Nepali Yatayat Act 2049

www.lawcommission.gov.
np
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k| df0fLs/0f / k| s fzg ldlt
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;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgf M ;jf/L b' 3{ 6gfsf] /f]s yfd ug{, b'3{6gfaf6 kLl8t kIfnfO{ IftLk"l t{ lbnfpg,
aLdfJoj:yf ug{ / ;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ ;/n Pj+ ;' ne 9+ uaf6 oftfoft ;'l jwf pknJw
u/fpg oftfoft ;] j fnfO{ ;'b[9, ;Ifd tyf k| e fjsf/L agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf] n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]j sf] zf;gsfnsf] PSsfO;f}+ jif{df ;+ ;bn] of]
P]g agfPsf]5 .
kl/R5]b!
k|f/lDes
!=
;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]g sf] gfd ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P] g,
@)$( /x] s f]5 .
-@_ of] P]g t'Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@=
kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; P]g df,

-s_ ;jf/L eGgfn] oflGqs zlQmaf6 ;8sdf rNg] ;jf/Lsf] ;fwg ;Dg' k5{ .
-v_ ;jf/Lsf] jhg eGgfn] ;jf/Lsf] s" n jhg ;Dg' k5{ .
:ki6Ls/0f M s" n jhg eGgfn] ;jf/Lsf] OGhLg, r]l ;;, cGo cf} hf/ tyf
pks/0f nufot ;jf/L btf{sf] k| d f0fkqdf n]l vPsf] ;f] ;jf/Lsf] s" n ef/
jxg Ifdtf ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-u_ 7" nf] ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf # adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-3_ df} nf ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf $ adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-_ ;fgf] ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf % adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-r_ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L eGgfn] oftfoft ;] j fdf k|o f] u ul/g] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-5_ oftfoft ;] jf eGgfn] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] ef8f lnO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{]
7fpF ;Dd ofqL jf dfn;fdfg cf] ;f/k;f/ ug{] sfo{ ;Dg' k5{ .
-h_ ef8f eGgfn] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] oftfoft ;] jf k|bfg u/] afkt lng] /sd
jf z'N s ;Dg' k5{ .
-_ ko{ 6s ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf & adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-`_ lghL ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf * adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-6_ ;/sf/L ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf ( adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-7_ ;+:yfgsf] ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf !) adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-8_ s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k| fKt ;jf/L eGgfn] bkmf !! adf]l hdsf] ;jf/L ;Dg'
k5{ .
-9_ ofqL eGgfn] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Laf6 ofqf ug{] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
-0f_ dfn;fdfg eGgfn] dflg; afx] s ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf cf] ;f/k;f/ ul/g]
hgfj/, kG5L tyf s' g} lghL{ j j:t' ;Dg' k5{{ .
-t_ ofqLafxs ;jf/L eGgfn] ofqLxnfO{ oftfoft ;]j f k|b fg ug{] ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-y_ dfnafxs ;jf/L eGgfn] dfn;fdfg cf] ;f/k;f/ ug{] sfddf k|of] u ul/g]
;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-b_ btf{ s f] k| df0fkq eGgfn] bkmf !^ adf]l hd ;jf/L btf{ ul/ lbOPsf] ;jf/L
btf{ k| df0fkq ;Dg' k5{ .
-w_ rfns eGgfn] ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
-g_ rfns cg'dltkq eGgfn] bkmf %) adf]l hd clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln]
lbPsf] ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq ;Dg' k5{ .
-k_ kl/rfns eGgfn] bkmf ^& adf]l hd kl/rfns cg' dltkq k| fKt JolQm
;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;f] ;jf/Ldf sfd ug]{ cGo r] s/ tyf x]N k/nfO{
;d] t hgfpF5 .
-km_ ;'/IffsdL{ eGgfn] ofqL, dfn;fdfg tyf ;jf/Lsf] ;'/ Iffsf] lhDdf lng]
sd{ rf/L ;Dg' k5{ .
-a_
;fj{ hlgs :yfg eGgfn] ;fj{ hlgs ;8s, k] 6L, uNnL, gbL, k' n, af6f] jf
;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtf cfpg] , hfg] , a:g] 7fpF ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ofqLx
r9\ g, pqg jf ;jf/L /fVg lgwf{l/t 7fpF nfO{ ;d] t hgfpF 5 .
-e_
kfls{ :yn eGgfn] ;jf/L c8\ ofpg lgwf{l/t 7fpF ;Dg' k5{ .
-d_
a; la;f}g L eGgfn] ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf ofqLnfO{ ofqf ug{]

k|of] hgsf] nflu r9\g / cf] n{gsf] lgldQ lgwf{l/t 7fpF ;Dg' k5{ .
-o_
af6f] eGgfn] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L rnfpgnfO{ lgwf{l /t af6f] ;Dg' k5{ .
-/_
nfdf]af6f] -n 6_ eGgfn] ofqfsf] nflu k|: yfg ug{] :yfgaf6 b'O{ ;o

krf; lsnf]ld6/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L b"/ Lsf] uGtJo :yfg;Dd k'U g] af6f]
;Dg' k5{ .
-n_
dWod af6f] -ldl8od 6_ eGgfn] ofqfsf] nflu k| : yfg ug{] :yfgaf6

Ps;o lsnf]l d6/ eGbf a9L t/ b'O{ ;o krf; lsnf]l d6/ eGbf sDtL b"/ Lsf]
uGtJo :yfg;Dd k'U g] af6f] ;Dg' k5{ .
-j_
5f] 6f]] af6f] eGgfn] ofqfsf] nflu k|: yfg ug{] :yfgaf6 kRrL;
lsnf]ld6/b]l v Ps;o lsnf]l d6/;Ddsf] b" /Lsf] uGtJo :yfg;Dd k' Ug] af6f]
;Dg' k5{ .
-z_
:yfgLo af6f] eGgfn] ofqfsf] nflu k| : yfg ug{] :yfgaf6 kRrL;

lsnf]ld6/ eGbf sDtL b"/Lsf] uGtJo :yfg;Ddsf] af6f] ;Dg' k5{ .
-if_
af6f] Ohfhtkq eGgfn] :jLs[ t af6f] df ;jf/L rnfpg bkmf && adf]l hd
k| fKt u/] sf] Ohfhtkq ;Dg' k5{ .
-;_
hfF rkf; eGgfn] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] oflGqs l:yltsf] k/LIf0f u/L
lbOPsf] k|df0fkq ;Dg' k5{ .
-x_
aLdf eGgfn] ;jf/L, ofqL, dfn;fdfg, rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ ,

;jf/Ldf sfd ug{] cGo sd{ rf/L tyf t] ;|f] kIfsf] ;DaGwdf ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] ug{' kg{] aLdf ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] tT;DaGwdf ul/g]
slDk|x]lG;e aLdfnfO{ ;d] t hgfpF 5 .
-If_
;jf/L wgL eGgfn] ;jf/L btf{sf] k| df0fkqdf ;f] ;jf/Lsf] wgL egL
n]lvPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf cGo s'g} ;+ ul7t ;+ : yf ;Dg' k5{ .
-q_
Joj:yfks eGgfn] k~hLs[t oftfoft ;]jfdf ;+ nUg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{

Jojl:yt kdf ;~rfng ug{] lhDdf lnPsf] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
-1_
ofqL u' 06f eGgfn] ofqLn] cfkmgf] ;fydf lnO{ ofqf ug{] JolQmut
k|of] hgsf dfn;fdfg ;Dg' k5{ .
-1!_
6 flkms ;\ s]t eGgfn] k|x/L jf Ps ;jf/L rfnsn] csf{] ;jf/Lsf]

rfnsnfO{ lbPsf] ;" rgf, ;\s]t jf O{zf/f ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
;jf/Lsf] lgoGq0f jf lgb{]zgsf nflu lnlvt jf ;f\ s]l ts kdf 6fF ;]sf] ,
/fv] s f] jf h8fg ul/Psf] ;" rgf ;\ s]t jf O{ z f/f ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-1@_ k| b"i f0f eGgfn] ;jf/Laf6 lg:sg] WjgL tyf w'jfF sf] k| b"if0f ;Dg' k5{ .
-1#_
ljefu eGgfn] g] kfn ;/sf/, lgdf{0 f tyf oftfoft dGqfno, oftfoft

Joj:yf ljefu ;Dg' k5{ .
-1$_ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L eGgfn] oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{ nosf k| d' v ;Dg'
k5{ .
-1%_ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt eGgfn] bkmf !%$ adf]l hd ul7t oftfoft Joj:yfkg
;ldlt ;Dg' k5{ .
-1^_ k/LIff ;ldlt eGgfn] bkmf !%^ adf]l hd ul7t k/LIff ;ldlt ;Dg'
k5{ .
-1&_ oftfoft lg/LIfs eGgfn] bkmf !%& adf]l hd lgo'Qm JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
-1*_ k|l zIf0f s] Gb| eGgfn] bkmf !%( adf]l hd ljefuaf6 dfGotf k| fKt ;jf/L
rfns k|lzIf0f s]G b| ;Dg' k5{ .
-1(_ If]q eGgfn] oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{ nosf] k| fb]lzs If]qflwsf/ cGtu{t kg{]
u/L tf]lsPsf] If] q ;Dg' k5{ .
-1!)_ tf]l sPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]l hd eGgfn] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf]
lgod jf g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k| sflzt u/L hf/L ul/Psf] ;"lrt cfb]z df
tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]l hd ;Dg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b @
;jf/Lsf] juL{s /0f
#=
7"nf] ;jf/L M bz 6geGbf a9L jhg ePsf] cg' ;"rL ! sf] v08 -s_ df lnlvt
;jf/LnfO{ 7" nf] ;jf/L elgg]5 .
$=
df}nf ;jf/L M rf/ 6gb]l v bz 6g;Dd jhg ePsf] cg' ;"rL ! sf] v08 -v_ df
lnlvt ;jf/LnfO{ df} nf ;jf/L elgg] 5 .
%=
;fgf] ;jf/L M rf/ 6geGbf sDtL jhg ePsf] cg' ;"rL ! sf] v08 -u_ df lnlvt
;jf/LnfO{ ;fgf] ;jf/L elgg] 5 .
^=
;fj{hlgs ;jf/L M -!_ oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{ btf{sf] k| d f0fkq k| fKt ;jf/LnfO{
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L elgg] 5 .
-@_ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ ofqLafxs / dfnafxs u/L hDdf b'O{ lsl;ddf
ljefhg ul/g] 5 .
-#_ ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ lbjf tyf /fqL ;] j fdf ljefhg u/L
b]xfosf >]0 fLdf 5' 6\ofO{ oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] Ohfhtkq lbOg] 5M
-s_
l;w} -8fO/]S 6_ ;] jf,
-v_
b|'t -PS;k|] ;_ ;] jf /
-u_
;fwf/0f -nf]sn_ ;] jf .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd ljefhg ul/Psf ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf]
:t/, ult tyf cGo cfjZos Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
-%_ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu ;f] ;jf/Lsf] cufl8 tyf k5fl8
cg' ;"rL @ sf] v08 -s_ df n]l vP adf]l hd gDa/ Kn] 6 /fVg' k5{ .
&=
ko{6s ;jf/L M -!_ ljb]z L ko{ 6snfO{ oftfoft ;] j f k|b fg ug{ btf{s f] k| df0fkq
k| fKt ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ ko{ 6s ;jf/L elgg]5 .
-@_ ko{ 6s ;jf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu ;f] ;jf/Lsf] cufl8 tyf k5fl8
cg' ;"rL @ sf] v08 -v_ df n]l vP adf]l hdsf] gDa/ Kn] 6 /fVg' k5{ .
*=
lghL ;jf/L M -!_ lghL k|o f] usf] nflu btf{sf] k| df0fkq k| fKt ;jf/LnfO{ lghL ;jf/L
elgg]5 .
-@_ lghL ;jf/L oftfoft ;] jfsf] nflu k| of] u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ lghL ;jf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu ;f] ;jf/Lsf] cufl8 tyf k5fl8
cg' ;"rL @ sf] v08 -u_ df n]l vP adf]l hdsf] gDa/ Kn] 6 /fVg' k5{ .
(=
;/sf/L ;jf/L M -!_
s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{ nosf] gfddf btf{ eO{ btf{ sf] k| df0fkq
k| fKt g] kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;jf/LnfO{ ;/sf/L ;jf/L elgg]5 .

-@_ ;/sf/L ;jf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu ;f] ;jf/Lsf] cufl8 tyf k5fl8
cg' ;"rL @ sf] v08 -3_ df n]l vP adf]l hdsf] gDa/ Kn] 6 /fVg' k5{ .
!)=
;+:yfgsf] ;jf/L M -!_ g] kfn ;/sf/sf] k" 0f{ , clwsf+ z jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf]
;+ ul7t ;+: yfsf] gfddf btf{ eO{ btf{s f] k| df0fkq k| fKt ;jf/LnfO{ ;+ : yfgsf] ;jf/L
elgg]5 .
-@_ ;+ : yfgsf] ;jf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu ;f] ;jf/Lsf] cufl8 tyf k5fl8
cg' ;"rL @ sf] v08 -_ df n]l vP adf]lhdsf] gDa/ Kn] 6 /fVg' k5{ .
!!=
s"6gLlts ;'ljwf k|fKt ;jf/L M -!_ s"6gLlts lgof] u jf s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k| fKt
sfof{ no, of] hgf, lgsfo jf JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ eO{ btf{ s f] k|df0fkq k| fKt
;jf/LnfO{ s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k| fKt ;jf/L elgg] 5 .
-@_ s" 6gLlts ;'ljwf k| fKt ;jf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu ;f] ;jf/Lsf] cufl8
tyf k5fl8 cg' ;"rL @ sf] v08 -r_ df n]lvP adf]l hdsf] gDa/ Kn] 6 /fVg' k5{ .
!@=
cGo k|of]hgsf] lglDt k|of]u ug{ gx'g] M -!_ s' g} Ps k|o f] hgsf] lglDt btf{ ePsf]
;jf/L csf{] k| of] hgsf] lglDt k|of] u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-@_ eG;f/ dx;' n 5" 6 x'g] u/L ;'l jwf k|bfg ul/Psf] ;jf/LnfO{ h'g
k|of] hgsf] lglDt eG;f/ dx;' n 5" 6 lbOPsf] xf] To:tf] k|o f]hgsf] lglDt afx]s cGo
k|of] hgsf] lglDt To:tf] ;'l jwf k| fKt ;jf/L k| of] u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b#
;jf/L btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!#=
k|j]z btf{ u/fpg' kg{] M -!_ ljb] zaf6 ;jf/L k}7 f/L ug{] JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLn]
To:tf] ;jf/L g] kfnleq k| j]z ug{] :yfgdf /x]sf] k| x/L sfof{ nodf To:tf] ;jf/Lsf]
k| j]z btf{ ug{ s f] nflu b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd k|j]z btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu b/vf:t k/]d f k|x/L
sfof{ non] To:tf] ;jf/L v/Lb u/]sf] lg:;f / ;DalGwt sfuhftxsf] hfF ra'
u/L To:tf] ;jf/LnfO{ kGw| lbgsf] lglDt k| j]z btf{ u/L To:tf] ;jf/L k}7 f/L ug{]
JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLnfO{ k|j] z btf{ s f] lg:;f lbg' k5{ / To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] ljj/0f
oyfzL3| ;DalGwt oftfot Joj:yf sfof{ nodf k7fpg' k5{ .
!$=
;jf/L btf{ u/fpg' kg{] M -!_ s'g} klg ;jf/L v/Lb ug{] jf ljb]z af6 k}7 f/L ug{]
JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLn] jf ;jf/L laqmL ljt/0f ug{] Ph]0 6n] ;jf/L v/Lb u/] sf] jf
k}7f/L u/L g] kfnleq eG;f/ lt/L NofPsf] ldltn] kGw|lbgleq clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/L ;dIf btf{ u/fpg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd btf{ gu/L s' g} klg ;jf/L rnfpg jf rnfpg
lbg x'Fb}g .
!%=
;jf/L btf{ u/fpg b/vf:t lbg' kg{] M -!_ bkmf !$ adf]l hd s'g} ;jf/L btf{
u/fpg' k/] df To:tf] ;jf/L g] kfnleq v/Lb u/]s f] eP v/Lb ug{] JolQm, kmd{ jf
sDkgL jf Ph]0 6n] ;f] v/Lb u/]s f] lg:;f / To:tf] ;jf/L ljb]z af6 k}7f/L u/] sf]
eP k}7f/L ug{] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf Ph]G6n] ;f] ;jf/Lsf] eG;f/ dx;' n lt/] sf]
lg:;f tyf cGo ;DalGwt sfuhft ;lxt tf]l sPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;d] t
;+ nUg /fvL clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
t/ s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k| fKt ;jf/L btf{ ug{ btf{ b:t' / nfUg] 5} g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t lbg] JolQmn] g] kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft
k|ltlnlk / xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] cfgf] tLg k|lt kf;kf] 6{ ;fOhsf] kmf] 6f] ;d] t
b/vf:t ;fy ;+ nUg u/] sf] x'g' k5{ .
-#_ ;/sf/L ;jf/Lsf] xsdf To:tf] ;jf/L h' g ;/sf/L sfof{ nosf] gfddf
btf{ x' g] xf] ;f] sfof{ nosf] kq / s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k| fKt ;jf/Lsf] xsdf g] kfn
;/sf/, k//fi6 dGqfnosf] l;kmfl/;kq ;d] t ;+ nUg u/]sf] x' g' k5{ . s" 6gLlts
;'ljwf k| fKt ;jf/L s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ x'g] ePdf lghn] cfgf]] kf;kf] 6{ jf
gful/stfsf] k|l tlnlk Pj+ tLg k|l t kf;kf] 6{ ;fOhsf] kmf] 6f] ;+ nUg u/]sf] x'g' k5{ .
-$_ g] kfnleq s' g} Joj;fo tyf sfd sf/f] jf/ u/L a;] s f] ljb] z L gful/sn]
cfgf]] lghL k| o f] usf] lglDt s' g} ;jf/L btf{ u/fpg rfx] df pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df
n]lvPsf s'/ fxsf cltl/Qm ;DalGwt s" 6gLlts lgof]usf] l;kmfl/;kq ;d] t
;+ nUg u/] s f] x'g' k5{ .
-%_ gfafnssf] gfddf s'g} ;jf/L btf{ u/fpg' k/]d f lghsf] tkm{a f6
lghsf] ;+/Ifsn] gfafns tyf cfgf]] ;d] t tLg tLg k|l t kf;kf] 6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f]
Pj+ gful/stfsf] k| d fl0ft k|l tlnlk ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
!^=
;jf/L btf{s f] k|df0fkq M -!_ bkmf !% adf]l hd s'g} ;jf/L btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu
b/vf:t k/] df clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] cfjZos hfF ra' u/L b/vf:tjfnfsf]
gfddf To:tf] ;jf/L btf{ u/L cg' ;"rL # adf]lhdsf] 9fF rfdf btf{s f] k|d f0fkq lbg'
k5{ .
t/ ;fdflhs, wfld{s , k/f] ksf/L tyf z}l Ifs p2] Zon] :yfkgf ePsf
/fli6o tyf cGt//fli6o ;+ 3 ;+ :yfx Pj+ k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd :yflkt ;+ ul7t
;+ :yfxsf] gfpF df afx] s rf} w eGbf a9L ;L6 ;+ Vof tyf rf/ 6g jf ;f] eGbf a9L
s" n jhg ePsf ;jf/LxnfO{ lghL;jf/Lsf] kdf btf{ ul/g] 5} g .
-@_ gfafnssf] gfddf ;jf/L btf{ ubf{ ;+/Ifs ;d] tsf] gfd btf{sf]
k| df0fkqdf pNn] v u/L btf{ sf] k| d f0fkqdf lghsf] ;d] t ;xL u/fpg' k5{ .
-#_ btf{ sf] k| df0fkqdf ;jf/L v/Lb ubf{ ;jf/Lsf] lgdf{tfn] lbPsf] ;jf/Lsf]
k| fljlws ljj/0fdf n]l vPsf] ;jf/Lsf] s" n ef/jxg IfdtfnfO{ ;f] ;jf/Lsf] jhg
dfgL pNn] v ug{' k5{ / To;/L ;jf/Lsf] jhg pNn] v ubf{ To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] ef/
/lxt jhg / ef/jxg Ifdtf ;d] t 5' f5'} kdf :ki6 x' g] u/L pNn] v ug{' k5{ .
-$_ btf{sf] k| df0fkq lbOPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ ;Dd axfn /xg]5 .
!&=
;8sdf rNg ;Sg] ;Ifdtfsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg{

kg] M -!_ bkmf !^ adf]l hd s'g} ;jf/L
btf{ ug{' eGbf cufj} To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg ;lsg] 7Ls l:yltdf 5 jf 5} g eGg]
s'/fsf] bkmf @# adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] dfkb08sf cwLgdf /xL hfF ra' u/L rnfpg
;lsg] 7Ls l:yltdf /x] 5 eg] dfq To:tf] ;jf/L btf{ u/L btf{sf] k|d f0fkq lbg'
k5{ . To;/L btf{s f] k| d f0fkq lb+b f To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] wgLnfO{ To:tf] ;jf/L ;8sdf
rNg ;Sg] ;Ifdtf -/f] 8 cf] bL{g] ;_ sf] k| df0fkq ;d]t lbg' k5{ .
klxnf] ;+zf]w gf/f ;+z f]lwt .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;Ifdtfsf] k| d f0fkq ;jf/Ldf 6fF ;L /fVg'
k5{ .
!*=
;+o'Qm btf{ M s'g} ;jf/L ;+o' Qm kdf btf{ ug{ b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L JolQmn]
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf bkmf !% adf]lhd b/vf:t lbPdf clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] cfjZos hfF ra' u/L To:tf] ;jf/LnfO{ tL JolQmxsf] gfddf ;+ o'Qm
kdf btf{ u/L lghxnfO{ bkmf !^ df n]l vP adf]lhdsf] btf{ k| df0fkq lbg' k5{ .
!(=
c:yfoL btf{ M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} ;jf/L c:yfoL kdf btf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 M
-s_
;jf/L k}7f/L ug{] JolQm ;jf/L btf{ u/fpg' kg{] Dofb leq btf{ u/fpg
pkl:yt x' g g;Sg] dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f ePdf .
-v_
k}7f/L ul/Psf] ;jf/Lsf] OGhLg, r]l;; jf cGo s' g} kf6{ k"hf{s f] v/faLsf]
sf/0fn] ubf{ t' Gt btf{ u/fpg ;jf/L Nofpg g;lsg] ePdf .
-u_
v08 -v_ df n]l vPsf] cj:yfdf k/L ;f] ;jf/L lgdf{0 f ug{] sDkgL jf laqmL
ug{] Ph]G 6 jf aLdf sDkgL;+ u IftLk"l t{ aLdf;DaGwL ljjfb k/L t'Gt btf{
ug{ g;lsg] ePdf .
@)=
c:yfoL btf{sf] nflu b/vf:t M -!_ bkmf !( df n]l vPsf] s'g} cj:yf k/L s'g}
;jf/L k} 7f/L ug{] JolQm jf lghsf] cg' kl:yltdf lghsf] glhssf] xsjfnfn] ;f]
;jf/L k}7f/L ug{] JolQmsf] gfddf c:yfoL kdf btf{ ug{ ;f] ;jf/Lsf] eG;f/
dx;" n lt/] sf] lg:;f tyf cGo ;DalGwt sfuhft;lxt tf]l sPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t lb+b f b/vf:tjfnfn] g] kfnL gful/stfsf]
k| dfl0ft k|l tlnlk / h;sf] gfddf c:yfoL btf{ ul/g] xf] ;f] JolQmsf] xfn;fn}
lvlrPsf] tLg k|l t kmf] 6f] ;d] t ;+ nUg u/]s f] x'g' k5{ .
@!=
c:yfoL btf{sf] k|df0fkq M -!_ bkmf @) adf]l hd s' g} ;jf/L c:yfoL btf{ u/fpgsf]
nflu s;}sf] b/vf:t k/]d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] ;f] ;jf/L bkmf !( adf]l hd
c:yfoL btf{ ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 5}g eGg] s'/ fsf] hfF ra' u/L To:tf] ;jf/L
c:yfoL kdf btf{ u/L cg' ;"rL $ adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf c:yfoL btf{s f] k| df0fkq
lbg' k5{ .
-@_ c:yfoL btf{ sf] k|d f0fkqdf ;f] ;jf/Ldf /fVg' kg{] gDa/ Kn] 6df c:yfoL
;d] t n] Vg' kg{] s'/ f hgfpg' k5{ .
-#_ c:yfoL btf{s f] k| df0fkq Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L a9Ldf 5
dxLgf;Dd axfn /xg] u/L lbg ;lsg] 5 .
@@= ;jf/L Nofpg' kg{] M bkmf !#, !% jf @) adf]l hd s'g} ;jf/L btf{ ug{ bkmf #&
adf]l hd ;jf/L gfd;f/L ug{ / bkmf #( adf]l hd ;jf/Lsf] s' g} s'/ f x]/ km]/ ug{ sf]
nflu b/vf:t lb+b f To:tf] b/vf:t lbg] JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLn] To;/L btf{,
gfd;f/L jf s'g} s' /f x] / km]/ u/fpg rfx]s f] ;jf/L ;d] t ;fy} Nofpg' k5{ .
@#=
;jf/Lsf] hfFra'sf] nflu dfkb08 tf]Sg ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} ;jf/L rnfpg ;lsg]
l:yltdf 5 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] hfF ra' u/L olsg ug{ b]x fosf s'/fxsf ;DaGwdf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos dfkb08 lgwf{ /0f u/L tf]S g ;Sg] 5 M
-s_
;jf/Lsf] oflGqs l:yltsf] ;DaGwdf .
-v_
;jf/Lsf] nDafO{, rf} 8fO{ , prfO{ , agf} 6 jf :jksf]

;DaGwdf .
-u_
;jf/Laf6 x' g ;Sg] k|b"i f0fsf] ;DaGwdf .
-3_
;jf/L rnfpg ;lsg] cjlwsf] ;DaGwdf .
-@_ s' g} ;jf/L rnfpg ;lsg] l:yltdf 5 jf 5}g eGg] s' /fsf] hfF ra'
u/L ;Ifdtfsf] k| df0fkq lb+ bf jf hfF rkf; ubf{ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]l hd tf]lsPsf] dfkb08sf cwLgdf /xL hfF ra' ug{' k5{ .
@$=
;jf/L btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} ;jf/L btf{ ug{sf nflu b/vf:t k/L
;f] ;jf/L btf{ ug{] ;DaGwdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] ;f] ;jf/LnfO{ bkmf @# df
tf]lsPsf dfkb08sf cwLgdf /xL hfF ra' ubf{ To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg ;lsg]
l:yltdf /x] s f] gb]l vPdf To:tf] ;jf/L btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s' g} ;jf/L btf{ ug{ OGsf/ ul/Pdf clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] ;f] s f] sf/0f v' nfO{ b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ ;" rgf lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g ;'s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg jftfj/0fsf]
k|b"i f0f, ;jf/Lsf] rfk, ;8ssf] l:ylt, ;jf/L cfjfudgdf kg{] sl7gfO{ jf o:t}
10
cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ ;fj{ hlgs lxtsf] nflu s'g} lsl;dsf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] bkmf !$
adf]l hd ul/g] btf{ /f]Ssf ug{ dgfl;a b] v]df ljefun] s'g} jf ;a} oftfoft
Joj:yf sfof{ nonfO{ To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] btf{ /f]S sf ug{] cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5 .
@%=
btf{s f] dfGotf M -!_ o; P]g adf]l hd s'g} Ps If] qdf btf{ ePsf] ;jf/L csf{]
If] qdf klg rnfpg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h' g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg Ps If] q df btf{ ePsf]
;jf/L nuftf/ jf k6s k6s u/L Ps jif{ eGbf a9L s'g} csf{] If]q df rnfpg
kfO{g] 5}g .
t/ ;/sf/L ;jf/L, ;+ : yfgsf] ;jf/L, s" 6gLlts ;'l jwfk|fKt ;jf/L / af6f]sf]
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;jf/Lsf] xsdf of] aGb] h nfu" x'g] 5}g .
@^=
hfgsf/L lbg' kg{

kg] M -!_ Ps If] qdf btf{ ePsf] ;jf/L csf{] If] qdf k| j]z u/] d f k| j]z
u/] s f] rf} aL; 306fleq ;f] ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf rfnsn] ghLssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf
To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd k| j]z u/]s f] ;jf/L tL; lbg eGbf a9L To; If] qdf
rnfpg k/]d f To:tf] ;jf/L ;f] If]qdf k|j]z u/] sf] ;ft lbgleq ;jf/L wgL jf
rfnsn] clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[l t lng' k5{ .
@&=
;jf btf{ M -!_ bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -@_ df n]l vPsf] eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu
Ps If] qdf btf{ ePsf] ;jf/L csf{] If] q df rnfpg k/] df ;jf/L wgLn] btf{ sf]
k| df0fkq;fy cfgf]] xfn;fn} lvr]sf] tLg k|l t kf;kf] 6{ ;fOhsf] kmf] 6f] / tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf ;jf
btf{ sf] nflu b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] b/vf:t k/]d f clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] bkmf
@# adf]l hd lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf cwLgdf /xL To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] hfF ra' u/L ;jf
btf{ ug{ pko' Qm b] v]df To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] ;jf btf{ u/L ;jf/L wgLnfO{ btf{sf]
k| df0fkq lbg' k5{ .
@*=
;jf/Lsf] nut /fVg' kg{] M clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] o; P] g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf]
k| To] s ;jf/Lsf] wgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ;jf/L btf{ ePsf] ldlt, btf{ gDa/, ;jf/L
lgdf{ tfsf] gfd, df] 8]n, jif{ , OGhLg gDa/, r]l ;; gDa/, ;jf/Lsf] lsl;d / jhg
11
OToflb ;d] t :ki6 kdf v'N g] u/L btf{ lstfadf n] Vg nufO{ ;jf/Lsf] nut
cBfjlws /fVg' k5{ . To:tf] btf{ lstfasf] ;DalGwt kfgfdf ;jf/L wgLsf] kmf] 6f]
;d] t 6fFl ;Psf] x'g' k5{ .
@(=
cg'dlt glnO{ ljb]zL ;jf/L rnfpg gx'g] M ljb] zdf btf{ ePsf] ;jf/L k| rlnt
sfg"g adf]l hd cg' dlt glnO{ g] kfnleq rnfpg x'F b}g .
#)=
ljb]]z L ;jf/L rnfpg cg'dlt lbg] M ljb]z df btf{ ePsf] ;jf/L g] kfnleq rnfpg]
cg'dlt dfu]d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] b:t' / lnO{ a9Ldf Ps
dxLgf;Ddsf] nflu To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg] 5 .
t/ To:tf] ;jf/LnfO{ g] kfnleq oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug]{ cg' dlt lbOg]
5}g .
#!=
btf{s f] k|df0fkq gjLs/0f M -!_ bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd btf{ sf]
k| df0fkqdf n]l vPsf] Dofb gf3]sf] tLg dxLgfleq btf{s f] k| d f0fkq gjLs/0f u/fO{
;Sg' k5{ .
-@_ ;jf/L wgL jf lghn] v6fPsf] JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd btf{sf]
k| df0fkq gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu tf]l sPsf] b:t'/ ;+ nUg /fvL btf{s f] k| df0fkq
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug{' k5{ .
t/ s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k|fKt ;jf/Lsf] btf{sf] k|d f0fkq gjLs/0f ug{ s'g}
b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd gjLs/0fsf] nflu btf{ s f] k|d f0fkq k]z x' g cfPdf
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] btf{s f] k| df0fkq csf{] Ps jif{ sf] nflu gjLs/0f
ug{' k5{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofb gf3L btf{ s f] k|df0fkq gjLs/0f u/fpg
cfpg] ;jf/L wgLaf6 gjLs/0f b:t'/ sf] cltl/Qm ;f] Dofb gf3] s f] Ps jif{ ;Dd
Ps;o k|ltzt, b' O{ jif{ ;Dd b' O{;o k|ltzt, tLg jif{ ;Dd tLg;o k|ltzt, rf/
jif{ ;Dd rf/;o k|l tzt / kfF r jif{ ;Dd kfF r;o k|l tzt b:t'/ ;d] t lnO{ To:tf]
btf{ sf] k| df0fkq gjLs/0f ug{' k5{ .
#@=
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;"rgf ug{ ;Sg]

;Sg M bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf]
Dofbleq btf{ sf] k| d f0fkq gjLs/0f ug{ gNofPdf s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k| fKt ;jf/Lsf]
12
;DaGwdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] k//fi6 dGqfno dfkm{ t ;DalGwt s" 6gLlts
lgof] u, sfof{ no jf JolQmnfO{ To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] btf{ sf] k|d f0fkq gjLs/0f ug{ ;" rgf
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
##=
gjLs/0f
gjLs/0f ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;' s} s' /f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L ;jf/L, ;+: yfgsf] ;jf/L, s" 6gLlts ;'l jwf k| fKt ;jf/L
/ lghL ;jf/Lsf] wgLn] cfgf]] ;jf/Lsf] btf{ sf] k| df0fkq kfF r jif{ ;Dd Ps} k6s
gjLs/0f u/fpg rfx]d f kfF r jif{ ;Ddsf] nflu nfUg] gjLs/0f b:t' / ;+ nUg /fvL
btf{ sf] k| df0fkq k] z u/] d f clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] btf{ sf] k| d f0fkq kfFr
jif{ ;Ddsf] nflu Ps} k6s gjLs/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#$=
btf{s f] k|df0fkq :jtM /2 x'g] M -!_ bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t
cjlw;Dd klg gjLs/0f gu/fPsf] btf{sf] k| df0fkq :jtM /2 x' g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd btf{ sf] k|d f0fkq /2 ePsf] ;jf/Lsf] nut btf{
lstfaaf6 sf x'g] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd btf{ lstfaaf6 nut sf eO{ ;s]sf btf{sf]
k| df0fkq gjLs/0f ul/g] 5}g .
#%=
k'gM btf{ x'g ;Sg]

;Sg M bkmf #$ adf]lhd btf{ sf] k|df0fkq /2 eO{ nut sf ePsf]
;jf/L k'gM btf{ sf] nflu NofPdf bkmf #! adf]l hd lng afF s L gjLs/0f b:t'/ tyf
yk b:t'/ sf] cltl/Qm hlt jif{ kl5 btf{sf] nflu NofPsf] xf] Tolt jif{sf] nflu bkmf
#! sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hdsf] yk b:t'/sf] bf] Aa/ hl/jfgf ;d] t lnO{ To:tf]
;jf/L bkmf !^ adf]l hd btf{ u/L ;jf/L wgLnfO{ csf{] btf{sf] k| df0fkq lbg' k5{ .
#^=
;jf/L wgLsf] 7]ufgf ablnPdf ;"rgf ug{'kg{] M -!_ o; P] g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf]
s'g} ;jf/Lsf] wgLsf] :yfoL 7] ufgf ablnPdf Ps dxLgfleq btf{sf] k|d f0fkq ;d] t
;+ nUg /fvL ;f] s'/ fsf] ;" rgf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] ;" rgf k|fKt ePkl5 clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln]
btf{ sf] k| df0fkqdf gofF 7] ufgf hgfO{ btf{ lstfadf ;d] t ;Rofpg]5 .
#&=
;jf/Lsf] gfd;f/L M -!_ o; P]g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] ;jf/Lsf] wgLn] cfgf]] ;jf/L
c s;} nfO{ bfg as; lbO{ jf laqmL u/L jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] :jfldTj
x:tfGt/0f u/]d f kGw| lbgleq ;f] ;jf/Lsf] gfd;f/Lsf] nflu btf{ sf] k|df0fkq /
13
;jf/L ;fwg s/ lt/]s f] lg:;f ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ ;jf/L wgLsf] d[ To' eO{ h;sf] gfddf :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f x' g' kg{] xf] ;f]
xsjfnfn] ;jf/L wgLsf] d[To' ePsf] ldltn] k}+ tL; lbgleq ;jf/L wgLsf] d[ To'
ePsf] k| df0f, btf{s f] k| df0fkq / ;jf/L ;fwg s/ lt/] sf] lg:;f tyf cfkm" ;a}
eGbf ghLssf] xsjfnf xf] eGg] s'/fsf] k| df0f ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL ;f] ;jf/L cfgf]]
gfddf gfd;f/L u/fpg tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t
lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]l hd gfd;f/Lsf] nflu b/vf:t k/]d f clwsf/
k| fKt clwsf/Ln] cfjZos hfF ra' u/L tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ btf{ sf] k|df0fkqdf
gfd;f/Lsf] Aoxf]/f hgfO{ gfd;f/L ug{' k5{ .
t/ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd gfd;f/Lsf] nflu Ps eGbf a9L a/fa/Lsf
xsjfnfsf] b/vf:t k/] df tL ;a} xsjfnfsf] gfddf To:tf] ;jf/L ;+o'Qmkdf btf{
u/L gfd;f/L ug{' k5{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd s'g} ;jf/Lsf] gfd;f/L ePdf ;f] adf]l hd
:jfldTj x:tfGt/0f eO{ gfd;f/L ePsf] Aoxf]/ f btf{ lstfadf hgfpg' k5{ .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]l hd s'g} ;jf/Lsf] gfd;f/L ug{] ;Gbe{df clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] hfF ra' ubf{ ;f] ;jf/Ldf xs a]x s ;DaGwL s'g} d' 2f k/]s f] b]l vPdf
To:tf] d'2fsf] clGtd lsgf/f geP;Dd To:tf] ;jf/L s;} s f] gfddf gfd;f/L ug{'
x'Fb}g .
#*=
btf{ kl/jt{g ug{ gx'g] M o; P]gdf cGoq h' g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg
dfnafxs ;jf/Lsf] kdf btf{ eO{ btf{ sf] k|d f0fkq k| fKt ;jf/LnfO{ ofqLafxs
;jf/Ldf btf{ kl/jt{g ug{] u/L btf{ sf] k| d f0fkq lbOg] 5}g .
#(=
:jLs[lt glnO{ x]/km]/ ug{ gx'g] M -!_ ;jf/L wgLn] clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Lsf]
:jLs[l t glnO{ ;jf/Lsf] /,
;L6 ;+ Vof, :jk, OGhLg jf r]l ;;df kl/jt{g x'g]
u/L ;jf/Ldf x] /km] / ug{ x'Fb}g .
14
t/ o; pkbkmfn] ;jf/Ldf ;fdfGo kf6{k" hf{ kl/jt{g ug{ s'g} afwf

k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd x]/ km]/ ug{' k/L :jLs[l t dfu] df clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] cfjZos hfF ra' u/L To:tf] x] / km]/ ug{ pko' Qm x'g] b] v]df x]/ km]/ ug{]
:jLs[l t lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;jf/L lgdf{ tf sDkgLn] ;jf/Lsf] agf] 6 ;DaGwdf lgwf{ /0f u/]sf]
lj:t[ t ljj/0f -:k]l ;lkms]zg_ df kl/jt{g ug]{ u/L :jLs[l t lbOg] 5} g .

-@s_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd x]/km]/ sf] nflu :jLs[lt lb+ bf ;jf/L btf{ ubf{
nfUg] b:t'/sf] krf; k|l tzt b:t'/ lnOg]5 .

$)=
btf{s f] k|df0fkq :ylut ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] b] xfosf] cj:yfdf
s'g} ;jf/Lsf] btf{s f] k|d f0fkq b]xfo adf]l hdsf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu :ylut ug{] u/L
cfb]z lbg ;Sg] 5M
-s_
;jf/Lsf] cj:yf v/fa eO{ ;f] rnfpFb f ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hLp

jf ;DklQdf xflg gf]S ;fgL x'g] b]l vPdf ;f] ;jf/L
;Gtf]ifk| bkdf d/Ddt gu/] ;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu, /
-v_
;jf/L wgLn] o; P] g adf]l hd k" /f ug{' kg{] s'g} zt{ k"/f

gu/L jf of] P]g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag]s f] lgodsf]
kl/lwleq /xL clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] cfb] zsf]
pNn\3 g u/L ;jf/L rnfPdf a9Ldf 5 dxLgf;Ddsf]
nflu .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd btf{ sf] k| df0fkq :ylut ug{] u/L ;jf/L wgLnfO{
cfb]z lb+bf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] ;f] s f] sf/0f ;d] t :ki6kdf v' nfPsf] x'g'
k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd btf{ sf] k|d f0fkq :ylut u/] df clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{ nonfO{ lbg' k5{ .
klxnf] ;+zf] w gf/f yk .
15
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd btf{ sf] k| d f0fkq :ylut u/] df clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] cfb]z lbPsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq ;jf/L wgLn] btf{s f] k| df0fkq
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf a' fpg' k5{ .
-%_ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] btf{s f] k|df0fkqsf] :yug cjlw ;dfKt
ePkl5 pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd ;jf/L wgLn] a' fPsf] btf{ sf] k| d f0fkq lghnfO{ g}
lkmtf{ ug{' k5{ .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd btf{s f] k|df0fkq ;jf/L wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ lb+bf
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;f] btf{ s f] k| df0fkqdf :ylut ePsf] cjlw / sf/0f ;d] t
:ki6 hgfO{ ;f] s'/ fsf] clen] v btf{ lstfadf ;d] t hgfpg nufpg' k5{ .
$!=
btf{s f] k|df0fkq vf/]h ug{] M -!_ o; P]g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] s'g} ;jf/L s'g}
lsl;dn] gfl;Pdf jf rNg g;Sg] u/L lalu| Pdf jf ;w}+sf] nflu g] kfnaflx/
nluPdf ;jf/L wgLn] tL; lbgleq btf{s f] k| df0fkq ;+ nUg /fvL To:tf] ;jf/Lsf]
nut sf ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
t/ k' /ftflTjs b[li6sf]0 fn] dxTjk"0 f{ ;jf/L jf To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] s' g} kf6{ k"hf{
g]kfnaflx/ nUg k/]df ;jf/L wgLn] clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Lsf] k" j{ :jLs[l t lng'
k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] b/vf:t k/] d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln]
cfjZos hfF ra' u/L Aoxf]/ f ;fF rf] b] v]d f To:tf] btf{ s f] k|df0fkq vf/] h u/L ;f]
sf] Aoxf]/ f btf{ lstfadf hgfO{ To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] nut sf ug{' k5{ .
$@=
gjLs/0f b:t'/ ldGxf lbg] M o; P] g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] s' g} ;jf/L s' g} sf/0faf6
hkmt eO{ jf b'3{ 6gfdf k/L jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 lau|L Ps jif{ eGbf a9L
cjlw;Ddsf nflu rNg jf rnfpg g;lsg] ePdf ;jf/L wgLn] ;f] Aoxf]/ f v' nfO{
btf{ sf] k|df0fkqsf] ;fy ;f] s' /fsf] k| d f0f k] z u/] df clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln]
To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] btf{ sf] k| d f0fkq lvrL ;f] ;jf/L rnfpg g;lsg] cjlw;Ddsf]
nflu
$#=
;f] ;jf/Lsf] wgLn] ltg{' kg{] gjLs/0f b:t'/ ldgfxf lbg ;Sg]5 .
btf{s f] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk lbg] M -!_ btf{s f] k|df0fkq x/fPdf, RofltPdf, 'qf]
eO{ ga'lg] ePdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 gfl;Pdf ;f] eP u/] sf] ldltn] kGw|
16
lbgleq ;jf/L wgLn] clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf tf]l sPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ ;+ nUg /fvL b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] b/vf:t pk/ cfjZos 5fglag ubf{ Aoxf]/f
7Ls b] v]df clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] ;jf/L wgLnfO{ To:tf] btf{ s f] k|df0fkqsf]
k|ltlnlk lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd btf{ sf] k| d f0fkqsf] k|l tlnlk hf/L u/]sf] ;" rgf
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt k|x /L sfof{ nonfO{ lbg] 5 .
$$=
ljj/0f k]z ug{' kg{] M -!_ ljb] zaf6 ;jf/L k}7 f/L ug{] kmd{ , sDkgL jf Ph]0 6n]
cfkm" n] k} 7f/L u/] sf] k|To]s ;jf/Lsf] df] 8]n, OlGhg gDa/, r]l ;; gDa/ tyf To:tf]
;jf/Lsf] lsl;d / lgdf{ tfsf] gfd ;d] t pNn] v u/L To:tf] ;jf/Lx dWo] s'g
;jf/L s;nfO{ slxn] laqmL u/] sf] / cfkm" n] k}7 f/L u/L afFsL /x] s f] ;jf/L dWo] slt
;jf/L df}Hbft /x]s f] 5 eGg] ;d] t v' nfO{ k|To]s dxLgf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L
;dIf ljj/0f k]z ug{' k5{ .
-@_ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] ljb] zaf6 ;jf/L k} 7f/L u/L laqmL ljt/0f ug{]
kmd{, sDkgL jf Ph] G6af6 pkbkmf -!_ df n]l vPsf] ljj/0fxsf] cltl/Qm ;jf/L
k}7f/L tyf laqmL ljt/0f ;DaGwL cGo s'g} cfjZos ljj/0f tyf sfuhft dfUg
;Sg]5 . To;/L dfluPsf] ljj/0f tyf sfuhft t'Gt pknJw u/fpg] st{ Jo
To:tf] kmd{, sDkgL jf Ph] G 6sf] x'g] 5 .
kl/R5]b $
rfns cg'dltkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$%=
;jf/L rnfpg gx'g] M s'g} klg JolQmn] rfns cg' dltkq k|fKt gu/L s'g} klg
;jf/L rnfpg x'F b}g .
$^=
;jf/L
;jf/L rnfpg lbg gx'g] M s;} n] cfgf]] :jfldTjsf] jf cfgf]] lhDdfdf /x]sf] s'g}
;jf/L rfns cg' dltkq k| fKt gu/]sf] s' g} JolQmnfO{ rnfpg lbg x'F b}g .
$&=
rfnssf] nflu cof]Uotf M b]xfosf JolQmx rfns cg' dltkq k| fKt ug{ cof]Uo
dflgg] 5g\M
-s_
7" nf] ;jf/Lsf] lgldQ @! jif{ pd]/ gk' u]sf] JolQm .
-v_
df} nf / ;fgf] ;jf/Lsf] lgldQ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk' u]sf] JolQm .
17
t/ df] 6/;fOsn tyf To:t} cGo ;fgf] b' O{kf\ u|] ;jf/Lsf] lgldQ ;f]x| jif{
pd]/ k' u]sf] JolQmn] rfns cg' dltkq k| fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_
5f/] /f] u ePsf] jf af} nfPsf] jf PsfPs l/6f nfUg] jf d"5 f{ x' g] lsl;dsf]
/f] u ePsf] JolQm .
-3_
cfF vfsf] b] Vg] zlQm sdhf]/ eO{ rZdf k|o f] u ubf{ klg ;fdfGo tj/n] b] Vg]
zlQm 7Ls gePsf] JolQm .
-_
;fwf/0f Wjlg ;\s] t, cfjfh ;' Gg g;Sg] u/L alx/f] ePsf] JolQm .
-r_
/ftf], xl/of] , kx]+ nf] OToflb /x t' Gt 5' 6\ofpg g;Sg] b[li6bf]i f ePsf]
JolQm .
-5_
/tGwf] ePsf] JolQm, jf
-h_
xft v' f zlQmxLg e} sfd lbg g;Sg] ePsf] JolQm .

t/ ckfsf] lgldQ vf; lsl;dn] ag] sf] ;jf/Lsf] lgldQ of] v08sf] aGb] h
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
$*=
rfns cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t

b/vf:t M -!_ bkmf $& adf]l hdsf] cof]Uotf gePsf]
JolQmn] s'g} ;jf/L rnfpg rfns cg' dltkq lng rfx]df tf]l sPsf] 9fF rfdf
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] b/vf:t ;fy b/vf:tjfnfn] rfns
cg'dltkqsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] b:t' /, gful/stfsf] k| df0fkqsf] k|d fl0ft k|l tlnlk,
xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] cfgf]] tLg k|l t kf;kf] 6{ ;fOhsf] kmf] 6f] , g] kfn ;/sf/f/f
dfGotf k| fKt lrlsT;sn] lghsf] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/L lbPsf] lg/f]l utfsf] k| df0fkq
/ lghn] rnfpg rfx] sf] ;jf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf k|l zIf0f s]G b| n] lbPsf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|ltlnlk ;d] t ;+ nUg ug{' k5{ .
$(=
b/vf:tjfnfsf] k/LIf0f M -!_ bkmf $* adf]l hd b/vf:t k/] kl5 b/vf:tjfnf

To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg ;dy{ 5 5}g / lghnfO{ To:tf] ;jf/L jf ;jf/L ;DaGwL P] g,
lgod tyf 6 flkms ;\s]t ;DaGwL ;fdfGo 1fg 5 5} g eGg] s'/ fsf] olsg ug{
k/LIff lng' k5{ . To;/L lnOg] k/LIffsf] ljifo / k/LIff k| 0ffnL ljefun] tf]lslbP
adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
18
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lnOPsf] k/LIffdf c;kmn x'g] b/vf:tjfnfn] ;f]
k/LIff ;DkGg ePsf] ldltn] tLg dxLgf k"/ f geP;Dd bkmf $* adf]l hd k'gM
b/vf:t lbg kfpg] 5}g .
%)=
rfns cg'dltkq lbg] M -!_ bkmf $( adf]l hd
=============== k/LIff lnO{ ;kmn
ePsf b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ ;f] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] cg' ;"rL
% adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf rfns cg'dltkq lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd cg'dltkq lb+b f ;f] cg'dltkqdf 7" nf] , df} nf,
;fgf] jf tL dWo] s'g} jf ;a} ;jf/L rnfpg lbOPsf] xf] eGg] s'/ f :ki6 kdf
hgfpg' k5{ .
-#_ o; P] gdf cGoq h'g ;' s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L
rnfpg] rfnsnfO{ lbOg] rfns cg' dltkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]l sP adf]l hd
x'g]5 .
%!=
k/LIf0fsfndf /xg
/xg] M -!_ bkmf %) adf]l hd lbOg] rfns cg'dltkq z' df Ps
jif{s f] nflu k/LIf0fsfndf /xg] u/L lbOg] 5 .
-@_ k/LIf0fsfnleq rfnsn] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag]sf] lgod
adf]l hd kfng ug{' kg{] zt{s f] pNn\3g kfF r k6s eGbf a9L gu/] df lghsf]
cg'/ f] wdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] lghsf] rfns cg'dltkq :yfoLdf kl/0ft u/L
lbg' k5{ .
%@=
ljb]z L /fi6af6 k|fKt rfns cg'dltkqsf] dfGotf M s;} n] ljb] z L /fi6a f6 rfns
cg'dltkq k| fKt u/]sf] /x] 5 eg] ;f] cg'dltkqdf n]l vPsf] ;jf/L rnfpg To:tf]
JolQmn] bkmf $* adf]l hd b/vf:t lbPdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf]
JolQmaf6 rfns cg' dltkqsf] nflu nfUg] b:t'/ lnO{ rfns cg' dltkq lbg
;Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] JolQmn] rfns cg' dltkq lng s' g} k/LIff lbg' kg{] 5} g .
%#=
cGt/f{li6o rfns cg'dltkq :jtM dfGo x'g] M cGt/f{li6o rfns cg'dltkq k| fKt
u/] s f] JolQmn] ;f] cg' dltkqdf n]l vPsf] ;jf/Lx g] kfne/ rnfpg kfpg] 5 .
klxnf] ;+zf] wgf/f llsPsf] .
19
%$=
rfns cg'dltkqsf] j}wtf M -!_ bkmf %) adf]l hd rfns cg'dltkq k| fKt ug{]
JolQmn] ;f] cg'dltkqdf n]l vPsf ;jf/Lx dfq rnfpg kfpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf cwLgdf /xL rfnsn] To:tf] ;jf/L g] kfne/ rnfpg
kfpg]5 .
-#_ rfns cg'dltkq lbOPsf] ldltn] kfF r jif{ ;Dd axfn /xg]5 .
%%=
rfns cg'dltkqdf c ;jf/L ;dfj]z ug{] M -!_ s' g} rfnsn] cfkm"n] kfPsf]
rfns cg'dltkqdf n]l vPsf ;jf/Lsf cltl/Qm cGo s'g} ;jf/L ;dfj]z u/fpg
rfx] d f ;dfj] z u/fpg rfx]sf] ;jf/Lsf] lsl;d v'nfO{ tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ ;+ nUg /fvL clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd b/vf:t k/] d f k/LIff ;ldltn] rfns
cg'dltkqdf ;dfj] z u/fpg rfx] sf] ;jf/L rfnsn] rnfpg ;S5 ;Qm}g eGg]
s'/fsf] olsg ug{ bkmf $( adf]lhd lghsf] k/LIff lng' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd k/LIff ln+ bf ;kmn ePsf] rfnssf] cg'dltkqdf
lghn] ;dfj]z u/fpg rfx] sf] ;jf/L ;dfj]z u/L clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] gofF
rfns cg' dltkq lbg' k5{ .
-$_
pkbkmf
-#_ adf]l hd rfns cg' dltkq lb+ bf bkmf %! adf]l hd
k/LIf0fsfndf /xg] u/L lbOg]5 .

%^=
rfns cg'dltkqsf] gjLs/0f M -!_ bkmf %$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd rfns
cg'dltkqdf n]l vPsf] Dofb gf3]sf] tLg dxLgfleq To:tf] rfns cg' dltkq
gjLs/0f u/fO{ ;Sg' k5{ .
-@_ rfnsn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq rfns cg' dltkq gjLs/0f
u/fpgsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] b:t' / ;+ nUg /fvL clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf k] z ug'{
k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd gjLs/0fsf] nflu rfns cg'dltkq k]z x'g
cfPdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] rfns cg'dltkq csf{] kfF r jif{ ;Ddsf]
nflu gjLs/0f ug{' k5{ .


20
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd Dofb gf3L rfns cg'dltkq gjLs/0f u/fpg
cfpg] rfnsaf6 gjLs/0f b:t' /sf] cltl/Qm ;f] Dofb gf3]s f] Ps jif{ ;Dd Ps;o
k|ltzt, b'O{ jif{ ;Dd b' O{;o k|l tzt, tLg jif{ ;Dd tLg;o k|l tzt, rf/ jif{ ;Dd
rf/;o k|ltzt / kfF r jif{ ;Dd kfF r;o k|l tzt yk b:t'/ ;d] t lnO{ To:tf] rfns
cg'dltkq gjLs/0f ug{' k5{ .
%&=
rfns cg'dltkq :jtM /2 x'g] M -!_ bkmf %^ sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t
cjlw;Dd klg gjLs/0f gul/Psf] rfns cg' dltkq :jtM /2 x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd /2 ePsf] rfns cg' dltkqsf] nut btf{
lstfaaf6 sf ul/g] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd btf{ lstfaaf6 nut sf eO{ ;s] sf] rfns
cg'dltkq gjLs/0f ul/g] 5} g .
%*=
gjLs/0f u/fpFbf lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq k]z ug{' kg{] M ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L rnfpg]
rfnsn] rfns cg' dltkq gjLs/0f u/fpF b f :jLs[ t lrlsT;sn] lbPsf] lg/f]l utfsf]
k| df0fkq ;d] t clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf k] z ug{' k5{ .
%(=
rfnssf] 7]ufgf ablnPdf ;"rgf ug{' kg{] M -!_ rfnssf] :yfoL 7] ufgf ablnPdf
Ps dxLgfleq ;f] s'/fsf] ;" rgf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' k5{ .
rfnssf] gofF 7] ufgf ;d] t btf{ lstfadf hgfpg nufpg' k5{ .
^)=
rfns cg'dltkq lgnDag ug{ ;lsg] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag]s f] lgod
adf]l hd rfnsn] kfng ug{' kg{] zt{x kfF r k6seGbf a9L pNn\ 3g u/] sf]
k| dfl0ft ePdf clwsf/k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] rfnssf] rfns cg' dltkq 5
dxLgf;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^!=
rfns cg'dltkq vf/]h ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} rfnsdf bkmf $& df n]l vPsf] s'g}
cof]Uotf ePsf] k| d fl0ft ePdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] rfnssf] rfns
cg'dltkq vf/] h u/L ;f] cg'dltkq lkmtf{ a' fpg rfnsnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] cfb] z k| fKt ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq
rfnsn] cfgf]] cg' dltkq clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L;dIf lkmtf{ a' fpg' k5{ .
21
^@=
rfns cg'dltkqsf] k|ltlnlk lbg] M -!_ rfns cg' dltkq x/fPdf, RofltPdf, ' qf]
eO{ ga'lg] ePdf jf s'g} sf/0faf6 gfl;Pdf ;ft lbgleq rfnsn] ;DalGwt
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf rfns cg'dltkqsf] k|l tlnlksf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
9fF rfdf tf]l sPsf] b:t'/ ;d] t /fvL b/vf:t lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/] sf] b/vf:t pk/ cfjZos 5fgaLg u/L Aoxf]/f
7Ls b] v]df clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] rfnsnfO{ rfns cg' dltkqsf] k|l tlnlk
lbg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd rfns cg'dltkqsf] k|l tlnlk hf/L u/]sf] ;" rgf
kl/R5]b %
kl/rfns cg'dltkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^#=
cg'dltkq glnO{ kl/rfnssf] sfd ug{ gx'g] M s'g} klg JolQmn] kl/rfns
cg'dltkq k|fKt gu/L s' g} klg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf kl/rfnssf] sfd ug{' x'Fb}g .
^$=
kl/rfnssf] sfddf nufpg gx'g] M kl/rfns cg' dltkq k| fKt gu/] s f] s'g} klg
JolQmnfO{ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf Joj:yfksn] kl/rfnssf] sfddf nufpg
x'Fb}g .
^%=
kl/rfnssf] nflu cof]

cof]Uotf M b]xfosf] JolQm kl/rfns cg' dltkq k| fKt ug{ cof]Uo
x'g]5 M
^^=
-s_
c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk' u]sf] ,
-v_
;fwf/0f n] vk9 ug{ ghfGg] ,
-u_
lg/f]l utfsf] k| df0fkq k] z ug{ g;Sg] .
kl/rfns cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] M -!_ bkmf ^% adf]l hdsf] cof]U otf
gePsf] JolQmn] s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf kl/rfnssf] sfd ug{s f] nflu kl/rfns
cg'dltkq lng rfx]df tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t
lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] b/vf:t ;fy b/vf:tjfnfn] kl/rfns
cg'dltkqsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] b:t'/, xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] cfgf]] tLgk|l t kf;kf] 6{
22
;fOhsf] kmf] 6f] , gful/stfsf] k| d f0fkqsf] k|d fl0ft k|ltlnlk / g] kfn ;/sf/f/f
dfGotf k|fKt lrlsT;sf/f lbOPsf] lg/f]l utfsf] k| df0fkq ;d] t ;+ nUg ug{' k5{ .
^&=
kl/rfns cg'dltkq lbg] M -!_ bkmf ^^ adf]l hd kl/rfns cg' dltkqsf] nflu
b/vf:t k/] d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] cfjZos hfF ra' u/L b/vf:t;fy ;+ nUg
Aoxf]/ f ;fF rf] b]l vPdf b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ cg' ;"rL ^ adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf kl/rfns
cg'dltkq lbg' k5{ . o;/L kl/rfns cg' dltkq k| fKt JolQmn] cfkm" sfo{/t
oftfoft ;] jfdf ;+ nUg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ ;' Jojl:yt 9af6 kl/rfng ug{]
lhDd] jf/L jxg ug{' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] kl/rfns cg' dltkq ;f] lbOPsf] ldltn]
kfF rjif{ ;Dd axfn /xg]5 .
^*=
kl/rfns cg'dltkqsf] gjLs/0f M -!_ bkmf ^& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd kl/rfns
cg'dltkqdf lnlvt Dofb gf3] sf] tLg dxLgfleq To:tf] kl/rfns cg' dltkq
-@_ kl/rfnsn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq kl/rfns cg' dltkq
gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu tf]l sPsf] b:t'/ ;+ nUg /fvL kl/rfns cg' dltkq
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug{' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd gjLs/0fsf] nflu kl/rfns cg' dltkq k] z x'g
cfPdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] kl/rfns cg' dltkq csf{] kfFr jif{ ;Ddsf]
nflu gjLs/0f ug{' k5{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofb gf3L kl/rfns cg' dltkq gjLs/0f
u/fpg cfpg] kl/rfnsaf6 gjLs/0f b:t' /sf] cltl/Qm ;f] Dofb gf3]s f] Ps
jif{ ;Dd Ps;o k|l tzt, b'O{ jif{ ;Dd b'O{;o k|l tzt, tLg jif{ ;Dd tLg;o k|l tzt,
rf/ jif{ ;Dd rf/;o k|l tzt / kfF r jif{ ;Dd kfF r;o k|l tzt yk b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf]
kl/rfns cg'dltkq gjLs/0f ug{' k5{ .
^(=
kl/rfns cg'dltkq :jtM /2 x'g] M -!_ bkmf ^* sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd lgwf{l/t
cjlw;Dd klg gjLs/0f gul/Psf] kl/rfns cg' dltkq :jtM /2 x'g] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd /2 ePsf] kl/rfns cg' dltkqsf] nut btf{
lstfaaf6 sf ul/g] 5 .
23
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd btf{ lstfaaf6 nut sf eO{;s]sf] kl/rfns

cg'dltkq gjLs/0f ul/g] 5} g .
&)=
kl/rfnssf]
kl/rfnssf] 7]ufgf ablnPdf ;"rgf ug{' kg{] M -!_ kl/rfnssf] :yfoL 7] ufgf
ablnPdf Ps dxLgfleq ;f] s' /fsf] ;" rgf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' k5{ .
kl/rfnssf] gofF 7] ufgf ;d] t btf{ lstfadf hgfpg nufpg' k5{ .
&!=
kl/rfns cg'dltkq lgnDag ug{ ;lsg] M of] P] g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag] sf] lgod
adf]l hd kl/rfnsn] kfng ug{' kg{] zt{x kfFr k6s eGbf a9L pNn\3g u/] sf]
k| dfl0ft ePdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] kl/rfnssf] kl/rfns cg' dltkq
5 dxLgf;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
&@=
kl/rfns cg'dltkq vf/]h ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf ^% df n]l vPsf] s' g} cof]Uotf
kl/rfnsdf ePsf] k| d fl0ft ePdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] kl/rfnssf]
kl/rfns cg' dltkq vf/] h u/L ;f] cg'dltkq lkmtf{ a' fpg kl/rfnsnfO{ cfb]z
lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] cfb] z k| fKt ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq
kl/rfnsn] cfgf]] kl/rfns cg' dltkq clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf lkmtf{
a'fpg' k5{ .
&#=
kl/rfns cg'dltkqsf] k|ltlnlk lbg] M -!_ kl/rfns cg'dltkq x/fPdf jf cGo

s'g} sf/0faf6 gfl;Pdf ;ft lbgleq kl/rfnsn] ;DalGwt clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L
;dIf kl/rfns cg'dltkqsf] k|ltlnlksf] nflu tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/
;d] t /fvL b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] b/vf:t pk/ cfjZos 5fglag u/L Aoxf]/ f
7Ls b] v]df clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] kl/rfnsnfO{ kl/rfns cg'dltkqsf]
k|ltlnlk lbg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd kl/rfns cg' dltkqsf] k|l tlnlk hf/L u/]sf]
;" rgf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{ nonfO{ lbg]5 .
24
kl/R5]b ^
oftfoft Joj:yfkg
&$=
af6f] lgwf{/0f ug{] M ljefun] pko' Qm b] v]sf] 7fpF d f cfjZostfg' ;f/ ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/LnfO{ oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{ af6f] lgwf{/ 0f u/L ;f] sf] ;" rgf
;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs kdf k|s flzt ug{' k5{ .
&%=
af6f] Ohfhtkq glnO{ oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ gx'g] M bkmf &$ adf]l hd
lgwf{l /t af6f] df af6f] Ohfhtkq k| fKt gu/L s'g} klg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] oftfoft
;] jf ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
&^=
af6f] O{hfhtkqsf] nflu b/vf:t M oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug{s f] lgldQ s'g}
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ s' g} af6f] k| of]u ug{' k/]d f Joj:yfks jf ;jf/L wgLn]
tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ ;lxt b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
&&=
af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg' kg{] M -!_ bkmf &^ adf]l hd af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu b/vf:t
k/] d f clwsf/k| fKt clwsf/Ln] bkmf &* sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/LnfO{ To:tf] af6f]df k| of] u ug{ cg' ;" rL & adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf af6f]
Ohfhtkq lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] af6f] Ohfhtkq ;f] lbOPsf] ldltn] rf/
dxLgf;Dd axfn /xg]5 .
&*=
af6f] Ohfhtkq lb+bf hfFrg' kg{] s'/fx M bkmf && adf]lhd s'g} ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/LnfO{ af6f] Ohfhtkq lb+b f To:tf]
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf Joj:yfksn]
b]xfosf s'/ fx k" /f u/] gu/] s f] clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] hfF r u/L k"/ f u/] sf] eP
dfq To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg' k5{ M
-s_
;jf/L rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ tyf ;jf/Ldf sfd ug{] cGo sd{ rf/L
tyf t] ;| f] kIfsf] aLdf,
-v_
;jf/Lsf] hfF rkf; /
-u_
btf{ sf] k| df0fkq gjLs/0f .
25
&(=
af6f] kl/jt{g ug{' k/]df M -!_ af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] cjlw ;dfKt gx'F b} ;f] af6f]
Ohfhtkqdf tf]lsPsf] ;fj{hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ cGo s'g} af6f]d f k|o f] u ug{' k/] df
;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] k' gM bkmf &^ adf]l hd af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu
b/vf:t lbO{ af6f] Ohfhtkq lng' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] b/vf:t k/]d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf]
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] nflu klxn] lbPsf] af6f] Ohfhtkq vf/] h u/L gofF af6f]
Ohfhtkq lbg' k5{ .
*)=
ax' af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg ;lsg]

;lsg M -!_ o; P]g df cGoq h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP
tfklg s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] oftfoft ;] jf k'ofO{ /x]s f] af6f] d f s' g} c;/ gkg{]
u/L ;f] af6f] ;+u ;DalGwt x'g cfpg] cGo af6f] df ;d]t pQm ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L
k|of] u ug{ kfpg] u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ps eGbf a9L af6f] d f oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{
kfpg] u/L ax' af6f] Ohfhtkq lb+b f To:tf] k| To] s af6f]s f] nflu nfUg] af6f] b:t'/
;d] t ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf Joj:yfksn] a'fpg' k5{ .
*!=
k6s] af6f] Ohfhtkq M -!_ ljz]if sfd k/L s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ af6f]
Ohfhtkqdf n]lvPsf] af6f] afx] s cGo s' g} af6f] d f rnfpg' k/] df To:tf]
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf Joj:yfksn] k6s] af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t' / ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t
lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t k/]d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] cfjZos
hfF ra' u/L Aoxf]/f 7Ls b] v]df a9Ldf ;ft lbg;Ddsf] nflu k6s] af6f]
Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
*@=
af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg]

;lsg] M -!_ o;
P]g df
cGoq
h' g ;' s}
s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} af6f]d f oftfoft ;]j f ;~rfng ug{ af6f] Ohfhtkq k|b fg
ubf{ To:tf] af6f] df ofqLsf] rfk / oftfoft ;] jfdf ;+ nUg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf]
;\ VofnfO{ x]bf{ km]l/ csf{] ;jf/Lsf] lgldQ ;f] xL af6f] df af6f] Ohfhtkq k|b fg ug{
cfjZos gb]lvPdf jf k| b"if0fsf] sf/0f jf cGo s' g} sf/0faf6 s'g} ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/Lsf] lgldQ af6f] Ohfhtkq k|b fg ubf{ ;fj{ hlgs lxtsf] k|l ts" n x'g hfG5
26
eGg] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LnfO{ nfu]d f lghn] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt;+u k/fdz{ u/L
af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ dWod af6f] / nfdf] af6f]df oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/L tyf To;df ofqf ug{] ofqL Pj+ sfd ug{] sd{ rf/L ;d] tsf] ;'/IffnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL To:tf] af6f] d f oftfoft ;] j f k|bfg ug{] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] :t/ tf]lsP
adf]l hd x' g]5 . clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]l sPsf] :t/ gePsf ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/LnfO{ To:tf] af6f]d f oftfoft ;]j f ;~rfng ug]{ af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*#=
af6f] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f M -!_ bkmf && sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd af6f]
Ohfhtkqdf n]lvPsf] Dofb gf3] sf]
kGw| lbgleq To:tf] af6f] Ohfhtkq

-@_ ;jf/L wgL, Joj:yfks jf lghxn] v6fPsf] JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_
adf]l hd af6f] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu tf]l sPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]l sPsf]
b:t'/ ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd gjLs/0fsf] nflu b/vf:t k/] df clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] To:tf] af6f] Ohfhtkq csf]{ rf/ dxLgfsf] nflu gjLs/0f ug'{ k5{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofb gf3L af6f] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f u/fpg
cfpg] ;jf/L wgLaf6 ;f] Dofb gf3]s f] Ps dxLgf;Dd gjLs/0f b:t' /sf] cltl/Qm
zt k|l tzt yk b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] af6f] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ug{' k5{ .
*$=
af6f] Ohfhtkq :jtM /2 x'g] M -!_ bkmf *# sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t
cjlw;Dd klg gjLs/0f gul/Pdf To:tf] af6f] Ohfhtkq :jtM /2 x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd /2 ePsf] af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] nut sf ul/g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd nut sf eO{ ;s] sf] af6f] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f
ul/g]5}g .
*%=
k'gM af6f] Ohfhtkq

Ohfhtkq lbg ;lsg] M bkmf *$ adf]l hd /2 eO{ nut sf ePsf] af6f]
Ohfhtkqdf n]l vPsf] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] nflu k' gM af6f] Ohfhtkq lng cfPdf


27
To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf Joj:yfksaf6 bkmf *# adf]lhd lng' kg{] gjLs/0f tyf
yk b:t'/ ;d] t lnO{ lghnfO{ b'O{ xhf/ k}ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf u/L To:tf] ;jf/L
rnfpg bkmf && adf]l hd csf{] af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg' k5{ .
*^=
af6f] Ohfhtkq :ylut ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]g adf] lhd af6f] Ohfhtkq lnPsf]
s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 lau| L rf/ dxLgf jf ;f]
eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd rnfpg g;lsg] ePdf ;jf/L wgLn] ;f] Aoxf] / f v' nfO{ af6f]
Ohfhtkq ;+ nUg /fvL clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf To:tf] af6f] Ohfhtkq
:ylut ug{s f nflu b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] b/vf:t k/] d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln]
cfjZos hfF ra' u/L pko' Qm b] v]d f To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L rnfpg g;lsg]
cjlw;Ddsf nflu To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] af6f] Ohfhtkq :ylut ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@s_ af6f] Ohfhtkqdf tf]s] sf] af6f] df ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg ;~rfng
gu/L hghLjgdf k|l ts" n c;/ kg]{ u/L oftfoft ;] jf cj4 u/] df g] kfn
;/sf/n] To:tf ;jf/Lxsf] af6f] Ohfhtkq a9Ldf Ps dxLgf ;Ddsf] nflu
:ylut ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd af6f] Ohfhtkq :ylut cjlwsf] gjLs/0f b:t'/
ldgfxf x'g]5 .
*&=
af6f] Ohfhtkq /2 ug{ ;lsg] M o; P] g adf]l hd af6f] Ohfhtkq lnPsf] s'g}

;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L rnfpg g;lsg] u/L lalu| P jf gfl;Pdf To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] ;f] sf] k| d f0f ;+ nUg /fvL af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] dfGotf /2 u/fpg
**=
af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnlk lbg] M -!_ af6f] Ohfhtkq x/fPdf, RofltPdf, ' qf]
eO{ ga'lg] ePdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 gfl;Pdf ;f] eP u/] sf] ldltn] ;ft
lbgleq ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnlksf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL ;DalGwt clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf
b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
28
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd k/] sf] b/vf:t pk/ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln]
cfjZos hfF ra' u/L Aoxf]/ f 7Ls b] v]df b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ af6f] Ohfhtkqsf]
k|ltlnlk lbg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] k|l tlnlk hf/L u/]sf] ;" rgf
*(=
hfFrkf; u/fpg' kg{] M -!_ s'g} klg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] af6f] Ohfhtkq lng o;
P]g adf]l hd To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] hfF rkf; u/fPsf] x' g' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd hfF rkf; gu/fO{ s'g} klg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf]
nflu af6f] Ohfhtkq lbOg] 5} g .
()=
hfFrkf;sf] nflu b/vf:t M hfFrkf; u/fpg rfxg] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] hfF rkf;sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]l sPsf] b:t'/ ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL
(!=
hfFrkf;sf] k|df0fkq lbg'kg{] M -!_ bkmf () adf]l hd b/vf:t k/]df clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L hfFRg nufO{ To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] oflGqs l:ylt /
:jk 7Ls b]lvPdf tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf hfF rkf;sf] k|d f0fkq lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] hfF rkf;sf] k| d f0fkqsf] dfGotf 5
dxLgf;Ddsf] nflu x'g] 5 .
(@=
k'gM hfFr kf; u/fpg' kg{] M-!_ bkmf (! sf] pkbkmf -@_ df n]l vPsf] Dofb gf3] sf]
ldltn] ;ft lbgleq clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf k' gM hfF rkf;sf] nflu b/vf:t
lbO{ hfF rkf; u/fpg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]l vPsf] Dofb;Dd k'gM hfF rkf; gu/fPdf ;f] Dofb
gf3]s f] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq To:tf] ;jf/L hfF rkf; u/fpg NofPdf hfF rkf;sf]
nflu nfUg] b:t'/sf] cltl/Qm zt k|l tzt yk b:t'/ ;d] t lnO{ To:tf] ;jf/L
hfF rkf; u/L lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq klg hfF rkf; gu/fPdf To:tf]
hfF rkf;sf] k|d f0fkq :jtM /2 x'g]5 . o;/L hfF rkf;sf] k| d f0fkq /2 ePsf]
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L k'gM hfF rkf; u/fpg NofPdf ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksaf6
29
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] b:t'/sf] cltl/Qm kfF rxhf/ k} o fF ;Dd hl/jfgf lnO{ To:tf]
;jf/L k'gM hfF rkf; u/L hfF rkf;sf] k|df0fkq lbg' k5{ .
(#=
oftfoft ;]jfsf] gfd k~hLs[t ug{' kg{] M -!_ oftfoft
;] j fsf]
gfd
ljefudf
k~hLs[ t gu/L ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] s'g} klg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L oftfoft
;] jf ;~rfng ug{] sfo{ df k|of] u ug{' x'F b}g .
-@_ oftfoft ;] jfsf] gfd ljefudf k~hLs[ t ug{ rfxg] ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] To:tf] ;] jf k~hLs/0fsf] nflu tf]l sPsf] 9fF rfdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/
;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL ljefu ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd k/]s f] b/vf:t pk/ ljefun] cfjZos hfF ra'
u/L To:tf] oftfoft ;] j fsf] gfd k~hLs[ t ug{ pko' Qm b] v]df ;f] gfdaf6 oftfoft
;] jf ;~rfng ug{ b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ cg' ;"rL * adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf cg' dltkq
lbg]5 . To;/L oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{ cg' dltkq k| fKt ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] To:tf] oftfoft ;]j f k| b fg ug{] sfo{ aGb ug{ rfx]d f ljefusf] k" j{
:jLs[l t lng' k5{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd lbOPsf] cg' dltkq ;f] lbOPsf] ldltn] kfF r
jif{ ;Dd axfn /xg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]l hd k~hLs[ t oftfoft ;] j fdf sfd ug{] sd{ rf/Lxsf]
lgo'lQm, ;] j fsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]l sP adf]l hd x' g]5 .
($=
oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug{] cg'dltkqsf] gjLs/0f M -!_ bkmf (# sf] pkbkmf -$_
adf]l hdsf] Dofb gf3] sf] tLg dxLgfleq oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{ lbOPsf]
cg'dltkq gjLs/0f u/L ;Sg' k5{ .
-@_ ;jf/L wgL, Joj:yfks jf lghxn] v6fPsf] JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_
adf]l hd cg'dltkq gjLs/0f u/fpgsf] nflu tf]lsP adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf b:t'/
;lxt ljefu ;dIf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd gjLs/0fsf] nflu b/vf:t k/]d f ljefun] To:tf]
cg'dltkq csf{] kfF rjif{sf] nflu gjLs/0f ug{' k5{ .
30
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofb gf3L To:tf] cg'dltkq gjLs/0f u/fpg
cfpg] ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksaf6 ;f] Dofb gf3]sf] Ps dxLgf;Dd gjLs/0f
b:t'/ sf] cltl/Qm zt k|l tzt yk b:t' / lnO{ gjLs/0f ul/g] 5 .
(%=
oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug{] cg'dltkq :jtM /2 x'g] M -!_ bkmf ($ sf] pkbkmf
-$_ adf]l hd lgwf{l /t cjlw leq oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] cg' dltkq gjLs/0f
gu/fPdf To:tf] cg' dltkq :jtM /2 x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd /2 ePsf] cg' dltkqsf] nut sf x' g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd nut sf eO{ ;s]sf] cg' dltkq k' gM gjLs/0f
ul/g] 5}g .
(^=
ef8f lgwf{/0f ug{] M -!_ s'g} af6f] df oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] ofqLafxs tyf
dfnafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] lng] ef8f b/ tf]l sP adf]l hd x'g]5 .
-@_ ofqLn] cfkm" ;+u lgMz' Ns n} hfg kfpg] ofqLu' 06fsf] clwstd jhg /
;f] afx]s ef8f lt/L cfkm" ;+u n}hfg kfpg] ofqLu' 0 6fsf] clwstd jhg tyf ef8f
tf]lsP adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]l hd tf]l sPsf] ef8f b/ eGbf a9L x'g] u/L ef8f lng'
x'Fb}g .
(&=
kl/rokq g'08\
\ofPsf] JolQmn] ofqL l6s6 a]Rg gx'g] M ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] ofqL
8ofPsf]
l6s6 a] Rg] sfo{ df ;+ nUg JolQmn] To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L ;~rfng ug{] k~hLs[ t
oftfoft ;] j fsf] sd{ rf/L kl/rokq g' 0 8\o fO{ To:tf] oftfoft ;]jfsf] gfdaf6
ofqL l6s6 a]Rg x'F b}g .
(*=
ofqL l6s6sf] 9fFrf M -!_ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] ofqL l6s6sf] 9fF rf tf]lsP adf]l hd
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ofqL l6s6 a]Rg] JolQmn] l6s6df ;DalGwt
oftfoft ;] j fsf] 5fk nufPsf] x'g' k5{ .
((=
dfn 9'jfgL ubf{ dfn 9'jfgLsf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] aLn lbg' kg{] M dfnafxs
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] dfn 9' j fgL ubf{ dfn;fdfgsf] wgLnfO{
To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f ;lxt pNn] v ul/Psf] dfn 9'j fgLsf] aLn lbg' k5{ .
To;/L lbOg] aLnsf] 9fF rf tf]l sP adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
31
!))= ofqL
ofqL;"rL tof/ ug{' kg{] M ljefun] tf] s] adf]l hdsf] dWod af6f] jf nfdf] af6f] df
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{] Joj:yfks jf ;jf/L wgLn] cfgf]] ;jf/Ldf ofqf ug{]
;a} ofqL, rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ tyf ;f] ;jf/Ldf sfd ug{] cGo sd{ rf/L
;d] tsf] gfd, pd]/ / 7] ufgf :ki6 v' nfO{ ofqL;" rL tof/ ug{' k5{ . To;/L tof/
ul/Psf] ofqL ;" rLsf] Ps k|lt cfkm" ;+u /fvL csf{] k|l t clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L jf
lghn] tf] s]s f] JolQm ;dIf ;f] ;jf/L uGtJo :yfgtkm{ k|:yfg ug{' cufj} k]z ug{'
k5{ .
!)!= ofqL / dfn;fdfg ;'/lIft kdf k'ofpg' kg{] M -!_ ;fj{ hlgs oftfoft ;] j fsf
wgL jf Joj:yfksn] dfn;fdfg jf ofqLsf] lhDdf lnPkl5 ofqfsf] z'b]lv uGtJo
:yfg;Dd lgwf{l/t ;doleq ;'/Iff;fy k'ofpg' lghsf] st{ Jo x' g]5 .
t/ ofqLnfO{ c;'l jwf x'g] u/L uGtJo :yfgdf k' Ug] ;do lgwf{/ 0f ug{
x'Fb}g .
-@_ s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L lju|]df jf b} jL k/L ;jf/L cl3 a9fpg g;lsg]
ePdf klg ofqLsf] ;'l jwfnfO{ Wofg k' ofpg' / ;jf/Ldf /x]s f] dfn;fdfgsf] ;'/ Iff
ug{' To:tf] ;jf/Lsf] rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/ IffsdL{ jf cGo sd{ rf/Lsf] clgjfo{
bfloTj x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df n]l vPsf] cj:yf k/L ;jf/L cl3 a9fpg g;lsg] ePdf
klg ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] ofqLxnfO{ uGtJo :yfg;Dd k'ofpg] Joj:yf
ug{' kg{] 5 .
!)@= ;L6 eGbf a9L ofqL /fVg gx'g] M ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf ;f] ;jf/Lsf]
btf{ sf] k| df0fkqdf n]lvPsf] ;L6 ;\ Vof eGbf a9L ofqL /fvL rnfpg x'F b}g .
!)#= ofqf lj>fd ug{' kg{] M rf/ 306f eGbf a9Lsf] b" /Ldf rNg] ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/Ln] k| To] s rf/ 306fdf Psk6s cfwf306f lj>fd ug'{ k5{ .
!)$= rfnssf] kfnf]
kfnf] km]g{' kg{] M nfdf] af6f]df oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] ofqLafxs
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf slDtdf b'O{ j 6f rfns clgjfo{ kdf /fvL k| To] s
306fkl5 kfn} kfnf] ;+u ;jf/L rnfpg nufpg] st{Jo oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{]
Joj:yfks jf ;jf/L wgLsf] x' g]5 .
32
!)%= l6s6 glnO{ ofqf

ofqf ug{df k|ltaGw M s'g} klg ofqLn] cfkm" n] ofqf ug{] uGtJo
:yfg;Ddsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ef8f lt/L lnPsf] l6s6 ;fydf glnO{ ofqf ug{' x'Fb}g .
!)^= af6f]sf] gS;f / ;do tflnsfsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] M -!_ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln]
k| To] s a; la;f} gLdf ;f] a; la;f}gLaf6 k| :yfg ug{] uGtJo :yfgsf] af6f] s f] gS;f
/ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L k| : yfg ug{] ;do tyf uGtJo :yfgdf k' Ug] ;do tflnsf
hfgsf/Lsf] nflu 6fF :g jf h8fg ug{ nufpg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 6fFl;Psf] jf h8fg ul/Psf] af6f], gS;f jf ;do
tflnsfdf s'g} km]/abn ePdf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L jf lghn] v6fPsf] JolQmn]
;f] sf] ;" rgf t' Gt ofqLxnfO{ lbg] Joj:yf ug{' k5{ .
!)&= ;L6 ;'/lIft /fVg' kg{] M -!_ :yfgLo af6f] df rNg] ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs 7" nf]
;jf/Ldf rf/j6f ;L6 czQm JolQmsf nflu / b'O{ j6f ;L6 dlxnfxsf nflu
;' /lIft /fVg' kg{] st{ Jo ;f] oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] Joj:yfks jf ;jf/L
wgLsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ nfdf] af6f]d f rNg] ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf b'O{ j 6f ;L6 ;+ ;b
;b:osf nflu / b'O{j 6f ;L6 dlxnfxsf nflu ;'/lIft /fVg' kg{] st{ Jo ;f]
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{] Joj:yfks jf ;jf/L wgLsf] x' g]5 .
t/ To:tf] ;L6 To:tf] ;jf/L uGtJo :yfgtkm{ k|: yfg ug{] rf/306f
cl3;Dd dfq ;'/lIft /flvg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ;+ ;b ;b:on] vl/b u/] sf] l6s6 cGo s'g} ofqLsf]
gfddf x:tfGt/0f x' g ;Sg] 5}g .
!)*= ;'/IffsdL{ /fVg ;lsg] M dWod af6f] / nfdf] af6f] df ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs oftfoft
;] jf ;~rfng ug{] Joj:yfks jf ;jf/L wgLn] ;f] ;jf/L tyf ofqLxsf] ;'/Iffsf]
lgldQ ;f] ;jf/Ldf ;'/IffsdL{ pknJw u/fO{ lbg g]kfn ;/sf/;+ u cg'/ f] w u/]d f jf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] ;jf/Ldf ;/sf/L ;'/ IffsdL{ t} gfy ug{' kg{] cfjZostf
b] v]d f nfUg] b:t'/ lnO{ cfjZos ;\ Vofdf ;'/IffsdL{ pknJw u/fpg ;Sg] 5 .
!)(= cg'lrt Jojxf/ ug{ gx'g] M s;} n] klg ofqL, rfns, kl/rfns tyf ;'/ IffsdL{ ;+u
cg'l rt Jojxf/ ug{' x'Fb} g .
!!)= ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Ldf w"d|kfg ug{ gx'g] M ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf w"d|kfg ug{ x'F b}g .
33
!!!= rfns;+
rfns;+u s'/f ug{ gx'g] M ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L rln/x] sf] ;dodf s;} n] klg ;f]
;jf/Lsf] rfns;+ u s'/ f ug{ jf lghnfO{ ;jf/L rnfpg] sfo{d f afwf k' Ug] s'g} sfo{
ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g .
!!@= km]nf k/]sf] dfn;fdfg a'fpg' kg{] M ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf km] nf k/] sf] s' g} klg
dfn;fdfg ;f] km] nf k/]sf] rf} j L; 306fleq tTsfn sfo{/ t ;f] ;jf/Lsf] sd{ rf/Ln]
;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksnfO{ a' fpg' k5{ . To;/L km] nf k/] sf] dfn;fdfg ;jf/L
wgL jf Joj:yfksn] cfkm" nfO{ k| fKt x'g cfPsf] rf}aL; 306fleq clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/L jf glhssf] oftfoft Joj;foL ;+ 3sf] sfof{ nodf a' fpg' k5{ .
!!#= ofqL lng OGsf/ ug{ gx'g] M dWod jf nfdf] af6f]d f rNg] jf PS;k|] ; oftfoft
;] jf k|b fg ug{] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L afx] s cGo ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] ;jf/L vfnL/x] sf]
cj:yfdf ofqL lng OGsf/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!!$= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljz]if clwsf/ M o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;' s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP
tfklg s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ s'g} vf; cjlw;Ddsf] nflu s'g} 7fpF d f oftfoft
;] jf ;~rfng ug{' kg{] u/L ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksnfO{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] cfb]z
lbg ;Sg] 5 .
kl/R5]b &
cfjfudg lgoGq0f
!!%= ;jf/Lsf] ult lgwf{/0f M -!_ ljefun] s'g} ;fj{ hlgs :yfgsf ;DaGwdf ;jf/L
rnfpg] ult lgwf{/0f ug{ cfjZos b] v]d f ;f] :yfgdf ;jf/Lsf] ult lgwf{ /0f u/L
;f] eGbf a9L j] udf ;jf/L rnfpg lgif] w ug{ ;Sg] 5 . o;/L ult lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]
:yfgdf ;f] lgwf{l/t ulteGbf a9L j] un] ;jf/L rnfpg x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ult lgwf{/0f u/L a9L j] udf ;jf/L rnfpg
lgif]l wt ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf lgwf{l/t ult ;DaGwL ;" rgf jf ;\ s]t ljefun] 6fF :g
jf h8fg ug{ nufpg' k5{ .
-#_ bdsn, PDa' n]G ; tyf la/fdL n} hfg] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf rnfOPsf]
;jf/Lsf] xsdf pkbkmf -!_ nfu" x'g] 5}g .
t/ To:tf] ;jf/Ln] ;8sdf lx8\ g] a6' jf tyf cGo ;jf/LnfO{ ;r]t ug{sf]
lglDt ljz]i f lsl;dsf] WjgL tyf aQLsf] k|of] u ug{' k5{ .
34
!!^= ;jf/Lsf] jhg M ljefun] s'g} ;fj{ hlgs :yfgsf] ;DaGwdf ;jf/Lsf] jhgsf] xb
lgwf{ /0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 . o;/L ;jf/Lsf] jhgsf] xb lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] eP To;/L
lgwf{l /t jhg eGbf a9L x'g] u/L To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf s;} n] ;jf/L rnfpg
jf rnfpg nufpg x'F b}g .
!!&= ;jf/Ldf /flvg] dflg; / dfn;fdfgsf] xb tf]Sg] M -!_ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf /fVg
;lsg] dflg;sf] ;\ Vof / dfn;fdfgsf] jhg ljefun] lgwf{ /0f u/L ;f]sf] ;" rgf
;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k| s flzt ug{' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lgwf{l /t dflg;sf] ;+ \Vof / dfn;fdfgsf]
jhgeGbf a9L x'g] u/L s' g} klg ;jf/Ldf dflg; jf dfn;fdfg /fVg x'Fb} g .
!!*= ;jf/L rnfpg k|ltaGw nufpg] M o; P]gdf cGoq h' g;'s} s' / f n]l vPsf] eP
tfklg ljefun] ;fj{ hlgs ;'/Iff tyf ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] enfO{sf] lgldQ s' g} ;fj{ hlgs
:yfgdf s'g} ;jf/L rnfpgdf k|ltaGw nufpg ;Sg] 5 . o;/L k|l taGw nufOPsf] df
ljefun] ;f] s'/ fsf] ;" rgf To:tf] :yfgdf 6fF :g, 6fFUg jf h8fg ug{ nufpg' k5{ .
\st
] 6fF:g], 6fFUg] jf h8fg ug{] M -!_ ljefun] cfjZos b] v]sf] ;fj{ hlgs
!!(= 6flkms ;\
;s]
:yfgxdf cGt/f{li6o k| rng cg'ksf] /+ u, cfsf/ / gd"g f adf]l hdsf] cfjZos
6 flkms ;\s] tx 6fF :g, 6fF Ug jf h8fg ug{ nufpg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd 6fFl ;Psf] , 6fFl uPsf] jf h8fg ul/Psf] 6 flkms
;\s] tx ljefu jf ljefun] v6fPsf] JolQm afx] s c s;} n] ;f] :yfgaf6
x6fpg, abNg, x]/km]/ ug{, d] 6\g , RofTg jf s] /d] 6 ug{ x'F b}g .
!@)= 6flkms ;\
\st
] sf] kfng ug{' kg{] M -!_ rfnsn] ;jf/L rnfpFbf 6 flkms ;\s]tsf]
;s]
kfng u/L ;jf/L rnfpg' k5{ .
-@_ rfnsn] kfng ug{' kg{] 6 flkms ;\s]tx tf]l sP adf]l hd x'g]5g\ .
!@!= kfls{ :yfg tyf a; la;f}gL lgwf{/0f ug{] M clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ufpF, gu/
tyf lhNnfsf :yfgLo lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx;+ u k/fdz{ u/L d" n ;8ssf]
cfjfudgdf k|l ts" n c;/ gkg{] u/L kfls{ :yn tyf a; la;f}g Lx lgwf{/ 0f ug{'
k5{ .
!@@= ;jf/LnfO{ vt/f x'g] lsl;daf6 /fVg gx'g] M -!_ s' g} klg ;jf/L c s'g} ;jf/L
jf JolQmnfO{ vt/f, afwf jf c;'ljwf x' g] u/L s'g} ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf /fVg x'Fb}g .
35
-@_ s'g} ;jf/L rnfpFb f rnfpFb} sf] cj:yfdf lalu| Pdf To:tf] ;jf/L tTsfn
cGoq nfg ;lsg] l:ylt gePdf b'3{ 6gf gx'g] lsl;daf6 ;8ssf] afofF lsgf/f
nufO{ /fvL /fqLsf] ;dodf To:tf] ;jf/LnfO{ cGo ;jf/Ln] 6f9} a f6 b] Vg ;Sg] u/L
/ftf] aQL jf l/n]S 6/ nufO{ /fVg' k5{ .
!@#= ;jf/Lsf] cGo efudf dflg; /fVg gx'g] M s'g} ;jf/L rfns jf ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] nfdf] Pj+ dWod af6f] df rNg] ;jf/Ldf dflg; a:g ag]sf] ;L6 afx]s
;jf/Lsf] cGo efudf / :yfgLo af6f] d f rNg] ;jf/Ldf dflg; a:g ag]s f] ;L6 Pj+
leqL efu afx]s cGo efudf dflg; /fvL ;jf/L rnfpg jf rnfpg nufpg
x'Fb}g .
!@$= rfnsnfO{ afwf k'Ug] sfd ug{ gx'g] M s;} n] rfnssf] If]q -8fO{ e/ s] jLg_ leq
rfnsnfO{ k| ToIf jf ck| ToIf kdf afwf k'Ug] u/L dfn;fdfg /fvL jf cfkm" peLO{
jf cGo s'g} k| sf/af6 afwf k'U g] lsl;dsf] Jojxf/ ug{ x'F b}g .
!@%= cfjfudgdf afwf kfg{ gx'g] M s'g} klg ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf s' g} klg dflg; jf
;jf/Lsf] cfjfudgdf afwf k' Ug] u/L dfn;fdfg jf ;jf/L /fVg x'Fb}g .
t/ s'g} ljz]i f kl/l:ylt k/L s'g} ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf s]xL ;dosf] nflu s'g}
dfn;fdfg /fVg' kg{] ePdf ghLssf] k| x/L sfof{ nonfO{ ;f]s f] hfgsf/L lbO{ To:tf]
sfof{ nosf] :jLs[lt lng' k5{ .
!@^= ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf vfN6f] vGbf ;f\
\sl] ts lrGx /fVg' kg{] M -!_ s' g} klg ;fj{ hlgs
;fs]
:yfgdf s'g} sfd k/L vfN6f] vGbf glhssf] k|x /L sfof{ nosf] k"j{ :jLs[l t lng'
k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf vfN6f] vGg] :jLs[l t lb+ bf ;f]
:yfgdf b' 3{ 6gf gx' g] lsl;daf6 ;f\ s]l ts lrGx /fVg nufpg' k5{ .
sl] ts lrGx /fVg' kg{
!@&= ;jf/Ldf ;f+s]
kg] M s'g} klg lsl;dsf] vt/fk"0 f{ dfn;fdfg 9'j fgL
ug{] sfo{ df ;+ nUg dfnafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf To:tf] dfn;fdfg /x]s f] s'/ f cGo
;jf/L tyf ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;f+s]l ts lrGx b]l vg] u/L /fVg' k5{ .
!@*= ;jf/LnfO{ dfu{ kl/jt{g ug{ / ofqLnfO{ aGws agfpg gx'g] M -!_rfnsn] cfgf]]
;jf/L lglb{i 6 dfu{ d f rnfO{ /x] sf] ;dodf ;f] ;jf/LnfO{ cGo dfu{ a f6 n} hfg s'g}
36
klg JolQmn] 8/, qf; b] vfpg jf s'g} lsl;dsf] zlQmsf] k| of] u ug{ jf u/fpg
x'Fb}g .
-@_ s;} n] ;jf/Ldf /x] s f s' g} klg JolQmnfO{ aGws agfO{ To:tf] ;jf/L jf
aGws agfOPsf] JolQmsf] d'lStsf] nflu s'g} klg lsl;dsf] dfu /fVg' x'Fb} g .
!@(= b'3{6gfdf k/]sf ;jf/L / ofqLsf] xflg gf]S;fgL ug{ gx'g] M s'g} ;jf/L b' 3{ 6gfdf
k/L xtfxt jf 3fOt] ePsf ofqL tyf ;jf/Ldf sfd ug{] s' g} JolQmnfO{ lk6\g jf
ltgLxsf] dfn;fdfgsf] lxgfldgf ug{ , vf] :g jf ltgLxnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn]
xflg gf]S ;fgL k' ofpg' x'Fb}g .
!#)= ;jf/L rnfpFbf ;'/Iffk]6L tyf x]Nd]6 nufpg' kg{] M -!_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;jf/L
rnfpF bf rfns tyf ;jf/Lsf] cl3Nnf] ;L6df a:g] JolQmn] ;'/Iffk] 6L afFWg' k5{ .
-@_ df] 6/ ;fOsn tyf cGo To:t} b'O{ kf\ u|] ;jf/L rnfpFb f rfnsn] tyf
;f] ;jf/Ldf a:g] dflg;n] ;'/Iff 6f] k -x]N d] 6_ nufpg' k5{ .
!#!= vf]h]sf] a]nf b]vfpg' kg{] M -!_ s'g} klg rfnsn] rfns cg'dltkq k|x /L jf
oftfoft lg/LIfsn] hfF ra' sf] l;nl;nfdf x]g{ vf] h]d f b] vfpg' k5{ .
-@_ k|x/L jf oftfoft lg/LIfsn] hfF ra'sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;jf/Lsf]
btf{ sf] k|d f0fkq jf ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] af6f] Ohfhtkq x]g{ vf] h]df To:tf]
;jf/Lsf] rfns, ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] btf{sf] k| df0fkq jf af6f] Ohfhtkq
b] vfpg' k5{ .
!#@= ;jf/L /f]Sg' kg{] M rfnsn] cfkm" n] rnfO/x]sf] ;jf/L b] xfosf] cj:yfdf /f] sL
cfjZostfg' ;f/ plrt ;do;Dd c8\o fO{ /fVg' k5{ M
-s_
k|x/L jf oftfoft lg/LIfsn] ;jf/L /f]Sg ;\s] t u/] d f jf cfb]z lbPdf .
-v_
s'g} hgfj/ :sL jf t;L{ a] sfa' x'g] ;+ efjgf eO{ ;f] hgfj/ tTsfn
lhDdfdf /x] sf] JolQmn] ;jf/L /f]Sg ;\ s]t u/] df jf cg'/ f] w u/] d f .
-u_
;jf/L b'3{6gfu| : t eO{ s'g} dflg;, hgfj/ jf ;DklQsf] xflg gf]S;fgL

ePsf] df .
-3_
h] a|f qml;df dflg; cf]x/ bf]x/ u/]s f] cj:yfdf jf bf] af6f] jf rf} af6f] df
/x]s f] 6flkms aQLn] /f]Sg] ;\s] t u/] sf] df .
37
!##= b'3{6gf ePdf rfnssf] st{Jo M -!_ s'g} ;jf/Ln] s'g} b'3{6gf u/L dflg;sf] hLp
Hofgdf s'g} lsl;dsf] vt/f jf rf] 6 k6s kg{ uPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] ;jf/Lsf]
rfns, kl/rfns, ;' /IffsdL{ jf ;f] ;jf/Ldf sfd ug{] cGo sd{ rf/Ln] To:tf]
dflg;sf] pkrf/sf] nflu t'Gt cfjZos Joj:yf ug{' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ;jf/L b'3{ 6gfu| : t ePsf] :yfgdf s'g} k|x/L
gePdf rfnsn] t'Gt ;f] b' 3{6gfsf] hfgsf/L tyf ljj/0f ghLssf] k|x/L
sfof{ nonfO{ lbg' k5{ . s'g} k|x /Ln] b' 3{ 6gfsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt ;jf/L rfns;+ u
s'g} s'/ fsf] ;f] wk'5 u/] d f lghn] ;f]lwPsf] ;a} s' /f atfpg' k5{ .
!#$= b'3{6gf k/]sf] ;jf/Lsf] lg/LIf0f M b'3{6gfsf] hfF ra' sf] lgldQ ;f] b' 3{6gf ug{] jf
;f] b' 3{6gfdf kg{] ;jf/Lsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ cfjZos b] v]df ;DalGwt k|x/Ln] To:tf]
;jf/L cfkm" ;dIf bflvn ug{ nufO{ jf To:tf] ;jf/L /x] s f] 7fpFd f uO{ lg/LIf0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
!#%= ;jf/L afofFlt/af6 rnfpg' kg{] M -!_ s'g} klg ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf ;jf/L rnfpF bf
rfnsn] tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf afx]s cGo :yfgdf jfofF lsgf/f RofkL rnfpg' k5{ .
-@_ cufl8 uO{/x] s f] ;jf/LnfO{ pl5gL hfg' k/]df ;+ s] t lbO{ pQm ;jf/Lsf]
rfnsn] cufl8 hfg ;+ s]t lbPkl5 dfq k5fl8sf] ;jf/Ln] bflxg] lt/af6 pl5gL
hfg' k5{ . o;/L k5fl8sf] ;jf/Ln] pl5gL hfgsf] nflu ;+s]t lbPdf cufl8sf]
;jf/Ln] cj:yf x]/ L cufl8 hfgsf] lgldQ k5fl8sf] ;jf/LnfO{ ;+s]t lbg' k5{ .
!#^= k]6Laf6 lx+8g'\g' kg{] M dflg; lx+ 8\g] k] 6L ePsf] ;8sdf dflg;x ;f] k] 6Laf6 g}
lx+8\g' k5{ . k] 6L gePsf] ;8sdf lx+ 8\bf ;f] ;8ssf] lsgf/f RofkL lx8\g] ug{' k5{ .
!#&= lgwf{l /t 7fpFaf6 af6f] sf6\
sf6g'\g' kg{] M k}b n lx+ 8\g] dflg;n] af6f] sf6\g' kbf{ h] a|f
qml;, ;aj] , cf] e/x] 8 a| Lh jf To:tf] af6f] sf6\ gsf] nflu lgwf{l/t ul/Psf]
7fpF af6 dfq af6f] sf6\g' k5{ .
\ gx'g] M ;jf/L rnfpg jf dflg; lx+ 8\g nfO{ afwf kg{] u/L s'g}
!#*= kfNt' kz'kG5L 5f8\
5f8g
klg 3/ kfn' jf kz' kG5L ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf 5f8\ g x'Fb}g .
!#(= hfgsf/L lbg'kg{] M -!_ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L, oftfoft lg/LIfs jf k| x/Ln] s'g}
;jf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf dfu] sf] s'g} klg hfgsf/L ;f] ;jf/Lsf] wgLn] lghxnfO{ lbg'
k5{ .
38
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] hfgsf/L ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L jf To;sf] rfns,
kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ jf To:tf] ;jf/Ldf sfd ug{] s' g} sd{ rf/L;+ u ;DalGwt ePdf
To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf Joj:yfksn] To;/L dfluPsf] hfgsf/L clwsf/
k| fKt clwsf/L jf oftfoft lg/LIfs jf k|x/LnfO{ oyfzL3| lbg' k5{ .
!$)= 3'DtL lg/LIfs M -!_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf] lgodsf] kfngf u/] gu/] sf]
lg/LIf0f ug{ k|x /L jf oftfoft lg/LIfsn] cfjZostf cg' ;f/ 3'DtL lg/LIf0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd 3'DtL lg/LIf0f ubf{ k|x/L jf oftfoft lg/LIfsn]
bkmf !^$ df pNn] v eP adf]l hdsf] sfd sf/jfxL ePsf] b] v]d f To:tf] ug{]
JolQmnfO{ tTsfn ;f] bkmfdf n]l vP adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$!= rfnsn] cfgf]] cg'dltkq cnfO{ lbg gx'g] M s'g} klg rfnsn] cnfO{ ;jf/L
rnfpgsf] lgldQ cfgf]] cg'dltkq lbg x'F b}g .
!$@= dfbs tyf cGo nfu" kbfy{ ;]jg ug{ gx'g] M ;jf/L rnfpFbf rfnsn] dfbs jf
cGo s'g} klg k|sf/sf] nfu" kbfy{ ;]jg ug{ x'Fb}g .
!$#= /ftL ;jf/L rnfpFbf aQL afNg' kg{] M s'g} klg ;jf/L cFW of/f]df jf s'lx/f] nfu] sf]
a] nfdf rnfpFbf ;f] ;jf/Lsf] aQL afNg' k5{ .
!$$= cj:yf 7Ls gePsf] ;jf/L rnfpg gx'g] M ;jf/Lsf] s'g} klg kf6{ k' hf{ lau|L
cj:yf 7Ls gePsf] ;jf/L rnfpg x'Fb}g .
!$%= cfjZos ;xof]u k'ofpg] M s'g} klg ;jf/Ln] b' 3{ 6gfdf k/] sf] ;jf/L jf ;jf/Ldf
/x]s f ofqLxnfO{ cfjZos ;xof] u k'ofpg' k5{ .
!$^= k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] u/fpg] M ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf] /f] s yfd ug{ 6 flkms ;\s] tsf] hfgsf/L
;j{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ u/fpgsf] lgldQ ;do ;dodf ljefun] ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6
6 flkms ;\s] t ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx k| ;fl/t ug{] Joj:yf ug{' k5{ .
!$&= nfk/jfxL;fy ;jf/L rnfpg gx'g] M s'g} rfnsn] ;jf/L rnfpF b f nfk/jfxL;fy
;jf/L rnfpg x'F b}g .
39
kl/R5]b*
aLdf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!$*= ;jf/Lsf] aLdf u/fpg' kg{] M -!_ ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] tf]l sP adf]l hd k| To]s
;jf/Lsf] aLdf u/fpg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd aLdf gu/]s f] ;jf/Lsf] btf{sf] k| df0fkq gjLs/0f
ul/g] 5}g / To:tf] ;jf/L ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L eP To:tf] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{ k~hLs[ t ul/g] / af6f] Ohfhtkq k|b fg ul/g] 5}g .
!$(= rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ tyf cGo sd{rf/Lsf] aLdf M -!_ oftfoft ;] j fdf
;+ nUg k|To]s ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/ IffsdL{ tyf ;f] ;jf/Ldf
sfd ug{] cGo sd{ rf/Lsf] tf]lsPsf] /sdsf] b' 3{ 6gf aLdf ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] ug{' k5{ .
-@_ ;jf/Lsf] b' 3{ 6gfaf6 rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ tyf cGo sd{ rf/Lsf]
ce jf d[ To' ePdf ;f] afkt kfpg] aLldt /sd lgh :jo+ jf lghsf] ghLssf]
xsjfnfn] kfpg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ sf] aLdf gu/fO{
oftfoft ;]j f ;~rfng ubf{ s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L b'3{ 6gf x'g uO{ lghxnfO{ s'g}
klg lsl;dsf] xflg gf]S ;fgL ePdf lghxn] kfpg' kg{] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf]
aLdf /sd lghx jf lghxsf] xsjfnfnfO{ ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] Ifltk"lt{
afkt lbg' k5{ .
!%)= ofqLsf]
ofqLsf] aLdf M -!_ tf]lsPsf] af6f]df oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] ofqf ug{] k| To] s ofqLsf] tf]lsPsf] /sdsf] b' 3{6gf aLdf u/fpg' k5{ .
-@_ ;jf/L b' 3{6gfaf6 ofqLsf] ce ePdf ce eP afktsf] b'3{ 6gf
aLdfsf] /sd lghn] kfpg]5 / ;f] b'3{ 6gfaf6 lghsf] d[ To' ePdf lghsf] ghLssf]
xsjfnfn] ;f] afkt kfpg' kg{] b'3{ 6gf aLdfsf] /sd kfpg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ofqLsf] aLdf gu/fO{ oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ubf{
s'g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L b' 3{6gfu|: t eO{ To;df ofqf ul//x] sf s' g} klg ofqLnfO{ s'g}
klg lsl;dsf] xflg gf] S ;fgL ePdf lghn] kfpg' kg{] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] aLdf
40
/sd lgh jf lghsf] xsjfnfnfO{ ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] IftLk"lt{ afkt lbg'
k5{ .
!%!= ofqLu'06fsf] aLdf M -!_ tf]lsPsf] af6f]df oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] ;jf/L wgL
jf Joj:yfksn] ofqf ug{] k|To]s ofqLsf] ofqLu' 0 6fsf] tf]lsPsf] /sdsf] aLdf
u/fpg' k5{ .
-@_ ofqLu'0 6fsf] jf:tljs d"N o hlt;' s} eP tfklg To:tf] ofqLu'0 6f s'g}
sf/0faf6 x/fP jf gi6 ePdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ul/Psf] aLdf /sdeGbf a9L
x'g] u/L bfjL ul/Psf] Ifltk"l t{sf] /sd k|l t ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfks pQ/bfoL
x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ofqLu' 06fsf] aLdf gu/fO{ s' g} ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln]
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ubf{ s'g} ofqLu' 0 6f x/fP jf gi6 ePdf ofqLn] kfpg' kg{]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] aLdf /sd ofqL jf lghsf] xsjfnfnfO{ ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksn] IftLk"l t{ afkt lbg' k5{ .
!%@= t];|f] kIfsf] aLdf M -!_ ;jf/Lsf] b' 3{6gfaf6 s'g} t] ;|f] kIf jf lghsf] s'g} ;DklQ
s'g} lsl;dn] gf]S;fg ePdf ;f] gf]S ;fgLsf] IftLk"l t{ lbg] k| of] hgsf nflu ;jf/L
wgL jf Joj:yfksn] tf]l sPsf] /sdsf] t] ;|f] kIfsf] aLdf u/fpg' k5{ .
-@_ ;jf/L b'3{6gfaf6 s'g} t] ;|f] kIf jf lghsf] s' g} ;DklQ gf]S ;fg ePdf
;f] gf]S ;fgLsf] IftLk"l t{ afkt pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] /sd lgh jf lghsf]
xsjfnfn] kfpg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd t] ;|f] kIf jf slDk|x] G;Le aLdf gu/fO{ rnfPsf]
;jf/L b'3{6gfu| : t eO{ s'g} t] ;|f] kIf jf lghsf] ;DklQ gf]S;fg ePdf gf]S;fgL
afkt t] ;|f] kIf jf lghsf] xsjfnfn] kfpg' kg{] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] aLdf /sd
lgh jf lghsf] xsjfnfnfO{ ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] Ifltk"lt{ afkt lbg' k5{ .
41
kl/R5]b (
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
!%#= ljefusf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M ljefusf] sfd, st{ Jo / clwsf/ b]x fo adf]l hd
x'g]5 M
-s_
;+ ul7t Pj+ k| e fjsf/L 9af6 oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng u/fpg To;sf]

cfly{ s tyf k| fljlws kIfdf cWoog tyf cg' ;Gwfg ug{] jf ug{ nufO{
tT;DaGwL cfjZos gLlt lgwf{ /0f ug{] .
-v_
oftfoftsf] ;' Joj:yf / ljsf;sf] nflu oftfoft ;] j f;+ u ;DalGwt JolQm,

kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ : yfnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg] .
-u_
cfjZostf cg' ;f/ dfn;fdfg 9' jfgLsf] k| fyldstf tf] sL ;f] k| fyldstf
cg' k dfn;fdfg 9'j fgL ug{ oftfoft ;] j f;+ u ;DalGwt JolQm, kmd{ ,
sDkgL jf ;+ :yfnfO{ lgb{] zg lbg] .
-3_
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{ ofqLsf] rfknfO{ b[li6ut u/L cfjZostf

cg' ;f/ af6f]sf] lgwf{/ 0f u/L ;f] af6f]df rNg] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] ef8f
lgwf{ /0f ug{] .
-_
cGt/f{li6o k| rng cg'k 6 flkms ;+s] tx ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf /fVg]

Joj:yf ug{] .
-r_
;jf/Lsf] ult, jhg / ;jf/Ldf /flvg] ofqL ;\ Vof lgwf{ /0f ug{] .
-5_
;jf/Lsf] oflGqs l:ylt tyf :jksf] hfF ra'sf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos

dfkb08 tof/ / lgwf{/0f ug{] .
-h_
rfnsx;+ u lnOg] k/LIffsf] laifo / k/LIff k|0 ffnL tf]Sg] .
-_
oftfoft ;] j fsf] ;'b[ 9Ls/0fsf] lglDt cfjZos cGo sfd sf/jfxL ug{] .
!%$= oftfoft Joj:yfkg ;ldlt M k|To] s If] q df rNg] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LxnfO{
Jojl:ytkdf ;~rfng ug{ b]xfosf ;b:ox ePsf] oftfoft Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
u7g ul/g]5 M
-s_
k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/L -oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{ no /x] s f] lhNnf_ cWoIf
-v_
k| d'v, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{ no
;b:o
-u_
oftfoft Joj;foLxsf] k|l tlglw Pshgf
;b:o
42
-3_
oftfoft dhb"/xsf] k|l tlglw Pshgf
;b:o
-_
k| d'v, oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{ no
;b:o;lrj
!%%= oftfoft Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M oftfoft Joj:yfkg

;ldltsf] sfd, st{ Jo / clwsf/ b] xfo adf]lhd x' g]5 M
-s_
cfgf]] If] qleq rNg] oftfoft ;]j f lgjf{ wkdf ;~rfng ug{ ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/LxnfO{ oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] sfo{ df ;+ nUg u/fpg] .
-v_
cfgf]] If] qleq af6f] sfod gePsf] 7fpFd f s]x L ;dosf] nflu af6f] sfod
u/L oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{' kg{] eP c:yfoL af6f] sfod u/L ;f]
af6f] df rNg] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] ef8f lgwf{ /0f ug{ ljefudf l;kmfl/;
ug]{ .
-u_
cfgf]] If]qleq ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lxn] af6f]sf] Ohfhtkq lnO{ oftfoft ;] jf

;~rfng u/] gu/] s f], ;do ;dodf ;f] sf] gjLs/0f u/] gu/] s f] lg/LIf0f
ug{] jf ug{ nufpg] .
-3_
cfgf]] If] qleq rNg] ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lxn] ;do ;dodf hfF rkf; u/]
gu/]sf] / of] P] g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag] s f] lgodsf] cwLgdf /xL lgoldt
oftfoft ;]jf k|b fg u/] gu/]sf] ;do ;dodf lg/LIf0f ug{] jf ug{
nufpg] .
-_
cfgf]] If] qleq ofqLsf] rfk / ;jf/Lsf] ;\ Vof OToflbsf] cWoog u/L s' g}
7fpF df oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{' kg{] cfjZos b] v]d f ;f] If]qdf af6f]
lgwf{ /0f x'g ljefu ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug{] .
-r_
cfgf]] If] qleq oftfoft ;] j f ;' Jojl:ytkdf ;~rfng ug{ cGo cfjZos
sfd sf/jfxL ug{] .
!%^= k/LIff ;ldlt M -!_ ;jf/L rfns cg' dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t lbg] JolQm To:tf]
;jf/L rnfpg ;dy{ 5 5} g eGg] s'/ f olsg ug{ s f] nflu bkmf $( adf]l hd k/LIff
lng b]x fosf ;b:ox ePsf] Ps k/LIff ;ldlt /xg]5 M
-s_
k| d'v, oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{ no
cWoIf
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]l slbPsf] k|x /L clws[ t
;b:o
-u_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf] s]sf] ljz]i f1
;b:o
43
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] ;ldltn] rfns cg' dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t
lbg] JolQmxsf] k/LIff lnO{ ;kmn ePsfxnfO{ rfns cg' dltkq k|b fg ug{
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] ;ldltsf] a}7 s cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ldltn]
lgwf{ /0f u/] adf]l hd a:g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] ;ldltn] rfnsxsf nflu lng] k/LIffsf]
ljifo / k/LIff k|0ffnL ljefun] tf]s] adf]l hd x'g]5 .
!%&= oftfoft lg/LIfssf] lgo'lQm
Qm M of] P]g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag]sf] lgodsf] cwLgdf
/xL ;jf/Lx rnfPsf] jf grnfPsf] / oftfoft ;]j fdf ;+ nUg ;fj{ hlgs
;jf/Lxn] of] P] g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf] lgod adf]l hd kfng ug{' kg{] zt{x
k"/f u/] gu/] sf] lg/LIf0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] oftfoft lg/LIfs lgo' Qm ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
!%*= oftfoft lg/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M oftfoft lg/LIfssf] sfd, st{ Jo /
clwsf/ b] xfo adf]l hd x' g]5 M
-s_
oftfoft ;] j fdf ;+ nUg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ln] af6f] sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt af6f] df
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng u/] gu/] sf] lg/LIf0f ug{] .
-v_
oftfoft ;] j fdf ;+ nUg ePsf ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lxn] lgwf{l/t ;L6 tyf
jhg Ifdtfsf cwLgdf /xL ofqL /fVg] tyf dfn;fdfg nfb\g] sfo{ u/]
gu/]sf] lg/LIf0f ug{] .
-u_
oftfoft ;] jfdf ;+ nUg ;jf/Lxn] ;do ;dodf o; P]g adf]l hd ug{' kg{]
hfF rkf; u/fP gu/fPsf] tyf To;/L ;~rflnt ;] jf k~hLs[ t eP gePsf]
hfF r ug{] .
-3_
rfns, kl/rfnssf] cg'dltkq tyf ofqL;" rL x]g{] / ofqLsf] l6s6 hfF rL

lgwf{l /t ef8fb/ adf]l hd ef8f lnOPsf] glnOPsf] tyf lgwf{l/t ultdf
;jf/L rnfOPsf] grnfOPsf] s'/fsf] lg/LIf0f ug{] .
-_
of] P] g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag]sf] lgodsf] kfng rfns, kl/rfns, ;jf/L

wgL jf Joj:yfksn] u/]sf] 5 5}g eGg] s'/ fsf] ;do ;dodf lg/LIf0f ug{] .
!%(= k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, sf/vfgf tyf js{;k ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt lng'kg{] M -!_ s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] ;jf/L rnfpg] k|lzIf0f sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ jf rfns k|l zIf0f s]Gb| jf
44
a;, 6 s sf] a8L lgdf{ 0 f ug{] sf/vfgf jf c6f] df]a fOn js{ ;k ;~rfng ug{ rfxg]
JolQm, kmd{ , sDkgL jf ;+: yfn] ljefusf] cg'dlt lng' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] cg'dlt lng rfxg] n] tf]lsPsf] 9fF rfdf
tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ ;d] t ;+ nUg /fvL ljefudf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd b/vf:t k/]df To:tf] b/vf:t lbg] JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+: yfn] ;~rfng ug{ vf]h]s f] k|l zIf0f s] Gb| , sf/vfgf jf js{ ;k
;~rfng ug{ ;S5 ;Qm}g eGg] s'/ fsf] hfF ra' u/L ljefun] To:tf] k|l zIf0f s]G b|,
sf/vfgf jf js{ ;k ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg] 5 .
kl/R5]b !)
;hfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^)= b08 ;hfo M -!_ btf{ sf] k|df0fkqdf pNn] v eP adf]l hdsf] jf:tljs gDa/ jf
Kn] 6 g/fvL cs{} gDa/ jf Kn] 6 /fvL ;jf/L rnfpg] jf rnfpg nufpg] nfO{
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] 5 dxLgf;Dd s}b jf kfF rxhf/b]l v kGw|x hf/ k} ofF ;Dd
hl/jfgf u/L To:tf] ;jf/L hkmt ug{' k5{ .
-@_ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf] sfd sf/jfxL ug{] u/fpg] nfO{ b]x fo
adf]l hd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg] 5 M
-s_
bkmf !@, $% jf !!& sf] ljk/Lt sfd sf/jfxL ug{]

u/fpg] nfO{ kfF r;o b]l v b'O{ xhf/ k} o fF ;Dd .
-v_
bkmf !$, @(, #(, &%, (#, (^, !@% jf !@( sf] ljk/Lt
sfd sf/jfxL ug{] u/fpg] nfO{ Psxhf/ b]lv kfF rxhf/
k}o fF ;Dd .
-u_
bkmf !%( sf] ljk/Lt sfd sf/jfxL ug{] u/fpg] nfO{

b'O{x hf/b]lv bzxhf/ k}o fF ;Dd .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df pNn] v eP b]l v afx] s of] P] g jf o; P]g

cGtu{t ag] sf] lgod jf hf/L u/] s f] cfb] zsf] ljk/Lt sfd sf/jfxL ug{] u/fpg] nfO{
clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] b' O{ ;ob]l v Psxhf/ k}o fF ;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
45
-$_ bkmf !@* ljk/Lt x'g] u/L sfd sf/jfxL ug{] u/fpg] JolQmnfO{
kRrL;xhf/ k} ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf jf kfF r jif{ ;Dd s}b jf b'a} ;hfo u/L cbfntn]
To:tf] JolQmaf6 xflg gf] S ;fgL k'Ug] JolQmnfO{ pko'Qm IftLk"l t{ sf] /sd lbnfpg
;Sg]5 .
-%_ bkmf !^% ljk/Lt x'g] u/L sfd sf/jfxL ug{] u/fpg] JolQmnfO{
Psxhf/ k}ofF hl/jfgf jf Ps jif{ ;Dd s}b jf b'a} ;hfo u/L cbfntn] To:tf]
JolQmaf6 xflg gf]S ;fgL k' Ug] JolQmnfO{ pko' Qm IftLk"lt{ s f] /sd lbnfpg ;Sg] 5 .
!^!= Hofg d/]df x'g] ;hfo M -!_ s;} n] ;jf/L rnfO{ s'g} dflg;nfO{ lsrL, 7Ss/ lbO{
jf s'g} lsl;dn] ;jf/L b'3{ 6gf u/fO{ ;jf/Ldf /x]sf] ;jf/L aflx/ h' g ;'s} 7fpF df
/x] a;]s f] s' g} dflg; To:tf] b' 3{ 6gfsf] sf/0faf6 tTsfn} jf d' n'sL P]g Hofg
;DaGwLsf] dxndf pNn]lvt Dofbleq d/] df To:tf] sfo{ Hofg dfg]{ dg;fo lnO{
u/] s f] eP To;/L ;jf/L rnfpg] JolQmnfO{ ;j{ : j ;lxt hGds}b x'g] 5 . s;} n]
Hofg dfg]{ dg;fo lnO{ To:tf] sfo{ u/] s f]df Hofg dg{ kfPsf] /x]g 5 eg] To;/L
;jf/L rnfpg] JolQmnfO{ s;"/sf] dfqf cg' ;f/ kfF r jif{ b]l v afx| jif{ ;Dd s}b
x'g]5 .
-@_ s;} n] s'g} ;jf/L rnfPaf6 s'g} dflg;nfO{ lsrL, 7Ss/ nflu jf s'g}
lsl;dn] ;jf/L b'3{ 6gf eO{ ;jf/Ldf /x]sf] jf ;jf/L aflx/ h'g;' s} 7fpFdf /x]
a;]s f] dflg; To:tf] b' 3{6gfsf] sf/0faf6 tTsfn} jf d' n'sL P] g Hofg ;DaGwLsf]
dxndf pNn]lvt Dofb leq d/] df To:tf] sfo{ Hofg dfg]{ dg;fo lnO{ u/]s f] geP
tfklg To;/L ;jf/L rnfpFbf s;}sf] Hofg dg{ ;Sg] 7" nf] ;Defjgf 5 eGg] s'/f
hfgL hfgL jf nfk/jfxL u/L ;jf/L rnfPsf] sf/0faf6 ;jf/L b' 3{6gf x'g uO{
To;} sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} dflg;sf] d[ To' x'g uPsf] /x] 5 eg] To;/L ;jf/L rnfpg]
JolQmnfO{ s;"/ sf] dfqf cg' ;f/ b'O{ jif{b]l v bz jif{;Dd s}b x' g]5 .
-#_ s;}sf] Hofg dg{ ;S5 eGg] h:tf] gb]l vPsf] cj:yfdf s;} n] s'g}
;jf/L rnfpF bf ;jf/L b' 3{ 6gf x'g uO{ ;jf/Ldf /x]sf] jf ;jf/L aflx/ h'g ;'s}
7fpF df /x] a;] sf] s' g} dflg;sf] d[ To' x' g uPsf] /x]5 eg] To;/L ;jf/L rnfpg]
JolQmnfO{ Ps jif{ ;Dd s} b jf b' O{x hf/ k}ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf] w gf/f ;+zf] lwt .
46
-$_ rfns cg'dltkq gePsf JolQmn] ;jf/L rnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_
adf]l hdsf] s;"/ u/]df lghnfO{ ;f]xL pkbkmf adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf yk b' O{ xhf/
k}o fF ;d] t hl/jfgf x' g]5 .
t/ ;j{ Zj;lxt hGds}b x' g]df To:tf] yk hl/jfgf x'g] 5} g .
-%_ s'g} ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf ;jf/Lsf] lhDdf lnPsf] JolQmn] rfns cg' dltkq
gePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;jf/L rnfpg lbO{ s' g} dflg;nfO{ lsrL, 7Ss/ nflu jf b'3{ 6gf
eO{ ;f] dflg; dg{ uPdf To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg lbg] JolQmnfO{ b'O{ jif{ ;Dd s}b
x'g]5 .
!^@= ce ePdf x'g] ;hfo M -!_ s;} n] s'g} ;jf/L rnfPaf6 s' g} dflg;nfO{ lsrL,
7Ss/ nflu jf b'3{ 6gf eO{ ;jf/Ldf /x] sf] jf ;jf/L aflx/ h'g;' s} 7fpFdf /x]
a;]s f] dflg;sf] To:tf] b' 3{ 6gfsf] sf/0faf6 ce ePdf To:tf] sfo{ ablgot;fy
u/] s f] eP cGwf] jf gk'+ ;s dWo] h' g;'s} s'/ f ePklg To;/L ;jf/L rnfpg]
JolQmnfO{ cf7 jif{ ;Dd s} b / bz xhf/ k}ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 . ;f] b'O{ vt
afx]s cGo s' g} c a] sDdf ePdf cf7 jif{ ;Dd s}b / kfF r xhf/ k} ofF ;Dd
hl/jfgf / Pp6} lsl;dsf] sfd lng] Pp6f eGbf a9L c x'g] d f ;f] dwo] Pp6f
c dfq a]sDdf ePdf dfly n]lvPsf] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x' g]5 . ;f] vt lgsf]
eO{ sfd nfUg] ePdf To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg] JolQmnfO{ kfF rxhf/ k} ofF hl/jfgf
x'g]5 .
-@_ rfns cg' dltkq gePsf] JolQmn] ;jf/L rnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ df
plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ u/]df lghnfO{ ;f] pkbkmf adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf kfF rxhf/
k}o fF yk hl/jfgf x' g]5 .
-#_ s' g} ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf ;jf/Lsf] lhDdf lnPsf] JolQmn] rfns cg' dltkq
gePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;jf/L rnfpg lbO{ s' g} dfgl;nfO{ lsrL, 7Ss/ nflu jf b'3{ 6gf
eO{ ;jf/Ldf /x]sf] jf ;jf/L aflx/ h'g ;' s} 7fpF df /x] a;]sf] dflg;sf] ce
ePdf To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg lbg] JolQmnfO{ b' O{xhf/ k}o fF hl/jfgf x'g]5 .
47
!^#= 3f vr{, s[of vr{ / IftLk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg] M -!_ ;jf/L b' 3{ 6gfaf6 s'g} kIfnfO{ s'g}
klg lsl;dsf] xflg gf]S ;fgL k'Ug uPdf kLl8t kIfnfO{ b] xfo adf]l hd 3f vr{ /
IftLk"lt{sf] /sd rfns, ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksaf6 e/fO{ lbg' k5{ M
-s_
Hofg d/]sf] df ;f] dg{] JolQmsf] xsjfnfnfO{ s[ of vr{ afkt

bzxhf/ k}ofF / IftLk"l t{ afkt t] ;|f] kIfsf] aLdf gu/fPsf]
eP o; P] g adf]l hd t] >f] kIfn] kfpg] b' 3{6gf aLdfsf]
/sd .
-v_
ce ePsf] df lgsf] eOsg klg sfd gnfUg] eP ;f] sf]

IftLk"lt{ afkt t] ;|f] kIfsf] aLdf gu/fPsf] eP o; P]g
adf]l hd t] ;|f] kIfn] kfpg] ce afktsf] b' 3{6gf aLdfsf]
/sd / To:tf] c sfd nfUg] eP 3f vr{ afkt kfF rxhf/
k}o fF .
-@_ ;jf/L b'3{ 6gfaf6 s'g} JolQmsf] Hofg d/] s f] eP ;f] dg{] JolQmsf]
xsjfnfnfO{ s[o fvr{ / Ifltk"l t{ /sd / ce ePsf] eP ;f] x'g] JolQmnfO{ 3f
vr{s f] /sd pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] tTsfn} ;jf/L rfns,
;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksaf6 e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]]l vPb]l v afx] s rfnsn] of] P]g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t
ag]s f] lgod jf hf/L u/] s f] cfb]z alv{ nfk x'g] u/L ;jf/L rnfO{ b' 3{6gf x'g uO{
s'g} JolQmnfO{ rf] 6k6s nfu] df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ tTsfn} cf}i flw vr{ afkt k| d' v
lhNnf clwsf/Ln] rf] 6k6ssf] l:ylt ljrf/ u/L rfns, ;jf/L wgL jf
Joj:yfksaf6 b' O{x hf/ k}o fF ;Dd lbnfO{ lbg' k5{ . To:tf] rf] 6 k6s nfUg]
JolQmn] kl5 a9L /sd Ifltk"l t{ kfpg] ePdf To;/L cf}iflw vr{ afkt lbPsf] /sd
sL u/L afFsL kfpg] /sd dfq lbOg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf dfly h'g ;' s} s' / f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf adf]l hd
e/fOg] 3f vr{ , s[ of vr{ / IftLk"l t{s f] s" n /sdsf] kfF r k|ltzt eGbf a9L
rfnsaf6 e/fOg] 5}g .
48
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd a' fpg' kg{] s[o f vr{, 3f vr{ / Ifltk"lt{
/sd rfnsn] a' fpg' kg{]d f lghn] a' fpg g;sL k| rlnt sfg" g adf]l hd
lghsf] hfohftaf6 klg c;" n pk/ x' g ;s]g eg] ;f] pk/ geP hlt k}ofF
lghaf6 c;" n pk/ ePsf] hl/jfgf dWo]a f6 e/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
-^_ o; bkmfdf n]l vP adf]lhd aLdf sDkgLn] Joxf]g{' kg]{ IftLk"lt{
afktsf] aLdf /sd oyfzL3| e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

!^$= oftfoft lg/LIfs jf k|x/Ln] tTsfn ;hfo ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]g df cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s;"/ klxnf] k6s ug{] nfO{ kRrL;
k}o fFb]l v krf; k}ofF ;Dd, bf] ;|f] k6s ug{] nfO{ krf; k}ofF b]lv Ps;o k} ofF ;Dd
/ t] ;|f] k6s jf ;f] eGbf a9L k6s ug{] nfO{ Ps;o k}o fFb]l v b'O{ ;o k}o fF ;Ddsf]
hl/jfgf oftfoft lg/LIfs jf 36Ldf ;xfos k|x/L lg/LIfs bhf{ ;Ddsf] clws[ tn]
tTsfn ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
6 flkms ;\s] t jf O{ zf/f pNn\ 3g u/L ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-v_
;jf/L c8\o fpg lgif] w ul/Psf] 7fpF jf ;dodf ;jf/L

c8\o fPsf] .
-u_
;jf/L df] 8\g jf Wjlg ;\s]t lbg lgif] w ul/Psf] 7fpFdf

;jf/L df] 8]s f] jf WjgL ;\s] t lbPsf] .
-3_
;8sdf unt ;fO8 tkm{a f6 ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-_
PstkmL{ ;8sdf ;f] ljk/Lt ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-r_
cj:yf 7Ls gePsf] ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-5_
lgwf{l /t ulteGbf a9L ultdf ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-h_
/ftL aQL gafnL ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-_
dfbs kbfy{ ;] j g u/L ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-`_
cnfO{ afwf k' Ug] u/L ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf ;jf/L /fv] sf] .
-6_
;jf/L rnfpg lgif] w ul/Psf] 7fpF jf ;dodf ;jf/L

rnfPsf] .
-7_
gDa/ Kn] 6 g/fvL ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
49
-8_
;jf/Lsf] jhgsf] xb lgwf{ /0f ul/Psf] 7fpFd f lgwf{l/t

jhgeGbf a9L jhgsf] ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-9_
k] 6L gafF wL jf x]Nd] 6 gnufO{ ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-0f_
;jf/Ldf a:g] jf /fVg] dflg; jf dfn;fdfgsf] xb lgwf{l/t

ul/Psf] d f ;f] xb eGbf a9L /fvL ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-t_
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] rfnsn] ofqL lng OGsf/ u/]sf] .
-y_
lgwf{l /t ef8f b/eGbf a9L ef8f lnO{ ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-b_
nfk/jfxL ;fy ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-w_
af6f] Ohfhtkq glnO{ ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-g_
rfns cg' dltkq ;fydf g/fvL ;jf/L rnfPsf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd oftfoft lg/LIfs jf k|x /Ln] u/]sf] hl/jfgfsf]
/sd tTsfn a' fpg g;Sg] nfO{ rf}aL; 306fleq To:tf] /sd ;DalGwt k|x/L
sfof{ no jf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L ;dIf a' fpg k' hL{ lbg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s;} n] pkbkmf -!_ df
pNn]l vt s;" / ubf{sf] avt lghnfO{ ;hfo ug{ tTsfn 36gf:yndf 36Ldf
;xfos k|x/L lg/LIfs bhf{ ;Ddsf] clws[t gePdf klg 36gf:yndf /x] sf] s'g} klg
k|x/L hjfgn] To:tf] s;"/ ug{] nfO{ lghn] u/] sf] s;"/ v' nfO{ ;f] afkt lghnfO{ x'g]
h/Ljfgfsf] /sd rf} aL; 306fleq ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{ nodf a' fpg k' hL{ lbg] 5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]l hdsf] k' hL{ lb+b f To:tf] k' hL{sf] gSsn k|l tdf
;f] k' hL{ a' g]sf] ;xL ;d] t u/fpg' k5{ .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ df n]l vPsf] ;do;Dd klg clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L
jf ;DalGwt k| x/L sfof{ no ;dIf To:tf] hl/jfgfsf] /sd ga' fpg] nfO{ clwsf/
k| fKt clwsf/Ln] Psxhf/ k}o fF ;Dd h/Ljfgf u/L To:tf] JolQm rfns eP rfns
cg'dltkq, ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfks eP ;jf/Lsf] af6f] Ohfhtkq jf lghxn]
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{ k| fKt cg' dltkq
lgnDag ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
50
a9Ldf Ps dxLgf;Ddsf] nflu
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd lgnDag ul/Psf] cjlw;Dd klg hl/jfgf
g'afPdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] rfns cg' dltkq, af6f] Ohfhtkq jf
oftfoft ;] j f ;~rfng ug{ k| fKt cg' dltkq vf/] h ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b!!
ljljw
!^%= xflg gf]S;fgL k'ofpg gx'g] M s;} n] ;jf/Ldf /x]sf rfns, kl/rfns, ;' /IffsdL{,
;jf/Lsf cGo sd{ rf/L jf ofqLnfO{ lk6\ g], ;jf/L /f]Sg] , ;jf/L tf] 8kmf] 8 ug{] jf
cGo s'g} lsl;dn] To:tf] ;jf/L jf ;jf/Ldf /x]sf dflg; jf dfn;fdfgnfO{ s'g}
xflg gf]S ;fgL k' ofpg] sfd ug{, u/fpg x'Fb}g .
!^^= ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] ltg{' kg{] M s'g} rfnsn] nfk/jfxL u/L jf ablgot
k" j{s of] P] g jf o; P]g cGtu{ tsf] lgod jf cfb]z sf] pNn\ 3g u/]s f] df afx]s
cGo cj:yfdf o; P]g adf]l hd To:tf] rfnsn] ltg{' kg{] hl/jfgf, 3f vr{, s[ of
vr{ jf Ifltk"l t{sf] /sd ;DalGwt ;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfksn] lt/L lbg' k5{ .
!^&= ;hfo gx'g] M bkmf !^! / !^@ df n]l vPsf] cj:yfdf afx] s cGo cj:yfdf
rfnssf] sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:yltaf6 b'3{ 6gf eO{ s'g} xflg gf]S ;fgL k'Ug uPsf]
/x]5 eg] To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpg] rfnsnfO{ s'g} ;hfo x'g] 5}g .
!^*= k|lt:kwf{Tds 9af6 oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug{
ug] M o; P] gdf cGoq h'g;' s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :jR5 k|l t:kwf{ Tds 9af6 oftfoft Joj;fosf] ljsf; ug{ sf]
nflu ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{ rqmk|0 ffnL cGtu{ t oftfoft ;] jf ;~rfng ug{] u/L
Ohfhtkq k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
=========================
!^(= lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg] M g] kfn ;/sf/, ljefu jf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] oftfoft
Joj;foLxnfO{ oftfoft Joj;fonfO{ k| e fjsf/L agfpg tyf oftfoft ;]jfnfO{
;/n tyf ;' ne agfpg cfjZos lgb{] zg lbg ;Sg] 5 . o;/L lbOPsf] lgb{] zgsf]
kfngf ug{' oftfoft Joj;foLsf] st{ Jo x'g]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf] w gf/f yk eO{ ;fj{ hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# 4f/f vf/]h .
51
!&)= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M o; P]g adf]l hd ljefu jf clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/LnfO{ k| fKt
clwsf/x dWo] s'g} jf ;a} clwsf/ cfjZostfg' ;f/ ljefu jf clwsf/ k| fKt
clwsf/Ln] s'g} ;ldlt, clwsf/L, oftfoft lg/LIfs jf k| x/LnfO{ k| Tofof] hg ug{
;Sg]5 .
!&!= k'g/fj]bg M -!_ o; P]g adf]l hd clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L, k|x/L jf oftfoft
lg/LIfsn] u/] sf] lg0f{o jf ;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ ljefu ;dIf k' g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]l hd ljefun] u/] sf] lg0f{ o jf cfb]z pk/ k' g/fj]bg
cbfnt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] 5 .
!&@= ph"/ ug]{ xbDofb / k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb M -!_ bkmf !^! cGtu{ tsf] s;"/sf] xsdf
d' n's L P]g Hofg ;DaGwLsf] dxndf pNn]l vt Dofbleq, bkmf !^@ cGt/utsf]
s;"/ sf] xsdf d' n'sL P]g s' 6kL6sf] dxndf pNn]l vt Dofbleq / o; P]g
cGt/utsf cGo s;"/ sf] xsdf s;"/ ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ph"/ ug{' kg]{ 5 .
-@_ bkmf !^! / !^@ cGt/utsf s;"/sf ;DaGwdf afx] s o; P]g
cGt/utsf cGo s;"/sf ;DaGwdf lg0f{o jf cfb]zsf] ;" rgf kfPsf] ldltn] k}+ tL;
lbgleq k'g /fj] bg lbg' kg]{ 5 .
!&#= ;xof]u k'ofpg' kg{] M of] P]g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag] s f] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf]
s'g} cfb] z sfof{G jog ug{] ;Gbe{d f clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] jf oftfoft lg/LIfsn]
s'g} lsl;dsf] ;xof] u dfu]d f lghxnfO{ To:tf] ;xof] u k' ofpg] st{ Jo k|x/L
nufot ;DalGwt ;a} s f] x'g]5 .
!&$= cGo ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfnsn] o; P]gsf] kfng ug{' kg{] M o; P] g adf]l hd btf{ ug{
gkg{] ;jf/L ;fwg jf s'g} ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg o; P] g adf]l hd rfns
cg'dltkq lng gkg{] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] ;jf/L rnfpF bf rfnsn] of] P]g jf o; P]g
cGtu{t ag] sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]zf/f lgwf{l/t 6 flkms ;\s]tsf] kfngf
ug{' k5{ .
!&%= c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfdsf] arfp M clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L jf lghn] clwsf/
k| Tofof] hg u/]s f] ;ldlt, clwsf/L, oftfoft lg/LIfs, k|x/L sd{ rf/L jf ;DalGwt
52
s'g} sd{ rf/Ln] o; P] g adf]l hd cfgf]] st{ Jo kfng ubf{ c;n lgotn] u/] sf] sfd
sf/jfxLdf lgh JolQmut kdf hjfkmb]x L x'g] 5}g .
!&^= ljz]if clwsf/ M o; P]gdf cGoq h'g ;' s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} ;jf/Lsf]
;DaGwdf o; P]g sf] s'g} Joj:yf tf]l sPsf] cjlw;Dd nfu" gx'g] u/L g] kfn
;/sf/n] 5" 6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
!&^s= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M bkmf !^! / !^@ cGt/utsf] d' 2 f g] kfn ;/sf/ jfbL
x'g]5 / ;f] d'2 f ;/sf/L d'2 f ;DaGwL P]g , @)$( sf] cg' ;"rL ! df k/] sf]
dflgg] 5 .
!&&= afwf c8sfp km's fpg] clwsf/ M o; P] gsf] sfof{G jog ubf{ s'g} afwf c8sfp
k/] d f g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k| s flzt u/L cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf]
afwf c8sfp x6fpg ;Sg]5 .
!&*= cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]
;Sg M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|s flzt u/L
cg' ;"rLdf cfjZos x]/ km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!&(= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] p2] Zo k"l t{s f] nflu g] kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos
lgodx agfpg ;Sg] 5 .
!*)= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ b]xfosf P]gx vf/] h ul/Psf 5g\ M
-s_
;jf/L P]g, @)@) .
-v_
/fli6o oftfoft Joj:yf P]g , @)@^ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]l vPsf P]gx cGtu{ t eP u/]s f ;Dk" 0 f{ sfd
sf/jfxLx o;} P]g cGtu{ t eP u/]s f dflgg]5g\ .
b|i6Jo M s]xL g] kfn sfg' g ;+ zf] wg ug]{ P] g, @)^# n] b] xfosf] zAbsf] ;f b]x fosf] zAb /fvL ?kfGt/0f u/] sf]
5M
>L % sf] ;/sf/ eGg] zAbsf] ;f g] kfn ;/sf/ .
klxnf] ;+zf] w gf/f yk
53
cg';"rL !
-bkmf #, $ / % ;+ u ;DalGwt_
;jf/Lsf] juL{s/0f
v08 -s_
7" nf] ;jf/L -bkmf # ;+ u ;DalGwt_ M
a;, 6 s , 6 ofS6/, bdsn, 8f] h/, nf] 8/, 8Dkm/, qm]g, /f] n/ cflb .
v08 -v_
df} nf ;jf/L - bkmf $ ;+ u ;DalGwt_M
ldlga;, ldlg6 s, hLk, kLsck, Eofg, qm] g, 6ofS6/, /f] n/ cflb .
v08 -u_
;fgf] ;jf/L -bkmf % ;+ u ;DalGwt_ M
sf/, hLk, Eofg, lksck, df]6/ ;fOsn, :s" 6/, 6]D kf] , kfj/ l6n/ cflb .
54
cg';"rL @
-bkmf ^, &, *, (, !) / !! ;+ u ;DalGwt_
;jf/Lsf] Kn]6
v08 -s_
;fj{ hlgs ;jf/L -bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;+ u ;DalGwt_ M
sfnf] Kn] 6df ;] tf] cIf/ / cdf x'g'kg]{ 5 .
t/ ca pk| fGt afudtL c~rnleq btf{ u/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] rqmky /
rqmky aflx/ ef8fdf rnfOg] 6] K kf] / dfOqmf]a;sf] gDa/ Kn] 6 ;] tf] Kn] 6df sfnf]
cIf/ / cdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
v08
v08 -v_
ko{ 6s ;jf/L -bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;+ u ;DalGwt_ M
xl/of] Kn] 6df ;]tf] cIf/ / cdf x'g' kg]{ 5 .
v08 -u_
lghL ;jf/L -bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;+ u ;DalGwt_
/ftf] Kn] 6df ;] tf] cIf/ / cdf x'g' kg]{ 5 .
v08 -3_
;/sf/L ;jf/L -bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;+ u ;DalGwt_
;] tf] Kn] 6df /ftf] cIf/ / cdf x'g' kg]{ 5 .
v08 -_
;+ ul7t ;+: yf jf ;+ : yfgsf] ;jf/L -bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;+ u ;DalGwt_
kx]F nf] Kn] 6df gLnf] cIf/ / cdf x'g' kg]{5 .
v08 -r_
s" 6gLlts ;jf/L -bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;+ u ;DalGwt_ M
gLnf] Kn] 6df ;] tf] cIf/ / cdf x' g' kg]{5 .
ldlt @)%^.^.# ut]s f] g] kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;" rgff/f cg' ;" rLg} x]/km] / .
ldlt @)%&.&.# ut]s f] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;" rgff/f k| ltaGwfTds jfSof+z yk .
55
b|i6Jo M
!=
k| wfgdGqL, k| wfgGofofwLz, k|l tlglw ;efsf ;efd' v, /fli6o ;efsf cWoIf /

dlGqkl/ifb\ sf ;b:ox? r9\g] ;/sf/L ;jf/Lsf] gDa/ Kn] 6sf] dflyNnf] cfwf efu /
tNnf] cfwf efu gLnf] /+ usf] k[i7e"l ddf ;] tf] cIf/ / c x'g' kg]{5 .
@=
;a} lsl;dsf 7" nf tyf df} nf ;jf/Lx?sf] gDa/ Kn] 6sf] ;fO{ h !$ * ;fgf
;jf/L dWo] rf/kfu|]s f] gDa/Kn] 6sf] ;fOh !@ & tLgkfu|] 6]D kf] cflbsf]
gDj/Kn] 6sf] ;fOh !) & / b'O{ kfu|] df] 6/ ;fOsn, :s' 6/ cflbsf]
gDj/Kn] 6sf] ;fOh * % x' g' kg]{5 .
#=
gDa/Kn] 6df n]l vg] cIf/ / c 7" nf tyf df} nf ;jf/Lx?sf] Kn] 6df slDtdf #
OGr cUnf] / !@ OGr df] 6f] , ;fgf] ;jf/Ldf rf/kfu|] tyf tLgkfu|] 6]D kf] cflbsf]
@ OGr cUnf] / !@ OGr df] 6f] / df] 6/;fOsn, :s' 6/ cflbsf] @ OGr cUnf] / #*
df] 6f] x' g' kg]{5 .
$=
gDa/Kn] 6sf] rf/}lt/ !@ OGr -df] 6/ ;fOsn, :s' 6/ cflbsf] Kn] 6df !$ OGr
5f8] / c / cIf/ n] Vg' kg]{5 . c / cIf/sf] aLrsf] b" /L slDtdf klg !$ OGr
tyf tNnf] / dflyNnf] nfOgsf] b" / L slDtdf !@ OGr klg x'g' kg]{5 .
56
cg';"rL
L#
-bkmf !^ ;+ u ;DalGwt_
;jf/L btf{ k|df0fkqsf] 9fFrf

g]kfn ;/sf/
lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft dGqfno
oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu
======== oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no
;jf/L btf{ g+= M
;jf/Lsf] lsl;d M
btf{ ldlt M
;jf/L wgLsf] gfd, y/ M
jtg M
;jf/L wgLsf] x:tfIf/ M ===
clws[ tsf] ;xL M ===
;jf/L wgLsf]
kmf] 6f]
btf{ ug]{ clwsf/Lsf]

x:tfIf/ M
ldlt M
gfd;f/L ePsf] ldlt === ===

;jf/L wgLsf]
kmf]6f]
;jf/L wgLsf] gfd, y/, jtg M=== === ===

=== === ==== ==== ==== === === === === === ===
gfd;f/L ug]{ clwsf/Lsf]
x:tfIf/M
57
k|df0fkqsf] gjLs/0f
gjLs/0f u/]sf] ldlt
gjLs/0f Dofb k'Ug]
gjLs/0f ug]{ clwsf/Lsf]
ldlt
;xL
;jf/Lsf] lj:t[ t ljj/0f M

!=
sDkgLsf] gfd M
@=
;jf/Lsf] df] 8]n. -;fn_ M
#=
l;ln08/ ;+ Vof M
$=
xif{ kfj/ / l;=l;= M
%=
r]l ;; gDa/ M
^=
OlGhg gDa/ M
&=
;jf/Lsf] / M
*=
;L6 Ifdtf -rfns ;lxt_ M
(=
jhg M
!)= k] 6f]n. l8h] n M

!!= /]l8of], Sof;]6 Kno/, 6]l nkmf]g cflb 5 5} g M
!@= s'g sDkgL jf dflg;af6 v/Lb u/]s f] xf] ;f] sDkgL jf dflg;sf] gfd M
!#= k|o f] uM
!$= rnfpg] If]q M
!%= eG;f/sf] lg:;f M
;jf/L hfFr]sf]
;jf/L hfFr]sf] ldlt
gjLs/0fsf] Dofb k'Ug]

ldlt
s}lkmot
58
hfFRg] clwsf/Lsf]
clwsf/Lsf] ;xL
cg';"rL
L $
-bkmf @! ;+ u ;DalGwt_

oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no
kq;+ VofM
ldltM=== === ===
rnfgL g+=M === === === zfvf=== === ===

k| fKt kq ;+ Vof / ldltM
ljifo M
M c:yfoL gDa/ .
>L === === ===
pko{' Qm ;DaGwdf JolQmkmd{ sDkgLn] o; sfof{ nodf ldlt @) . . df lbPsf] lgj] bg /
;f] ;fy ;+ nUg k| df0fx?sf] cfwf/df lgDg adf]l hd ljj/0f ePsf] ;jf/L tf]l sPsf]
cjlw;Ddsf] lgldQ c:yfoL gDa/ lbOPsf] 5 .
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!@=
!#=
!$=
!%=
;jf/L wgLsf] gfd, y/, jtg M

lbOPsf] c:yfoL gDa/ M
c:yfoL gDa/sf] cjlw M
eG;f/sf] lg:;f M
;jf/L lgdf{ tf M
;jf/Lsf] lsl;d M
l;ln08/ ;+ Vof M
xif{ kfj/ l;=l;=M
r]l;; gDa/ M
OlGhg gDa/ M
;jf/Lsf] / M
;L6 Ifdtf -rfns ;lxt_ M
jhg M
k] 6f]nl8h] n M
;jf/Lsf] k'/ fgf] Kn] 6 gDa/ M
59
cg';"rL %
-bkmf %) ;+ u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
HMG of Nepal
;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq

Driving Licence
gDa/ M
kmf]6f]
Photograph
Number
gfd M
Name
hf/L ldlt M
Dofb ;dfKt ldltM
Date of Issue
Expiry Date
gf=k|=g+=M
/Qm ;d" x M
Ctz. No.
Blood Group
lktfkltsf] gfdM
Father/Husband
7]ufgf M
Adsress
tkfO{nfO{ lgDg adf]lhdsf] ;jf/Lx?sf] rfns cg' dltkq lbOPsf] 5 M

The Holder of this Licence is authorised to drive the following vehicles.
ldlt @)%$.^.^ sf] g] kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;" rgff/f cg';" rLg} x]/km] / .
60
s= df] 6/ ;fOsn, :s' 6/, df] k]8
r= ldlga;, ldlg6 s
F.
Motorcycle, Scooter, Moped
Minibus, Minitruck
v= sf/, lhk, 8]l ne/L Eofg
5= 6s, a;, nx/L
B.
G.
Car, Jeep, Delivery Van
u= 6]Kkf] , c6f]l /S;f

C.
Tempo, Autoricksha
Truck, Bus, Lorry
h= /f] 8/f]n/, 8f]h/

H.
Road Roller, Dozer
3= kfj/ l6n/
= qm]g , bdsn, nf]8/
D.
I.
Crane, Fire brigade, Loader
= 6ofS6/
`=
cGo
E.
J.
Other
Powertillar
Tractor
hf/L ug]{ clwsf/L
;jf/L rfnssf] b:tvt
Issued by
Licence holder's signature
sf/jfO{ Offences
61
cg';"rL ^
-bkmf ^& ;+ u ;DalGwt_
;jf/L kl/rfns cg'dltkq

c= kq= g+=
hf/L ldlt
kmf]6f]
Dofb ;dfKt ldlt
gfdM
gf=k| = k=g+=M
lktf . kltsf] gfdM
7]ufgf M
tkfO{ nfO{ lgDg adf]l hdsf] ;jf/Lx?sf]
kl/rfns cg'dltkq lbOPsf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/
lgdf{0 f tyf oftfoft dGqfno
-s_ a;
=== ===oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{ no
-v_ ldlga;
kf;kf] 6{ g+= M
-u_ 6 s
/ut ;d"x M
;jf/L kl/rfnssf] ;xLM
-@_ 7] ufgf M
-#_ sf/f]j f/sf] d' Vo :yfg M
-$_ ;~rfng ug]{ ;]jfsf] lsl;d M
-%_ wgL;f]b f/;~rfns -d' Vo JolQm_ sf] gfd, y/ / bhf{ M
-^_ 7] ufgf M
=== === ===
=== === ===
-d' Vo JolQmsf] ;xL_

-dxflgb]{zssf] ;xL_
62
7]ufgf M
;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfkssf] b:tvt M
;jf/Lsf] lsl;d M
Ifdtf=== === ;jf/L gDa/ M
r]l;; gDa/ M
gfd;f/L
@)$ . . sf] lgj]bg / ldlt @)$ . . sf] btf{ s f] k|df0fkq cg' ;f/ >L === === === sf] gfdaf6
=== === a:g] >L === === sf] gfpF d f gfd;f/L ul/Psf]5 .
clwsf/Lsf] b:tvt M
ldlt M
Ohfhtkq
jxfn cjlw
Ohfhtkq lbg] jf gjLs/0f ug]{

clwsf/Lsf] b;tvt / ldlt
kfPsf] If] q -af6f]_
63
cg';"rL &
-bkmf && ;+ u ;DalGwt_
-af6f] Ohfhtkqsf] 9fFrf_

g]kfn ;/sf/
oftfoft
= = = = = oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no
Ohfht lbg] clwsf/Lsf]
gfdM
bhf{ M
b:tvtM
ldltM
r]l;;sf] nDafO{M
OlGhg gDa/M
df] 8] n M
;jf/L lgdf{0 f ug]{ sDkgL jf ;+ : yfsf] gfd / 7] ufgfM
a8L tof/ ug]{ sf/vfgfsf] gfd 7] ufgfM
Ohfht kq g+M
;jf/Lsf] lsl;d M
;jf/L wgL jf Joj:yfkssf] gfd M
64
cg';"rL
L*
-bkmf (# ;+ u ;DalGwt_
-oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ cg'dltkqsf] 9fFrf_

g]kfn ;/sf/
kmf] 6f]
btf{ g+ =M
btf{ ldlt M
;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf (# cg' ;f/ b]x fosf] ;] jf
;~rfng ug{ of] cg' dltkq lbOPsf] 5 .
-!_ JolQmkmd{ sDkgLsf] gfd M
65

Nepali Yatayat Act 2049

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;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g , @)$(

@= ;fj{ hlgs vl/b P] g, @)^#

kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; P]g df,

a; la;f}g L eGgfn] ofqLafxs ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Ldf ofqLnfO{ ofqf ug{]

nfdf]af6f] -n 6_ eGgfn] ofqfsf] nflu k|: yfg ug{] :yfgaf6 b'O{ ;o

dWod af6f] -ldl8od 6_ eGgfn] ofqfsf] nflu k| : yfg ug{] :yfgaf6

:yfgLo af6f] eGgfn] ofqfsf] nflu k| : yfg ug{] :yfgaf6 kRrL;

aLdf eGgfn] ;jf/L, ofqL, dfn;fdfg, rfns, kl/rfns, ;'/IffsdL{ ,

Joj:yfks eGgfn] k~hLs[t oftfoft ;]jfdf ;+ nUg ;fj{ hlgs ;jf/LnfO{

6 flkms ;\ s]t eGgfn] k|x/L jf Ps ;jf/L rfnsn] csf{] ;jf/Lsf]

ljefu eGgfn] g] kfn ;/sf/, lgdf{0 f tyf oftfoft dGqfno, oftfoft

l;w} -8fO/]S 6_ ;] jf,

;/sf/L ;jf/L M -!_

k| fKt g] kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;jf/LnfO{ ;/sf/L ;jf/L elgg]5 .

;8sdf rNg ;Sg] ;Ifdtfsf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg{

klxnf] ;+zf]w gf/f ;+z f]lwt .

;jf/Lsf] oflGqs l:yltsf] ;DaGwdf .

;jf/Lsf] nDafO{, rf} 8fO{ , prfO{ , agf} 6 jf :jksf]

;jf/Laf6 x' g ;Sg] k|b"i f0fsf] ;DaGwdf .

;jf/L rnfpg ;lsg] cjlwsf] ;DaGwdf .

klxnf] ;+zf]w gf/f ;+z f]lwt .

hfgsf/L lbg' kg{

clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;"rgf ug{ ;Sg]

k'gM btf{ x'g ;Sg]

;L6 ;+ Vof, :jk, OGhLg jf r]l ;;df kl/jt{g x'g]

u/L ;jf/Ldf x] /km] / ug{ x'Fb}g .

klxnf] ;+zf]w gf/f ;+z f]lwt .

t/ o; pkbkmfn] ;jf/Ldf ;fdfGo kf6{k" hf{ kl/jt{g ug{ s'g} afwf

t/ ;jf/L lgdf{ tf sDkgLn] ;jf/Lsf] agf] 6 ;DaGwdf lgwf{ /0f u/]sf]

lj:t[ t ljj/0f -:k]l ;lkms]zg_ df kl/jt{g ug]{ u/L :jLs[l t lbOg] 5} g .

nfUg] b:t'/sf] krf; k|l tzt b:t'/ lnOg]5 .

;jf/Lsf] cj:yf v/fa eO{ ;f] rnfpFb f ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hLp

;jf/L wgLn] o; P] g adf]l hd k" /f ug{' kg{] s'g} zt{ k"/f

klxnf] ;+zf] w gf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]w gf/f ;+z f]lwt .

7" nf] ;jf/Lsf] lgldQ @! jif{ pd]/ gk' u]sf] JolQm .

/tGwf] ePsf] JolQm, jf

xft v' f zlQmxLg e} sfd lbg g;Sg] ePsf] JolQm .

rfns cg'dltkqsf] nflu b/vf:t

b/vf:tjfnfsf] k/LIf0f M -!_ bkmf $* adf]l hd b/vf:t k/] kl5 b/vf:tjfnf

rfns cg'dltkq lbg] M -!_ bkmf $( adf]l hd

=============== k/LIff lnO{ ;kmn

klxnf] ;+zf] wgf/f llsPsf] .

-#_ adf]l hd rfns cg' dltkq lb+ bf bkmf %! adf]l hd

k/LIf0fsfndf /xg] u/L lbOg]5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]w gf/f ;+z f]lwt .

kl/rfnssf] nflu cof]

c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk' u]sf] ,

;fwf/0f n] vk9 ug{ ghfGg] ,

lg/f]l utfsf] k| df0fkq k] z ug{ g;Sg] .

klxnf] ;+zf] w gf/f yk .

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd btf{ lstfaaf6 nut sf eO{;s]sf] kl/rfns

kl/rfns cg'dltkqsf] k|ltlnlk lbg] M -!_ kl/rfns cg'dltkq x/fPdf jf cGo

klxnf] ;+zf] w gf/f yk .

;fj{ hlgs ;jf/Lsf] wgL jf Joj:yfksn]

;jf/Lsf] hfF rkf; /

btf{ sf] k| df0fkq gjLs/0f .

klxnf] ;+zf]w gf/f ;+z f]lwt .

ax' af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg ;lsg]

af6f] Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg]

kGw| lbgleq To:tf] af6f] Ohfhtkq

gjLs/0f u/fO{ ;Sg' k5{ .