Acidul cu ionul corespunztor

1. HF-acid fluorhidric F- ion florura

2. HCl-acid clorhidric Cl-ion clorura
3. HBr-acid bromhidric Br-ion bromura
4. HI-acid iodhidric I-ion iodura
5. HNO3-acid azotic NO3-ion azotat
6. HNO2-acid azotos NO2-ion azotit
7. H2CO3-acid carbonic HCO3-ion carbonat acid
1. CO32-ion carbonat
8. HClO4-acid percloric ClO4-ion perclorat
9. HClO3-acid cloric HClO3-ion clorat
10. HClO2-acid cloros ClO2-ion clorit
11. HClO-acid hipocloros ClO-ion hipoclorit
12. H2SO4-acid sulfuric HSO4-ion sulfat acid
1. SO42-ion sulfat
13. H2SO3-acid sulfuros HSO3-ion sulfit acid
1. SO32-ion sulfit
14. H3PO4-acid fosforic H2PO4-ion fosfat biacid
1. HPO42-ion fosfat monoacid
2. PO43-ion fosfat
15. H3PO3-acid fosforos H2PO3-ion fosfit biacid
1. HPO32-ion fosfat monoacid
2. PO33-ion fosfit
16. H2S-acid sulfhidric HS-ion sulfura acida
1. S2-ion sulfura
17. CH3-COOH=acid acetic CH3COO-ion acetat
18. HCN-acid cianhidric CN-ion cianura
19. HCOOH-acid formic HCOO-ion format
20. COOH-acid oxalic COO-acid oxalat
21. COOH-acid oxalic COO-acid oxalat
Acizi tipici
Acizi anorganici tari
acid azotic, HNO
3

acid bromhidric, HBr
acid clorhidric, HCl
acid cloric, HClO
3

acid iodhidric, HI
acid percloric, HClO
4

acid sulfuric, H
2
SO
4


Acizi anorganici slabi i de trie medie
acid boric, H
3
BO
3

acid carbonic, H
2
CO
3
(numit pur i simplu acid atunci cnd intr n componena unor
ape minerale sau a unor buturi rcoritoare precum Fanta)
acid fluorhidric, HF
acid fosforic, H
3
PO
4

acid silicic
Acizi organici slabi
acid acetic, CH
3
COOH
acid butiric, CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
acid benzoic, C
6
H
5
COOH
acid citric, (C
6
O
7
H
8
)
acid formic, HCOOH
acid lactic, CH
3
CHOHCOOH
acid malic, HOOCCH2CHOHCOOH
acid oxalic, HOOCCOOH
acid piruvic, CH
3
COCOOH
acid propionic, CH
3
CH
2
COOH
acid valerianic, CH
3
(CH
2
)
3
COOH
c. Formule, numele anionului, valente, numele acidului
HF , Ion florura, I , Acid Flourhidric
HCl , Ion clorura, I, Acid Clorhidric
HClO3 , Ion Clorat, Acid Clorat
HClO4 , Ion perclorat, Acid Percloric
HBr , Ion Bromura, I, Acid Bromhidric
HI, Ion iodura, I , Acid Iodhidric
H2S , ion hidrogensulfura, II , Acid sulfhidric
H2SO3 , ion sulfit, acid sulfuros
H2SO4 , ion sulfat, II , acid sulfuric
H2S2O3, ion tiosulfat, acid tiosulfuric
HNO2 , ion nitrit, acid azotos
HNO3 , ion nitrat, I , acid azotic
H3PO4 , ion fosfat, III, acid fosforic
H2CO3 , ion carbonat, II, acid carbonic
H2SiO3, acid silicic
H4SiO4 , ion silicat, acid ortosilicic
HCN , ion cianura, acid cianhidric
HSCN, ion tiocianat, acid tiocianic
Tabel cu acizi si baze conjugate
Acid
Baza

Acid percloric HCIO
4
CIO
4

Ion perclorat
Acid sulfuric H
2
SO
4
HSO
4

Ion sulfat
Acid iodhidric HI I

Ion iodura
Acid bromhidric HBr Br Ion bromura
Acid clorhidric HCl Cl Ion clorura
Acid azotic HNO
3
NO
3

Ion azotat
Ion hidroniu H
3
0
+
H
2
O Apa
Ion sulfat acid HSO
4

SO
4
2
Ion sulfat
Acid fosforic H
3
PO
4
H2PO
4

Ion fosfat acid

Acid fluorhidric HF F

Ion fluorura
Acid azotos HNO
2
NO
2

Ion azotit
Acid acetic CH
3
CO
2
H CO
3
CO
2
Ion acetat
Acid carbonic H
2
CO
3
HCO
3

Ion carbonat acid

Hidrogen sulfurat H
2
S HS

Ion sulfura acida

Ion amoniu NH
4
+
NH
3
Amoniac
Acid cianhidric HCN CN
-
Ion cianura
Ion carbonatacid HCO
3
CO
3

Ion carbonat
Ion sulfura acida HS

S
2
Ion sulfura
Apa H
2
O OH

Ion hidroxid
Amoniac NH
3
NH
2
Ion amidura
Hidrogen H
2
H

Ion hidrura





2.Baze.
a. Definitia: Dupa Arrhenius:compus chimic , care in solutie apoasa sau in topitura
formeaza ioni cu sarcina pozitiva si ioni hidroxil cu sarcina negativa , care se misca liberi .
Dupa Bronsted: substanta ( molecula sau ioni) , care in interactiunea cu un acid (
adesea cu o molecula de apa ) accepta ioni de hidrogen ( protoni )(acceptor de protoni ).
Dupa Lewis: substanta , care dispune de cel pitin o pereche de electroni liberi ,
care poate completa deficitul de electroni al unui acid ( donor de perechi de electroni ).
b. Formare
O baza se formeaza dintrun metal si radicalul hidroxil.
Radicalul hidroxil este o grupare din doua elemente OH( oxigen si hidrogen) , si are valenta I
c.Formule
Baze cu valenta 1:LiOH, KOH, CsOH, AgOH, NaOH, RbOH, FrOH, AuOH ;Baze

Baze cu valenta II: Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Ra(OH)2, GE(OH)2,
Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, Hg(OH)2, Fe(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 ;

Baze cu valenta III: Al(OH)3, Ga(OH)3, In(OH)3, As(OH)3, Sb(OH)3, Bi(OH)3, Cr(OH)3,
Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)3 ;