Precession

o
Obliquity( )
Eccentricity
-
0
.0
6
2
2
0
-
0
.0
3
2
3
0
.0
1
0
.0
2
0
.0
3
0
.0
4
0
.0
5
02
4
0
.0
3
2
5
2
6
0
.0
6
G
a
u
s
s
M
a
t
u
y
a
m
a
OIduvai
Reunion
3.0
2.5
2.59
2.0
1.5
1.81
Q
u
a
t
e
r
n
a
r
y
P
I
e
i
s
t
o
c
e
n
e
P
I
i
o
c
e
n
e
G
e
I
a
s
i
a
n
E
a
r
I
y

(
C
a
I
a
b
r
i
a
n
)
P
i
a
c
e
n
z
i
a
n
Timescale
(Ma)
Polarity
Chron
50
56
52
54
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
78
80
82
84
100
104 104
106
108
110
112
114
116
122
120
118
102
94
98
96
100
98
96
92
88
86
76
74
90
1
LO Zd
2
M7
M5
M6
M11
M8
M9
M10
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Foram-derived
paleobathymery(m)
Wanganui Basin,
N Z, shallow-
marine cyclothems
M
a
n
g
a
w
e
k
a
M
u
d
s
t
o
n
e
(
n
o
n
c
y
c
Io
t
h
e
m
ic
)
R
a
n
g
it
ik
e
i G
r
o
u
p
(
s
h
a
IIo
w
-
m
a
r
in
e
c
y
c
Ie
s
)
C
y
c
le
N
o
0 100 200 300
18
O
ODP Site 1123
Southwest
Pacific
4.0 3.5 3.0
o
( / )
oo
S21
S22
S23
L24
S24
L25
S25
L26
S26
L27
S27
S28
L29
S29
S30
S31
L32
S32
L33
T
e
r
t
i
a
r
y

R
e
d

C
I
a
y
J
i
n
g
c
h
u
a
n

L
o
e
s
s

S
e
c
t
i
o
n
Magnetic
susceptibility
(cgs)/ ce-rafting
ODP Site 882
North Pacific
Median
grainsize
(normalised)
Chinese loess
sequence
Pollen
abundance (%)
ODP Site 658
Offshore
West Africa
H
o
m
o

r
u
d
o
l
f
e
n
s
i
s
H
.

h
a
b
i
l
i
s
A
u
s
tr
a
lo
p
ith
e
c
u
s
a
fa
r
e
n
s
is
A
.

a
f
r
i
c
a
n
u
s
P
a
r
a
n
t
h
r
o
p
u
s

a
e
t
h
i
o
p
i
c
u
s
H
.

E
r
e
c
t
u
s
P
.

R
o
b
u
s
t
u
s
P
.

b
o
is
e
i
Hominid evolution
300 200 100 0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 0 33 66 100
RD
A
id
if
ic
a
t
io
n
r
A
r
d
f
i
a
i
o
n
i
i
c
t
e
g
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
d

i
c
e

r
a
f
t
i
n
B
e
v
e
l

o
a
s
e

l
l
w
e
r
i
n
g
I
c
m
e

v
o
l
u
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
,

c
p
r
e
d
e
e
p

o
e
a
n

t
e
m

d
e
c
e
a
s
A
C
D
B
64
66
68
70
72
78
80
82
84
76
74
Obliquity minimum
Low seasonality