HES2340 Fluid Mechanics 1

Tutorial 4

1. In this flow passage the velocity is varying with time. The velocity varies with time at
section A-A as

I = S m s - 2.2S
t
t
0
ms

At time t = 0.50 s, it is known that at section A-A the velocity gradient in the s direction is
+2 m/s per meter. Given that t
0
is 0.5 s and assuming quasi-one-dimensional flow, answer
the following questions for time t = 0.5 s.

a. What is the local acceleration at A-A? |Answcr: o
I
= -4.S ms
2
]
b. What is the convective acceleration at A-A? |Answcr: o
c
= S.S m s
2
]









Problem 1
























2. Liquid flows through this two-dimensional slot with a velocity of

I = 2(q
0
b)(tt
0
)

where q
0
and t
0
are reference values. What will be the local acceleration at x = 4B and y =
0 in terms of B, t, t
0
, and q
0
?
|Answcr: o
I
=
4q
0
Bt
0
]








Problem 2













3. The velocity of water flow in the nozzle shown is given by the following expression:

I = 2t (1 - u.Sx I )
2


where V = velocity in meters per second, t = time in seconds, x = distance along the
nozzle, and L = length of nozzle = 1.2 m. When x = 0.5L and t = 3s, what is the local
acceleration along the centerline? What is the convective acceleration? Assume quasi-
one-dimensional flow prevails.
|Answcr: o
I
= S.S6 m s
2
; o
c
= 126.42m s
2
]










Problem 3




















4. If the piston and water ( = 1000 kg/m
3
) are accelerated upward at a rate of 0.4 g, what
will be the pressure at a depth of 0.6 m in the water column?
|Answcr: 824u Po]









Problem 4











po
I
= -
o
ol
(p + yl)






Jp
Jl
+ y = -po
I

Jp
Jl
= -p(g + o
I
)
Jp
Jl
= -(1uuukg m
3
)(9.81 m s
2
+ (u.4 9.81 m s
2
))
= -1S7S4 Pom

Using the pressure gradient obtain, the pressure at a depth of 0.6m is,

P = (1S7S4Po m )(u.6 m)
= 824u Po

Noted that the negative sign for pressure gradient is just to imply the pressure is
decreasing when moving upward along l direction.



5. A liquid with a specific weight of 15,700 N/m
3
is in the conduit. This is a special kind of
liquid that has zero viscosity. The pressures at points A and B are 8.1 kPa and 4.8 kPa,
respectively. Which one (or more) of the following conclusions can one draw with
certainty?
|Answcr: (J)]
(a) The velocity is in the positive l direction.
(b) The velocity is in the negative l direction.
(c) The acceleration is in the positive l direction.
(d) The acceleration is in the negative l direction.









Problem 5

































6. If the velocity varies linearly with the distance through this water nozzle, what is the
pressure gradient, dp/dx, halfway through the nozzle? ( = 1000 kg/m
3
).
|Answcr:
op
ox
= -82SkPo m ]









Problem 6
































7. Water flows through a vertical contraction (venturi) section. Piezometers are attached to
the upstream pipe and minimum area section as shown. The velocity in the pipe is 3 m/s.
The difference in elevation between the two water levels in the piezometers is 15 cm. The
water temperature is 20C. What is the velocity at the minimum area?
|Answcr: I
2
= S.S m s ]















Problem 7






















8. Kerosene at 20
o
C flows through a contraction section as shown. A pressure gage
connected between the upstream pipe and throat section shows a pressure difference of 20
kPa. The gasoline velocity in the throat section is 10 m/s. what is the velocity (m/s) in the
upstream pipe?
|Answcr: I
1
= 7.1Sm s ]





Problem 8