Arabic Book For Wcdma 3g GSM 2g Gprs Umts Planning

WCD
W
DMA
-
MATLAB
B
- BER
B
- 3G

20088 - 2009
Eng. Wassim Mahrouka
wassim.mahrouka@gmail.com

.....
...

...

...



MATLAB
- BER
- 3G
WCDMA
Email: wassim.mahrouka@gmail.com

:

. GSM GPRS

.
.

. ) (3rd Generation 1992
2GHZ
) International Telecommunication union (ITU )(UMTS
Universal Mobile telecommunication system
) Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA
).Frequency Division Duplex (FDD
:
WCDMA

MATLAB 7.6 SIMULINK
.
: RAKE Receiver Spreading Factor
) (AWGN Multipath
.
.
WCDMA )( .
:
.

:
FDMA ,TDMA ,CDMA

Walsh .Pseudo Noise
QPSK
16QAM

GSM GPRS
UMTS .ATM
WCDMA
WCDMA Channelization code
Scrambling code
RAKE
Receiver
HandOver
WCDMA Uplink
.Downlink

.

Block
.

.
.


.
WCDMA .
)( .
.
.

**
:
:
:
:
:
:
: QBSKQAM
:
: GSM
: GPRS
: UMTS
: ATM
: WCDMA
: WCDMA
: Power Control
: Rake Receiver
: HandOver
: WCDMA
i
: 3G
: Traffic
:
:
:
: WCDMA
:
: WCDMA
Switching Technologies
Duplexing Technologies
Pulse Shaping
ii



1.1 Spread Spectrum System

. ) Narrowband Signal (Sn
. ) (1-1 .
)(1-1

.
) (
.
.
:
) .(Sn
. ) (Sw .
) .(Despreading
. ) (Sw

) (Sn .
) (Sn ) .(S
.

.A

:
i .
Despreading
. B
S:
i .
F i

i .
) (2-1 .
)(2-1
i :

G )( .
i .
) (NOTCH

.Despreading
20% .

) CDMA ( .
.
Notch
.
.
.B Multipath Environment

.
.
:
.
Rake Receiver .
2.1
1.2.1 )Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS

PSK ) (Pseudo Random or Pseudo Noise
PN code ) (+1 )(-1
Chip bit bit
. Tc
Tb :
. PSK
.
:
.
.
:
PN ) (+1 ) (-1
.
1
)

.

(Separation Interval
. . , .
.
) (3-1) (4-1 .
)(3-1
)(4-1
BPSK
.QPSK .DSSS
.
.

IS-95
) (Convolutional Code
) (Orthogonal Modulation .Walsh

IS-95 :

.
BPSK/DS
Coherent .Tb ) (4-1 .
:DS-CDMA
-A : DS
.
.
-B :
} {-Tc,Tc Tc .
2Tc
. :
.G
-C :LPI
DS .
DS-CDMA :
:
-
.
.

DS .
.
:
)( .Tc

.10-20MHz
)(BS Base Station
.
" "
BS . .
2.2.1 )Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS
FSK (M-ary FSK) MSK :

;
cos
cos

:
cos
cos

.
,
:

,

) (-1,+1
( 1
)
} {0,1..M
.

.

FSK
.FSK

k
.
FH-CDMA
.
) (5-1 .FH-CDMA
)(5-1
:FH-CDMA
-A :
.

.

.
.
-B : Fc

DS-CDMA
.
-C :

Gp
.G
-D :LPI

) ( .
.
:FH-CDMA
DS-CDMA DS .
.DS-CDMA
" " .BS
) (DS-CDMA .
:FH-CDMA
. .
) (Coherent Demodulation .

10

1.2

:
Frequenncy Divisioon Multiplee Access (F
-1 )FDMA
.
Tiime Divisioon Multiplee Access (T
-2 )TDMA
.
)Coode Divisioon Multiplle Access (CDMA
(
-3
.
Frequenccy Division
n Multiplee Access (F
1.1.2 )FDMA
1

FDMA
FDMA
A
)(1-2
FDMA
A

) Convversation Data (Signalingg .

.

. MA

FDM
.


12
2.1.2 )Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA

TDMA
) (Time Slot
TDMA GSM.TDMA/D-AMPS
: TDMA
GSM TDMA/D-AMPS .Time Slot
)(2-2

. TDMA
.
) Conversation Data (Signaling

. TDMA
.
)(UE
) .(BS )(Timing Advance
) (Guard Period
TDMA
.

13
3.1.2 )Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA
CDMA
. CDMA
. CDMA ONE
CDMA .IS-95
CDMA
. DSSS
CDMA DS-CDMA
. . CDMA
. CDMA

)(1.25MHz
) (1.25MHz .
TDMA
.
)(3-2
DS-CDMA .

) .Spreading Factor (SF
.
.

14


1.3 Walsh
Walsh 64
.
Walsh .
:
:
0000
0101
0011
0110
0 0
0 1
Walsh
:
0000
0101
0011
0110
8 :
:
.1 ) (.
.2 ) +1 (-1
.
.3 .
16

, , ,

2N

)(
2N-1 .

. .
:
} Wj(t) = {+1,-1 .
.Wj(0) = 1
j =k
j k
T
=
W
t
W
t
dt
(
)
(
)
j
k
0
0
IS-95 )Multiple Access (MAI
.Interface MAI .
2.3 )Pseudo Noise (PN
) (
) (
.
Walsh
.

:
.1 .
.2 .
.

.

) Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR ) (LFSR n
17

2n n
2

. 2 1
m-ssequence
pseuudorandom
m
Maaximal Lenngth Sequeence
sequeence pseudo nooise sequennce . PN

:
h ( x ) = h0 x n + h1x n 1 + ....... + hn 1x + hn
hi ( 0,1) , h0 = hn = 1
):h(x
u
u j + n = hnu j hn 1u j +1 ........ h1u j + n 1

PN

.2 1 31 :
h (x ) = x 5 + x 2 +1
h0 h1 h2 h3 h4 h5
1
)(1-3

18
1.2.3

. u
2
1
N .m-sequence
) h(x .n
.
2
.1 u 1
.2 N ) h(x :
N 1
u
u ,Tu ,T u ,......,T Ti .i
.3 i,j N k :
)+ 1
.4
2
(N
T i u T j u = T k u
= wt (u ) = 2n 1 ) wt(u u
.u
.Balance property
if l = 0
.5 :
if l 0
N
0
= ) . u ( l
.6 :The run property

:
.1 .n
.2 .n-1
.3
.4
2 K 1
.1
2 .
2.2.3

:
1 .

19
n .
) c(t ) c(t:
.
Tc .
) (1,0 ) (+1,-1 ) c(t Tb
:
| |

) c(t
:
>T
e ls e w h e re
sin c ( fT
) = A 2T
A
= ) R (
S x (f
:

.
20
PSD Hz

N
N .
3.2.3

dt
pn :
pn t pn t
N T
N T
pn .

.
PN

CDMA
.PN
4.2.3 .Pseudo Noise Matched Filter PN
DSSS PN ).(2-3
.PN
)(2-3

21
Soo ) (
PN
.

Si DSSS :
,
So :
:
-
.1/
:
:C -
.1/
:
.

(
)

. DSSSS :
) (I and Q :
,
,
).(3-3
)(3-3

22
5.2.3

.

:n = 2,3,..,11
m-sequences#
Feedback Taps for m-sequences
2
2
2
6
6
18
][2,1
][3,1
][4,1
][5,3][5,4,3,2][5,4,2,1
][6,1][6,5,2,1][6,5,3,2
][7,1][7,3][7,3,2,1][7,4,3,2
][7,6,4,2][7,6,3,1][7,6,5,2
][7,6,5,4,2,1][7,5,4,3,2,1
][8,4,3,2][8,6,5,3][8,6,5,2
][8,5,3,1][8,6,5,1][8,7,6,1
][8,7,6,5,2,1][8,6,4,3,2,1
][9,4][9,6,4,3][9,8,5,4][9,8,4,1
][9,5,3,2][9,8,6,5][9,8,7,2
][9,6,5,4,2,1][9,7,6,4,3,1
][9,8,7,6,5,3
][10,3][10,8,3,2][10,4,3,1][10,8,5,1
][10,8,5,4][10,9,4,1][10,8,4,3
][10,5,3,2][10,5,2,1][10,9,4,2
][10,6,5,3,2,1][10,9,8,6,3,2
][10,9,7,6,4,1][10,7,6,4,2,1
][10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3][10,8,7,6,5,4,3,1
][11,2][11,8,5,2][11,7,3,2][11,5,3,2
][11,10,3,2][11,6,5,1][11,5,3,1
][11,9,4,1][11,8,6,2][11,9,8,3
][11,10,9,8,3,1
16
48
60
176

3
7
15
31
63
127
2
3
4
5
6
7
255
511
1023
10
2047
11
23

1.4
) (AWGN
)(
) Inter Symbol Interference (ISI .

) (Broad Band .
.

. " Matched
"Filter .
.ISI

.
.
.
.
.
) LS(d :
d : .
.
)
(

25
2.4 )(
(
( )
)

) (1-4 .
.

)(1-4
) (1-4 ) .(1, 2, 3
.
.
) ( .

.

( :
)
) (11-4 ) (4, 5 ,6

(
. )

.
) Line Off Sight (LooS .

26
:
.

. .
.

) ((2-4
:

.

(10dB
) 6 B
.
20
) 2

.(30dB
)(2-4
27
)) r(t ) s(t

:

) .hc(t
)*( . :
)m(tt
) r0(t
) m(t
) r0(t .

) (3-4
(.
)
)(3-4

. ) (3-4-bb

) ( ) m(t ).r0(t
3.4


28
) (4-4
(

) R(f ) (4--4
.

) R(t
.
)(.
)(4-4

4.4
)(5-44

" " TO < TS TO

.
TS
29
.

" " TO > TS
.

)(5-4
Dopppler
5.4
) (1-44 16
)( . ) (4-44-b

.
) s(v

:
) (0,, 2
fd
v
fd .

.

f
30
) (Bowl ) (4-4-d
.
.
. :
) :(indoor ) s(v
.
) (4-4-d
.
) s(v .
. v

. fd
.
.
0 180
.
.
) s(v ) .R(t
.
) ( .
)
( . ) (4-4 ) s(v
) s(
) . ) (1-4 7 .(16
) s(v .
) ( .fd
. ) s(v .

.
.
31
TO
fd
TO

TO
.
0.5

:
) (6--4
900Hz

.
)(6-4

)) (6-4
(
)

v:

.

32
) (6-4

2

TO

6.4
) (7--4 ) (
.
)(7-4
2
) (7-4-a

.
)(

.

)(
( ) (7-4-b
)
) (7-4-aa

) .(7-44-c
)) (7-4-a
. ) .(7-44-c
(

)) (7-4-d

) (7-44-e .

on off
.
onn .off

on off

.
33

1.5

Communnication Sttack

.
Opeen System
)m (OSI

:
) (1-55
Innterconnecction
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
)(1-5

3
35
OSI
.Signaling System Number7 (SS7) 7 OSI
).(2-5
)(2-5
.

.
).(3-5
) :(3-5 .
.
MS BS
.
.
- -
RF . .
36
: )Medium (MAC
Access Control .Radio Link Control MAC
.
.
Traffic .

Data Packets Transport Blokes
.
Parity Check )Cyclic (CRC
.Redundancy Check Call Initialization
.
.
Paging Requests
.

.
Destination Node
) Quality of Service (QoS :
.
.

) Message Transfer Port (MTP SS7

.
) Telephone User Part (TUP )ISDN User (ISUP
.Part

37
QAM QPSK

1.6

FSK
PSK
.ASK :
)(1
)) S (t ) = A (t ) cos( (t
) A (t ) (t
:
) (t ) = 0t + (t
S ] ) S (t ) = A (t ) cos [0t + (t
0 = 2 f ) (t .
2.6 )Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK

.
:
QPSK
. / 4 , 3 / 4 , 5 / 4 , 7 / 4
:
)(2
0 t T
elsewhere
2E
)cos 2 f c t + ( 2i 1
S (t ) = T
4
E i=1,2,3,4 : T Fc
.
39
2 :
2E
2E
cos ( 2i 1) cos ( 2 f c t )
) sin ( 2i 1) sin ( 2 f c t
4
4
T
T
= ) S (t
) 1 (1) , 2 ( 2

:
) 1 (1) = cos ( 2 f c t
) 2 ( 2 ) = sin ( 2 f c t
QPSK :011010000
Q

)(1-6
QPSK
K
1.2.6
1
x (t ) = s i (t ) + w (t ) :
QPSK
Q

, .
E
2N
p se = erf c
E
1
BER
R = erfc
2
N0

QPSK

Eb/N
BP N0
PSK
40

.QPSSK

.BPSK
QPPSK
QPSK
K
2.2.6
2
QPS
) (22-6 SK
)(2-6
NRZ

a1 , a2

E b
+ E b
:
Gray-Enccoded
Input Dibit
Phase
P
Of
QP
PSK Signaal
)(Radians
/4
3/4
5/4
10
00
01
7/4
11

41
).(3-66

)(3-6

.
Quaadrature Amplitude
A
M
Modulation
3.6 )n (QAM

.k

QPSK
siin
coss
Doouble Side Band Supppressed Caarrier (DSB
)B_SC

.

QAM QPSK
M

D/A

k/2
:QA
) (44-6 AM


42
)(4-6
.

).(5-6

)(5-6
.N

ASK .PSSK :
2E 0
2E 0
ak coss ( 2 f c t )
) bk siin ( 2 f c t
T
T
k = 0, 1, 2, 3.....
= ) s k (t
ak , bk .

43
16-QAM
) (6--6 M
)(6-6
QAM
M
1.3.6
1
) 2 (1 L1
3llog L 2E
Q 2 2 b
log 2 L
L 1 N 0
pB
u2
1
ex
) Q (x
xp
d
du
2
2 x
) ).((6-6

Eb No/2

44

GSM

GSM
M

1.1
19980
FDMA
) (Anaalog A

"AMPS .
A
"

395
3
416 21

25MH
Hz
30K
KHZ
.10 K
FSK Kbps
F
"MS
" M
: AMPSS

" "LS
(

)
BTS
."BT
"TS
.Mobile
M
)Statiion Switching Office (MTSO

"PST
"TN

.

MTSOs )
LSs

( .

.

47
7
GSM
M

GS
2.1 SM
1.2 GSM
2.1
GSSM
) Switcching Systeem ( SS
Base Stattion System
) m ( BSS
) (2-1
Switching
S
System (S
SS) 1.1.2.1
:Mobilee Services Switchingg Center (M

)MSC
) (

ISDN PSTN
. MSC Gatee Way
Home
H
)Locattion Regesster (HLR
Gatteway (GM
)MSC
) Mobiile Station (MS

.Mobille Services Switchingg Center
):Home Location Register ((HLR

48
8
GSM
.
.
.
.
HLR MSC
HLR HLR.
):Visitor Location Register (VLR
VLR
MSC VLR MSC . VLR
MSC
"" VLR HLR
HLR .
MSC VLR MSC
HLR HLR
VLR
VLR .
):Authentication Center (AUC
AUC .
HLR )(
.
):Equipment Identity Register (EIR

49
GSM
M

Base Station Syystem(BSS
S) 2.1.2.1
):Base Station Controller ((BSC
GSM
M

BSC
C

(M MSC
)MS HandOvver

. BSSC
:Base Transceive
T
)er Station (BTS
MS
BT ) (Raadio Interfface
TS

BTS

.BTSS
BSC

:Transcod
der and Ra
)ate Adapteer Unit (TRAU

MSC
BSC
BSS
TRAU
" .RPE-LTP U
16 Kbit/ss 64kkbit/s

.MSC
M

.

)(3--1
O
Operation
n & Mainteenance Ceenter (OM
MC) 3.1.2.1
BSC
MSC C
C
OM
MC
OMC
O
.X.25

OMC

.
50
0
GSM

Network Management Center (NMC) 4.1.2.1
.NMC NMC
.OMC
Mobile Station (MS) 5.1.2.1
MS
.MS MS SIM
SIM .
2.2.1 GSM

.
) :( CELL

BTS ). Cell Global Identity (CGI
):Location Area (LA

LA LA MS
.VLR
MS LA1 LA2
MS Idle
MS .LA
MS LA
MS .LA

51
GSM
M

:MSC
C Servicee Area (MS
)SC
MS
LA SC
L
MSC
. MS
. HLR
R

:Public Land Moobile Network (PLM
)MN

.
PLM
PLMN MN
:GSM
M Service Area (GSM
)M

GSM
G

.
G
GSM
MS
Internation M
I
al Roaminng

PLMN .
) (4-1

:
MS

.
MS
" " Idle :
MS ) (ON .
M
" " Active :
52
2
GSM
M

MS ). (OFFF
" " Deetached :

) :(Channeels

(Sim FM
)mplex
: MS

) (Upplink

MS

MS
.(D
MS )Downlink
3.2 GSM
2.1
12
24
890 - 915/935 - 960 MHz
GSM
M 900
37
74
1710 - 17885/1805 -1
1880 MHz
GSM 1800
29
99
1850 - 1910/1930 -1
1990 MHz
GSM 1900
: GSM
M 900
):(Duuplex Disttance
"
))(Fulll Duplex

Downlink
D
& Uplink

"
Upplink &Doownlink
Duplexx Distancee
.
:

.45 MHzz
935MHZ
9
915MHZ = 25MHZ
Z
)(5-1

53
3
GSM
M

):(Carrier Sepparation

"" "Duplexx Distance

.
(Carrier
C
) Seeparation

) (

.

200KH
HZ
)(6-1
. TX1
T = 890
0.2 MHZ & RX1 = 9335.2 MHZ
Z
. TX2
T = 890
0.4 MHZ & RX2 = 9335.4 MHZ
Z
):(Traansmissionn Rate

GSM

. 270 Kbits/s
):(Moddulation Methods
M

Gauussian Minnimum Shift (GMSK
GSK) :
SM

2700Kbits/s 200KHz
Keyingg
.
:
.(25M/0.2M
FDM : M) 1 = 124
MA

: .1248 = 9992
TDMA

.
54
4
GSM
M

T
Transmissi
4.2 on Problems
2.1
):(Path Loss
BTS
MS B

B
BTS

.
):(Shadowinng
MS

BTS
MS . BTS
MS
) (7-1
:(M
)Multipath Fading

:(R
)Rayleigh Fading
F

M
MS

Raayleigh Faading

. 17 CM
GSM 900
)(8-1

55
5
GSM
M

:(T
)Time Dispeersion
MS

.
BTS
)(9-1

) Inter Syymbol Inteerference (ISI
(

BTS
) (9-1 ) (0,1
" "1

""1
""0

.
" "0 MS
:(Time
(
)Aliggnment

(T
TDMA
MS Time Slott )
MS BTS

Tiime Slot
BTS
MS Time Slott

MS

MS
.

BTS
)(10-1
56
6
GSM
5.2.1 Solution To Transmission Problems

)(Channel Coding

) Bit Error Rate (BER
.

BER.

.
Interleaving

Longer Sequences
Interleaving

.

25% 100%
.
Interleaving
25% .
25% 25%
.

57
GSM
M

) (11-1
)(Antenna Diveersity

.Diverssity Spacee Diversity & Polarizaation
: Space Divversity .I

BTS

.

Polarization Diversity
D

Space Diiversity
) (12-1
:Polarrization Diiversity .III

.

" "
58
8
GSM
M

Adapttive Equallization

MS

(
) B
BTS

MS
BTS
. B
"

" . BTS
.

)(13-1

(Freq
)quency Hopping

Rayleigh
R
Faading

. BTS MS

. BTSS MSS
.
)(14-1
59
9
GSM
M

Timing A
Advance
Time Aliggnment

GSM
M
MS )(
GSM

63 biit times

. 35Km
m
" GSM Transmiss
T
ion Processs" GSM
6.22.1
)(15-1
-1

GSM
G

(PC
)CM
.
Pullse Code M :
Modulation
n
. 8000
8
.I mpling
: Sam sampple/sec
8192 = 213.
(
.II ):Quuantizationn
. 13
.IIII 3 bit/sampple :Codingg

. 13 8000 = 104Kbit/ss

60
0
GSM
M

)(16-1
8 ) ( :

200KHz

) ( 81004Kbit/s=8832Kbit/s
.
(Segm
-2 ))mentation
220 ms 50
8000 . A/D
)(177-1
(Speech
(
)Coding
-3
GSM
M
A/D
13Bits

:
260B
Bits

2600Bit/20mss=13Kbit/s
. PSTN
N
:
260 Bitt
200 ms
2 50 = 13 Kbit//s
260
8) TDMA (
13 8 = 104 Kbit//s

61
1
GSM
M

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2.5.1 :
:
WCDM
MA
.Chaannelizatioon Code
.(Pseudo
P
No
oise Code) Scramblinng Code
Chaannelizatioon

.Scrambling
)(13--1
11
19
WC
CDMA

(
) Channellization Coode
Scrambling .
S
g Code

Channeelization C
Code

(3.84
3
Mchhip/s
.Channeliza
C
ation Codee
Scraambling Coode ) (chip by chip
.
)(14--1
. Channnelization Code

.Scrambbling Code

12
20
WC
CDMA
Chan
nnelization
n Code 1.2
2.5.1
Orthogonal Variable
V
(O
)OVSF
Channnelization
.(UE/B
)BS
Sprreading Faactor
)(15--1

.Walsh Code
C
O :
OVSF

) (1,1 ).(1,-1

)(16--1

12
21
WC
CDMA
SF .
Chhannelizatio S
on Code

.
:OVSF

) 512
: 4 256
(.

Channeliza
C
: ation Code

4

.256
256

4

RN
NC
BTS
Scramblinng Code.

9600Kbps

4
:
.3.84Mchiip/s
Channellization Code
C

.RNC
R
BS UE
)(17--1

12
22
WC
CDMA
SF .4

)(18--1
) (3.84Mchiip/s

.(3.84M
)Mchip/s

2.22.5.1

" "0
.

Channelizat
C
tion Code
) (21-1

.Channeelization Coode
)(19--1

12
23
WC
CDMA
Chhannelization Code ) (
) (A
) (100% .

) (B Channelizzation Coode
)
.

(
Chhannelization Code ) (
) (C

.

:

.

:
.

:
) (.
Sccramblingg Code 3.2

2.5.1
Channelization Codde

UE
E/BS

Scramblinng Code PN

Scrambling
.
Gold
G
Codee

) (Pseuddo Noise Coode
)(20--1

12
24
WCDMA

. . PN
. Scrambling Code
.

Channelization Code ) (.

.Scrambling Code
Scrambling Code 10 ms
512 )
(.

.
Scrambling

:Scrambling Code
)(: 38400chips ) Rake
.(Receiver
: 256 chips .
Scrambling
Channelization Code .
Scrambling Channelization
.

125
WCDMA
:

.
Scrambling Code Shift Register .
Scrambling Code WCDMA
Scrambling Code Gold like codesGold codes
.VL-Kasami codes L-Kasami codes S-Kasami codes
WCDMA .Gold
2 Scrambling Code
Scrambling Code
BS .

.
Scrambling Code 25bits
) (Long=0Short=1 24bits
Scrambling Code ) (21-1 )( Scrambling
.Code n
.
M 2
Modulus
.(XOR) addition

126
WC
CDMA
(
)(21-1
Scrambling Code

) (222-1

Code Key

Scrrambling Code
C

(
)(22-1
Scram
Channeelization Codembling Codde
C
) (233-1
.
) (24-1

12
27
WCDMA
Up Link
Sc cold be unique in the same cell
CHc could be shared
CHc 7
Sc 200
(23-1)
Down Link
Sc for the same user are almost different
CHc for the same user could be similar
Cell 2
Sc 21
Cell 1
Sc 1
Cell 1
Sc 2
(24-1)
128

WC
CDMA
6.1
(
)(25-1

UE

Noode-B

.

:

UE
:AM
MR Speecch Codec .1
.

:Multipath
M
D
Diversity .2
.

.
:Soft H UE
HandOver .3

:
.4
.
.5 : .
7.1

:

:Air
A Interfaace
9
.

12
29
WC
CDMA

.
Soft Cappacity

)(
Scrambbling
.
:
)(26--1
.I
.II .
I
.III .
I
).(Breathiing cell
.IV
I
( )(
)
Breathing
B
: ccell
:

.I
.II
I
.III
I
.IV
I
.V
(.
)
.
.

.
.Soft Haandover
13
30
Power Control

WCDMA
1.2 A
WC
CDMA

.
) .(1-2

).(200s
) (1-2ss )(

WCDMA ) (3.84Mchip/s
A

.13.84 10
0.2
26s
WCDMA
W
0.26s
.
)(1-2
1..1.2
BS
MS
S1
.

MS
M 2
MS2 MS1

13
32
(
)

(GSM
)

. .(-21dbm ,126Mw)) :
.
Power
P
Con
2.2 ntrol
)(2-2

BS 60-80dB
UL
" ".
) Signal Interference Ratio (SIR

BS UL
UE
BS
SIR
.
. 1dB .1500/Secc
.

WCDMA
.

SIR

SIR
Bllock Errorr Rate (BL . BLER R
)LER
13
33
BLER .
SIR
BLE S
ER
.

RACH
H/FACH
BS UE
BSS
.

UE
.

BS

U BS
UE
.
)(3-2
) (3-2

.UE UE
.BS BS
B

.RACH
R
UE
AICH U
.
.15500/Sec ) (4-2
UE

SIR
R

.
13
34
)(4-2
1..2.2

( :
.A )
)(5-22
.B :
(Node-B )SIR (.
N
)
( SIR
) SIR
RNC
)0.66ms .1500Hz ( .

13
35
)(6-22
SIR
: S

SIR
SIR
S S
SIR
.Power up
Power doown
15000Hz
1dB

.
(CR
)RC

: RNC

SIR
R

Z

.10-100HZ
)(7-22

13
36
Rake Receiver

1.3
) (1-33
1Km/h

.

WCDM :
MA
) (Turbo Coode , Convvolutional Code Interleaviing
.

Rake Reeceiver
.
.

WCDMA
A

.
) ( .

.
Check Cyclic )Forrword Erroor Correctioon (FEC
C
Reddundancy (C
)CRC

) (
)(1-3

13
38

2.3 WCDMA
TDMA

.
CDMA
) (SNR Channelization Code
) (DownLink
) (UpLink Scrambling Code
) (OVSF .
) (Rake Receiver
.
WCDMA ) (Pilot Bits
. WCDMA
3 6 ).(Fingers

.

.
.

) (SNR
.
.
WCDMA
. CDMA
139
-1
.

) (Fiingers
-2
.
-3
-4 .
)).(MRC
-5

WCDMA
W

.

P-N Coode

)(2-3
1.2.3
1

14
40
(M
)MRC

) (MRC Brrennan
(

(SN
)NR

.
(SNR
)R
) (3-33
(Allocated

.Combined Symboll
) Finggers

2.2.3
2
)(4-3

14
41

.
) (Rake Fingers
) (Base Station
) (Channel Profile ) (Chip Rate

.
(Base
) Station .
:
: (Equal
).Gain Combing
:
).(MRC
Channel Estimation

.

).(Echoes
) (
) (Doppler 1000Hz
.

) (SIR Power
Control Loop .
142
3.2.3
CDMA
WCDMA CDMA2000
.

Base Station

.
WCDMA )(FDD
.
) (
-
.61.44MHz
1/16 .
16 16 .
Scrambling Code 16 .
16 )(OVSF
) (de-Scrambling 16 .
) ( ) (de-Scrambled
).(de-Spread
.
) -( 16
.
16 .
) (RAM ) (16 bitsperLUT
16.

143
:
-1 .
-2 ).Inter Symbol Interference (ISI
-3 .
)(

WCDMA : ) (Indoor (Indoor-
) Outdoor ) (Outdoor 0 500Kmph
5MHz ) (

.
.

)) (Viterbi (
) (Turbo ) (Turbo

: )Soft Output Viterbi algorithms (SOVA
) (MAP
.

:
-
.
) (Intra Cell ).(Inter Cell
.
) (Mobile Station
).(Base Station

144
-1
.

-2
).(SIR

-3
(.
-4 ) ( )

.

3.3
) (5-3

.
Scrambbling
Scrambliing Codee
.

.
.(Soft & Softer) HO
O
.
Scrambling Code BS

" ".
HO

)(5-3
14
45

.

.
.
HO
O

) (66-3

.
Soft BS
Scrambliing Code
) .Channelizaation Codee (0
.I/Q
Q
.Scraambling Code
C

WCDM ) .(3.844Mchip/s
MA
388400 10ms
Scrambbling Codee
BS
D.
DL
I
Scrambbling Codde

.Q
)(6-3

WC
) (7-3 CDMA
.
.I/Q

14
46
I Q
Scrrambling Code
Channelizzation Codde.

.
Scrambbling Codde

) (Sliding Correlatorr
.
. Channellization Coode

.
.
.

.CRC
)(7-3

) (8-3 .
.
.
.

.

)(
.Vitterbi

14
47
) (0.5chip

1-2s

.300s
20s )( .
2

.
(
. )

.

)(8-3

14
48

Hand Over

Han
ndOver
HAND
D OVER

HandOver
H
(
)(HO

.

Soft H
HandOver 1.4

UE

Soft
ft HO

Soft
S HO
.

Soft HO
H
.
.
)(1-4
Softer H
HandOver 2.4

.Node-B Softer HO
B

.

Node--B

15
50
Han
ndOver
)(2-4
Hard H
Handover 3.4
UE
" " RF E
.
UE
UM .GSSM
MTS
CDMA
C

G HandOverrs
GSM

.UE

:
Active .I .
Moonitored .II .
I
D .
Detected .III
I

Sofft HO
" " .UE
Drop
D
timerr

UE

.Ping-- Pong
RAN

UTR
.

UE
15
51
Han
ndOver

HO

.
4.4
SSDT
S

UE
U
.Soft HO
.
UE

)(3-4

ID UE ID
.

.RRC

SSDT ID
RN Soft Handover
5.4 NC
)(4-44
15
52
HandOver
.1
Softer HO .2
Soft HO .3
Serving RNC .4
Serving RNC Drift RNC

.
Serving RNC IU Drift RNC
UE Serving RNC
.
DRNC Serving RNC
DRNC . UE
.5 .
.6 :SRNS . Iu
DRNC SRNC UE SRNC
.
(S&D) RNC UE UTRAN
SRNC UE CN DRNC
. ) SRNC Node-B Softer
(HO UE ).(Rake Receiver
6.4 HO WCDMA
UE HO
WCDMA HO (Soft & Softer) HO HO
HO ) (Inter-Rat .
(Soft & Softer) HO UE
Soft HO UE RBS
.
153
HandOver
HO . UE
.
Softer HO UE
. Softer HO HO .
HO UE HO
WCDMA .Hard HO
HO INTER-RAT HandOver
CS UE WCDMA
GSM .Hard HO
Inter-Rat Cell Change
PS UE
WCDMA .GPRS ) (
) UE ( . .
HO HO
UE . HO
) (.
WCDMA (Soft or Softer) HO "
" UEs .
) (5-4 Soft HO .WCDMA UE
RBS1 RBS2
. UE RBS2
UE . RBS2
.RBS2 Hard HO RBS2
RBS2 UE .

154
Han
ndOver
)(5-44
(Soft&Softerr) HO UE
)(6-44
Ec/No
) (7-4
.
) (t-add) (t-drop .
(2,3
) 2
HO
O Soft
) (1,2
Soft H
HO

3.
2dB

Hard H
HO

( .
HO

)
2ddB .
Soft HO
O

15
55
Han
ndOver
)(7-44
) (8-4 Soft HO

.UL
)(8-44

UE RBSS1

. UE

.
RBS2
RB ) (t-addd
BS2

UE
Soft HO U
O

UE RBS1
U
.

UE
.RB U
BS2

15
56
HandOver

UEs Soft HO
HO . Soft HO
UE .UE
DL

) Macro UE
( .
Soft HO:
Scrambling Code .WCDMA
.
Soft HO
HO UE .
Soft HO :
9 .
9 HO .
9 .
Soft HO
.
) (9-4 HO .

MM
Hard HO
Soft HO
Hard HO
Cell_PCH
URA
URA_PCH
Cell_DCH
Cell_FACH
)(9-4
157
WCDMA

WC
CDMA
1.5 3GPP
1998

) (3GPPP

.
.IMT-20000
:

.ET
TSI

.ARIB

.ANSSI T1
.TTA

.TTC

.CWTS

.
) (1-5 3GPP
.
(TSG-RA
)AN
) GSM
G

CN

.(EDGE
)(1-5
) (FFDD & TDD

:

TDD
.
FD
. DD
(5M (100MHz) FDD
)MHz
15
59
WC
CDMA

IMT-20000

.IM
MT-2000
PCS
P

IS995
UL .(1910-1930) DL
W PCS
WCDMA-T
TDD
CDMA20000 BS WCDMA-FDD .GPS

.GPS
G

B
BSs
CDMA20000
OHG
G

.ANSII-41
WCD
DMA
CDMA GSM GPRS
WCA2000
CDMA
.
15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960,

WCDMA
W

19220KSymboole/s 2048kbpps
.
)(2-5
IMT
T-2000
) (2-5
PCS

WCDM .
MA
TDD
PCS D
P
WC :
CDMA

90MH
2500-2690MHz Hz
SPR.Worlddcom
RINT
16
60
WC
CDMA

1710-1755MHz 45MHzz
.
.
95MH
1755-1850MHz Hz
.
40MH
2110-2150MHz Hz
.

2160- 2165 MHz 5MHz
M
MSS
)(3-5
Iu
)I .(3-5
WCDMA-R Iu Iuur Iub
W
RAN
.Iu

PS . GPRS
Iu
CS . MSC
Iu
RB
BS

Iu

HO
.CN
RAN C
WCDM N
MA
Iub .RNC
C Soft HO
O

Iur
.RNC
RBSC


16
61
WCDMA

RAN
:RNS UE.CN
:RNC RNS .
:RBS .
:Un Interface UE.RBS
:Iu CN.RNS
:Iur RNS RNS.
:Iub RNC.RBS
:WCDMA
:
o .
o .
o .
:
o .HandOver
o .RNS
:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
)(.
.
.
.
.
.
.
162
WC
CDMA
o .
.
o
2.5 OSI WCDMA
)) .(4-5

.Signaaling
)(4-5
WCDMA:
W
OSI
.I
.II
.III
.

.
.

Radio Resource Control (R
)RRC

UE .RNC
CN
Radio UE C
R
)Acccess Beareer (RAB

.UMT
QoS TS
RABs
(UE-RNC
Radio RLC )C
o Link Conntrol (RLC
)C

16
63
WCDMA

.L3 L3 .HO
)(MAC
Medium
)
.Access Control
( . .
Channelization Code Scrambling Code.

) Forward Error Correction (FEC .

.
Rate Matching .
.
.
/ .
.
.
.
) (.
.Soft HO
)Frame Eraser Radio (FER
) Signal Interference Ratio (SIR .
) (5-5 DL .UL
DL UL .
)Dedicated Physical Data (DPDCH
Channel L3 .HO
) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH
L1 .
164
WC
CDMA
)(5-5
WCDMA
W
3.5 ) (DL
WCDMA ).(66-5
)) (Cell A
)(6-5

.
.
(CRC, FEC,
F
)Interleaving
.
.


16
65
WCDMA
S/P I/Q
Channelization Code 3.84Mchip/s
Scrambling Code
Scrambling Code .
.
) (6-5 Scrambling
Code . .
1.3.5 Logical Channels
:

) Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH
.
) Paging Control Channel (PCCH
.Idle
) Common Control Channel (CCCH
.
.
) Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH
UE .
.RCC
) Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH
. DTCH DL.UL

166
WCDMA

2.3.5 Transport Channel
:
:
.
.
) .Dedicated Channel (DCH
. DCH .
) Broadcast Channel (BCH
. BCH .
) Forward Access Channel (FACH
UEs UEs .BS
) Paging Channel (PCH .
3.3.5 Physical Channel
)( UEs
" " :
)Primary Common Control (P-CCPC
Physical Channel .
) Synchronization Channel (SCH
) Scrambling Code
.(64 ) 10%( P-
CCPCH ) 90% (.
)Secondary Common Control (S-CCPCH
PCH .FACH
Physical Channel
Idle .UE
.

167
WCDMA
) Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH

Scrambling Code . DL
) HO (.
DL UEs " ".
)Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH
.L3
)Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH
L1 UE
.

.UE " " .
.
) Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH RBS
)( ) UE
.(UE
) Paging Indicator Channel (PICH UE
.
CPICH
) (7-5 .
CPICH Scrambling Code .
HO .UE
.CPICH

168
WC
CDMA
)(7-5
Scrrambling Code
C
18 WCDM
MA
(2 34800
262143 )1
10ms 348000
1
3.844Mchip/s
2560 .
2
155
.
).(10 10 /15 6666.667s
.

) (7-5

10
Channelization Code ) (C , 256
C
.

) (1002
SC
P-CCP CH
PCH
.SC
BCH CH

S
SCH
P-CCPCH
) (8-5
.
PP-CCPCH
Kbps
.(SF==256) 30K

. ) (C ,
.UE
Es


16
69
WC
CDMA
)(8-5
2556
25560
2304
. ) (2560-2556

9
) (2304/2556
.BC 256
CH
) 18 (92 .
S-CCP
PCH
S-CC
) (9-5 CPCH
FA .PCH
ACH
)(9-5

UE Idle

.L3
.(Cell-FAC PS
)CH

.

17
70
WC
CDMA
DTX
Transsport Form
mat Combinnation Indiication (TF
)FCI
.

.

16 )(
1

4 .256

PICH

.PICH
H
) (10-5
(
)(10-5
UE
PCH Sleep U
H

.S-C
CCPCH
PIICH UE
.Idle

1 .

256
2

PICH 300
12
.PIs
.P-CCPCH 288
H
16 PIs
. 2
UEs
18 .1444
)Inteernational Mobile (IIMSI

UE PI
U
PI .
.Subsccriber Idenntity UE ) ( PI
DRX PI

.P-CCPPCH
PCH
H

UEs PI
1
UE
UE . U
IM
MSI
.S-CCPPCH
.Idle PI 0 UE .Sleep
DPDCH

DPDC
CH
) (111-5
.
WCDMA
A
D
DPCCH

17
71
WC
CDMA
(
)(11-5
.L3 DPPCCH
L
DPPDCH
L1 :
.

o
.

TPPC
o
o TFCI .
.

SF 4 512
(
)(12-5
DPPDCH.DPPCCH
) (112-5
.


17
72
WC
CDMA
15Kbps

Channnelization Code
C

(15/2) 7.5K .
Kbps
.SF==512 512 ) (388400/512 75

60 .
) 150 (752
DPD 90 L11 .DPCCH 15

DCH
6

4 DPD
10 . DCH
.DPCC
CH
DPC
DPDCCH
DCH

) (113-5
(
)(13-5

TFC
)( CI
.DCH
.

A B

nonn-
8 14
WCDMA
W
GSM Hard HOs
W M
WCDMA
.
17
73
WC
CDMA
.
) (14-5
(
)(14-5
.
) (15-5
(
)(15-5
.
SIR

) (FSW .
.
TPC
T
) (16-5

17
74
WC
CDMA
(
)(16-5
TPC .
T
SF
TFCI
T

) (17-5

32.
10
(
)(17-5

TFCI 32 .
T

3A
TFCI .

4 . 8
(84 32 . 30 ) (152
) 8

) .(Puunctured

17
75
WC
CDMA
AICH

AICH
H
.PRACH AICH .SF=2566
P
UE

5120 .
15 ) (
1024
AI 32
.
0
. AI )
.(0,-1,+1 ,

AI
AIC .3GPP
) (18-5 CH
.
(
)(18-5
M
Multiplexin
5.3.5 ng
5
L3 L1
) (19-5 RAB
.DPCH
H
(
)(19-5

17
76
WC
CDMA
) (Speech
(

12.2Kbps .244bits

.200ms
40m
. L3 ms

3
.

8bits
.L33
CRC 16bits
C
12bits

. 1,2 L3

Ratte
) (1/3 ) .(1/2
Puncturinng .DPPCH
Matchhing
40m
ms
20ms

.L2
20m
ms

.10ms

L3
.L3
15
10ms
30Kbpss

.L1
SF .1288
84Kbps L3
8
RAB PS
R
) (20-5
L1 .DPCH
(
)(20-5

PS 100ms
Turbo

17
77
WC
CDMA
2M
Mbps
DPDCH DL
H
) (221-5
DPCC
CH
(
)(21-5
WCDMA
W
) (UL
4.5
(.
UE
U
) WC
CDMA
) (222-5
.DPCCH
DPD H
DCH

.

(
)(22-5

.PR
RACH
.

.TPPC

17
78
WC
CDMA
.DPD
DCH

.L3
UL
DPDCH U
D

.DPC
CCH

L1
DPCCH UL L
H
FBI .TFCI

TP
PC
1.4.5
1
DPCC .
DP CH
) (223-5 PDCH
(
)(23-5
DPC
CCH
DPDCH I
D
DPCCH .
D
DPDCH
H

DPCCH
.Q SF DPPDCH 4 2566 SF
.256
DPPCCH :
7,6,5,4,33 8.
TFCI 2,1,0.

TPC
2,1.
.DPCCH
DPD H
DCH
) (224-5

15K SF
Kbps
DPDCH 0
D

.4
960K SF
256 6 Kbps
FBII, TPC, TF
FCI
.DPPCCH
12
.
17
79
WC
CDMA

A, B

.InnterFrequeency
(
)(24-5

) (225-5 .FBII 1,0 2
Sooft HO
S .D
(
)
S .
.DL
HO
O

Soft HO ).(SSSTD
(
)(25-5

18
80
WC
CDMA
D
.UE
RBS
R

RACH
2.4.5 H
2
UE .AIICH

) (226-5
(
)(26-5
RACH
.20m
RACH 10ms ms
.Q
I L11

) (SF==256

.(SF=664) RACH
.TFC H
. CI
M
Multiplexin
3.4.5 ng
3
DPDCH
RA 12.22Kbps L33 H
) (227-5 AB
.DPCCH
D
L1

18
81
WC
CDMA
(
)(27-5
DL Rate Mattching UL
UL
.
.DPDCH
L3 H
RAB PS 64Kbpps
) (228-5
.DPCC
L1 CH
(
)(28-5

18
82
WCDMA
) (29-5 .
UL
DL
BCCH
PCCH

CN .
CCCH

) (RCC .
DCCH
) (RCC
HO .
DTCH
,,
)(29-5

183
3G

Traffic

Tra
affic
1.1

Radio
R
)Access Bearerr (RAB

UMTSS Terrestriaal Radio Access
A
(UT
)TRAN

. UM
MTS
R
RAB
2.1
.Core Netw
))work (CN
RAB
UM
MTS

)(1-1
1.2.1 )Quaality Of Service (Qoos
1
:
.Conversation Classs

.Stream
ming Classs

:
: .

.


18
86
Tra
affic
) Gradee Of Servvice (GoS 2%

Blockiing
2%
(Bestt Effort (B
)BE
)

.
3.1 RABs
WCDM RAN
.

)(2-1
WCDM RAN
(UE
HSDPA )E
H

Channnels

HSDPA
A
Usser Equipm
ment
.[64-384K
]Kbps
A-DCH
Datta

18
87
Tra
affic
)(3-1
)Circuit Switched (CS
4.1

CS

E
Earlang
:

.I
.II
/ .
.

Grade Of
)O Servicee (GoS
Traffic

.

: Earllang

Mean Hold
H
)time (MHT

:
)y Hour Calll Attempts (BHCA
Busy

18
88
Tra
affic
MHT
CS
1.4.1
1
.

:
CS
C
WF
Weighting Facctor
.

:

/

2.4.1 GOS
2
:

)(4-1

18
89
Traffic

GOS:
Earlang Table 5.1

GoS
Earlang
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.
)(.
)(.
.
Erlang B N B .GoS
ERLANG B
5.0
0.053
0.381
0.899
1.525
2.218
2.960
3.738
4.543
5.370
6.216
7.076
7.950
8.835
9.730
10.633
11.544
12.461
13.385
14.315
15.249
16.189
17.132
18.080
19.031
19.985
20.943
21.904
22.867
23.833
24.802
25.773
26.746
27.721
28.698
29.677
30.657
31.640
32.624
33.609
34.596
35.584
36.574
37.565
38.557
39.550
40.545
4.5
0.047
0.358
0.857
1.464
2.140
2.865
3.627
4.417
5.229
6.060
6.907
7.767
8.638
9.520
10.410
11.308
12.214
13.125
14.043
14.966
15.893
16.825
17.761
18.701
19.645
20.591
21.541
22.494
23.449
24.407
25.367
26.330
27.294
28.261
29.230
30.200
31.173
32.147
33.122
34.099
35.078
36.057
37.039
38.021
39.005
39.990
4.0
0.042
0.333
0.812
1.399
2.057
2.765
3.509
4.283
5.080
5.895
6.727
7.573
8.430
9.298
10.174
11.059
11.952
12.850
13.755
14.665
15.581
16.500
17.425
18.353
19.284
20.219
21.158
22.099
23.043
23.990
24.939
25.890
26.844
27.800
28.758
29.718
30.680
31.643
32.608
33.575
34.543
35.513
36.484
37.456
38.430
39.405
3.5
0.036
0.308
0.765
1.332
1.970
2.658
3.385
4.140
4.920
5.720
6.535
7.365
8.208
9.060
9.923
10.793
11.672
12.557
13.448
14.345
15.247
16.154
17.065
17.980
18.899
19.822
20.748
21.677
22.609
23.544
24.482
25.422
26.364
27.308
28.255
29.203
30.154
31.106
32.060
33.016
33.973
34.932
35.892
36.854
37.817
38.781
3.0
0.031
0.282
0.715
1.259
1.875
2.543
3.250
3.987
4.748
5.529
6.328
7.141
7.967
8.803
9.650
10.505
11.368
12.238
13.115
13.997
14.885
15.778
16.675
17.577
18.483
19.392
20.305
21.221
22.140
23.062
23.987
24.914
25.844
26.776
27.711
28.647
29.585
30.526
31.468
32.412
33.357
34.305
35.253
36.203
37.155
38.108
2.5
0.026
0.254
0.661
1.180
1.772
2.417
3.102
3.817
4.558
5.320
6.099
6.894
7.701
8.520
9.349
10.188
11.034
11.888
12.748
13.615
14.487
15.364
16.246
17.133
18.024
18.918
19.817
20.719
21.623
22.531
23.442
24.356
25.272
26.191
27.112
28.035
28.960
29.887
30.816
31.747
32.680
33.615
34.551
35.488
36.428
37.368
2.0
0.020
0.223
0.602
1.092
1.657
2.276
2.935
3.627
4.345
5.084
5.842
6.615
7.402
8.200
9.010
9.828
10.656
11.491
12.333
13.182
14.036
14.896
15.761
16.631
17.505
18.383
19.265
20.150
21.039
21.932
22.827
23.725
24.626
25.529
26.435
27.343
28.254
29.166
30.081
30.997
31.916
32.836
33.758
34.682
35.607
36.534

1.5
0.015
0.190
0.535
0.992
1.524
2.112
2.742
3.405
4.095
4.807
5.539
6.287
7.049
7.824
8.610
9.406
10.211
11.024
11.845
12.672
13.506
14.345
15.190
16.040
16.894
17.753
18.616
19.482
20.352
21.226
22.103
22.983
23.866
24.751
25.640
26.530
27.424
28.319
29.217
30.116
31.018
31.922
32.827
33.735
34.644
35.554
1.0
0.010
0.153
0.455
0.869
1.361
1.909
2.501
3.128
3.783
4.461
5.160
5.876
6.607
7.352
8.108
8.875
9.652
10.437
11.230
12.031
12.838
13.651
14.470
15.295
16.125
16.959
17.797
18.640
19.487
20.337
21.191
22.048
22.909
23.772
24.638
25.507
26.378
27.252
28.129
29.007
29.888
30.771
31.656
32.543
33.432
34.322
)B (em %
0.5
0.005
0.105
0.349
0.701
1.132
1.622
2.157
2.730
3.333
3.961
4.610
5.279
5.964
6.663
7.376
8.100
8.834
9.578
10.331
11.092
11.860
12.635
13.416
14.204
14.997
15.795
16.598
17.406
18.218
19.034
19.854
20.678
21.505
22.336
23.169
24.006
24.846
25.689
26.534
27.382
28.232
29.085
29.940
30.797
31.656
32.517
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
190
Traffic
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
33.381
34.246
35.113
35.982
36.852
37.724
38.598
39.474
40.351
41.229
42.109
42.990
43.873
44.757
45.642
46.528
47.416
48.305
49.195
50.086
50.978
51.872
52.766
53.662
54.558
55.455
56.354
57.253
58.153
59.054
59.956
60.859
61.763
62.668
63.573
64.479
65.386
66.294
67.202
68.111
69.021
69.932
70.843
71.755
72.668
73.581
74.495
75.410
76.325
77.241
78.157
79.074
79.992
80.910
81.829
82.748
83.668
84.588
85.509
86.431
87.353
88.275
89.198
90.121
91.045
91.970
92.895
93.820
94.746
95.672
96.599
97.526
98.454
99.382
100.310
101.239
102.168
103.098
104.028
104.958
105.889
106.820
107.752
108.684
109.616
110.549
111.482
112.416
113.349
114.283
115.218
116.153
117.088
118.023
35.215
36.109
37.004
37.901
38.800
39.700
40.602
41.505
42.409
43.315
44.222
45.130
46.039
46.950
47.861
48.774
49.688
50.603
51.518
52.435
53.353
54.272
55.191
56.112
57.033
57.956
58.879
59.803
60.728
61.653
62.579
63.506
64.434
65.363
66.292
67.222
68.152
69.084
70.016
70.948
71.881
72.815
73.749
74.684
75.620
76.556
77.493
78.430
79.368
80.306
81.245
82.184
83.124
84.064
85.005
85.946
86.888
87.830
88.773
89.716
90.660
91.604
92.548
93.493
94.438
95.384
96.330
97.277
98.223
99.171
100.118
101.066
102.015
102.964
103.913
104.862
105.812
106.762
107.713
108.664
109.615
110.566
111.518
112.470
113.423
114.376
115.329
116.282
117.236
118.190
119.144
120.099
121.054
122.009
36.466
37.380
38.296
39.212
40.130
41.050
41.971
42.893
43.816
44.740
45.666
46.593
47.521
48.449
49.379
50.310
51.242
52.175
53.109
54.043
54.979
55.915
56.852
57.790
58.729
59.669
60.609
61.550
62.492
63.434
64.378
65.322
66.266
67.211
68.157
69.104
70.051
70.998
71.947
72.896
73.845
74.795
75.745
76.696
77.648
78.600
79.553
80.506
81.459
82.413
83.368
84.323
85.278
86.234
87.190
88.147
89.104
90.062
91.020
91.978
92.937
93.896
94.856
95.816
96.776
97.737
98.698
99.659
100.621
101.583
102.545
103.508
104.471
105.435
106.398
107.363
108.327
109.292
110.257
111.222
112.188
113.153
114.120
115.086
116.053
117.020
117.987
118.955
119.923
120.891
121.859
122.828
123.797
124.766

37.462
38.392
39.323
40.255
41.189
42.124
43.060
43.997
44.936
45.875
46.816
47.758
48.700
49.644
50.589
51.534
52.481
53.428
54.376
55.325
56.275
57.226
58.177
59.129
60.082
61.036
61.990
62.945
63.900
64.857
65.814
66.771
67.729
68.688
69.647
70.607
71.568
72.529
73.490
74.452
75.415
76.378
77.342
78.306
79.271
80.236
81.201
82.167
83.133
84.100
85.068
86.035
87.003
87.972
88.941
89.910
90.880
91.850
92.821
93.791
94.763
95.734
96.706
97.678
98.651
99.624
100.597
101.571
102.545
103.519
104.493
105.468
106.443
107.419
108.395
109.371
110.347
111.323
112.300
113.278
114.255
115.233
116.211
117.189
118.167
119.146
120.125
121.104
122.084
123.063
124.043
125.023
126.004
126.984
38.310
39.254
40.198
41.144
42.091
43.040
43.989
44.940
45.891
46.844
47.797
48.752
49.707
50.664
51.621
52.579
53.538
54.498
55.459
56.420
57.383
58.346
59.309
60.274
61.239
62.204
63.171
64.138
65.105
66.073
67.042
68.012
68.982
69.952
70.923
71.895
72.867
73.839
74.813
75.786
76.760
77.735
78.710
79.685
80.661
81.638
82.614
83.592
84.569
85.547
86.526
87.504
88.484
89.463
90.443
91.423
92.404
93.385
94.366
95.348
96.330
97.313
98.295
99.278
100.262
101.245
102.229
103.213
104.198
105.183
106.168
107.153
108.139
109.125
110.111
111.098
112.084
113.071
114.059
115.046
116.034
117.022
118.010
118.999
119.987
120.976
121.966
122.955
123.945
124.935
125.925
126.915
127.905
128.896
39.062
40.018
40.975
41.933
42.892
43.852
44.813
45.776
46.739
47.703
48.669
49.635
50.602
51.570
52.539
53.508
54.478
55.450
56.421
57.394
58.367
59.341
60.316
61.291
62.267
63.244
64.221
65.199
66.177
67.156
68.136
69.116
70.096
71.077
72.059
73.041
74.024
75.007
75.990
76.974
77.959
78.944
79.929
80.915
81.901
82.888
83.875
84.862
85.850
86.838
87.826
88.815
89.804
90.794
91.784
92.774
93.765
94.756
95.747
96.738
97.730
98.722
99.715
100.708
101.701
102.694
103.688
104.682
105.676
106.670
107.665
108.660
109.655
110.651
111.646
112.642
113.639
114.635
115.632
116.629
117.626
118.623
119.621
120.619
121.617
122.615
123.614
124.612
125.611
126.610
127.610
128.609
129.609
130.609
39.747
40.714
41.681
42.651
43.621
44.592
45.564
46.537
47.511
48.486
49.462
50.439
51.417
52.395
53.375
54.355
55.335
56.317
57.299
58.282
59.266
60.250
61.235
62.220
63.206
64.193
65.180
66.168
67.156
68.145
69.134
70.124
71.115
72.106
73.097
74.089
75.081
76.074
77.067
78.061
79.055
80.049
81.044
82.039
83.035
84.031
85.027
86.024
87.021
88.019
89.017
90.015
91.013
92.012
93.011
94.011
95.011
96.011
97.011
98.012
99.013
100.014
101.015
102.017
103.019
104.022
105.024
106.027
107.030
108.034
109.038
110.041
111.046
112.050
113.055
114.059
115.064
116.070
117.075
118.081
119.087
120.093
121.099
122.106
123.113
124.120
125.127
126.134
127.142
128.150
129.157
130.166
131.174
132.182
40.381
41.358
42.336
43.316
44.296
45.278
46.260
47.243
48.228
49.213
50.199
51.185
52.173
53.161
54.150
55.140
56.131
57.122
58.114
59.106
60.100
61.093
62.088
63.083
64.078
65.074
66.071
67.068
68.066
69.064
70.063
71.062
72.062
73.062
74.062
75.063
76.065
77.067
78.069
79.071
80.075
81.078
82.082
83.086
84.091
85.096
86.101
87.106
88.112
89.119
90.125
91.132
92.140
93.147
94.155
95.163
96.172
97.180
98.190
99.199
100.208
101.218
102.228
103.239
104.249
105.260
106.271
107.283
108.294
109.306
110.318
111.331
112.343
113.356
114.369
115.382
116.396
117.409
118.423
119.437
120.451
121.466
122.480
123.495
124.510
125.525
126.541
127.556
128.572
129.588
130.604
131.620
132.637
133.653
40.976
41.963
42.951
43.940
44.931
45.922
46.914
47.907
48.901
49.895
50.891
51.887
52.884
53.882
54.880
55.879
56.879
57.879
58.880
59.882
60.884
61.887
62.891
63.895
64.899
65.904
66.910
67.916
68.923
69.930
70.937
71.945
72.954
73.963
74.972
75.982
76.992
78.002
79.013
80.024
81.036
82.048
83.061
84.073
85.086
86.100
87.114
88.128
89.142
90.157
91.172
92.187
93.203
94.219
95.235
96.251
97.268
98.285
99.303
100.320
101.338
102.356
103.374
104.393
105.412
106.431
107.450
108.470
109.489
110.509
111.529
112.550
113.570
114.591
115.612
116.633
117.655
118.676
119.698
120.720
121.742
122.765
123.787
124.810
125.833
126.856
127.879
128.903
129.926
130.950
131.974
132.998
134.022
135.047
41.540
42.537
43.534
44.533
45.533
46.533
47.534
48.536
49.539
50.543
51.548
52.553
53.559
54.566
55.573
56.581
57.590
58.599
59.609
60.619
61.630
62.642
63.654
64.667
65.680
66.694
67.708
68.723
69.738
70.753
71.769
72.786
73.803
74.820
75.838
76.856
77.874
78.893
79.912
80.932
81.952
82.972
83.993
85.014
86.035
87.057
88.079
89.101
90.123
91.146
92.169
93.193
94.216
95.240
96.265
97.289
98.314
99.339
100.364
101.390
102.415
103.441
104.468
105.494
106.521
107.548
108.575
109.602
110.630
111.658
112.685
113.714
114.742
115.771
116.799
117.828
118.857
119.887
120.916
121.946
122.976
124.006
125.036
126.066
127.097
128.128
129.159
130.190
131.221
132.252
133.284
135.347
136.379
N is the number of servers. The numerical column headings indicate blocking probability B in %.
191

Tra
affic
Pa
acket Swittched (PS
)S
6.1
.
Packet
P
1.6.1 )Caall (PC
1
2.6.1 Packett Session

2
)(5-1

19
92
Tra
affic
(
3.6.1 )
3

4.6.1
4

) (Appliication Laayer
TC
CP/IP

.

.
)(6-1
5.6.1 PS
5
PS

.
:


19
93
Tra
affic
6.6.1
6
Kbyte .bps

bps :
.
7.6.1
7
.
: Req Rate
R
: Bit Rate .
R
8.6.1
8

.
70%

.
)(7-1
19
94
Tra
affic
0.7

. 1/0.7=1.4

:
: Peak Faactor
: .
9.6.1 BE
9

): (Best Efffort Channnel Requireement Per Sub
S
__
KB . BH
: .

100.6.1 ) (BE
)(8-1
19
95
Traffic
:
numberofsubs Q
Q BE
11.6.1
1000

25 mE
40 KB
Speech BH Traffic per sub

PS Average uplink traffic

196
Capacity

Cap
pacity
C
Capacity
Eb/No

1.2
.

) (1-2
)(1-2
) (No
) (Eb

).(2-2

)(2-2
Eb

No
dB
B :
. 10
1

198
8
Cap
pacity
BL
Eb/No BER LER
E
1.1.2
1
Eb/No
) (33-2 BER BLER A
Eb No
1dB B Eb/No .6dB E
.

)(3-2
Ebb/No
2.1.2
2

(Eb/N
BLER )No=1dB
Eb/No BERR
E
) (4-2
.
BL
BERLER
)(4-2
Ebb/No

BER BLER
) .(UE
199
9
Cap
pacity
Eb/No 3.1.2
3
WCDMA 1500 .
A

.
)(5-2

A
BER A B )) (5-2
) ( B

.
) (
:
(A BER
R = B BER
R) but (A Eb/No
E
)> B Eb/No

.
4.1.2 )(33GPP
4
(3G
)GPP

.UE
).(6-2
(33,50,120Km
)m/h
200
0
Cap
pacity

)(6-2
E
5.1.2 Eb/No
5
:
Eb//No
.
Ebb/No

Eb/Noo
.100%
RX .
Ebb/No
.
Ebb/No
.

Eb/Noo )(

.


201
1
Cap
pacity

Eb/Noo
).(7-2
)(7-2

Eb/Noo
).(8-2
)(8-2

202
2
Cap
pacity

Eb/Noo
).(9-2
)(9-2
)) (HSDPA

Eb/No

Acttive Set (A
)AS

.

203
3
Cap
pacity

Eb/Noo
).(10-2
(
)(10-2
:

.
Eb/N
o No
Eb/N .
o No
UpL
Link Capaccity
2.2
WCDM
MA
.
E
Eb/No
AND
D (Carrierr/Interfereence) C/I 1.2.2
1
) Despreeading (
Eb/No
:
:
No
N

: Eb/No Eb

. :

Eb= S :

204
4
Cap
pacity

B
No=N N :
N/B
:
B :

S
N I
.

Ebb/No :
Eb/N
No=+10log
)g(PG
(1
)11-2
(
)(11-2

205
5
Cap
pacity

2.2.2
2

.(RA
)AB
.
:

.

F :

: :
10
F
3.2.2
3
)
F
.

)(12-2
F
(
)(12-2

206
6
Cap
pacity
4.2.2
4
.

).(13-2
.RA
AB
(
)(13-2
5.2.2
5

.3Km//h
TU
U
(
)(14-2

207
7
Cap
pacity
HS
6.2.2 SDPA
6

.Eb/No HSDPA
E

Eb/No Sofft handoverr
Sofft
Soft haandover
Eb/Noo
.handoover
:
HSDPA
Eb/No A
o
_
:
:K ) Sooft handovver .((26%
SHO
S
NO_S
SHO
: Eb/No .Sofft handoverr

/
: Ebb/No .Sooft handovver
.

Eb/No
).(15-22
HSDPA
H

(
)(15-2
nLink Cap
pacity
3.2
Down

.

.

208
8
Capacity

. BS .

.
1.3.2
.
.
.
.
.
AS
:
: C/I .
: .
:F .
:K .Soft/Softer Handover
AS
: .
:b ) b2 .(soft handover
: soft handover.
: .
C/I ):(

209
Capacity
) ( .
)(
][dB
0.5
0.4
2.0
1.6
0.0
Environment
TU,3Km/h
TU,50Km/h
RA,3Km/h
RA,50Km/h
RA,120Km/h

TU .3Km/h
):(
.

.
0.15
0.64
Environment
)Rural Area (RA
)Typical Urban (TU
2.3.2 F
F . F

:
F
0.48
0.72
0.84
Site configuration
Omni
Three-sector
Six-sector

210
Capacity

3.3.2 Soft Handover )
, B AND
(K,
b
K
.
)K (%
23
26
29
0.67
0.67
0.68
Site configuration
Omni
3-Sector
6-Sector

.3-sector
4.3.2 )

.
:
RB configuration
)(%
102
Speech 12.2 kbps RB + 3.4 kbps

SRBs
64 kbps CS RB + 3.4 kbps SRBs
64 kbps PS RB + 3.4 kbps SRBs
128 kbps PS RB + 3.4 kbps SRBs
384 kbps CS RB + 3.4 kbps

SRBs
57.6 kbps CS RB + 3.4 kbps
SRBs
Streaming 64 kbps PS RB + 8
kbps PS RB= 3.4 kbps SRBs
6
6

211
Capacity
5.3.2

.TU,3Km/h
Service Type
Conversational/Speech 12.2kbps
RB + 3.4 kbps SRB
Conversational 64 kbps CS RB +
3.4 kbps SRB
Interactive 64 kbps PS RB + 3.4
kbps SRB
kbps SRB
kbps SRB
Streaming 57.6 kbps CS RB + 3.4
kbps SRB
Streaming 64 kbps PS RB + 8 kbps
PS RB + 3.4 kbps SRB
Streaming 128 kbps PS RB + 8
kbps PS RB + 3.4 kbps SRB
Conversational 64 kbps CS RB + 8
kbps PS RAB 3.4 kbps SRB
Conversational/Speech 12.2 kbps
CS RB + 0 kbps PS RAB 3.4 kbps
SRB
Conversational/Speech 12.2 kbps
CS RB + 64 kbps PS RAB 3.4
kbps SRB
60
7.8
8.9
5.4
1.9
11
10
6.2
6.3
60
7.4
4.2
Best Effort (BE) Circuit Switched (CS) WCDMA
BE ( CS RABs) ) (
.PS RABs
212

Capacity
= traffic_per_sub_CS/max possible conversational channels.

= BE_CH_Req/max possible packet channels.
PS
:
_
,CS
BE_CH_Req
BE_CH_Req
PS 64 Kbps
:
_
_
,
,CS
1.4.2
WCDMA .100%
70% 75% .
MaximumUplinkLoad=70%
MaximumDownlinkLoad=76%

213
Coverage

Cov
verage
WCDM
MA Coverrage
1.3
:

:

.

d .
)(1-3
( 4d :
)
P
G
G :
PG
A :
P
S .A

215
5
Coverage
:
P G G
G G
loss
dB :
10log G
10log G
20log
20log
10
G G
10log
10log loss
10
.20
FreeSpacePathLossL

. .
. dBi ) 10log(G
L .
.
) (.

.
. :
.
.
.

......

216
Coverage
.
.

. -
).(Okumura-Hata
1.1.3 Okumura-Hata
][dB
a H
6.55logH logR
13.82logH
44.9
:
A=155.1 A=147.9
A=135.8 A=125.4 .
:H ]. [m
:H ].[m
:R ].[Km
4.97
A H 0
3.2 log 11.75 H
a 1.5 1.5m
.
H =30m H =1.5m - :
35.22logR
20.41
:
a=155.1-20.41=134.69
a=147.9-20.41=127.49
a=135.8-20.41=115.39
a=125.4-20.41=104.99
b=35.22

217
Cov
verage
][km
:R
2.3

L UEs

) (PUE

RBs
R
SUL )(3-2
)(2-3
(L
)

)(3-3

SUE
PTX,

)(3-3
.

:

][dBm
SUL
U
PUE

218
8
Cov
verage
:
[dB
]B
:B
][dB

:L
][dBi
:G
).(4-3
)(4-3
:

][dBm
SUE
PTX,
:
[d
]dB
:B
[dB
]B

:L
][dBi
:G

219
9
Cov
verage
).(5-3
)(5-3
3.3
:

) [dB] (BIUL
) [dB] (BIDL

[dB] (BLN

) NF
) B] (BPC

[dB
1.3.3
1

) (6-3

) .(BIUL

)(6-3
220
0
Cov
verage
:

) (BIUUL
dB
1 log
10
BIUL
0.1
Q
2.3.3
2
( ) (BIDL

)

WCDMA
W

.

.

)(7-3
: BIDL

dB
F
N NR
10 log 1
BIDL
:
CPICH 1
H
: .
) .

:F
F (2.1
221
1
Cov
verage
:P .
)W/Hz

:N
10
3.9
98
.( 174dBm
m/Hz
:N .(7dB==5.01) UE
.
:L

) (=1

.(RSCP/RSSI) Ec/No
.CPIICH ) (=1 P-CPPICH

RSSI
)
3.3.3
3
).(8-3
)(8-3
) (

.

222
2
Coverage
. .
.
.
.

.
.

. dB
LNF 6-12 dB .
WCDMA 50%
BLNF
.
Soft HO HO
HO
.HO
Jakes .GSM
HO Hard HO .Soft HO Hard HO HO
TDMA . HO
. Soft HO
. HO .
LBPL
. LBPL
LBPL .
.BPL
.f

223
Cov
verage
.
BPL f
LNF

.8-9 dB
LNNF

.LNF
:
LNF
LNF
LNF
)(9-3

)(9-3

:

.LNF
14
12
10
9
9
8
10
8
6
Environmeent
E
D
Dense
urbaan
Urban
Suburbann
) (BLNF

224
4
Cov
verage
(
(10-3)
BLNF

E
Environmen
nt
Rural,
suburban
Urban
D
Dense
Urbaan,
suburban
indoor
U
Urban
indooor
D
Dense
urbaan
indoor
[dB]
6
75%
%
-4.11
85%
%
-1.7
Area
90%
0.0
8
10
-3.99
-3.88
-0.9
-0.1
1.1
2.3
4.1
5.9
7.2
2
9.6
6
12
14
-3.88
-3.88
0.6
6
1.1
3.4
4.3
7.5
9
12.1
14.3
95%
%
2.3
98%
%
4.6
6
:
( BLNF )

E
Environmen
nt
Rural,
suburban
Urban
D
Dense
Urbaan,
suburban
indoor
U
Urban
indooor
D
Dense
urbaan
indoor
225
5
[dB]
6
75%
%
-4.77
85%
%
-2.3
Area
90%
%
-0..7
8
10
-4.55
-4.44
-1.4
-0.6
0.5
1.8
3.44
5.22
6.4
4
8.9
9
12
14
-4.11
-4.11
0.2
2
0.7
7
2.9
3.9
7
8.66
11.6
13.8

95%
%
1.5
98%
%
3.8
8
Coverage
) (BLNF :
Environment
Area
90%
0.5
85%
-1.2
75%
-3.7
][dB
6
8.1
10.6
4.9
6.7
1.8
3.1
-0.2
0.6
-3.4
-3.1
8
10
13.1
15.3
8.4
9.9
4.2
5.1
1.3
1.8
-3.1
-3.1
12
14
98%
5.5
95%
2.9
Rural,
suburban
Urban
Dense Urban,
suburban
indoor
Urban indoor
Dense urban
indoor
4.3.3
.
.
.
BPC .
.
.
RA,120
km/h
0.0
RA,50
km/h
1.0
TU,50
km/h
0.0
RA,3
km/h
4.5
TU,3
km/h
0.7
Environment
]BPC [dB
4.3
) [dB] (LBL
) [dB] (LCPL
) [dB] (LBPL
) [dB] (LASC
) Jumper
[dB] (LJ ) Jumper
) [dB] (LF
[dB] (L

226
Coverage
1.4.3

.
.
) (LBL . ETSI 3dB 1900
.MHz
.
2.4.3
) (LCPL
.
3.4.3
LBPL
.
4.4.3
ASC RBs
LASE .
5.4.3 Jumper
Jumper
. ASC .
:(LJ ) Jumper
ASC Jumper
)Antenna Syastem (ASC
.Controller
: LF
) (LF . ASC LF
.
227
Cov
verage

ASC
5.3
. GA
.

0 dBi .

(
)(11-3
6.3
:
[dB] BIUL
[dB] BLN

NF
B] BPC

[dB
:
ASC
[dB] LBL

[d
dB] LCPL

][dB
[

LBPLL
[dB] LJ Jumper

[dB] GA

228
8
Cov
verage
(
)(12-3
1.6.3
1

[d
]dB
Gant
LJ
LCPL
LBPL
LBLL
BPC
BLNF
BIU
UL
SUL
Lpm
max
PUE
2.6.3
2
LF dBm
Eb
No
1
10logR
info
Nf
Nt
SUL
)(-174 dBm/Hz

:Nt
(ASC
A
ASSC 3.33 dB
:Nf ) 2.3 dB
:Rinfo ][bpps
:Ebb/No
][dB
) 0 dB (ASC
:LF
WCDM
3.6.3 MA
3
][km
[
10
Rpmaxx
:
]a /b [dB
[
Lpmax

229
9
Cov
verage
4.6.3
4
)(13-3

(
)(13-3
5.6.3 DPA
5
HSD
2.5-3
2
HSDPA dB

HS-DPCC
DCH CH
H
.DC
CH
HSDPPA
BE
E
HSSDPA

HSDPA

WC
CDMA
HSDPA
H
.
HSD
DPA

PS

.
64 kbps CS 64 kkbps
k

PS 384 kbbps RB
HSDPA
PS 64 kbpps RB
PS 64
PS 64 kbbps RB
.
.PS 3884 kbps RB
B
kbpss RB

230
0
Cov
verage
7.3
TM
MA
ASC

.
(
)(14-3
1.7.3
1
Pnom,RBS = MCPA
M
pow
]wer cabinnet losses [W
[
2.7.3
2
LASC
LF
][dBm
Lj
Pnom,RBS
Pnom,ref
:Pnomm,RBS
C
Jumper
:Lj
:LF
ASC
C
:LASC

231
1


WCDMA
WCDMA BER
.Spreading Factor
.
.Rake Receiver
.
.
1.1 MatLab

.
2.1 WCDMA
) (1-1 .WCDMA
)(1-1

234
WCDMA
1.2.1 :
.I
:Channel Coding .
) (2-1 .
)(2-1
:CRC Calculation
CRC
.
:TrBlk Concatenate Code Blk Segment

.
:Channel Coding .
.Turbo
:Rate Matching .
:1st Interleaver .
:Radio Frame Segmentation
.
.II
:WCDMA
.
) (3-1 .

235
WCDMA
)(3-1
:Ph Channel Segmentation

.
:2nd Interleaver .
:TPC Bits .
:Slot Builder PI TFCI
.
.III
: .
) (4-1 .
Scrambling
Spreading
SCH Generating
Power Adjusting
Multiplexing
Introduce Interference
DPCH Mapping
Introduce Common
Channel
)(4-1
236
WCDMA
:DPCH IQ Mapping
I/Q I
.Q
:Common Channels Generator :
.P-CPICH
.PICH
.P-CCPCH
:Spreading Channelization Code SF
.
:OCNS Generator OCNS 16
Channelization Code
.3GPP Walsh Code
.
:WCDMA Scrambling Scrambling Code
Gold .10ms
.
:WCDMA SCH Generator SCH
3GPP SCH SCH SCH.
:WCDMA SCH Multiplexer SCH
Scrambling Code P-CCPCH 256
. SCH .
:WCDMA Power Adjustment
. OCNS
Node-B .3GPP
:Raised Cosine Transmit Filter
.
. 2

237
WCDMA
.
.
. .Pulse Shaping
2.2.1 :
) (5-1
)(5-1
:Rayleigh Fading
.
:AWGN Channel

.
.
3.2.1 :
.I
).(6-1
)(6-1
238
WCDMA
:Raised Cosine Receive Filter

.
:WCDMA Rake Receive .
Channelization Code .Gold
.
.
:IQ Demapping
.
:Slot Rebuilder WCDMA

.
.II
WCDMA ).(7-1
)(7-1
:WCDMA Slot Splitter

.
:2nd De-Interleaver
.

239
WCDMA
:Ph Channel Concatenation

.
.III
:Channel Decoding
).(8-1
)(8-1
:WCDMA Syndrome Detector CRC

3GPP
.
3.1 WCDMA

Channelization Code Scrambling Code .
) (
Channelization Code
.3.84Mchip/s ) UE (
Scrambling Code .
Channelization Code Scrambling Code
.

240
WCDMA
4.1 WCDMA
) (9-1 .
)(9-1
UE

SNR.
1.4.1
) (10-1
.

241
WCDMA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(10-1)
242

WC
CDMA
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.
.SF
.Chhannelizatiion Code
.Scram
mbling Codde
SNR.
S

.

.
.

.MS
Bit Erroor Rate (B

)BER

5.1
BER
WCDMA
A

.
BER
R
) (111-1 BER
.M
Matlab
(
)(11-1

:
WCD
DMA
24
43
WCDMA
Direction UL.DL
Spreading Factor
.
Rake Receiver
.
Users
.
Channel Type AWGN
.
Plot
Plot BER
Hold
Figure .Plot BER
6.1 Matlab
Matlab

Work Space .
) (12-1 .
)(12-1
:Simout WorkSpace )
(Structure .
SNR
.SNR
244
WCDMA
;snr_min = -20
;snr_max = 10
;snr_step = 0.5
;SNR = snr_min:snr_step:snr_max
;))BR = zeros(1,length(SNR
for i = 1:length(SNR),
i
;)snrdB = SNR(i
;)'sim('Name Of Simulink Model
;)BR(i) = simout(length(simout),1
if BR(i)==0
break
end
end
)plot(SNR,BR
grid
)'xlabel('SNR
)'ylabel('Bit Error Rate
:snr_min .SNR
:snr_max .SNR
:snr_step .SNR
:SNR -20 10 0.5 61
:BR SNR .
For
.SNR
:SnrdB
.
:sim .
i BR .i If )(
For 0
0 SNR .
BER SNR .Plot

245


WCDMA
.
:

.ERLANG
:
.Best Effort
.
64Kbps .BH
:

. .
. .
.
MPole .
.
1.2
) (1-2 .
.
. ) (1-2 .

247
)(1-2

Uplink

.

.

).(2-2
)(2-2
24
48
) ( 95% A 1
:
) (15 Km2 ) (30m )(70%
)(76%
45,000
64,000
166,000
350,000
550,000
UMTS

UMTS
45,000
64,000
166,000
350,000
550,000

UMTS
6,400
24,900
59,500
121,000

UMTS
6,750
12,400
24,900
59,500
121,000
)(
45,000
64
64
64
64
64
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%

249
BHCA
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
BHCA

0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
)(
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
CS
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
)(
CS

UL
DL
3,600
4,100
5,000
6,000
7,000
UL/DL
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
PS

250


WC
CDMA
1.1

) (11-1-a
.
WCD
DMA

)) (1-1-b

)(1-1-aa
)(1-1-b
) (2-1-b

) (2-11-a

( )) (2-1-c
) (2-1-d .
(
......

25
53
WC
CDMA
(
)(2-1-b
)(2-1-a
(
)(2-1-d
)(2-1-c
.16QAM
QPSKM
DPC ) (3-1-b
CH
) (3-1-a

DPCH
.
DPCH
H
) (3-11-C
)(3-1-cc
(
)(3-1-b

))(3-1-a
25
54
WCDMA
)(4-1
)(4-1
2.1
BER
SNR :
.
.SF
.
.
.
.
. :
)(DL/UL, SF, With Rake/Without Rake, Single User/Multi Users, Channel Type
) (DL128R01 128
.
) (5-1 SF
. .
) (6-1 SF .
.
.
.

255
WCDMA
)(5-1
)(6-1
) (7-1 .
.
.
) (8-1 .

Channelization Code Scrambling Code
.
256
WCDMA
)(7-1
)(8-1
WCDMA :
WCDMA .
.
) WCDMA (
) (.
WCDMA .
.

257
WCDMA
WCDMA
.
.
WCDMA
. .
TDMA AMPS
. WCDMA
1.23MHz 10% .

258

3G
1.2
) (
: ( 1 )
sec=3;
%3-Sector Site
indr_cov=0.95;
cov_area=15;
ant_ht=30;
fdr_typ='LCF 7/8';
jmp_con_loss=1;
ant_gain=18.5;
ASC=true;
ant_jmp_loss=0.2;
max_UL_load=0.70;
max_DL_load=0.76;
Pnom=17.4;
UE_max_pwr=24;
%Indoor Coverage
%Coverage Area of 15Km^2 [Km^2]
%Anenna height [m]
%Feeder Type
%Jumper and connector loss [dB]
%Antena Gain [dBi]
%Antenna System Controller [boolean]
%Antenna Jumper Loss [dB]
%Maximum Uplink
%Maximum Downlink Load
%Radio Bearer Station [w]
%UE Maximum Output Power [dBm]
S_UL_CS=-124.5;
%UE Sensetivity UL CS
S_UL_PS=-120.1;
%UE Sensetivity UL PS
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%
Subscriber Base
num_UMTS_sub =45000;
num_UMTS_voice_sub =45000;
num_UMTS_CS_data_sub =0;
num_UMTS_PS_data_sub =6750;
%%%%%%
Subscriber Distribution
cityA_urban=45000;
cityB_urban=0;
%%%%%%
Busy Hour Traffic Per Subscriber For Circuit Switched
Data and Voice
avr_data_rate_per_user=64;
%[Kbps]
Blocking_rate=0.02;
BHCA_speech=0.44;
BHCA_video_telephony=0.09;
avr_speech_call_duration=3.0; % Mean Holding Time MHT[min]
avr_CS_call_duration=7.2;
%[min]
%%%%%
Data
Busy Hour Traffic Per Subscriber for Packet Switched
BH_UL_DL_data_vol_per_subs=3600; %[kbit]
ratio_UL_DL_traffic=0.1;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
260

3G
2.2
.

.
: :
Erlangs
Traffic(A)=BHCAMHT
Traffic(A)=22mE
.

.
BH Traffic per sub(mE)=Aweighting factor
BH Traffic per sub(mE)=(45000/45000)22=22mE
PS BH Kbit KB:
BH UL+DL data volume per subs(Kbit) =3600
Ratio Uplink/Downlink traffic=10%
440
40
400
KB in BH-Total
KB in BH-UL
KB in BH-DL
Average PS Kbyte in BH=Kbyte in BHWeighting factor

AVE.UL PS KB in BH=(6750/45000)40=6 KB
AVE.DL PS KB in BH=(6750/45000)400=60 KB
:
BH Requirement
22 mE
6 KB
60 KB
Service
Speech
UL-PS-data
DL-PS-data

261
3G
:
%%% 1- Traffic Calculation
%%%%CS (61)
Trf_CS=BHCA_video_telephony*avr_CS_call_duration/60;% Erlang
Trf_CS=Trf_CS*1000;%mE
Trf_SP=BHCA_speech*avr_speech_call_duration/60;% Erlang
Trf_SP=Trf_SP*1000;%Me
%Average CS Traffic Profile(63)
ASP=num_UMTS_voice_sub/num_UMTS_sub;
ACS=num_UMTS_CS_data_sub/num_UMTS_sub;
Trf_sub=(Trf_SP*ASP)+(Trf_CS*ACS); % mE/Sub Traffic
rng=5-(mod(Trf_sub,5));
Trf_sub_rng=Trf_sub+rng;
Trf=Trf_sub*num_UMTS_sub ;%[mE] Network Offered Traffic
BH_UL_DL_data_vol_per_subs_KB=BH_UL_DL_data_vol_per_subs*1000/(8*1024
); %[KByte] Data Volume UL+DL
BH_DL_data_vol_per_subs_KB=BH_UL_DL_data_vol_per_subs_KB/(1+ratio_UL_
DL_traffic);
BH_UL_data_vol_per_subs_KB=BH_DL_data_vol_per_subs_KB*ratio_UL_DL_tra
ffic;
APS=num_UMTS_PS_data_sub/num_UMTS_sub;
UL_PS_data=BH_UL_data_vol_per_subs_KB*APS;
DL_PS_data=BH_DL_data_vol_per_subs_KB*APS;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
:UL :
UL 70% 20%
( 2.2 dB ) 40% .DL 76%

.
%2- Assume UL Load
UL_load=0.4; % 0.20<UL_load<0.70
num_site_cap=0;
num_site_cov=1;
262

3G
:(40% )UL :
Mpole ( M) Qc
:
M=QcMpole
70 3 UL Mploe
M=0.470=28 channels
Erlang 28 2% GoS
20.15 Erlangs
Offerd Traffic=number of substraffic per sub
number of subs=offerd Traffic/traffic per sub
number of subs=20.15/2210-3 916
( 3)
: . 2748
Total number of subs/subs supported by a site =17 site
.(40%) UL
while(num_site_cap~=num_site_cov)
%3- Sites Capacity
M_pole_UL=70;
num_of_ch_cap=M_pole_UL*UL_load;
j=Blocking_rate*100*2+1;
c=xlsread('ERLANG');
off_trf=c(num_of_ch_cap+1,j);
num_of_sub_cell=ceil(off_trf/(Trf_sub*0.001));
num_of_sub_site=sec*num_of_sub_cell;
num_site_cap=ceil(num_UMTS_sub/num_of_sub_site); %[sites]
:UL :
:(40%)
Link Budget terms
(a)PUE
(b)SUL
(c)BIUL
263
Speech,TU3
24
-124.5
2.2

PS,TU3
24
-120.1
2.2
3G
(d)Urban Indoor BLNF

(e)BPC
(f)LBL
(g)LBPL
(h)LJ
(i)Ga
Lpmax=a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h+i
Lowest Lpmax
(OH) cell Range (R) R=10a
Where a=(Lpmax-a)/b [dB]
a=134.69,b=35.22
7.5
0.7
3
18
0.2
18.5
135.4
7.5
0.7
0
18
0.2
18.5
134
134
0.956
Site coverage(9/8)(3)(R2)
Sites Required for 15 Km2
1,78 Km2
8.4249
.40% UL 9
%4- Sites Coverage
BIUL=10*log10(1/(1-UL_load));% UL Margin P128
L_BL_CS=3;
LOSS_CS=7.5+0.7+L_BL_CS+18+ant_jmp_loss;
Lp_max_CS=UE_max_pwr-S_UL_CS-BIUL-LOSS_CS+ant_gain;
L_BL_PS=0;
LOSS_PS=7.5+0.7+L_BL_PS+18+ant_jmp_loss;
Lp_max_PS=UE_max_pwr-S_UL_PS-BIUL-LOSS_PS+ant_gain;
Lowest_Lp_max=min(Lp_max_CS,Lp_max_PS);
%%
a=134.69 ;% For Urban Area Okomura Hata P149
b=35.22;
alpha=(Lowest_Lp_max-a)/b;
R=10^alpha; % Cell Range [Km] P191
site_cov=(9/8)*(sqrt(3))*(R^2); % surface [Km2]
num_site_cov=ceil(cov_area/site_cov); %[sites] P191
UL_load=UL_load+0.1;
if (UL_load>0.7)
msgbox('No Sites could be handled')
break
end
end
:/ :
9 UL 17
. .40%
264

3G
while UL . 11
.60%
%5- Balance
;UL_load=UL_load-0.1
% num_site_cap
% num_site_cov
: :
:
11 60% .UL 11
33.
45000/33=1363.61364 sub/sector
UL .Qmax=45%
60% 11 .UL
DL Qmax=95% 75% .DL
Qmax UL DL
. 15 Qmax
UL 0.333 33.3% 60% 15 .UL
Qmax DL 0.703 70.3% 75% 15
DL.
%6- Check maximum load is not exceeded
;num_sec=sec*num_site_cap
sub_per_sec=ceil(num_UMTS_sub/num_sec); % [subs/sector]P196
;M_pole_PS_UL=16
;M_pole_DL=60
;M_pole_PS_DL=8.9
Peak_UL=1.4; % (1/0.7)Load P79
;Peak_DL=1.4
Qmax_UL=sub_per_sec*(((Trf_sub/1000)/M_pole_UL)+(UL_PS_data*1024*8*Pe
ak_UL/(3600*64*1000*M_pole_PS_UL)));%P196
if Qmax_UL>UL_load
)'msgbox('No Sites could be handled / UL load exceeded
else

265
3G
Qmax_DL=0.9; %Initial Value.

num_site_cov=num_site_cov-1;
while(Qmax_DL>0.75)
num_site_cap=num_site_cap+1
num_sec=sec*num_site_cap;
sub_per_sec=ceil(num_UMTS_sub/num_sec); %
[subs/sector]P196
Qmax_DL=sub_per_sec*(((Trf_sub/1000)/M_pole_DL)+(DL_PS_data*1024*8*Pe
ak_DL/(3600*64*1000*M_pole_PS_DL)))%P196
end
msgbox(strcat('The total number of
Sites=',num2str(num_site_cap)),'Sites')
end

.
.
266


Switcching Tech
hnologies
1.1
:
.Circuit Switching
S
.1
.Packet Switching
S
.2
Circuit Switching
S
1.1.1
1
(.......
FDM TDM

) (1-1
(
Circuit
.

) (1-1
:

.1
.2
.3
.4

Bandwidthh.
.
:
.

(
) Saturation
.

268
8
Packet Switching
S
2.1.1
2
. PS

CS .

Packets
.

).(2--1
) (2-1
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.
.

.
.
.


269
9
1.2 Duplexing Technologies
:
.
.
:
.I ).Frequency Division Duplex (FDD
.II ).Time Division Duplex (TDD

1.1.2 Frequency Division Duplex
UL DL FDD
Guard Band ).(1-2
GB .
)(1-2
:FDD
.1
.2
.3
.4
FDD Full Duplex :

....
.
: GB ULDL
.
Planning & Optimization :
.

270
:FDD
.1 UL DL
Symmetric Application
Asymmetric Application
) (2-2 .Bandwidth
)(2-2
.2 GB UL
DL .
.3 :
.I Diplexer .
.II Sharp .
BS

Half Duplex .
2.1.2 Time Division Duplex
UL DL
.GB TDD UL DL
. Subframe UL
DL ).(3-2

271
TDD Guard Intervals UL DL

)Transmit-Receive Transition (TTG
Gap )Receive-Transmit Transition (RTG
.Gap
)(3-2
:TDD
.1 Bandwidth
UL.DL
.2
.Diplexer
:TDD
.1 . PLMN
.2 .
.3 TTG Round Trip Delay
.

272
1.3 Pulse Shaping
Sinc Raised Cosine

) (1-3 )Inter Symbol (ISI
.Interference
Raised Cosine:
| |f
B
|| f
|0 |f
|| f
cos
: .
: B
. 0,
)(1-3
:
: Rolloff

10

273
:
.

.

.
.
3.5 HSUPA HSDPA
.
.
) Digital Signal Processor (DSP

Microphone DSP DSP

Speaker DSP

.

274
:
1- WCDMA Air Interface/Ericsson/EN/LZT 123 7279 R4A.
2- Ericsson WCDMA System Overview/LZT 123 6208 R3A.
3- Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications.
4- BER PERFORMANCE SIMULATION OF RAKE RECEIVER
FOR WCDMA SYSTEM.
5- IEEE Communications Magazine/July 1997/0163-6804/97.
6- WCDMA Radio Network Design/Ericsson/LZU 108 5173 R6A.
7- GSM SYSTEM SURVEY/Ericsson/ STUDENT TEXT EN/LZT
123 3321 R3B.
8- Adaptive WCDMA Theory And Practice University of Oulu,
Finland.
9- Efficient ASIG Implementation Of A WCDMA Rake Receiver.
:
. . . . / /
280

3G: Third Generation

3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership
Project
A
Active
AICH: Acquisition Indicator Channel
Allocated Fingers
Amps: Advanced Mobile Telephone
System
ASC: Antenna System Controller
ASK: Amplitude Shift Keying
AUC: Authentication Center
AWGN: Additive White Gaussian
Noise
B
BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel

BE: Best Effort
BER: Bit Error Rate
BLER: Block Error Rate
Blocking
BTS: Base transceiver Station
C
Camel: Customized Application For
Mobile Enhanced Logic
CCCH: Common Control Channel
CDMA: Code Division Multiple

Access
Cell
Channel Estimation
Channel Profile
Chip Rate
Chipping
CN: Core Network
Combined Symbol
275

CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check
D
DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel
Detected
DL: Down Link
DPCCH: Dedicated Physical Control
Channel
DPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data
Drop timer
DSB_SC: Double Side Band
Suppressed Carrier
DTCH: Dedicated Traffic Channel
E
Echoes
EIR: Equipment Identity Register
Equal Gain Combing
F
FACH: Forward Access Channel
FDD: Frequency Division
Multiplexing
FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple
Access
FEC: Forword Error Correction
Fingers
FSW: Frame Synchronization Words
G
GMSC: Gateway Mobile Services
Switching Center
GoS: Grade Of Service
GPRS: General Packet Radio Services
GSM: Global System For Mobile
Communications
H
HLR: Home Location Register
HO: HandOver
276

ID: Identity
Idle
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber
Identity
Interleaving
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital
Network
ISI: Inter Symbol Interference

L
Logical Channels
LoS: Line Of Sight
LS: Land Station
M
MAC: Medium Access Control

Monitored
MRC: Maximum Ration Combining
MS: Mobile Station
MSC: Mobile Services Switching
Center
MTSO: Mobile Station Switching
Office
Multipath Fading
Multiplexing
N
NMC: Network Management Center

O
OMC: Operation & Maintenance
Center
OSI: Open System Interconnection
OVSF: Orthogonal Variable
Spreading Factor
P
Packet Session
277

PC: Packet Call

PCCH: Paging Control Channel
P-CCPC: Primary Common Control
Physical Channel
P-CPICH: Primary Common Pilot
Channel
Physical Channel
PICH: Paging Indicator Channel

Pilot Bits
Power Control
PS: Packet Switched
PSK: Phase Shift Keying
Pulse Shaping
Q
QAM: Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation
QoS: Quality Of Service
QPSK: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RAB: Radio Access Bearer

RACH:Random Access Channel
Rake Receiver
RAN: Radio Access Network
Rate Matching
Rayleigh Fading
RLC: Radio Link Control
RRC: Radio Resource Control
S
S-CCPCH: Secondary Common
Control Physical Channel
SCH: Synchronization Channel
SF: Spreading Factor

Signaling
278


( )
SIR: Signal Interference Ratio

Sliding Correlator
SNR: Signal Noise Ratio
SS7: Signaling System Number7
T
TDD: Time Division Multiplexing

TDMA: Time Division Multiple
Access
TFCI: Transport Format Combination
Indication
Time Slot
TPC: Transmission Power Control

Traffic
Transport Channel
TRAU: Transcoder and Rate Adapter
Unit
U
UE: User Equipment

UL: Up Link
UMTS: Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access
V
UMTS
VHE: Virtual Home Environment

VLR: Visitor Location Register
W
WCDMA: Wide Band Code Multiple
Access
279


Arabic Book For Wcdma 3g GSM 2g Gprs Umts Planning

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Arabic Book For Wcdma 3g GSM 2g Gprs Umts Planning

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WCD

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

FDMA ,TDMA ,CDMA

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

FSK (M-ary FSK) MSK :

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

2.1.2 )Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

3.1.2 )Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

IS-95 )Multiple Access (MAI

sequeence pseudo nooise sequennce . PN

u j + n = hnu j hn 1u j +1 ........ h1u j + n 1

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

.6 :The run property

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Feedback Taps for m-sequences

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

" " TO < TS TO

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

:Mobilee Services Switchingg Center (M

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

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890 - 915/935 - 960 MHz

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

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5.2.1 Solution To Transmission Problems

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

:Polarrization Diiversity .III

Eng. Wassim Mahrouka

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Block3 132 Bit

.78 Bit ) (Bllock Coderr

132Bits " 4Tail Bits