Checklist of Vascular Plants of The Czech Republic

Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic
Seznam cvnatch rostlin kvteny esk republiky

De d i c a t e d t o t h e c e n t e n a r y o f t h e C z e c h Bo t a n i c a l S o c i e t y ( 1 9 1 2 2 0 1 2 )
Ji D a n i h e l k a
1, 2
, Jindich Ch r t e k J r .
3
& Zdenk K a p l a n
3
1
Department of Botany & Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlsk 2,
CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail: danihel@sci.muni.cz;
2
Institute of Botany,
Department of Vegetation Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidick
25/27, CZ-657 20 Brno, Czech Republic;
3
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Prhonice, Czech Republic, e-mail: chrtek@ibot.cas.cz,
kaplan@ibot.cas.cz
Danihelka J., Chrtek J. Jr. &Kaplan Z. (2012): Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic.
Preslia 84: 647811.
A checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic is provided, based on the Kubt et als Key to
the flora of the Czech Republic from 2002 and volumes 7 and 8 of the Flora of the Czech Republic
as taxonomic reference, and incorporating numerous floristic, taxonomic and nomenclatural novel-
ties. Native, alien, both naturalized and casual, as well as frequently cultivated taxa are included.
Species, subspecies, nothospecies and nothosubspecies, and some frequently used variety names
are listed. For cultivated plants, the taxonomic rank of Group is widely applied. For practical pur-
poses, 188 species aggregates and other informal species groups are defined. References are made
to corresponding taxonyms in the Key or the two Flora volumes when name or orthography changes
occurred. Most important changes in nomenclature, taxonomy, recently described taxa and addi-
tions to the countrys flora are annotated. The flora of the Czech Republic includes 3557 species
(plus 194 additional subspecies) and 609 (plus 13 additional nothospecies) hybrids. Of these, 2256
species are native, 464 naturalized (228 archaeophytes and 236 neophytes) and 837 casual aliens.
Further, 324 cultivated taxa of different ranks are listed. The list includes categorizations of alien
species of Pyek et al.s second edition of the Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic and
Red List categorizations of Grulichs third edition of the Red List of vascular plants of the Czech
Republic, both published in Preslia in 2012.
Ke y wo r d s: alien plants, Czech Republic, flora, native plants, nomenclature, species list
Introduction
The last comprehensive outline of the Czech flora is that in the field guide Kl ke kvten
esk republiky (Key to the flora of the Czech Republic; Kubt et al. 2002), which was
published 10 years ago. However, since then there has been considerable progress in plant
taxonomy and floristics, which is the reason why this publication is in some respects now
obsolete. There is an obvious need for a new inventory of this countrys vascular plant
diversity that incorporates as much of this progress as possible and provides a taxonomic
and nomenclatural basis for botanical studies, species surveys in nature conservation and
vegetation and floristic databases.
Preslia 84: 647811, 2012 647
Historical background
Species lists or, in current terminology, checklists are closely connected to floras. The for-
mer may often provide the scientific basis for the latter and, vice versa, as checklists need
floras as a scientific reference if they are to be more than just a list of plant names. Thus the
history and development of checklists cannot be separated fromthose of floras. As there is
a detailed review of this topic in the present issue of Preslia (Krahulec 2012), only brief
information is provided here.
The first three floras covering approximately the territory of the current Czech Repub-
lic (i.e. Bohemia, Moravia and the Czech part of Silesia) were published between 1887
and 1912 (elakovsk 1887, 1897, Polvka 19001904, 1912). The scope of major floras
and species lists published after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918 included the
whole nation (Polvka et al. 1928, Domin 1936, Dostl et al. 19481950, Dostl 1954,
1958, 1982, 1989), i.e. the current Czech Republic, Slovakia and in the first two publica-
tions even the province of Zakarpatska Oblast in the Ukraine, which was then a part of
the former Czechoslovakia. Of the works cited, Plantarum echoslovakiae enumeratio
(Domin 1936) and Seznam cvnatch rostlin kvteny eskoslovensk (Dostl 1982) are
modern species lists.
The first volume of a modern multi-volume flora, Flora of the Czech Republic,
appeared 24 years ago, and since then eight of 10 planned volumes have been published
(Hejn et al. 1988, 1990, 1992, Slavk et al. 1995, 1997, 2000, 2004, tpnkov et al.
2010). These volumes include treatments of most vascular plant families except Juncaceae,
Cyperaceae, Poaceae and a few additional species-poor monocotyledonous families.
The lack of a modern one-volume comprehensive flora covering the current Czech ter-
ritory has been viewed with increasing concern since the 1980s. There were attempts to
make some of the recent developments in taxonomy and nomenclature easily available to
the botanical public in an annotated regional checklist (Smejkal 1980) and to provide an
interim list of vascular plants for specialized purposes (Holub et al. in Neuhuslov &
Kolbek 1982). Field botanists often compensated for this deficit by using modern compact
field guides published for two of the neighbouring countries, namely Germany (e.g. Schu-
bert & Vent 1982) and Austria (Fischer 1994). The Czech National Phytosociological
Database was established in 1996 (Chytr & Rafajov 2003), using an updated unpub-
lished version of the Liste der Gefpflanzen Mitteleuropas (Ehrendorfer 1973, H. Nikl-
feld, unpubl.) and for the use by nature conservationists an interim list was compiled by
J. Chrtek Jr. in 1998 (unpubl.). The growing gap between taxa and names accepted in the
national literature and current taxonomic knowledge became even more evident when the
Red List of vascular plants of the Czech Republic (Holub & Prochzka 2000) was pub-
lished. The users faced a taxonomy and nomenclature unknown to most of them. To com-
pensate for this a modified edition, with different taxonomy and conservative
nomenclature, was published one year later (Prochzka 2001).
In 1994 a new project aimed at producing a one-volume flora, coordinated by J. Holub,
a leading Czech plant taxonomist, was started. Three years later treatments of only a few
difficult genera had been completed with the help of other botanists, but the work
remained unfinished. Unfortunately, further development was interrupted by the death of
the main editor in July 1999. In autumn 1999, a team of six editors was formed in
Prhonice and work on this one-volume flora was resumed. As a result the Key to the flora
648 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
of the Czech Republic was published in autumn 2002 (Kubt et al. 2002). Ninety years
after the publication of a flora covering only the current Czech territory and 44 years after
the publication of a previous comprehensive one-volume flora in Czech, the national
botanical community was given a modern field guide that could also be used as a checklist.
In the same year, a Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (Pyek et al. 2002) was
published, which was an almost complete inventory of all the alien vascular plants ever
recorded in the Czech Republic.
Recent developments
The major changes in taxonomy that occurred during the last few decades are based on rou-
tine applications of molecular methods in plant systematics, which were driven by the need
for a natural classification, i.e. one reflecting the evolutionary relationships of species and
other groups of populations. These changes concern both major taxonomy, i.e. the scope and
arrangements of plant orders and families, which had little effect on field botany, but more
apparent and of immediate concern to anyone using scientific plant names were the changes
in generic circumscriptions, usually associated with changes of names. Further name
changes resulted fromdetailed taxonomic research belowthe rank of genus or species. Since
2002, there have been many changes in plant names for taxonomic reasons. Another reason
for the changes in plant names is the application of nomenclatural rules (International Code
of Botanical Nomenclature, ICBN, McNeill et al. 2006; since 2011 The International Code
of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants, ICN). Though one of the purposes of these
rules is to stabilize the nomenclature, careless use of some names in the past or lectotypi-
fications of names published decades and centuries ago may result in inevitable changes of
names. These changes are perceived as particularly disruptive and unnecessary. However,
compared to the changes for taxonomic reasons, they are much less frequent as responsible
workers in plant taxonomy and nomenclature make use of procedures, including conserva-
tion and rejection of names, which stabilize the nomenclature.
There is also a lot of new information that resulted from research into the flora of the
Czech Republic (e.g. Kaplan 2010, Krahulec et al. 2011, Rooks et al. 2011, Rotreklov et
al. 2011, tpnek et al. 2011). Since 2002, about 19 species and 2 subspecies from this
country have been described as new to science, most of them members of apomictic gen-
era or stenoendemics (see Kaplan 2012). Many other taxa, previously known in other
countries, were recorded as additions to the Czech vascular flora including both native and
more frequently alien (most of them are reviewed in annual reports by Hadinec et al.
[20022005] and Hadinec & Lustyk [20062012]). Pyek et al. (2012), who summarize
the additions to the alien flora since 2002, record that during the last decade there were 151
new taxa added, most of them unintentionally introduced or escapes from cultivation.
Apart from the developments in plant taxonomy and nomenclature and new information
on the flora of this country, there was considerable progress in the description and inventory-
ing of vascular plants both in neighbouring countries and Europe. In Austria, two editions of
a field flora appeared during the last decade (Fischer 2005, 2008) and an annotated checklist
was compiled for South Tyrol/Alto Adige (Wilhalm et al. 2006), most of which was co-
authored by members of the same team based in Vienna. For Germany, a new checklist was
published four years ago (Buttler & Hand 2008), followed by a new edition of Rothmalers
Danihelka: Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic 649
flora (Jger 2011), the latter serving as a taxonomic reference for the former. Cultivated
ornamental herbs, vegetables and other crops are covered by an additional volume of
Rothmalers flora (Jger et al. 2008). There are also checklists of vascular plants for
Slovakia and Poland (Marhold &Hindk 1998, Mirek et al. 2002). At the European scale, an
inventory of the European plant diversity, the Euro+Med Plantbase (Euro+Med 2006
onwards), will be completed in a few years time and in November 2011 treatments of 148
plant families, including about 90% of Europes vascular flora, were already published. In
parallel, a spatial inventory of the European flora, the Atlas Florae Europaeae, is being pro-
duced (latest volume by Kurtto et al. 2010), in which the distribution maps are accompanied
by valuable taxonomic accounts. There are also other specialist projects, such as that which
produced the inventory of European alien plants (DAISIE 2008). In addition, these develop-
ments, together with the increase in international communication and collaboration, have
stimulated progress in taxonomy and field botany at the national level, however, there is
a growing need to match national taxonomic schemes with those used in neighbouring coun-
tries to facilitate communication. Such a need is also urgent for international collaboration in
ecology and vegetation science (e.g. Dengler et al. 2011), both of which are dependent on
the exchange of data and establishment of international databases; information loss due to
incongruent taxonomies constitutes a serious problem.
Purpose of the list
The purpose of this checklist is (i) to summarize most of the progress in taxonomy and
nomenclature of central-European vascular plants and (ii) to include in as far as possible
new knowledge about this countrys flora acquired during the last decade, and present
a complete list with consistent and up-to-date taxonomy. This checklist was used as a basis
for an inventory of alien taxa published recently (Pyek et al. 2012) and also the revised
Red List of Czech vascular plants, published simultaneously (Grulich 2012). It may serve
as a working basis for a newedition of the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic, which is
increasingly needed, and may also be used in biodiversity research, education, nature con-
servation, agriculture, forestry and other fields where plant names are used.
Scope of the list
We intended to include in this list all vascular plants, species and subspecies, native to the
Czech Republic, both recently occurring and extinct or vanished. We also include all alien
species recorded at least once in the Czech Republic, i.e. not only those naturalized or
repeatedly introduced, but also those established in the past and now considered vanished
(Pyek et al. 2012). There are also about 302 names of frequently cultivated taxa that have
never escaped from cultivation in this country. With the inclusion of casual and cultivated
taxa, our approach differs from that of most other authors of checklists, who usually list
only native and naturalized alien species (e.g. Buttler &Hand 2008). We decided to do this
because casual aliens and cultivated species are often the subjects of botanical and ecolog-
ical studies, referred to in technical texts and included in databases. In all these cases, it is
sometimes very difficult for a non-taxonomist to find the correct names that match the tax-
onomy used for native and naturalized taxa.
650 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
The practice described above concerns both species and subspecies. Of the varieties,
we list only those included in Kubt et al. (2002) and those that correspond to the taxa
ranked therein as subspecies. Some of themare of little taxonomic value but they may rep-
resent distinct morphotypes traditionally recognized by field botanists.
We applied similar rules for the inclusion of hybrids, formally recognized as
nothospecies and nothosubspecies. Only a few of them may be considered taxa almost
equal to species or subspecies. Actually, most of them are not a permanent part of our
flora: they neither propagate generatively nor have distributions independent of their par-
ents, and usually occur as single specimens. Despite that, they are occasionally recorded in
the field, listed in surveys and referred to in botanical and ecological studies.
For practical purposes, we include species aggregates and rarely also some other infor-
mal species groups or formal infrageneric taxa. Aggregates were introduced by Manton
(1958) and are widely used in central-European literature, for instance, in the Liste der
Gefpflanzen Mitteleuropas (Ehrendorfer 1973). Species aggregates should be based
mainly on evolutionary relationships but some of them may also include similar species
that are difficult to separate, especially when in the vegetative stage. For this reason, aggre-
gates are frequently used in phytosociology, community ecology and nature conservation
studies. Based on our field experience and floras of neighbouring countries, we define
some additional species aggregates to those already included in the Key to the flora of the
Czech Republic.
From a technical point of view, the list should contain all species, nothospecies and
infraspecific taxa included in the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic (Kubt et al.
2002). In addition, we checked volumes 7 and 8 of the Flora of the Czech Republic (Slavk
et al. 2004, tpnkov et al. 2010) and all relevant national and local floristic literature, as
well as the second edition of the Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (Pyek et
al. 2012) for records of new species and subspecies. We also indicate if only the type sub-
species occurs in this country and another subspecies is currently recognized in Europe,
which is information not given by some contributors to the Key to flora of the Czech
Republic or the Flora of the Czech Republic. We usually compared the information from
the Flora of the Czech Republic with treatments in major European floras (e.g. Tutin et al.
19681980, 1993, Jonsell 2000, 2001, Jonsell &Karlsson 2010), the Euro+Med Plantbase
(Euro+Med 2006 onwards) or the Atlas Florae Europaeae (e.g. Kurtto et al. 2004), which
resulted both in addition of some type subspecies and removal of others. As far as culti-
vated species are concerned, we include some additional species treated in earlier volumes
of the Flora of the Czech Republic and printed in standard-size typeset. We realize that our
choice is non-systematic and that some widely cultivated taxa may be missing as the
assortment of ornamental plants has changed considerably over the last two decades. How-
ever, there is currently no reliable survey of the most widely planted ornamental species.
Taxonomy
The basic taxonomic reference for this list, i.e. identification keys, taxonomic delimita-
tions and brief morphological descriptions of most of the species, subspecies and varieties,
and parental formulas of hybrids, is the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic (Kubt et al.
2002), whereas in Asteraceae and most monocotyledonous families (including Acoraceae,
Alismataceae, Amaryllidaceae, Araceae, Asparagaceae, Butomaceae, Colchicaceae,
Hydrocharitaceae, Iridaceae, Juncaginaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Nartheciaceae,
Orchidaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Tofieldiaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae)
the circumscription of these taxa follows that in the two volumes of the Flora of the Czech
Republic (Slavk et al. 2004, tpnkov et al. 2010) that were published later. For some
native species described recently, a reference to the original publication is given in Appen-
dix 2. However, we do not have a direct taxonomic reference for some alien (mainly casual
and cultivated) species in the national floras. Here we usually accept the taxonomy and
nomenclature in the floras covering the native range of the species concerned (most fre-
quently the Flora of North America and Flora of China) but this is not indicated in the list.
In compiling this checklist the most difficult decisions were those concerning the
generic concepts, which is the main source of name changes. This was particularly diffi-
cult because of contrasting traditions. The checklist and flora published by Dostl (1982,
1989) and the early volumes of the Flora of the Czech Republic and the Red List compiled
by Holub & Prochzka (2000) use very narrow generic concepts, which are often not
appreciated by users. This was the main reason for the editors of the Key to the flora of the
Czech Republic applying wide generic concepts and, consequently, the traditional nomen-
clature used in the contemporary central-European authoritative publications. No matter
how understandable and practical this conservative taxonomy may be, we believe that
a modern biological classification should also reflect relationships between taxa. It should
therefore integrate data from both phylogenetic studies and informative phenetic concepts
in order to serve as a practical tool for communication.
Bearing those principles in mind, numerous changes were made in favour of either nar-
rowly or broadly defined genera in comparison with the generic delimitations in the Key to
the flora of the Czech Republic and volume 7 of the Flora of the Czech Republic. We based
our decisions on a combination of morphological criteria and results of molecular studies.
No changes were made if recent studies are contradictory or if the authors themselves con-
sidered their results preliminary. We believe that in these situations hasty decisions that are
likely to be changed within a few years are worse than delaying the use of scientific infor-
mation. Practical aspects also played a role in our decisions. In order to make international
scientific communication easier, we considered the generic delimitations used in neigh-
bouring countries (Buttler & Hand 2008, Fischer 2008, Jger 2011) as well as those
adopted in the Euro+Med checklist (Euro+Med 2006 onwards), Flora Nordica (Jonsell
2000, 2001, Jonsell & Karlsson 2010) and recent volumes of the Atlas Florae Europaeae
(e.g. Kurtto et al. 2004). For practical reasons, we decided to keep some morphologically
distinct and well-known genera traditionally recognized by Czech botanists, such as
Batrachium, Dentaria, Duchesnea and Erophila. We retained the traditional generic
delimitation in Orchidaceae as used by Kubt et al. (2002) and tpnkov et al. (2010),
rendering the decisions to the authors of Orchidaceae treatment and editors of the next
edition of the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic. The same applies to other families
covered by volume 8 of the Flora of the Czech Republic and, due to uncertainty, to some
other groups, such as Primulaceae subfam. Myrsinoideae or, apart from one minor
change, Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae.
From a formal point of view, there is no difference between species in sexually propa-
gating and apomictic groups. However, even the species concepts applied in apomictic
genera substantially differ. While in Rubus, only morphotypes representing usually one or
652 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
several clones with a distribution range occupying an area larger than 20 km in diameter
are currently recognized as species (Weber 1977, 1996, Holub 1997), there is no threshold
value applied in Sorbus or Hieracium. In fact, even within Hieracium, different species
concepts are applied in different groups. In this respect, we made no taxonomic decisions
and accept concepts applied by the corresponding specialists.
Compared to the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic, changes in circumscriptions
concern the following genera:
Actaea: incl. Cimicifuga
Anemone: excl. Anemonastrum
Anthemis: excl. Cota
Arabidopsis: incl. Cardaminopsis
Arabis: excl. Fourraea, Pseudoturritis and Turritis
Asplenium: incl. Ceterach and Phyllitis
Aster: excl. Bellidiastrum, Eurybium, Galatella and Symphyotrichum
Atriplex: incl. Obione
Avenula: excl. Helictochloa
Bassia: incl. Kochia, but excl. Sclerolaena and Sedobassia
Centaurea: incl. Cnicus, but excl. Psephellus
Chaerophyllum: incl. Myrrhoides
Chenopodium: excl. Dysphania
Clinopodium: incl. Calamintha
Corydalis: excl. Pseudofumaria
Crypsis: incl. Heleochloa
Dicentra: excl. Lamprocapnos
Dipsacus: incl. Virga
Elymus: incl. Elytrigia
Helichrysum: excl. Xerochrysum
Hieracium: excl. Pilosella
Leontodon: excl. Scorzoneroides
Lepidium: incl. Cardaria and Coronopus
Lithospermum: excl. Buglossoides
Lotus: incl. Tetragonolobus
Lychnis: excl. Viscaria
Odontites: incl. Orthantha
Orobanche: excl. Phelipanche
Panicum: excl. Dichanthelium and Hopia
Persicaria: excl. Rubrivena
Peucedanum: incl. Imperatoria
Potamogeton: excl. Stuckenia
Potentilla: excl. Comarum, Dasiphora and Drymocallis
Rhaponticum: incl. Stemmacantha and Acroptilon
Rhododendron: incl. Ledum
Rhus: excl. Toxicodendron
Scilla: excl. Othocallis
Serratula: excl. Klasea
Silene: incl. Cucubalus, but excl. Atocion
Sinapis: incl. Leucosinapis
Stipa: incl. Achnatherum
Thelypteris: incl. Lastrea
Thlaspi: excl. Noccaea
Vaccinium: incl. Oxycoccus
Veronica: incl. Pseudolysimachion
The most difficult taxonomic rank was subspecies. These difficulties were briefly men-
tioned by Buttler & Hand (2008), and we share their opinions. Generally speaking, two
subspecies should not occur sympatrically; if their ranges overlap, they should be isolated
either ecologically or by different phenology (see also Jonsell 2004). In our opinion, the
rank of subspecies is overused in Czech botanical literature and some traditionally recog-
nized subspecies are only geographically isolated single populations or morphotypes that
do not merit this taxonomic rank. In other cases, the subspecific rank may be correct but
the corresponding subspecies do not occur in the Czech Republic and the name is misap-
plied to populations that represent taxonomically unimportant variation. Therefore, in
a few cases we did not accept subspecies recognized in the Key to the flora of the Czech
Republic and in some volumes of the Flora of the Czech Republic or we replaced them by
varieties. However, in many other instances, infraspecific classifications should be tested
before they are rejected or replaced by other schemes. The rank of subspecies is particu-
larly unsuitable for the infraspecific classification of crops and other cultivated species, in
which the variation is generated artificially and has no geographic pattern. Preferably, cul-
tivated plants may be classified as separate species or, if morphological differences are less
pronounced, separated from their wild relatives as varieties. Similarly, the recognition of
subspecies in weeds of arable land may also be in many cases inappropriate.
The striking variation in cultivated taxa is not controlled by natural selection: it is often
induced and maintained by man. Therefore, we consider it inappropriate and misleading if
infraspecific taxa defined by the ICBN are used for describing this variation, as frequently
happened in the past (e.g. the treatment of Brassica in Kubt et al. 2002). The resulting hier-
archical systems were complicated and of little informative value. Based on the International
Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP; Brickel et al. 2009), we adopted the
formal category of Group (skupina in Czech) for this kind of variation, which may com-
prise cultivars, individual plants or combinations thereof on the basis of defined character-
based similarity. By applying the criterion of genomic constitution, we reduced the number
of wheat species (Triticum) from eight in Kubt et al. (2002) to three, comprising altogether
eight groups (see Mabberley 2008). In a similar way, Brassica oleracea now contains 10
groups instead of 10 varieties, and B. rapa two varieties instead of subspecies, and six
groups, two of themrepresenting B. chinensis and B. pekinensis, formerly treated as species.
In a few instances, we include some widespread cultivars in the list.
In Appendix 1, we assign all taxa to families. For seed plants we accepted the family
circumscriptions in version 11 of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (Stevens 2001
onwards), which further develops the APG III classification (Angiosperm Phylogeny
Group 2009). In ferns, the assignements of genera to families follows Smith et al. (2006).
Scientific names and their authors
In general, all names included on this list should comply with the ICBN (McNeill et al.
2006). Unfortunately, in a few cases (namely in apomictic genera) we accepted provi-
sional names that have not been validly published yet; there are fewer of them than there
were in the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic. In addition, we retained a few names
that should have been replaced by other names if the ICBN had been rigidly applied: for
instance, Erysimum odoratum should be replaced by E. hieracifolium, Salix rubens by
654 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
S. fragilis and Nonea pulla by N. erecta. We consider these changes disruptive and the
one concerning Salix particularly confusing. In order to prevent these disadvantageous
changes, we believe that formal proposals for conservation or rejection should be made.
As explained above, we include all names of hybrids so far recorded in the Czech
Republic. Hybrid names are sometimes considered unnecessary as hybrids may be
denoted by hybrid formulas. Hybrid names, however, are easier to handle in databases
than are formulas and may prevent botanists reporting hybrids that do not exist. Some
morphologically well-defined hybrids can even be distinguished and known under their
binomials although their exact parentage is unclear or uncertain (Kaplan & Fehrer 2011).
For these reasons we preferred binomials to hybrid formulas. Unfortunately, some of the
names accepted in the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic had to be replaced by formu-
las for nomenclatural reasons and detailed taxonomic revisions are likely to greatly reduce
the number of hybrids in some groups and result in further changes in their names.
Together with the names, we provide the nomenclatural authors. Article 46.1 of the
ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006) clearly states: In publications, particularly those dealing with
taxonomy and nomenclature, it may be desirable, even when no bibliographic reference to
the protologue is made, to cite the author(s) of the name concerned. Therefore, the
author(s) are not part of the name and should be omitted, for instance, fromspecies lists pub-
lished for nature reserves, other species surveys, photographic atlases and papers dealing
with plant physiology or autecology. They represent a brief reference to the protologue and,
consequently, to the type of that name. However, they do not provide an unambiguous taxo-
nomic reference because the current circumscription of many taxa is very different from the
original one. Despite that, we list plant names together with their authors. The main reason
for this is that we do not have a taxonomic reference for those alien species not treated in the
Key to the flora of the Czech Republic or in the Flora of the Czech Republic, and thus this is
the only kind of reference we are currently able to provide. (In fact, taxonomic authors cited
in original sources turned out to be quite helpful when we tried to interpret some old records
of alien species.) Another reason is the tradition of doing so.
Taxonomic authors are abbreviated following the standard of the International Plant
Names Index (IPNI 2004 onwards). Unlike in the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic
the authors are cited including those before ex. If we noted a difference between the
ascription given therein and in other sources, we usually revised it after consulting the
protologue. Compared to the situation in the past, this is nowsubstantially easier due to the
IPNI and electronic libraries of old or rare biological literature (e.g. Biodiversity Heritage
Library). Consequently, our ascriptions may differ from those given in recent sources,
such as Jonsell (2000, 2001), Kubt et al. (2002), Jonsell & Karlsson (2010), Euro+Med
(2006 onwards) or Jger (2011).
Standard Czech names
In general, we accepted standard Czech names from the Key to the flora of the Czech
Republic (Kubt et al. 2002) with minor corrections and modifications, taking into
account mainly names used in Slavk et al. (2004) and tpnkov et al. (2010). Compared
to Kubt et al. (2002), we removed some alternative generic names in genera such as
Anemone and Rumex that were introduced earlier for their segregates (e.g. Anemonoides,
Acetosa and Acetosella), for instance, by Hejn et al. (1988, 1990) or Dostl (1989). In
contrast, we retained these names as alternative names in some segregate genera accepted
here (e.g. Anemonastrum or Hylotelephium) and also in some genera that are likely to be
subject to splitting in the future (e.g. Sedum). For a fewgenera not included in the key or in
the Flora of the Czech Republic, we usually accepted generic names used by Dostl (1982)
or other authors. For Symphyotrichum, a segregate genus of Aster, we suggest astika
as Czech generic name, but a Czech name for Eurybia is still lacking. We slightly reduced
the number of alternative species names or specific epithets. In contrast to Kubt et al.
(2002), we prefer regular binomials to common one-word names, even in genera such as
Acer, Prunus, Sorbus and Vaccinium, however, we accept these originally vernacular
names as standard alternative names that may equally be used in scientific texts, textbooks
and popular texts, depending on authors preferences and style. We also suggest some new
names for alien or cultivated species. For this we first checked the literature for existing
names; if no suitable name was found, we accepted names or epithets most frequently used
on the Internet in pages dealing with horticulture and gardening. In a few other cases, we
translated the epithet of the scientific name or suggested a different one, based usually on
some morphological characters and other features of the plant concerned. Czech names of
cultivars and groups of cultivated plants may be easily formed by combining the Czech
standard name with the name of a cultivar or group, e.g. bytel metlat prav Tricho-
phylla for Bassia scoparia subsp. scoparia Trichophylla or oves set skupina Con-
tracta for Avena sativa Contracta Group; for this reason, we do not provide them in
Appendix 1. In these cases, which are usually ornamental plants, vegetables and other
crops, we sometimes provide previously well-established vernacular names such as letn
cypiek and smetkov oves. They should not be combined with Czech standard
names when used.
Checklist and taxonomic diversity
The new checklist of vascular plants of Czech Republic is given in Appendix 1. Together
with the complete checklist we provide invasive status and residence time status of alien
species based on the second edition of the Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic
(Pyek et al. 2012) and Red List categories of the third edition of the Red List of vascular
plants of the Czech Republic (Grulich 2012). References are given to the Key to the flora
of the Czech Republic (Kubt et al. 2002) and to volumes 7 and 8 of the Flora of the Czech
Republic (Slavk et al. 2004, tpnkov et al. 2010) if the name or taxons circumscrip-
tion accepted here differ from taxonyms and circumscriptions accepted therein. We also
provide standard Czech names.
Most important changes in nomenclature, taxonomy, recently described taxa and addi-
tions to the flora of the Czech Republic are annotated in Appendix 2. References to
Appendix 2 are given at the corresponding entries of Appendix 1. In Appendix 2 we also
annotate 49 taxa and names listed in Kubt et al. (2002) and some other sources that should
be excluded from this countrys flora; they are Alopecurus pratensis subsp. pseudo-
nigricans, Agrostis castriferrei (A. canina A. stolonifera), A. mercieri (A. canina
A. capillaris), Arctium pubens, Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum, Asplenium
trichomanes subsp. inexpectans, Atriplex hortensis A. sagittata, Avena nuda, Azolla
656 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
mexicana, Bromus grossus, B. inermis B. pumpellianus, B. riparius, Carex nigra subsp.
juncella (see under C. nigra), C. wolteri (C. pseudocyperus C. vesicaria), Centaurea
jacea subsp. subjacea, Cerastium biebersteinii, C. litigiosum, Dryopteris affinis s. str.,
D. affinis D. expansa (see both under D. affinis s. lat.), Echinops pellenzianus (E. exal-
tatus E. sphaerocephalus), Eleusine japonica, Festuca pratensis subsp. appenina,
F. trichophylla, Filago gallica, Glyceria maxima G. notata (G. digenea), Gnaphalium
traunsteineri (G. sylvaticum G. norvegicum), Helianthus atrorubens, Koeleria
macrantha K. pyramidata, K. pseudocristata, Lathyrus articulatus, Leontodon incanus,
Mantisalca salmantica, Parapholis strigosa, Peucedanum officinale, Phleum rhaeticum
(see under Ph. alpinum), Poa compressa P. pratensis (P. schurii, nom. inval.), Poa
langiana (see under P. compressa), Puccinellia limosa, Rubus bertramii, R. fuernrohrii,
Saxifraga hirculus, Silene pseudotites (see under S. otites), Sorbus carpatica, Taraxacum
lancidens, T. uliginosum, Teucrium marum, Urtica dodartii, Veronica acinifolia and Vitis
vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Some of these taxa were included by Kubt et al. (2002) only as
likely to occur and some of the taxa and names were excluded already by the authors of the
corresponding treatments in the Flora of the Czech Republic (Slavk et al. 2004) or of
monographic studies. Here we attempt to summarize this information at one place.
The list of vascular plants with a complete inventory of the Czech flora presented in
Appendix 1 has 5422 entries. The Czech flora includes 3557 species (plus 194 additional
subspecies
1
) and 609 (plus 13 additional nothosubspecies) hybrids. Of these (hybrids not
considered), 2256 species (plus 145 additional subspecies) are native, 464 (plus 26) natu-
ralized
2
(228 plus 17 archaeophytes and 236 plus 9 neophytes) and 837 (plus 23) casual
aliens (of these, 62 plus 2 archaeophytes and 775 plus 21 neophytes). In total, the alien
flora of the Czech Republic consists of 1301 species plus 49 additional subspecies except
hybrids (see Pyek et al. 2012 for more details). In addition 324 cultivated taxa of different
ranks are listed. Altogether 188 species aggregates and other informal groups are defined.
The whole Czech vascular fora, both native and alien, includes representatives of 916 gen-
era nad 8 nothogenera. The native species are members of 114 families (see Electronic
Appendix 1 for the list of families and their codes). Naturalized archaeophytes and neo-
phytes add further 6 and 10 families, respectively. If casual aliens are included, the total
number of plant families represented in the flora of the Czech Republic makes up 148,
with archaeophytes and neophytes contributing additional 2 and 16 families, respectively.
Ten most species-rich families (hybrids not included in the ranking) are listed in Table 1.
On the other hand, 31 families are represented in the Czech flora by a single species, either
native or alien. For more information on taxonomic composition, species-rich genera and
phytogeography see Kaplan (2012) in this issue of Preslia.
1
If a species is represented by a single subspecies in the Czech Republic or if no subspecies are recognized, no
additional subspecies is counted. If a species is represented by two subspecies in the Czech Republic, one
(mostly the type subspecies) is included in the species count and the other under addditional subspecies. For
those species with three subspecies two counts are included in additional subspecies, etc. For this reason, our
counts necesarilly differ from those reported by Pyek et al. (2012) for alien species as numbers given by these
authors are based on all terminal taxa of different ranks, including varieties and groups and cultivars in cultivated
plants.
2
All Red-Listed archaeophytes (see Grulich 2012) were considered as naturalized.
Table 1. The largest families in the Czech flora. Numbers of species and subspecies are given for native, natural-
ized and casual taxa, and hybrids. In contrast to Pyek et al. (2012) all Red-Listed archaeophytes (see Grulich
2012) were considered naturalized. The counts given for Asteraceae and Rosaceae include large genera with
chiefly apomictic species, namely Hieracium, Pilosella and Taraxacumin the former and Rubus, Alchemilla and
Sorbus in the latter.
Family Native taxa Naturalized Casual Hybrids
Archaeophytes Neophytes Archaeophytes Neophytes
Asteraceae 512 27 37 4 101 91
Rosaceae 238 9 20 6 52 44
Poaceae 150 27 14 7 94 32
Fabaceae 88 11 18 5 57 3
Brassicaceae 64 26 19 6 48 8
Cyperaceae 124 0 1 0 6 40
Lamiaceae 65 12 8 7 29 29
Caryophyllaceae 89 13 4 0 13 12
Apiaceae 67 13 3 8 18 1
Ranunculaceae 73 5 4 0 15 10
Perspectives
An electronic version of the Czech list will soon be available from the first author and on
the Internet on the home page of the Institute of Botany of the AS CR in Prhonice. We
also hope that very shortly a specialized software will be developed or modified that will
make it possible to (i) develop the list continuously and (ii) produce fixed versions every
two or three years for publication on the Internet.
Acknowledgements
In compiling this list we relied on the expertise of the following colleagues: Roman Businsk (Pinus, Spiraea), Martin
Dank (Bromus, Glyceria), Libor Ekrt (ferns), Vt Grulich (Carex, Hylotelephium, Sedum), Walter Gutermann (taxon-
omy of many groups and nomenclature), Petr Havlek (Alchemilla), Martin Lep (Sorbus), Jaroslav Koblek (Salix,
Quercus and some cultivated woody species), Jan Kirschner (Atriplex, Juncus, Taraxacum, Valeriana), Petr Kouteck
(Centaurea), Frantiek Krahulec (Festuca rubra agg.), Karel Kubt (Rumex), Bohumil Mandk (Atriplex,
Chenopodium), Pavol Merea jun. (Silene), Ale Peinka (Koeleria), Jan Pranl (Callitriche), Radomr epka (Carex),
Ji Sojk (Potentilla), Alexandr Sennikov (Cotoneaster), Petr marda (Festuca), Pavel pryar (Eragrostis, Poa), Milan
tech (Agrostis, Calamagrostis, Orobanchaceae), Jan tpnek (Erysimum), RadimJ. Vaut (Salix), Bohumil Trvnek
(Glyceria, Koeleria, Rubus, Taraxacum), Pavel Trvnek (Alchemilla), Ji Zzvorka (Avena, Helictotrichon s. lat.) and
Vojtch la (newrecords of Taraxacum). We usually (but not always) accepted their advice, but the ultimate responsibil-
ity for taxonomic and nomenclatural decisions, including generic delimitations, remains with us.
The work was supported by long-termresearch development project no. RVO67985939 (Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic). We thank the colleagues listed above for consultations and/or providing us with unpub-
lished data and permission to use them. Kanchi Gandhi (IPNI, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, U.S.A.) was very helpful in nomenclatural matters. Walter Gutermann checked the first two thirds (in alpha-
betical arrangement) of the list and drew our attention to numerous mistakes and inconsistences. Vladimr ehoek
shared with us his fascinating knowledge of cultivated plants and good sense of Czech plant names. Milan tech
carefully reviewed the whole work and suggested numerous improvents. Their help is gratefully acknowledged. We
also thank Tony Dixon and Christina Alba for improving our English, and Zuzana Sixtov for technical assis-
tance. And finally, we thank to Petr Pyek for encouragement and extraordinary editorial support.
Souhrn
Prce pin aktualizovan seznamcvnatch rostlin kvteny esk republiky. Jako taxonomick zklad pro vy-
pracovn seznamu byl pouit Kl ke kvten esk republiky (Kubt et al. 2002) a 7. a 8. svazek Kvteny esk
republiky (Slavk et al. 2004, tpnkov et al. 2010), zveejnn od t doby. Do seznamu byly zapracovny ve-
ker dostupn informace o novch floristickch nlezech a taxonomickch a nomenklatorickch novinkch. Pe-
hled taxon zahrnuje pvodn, zavleen (zdomcnl i pechodn zavleen) a asto pstovan taxony. Nejdle-
itj zmny v nomenklatue nebo taxonomii, nov popsan taxony a nlezy novch taxon pevn pvodn
658 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
flry jsou uvedeny a vysvtleny v Apendixu 2. Tamt jsou diskutovny taxony a jmna, kter teba je z kvteny
esk republiky vykrtnout. Seznamzahrnuje 2891 pvodnch a zdomcnlch druh a poddruh, z nich je 245
archeofyt a 245 neofyt, dalch 860 pechodn zavlkanch druh a poddruh, jako i 324 pstovanch taxon
rzn rovn, ve vyjma kenc. Z dvodu praktick uitenosti definujeme taxonomick vymezen 188 druho-
vch agregt a jinch neformlnch skupin. Vppadech, kdy se zmnilo jmno nebo vymezen taxonu, je v pe-
hledu taxon uvedeno referenn jmno pijat v Kli nebo v 7. a 8 svazku Kvteny esk epubliky. U zavlee-
nch taxon je uveden invazn status (zda jde o druh pechodn zavleen, zdomcnl, avak neinvazn, anebo
invazn) a informace o dob zavleen (archeofyt nebo neofyt) podle seznamu nepvodn flry esk republiky
(Pyek et al. 2012), u ohroench taxon klasifikace podle tetho vydn ervenho seznamu cvnatch rostlin
kvteny esk republiky (Grulich 2012). U vtiny taxon uvdme standardn esk jmna, kter vychzej
z eskho jmenoslov Kle ke kvten esk republiky.
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Received 27 June 2012
Revision received 22 July 2012
Accepted 24 July 2012
666 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
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Appendix 2. Annotations. Most important changes in nomenclature, taxonomy, recently described taxa and
additions to the flora of the Czech Republic are annotated below. For most native species described or discovered
in the Czech Republic after 2002, references are given to the original publication. However, we do not provide this
information for species of Taraxacumbecause a comprehensive up-to-date monographic treatment was published
recently (Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010); the comments on this genus given belowconcern mainly lat-
est floristic records. Of the alien species, only a few interesting cases are annotated as new records were already
summarized by Pyek et al. (2012) and most of themreported in detail by Hadinec et al. (20022005) and Hadinec
&Lustyk (20062012). We annotate 49 taxa and names listed in the Key to the flora of the Czech Republic (Kubt
et al. 2002) and some other sources that should be excluded from this countrys flora. Some of these taxa were
included in Kubt et al. (2002) only as likely to occur and some of the taxa and names were excluded already by
the authors of the corresponding treatments in the Flora of the Czech Republic (Slavk et al. 2004) or of mono-
graphic studies. However, a considerable part of the information is new.
Alopecurus pratensis subsp. pseudonigricans. Regardless of the taxonomic value, no reliable record of this
subspecies exists fromthe Czech Republic. The records in Dostl (1989) and Kubt et al. (2002) may be based on
a misinterpretation of A. nigricans, a binomial used in Dostl et al. (19481950) for the hybrid combination
A. geniculatus A. pratensis.
Agrostis castriferrei (A. canina A. stolonifera), reported by Dostl (1989) and Kubt et al. (2002), and
A. mercieri (A. canina A. capillaris), reported already by Dostl et al. (19481950) and both later floras, are
doubtful records for Czechia not supported by herbarium specimens (M. tech, in litt.). They are excluded from
the list.
Alchemilla glabricaulis was reported as a new species for the flora of the Czech Republic by Havlek et al.
(2003). It was discovered at a few sites in the umava Mts both on the Bohemian and on the Bavarian side.
Alliumschoenoprasum. The subalpine populations, referred to as A. schoenoprasumsubsp. alpinumin Kubt
et al. (2002), are now included in the type subspecies (Krahulec & Duchoslav in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Alyssummontanum. The populations of this species found in the Czech Republic, both diploid and tetraploid,
should be classified as A. montanum subsp. gmelinii. The diploid type subspecies occurs in Switzerland, south-
western Germany and eastern France (paniel et al. 2011, 2012).
Anagallis arvensis. veepov (1970a, b) reported from one locality in southern Bohemia also A. latifolia.
This record was accepted by Kovanda (in Hejn et al. 1992) and Kubt et al. (2002). However, this species is not
recognized in recent treatments: it is either included in A. arvensis without further classification (Ferguson in
Tutin et al. 1972, Marhold 2011) or tentatively given the rank of variety (Pujadas 1997). However, given the large
morphological variation of A. arvensis in the Mediterranean and its unresolved infraspecific taxonomy, the record
may be interpreted only as A. arvensis f. azurea. The chromosome count 2n = 80 found in the papers by veepov
(1970a, b) is based on literature sources and was not made on plants collected in southern Bohemia.
Anthemis cotula Tripleurospermum inodorum was reported in the 19th century botanical literature from
Bohemia. However, the hybrid origin of the corresponding herbarium specimens is uncertain (Dvokov in
Slavk et al. 2004).
Arctium pubens. Former records of this taxon from central Moravia are considered erroneous and they most
likely relate to the hybrid A. minus A. nemorosum (A. maassii; tpnek in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Arrhenatherumelatius subsp. bulbosum, distributed in southern and western Europe, was reported by Dostl
(1989) as introduced fromtwo localities. However, Dvokov (in tpnkov et al., in prep.) did not find any her-
barium specimens for these records.
Artemisia alpina Pall. ex Willd. (Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 1824. 1803), described from the Caucasus, is the correct
name for the species cultivated in rock gardens under the name A. pedemontana Balb. (Hort. Taur. Stirp. 1: 19.
1810) and rarely escaping from cultivation (W. Gutermann, in verb.).
Artemisia austriaca agg. Grulich (in Slavk et al. 2004) assigned all finds in the Czech Republic to the diploid
A. repens, native to south-eastern Europe. The hexaploid A. austriaca s. str., endemic to the Pannonian lowland,
was probably never found in the Czech Republic.
Asplenium trichomanes. We follow the taxonomic and nomenclatural treatment by Ekrt (2008) and Ekrt &
tech (2008).
Asplenium trichomanes subsp. inexpectans was reported from the Czech Republic erroneously (cf. Kubt et
al. 2002). Neither herbarium specimens, nor reliable records, exist from the country (Ekrt 2008).
Aster amellus. Kovanda (2002a) and Kovanda & Kubt (in Slavk et al. 2004) distinguished A. scepusiensis
Kanitz with 2n = 54, as a species in Czechia distributed only in Moravia, from A. amellus s. str. with 2n = 18, in
Czechia allegedly confined to Bohemia. However, cytometric screening showed that both diploids and
hexaploids occur in Bohemia and one population of diploids was recorded among dominant hexaploids in
800 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
Moravia (Mandkov & Mnzbergov 2006). Although morphological differences between Bohemian and
Moravian populations were noted (Mandkov & Mnzbergov 2006), a morphometric study did not reveal
clearly separated groups (Mandkov & Mnzbergov 2008). However, the key diagnostic feature used by
Kovanda (shape of the apex of involucral bracts) was not scored in the morphometric analyses. We tentatively dis-
tinguish two taxa at the subspecies level in the checklist: the type subspecies and A. amellus subsp. bessarabicus.
Atriplex hortensis A. sagittata(Kubt et al. 2002) was includedinerror (J. Kirschner, inlitt., B. Mandk, inlitt.).
Aurinia saxatilis. Alyssum arduini was described from Austria but Fischer (2008) includes this name in the
synonymy of A. saxatilis without referring to any of three subspecies usually recognized. However, major floras
and checklists (e.g. Greuter et al. 1986, Akeroyd in Tutin et al. 1993) include A. saxatilis subsp. arduini into the
type subspecies. The two remaining subspecies occur in the Balkan Peninsula and in Italy.
Avena nuda. All records fromthe Czech Republic (e.g. Dostl 1989, Kubt et al. 2002) are most likely errone-
ous, based on misidentifications of rarely sown cultivars of A. sativa Chinensis Group (J. Zzvorka, in litt.).
Azolla mexicana was tentatively included as introduced to central Europe in Kubt et al. (2002). As shown by
Evrard &Van Hove (2004), this species, correctly named A. cristata Kaulf., was documented in Europe only from
the Netherlands. The only species of this genus proven to occur in the field in the Czech Republic is
A. filiculoides. Recently collected plants (coll. and det. Z. Kaplan, PRA) were confirmed as this species by C. Van
Hove.
Bidens. Based on Art. 62.2 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006), we accept the masculine gender as correct.
Bolboschoenus maritimus agg. We follow the taxonomy and nomenclature as published by Hroudov et al.
(2007). All five species treated there were recorded in the Czech Republic.
Bromus carinatus. The short-lived perennial plants cultivated and naturalized in the Czech Republic most
likely correspond to B. carinatus var. marginatus (see Barkworth et al. 2007).
Bromus commutatus. Some populations correspond in their characters to B. commutatus subsp. decipiens.
However, it was not possible to separate them from other populations as many intermediates occur. Conse-
quently, no subspecies are recognized (J. Chrtek & J. Danihelka, ined.).
Bromus erectus. The recognition of plants with large spikelets consisting of up to 11 flowers (Dostl 1989,
Kubt et al. 2002) as a separate subspecies, B. erectus subsp. longiflorus, is untenable. They represent only indi-
vidual variation, most likely without any taxonomic importance (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Bromus grossus was repeatedly reported from the Czech Republic (Dostl 1989, Kubt et al. 2002, Pyek et
al. 2002, all under B. secalinus subsp. multiflorus). However, the species might have never occurred in the Czech
Republic as all herbariumspecimens identified as such represented either B. secalinus or even other Bromus spe-
cies (J. Chrtek & J. Danihelka, ined.).
Bromus hordeaceus. Plants corresponding to B. hordeaceus subsp. pseudothominii as described in literature
(e.g. Scholz in Jger 2011) occur scattered in different parts of the country without any interpretable distribution
pattern. They often grow together with typical plants of B. hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus, and intermediate
morphotypes are not rare. Therefore we include them in the type subspecies.
Bromus inermis B. pumpellianus. Introduced plants found in the Krkonoe Mts were first reported as
Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. flexuosa (Krahulec & Jiit 1997). They were later re-identified as a cultivar of
hybrid origin (Kubt et al. 2002, Pyek et al. 2002). However, they may easily be accommodated within the varia-
tion of B. inermis in the Czech Republic (B. Trvnek & M. Dank, in litt.; see also Pyek et al. 2012).
Bromus riparius given in Kubt et al. (2002) and Pyek et al. (2002) was reported in error. We could not trace
back the origin of this record. No herbariumspecimen of this species fromCzechia was found in studied herbaria
(J. Chrtek & J. Danihelka, ined.).
Bromus secalinus. We do not distinguish any infraspecific taxa within this polymorphic weed species.
Buglossoides incrassata subsp. splitgerberi, considered an archaeophyte, was first reported from the Czech
Republic by Clermont et al. (2003). A preliminary revision of herbarium specimens stored under B. arvensis at
the herbariumof Masaryk University (BRNU) has shown that this taxon is rather widespread in the country. The
identifications were confirmed by E. Zippel (Berlin).
Calamagrostis hartmaniana (C. canescens C. arundinacea) was recorded in northern Bohemia (M. tech,
in litt.).
Calamagrostis kotulae (C. canescens C. villosa). Some morphologically intermediate plants between the
assumed parental species are known fromthe Czech Republic. However, due to morphological similarity of both
species, their hybrid origin has to be tested by molecular methods (M. tech, in litt.).
Calamagrostis rigens (C. canescens C. epigejos). Morphologically intermediate plants were recorded at
several localities in different parts of the country where C. canescens C. epigejos grow intermingled or nearby.
Their hybrid origin has to be tested by molecular methods (M. tech, in litt.).
Calamagrostis wirtgeniana (C. epigejos C. pseudophragmites) was recorded near Kostelec nad Labemin
central Bohemia (M. tech, in litt.).
Callitriche vigens (C. cophocarpa C. platycarpa) was found at several localities in northern, western and
southern Bohemia (J. Pranl, in verb.).
Carex leersii F. W. Schultz (in Flora 54: 25. 1871) is a younger homonym of C. leersii Willd. (Fl. Berol.
Prodr.: 28. 1787), which is a synonym of C. echinata. However, there is a conservation proposal (Molina et al.
2008a) to conserve it both against C. leersii Willd., and C. chabertii F. W. Schultz (in Flora 54: 21. 1871). We fol-
low this proposal. The replacement name C. leersiana Rauschert (in Feddes Repert. 83: 660. 1973) will conse-
quently become superfluous.
Carex leporina. Following the lectotypification by Egorova (1999), the name can be restored in its traditional
sense.
Carex nigra. Apart from C. nigra subsp. nigra, two additional subspecies were mentioned by Kubt et al.
(2002) in the account of variation of this species. Plants fromhigher altitudes forming dense tussocks were tenta-
tively assigned to C. nigra subsp. juncella, as opposed to the rhizomatous type subspecies. A recent study by
Konar et al. (2012), including cultivation experiments, has shown that caespitose morphotypes found in the
Czech Republic include both non-hereditarysite modifications and genetically conditioned ecotypes lacking long
rhizomes only under specific site conditions. They most likely do not merit formal taxonomic recognition (M.
tech, in litt.). Carex nigra subsp. alpina was tentatively suggested as a name for slender low-growing plants with
long creeping rhizomes found in higher altitudes. However, they most likely represent a habitat modification
without taxonomic significance (V. Grulich & R. epka, in litt.). Consequently, we assign all Czech populations
of this species to the type subspecies.
Carex obtusata was found in 2004 at two sites near Prostjov in central Moravia (epka in Hadinec et al.
2004, epka 2008). The occurrence of this species, which has an extensive, chiefly continental range, is consid-
ered native; it may represent a glacial relict.
Carex oederi was lectotypified by Hedrn (2003). The lectotype is a poor illustration on plate 371 in Oeders
Flora Danica but the epitype represents C. oederi as traditionally understood. Consequently, it must replace the
name C. viridula used during the last decades.
Carex otomana. Loos (1996) typified the name C. chabertii with a specimen that taxonomically corresponds
to the species now known as C. leersii (see above). Here we adopt the recently proposed name C. otomana
(Molina et al. 2008b) for the species previously called C. chabertii.
Carex wolteri (C. pseudocyperus C. vesicaria) was reported by Dostl et al. (19481950) fromone site in
northern Bohemia, and this record was accepted, e.g., by Dostl (1989) and Kubt et al. (2002). However, no her-
bariumspecimens that could unequivocally be assigned to this hybrid combination were found in Czech herbaria
(V. Grulich & R. epka, in litt.).
Carlina biebersteinii. Carlina biebersteinii subsp. sudetica was described as a stenoendemic subspecies from
the Eastern Sudeten Mts (Kovanda 2002b). However, its relationship to the plants distributed in rather humid hab-
itats of the montane and subalpine vegetation belt of the Alps (i.e. the type subspecies) should be studied. In con-
trast to the treatment in the Flora of the Czech Republic (Kovanda in Slavk et al. 2004), we include also
C. biebersteinii subsp. brevibracteata in the list. In our opinion, at least some populations fromsouthern Moravia
should be assigned to this subspecies.
Centaurea erdneri C. oxylepis and C. erdneri C. jacea C. oxylepis occur in the north of Moravia, where
a wide hybrid zone between C. erdneri and C. oxylepis is located and their hybrids also occasionally cross with
C. jacea (P. Kouteck, in litt.).
Centaurea fleischeri, C. jacea subsp. subjacea. The name C. (jacea subsp.) subjacea was widely used in
central-European floras. In the Czech botanical tradition, the name C. subjacea was most frequently used for the
hybrid C. jacea C. oxylepis, correctly named C. fleischeri (P. Kouteck, in litt.). Kouteck (2009) has shown
that, based on the analysis of the original specimens and subsequent lectotypification, the name C. subjacea refers
to the hybrid between C. jacea and C. macroptilon. However, neither the second parent nor the hybrid occurs in
the Czech Republic (P. Kouteck, in litt.).
Centaurea kupcsokiana (C. oxylepis C. stoebe) was recorded near Prostjov in central Moravia (Kouteck
2008).
Centaurea phrygia agg. The taxonomy and nomenclature of this species group followthe monographic treat-
ment by Kouteck (2007) and Kouteck et al. (2012). The group includes four species in Czechia: the diploid
C. stenolepis, found mainly in southern Moravia, the diploid C. pseudophrygia, found only in Bohemia, the dip-
loid C. phrygia, occurring in the Bohemian Sudetes, and the recently recognized tetraploid C. erdneri, confined to
mountains of northern and eastern Moravia and the adjacent Czech Silesia. Also the hybrid C. erdneri C. jacea
(C. melanocalathia) was recorded.
802 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
Centaurea pseudophrygia C. stenolepis was recorded in eastern Bohemia and south-western Moravia,
where a wide hybrid zone between these two taxa is located (Kouteck 2008).
Centaurea spuria (C. jacea C. stenolepis) was found near Suchov in the Bl Karpaty Mts (Kouteck
2008).
Centaurea triumfetti auct. Olavsk et al. (2009) concluded that Cyanus triumfetti (subsp. triumfetti) does not
occur in the western Carpathians and Pannonia. As shown by Olavsk et al. (2011), plants from the Czech
Republic belong to a taxon that has no legitimate name at the species level. For the time being, we retain the taxo-
nomically incorrect name.
Cerastium alsinifolium C. arvense subsp. arvense. The existence of this hybrid, previously only suspected
(Smejkal in Hejn et al. 1990), was recently proved by means of flow cytometry (Kol & Vt 2008).
Cerastium arvense subsp. arvense C. tomentosum was tentatively listed by Smejkal (in Hejn et al. 1990),
and numerous records were subsequently reported by Pyek et al. (2002).
Cerastiumbiebersteinii, endemic to the Crimea, is, if at all, only rarely planted in the Czech Republic, and all
records of plants escaped from cultivation refer to C. tomentosum.
Cerastium pumilum agg. The taxonomy and distribution of C. glutinosum and C. pumilum in central Europe
were revised by Letz et al. (2012). The two species are well separated morphologically and differ also in their
ploidy levels, but the characters traditionally given in the literature are of little or no diagnostic value.
Cerastium litigiosum does not occur in the Czech Republic. The records from the surroundings of Znojmo in
southern Moravia (Smejkal in Hejn et al. 1990), based on specimens collected by A. Oborny, are erroneous. The
plants represent typical specimens of C. pumilum (Letz et al. 2012).
Ceratocephala orthoceras. As shown by Gutermann (2009), this is the correct name for the species until now
usually known as C. testiculata (Crantz) Besser (Enum. Pl.: 70. 1822). However, the latter is illegitimate because
published as nomenclaturaly superfluous (McNeill et al. 2006, Art. 56), as is Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz
(Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 97. 1763).
Cichoriumintybus. Similarly to Fischer (2008), Buttler &Hand (2008) and Jger (2011), we do not accept the
subspecies rank for vegetable cultivars.
Conyzigeron huelsenii (Conyza canadensis Erigeron acris) was repeatedly reported from the Czech
Republic. However, the two herbarium specimens found were re-identified as Erigeron macrophyllus and
E. podolicus. Other records are not documented in herbaria (da in Slavk et al. 2004).
Corispermum pallasii. We follow the opinion of Mosyakin (2003) that the European C. leptopterum (Asch.)
Iljin (in Izv. Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 28: 653. 1929) is conspecific with the Asian C. pallasii Steven (in Mm.
Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 336. 1817). This opinion is shared, for instance, by Fischer (2008) and Uotila
(2011a), but not by Buttler &Hand (2008) and Jger (2011). Vymyslick &Grulich (2004) tentatively assigned the
Corispermum populations in sand pits in south-eastern Moravia to C. canescens, which was described from Hun-
gary, but after re-examination of the available herbarium specimens, we do not share their opinion.
Cota austriaca C. tinctoria. This hybrid was described by L. F. elakovsk from Bohemia but the hybrid
nature of the original specimens remains uncertain (Dvokov in Slavk et al. 2004 as Anthemis ochroleuca).
Cotoneaster laxiflorus. We followthe opinion of Dickor &Kasperek (2010) that C. laxiflorus J. Jacq. ex Lindl.
(in Edwardss Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1305. 1830 [1829]) is the correct name for the shrub referred to as C. melanocarpus
(Bunge) Fischer (1839) in the Czech sources (e.g. Kovanda in Hejn et al. 1992). The name C. laxiflorus is based
on an aberrant specimen with long inflorescences collected from cultivated plants of uncertain provenance, but it
certainly corresponds to the species concerned (A. Sennikov, in litt.). Unfortunately, nomenclatural difficulties coin-
cide here with remarkable morphological variation. Sennikov (2009) accepted the C. melanocarpus agg. compris-
ing two taxa at species level, C. melanocarpus and C. niger, both reported to occur in the Czech Republic. However,
further studies have shown that these two morphotypes have large overlapping distribution ranges reaching as far as
central Siberia and lack a clear distribution pattern. Many single gatherings cannot be assigned with certainty to one
of the taxa. Therefore, for the time being, they may be best distinguished as varieties, C. laxiflorus var. laxiflorus and
C. laxiflorus var. niger (Ehrh.) ined. Further studies, including those using molecular methods, are needed to test
whether this classification is taxonomically justified (A. Sennikov, in litt.).
Crataegus levigata is the original spelling, not an orthographical or typographical error; therefore it must not
be corrected to laevigata (McNeill et al. 2006, Art. 60.1; Gutermann 2011).
Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. (in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 18: 447. 1872) is nowaccepted as being conspecific
with C. praemonticola Holub (in Preslia 63: 79. 1992; e.g. Fischer 2008, Kurtto 2009, Jger 2011). The former
has nomenclatural priority over the latter.
Cruciata verna is the correct name for the plant once known as Galium vernum Scop. (Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1:
99, tab. 2. 1771). The name Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend. (in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 393. 1958),
used during the last five decades, is a younger homonym of C. glabra C. Bauhin ex Opiz (Seznam: 34. 1852).
Though both names refer to the same species, they are heterotypic homonyms, and the younger is consequently
illegitimate (Gutermann 2011).
Deschampsia cespitosa is a very variable species. Consequently, many taxa of different ranks were described
from different parts of the geographic range of this almost cosmopolitan grass. Deschampsia austrobohemica,
described from the surroundings of Blatn in southern Bohemia, most likely represents only a modification in
response to dry habitats without any taxonomic value. Also, mountain plants with dense contracted panicles from
the Sudeten Mts represent modifications to particular habitats rather than a geographically or ecologically iso-
lated subspecies. The name D. cespitosa subsp. gaudinii is based on plants fromthe Swiss Alps and should not be
applied to Czech populations.
Dryopteris affinis s. lat. The taxonomy and distribution of D. affinis s. lat. in the Czech Republic were studied
by Ekrt et al. (2009). He recorded Dryopteris borreri, D. cambrensis and D. critica (D. borreri D. filix-max)
and concluded that Dryopteris affinis (s. str.) and D. affinis D. expansa do not occur in the Czech Republic.
Dryopteris remota was rediscovered in the Czech Republic by Ekrt et al. (2007).
Dysphania ambrosioides. Chenopodium integrifolium was reported as rarely introduced to Bohemia
(Dostlek et al. in Hejn et al. 1990). In recent treatments (e.g. Uotila 2011a), this taxon is included in Dysphania
ambrosioides. We follow this opinion.
Echinops pellenzianus (E. exaltatus E. sphaerocephalus), described recently from Germany, was given
only tentatively as likely to occur in Czechia (Slavk in Slavk et al. 2004). However, it has not been recorded yet.
Eleusine japonica was reported by Kubt et al. (2002) as introduced to Brno, together with E. indica, intro-
duced to a few towns in Bohemia. However, both names refer to the same taxon, the latter being correct (Clayton
et al. 2010).
Elymus hispidus (syn. Elytrigia intermedia) is a very variable species, with three subspecies traditionally rec-
ognized in the Czech botanical literature (e.g. Dostl 1989, Kubt 2002), namely E. intermedia subsp.
intermedia, subsp. barbulata (= subsp. trichophora) and subsp. campestris. The latter name was mistakenly used;
it refers to West European plants. Due to a complex reticulate pattern of morphological variation, we refrain from
accepting subsp. barbulata (= Elymus hispidus subsp. barbulatus). Czech plants, tentatively divided in two vari-
eties, belong to E. hispidus subsp. hispidus (= Elytrigia intermedia subsp. intermedia); other subspecies are dis-
tinguished in western and central Asia.
Elymus repens. The infraspecific classification is in need of a thorough revision, and the traditionally recog-
nized Elytrigia repens subsp. caesia (see Kubt et al. 2002) is therefore included in the type subspecies. The north
European coastal plants, E. repens subsp. littoreus, most likely merit recognition at subspecies level (Jger 2011).
Epilobiumadenocaulon. Adetailed study of Epilobiumspecies introduced fromNorth America to the Nordic
countries revealed that three well-differentiated species may be recognized within populations, although during
the last decades they were lumped under the name E. ciliatum(Snogerup in Jonsell & Karlsson 2010). At species
level, the correct names are E. adenocaulon, E. ciliatum and E. glandulosum. To our knowledge, only E. adeno-
caulon has been found in the Czech Republic.
Epilobium montanum. We include in this species also plants traditionally recognized in the Czech botanical
literature as E. hypericifolium (e.g. Smejkal in Slavk et al. 1997, Kubt et al. 2002). However, the only morpho-
logical character separating it from E. montanum is entire leaves. Recent taxononomic opinions (Snogerup in
Jonsell & Karlsson 2010, Jger 2011) agree in considering the former only a mutation of the latter, usually culti-
vated as a curiosity in botanic gardens.
Erechtites hieraciifolius is treated as masculine, following Art. 62.4 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006).
Erigeron annuus agg. The circumscription of the taxa accepted here differs fromthe treatment in the Flora of
North America (Flora of America Editorial Committee 2006), where E. annuus subsp. septentrionalis as circum-
scribed by da (in Slavk et al. 2004) is included in E. strigosus as one of its four varieties. While the rare (short-
lived) perennial plants, here treated as E. strigosus, can easily be separated, the recognition of two subspecies
within E. annuus seems rather artificial.
Erysimum virgatumRoth (Catal. Bot.: 75. 1797) is accepted here as the correct name for the species included
in Kubt et al. (2002) as E. hieracifolium L. (Cent. Pl. I: 18. 1755), which is a name recently lectotypified with
a specimen that taxonomically corresponds to E. odoratum(Polatschek & Vitek 2010). As a repeatedly confused
name, E. hieracifolium should be proposed for rejection; otherwise it would necessarily replace the well estab-
lished and unambiguous E. odoratum Ehrh. (Beitr. Naturk. 7: 157. 1792).
Euphorbia illirica Lam. (Encycl. 2: 435. 1788) was recognized by Geltman (2008) as an earlier name for the
species known as E. villosa Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. (Sp. Pl. 2: 909. 1799).
Euphorbia virgata Waldst. et Kit. (Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 176, tab. 162, 1803) is restored for the species
currently often referred to as E. waldsteinii (Sojk) Czerep. (Sosud. Rast. SSSR: 216. 1981). As the actual year of
publication was already 1803 and not 1804 as believed previously (Chrtek & Skodopolov 1982), it predates E.
804 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
virgata Desf. (Tabl. cole Bot. 204. 1804). Euphorbia waldsteinii, based on Tithymalus waldsteinii Sojk, which
was published as replacement name for E. virgata of Waldstein and Kitaibel in Tithymalus, is homotypic, and
therefore nomenclaturally superfluous and illegitimate (Art. 52.1 of the ICBN; McNeill et al. 2006).
Euphrasia nemorosa. In recent taxonomic treatments of the genus in neighbouring countries (Fischer 2008,
Jger 2011), little weight is given to seasonal differentiation and differences in indumentum. We followthis opin-
ion and include E. coerulea and E. curta subsp. glabrescens (see Kubt et al. 2002) into E. nemorosa as
infraspecific taxa. Still, the genus needs a modern critical revision in the Czech Republic (M. tech, in litt.).
Euphrasia officinalis. Following Silverside (1991), E. officinalis subsp. rostkoviana is the correct name for
central-European populations until recently treated as E. rostkoviana subsp. rostkoviana. Aestival populations, in
Kubt et al. (2002) classified as E. rostkoviana subsp. montana, have little taxonomic value and may be best
treated as a variety within subsp. rostkoviana (M. tech, in litt.). Euphrasia officinalis subsp. officinalis occurs in
eastern Fennoscandia and adjacent parts of Russia.
Festuca arundinacea Lolium multiflorum is sown as a forage plant in agriculture. See also under
Festulolium.
Festuca csikhegyensis and F. psammophila. We follow the taxonomy and nomenclature as proposed by
marda et al. (2007).
Festuca pallens F. psammophila subsp. psammophila and F. pallens F. valesiaca were reported by
marda et al. (2007), each from one locality in Bohemia. Both records are supported by chromosome counts.
Festuca pratensis subsp. appenina was listed in Kubt et al. (2002) only tentatively as likely to occur (V.
Grulich, in verb.). However, no reliable records of this subspecies exist from the country.
Festuca pseudodalmatica, a tetraploid species closely related to F. valesiaca (s. str.), was reported to occur in
numerous sites in south-western Moravia by marda (2008).
Festuca rubra Vulpia myuros. This hybrid was collected in 1991 near Suice in southern Bohemia (Krahulec
& Nesvadbov 2007). Its identification was based on a detailed morphological and anatomical analysis.
Festuca trichophylla. Although traditionally reported from the Czech Republic (Dostl 1989, Krahulec in
Kubt et al. 2002), a thorough revision of the F. rubra group revealed that plants determined this way should be
assigned to either F. rubra subsp. fallax or F. rubra subsp. juncea (F. Krahulec, in verb.).
Ficaria verna subsp. verna. We follow the opinion of Laegaard (2001) that the typification of the Linnaean
name Ranunculus ficaria by Benson from 1954 is correct. Morphologically, the lectotype most probably corre-
sponds to a bulbil-producing tetraploid plant.
Ficaria calthifolia F. verna subsp. verna. This hybrid between a diploid and a tetraploid taxon was collected
in 1999 and 2000 in the Pavlovsk vrchy hills in southern Moravia (J. Danihelka, BRNU). Its existence was later
confirmed by flowcytometry measurements fromseveral localities in different parts of the country (B. Trvnek,
in litt.).
Filago gallica. Although repeatedly reported from the Czech Republic, it was not reliably documented by
a herbarium specimen (tech in Slavk et al. 2004); it is omitted from the present list.
GaliumintermediumSchult. (Observ. Bot. 22. 1809) was neotypified by Krendl &Vitek (2008). The neotype
is conspecific with the neotype of G. schultesii (in Flora 4/2: 530. 1821).
Glyceria declinata G. fluitans. Plants originating from this cross were found near Znojmo in southern
Moravia. Their hybrid origin was assumed based on morphological characters, and this assumption was sup-
ported by genome size estimation (Chudkov 2009, H. Chudkov, M. Dank & B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Glyceria maxima G. notata (Glyceria digenea Domin in Acta Bot. Bohem. 14: 163. 1943) has never been
found in the Czech Republic. The original specimens of the binomial are robust individuals of G. notata without
any sign of hybridity (M. Dank & B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Gnaphalium traunsteineri (G. sylvaticum G. norvegicum) was reported erroneously from the Jizersk
hory and Krkonoe Mts. The herbariumspecimens for both records correspond to G. norvegicum(Hrka in Slavk
et al. 2004).
Gymnadenia conopsea. Following Prochzka et al. (in tpnkov et al. 2010), we do not accept any infra-
specific taxa. As shown by Trvnek et al. (2011), two or even more cytotypes often coexist within one population.
Helianthus atrorubens was reported as escaped from cultivation in Brno-Pzenice by Kubt et al. (2002).
This erroneous record was corrected by Kirschner & da (in Slavk et al. 2004).
Helictochloa planiculmis, H. pratensis. We accept the classification of Poaceae tribus Avenae as proposed by
Romero-Zarco (2011). Based on morphological and anatomical characters, Helictotrichon s. lat. is divided into
several genera. Of those, the monotypic Avenula, the newly described Helictochloa and Helictotrichon s. str.
occur in the Czech Republic.
Hesperis matronalis subsp. oblongipetala, native to Italy, was reported as escaped from cultivation at a few
localities in different parts of the Czech Republic (Dvok in Hejn et al. 1992). More recent treatments (e.g. Ball
in Tutin et al. 1993) include plants with pedicels bearing glandular hairs in the variation of the type subspecies.
We follow their opinion.
Hieracium heldreichii agg. Plants of this group, originating from south-eastern Europe, were introduced in
the 1930s at Kuntick hora hill near Pardubice (eastern Bohemia) and are still persisting there. They were listed
in Pyek et al. (2002) as H. pannosum, but they were recently re-identified by Z. Szelg as belonging to the
H. heldreichii agg.
Hieracium mixtum was found growing on a stony slope by a small road in the Hrub Jesenk Mts at 1355 m
a.s.l. in 2006 and still survives there. It is most likely that the occurrence is due to deliberate planting or sowing in
the wild (Kocin & Chrtek in Hadinec & Lustyk 2011).
Hieracium neoplatyphyllum. The plants occupying a morphologically intermediate position between
H. racemosum and H. sabaudum were traditionally referred to as H. platyphyllum. However, Gottschlich (2007)
recognized that the name H. platyphyllumis based on a plant falling into the variation range of H. sabaudumand
described a new species to accommodate the intermediate phenotypes. Although listed here, it remains to be
proved whether some plants collected in the Czech Republic can be assigned to this species or, alternatively,
should be included in the variation range of either H. racemosum or H. sabaudum.
Hieracium obscuratum was collected in the umava Mts in 2002 (Prochzka in Hadinec et al. 2003 as
H. haematopodum).
Kickxia elatine subsp. crinita, distributed chiefly in the Mediterranean, was reported by Chrtek (1984; also in
Slavk et al. 2000) from southern Moravia, based on one herbarium specimen. Chrtek (1984) also assigned most
of the Slovakian populations of K. elatine to this subspecies, which is in contrast to the opinion of Michalkov
(1997), who reported only the type subspecies for Slovakia.
Koeleria hungarica (K. glauca K. macrantha) was repeatedly collected in central Bohemia and southern
Moravia (A. Peinka & B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Koeleria macrantha K. pyramidata. Though listed, for instance, by Dostl (1989) and Kubt et al. (2002),
plants corresponding to this parental combination have not yet been found in the Czech Republic (A. Peinka &
B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Koeleria pseudocristata Domin (Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 9: 42. 1903) has no taxonomic value. The original mate-
rial consists of a mixture of K. macrantha and K. pyramidata (A. Peinka & B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Lathyrus articulatus, reported as accidentally introduced to Prague (Chrtkov &Blohlvkov in Slavk et al.
1995), is usually included in L. clymenum in recent treatments (e.g. Greuter et al. 1989).
Leontodon incanus. The old records of this species fromMoravia are dubious and were considered erroneous
by Kubt et al. (2002) and Kubt (in Slavk et al. 2004).
Leonurus cardiaca notho subsp. intermedius. The name L. intermedius Holub (in Preslia 65: 102. 1993) is
illegitimate because of homonymy with L. intermedius Didr. (Ind. Sem. [Copenhagen] 1849: 14. 1849, non
vidimus), which is a synonym of L. japonicus. The combination published by Tzvelev (in Novosti Sist. Vyssh.
Rast. 32: 185. 2000) should therefore be interpreted as a replacement name.
Mantisalca salmantica, native to the Mediterranean, was reported as accidentally introduced to waste places
and warehouses (e.g. Dostl 1989). However, neither herbarium specimens nor detailed records were found
(tpnek in Slavk et al. 2004).
Melampyrum subalpinum. The populations from the former Czechoslovakia used to be classified as
M. bohemicum and considered an endemic species, which evolved from M. subalpinum now confined to eastern
Austria. However, in the revised delimitation by tech (2006), the Czech populations and populations fromwest-
ern Slovakia are regarded as conspecific with the Austrian populations.
Mentha spicata. Apart from populations and clones that can be assigned to one of the two subspecies recog-
nized here, one or fewclones of uncertain taxonomic identity are cultivated and rarely escape in Bohemia. For the
time being, they may be assigned only at the species level and referred to as M. spicata s. lat. (tpnek in Slavk
et al. 2000).
Montia fontana. We followthe classification used, for instance, by Jonsell (2001), Buttler &Hand (2008) and
Fischer (2008). In contrast to the former two authors, the transitory forms between the type subspecies and subsp.
amporitana (syn. M. hallii), putatively of hybridogenous origin, are given the rank of nothosubspecies. They were
classified as M. hallii var. variabilis by Czech authors (e.g. Skalick & Sutor in Slavk et al. 1990, Kubt et al.
2002), which is inconvenient if their hybridogenous origin is assumed.
Orchidactyla luciae (Dactylorhiza sambucina Orchis morio). The only record fromthe country is not doc-
umented and is considered uncertain (Kubt in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Orchis mascula. For intermediate forms between O. mascula subsp. mascula and subsp. speciosa, the name
var. fallax is widely used. However, this name was published for plants from northern France, where the latter
806 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
subspecies does not occur and, consequently, the name O. mascula var. fallax is apparently misapplied (Kubt in
tpnkov et al. 2010). To our knowledge, no convenient substitute apparently exists.
Orchis ustulata. Following the recommendation of Haratov-Sobotkov et al. (2005), we classify the two
genetically and phenologically distinct taxa as varieties because their morphological differentiation is weak.
Orobanche kochii was not distinguished from O. elatior until recently. Both are parasitic on Centaurea
scabiosa. Based on studies of herbariumspecimens and field observations, the former is more wide-spread in the
Czech Republic than the latter (Zzvorka 2010).
Parapholis strigosa was reported first by Dostl (1989) as accidentally introduced to Brno, and this record
was later accepted by Kubt et al. (2002) and Pyek et al. (2002). We believe that this record is erroneous and
based on misinterpretation of earlier records of P. incurva from 19581970 from the same city. They were pub-
lished as Pholiorus incurvus by Grll (1979) and, remarkably, they are missing in Dostl (1989).
Pedicularis palustris subsp. opsiantha. Plants morphologically corresponding to this predominantly north
European subspecies were recently discovered in northern Bohemia (J. Sdlo & M. tech, in litt.).
Peucedanum officinale. No herbarium specimens exist from the country. The species was reported in error,
most frequently based on misidentifications of Silaum silaus (Grulich in Slavk et al. 1997).
Phleum alpinum was listed in Smejkal (1980), Dostl (1989) and Kubt et al. (2002) as Ph. rhaeticum
(Humphries) Rauschert, partly based on disputed taxonomy and nomenclature of this group. The latter name
refers to plants with a core of the distribution range in the Alps and adjacent sout-heastern European mountains.
Conert (1998) erroneously reported both species fromthe country and the records were accepted also by Valds et
al. (2009).
Phyteuma orbiculare. This is a polymorphic species distributed fromthe colline to the alpine vegetation belt.
However, we do not accept any subspecies as the infraspecific classification proposed by Schulz (1904) is artifi-
cial and untenable from the morphological and phytogeographic point of view (W. Gutermann, in verb.).
Pilosella cochlearis, P. corymbulifera, P. cymiflora, P. dubia, P. erythrochrista, P. melinomelas, P. setigera.
Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Pilosella follows (with a few exceptions) the concept proposed by
Brutigam& Greuter (2007, 20072009). The splitting of Hieracium in two genera was accompanied by numer-
ous taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments. Unfortunately, some of the epithets in current use among central-
European botanists had to be abandoned for taxonomic and nomenclatural reasons.
Pilosella fallacina in the broader circumscription accepted here includes P. subcymiflora (syn. Hieracium
subcymiflorum).
Pilosella leucopsilon. Gottschlich (2009) pointed out that the type of Hieraciummacranthum, described from
Italy, belongs to H. hoppeanum Schult. s. str. and proposed to recognise P. hoppeana subsp. macrantha sensu
S. Brut. & Greuter as a separate species named P. leucopsilon (Gottschlich in Greuter & Raus 2011). It is fol-
lowed here.
Pilosella piloselliflora. Pilosella apatelia (syn. Hieracium apatelium) is treated as conspecific with
P. piloselliflora, which consists in this broader circumscription of numerous apomictic clones with clinal varia-
tion in morphological characters.
Pilosella piloselloides. The taxonomic concept of broadly delimited subspecies (Brutigam & Greuter 2007,
20072009) is followed, but P. bauhini is excluded and treated at the species level (in accordance with Jger
2011). The subspecies recognized here and in some other species of Pilosella are rather complex taxa including
both sexually reproducing and facultatively apomictic plants.
Pilosella visianii was recently collected at several localities in Prague (Kilov et al. 2010).
Pinus ascendens (P. mugo P. uncinata), P. celakovskiorum (Pinus mugo P. sylvestris), P. rhaetica
(P. sylvestris P. uncinata). We followthe taxonomy and nomenclature outlined by Businsk &Kirschner (2010).
Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa. We follow the taxonomy and nomenclature suggested by Businsk &
Kirschner (2006).
Poa annua. If subspecies are recognized within the European range of the species, the plants occurring in the
Czech Republic fall within the variation range of P. annua subsp. annua (P. pryar, in verb.). There are no reliable
records of P. annua subsp. notabilis (in the literature erroneously referred to as mutabilis) from this country.
Poa bulbosa. No infraspecific taxa are accepted within this species. The two subspecies traditionally recog-
nized in the Czech botanical literature, P. bulbosa subsp. bulbosa and subsp. pseudoconcinna, are difficult to sep-
arate and show no geographic or ecological pattern.
Poa compressa. The plants usually assigned to P. compressa subsp. langeana represent stout plants from
humid and nutrient-rich habitats that cannot be reliably separated from other populations of this species. Poa
langiana (syn. P. compressa subsp. langeana) is a stenoendemic species described in the 19th century fromthe
Isteiner Klotz Mts in the state of Baden-Wrttemberg (Germany) and now considered extinct (Jger 2011).
Poa compressa P. palustris is rarely found, typically in ruderal habitats where the parental species co-occur
(P. pryar, in verb.).
Poa compressa P. pratensis (P. schurii, nom. inval.). This hybrid is given for the Czech Republic by Dostl
(1989) only tentatively as likely to occur.
Poa nemoralis. The plants fromdry sunny habitats, sometimes distinguished as P. nemoralis subsp. rigidula,
represent ecomorphs rather than a reasonable taxonomic entity (P. pryar, in verb.).
Poa palustris. The traditionally recognized P. palustris subsp. xerotica most likely represents only pheno-
types from rather dry habitats that merit no taxonomic recognition (P. pryar, in verb.).
Potentilla incana. The species was traditionally referred to as P. arenaria Borkh. (Fl. Grafsch. Catzenellenb.
96. 1795; e.g. Sojk in Slavk et al. 1995). As shown by Buttler (1994), this name cannot be found in any of
Borckhausens published work and it appeared only as a synonym of P. incana Gaertner et al. (Oekon. Fl.
Wetterau 2: 248. 1800) in its protologue.
Potentilla psammophila, a member of P. subsect. Collinae, was described from the surroundings of Doksy in
northern Bohemia, based on a few collections dated 1923 (Sojk 2009a).
Potentilla puberula. Sojk (2010) suggested that the type specimens of P. pusilla and P. filiformis most proba-
bly represent P. verna. Therefore, the name P. puberula should be preferred for the hybridogenous taxon believed
to come into existence by the hybridisation of P. incana and P. heptaphylla (Sojk 2010).
Potentilla verna was proposed for conservation with a conserved type (Sojk 2009b). It must therefore be pre-
ferred both to P. neumanniana and P. tabernaemontani.
Primula auricula was found in 1998 at one site in the Moravian Karst north of Brno as a new species of the
countrys flora. The population consisted of three flowering and three sterile plants (tefka in Hadinec et al.
2002). The plants may have been planted to the site; however, no evidence exists for such a deliberate introduc-
tion. We therefore tentatively accept its native status, as done by Grulich (2012).
Puccinellia limosa was with some uncertainty reported fromsaline habitats in southern Moravia (Kubt et al.
2002). However, Moravcov et al. (2001) found only P. distans in the Czech Republic, and no other reliable
records of P. limosa exist from the country.
Pulsatilla pratensis subsp. bohemica Skalick (in Preslia 57: 139. 1985) is the correct name for the chiefly
central-European populations if one accepts the rank of subspecies for them (Skalick 1985). As already pointed
out by Skalick (1985), Storck (1771) cited Pulsatilla nigricans Offic. only as a designation of the drug used in
pharmacies. Regardless of this fact, it would be illegitimate because nomenclaturally superfluous if it was consid-
ered a species name according to the ICBN(Art. 52.1, McNeill 2006). In p. 7 of the booklet, Anemone pratensis.
Linn. Syst. nat. T. 2. Pag. 375. Edit. ult. is printed in the synonymy of Pulsatilla nigricans, although the for-
mer name should have been accepted as correct. The same applies to the plate on p. 6. In both cases, the original
Linnaean circumscription of A. pratensis remained unchanged. For the same reason, the often adopted combina-
tion P. pratensis subsp. nigricans (Strck) Zamelis et Paegle (in Acta Horti Bot. Univ. Latv. 2: 159. 1927) is ille-
gitimate as well.
Ranunculus auricomus agg. No modern taxonomic revision of the apomictic R. auricomus complex in the
Czech Republic is available. The species groups and apomictic species listed here are based on the taxonomic
account given for central Europe by Hrandl & Gutermann (1998). Of the four main groups (Sammelgruppe),
here given as group s. lat., they list only microspecies of the R. auricomus-Sammelgruppe and R. fallax-
Sammelgruppe for the Czech Republic. In contrast to Kubt et al. (2002), they could not confirm the occurrence
of any microspecies classified in the R. cassubicus-Sammelgruppe in the country. These plants may represent
some microspecies of the R. fallax group s. lat. Of the apomictic species listed in Appendix 1, only R. laticre-
natus, R. pannonicus and R. phragmiteti are known from Czechia with certainty.
Ranunculus pannonicus was collected at three sites in the Dyje River flooplain near Lednice and south of
Lanhot in southern Moravia (Hrandl 2000).
Rhinanthus riphaeus is the earliest available name for plants previously referred to as Rh. pulcher
(Gutermann 2009).
Rhus typhina has to be reinstated as the correct name. Datisca hirta L. (Sp. Pl.: 1037. 1753), the basionym of
R. hirta, is a rejected name (McNeill et al. 2006, App. 5).
Rosa marginata. Kurtto (2004) analysed the nomenclature with the conclusion that R. marginata Wallr.
(Annus Bot.: 68. 1815) has nomenclatural priority over R. jundzillii Besser (Cat. Hort. Cremeneci: 117. 1816).
Rubus ambrosius, given in Kubt et al. (2002) as a newly recognized species, was formally described by
Trvnek et al. (2005). It is a widely distributed species known fromthe Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland.
Rubus bertramii. Though reported by Holub (in Slavk et al. 1995) from numerous sites, all records docu-
mented by herbarium specimens turned out to be based on misidentifications. The species has not been found in
the Czech Republic yet (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
808 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
Rubus bohemopolonicus was recently described as occurring in the north-eastern part of the Czech Republic
and the adjacent parts of Poland (Zieliski & Trvnek 2004).
Rubus fuernrohrii. The records from the Czech Republic are erroneous (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Rubus gothicus s. lat. The plants reported as R. gothicus by Holub (in Slavk et al. 1995) predominantly repre-
sent a similar, but different, microspecies. Rubus gothicus s. str. has not been found in the Czech Republic yet
(B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Rubus kletensis was recently described from southern Bohemia and Upper Austria (Lep & Lep 2006).
Rubus lucentifolius was found by B. Trvnek, J. Hadinec and R. Hlavek near the town of Zlat Hory in
Silesia (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Rubus muhelicus was recently found in southern Bohemia (Lep & Lep 2009a).
Rubus passaviensis was recently described fromeastern Bavaria and the adjacent part of Bohemia and Austria
(la 2009).
Rubus perpedatus was recently described from western Bohemia, the adjacent Bavaria and Upper Austria
(la & Weber 2005).
Rubus scissoides H. E. Weber (in Drosera 2011: in press. 2012). There has been a dispute concerning the taxon-
omy and nomenclature of the bramble referred to as R. nessensis subsp. scissoides by Kubt et al. (2002). Sennikov
& Weber (2010) argued that these plants correspond to R. scissus Watson (in J. Bot. 75: 162. 1937) and described
a newspecies, R. ochracanthus H. E. Weber et Sennikov (in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 47: 68. 2010) to accommodate the low-
growing, slender plants with angled stems armed with numerous yellowish subulate prickles, not known from the
Czech Republic. However, Van de Beek (2011), based on the examination of Watsons type specimen and the bram-
bles found at its type locality, argued that these plants are conspecific with the type specimen of R. ochracanthus. In
his opinion, the plants hitherto referred to as R. nessensis subsp. scissoides also represent only a habitat modification
that may be best included in R. scissus without any formal taxonomic recognition. However, Weber (2012) dis-
agreed and validated the name R. scissoides for plants with red prickles, in Kurtto et al. (2010) treated under
R. scissus. Further research is needed to test whether only one or two species should be recognized.
Rubus silvae-bohemicae, a regional bramble species, was recently described from south-western Bohemia
and adjacent parts of Bavaria (Trvnek & la 2011).
Rubus silvae-norticae was described from southern Bohemia, the adjacent Upper Austria and Bavaria (Lep
& Lep 2009b).
Rubus sorbicus was found by J. Hadinec in a few localities in northern Bohemia (Hadinec & Lustyk 2012).
Rubus stimulifer (syn. R. praecociformis, nom. inval.) was found at numerous sites in the eastern part of the
Czech Republic (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Rubus wahlbergii s. lat. The plants referred to as R. wahlbergii in the Czech Republic may represent a slightly
different microspecies (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Salix euxina. The lectotype and epitype of S. fragilis L. (Sp. Pl.: 1017. 1753) most likely represent a hybrid
between S. alba and the glabrous willow until recently known as S. fragilis. As no name was available for the lat-
ter, reported as native to the mountains of Asia Minor and southern Georgia but now widespread over central
Europe, it was described as S. euxina (Belyaeva 2009). Therefore we accept S. euxina instead of S. fragilis for the
common tree willowwith branchlets breaking off easily at the junction, glabrous buds and greenish branches, and
juvenile leaves glabrous above.
Salix holosericea Willd. (Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4/2: 708. 1806) seems to be the earliest available name for the plants
derived from the parental combination S. cinerea S. viminalis (Jonsell 2000). It clearly predates S. dasyclados
Wimm. (in Flora 32: 35. 1849), by some authors (Belyaeva & Sennikov 2008) assumed to refer to the mainly east-
ern-European and Siberian species S. gmelinii Pall. (Fl. Ross. 1/2: 77. 1789). We adopt the name S. holosericea
both for the rare plants of hybrid origin (Hejn et al. 1990), and for the widely cultivated taxon of intermediate char-
acters between S. cinerea and S. viminalis traditionally referred to as S. dasyclados in central-European botanical lit-
erature. However, molecular methods are necessary to resolve the origin of the latter (R. J. Vaut, in litt.).
Salix macrophylla (S. appendiculata S. caprea) was found on Plech Mt. and in its close surroundings in
the umava Mts in southern Bohemia. Field observations suggest that the hybrid can also occur at sites where
S. appendiculata does not grow (R. J. Vaut, in litt.).
Salix melanopsis was known in the Czech botanical literature as S. fluviatilis. However, the latter name is
a rejected name (McNeill et al. 2006, App. V).
Salix reuteri (S. daphnoides S. elaeagnos) was found at several sites along three rivers in north-eastern
Moravia (R. J. Vaut, in litt.).
Salix rosmarinifolia S. viminalis. The name S. friesiana, used in Kubt et al. (2002), refers to the parental
combination S. repens (s. str.) S. viminalis (Jonsell 2001).
Salix rubens Schrank (Baier. Fl. 1: 226. 1789) should be replaced by S. fragilis according to the strict appli-
cation of the priority rule, as an attempt to select a specimen corresponding either to S. pentandra as lectotype or
to S. euxina as neotype (Christensen & Jonsell 2005) was rejected by the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular
Plants. However, accepting S. fragilis instead of S. rubens would cause serious confusion. For this reason, the
former should be proposed for rejection.
Salsola tragus L. (Cent. Pl. 2: 13. 1756) is accepted here as the correct name for the species in the Czech
botanical literature referred to as S. kali subsp. rosacea (Rilke 1999).
Saxifraga hirculus. The two 19th century records fromSilesia in the north-east of the country are nowconsid-
ered erroneous and were labeled as such by Kubt et al. (2002).
Silene otites. ourkov (in Hejn et al. 1990) and Kubt et al. (2002) assigned some populations from lime-
stone cliffs of the Pavlovsk vrchy Hills in southern Moravia to S. pseudotites Besser ex Rchb. (Fl. Germ. Excurs.:
819. 1832). However, as recognized by Wrigley (1986; see also Merea et al. 2012), the name actually refers to
hybridogenous plants native mainly south of the Alps and cannot be used for Pannonian populations of S. otites s.
lat. Merea et al. (2012) tentatively recognized in Slovakia two subspecies within S. otites, i.e. S. otites subsp.
otites and S. otites subsp. hungarica Wrigley (Ann. Bot. Fenn. 23: 74. 1986), assigning the plants formerly
referred to as S. pseudotites mainly to the latter. The populations from the Pavlovsk vrchy Hills correspond in
their characters (ourkov in Hejn et al. 1990) to the description given by Merea et al. (2012) for the type sub-
species, only the capsules are reported to be somewhat larger. For this reason, we classify all Czech and Moravian
plants only at the species level. The taxonomic status of south Moravian populations remains to be studied.
Sorbus albensis and S. portae-bohemicae, both putatively apomictic, were recognized as different from
S. bohemica and described recently as stenoendemics of the esk stedoho highlands (Lep et al. 2009).
Sorbus austriaca was shown to be an alien species of the Czech flora, rarely escaping from cultivation. The
records from the Moravian Karst north of Brno and the surroundings of Znojmo (Kovanda in Kubt et al. 2002)
are erroneous and refer to other species (Lep et al. 2011).
Sorbus barrandienica is an apomictic species endemic to the Bohemian Karst in central Bohemia, until
recently not distinguished fromS. eximia (Vt et al. 2012).
Sorbus carpatica does not occur in the Czech Republic. The specimens formerly assigned to this species rep-
resent S. aria (M. Lep, in litt.).
Sorbus milensis is a stenoendemic putatively apomictic species described recently fromMil hill in the esk
stedoho highlands (Lep et al. 2008).
Sorbus omissa is a stenoendemic putatively apomictic species described recently fromthe Vltava River valley
north of Prague (Velebil 2012).
Sorbus tomentella was rarely recorded in the Dyje River valley by Vranov nad Dyj (M. Lep, in litt.).
Spergularia marina (L.) Besser, Enum. Pl.: 97. 1822. As shown independently by Kirschner et al. (2007) and
Gutermann (2011), this is the correct name at the rank of species for the taxon often referred to as S. salina.
Stuckenia pectinata. We adopt the recently reinstated genus Stuckenia for the group of species traditionally
recognized as Potamogeton subg. Coleogeton (Rchb.) Raunk. It is well defined morphologically and karyo-
logically, and represents a compact monophyletic group genetically considerably divergent from the rest of the
family Potamogetonaceae (Kaplan 2008). Although the genus Stuckenia has not been widely adopted in the cen-
tral-European literature so far, it was recognized in the major recent publications such as the Flora of North Amer-
ica, Flora Neotropica and Flora of China as well as in the Euro+Med Plantbase (Uotila 2009).
Symphyotrichum parviflorum is reported to occur in similar habitats as S. lanceolatum (Kovanda & Kubt in
Slavk et al. 2004 under Aster parviflorus). However, no particular records are given in the cited source.
Symphyotrichumpraealtumis reported as native to North America and probably introduced to central Europe
and the Czech Republic (Kovanda & Kubt in Slavk et al. 2004 under Aster praealtus). However, no particular
records from the Czech Republic are given therein.
Symphyotrichum tradescantii is reported only as rarely introduced to Europe. Most records from the Czech
Republic probably represent S. parviflorum (Kovanda & Kubt in Slavk et al. 2004 under Aster tradescantii).
Taraxacumacutifidum. There are some doubts that the plants fromthe Czech Republic can be assigned to this
species with certainty (Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Taraxacum adamii s. lat. The plants from the Krun hory Mts may represent a different microspecies
(Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Taraxacum aequilobum agg. is represented in the Czech Republic by several morphotypes; one of them may
correspond to T. aequilobum s. str. (Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Taraxacum breitfeldii was found in a few localities in Bohemia (B. Trvnek & V. la, in litt.).
Taraxacum capillosum was found in two localities in western Bohemia (B. Trvnek & V. la, in litt.).
810 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012
Taraxacum excellens s. lat. Two different morphotypes probably occur in the Czech Republic but none of
them may represent T. excellens s. str. (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Taraxacum freticola was found in numerous localities in many parts of the Czech Republic (B. Trvnek &
V. la, in litt.).
Taraxacum fulvum s. lat. Plants resembling T. fulvum were found in the Czech Republic at a few sites but it is
still uncertain whether they are really conspecific with T. fulvums. str. (B. Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Taraxacum intermedium agg. Several morphotypes referable to this group of microspecies have been infor-
mally distinguished; however, it has not been established with certainty whether one of them corresponds to
T. intermedium s. str. (B. Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Taraxacumlancidens. The plants referred to by this name in the Flora of the Czech Republic (Trvnek et al. in
tpnkov et al. 2010) are very likely to represent less typical specimens of T. hamatiforme (B. Trvnek, in litt.).
Taraxacum ottonis was found in one locality in south-western Bohemia (B. Trvnek & V. la, in litt.).
Taraxacum saxonicum was found at a few sites in southern and south-western Bohemia (B. Trvnek &
V. la, in litt.).
Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum. Kirschner & tpnek (2011) proposed a new lectotypification of the Linnaean
name Leontodon taraxacum, for which Taraxacum officinale is a replacement name. The selected plant from herb.
Burser corresponds to one of many apomictic microspecies of common dandelions, in scientific literature referred to
as T. sect. Ruderalia. The new lectotype of L. taraxacum also typifies the generic name, Taraxacum. Based on Art.
22.1 of the ICBN (McNeill et al. 2006), the name T. sect. Ruderalia must be replaced by T. sect. Taraxacum. As no
epitype was deliberately proposed, the name T. officinale s. lat., favoured by pharmacists and the general public, can
be used only in its broad sense as an informal but generally correct equivalent for T. sect. Taraxacum.
Taraxacum speciosiflorum s. lat. is represented in the Czech Republic by two morphotypes; the far more fre-
quent one may represent a different microspecies (B. Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010).
Taraxacum subericinum s. lat. The plants referred to by this name in the Flora of the Czech Republic
(Trvnek et al. in tpnkov et al. 2010) may represent extreme morphotypes of T. lamprophyllum (B.
Trvnek, in litt.).
Taraxacum uliginosum was reported by Kubt et al. (2002) and Trvnek et al. (in tpnkov et al. 2010)
only tentatively as a species that could be found in the south-east of the country. It has not been found yet.
Taraxacumuncidentatumwas found in many localities in southern and south-western Bohemia (B. Trvnek
& V. la, in litt.).
Teucrium marum was reported as rarely escaped from cultivation (e.g. Dostl et al. 19481950, Dostl 1989,
Mrtonfi in Slavk et al. 2000). This information is most likely based on an old record by Schmidt (1789). However,
this Mediterranean species is very unlikely to escape because it would not survive normal central-European winters.
Thalictrum minus is represented in the Czech Republic only by its type subspecies. Transitory phenotypes
towards Th. minus subsp. saxatile occur mainly in the eastern part of the country. They may be formally recog-
nized as nothosubsp. flexuosum (Hand 2001, R. Hand in litt.).
Thesium ramosum. As shown by Gutermann (2009), Th. arvense Horv. (Fl. Tyrnav. Indig. 1: 27. 1774) is
a superfluous and, consequently, illegitimate name (McNeill et al. 2006, Art. 52.1) for the Linnaean species Th.
linophyllon and Th. alpinum.
Urtica dodartii was reported by Chrtek (in Hejn et al. 1988) as cultivated in botanical gardens and rarely
escaping from cultivation. It is considered only a mutation of U. pilulifera with entire leaves and included in its
synonymy in recent taxonomic treatments (e.g. Uotila 2011b).
Utricularia stygia was reported by Pachno &Adamec (2007) to occur in the Tebo Basin in southern Bohe-
mia. It is only minutely differentiated fromthe closely related U. ochroleuca s. str. Exact morphological delimita-
tion and taxonomic evaluation of this form require further studies.
Veronica acinifolia was reported fromthe Czech Republic erroneously, based on misidentification of a poorly
developed specimen of V. triphyllos (Danihelka 2011).
Viola suavis subsp. suavis. The central-European plants belong to the type subspecies (Merea et al. 2011).
Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris is documented from medieval archaeological sites near Mikulice in southern
Moravia (Opravil 1967). During the 1990s, one shrub of V. vinifera was found in the floodplain forest south of Beclav
and it was identified as this subspecies (Vicherek et al. 2000). However, a detailed examination of flowers has shown
that they are hermaphrodite, and the plant therefore has to be assigned to the type subspecies (V. ehoek, in litt.).
Zannichellia palustris. Morphological variation within the Czech material of Z. palustris was shown to be
continuous in multivariate analysis and does not allowany clear separation of the traditionally recognized subspe-
cies palustris and pedicellata (Kaplan in tpnkov et al. 2010).

Checklist of Vascular Plants of The Czech Republic

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Checklist of Vascular Plants of The Czech Republic

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Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic

Seznam cvnatch rostlin kvteny esk republiky

Danihelka: Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic 667

668 Preslia 84: 647811, 2012

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