Bon Bagay

No Haiti, Bon Bagay impossvel de traduzir.

Em janeiro de 2010, com o trauma do terremoto ainda fresco, jornalistas brasileiros
enviados ao pas tentvamos explicar o que signicavam aquelas palavras
onipresentes. Algum um dia arriscou sangue bom, e houve um consenso de que
era o mais perto a que conseguiramos chegar.
Mas sangue bom no d conta de denir essa expresso do creole, a lingua
remotamente derivada do francs que falada na ilha caribenha. Bon Bagay est na
boca dos haitianos dia e noite, como uma saudao a um estrangeiro, um chamado
fraterno a um amigo, um suspiro de esperana ou um grito de decepo.
Talvez por isso, melhor do que tentar traduzir entender visualmente o que se
poderia chamar de um certo esprito Bon Bagay, que naqueles dias dramticos
aps a tragdia rondou o Haiti to intensamente. As fotos de Alan Marques
oferecem uma janela.
Para registrar seus agrantes, ele rodou freneticamente pelo Haiti em garupas de
motocas. Passou horas dentro de carros calorentos esperando o trnsito serpentear
por entre destroos. Trouxe de volta um retrato precioso do tremor que matou de
200 a 300 mil pessoas e destruiu grande parte de um pas j miservel.
Numa favela de Porto Prncipe, uma senhora junta lama e farinha para fazer
uma torta. Em um acampamento improvisado em frente ao palcio presidencial
arruinado, um microempreendedor trabalha em um salo de beleza a cu aberto.
Na primeira luz do dia, tropas da fora de paz brasileira, ainda sob o trauma de
terem perdido 18 colegas no tremor, distribuem gua e alimentos.
Eram eles, os militares, quem mais ouviam pelas ruas os gritos de Bon Bagay!,
desta vez com exclamao, signicando obrigado, v em frente, nos ajude.
Impossvel traduzir.
Frequently used in Haiti, Bon Bagay is an expression that is impossible to translate.
In January 2010, with the trauma caused by the earthquake still recent, we,
the Brazilian journalists sent to that country, were trying to explain what those
ubiquitous words meant. One day one of us risked good fellow (sangue bom),
and we all agreed that this was as close as we could get to.
But good fellow doesnt comprehend the full denition of this expression of
the Creole, the language remotely derived from the French that is spoken in the
Caribbean island. Bon Bagay is on the Haitians lips day and night, as a greeting
to a foreigner, a fraternal call to a friend, a hopeful sigh, or a cry
of disappointment.
Maybe because of that, better than trying to translate it is trying to visually
understand what could be called a certain Bon Bagay spirit, that roamed around
Haiti so intensely on those dramatic days right after the tragedy. The photos of Alan
Marques offer us a window to this visual apprehension.
In order to register his caught-in-act photos, he wandered frenetically throughout
Haiti on backseats of motorbikes. He spent several hours inside stuffy hot cars
waiting for the trafc to start meandering among the wreckage. And he brought
back a precious portrait of the tremor that killed about 200 and 300 thousand
people and destroyed a great part of an already miserable country.
In a shantytown of Port-au-Prince, a woman gathers mud and our to make a pie.
In an improvised camping in front of the ruined presidential palace, a small-scale
entrepreneur works in an open-air barber shop. On the rst light of day, troops of
the Brazilian peacekeeping force, still under the trauma of having lost 18 fellows in
the quake, are distributing water and supplies.
It was them, the military, who most heard the cries of Bon Bagay! through the
streets, this time followed by an exclamation, meaning thank you, keep going,
help us. It is impossible to translate.
En Hati, Bon bagay est impossible de traduire.
En janvier 2010, avec le trauma du tremblement de terre encore frais, nous, les
journalistes brsiliens, avions t envoys au pays pour essayer dexpliquer ce que
ces mots omniprsents voulaient dire. Quelquun avait risqu une fois bonne
chose et il y avait un consensus que ctait le plus proche de la prcision
smantique que nous pourrions atteindre.
Maisbonne chose ne suft pas dnir cette expression du crole, la langue
drive du franais qui est parle dans cette le des Carabes. Bon bagay est jour
et nuit dans le vocabulaire courant des Hatiens comme un salut un tranger, un
appel fraternel un amical, un soufe despoir ou un cri de dception.
Peut-tre, plutt que dessayer de traduire, il vaut mieux comprendre visuellement
ce que lon pourrait appeler un certain esprit bon bagay, qui a frquent ces
jours intenses et dramatiques de laprs-tragdie de lHati. Les photos dAlan
Marques y proposent une fentre.
Pour enregistrer les photos, il a couru frntiquement travers lHati larrire
des motos. Il a pass des heures en attendant dans les voitures chaudes du
trac que faisait des mandres parmi les dbris. Il a rapport un prcieux tableau
du sisme qui a tu de 200 300 mille personnes et a dtruit une grande partie
dun pays dj misrable.
Dans un bidonville de Port-au-Prince, une dame mlange de la boue et de la farine
pour en faire une tarte. Dans un camp improvis devant le palais prsidentiel en
ruines, un petit entrepreneur travaille dans un salon de beaut ouvert. Le matin ds
laube, les soldats des troupes brsiliennes, encore sous le trauma davoir perdu 18
collgues dans le sisme, font la distribution deau et de nourriture.
Ctaient eux, de larme, qui entendaient le plus dans les rues : Bon bagay !,
cette fois lexclamation qui signiait merci , aller avant, aidez-nous.
Impossible de traduire.
Te struggle at Haiti after the earthquake | La lutte lHati aprs le tremblement de terre
www.bonbagay.com.br www.alanmarques.com.br
Patrocnio: Apoio: Realizao:
Braslia, 2012
1
a
Edio
Te struggle at Haiti after the earthquake | La lutte lHati aprs le tremblement de terre
Marques, Alan.
Bon Bagay : a luta no Haiti aps terremoto / Alan Marques.
Braslia : Alan Marques, 2012.
140 p. : il. ; 30 cm.
Edio trilngue.
1. Fotojornalismo - Haiti. 2. Terremoto - Haiti. 3. Haiti
Histria. I. Ttulo.
CDD 070.49097294
CDU 77.044(729.4)
Elaborao da cha catalogrca
Maria Ivete G. M. Rodrigues CRB-DF 1682
M357b
ALAN MARQUES
Todos os direitos reservados.
Fotografas
Alan Marques / Folhapress
Edio de Imagens, Textos e Projeto Editorial
Alan Marques
Direo de Arte, Projeto Grfco e Diagramao
Joo Campello
Traduo
Ana Arajo Vzquez (Ingls)
Lcia Hugueney (Francs)
Professor da Universidade de Braslia (UnB) Eclair Antonio Almeida Filho (Coordenao)
Patrocnio: Apoio: Realizao:
Agradecimentos Gratefulness | Remerciement
Deus, que arquiteta meu destino;
Minha me, d. Ditinha, e meu pai, Epifnio, pela vida, amor, carinho e educao;
A minha amada Karla, que est sempre ao meu lado;
Meus irmos, Lula e Srgio, que so as minhas colunas de Salomo;
Meu irmo Paulo, que deixou saudades;
Minhas irms, Nadja, Telma e Vilma;
Ao jornal Folha de S. Paulo, o bero da minha vida prossional;
Melk Filho, pela oportunidade de viver do jornalismo;
Igor Gielow, que me enviou ao Haiti;
Juliana Laurino, que abriu as portas da Folhapress;
Joo Campello, que montou o corpo desse projeto;
Leonncio Nossa, Roberto Jaime e Orlando Brito que me ajudaram na construo deste trabalho;
Samuel Figueiredo e Giancarlo Summa, que acreditaram neste trabalho;
Damaris Giuliana e Valria Schilling, que me ajudaram na sintonia na deste projeto;
Exrcito Brasileiro e ONU, que me acolheram no Haiti
Antnio Marcelino, que ordenou o uxo do meu trabalho e ajudou no resgate das imagens;
Aos meus irmos de pensamento e de fotograa;
E aos verdadeiros amigos que me apoiaram no meu caminho.
Alan Marques
A Organizao das Naes Unidas tem atuado no
Haiti desde 1993, lidando com as pesadas heranas
sociais, polticas, econmicas de dcadas da feroz
ditadura da famlia Duvalier.
A Misso das Naes Unidas para Estabilizao no
Haiti (MINUSTAH), a quinta operao da ONU no
pas, foi iniciada em 1 de junho de 2004, atendendo
a um pedido do novo Governo haitiano, que
necessitava de auxlio para restabelecer a segurana
interna, ameaada por gangues de narcotracantes
que controlavam reas inteiras do territrio nacional,
e reestruturar as instituies.
Ao longo desses anos, a ONU prestou assistncia
humanitria a milhes de pessoas e implementou
programas educacionais, de emprego, reciclagem e
sade, entre outras iniciativas que tm minimizado o
sofrimento do pas mais pobre das Amricas.
Com o apoio da MINUSTAH, o Haiti reformulou seu
Congresso e realizou duas eleies presidenciais
livres e democrticas pela primeira vez na Histria
da nao o poder foi transmitido entre opositores.
Tambm fortaleceu a formao de magistrados
e policiais, promovendo o Estado de Direito e o
respeito aos direitos humanos.
A lenta recuperao do Haiti, no entanto, sofreu um
golpe terrvel com o terremoto que arrasou o pas em
12 de janeiro de 2010, ceifando as vidas de centenas
de milhares de haitianos e de 96 funcionrios civis
e militares da ONU: a maior perda jamais sofrida
pela Organizao. Vinte destes colegas e amigos
eram brasileiros; entre eles, Luis Carlos da Costa, o
chefe-adjunto da Misso.
Alan Marques foi para o Haiti logo depois do
terremoto, e l cou trabalhando sem parar
por semanas a o. As fotos reunidas neste livro
transmitem a emoo, a dor e, apesar de tudo, a
esperana daqueles dias terrveis. A escolha do
preto e branco esteticamente acertada, e valoriza
a sensibilidade do olhar do fotografo. So imagens
fortes, que destacam os valores do trabalho das
Naes Unidas: solidariedade, respeito, tolerncia.
A ONU continua, e vai continuar, ao lado do povo
e do Governo haitiano para superar os desaos do
terremoto, defendendo a igualdade, a justia, a paz.
The United Nations Organization has worked in Haiti
since 1993, dealing with the heavy legacies social,
political, economic from decades of brutal dictatorship
of the Duvalier family.
The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
(MINUSTAH), the fth operation of the UN in the
country, was initiated on 1st June 2004, fullling a
request from the new Haitian Government that needed
assistance to restore the internal security, threatened by
drug gangs that controlled whole areas of the national
territory, and to restructure institutions.
Throughout all these years, the UN has provided
humanitarian assistance to millions of people and has
implemented programs in education, employment,
recycling and health, among other initiatives that
have minimized the suffering of the poorest country
of the Americas.
With the support of MINUSTAH, Haiti has reformulated
its Congress and organized two free and democratic
presidential elections - for the rst time in the history
of the nation the power was transmitted among
opponents. The country has also strengthened the
training of magistrates and policemen, promoting the
Rule of Law and the respect for human rights.
The slow recovery of Haiti, however, suffered a terrible
blow with the earthquake that devastated the country
on 12 January 2010, taking the lives of hundreds of
thousands of Haitians and of 96 civilian and military
UN staff members: the highest loss the Organization has
ever had. Twenty of these colleagues and friends were
Brazilian; among them Luis Carlos da Costa, Deputy
Head of the Mission.
Alan Marques went to Haiti right after the earthquake
and stayed there working nonstop for weeks. The
photographs gathered in this book transmit the emotion,
the pain and, despite everything, the hope felt during
those terrible days. The choice of black and white is
aesthetically correct and it enhances the sensitive eye of
the photographer. The images are strong and emphasize
the values of the work developed by the United
Nations: solidarity, respect, tolerance.
The UN continues and will continue to work side by side
with the people of Haiti and the Haitian Government
to overcome the challenges created by the earthquake,
always advocating equality, justice and peace.
LOrganisation des Nations Unies est prsente en Hati
depuis 1993. Sur place, ses activits la confrontent
quotidiennement au dsastreux hritage des dcennies
de dictature de la famille Duvalier, aussi bien sur le
terrain social que politique ou conomique.
La Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en
Hati (MINUSTAH) est la cinquime opration de
lONU dans le pays. Elle a commenc le 1er juin 2004,
la demande du gouvernement hatien. Ce dernier avait
besoin de soutien pour rtablir la scurit, menace par
des gangs de narcotraquants qui contrlaient des pans
entiers du territoire national, ainsi que pour restructurer
les institutions.
Tout au long de ces annes, lONU a mis en place
une assistance humanitaire touchant des millions de
personnes, et dvelopp des programmes relatifs
lducation, lemploi, la sant et le recyclage, entre
autres initiatives ayant pour objectif de rduire les
souffrances au sein du plus pauvre pays des Amriques.
Avec lappui de la MINUSTAH, Hati a rform son
Congrs et organis deux lections prsidentielles libres
et dmocratiques pour la premire fois de lhistoire
de la nation, le pouvoir a t transmis dans le cadre des
institutions entre des opposants. Le pays a galement
renforc la formation de ses magistrats et de ses
policiers an de promouvoir lEtat de droit et le respect
des droits de lhomme.
La lente rsurrection dHati a nanmoins souffert un
coup terrible travers le tremblement de terre qui a
dvast le pays le 12 janvier 2010, tuant des centaines
de milliers de Hatiens, ainsi que 96 fonctionnaires civils
et militaires de lONU la plus grosse perte jamais
soufferte par lorganisation. Ce groupe damis et de
collgues comprenait vingt Brsiliens, parmi lesquels
Luis Carlos da Costa, chef-adjoint de la mission.
Alan Marques sest rendu en Hati juste aprs le
tremblement de terre, il y a travaill sans relche
pendant des semaines. Les photographies runies
dans cet ouvrage transmettent lmotion, la douleur,
et, malgr tout, lesprance qui eure au cours de
ces journes terribles. Le noir et blanc est un choix
esthtique, qui valorise la sensibilit du regard du
photographe. Ce sont des clichs forts, qui mettent en
avant les valeurs guidant le travail des Nations Unies:
solidarit, respect et tolrance.
LONU est, et restera toujours aux cts du peuple et
du gouvernement hatien pour les aider surmonter les
nouveaux obstacles crs par le tremblement de terre,
en dfendant lgalit, la justice, et la paix.
Giancarlo Summa,
Diretor do Centro de Informao das Naes Unidas
para o Brasil (UNIC Rio)
Giancarlo Summa,
Director of the United Nations Information Center in
Brazil (UNIC Rio)
Giancarlo Summa,
Directeur du Centre dInformation des Nations Unies
au Brsil (UNIC Rio)
A M | Bon Bagay 5
A tragdia que desabou sobre o povo haitiano em 12
de janeiro de 2010 trouxe para o corao do Brasil
parte dos destroos, poeira e sangue que desde
ento passaram a compor a rotinada populao de
Porto Prncipe. O sacrifcio de 21 brasileiros mortos
naquele terremoto, dos quais 18 militares, sintonizou
ainda mais as emoes entre brasileiros e haitianos.
A amizade entre os dois povos, que se fortalecia
desde 2004, quando o Brasil passou a coordenar
a misso militar da ONU no Haiti, robusteceu-se,
numa onda de solidariedade que at hoje mostra
seus ecos nos uxos migratrios de haitianos que
buscam no Brasil reencontrar os BonBagay.
nesse momento da tenso mxima, do sofrimento
inenarrvel, que o reprter Alan Marques chega
capital conagrada para contar suas histrias.
Imagens de dor, de morte, de desalento, mas tambm
de solidariedade e esperana, a orescer em meio ao
ferro e ao concreto despedaado. Essa a principal
imagem que trago daqueles dias tristes, e que so
tambm acolhidas neste livro: a fora do sonho, da
esperana e da amizade a conduzir os homens.
The tragedy that crumbled over the Haitian people
on January 12, 2010, brought to the heart of Brazil
part of thewreckage, debris and blood that ever
since became part of Port-au-Princes population
routine. The sacrice of 21 Brazilian citizens killed
in the earthquake, 18 of them Military, tuned even
more the emotions of Brazilians and Haitians. The
friendship between the two people, which was
getting stronger since 2004, when Brazil started
to coordinate the UN military mission in Haiti,
augmented, in awave of solidarity that until now
shows its echoes on the immigration ow of Haitians
expecting to be in reunion with the Bon Bagay. In
a moment like this of maximum stress, unspeakable
suffering, the reporter Alan Marques arrives in the
embattled capital to tell its stories. Images not only
of pain, death and despair, but also of solidarity
and hope were rising from the poured concrete and
steel. That is the main remembrance I keep from
those sad days, which is also part of this book: the
strength of the dream, of hope, and the friendship
that guides the men.
La tragdie qui sest abattue sur le peuple hatien le 12
janvier 2010 a ramen au cur du Brsil une partie des
dcombres, de la poussire et du sang qui font dsormais
partie de la routine de la population de Port-au-Prince. La
perte de 21 Brsiliens dans le sisme, dont 18 militaires,
a rapproch encore davantage les motions prouves
par les Brsiliens et les Hatiens. Lamiti entre les deux
peuples, qui se fortiait depuis 2004 , lorsque Le Brsil
a assum la coordination de la mission militaire de
lONU en Hati,sest solidie, en dclenchant une
vague de solidarit qui, jusqu prsent, montre ses
repercussions dans les uxs migratoires dHatiens qui
cherchent rencontrer au Brsil les Bon Bagay. Cest
dans ce contexte de tension maximale et de souffrance
indescriptible que le journaliste Alan Marques arrive
la capitale bouleverse pour raconter ses histoires. Des
images de douleur, de mort, de dcouragement, mais
aussi de solidarit et despoir, eurissent enplein milieu du
fer et du bton tombs en morceaux. Voici la principale
image que je retiens des ces journes tristes,par ailleurs
reprises dans ce livre : la force du rve, de lespoir et de
lamiti conduire les hommes.
Nelson Jobim
Ministro da Defesa do Brasil no perodo 2007-2011
Nelson Jobim
Brazilian Ministryof Defense, from 2007 to 2011
Nelson Jobim
Ministre de la Dfence du Brsil dans la priode de
2007 2011
Um pouco do Haiti e ONU
Historiadores dizem que a pobreza e a tragdia do povo haitiano podem ter
origem no sculo 19, quando Neg Mawon a gura mtica do negro desconhecido,
representante da insurreio escrava apontou seu machete para o colonizador
francs e comeou a luta pela libertao.
O Haiti era ento a mais rica e cobiada colnia. Aps a vitria militar sobre
o colonizador, os haitianos queimaram todas as plantaes e engenhos. Sua
inteno: tornar o pas objetivo pouco atraente para uma fora francesa
de reconquista.
Nessa poca surgiu uma expresso cupetet bo le cay (cortem as cabeas e
queimem as casas), ainda bradada nos conitos mais recentes do pas.
Nascia assim, em 1804, a primeira repblica negra nas Amricas, j exaurida
economicamente pela guerra e por dvidas com o colonizador.
Dezenas de governantes civis e militares se sucederam no poder, sendo depostos ou
mortos, at a ascenso da violenta ditadura Duvalier (1957-1985).
A queda desse regime provocou uma luta pelo poder entre militares e o presidente
esquerdista Jean Bertrand Aristide, processo cuja violncia fez a ONU desembarcar
capacetes azuis pela primeira vez no pas em 1993.
Nos dez anos seguintes, quatro misses do organismo se sucederam no Haiti,
fracassando sistematicamente.
Quando Aristide foi deposto e exilado em 2004, o Departamento de Misses de
Paz da ONU, projetou uma operao maior e mais robusta que as anteriores - a
Minustah (Misso das Naes Unidas para a Estabilizao no Haiti), cujo comando
militar brasileiro.
Em meados de 2007, aps trs anos de combates, a maior parte dos grupos
rebeldes havia se rendido ou sido aniquilado. A reestruturao e a ampliao da
Polcia Nacional do Haiti e do sistema judicirio do pas se aceleraram no nos
dois anos seguintes.
Fora isso, aps anos de guerrilha e golpes de Estado, a vida voltava capital Porto
Prncipe, com lojas, restaurantes e mercados sendo abertos em cada esquina.
E, sim, a preparao da prxima eleio democrtica ia bem.
O cenrio favorvel fez a ONU apostar que 2011 seria o ano da virada na histria
haitiana, quando as tropas e agncias humanitrias comeariam uma retirada
escalonada.
O Haiti seria ento um exemplo de interveno internacional em um pas pobre e catico.
Contudo, na tarde do dia 12 de janeiro de 2010 as placas tectnicas do Caribe e
dos EUA se deslocaram um metro e meio, a dez quilmetros de profundidade.
Os planos da comunidade internacional para o Haiti desabaram em alguns
segundos, assim como boa parte da capital do pas.
A catstrofe deixou mais de 220 mil mortos, segundo clculos do governo do Haiti.
Poucos dias aps o tremor principal e ainda sem ter a real ideia do tamanho do
desastre ningum tinha, na poca o fotgrafo Alan Marques chegou ao Haiti de
carona com um avio C-130 da Fora Area do Brasil.
Em uma terra em escombros, onde tremores secundrios e saques eram frequentes,
Alan registrou o terror dos sobreviventes e os esforos sem limites de militares
brasileiros, americanos e de tantas outras nacionalidades, para socorrer, dar abrigo,
gua e comida para 1,3 milho de desabrigados.
Tive a honra de acompanha-lo por mais de 15 dias naquele caos. Percebi que
os personagens que ele fotografou no eram s mais um punhado de crianas
moribundas, homens mutilados, sacerdotes vudus, cozinheiras de biscoitos de barro
e pilotos de tap-tap (lotao).
As lentes do fotgrafo retrataram um povo e uma parte sombria de sua histria.
Alan captou a luta dos haitianos, os descendentes do Neg Mawon, que mesmo
vivendo na nao mais pobre da Amrica, sobreviveram a uma das maiores
catstrofes humanitrias do ltimo sculo.
Luis Kawaguti reprter do caderno Mundo da Folha de S.Paulo, foi enviado para
cobrir o terremoto do Haiti horas aps o desastre e autor do livro A Repblica
Negra - histrias de um reprter sobre as tropas brasileiras no Haiti
A M | Bon Bagay
Something of Haiti and the UN
Historians say that the poverty and tragedy of the Haitian people may have
had their origin in the XIX Century, when Neg Mawon the mythic gure of the
unknown Black Man, representative of the slave insurrection aimed his machete at
the French colonizer and led the ght for liberty.
Haiti was then the richest and most coveted French colony. After the victory over the
colonizers, the Haitians burned down all the plantations and sugar-mills in the country.
Their intention: to make the country a poorly attractive goal for a French reconquest
Force. At that time an expression came up, cupetet bo le cay (cut the heads off and
burn the houses down), that the Haitians were still roaring in the most recent conicts.
Thus was born, in 1804, the rst black republic in the Americas, already exhausted
economically by war and debts to the colonizers.
Dozens of civil and military governors came to power one after another, being either
deposed or killed, until the rising of the violent Duvalier dictatorship (1957-1985).
The fall of this regime led to a power struggle between the military and the leftist
president Jean Bertrand Aristide, a process whose violence made the UN disembark
blue berets in the country for the rst time, in 1993.
Through the ten years that followed, four UN missions took place in Haiti,
failing miserably.
When Aristide was deposed and exiled in 2004, the Department of Peacekeeping
Operations of the United Nations set up an operation greater and more robust than
the previous ones - the Minustah (United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti ),
which has its military component under the command Brazilian Army.
In mid 2007, after three years of combats, most of the rebel groups had surrendered
or been annihilated. The restructuring and expansion of Haitis National Police
judicial system were accelerated in the two years that followed.
After years and years of guerrilla and putsches, life was coming back to the capital
city of Port-au-Prince, with stores, restaurants and markets springing in every corner.
And certainly the preparations for the next democratic elections were doing ne.
The favorable scenario made the UN bet that 2011 would be the year of the
turning point in the history of Haiti, when the troops and humanitarian agencies
would initiate a gradual retreat. Haiti would then be an example of international
intervention in a poor and chaotic country.
However, in the afternoon of the January 12, 2010, the Caribbean and North
America tectonic plates moved about 5 feet (1.5 meter), about 6 miles (10
kilometers) below the surface of the Earth. The plans of the international
community for Haiti collapsed in a few seconds, just like a great part of the capital
of the country.
The catastrophe killed more than 220 thousand people, according to Haitian
government gures.
A few days after the quake, and yet without having a clear idea of the dimension of
the disaster no one did, at the time the photographer Alan Marques arrived at
Haiti hitching a ride on C-130 plane of the Brazilian air Force.
In a land turned into wreckage, where aftershocks and pillages were frequent, Alan
registered with his camera the terror of the survivors and the limitless efforts of the
soldiers from Brazil, USA, and so many other countries, to assist, rescue, shelter, and
provide water and food for 1,3 million displaced.
I had the honor of accompanying him for over 15 days on that chaos. I realized the
characters he photographed werent just another bunch of dying children, mutilated
men, voodoo priests, mud biscuit cookers, and Tap-Tap pilots.
The lenses of the photographer portrayed a people and a dark period of their
history. Alan captured the struggle of the Haitians, the descendants of Neg Mawon,
who even living in the poorest nation of America, managed to survive one of the
greatest humanitarian catastrophes of the last century.
Luis Kawaguti is a reporter for World section of the paper Folha de S.Paulo, was
sent to cover the earthquake in Haiti hours after the disaster, and is the author of the
book A Repblica Negra histrias de um reprter sobre as tropas brasileiras no
Haiti (The Black Republic stories of a reporter about the Brazilian troops in Haiti).
Un peu de lHati et des Nations Unies
Les historiens disent que la pauvret et la tragdie du peuple hatien peuvent avoir
eu son origine dans le dix-neuvime sicle, quand Neg Mawon - la gure mythique
du Noir inconnu, reprsentant de linsurrection esclave a point sa machette pour
les colonisateurs franais si bien qua commenc ainsi la lutte de mancipation.
Hati tait alors la colonie franaise la plus riche et la plus convoite. Aprs la
victoire militaire contre le colonisateur, les Hatiens ont brl toutes les plantations
et les usines. Leur intention : rendre le pays peu attractif pour une force franaise de
reconqute. ce moment-l vint au jour lexpression cupetet bo le Cay (coupez
les ttes et brlez les maisons), encore utilise dans les conits rcents dans le pays.
Ainsi, en 1804, la premire rpublique noire des Amriques est ne, dj
conomiquement puise par la guerre et les dettes envers son colonisateur.
Des dizaines de dirigeants civils et militaires qui ont russi au pouvoir, ont t dposs
ou morts jusqu lavnement de la violente dictature de Duvalier (1957-1985).
La chute de ce rgime a conduit une lutte de pouvoir entre larme et la gauche
du prsident Jean Bertrand Aristide; dans ce processus, la violence utilise tait une
raison pourquoi les Nations Unies avaient envoy des casques bleus au pays pour la
premire fois en 1993.
Au cours des dix prochaines annes, quatre missions de lagence se sont passes en
Hati, mais aucune na russi.
Lorsque Aristide a t destitu et exil en 2004, le dpartement de missions de
paix des Nations Unies avait fait une opration plus grande et plus robuste que les
prcdentes - la MINUSTAH (Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en
Hati), dont le commandement militaire est brsilien.
la mi-2007, aprs trois annes de combats, la plupart des groupes rebelles
staient dj rendus ou ont t dtruits. La restructuration et lextension de la Police
nationale hatienne et le systme judiciaire du pays se sont acclrs dans les deux
annes suivantes.
En dehors de cela, aprs des annes de gurilla et de coups dtat, la vie revenait
la capitale Port-au-Prince, avec des magasins, restaurants et marchs qui avaient t
ouverts tous les coins. Et oui, la prparation de la prochaine lection dmocratique
allait bien. Le rapport favorable fait lONU miser que lanne 2011 serait lanne
du grand tournant de lhistoire hatienne, lorsque les troupes et les agences
humanitaires commenceront un retrait progressif. LHati serait alors un exemple de
lintervention internationale dans un pays pauvre et chaotique.
Cependant, laprs-midi du 12 janvier 2010, les plaques tectoniques dans les
Carabes et les tats-Unis se sont dplaces dun mtre et demi, une profondeur
de dix kilomtres. Les plans de la communaut internationale en faveur dHati se
sont effondrs en quelques secondes, ainsi quune bonne partie de la capitale.
La catastrophe a fait plus de 220 mille morts, selon les estimations du gouvernement
dHati.
Quelques jours aprs le sisme principal et toujours sans une vritable ide de
lampleur de la catastrophe - personne nen avait cette poque -, le photographe
Alan Marques tait arriv en Hati dans lavion C-130 de lArme de lAir du Brsil.
Dans un pays o les rpliques et les pillages taient frquents, Alan a enregistr la
terreur des survivants et les efforts sans limites des militaires brsiliens, amricains et
de bien dautres nationalits, pour sauver, fournir delhbergement, de la nourriture
et de leau 1,3 millions dhatiens sans-abri.
Jai eu lhonneur de laccompagner pendant plus de 15 jours dans ce chaos. Je me
suis aperu que les personnages quil a photographis ne sont pas seulement un tas
denfants qui meurent, des hommes mutils, des prtres vaudous, des cuisiniers de
biscuits de boue et les chauffeurs de tap-tap (bus).
Lobjectif du photographe dpeint un peuple et une partie sombre de son histoire.
Alan a saisi la lutte des Hatiens, descendants de Neg Mawon qui, mme vivant
dans la nation la plus pauvre de lAmrique, ont survcu lune des plus grandes
catastrophes humanitaires du dernier sicle.
Luis Kawaguti , journaliste de la section Mundo du journal Folha de S. Paulo, a t
envoy pour rapporter le tremblement de terre en Hati quelques heures aprs la
catastrophe et est lauteur de A Repblica Negra histrias de um reprter sobre
as tropas brasileiras no Haiti.
Sumrio
summary
rsum
em pedaos
in pieces
en morceau
bon bagay
bon bagay
bon bagay
marcas
marks
stigmate
9
97
49
A M | Bon Bagay
em pedaos
in pieces
en morceau
A M | Bon Bagay
Jojo Flerime Victor, 10 anos, adora futebol. Naquela tarde de tera-feira, o garoto
haitiano corria atrs da bola na brincadeira diria com os amigos da rua. Disputava
cada lance sem se importar com o p descalo e o dorso nu. S queria marcar um
gol, mirando na trave improvisada com tijolos.
No campinho da rua Lyce Jean Marie-Vicent, em Porto Prncipe, a bola meio murcha
passava de p em p. Um pouco antes das 17h daquele 12 de janeiro de 2010, um
barulho forte parou o jogo. Jojo olhou para cima porque pensou, naquele primeiro
momento, que era uma exploso no poste de iluminao. O asfalto ralo foi sacudido
uma vez, duas vezes e na terceira o cho sumiu e para depois projetar Jojo para o
alto. O garoto haitiano sentiu com se estivesse montado em um cavalo raivoso.
A terra continuou a tremer. Uma nuvem densa e sufocante cobriu o cu. O silncio
durou pouco e deu lugar aos gritos: Jesu, Bon Dieu. O rosto da molecada
de rua cou coberto por uma na camada de poeira monocromtica com letes
vermelhos do sangue que corria de suas cabeas.
Jojo se recorda de ter comeado a chorar. Correu para casa. Achou em seu lugar
um monte de concreto e ferro. Parte do corpo de sua me, Tereza, estava esmagada
por uma laje e se misturava ao tom uniforme da poeira. Muitos sobreviventes
permaneceram sentados no meio-o. Prdios inteiros bloqueavam ruas. Corpos
inertes comeavam a ser colocados na rua.
Naquelas primeiras horas, Jojo andava sem rumo pelo bairro procura dos seis
irmos e do pai, Vivil. As labaredas dos incndios em alguns prdios eram a nica
fonte de iluminao em Porto Prncipe ps-terremoto. Mais e mais pessoas vagavam
sem rumo, tropeando no concreto e se desviando dos corpos.
Jojo perdeu a referncia de onde estava e seguia procurando um rosto familiar ou
amigvel. Rodou pelo bairro at a sede e a fome corroerem suas foras. Acabou por
se deitar junto com uma famlia de haitianos desabrigados como ele. Formara com
seus corpos um pequeno ninho na rua. No tinham nada para se cobrir, nada para
beber, nada para comer.
O saldo da tragdia naquele momento erra de, ao menos, 2 milhes de pessoas em
situao de emergncia, segundo a Minustah (Misso das Naes Unidas para a
Estabilizao no Haiti).
Um novo dia comeou antes de o sol nascer. O barulho da cidade sofrendo no
deixava ningum descasar. Alguns haitianos corriam atrs de um homem que
acabara de saquear uma casa. Conseguiram dominar o saqueador, amarraram suas
mos, bateram nele at ele parar de se mexer, tiraram sua roupa e atearam fogo em
seu corpo.
O saqueador foi deixado na rua com os outros mortos. Jojo viu tudo.
Ao longe um grupo de soldados de capacetes azuis abriu passagem para seus carros
no meio da mistura de concreto, ferro e asfalto. Os militares tambm cruzavam de um
lado para outro procura de seus mortos e feridos. Jojo correu at eles. Conseguiu
gua e sua primeira refeio depois do terremoto. A fora de Paz da ONU, liderada
pelos soldados brasileiros, contava suas baixas nas primeiras horas do desastre,
enquanto se preparava para atender aos milhares de atingidos pelo terremoto.
O menino seguiu os soldados que retornavam para a base brasileira. Viu uma pequena
multido de feridos e famintos se amontoarem na entrada do quartel da ONU.
Foi ali que Jojo se sentiu seguro e dormiu sua segunda noite, como mais um rfo da
tragdia que se abateu sobre o sei pas e com 220 mil mortos, segundo estimativas
incertas. Ao acordar no meio da confuso de atendimento das vtimas, ele conseguiu
um banho, comida, gua, um calo novo e uma camisa do Botafogo.
Duas semanas depois do abalo de 7,9 graus na escala Richter, grande parte
dos mortos havia sido recolhida das vias destrudas. Sobreviventes ainda eram
milagrosamente retirados com vida dos escombros.
Barracas de pano, plstico e madeira eram usadas como habitao pelos haitianos
que perderam suas casas. Quem no teve sua morada destruda tinha medo
dos vrios tremores menores que sucederam o primeiro e preferiam car na
rua. Os haitianos dormiam nas caladas em frente aos antigos endereos ou no
improvisados campos-abrigos.
Apesar do caos, no houve a temida exploso de violncia, mas, sim, crimes e
saques em pontos isolados. Os haitianos que conseguiram salvar alguma coisa
pegavam os tap-taps, carros do tipo lotao, para deixarem Porto Prncipe em
direo ao interior do pas.
Jojo Flerime Victor
A M | Bon Bagay 13
Jojo Flerime Victor, 10 years old, loves football. On that Tuesday afternoon the
Haitian boy was chasing after the ball in his daily play with the friends of his
street. He followed each movement of the ball eagerly, not minding his bare feet
and naked back. All he cared about was scoring a goal, aiming at the goalpost
improvised with bricks.
In the small football eld on the street Lyce Jean Marie-Vincent, in Port-au-Prince, the
almost at ball was kicked hither and tither. A little bit before 5 pm of that January
12, 2010, a loud noise stopped the match. Jojo looked up, for he assumed, in that rst
moment, it was a street lamp that had exploded. The thin asphalt was shaken once,
twice, and at the third time the oor rst disappeared from under his feet and then
threw him up to the sky. The Haitian boy felt like he was riding an angry horse.
The earth shook on. A dense and suffocating cloud covered the sky. The silence
didnt last long and gave place to screaming: Jesu, Bon Dieu. The faces of the
kids on the street were covered by a thin layer of monochromatic dust with red
llets of the blood that was owing down their heads.
Jojo remembers having started to cry. He run home. In its place he found a pile of concrete
and iron. Part of the body of his mother, Tereza, was crushed by a agstone and was lost
in the even hue of the dust. Many survivors remained seated on the curb. Entire buildings
blocked the streets and lifeless bodies began to be brought out from the rubble.
On those rst hours, Jojo wandered through the neighborhood in search of his
six brothers and his father. The ames of the res in some buildings were the only
source of lighting in the post quake Port-au-Prince. More and more people roamed
about, stumbling on the concrete and making their away among the dead bodies.
Jojo lost track of where he was and kept looking for a familiar or simply friendly
face. He roved around the neighborhood until thirst and hunger consumed his
strength. He ended up lying besides a Haitian family, displaced like him. They
formed together, with their own bodies, a small nest in the middle of the street. They
had nothing to cover themselves with, nothing to drink, nothing to eat.
The score of the tragedy on that moment was of at least 2 million people in an
emergency situation, according to the Minustah (United Nations Stabilization
Mission in Haiti).
A new day began before the sun rose again. The noise of suffering wouldnt let
anyone rest. Some Haitians were running after a man who had just pillaged. They
managed to overrun the looter, and then they tied his hands, beat him up until he
stopped moving, took off his clothes and set re to his body.
The looter was left on the street along-side the other dead bodies. Jojo saw it all.
At distance, a group of blue berets made way for their cars amid the mix of
concrete, iron and asphalt. The military were also running hither and tither searching
for their dead and injured. Jojo run after them and got water and his rst meal after
the earthquake. The UN peacekeeping force, led by the Brazilian soldiers, was
counting their casualties in the rst hours of the disaster while heading to assist the
thousands of quake-injured.
The little boy followed the soldiers that were going back to the Brazilian
headquarters. He saw a small crowd of wounded and starving people gathering at
the door of the UN quarter.
It was there that Jojo felt safe and spent the second night, another orphan of tragedy
that befell over his country and left 220 thousand deaths, according to uncertain
estimations. When waking up in the middle of the chaotic assistance to the victims,
he got a bath, food, water, a new short, and a Botafogo jersey (Botafogo is a
Brazilian football team).
Two weeks after the magnitude 7.9 quake, great part of the dead bodies had been
collected from the streets. Survivors were still being miraculously rescued alive from
the rubble.
Stalls made of fabric, plastic and wood would be used as dwelling by the Haitians
that had lost their homes. Whoever hadnt had their abode destroyed by the quake,
was afraid of several smaller aftershocks that came after the rst one and preferred
to stay on the street. Haitians were sleeping on the sidewalks in front of their former
addresses or in the improvised shelter-camps.
In spite of the general mayhem, the so feared violence explosion didnt happen.
There were only crimes and pillage in isolated points. The Haitians that managed to
save something got in the tap-taps, to leave Port-au-Prince and go upcountry.
Jojo Flerime Victor, 10 ans, aime le football. Un aprs-midi dun mardi, le garon
hatien chassait le ballon, ctait le jeu quotidien avec les amis de la rue ... Il
disputait avec les autres chaque pas sans donner aucune importance qui soit aux
pieds et aux dos nus. Il voulait seulement marquer un but, visant toujours au poteau
du but improvis avec des briques.
Au terrain pour le football de la rue Lyce Jean-Marie Vincent Port-au-Prince,
le ballon demi-creux passait de pied en pied. Juste avant les dix-sept heures
du 12 Janvier 2010, un fort bruit a arrt le match. Jojo regarda en haut, parce
quil pensait dabord quil sagissait dune explosion dans le rverbre. Le pav
secoua: une fois, deux fois, et la troisime fois le sol est disparu sous ses
pieds. Jojo saillit vers le haut. Le garon hatien a senti comme sil tait sur un
cheval fou.
La terre continuait trembler. Un nuage dense et suffocant couvrait le ciel. Le
silence a eu courte dure et a donn la place des cris : Jsus , Bon Dieu
. Le visage des enfants de la rue a t couvert par une ne couche de poussire
monochromatique teinte par les lets rouges du sang qui coulait de leur tte.
Jojo se souvint de commencer pleurer. Il courut chez lui. Il trouva au lieu de sa
demeure beaucoup de bton et de fer. Une partie du corps de sa mre, Tereza, a t
crase par une dalle et se mlait la couleur uniforme de la poussire. Nombreux
survivants restaient assis au bord du trottoir. Des immeubles entiers encombraient
les rues. On commenait y placer les corps inertes.
Dans ces premires heures, Jojo marchait sans but dans le quartier la recherche
de ses six frres et de son pre, Vivil. Les ammes des incendies dans quelques
btiments taient la seule source dclairage Port-au-Prince aprs le sisme. De
plus en plus de gens erraient sans but, trbuchant dans le bton et en esquivant des
corps.
Jojo perdit la rfrence de lendroit o il tait, et marchait la recherche dun visage
familier ou amical. Il roulait dans le quartier jusqu ce que la soif et de la faim
avaient corrods ses forces. Il nit par aller dormir avec une famille hatienne sans-
abri comme lui. Ils formaient avec leurs corps un petit nid dans la rue. Ils navaient
rien avec quoi se couvrir, rien boire, rien manger.
Les consquences de la tragdie ce moment-l taient dau moins 2 millions de
personnes dans une situation durgence, selon la MINUSTAH (Mission des Nations
unies pour la stabilisation en Hati).
Une nouvelle journe commence avant le lever du soleil. Le bruit de la ville qui
souffre ne laissait repos personne. Quelques Hatiens chassaient un homme qui
venait de piller une maison. Ils ont saisi laileron, attach ses mains, lont battu
jusqu ce quil ne bouge plus, ont t ses vtements et mis feu son corps.
Le voleur fut laiss dans la rue avec les autres morts. Jojo regarda tout .
Au loin, un groupe de soldats en casques bleus cde la place leurs voitures au
milieu du mlange de bton, de fer et dasphalte. Les militaires ont galement
travers dun ct lautre la recherche des morts et blesss. Jojo courut eux.
Il obtint de leau et son premier repas aprs le tremblement de terre. La force de
maintien de la paix des Nations Unies, dirige par des soldats de terre brsiliens,
recensait les victimes des premires heures de la catastrophe, alors quelle se htait
aider des milliers de personnes frappes par le tremblement de terre.
Le petit garon suivit les soldats qui retournaient la base brsilienne. IIl regarda
saccumuler une petite foule de blesss et affams lentre du sige de lONU.
Jojo sy sentait en scurit et il dormit l-bas sa deuxime nuit, comme un autre
orphelin de la tragdie qui sest abattue sur son pays et a fait 220 mille morts, selon
les estimations incertaines. Quand il sest rveill au milieu de la confusion daide
aux victimes, il a fait un bain, a reu de la nourriture, de leau, ainsi quun short neuf
et une chemise du Botafogo (club brsilien de football).
Deux semaines aprs le tremblement de terre de 7,9 degrs sur lchelle Richter,
la plupart des morts avaient dj t collects des routes dtruites. Des survivants
taient encore miraculeusement retirs vivants des dcombres.
Tentes de toile, de plastique et de bois taient utilises comme logement pour les
Hatiens qui avaient perdu leurs maisons. Qui navait pas eu sa maison dtruite
avait peur des nombreux petits tremblements qui ont suivi le premier et prfrait
rester dans les rues. Des Hatiens dormaient sur les trottoirs devant leurs anciennes
adresses ou dans les refuges improviss.
[em pedaos]
[in pieces]
[en morceau]
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[catedral]
[cathedral]
[cathdrale]
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[Palcio]
[Palace]
[palais]
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[Solido]
[loneliness]
[solitude]
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Marcas
marks
Stigmate
A M | Bon Bagay
Carole Gedeson, 40 anos, mora na regio de Cit Soleil, a mais violenta da capital
haitiana. Sua famlia de sete lhos e marido vive em um barraco de madeira de dois
cmodos com banheiro a cu aberto. O terremoto aumentou a vulnerabilidade da famlia
de Carole que vive com uma refeio diria e complementada com biscoito de barro
haitiano, que a mistura de terra, gua, manteiga e deixado ao sol para secar.
Exius Baptiste, 60 anos, um hugan ou um sacerdote vodu. Ele viu seu templo de
barro e madeira pintados de cor-de-rosa, na comunidade Bellanto cerca de 10 km de
Porto Prncipe, ser destrudo pelo abalo ssmico. Exius lder de sua comunidade, onde
recebia comida e dinheiro dos seus vizinhos em troca de conselhos, remdios naturais ou
cerimnias vodus. Com sua sade fraca devido a uma crise de presso alta e sentindo falta
de ar, o hugan se viu cercado por escombros do que antes era uma comunidade. Sua fonte
de rendas se esgotava com a falta de clientes. Os vizinhos do sacerdote vodu fugiram da
regio com medo que um novo terremoto atingisse a rea.
Como Carloe, Exius e os outros haitianos que caram em Porto Prncipe, a disputa era
agora por gua e comida em uma terra arrasada, rida e rude. A esperana desse povo
repousava nas doaes e na ajuda de governos estrangeiros. A Minustah (Misso das
Naes Unidas para a Estabilizao no Haiti) organizava, empunhando armamento, a
distribuio de comida nos bolses de refugiados. Homens e mulheres formavam las para
conseguir algum alimento. As crianas s recebiam biscoitos, pois, ao sarem da rea de
proteo dos soldados da ONU, eram roubados pelos adultos.
Carole Gedeson
Exius Baptiste
A M | Bon Bagay 53
Carole Gedeson, 40 years old, lives in Cit Soleil, the most violent region of the Haitian
capital. Her family, composed of seven children and her husband, lives in a two-room
wooden shack with an external open-air bathroom. The earthquake increased the
vulnerability of Caroles family, that lives on one daily meal complemented with the
Haitian mud biscuit, which is a mixture of earth, water and butter left in the sun to dry.
Exius Baptiste, 60 years old, is a Hugan, a voodoo priest. He watched his pink-painted
temple of mud and wood, in the Bellanto community, 10 km off Port-au-Prince, be
destroyed by the quake. Exius is a leader in his community, where he used to receive
food and money from his neighbors in exchange for advices, natural medicines or
voodoo ceremonies. Already in a poor state of health due to a hypertensive crisis and a
breathing problem, the Hugan found himself surrounded by the debris of what used to
be his community.
His source of income was drying because he was lacking customers. The voodoo priests
neighbors ed from the region fearing a new earthquake would hit the area.
For Carole and Exius and for all the others Haitians that remained in Port-au-Prince, the
struggle was now for water and food in a devastated, arid and inhospitable land. All the
hopes of this people rested on the donations and aid from foreign governments. The
armed soldiers of the Minustah (United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti) were in
charge of the distribution of food in the pockets of refugees. Men and women waited in
long lines to get some food. The children were allowed only crackers, because after they
left the area protected by the UN soldiers they risked being robbed by the adults.
The hard life in the Haitian capital city was forcing people upcountry. Packed Tap-Taps
left Port-au-Prince towards the inland, where death and hunger had not arrived yet
Carole Gedeson, 40 ans, vit dans le quartier de Cit Soleil, le plus violent de la capitale
hatienne. Sa famille compose de sept enfants et de son mari vivent dans une cabane
en bois deux chambres avec la salle de bains ciel ouvert. Le tremblement de terre a
augment la vulnrabilit de la famille de Carole qui vit avec un seul repas par jour, qui
nest accompagn que de biscuit de terre hatien, qui est un mlange de terre, de leau,
du beurre, laiss au soleil pour scher.
Exius Baptiste, 60 ans, est Hugan ou un prtre vaudou. Il a vu son temple dargile et de
bois peint de rose tre ravag par le sisme dans la communaut de Bellanto environ
10 kilomtres de Port-au-Prince. Exius est un leader de sa communaut, o il recevait
de la nourriture et de largent de leurs voisins en change de conseils, des mdicaments
naturels ou des crmonies vaudous. Ayant une mauvaise sant en raison dune crise
dhypertension artrielle et de lessoufement, le Hugan sest vu entour des dcombres
qui taient jadis sa communaut. Sa source de revenu soudain stait puis cause
du manque de clients. Voisins du prtre vaudou ont fui la zone dans la crainte quun
nouveau tremblement de terre frappe la rgion.
Comme pour Carole, Exius et autres Hatiens qui sont rests Port-au-Prince, les conits
taient maintenant cause de la nourriture et de leau dans une rgion dvaste, aride
et rude. Lespoir de ces gens tait les donations et laide des gouvernements trangers. La
MINUSTAH (Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Hati) organisait, armes
la main, la distribution de nourriture dans les poches des rfugis. Les hommes et les
femmes formaient des queues dattente pour obtenir un peu de nourriture. Les enfants
recevaient seulement des biscuits parce que, en quittant la rgion protge des soldats de
lONU, ils taient vols par des adultes.
La vie aride de la capitale hatienne poussait la population vers lintrieur. Vhicules
Tap-taps remplis de gens quittaient Port-au-Prince vers lintrieur, o la mort et la famine
ntaient pas encore arrives.
A M | Bon Bagay 55
[Carole]
[Carole]
[Carole]
[Exius]
[Exius]
[Exius]
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[saque]
[plundering]
[pillage]
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[marche de la croix]
[marche de la croix]
[marche de la croix]
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[vida continua]
[life continues]
[la vie continue]
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[medo noturno]
[nocturnal fear]
[crainte nocturne]
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[xodo]
[exodus]
[exode]
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bon bagay
bon bagay
bon bagay
Luto
s 20h do dia 19 de janeiro de 2010, uma cerimnia simples foi montada no ptio
do que restou do aeroporto de Porto Prncipe, capital do Haiti. A homenagem se dava
em noite fria, escura sem lua e sob a fraca iluminao de holofotes. O silncio da
pequena aglomerao que acompanhava o rito fazia retumbar os soluos e o fungar
de narizes. Duas leiras de militares posicionados esquerda, um avio de carga
frente e autoridades civis direita formavam os trs lados da moldura do ptio.
O ltimo lado do quadrado tinha 36 cavaletes de madeiras onde repousavam 18
caixes cobertos com a bandeira azul e branca das Naes Unidas e uma coroa de
ores. Os discursos foram breves e honrosos com o hino brasileiro tocado ao nal.
Vagarosamente, cada sarcfago foi rodeado por quatro militares vestidos de uniforme
verde oliva, boinas e lenos azuis. Eles ergueram os caixes pelas alas e, lentamente,
a escolta fez o caminho do ptio para dentro do avio de transporte. A cerimnia
fnebre foi para dar adeus aos militares do Exrcito brasileiro, que morreram no
terremoto do Haiti.
O desastre natural entrava para Histria brasileira como a maior baixa do Exrcito
desde a 2 Guerra Mundial. O Brasil tinha um grande contingente de soldados
no Haiti na misso da ONU (Organizao das Naes Unidas) de estabilizao e
de manuteno da paz no dia que o terremoto. A notcia que um desastre natural
ceifava vidas no Haiti abalou o mundo e o Brasil. Logo, o desespero, o choro e a
dor ouvidos no pas caribenho comeavam a ecoar entre os brasileiros, que tinham
familiares e amigos trabalhando no Haiti. A notcia da perda de vidas brasileiras logo
se conrmou.
A histria da misso brasileira no Haiti havia comeado em junho de 2004, quando a
ONU deniu um plano de ao para conter a grave crise social e estabilizar o Haiti.
O comando militar foi dado ao Brasil e foi considerada na poca a maior operao
fora do territrio nacional. O pas caribenho viva um perodo de grande insegurana
devido a instabilidade no governo haitiano e ausncia do Estado na prestao de
servios bsicos como segurana, educao e sade. As ruas das cidades do Haiti
e de sua capital, Porto Prncipe, eram dominadas por grupo rebeldes que tentavam
alcanar o poder e de gangues que retalhavam o pas.
A primeira parte da misso brasileira foi de pacicar as ruas haitianas com aes
de combate armado contra os grupos que agiam como bandidos na ausncia do
governo local. Bairros violentos como Cit de Soleil com suas ruas labirnticas foram
cenrios de confronto, onde os soldados brasileiros se engajaram em troca de tiros
com os bandidos da regio. Os conitos se estenderam por dois anos e, com a
queda do ltimo senhor da guerra de Porto Prncipe, a ONU pde dar seguimento
ao trabalho de estruturao do Haiti. A etapa seguinte estava no fortalecimento do
governo democrtico e na construo de infraestruturas do pas. A presena dos
soldados boinas azuis brasileiros dava segurana para essa nova parte de solidicao
democrtica. Porm, o terremoto recongurou o teatro da misso militar da ONU.
Os soldados brasileiros foram treinados para o tipo de operao em reas de conito
e de risco que as cidades haitianas apresentavam, mas o abalo ssmico de tal
magnitude surpreendeu todos. Aps o tremor, a ONU e o Exrcito brasileiro passaram
ao resgate dos soterrados, socorro aos feridos, manuteno da ordem pblica e
distribuio de comida e gua populao. As antigas patrulhas para captura de
gangues deu lugar para os comboios para entrega de alimentos que chegavam do
mundo, inclusive do Brasil. Os quartis militares passaram a base para o atendimento
dos desalojados e hospitais de campanha.
O terremoto afetou diretamente a vida de trs milhes de haitianos. O nmero
de mortos nunca ser sabido com preciso, mas a estimativa que tenha passado
de 220 mil pessoas. Entre as vidas perdidas, repousam os brasileiros coronel Joo
Eliseu Souza Zanin, coronel Emlio Carlos Torres dos Santos, tenente-coronel Marcus
Vinicius Macedo Cysneiros, major Mrcio Guimares Martins, major Francisco
Adolfo Vianna Martins Filho, tenente Bruno Ribeiro Mrio, tenente Cleiton Batista
Neiva, subtenente Raniel Batista de Camargos, sargento Davi Ramos de Lima,
sargento Leonardo de Castro Carvalho, sargento Rodrigo de Souza Lima, cabo
Douglas Pedrotti Neckel, cabo Ari Dirceu Fernandes Jnior, cabo Washington Luis de
Souza Seraphim, soldado Tiago Anaya Detimermani, soldado Kleber da Silva Santos,
soldado Antnio Jos Anacleto, soldado Felipe Gonalves Jlio, soldado Rodrigo
Augusto da Silva, diplomata Luiz Carlos da Costa e mdica Zilda Arns.
mourning
deuil
A M | Bon Bagay 101
At 8 p.m. of January 19, 2010, a simple ceremony was set in the tarmac of what
was left of the airport of Port-au-Prince, the capital city of Haiti. The homage took
place in a cold, dark, moonless night, under the feeble lighting of the spots. The
silence of the small gathering that participated in the rite made the the sobs and
snifng resonate. Two rows of military men placed on the left, a cargo plane on the
front, and civil authorities on the right, formed the three sides of the tarmac frame.
The fourth side of the square had 36 wooden chevalets where laid 18 open cofns
draped with the blue and white ag of the United Nations and, with ower garlands
on top. The speeches were brief and honorable, and the Brazilian anthem was
played at the end. Slowly, each casket was surrounded by four soldiers dressed in
olive-green uniforms,wearing blue berets and handkerchiefs. They raised the cofns
by the grips and slowly the escort walked through the tarmac into the cargo plane.
The memorial service was meant as a way of saying good-bye to the military of the
Brazilian Army that were killed in the earthquake in Haiti.
The natural disaster was passing into the Brazilian history as the largest number of
casualties of the Army since the Second World War. Brazil had a great contingent of
soldiers in Haiti on the UN stabilization and peacekeeping mission the day when
the earthquake stroke the island. The news that a natural disaster was reaping lives
in Haiti shook the world and Brazil.
Soon enough the despair, the crying and the pain that could be heard in the Caribbean
country began to echo among the Brazilians who had relatives and friends working in
Haiti. The news of Brazilians lives that had been lost was soon conrmed.
The history of the Brazilian mission in Haiti had begun in June 2004, when the UN
dened an action plan to tackle the severe social crisis and stabilize Haiti. Brazil
was given command over the mission, and it was considered at the time its greatest
operation outside national territory. The Caribbean country was going through a
period of major insecurity due to the instability of the Haitian Government and the
negligence of the government in providing basic services such as security, education
and health care. The streets of the towns of Haiti and of its capital, Port-au-Prince,
were dominated by rebel groups that were trying to rise to power, and by gangs that
were slashing the country.
The rst part of the Brazilian mission was to pacify the Haitian streets with actions
of armed combat against the groups that were acting like bandits in the absence of
the local government. Violent neighborhoods such as Cit Soleil, with its labyrinthine
streets, were the scenario of confrontations, where the Brazilian soldiers engaged in
gunghts with the bandits of the region. The conicts lasted for two years and, with
the fall of the last war lord of Port-au-Prince, the UN could proceed with the work
of structuring Haiti. The next step was to strengthen the democratic government and
the construction of infrastructure in the country. The presence of the Brazilian blue
berets gave the country security for this new stage of solidication of democracy.
However, the earthquake has changed the face of the military mission of the UN.
The Brazilian soldiers had been trained to operate in the kind of conict and risk
zones that the Haitian towns proved to be, but the quake of such a magnitude
caught everyone by surprise. After the tremor, the UN and the Brazilian Army
proceeded to rescue the trapped, assist the injured, ensure the rule of law, and
distribute food and water to the population. The former patrols for capturing gangs
were replaced by the convoys of food delivery that were arriving from every corner
of the world, including from Brazil. Military headquarters were turned into centers
for assistance of the displaced and eld hospitals.
The rst expression of the Creole that the Brazilians learn as soon as they set foot
in Haiti was Bon Bagay. These two words mean good friend, good fellow or good
thing, and are used in the beginning of every conversation or to get attention in a
chat. People used Bon Bagay as never before in the earthquake to ask for help, get
food and water, to cultivate a friendship with a thank you, or to sooth their suffering.
The earthquake affected directly the life of three millions of Haitians. The number
of casualties will never be precisely known, but it is estimated around more than
220 thousand people. Among the lives that were lost, rest the Brazilians colonel
Joo Eliseu Souza Zanin, colonel Emlio Carlos Torres dos Santos, lieutenant
colonel Marcus Vinicius Macedo Cysneiros, major Mrcio Guimares Martins,
major Francisco Adolfo Vianna Martins Filho, lieutenant Bruno Ribeiro Mrio,
lieutenent Cleiton Batista Neiva, sub-lieutenent Raniel Batista de Camargos,
sargent Davi Ramos de Lima, sargent Leonardo de Castro Carvalho, sargent
Rodrigo de Souza Lima, corporal Douglas Pedrotti Neckel, corporal Ari Dirceu
Fernandes Jnior, corporal Washington Luis de Souza Seraphim, private Tiago
Anaya Detimermani, private Kleber da Silva Santos, private Antnio Jos Anacleto,
private Felipe Gonalves Jlio, private Rodrigo Augusto da Silva, the diplomat Luiz
Carlos da Costa and the doctor Zilda Arns.
A vingt heures du 19 janvier 2010, une crmonie simple a t assemble dans la
cour de ce qui restait de laroport de Port-au-Prince, la capitale dHati. Lhommage
a t rendu dans la nuit froide, sombre sans lune et sous les projecteurs de faible
clairage. Le silence de la petite agglomration qui accompagnait le rite causait des
sanglots sonores et reniait le nez. Deux ranges de soldats positionns gauche,
un avion-cargo lavant droit et les autorits civiles formaient trois cts du cadre
de la terrasse. Le dernier ct du carr tait compos de 36 chevalets en bois o
reposaient 18 cercueils recouverts du drapeau bleu et blanc de lOrganisation des
Nations Unies et dune couronne. Les discours taient brefs et honorables avec
lhymne brsilien jou la n. Au ralenti, chaque cercueil tait entour de quatre
militaires en uniformes verts olive, des brets et des foulards bleus. Ils ont soulev
les cercueils par les poignes et lentement ont fait son chemin pour escorter la cour
dans le plan de transport. Lenterrement tait fait pour dire adieu aux hommes de
larme brsilienne, qui sont morts dans le sisme en Hati.
La catastrophe naturelle est inscrite lhistoire du Brsil comme ayant le plus grand
nombre dhommes morts depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le Brsil avait un
important contingent de soldats dans la mission de lONU en Hati (Organisation
des Nations Unies) de stabilisation et de maintien de la paix au jour du tremblement
de terre. Les nouvelles quune catastrophe naturelle tait des vies lHati ont
secou le monde et le Brsil. Aussitt le dsespoir, les pleurs et la douleur couts
dans le pays des Carabes ont commenc se rpandre parmi les Brsiliens, qui
avaient des familiales et des amis qui travaillaient en Hati. Les nouvelles de la perte
de vies brsiliens ont t vite conrmes.
Lhistoire de la mission brsilienne en Hati a commenc en juin 2004, lorsque
lONU a mis en place un plan daction pour arrter la crise sociale et stabiliser
lHati. Le commandement a t donn au Brsil, qui a pris charge lpoque de sa
plus grande opration en dehors du territoire national. Le pays des Carabes vivait
une priode de grande incertitude en raison de linstabilit dans le gouvernement
hatien et de labsence de ltat dans la fourniture des services de base tels quels
la scurit, lducation et la sant. Les rues des villes dHati et sa capitale Port-au-
Prince ont t domines tant par des groupes rebelles qui ont tent dobtenir le
pouvoir que par les gangs qui ruinaient le pays. La premire partie de la mission
brsilienne tait de pacier les rues hatiennes avec des actions de combat arm
contre les groupes qui travaillaient comme des bandits en labsence daction du
gouvernement local. Dans des quartiers violents comme Cit Soleil, avec ses rues
labyrinthiques, il y a eu des vritables scnes de confrontation, dans lesquelles
les soldats brsiliens se sont engags dans un change de tirs avec des bandits
de la rgion. Les conits ont dur deux ans et, avec la chute du dernier seigneur
de la guerre de Port-au-Prince, lONU pouvait alors procder aux travaux de
structuration de lHati. Ltape suivante en tait le renforcement dun gouvernement
dmocratique et la construction dinfrastructures dans le pays. La prsence des
casques bleus brsiliens amenait de la scurit pour cette nouvelle partie de la
solidication dmocratique. Toutefois, le tremblement de terre a recongur le
thtre de la mission militaire de lONU.
Les soldats brsiliens ont t entrans pour le type dopration dans les zones de
conit et de risque que les villes hatiennes avaient, mais le tremblement de terre
dune telle magnitude a surpris tous. Aprs le sisme, lONU et larme brsilienne
sont venus la rescousse, au secours des blesss, au maintien de lordre public et
la distribution de nourriture et deau pour la population. Les vieilles patrouilles
pour saisir des gangs a cd la place aux trains pour la livraison des aliments qui
arrivaient du monde entier, notamment du Brsil. Les casernes sont devenus la base
pour la prise en charge des sans-abri et des hpitaux de campagne.
La premire expression du crole que les Brsiliens apprenaient alors quils mettent
le pied en Hati ctait Bon bagay. Ces deux mots signient bon ami, bon peuple
ou bonne chose et sont utiliss au dbut de chaque conversation ou pour attirer
lattention. Bon bagay a t trs utilis dans lavnement du tremblement de terre
pour demander de laide, obtenir de la nourriture et de leau, cultiver une amiti,
parfois tait us simplement avec grce ou pour soulager la souffrance.
Le tremblement de terre a directement affect les vies de trois millions dHatiens.
Le nombre de morts ne sera jamais connu avec prcision, mais on en estime
plus de 220 mille personnes. Parmi les pertes en vies humaines, on compte le
Colonel brsilien Joo Eliseu Souza Zanin, colonel Emlio Carlos Torres dos Santos,
Lieutenant-colonel Marcus Vinicius Macedo Cysneiros, commandant Mrcio
Guimares Martins, commandant Francisco Adolfo Vianna Martins Filho, Lieutenant
Bruno Ribeiro Mrio, Lieutenent Cleiton Batista Neiva, Sous-Lieutenant Raniel
Batista de Camargos, Sargent Davi Ramos de Lima, Sargent Leonardo de Castro
Carvalho, Sargent Rodrigo de Souza Lima, Caporal Douglas Pedrotti Neckel,
Caporal Ari Dirceu Fernandes Jnior, Caporal Washington Luis de Souza Seraphim,
Soldat Tiago Anaya Detimermani, Soldat Kleber da Silva Santos, Soldat Antnio
Jos Anacleto, Soldat Felipe Gonalves Jlio, Soldat Rodrigo Augusto da Silva,
Diplomate Luiz Carlos da Costa et le medcin Zilda Arns.
[luto]
[mourning]
[deuil]
A M | Bon Bagay 103
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[segurana]
[security]
[scurit]
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A M | Bon Bagay 115
[flas]
[lines]
[chanes]
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[bon bagay]
[bon bagay]
[bon bagay]
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A M | Bon Bagay 139
O fotojornalista Alan Marques nasceu em Braslia, onde cursou administrao e jornalismo. Fez tambm MBA em
marketing na Fundao Getlio Vargas. A paixo pela fotograa vem de famlia, uma vez que cresceu rodeado
pelas mquinas fotogrcas de seus irmos, tambm fotojornalistas, Paulo, Srgio e Lula Marques. Comeou como
laboratorista no jornal O Globo em 1992. Em 1994, inicia a carreira de reprter fotogrco no Jornal de Braslia.
Atualmente, trabalha na sucursal de Braslia da Folha de S. Paulo, na qual entrou em 1997.
Vencedor de vrios prmios internacionais e nacionais em fotojornalismo e jornalismo, Alan tambm autor de
dois livros. Caadores de Luz Histrias de Fotojornalismo, escrito junto com seus irmos, Lula e Srgio Marques
e lanado em 2008. Neste, os trs narram como conseguiram algumas das principais fotograas de suas carreira.
E a outra obra Nunca Antes Uma viagem em 88 fotos pela Era Lula, livro lanado em 2011, que conta a histria
do momento poltico brasileiro durante a eleio e os dois mandatos do presidente Lula e a eleio de sua
candidata Presidncia da Repblca, Dilma Rousseff.
Le photojournaliste Alan Marques est n Brasilia, o il a tudi le journalisme et ladministration. Il a fait aussi un
MBA en marketing la Fundao Getlio Vargas. La passion pour la photographie est un partage de famille, une
fois quil a grandi entour des camras de ses frres, qui sont aussi des photojournalistes, savoir, Paulo, Srgio
et Lula Marques. Il a commenc ses activits comme technicien de laboratoire dans le quotidien O Globo en
1992. En 1994, il commence sa carrire de photojournaliste dans le Jornal de Brasilia. Ds 1997 il travaille dans la
branche de Brasilia du journal Folha de S. Paulo.
Laurat de plusieurs prix internationaux et nationaux de photojournalisme et de journalisme, Alan est galement
lauteur de deux livres: Caadores de Luz Histrias de Fotojornalismo, crit avec ses frres, Srgio et Lula
Marques, et sorti en 2008. Les trois frres y racontent comment ils ont fait certaines des photographies les plus
importantes de leur carrire. Et lautre livre Nunca antes Uma viagem em 88 fotos pela Era Lula, publi en
2011, raconte lhistoire du moment politique au Brsil pendant les scrutins prsidentiels de 2002 et 2006 et les
deux mandats du prsident Lula, ainsi que le scrutin de 2010, auquel a particip sa candidate prsidentielle,
Dilma Rousseff.
Photojournalist Alan Marques was born in Braslia (Brazil), where he studied business management and
journalism. He also got a Marketing MBA at Fundao Getlio Vargas (Getlio Vargas Foundation). His passion for
photography runs in the family, since he grew up surrounded by the cameras of his brothers, Paulo, Srgio and Lula
Marques, who are also photojournalist. He began his career as photography lab technician at the newspaper O
Globo, in 1992. In 1994, he started working as a reporter and photographer at the paper Jornal de Braslia. Since
1997 he has worked at the local branch of the paper Folha de So Paulo in Braslia.
Awarded several international and national prizes for photojournalism and journalism, Alan has also published two
books. The rst one, Caadores de Luz Histrias de Fotojornalismo (Light Hunters Stories of Photojournalism),
written together with his brothers Lula and Srgio Marques was published in 2008. In this work, the three authors
narrate how they got some of the most important photos of their careers. The other book, Nunca Antes Uma
viagem em 88 fotos pela Era Lula (Never before A journey in 88 photos through the Lula Era), put out in 2011,
tells the story of the Brazilian political momentum during both the election and the two mandates of president
Lula, as well as of the election of his candidate to the Presidency, Dilma Rousseff.
Atrs da
Lente
Behind the lens
Derrire lobjectif
Bon Bagay
No Haiti, Bon Bagay impossvel de traduzir.
Em janeiro de 2010, com o trauma do terremoto ainda fresco, jornalistas brasileiros
enviados ao pas tentvamos explicar o que signicavam aquelas palavras
onipresentes. Algum um dia arriscou sangue bom, e houve um consenso de que
era o mais perto a que conseguiramos chegar.
Mas sangue bom no d conta de denir essa expresso do creole, a lingua
remotamente derivada do francs que falada na ilha caribenha. Bon Bagay est na
boca dos haitianos dia e noite, como uma saudao a um estrangeiro, um chamado
fraterno a um amigo, um suspiro de esperana ou um grito de decepo.
Talvez por isso, melhor do que tentar traduzir entender visualmente o que se
poderia chamar de um certo esprito Bon Bagay, que naqueles dias dramticos
aps a tragdia rondou o Haiti to intensamente. As fotos de Alan Marques
oferecem uma janela.
Para registrar seus agrantes, ele rodou freneticamente pelo Haiti em garupas de
motocas. Passou horas dentro de carros calorentos esperando o trnsito serpentear
por entre destroos. Trouxe de volta um retrato precioso do tremor que matou de
200 a 300 mil pessoas e destruiu grande parte de um pas j miservel.
Numa favela de Porto Prncipe, uma senhora junta lama e farinha para fazer
uma torta. Em um acampamento improvisado em frente ao palcio presidencial
arruinado, um microempreendedor trabalha em um salo de beleza a cu aberto.
Na primeira luz do dia, tropas da fora de paz brasileira, ainda sob o trauma de
terem perdido 18 colegas no tremor, distribuem gua e alimentos.
Eram eles, os militares, quem mais ouviam pelas ruas os gritos de Bon Bagay!,
desta vez com exclamao, signicando obrigado, v em frente, nos ajude.
Impossvel traduzir.
Frequently used in Haiti, Bon Bagay is an expression that is impossible to translate.
In January 2010, with the trauma caused by the earthquake still recent, we,
the Brazilian journalists sent to that country, were trying to explain what those
ubiquitous words meant. One day one of us risked good fellow (sangue bom),
and we all agreed that this was as close as we could get to.
But good fellow doesnt comprehend the full denition of this expression of
the Creole, the language remotely derived from the French that is spoken in the
Caribbean island. Bon Bagay is on the Haitians lips day and night, as a greeting
to a foreigner, a fraternal call to a friend, a hopeful sigh, or a cry
of disappointment.
Maybe because of that, better than trying to translate it is trying to visually
understand what could be called a certain Bon Bagay spirit, that roamed around
Haiti so intensely on those dramatic days right after the tragedy. The photos of Alan
Marques offer us a window to this visual apprehension.
In order to register his caught-in-act photos, he wandered frenetically throughout
Haiti on backseats of motorbikes. He spent several hours inside stuffy hot cars
waiting for the trafc to start meandering among the wreckage. And he brought
back a precious portrait of the tremor that killed about 200 and 300 thousand
people and destroyed a great part of an already miserable country.
In a shantytown of Port-au-Prince, a woman gathers mud and our to make a pie.
In an improvised camping in front of the ruined presidential palace, a small-scale
entrepreneur works in an open-air barber shop. On the rst light of day, troops of
the Brazilian peacekeeping force, still under the trauma of having lost 18 fellows in
the quake, are distributing water and supplies.
It was them, the military, who most heard the cries of Bon Bagay! through the
streets, this time followed by an exclamation, meaning thank you, keep going,
help us. It is impossible to translate.
En Hati, Bon bagay est impossible de traduire.
En janvier 2010, avec le trauma du tremblement de terre encore frais, nous, les
journalistes brsiliens, avions t envoys au pays pour essayer dexpliquer ce que
ces mots omniprsents voulaient dire. Quelquun avait risqu une fois bonne
chose et il y avait un consensus que ctait le plus proche de la prcision
smantique que nous pourrions atteindre.
Maisbonne chose ne suft pas dnir cette expression du crole, la langue
drive du franais qui est parle dans cette le des Carabes. Bon bagay est jour
et nuit dans le vocabulaire courant des Hatiens comme un salut un tranger, un
appel fraternel un amical, un soufe despoir ou un cri de dception.
Peut-tre, plutt que dessayer de traduire, il vaut mieux comprendre visuellement
ce que lon pourrait appeler un certain esprit bon bagay, qui a frquent ces
jours intenses et dramatiques de laprs-tragdie de lHati. Les photos dAlan
Marques y proposent une fentre.
Pour enregistrer les photos, il a couru frntiquement travers lHati larrire
des motos. Il a pass des heures en attendant dans les voitures chaudes du
trac que faisait des mandres parmi les dbris. Il a rapport un prcieux tableau
du sisme qui a tu de 200 300 mille personnes et a dtruit une grande partie
dun pays dj misrable.
Dans un bidonville de Port-au-Prince, une dame mlange de la boue et de la farine
pour en faire une tarte. Dans un camp improvis devant le palais prsidentiel en
ruines, un petit entrepreneur travaille dans un salon de beaut ouvert. Le matin ds
laube, les soldats des troupes brsiliennes, encore sous le trauma davoir perdu 18
collgues dans le sisme, font la distribution deau et de nourriture.
Ctaient eux, de larme, qui entendaient le plus dans les rues : Bon bagay !,
cette fois lexclamation qui signiait merci , aller avant, aidez-nous.
Impossible de traduire.
Te struggle at Haiti after the earthquake | La lutte lHati aprs le tremblement de terre
www.bonbagay.com.br www.alanmarques.com.br
Patrocnio: Apoio: Realizao: