1.

0 ABSTRACTS
This experiment about free and forced vortex.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Analysis of fluid flow is often accomplished by simplifying assumptions with respect to the
kinematics of the flow, by assuming simplified patterns of fluid motion as represented by
streamlines. Vortex motion is a basic flow pattern; it is defined as motion in circular paths.
There are two types of vortices distinguished in the dynamics of the motion and the resulting
velocity distributions. These are forced and free vortices.
The forced vortex is caused by external forces on the fluid such as the impeller of a pump. In
a forced vortex motion, the fluid mass is made to rotate by means of some external source of
power, which exerts a constant torue on the fluid mass and, therefore, the fluid mass rotates
with a constant angular velocity. !or example, a vertical cylinder containing liuid and
rotating around its central axis with a constant angular velocity flow through the impeller of a
centrifugal pump.
In the free vortex motion, the fluid mass rotates without any external force. It rotates either by
internal action or due to some rotation previously imported to it. !or example, flow through
an opening at the bottom of a shallow vessel such as washbasin or a bath tub, flow around a
bend, whirpools, or tornadoes.
In this experiment, a forced vortex is created by a rotating plate filled with blades while free
vortex is created by only a rotating plate.
3.0 OBJECTIVES
". To determine the surface profile of a forced vortex.
#. To investigate the physical phenomena associated with a free vortex
RESULTS
Experiment 1: Free Vortex
Diameter at
Centre, D
(mm)
Measure
d Height,
h (mm)
Pitot
Tube
Head
Differenc
e, H
(mm)
Pressure
Head /
Depth of
the Pitot
Tube, X
(mm)
r (mm) r
(mm)
1/r
(1/mm)
! "# " $! $%& #'(
&%&&1')
(
) !$ 1) ) $1%# ($%) &%&&$1(
)1 # 1" #1 1#%# $&%) &%&&1(
$1 ( $# '$ 1&%# 11&%$# &%&&"&'
Experiment 2: Forced Vortex
Distance from
Centre(mm)
ho (mm)
1
st
2
nd

rd
! " ("
)(
! "( '&
)"
"! "! '1

1!! 1&$ ')

'
#o of re$o%&tions in
'!s $' )&
))
(n)&%ar Ve%ocit*(rad+s) $%!) )%1
)%(
$A%$&%ATI'(
Diamete
r at
Centre,
D (mm)
Measure
d Height,
h (mm)
Pitot
Tube
Head
Differenc
e, H
(mm)
Pressure
Head /
Depth of
the Pitot
Tube, X
(mm)
r (mm) r
(mm)
1/r
(1/mm)
! "# " $! $%& #'(
&%&&1')
(
) !$ 1) ) $1%# ($%) &%&&$1(
)1 # 1" #1 1#%# $&%) &%&&1(
$1 ( $# '$ 1&%# 11&%$# &%&&"&'
Gradient of the graph = 5751 mm
3
Error: Reference source not found =5751
Therefore, K = 106 mm

!s
= Error: Reference source not found
= ""#6 mm!s
$s a resu%t,
r(mm) Ca*cu*ated +e*ocit,
(mm/s)
$%& $%(
$1%# "%&
1#%# (!#%)
").* ")"".+

r
K
V =
Experiment Va%&es
Experiment 2: Forced Vortex
Distance from
Centre(mm)
ho (mm)
1
st
2
nd

rd
! " ("
)(
! "( '&
)"
"! "! '1

1!! 1&$ ')

'
#o of re$o%&tions in
'!s $' )&
))
(n)&%ar Ve%ocit*(rad+s) $%!) )%1
)%(
&a%cu%ation
'or the 1
rd
(o%umetric f%o) rate:
*um+er of re(o%utions in 60 seconds: 3,

= Error: Reference source not found

= #,3 rad ! s
h =
=
-"Error: Reference source not found


= -"#0mm .ca%cu%ated/
Calculated value :
#
#
)
#
r
g
w
h +
Distance from
Centre(mm)
h (mm)
1
st
2
nd

rd
! " ("
)(
! "% ("%
)(%)'
"! "(%& '1%&
)!%&
1!! "!%1 ')%1
&%1
#o of re$o%&tions in
'!s $' )&
))
(n)&%ar Ve%ocit*(rad+s) $%!) )%1
)%(
!orced Vortex ,1
st)



'orced 0orte1 .2
nd)

!orced Vortex ,
rd)