Back To The Basics

UNIX SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION

IBM
HP

Chris Richards Kris Robertson
Systems Engineer Systems Engineer
UNIX SYSTEM
ADMINISTRATION
System Performance

File System Layout

Twists on Popular Commands
System Performance
IBM AIX
Resource Allocation
Memory
Disk
Processor


System Performance
IBM AIX - Resource Allocation
Memory
lsattr El sys0 a realmem F value
1572864 (divide by 1024) = 1536 MB
lsps a
Page Space Phys Vol Vol Group Size %Used Active Auto Type
paging01 hdisk5 rootvg 768MB 43 yes yes lv
paging00 hdisk0 rootvg 768MB 43 yes yes lv
hd6 hdisk0 rootvg 1264MB 26 yes yes lv
System Performance
IBM AIX - Resource Allocation
Disk
lsdev -Ccdisk
hdisk0 Available 10-60-00-8,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk1 Available 10-60-00-9,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk2 Available 10-60-00-10,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk3 Available 10-60-00-11,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk4 Available 10-60-00-12,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk5 Available 10-70-00-8,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk6 Available 10-70-00-10,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk7 Available 10-70-00-12,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
System Performance
IBM AIX - Resource Allocation
Disk
lspv
hdisk0 00606423e3ac1c20 rootvg
hdisk1 00606423e32c8095 datavg
hdisk2 00606423c068a36f datavg
hdisk3 00606423e32db123 datavg
hdisk4 00606423e32db5a3 datavg
hdisk5 00606423593ea185 rootvg
hdisk6 0060642310c6084c datavg
hdisk7 006064230b830f92 datavg
System Performance
IBM AIX - Resource Allocation
Processor
lsdev Ccprocessor
proc0 Available 00-00 Processor
proc1 Available 00-01 Processor
proc2 Available 00-02 Processor
proc3 Available 00-03 Processor
System Performance
IBM AIX - Resource Allocation
df k
Filesystem 1024-blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 65536 17104 74% 4497 14% /
/dev/hd2 1073152 120388 89% 33572 13% /usr
/dev/hd9var 172032 32256 82% 4092 10% /var
/dev/hd3 32768 27484 17% 190 3% /tmp
/dev/hd1 827392 73284 92% 33422 17% /home
/dev/rd 2064384 945176 55% 24610 5% /rd
/dev/db 9732096 858276 92% 1521 1% /db
System Performance
IBM AIX
Monitor Usage:
Vmstat command
Memory and CPU usage
Iostat command
Input/output disk usage
System Performance
IBM AIX - Monitor Usage
vmstat [interval [count]]

# vmstat 2 3
kthr memory page faults cpu
----- --------------- -------------------------- --------------- ---------------
r b avm fre re pi po fr sr cy in sy cs us sy id wa
0 0 393459 126 0 0 0 15 42 0 181 420 149 6 4 89 1
1 1 393782 172 0 2 49 214 313 0 774 4046 833 5 8 86 2
0 1 393814 224 0 2 11 62 97 0 756 2481 811 9 4 85 2

System Performance
IBM AIX - Monitor Usage
iostat [interval [count]]
# iostat 2 3
ty: tin tout avg-cpu: % user % sys % idle % iowait
631.7 6724.1 3.6 5.2 88.9 2.2

Disks: % tm_act Kbps tps Kb_read Kb_wrtn
hdisk2 6.5 46.4 9.0 0 93
hdisk3 16.5 201.2 32.0 88 315
hdisk4 5.5 46.4 9.0 0 93
hdisk0 30.5 171.3 30.5 32 311
hdisk1 1.5 6.0 1.5 0 12
cd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
System Performance
HP-UX
Resource Allocation:
Memory
dmesg
swapinfo
Disk
ioscan fnC disk
SAM
Processor
ioscan fnC processor
System Performance
HP-UX
Memory:
dmesg

Memory Information:
physical page size = 4096 bytes, logical page size = 4096 bytes
physical: 524288 Kbytes, lockable: 364376 Kbytes, available:
422964 Kbytes

If dmesg fails, page through
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log

System Performance
HP-UX
Memory:
swapinfo -mt

Mb Mb Mb PCT START/ Mb
TYPE AVAIL USED FREE USED LIMIT RESERVE PRI NAME
dev 1024 90 934 9% 0 - 1 swaplv
dev 1000 0 1000 0% 0 - 2 swaplv2
reserve - 713 -713
memory 358 219 139 61%
total 2382 1022 1360 43% - 0 -
System Performance
HP-UX
Disk
ioscan fnC disk
Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description
======================================================
disk 0 0/0/1/1.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE SEAGATE ST318404LC
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0
disk 3 0/0/2/0.2.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE SEAGATE ST118202LC
/dev/dsk/c2t2d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t2d0
disk 4 0/0/2/1.2.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HP DVD-ROM 32x
/dev/dsk/c3t2d0 /dev/rdsk/c3t2d0
System Performance
HP-UX
Disk
SAM / Disks & Filesystems / Disk Devices
Hardware Number Volume Total
Path of Paths Use Group Mbytes Description
0/0/1/1.0.0 1 Unused -- 17366 SEAGATE ST318404LC
0/0/2/0.2.0 1 LVM vg00 17366 SEAGATE ST118202LC
0/0/2/0.3.0 1 LVM vg01 17366 IBM DMVS18D
0/0/2/1.2.0 1 CDFS -- 139 HP DVD-ROM 32x

System Performance
HP-UX
Processor
ioscan fnC processor

Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description
======================================================
processor 0 160 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor
processor 1 166 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor

System Performance
HP-UX Command Line
bdf
vgdisplay
lvdisplay


System Performance
HP-UX Command Line
bdf
Filesystem kbytes used avail %used Mounted on
/dev/vg00/lvol3 143360 81356 58187 58% /
/dev/vg00/lvol1 83733 36922 38437 49% /stand
/dev/vg00/lvol7 1024000 492313 498544 50% /var
/dev/vg00/lvol6 1024000 689075 314051 69% /usr
/dev/vg01/test 10240000 3801802 6237802 38% /test
/dev/vg01/rd 4096000 1687084 2258385 43% /rd
/dev/vg01/db 3072000 731001 2198515 25% /db
System Performance
HP-UX Command Line
vgdisplay [-v] vg01
...
PE Size (Mbytes) 4
Total PE 17360
Alloc PE 15000
Free PE 2360

use -v option to see disk and logical
volume details for volume group
System Performance
HP-UX Command Line
lvdisplay [-v] /dev/vg01/db
LV Size (Mbytes) 3000
Current LE 750
Allocated PE 750
Stripes 0
Stripe Size (Kbytes) 0
Use v option to see details regarding
disk layout of logical volume

System Performance
HP-UX
Monitor Usage:
vmstat command
Memory and CPU usage
iostat command
Input/output disk usage
sar -v command
Kernel parameters


System Performance
HP-UX
vmstat [interval [count]]
# vmstat 3 2
procs memory page
faults cpu
r b w avm free re at pi po fr de sr in
sy cs us sy id
0 0 0 138582 4968 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 453
335 115 1 0 99
0 0 0 138582 4917 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 446
369 133 1 1 98
System Performance
HP-UX
vmstat [interval [count]]
# vmstat 3 2
procs memory page faults cpu
------------ ---------------- --------------------------------- ---------------- -----------
r b w avm free re at pi po fr de sr in sy cs us sy id
0 0 0 138582 4968 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 453 335 115 1 0 99
0 0 0 138582 4917 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 446 369 133 1 1 98
System Performance
HP-UX
iostat [interval [count]]
# iostat 3 2
device bps sps msps
c1t2d0 481 62.0 1.0
c5t0d0 568 71.8 1.0
c5t1d0 650 79.9 1.0
c5t2d0 622 76.5 1.0
c5t8d0 401 48.0 1.0
System Performance
HP-UX
sar -v [interval [count]]
# sar -v 3 2
14:08:17 text-sz ov proc-sz ov inod-sz ov file-sz ov
14:08:20 N/A N/A 118/2000 0 1064/9000 0 14065/18000 0
14:08:23 N/A N/A 118/2000 0 1064/9000 0 14063/18000 0
file-sz correlates to nfile kernel
parameter and is a hard limit
System Performance
IBM AIX/HP-UX
Sizing your system:
Memory
- ((5 * #chui) + (10 * #gui) + Dbbuffers + (17 *
#app)) * 1.25%os
- Dbbuffers = greater of 100MB or existing -B
Processor
75 users per processor
Disks
35 to 40 users per spindle
File System Layout

SX.e Application

/rd filesystem

/db filesystem
File System Layout

SX.e Application
/rd filesystem
./bin ./marc
./src ./dlc
./cust ./tmp
./exec ./install
File System Layout

SX.e DataBase
/db filesystem
Databases
Sort space

Twists On Popular Commands
Basic Unix Commands (AIX/HP-UX)
Who command
Whence, which, type command
List Command
ls, ls lt, ls ld, ls -la


Twists On Popular Commands
Basic Unix Commands (AIX/HP-UX)
Who command
-b
. system boot Aug 27 05:55
-u
kbaker pts/438 Sep 04 08:15 0:07 244818 (kbaker.nxtrend.c)
aluciani pts/439 Sep 04 08:15 . 300126 (adenison.nxtrend)
crichard pts/303 Sep 04 11:59 . 80342 (crichard.nxtrend)
crichard pts/395 Sep 04 11:59 2:51 272704
whoami
who am I


Twists On Popular Commands
Basic Unix Commands (AIX/HP-UX)
Whence, Which, Type Command
First, what is your path: echo $PATH
/usr/bin:/bin:/etc:/usr/vsifax3/bin:/home/crichard/bi
n:/rd/bin:/usr/bin/custom:/usr/bin/adm:/etc:/usr/sbin/usr/
ucb:/home/crichard/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/sbin:.
type sxe
sxe is /rd/bin/sxe
which sxe
/rd/bin/sxe

Twists On Popular Commands
Basic Unix Commands (AIX/HP-UX)
list command
# ls -lt
-rw-r--r-- 1 crichard staff 2199 Aug 28 11:43 smit.log
-rwxr-xr-x 1 crichard staff 340 Aug 22 11:06 nxtedit
drwxr-xr-x 2 crichard staff 512 Aug 21 10:18 testlink
-r--r--r-- 1 crichard staff 8693 Aug 18 07:33 backup.full
-r--r--r-- 1 crichard staff 8462 Aug 18 07:33 backup.data
-rwxr--r-- 1 crichard staff 117 Aug 14 08:31 ping.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 crichard staff 201 Jul 26 10:57 smoo

Twists On Popular Commands
Basic Unix Commands (AIX/HP-UX)
list command
ls ld
drwxrwxrwx 12 crichard staff 2560 Aug 22 11:06 .
ls ld testlink
drwxr-xr-x 2 crichard staff 512 Aug 21 10:18 testlink
ls la
drwxrwxrwx 12 crichard staff 2560 Aug 22 11:06 .
drwxr-xr-x 562 root bin 1264 Aug 19 13:59 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 crichard staff 5 Apr 26 15:18 .UAP
-rw-r--r-- 1 crichard system 710 Mar 17 09:20 .facet
-rw-r--r-- 1 crichard system 601 Mar 21 11:36 .profile

Back To The Basics
This has been a presentation of the
Kris and Chris show. Thanks for
watching and stay tuned for more
exciting programming.

QUESTIONS ? ? ?
Back To The Basics
UNIX SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
IBM
HP

Chris Richards Kris Robertson
Systems Engineer Systems Engineer