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37...............................................................................................................:
K 38........................:
-1 40...................................................................................................if :
if 41.......................................................................
-2 41....................................................................................if-else:
41................................................................................
eles-if 42................................................................
-3 : if else if
42.........................................................................................
-4 48.............................................................................................switch:
switch 49............................................................
52..........................................................................................................:
-1 52....................................................................................................for
for 53....................................................................:
-2 53.................................................................................................while
-3 53............................................................................................do while
do-while 54..............................................................
break 58.......................................................................................continue:
59.........................................................................................................:
60.................................................
62................................................................................................pointers :
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index 66......................................................................:
69..................................................................................................................
return datatype 71.................................................................return :
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C++ cource,e-book 2
24
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compile
26
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:
j
this is my first programme
//generate some simple output
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
; cout<<"this is my first programme"<<endl
}
:
j
:
-1
) (>#include<iostream.h
29
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)(;statments
}
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cpp
head files h
3
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//adde any comment you want here
:
Learn c++ E-book 3
30
my name is ahmad .
i'm a student Press any key
-4 cout .
K
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Cout<< test here
>#include <iostream.h
mainj } { .- K
31
. j
:
j j .
j
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//declaring variables
>#include <iostream.h
)( void main
{
;char name
;int age
cout <<enter the first letter of your
; name .please!<<endl
; cin>>name
; cout <<how old are you ?<<endl
;cin>>age
cout <<the first letter of your name
; <<name<<---your age is <<age<<endl
}
my name is ahmad .
i'm a student Press any key
32
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int float char
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33
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Boolean variable 0 1
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>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
;bool test1,test2
;test1=true
;test2=false
<<cout<<test1= <<test1
;test2=<<test2<<endl
test1=1
test2=0
press any key to continue.
j
- -
34
35
36
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
;int x,y
;cout<<"enter 2 numbers "<<endl
;cin>>x>>y
;)bool isequal=(x==y
;cout<<isequal<<endl
;)isequal=equal(x,y
)if(isequal
;cout<<"equal"<<endl
else
;cout<<"not equal"<<endl
}
enter 2 numbers
6
3
0
not equal
Press any key to continue
------------------------------------------enter 2 numbers
3
3
1
equal
Press any key to continue
1 0
if equal
not equal
:
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cout
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37
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//using Assignment
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
; int min,hour,second
; char time
;'hour=4;min=51;second=52;time=' p
cout <<"now it is
"<<hour<<":"<<min<<":"<<second<<"."<<time
;<<endl
}
now it is 4:51:52.p
Press any key to continue
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logical operation
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Relational operators
a==b
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&&
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40
:
j 160
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if
>#include<iostream.h
)( void main
{
; cout <<"how tall are you ?"<<endl
; int tall
; cin>>tall
)if(tall<=160
cout <<"sorry you can't enter. you are under
; 160 c.m"<<endl
else
; cout<<"welcom !!"<<endl
}
41
if(condition)
statement
if(condition)
{
block of statements
}
if
if
End if
:if-else -2
if (condition )
statement
else
statement
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{
block of statements
else
{
block of statements
}
42
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statement1
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statement2
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statement3
43
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block of statements1
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else
{
block of statements3
}
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44
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break r=a+b=9+5
break r=a*b=5*9:
.switch
:switch -4
switch(expretion)
{
case value 1 : statement1;
break ;
case value 2 : statemen2;
break ;
case value n : statementn;
break;
}
49
switch
Case 1
Case1 body
Case2 body
Case 2
defualt body
defualt
End switch
19
:
default switch
:
50
switch(operation)
{
case'+':r=a+b;
break ;
case'*':r=a*b;
break;
case'/':r=a/b;
break;
case'-':r=a-b;
break;
default : cout <<this operation is not supported<<endl ;
}
:
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51
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Press any key to continue
52
:
:
for -1
:
for(first value;condition ; increas or decreas)
{
statement/s
}
53
for :
for
for
-2 while
:
)while(condition
{
;statement/s
increas or decreas
}
-3 do while
do
{
statement/s
increas or decreas
}
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54
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while
55
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56
57
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g
Press any key to continue
//continue statement
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
for(char a='a';a<='g';a++)
{
if(a=='b')
continue;
cout<<a<<endl ;
}
}
:
if(a=='b')
.
58
:
j 1 5
:break
//using break statement
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
;int a=1
)for(a=a;a<6;a++
{
)if(a==6
;break
; cout<<a<<endl
}
}
1
2
3
4
5
Press any key to continue
break :continue
break continue .
break .switch, for , while ,do while
59
break
End loop
continue ) switch
continue (switch
12 18
;continue
:
:
60
-1 :
var1.var2,var3
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-2 :
100
100
100 .
;int a[4]={1,2,3,4},temp
)for(int i=0;i<3;i++
{
)for(int j=0;j<3-i;j++
{
)]if(a[j]<a[j+1
{
;]temp=a[j
;]a[j]=a[j+1
;a[j+1]=temp
}
}
}
61
i j
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0<i<3
i++
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j++
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j=2
2
j=0
j=1
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4
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62
i=2
4
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j=2
2
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: pointers
0 ] arr[0 1
:
.
.
; pointee_datatype *pointername
* ;
63
:
.
:
-1 :
* j :
;int a=5
;int *p=&a
;cout<<*p<<endl
:
5
-2 :dynamic allocate
j
new
: delete
:new
64
pointee_datatype *pointername ;
pointername=new datatype[size];
: delete
Delete pointername;
new delete
.
:
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int nwsize;
cout<<"enter the size : \n";
cin>>nwsize;
int *ptr;
ptr=new int[nwsize];
*ptr=5;
cout<<"test(1)befor delete:"<<*ptr<<endl;
delete ptr;
cout<<"test(2)after delete:"<<*ptr<<endl;
}
? new
65
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
;int nwsize
;"cout<<"enter the size : \n
;cin>>nwsize
;int *ptr
;]ptr=new int[nwsize
)for(int i=0;i<nwsize;i++
{
;*(ptr+i)=2*i
}
)for(int j=0;j<nwsize;j++
{
;cout<<*(ptr+j)<<endl
}
}
)&(
j
:
//adress operator
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
;int var=5
cout<<"the memory adress of this
;variable is :"<<&var<<endl
}
66
index :
:
=
:
arr=&arr
)*(1024+0
)*(1024+5
index
]arr[0
K .
:
67
68
69
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
;}int arr[5]={1,2,3,4,5
;int *ptr=arr
)for(int i=0;i<5;i++
{
;"cout<<arr[i]<<"\t
}
;"cout<<"\n\n\n
;cout<<"now !!! reading array element using pointers"<<endl
)for(int j=0;j<5;j++
{
;"cout<<*(arr+j)<<"\t
}
;cout<<endl
////ptr=arr=&arr
)for(int k=0;k<5;k++
{
;"cout<<*(ptr+k)<<"\t
}
;cout<<endl
]cout<<*arr<<endl;//=arr[0
]cout<<arr<<endl;//=&arr[0
cout<<&arr<<endl;//arr=&arr
}
):( functions
j
j
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:
j
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:
70
//
; ) (Return datatype function name
)(Void main
{
.
.
; ) (function name
.
.
}
main :
//
)(Return datatype Function name
{
;return
}
)(Void main
{
.
.
; ) (function name
.
.
}
71
:
.
3
Press any key to continue
>#include<iostream.h
void type(char a,int n)//
{
)for(int i=0;i<n;i++
;"cout<<a<<"\n
}
)(void main
{
;char a;int b
;cout<<"enter(char,number)"<<endl
;cin>>a>>b
type(a,b);//
}
)enter(char,number
72
ASCII
#include<iostream.h>
char typechar(char a)
{
return a;
}
void main()
{
char a,b;
cout<<"enter first char and final
char\n";
cin>>a>>b;
for(char i=a;i<=b;i++)
cout<<typechar(i);
}
:
:
y z
w= 45
z y
#include<iostream.h>
int calc(int y,int z)
{
if(y*z>0)
return z-y;
else if(y*z<0)
return y-z;
else if(y*z==0)
return 45;
}
void main()
{
int y,z;
cout<<"enter (y,z)\n"<<endl;
cin>>y>>z;
cout<<calc(y,z)<<endl;
}
: y.z0
: y.z=0
: y.z0
enter (y,z)
3
6
3
Press any key to continue
73
:
:
.
:
.
19 34
header file :
add
>#include<iostream.h
;)int add(int,int
)(void main
{
;int a,b
;"cout<<"enter 2 numbers ?please!\n
;cin>>a>>b
;cout<<"result:"<<add(a,b)<<endl
}
)int add(int a,int b
{
;return a+b
}
add :
6 learncpp
74
add.cpp -1
Int add(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
main.cpp-2
.
#include<iostream.h>
int add(int,int);
void main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<"enter 2 numbers ?please!\n";
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"result:"<<add(a,b)<<endl;
}
add.h-3
:
#ifndef ADD_H
#define ADD_H
int add(int x,int y);
#endif
#include<iostream.h>
#include"add.h"
int add(int,int);
void main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<"enter 2 numbers ?please!\n";
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"result:"<<add(a,b)<<endl;
}
75
.h :
iostream .h iostream.h
iostream .
c++ standard runtime library .h
cout cin iostream.h ANSI
76
structs
j
:
j :
Struct ID
{
; int age
;]char name[256
;char sex
;}
:
;ID ahmad
:
;ahmad.age=30
;]ahmad.name[256
;ahmad.sex
:
>#include<iostream.h
)(void main
{
struct ID
{
; int age
;]char name[256
;char sex
;}
;ID ahmad
;ahmad.age=30
;cout<<"enter your name"<<endl
;cin>>ahmad.name
;'ahmad.sex='m
"<<cout<<"name:"<<ahmad.name<<"\nage:"<<ahmad.age
;\nsex:"<<ahmad.sex<<endl
}
77
:class
j
j
opject oriented programming
.
:
-
- :
78
:
- .
: j
.
79
//
Class name
{
Private:
;Int Book_number
;Int sold
;Int remain
Public:
)(Void input
{
j
}
)(Void book
{
}
) (
)(Void main
{
}
35 39
private .
.
36-35 .
.
)(Void main
{
80
:
.
:
#include<iostream.h>
class readtime
{
private:
int min;
int hor;
int sec;
public:
void input();
void output();
};
void time::input()
{
cout<<"enter the time please\n";
cin>>hor>>min>>sec;
}
void time::output()
{
cout<<"time .now is:\n";
cout<<hor<<":"<<min<<":"<<sec<<endl;
}
void main()
{
time obj;
obj.input();
obj.output();
}
j
:
: .h -1
//readtime.h
#ifndef READTIME_H
#define READTIME_H
class time
{
private:
int min;
int hor;
int sec;
public:
void input();
void output();
}
#endif
81
: -2
//readtime.cpp
#include"readtime.h"
void input()
{
cout<<"enter the time please\n";
cin>>hor>>min>>sec;
}
void output()
{
cout<<"time .now is:\n";
cout<<hor<<":"<<min<<":"<<sec<<endl;
}
: -3
main
//main.cpp
#include"readtime.h"
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
time obj;
obj.input();
obj.output();
}
82
:
e7aaprj@gmail.com .
.
:
cplusplus.comC++ Language Tutorial
j .