Paulina Hernandez Larumbe

April 7, 2014
Elizabeth Hinnant
ENGL 1102-030


Diversity in Community College: Annotated Bibliography

Hostager, Todd J. & De Meuse, Kenneth P. The Effects of a Diversity Learning
Experience on Positive and Negative Diversity Perceptions. Journal of Business
and Psychology 23.3 (2008): 127-139. JSTOR. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.

Hostager and De Meuse research the negative and positive effects that diversity
has in the workplace and in schools. The authors conduct experiments on groups in the
work place to see what their initial thoughts on diversity are and conduct similar
experiments once again after taking a diversity-informational class. They found that
women are more positive about the aspect of diversity in the workplace than men are.
Another finding of this research was that after taking the class, there was an overall
increase in the positivity towards diversity in both men and women.
Much like in my research, the authors of this study found that there are both
positive and negative outcomes, which come from diversity. The article states that, on
the negative side, diversity has been associated with undesirable personal and
interpersonal outcomes (128): with one of the negative effects being increased social
divisiveness (128). This effect was clearly apparent in the research I conducted myself.
While the authors dont go into detail of each different effect, in my research it proved
true that diversity often causes people to be shy or indifferent around people whom are
different that them.
Furthermore, Hostager and De Meuses study found that older students have a
more positive view of diversity as opposed to younger students. This finding also proved
Beth 4/9/14 10:17 PM
Comment [1]: uoou. I think this is a nice
summaiy. It's concise, but uetaileu enough
to give youi ieauei a feel foi the aiticle.
Beth 4/9/14 10:17 PM
Comment [2]: Nice! I like how you
connect this back to youi own ieseaich.
Paulina Hernandez Larumbe
April 7, 2014
Elizabeth Hinnant
ENGL 1102-030


true in my personal research because in the different environments I observed, older
students seem to be a lot less concerned about whether or not they were socializing with
other students of the same age, race, or gender.

Bowman, Nicholas A. How Much Diversity is Enough? The Curvilinear Relationship
Between College Diversity Interactions and First-Year Student Outcomes.
Research in Higher Education. 5.8 (2013): 874-894. JSTOR. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.

This article focuses on the way interactions between students changes before and
after their first year of college. Bowman conducted a study of students from various
different schools: universities, liberal arts colleges, and community colleges. He found
that students who had a better psychological being had significant growth in their
interactions with other students whom were different from them while other students had
little to no growth in their interactions.
Bowman makes a point in saying having a racially diverse student body only
provides educational benefits to the extent that students from different racial backgrounds
actually interact with one another (877). This was refreshing to read because throughout
my research I never thought about all the positive outcomes that interracial socializing
would have if people actually interacted with each other. The point Bowman makes helps
me to widen my view on this specific topic. If racially diverse students interacted with
one another, they could be enlightened with new ideas they maybe wouldnt have before.
Reading this made me that my topic could be looked at from a different perspective to see
Beth 4/9/14 10:18 PM
Comment [3]: I'm not suie I fully
unueistanu this concept baseu off what you
have heie. Naybe you coulu go into a bit
moie uetail.
Paulina Hernandez Larumbe
April 7, 2014
Elizabeth Hinnant
ENGL 1102-030


the success students achieve when they engage with students who are racially diverse
from them.
Harper, Cassandra E. & Yeung, Fanny. Perceptions of Institutional Commitment to
Diversity as a Predictor of College Students' Openness to Diverse Perspectives.
Review of Higher Education. 37.1 (2013): 25-44. EBSCO. Web. 30 Mar. 2014
In this article, Harper and Yeung research the way higher education provide
students with diversity. They study that diversity helps students improve their education
and widen their views on topics. Their research found that students feel that diversity in
their school can lead to positive outcomes.
Harper and Yeungs research found that almost half of freshmen students have
friends who are the same race as them while only a third of juniors do the same stating
that the racial diversity among students closest friends, revealed that 42% of
freshmen respondents and 30% of junior respondents had friends exclusively of the same
race (34). While I did my research I dont think I had ever taken into account that the
classroom I observed was a freshman-level class. This makes me wonder if maybe the
lack of interaction with one another in the classroom came from the fact that the students
were still not 100% accustomed to their environment.
Harper and Yeung also mention that: Students saw the diversity of their
friendships as somewhat incidental because they did not focus on race in their friendship
choices; rather, they made friends with the students they encountered most frequently
during their first year of college (27). This statement circles back to my own research
because if this is true, another reason for the lack of interaction between students in
Beth 4/9/14 10:20 PM
Comment [4]: Nice! This is a ieally goou
way to fiame this ieseaich anu put it in
conveisation with youi own.
Beth 4/9/14 10:22 PM
Comment [5]: I feel like this summaiy is a
bit too simplistic. While being concise is
uefinitely a goou (anu necessaiy) thing, you
want to be suie youi ieauei has enough
uetail to unueistanu the aiticle at hanu.
Beth 4/9/14 10:23 PM
Comment [6]: uoou. I ieally like how
you'ie speaking to how this ieseaich will
sheu light onto youi ethnogiaphy. You'ie
uoing a supeib job of speaking "besiue" the
authoi.
Paulina Hernandez Larumbe
April 7, 2014
Elizabeth Hinnant
ENGL 1102-030


community colleges is that they dont see each other frequently. In my research, I found
that most students attending community college go to their classes, and leave. Unlike a
college campus, where most freshmen live in dorms and see each other around campus
throughout the day, community college students may not be around each other enough to
interact with one another in a significant way.

Locks, Angela M., Sylvia Hurtado, Nichonals A. Bowman, Leticia Oseguera. Extending
Notions of Campus Climate and Diversity to Students Transition to College.
The Review of Higher Education. 31.3. (2008): 257-285. PROJECT MUSE. Web.
31 Mar. 2014.
This article focuses on a study conducted to tests students experiences with
diversity during their first year of college and following up to their second year of school.
Their study found that a students sense of belonging largely influences the way they
interact with each other. Students of color often find it intimidating to be exposed to a
large amount of white students.
This study is very beneficial to my topic because it widely emphasizes the effect
that living at home can have on a students sense of belonging. Locks states that Further,
as we might expect, students who spent more time socializing were likely to have a
higher sense of belonging. In contrast, students who had lived with their parents in their
first year of college were likely to have a lower sense of belonging by the second year of
college and spent less time socializing (17). If the findings of Locks study are true,
this is almost exactly related to my idea of community college. Students at community
Beth 4/9/14 10:25 PM
Comment [7]: These summaiies appeai
to be getting shoitei anu moie vague. Keep
up with the uetails.
Paulina Hernandez Larumbe
April 7, 2014
Elizabeth Hinnant
ENGL 1102-030


colleges do not only spend their first year of college at home, but their entire time in
community college.
Community college students spend a very small amount of time socializing with
one another. Because of this, they are never quite given the time to familiarize themselves
with each other, thus resulting in a very minimal amount of socializing which comes
from their lack of sense of belonging. Furthermore, Locks study also found that
Latino students who interacted with peers around academic issues out side of class had a
higher overall sense of belonging (5). This is because once theyre exposed to others
ethnicities, they find it easier to socialize with others.

Jones, Willis A. The Relationship Between Student Body Racial Composition and the
Normative Environment Toward Diversity at Community Colleges. Community
College Review. 41.3 (2013): 249-265. SAGE PUBLICATIONS. Web. 6 March,
2014.
In this article, Jones studies the positive impacts that diversity can have in
community college students. He found that diversity contributes to to students'
intellectual and personal development (13). Jones strives to shed light on diversity in
community colleges where other scholars have mainly kept a focus on four-year
universities.
This article focuses on one of the topics discussed in my ethnography, which was
the way that diversity can positively allow students to be exposed to many different ideas.
Jones states that, Student interaction and engagement with diversity have in turn been
Beth 4/9/14 10:26 PM
Comment [8]: I uon't necessaiily think
this is tiue foi all community college
stuuents.
Beth 4/9/14 10:26 PM
Comment [9]: I'm not suie I see the
connection you'ie tiying to make heie.
Beth 4/9/14 10:27 PM
Comment [10]: Again, this is vague.
Paulina Hernandez Larumbe
April 7, 2014
Elizabeth Hinnant
ENGL 1102-030


found to be positively correlated with a range of desirable educational outcomes,
including higher levels of student cross-cultural competence, increased academic
engagement, and greater gains in critical and active thinking (3). This idea was apparent
in the research done for my ethnography. Students who looked past the idea of age,
gender, or ethnicity were much more successful in the assignments they were to
complete.
Diversity allowed for these students to have a large variety of thoughts and ideas
from others. Jones sheds light on the fact that students gain knowledge from one another
when provided with the opportunity to do so.

Paulina,
Overall, I think this is really strong working draft. Your analyses are poignant and
smart, and I like that you consistently speak about the scholarly work in relation to
your own research. Your language, too, remains formal and academic and I
appreciate all the work that I can tell you put into this assignment.
My only real concern moving forward in revision is that you work on your
summaries. While they are concise, I think several of them lack the necessary detail
to fully catch your reader up to the information they missed by (presumably) not
reading the piece. Remember that even though your summaries should be short,
they should be thoughtful, meaningful, and deep. Other than that, and one too
short undeveloped analysis at the end, I think this is a wonderful draft.

Beth 4/9/14 10:27 PM
Comment [11]: Biu you watch them
complete assignments. I'm a bit confuseu.
Beth 4/9/14 10:27 PM
Comment [12]: This analysis is a bit
shoit.