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Reading Guide:
Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in
the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
scientist
1/3
• Leviathan (1651)
• What is Hobbes' argument for absolutism?
The Enlightenment
Husband-wife teams
Francesco Alagarotti
• Newtonianism for Ladies (1737)
Continuing Superstition
Witch-Hunts and Panic
• maleficium
Village Origins
2/3
Influence of the Clergy
Who were the witches?
Review Questions
1. What did Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton each contribute to the scientific revolution?
Which do you think make the most important contributions and why? What did Francis Bacon contribute to the
foundation of scientific thought? 2. How would you define the term scientific revolution? In what ways was
it truly revolutionary? Which is more enduring, a political revolution or an intellectual one? 3. What were the
differences between the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke? How did each view human
nature? Would you rather live under a government designed by Hobbes or Locke? Why? 4. Why were women
unable to participate fully in the new science? How did family relationships help some women become
involved in the advance of natural philosophy? 5. Why did the Catholic Church condemn Galileo? How did
Pascal seek to reconcile faith and reason? How did English natural theology support economic expansion? 6.
How do you explain the phenomena of witchcraft and witch-hunts in an age of scientific enlightenment? Why
did the witch panics occur in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries? How might the Reformation
have contributed to them?
3/3