)e '$ersonatons1 t+s1 I sa"1 s a $+eno'enon of +)'an lfe 8+c+
t+e" do not e2en atte'$t to connect 8t+ an" of t+e ot+er facts of !at)re.
%dd t+e fact t+at t+e 'ed)'s+$ often &2es s)$ernor'al nfor'aton1 and
t beco'es e2dent t+at t+e $+eno'enon cannot consst of $)re eccentrct"
and solaton. T+ere s 'et+od n tG t ')st +a2e a conte#t of so'e sort and
belon& to a re&on 8+ere ot+er t+n&s can be fo)nd also. It cres alo)d for
sero)s n2est&aton. /"ers5s 'a$ s t+e onl" scentfcall" sero)s
n2est&aton t+at +as "et been offered. It s to be +o$ed t+at t+ose 8+o' t
dssatsfes 'a" not 'erel" reDect t1 b)t also 'a3e so'e effort to $ro2de
so'et+n& better.
I cannot concl)de 8t+o)t $a"n& '" trb)te to t+e nn)'erable
felctes of s)&&eston 8t+ 8+c+ 'uman &ersonaity abo)nds. /"ers5s
)rbant" of st"le1 and +s &en)s for analo&" 8ere ne2er 'ore $rof)sel"
ds$la"ed1 or n so 'an" drectons. Bold as +s t+eor" s1 t s one of ts
'erts t+at t s+o)ld be so sober n t+e 8a" of et+er $+"scal or
'eta$+"scal +"$ot+ess. 6+at s$rts9 are1 or 8+at t+er relatons are to
s$ace19 +e ne2er tres to sa"1 b)t )ses t+e ter's l3e a Natur$orscher1 as
'ere des&natons for factors of $+eno'ena. T+e boo3 on t+e 8+ole ')st
be consdered a 8ort+" 'on)'ent to +s 'e'or".
6ILLI%/ 7%/E(.

'uman &ersonaity and (ts Surviva o$ )odiy *eath. B" 4RE,ERIC 6. -.
/YER(. . 2ols. Lon&'ans1 Green & Co.1 *@>;. LRe2e8ed b" 6lla'
/c,o)&all1 2ind1 *.J?*;K.B.M
T-E(E t8o lar&e 2ol)'es1 contann& *1;B> closel" $rnted $a&es1
$resent n fnal for' t+e res)lts of t+e lfeClon& researc+ of t+e late 4. 6. -.
/"ers. T+s researc+1 to 8+c+ /"ers de2oted +s &reat ca$actes 8t+ an
ad'rable and steadl" &lo8n& ent+)sas'1 8as concerned 8t+ t+e
$roble's at once t+e 'ost obsc)re and t+e 'ost 'o'ento)s t+at t+e +)'an
'nd can le&t'atel" +o$e to sol2e1 t+e $roble's of t+e nat)re >f 'an1 of
+s s)r22al of t+e deat+ of t+e bod"1 and of t+e e#stence of a 8orld of
$)rel" s$rt)al ben&s. Boo3s dealn& 8t+ t+ese s)bDects are of co)rse
co''on eno)&+1 and t+e $ec)lar nterest attac+n& to /"ers5 researc+es
arses1 not fro' t+e nat)re of t+e $roble's dsc)ssed1 b)t fro' t+e nat)re of
t+e 'et+ods b" 8+c+ +e atte'$ted a sol)ton of t+e'. -e 8as t+e frst1
t+o)&+ ass)redl" not t+e last1 to a$$l" to t+ese $roble's $ersstentl" and
consstentl" t+e nd)ct2e 'et+ods of 'odern scenceG and t+s fact alone1
e2en f t+e fnal o)tco'e of t+e nE)r" s+o)ld $ro2e entrel" ne&at2e1 ')st
enttle +' to a $er'anent $lace n t+e +stor" of 'an5s ntellect)al
de2elo$'ent. -t+erto t+e belef n a f)t)re lfe +as been a 'atter of fat+J
/"ers so)&+t to 'a3e t a 'atter of 3no8led&e. %nd +e r&+tl" bele2ed t+at
t+s nE)r" s one of s)$re'e nterest to t+at s'all $art of t+e +)'an race
8+c+ 8s+es to 3no8 and to )nderstand. Co)ld a $roof of o)r s)r22al be
obtaned19 +e 8rote1 t 8o)ld carr" )s dee$er nto t+e tr)e nat)re of t+e
)n2erse t+an 8e s+o)ld be carred b" an e2en $erfect 3no8led&e of t+e
'ateral sc+e'e of t+n&s. It 8o)ld carr" )s dee$er bot+ b" ac+e2e'ent
and b" $ro'se. T+e dsco2er" t+at t+ere 8as a lfe + 'an nde$endent of
blood and bran 8o)ld be a cardnal1 a do'natn& fact n all scence and n
all $+loso$+". %nd t+e $ros$ect t+)s o$ened to +)'an 3no8led&e1 n t+s
or ot+er 8orlds1 8o)ld be l'tless ndeed.9 6t+ t+s est'ate of t+e
'$ortance of t+e dsco2er" conte'$lated 8e ')st all a&ree1 8+et+er1 as
/"ers dd1 8e ardentl" lon& for ts ac+e2e'ent1 or rat+er feel t+at $roof of
t+e s)r22al of o)r $ersonalt" after deat+ 8o)ld snatc+ a8a" fro' )s t+e
s)re +o$e of )lt'ate e#tncton1 t+e certant" of a fnal and )nendn& slee$1
and 8o)ld f# once 'ore )$on o)r nec3s t+e "o3e of t+at 2a&)e dread
before t+e lls 8e 3no8 not of1 8+c+ 'an3nd +as see'ed to be slo8l" and
$anf)ll" slo)&+n& off.
T+ere s of co)rse a lar&e class of $ersons of ntellect)al +abts to 8+o'
t+e $)rs)t of t+e doctrne of t+e encltc *e9 or t+e classfcaton of t+e
2aretes of t+e co''on Trlobte 'a" see' an allCs)ffcent 'ental
e#ercse. B)t e2en to t+e' /"ers5 8or3 s+o)ld n so'e de&ree a$$eal 8+en
t s $onted o)t t+at ts res)lts 'a" be of 'ost nt'ate and $ractcal
'$ortance to eac+ one of )s d)rn& o)r lfe on eart+. 4or f /"ers5
concl)sons are n t+e 'an 8ell fo)nded1 8e s+all +a2e to ad't t+e
reasonableness of t+e doctrnes of t+e C+rstanCscentsts1 and eac+ one of
)s 'a" set abo)t t+e re&)laton of +s lfe b" 'et+ods alled to t+ers1 8t+
&ood +o$es of &reat $ractcal benefts to +'self and to t+e 8orld n &eneral.
T+e for'aton of a decded o$non as to t+e s)ccess or fal)re of /"ers5
'an contenton1 t+e s)r22al of t+e $ersonalt" after deat+1 ')st be
$ost$oned1 $robabl" for a 8+ole &eneraton at least1 and ndefntel" lon&er
f t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+1 or ot+er socetes of s'lar a's1
s+o)ld fal to carr" on ts 8or3 b" t+e scentfc 'et+ods e'$lo"ed b"
/"ers1 (d&8c3 and G)rne"1 and n t+e crtcal s$rt 8+c+ t+e" ds$la"ed.
%t $resent t+e 'an strands n t+e ro$e of e2dence are too fe8 to $er't )s
to cast o)rsel2es )$on t 8t+ confdence. 4or f one of t+ose see'n&l"
so)nd strands s+o)ld $ro2e 8ort+less1 t+e rest 8o)ld not bear t+e 8e&+t of
o)r belef. To ll)strate '" 'eann&1 let 'e 'a&ne for a 'o'ent t+at t
co)ld be s+o8n t+at /"ers +'self 8as a 8ellC'eann& b)t )nscr)$)lo)s
fanatc (a t+n& I do not n t+e least s)s$ect or 8s+ to s)&&est) bent )$on
leadn& )s bac3 at all costs to t+e ancent for's of rel&o)s bonda&e. In t+at
case t+e 8+ole e2dental ro$e 8o)ld be fatall" 8ea3ened.
T+e boo3 s so rc+ n 'atter $resented 8t+ so ')c+ s3ll t+at for ts
adeE)ate crtcs' a lar&e 2ol)'e 8o)ld be necessar". %lread" a n)'ber of
'en of t+e +&+est dstncton and of t+e 'ost d2erse ntellect)al $)rs)ts
+a2e &2en )s t+er a$$recatons and t+er crtcs's. B)t for t+e
$s"c+olo&st one ob2o)s tas3 re'ans1 a crtcal e#a'naton of /"ers5
doctrne of t+e s)bl'nal (elf9. 4or t+s doctrne s not onl" a $ro'nent
$art of /"ers5 ar&)'ent for t+e reasonableness of t+e belef n t+e s)r22al
of t+e $ersonalt"1 b)t s1 f tr)e1 a no2elt" of t+e frst '$ortance for t+e
scence of $s"c+olo&". Of t+s conce$ton Prof. 7a'es +as &2en a
s"'$at+etc acco)nt1 and +as stated t+at b" t /"ers coll&ated and coC
ordnated a 'ass of $+eno'ena 8+c+ +ad ne2er before been consdered
to&et+er9. (r Ol2er Lod&e +as recorded +s o$non t+at t s a &ood
8or3n& +"$ot+ess9 and a &reat conce$ton9. Prof. 4lo)rno" +as declared
t to be e#tre'el" re'ar3able and 8ort+" of t+e sero)s attenton of e2en
offcal and )n2erst" $s"c+olo&sts9. /r. /alloc3 +as condescended to
'sre$resent t1 and /r. %ndre8 Lan& +as ab)ndantl" de'onstrated t+e
fact. B)t so far as I 3no81 no one +as )nderta3en a crtcal e#a'naton of
t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal (elf9 as t s fnall" $resented b" ts
a)t+or.
4rst let )s note t+e '$ortant $lace 8+c+ t+s +"$ot+ess 8as des&ned
b" /"ers to fll. It 8as +s $r'e obDect n 8rtn& t+s boo31 not 'erel" to
detal t+e e2dence for s)r22al1 for t+at +ad alread" been done for t+e 'ost
$art else8+ere1 b)t to $resent t n s)c+ a 8a" t+at t+e ne8 3no8led&e1 as +e
dee'ed t1 s+o)ld be n contn)t" 8t+ t+e old1 t+at t s+o)ld a$$ear
reconcled to1 or +ar'onsed 8t+1 t+e &eneral bod" of acce$ted scentfc
tr)t+1 and es$ecall" 8t+ t+e 8ellCfo)nded concl)sons of 'odern bolo&"
and $s"c+olo&". !o8 t+e belef t+at a 'an5s $ersonalt" can s)r22e t+e
deat+ of +s bod" '$les t+at t+at $ersonalt" s1 or s t+e 'anfestaton of1
so'e entt" t+at s ca$able of l2n& and 'anfestn& essentall" s'lar
for's of act2t"1 na'el"1 t+o)&+t1 feeln& and e'oton1 8+en ts relatons
8t+ t+e bod" are destro"ed b" t+e dssol)ton of t+e latter. On t+e ot+er
+and1 'odern bolo&" +as ta)&+t )s to re&ard t+e bod" as an a&&re&aton of
nd2d)als and ts act2tes as t+e res)ltant of t+e coordnaton of t+e
act2tes of t+ese nd2d)als. %nd 'an" t+n3ers +a2e felt t+e'sel2es
co'$elled to ass)'e t+at eac+ of t+ese )nts +as n so'e de&ree ts o8n
$s"c+cal lfe1 and t+at t+e $s"c+cal lfe of 'an1 ncl)dn& all t+at 8e 'ean
b" $ersonalt"1 b" t+e (elf1 s b)t a coordnaton nto a s"ste'atc 8+ole of
t+ese 'nor $s"c+cal l2es. T+s doctrne1 8+et+er )nder t+e for' of
ato'stc +"loNos'9 or ')lt$le 'onads'9 (to )se Prof. 7a'es5s
e#$ressons)1 /"ers acce$ts1 and +e r&+tl" $onts o)t t+at t+e recent
de'onstratons of d2ded $ersonaltes actn& n and t+ro)&+ t+e one bod"
s)$$ort t+s 2e8. /"ers t+en bele2es t+at bot+ t+ese 2e8s ')st be
acce$tedG +e asserts 8t+ /. Rbot t+at t+e (elf s a coCordnaton19 and
8t+ Red t+at t+e E&o s a $er'anent )nt"1 and +e sets +'self to effect a
reconcle'ent of t+e t8o o$$osn& s"ste's n a $rofo)nder s"nt+ess9. T+e
$rofo)nder s"nt+ess s to be effected b" ad of t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e
s)bl'nal (elf9. T+s conce$ton s too )nfa'lar1 too s)btle1 and too
$rofo)nd to be set fort+ concsel" n 8ords. /"ers1 t+erefore1 no8+ere
atte'$ts t+s feat1 b)t str2es to ntrod)ce t+e conce$ton to o)r 'nds b"
ds$la"n& n s)ccess2e c+a$ters 8+at +e bele2es to be t+e 'anfestatons
of t+e s)bl'nal (elf9. B)t t s s+ado8ed fort+ b" t+e state'ent t+at t+e
ter' s)bl'nal s )sed to co2er a t+at ta3es $lace beneat+ t+e ordnar"
t+res+old9 of consco)sness1 not onl" t+ose fant st')latons 8+ose 2er"
fantness 3ee$s t+e' s)b'er&ed1 b)t ')c+ else 8+c+ $s"c+olo&" as "et
scarcel" reco&nsesG sensatons1 t+o)&+ts1 e'otons1 8+c+ 'a" be stron&1
defnte1 and nde$endent1 b)t 8+c+1 b" t+e or&nal constt)ton of o)r
ben&1 seldo' e'er&e nto t+at supraimina c)rrent of consco)sness 8+c+
8e +abt)all" dentf" 8t+ ourseves9.
In $assa&es scattered t+ro)&+o)t t+e boo3 8e learn t+at /"ers acce$ts
t+e oldC8orld conce$ton of a sou 8+c+ e#ercses an '$erfect and
fl)ct)atn& control o2er t+e or&ans'9 and t+at +e conce2es t+at control to
be e#ercsed alon& t8o 'an c+annels1 onl" $artl" concdentt+at of
ordnar" consco)sness1 ada$ted to t+e 'antenance and &)dance of eart+C
lfeG and t+at of s)bl'nal consco)sness1 ada$ted to t+e 'antenance of o)r
lar&er s$rt)al lfe d)rn& o)r confne'ent n t+e fles+9. 6e learn also t+at
b" t+e s)bl'nal c+annel t+e so)l $o)rs s$rt)al ener&" nto t+e bod" and
t+at t 3ee$s t+e bod" al2e b" attendn& to t9 (s)bl'nall")G t+at t+e
s)bl'nal (elf9 s stratfed1 and t+at 8+le ts strata are of 2er" dfferent
de&rees of 8ort+1 t+e +&+er strata are of a nat)re to deser2e o)r $rofo)ndest
ad'raton. It a$$ears t+at t+e t8o seres of states of consco)sness1 to&et+er
8t+ t8o contn)o)s c+ans of 'e'or"1 and t+e t8o for's of act2t" of t+e
so)l 8+c+ &enerate t+e'1 as t e#ercses control o2er t+e or&ans' t+ro)&+
s)bl'nal and s)$ral'nal c+annels1 constt)te t+e s)bl'nal and
s)$ral'nal sel2es res$ect2el". T+ese t8o sel2es are se$arated1 not
co'$letel"1 b)t onl" $artall" b" an '$erfect da$+ra&'1 as t 8ere1 of
8+c+ t+e $er'eablt" 2ares &reatl" n dfferent nd2d)als. T+e t8o
c+annels t+ro)&+ 8+c+ t+e so)l e#ercses t+s d)al control see' to be t8o
s"ste's of ner2eCcentres1 and n bot+ s"ste's 8e ')st dstn&)s+ a
+erarc+" of lo8erC1 'ddleC1 and )$$erCle2el centres. In t+e &l'$ses of t+e
s)bl'nal self9 8+c+ 8e 'ost freE)entl" &et1 t a$$ears stran&el" l'ted
n ntell&ence1 nco+erent and e2en false1 b)t t+s s beca)se 8e are t+en
8tnessn& t+e 8or3n& of t+e so)l t+ro)&+ 'ddleCle2el s)bl'nal centres
onl"19 and n s$te of t+s 8e ')st re&ard t+e s)bl'nal self9 as on t+e
8+ole 2astl" s)$eror to t+e s)$ral'nal selfG as (r Ol2er Lod&e +as t1
t+e s)bl'nal s $robabl" t+e 'ore real and 'ore noble1 'ore
co'$re+ens2e1 'ore ntell&ent self19 and abo2e all1 as /"ers constantl"
tells )s1 t s t+e 'ore $rofo)nd of t+e t8o1 +&+er n t+e e2ol)tonar" scale1
and 'ore $er'anent.
In atte'$tn& to &ras$ t+e 'eann& of all t+s and to dsco2er n 8+at
8a" t+e 'ass of $+eno'ena descrbed b" /"ers D)stf" t+s +"$ot+ess1 t s
8ell to +a2e before o)r 'nds t+e 2aro)s conce$tons of s)bconsco)s or
)nconsco)s 'ental factors t+at are c)rrent a'on& ordnar" $s"c+olo&sts.
T+e ter' Ht+e :nconsco)sI 'ade1 of co)rse1 a consderable f&)re n
'eta$+"scal s"ste's of t+e earler $art of t+e last cent)r"1 and abo)t t+e
'ddle of t+at cent)r" t a$$ears to +a2e been ta3en o2er b" t+e
$s"c+olo&sts fro' t+e 'eta$+"scans. 4or t +ad b" t+at t'e beco'e clear
t+at t s '$ossble to &2e a co'$lete and connected acco)nt of 'ental lfe
n ter's of states of consco)sness onl". B)t t+e conce$ton of t+e
)nconsco)s +as ass)'ed 2er" d2erse c+aracters and 2er" dfferent de&rees
of '$ortance n t+e +ands of dfferent $s"c+olo&sts. 6e 'a" dstn&)s+ n
t+e frst $lace (*) $+"solo&cal $rocesses +a2n& no ''edate $s"c+cal
correlate or effectG (.) $+"solo&cal $rocesses 8t+ acco'$an"n& $s"c+cal
effects 8+c+ are states of a secondar" or s)bsdar" consco)sness and
8+c+ re'an se$arate and s+)t o)t fro' t+e $r'ar" consco)sness. T+e
occ)rrence of s)c+ secondar" consco)sness1 or consco)sncsses1 8+c+
8ere $ost)lated 'an" "ears a&o b" 2on -art'ann and b" +' dstn&)s+ed
as t+e relat2el" )nconsco)s19 +as no8 been $ro2ed (so far as nference
can $ro2e an" consco)sness ot+er t+an '" o8n) b" 'odern st)des n
$s"c+oC$at+olo&"1 es$ecall" t+ose of /. Perre 7anet. %s re&ards t+e
secondar" consco)sness t+e 'an $ont n ds$)te s as to ts e#tenson.
6+le /. 7anet 8o)ld ass&n an nde$endent fra&'ent of secondar"
consco)sness to e2er" relat2el" nde$endent for' of ner2o)s act2t"1 e2en
to s)c+ $rocesses as t+e $)rel" s$nal refle# act1 and 8+le 2on -art'ann1
t+o)&+ den"n& t to t+ese s'$lest 3nds of ner2o)s act2t"1 re&ards t as
constantl" acco'$an"n& t+e act2t" of &ro)$s of ner2eCcells of rat+er
&reater co'$le#t"1 ot+ers $refer to ass)'e ts occ)rrence onl" 8+ere 8e
+a2e so'e &ro)nd for ''edatel" nferrn& t1 na'el"1 n certan abnor'al
states1 +"stercal and so'na'b)lc. (;) % t+rd conce$ton of an
)nconsco)s factor n 'ental lfe s t+at of $s"c+cal act2tes as dstnct
fro' $s"c+cal $rod)cts1 t+e states or $+eno'ena of consco)sness. T+s s
2on -art'ann5s Habsol)tel" )nconsco)sI 8+c+ +as fallen nto so ')c+
dsre$)te. Yet1 as "on -art'ann s+o8s1 t+e conce$ton s c)rrent 8t+ 'an"
$s"c+olo&sts1 and ndeed )nless 8e are $re$ared to re&ard consco)sness as
a 'ere e$$+eno'enon (n t+e sense of -)#le") 8e ')st I t+n3 ad't t+e
2aldt" of t+s conce$ton. T+)s 8+en I loo3 at an obDect on '" table ts
dstance fro' 'e s &2en at once to consco)snessG "et 8e 3no8 t+at t+s
state of consco)sness res)lts fro' a +&+l" co'$le# seres of $rocesses. Or
a&an1 8+en I lft n t)rn t8o $erce$tbl" dfferent 8e&+ts n order to
co'$are t+e'1 t+e D)d&'ent l&+ter9 or +ea2er9 s &2en ''edatel" to
consco)sness as I lft t+e second 8e&+tG t+e state of consco)sness
e#$ressed b" t+e $+rase t+s s +ea2er9 s a $rod)ct of an act2t" 8+c+
les alto&et+er o)tsde consco)sness. T+e sa'e +olds tr)e of far 'ore
co'$le# states1 f not of all1 and as 8e ascend t+e scale of co'$le#t" t
beco'es ncreasn&l" dffc)lt to $ost)late a $+"solo&cal act2t" adeE)ate
to t+e $rod)cton of t+e state of consco)sness.
(<) 6e +a2e t+e conce$t of t+e ()bconsco)s as $resented b" Prof.
6ard. % $resentaton 'a" $ersst 8t+ an ntenst" so feeble t+at t s no
lon&er ca$able of d2ertn& t+e attenton to tself or of ben& 2ol)ntarl"
attended to. T+s s t+e bass of t+at doctrne of t+e ()bconsco)s 8+c+
ref)ses to acce$t t+e $+"solo&cal e#$lanaton of t+e facts of 'ental
retenton and re&ards t+e 'nd as a 2ast store+o)se of s)c+ s)bconsco)s
$resentatons1 eac+ of 8+c+ 'a"1 )nder fa2o)rable condtons1 be so
ntensfed t+at t rses a&an abo2e t+e t+res+old of consco)sness1 as a
d)ll" &lo8n& s$ar3 'a" be fanned nto a fla'e.
(?) T+e secondarl" a)to'atc $rocesses1 co'$le# act2tes or&nall"
carred o)t 8t+ attent2e consco)sness1 b)t after 'an" re$ettons
$erfor'ed a$$arentl" 8t+o)t consco)sness of an" 3nd. T+ese $rocesses
8e ')st re&ard et+er as $)rel" $+"solo&cal1 or as assocated 8t+ states of
secondar" consco)sness onl".
(B) 6e +a2e t+e )ndscr'nated or 'ar&nal sensatons 8+c+ are
so'et'es s$o3en of as s)bconsco)s states.
%ll t+ese are le&t'ate and defensble conce$tons1 b)t t+e" are dstnct
fro' one anot+er1 and see' to be to so'e e#tent nco'$atbles. Yet1 as
'&+t be s+o8n b" a seres of E)otatons1 eac+ one of t+ese (8t+ t+e
e#ce$ton $ossbl" of t+e frst) s n t)rn acce$ted and $resented as an as$ect
or 'ode of t+e s)bl'nal self9. T+e" for' to&et+er one of t+ree classes
nto 8+c+ 8e 'a" d2de t+e n)'ero)s conce$tons 8+c+ /"ers5
+"$ot+ess cla's to brn& to&et+er n a $rofo)nder s"nt+ess.
4or t+e sa3e of clearness and bre2t" let 'e e#a'ne t+s frst class at
once before &on& on to t+e ot+ers1 'erel" $re'sn& t+at I reser2e
consderaton of all t+e s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena9 8+c+ I &ro)$ to&et+er to
for' t+e t+rd class. Of all t+ese conce$tons t+at of t+e secondar" or
s)bsdar" consco)sness $la"s t+e lar&est $art. In t+e c+a$ters on
,snte&ratons of Personalt"9 and on -"$nots'9 /"ers e#+bts t+e
e2dence for t+e e#stence of s)c+ secondar" consco)sness1 and 8+le +e
a&rees 8t+ /. 7anet n re&ardn& t+e' as fra&'ents snatc+ed or la$sed
fro' t+e s)$ral'nal consco)sness1 +e dffers fro' +' n t+st+at 8+le
7anet re&ards t+e' as solated fra&'ents onl"1 /"ers re&ards t+e' as
+a2n& beco'e fra&'entar" $arts of a lar&er 8+ole1 t+e s)bl'nal self9G
t+e" are a ')lt$lct" n )nt". T+e conce$ton s to '" 'nd eE)all"
obsc)re 8t+ t+e C+rstan Trnt" and 7anet5s conce$ton s b" co'$arson
clear and s'$le. Yet f t+e s)bl'nal self9 be ot+er8se D)stfed one 'a"
$er+a$s 8a2e t+s obDecton. !o8 t+e act2t" 8+c+ )nderles s)c+
secondar" consco)snesses see's to s)r$ass t+e $o8ers of t+e ordnar" self
n t8o 8a"sG n t+e frst $lace t see's to be ca$able of e#ertn& a &reater
nfl)ence )$on t+e 2sceral or or&anc f)nctons1 es$ecall" )$on secreton
and n)trton. T+s fact1 to&et+er 8t+ t+e )nfo)nded asserton t+at slee$
effects a de&ree of rec)$eraton of bodl" and 'ental $o8ers &reater t+an
can be attrb)ted to s'$le rest 8t+ $redo'nance of t+e anabolc
$rocesses1 s re&arded b" /"ers as e2dence t+at t+e so)l can dra8 nto t+e
an'al bod" t+ro)&+ s)bl'nal c+annels drafts of 'etet+eral ener&"19
con2ertn& t $res)'abl" nto stores of c+e'cal ener&"1 D)st as c+loro$+"l
con2erts et+eral ener&" nto $otental c+e'cal ener&" n t+e bodes of
&reen $lants. Yet1 as 8e +a2e seen1 t s t+e s)$ral'nal c+annels 8+c+ are
es$ecall" ada$ted to t+e 'antenance and &)dance of eart+Clfe9. %nd
/"ers5 ot+er s)&&eston1 t+at n t+s $s"c+cal control of 'etabols' 8e see
a reco2er" of $r't2e $lastct"19 see's to be $referable1 )nless 8e fnd
ot+er and better e2dence of t+e e#stence of t+e so)l1 of s)bl'nal c+annels
and of stores of 'etet+eral ener&"9 )$on 8+c+ t+e so)l cab dra8. In t+e
second $lace1 t+ere s e2dence t+at a secondar" consco)sness or self1 8+en
8ell de2elo$ed1 'a" s)r$ass t+e nor'al self n art+'etcal $o8er1 n
retent2eness1 n +stronc ca$act" and n c)nnn&. In dsc)ssn& t+e
secondar" consco)sness of +"stercs /"ers &2es )s one of +s brllant
analo&es 8+c+ does 'ore t+an an" et+er $assa&e of t+e boo3 to ll)'nate
t+e conce$ton of t+e s)bl'nal self19 b)t carres no 'ore e2dental
8e&+t t+an analo&es are 8ont to do. T+e +"sterc dffers fro' t+e ordnar"
'an n t+at +s ordnar" consco)sness s narro8ed and ')tlated t+ro)&+
t+e s)btracton fro' t of t+ose ele'ents 8+c+ +a2e beco'e s$lt off to
for' a secondar" consco)sness or consco)snessest+en ')c+ as t+e
+"sterc stands n co'$arson 8t+ )s ordnar" 'en1 so $er+a$s do 8e
ordnar" 'en stand n co'$arson 8t+ a not '$ossble deal of fac)lt" and
of selfCcontrol9.
Of t+e ot+er conce$tons of t+e frst of o)r t+ree classes1 I need to)c+ on
one onl"1 t+at of t+e $s"c+cal act2t" 8+c+ s ass)'ed to brn& o)r
$resentatons before t+e footl&+ts of consco)sness9 (2on -art'ann5s
absol)tel" )nconsco)s9). %nd t+e consderaton of t+s leads )s at once to
t+e second class of e2dence for t+e e#stence of t+e s)bl'nal (elf9. T+s
Conssts n certan states of ordnar" or s)$ral'nal consco)sness 8+c+
are conce2ed of b" /"ers as +a2n& been &enerated n t+e frst $lace b" t+e
8or3n&s of t+e so)l n s)bl'nal c+annels1 and as +a2n& s)bseE)entl"
b)rst t+ro)&+ t+e da$+ra&' t+at d2des t+e t8o sel2es1 to ta3e t+er $lace
n t+e strea' of states of consco)sness of t+e s)$ral'nal self.
%'on& t+e states of s)$ral'nal consco)sness s$ecfed b" /"ers as
ben& of t+s $ec)lar or&n1 8e fnd t+e states of consco)sness
acco'$an"n& '$)ls2e and nstnct2e acton and bodl" act2t" d)rn&
'o'ents of e#cte'ent1 +all)cnatons1 drea'C'a&es1 t+e 'a&es of
re2ere1 s)c+ 'e'or"C'a&es as s)r&e )$ nto o)r 'nds 8t+ 22dness1
afterC'a&es1 rec)rrent sensatons1 'ar&nal sensatons1 and lastl" t+e &reat
conce$tons of 'en of &en)s. 6+en 8e see3 t+e crteron1 t+e
dstn&)s+n& 'ar3 b" 8+c+ 8e are to reco&nse t+e 'e'bers of t+s
so'e8+at '#ed socet" as ben& $rod)cts of t+e so)l5s s)bl'nal act2t"1
and 8+c+ &2es t+e' an nds$)table cla' to ran3 as s)c+1 t a$$ears to be
t+at t+e" are all al3e $roDected read"C'ade nto ordnar" consco)sness9.
B)t f 8e acce$t t+s crteron 8e s+all +a2e to e#tend stll f)rt+er /"ers5
lst of s)bl'nal $rod)cts. Let )s1 n order to s'$lf" t+e ar&)'ent1 ad't1
8t+ t+e 'eta$+"scal $s"c+olo&sts1 t+at n t+e case of states of
consco)sness acco'$an"n& 2ol)ntar" effort1 8+et+er of t+o)&+t or bodl"
'o2e'ent1 t+e self s a8are of ts o8n act2t"1 t+at t+e d"na'cal factors
enter to so'e e#tent at least nto consco)snessG t+ere stll re'ans a 2er"
lar&e $ro$orton of t+e ordnar" states of consco)sness of t+e ordnar" 'an
of 8+c+ t+s cannot be 'ade to a$$ear tr)e b" an" fcton1 e.g.1 t+e &reat
'ass of +s sensatons and sensor" $erce$ts and all 'a&es for'n& $arts of
s'$le trans of assocatonG for t+e act2tes 8+c+ deter'ne t+e
a$$earance of t+ese contents of consco)sness are co'$letel" o)tsde
consco)sness1 8+et+er 8e re&ard t+e' as $)rel" $+"solo&cal act2tes or1
8t+ 2on -art'ann1 as n $art $)rel" $s"c+cal act2tes obe"n& $)rel"
$s"c+cal la8s. Of t+e $+eno'ena of t+s class /"ers s $rnc$all"
concerned 8t+ t+e conce$tons of 'en of &en)s and 8t+ +all)cnatons.
!o8 t s $robabl" tr)e t+at t+e deas of 'en of &en)s flo8 'ore freel"1
i.e.1 rse to consco)sness 8t+ less of 2ol)ntar" selfCconsco)s effort1 t+an
t+e deas of ordnar" 'en1 b)t t+at $ec)lart" t+e" s+are 8t+ t+e 'ore
ordnar" states of consco)sness of /rs. 7ones t+e 8as+er8o'an1 8+ose
con2ersaton re2eals an )nd)e $re$onderance of s'$le assocat2e (b)t
entrel" )nconsco)s) $rocesses. /"ers n fact labo)red )nder t+e not
)nco''on 'sconce$ton t+at t+e ordnar" dea or $erce$t of t+e ordnar"
'an s constr)cted fro' dscrete $s"c+cal ele'ents b" a seres of 2ol)ntar"
efforts1 ')c+ as one '&+t constr)ct a 'osac or $ant a $ct)reG and t+s
)nfort)nate error1 8+c+ /"ers '&+t $er+a$s +a2e a2oded f +e +ad
de2oted a $art of +s ener&es to t+e st)d" of ordnar" $s"c+olo&"19 s t+e
$rnc$al &ro)nd for t+e ass)'ed conne#on bet8een t+e s)bl'nal self9
and &en)s1 slee$ and sensor" a)to'ats's9.
T+ese s'$le consderatons see' to 'e to forbd )s to re&ard t+e deas
of 'en of &en)s1 +all)cnatons (s)c+ at least as are not 2erdcal and
t+erefore s)$ernor'al)1 afterC'a&es and all t+e rest of /"ers5 lst of
s)bl'nall" &enerated contents of ordnar" consco)sness as states of
consco)sness $rod)ced b" a 'ental act2t" dfferent n 3nd to t+at 8+c+
$rod)ces o)r 'ost co''on$lace states and de'andn&1 for t+e e#$lanaton
of t+er &eness1 a consco)s act2t" of t+e so)l n s$ecal s)bl'nal
c+annels1 follo8ed b" rr)$tons t+ro)&+ t+e da$+ra&' 8+c+ d2des t+e
ordnar" fro' t+e s)bl'nal self9. Before lea2n& t+s s)bDect and $assn&
on to t+e s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena let )s note t+at /"ers c+ooses1 as t+e
clearest nstance of t+s class of s)bl'nal $rod)cts1 t+e r&+t ans8ers to
dffc)lt art+'etcal $roble's fo)nd b" calc)latn& bo"s9 and t+at n t+e
onl" nstance n 8+c+ 8e are f)rns+ed 8t+ an" detals of t+e 'ode of
8or3n& of t+e $roble's1 t+at na'el" of "o)n& Bl"t+1 8e +a2e clear $roof
t+at ste$s of t+e calc)laton 8ere $resent to t+e ordnar" consco)sness of
t+e bo"G for 8+en +s fat+er 8or3ed o)t t+e sa'e $roble'1 t+e calc)laton of
t+e n)'ber of seconds snce t+e bo"5s brt+ and fo)nd a dfferent n)'ber1
t+e bo" at once re$led t+at t+e fat+er +ad left o)t t8o da"s for t+e lea$C
"ears*A.> and *A.<9.
/"ers5 &eneral treat'ent of &en)s 8o)ld onl" be D)stfed f t co)ld be
s+o8n t+at t+e 8or3s of &en)s1 t+e 8rtn&s1 t+e sc)l$t)res1 t+e $antn&s
and so fort+ are co''onl"1 or n an" consderable n)'ber of cases1
$rod)ced b" a)to'atc 'o2e'ents of t+e +and or or&ans of s$eec+. B)t of
t+s 8e +a2e no e2dence f 8e $)t asde Uuba Uhan as $rod)ced )nder t+e
nfl)ence of o$)'. /"ers does not 2ent)re to a$$l" t+e 8ord a)to'atc to
t+e ntellect)al act2tes of 'en of &en)s1 b)t +e does class all
+all)cnatons as sensor" a)to'ats's19 and n so don& see3s to co'$el
t+e assent of t+e )n8ar" to +s ass)'$ton of t+er s)bl'nal c+aracter. It s
t+erefore necessar" to crtcse /"ers classfcaton of +all)cnatons
(2erdcal or not) as sensor" a)to'ats's9. In t+e c+a$ter on sensor"
a)to'ats's19 a)to'ats's are defned as 'essa&es fro' t+e s)bl'nal to
t+e s)$ral'nal self9. !o8 t+e 'eann&1 of t+e ter' 'otor a)to'ats'9 s
clear eno)&+G t denotes s)c+ 'ore or less ntell&ent act2tes as a)to'atc
8rtn& and s$eec+1 of 8+c+ t+e c+aracterstc feat)re s t+at t+e ordnar"
self re'ans )na8are of t+e 'o2e'ents1 and of t+e deas e#$ressed b" t+e'1
)nless t sees t+e 8rtn& or +ears t+e s$eec+. -o8 t+en does /"ers 'ana&e
to brn& t+e 'otor a)to'ats's )nder t+s defnton (as +e does on $. AA1
2ol. .)W 4or b" so don& +e 'a3es t a$$ear t+at +all)cnatons are d)e to
t+e sa'e class of $rocess as 'otor a)to'ats's1 8+c+ are tr)l" s)bl'nal
n t+e sense of ben& 8+oll" o)tsde ordnar" consco)sness. It s effected n
a second defnton of a)to'ats's as 'anfestatons of s)b'er&ed 'ental
$rocesses1 8+c+ do not enter nto ordnar" consco)sness9 (2ol. .1 $. A.).
On 'a3n& t+s dsco2er" I 8as o2erco'e1 not for t+e frst t'e1 b" a feeln&
of ad'raton for /"ers5 lterar" s3ll. B)t '" d)t" as crtc co'$els 'e to
$ont o)t t+at t+s see'n&l" s)ccessf)l ass'laton of 'otor and sensor"9
a)to'ats's conssts n an lle&t'ate 'an$)laton of ter's1 and de$ends
)$on t+e a'b&)t" of t+e relat2e $rono)n n t+e sentence E)oted. If t+e
8ord H8+c+I relates to t+e no)n1 'ental $rocesses1 t+en t+e defnton
ncl)des not onl" 'otor a)to'ats's and +all)cnatons1 b)t all ot+er
contents of ordnar" consco)sness1 for1 as 8e +a2e seen1 all states of
consco)sness (8t+ t+e $ossble e#ce$ton of states res)ltn& fro'
2ol)ntar" effort) are 'anfestatons or $rod)cts of $rocesses 8+c+ (t+e
$rocesses t+e'sel2es) do not enter nto ordnar" consco)sness9. T+e
defnton1 n t+s case1 fals to 'ar3 off a)to'ats's fro' ot+er 3nds of
'ental state or $rocess. If1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e H8+c+I relates to t+e
no)n1 'anfestatons1 t+en t+e defnton ceases to be tr)e of +all)cnatons
and 'ost of /"ers5 Hsensor" a)to'ats's1I for t+e" are 'anfestatons t+at
do enter nto ordnar" consco)sness. T+ere s ')c+ 2rt)e n a na'e1 and
/"ers5 e#$oston e#+bts an e#tre'el" s3lf)l a$$lcaton of t+at tr)t+1
no8+ere 'ore str3n&l" t+an n t+s nstance1 b)t $er+a$s eE)all" so n +s
defnton of s)&&eston n t+e o$enn& of t+e c+a$ter on +"$nots' as a
s)ccessf)l a$$eal to t+e s)bl'nal self9G and a&an n t+e $rono)nce'ent
t+at tele$at+" s an '$act of t+e s)bl'nal self9 of one 'an )$on
anot+er5s1 and n a +)ndred nstances of +s )se of t+e 8ord s)bl'nal.
Let )s t)rn no8 to t+e t+rd class of e2dence for t+e realt" of t+e
s)bl'nal self19 na'el"1 s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena. -ere f an"8+ere ')st
le t+e stren&t+ of t+e case1 for 8e +a2e seen t+at t+e $+eno'ena of ot+er
3nds t+at see' to call for t+e +"$ot+ess are so fe8 and call 8t+ so
)ncertan 2oces1 t+at 8e can onl" be 5D)stfed n a$$l"n& t to t+er
e#$lanaton f 8e fnd ot+er and far better &ro)nds for ts ado$ton.
In consdern& t+e bearn& of t+ese s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena )$on t+e
+"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal self9 t s necessar" for t+e $)r$ose of
dsc)sson to ass)'e 8t+ /"ers1 8t+o)t f)rt+er E)eston1 t+at t+er
occ)rrence s no8 $ro2ed. Let )s ta3e frst e#$er'ental tele$at+". In so'e
cases1 as n t+at of /r. and /rs. !e8n+a'1 t+e s)$ral'nal9 dea of t+e
a&ent see's to affect a secondar" consco)sness of t+e $erc$ent 8+o
'a3es ntell&ent re$les to +s E)estons b" a)to'atc 8rtn&G n ot+er
cases1 as n /r. G)t+re5s e#$er'ents (and t+ese 8o)ld see' to be a'on&
t+e 'ost5 satsfactor")1 t+e s)$ral'nal9 dea of t+e a&ent re$rod)ces tself
n t+e s)$ral'nal9 consco)sness of t+e $erc$entG n ot+er cases a&an1
as n t+at of /r. -. (. B.1 t+e a&ent delberatel" sets +'self n f)ll selfC
consco)sness to 'a3e +s 'a&e a$$ear n t+e ordnar" consco)sness of a
frend at a dstance and a$$arentl" s)cceeds. B)t I cannot fnd an" nstance
of t+e co'')ncaton of an dea fro' a secondar" consco)sness of t+e
a&ent to t+at of t+e $erc$ent. 6+" t+en ')st 8e bele2e t+at tele$at+" s
nteracton bet8een t8o s)bl'nal sel2es9G t+e e2dence see's rat+er to
$ont t+e ot+er 8a"1 and to ndcate t+at t+e a&ent5s consco)sness at least
')st be s)$ral'nal9. B)t +o8e2er t+at1 'a" be1 t+e +"$ot+ess
''edatel" s)&&ested b" t+e facts1 and t+e one t+at n2ol2es fe8est
ele'ents of '"ster"1 s t+at a state of one consco)sness can b" so'e drect1
t+o)&+ entrel" obsc)re1 acton at a dstance nd)ce a s'lar state n anot+er
consco)snessG 8+ereas t+e a$$lcaton of t+e s)bl'nal self9 to t+e
e#$lanaton of t+e cases n 8+c+ bot+ nd)cn& and nd)ced states are states
of an ordnar" consco)sness n2ol2es t+e sa'e ass)'$ton of acton at a
dstance and t8o addtonal '"stero)s $rocesses1 t+e. sn3n& of t+e
nd)cn& state of consco)sness t+ro)&+ t+e da$+ra&' nto t+e s)bl'nal
self9 of t+e a&ent1 and t+e )$rsn& of t+e nd)ced s)bl'nal state nto t+e
s)$ral'nal consco)sness of t+e $erc$ent. /"ers5 &ro)nds for t+)s
co'$lcatn& t+e $rocess see' to be &2en at t+e end of c+a$ter 2.1 8+en1
after descrbn& s)c+ cases1 +e e#cla's1 6+at can be a 'ore centra acton
'ore 'anfestl" t+e o)tco'e of 8+atsoe2er s dee$est and 'ost1 )ntar"
n 'an5s 8+ole ben&W9 T+en1 snce t+e s)bl'nal self9 s e0 hypothesi t+e
dee$est $art of 'an5s ben&1 t follo8s t+at t ')st so'e+o8 be at 8or3 n
s)c+ cases.
P+antas's a$$earn& s')ltaneo)sl" to a n)'ber of nde$endent
8tnesses and seen b" all n t+e sa'e s$ot see'ed to /"ers1 r&+tl" eno)&+1
to de'and so'e ot+er e#$lanaton t+an s'$le tele$at+". Let )s ta3e as
t"$cal t+e case of Ca$tan To8ns. In. t+s case1 so'e 8ee3s after a 'an5s
deat+1 e&+t 'e'bers of +s +o)se+old1 relat2es and ser2ants1 enter a roo'
n +s +o)se n t)rn1 and eac+ one sees as +e enters (not+n& +a2n& been
s)&&ested to +') a +alfClen&t+ $ct)re of t+e deceased +o)se+older
'rrored as t 8ere )$on t+e $ols+ed s)rface of a 8ardrobe. T+e 8do8
t+en 'a3es a 'o2e'ent as t+o)&+ to to)c+ t+s $ct)re and as s+e $assed
+er +ands o2er t+e $anel of t+e 8ardrobe t+e f&)re &rad)all" faded a8a"9.
4or t+e e#$lanaton of s)c+ cases /"ers constr)cts +s t+eor" of t+e
$+antas'o&enetc centre9 as follo8sJ T+e s)bl'nal self19 t+at 'ost
)ntar"9 $art of 'an5s 8+ole ben&1 +as t+e $o8er to t+ro8 off a fra&'ent of
tself nto so'e defnte s$ot 8+ere t+s fra&'ent $rod)ces so'e obsc)re
'odfcaton of s$ace (not1 t 8o)ld see'1 a 'odfcaton of 'atter1 or of
et+er1 b)t of s$ace1 $)re and )nad)lterated). Persons n t+e. ''edate
ne&+bo)r+ood of t+s s$ot t+en 'a" $erce2e t+s s'all $art of modi$ied
space as an 'a&e of t+e $erson fro' 8+o' t+e fra&'ent of t+e s)bl'nal
self9 +as been t+ro8n off1 and t+e" $erce2e t1 not t+ro)&+ t+e e"e or ot+er
senseCor&an1 for t+at. 8o)ld '$l" a 'odfcaton of 'atter or of et+er n t+e
$oston occ)$ed b" t+e $+anto'1 b)t t+ro)&+ so'e +dden fac)lt" ada$ted
to s)c+ $erce$ton1 t+ro)&+ a certan 3nd of ''ateral and nonCo$tcal
senst2t"19 and t+e 'a&e enters t+er ordnar" consco)sness n a for'
ndstn&)s+able b" t+e' fro' $erce$ts ac+e2ed n t+e ordnar" 'anner b"
e"e and sensor" ner2es.
-ere /"ers5 t+eor" enters nto co'$etton 8t+ t+e ordnar" t+eor" of
t+e ($rt)alsts1 8+o ass)'e t+at a dse'boded s$rt s ca$able of
effectn& a reds$oston of 'atter or et+er n t+e s$ot occ)$ed b" t+e
$+anto'1 s)c+ t+at t+e e"e rece2es an o$tcal 'a&e and t+e $erce$t enters
consco)sness n t+e ordnar" 8a". !o81 n c+oosn& bet8een t+ese t8o
t+eores1 8e ')st re'e'ber t+at /"ers +'self bele2es t+at 8e +a2e $roof
of nde$endent e#stence of dse'boded s$rts and of t+er $o8er to
'odf" t+e state of 'atter. 6e +a2e t+en on t+e one 2e8 onl" t8o dffc)lt
conce$tons1 t+e e#stence of t+e dse'boded s$rt and ts $o8er to 'odf"
'atter1 and bot+ of t+ese are ad'ttedl" $ro2ed b" ot+er nde$endent
$+eno'ena. On t+e ot+er 2e8 8e +a2e to ass)'e1 frstl"1 t+e s)bl'nal
self9G secondl"1 ts $o8er to t+ro8 off an e#c)rs2e fra&'ent of t+e
$ersonalt"9G t+rdl"1 t+e $o8er of t+at fra&'ent to 'odf" a $artc)lar
$orton of s$ace (not 'atter or et+er)G fo)rt+l"1 t+e $o8er of t+e ordnar"
'an to $erce2e t+e 'odfcaton of s$ace n t+at s$ot (8+en +e t)rns +s
e"es to8ards t) as an 'a&e 8+c+ closel" s')lates an ordnar" o$tcal
'a&e1 t+s obsc)re fac)lt" ben& one of 8+ose e#stence 8e +a2e no ot+er
ndcaton. T+ere can be no do)bt 8+c+ of t+e t8o t+eores 8e ')st $refer
accordn& to e2er" r)le of (centfc reasonn&. %nd t+e ordnar" or
s$rt)alstc t+eor" a$$ears es$ecall" $referable n t+ose cases n 8+c+ t+e
$+anto' $ct)re conssts of se2eral f&)res1 bot+ of 'en and an'als 8t+
t+e ordnar" accessores1 s)c+ as &ar'ents and +orseCtra$$n&s1 and e2en
contans an 'a&e of one of t+e $erc$ents.
T+e onl" &ro)nd for brn&n& t+e s)bl'nal self9 nto t+e $la" s t+e
$res)'$ton t+at t+e a&enc" $roDectn& t+e $+antas'al $ct)re of t+e bod" s
t+e 'nd of t+e $erson 8+ose bod" s $ct)red1 and t+e fact t+at1 n cases of
$+antas's of t+e l2n&1 t+e $erson 8+ose $+anto' s seen re'ans as a r)le
)na8are of t+e e2ent. B)t t+e fact t+at t+e $ct)re 'a" contan se2eral
$ersons1 as 8ell as an'als and lfeless obDects1 $ro2es t+at f an" 'nd s
t+e a&enc" t s not al8a"s or necessarl" t+e 'nd belon&n& to t+e bod"
8+c+ a$$ears n t+e $ct)re1 and t+e a&ent 'a" t+erefore be an" one or
'ore of t+e co)ntless s$rts of t+e )n2erse. %nd t+at t+e $+anto' 'a" be
$erce2ed o$tcall"1 and not b" 'eans of an" obsc)re fac)lt" $ost)lated ad
hoc1 s ndcated b" a lar&e &ro)$ of cases of t+e t"$e of t+e ordnar" &+ost
of fcton ($ara&ra$+s =<<1 =<?). In s)c+ cases 8e +a2e caref)l descr$tons
of t+e fact t+at t+e f&)re seen $re2ents 2son of obDects be+nd t1 and t+at
t+e f&)re tself beco'es n2sble 8+en ot+er obDects nter2ene1 and n fact
t+e $erce$ton 8o)ld see' to obe" so e#actl" t+e la8s of o$tcal $erce$ton
t+at1 f 8e ass)'e 8t+ /"ers nonCo$tcal $erce$ton1 8e s+all +a2e to
e#ercse o)r n2ent2e fac)ltes stll f)rt+er to e#$lan t+s s')laton.
T+e ot+er s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena fall )nder t+e +eads of telFst+esa1
+eterFst+esa1 tele3ness and $ossesson. In t+e case of t+e frst t+ree I
cannot see t+at /"ers +as dsco2ered an" consderatons t+at '&+t lead )s
to ascrbe t+e' to t+e s)bl'nal self9. -eterFst+esa /"ers s nclned to
re&ard as a case of telFst+esa or clar2o"ance and t+e $roble' of
clar2o"ance1 n so far as t s not e#$lcable tele$at+call"1 +e does not
cla' to e#$lan1 contentn& +'self 8t+ t+e s)&&eston t+at %ll 'atter
'a"1 for a)&+t 8e 3no81 e#st as an dea n so'e cos'c 'nd1 8t+ 8+c+
'nd eac+ nd2d)al s$rt 'a" be n relaton1 as f)ll" as 8t+ nd2d)al
'nds9. 6t+ tele3ness /"ers does not deal e#ce$t to acce$t ts realt" n
$assn&.
6e co'e t+en to t+e c)l'natn& $+eno'enon of $ossesson1 t+e
e2dence of 8+c+ constt)tes t+e 'an stren&t+ of t+e e2dence of s)r22al
of t+e $ersonalt" after deat+. !o8 t 8as1 as 8e +a2e seen1 n order to
+ar'onse t+e e2dence of s)r22al 8t+ t+e &eneral bod" of acce$ted
scentfc belef t+at t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal self9 8as e#co&tated1
It s t+erefore 8t+ no lttle astons+'ent t+at t+e reader dsco2ers n t+e
c+a$ter on $ossesson t+at t+e s)bl'nal self9 +as not+n& to do 8t+ t+e
case. T+e e2dence of $ossesson conssts n t+e 'essa&es 8rtten or s$o3en
a)to'atcall" b" entranced 'ed)'s19 n ans8er for t+e 'ost $art to
s$o3en E)estons and re2ealn& t+e $ersonalt" of deceased $ersons. %nd
/"ers5 e#$lanaton of t+e $+eno'enon s s'$l" t+e old old t+eor" of
$ossesson of t+e bod" b" t+e s$rt of t+e dead. T+e s$rt of t+e 'ed)'
8t+dra8s 8+oll" or $artall" fro' +s bod" or bran and t+e ner2o)s
'ec+ans' s o$erated b" one or 'ore dse'boded s$rts.
I +a2e reac+ed t+e end of '" re2e8 of t+e $+eno'ena to t+e
e#$lanaton of 8+c+ t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal self9 s a$$led and I
do not t+n3 t+at an" '$ortant &ro)$ of t+e $+eno'ena +as been o'tted
fro' t+s re2e8. I +a2e for con2enence of treat'ent d2ded t+e
$+eno'ena nto t+ree &ro)$s1 (*) states and $rocesses 8+c+ are not $resent
to ordnar" consco)snessG (.) states of ordnar" or s)$ral'nal
consco)sness consdered to be $rod)cts of t+e so)l5s act2t" n s)bl'nal
c+annelsG (;) t+e s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena. 6e +a2e seen t+at n t+e frst
&ro)$ 8e +a2e e2dence of t+e occasonal e#stence of a secondar"
consco)sness (coe#stn& besde t+e $r'ar" or ordnar" consco)sness)
8+c+ n so'e cases +as beco'e so +&+l" de2elo$ed as to constt)te a
secondar" $ersonalt" and 8+c+ so'et'es e#+bts ntell&ence and
sensor" $o8ers and $o8ers o2er t+e 'etabols' of t+e bod" &reater t+an
t+ose of t+e $r'ar" $ersonalt". B)t 8e +a2e seen t+at1 8t+ t+e do)btf)l
e#ce$ton of t+e last1 t+ese $+eno'ena of d2ded $ersonalt" are 8ell
e#$laned b" ,r. Perre 7anet5s clearl" conce2ed t+eor" of 'ental
dsa&&re&aton1 and net+er call for1 nor n an" 8a" drectl" s)$$ort1 t+e
+"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal self9. Of t+e $+eno'ena of t+e second &ro)$1
deas of 'en of &en)s1 +all)cnatons1 etc.1 8e +a2e seen t+at t+e" are
re&arded as ben& offCs+oots of t+e s)bl'nal self9 n 2rt)e of an
erroneo)s $s"c+olo&cal ass)'$ton1 t+e ass)'$ton na'el" t+at t+e 'nd
s nor'all" a8are of t+e $rocesses 8+c+ deter'ne t+e s)ccesson and t+e
co'$oston of ts states of consco)sness. T)rnn& to t+e s)$ernor'al
$+eno'ena 8e fo)nd t+at n t+e case of t+o)&+tCtransference t+e deas or
sensatons transferred are al8a"s1 or )s)all"1 $resent to t+e ordnar"
consco)sness of t+e a&ent and t+at t+e transferred state also a$$ears
freE)entl" n t+e ordnar" consco)sness of t+e $erc$ent. T+e n2ocaton of
t+e s)bl'nal self9 for t+e e#$lanaton of t+ese facts a$$eared t+erefore as
a &rat)to)s co'$lcaton of a s)ffcentl" '"stero)s s)bDect. 6e sa8 t+at
t+e 8+ole &ro)$ of s)$ernor'al $+antas's1 n so far as t+e" are not
tele$at+call" e#$lcable1 are best re&arded as 'anfestatons of t+e act2t"
of dse'boded s$rts1 and t+at +ere a&an t+e n2ocaton of t+e s)bl'nal
self9 constt)tes a &rat)to)s co'$lcaton a'o)ntn& n t+e case of t+e
$+antas'o&enetc centre9 to 'onstro)s $ro$ortons. Lastl" 8e sa8 t+at
/"ers +'self does not see3 to fnd for t+e conce$ton an" s)$$ort or an"
rble n t+e c)l'natn& $+eno'enon of $ossesson9.
B)t no8 let )s $)t asde t+e concl)son +ere ndcated1 and acce$tn& for
t+e 'o'ent t+e s)bl'nal self9 as a 8ellCfo)nded +"$ot+ess1 let )s as3
+o8 far ts establs+'ent ac+e2es t+e ends for 8+c+ t 8as conce2ed. In
t+e frst $lace1 8e fnd t+at1 as ,r. Leaf +as 8ell s+o8n1 t+e acce$tance of
t+e doctrne of t+e s)bl'nal self9 de$r2es t+e e2dence for t+e
contn)ance of lfe of t+e s$rt after t+e deat+ of t+e bod" of all t+at
e'otonal and et+cal 2al)e 8+c+ /"ers +'self and 'ost of t+ose 8+o
ardentl" desre t +a2e attac+ed to t. 4or t+at 8+c+ s)r22es1 accordn& to
t+e s+o8n& of t+s +"$ot+ess1 s so'et+n& 2astl" dfferent fro' t+e
$ersonalt" t+at stro2e and +o$ed and 8as 3no8n and lo2ed +ere n t+e
fles+.
4ro' anot+er stand$ont 8e 'a" as31 ,oes t+e acce$tance of t+s
+"$ot+ess +ar'onse t+e belef n a f)t)re lfe 8t+ t+e 8ellCfo)nded
concl)sons of 'odern scenceW It ')st be ad'tted t+at1 f t does so1 t s n
a +ardl" a$$recable de&ree. 6e +a2e seen t+at /"ers +eld )$1 as t+e
$rnc$al dffc)lt" n t+e 8a" of belef n t+e s)r22al of $ersonalt"1 t+e
o$$oston bet8een t+e 2e8s of t+e (elf as coordnaton and t+e (elf as
$er'anent )nt". Let )s &rant (a&an for t+e $)r$ose of dsc)sson onl")1
t+at t+e +"$ot+ess does reconcle t+ese t8o 2e8s. It 8ll re'an tr)e t+at
t+s o$$oston 8as onl" one1 and t+at not t+e &reatest1 of 'an" dffc)ltes.
T+e 'an dffc)lt" s not n an" 8a" to)c+ed b" t+e +"$ot+ess. It s t+sJ
O)r sensatons are ca)sed b" c+an&es n t+e branC'atter1 and t+ere are
rresstbl" stron& reasons for bele2n& t+at s'lar 'ateral c+an&es1 or
transfor'atons of $+"scal ener&" n t+e bran1 are essental condtons of
all o)r states of consco)snessG and t+ere s eE)all" &ood reason to bele2e
t+at 'e'or" s condtoned1 n $art at least1 b" c+an&es $rod)ced n t+e
ds$oston of t+e 'atter1 or n t+e state of t+e 'atter1 of $arts of t+e bran.
-o8 t+en can t+e $rocesson of states of consco)sness contn)e and t+e
store of 'e'or"C'a&es $ersst )ndst)rbed 8+en t+e 'atter of 8+c+ t+e
bran 8as co'$osed +as been scattered to t+e fo)r 8nds of +ea2enW /"ers
ad'ts t+ese facts1 "et +e +as not realsed t+e dffc)lt" $resented b" t+e'
for s)r22al (as s $ro2ed b" +s state'ent t+at t+ere s no &reat ste$ fro'
tele$at+" to $ossesson1 .1 $. .?>) and +s +"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal
self9 does not atte'$t to deal 8t+ t.
T+ese consderatons forbd 'e to a&ree 8t+ t+e est'ate of t+e
conce$ton of t+e s)bl'nal self9 e#$ressed b" Prof. 7a'es and (r Ol2er
Lod&e1 and I confess t+at f an" 'an s+o)ld tell 'e t+at t+s +"$ot+ess s no
&reat conce$ton and effects no $rofo)nder s"nt+ess b)t s an elaborate and
&rat)to)s '"stfcaton1 a 'onstro)s conf)son of t+n&s t+at are b" nat)re
ds$arate and dstnct1 t+e creaton of a 'nd too $assonatel" centred )$on
t+e establs+'ent of one &reat t+ess1 I s+o)ld be at a loss to ans8er +'.
I +a2e no s$ace to to)c+ )$on a +)ndred dffc)ltes o2er 8+c+ /"ers
l&+tl" strode. I +a2e s$ace onl" to sa" t+at1 l3e Prof. 4lo)rno"1 I +a2e
enDo"ed /"ers5 'a&nfcent dsdan for t+e $roble's of 'odern $+loso$+"
and t+e s$lendd nde$endence t+at led +' to $rocla' t+e $alFolt+c
t+n3ers as +s sole foreCr)nnersG t+at I +a2e been flled 8t+ ad'raton for
t+e lterar" &race1 t+e brllant )se of analo&"1 t+e s)btlet" of e#$oston1 t+e
loft" and eloE)ent s$ec)laton t+at adorn e2er" c+a$terG for t+e tr)e
o$enness of 'nd1 and t+e crtcal attt)de 8ell s)staned n t+e face of t+e
&reater $art of t+e 'asses of e2dence1 and lastl" and 'ostl" for t+e fne
ent+)sas' for 'an5s f)t)re lfe )$on t+s eart+. T+at f)t)re &eneratons 8ll
accord to /"ers a $lace n t+e +stor" of t+e ntellect)al de2elo$'ent of
'an3nd I +a2e no do)bt1 b)t I do not t+n3 t+at t+e" 8ll re'e'ber t+e
+"$ot+ess of t+e s)bl'nal self9 as a $art of +s ac+e2e'ent.
6. /c,O:G%LL.
MR F. W. H. MYERS ON
HUMAN PERSONALITY AND ITS
SURVIVAL OF BODILY DEATH.
G. F. STOUT, M.A., LL.D.,
Professor of Lo&c and /eta$+"scs n t+e :n2erst" of (t %ndre8s.
L'ibbert 1ourna1 IIJ<<KB<.M
T-E (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+ $resents )s 8t+ a 'ass of
test'on" to t+e occ)rrence of $+eno'ena 8+c+ see' to be dscontn)o)s
8t+ ordnar" e#$erence as sfted and s"ste'atsed b" 'ode' scence.
T+er co'$arat2el" stran&e and solated c+aracter constt)tes an antecedent
'$robablt" 8+c+ reE)res to be co'$ensated b" a 2er" +&+ de&ree of
co&enc" n t+e e2dence. B)t t+e e2dence tself s 8ea3ened b" t+e $ec)lar
nat)re of t+e alle&ed $+eno'ena to an e#tent dffc)lt to est'ate. T+er
dscontn)t" 8t+ ordnar" e#$erence $recl)des t+e a$$lcaton of 'ost of
t+e tests 8+c+ corroborate or n2aldate test'on" to ot+er occ)rrences.
T+e facts n2est&ated n a co)rt of la8 are nter8o2en 8t+ a s"ste' of
$res)$$ostons1 conseE)ences1 and '$lcatons "eldn& a 8de feld for
crc)'stantal9 e2dence. B)t t+e $ec)larl" solated c+aracter of
$s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena red)ces t+e ran&e of crc)'stantal e2dence for
and a&anst t+e' 8t+n 2er" narro8 l'ts. In a la8 co)rt '" state'ent t+at
A told 'e so'et+n& at a certan date and $lace 8o)ld be re&arded as
ds$ro2ed f stron&er e2dence 8ere $rod)ced to s+o8 t+at A 8as dead or
fft" 'les a8a" fro' 'e at t+e t'e. B)t t 8o)ld be a petitio principii to
reason n t+s 8a" a&anst tele$at+" or co'')ncaton fro' de$arted s$rts.
It 8o)ld see'1 t+en1 t+at t s of 2tal '$ortance to $s"c+cal researc+ to
e#+bt contn)t" bet8een 8+at are called $s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena and t+e
nor'al co)rse of nat)re reco&nsed as s)c+ b" co''on sense and scence.
/r /"ers1 n t+e $resent 8or31 f)ll" ad'ts t+s1 and +e 'a3es a s)staned
and stren)o)s atte'$t to 'eet t+e reE)re'ents of t+e case. -e s$ea3s 8t+
s"'$at+" of t+ose resol)te anta&onsts19 8+o )r&e t+at no ne8 e2dence
can carr" con2cton to t+e' )nless t s continuous 8t+ old e2dence.9 -e
+'self 8o)ld not as3 to stand 8t+ t+e t+eolo&an on t+e s)''t of a
Hclo)dCca$t to8er1I b)t rat+er on $lan eart+1 at t+e 'eas)red base of a
tr&ono'etrcal s)r2e".9
Ta3n& /r /"ers at +s 8ord1 I $ro$ose to nE)re +o8 far +e s
s)ccessf)l n s+o8n& t+at t+e alle&ed $+eno'ena of tele$at+"1
clar2o"ance1 +a)nted +o)ses1 co'')ncatons fro' de$arted s$rts1 and so
fort+1 are reall" of a $ece 8t+ &enerall" ad'tted facts of scence.
-s 'eas)red base of a tr&ono'etrcal s)r2e"9 see's to be fo)nd n
s)c+ $+eno'ena as drea's1 +"stera1 +"$noss1 &en)s1 and t+e 2aro)s
for's of 'ental dsnte&raton. T+ese and alled $+ases of 'ental lfe +a2e
so ')c+ n co''on1 accordn& to /r /"ers1 t+at t+e" all n2ol2e t+e
$resence and o$eraton of 8+at +e calls t+e ()bl'nal (elf9G and +e also
+olds t+at t+e $resence and o$eraton of t+e ()bl'nal (elf9 $er2ades and
)nfes t+e $+eno'ena n 8+c+ t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+ s
es$ecall" nterested. It s t+e conce$ton of t+e ()bl'nal (elf9 8+c+ s
to s)$$l" a $rnc$le of contn)t" bet8een $s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena and
facts co''onl" reco&nsed b" $s"c+olo&sts and $+"solo&sts.
6+at1 t+en1 does /r /"ers 'ean b" a ()bl'nal (elf9W To &an a
dear )nderstandn& on t+s $ont t s necessar" to ds'ss t+e assocatons
8+c+ +a2e &at+ered ro)nd s)c+ $+rases as t+e t+res+old of consco)sness9
snce t+e t'e of -erbart. T+e t+eor" re$resented b" /r /"ers d2er&es n a
startln& 8a" fro' all t+e 2aro)s for's of t+e doctrne of s)bconsco)s or
)nconsco)s 'ental states and $rocesses 8+c+ +a2e e2er been c)rrent
a'on& $s"c+olo&sts. T+e t+eor" +as at least as ')c+ affnt" 8t+ s)c+
conce$tons as t+at of a t)telar" &en)s or a &)ardan an&el. T+e ()bl'nal
(elf s not to be dentfed 8t+ an" or&ansed s"ste' of 'ental traces or
ds$ostons for'ed n t+e co)rse of t+e consco)s e#$erence of t+e
ordnar" self or n t+e consco)s e#$erence of an" ot+er self analo&o)s to
t+e ordnar" self n nat)re and n t+e condtons of ts de2elo$'ent. T+e
()bl'nal (elf s rat+er to be conce2ed as a $r'ar" and nde$endent
strea' of $ersonal consco)sness +a2n& ts o8n se$arate s"ste' of 'ental
traces and ds$ostons for'ed n t+e co)rse of ts o8n se$arate e#$erence.
T+ere s a contn)o)s s)bl'nal c+an of 'e'or" (or 'ore c+ans t+an
one) n2ol2n& D)st t+at 3nd of nd2d)al and $ersstent re22al of old
'$ressons and res$onse to ne8 ones1 8+c+ 8e co''onl" call a (elf9
(2ol. . $. *). (o far fro' t+e ()bl'nal (elf ben& n an" sense der2at2e
fro' t+e ordnar" self or an" self of t+e sa'e 3nd1 t+e re2erse s s)$$osed
to be tr)e. I conce2e also t+at no (elf1 of 8+c+ 8e can +ere +a2e
co&nsance1 s n realt" 'ore t+an a fra&'ent of a lar&er (elfre2ealed n a
fas+on at once s+ftn& and l'ted t+ro)&+ an or&ans' not so fra'ed as to
afford ts f)ll 'anfestaton9 (2ol. . $. *?). %&an1 t+e Hconsco)s selfI of
eac+ of )s1 as 8e call tt+e e'$rcal1 t+e s)$ral'nal (elf1 as I s+o)ld
$refer to sa"does not co'$rse t+e 8+ole of t+e consco)sness or of t+e
fac)lt" 8t+n )s. T+ere e#sts a 'ore co'$re+ens2e consco)sness1 a
$rofo)nder fac)lt"1 8+c+ for t+e 'ost $art re'ans $otental onl" as
re&ards t+e lfe of eart+1 b)t fro' 8+c+ t+e consco)sness and t+e fac)lt" of
eart+Clfe are 'ere selectons1 and 8+c+ reasserts tself n ts $lent)de after
t+e lberatn& c+an&e of deat+.9
T+e 'ost dstnct2e feat)re of /r /"ers5s 2e8 s to be fo)nd n t+s
contrast bet8een t+e eart+Clfe and t+e lfe of a ()bl'nal (elf. %n" self
8+c+ der2es t+e 'ateral for ts 'ental de2elo$'ent fro' e#$erence
t+ro)&+ ts relaton to ts eart+l" en2ron'ente.g.1 n t+e 8a" of ordnar"
senseC$erce$ton s to t+at e#tent s)$ral'nal and not s)bl'nal.
T+e reco&nton of 'ental $rocess ta3n& $lace belo8 t+e t+res+old of
consco)sness s n no 8a" a dstnct2e feat)re of /r /"ers5s t+eor". (o
')c+ +e +as n co''on 8t+ 'odern $s"c+olo&sts &enerall". %nd 'ode'
$s"c+olo&sts also reco&nse t+e occasonal occ)rrence of relat2el"
dscontn)o)s and se$arate strea's of $ersonal or E)asC$ersonal
consco)sness connected 8t+ t+e sa'e or&ans'. B)t t+e 'eann& 8+c+
t+e" attac+ to t+e ter' s)bl'nal s dfferent1 and t+e" nter$ret t+e facts
connected 8t+ t+e e#stence of relat2el" nde$endent strea's of
consco)sness n a dfferent 8a".
()bl'nal $rocess1 on t+e tradtonal 2e81 s a constant and
o'n$resent factor n t+e de2elo$'ent of o)r consco)s lfe. T+e on8ard
flo8 of t+o)&+t de$ends n e2er" 'o'ent of ts co)rse on t+e coCo$eraton
of an or&ansed s"ste' of condtons 8+c+ +a2e ndeed been for'ed n and
t+ro)&+ b"&one consco)s e#$erence1 b)t 8+c+ are not t+e'sel2es $resent
to consco)sness. Consder1 for nstance1 t+e $rocess of recollectn& a na'e.
T+e endea2o)r to recollect s a consco)s $rocessG b)t ts s)ccess or fal)re
de$ends on anot+er factor. It de$ends on t+e trace or ds$oston for'ed n
t+e co)rse of $re2o)s consco)s e#$erence n 8+c+ t+e na'e +as
occ)rred. Condtons connected 8t+ t+s trace or ds$oston deter'ne
8+et+er t+e na'e 8ll be recalled at once or after $rolon&ed effort or not at
all. It 'a" +a$$en t+at 8e fal to re22e t+e na'e 8+le 8e are tr"n& to do
so1 and t+at t s)ddenl" e'er&es nto consco)sness after an nter2al d)rn&
8+c+ 8e +a2e been occ)$ed 8t+ ot+er 'atters1 or +a2e been aslee$. T+s
'$les t+at o)r consco)s effort +as set &on& a s)bl'nal $rocess 8+c+
contn)es after t+e consco)s effort +as ceased. !o8 8+at +olds &ood of t+e
atte'$t to recall a na'e +olds &ood t+ro)&+o)t o)r 'ental lfe. 6+et+er '"
t+o)&+ts co'e to 'e fast or slo81 easl" or 8t+ dffc)lt"1 t+e" co'e to 'e
onl" t+ro)&+ t+e coCo$eraton of s)bl'nal condton. /" consco)s
$rocesses constantl" set n o$eraton $rocesses beneat+ t+e t+res+old of
consco)sness1 8+c+ n t+er t)rn &2e rse to ne8 de2elo$'ents of
consco)s $rocess. /" consco)s act2t" s ne2er t+e sole factor n2ol2edG t
al8a"s 'a3es a$$eal1 so to s$ea31 to so'et+n& else1 and a8ats t+e res)lt
8+c+ 'a" or 'a" not be s)c+ as t reE)res. T+s &eneral $rnc$le a$$les
not onl" to 8+at 8e co''onl" call 'e'or"G t s 'ost '$ortant to bear n
'nd t+at s)bl'nal $rocess s eE)all" essental to t+e e'er&ence of
relat2el" ne8 deal co'bnatons. 6+at +as been sad of recalln& a na'e
+olds &ood1 mutatis mutandis1 of &)essn& a rddle1 or n2entn& a tale1 or
sol2n& a c+ess $roble'. In s)c+ cases1 consco)s endea2o)r to fnd an deal
co'bnaton 8+c+ s+all satsf" certan condtons ser2es onl" to set n
o$eraton s)bl'nal $rocesses 8+c+ 'a" or 'a" not "eld t+e reE)red
res)lt %nd +ere1 also1 t+e $rocess 'a" contn)e after t+e consco)sness
8+c+ $ro'$ted t +as ceased. T+e ordnar" 'an1 no less t+an t+e 'an of
&en)s1 'a" fnd t+at 8+at relat2el" to him are or&nal deas de2elo$ 8+le
+s t+o)&+ts are occ)$ed 8t+ dsconnected to$cs1 or e2en 8+le +e s
aslee$. In &eneral1 8e ta3e an )tterl" false 2e8 of 'ental constr)cton 8+en
8e re&ard t as a 'ere $)ttn& to&et+er of data alread" $resent to
consco)sness analo&o)s to t+e $)ttn& to&et+er of t+e $arts of a $)NNle
s$read o)t on t+e table before )s.
T+s acco)nt of t+e s)bl'nal factor n 'ental lfe n no 8a" n2ol2es a
secondar" $ersonalt" or ot+er self. B)t t affords a bass for nter$retn& t+e
c)ro)s $+eno'ena of do)ble or ')lt$le consco)sness. T+e essental $ont
of de$art)re s t+e fact t+at not all t+e traces of $ast e#$erences are at t+e
ds$osal of t+e consco)s self1 t+o)&+ t+e" 'a" none t+e less $ersst1 and be
re22able )nder certan condtons. In $artc)lar1 t+ere are certan 2aratons
n t+e &eneral state of t+e or&ans' 8+c+ so affect t+e ner2o)s s"ste' (or
t+e so)l) t+at e#$erences acE)red n one state are not re$rod)cble n t+e
ot+er. 6+en a 'an s sober +e s often )nable to re'e'ber 8+at +e sad or
dd 8+en +e 8as dr)n3. T+e e#$erences of t+e +"$notc trance are n 'ost
nstances be"ond t+e recall of t+e ordnar" 8a3n& consco)sness. T+e sa'e
+olds &ood of so'na'b)ls' and alled states1 and1 to a &reat e#tent1 of
ordnar" drea's. % blo8 on t+e +ead 'a" red)ce a 'an to a condton of
+a2n& to be&n +s ed)caton de novo1 t+e trace of $ast e#$erence ser2n&
onl" to accelerate t+e $rocess. Or t 'a" 'erel" +a2e t+e effect of barrn&
t+e re22al of 8+at too3 $lace at t+e t'e of t+e accdent and for so'e t'e
before or after t. T+e ne#t $ont to be noted s t+at t+e e#$erences of state
)1 8+c+ are not re22able n state A1 'a" be re22able n rec)rrent states )
l
1
)
.
1 )
;
Y'ore or less a3n to ) and dscontn)o)s 8t+ A. T+e e#$erences
of t+e dr)n3en 'an1 8+c+ +e cannot recall 8+en +e s sober1 'a" be
re22able 8+en +e s dr)n3 a&an. /" for&otten drea' of last n&+t 'a" be
re$eated and contn)ed 8+en I drea' a&an ton&+t. T+e slee$C8al3er 8+o
3no8s not+n&1 8+en +e s a8a3e1 of 8+at +e dd n +s slee$1 'a"1 on a
rec)rrence of +s so'na'b)ls'1 $)rs)e a tran of t+o)&+t fro' t+e $ont
8+ere t 8as bro3en off on a $re2o)s occason1 D)st as f not+n& +ad
+a$$ened n t+e nter2al. ('larl" t+e e#$erences of a +"$notc trance
8+c+ are oblterated fro' t+e 'e'or" of t+e 8a3n& consco)sness are n
&eneral re22able n s'lar $+ases of s)bseE)ent +"$notc trances.
!o8 t+s s all 8e reE)re to conce2e t+e $ossblt" of alternatn&
$ersonaltes. ()$$ose a seres of states A
*
1 A
.
1 A
;
1 etc.1 eac+ se$arated fro'
ts s)ccessor b" a corres$ondn& 'e'ber of an nterc)rrent seres )
*
1 )
.
1
)
;
1 etc. If eac+ seres s s)ffcentl" contn)o)s 8t+n tself1 n t+e sense
defned1 and f eac+ seres s n t+e sense defned s)ffcentl" dscontn)o)s
8t+ t+e ot+er1 t+e res)lt 8ll be t8o dstnct and relat2el" nde$endent
strea's of $ersonal or E)asC$ersonal consco)sness. It 'a" e2en be nat)ral1
for socal $)r$oses1 to call t+e' b" dfferent $ro$er na'es. T+e" 'a" e2en
re&ard eac+ ot+er as dstnct $ersons. %ll t+s 'a" be bro)&+t )nder t+e
&eneral conce$ton of t+e 'ore or less co'$lete f)nctonal detac+'ent of
s"ste's of 'ental ds$ostons for'ed n t+e ordnar" 8a" of eart+l"9
e#$erence. Cases of t+e s')ltaneo)s d)$lcaton of consco)sness are a
lttle 'ore s)r$rsn&. B)t t+e" can easl" be bro)&+t )nder t+e sa'e &eneral
conce$ton. 6e +a2e onl" to t+n3 of f)nctonall" detac+ed s"ste's of
ds$ostons o$eratn& n relat2e nde$endence at t+e sa'e t'e1 eac+ ben&
connected 8t+ ts o8n dstnct strea' of consco)sness.
T+s nter$retaton of t+e facts s f)nda'entall" d2erse fro' t+at of /r
/"ers. It $res)$$oses no )lt'ate so)rce of 'ateral for 'ental
de2elo$'ent ot+er t+an eart+l"9 e#$erence1 and no for's or la8s of
'ental $rocess ot+er t+an t+ose reco&nsed b" ordnar" $s"c+olo&". T+e
t+eor" of t+e ()bl'nal (elf19 on t+e contrar"1 s a3n to t+e conce$ton of
a t)telar" &en)s or &)ardan an&el. %ccordn& to t1 t+e 2aro)s1 relat2el"
nde$endent1 strea's of consco)sness 8+c+ 'a" arse n conne#on 8t+
t+e sa'e bodl" or&ans' are all $artal 'anfestatons or re2elatons of a
sn&le dee$er9 $ersonalt" related to an en2ron'ent ot+er t+an t+s
co''on 8orld.
T+e ()bl'nal (elf19 accordn& to /r /"ers1 s t+e )nf"n& $rnc$le
of $s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena. On t+s ass)'$ton1 f +e can s+o8 t+at t+e
()bl'nal (elf9 s '$led n ad'tted facts of ordnar" e#$erence1 +e
8ll +a2e s+o8n an '$ortant contn)t" bet8een $s"c+cal $+eno'ena and
ordnar" e#$erence. T+s s t+e lne of ar&)'ent 8+c+ +e act)all" follo8s1
and 8e +a2e no8 to e#a'ne ts co&enc".
Erroneo)sl" $rnted as corrected9 n or&nal $)blcatonG f#ed b"
edtors.
In C+a$ter II. of t+e frst 2ol)'e1 /r /"ers treats &enerall" of s)c+
dsnte&ratons of $ersonalt"9 as occ)r n +"stera. It s not clear to 'e
8+et+er or not +e s)$$oses t+s c+a$ter to contan an ar&)'ent n fa2o)r of
+s central t+ess. -e does1 ndeed1 constantl" )se t+e $+rase ()bl'nal
(elf9 or ()bl'nal (el2es19 8+ere2er t+ere s e2dence of a strea' of
consco)sness dstnct fro' t+at 8+c+ s dentfed 8t+ t+e ordnar" self.
B)t I fnd no reasons ass&ned for t+e +"$ot+ess t+at t+ese secondar" sel2es
are 'anfestatons of t+e one $r'ordal1 )neart+l" $ersonalt" of t+e
()bl'nal (elf. T+e conce$ton of f)nctonall" detac+ed s"ste's of 'ental
ds$oston see's to be con&r)ent 8t+ all t+e facts1 +o8e2er ')c+ t lea2es
to be e#$laned n detal. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e secondar" sel2es1 n
&eneral1 fal to s+o8 dstnct2e $ec)lartes s)c+ as '&+t be e#$ected 8ere
t+e" &enerated as /r /"ers ass)'es t+e' to be. T+e" s+o8 no ndcatons
of t+er s)$$osed or&n n a dee$er $ersonalt" related to an en2ron'ent
8+c+ s not of eart+. T+e" are onl" )n)s)all" $oor s$ec'ens of eart+l"
sel2es1 der2n& t+e 'ateral for t+er de2elo$'ent fro' e#$erences of an
ordnar" 3nd. /r /"ers refers to t+e occasonal occ)rrence of
+"$erFst+esa n +"stercal $atents as a confr'aton of +s 2e8 (2ol. I. $$.
BB and .<>). !o81 t s $art of +s doctrne t+at t+e ordnar" self s a $orton
of t+e total $s"c+cal ben& 8+c+ +as been s$ecall" selected and traned to
res$ond to t+e eart+l" en2ron'ent. It s t+erefore dffc)lt to )nderstand
8+" t s+o)ld be nferor to t+e ()bl'nal (elf n ac)teness of 2son1
to)c+1 or +earn&. In an" case1 t+e occ)rrence of +"$erFst+esa s easl"
acco)nted for fro' t+e $ont of 2e8 of ordnar" $+"solo&" and
$s"c+olo&".
In C+a$ter III. t s ar&)ed t+at 8+at 8e call genius ')st be re&arded as
a 'anfestaton of t+e ()bl'nal (elf1 $artall" nter$enetratn& ordnar"
consco)sness. 6+at s s)$$osed to be dstnct2e of t+s nter2enton of t+e
()bl'nal (elf s ts ada$taton to t+e reE)re'ents of s)$ral'nal9
t+o)&+t. Gen)s s1 on t+s 2e81 a $o8er of a$$ro$ratn& t+e res)lts of
s)bl'nal 'entaton19 so as to s)bser2e t+e nterests of t+e ordnar" self.
%n ns$raton of Gen)s9 s a subimina uprush1 an e'er&ence nto t+e
c)rrent of deas 8+c+ t+e 'an s consco)sl" 'an$)latn& of ot+er deas
8+c+ +e +as not consco)sl" or&nated1 b)t 8+c+ +a2e s+a$ed t+e'sel2es
be"ond +s 8ll1 n $rofo)nder re&ons of +s ben&.9 ()c+ s)bl'nal
)$r)s+es9 are defntel" contrasted 8t+ s)$ral'nal 'entaton19 8+c+ s
credted 8t+ a lar&er $ro$orton of $ractcal +)'an ac+e2e'ent.9 !o81 f
t+s contrast be )nderstood1 n a certan sense1 t cannot be 'antaned. I
+a2e alread" )r&ed t+at all 'ental constr)cton as 8ell as all 'ental
re$rod)cton essentall" n2ol2es t+e coCo$eraton of $rocesses 8+c+ &o on
belo8 t+e t+res+old of consco)sness1 and also t+at $rocesses 'a" de2elo$
t+e'sel2es 8+en t+e consco)s act2t" 8+c+ ntates t+e' s dscontn)ed.
T+ere s n t+s no dstnct2e c+aracterstc of &en)s1 and1 so far as I can
see1 no ndcaton of t+e $resence and o$eraton of t+e ()bl'nal (erf.
Ot+er8se I s+o)ld +a2e re&arded t+s artcle of 'ne as dctated b" my
t)telar" &en)s1 coCo$eratn& n an ar&)'ent a&anst +s o8n e#stence. T+e
'ental constr)ctons reE)red to constt)te co&ent e2dence of t+e
nter2enton of t+e ()bl'nal (elf ')st +a2e ot+er c+aracterstcs $ec)lar
to t+e'sel2es. T+e" ')st $resent a dscontn)t" ot+er8se ne#$lcable
8t+ t+e $re2o)s 'ental lfe of t+e $erson n 8+ose consco)sness t+e"
arse. B)t t+e facts $ont n t+e o$$oste drecton. T+e ac+e2e'ents of
&en)s are t+ro)&+ and t+ro)&+ condtoned b" t+e crc)'stances1 t+e socal
en2ron'ent1 and t+e ed)caton of t+e nd2d)al1 to&et+er 8t+ +s s$ecal
nterests and $ro$enstes. !e8ton n t+e t'e of Ro&er Bacon 8o)ld not
+a2e dsco2ered t+e la8 of &ra2taton. (+a3es$eare n t+e a&e of Percles
8o)ld not +a2e 8rtten s)c+ a $la" as -a'let. 4nall"1 t+ere s 'ore tr)t+
t+an /r /"ers 8ll allo8 n t+e sa"n& t+at &en)s s an nfnte ca$act"
for ta3n& $ans.9 T+ere s no +&+ &en)s 8t+o)t e#traordnar" ca$act" for
ntense and s)staned 'ental act2t"1 8+c+ s so'et'es 2er" $anf)l1
t+o)&+ t 'a" n t+e 'an be a so)rce of t+e 3eenest $leas)re.
In C+a$ter IV.1 slee$ and drea's are treated as 'anfestatons of t+e
()bl'nal (elf. /r /"ers be&ns b" la"n& stress on t+e &norance of
$+"solo&sts concernn& t+e nat)re of slee$1 t+e condtons of ts &eness1
and ts rec)$erat2e effects. !o81 t s tr)e t+at a co'$etent $+"solo&st
8ll be l3el" to a2er t+at lttle s 3no8n concernn& t+ese 'atters. B)t I
2ent)re to assert t+at1 n 'a3n& s)c+ state'ents1 t+e $+"solo&st +as n
'nd a far +&+er standard of 8+at constt)tes 3no8led&e t+an t+at
entertaned b" /r /"ers. Certanl" +e 8o)ld re&ard t+e reference to t+e
+"$ot+etcal a&enc" called t+e ()bl'nal (elf9 as an addton to +s
&norance rat+er t+an to +s 3no8led&e. To +s &norance of t+e $recse
nat)re of certan $+"solo&cal c+an&es 8o)ld be added t+e nco'$arabl"
denser &norance of t+e nat)re of t+e s)$$osed a&enc" and of ts modus
operandi. T+e s)&&eston t+at t+e rec)$erat2e effect of slee$ s d)e to
so'et+n& 8+c+ $)'$s nto t+e or&ans' a f)ller nfl)# of 2tal ener&"19
8o)ld str3e +' as nfantle. /r /"ers add)ces t+e fact t+at e2en a bref
sl)'ber 'a" be 2er" refres+n&. B)t t+ere s no reason 8+" an '$ortant
$+"solo&cal c+an&e s+o)ld not ta3e $lace n a s+ort t'e. It s ndeed
so'e8+at $er$le#n& t+at a c+an&e 8+c+ 'ost freE)entl" reE)res +o)rs
for ts de2elo$'ent s+o)ld occasonall" be effected n a fe8 'n)tes. B)t
+o8 does /r /"ers +'self deal 8t+ t+s $roble' fro' +s o8n $ont of
2e8W
,rea's1 accordn& to /r /"ers1 are constt)ted b" t+e $artal
e'er&ence of 8+at +e calls s)bl'nal 'entaton9 abo2e t+e t+res+old.
T+o)&+ +e does not e#$lctl" sa" so n t+e c+a$ter on (lee$1 t s $lan t+at
t+s s +s e#$lanaton of drea's n &eneral1 and not 'erel" of certan
e#ce$tonal $+eno'ena of drea'Cconsco)sness. Reser2n& &eneral
crtcs' of t+e t+eor"1 8e s+all be&n b" e#a'nn& t+e 2al)e of t+e s$ecal
ar&)'ents 8+c+ are add)ced to s)$$ort t.
/r /"ers 'a3es ')c+ of t+e fact t+at e#$erences are freE)entl"
re22ed n drea's 8+c+ are be"ond t+e recall of t+e nor'al 8a3n& self.
%ccordn& to +'1 t+s s to be acco)nted for b" ass)'n& s)c+ e#$erences
to be retaned n t+e 'e'or" of t+e ()bl'nal (elf 8+c+ recalls t+e'
8+le 8e slee$1 and co'')ncates t+e' to o)r drea'Cconsco)sness. ()c+
s)r'ses are co'$letel" &rat)to)s. Ordnar" $+"solo&" and $s"c+olo&"
fnd +ere no s$ecal dffc)lt"1 t+o)&+ t+e" ')st1 of co)rse1 confess ')c+
&norance. T+e &eneral state of t+e or&ans' and es$ecall" of t+e ner2o)s
s"ste' dffers 8del" n slee$ fro' ts state n nor'al 8a3ef)lness. 6e
s+o)ld t+erefore e#$ect t+e e#ctablt" of t+e traces of $ast e#$erence to be
dfferentl" condtoned. T+ere s no $res)'$ton n fa2o)r of t+e e#cl)s2e
re22al of t+ose e#$erences 8+c+ earl be recalled n o)r ordnar" 8a3n&
lfe. On t+e contrar"1 t+e affnt" of slee$ to t+e +"$notc trance and alled
states s a condton fa2o)rable to t+e re$rod)cton of e#$erences connected
8t+ t+eseG and t+e affnt" of one slee$n& state 8t+ ot+ers s fa2o)rable to
t+e re22al of $re2o)s drea'Ce#$erences. In &eneral1 t+e 'ental
or&ansaton of t+e 8a3n& self ben&1 to a lar&e e#tent1 dssol2ed n drea's1
t+e l'tatons '$osed b" t are re'o2edG and bot+ t+e relat2e e#ctablt"
of 'ental traces and t+er act)al st')laton de$end on 'an" and
fl)ct)atn& condtons 8+c+ n $art o$erate n a detac+ed and rre&)lar 8a".
T+e flo8 of consco)sness s ndeed constantl" deter'ned b" la8s of
assocaton1 etc. B)t1 n 'ost eases1 t s$reads so'e8+at l3e a fla'e n a
$le of f)el n 8+c+ t+e $arts are nfla''able n 2er" 2ar"n& de&rees1 and
n t+s res$ect 2er" rre&)larl" arran&ed1 and also lable to be &nted fro'
o)tsde n dfferent $laces. T+e res)ltn& 'ental $rocesses )nf" t+e'sel2es
as best t+e" earl1 n accordance 8t+ nor'al $s"c+olo&cal la8s1 often
&eneratn& stran&el" no2el co'bnatons. Of co)rse1 drea's are not
necessarl" nco+erent. Isolated 8a3ef)lness 'a" affect a 8+ole s"ste' of
ds$ostons +a2n& an nternal )nt" and contn)t" of ts o8n. In s)c+ cases
t s nat)ral to e#$ect a +e&+tenn& of fac)lt" abo2e t+e le2el of 8a3n& lfe.
T+e 2er" solaton of t+e 'ental act2t" o)&+t to &2e t an '$ortant
ad2anta&e. 4or t s not s)bDect to co'$etton1 nterference1 or contest fro'
conc)rrent consco)s $rocesses. -ence 8e s+o)ld e#$ect t to de2elo$ tself
8t+ e#ce$tonal ntenst" and f)lness. %s a 'atter of fact1 n so'e 2er" rare
nstances1 a 'an +as ac+e2ed1 8+le drea'n&1 ntellect)al $erfor'ances1
eE)alln& or $er+a$s s)r$assn& t+e best of 8+c+ +e 8as ca$able n 8a3n&
lfe. ()c+ cases are add)ced b" /r /"ers n s)$$ort of +s $ec)lar t+ess.
B)t t+e" reall" do not brn& an" &rst to +s 'll. On t+e ordnar" 2e81 t+e
onl" dffc)lt"1 f t+ere be one1 s t+at t+e" occ)r so rarel"1 not t+at t+e"
occ)r at all. It s stll easer to ds$ose of t+e so'na'b)lst 8+o 8al3s on
$erlo)s rd&es 8t+ stead" feet.9 If t+e $erlo)s rd&e 8ere onl" a fe8
nc+es abo2e t+e &ro)nd1 an" 8a3n& $erson co)ld do t+e sa'e. It s t+e
sense of $erlof t+e &dd" +e&+t8+c+ creates t+e dffc)lt". B)t t+e
8+ole attenton of t+e so'na'b)lst s concentrated on t+e 'atter n +and.
6+ate2er s rrele2ant to t+e de2elo$'ent of +s drea' s nonCe#stent for
+'. -e +as no sense of $erl or of t+e &dd" +e&+t.
T+e $ec)lar 22dness so'et'es fo)nd n drea'C'a&er" s n $art
e#$lcable on s'lar lnes. T+e drea' 'a&es +a2e t+e feld to t+e'sel2es1
and can t+erefore de2elo$ 8t+ s$ecal ntenst" and dstnctness1 $ro2ded
t+at ot+er condtons are not )nfa2o)rable. Besdes t+s1 8e ')st also ta3e
acco)nt of t+e fact t+at n drea's act)al sensor" st')latons are co''onl"
o$erat2e1 d)e $artl" to $rocesses &on& on 8t+n t+e or&ans' and $artl"
to e#ternal '$ressons on t+e or&ans of sense. It s also $robable t+at t+e
nat)re and dstrb)ton of t+e bloodCs)$$l" 'a" +a2e an e#ctn& effect on
t+e ner2o)s tss)es. 4nall"1 t s fro' t+e nat)re of t+e case 2er" l3el" t+at
t+ere are ot+er obsc)re $+"solo&cal condtons at 8or3 8+c+ cannot be at
$resent defned.
%s t+e $resent ss)e s t+e contn)t" of drea'Clfe n &eneral 8t+ 8+at
are called dstnct2el" $s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena1 8e need not +ere concern
o)rsel2es 8t+ t+e test'on" add)ced b" /r /"ers to t+e occ)rrence of
telFst+esa19 tele$at+"1 clar2o"ance1 etc.1 n conne#on 8t+ drea's. ()c+
$+eno'ena 'a" or 'a" not reall" be fo)nd1 and t+e" 'a" or 'a" not
n2ol2e t+e a&enc" of t+e ()bl'nal (elf. B)t t+ese E)estons are rrele2ant
8+en 8+at 8e +a2e to deter'ne s 8+et+er t+e a&enc" of t+e ()bl'nal
(elf s '$led n ordnarl" ad'tted facts concernn& drea'Cconsco)sness.
I +a2e tred to s+o8 t+at /r /"ers +as faled to $rod)ce co&ent
e2dence n fa2o)r of t+s concl)son. I 8o)ld no8 )r&e1 t+at +s 8+ole
t+eor" s 2tated b" an ntrnsc 8ea3ness 8+c+ see's fatal to ts cla's.
%s /r /"ers +'self ad'ts1 t+e )s)al nco+erence of drea's s an
obDecton to re&ardn& t+e' as 'anfestatons of a strea' of t+o)&+t eE)al
or s)$eror n s"ste'atc co'$le#t" and contn)t" to t+at of t+e 8a3n&
self. T+s dffc)lt" cannot be 'et b" sa"n& t+at t+e 'anfestatons are
'erel" scattered fra&'ents of t+e contents of s)bl'nal consco)sness. 4or
t+e nco+erence of drea's s not 'ere fra&'entarness. Ver" freE)entl" t
ncl)des 8+at t+e 8a3n& consco)sness reco&nses as $ost2e abs)rdt"
and nconsstenc" of t+e 'ost &larn& 3nd. -ence1 /r /"ers s co'$elled
to +a2e reco)rse to an e#$edent 8+c+ I ')st call des$erate. -e s)r'ses
t+at t+e ()bl'nal (elf ncl)des se2eral dstnct la"ers or strata9 of 'ental
lfe. (o'e strata are s)$$osed to +a2e t+e nco+erence of drea's1 and t s
t+ese 8+c+ 8e are s)$$osed to ta$9 n o)r o8n drea' consco)sness. In
ot+er 8ords1 /r /"ers ass)'es drea's n order to e#$lan drea's. -e
ass)'es drea's abo)t 8+c+ 8e 3no8 not+n& n order to e#$lan drea's
8+ose condtons are $artall" 3no8n and are ca$able of ben& f)rt+er
n2est&ated on t+e lnes follo8ed b" ordnar" scence. %nd t+ere s reall"
no dsease 8+c+ de'ands an" s)c+ +eroc re'ed". 4or t+e +"$ot+etcal
drea's of t+e ()bl'nal (elf are D)st of t+e 3nd 8+c+ 8o)ld be for'ed
b" elaboraton1 accordn& to ordnar" $s"c+olo&cal la8s and for's of
$rocess1 of 'ateral der2ed fro' t+e $ast e#$erence of t+e ordnar" self or
ot+er eart+l"9 strea's of consco)sness.
T+s dffc)lt" rea$$ears n an ntensfed for' 8+en 8e consder t+e
a$$lcaton of t+e &eneral t+eor" to +"$nots'1 8+c+ s e#$o)nded at &reat
len&t+ n C+a$ter V. In ordnar" drea's t+e ()bl'nal (elf s s)$$osed to
'anfest tself s$ontaneo)sl". -"$noss1 on t+e ot+er +and1 s dstnct2el"
c+aractersed b" t+e o$$ort)ntes 8+c+ t offers for e#$er'entall" rasn&
s)bl'nal 'entaton9 abo2e t+e t+res+old. ()&&eston s defned a
s)ccessf)l a$$eal to t+e ()bl'nal (elf.9 !o8 t+e abs)rdtes and
nco+erences of ordnar" drea's are fo)nd also n t+e +"$notc tranceG and
8e need not re$eat +ere t+e ar&)'ent )sed abo2e. B)t I ')st $ont o)t t+at
t+e $art $la"ed b" t+e +"$notser n e#$er'entall" e2o3n& t+e 2aro)s
$+ases of t+e +"$notc drea' constt)tes an addtonal dffc)lt". %t t+e
s)&&eston of t+e +"$notser1 +s s)bDect ta3es 2ne&ar for 8ne1 or sees a cat
8+ere t+ere s no cat1 or bele2es +'self to be !a$oleon or a sna3e1 and
acts accordn&l". 6+at can be 'eant b" sa"n& t+at t+e $rocess of
s)&&eston conssts n e2o3n& t+e t+o)&+ts of t+e ()bl'nal (elf nto
s)$ral'nal consco)snessW %re 8e to s)$$ose t+at t+e ()bl'nal (elf s
+a2n& or +as +ad t+e e#$erences of ta3n& 2ne&ar for 8ne1 or of bele2n&
tself to be a sna3e1 and t+at all 8+c+ s)&&eston effects s to brn& t+ese
e#$erences abo2e t+e t+res+oldW T+s 8o)ld $res)$$ose a 2er" 8onderf)l
$reCestabls+ed +ar'on" bet8een t+e cas)al 8+'s of t+e +"$notser and
t+e 'ental $rocesses of t+e ()bl'nal (elf of t+e +"$notsed s)bDect. B)t f
8e are to a2od t+s &larn& abs)rdt"1 8+at alternat2e s t+ereW I can onl"
t+n3 of one. In order to e#$lan +"$nots'1 8e ')st $res)$$ose t+at t+e
()bl'nal (elf s +"$notsed and s)bDect to s)&&estons1 and 8e ')st
ass)'e1 n addton1 t+at t+e t+o)&+ts1 etc. s)&&ested $r'arl" to t are t+en
e2o3ed nto s)$ral'nal consco)sness. T+s n2ol2es t+e sa'e crcle 8e
+a2e $re2o)sl" referred to1 and t+e sa'e atte'$t to e#$lan t+e $artall"
3no8n b" t+e totall" )n3no8n.
%nd +ere also t+ere s no e#c)se for so des$erate a lea$ n t+e dar3.
(ettn& asde alle&ed cases of tele$at+"1 clar2o"ance1 etc.1 +"$noss
$resents no $+eno'ena so e#traordnar" as to D)stf" o)r re&ardn& t+e' as
be"ond t+e reac+ of e#$lanaton n accordance 8t+ t+e ordnar" 'et+ods
and $rnc$les of $+"solo&" and $s"c+olo&". T+e 8a" s dar31 b)t t s not
bloc3ed b" ns)r'o)ntable barrers. 6e need not +a2e reco)rse to a fl"n&C
'ac+ne.
T+e +"$notc trance s essentall" a3n to ordnar" slee$1 and es$ecall"
to so'na'b)ls'1 t+o)&+ t+ere are 8ellC'ar3ed dfferences. T+e dfference
'ost '$ortant for o)r $resent $)r$ose s t+at t+e drea' consco)sness of
t+e +"$notsed s)bDect s1 to a 2er" lar&e e#tent1 )nder t+e control of anot+er
$erson. T+e slee$ s so nd)ced t+at f t+e $atent re'ans a8a3e to
an"t+n&1 +e re'ans a8a3e to t+e bodl" $resence1 8ords1 and actons of
t+e +"$notser. T+e +"$notser s t+e $ersstent and do'natn& centre and
so)rce of +s drea's. 6+le t+e total s"ste' of 'ental ds$ostons s
ot+er8se )ne#cted and )ne#ctable1 or co'$arat2el" so1 fra&'entar" and1
so to s$ea31 localsed e#ctatons 'a" be set &on& fro' t+s centre. %nd n
t+e 'ore or less co'$lete absence of co'$etton1 conflct1 or nterference
fro' ot+er conc)rrent and coalescent consco)s $rocesses1 t+ese
s)&&estons9 +a2e t+e feld to t+e'sel2es1 and are t+erefore enabled to
de2elo$ 8t+ abnor'al ntenst" and f)lness. T+s +olds of ne&at2e as 8ell
as $ost2e s)&&estons. If t s s)&&ested t+at a cat s $resent 8+ere t+ere s
no cat1 t+e $atent 8ll +a2e t+e 22d drea'C'a&e of a cat1 and 8ll bele2e
n ts act)al e#stence1 or at least act as f +e dd so. In2ersel" f t s
s)&&ested t+at t+ere s no cat 8+en t+ere act)all" s a cat1 t+e $erce$ton of
t+e cat 8ll be e#cl)ded fro' t+e drea'Cconsco)sness1 or1 at an" rate1 8ll
be no$erat2e n deter'nn& ts de2elo$'ent and t+e actons connected
8t+ t. T+e sensor" st')l)s o$erates1 and 'a" &2e rse to sensaton1 and
$er+a$s e2en to $erce$tonG b)t t+e $erce$ton et+er fals to enter nto t+e
strea' of drea'Cconsco)sness at all1 or at least fals to nfl)ence ts co)rse
n an a$$recable 8a".
To co'$lete t+s broad and sc+e'atc acco)nt of +"$noss 8e +a2e onl"
to add t+at t+e +"$notser 'a" so'et'es b" a s)table $roced)re $rolon&
t+e effect of certan s)&&estons after t+e trance n &eneral +as ceased and
&2en $lace to 8a3n& consco)sness. -e does t+s b" 'a3n& t+e addtonal
s)&&eston t+at t+e s)bDect s+all re'e'ber 8+at +e +as been told after +e
+as been a8a3ened. 6+en t+e e#$er'ent s s)ccessf)l1 t+e res)lt s t+at t+e
$artc)lar &ro)$ of ds$ostons affected contn)es to be s$ecall" e#ctable
after t+e trance +as ceased1 and n s)c+ a 8a" t+at t co'es nto acton 8+en
a$$ro$rate occason arses. T+e corres$ondn& 'ental $rocesses 'a" et+er
enter nto t+e content of 8a3n& consco)sness or 'a" 'erel" 'odf" ts
de2elo$'ent 8t+o)t act)all" beco'n& $art of t.
It ')st be fran3l" ad'tted t+at bot+ n t+s $ostC+"$notc s)&&eston1 as
t s called1 and n ot+er facts connected 8t+ +"$noss1 t+ere s 2er" ')c+
t+at s for )s1 n t+e $resent state of o)r 3no8led&e1 e#ceedn&l" obsc)re and
llCdefned. B)t t+e dffc)ltes do not see' to be s)c+ as $ost2el" to
$recl)de e#$lanaton on so'e s)c+ lnes as I +a2e ro)&+l" ndcated. It s
for /"ers to s+o8 t+at +s ()bl'nal (elf9 s necessar" to 'a3e t+e facts
ntell&ble.
-s case see's to rest 'anl" on t+e c)rat2e and rec)$erat2e effects of
+"$notc s)&&eston. -e +olds t+at t+ese can onl" be e#$laned b" ass)'n&
so'e ener&"9 to be added1 t+o)&+ n an rre&)lar fas+on1 to bot+ or&anc
and $s"c+cal o$eratons. T+s ener&" s s)$$osed to be ndra8n9 fro' t+e
'etet+eral en2ron'ent9 of t+e ()bl'nal (elf.9 B)t1 as a 'atter of fact1
t 8o)ld see' t+at t+e t+era$e)tc o$eraton of +"$notc s)&&eston $resents
no dffc)ltes 8+c+ de'and so stran&e and farCfetc+ed a +"$ot+ess to
't&ate t+e'. Consder frst t+e rente&raton of ')lt$le# $ersonalt".9
T+e 'alad" n t+s case s 'ental dsnte&raton. T+ere are t8o or 'ore
dstnct strea's of consco)sness connected res$ect2el" 8t+ s"ste's of
'ental ds$ostons 8+c+ are f)nctonall" dscontn)o)s 8t+ eac+ ot+er. In
t+e +"$notc trance t+ese s"ste's are dssol2ed1 and 8t+ t+er dssol)ton
t+e &eneral condtons of re$rod)cton and assocaton are altered. T+e
f)nctonal dscontn)t" bet8een t+e traces of $ast e#$erence s 'ore or
less co'$letel" abols+ed1 so t+at reconstr)cton beco'es $ossble. To )se a
ro)&+ 'eta$+or1 t+e t"$e s bro3en )$ and 'a" be rearran&ed. Ta3e ne#t a
case of 'oral c)re1 e.g.1 of dr)n3enness. If "o) tell a dr)n3ard )nder
ordnar" condtons t+at 8+s3e" s $osono)s or dsa&reeable1 "o)r 8ords
8ll $robabl" $rod)ce no a$$recable effect. B)t t+e sa'e state'ent 'ade
b" a +"$notser to +s s)&&estble s)bDect 8ll &2e t+e corres$ondn& deas
relat2el" )ncontrolled do'nance and a $ec)lar ntenst" and f)lness of
de2elo$'ent. T+e s)bDect 8ll bele2e or at an" rate $roceed as f +e
bele2ed 8+s3e" to be $osono)s or dsa&reeable. %nd t+ere s not+n&
es$ecall" '"stero)s n t+e fact t+at t+e ad2anta&e t+)s &aned 'a"
so'et'es and n 2er"1 2ar"n& de&rees be )tlsed1 b" 'eans of $ostC
+"$notc s)&&estons1 to nfl)ence t+e co)rse of 8a3n& lfe. T+e $rod)cton
of anal&esa b" s)&&eston s eE)all" ntell&ble1 a$art fro' t+e ()bl'nal
Personalt".9 Pan s essentall" correlated 8t+ a certan state of t+e ner2o)s
s"ste'. !o81 accordn& to an" c)rrent 2e8 of t+e connecton bet8een
'ental $rocess and ner2o)s $rocess1 t+e f)ll de2elo$'ent of t+e dea of not
feeln& $an 8ll be acco'$aned b" a dfferent and nco'$atble state of
t+e ner2o)s s"ste'. T+)s t+e +"$notc s)&&eston of anal&esa ')st tend to
$rod)ce anal&esa1 ncl)dn& t+e nonCa$$earance of t+ose or&anc
acco'$an'ents of $an 8+c+ are condtoned b" ne)ral f)nctons. It 'a"
see' s)r$rsn& t+at n so'e cases t+e o$eraton of s)&&eston s+o)ld be so
$o8erf)l. B)t n realt" t+s s no stran&er t+an t+e s'lar effect of 'or$+a1
c+lorofor'1 or cocane. 4nall"1 8e +a2e to consder &enerall" t+e effect of
s)&&eston on s)c+ or&anc $rocesses as t+e crc)laton of t+e blood and t+e
secretons. -ere 8e +a2e to bear n 'nd t+at t+e ner2o)s s"ste' s an
nte&ral $art of t+e or&ans' n d"na'cal relaton to t+e ot+er $arts. In
)lt'ate $rnc$le1 t+ere s no 'ore dffc)lt" n t+e nfl)ence of deas and
belefs on t+e 2asoC'otor s"ste' or t+e secretons t+an n t+er nfl)ence on
t+e 2ol)ntar" ')scles. In fact1 t+e dfference s onl" one of de&ree. It s
'atter of e2er"da" e#$erence t+at deas and belefs deter'ne ot+er or&anc
c+an&e t+an ordnar" ')sc)lar contractons. 4)rt+er1 t+er effcac" n t+s
res$ect s &reater n $ro$orton to t+er )nc+ec3ed do'nance and ntenst".
B)t t+e deas s)&&ested n t+e +"$notc s)bDect $ossess n a s$ecal de&ree
)nc+ec3ed do'nance and ntenst". -ence t+e" are es$ecall" effect2e n
deter'nn& or&anc c+an&es.
T+e res)lt of t+s lon& dsc)sson s t+at t+e ()bl'nal (elf9 s not
'$led n t+e &enerall" ad'tted $+eno'ena of ')lt$le# $ersonalt"1
&en)s1 slee$1 drea's1 so'na'b)ls'1 and +"$noss. It cannot1 t+erefore1
constt)te a contn)o)s connecton bet8een t+ese and alle&ed cases of
telFst+esa1 tele$at+"1 clar2o"ance1 $reco&nton1 co'')ncaton fro'
de$arted s$rts1 etc. 6e 'a" no8 nE)re 8+et+er t for's $rnc$le of
)nt" connectn& 8t+ eac+ ot+er t+e se2eral d2erse &ro)$s of t+ose
$+eno'ena 8+c+ are dstnct2el" called $s"c+cal19 $res)'abl" beca)se
t+e" es$ecall" nterest t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+. On t+s $ont I
can afford to be 2er" bref. If '" $re2o)s contenton s D)stfed 8e 3no8
not+n& of t+e e#stence of t+e ()bl'nal (elf9 nde$endentl" of
$s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena. %nd 8+en 8e t)rn to t+ese1 t see's to be a 'ere
ass)'$ton1 t+at an" of t+e' de$ends on t+e e#stence and o$eraton of t+s
t)telar" &en)s. Grantn& t+at tele$at+"1 clar2o"ance1 and so fort+1 act)all"
occ)r1 and t+at t+e" '$l" a so)l se$arable fro' t+e bod" (or1 at least1 fro'
t+e &ross9 bod")1 t b" no 'eans follo8s t+at t+e 'ental lfe of t+s so)l s
n eac+ of )s9 s$lt nto t8o $r'arl" dstnct and dscontn)o)s strea's of
$ersonal consco)sness1 one s$ecall" concerned 8t+ an eart+l" and t+e
ot+er 8t+ an )neart+l" en2ron'ent. B)t f t+e ()bl'nal (elf s net+er
3no8n ot+er8se nor '$led n t+e nat)re of t+e $s"c+cal9 occ)rrences t
s $lan t+at t can s)$$l" no real $rnc$le of )nt". T+e atte'$ted
)nfcaton s 2erbal 'erel". It conssts n referrn& t+e 2aro)s &ro)$s of
occ)rrences to a $)rel" +"$ot+etcal and ot+er8se )n3no8n a&ent. I ')st1
+o8e2er1 add t+at1 a$art fro' t+s f)tle +"$ot+ess1 /r /"ers see's to 'e
to +a2e been n so'e 'eas)re s)ccessf)l n e#+btn& affnt" bet8een t+e
se2eral classes of $s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena. T+e conce$ton 8+c+ +as been
reall" )sef)l to +' s t+at of tele$at+". G2en t+at co'')ncaton ta3es
$lace bet8een nd2d)al 'nds )n'edated b" ordnar" $+"scal
condtons1 8e 'a" re&ard nterco)rse 8t+ de$arted s$rts as a s$ecal case
of t+e sa'e 3nd of $rocess. %nd clar2o"ance1 $reco&nton1 etc. 'a"
$er+a$s be referred to tele$at+c co'')non et+er 8t+ de$arted s$rts or
8t+ ot+er ntell&ences s)$eror to t+e +)'anG or t+e" 'a" be consdered as
so'et'es n2ol2n& a relaton bet8een 3no8er and t+n& 3no8n analo&o)s
to tele$at+c connecton. T+s s all 2er" obsc)re and conDect)ral. B)t t
see's a 'ore +o$ef)l 'ode of treatn& t+e E)eston t+an an" 8+c+ s based
on t+e +"$ot+ess of t+e e#stence of t+e ()bl'nal (elf.
T+e reader 8ll no do)bt e#$ect fro' 'e so'e atte'$t at a &eneral
est'ate of t+e s)ffcenc" or ns)ffcenc" of t+e e2dence acc)')lated b"
t+e (ocet" for Ps"c+cal Researc+ and $artl" re$rod)ced b" /r /"ers n
t+ese 2ol)'es. On t+s s)bDect I +a2e certanl" no cla' to s$ea3 as an
e#$ert. I a$$roac+ t1 t+erefore1 8t+ ')c+ dffdence1 contentn& '"self
8t+ a bref ndcaton of '" o8n $ersonal attt)de. It see's to 'e t+at1
after all crtcs's are allo8ed for1 t+e e2dence s stll decdedl"
'$ress2e1 and t+at t s s)ffcent to constt)te a &ood case for f)rt+er
n2est&aton. B)t I a' not con2nced b" t1 e2en as re&ards tele$at+". I
ad't t+at t+e res)lts of so'e of t+e recorded e#$er'ents n t+o)&+t
transference cannot be e#$laned as d)e et+er to concdence or to fra)d.
B)t I cannot re&ard t+e' as s+o8n& )na'b&)o)sl" t+e e#stence of a
'ode of co'')ncaton bet8een 'nd and 'nd radcall" dfferent n ts
nat)re fro' co'')ncaton t+ro)&+ t+e ordnar" c+annels of sense. %n
)lt'ate e#$lanaton 'a" reasonabl" be loo3ed for n t+e +"$erFst+esa
8+c+ s not an nfreE)ent feat)re of states a3n to t+e +"$notc trance. %nd
t+s e#$lanaton s1 I t+n31 rendered $ec)larl" $robable b" Le+'ann5s
e#$er'ents on )nconsco)s 8+s$ern&.9 6e ')st also re'e'ber +o8
ne#$lcable ')scle readn&9 $erfor'ances a$$eared before t+e act)al
$rocess 8as 3no8n. T+ere s no reason 8+" t+e sl&+t sensor" ndcatons
o$erat2e n so called t+o)&+t transference s+o)ld be e#cl)s2el" ')sc)lar
or a)dtor". %nd t s E)te $robable $s"c+olo&call" t+at s)c+ sensor"
ndcatons 'a" o$erate 8t+o)t ben& dscerned b" t+e $erson 8+o' t+e"
nfl)ence. 4nall"1 +"$erFst+esa and t+o)&+t transference are not ntall"
on t+e sa'e le2el as $rnc$les of e#$lanaton. Its contn)t" 8t+ t+e
&eneral s"ste' of 3no8led&e constt)tes a stron& ntal $res)'$ton n
fa2o)r of +"$erFst+esa.
T+e ot+er e2dence $resented to )s s $er'eated b" n+erent 8ea3nesses
for 8+c+ t s 2er" dffc)lt to 'a3e $ro$er allo8ance. I +a2e alread"
referred to t+ose connected 8t+ t+e $ec)larl" solated c+aracter of t+e
alle&ed occ)rrences 8t+n t+e &eneral s"ste' of o)r e#$erence. %not+er
arses fro' t+e relat2e dsconnecton of t+e se2eral &ro)$s of $+eno'ena
8t+ eac+ ot+erG for t+s n2ol2es a n)'ber of dstnct '$robabltes
nstead of one. %nd t s no satsfactor" c)re for t+s e2l to acce$t so'e and
reDect ot+ersG for t+e" all a$$ear to be s)$$orted b" a consderable bod" of
essentall" t+e sa'e sort of test'on". %not+er 'ost '$ortant so)rce of
8ea3ness s fo)nd n t+e conne#on of $s"c+cal $+eno'ena 8t+ 'ental
states 8+c+ are abnor'al n t+e sense of ben& dscontn)o)s 8t+ ordnar"
8a3n& consco)sness. In t+e frst $lace1 an ot+er8se +onest $erson 'a" be
E)te )ntr)st8ort+" )nder abnor'al condtons. %s ordnarl" 3no8n to +s
frends1 +e 'a" be +&+l" res$ectable and +ono)rable1 and "et +e 'a" be
2er" ca$able of fra)d1 false+ood1 and e2ason n a trance or quasiCtrance. In
t+e second $lace1 t+e e#$erences of abnor'al states are often E)te be"ond
t+e recall of t+e 8a3n& consco)sness1 or1 f t+e" are re'e'bered at all1 t+e
'e'or" of t+e' s $ec)larl" a$t to dsa$$ear 8t+ t+e la$se of t'e. T+s
constt)tes a s$ecal dra8bac3 n all alle&ed cases of a $erson n an
abnor'al state ds$la"n& 3no8led&e 8+c+ +e +as not acE)red n t+e 8a"
of ordnar" e#$erence. On s)c+ a $ont1 t s E)te )nsafe to tr)st t+e
'e'or" of t+e $erson +'self. -e cannot e2en be reled on for
re'e'bern& 8+et+er or not or +o8 often +e +as been n an abnor'al9
state before. T+e absence of e#$erences 8+c+ co)ld +a2e s)$$led or
s)&&ested t+e 3no8led&e s+o8n b" +' ')st be nferred fro' t+e &eneral
crc)'stances of t+e caseG and s)c+ nference s co''onl" 2er" $recaro)s.
In t+e t+rd $lace1 t+e sa'e dscontn)t" 8t+ nor'al 'ental lfe 8+c+
tends to $rod)ce for&etf)lness s and ')st be a $rolfc so)rce of
)nconsco)s falsfcaton of 'e'or". E2en )nder nor'al condtons1 t+e
test'on" of +onest 8tnesses freE)entl" contans '$ortant nacc)races on
$onts concernn& 8+c+ t+e" t+e'sel2es a$$ear to feel E)te confdent.
6+en s)c+ falsfcaton of 'e'or" s fa2o)red b" s$ecal condtons1 t s
e2dent t+at 8e o)&+t to be 2er" slo8 to acce$t test'on" to occ)rrences
ot+er8se +&+l" '$robable. T+s dffc)lt" es$ecall" affects nstances of
alle&ed concdence bet8een act)al e2ents and drea's or +all)cnatons. 4or
f)ll satsfacton 8e need n s)c+ case a 2er" $recse and f)ll 8rtten record
of t+e drea' or +all)cnaton certfed b" nde$endent 8tnesses to +a2e
been 'ade ''edatel" after ts occ)rrence.
Reasons of t+s 3nd lead 'e to ado$t an attt)de of s)s$ended D)d&'ent
n re&ard to $s"c+cal9 $+eno'ena. I a' not '"self clear as to t+e de&ree
of '" sce$tcs'1 or 8+at e2dence 8o)ld be s)ffcent to re'o2e t. B)t1 at
least1 '" do)bt s not do&'atc denal1 and I a&ree 8t+ /r /"ers t+at t+ere
s no s)ffcent reason for ben& $ec)larl" sce$tcal concernn&
co'')ncatons fro' de$arted s$rts. I also a&ree 8t+ +' t+at t+e alle&ed
cases of s)c+ co'')ncaton cannot be 8t+ an" a$$roac+ to $robablt"
e#$laned a8a" as 'ere nstances of tele$at+".
In concl)son1 I 8o)ld e#$ress t+e +o$e t+at not+n& I +a2e sad 8ll be
nter$reted as '$l"n& a +ostle attt)de to8ards Ps"c+cal Researc+. In
crtcsn& t+e t+eor" of t+e ()bl'nal (elf1 I see' to '"self to be don& t
a ser2ce. 4or an n2est&aton 8+c+ a's at ben& reall" scentfc o)&+t to
be defntel" dsentan&led fro' a +"$ot+ess so baseless1 f)tle1 and
nco+erent as I +old t+s to be.
G. 4. (TO:T.
:!IVER(ITY O4 (T %!,RE6(.

T+. 4lo)rno". Re2e8 of 'uman &ersonaity and (ts Surviva o$ )odiy
*eath. &roceedings o$ the Society $or &sychica 7esearch, *AJ<.C?. (*@>;)
LN)V This transation, and transations o$ a the 9rench and (taian
passages in -)'an Personalt", have been provided by 7obert 9.
CooB, &ro$essor o$ 9rench 8meritus at the Wniversity o$ Cirginia.M
4rederc /"ers5s $ost+)'o)s 8or3 for's so 2ast and so rc+ a
'on)'ent t+at t 8o)ld be fool+ard" to D)d&e t on t+e bass of a frst1 +ast"
readn&. T+e $erod follo8n& ts $)blcaton s not t+e t'e to e2al)ate t n
f)ll detal or to &a)&e ts real '$ortG 8+at s reE)red s t'e for
fa'larNaton1 for reflecton1 and1 f I 'a" $)t t t+s 8a"1 for s)bl'nal
d&eston. T+)s I 8ll l't '"self +ere to a fe8 &eneral obser2atons1
re$resentn& not+n& 'ore t+an strctl" $ersonal '$ressons1 8t+ no cla'
to be co'$lete or fnal.
(I.) T+e frst as$ect of t+e 8or3 t+at str3es 'e s ts co'$oste
c+aracter. It s bot+ scentfc and rel&o)s. /"ers5s ''edate &oal s to set
)$ a ne8 science1 de2oted to e#$er'ental $roof of t+e e#stence and t+e
s)r22al of t+e so)l. B)t +s f)rt+er1 +&+er &oal s to fo)nd a ne8 reigion1
8+ose content91 dstlled fro' t+e best t+at t+ree tradtons +a2e to offer
C+rstant"1 B)dd+s'1 and ancent 8sdo'8ll no8 be based )$on
3no8led&e and not1 as t 8as n t+e $ast1 )$on 'ere belef. In and of tself1
t+s )nderta3n& s not ne81 snce t+e dea of a defnt2e rel&o)s s"nt+ess1
based on scentfc e#$er'ent nstead of fat+1 s co''on to all 'odern
for's of t+eoso$+" and s$rt)als'. /"ers5s $o8erf)l or&nalt" les n t+e
8a" +e 8ent abo)t carr"n& o)t t+e tas3n t+e breadt+ of +s 3no8led&e1
t+e boldness of +s +"$ot+eses1 alled 8t+ +s $enetratn& sense of r&oro)s
'et+od1 n s+ort1 n t+e de$t+ and soldt" of +s scentfc &en)s1 8+c+
entrel" 'atc+ +s rel&o)s ent+)sas'. One needs onl" co'$are +s 8or3
to t+at of %llan Rardec or of s'lar 4renc+ 8rters belon&n& to t+e sa'e
sc+ool. T+e $r'ar" ntent and t+e t)rn of 'nd1 8+at I '&+t call t+e basc
'entalt"1 s dentcal1 b)t t+ere s t+e sa'e dfference n t+e e#ec)ton as
t+ere s bet8een t+e +)t b)lt b" a sa2a&e and t+e edfce b)lt b" a &reat
arc+tect. It s str3n& t+at so fe8 "ears1 or so fe8 lea&)es5 dstance1 le
bet8een 8or3s t+at loo3 to be se$arated b" t+o)sands of cent)res.
B)t1 as for t+e 'entalt" tself1 8+c+ a's for an ndssol)ble f)son of
(cence and Rel&on1 8t+ t+e latter based on t+e for'er1 I 8ll ad't t+at t
$)NNles 'e. I do not feel E)alfed to e2al)ate t. Personall"1 ndeed1 I 8as
too dee$l" affected n '" "o)t+ b" t+e Rantan dstncton bet8een
Gla)ben9 and 6ssen9 ($robabl" beca)se t 'atc+ed '" con&ental
nat)re) to be able to s+a3e t off no81 and to ft '"self nto t+e o$$osn&
'old. I 'a" +a2e for&otten lon& a&o t+e s$ecfcs of Rant5s cate&ores and
lost trac3 of t+e detals of +s co'$lcated s"ste'1 b)t '" bran1 or '"
s)bl'nal consco)sness1 stll retans1 neradcabl"1 t+e s"ste'5s
f)nda'ental der2aton fro' an rred)cble o$$oston bet8een beie$1
8+c+ s an essentall" $ersonal and 'oral attt)de based on 2al)es and
st)ated on t+e le2el of a s)$re'e realt" not accessble to ratonal
dsco)rse1 and Bno#edge1 8+c+ s a 8a" of or&anNn& $+eno'ena
accordn& to t+e ne)tral1 a'oral1 '$ersonal for's of scentfc t+o)&+t. I do
not cla' t+at t+s sort of d)als' s n+erentl" $referable to t+e )ntaran
$oston so brllantl" re$resented b" /"ers. I sa" onl" t+at snce t+e"
de$end on t8o dffern& $s"c+olo&cal t"$es or t8o dffern& 'entaltes1
eac+ of t+ese $ostons s dffc)lt to )nderstand1 and '$ossble to D)d&e
farl"1 for t+ose 8+o are not o$en to t.
Persons l3e /"ers see' to be dee$l" )neas" f t+e" +a2e not 'ana&ed
to transfor' t+e $ost)lates of t+er $ractcal reason (to )se Rant5s ter')
s)c+ 'atters as lfe after deat+1 t+e e#stence of God1 t+e realt" of d)t"1 t+e
fnal co'')non of so)ls1 t+e effcac" of $ra"ernto scentfc tr)t+s t+at
are obDect2el" de'onstrable n t+e sa'e 8a" t+e rotaton of t+e Eart+ or
/arotte5s La8 are. I feel an eE)all" dee$1 b)t o$$oste )nease n '" t)rn
8+en I see t+ese sa'e belefs1 8+c+ are 2tal and essental to 'e1 +an&n&
b" t+e slender t+read of a $at+olo&" e#$er'ent1 a statstcal s)r2e"1 or a
'ed)'5s seance. It see's to 'e t+at t does 2olence to t+e 'ost nt'ate
'$)lsons of '" ben& to e#$ose t+e' t+)s to an" and all rs3s1 b" ln3n&
t+e' 8t+ scentfc nter$retatons or res)lts t+at are acce$ted toda" and
'a" be o2ert+ro8n to'orro8. T+ere s no acco)ntn& for tastes1 of co)rse1
nor for t+e confdence a &2en $erson 'a" +a2e n t+e 2aro)s $at+s to
realt"1 'eans of &ras$n& tr)t+1 &ro)nds for 'oralt" or bases for rel&o)s
fat+ t+at are $ro$osed to +'. It s clear1 I re$eat1 t+at not+n& n t+s
'$les an" crtcs' 8+atsoe2er of /"ers. I note onl" t+at I a' not l3e
+'1 and t+at s allG and I +ardl" a' nclned to 'a3e acc)satons a&anst
+'1 &2en t+e n)'ber of $eo$le I +a2e enco)ntered 8+o s+are (8t+o)t
+a2n& 3no8n +') +s feeln&s1 +s )nsla3able t+rst for scentfc certant"
n rel&o)s E)estons1 +s ardent need for a tan&ble1 e#$er'ental
de'onstraton of lfe after deat+1 and so fort+. %nd snce n t+e end t+e 'ost
'$ortant t+n& s for e2er"one to be +a$$"1 I +o$e t+e f)t)re s+o8s +' to
+a2e been r&+t1 for t+e sa3e of all t+e tor'ented so)ls for 8+o' t+e
&)arantee of scence1 a$$led l3e a r)bber sta'$ on t+er n8ard +o$es1
'&+t ''edatel" brn& Do" and $eace8t+ no +ar' done n an" case to
t+ose 8+o do not nsst on s)c+ an offcal a$$ro2al1 or do not tr)st t.
(II.) Rel&o)s belefs and t+e rel&o)s attt)de deal1 at botto'1 8t+ t+e
n8ardness of t+n&s1 8t+ t+e s)$re'e en&'a1 8t+ t+e last 8ord on t+e
)n2erse and on lfe. If 8e are to $lace t+ese f)nctons of o)r 'oral ben&
)nder t+e D)rsdcton of e#$er'ental scence1 and call on t+e latter to be
D)d&e and D)r" n s)c+ 'atters1 8e ')st +a2e nearCtotal confdence n s)c+
scence1 8t+o)t $a"n& +eed to t+e 'nor obDectons $+loso$+ers +a2e
rased concernn& ts tr)e s&nfcance. T+)s 8e 8ll not be s)r$rsed f one
of /"ers5s c+aracterstc trats s +s ndfference to8ards t+e $roble's of
'eta$+"scs1 or of e$ste'olo&cal crtcs'1 bro)&+t to t+e fore b" t+e
t+n3ers of recent cent)res. 6+ere t+e dffc)ltes of nteracton bet8een
so)l and bod"1 t+e $roble's of reals' 2s. deals'1 of t+e e#stence of t+e
'ateral 8orld1 of t+e condtons of 3no8n& and l'ts of 2aldt" of o)r
3no8led&e1 and so fort+1 are concerned1 /"ers s resol)tel" slent. T+e
+stor" of 'odern $+loso$+" does not e#st for +'. -e s a $assonate
lo2er of classcal antE)t"1 and +e often ctes ts t+n3ers1 es$ecall" t+e
$oets. B)t t s no )se searc+n& +s 8rtn&s for t+e na'es of ,escartes or
($noNa1 of -)'e or Ber3ele"1 of ($encer or Reno)2er. LebntN s
rele&ated to a bref footnote1 8+c+ +e s+ares 8t+ -a'lton1 and Rant
+'self a$$ears t+ro)&+o)t t+e t8o 2ol)'es $r'arl" as a +storan of
(8edenbor&. /"ers o'ts e2en (c+o$en+a)er1 8+ose Cersuch Rber
:eistersehen and 8+ose t+eor" of t+e ,rea'Cor&an9 '&+t nonet+eless
+a2e offered so'e nterestn& ln3s 8t+ +s doctrne of t+e s)bl'nal
fac)ltes. 6e ')st f)rt+er reco&nNe t+at 8+le +e el'nates t+e &reat
6estern $+loso$+cal tradton n ts entret"1 +e also +as lttle reco)rse to
t+e s$rt)alst or occ)ltst lterat)re of o)r o8n t'e1 e#ce$t to borro8
certan obser2atons of e2ents fro' t. %nd so +e s s$ea3n& lterall" 8+en
+e calls +'self t+e re$resentat2e of a $aleolt+c $s"c+olo&"19 and actn&
E)te consstentl" 8+en +e ta3es a r)nnn& lea$ o2er all t+e best brans n
o)r c2lNaton (e#ce$t (8edenbor&)1 landn& a'on& t+ose +e calls +s tr)e
$rec)rsorsJ t+e +)'ble t+n3ers of t+e (tone %&e1 t+e ade$ts of sorcer" and
s+a'ans'.9 T+ose are ndeed t+e ancestors 8+ose for&otten conce$ts +e
+as str2en to brn& bac3 nto t+e center of t+n&s1 b" lendn& t+e' t+e
)ne#$ected and tr)'$+ant s)$$ort of conte'$orar" e#$er'ental scence
n all t+e rc+ness of ts +"$ot+eses and acc)')lated data. -e 3no8s scence
ad'rabl"1 and +e e#cels n 'a3n& t ser2e +s $)r$ose1 borro8n& 8t+
cons)''ate cle2erness e2er"t+n& t+at '&+t s)$$ort +s 2e8s1 fro' t+e
s'allest obser2atons 'ade b" $s"c+o$at+olo&sts to t+e bolo&cal t+eores
of e2ol)ton and t+e lttle ato'CD)&&ln& de'ons of Cler3 /a#8ell.
Once a&an1 t s+o)ld not be t+o)&+t t+at '" notn& /"ers5s e#cl)s2e
$reference for $ost2e scence and +s 'a&nfcent dsdan for t+e $roble's
of 'odern $+loso$+" '$les t+e least de&ree of crtcs'. X)te t+e
contrar"J +s free and eas" 'anner1 +s freedo' fro' t+e $reD)dces of
2aro)s sc+ools of t+o)&+t1 +s matter,o$,$actness1 f I 'a" $)t t so1 &2e 'e
nfnte $leas)re. T+ere s so'et+n& st')latn& and 8+oleso'e n seen& a
s$rt)alst s"ste' &ro8 (t+an3s to t+e s'$le 2rt)es of e'$rcal 'et+od
and co''on sense1 a$$led b" a 'an of &en)s) o)t of t+ose 2er" nat)ral
and 'edcal scences 8+ence so 'an" lo)dC'o)t+ed $o$)larNers +a2e tred
nstead to dra8 'ateralst s"nt+eses n'cal to +)'ant"5s ancent belefs.
%nd f /"ers5s 8or3 o)t8e&+s1 n t+e end1 t+e 8or3 of Bqc+ner1 -aec3el
and co'$an"1 +a2n& t)rned t+er o8n 8ea$ons a&anst t+e'1 f&+tn& on
t+e feld of $)re e#$er'ental reasonn& 8t+o)t reco)rse to t+e s)btletes of
e$ste'olo&"1 t+en t 8ll +a2e acco'$ls+ed ts tas3 f)ll"1 8+ere t+e
+stor" of +)'an t+o)&+t s concerned. !o one 8ll crtcNe t for +a2n&
&one stra&+t to ts 'ar3 8t+o)t lettn& tradtonal $+loso$+cal crtcs'
t)rn t asde.
(III.) T+s brn&s 'e to t+e consderaton of t+e s$ecfcall" scentfc
core of /"ers5s 8or31 lea2n& asde +s rel&o)s $+loso$+" (8+c+ I fnd
E)te ele2ated1 and for 8+c+ I feel &reat s"'$at+" and ad'raton). If 8e
set asde t+e %$$endces1 t+e Glossar"1 and ot+er s)$$ortn& 'ateral1 8+c+
are nds$ensable1 and f)ll of nterest for t+e reader1 8e fnd t+at t+e core
conssts of e&+t c+a$ters n t8o clearl" dstnct &ro)$s. T+e frst fo)r
c+a$ters (*isintegrations o$ &ersonaity/ :enius/ Seep/ 'ypnotism) co2er
facts 8del" reco&nNed n conte'$orar" scence1 b)t 8+c+ /"ers
nter$rets n an or&nal 8a"1 t+an3s to +s n+erentl" $s"c+olo&cal doctrne
on t+e constt)ton of t+e +)'an $ersonalt". T+e fo)r fnal c+a$ters1 on t+e
ot+er +and1 t+ose t+at f)ncton 'ore s$ecfcall" as bass for +s
de'onstraton of t+e nde$endence and s)r22al of t+e so)l1 'o2e n s$+eres
t+at 'ost e'nent scentsts dsa$$ro2e of +eartl" e2en toda". 6e ')st1
t+en1 follo8 t+e a)t+or on t8o se$arate le2els.
6+en a$$led to t+e frst of t+ese do'ans1 t+e 2yersian t+eor" of
()bl'nal (elf (8+c+ s 8ellC3no8n eno)&+ so t+at I need not s)' t )$
+ere) see's to 'e to be +&+l" re'ar3able1 and 8ort+" of sero)s attenton
a'on& $s"c+olo&sts1 e2en acade'cs and offcal $racttoners. T+s s d)e
to t+e 'ar2elo)s fle#blt" 8t+ 8+c+ t+e t+eor" ada$ts tself to a 8de
ran&e of facts1 t+e l&+t t s+eds on t+e' as a res)lt1 t+e ln3s and
)ne#$ected relatons+$s t+at t creates a'on& t+e'1 t+e s"ste'atc
or&anNaton1 n s+ort1 and t+e )nderstandn& 8+c+1 t+an3s to t+e t+eor"1
s)ddenl" s$rn& fro' t+s $re2o)sl" c+aotc and obsc)re 'ass of
$+eno'ena. !o do)bt t &oes 8ell be"ond t+e res)lts of r&oro)s
obser2aton n 'an" areas1 and at t'es t 'a" see' ad2ent)reso'e or
'"stcal n t+e 8a" t assocates1 flls n1 and nter$rets t+ose $+eno'ena
t+at can be 2erfed drectl". B)t t+at s an ne2table as$ect of an" t+eor"1 as
o$$osed to t+e s'$le a'assn& of br)te factG and t+e boldness of a
+"$ot+ess o)&+t to be consdered a $ost2e E)alt" rat+er t+an a defect1
8+en t+e onl" conseE)ences of s)c+ boldness are a 8denn& of o)r
+orNon1 a 'ore co'$lete and satsfactor" )nderstandn& of t+e e'$rcal
data1 a better '$et)s &2en to t+o)&+t and researc+. %nd n t+ese 2aro)s
conte#ts1 t+e t+eor" of /"ers $resents t8o or t+ree 'ar3s of e#cellence
8+c+ see' to 'e to $)t t n a class b" tself (8+ate2er '$ro2e'ents t
'a" )nder&o later).
(*) 4rst of all1 t s)bs)'es1 fro' ts +&+er and 'ore co'$re+ens2e
$ont of 2e81 a 'ass of s'lar b)t less elaborate t+eores eac+ one of
8+c+ can be sE)ared onl" 8t+ a certan l'ted do'an of fact. ,)rand le
Gros5s $ol"$s"c+s'1 ,essor5s do)ble self1 7anet5s 'ental dssocatons1
Bre)er5s and 4re)d5s +"$nod states1 G"el5s s)bconsco)s ben&1
nn)'erable Ger'an doctrnes of t+e s)bconsco)s and eE)all" nn)'erable
4renc+ t+eores of slee$8al3n& and +"$noss1 all of t+ese see'n&l" add )$
to 'ere $rel'nar" s3etc+es1 fra&'ents1 or dstorted ec+oes of /"ers5s
doctrne tself. T+e +storans of t+e f)t)re 'a" str2e to )ntan&le1 fro'
t+ese s'lartes1 8+at t+e En&ls+ $s"c+olo&st o8es to +s $redecessors or
to +s lessCbrllant conte'$orares1 as 8ell as 8+at 'an" of t+e latter rat+er
borro8ed fro' +'1 consco)sl" or )nconsco)sl"1 8+le +e 8as l2n&. One
fact re'ans ob2o)s to 'eJ alt+o)&+ t+e dea of s)bl'nal consco)sness1
as o$$osed to t+e )ntar" self of classcal s$rt)als' and to t+e
)nconsco)s cerebraton of strct $+"solo&sts1 +as been n t+e ar for a
&eneraton or t8o1 and alt+o)&+ t +as s)rfaced1 n 2aro)s for's1 n t+e
'nds of a lar&e n)'ber of researc+ers1 stll1 t s certanl" t+ro)&+ /"ers5s
&en)s t+at t+e dea +as rece2ed ts 'ost $erfect and 'ost t+oro)&+
e#$resson.
(.) %n ndrect $roof of t+e 2al)e and t+e fertlt" of /"ers5s doctrne s
fo)nd n t+e rc+ f)nd of str3n& co'$arsons and 8ellCt)rned for')lae t+at
t +as s)&&ested to +'. T+ese are $resentl" too often o2erloo3ed b"
s$ecalsts 8+o +estate to ta3e notce of t+e 8or3 of a'ate)rs1 b)t t+e" 8ll
certanl" enDo" &ro8n& fa2or as +s 8or3 beco'es better 3no8n. I a' not
referrn& onl" to t+e n&eno)s neolo&s's /"ers +as nte&rated nto t+e
2ocab)lar" of $s"c+olo&"1 se2eral of 8+c+ are alread" n 8des$read )se1
b)t also to t+e s)r$rsn&l" s'$le and $recse e#$lanatons t+at +s t+eor"
offers n areas 8+ere 'an" a fa'o)s 'aster s stll co'$letel" bo&&ed
do8n. -ere are so'e e#a'$lesJ +"stera1 8+c+ /"ers attrb)tes to an
)nd)e $er'eablt" of t+e $s"c+cal da$+ra&'19 leadn& to a state of
conf)son n t+e e#c+an&es bet8een t+e ordnar" $ersonalt" and ts
s)bconsco)s la"ers1 8+c+ are 'ore or less )n+ealt+"G or &en)s1
c+aracterNed b" ns$raton1 or a s)bl'nal )$r)s+ of +el$f)l fac)lt"9G or
s)&&eston1 8+c+ s bot+ e#$laned and l'ted b" t+e follo8n& defnton1
8+c+ s a tr)e 'aster$eceJ a s)ccessf)l a$$eal to t+e s)bl'nal self19 and
so on. It 'a" be obDected t+at all of t+ese are 8ords or 'a&es and not
realtes. T+at 'a" be soG b)t f one co'$ares t+ese 8ords and t+ese 'a&es
to t+e ot+er concatenatons of 'a&es and 8ords n 8+c+ fas+onable
a)t+ors nd)l&e t+e'sel2es1 one 8ll see at once 8+ere t+e +&+est de&ree of
clart"1 alled 8t+ de$t+ and $recson1 a concse descr$ton of t+e facts1
and a conce$t of a real and satsfactor" e#$lanaton are to be fo)nd. 6e
need onl" ta3e )$1 for e#a'$le1 t+e 'ost recent 4renc+ t+eores of +"stera
*
to be '$ressed b" t+e e#tent to 8+c+ all of t+e' (8t+ t+e e#ce$ton of
7anet5s1 8+c+ s closel" related to /"ers5s and based1 as +s s1 n
$s"c+olo&") are )nsatsf"n& n t+e last anal"ss1 re'ann& r)d'entar"
alon&sde t+e conce$ton of t+s ne)ross t+at t+e doctrne of s)bl'nal
consco)sness allo8s )s to for'. In "et anot+er conte#t1 8+en 8e loo3 at
+"$nots' and s)&&eston1 8e see n)'ero)s a)t+ors lost n $ontless
dsc)ssons for lac3 of fa'lart" 8t+ /"ers5s clear deas and defntons.
(;) -s t+eor" o)tstr$s all of ts $eers1 as far as I 3no81 n ts f)llness
and b" t+e roo' t lea2es for ot+er $ossbltes not "et bro)&+t nto ben&1
so t+at1 e2en for t+ose 8+o 8o)ld den" t an" tr)t+ n and of tself1 t offers
at least t+e nest'able ad2anta&es of a sc+e'e t+at s fle#ble eno)&+ to
ncl)de1 f t+e need arses1 a n)'ber of ne8 facts for 8+c+ toda"5s scentfc
t+eores 'a3e no roo'1 and 8+c+ stand o)t as ano'ales for 8+c+ t+ere s
no acco)ntn&. I co)ld 'a&ne a st)aton 8+c+ s far fro' nconce2able1
n 8+c+ tele$at+" and tele3ness +ad been establs+ed be"ond t+e s+ado8
of a do)bt b" ob2o)s and re$eated $+eno'ena. T+at 8o)ld $)t t+e
str)ct)res of $+"solo&" totall" o)t of Dont1 8+ereas t+ese $ossbltes are
alread" b)lt nto /"ers5s t+eor"1 as 8e 3no8. Yet t+ere s no need to &o as
far as t+at1 and to n2ent a set of crc)'stances t+at are no8 'a&nar". 6e
need onl" &lance t+ro)&+ t+e 'ost recent 'edcal lterat)re1 and 8e 8ll
fnd1 n t+e 8rtn&s of a)t+ors lac3n& t+e least tant of '"stcs'1 t8o
e#a'$les of 8+at I +a2e n 'nd. On t+e one +and1 4renc+ $s"c+atrsts
+a2e D)st $)bls+ed se2eral cases of 'entall" ll $ersons 8+o s+o8ed1
s+ortl" before deat+1 a s)dden and ne#$lcable '$ro2e'ent n t+er
condton and at one and t+e sa'e t'e a clear $re'onton of a$$roac+n&
deat+. On t+e ot+er +and1 t+e cases cted b" e2er" $ro$onent of 'a&nets'
snce P)"sU&)r1 n 8+c+ slee$8al3ers +a2e a clear 'a&e of t+er o8n
2scera1 so'et'es e2en t+e nner'ost str)ct)res of t+e latter1 +a2e no8 for
t+e frst t'e entered t+e do'an of scence )nder t+e na'e of interna
autoscopy or autorepresentation of t+e or&ans'. B" an a')sn& ron" of
fate1 t+e s$onsors of t+s ne8co'er1 8+c+ s be"ond an" do)bt
$s"c+olo&cal and s)bl'nal1 +a$$en to be ad+erents of a sc+ool of t+o)&+t
8+c+ atte'$ts to reDect an" and all $s"c+olo&cal e#$lanatons of +"stera
and $refers to defne t+at ne)ross $)rel" n ter's of t+e $+"solo&" of t+e
bran. I a' not concerned +ere 8t+ dsco2ern& 8+et+er t+ese t8o
e#a'$les ($re'onton of deat+ n t+e 'entall" ll and n8ard a$$erce$ton
of t+e s'allest detals of t+e or&ans' n +"stercs) are real and a)t+entc1 or
rat+er are t+e res)lts of fra)d and error n obser2aton. I need onl" note t+at1
no8 t+at t+e" +a2e been redsco2ered b" scentsts of +&+l" $ost2st bent1
t+e" 'a" be easl" e#$laned b" /"ers5s t+eor" of s)bl'nal fac)ltes1
t+o)&+ t+e" clas+ 8t+ tradtonal $+"solo&" at least as ')c+ as +"$notc
anest+esa dd s#t" "ears a&o. If offcal scence toda" no lon&er $rotests
a&anst s)c+ )nbele2able dsco2eres1 as t dd t+en1 t s beca)se t+e 2er"
'en 8+o s$ea3 of s)bl'nal $s"c+olo&" 8t+ s)c+ s)$erb dsdan are
dee$l" nfl)enced b" t+e noton 8t+o)t realNn& t1 +a2n& 'bbed t fro'
t+e at'os$+ere of t+e a&eG and so t+e" 'a" be consdered to be )n8lln&
dsc$les of /"ers.
Once I add1 fnall"1 t+at t+s t+eor"1 t+o)&+ de2elo$ed $artc)larl" )nder
t+e '$)lson of abnor'al or 'orbd $+eno'ena1 'a" be a$$led eE)all"
8ell to nor'al $s"c+olo&"1 for 'an" of 8+ose ordnar" $+eno'ena (t+e
o$eratons of 'e'or"1 for e#a'$le) t allo8s a better el)cdaton t+an do
'an" ot+er classc doctrnes1 t+en I 8ll +a2e sad eno)&+ to D)stf" t+e
'$ortance I attac+ to t+e strctl" scentfc $art of /"ers5s 8or3. It s +&+
t'e for $at+olo&sts and $s"c+olo&sts to loo3 nto t1 to $)t asde t+er
arc+ac $reD)dces a&anst e2er"t+n& $rod)ced b" t+e $ro$onents of
$s"c+cal researc+9 8+oe2er t+e" 'a" +a$$en to be1 and to 'a3e )$ t+er
'nds to &2e sero)s st)d" to t+e doctrne of s)bl'nal consco)sness as
e#$o)nded b" ts 'ost ll)stro)s re$resentat2e. !ot1 of co)rse1 n order to
&2e t )nt+n3n& acce$tance1 b)t n order to 'a3e )se of 8+at s e#cellent
and dee$l" tr)e abo)t t1 to '$ro2e t 8+ere t s 8ea31 and to contn)e to
ada$t t to t+e co'$le#t" of t+e $+eno'ena.
IV. To t)rn no8 to t+e last fo)r c+a$ters (Sensory automatism/
&hantasms o$ the dead/ 2otor automatism/ Trance, possession, and
ecstasy)1 t+ese deal 8t+ b)rnn& E)estons 8+c+ 8ll $robabl" lon& re'an
a bone of contenton a'on& researc+ers. T+e facts t+at /"ers &arnered1 or
obser2ed $ersonall"1 con2nced +' entrel" of t+e f)nda'ental tr)t+ of
ancent s$rt)alst belefs. /erel" to state t+ese s to &2e 'ost of o)r
'odern t+n3ers fts)nless t+e" l't t+e'sel2es to a2ertn& t+er &aNes or
s+r)&&n& t+er s+o)lders. :$on f)ll reflecton1 I do not s+are t+er sense of
+orror or $t". /"ers5s s$rt)als'1 n an" case E)te co'$le# and e#$ertl"
de2elo$ed1 does not see' to 'e to reE)re ''edate reDecton s'$l"
beca)se t s t+e antt+ess of o)r c)rrent scentfc +abts. In fact1 toda"5s
$s"c+olo&"1 e2en $+"solo&call" conce2ed1 s tself based on an abs)rdt"
so &reat t+at t s '$ossble to 'a&ne a 8orse one. B" t+at I 'ean t+e
)non of $+eno'ena of consco)sness 8t+ cerebral $+eno'ena. 6+et+er t
be for')lated e'$rcall" as a rec$rocal e#c+an&e1 or as so'e sort of
f)nctonal ln31 or as a s'$le $arallels'1 t re'ans )nntell&ble1 and does
not cease to be so 8+en 8e ta3e ref)&e n t+e e'$t" 'eta$+ors of 'ons'1
t+e t+eor" of do)ble as$ect1 of a )nt" 8t+ t8o faces1 of t+e s)bDect2e
&ltter of t+e ne)roc"'e1 and so fort+. %s a res)lt1 t 8ll +ardl" 'a3e t+e
st)aton 8orse for )s to ad't1 i$ the $acts require it1 t+at t+s nconce2able
)non s not '')ne to d2orce1 and t+at t+ese 2er" $+eno'ena of
consco)sness t+at ordnar" e#$erence s+o8s to be '"stero)sl" ln3ed to
certan ner2e centers1 'a" be se$arated brefl" or $er'anentl" fro' t+ose
centers1 and ta3e t+e for' of 'nesc s"nt+eses1 $s"c+c $ersonaltes1
s)r22n& so)ls1 dscarnate s$rts1 or 8+ate2er one 8s+es to call t+e'.
($ the $acts require it. T+at s t+e E)eston. :nfort)natel"1 t+s E)eston
does not see' to be nearn& a sol)ton1 and eac+ of )s s red)ced to co'n&
)$ 8t+ a $ersonal stance on t+e 'atter as best +e can. /" o8n1 after +a2n&
read t+ese t8o 2ol)'es1 s t+e sa'e as t 8as before1 .e.1 t s so banal n ts
ca)to)sness and ts doclt" t+at I scarcel" dare for')late t. 6+ate2er s
n2ol2ed1 be t tele$at+" (n /"ers5s sense1 a $)rel" $s"c+c nfl)ence
)naded b" ntercerebral 2bratons) or clar2o"ance (telest+esa) or
$reco&nton (8+c+ )$roots o)r co''on deas of t'e) or $ossesson (t+e
n2ason of a 'ed)'5s or&ans' b" dscarnate $ersons)1 '" D)d&'ent s
t+sJ
(*) T+e e2dence and t+e ar&)'ents ad2anced b" /"ers n fa2or of
t+ese s)$ernor'al $+eno'ena constt)te1 b" t+er n)'ber and t+er
'$ortance1 a bod" of 8or3 too for'dable to be $assed o2er +encefort+1
s+ort of delberatel" closn& one5s e"es to t. %nd t 8o)ld be sll" and
senseless to cla' t can be set asde en bloc on t+e fallaco)s $rete#t t+at
s)c+ s)bDects are not ca$able of ben& st)ded scentfcall".
(.) /"ers5s concl)sons do not follo8 fro' t+s collecton 8t+ t+e 3nd
of ob2o)sness1 of ne2table necesst"1 t+at 8o)ld allo8 )s to consder
t+e' to be be"ond all crtcs' at $resent. I +o$e I 'a" be for&2en for not
$resentn& '" obDectons and co''ents n detal. It 8o)ld ta3e an entre
2ol)'e1 and n an" case I a' not co'$etent to dsc)ss t+e $rnc$al ele'ent
of t+e dosser1 t+e one t+at /"ers +'self consdered to be decs2e and to
be t+e $nnacle of +s edfce. Of co)rse I 'ean t+e $+eno'ena assocated
8t+ /rs. P$er (not to 'enton t+ose assocated 8t+ /rs. T+o'$son1
8+c+ t s 2er" stran&e to see o'tted entrel" fro' t+e fo)rteen +)ndred
$a&es before )s1 &2en t+e $lace occ)$ed b" +er sttn&s d)rn& t+e last
"ears of /"ers5s lfe1 and t+er '$ortance for t+e de2elo$'ent of +s
con2ctons concernn& t+e a)t+entct" of s$rt)al co'')ncatons
.
). Is t
reall" t+e s$rts of t+e dead1 or at t+e 2er" least so'e ele'ent of t+er
$ersonalt"1 t+at s$ea3 to )s t+ro)&+ trance 'ed)'sW Or s t+at onl" a
dece$t2e a$$earance1 d)e to a s)btle co'bnaton of s)bconsco)s
'a&naton (8+ose trc3s are all too fa'lar to )s) 8t+ tele$at+"
or&natn& n t+e l2n&1 8+ose l'tatons are not no8 3no8nW I do not
ntend to o)tC-erod -erodG t s not )$ to 'e1 as a dstant and llCnfor'ed
onloo3er1 to for' a fr' o$non on $roble's on 8+c+ t+e 'ost a)&)st
&at+ern& of D)d&es1 t+ose 8+o +a2e follo8ed t+ese 'atters fro' t+er frontC
ro8 seats1 +a2e not "et co'e to a )nan'o)s 2erdct. % $atent and o$enC
'nded 8atc+f)lness s t+e onl" correct attt)de 8+en faced 8t+ t+e
d2er&ences of nter$retaton t+at se$arated e2en /"ers and /rs. (d&8c3
(t+e one +a2n& fa2ored drect $ossesson b" t+e dscarnate1 t+e ot+er
tele$at+" of dscarnate or&n)1 not to 'enton t+e "et 'ore f)nda'ental
dsa&ree'ent t+at re'ans a'on& a)t+ortes s)c+ as -"slo$ and Pod'ore1
-od&son and Lan&1 and so fort+.
(V.) I 8ll state n concl)son t+at no one can foresee t+e fate t+at t+e
f)t)re +olds n store for /"ers5s s$rt)alst doctrne. If f)t)re dsco2eres
fnall" confr' +s t+ess of t+e e'$rcall" 2erfable nter2enton of
dscarnate $ersonaltes n t+e $+"scal or $s"c+olo&cal fabrc of o)r 8orld
and ts $+eno'ena1 t+en +s na'e 8ll be nscrbed n t+e &olden boo3 of
&reat nno2ators1 alon&sde t+ose of Co$ernc)s and ,ar8n. -e 8ll ro)nd
o)t t+e trad of &en)ses1 t+ose 8+o +a2e bro)&+t abo)t t+e 'ost $rofo)nd
re2ol)tons e2er n scentfc t+o)&+t as t deals 8t+ cos'olo&"1 bolo&"1
and $s"c+olo&". If1 on t+e ot+er +and1 t+e 2el +e tred to lft 8ere to dro$
soldl" bac3 nto $lacef t+e brllant 2stas of an e0perimenta
metaphysics1 ca$able of carr"n& t+e obDect2e and '$ersonal $roced)res of
scence nto t+e Great Be"ond1 8ere to t)rn o)t to be not+n& b)t a
'sleadn& 'ra&ef t 8ere all an o$tcal ll)son t+an3s to 8+c+ 'ere
c+lds+ &a'es1 or 'acabre Do3es1 $la"ed b" s)bl'nal consco)snesses
t+at 8ere allCtooCncarnate and 'ore or less $er2erted1 8ere ta3en as
re2elatons fro' be"ond t+e &ra2ef1 n a 8ord1 8e 8ere obl&ed to &2e
)$ fore2er1 not on s)r22al (8+c+ s anot+er 'atter entrel") b)t on
scentfc $roof of s)r22al1 t+en t+e 2er" &oal to8ard 8+c+ /"ers bent all
+s efforts 8o)ld le n r)ns1 and t+e o2erarc+n& dea of +s career 8o)ld
be onl" a )to$an 2son. T+at does not 'ean 8e s+o)ld for&et t+at e2en n
t+at case1 +s strctl" scentfc 8or31 far fro' colla$sn&1 8o)ld s)r22e
ntact1 and ts soldt" 8o)ld beco'e e2en clearer beca)se o)r 2er" relance
on t 8ll +a2e allo8ed )s to attan a correct $ct)re of t+n&s. Indeed t
see's certan to 'e t+at f e2er ll)son s 2anE)s+ed1 and tr)t+ dsco2ered1
n t+e '"stero)s do'an of occ)lt $+eno'ena1 t 8ll be done onl" b"
follo8n& n t+e $at+ /"ers +as cleared so t+oro)&+l". B" t+at I 'ean
del2n& e2er 'ore dee$l" nto t+e n2est&aton of 8+c+ +e +as been t+e
leadn& l&+t1 nto t+e st)d" of t+e +dden f)nctons and t+e n8ard $o8ers
of o)r ben&1 and t+)s co'$letn& t+e constr)cton of t+at ()bl'nal
Ps"c+olo&" 8t+ 8+c+1 8+ate2er t+e o)tco'e1 +s na'e 8ll re'an
&loro)sl" assocated.

or&ns
7eturn
rad1 s)r$rse attac3
7eturn
loco'otor ata#aG a slo8 de&eneraton of t+e ner2e cells and ner2e fbers
t+at carr" sensor" nfor'aton to t+e bran
7eturn
narro8n& of $ersonalt" LRc+et5s ter'M
7eturn
$s"c+olo&cal or $s"c+c 'ser"
7eturn
T+e /ental (tate of -"stercs
7eturn
a$$ears L$recse translaton &2en n te#tM
7eturn
$s"c+olo&cal or $s"c+c 'ser"
7eturn
+"stercs 8+o r)le t+e 8orld
7eturn
Le#$laned n te#t n /"ers5s ter'sM lterall" $s"c+olo&cal or $s"c+c
'ser"9
7eturn
One does not 8or31 one lstens1 t5s l3e a stran&er 8+o s$ea3s at "o)r ear.
7eturn
It s not I 8+o t+n3sG t s '" deas 8+c+ t+n3 t+ro)&+ 'e.
7eturn
scandal s+eet
7eturn
scandal s+eet
7eturn
a $ersonal attendant
7eturn
for 8ant of a 'ore satsfactor" alternat2e
7eturn
a2era&e 'an
7eturn
one sn&s 8+at s not 8ort+ sa"n&
7eturn
I a' one 8+o1 8+en Lo2e ns$res 'e1 ta3es note1 and &2es 'eann&
accordn& to 8+at s dctated 8t+n. L,ante1 *ivina Commedia, &urgatorio1
00IV1 ?.K?<M
7eturn
obsesson
7eturn
8ttcs'
7eturn
T+ere +e sZ
7eturn
(lee$ and ,rea's
7eturn
,rea's
7eturn
!e)roses and Obsessons
7eturn
for 8ant of a 'ore satsfactor" alternat2e
7eturn
%n oa3en t)b1 <K? feet n da'eter1 8t+ ron and &lass $arts1 8+c+ /es'er
)sed to store 'a&netc fl)d.
7eturn
dee$ +"$noss LC+arcot5s ter'M
7eturn
dela"edCacton
7eturn
a tec+ncal ter' of Rc+et5s1 referrn& to '$ro2e'ent n ntell&ence )nder
+"$noss
7eturn
born cr'nal
7eturn
(lee$Z
7eturn
!otes on t+e -stor" and Establs+'ent of %n'al /a&nets'G %n'al
/a&nets' and ts Relatons 8t+ t+e Varo)s Branc+es of General P+"scs
7eturn
re8or3n&
7eturn
It s onl" t+e frst ste$ t+at costs.
7eturn
co'n& to&et+er
7eturn
s)$eror 3no8led&e
7eturn
conte'$laton1 'edtatonG rela#aton9 '&+t be closest
7eturn
conte'$laton1 'edtatonG rela#aton9 '&+t be closest
7eturn
(nce 8e s+all be treatn& t+e a$$artons of Pallada1 I a' obl&ed frst to
sa" a fe8 8ords abo)t +er. (+e 8as t+e da)&+ter of a rc+ R)ssan
lando8ner 8+o +ad ded a 'ont+ before +er brt+. -er des$arn& 'ot+er
offered +er )nborn c+ld to rel&on. T+at s t+e or&n of +er na'e1 8+c+ s
)sed a'on& n)ns. T8o "ears later1 +er 'ot+er ded1 and )ntl t+e a&e of
fo)rteen1 t+e or$+aned &rl 8as rased n a /osco8 con2ent b" +er a)nt1
8+o 8as ts /ot+er ()$eror.
7eturn
In *A=>1 8+le stll a st)dent at /osco8 :n2erst"1 I 'et Pallada5s brot+er1
a fello8 st)dent1 and 8e often s$o3e of brn&n& t+e n)nCdes$teC+erself nto
t+e o)tsde 8orld. (tll1 t+e $lan 8as not carred o)t )ntl *A=.. I +ad co'e
to /osco8 d)rn& t+e s)''er1 to see t+e e#+bton1 and I 'et Pallada5s
brot+er t+ere b" accdent. I learned t+at +e 8as sendn& +er to t+e Cr'ea
for +er +ealt+1 and I dd 8+at I co)ld to +el$. T+at s 8+en I frst sa8
Pallada. (+e 8as fo)rteen1 and1 t+o)&+ tall1 s+e 8as 2er" fral and alread"
cons)'$t2e. %t +er brot+er5s reE)est1 I acco'$aned Pallada and +er sster1
/ada'e P. (.1 to t+e Cr'ea1 8+ere t+e" sta"ed for t+e 8nter. %fter t8o
8ee3s1 I ret)rned to Re2.
7eturn
In t+e s)''er of *A=;1 I ran nto Pallada and +er sster n Odessa1 8+ere
t+e" +ad co'e to cons)lt $+"scans1 t+o)&+ Pallada see'ed to be don&
farl" 8ell. On .= %)&)st1 as I 8as readn& to t+e t8o lades1 Pallada ded
s)ddenl" of an ane)r"s'1 at t+e a&e of ffteen.
7eturn
T8o "ears after Pallada5s deat+1 n *A=?1 8+le I 8as n Re21 I +a$$ened
one ,ece'ber e2enn& to attend '" frst sUance. I +eard ra$$n&1 8+c+ n
no 8a" s)r$rsed 'e1 for I 8as s)re t 8as a $ractcal Do3e. Once I +ad &one
+o'e1 I 8anted to fnd o)t 8+et+er t+e sa'e ra$$n&s 8o)ld occ)r t+ere1 so
I too3 )$ t+e sa'e $oston1 8t+ '" +ands on t+e table. (oon ra$s 8ere
+eard. I'tatn& t+e $roced)re I +ad 8tnessed earler1 I be&an to recte t+e
al$+abet1 and I rece2ed t+e na'e of Pallada. I 8as startled1 e2en fr&+tened
or nearl" so. I co)ld not cal' do8n1 so I ret)rned to t+e table1 and as3ed
Pallada 8+at s+e +ad to sa" to 'e. T+e res$onse 8asJ P)t t+e an&el bac31
t s falln&.9 %t frst I dd not 3no8 8+at s+e 8as tal3n& abo)t. B)t n fact1
s+e s b)red n Re21 and I +ad +eard t+at t+ere 8ere $lans to $)t a
'on)'ent at +er to'b. (tll1 I +ad ne2er been t+ere1 and I dd not 3no8
8+at sort of 'on)'ent 8as n2ol2ed. %fter t+s ans8er1 I dd not &o to bed1
and at da"brea31 I 8ent to t+e ce'eter". 6t+ so'e dffc)lt"1 and 8t+ t+e
+el$ of t+e 3ee$er1 I fnall" fo)nd t+e to'b b)red )nder t+e sno8. I 8as
transf#edJ t+e 'arble stat)e of an an&el bearn& a cross la" besde t.
7eturn
%t t+at 'o'ent1 t 8as $ro2en to 'e be"ond do)bt t+at t+ere s anot+er
8orld 8t+ 8+c+1 so'e+o81 8e can co'')ncate1 and 8+ose n+abtants
can &2e )s $roofs of t+er e#stence stron& eno)&+ to dsar' t+e 'ost
tenaco)s for's of s3e$tcs'.
7eturn
In October1 *A=B1 I 8as n Re21 and 8as 'o2n& nto ne8 lod&n&s1 n
Proresna"a (treet1 8t+ /r. Potolo21 '" fello8 offcal at t+e /nstr" of
7)stce. % s'all $ano +ad D)st been del2ered to 'e t+ere. It 8as $)t n t+e
dra8n& roo'1 and I be&an to $la". It 8as abo)t e&+t n t+e e2enn&G t+e
roo' 8+ere I 8as $la"n& 8as lt b" a la'$ on t+e 8all. Off to one sde 8as
'" st)d"1 also lt b" a la'$. I re'e'ber 8ell 8+at a &ood 'ood I 8as n.
/" frend /r. Potolo2 8as b)s" at +s table1 at t+e ot+er end of t+e
a$art'ent. %ll t+e doors 8ere o$en1 and fro' +s $oston1 +e co)ld easl"
see t+e st)d" and t+e roo' 8+ere I 8as $la"n&. Glancn& to8ard t+e door
of '" st)d"1 I s)ddenl" sa8 Pallada. (+e 8as standn& r&+t n t+e door
8a"1 t)rned sl&+tl" to one sde1 +er face to8ard 'e. (+e 8as loo3n&
cal'l" at 'e. (+e +ad on t+e sa'e dar3Ccolored dress s+e 8as 8earn&
8+en I sa8 +er de. -er r&+t +and s8)n& free. I co)ld see +er s+o)lders
and +er torso clearl"1 b)t I do not re'e'ber 8+at t+e lo8er $art of +er
clot+n& 8as l3e. ,d I see +er feetW /a"be1 or 'a"be not1 for I 8as
loo3n& at +er e"es t+e 8+ole t'e. 6+en I sa8 +er1 I totall" for&ot t+at I
8as seen& before 'e1 not a l2n& $erson1 b)t a dead one1 so clearl" co)ld I
see +er. (+e 8as lt fro' bot+ sdes1 and n an" case1 '" e"es&+t s
e#cellent. /" frst reacton 8as a cold c+ll. I 8as as t+o)&+ t)rned to stone1
and '" breat+ sto$$ed1 b)t t 8as not t+e effect of fear or e#cte'ent1 t 8as
so'et+n& else. I can co'$are t to t+e feeln& I +a2e 8+en I loo3 do8n
fro' a &reat +e&+t. T+en I feel terrble an#et"1 and "et I cannot $re2ent
'"self fro' loo3n&1 for so'et+n& o2er8+el'n& attracts 'e. I co)ld not
sa" +o8 lon& Pallada re'aned before 'e1 b)t I re'e'ber s+e 'ade a
'o2e'ent to +er r&+t1 and dsa$$eared be+nd t+e door8a" leadn& to t+e
st)d". I r)s+ed to8ards +er1 b)t as I reac+ed t+e door1 I sto$$ed1 for t 8as
onl" t+en t+at I re'e'bered t+at s+e 8as alread" dead1 and I 8as afrad to
&o nsde1 so s)re 8as I t+at I 8o)ld see +er a&an t+ere. %t t+at 'o'ent '"
frend ca'e )$1 as3n& 'e 8+at 8as 8ron& 8t+ 'e. I told +' 8+at +ad
D)st +a$$ened1 and 8e 8ent nto t+e st)d"1 8+ere 8e fo)nd no one. /"
frend1 +a2n& +eard '" $ano $la"n& s)ddenl" sto$1 +ad loo3ed )$1 and1 as
best I can re'e'ber1 sad +e too +ad seen so'eone $ass n front of t+e door.
(een& +o8 e#cted I 8as1 +e atte'$ted to cal' 'e b" sa"n& t 8as
$robabl" !3ta1 '" ser2ant1 8+o +ad co'e to tend to t+e la'$. 6e 8ent
nto +s roo' at once. -e 8as not t+ere1 b)t rat+er do8nstars1 n t+e
3tc+en1 $re$arn& t+e sa'o2ar. T+at s +o8 I sa8 Pallada for t+e frst t'e1
t+ree "ears after +er deat+.
7eturn
%fter Pallada5s frst a$$arton1 n October1 *A=B1 I sa8 +er often1 and I stll
do. (o'et'es I see +er t+ree t'es n a 8ee31 or t8ce n one da"G at ot+er
t'es1 a 'ont+ &oes b" 8t+o)t '" seen& +er. -ere s a s)''ar" of t+e
$rnc$al c+aracterstcs of t+ese a$$artons.
7eturn
(*) Pallada al8a"s a$$ears )ne#$ectedl"1 ta3n& 'e b" s)r$rse 8+en I a'
t+n3n& of t t+e least
7eturn
(.) 6+en I 8ant to see +er of '" o8n 2olton1 t s )seless to t+n3 abo)t
+er or to 8ll +er to a$$ears+e doesn5t co'e
7eturn
(;) 6t+ rare e#ece$tons1 +er a$$earances +a2e not+n& to do 8t+ '" dal"
lfe et+er as $re'ontons or as 8arnn&s of so'e )n)s)al e2ent.
7eturn
(<) I ne2er see +er n '" drea's.
7eturn
(?) I see +er bot+ 8+en alone and 8+en s)rro)nded b" $eo$le.
7eturn
(B) (+e al8a"s a$$ears to 'e 8t+ t+e sa'e serene e#$resson n +er e"es1
so'et'es 8t+ a fant s'le. (+e +as ne2er s$o3en to 'e1 e#ce$t on t8o
occasons1 to 8+c+ I s+all ret)rn belo8.
7eturn
(=) I al8a"s see +er n t+e dar3 dress s+e +ad on 8+en I sa8 +er de. I see
+er face1 +er +ead1 +er s+o)lders and +er ar's clearl"1 b)t I do not see +er
feet1 or rat+er1 I do not +a2e t+e t'e to e#a'ne t+e'.
7eturn
(A) Eac+ t'e I see Pallada )ne#$ectedl"1 I a' )nable to s$ea31 I +a2e a
feeln& of cold1 I &o $ale1 I )tter a 8ea3 cr"1 and '" breat+n& sto$s
(accordn& to t+ose 8+o b" c+ance +a2e been 8atc+n& 'e at t+e t'e).
7eturn
(@) T+e a$$araton of Pallada lasts one1 t8o1 or t+ree 'n)tes1 t+en
&rad)all" s+e fades o)t and dssol2es nto s$ace.
7eturn
!o8 I s+all descrbe t+ree of Pallada5s a$$earances t+at I re'e'ber 8ell.
7eturn
(*) %t t+e end of !o2e'ber1 *A=@1 n Re21 I 8as sttn& at '" des3 8rtn&
o)t an ndct'ent. It 8as a E)arter $ast e&+t n t+e e2enn&G '" 8atc+ 8as
l"n& on t+e table n front of 'e. I 8as n a +)rr" to fns+1 for I 8as
e#$ected at a $art" at nne. ()ddenl"1 sttn& on a c+ar across fro' 'e1 I
sa8 Pallada. (+e +ad +er r&+t elbo8 on t+e table and +er +ead 8as
s)$$orted b" t+e r&+t +and. Once I &ot o2er '" astons+'ent1 I loo3ed at
t+e 8atc+ and follo8ed t+e 'o2e'ent of ts second +and. T+en I loo3ed )$
at +er a&an. I sa8 t+at s+e +ad not c+an&ed +er $oston1 and +er elbo8 8as
clearl" o)tlned on t+e table. -er e"es 8ere 8atc+n& 'e 8t+ Do" and
serent". T+en1 for t+e frst t'e1 I decded to s$ea3 to +er. I as3edJ 6+at
do "o) feel r&+t no8W9 -er face re'aned '$ass2e1 and +er l$s1 as far as
I can re'e'ber1 dd not 'o2e1 b)t I clearl" +eard +er 2oce $rono)nce t+e
8ord X)et)de.9 I )nderstand19 I ans8ered1 and ndeed1 at t+at 'o'ent1 I
)nderstood all of t+e 'eann& s+e +ad &2en t+e 8ord.
7eturn
(.) In *AA?1 I 8as sta"n& 8t+ '" $arents1 at a &o2ern'ent co)ntr" +o)se
at Polta2a. % lad" 8e 3ne8 +ad co'e to s$end a fe8 da"s 8t+ )s and +ad
bro)&+t +er t8o da)&+ters. (o'e t'e after t+er arr2al1 I a8o3e at frst
l&+t1 and sa8 Pallada. (I 8as slee$n& n a se$arate 8n& I +ad to '"self.)
(+e 8as standn& before 'e1 at abo)t f2e $aces5 dstance1 and 8as loo3n&
at 'e 8t+ a Do"o)s s'le. Co'n& closer1 s+e sad brefl"J I52e been1 I52e
seen19 and1 stll s'ln&1 s+e dsa$$eared. I co)ld not )nderstand 8+at t+ese
8ords 'eant. /" do&1 a setter1 8as slee$n& 8t+ 'e n t+e roo'. %s soon
as I sa8 Pallada1 t+e do&5s +ar stood on end1 and +e lea$ed nto '" bed
8t+ a "el$1 and ca'e and $ressed )$ a&anst 'e1 loo3n& to8ard 8+ere I
co)ld see Pallada. T+e do& dd not bar31 t+o)&+ )s)all" +e let no one enter
'" roo' 8t+o)t bar3n& and &ro8ln&. %nd e2er" t'e t+e do& sa8
Pallada1 +e 8o)ld $ress a&anst 'e as t+o)&+ see3n& a +dn& $lace. Once
Pallada +ad dsa$$eared1 and I +ad &one nto t+e 'an +o)se1 I sad not+n&
of t+e ncdent to an"one. T+at 2er" e2enn&1 t+e elder da)&+ter of t+e
8o'an 8+o 8as 2stn& )s told 'e t+at a stran&e t+n& +ad +a$$ened to +er
t+at 'ornn&. I 8o3e )$ 2er" earl"19 s+e sad1 and I felt as f so'eone 8as
standn& b" t+e +ead of '" bed1 and I +eard clearl" a 2oce sa"n& H,o not
fear 'e1 I a' &ood and lo2n&.I I t)rned '" +ead1 b)t sa8 not+n&G '"
'ot+er and '" sster 8ere slee$n& E)etl". It asto)nded 'e1 for not+n& of
t+e sort e2er +a$$ened to 'e before.9 To 8+c+ I re$led t+at t+ere are 'an"
ne#$lcable t+n&s t+at +a$$en to )s1 b)t 8t+o)t sa"n& an"t+n& of 8+at I
+ad seen t+at 'ornn&. Onl" a "ear later1 8+en I +ad beco'e +er fance1 I
told +er abo)t t+e a$$arton and t+e 8ords of Pallada t+at sa'e da". 6as t
not s+e 8+o +ad co'e to see +er alsoW I s+o)ld add t+at I +ad D)st seen t+e
&rl for t+e frst t'e1 and +ad no dea 8+atsoe2er t+at I 8o)ld 'arr" +er.
7eturn
(;) In October1 *A@>1 I 8as 8t+ '" 8fe and '" t8oC"earCold son1 at t+e
co)ntr" +o)se of '" old frends t+e (trDe8s3s1 at VoroneN+. One e2enn&
abo)t se2en1 on '" 8a" n fro' +)ntn&1 I 8ent nto t+e 8n& n 8+c+ 8e
8ere sta"n& to c+an&e clot+es. I 8as sttn& n a roo' lt b" a lar&e la'$.
T+e door o$ened1 and '" son Ole& ran to '" sde1 ne#t to t+e c+ar.
()ddenl" Pallada a$$eared. I loo3ed E)c3l" at Ole& and sa8 +e dd not
ta3e +s e"es off PalladaG t+en t)rnn& to 'e and $ontn& to +er1 +e sad
%)nt.9 I $)t +' on '" la$ and loo3ed bac3 at Pallada1 b)t s+e 8as &one.
Ole&5s face 8as entrel" tranE)l and +a$$". -e 8as D)st learnn& to tal31
8+c+ e#$lans t+e na'e +e c+ose for +er.
7eturn
I re'e'ber 2er" clearl" t+at on 7)l" *>1 *AA?1 8+le 8e 8ere 2stn& /. E.
/a'c+c+5s $arents1 I +ad a8a3ened at da"brea31 for '" sster and I +ad
decded t+at 8e 8o)ld &o for an earl"C'ornn& 8al3. -a2n& sat )$ n bed1 I
sa8 t+at 'a'a and '" sster 8ere slee$n&1 and at t+at 'o'ent I felt as
t+o)&+ t+ere 8ere so'eone standn& b" t+e +ead of '" bed. -a2n& t)rned
$artl" n t+at drecton (for I 8as afrad to loo3 too closel")1 I sa8 no one. I
la" bac3 do8n1 and ''edatel" +eard1 be+nd and abo2e '" +ead1 a
8o'an5s 2oce sa"n& softl" b)t clearl"J ,o not be afrad of 'e1 I a' &ood
and lo2n&.9 T+ere 8as anot+er co'$lete sentence1 8+c+ I for&ot
''edatel" )$on +earn& t. R&+t after8ards1 I &ot dressed and 8ent for a
8al3. It s stran&e t+at t+ese 8ords dd not fr&+ten 'e at all. 6+en I &ot
bac31 I sad not+n& of t+s to '" 'ot+er or sster1 for t+e" dd not l3e t+at
sort of t+n&1 and dd not bele2e n t. Yet t+at 2er" e2enn&1 t+e
con2ersaton t)rned to s$rt)als'. I told /. /. 8+at +ad +a$$ened to 'e
t+at 'ornn&. -e &a2e onl" a 2a&)e re$l".
7eturn
I +a2e ne2er +ad a +all)cnaton1 before or after t+s ncdent1 8t+ t+e
e#ce$ton of one recent e#$erence n 8+c+ I sa8 '"self. I 8ll s$ea3 of
t+at so'e ot+er t'e.
7eturn
Re$l"n& to "o)r letter of /a" A and to t+e E)estons "o) rase concernn&
t+e ncdent n2ol2n& /. E. /a'c+c+J 6+en1 fro' *A=B to *A==1 8e l2ed
to&et+er n Re21 n Bars3" -o)se1 Proresna"a (treet1 I can tell "o) t+s. I
dd ndeed obser2e /. /. s)ddenl" co'e to a sto$ one e2enn& 8+le
$la"n& a 'elanc+ol" t)ne on t+e $ano (as t+o)&+ after +a2n& str)c3 t+e
3e"board 8t+ force1 +s +ands +ad s)ddenl" lost all stren&t+). 6+en I 8ent
to as3 +' 8+at +ad +a$$ened1 +e re$led t+at +e +ad D)st seen t+e &+ost of
Pallada standn& be+nd t+e dra$er" of t+e door of t+e roo' ne#t to t+e one
t+e $ano 8as n. I s+o)ld add t+at o)r co''on a$art'ent conssted of t+ree
roo's n a ro8 (not co)ntn& t+e central entr"8a")1 and t+at1 as I 8as
8or3n& n '" o8n roo'1 to t+e r&+t of t+e entr"8a"1 I co)ld see t+e entre
ro8 n &ood l&+tn&. ($ea3n& $ersonall"1 I t+en sa8 no +)'an f&)re
'o2n& t+ro)&+ /. /.5s roo's1 b)t I 8ll ad't t+at to cal' +'1 I
atte'$ted to e#$lan t+e ncdent b" sa"n& o)r ser2ant !3ta ')st +a2e
co'e n. It 'a" 8ell be also t+at 8+en 8e dd not fnd +' n o)r
a$art'ent1 8e 8ent do8n to loo3 for +' n t+e 3tc+en. T+at s all I can tell
"o) concernn& t+e ncdent.
7eturn
Translated fro' t+e R)ssan /an)scr$ts of /. and /'e. /a'c+c+ and
/. Potolo2. T+e frst $art of /. /a'c+c+5s 'an)scr$t1 )$ to t+e frst
a$$arton of Pallada1 +as been abrd&ed.
7eturn
I 'et /. /a'c+c+ se2eral t'es1 b)t I 3ne8 not+n& of t+ese constant
a$$artons of Pallada. /. /a'c+c+ +as also seen ot+er f&)res besdes
+ers1 b)t I dd not +a2e t'e to ta3e detaled notes on t+ose.
7eturn
%t Talta1 n 4ebr)ar"1 *AA@1 8e 'et /.P. and +s 8fe 8+le s$endn& an
e2enn& 8t+ frends 8+o 8anted to ntrod)ce )s. %t t+at t'e1 /.P. alread"
+ad a rat+er ad2anced case of t)berc)loss. -e +ad D)st lost +s brot+er to
t+e sa'e llness n (ant Petersb)r&. /" sster 8as as3ed to $la" so'et+n&1
and s+e +a$$ened to c+oose /endelsso+n5s Prel)de. To '" s)r$rse1 I sa8
/.P.1 8+o' 8e +ad D)st 'et t+at e2enn&1 &o o2er to t+e $ano n a state of
+&+ e'oton1 and follo8 '" sster5s $la"n& 8t+ a sort of an#et". 6+en
s+e +ad fns+ed1 +e sad t+at for a fe8 'o'ents1 s+e +ad bro)&+t +s
brot+er bac3 to lfe1 for s+e +ad nter$reted t+e $ece1 8+c+ +e +ad $la"ed
often1 absol)tel" n t+e sa'e 8a" +e dd. E2er snce1 +e &reatl" enDo"ed
tal3n& to +er 8+ene2er +e sa8 +er. T+)s I can testf"1 as s+e can1 to a
con2ersaton 8e +ad at a $art" n /arc+. 6e 8ere s$ea3n& of deat+1 a
re&)lar occ)rrence at Talta1 8+c+ 8as al8a"s f)ll of sc3 $ersons. Yo)
3no819 +e sad to '" sster1 t see's to 'e t+at '" s$rt s 2er" close to
"o)rsG I a' con2nced of +a2n& 3no8n "o) beforeG 8e +a2e real e2dence
t+at t 8as not n t+s 8orld. I ')st +a2e seen "o) n so'e ot+er1 $re2o)s
lfe.9 (-e dabbled n s$rt)als'.) %nd so1 f I de before "o) do1 8+c+ s
E)te l3el" &2en '" llness1 I 8ll co'e bac3 to "o) f I can1 and I 8ll
a$$ear to "o) n s)c+ a 8a" as not to &2e "o) an )n$leasant fr&+t.9 /"
sster re$led n all sero)sness t+at s+e 8o)ld do t+e sa'e for +' f s+e
ded frst1 and I 8as a 8tness to t+er rec$rocal $ro'se.
7eturn
Yet 8e +ardl" &ot to 3no8 eac+ ot+er an" betterG 8e 'et on occason at
frends5 +o'es1 and 8e often sa8 +' 8al3n& on t+e e'ban3'ent n a
l&+tCbro8n coat t+at 8e fo)nd co'c1 and t+at st)c3 n o)r 'nds for so'e
reason. In /a" 8e left Talta1 and t+ereafter 8e +ad so 'an" e#$erences1
and 8e 'et so 'an" $eo$le1 t+at b" t+e follo8n& 8nter 8e +ad co'$letel"
for&otten /.P. and +s 8fe1 8+o 8ere to )s acE)antances of t+e sort one
+as +)ndreds of o2er t+e co)rse of a lfet'e.
7eturn
6e 8ere at (ant Petersb)r& on /onda"1 /arc+ **1 d)rn& Lent n *A@>1
and 8e 8ent to t+e t+eater to see a $la" b" t+e /enn&ner tro)$e. I t+n3 t
8as T+e /erc+ant of Vence. /ade'oselle B. +ad co'e fro' Tsars3o"e
for t+e occason. Once t+e $la" 8as o2er1 8e +ad barel" t'e to &o +o'e
and c+an&e before ta3n& /ade'oselle B. to t+e ral8a" staton. (+e 8as
ta3n& t+e last tran to Tsars3o"e (elo at one n t+e 'ornn&. 6e +ad seen
+er nto +er co'$art'ent1 and left +er onl" after t+e second 8arnn& bell.
7eturn
O)r ser2ant 8ent on a+ead to &et o)r carra&e1 and so 8e fo)nd t 8atn&
for )s 8+en 8e reac+ed t+e ste$s. /" sster &ot n frst. (+e +ad to 8at for
'e1 as I 8as slo8er &on& do8n t+e ste$s. T+e ser2ant 8as +oldn& t+e
carra&e door o$en. I 8as +alf8a" n1 stll on t+e r)nnn& board1 8+en I
s)ddenl" froNe1 so startled t+at I +ad no co'$re+enson of 8+at 8as
+a$$enn&. T+e nsde of t+e carra&e 8as dar31 and "et seated across fro'
'" sster1 loo3n& at +er1 I co)ld see1 n a $ale &re" l&+t t+at loo3ed
artfcal1 a bt br&+ter at t+e $ont '" e"es 8ere dra8n to1 a face. Its
o)tlne 8as 2a&)e1 or trans$arent1 rat+er t+an bl)rred. T+s 2son lasted
onl" an nstant1 and "et I co)ld 'a3e o)t t+e least detals of t+e face1 8+c+
I see'ed to 3no8. Its feat)res 8ere rat+er s+ar$1 t+e +ar 8as $arted sl&+tl"
to one sde1 t+e nose 8as lar&e1 and t+e c+n 8as E)te narro81 8t+ a s$arse
dar3Cblond beard. 6+at str3es 'e1 no8 t+at I t+n3 bac3 on t1 s t+at I
co)ld dstn&)s+ dfferent colors1 des$te t+e fact t+at t+e &re"s+ l&+t1
8+c+ barel" lt t+e stran&er1 8o)ld +a2e been ns)ffcent to allo8 'e to
reco&nNe t+e' )nder nor'al crc)'stances. -e 8as +atless1 b)t +ad on a
coat of t+e t"$e 8orn n t+e (o)t+1 so'e 8+at l&+t n colorl&+t bro8n1
n fact. -s entre $erson bore an ar of &reat fat&)e and e'acaton.
7eturn
T+e ser2ant1 &reatl" astons+ed to see 'e sto$ on t+e r)nnn& board 8t+o)t
&ettn& n1 t+o)&+t I +ad tan&led '" feet n '" dress1 and so +e +el$ed 'e to
'" seat besde '" sster. I started as3n& +er f 8e 8ere n t+e r&+t
carra&e. I 8as so dst)rbed and so conf)sed 'entall" )$on seen& t+s
stran&e 'an sttn& o$$oste +er1 t+at I +ad not realNed t+at f t+ere reall"
+ad been so'ebod" sttn& n t+e facn& seat1 net+er '" sster nor t+e
foot'an 8o)ld +a2e been ta3n& t so cal'l". Once I 8as seated1 I co)ld no
lon&er see an"t+n&. I as3ed '" ssterJ ,dn5t "o) see an"one across fro'
"o)W9 !obod" at all19 s+e re$led 8t+ a la)&+1 and 8+at can +a2e 'ade
"o) as3 8+et+er t+s 8as o)r carra&e1 as "o) 8ere &ettn& nW9 (o I told +er
e2er"t+n&1 &2n& f)ll detals abo)t '" 2son. 6+at fa'lar face19 s+e
as3ed1 and 8+at bro8n coat1 and sdeC$artn&G 8+ere 8o)ld 8e +a2e seen
t+atW !obod" aro)nd +ere 'atc+es "o)r descr$ton.9 %nd so 8e 8ondered
and 8ondered 8t+o)t co'n& )$ 8t+ an ans8er. Once 8e 8ere +o'e1 8e
told o)r 'ot+er abo)t t. /" descr$ton re'nded +er1 too1 of a face of t+at
sort t+at s+e 2a&)el" re'e'bered. T+e ne#t e2enn&1 /arc+ *.1 a "o)n&
acE)antance of o)rs1 /./.(.1 ca'e to 2st. I told +' t+e stor" of 8+at +ad
+a$$ened to )s. 6e tal3ed abo)t t at len&t+1 b)t to no a2al. I co)ld stll not
$)t a na'e to t+e $ersonalt" n '" 2son1 8+le dstnctl" re'e'bern&
+a2n& seen s)c+ a face a'on& '" 'an" acE)antances. B)t 8+ere and
8+enW I co)ld not recall. /" 'e'or" s fa)lt" at best1 and often fals 'e.
(e2eral da"s later1 8e 8ere 2stn& /./.(.5s &rand'ot+er. ,o "o) 3no819
s+e sad1 8+at sad ne8s +as co'e to 'e fro' TaltaW /.P. +as dedG I
+a2en5t +ad an" detals.9 /" sster and I loo3ed at eac+ ot+er. 6+en 8e
+eard t+e na'e1 t+e s+ar$ feat)res and t+e bro8n coat 8ere re)nted 8t+
t+er o8ner. /" sster reco&nNed +' at t+e sa'e t'e I dd1 t+an3s to t+e
$recse descr$ton I +ad &2en. 6+en /./.(. ca'e n1 I as3ed +' to loo3
n t+e old ne8s$a$ers for t+e e#act date of deat+. ,ecease 8as recorded on
/arc+ *<1 t+)s t8o da"s after t+e 2son I +ad +ad. I 8rote to Talta for
detals. T+e re$l" told 'e t+at +e +ad been bedrdden fro' !o2e'ber .<
on1 and t+at +e +ad been e#tre'el" 8ea3 after t+at1 b)t +ad not s)ffered
fro' slee$lessness. -e sle$t so lon& and so dee$l"1 e2en d)rn& +s last
n&+ts of lfe1 t+at '$ro2e'ent 8as +o$ed for as a res)lt. 6e 8ere
s)r$rsed t+at I +ad seen /.P.1 des$te t+e fact t+at +e +ad $ro'sed to co'e
to '" sster. B)t I s+o)ld add +ere t+at before t+e e2ent I +a2e descrbed1 I
+ad e#$erenced clar2o"ance a certan n)'ber of t'es. T+s 2son1
+o8e2er1 8as '" 2er" clearest1 do8n to t+e s'allest detal1 ncl)dn& t+e
2aro)s colorn&s of t+e +)'an face1 and e2en of clot+n&.
7eturn
6+te X)een Blanc+e1 l3e a E)een of lles1
6t+ a 2oce l3e an" 'er'aden1
Bert+a Broadfoot1 Beatrce1 %lce1
%nd Er'en&arde t+e lad" of /ane1
%nd t+at &ood 7oan 8+o' En&ls+'en
%t Ro)en doo'ed and b)rned +er t+ere1
/ot+er of God1 8+ere are t+e" t+enW
B)t 8+ere are t+e sno8s of "esterC"earW
4ranpos Vllon1 Ballade (des da'es de te'$s Dads)9
LTranslaton b" ,ante Gabrel RossettM
7eturn
'n)tes
7eturn
Re+abltaton Proceedn&s Lof 7oan of %rcM
7eturn
G)de to ,os'etrc /edcne L.e. $+ar'acolo&"M
7eturn
4ro' Inda to t+e Planet /arsJ % CaseC(t)d" n (o'na'b)ls'
%cco'$aned b" Glossolala.
7eturn
b)sness concern
7eturn
Boo3 of t+e ($rts
7eturn
One of t+e frst 8ords 8e &ot1 'Utc+e19 'eann& 'ster19 rea$$ears later
8t+ t+e 'eann& of 'an.9
7eturn
I co)ld e2en sa" t+at t s t+s sa'e rea8a3enn& t+at alone allo8ed 'e to
correct t+e lnes t+at t+at lttle ad2ent)re1 fro' so lon& a&o1 led 'e to
co''t L8rteM1 and to '$ro2e1 t+an3s to t+e e#$erence I +a2e &aned of
'" art1 t+e e#$resson of '" for'er feeln&s
7eturn
T+e sa'e e2ent rec)rred Llterall" re$rod)ced tself9M1 brn&n& no less
s)ffern&1 ass)redl"1 t+an t+e frst t'e1 and 8+c+ bro)&+t tears to '" e"es.
7eturn
dalect
7eturn
selfC$rocla'ed
7eturn
$ars+ $rest
7eturn
brt+ certfcates
7eturn
selfC$rocla'ed
7eturn
% 2ase s bro3en%t "o)r +o)se% 2ase of $+enc acd%t A o5cloc3.
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
2ysteries o$ the $uture i$e unveied
7eturn
%bo)t t+e ,ae'on of (ocrates
7eturn
Boo3 of t+e ($rts
7eturn
Boo3 of /ed)'s
7eturn
Ps"c+olo&" of t+e 4eeln&s
7eturn
T+e s$rt 8orld s not closed
7eturn
8orldC8earness
7eturn
t+e s$rt 8orld s not closed
7eturn
8orldC8earness
7eturn
salon
7eturn
!e)roses and Obsessons
7eturn
obsesson
7eturn
(t)des of -"stera
7eturn
s"ste'c e'otonal state
7eturn
!e)roses and Obsessons
7eturn
/e'or" %)to'ats'
7eturn
dee$ +"stera
7eturn
t+e )nconsco)s self
7eturn
I5' scared
7eturn
-"$nots'1 ,o)ble Conscence
7eturn
lt. +"stercal nalG a $an co'$ared to a nal ben& dr2en nto t+e +ead
7eturn
On /ental ()&&eston
7eturn
)nr)l" $ersons
7eturn
&reatl" astons+ed
7eturn
/onse)r -a&&ard1 '" En&ls+ collea&)e1 +as +ad one t+at s E)te
re'ar3able fro' t+e $s"c+olo&cal $ont of 2e8 . . . . Please acce$t
e2er"t+n& /onse)r -a&&ard +as 8rtten to "o) as ben& $erfectl" tr)e1 and
assert t+s n '" na'e f "o) t+n3 t necessar". Yo)rs 'ost sncerel"1
7eturn
4ebr)ar"
7eturn
/" ,ear 4rend1
7eturn
It s no effort at all to recall to '" 'e'or" t+e e2ent of 8+c+ "o) s$ea31
for I +a2e retaned a 2er" clear and $recse 'e'or" of t.
7eturn
I re'e'ber $erfectl" t+at on ()nda"1 %$rl <1 *AA>1 +a2n& arr2ed fro'
Pars t+at 'ornn& to s$end a fe8 da"s +ere1 I 8ent to l)nc+ 8t+ "o). I also
re'e'ber $erfectl" t+at I fo)nd "o) &reatl" dst)rbed b" t+e $anf)l ne8s
t+at +ad reac+ed "o) a fe8 da"s before1 t+e ne8s of t+e deat+ of one of "o)r
brot+ers. I also re'e'ber as t+o)&+ t 8ere "esterda"1 so str3n& t 8as1
t+at a fe8 da"s before learnn& t+at sad ne8s1 "o) +ad seen "o)r brot+er
2er" dstnctl" after "o) +ad &one to bed1 or bele2ed "o) +ad seen +'. I
'ean t+e brot+er 8+ose s)dden deat+ "o) +eard abo)t. -e 8as b" "o)r bed1
and1 con2nced t+at t 8as ndeed +' "o) 8ere seen&1 "o) +ad &otten o)t
of bed and s$o3en to +'. %t t+at 'o'ent "o) lost s&+t of +'1 as t+o)&+
+e +ad 2ans+ed l3e a s$ecter. I re'e'ber1 as 8ell1 t+at )nder t+e nfl)ence
of t+e E)te nat)ral e'oton ca)sed b" t+s e2ent1 "o) +ad 8rtten t do8n n
a s'all noteboo3 8+eren "o) +abt)all" 8rote abo)t t+e 'aDor e2ents n
"o)r 2er" $eacef)l e#stence. Yo) s+o8ed 'e t+e noteboo3. T+s
a$$arton1 or 2son1 or drea'1 as "o) $refer1 s entered )nder t+e date of
4ebr)ar" .< or .?1 f I re'e'ber correctl"1 and "o) rece2ed notfcaton of
"o)r brot+er5s deat+ onl" t8o or t+ree da"s after8ard.
7eturn
I 8as +ardl" s)r$rsed b" 8+at "o) told 'e t+en1 and '" recollecton s all
t+e 'ore clear and $recse1 as I 'entoned at t+e o)tset1 beca)se t+ere +a2e
been s'lar e2ents n '" fa'l"1 and I bele2e n t+e' absol)tel".
7eturn
a fe8 da"s before
7eturn
T+e I'$ortance of !arcotc ()bstances n -"$nots'
7eturn
Cata$le#" and %n'al -"$nots'
7eturn
(oCcalled %n'al -"$noss
7eturn
/es'erc 'et+ods
7eturn
Obser2atons on Practcal /edcne
7eturn
On +"$notc s)&&eston
7eturn
()&&eston T+era$" n Cases of %bnor'al /anfestatons of (e#)al Identt"
7eturn
On -"$notc ()&&eston and Its :ses n Peda&o&"
7eturn
-"$nots' and /oral Ort+o$edcs
7eturn
!e)roses and Obsessons
7eturn
!e)roses and Obsessons
7eturn
T+e t+eft ta3es $lace n a sort of altered state n2ol2n& a'nesa. It 8o)ld
see' t+at t+e dea of t+e t+eft1 a8a3ened b" t+e s&+t of so'e obDect1
$rod)ces an e'oton1 a s+oc3 8+c+ ann+lates t+e re'ander of
consco)sness1 and t+at t+e dea de2elo$s n solaton n a d'ns+ed
consco)sness.
7eturn
!e)roses and Obsessons
7eturn
brea3fast rolls
7eturn
s+e s)ffered t+e tort)res of Tantal)s
7eturn
coffee+o)se
7eturn
forbdden brea3fast rolls
7eturn
-"$nots' and Its Practcal %$$lcatons n /edcne
7eturn
()ccesses n T+era$e)tc -"$noss n Co)ntr" Practce
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(o'e T+era$e)tcal E#$er'ents 8t+ -"$nots' on t+e Insane
7eturn
!e)roses and Obsessons
7eturn
obsesson
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obsesson
7eturn
$+obas of ne)rast+ena
7eturn
essental $+obas
7eturn
$+obas of ne)rast+ena
7eturn
-"$nots'G s)&&estonG Ps"c+ot+era$"
7eturn
Ps"c+c Treat'ent of !e)rast+ena
7eturn
-"$nots' and Its Practcal %$$lcatons n /edcne
7eturn
()ccesses n T+era$e)tc -"$noss n Co)ntr" Practce
7eturn
obsess2e do)bt
7eturn
obsesson abo)t to)c+n&
7eturn
obsess2e do)bt
7eturn
obsesson abo)t to)c+n&
7eturn
obsesson abo)t to)c+n&
7eturn
facal ne)ral&a
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lect)rer
7eturn
c+ldbrt+
7eturn
On %ltered (tates
7eturn
a sort of $ass2e state
7eturn
Ind)ced (lee$8al3n&
7eturn
)nconsco)s s')laton
7eturn
t s too lar&e
7eturn
or&ans 8t+ 'ore t+an one f)ncton
7eturn
(t)des on /an n a (o'na'b)lstc (tate
7eturn
Obser2atons on Practcal /edcne
7eturn
On /a&nets' L/es'ers'M n 4rance
7eturn
cons)ltn& roo'
7eturn
I +a2e a fne case of clar2o"ance t+at I 8s+ to relate n detal.
7eturn
Yo) 'a" not 3no8 t+at '" fat+erCnCla81 /r. 4. %.1 8as rat+er sero)sl" ll
fro' %)&)st1 *AA= on8ards. (T+s s t+e 'an I 'entoned n Proceedn&s
(.P.R. ?J*.B1 no. <>.) -s state &re8 8orse )ntl 7an)ar"1 *AAA. %t t+at t'e
(7an)ar" and 4ebr)ar"1 *AAA)1 I E)estoned %lce se2eral t'es abo)t /r. 4.
%.5s +ealt+. I 8ll ad't t+at I t+o)&+t /r. 4. %. 8as absol)tel" doo'ed.
One da" n $artc)lar1 n 4ebr)ar"1 *AAA1 I as3ed %lce abo)t +'1 and s+e
ans8eredJ ,on5t be 8orred.9 %s for '"self1 I bele2ed /r. %. co)ld not
last 'ore t+an anot+er 8ee3.
7eturn
In fact1 des$te 8+at I and t+e doctors all t+o)&+t1 +e +as nearl" reco2ered.
L M T+o)&+ +e s elderl" (=B "ears of a&e)1 +as lost a lot of 8e&+t1 and
re'ans 8ea31 snce 4ebr)ar"1 *AAA (be&nnn& abo)t t+e nnt+)1 +e +as
&otten no 8orse
7eturn
(e2eral t'es ($er+a$s t+ree or fo)r) I as3ed %lce to tell 'e abo)t +'. (+e
sad ,on5t 8orr"G I 8ll tell "o) abo)t +'.9
7eturn
T8o da"s a&o1 T+)rsda"1 /arc+ =1 at one P./.1 as soon as I +ad $)t %lce
)nder1 s+e told 'e (n t+ese e#act 8ords1 8+c+ I a' co$"n& fro' t+e notes
I 'ade)J I 8as n a +)rr" to see "o). I 8anted to see "o) "esterda" to tell
"o) abo)t /. %. Et+er +e s 8orse1 or +e s &on& to +a2e an attac3J fe2er1
declne1 fat&)e. 6+at a +ard t'eZ -e s 8orseG +e s 2er" 8ea3. ,on5t
e#$ect an"t+n& fro' t+s attac3. (T+at 'eans t 8ll not end n deat+.) -e
8ll not be able to 'o2e at all. T+e $an s 'ostl" n t+e lo8er bac31 on t+e
left sde1 and 2er" ac)te. T+s 8ll not be t+e last of t+ese crses. -e 8ll $)ll
t+ro)&+ a&an. It 8ll +a$$en soon1 n t8o or t+ree da"s. It 8ll be 'ore
ac)te t+an an" +e +as +ad n a "ear. T+e t'e s co'n&. -e 8ll s)ffer less
to8ard t+e end. -e 8ll de 8+en "o) don5t e#$ect t1 and not d)rn& an
attac3. -e 8ll not be able to eatG t+e" 8ll 'osten +s l$s. -e 8as afrad of
d"n&1 b)t no8 t+at +as c+an&ed &reatl"1 and +e s relat2el" ndfferent.9
7eturn
T+at s 8+at %lce told 'e at one o5cloc3 on T+)rsda". T+at sa'e e2enn&1
8+en I &ot +o'e1 I fo)nd '" 8fe 2er" a&tated1 and s+e told 'e t+at n t+e
n&+t of 6ednesda" to T+)rsda"1 abo)t one n t+e 'ornn&L M It s clear1
and e2en absol)tel" certan1 t+at %lce cannot +a2e 3no8n t+s. I '"self 8as
entrel" &norant of t at one P./.
7eturn
It s essental to re'e'ber t+at n t+e $recedn& t+rteen 'ont+s1 /r. %. +ad
ne2er +ad so sero)s an attac31 ca)sn& s)c+ s)ffern&1 as on 6ednesda"
n&+t.
7eturn
T+at s be"ond o)r 'a&naton.
7eturn
et+er fra)d1 or a 'racle
7eturn
Lo)se Latea) de Bos d5-aneJ -er Lfe1 Ecstatc (tates1 and (t&'ata
7eturn
C+rstan /"stcs'
7eturn
,2ne1 !at)ral1 and ,abolcal /"stcs'
7eturn
One da" I sad to Rose1 8+o s)ffered fro' +"sterc sto'ac+ cra'$s1 t+at I
8as $)ttn& a ')stard $laster on t+e affected $art of +er bod" n order to
c)re +er. I obser2ed1 a fe8 +o)rs later1 a s8ollen1 dar3 red 'ar3 n t+e s+a$e
of an elon&ated rectan&le. T+e stran&e t+n& abo)t t+s 'ar3 8as t+at none
of ts corners for'ed a r&+t an&leJ t+e" a$$eared to +a2e been c)t off
cleanl". I $onted o)t t+at +er $o)ltce +ad a stran&e s+a$e. T+en "o) ')st
not 3no819 s+e re$led1 t+at t+e corners of R&ollot $a$ers are al8a"s c)t
off1 to 3ee$ t+e' fro' +)rtn& t+e $atent.9 % $reconce2ed dea of t+e
s+a$e of t+e ')stard $laster +ad deter'ned t+e sNe and s+a$e of t+e red
'ar3.
7eturn
%not+er t'e (for ')stard $lasters of t+s t"$e easl" rele2ed +er cra'$s
and $ans) I tred to s)&&est to +er t+at I 8as c)ttn& o)t a $laster n t+e for'
of a s#C$onted star. T+e red 'ar3 e#+bted e#actl" t+e for' I +ad referred
to. 4or LUone1 I s)&&ested an (Cs+a$ed $laster for t+e left sde of t+e c+est1
to c)re an ast+'a of ner2o)s or&n. /" s)&&eston c)red t+e $atent
$erfectl"1 and t left a lar&e1 2er" clear ( on +er c+est.
7eturn
E#$er'ental Researc+es
7eturn
Obser2atons on Practcal /edcne
7eturn
-"stercal E$le$s" n /enJ ()&&eston1 In+bton1 Trans$oston of t+e
(enses
7eturn
n&Un)e lead
7eturn
n $s"c+c ra$$ort
7eturn
On (lee$ and %nalo&o)s (tates
7eturn
-"$notc ()&&eston n ts Relatons 8t+ C2l and Cr'nal La8
7eturn
On t+e Relatons+$ of -"$notc ()&&eston and (lee$8al3n& to
7)rs$r)dence and 4orensc /edcne
7eturn
T+e tr)e 'edcal '$ortance of +"$notc s)&&eston
7eturn
-"$nots' and ('lar (tates fro' a /edcal and Le&al Pont of Ve8
7eturn
-"$nots' and Its I'$ortance n C2l La8
7eturn
4ro' no8 on19 +e sa"s1 o)r o$non s settledJ 8t+ no rs3 of error1 8e
affr' t+at +"$nots' can be of )se n t+e treat'ent of 'ental llnesses.9
7eturn
-stor" of a Case of -"stera 8t+ (t&'ata
7eturn
Practcal -andboo3 of %n'al /a&nets'
7eturn
re'ote +"$noss
7eturn
re'ote +"$noss
7eturn
re'ote +"$noss
7eturn
as t+o)&+ dead
7eturn
Ps"c+olo&" of -"$notc ()&&eston
7eturn
to renforce t+e s)&&eston
7eturn
n $s"c+c ra$$ort
7eturn
n $s"c+c ra$$ort
7eturn
Ps"c+c Ra$$ort n -"$nots'
7eturn
n $s"c+c ra$$ort
7eturn
n $s"c+c ra$$ort
7eturn
n $s"c+c ra$$ort
7eturn
T+e %$$artons of Lo)rdesJ Personal Recollectons of a 6tness
7eturn
T+e Lo8er L:ns$ecalNedM (enses n Insects
7eturn
T+ese detals concernn& no)rs+'ent1 t+e dr"ness of t+e l$s1 and &ro8n&
ndfference to8ard deat+1 are totall" acc)rate.
7eturn
-stor" of a Case of -"stera 8t+ (t&'ata
7eturn
lon&Cter'
7eturn
Ind)ced (lee$8al3n&
7eturn
d)e date
7eturn
On (lee$1 ,rea's1 and (lee$ 6al3n&
7eturn
On In2ol)ntar" 6+s$ern&
7eturn
'rrorC8rtn&
7eturn
Re2e8 of Ps"c+c (t)des
7eturn
In2est&aton of Color -earn& Ls"nest+esaM
7eturn
color tastn& Ls"nest+esaM
7eturn
T+e Ps"c+olo&" of t+e Reasonn& Process
7eturn
T+e ,o)ble (elf
7eturn
On t+e Perce$ton of 4ra)d
7eturn
CrtE)e of Tele$at+c E2dence
7eturn
Bascs of P+"solo&cal Ps"c+olo&"
7eturn
Crtcal and Clncal Re$orts n t+e 4eld of -all)cnatons
7eturn
(o'eone5s t+ere
7eturn
(o'eone5s t+ere
7eturn
t+e +o)r of t+e dead
7eturn
T+e 'anZ
7eturn
tral record
7eturn
tral record
7eturn
8t+o)t +ndrance
7eturn
tral record
7eturn
,a)&+ter of God1 &o1 &o1 &o1 I 8ll be t+ere to +el$ "o)1 &oZ
7eturn
&ood &)dance LT+e reference s to a $re'onton of 7oan of %rc5s. ,)rn&
t+e ca'$a&n of Orleans1 +er 'en as3ed +er +o8 t+e" 8ere to fnd t+e
ene'" n order to en&a&e t+e'. 7oan re$led rde boldl" onG 8e s+all +a2e
&ood &)dance.9 % sta& s)ddenl" a$$eared and led t+e ar'" to t+e Battle of
Pata" (,U$arte'ent d) Loret). T+e edton Lan& ctes s X)c+erat5s (*A<*K
<@).M
7eturn
selfC$rocla'ed
7eturn
eternal fe'nne
7eturn
Ir3to'ar doesn5t +a2e t+e t'e to flatter "o) L4renc+ 8t+ t8o Occtan
s$elln&sM
7eturn
C+arle'a&ne t+e &reat1 o)r e'$eror1 +as been n ($an for se2en f)ll "ears.
7eturn
T+e" s+all ne2er a&an see t+er 'ot+ers or t+er 82es1 !or t+e 'en of
4rance1 8+o are 8atn& at t+e $ass.
7eturn
I +a2e been n "o)r ser2ce for a lon& t'e
7eturn
T+e da" ends and e2enn& co'es on
7eturn
f&+tn&
7eturn
selfC$rocla'ed
7eturn
($rt)als'J :n)s)al 4acts
7eturn
Re2e8 of Ps"c+c (t)des
7eturn
selfC$rocla'ed
7eturn
Concernn& ($rt)alst P+eno'enaJ % Letter to t+e -onorable Co)nt
TerenNo /a'an
7eturn
fare8ell
7eturn
n $s"c+c ra$$ort
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
for'er
7eturn
'n)tes
7eturn
'n)tes
7eturn
'n)tes
7eturn
'n)tes
7eturn
'n)tes
7eturn
'n)tes
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
Ps"c+cal (t)des
7eturn
Tral record
7eturn
T+e" s+all ne2er a&an see t+er fat+ers or t+er fa'l"1 !or C+arle'a&ne1
8+o s 8atn& at t+e $ass.
7eturn
:rban Grander and t+e Lo)d)n Possesson Cases
7eturn
re'ote +"$noss
7eturn
s)fferer5s
7eturn
(Uance Tables
7eturn
(Uance Tables1 consdered n t+e l&+t of t+e assocated $roble' n &eneral
$+"scs
7eturn
,escr$ton of t+e Lfe and C+aracter of I''an)el Rant
7eturn
T+e Pro$+etess of Pre2orstJ Re2elatons concernn& t+e Inner Lfe of
/an3nd and t+e Penetraton of a ($rt 6orld nto o)r O8n
7eturn
(3etc+eslRe$orts fro' Pre2orst
7eturn
2ysteries o$ the $uture i$e unveied
7eturn
so ')c+ so t+at I bele2ed I 8as seen& t (+') '"self1 t+at str3n& 8as t+e
scene. Ver" soon t+e (t+s) a$$arton fled1 s)$rsn& (fr&+tenn&) t+e
so'nab)lstG a sn&le 8ord +ad ca)sed t+s s)dden dsa$$earance1 and '"
astons+'ent 8as bro)&+t t+ereb" to ts +e&+t1 for t+e sa'e 8ord al8a"s
nf)rated +'.
7eturn
nde$endent t+n3er (n t+s case1 ,e2l5s ad2ocate)
7eturn
selfC$rocla'ed
7eturn
reals'
7eturn
Re2e8 of Ps"c+c (t)des
7eturn
brt+s
7eturn
obsessons
7eturn
occ)$atonal $+obas
7eturn
dela"ed acton
7eturn
obsesson abo)t to)c+n&
7eturn
obsesson
7eturn
T+e /ental (tate of -"stercs
7eturn
obsess2e do)bt
7eturn
obsessons
7eturn
obsessons
7eturn
)neasness
7eturn
obsessons
7eturn
I +a2e dared not+n& e#ce$t to sl&+t e'$t" t+n&s
7eturn
at frst s&+t
7eturn
6e do not and s+all not 3no8
7eturn
of ts o8n t"$e
7eturn
(een& clearl"1 alt+o)&+ 'o2n& +s e"es n t+e dar3 L%esc+"l)s1
C+oe$+oroe .A?M
7eturn
of ts o8n t"$e
7eturn
selfCconsco)sness
7eturn
of ts o8n t"$e
7eturn
of ts o8n t"$e
7eturn
+ealn& $o8er
7eturn
+ealn& $o8er
7eturn
-e too3 t+e 8and1 8t+ 8+c+ +e c+ar's t+e e"es of 'en1 8+o'e2er +e
c+ooses1 and stra&+ta8a" +e ro)ses t+e' fro' slee$. L-o'er1 Ilad .<.;<;K
<<M
7eturn
fro' t+e be&nnn&
7eturn
fro' t+e be&nnn&
7eturn
accordn& to t+e +"$ot+ess
7eturn
accordn& to t+e +"$ot+ess
7eturn
accordn& to t+e +"$ot+ess
7eturn
T+e &reater &od acts1 and sends L"o)M bac3 nto &reater deeds. L%en. *..<.@M
7eturn
to +ear tr)e 2oces and to ans8er L%en. *.<>@M
7eturn
tr)e ca)ses
7eturn
desre for a )n2ersal 8orld
7eturn
desre for a )n2ersal 8orld
7eturn
,eat+ s as 'an" t+n&s as 8e see 8+en a8a3e1 slee$ s as 'an" t+n&s as
8e see 8+en aslee$.
7eturn
8t+ t+e na'e c+an&ed
7eturn
%nd t+en1 o)t of t+e drea'1 lo1 a 2son
7eturn
co'$lete1 $ols+ed1 and ro)nded off L-or. (at. ..=.A<M
7eturn
!at)re t+e $+"scan
7eturn
4rst to eac+ seed a fer" force s &2enG %nd e2er" creat)re 8as be&ot n
+ea2enG Onl" t+er fl&+t ')st +atef)l fles+ dela" %nd &ross l'bs 'orb)nd
and c)'bern& cla". L%en. B.=;>C;. (/"ers trans.)M
7eturn
b" t+at fact tself
7eturn
n an enclos)re of s+ado8s and a blnd $rson L,e'ocrt)s 7r.1 %nato'" of
/elanc+ol"M
7eturn
of ar and of s'$le fre
7eturn
s+arn& of d2ne and +)'an nat)res
7eturn
as a bo" $la"ed at &reat deeds
7eturn
T+ere t lesZ
7eturn
B)t all b" a +a$$" fate $ass o2er to a deat+ t+at s free fro' tol.9 %nd t+e
bod" of all 'en follo8s o2er$o8ern& deat+1 b)t a l2n& 'a&e of lfe stll
re'ansJ for t+s alone s fro' t+e &ods. T+s slee$s 8+le t+e l'bs are stll
act2e1 b)t n 'an" drea's t s+o8s to t+e slee$er t+e a$$roac+n& c+oce
bet8een $leasant and dffc)lt t+n&s. LPl)tarc+1 Consolato ad %$ollon)'M
7eturn
ncdental re'ar3s
7eturn
a terrfed st)$or
7eturn
a terrfed st)$or
7eturn
central $orton of t+e retna1 8+ere 2son s s+ar$est
7eturn
t+e so)rce of e2l
7eturn
a bond or D)ncton
7eturn
t+e s'allest 2sble t+n&
7eturn
t+e s'allest 2sble t+n&
7eturn
t+e s'allest 2sble t+n&
7eturn
T+e 'nd sees and t+e 'nd +earsG ot+er t+n&s are d)ll and blnd.
LE$c+ar')sM
7eturn
f "o) sa"1 I a' b)rnn& +ot19 +e s8eats L7)2enalM
7eturn
tr)e ca)se
7eturn
tr)e ca)se
7eturn
tr)e ca)se
7eturn
tr)e ca)se
7eturn
T+e corr)$ton of t+e best s 8orst
7eturn
+ealn& $o8er of !at)re
7eturn
+ealn& $o8er of !at)re
7eturn
4or no8 8e see t+ro)&+ a 'rror1 d'l". LI Cor. *;J*.M
7eturn
frst 2nta&e
7eturn
best s$ols or tro$+es
7eturn
a'on& ot+er t+n&s
7eturn
a'on& ot+er t+n&s
7eturn
a&e
7eturn
to ('") e"es
7eturn
selfC8lled slee$
7eturn
bedC8ettn&
7eturn
$)st)lar nfla''aton of t+e c+n follcles
7eturn
b" t+e deed tself
7eturn
$ont fro' 8+c+
7eturn
$ont fro' 8+c+
7eturn
abo2e or belo8 &ra''ar
7eturn
Rn&l" I'a&e
7eturn
fro' t+e e&& Lbe&nnn&M
7eturn
It s not "et eas" to cross f)rt+er o2er t+e naccessble sea be"ond t+e $llars
of -era3les. -eart1 to8ard 8+at fore&n $ro'ontor" do "o) d2ert '"
saln&W L!e'ean ;..>C.*1 .BC.=M
7eturn
I bele2e beca)se t s )n$ro2ed
7eturn
I bele2e beca)se t s rratonal
7eturn
at t+e o)tset
7eturn
T+s terror t+en1 t+s dar3ness of t+e 'nd1 !ot s)nrse 8t+ ts flarn&
s$o3es of l&+t1 !or &lttern& arro8s of 'ornn& can ds$erse1 B)t onl"
nat)re5s as$ect and +er la8. LL)cret)s1 ,e Rer)' !at)ra1 ..?@CB* (Leonard
trans.)M
7eturn
!o lon&er s+o)ld "o) onl" breat+e to&et+er 8t+ t+e enco'$assn& ar1 b)t
ndeed "o) s+o)ld alread" t+n3 to&et+er 8t+ t+e allCenco'$assn&
ntell&ence. L/edtatons A.?<.*M
7eturn
dr2e1 effort
7eturn
ntrc acd
7eturn
dr2e1 effort
7eturn
lttle &od Ldae'onM
7eturn
fro' o)tsde
7eturn
restoraton to a $re2o)s state of +ealt+
7eturn
be&&n& t+e E)eston Lass)'n& t+e conseE)entM
7eturn
+e +'self sad t
7eturn
,o8n to8ardslonlto8ards
7eturn
On t+e eart+
7eturn
:nder t+e eart+
7eturn
bet8een t+e l2n&
7eturn
Lterall" abo2elbe"ond t+e $llars of -era3les.9
7eturn
-e conE)ered a dffc)lt $at+ t+ro)&+ de2oton L%en. B.BAAM
7eturn
$rnc$all"
7eturn
nertal resstance
7eturn
-e loo3ed a'aNn&l" l3e +'self. L-o'er1 Ilad .;.*>=M
7eturn
L-o'er1 Od"sse" **.AACA@M
7eturn
and t+e dn of &reed" %c+eron Lt+e r2er of -ades1 or -ades tselfM
LGeor&cs ..<@.M
7eturn
a clear s$ace nsde and o)tsde t+e 8alls of a to8n
7eturn
n t+e )$$er reac+es of $+loso$+"
7eturn
to t+e ct" Lof Ro'eM and to t+e 8orld
7eturn
-e conE)ered a dffc)lt $at+ t+ro)&+ de2oton L%en. B.BAAM
7eturn
(o'e 8o'an see'ed to 'e to be co'n& to8ard 'e1 bea)tf)l and s+a$el"1
8earn& a 8+te robeG s+e called 'e and sad1 O (ocrates1 on t+e t+rd da"
"o) 8ll arr2e n fertle P+t+a.9 LPlato1 Crto <<b*M
7eturn
()c+ stll1 s)c+ a&es 8ea2e "e1 as "e r)n19
san& to t+er s$ndles t+e consentn& 4ates
b" ,estn"5s )nalterable decree. LVer&l1 Eclo&)e <1 l. <BK<=1 trans. 7. B.
Greeno)&+M
7eturn
%'on& beasts1 a'on& 'ortals1 a'on& t+e &ods abo2e L(o$+ocles1 4ra&'ent
@<*.*.M
7eturn
6+oe2er &oes beneat+ t+e +ollo8 eart+ +a2n& seen t+ese t+n&s s blessedJ
t+at 'an 3no8s t+e end of lfe1 and +e 3no8s t+e Ve)sC&2en be&nnn&.
LPndar1 4ra&'ent *;=M
7eturn
desre to de$art
7eturn
of ar and of s'$le fre Ls+o)ld be &ns9M
7eturn
4or -e3tor alone &)arded Il)' L-o'er1 Ilad B.<>;M
7eturn
Ver&l1 %ened ...BAG 'eta$+orcall" e#$laned and $ara$+rased n
$recedn& te#t.
7eturn
t+e test 8+et+er a c+)rc+ s standn& or falln& LL)t+erM
7eturn
t+e test 8+et+er God s standn& or falln&
7eturn
al8a"s1 e2er"8+ere1 and b" e2er"one
7eturn
6e do not and s+all not 3no8
7eturn
t+e so)ls of babes cr"n& on t+e t+res+old L%en. B.<.=M
7eturn
no1 8ere '" o8n -ector +'self no8 $resent L%en. ..?..M
7eturn
to establs+ t+e +)'an race
7eturn
6+"1 ,a$+ns1 )$8ard &aNn&1 do "o) 'ar3 t+e ancent rsn&s of t+e
(&nsW LEclo&)es1 @.<B (trans. Greeno)&+)M
7eturn
s+e 8as 8onderf)ll" +a$$" and rased +er e"es to +ea2en
7eturn
b" a fc3le 'oon1 )nder a 'al&nant 'oon L%en. B..=>M
7eturn
f "o) sa"1 I a' b)rnn& +ot19 +e s8eats L7)2enalM
7eturn
nest
7eturn
6e arel8e e#st n act)alt"l8t+ act2t"
7eturn
t+ro)&+ t+e eart+l" to'bs
7eturn
b)NNn& n a 2ac))'
7eturn
as '"selfG re$resentn& '"self
7eturn
t+e" 3no8 t+er o8n s)n and stars L%en. B.B<*M
7eturn
all lfe s fro' t+e e&&
7eturn
8+c+ no8 en2elo$s t+e 'ortal &aNe and d's s&+t L%en. ..B><C?M
7eturn
El$enor1 +o8 +a2e "o) co'e to t+e ')r3" )nder8orldW Yo)1 &on& on foot1
+a2e arr2ed earler t+an I n '" blac3 s+$.
7eturn
at len&t+
7eturn
at len&t+
7eturn
%not+er 'an1 strc3en b" e2l and se2ere dsease1 s ''edatel" 'ade 8ell
b" t+e to)c+ of a doctor5s +ands. L(olon1 fr. *;1 l. B*KB.M
7eturn
8e s+)dder to relate L$ara$+rase of %en. ...><M
7eturn
8e cannot La $lea of nablt" or ref)salM
7eturn
nat)ral scentst
7eturn
accordn& to t+e +"$ot+ess
7eturn
'a&e1 $+anto'
7eturn

1
I h h
h
hh beyond what usually happens
beyond, h , h
h . I h
h abnormal. h
h
hh contravenes ,
hh h h
.
h I , hh overrides
, I h
h , hh h
h hh, h
, h
. hiher h h
h I ,

.
7eturn
1
h savants -h
-h
h h
h h; h h
h h
. I h h
h
-h G, |h ,
|h, &., h h
h hh h h
.
7eturn
1
Th Ph h
1882, P . F.
. H
P, E
G H -h
I | H
L C, h h
.
7eturn
2
F h !lossary.
7eturn
1
, , "roceedins h
Ph h hh
h h "roceedins
.P.., . . . 256, |. 1887.
7eturn
2
"roceedins .P.., . .
. 317 325,
U C, M. . H.
P, H U. M. P
1 h h hh

h h, hh

h . h
h h , h ,
h
h hh,
h h
. 2
Th

. h h
, h h h
- h
, h h
h h
h
.
Fh, h , e#
hypothesi, ,-
h h
h h h h hh ,
h h ;
h h ,
h h
h h
.
3 h h
- . Th
- h
--
-
h . h h
h h
h
, hh h h
h -. I
h
h
, h h
h
h . h
-
h
.
I h, M. P op. cit. . 325
332 h h h
h
h h . Th
h, h
h- , h
h h--h;
h h h
h h. Th h
substituted h ,
. Th

h ,
h h
h . F h
h
h h.
, h -
-h h h
hh h
. h
h
, h h
h h . Th
h | , ,
h h hh h
, ,
h h h
h . H , , ;
h , |, . H

h
h hh
|h| . M, h -h
| h h
| ,
,
. I
h h
.
h h h
h h
h . h
; h

,
7eturn
1
I h
h h h
h h
h hh
, h
hh h
. $ield o$ view
h threshold,
intra%marinal
e#tra%marinal.
Th , ,
,- h
hh
h, .
, , ,
h empirical h
h, h survivin h
h h h. |
h h
;

h
.
7eturn
1
Th
, h h, h
h
hh ,
.
7eturn
1
F ,
, Th U
H h F D, D.
, 1894.
7eturn
1
H' F, &merican
'ournal o$ "sycholoy, . ., N. 2, |
1897.
7eturn
1
. . . 309.
7eturn
1
(tat )ental des *yst+ri,ues, . 171.
7eturn
1
h | D P, Phh
M, E. ., . ., passim.
7eturn
2
. L. ' ( 221 A ).
-ote.Th h
h .
7eturn
1
F h, D. '
, Th Ph :
h h N
M N Y, 1898.
7eturn
1
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, | 1889.
7eturn
1
P h &merican 'ournal
o$ "sycholoy, . ., N. 1, 1891;
P h .evue "hilosophi,ue,
1895. P '
h | I, h ,
h h h h
h h . H
hh. H
h . h
, D, , h
h h, h -.
7eturn
1
, op. cit., . 50.
7eturn
2
, op. cit., . 54.
7eturn
1
, op. cit., . 17.
7eturn
1
"roceedins .P.., . . N. 4,
. 360.
7eturn
1
h P |'
"rinciples o$ "sycholoy, . . . 84, .
Gh' - h

. h
h - ,
, h
h h 2! .
7eturn
2
P L' h |
)ind, 1892.
7eturn
1
L hz ,
, E, D. P
Ch, P, 1897.
7eturn
1
M h h
h h
h .obert
0chumann/s (arly 1etters, . 268: Th
. I
h I h
, h h
,- ,
hh , &. ,
. 271: I h h I
; ;
h h h
h I .
7eturn
1
1/&nn+e "sycholoi,ue, i. 1894, . 124, F.
C, . .
7eturn
1
I h hh h
|' . I
h h ,
h , h
P h h -
h h D-h h
, I h, ,
h .
Th h
h h D
,-h
h hh
h .
7eturn
1
2liad, . 199; 3neid, . 908.
7eturn
1
0."... "roceedins, . . . 241.
7eturn
1
D. F 4rain | 1887.
7eturn
2
5e l/2ntellience, . . . 119.
7eturn
3
&rchives de )+decine, . . 1876, . 554.
7eturn
4
&n (#perimented 0tudy in *ypnotism,
D. . K-E, D. C. G.
Ch, . 91.
7eturn
1
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, | 1891, . 302.
7eturn
1
1es .6ves , . 135. Th


. . 192-200
h .
7eturn
2
.evue de )+decine, F 1892.
h
M D. D. P. |'
-+vroses et 2d+es $i#es , . . . 116 et se,.
7eturn
1
415.
7eturn
2
"roceedins 0."..., . . . 507.
7eturn
1
.evue 0cienti$i,ue, 3

, . . 167.
7eturn
1
C'
h h h.
7eturn
1
I h, h, h '
h h h h
h hh, hh h
h h h,
h 1884 .
7eturn
1
Th h h
h h .
h h
; h hh
h h
h h.
7eturn
1
L h ,
-
T
u6 A
H lH
iq q . |T|
7eturn
1
.echerches "hysioloi,ues sur l/*omme
P, 1811; )+moires pour servir 7
l/*istoire et 7 l/(tablissement du )an+tisme
&nimal8 5u )an+tisme &nimal consid+r+
dans ses .apports avec diverses branches de
la "hysi,ue !+n+rale8 &.
7eturn
1
N' 9eitschri$t $:r *ypnotismus,
passim.
7eturn
2
Th ' h
, h h

h h h h
h. D. '
| , h ,
"roceedins 0."..., . . . 127-166. Th
' ,
h h .
7eturn
1
Th
P M'K' H
h (ncyclop;dia 4ritannica.
7eturn
1
h H? D. |. M
. "roceedins .P.., . . . 224.
7eturn
1
h Ch II.
233 236,
D.
4rain, N, 1900,
h h D. ,
L. I h h
, h
h.
7eturn
1
I h h h h
. F h h
h
h ; I h
h Ch -
| h
h h h h h
h . I h h
h h,
h h h h.
h h h, I h h h D.
V, h
h,
|
,-hh
, h, h
h .
7eturn
1
, , V h-Nz'
, 5ie 0uestions%Therapie bei
<ran<ha$ten (rscheinunen des !eschlechts%
1ebens.
7eturn
1
D. H, 4ritish )edical 'ournal, | 4h,
1891.
7eturn
1
, N 540 , h
h mi#ed
sense%orans, hh h
.
7eturn
1
D. ' h
"roceedins .P.., . . . 207.
7eturn
1
-atural and )esmeric =lairvoyance, .
227-28; "hantasms o$ the 1ivin,
. . . 88.
7eturn
1
h D. X. Ch VIII.,
833.
7eturn
2
M-C, Fh-C, h M
L, . T. M, M. D., F..C.P.,
F. . H. M, "roceedins .P.., . . .
160-210.
7eturn
1
h h
h h ,
h h
h , h
h ;
h h h
h h h h
h h h
, h h h
, h
. Th, , h
h
. Th h h
h ;
hh h h
hh hh. h h
h h
; h
h h h h. h
h h
hh h h h
h
- h h
h ; hh h
h
hh
h h.
7eturn
1
F h h -z
M. L' )a<in o$ .eliion,
M Gh-F'
E C-V, "roceedins
.P.., . . . 486, h hh I
"2# A .
7eturn
1
I h , hh I
h h , h I
h
h ,
.
7eturn
1
Th Fh , L
H Th h
h Phh C
, P, 1891,
. M. P' ,
Thh-,
h h .
7eturn
1
I h h h
h h
h . F h , h
h
, h
h. "! A .
7eturn
1
>isual , h
, h
auditory ,
.
7eturn
1
Th - h-
M. H h h
h h h
1847 h -, .
7eturn
1
=$. h M. !2$ h
M. F. G (n,uiries into
*uman ?aculty, . 226-231
hh h
, hh h
.
7eturn
1
Ch IX., passim.
7eturn
1
I h h I
: Th
h h M.
M. E'
1888,
)urray/s )aa@ine. Th h
M. E M.
,-h M. hh h h
, h M. E
h h h-h, h .
H h h .
7eturn
1
h h

. h h
h
h
.
7eturn
1
"hantasms o$ the 1ivin, . . . 231.
7eturn
1
h

h, e.. h
h , , h, h
h , &. Th
h
h ,
h h P P.
132 D.
|. h -
h h .
7eturn
1
"roceedins .P.., . . . 403-408.
7eturn
1
I ,
, h
hh hmotor, h sensory,
h , , h
h .
7eturn
1
, , 500, "hantasms o$
the 1ivin, . . . 462.
7eturn
2
I h hh
"hantasms o$
the 1ivin. h , h
hh-
h h h
hh.
h h h ,
h ,
hh h name
h h
.-
"hantasms, . . . 512.
7eturn
1
C h -
E G
"roceedins .P.., . . . 408 : Th
h -h
"hantasms o$ the 1ivin h -
, &.,
h, :-I
134 h
h , , h
, h h. I
104 hh h
'
h h; h
. Th
78 h h h
h h;
h 38 40 h
h. h 38 h h '
h h hh,
, h h
, 19 h
- h h h. h 40
h h '
h h, h
- h,
h h'
, hh h
h h h
h .
7eturn
1
Th "roceedins h
Ph h . . . 405
h h h ,
| , h
h h h. Th
h h h;
h , h h h h
h h' , h
h h h . Th
, h
h h',
h h hh
h h , h
, h h
. E h h
h h h,
h reconition h
h h.
7eturn
2
Th h h
"hantasms o$ the 1ivin.
7eturn
1
h
, M. P' , h -, h
-, M. Mhh' ,
h, h h
h h .
7eturn
1
Ph h D h
, "roceedins .P.., . .
291.
7eturn
1
F h
, M.
L' )yth, .itual, and .eliion, . . .
105-6.
7eturn
1
h h h
.
7eturn
1
h h
h "roceedins h
.
7eturn
1
G h
,
h h
' . F h ,
h, h
.
7eturn
1
Th , h
h 'ournal .P..
| 1885.
7eturn
2
h h
, h
hh h h h.
7eturn
1
C , ,
h h-h,
$!# A .
7eturn
1
I H hh
M. F, h
M. ' h
h hh, h ,
h . Th h ,
h, h
; h ,
h .-
F..H.M.
7eturn
1
h M. P
"roceedins .P.., . . . 60.
7eturn
1
, h, M. '
"roceedins .P.., . . . 79-80,
h
h , h
h h h
. Th , ,
h h h
h M. ' 1885.
7eturn
1
Th M. ,
1885 "roceedins .P.., . . . 142 ,
: I h h
- , I h, h
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h
h
, , h
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h hh
.
7eturn
1
Th 751 .
7eturn
1
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h |
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h h hh
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h
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h
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h
h h , h,
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h,
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. h
h h ,
h h
I .-E.M..
7eturn
1
I h mediate
, h
h
hh, e.. h
.
1
T , I
h h h
h h

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continuous.
Th -
h smell
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, , h
h
h h
.
7eturn
2
I h h all
h
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h h hh
allotropic8-
h
hh
, h
superiority h h h
h h
h h h. h
hh h
h diamond8-
h h advance
h h
h h .
7eturn
1
, , "roceedins .P.., . .
. 291.
7eturn
1
0ensation et )ouvement, Ch. F.
P: , 1887.
7eturn
1
1a 0uestion )entale "roceedins
.P.., . . . 239 s,,. .
7eturn
1
h M. '
%11 A . , , h
, h


. ,
h &merican 'ournal o$
"sycholoy, | 1888, h
predictable
h h -
. h M
H h, P F' 5es
2ndes 7 la planAte )ars, ,
%! et se,.
7eturn
1
5u 5+mon de 0ocrate, &., L. F. L,
M 'I. N , 1856.
7eturn
1
X. )emorabilia, . 1.
7eturn
1
F h h M. L'
"roceedins .P.., . &'. . 198-
212, hh I %1( A .
7eturn
2
h , M, L %1( A .
7eturn
1
F h ,
hh h, &merican
'ournal o$ "sycholoy, . . . 435
1890.
7eturn
1
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, Mh 1893, . 268.
7eturn
1
h h h
h h , h
h .
C h M. C G, $"
B , h M.
M, h h h
)!) , h h
h )!% A .
7eturn
1
Th
K h 1ivre des (sprits h 1ivre
des )ediums, hh h
, . Th
h
hh
.
7eturn
1
P |' "sycholoy, . . .
394: h
h
. I
h h h h
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. hh -

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, I . h
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hh P | ,
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h h
C, h
|, h,
, h h
h h entourae.
7eturn
1
F M

h' h, P
F' -ouvelles Bbservations sur un cas
de 0omnambulisme, G, 1902.-
EDIT.
7eturn
1
H h, h, h
h-z E
h L
G. 5es 2ndes, . 15.
7eturn
1
, "sycholoie des 0entiments, .
152.
7eturn
2
, h, -ouvelles Bbservations .
212-213, hh h
h h M

h
,
h h h
h. I h . 206-216,
P F h
M' h
h G
hh h I h
h ; h h . 203-
206 h h H
hh
h hh
.-EDIT.
7eturn
1
Fh h
-ouvelles Bbservations, . 232-
237.-EDIT.
7eturn
1
M. Nh
h -
h , h , h,
h h h,
|
h
. : Y
h
h h
h-- h h
. M. Nh
. I h
,
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h . I
h
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h . M.
Nh
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--,
h Ph
M. M. Nh. M.
M. Nh
, h
h M. Nh
h .
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h. M. Nh
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h . Thh
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h
.
7eturn
1
h L
|, hh I h h
.
7eturn
2
, h, 'ournal .P.., . . . 293,
M. V.'.
7eturn
1
I h C
, | 15h, 1889.
7eturn
2
The 4oo< o$ ?amily =rests, h,
1856.
7eturn
1
h
H h .eliio%
"hilosophical 'ournal | 31, 1891,
M.
h | hh h h 1881,
hh h
. Th h
h U h h M.
F ; h h-h
M. h
h M. F'
-h , -
h .
7eturn
1
Th , Ch'
|, D. D. H, M
h h h.
7eturn
1
h

hh

h h h .
Th h h ,
h h h -
, h .
Th h - ,-
h h hh h -
, , h .
If t+s ndeed be t+)s1 t fts n stran&el" 8t+ t+e
e#$erences of o)r 'odern seers18t+ t+e s$rt)al
nterc+an&e 8+c+ ta3es $lace 8+en a dscarnate
ntell&ence occ)$es t+e or&ans' and 'eant'e t+e
ncarnate ntell&ence1 te'$orarl" freed1 a8a3es to 8der
$erc$ence1n t+s or n anot+er 8orld.
7eturn
1
Ch VII., 753.
7eturn
1
)odern 0piritualism8 a *istory and a
=riticism, F P Mh
C., L, 1902.
7eturn
1
Th h h
h Ch hh
h h. P. Th
h Ch h
h .
I h h, h E
h
h h
h , h

.
7eturn
1
M. G h h h '
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h
h.
7eturn
1
0pirit Teachins, hh
h , h h
h L M. Ch ,
h h
h 1iht M. M.
M' h.
7eturn
1
Th h
h M. P, h
0tudies in "sychical .esearch, . 125-133.
7eturn
1
)!% A .
7eturn
1
Th h h
D. H' .
7eturn
1
I h h h,

h h
h h
.
7eturn
1
h !2( A , !2( B , !2( E ,
$1$ , $1$ B , %(2 A , %"( A
, %$! A )2$ B .
C h E M
)"# , h M. M.
'G "roceedins .P.., . . .
293-95, h M. Mh
'ournal .P.., . . . 136. I h
M. M. 'G h
h h h
h h ,
h h h ,
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h h h
- h
h. I h %$! A , h
h
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7eturn
1

h
h
P H, h
, "roceedins .P.., . . . 537-
623. I h ,
h
h, h
h h , vice versC.
7eturn
1
h 1881 h
h, , h h h
.
7eturn
1
h
h, h
h ,
h h
,
h,
P h
"roceedins .P.., . . . 334-593.
4or references to retroco&nt2e cases1 see sectons
,*(, ''3 , *33 , ),9 K )'3 , 9'3 , also ,*( A , ,*( B .
(ee also t+e acco)nts of retroco&nt2e scenes E)oted n
t+e record of /ss %.5s cr"stal 2sons n '(, C . 4or
cases bearn& on $reco&nton see t+e case of %nna
6nsor . (3* A /, 8+ere t+ere 8ere $redctons
concernn& t+e co)rse of +er dseaseG refer to ,+1 F and
,'+ A , 8+ere t+e dffc)lt" of e#cl)dn& t+e a&enc" of
selfCs)&&eston s consderedG co'$are also t+e cases
&2en n ,+1 H and ,*3 F 8+ere $ro&noses concernn&
ot+er $ersons 8ere 'ade correctl" b" +"$notsed s)bDects
and t+e $redcton of +s a)nt5s deat+ &2en n /r. 6.5s
a)to'atc 8rtn&1 n )*3 . (ee secton +(, and t+e
%$$endces to t+at secton1 also ''3 A , t+e cases n
secton *1* and *1* B , cases B1 =1 **1 and *. n t+e
e#$erences of Lad" /abel -o8ard1 ),1 A 8 also ),( A ,
)*+ A , 9(* B , and secton 9'3 8t+ ts %$$endces.
T+ere 'a" +a2e been so'et+n& of $re2son also n
Professor T+o)let5s case1 n 930 .
7eturn
1
F h |, h
, . 341-347
Th :
P, "roceedins .P.., .
.
7eturn
1
. ., (2" (2" A * B * C .
7eturn
1
Th h , hh h
Mh
1899.-EDIT.
7eturn
1
(nn. . 4, 14.
7eturn
1
(nn. . 3, 27.
7eturn
1
(nn. . 2-3. Th - supra
rammaticam8 P
, ,
h
h ,
h
h.
7eturn
1
5e l/&utomatisme de la )+moire, &. P
D. E M. P, 1874.
7eturn
1
Fh P
h C C C
. I h h
h h h
h ; h h
hh
1813, h
h G .
7eturn
1
G: h
h ,
h, C., N.Y., h, h
h Ch ,
, , ;
h
, h
h , h Ch Ch
, h 15h N 1857.
h . E
C, h
1858, , h '
h D C h h D
h N Y.
7eturn
1
M. h ,
h hh h
h h
. H 11 .M.
3 P.M.
7eturn
2
I h h
M.
. Th
h
., "roceedins .P.., . . .
241.
7eturn
1
Th N, N.H.,
, h h h
h h, h
. |. .
7eturn
1
Th C L E
D h N 1884,
|. Hh |, M.D. , h
h, hh D
h N 1885,
T M D E
P, The Dest .idin 1unatic
&sylum .eports, . .
7eturn
1
D. H. G. Lh, ., P, V.
7eturn
1
I h h
h h , h
h :
L 1, L 2, L 3. I h h
D. |'
-L, L,.
L.
7eturn
1
F, 1e )an+tisme &nimal, .
105.
7eturn
1
Th h
M. | |' , U C 'H
G, .evue de l/*ypnotisme, M 1889.
7eturn
1
F h F,
*ypnotisme, 5ouble =enscience &.,
D. z, P, 1887.
7eturn
1
h
h h,
D.
523.
7eturn
1
F D. C' &nnales
)+dico%"yscholoi,ues, 1882, . 75; D.
V', &rchives de -evroloie, ,
1885. Th h h
D. |, 1a
!rande *yst+rie che@ l/*omme, P, 1886,
D. , 5e
la suestion mentale, &. E4ibl. scienti$i,ue
contemporaineF, P, 1887.
7eturn
1
Th h
h h . IV., hh
h .
7eturn
2
V h
4rain, 1898. "roceedins
.P.., . . . 366 et se,.
7eturn
1
C h H
H, &., h "roceedins o$ the
0ociety $or "sychical .esearch, . . . 95.
7eturn
1
Th
h, h L
Eh, D. ' ,
h.
7eturn
1
T, 1es .6ves, . 121.
7eturn
1
P
Hh' h M. Hh
. P Hh
h h h
h U; M. Hh h
h ,
h . h H
h h hh h
, h h
U
h h h
h .-. . N.
7eturn
1
M. , h M. G.
, O.C., h
h h
M. . C, h h h'
h--.
R%VE!(B:RY P%RR1 /ITC-%/1 (:RREY1
*>th 1anuary *AA;.
T+e follo8n& 8as related at o)r table b" '" +)sband5s brot+erCnCla81
/r. (e$t')s Cro8e. -s fat+er1 snce dead1 8as (r 7o+n Cro8e1 Cons)lC
General for !or8a".
H/" fat+er and I 8ere tra2elln& one 8nter n !or8a". 6e +ad o)r
carroles as sled&es1 and '" fat+er dro2e frst1 I follo8n&. One da" 8e 8ere
dr2n& 2er" E)c3l" do8n a stee$ +ll1 at t+e botto' of 8+c+ ran a road1 at
r&+t an&les 8t+ t+e one 8e 8ere on. %s 8e neared t+e botto' of t+e +ll
8e sa8 a carrole1 &on& as E)c3l" as o)rsel2es1 D)st read" to cross o)r
$at+. /" fat+er rened n s)ddenl"1 +s +orse reared and fell o2er1 and I
co)ld not1 at frst1 see 8+et+er +e 8as +)rt or not. -e1 l)c3l"1 +ad s)staned
no nD)r"1 and n d)e t'e 8e reac+ed +o'e. /" sster1 on o)r a$$roac+1
r)s+ed o)t1 e#cla'n&J T+en "o) are not +)rtW I sa8 t+e +orse rear1 b)t I
co)ld not see 8+et+er "o) 8ere +)rt or not.9I9
It 8ll be seen t+at f /rs. Bdder5s re$ort s strctl" acc)rate1 t+ere s a
dscre$anc" as to 8+c+ of t+e t8o +orses t 8as t+at reared. B)t e2en e"eC
8tnesses of a s)dden and conf)sn& accdent '&+t after8ards dffer n
s)c+ a $ont as t+s.
7eturn
1
h , h E
P, "roceedins .P.., . . .
317.
7eturn
1
I h , h
h h G"hantasmsH h.
. 8. Th h h -

h,
h '
h h.-E.
GUNEY.
7eturn
1
Hh h h
h h
h h
h h
.
7eturn
1
Thh h h ,
h h
.
7eturn
1
Th h
h . ,
, , h
natural.
7eturn
1
Th ,uel,ues Iours auparavant ,
h h h h number o$ the
day h, h $+vrier
h mars.
7eturn
2
Th "hantasms o$ the
1ivin h .
C 138, . . . 375. Th h
h , h
h '
h ,
hh h
h
h .
h h
h h h. I , h
' h h
h h.
7eturn
1
=$. , L Ph P,
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, 1894, . 33;
Ph M, .evue de
l/*ypnotisme, F 1894, . 241.
7eturn
2
Ph E,
G' P M Ph;
'H, 1896, .
51, 1898, . 79.
7eturn
3
N
' h I C
Ph N P, 1900.
7eturn
1
. N, 4ibliotheca 9ooloica, .
h , 5ie niederen
0inne der 2nse<ten, T, 1892.
7eturn
1
, h, h |
, 569 570.
7eturn
1
C , h
, '
, .
7eturn
1
, 1e 0omnambulisme "rovo,u+.
7eturn
2
, .evue de
l/*ypnotisme, D 1887, . 183.
7eturn
3
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, 1889, . 298.
7eturn
4
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, Mh 1890, . 278.
C h
D. T' , 1ancet,
1875, . . . 340, 343, 457; . . . 107;
1881, . . . 797, 842. Th
h,
h
, h
h h
|.
7eturn
5
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, | 1890, .
197.
7eturn
1
E H,
D. . K-E, C. G.
Ch, M.D., N Y, 1889.
7eturn
1
F E C, D.
, "roceedins .P.., . .
. 204.
7eturn
2
D. , =omptes
.endus de la 0oci+t+ de 4ioloie, | 12h,
1885; D. M, "rorAs )+dical,
29h, 1885.
7eturn
3
.evue de l/*ypnotisme, | 1890 . 353,
"rorAs )+dical, 11h 18h,
1890, "ractitioner, | 1891 .
50. I
h h h
h | h
.
7eturn
1
0toria di un =aso d/2sterismo con
0ena@ione 0pontanea, P, 1853.
h h
'ournal .P.., D 1900 . . .
333.
7eturn
1
I h h
7 lonue
+ch+ance, h h ;
h h h
h .
7eturn
2
1e 0omnambulisme "rovo,u+, . 139-41.
7eturn
1
U h h +ch+ance
E M h
h , -- h
h h .
7eturn
1
' h ,
| ; h , D.
, "roceedins .P.., . . .
127-66.
7eturn
1
&nnales )+dico%"sycholoi,ues, 1884, .
. . 289 se,,.
7eturn
1
D. E. D, h '
- I. &nnales )+dico%
"sycholoi,ues, 1886, . 238,
=ontribution 7 l/+tude de l/hypnotisme,
D. D, G, 1887.
7eturn
1
h ,
P E|,
, D. Mh, M.D., P
Ph, h D. P, LL.D., D.
D L, 1815.
7eturn
2
0everal hundreds
h h most wonder$ul "reacher, h

Ch, h asleep, h h h
M h, h awa<e. Bp. cit.
.
7eturn
1
F h
D. M 5u sommeil, des r6ves, et du
somnambulisme, 1857, h h
F. L. H
. D. D.
7eturn
2
P , h
| h h. D. D.
7eturn
3
h h h h
h , h h
h .
7eturn
1
"hantasms o$ the 1ivin, . . .
679-83.
7eturn
1
Th , h , h
.
7eturn
1
I h
h h ,
h , h
h.
7eturn
2
I h h salon
h , h '
.
7eturn
1
M. G h ; M. |
h M. G h
h h.
7eturn
2
h V. VI.
h
h P, M. G
h h, h h h
h .
7eturn
3
C 1 4 ,
I h h
.
7eturn
1
. . . 257-60; . . . 201-205;
. . . 453-59. F h
| h
h H
Th.-E. G.
7eturn
1
M. G h hh
h . 257-59, . . H
h h h ,
, h
h h h
; h
h , h
h h hh
h -h h
h . I ,
h, h h h
h
|-h h
h h
h h . Th, hh

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nervous induction, |h
| sui eneris.
7eturn
1
Th h
h M. h' h h h
, h
,
h .
7eturn
1
"roceedins .P.., . . . 256; . .
. 13-17; "hantasms o$ the 1ivin, .
. . 59.
7eturn
2
, e.., 9oist, . . . 321, 323-24; .
. . 253, 260, 323; . . . 289; . .
. 126, 142, &. "hantasms o$ the
1ivin, . . . 89-91. P (lectricit+
&nimale, . 103 h h
h
h . P
.
7eturn
3
h h will
h , G
"hantasms o$ the 1ivin, . . .
92 h h h
h
h h |
h h h |
h .
h h
h h h '
7eturn
1
Ch | h h
D h E h
h .-. . D.
7eturn
1
M. H Lh,
h Jeber unwill<:rliche
?l:stern ' "hilosophische 0tudien,
. . 4 h h h
h
h, h h
h h
h h h
h.
P , h, h
"roceedins .P.., . . . 298-315,
h , h h

h h h h
h, h,
h,
h.
7eturn
1
Th (") B .
7eturn
1
C h h P.
T. "2! A .
7eturn
1
D. h h
h h D. K|
h h D.
h hh h h
. I h hh
h , h
.
7eturn
1
I h h
h | h h h.-
F..H.M.
7eturn
1
&rchives des 0ciences "hysi,ues et
-aturelles, . ., N. 10, 15h,
1892, . 326-27. G.
7eturn
1
Th h h
(n,u6te sur l/audition color+e
P F, hh
h 213 h
48 h
h ;
h .evue de l/*ypnotisme,
D 1892, . 185, h h
h h audition
color+e ustation color+e
h hh.
7eturn
2
F h , h
h I C
E Ph, ,
L, 1892, . 10-20 N,
L, 1892.
7eturn
1
Th h
h P, D. Kh h
h h P-
Chh, &merican 'ournal o$
"sycholoy, . ., ., . 25: Th
h
. Th
h h
hh h hh . I h
h h h
h h
hh h
.
7eturn
1
. |' "rinciples o$ "sycholoy, .
. . 66, &.; ' 1a "sycholoie du
.aisonnement, . 48, &.
7eturn
2
I h h h
h h,
h, ,
.
h h h, h
|,
h ;-
h
| h h
. Th
-, hh h
h h
, h h
h. |'
h , | ',
| ' .
7eturn
1
Th
M. V
"roceedins .P.., . . . 174-197.
7eturn
1
h C
H, "roceedins .P.., . . .
108.
7eturn
1
Th - I h
- .
7eturn
2
I h h h
- h
h h
5ynamoeny F, .ev. "hil., ., 364, &..
Th h h
, h ,
h ,
h .
Th h V Uhh
|' "sycholoy, ., . 29; P'
&rchiv., ., . 154 h
h
h
. C
h h
h h . F
h hh | -
h -
h h h "atholoie
des Kmotions, . 29. h h
| h
. hh
|
h h
. I h sel$,
, hh h h
; h -
h h
.-|F..H.M.|.
7eturn
1
M h
h h.
7eturn
2
Th h h M
h h .
7eturn
3
I h hh.
7eturn
4
I h h h | 20,
hh h h
. Th
hh M. C .
F 9
.
7eturn
1
Th h 4.30
7.30 P.M. Th 10
P.M.
7eturn
2
|M. L h
h :| M h
h h h
M. C h . h
h h h
. Th I h
M. . I h
h, M. ,
M. C, M. C, M
, h . Th
h h
. Th
h ,
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.
7eturn
3
P C. .
M h U h D
T h "roceedins o$ the &merican
0."..., . . . 302 h
h
h .
7eturn
1
F h
-h, P M.
' h
hh- h "roceedins
.P.., . . . 170, . . . 548;
h P
. . . 303-4;
D. D' 5as
5oppel%2ch . . . 209.
7eturn
1
h h ,
h H M D "roceedins
.P.., . . . 111, . . . 355; H
h M. E M ibid.
. . . 324, . . . 169; M. |. .
h ibid. . . . 207; P
L ibid. . . . 374; D. . Th
ibid. . . . 422; D. h-
Nz ibid. . . . 3; P h
ibid. . . . 18. "hantasms o$ the
1ivin, . . . 32-34, . . . 653-
654.
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"roceedins h .P.., . . . 189, &.
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"roceedins .P.., . . . 2-17.
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M. F. P' &pparitions and
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I F 1896, M.
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h 'ournal .P..
1896 . . . 243, h h h'
, h h .
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1
N h "hantasms o$
the 1ivin, . . . 172, , h
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1
h , h
h | h h
h h
h h .eport on
the =ensus o$ *allucinations, 612 ,
h; h
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3
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F h ,
.eport on the =ensus o$ *allucinations, .
223.
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1
F h h,
hh I h h promnesia,
"roceedins .P.., . . . 340-347.
7eturn
2
Jeber die Truwahrnehmun, E.
Ph Lz, 1894,
"roceedins 0."..., . . . 162, M.
. L' The )a<in o$ .eliion, . 337
.
9ur Lriti< des telepathischen 4eweis%
)ateriels, E. Ph Lz, 1897,
"roceedins 0."..., . . .
589.
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1
T h h ,
h M. '
:-
6+en abo)t nne or ten "ears old I 8as sent to a
sc+ool n ,orc+ester as a da" boarderG t 8as +ere '"
frst c)ro)s e#$erence occ)rred t+at I can clearl"
re'e'ber. I 8as n an )$$er roo' n t+e sc+ool1 standn&
8t+ so'e ot+ers1 n a class o$$oste o)r teac+er1 /ss
/ar" Loc3G s)ddenl" I fo)nd '"self b" +er sde1 and
loo3n& to8ards t+e class sa8 '"self dstnctl"a sl'1
$ale &rl1 n a 8+te froc3 and $nafore. I felt a stron&
an#et" to &et bac31 as t 8ere1 b)t t see'ed a 2olent and
$anf)l effort1 al'ost str)&&le1 8+en acco'$ls+ed. I 8as
')c+ fr&+tened1 b)t dd not 'enton t tll 'an" "ears
after.9
I 'a" 'enton t+at /rs. (tone5s da)&+ter +as +ad a
s'lar e#$erenceG so t+at +ere s $er+a$s anot+er
e#a'$le of +eredtar" tendenc".
7eturn
1
=$. M. M' h
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G"hantasms o$ the 1ivinH . . . 521:
| '
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h
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h.
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1
Th h
h, hh, h,
h h.
7eturn
1
| h, h
h h h h
h h hh h
; h h h
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-.
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h
h h "hrenoloical 'ournal and
)iscellany Eh, N. . . 290, &.,
h -
I =hambers/s )iscellany.
!rund@:e der physioloischen
"sycholoie, . . . 357, h
, h
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. =$. 193. M M, V,
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h
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. L, h, h h
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. I P'
(dinburh )edical and 0urical 'ournal
|. 1843, h h hh
hh z. I h
h h hh h

"hantasms, h. . 3, 315, 518,
M. D' , . 237. I h
h h disappearance
hh
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7eturn
2
Lritische und <linische 4etrachtunen im
!ebiete der 0innestMuschunen, , 1885.
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1
Th -
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.
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1
M. N h .
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Th h
h h h 10h, h
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h

M G. h
, h h.
Th h
h 'ournal .P.., . . . 21-30,
"# D .
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1
M. K h -
h h .
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1
5er )anetismus und die allemeine
Deltsprache.
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1
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z -.-. .
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1
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1
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1
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"rocAs, IV., 425.
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IV., 371, 372. H h h
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1
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1
T h hh
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. 1420-21.
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2
Nh h M. F. C. . h
Fh.
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1
4ibliothA,ue 5iaboli,ue C
. P: "rorAs
)edical, 1886.
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1
D. L' Jrbain !randier et les
"oss+d+es de 1oudun. P: h.
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1
h , , h
h h, h h
h
| h . Th
h M. h. I , h,
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"hantasms, . . . 77-8,
h h h h '
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1
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1
Th h 385
h
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.
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1
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1
Th h
h "roceedins .P.., .
. . 477-481.
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1
I h h , h
, . Th
h , h
P h
h .-H...
7eturn
2
&utomatic or 0pirit Dritin, with
other "sychic (#periences, .
U Ch, 1896.
7eturn
1
Th h h
, h h
. L 1869,
h. h h ,
h 1886, h h
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' .-..
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1
h ;
z., h M K h
h ;-h h h .
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1
M. ' h .
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1
.
7eturn
1
M. '
h (ncyclopaedia
4ritannica.
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1
Th h
h h
h M. . M.-
EDIT.
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1
Th h h
h h
h h
h, hh h onus probandi
h h.-EDIT.
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1
Th
h , o,
. . E, M.D., , U..., 1893.
P M
Ead $in.F (ncyclopaedia
4ritannica. Th h h
P M .
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1
I h h h
h h Eh
h Lz
.
H' L Mh L.
XVIII.. D. C, h h h
,
h .
Lz, h h
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h h H
C; h
; h h
is I
.
7eturn
1
"roceedins .P.., . . . 29,
. 270 s,,.
7eturn
1
I h h h
h, M. |. F.
C 1iht N 2, 1892.
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h h h . M.
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h ; h h h, ,
h h
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h h h
h
.-H' 5iseases
o$ the 0<in, p. 102.
7eturn
1
Theory o$ *eat, h. .
7eturn
1
H L K' h
h , I
h
h h h h
h hh I
h . I ,
1883, h 1891, h
"opular 1ectures and
&ddresses N , . . . 265, L
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, h hh h ;-

.
7eturn
1
5iseases o$ the 0<in,
D. H. C 1888, . 160, &.
7eturn
1
C' .esearches in 0piritualism, . 91.
7eturn
1
-ature, . . . 292.
7eturn
1
Th 1iht C.
, h
4h, 1876. I h h M.,
h
.
7eturn
1
h h
D. |. . H' 0omnolism and
"sycheism, . . . 556.
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1
h 1832,
1838 1846. Eh
, , M. C,
h L 1845.
The "ioneers o$ the 0piritual .e$ormationN
1i$e and Dor<s o$ 5r. 'ustinus LernerN Dilliam
*owitt and his wor< $or 0piritualism,
M H L: Th
Ph P E. .
, 1883.
7eturn
1
F h, The 1i$e o$
(dward 2rvin, M h H
, 1862.
7eturn
1
'ournal du )an+tisme, . . . 89.
7eturn
2
'ournal du )an+tisme, . . . 24.
7eturn
1
M. P' h
.
7eturn
1
Th H
h,
L L ,
h, D. C h
=ontemporary .eview | 1876,
h h
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h h h . I h, h
h h h
, C ,
h H' 1i$e
h h h h
H
h h.
7eturn
2
h h h
-h h

The !i$t o$ 5. 5. *ome h
'ournal .P.., . . . 251.
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1
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h , h Ch
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h ;
h
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7eturn
1
I h h h
1887, h M. P'
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h , I h M. H
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N Y h
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h G.P., h h G.P.
h h. h N Y F
8h, 1892, F
20h, 1892, I D. L,
h D. L h ,
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1
h h
h h G.P.
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h h h
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h
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h
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MYE.
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2
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1
M' h h ,
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h h.
7eturn
1
F M. M' h ,
V. I., . 72-75-EDIT.
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1
: F h h
,

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h h
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h h |
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7eturn
2
h h ,
h 'ournal .P.. M 1903, . 74-E.
7eturn