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.dGG dG J b dG YCG IGhGe IOYEG
````````M``e
: ```LEG `j UQG`dG `SG`Z Y `q FdG G`G TQ
q `Y
h AH Iq dBG SGH Tq dG q Y J CG r jo Gd ,QTCG GQhCG EG G q J ``
.`jq dG `g Y IGhG`G Y `qbdGh `N `V
.``T `H `KGG IO`YEGh IGhG`G `b `dG KGM ``
.`G `Ya Y ``af M IGhG`G Y H Y`SCG VG`MCG q Q Y ``
.``fGG jd `JGhG`e `bh `q dG `YCG SG Y ``
: ```dG ```KGG
: `H UN `dG dG VGQCG `j
a (U 100 ` 80) ```Y KG`M `
.dG
jG QeCG hf KEG IOh e KGM `
. VQCG jJh qdG d
: Q```TCG ``SG``Z ` 3
: `dq dG UdG qJEG j ,SGdG q Y E
: `H f Ib Iq SGdG b ` GC
.(Piquetage) q N OJhCG SH SGdG ceCG J `
jdG qJE jRGe J M SCG EG j `
(HZ ` T) H IFdG
H dG ie EG gDe q K dG a G e SGdG M `
.GdGh QdG e
17

e c ba j CG EG LQN qG GdH G D ej 15 `H SGdG bh

.Jq e jQq q K dM VM ebEGh GdG
: `H f SGdG Y `
.SGd J bh q dG ceCG IU M OGYEG `
.IG Vh b H JG M e SdG c dGREG `
T qae EG e T FGhCG e AGHEG H dG QhdG eh ,HdG SGdG GC J
T N dch jaCGh SQe T N
q J dG jq dG jq dG Od GL
.HcCGh S
: `H f ITe SGdG H `
.IMGh q d Gd 50 GH Qq J AG e H GdG
q Q`
: ```SG`dG `````a`c `
SEG e adG g q M (3 * 6) g/IT 555 ac OYG QLCG e
.jJ S 20 - 15 Iq fEG Yeh VQCd aCG
QTCH edG jdG adG g Jh
H QTCG dEG q d dG UN
q
j fEG q J M GPEGh . H
bH dPh QTCG ac e dG
6
J q dG dG KEG Y I T
Y 6 OHCG J Ggh QeCG 3 a OHCG
.QeCG 6
g/IT 416 ac CG Md a ,YCG IQcG dG OY eG FdG ZQh
f fEG J EG Oq CG dG gh .UQGdG QGe SG cCG g (4*6)
.jdG TCH d NdG HUh QTCG dG
: j SGdG q Y Eh
.VQCG ie a J M dG f OQ Y `
.e IG IdG Vh j CG `
FGdG GSdG fc GPEG q bh GSc SEG `
.adG jH J h IU
.SCG AG e Gd 50 q H IdG
q Q`
18

: ````SG`dH ````j`dG ` V

: VQCG `````e`N ` 1
HdG a Iq eh jG a Iq e ,dG
q Jq e VQCG eH dG j
`Y Y U`J q `dGh (Q`Ja``JhQh Q`J`c ,h`c Qac) N BG SH
dBG g SG
q jh .q S J q dG UQGdG QhL L LE U 15 ` 10
.QcEG J fC dG Y a X dG H
.MGh e VY Y hGdH SCG H zQdG{ dG OdG Od GG j
.WQdG dG H q qdG qJEd dH jq OY KGG J dGG dG h
Y HLEG jh ,IG SH jq hj IdG L M jdG TCG J
.QTCG QGgREG

: `````````q dG ` 2
: Me Y UQGdG SGZ q dG q Y q J
q SSCG q FGdG UdH HdG AGKEG EG jh SSCG q dG gh SGdG b *
.LG Y dG HSEGh jdG q Y d gGe aq dGh
q c LQEG EG jh jdG J hCG dG
q q dG gh SGdG H *
e HdG dHh SGdG h
q QdG jd HdG e LG UdG
.HN Y aG
: ```SSCG q dG ` CG
KGH dG b MG ec Y hCG SGd IG G SSCG q dG j
.SGdG SCG Y J G e h ,dG
19

: IG SSCG dG q dG
q dGh HdG (Matire organique) jq dG IOq G ie aQ EG q dG Gg j
.VQCG HN eq g GQhO J
fh Hq dG cJ Y OYEH VQCG EG J LGdG q G QdG q c
r oJ
: jq dG IOq d FGMEG
GdH Nh ,zQdG{ dG OdG e c 30 EG 15 J : eq dG VGQCG *
b q bCG Y GT Sh eOQ j q K ,iNCG q fG ISCG q H e IG QN
.SGdG
q fG ISCH Nh dG OdG e c 40 EG 20 J : qdG VGQCG *
.HdG
q jdG H
: ```fG ``SSCG ``q dG
UdG e JGNq e aq d HdG Y SSCG ISCG c j Jj
ec Y dG jW OYGh ddG Z IQU h .SWdGh dG : q SSCG
: ddG dG J G S Y ,MG
%48 SWdG S %45 dG QHS

VGQCG `Yf

g/c

g/c

200

445

qedG VGQCG

600

665

qdG VGQCG

e q d c 1^5 EG c 1 H a SGd Iq G G q d dH eq GC
b GT dPh IM q c fdG S e 50h SWdG Sh dG HS
eOQ j q K ,G QN Gq dGh QdG e Gq L q dG g r oJ .bCG Y SGdG
.Sh
: `JhRBG O``dG
q
SSCG J EG Ve Jh Q H IG IjG SG dG
JhRBG IMh 100 EG VGMCH q d Gh dG VGQCG h .hRBH
S hCG jQhCG T QdH IOLG G OY Y dG g Jh QdG
.feCG hCG feCG
20

: ```fEG ``Me ``q dG `

q dGh Hq dG IOLG jq GdG UdG q c jd jdG OS q jo

.QqdG jJh G d
q dSEG
e J LG g qCG fJ UQGdG GfCG fl GQhCG d XCG bh
G ch fEG Mh HdG Yf M q gCG Jhe H NBG EG f
ac q dG hH q G ISCG q c QYG qfCG Y ,dG e JCG
.fEG e je Kd eRdG LG q d
Q`dG `jdh `G q `d `eRqdG `LG

%48 SWdG S

(g/c)
280

420
520

%33 `feCG

%45 a

(g/c)

(g/c)

45

300

85

605

65

455

````fEG
(g/ W)
20

30

40

jJ j UeEd Hb T ISCG q c Y qdG SGdG J

dh
q
dG LGG qc aeh da f Y q dG H eRdG aVEG dG
.(qFjah qLdHh qFc Y) YV qJ CG
e ,ddG q dG Y OYEG ,ISCd qYdG f jJ Y dM h
.eCG Lh EG dG jJh SGdG dMh fEG QJ
q He IQhV

21

%48 SWdG S

(g/c)
70-50

90-70

140-100

180-140

280-200

: I`jG `SGd `dG `q dG

%45

%33 feCG

a QHS
(g/c)

(g/c)

SGdG Y

40-25

180-120

65-55

240-180

fdG dG

360-300

HGdG dG

55-40

210-150

85-65

300-240

110-85

hCG dG

ddG dG

eG dG

: `````M`e
dG OdG J Y QbEG SGdG e hCG GS G N ,G dG f OYEG Y
: dG dG qJG qa VGMCG jW Y qjJ qdG c GPEG qeCG .a SCG ie
.S qc dG Me Y qRoJ h QdG QTCG OY M dG OdG
q e W 40 `` 30 J
.dG OdG
q e hdH S qc NCG Oc dSGh G dG YGQR

: `SOdG
q `dG e `jGH `G `SGdG `J `
Yf QYEG e QdG G fEG M G jdG
q ISCG q c Qq J
: q dG dG Y dG jWh dG
q Gah dG M jRJ j c HdG
e b f Y qdGh qFGdG UdG e IdG qedG VGQCG ` 1
: ddG ISCG q c J j ,UN jdG OGG eh (%2 e bCG) G
: `Y OS J Y dM `
%48 SWdG S

(g/c)
360

550

720

%45

%33 feCG

a QHS
(g/c)
53

(g/c)

````fEG
g/W

909

30

606

80

111

1212

22

20

40

%48 SWdG S

(g/c)

: NCG OdG hCG QdG e QdG W 20 J dM `

%45

360

55

550

720

%48 SWdG S

(g/c)

110

(g/c)

````fEG
g/W

755

30

20

1060

40

: dq dG q dG J j ,jq Gh qdG VGQCG ` 2

: Y OS J Y dM `

%45

%33 feCG

dG QHS
(g/)

(g/c)

````fEG
g/W

815

30

545

85

800

%48 SWdG S

(g/c)
455

80

540

1100

%33 feCG

dG QHS
(g/c)

135

175

20

1090

40

: NCG OdG hCG QdG e QdG W 20 J dM `

%45

540

%33 feCG

dG QHS
(g/c)
85

800

````fEG
g/W

695

30

20

425

130

1100

(g/c)

770

965

40

: fl ef M ISCG g jRJ j G L `
jRJ j ,(GQhCG Ia q YGQdG aG qJG hH) OdG dG : hCq G dG
: ddG jFG dG M ISCd jq dG q dG
: dG M jq OdG ISCG jRJ `
(%)

``````dG

(%)

````H````dG

(%)

A``````dG jRdG `f

20

40

40

50
40

25
40

25
100
20
23

I````SCG

```feCG
`q `jQdG UQG`d
feCG
INCG UQGd
``dG QHS
SWdG S

JH ISCG jRJ j GQhCG Ia qYGQdG aG OYG Y : dG dG

: dqdG dG
(%) ````dG

(%) `H````dG

(%)

: dG M qjOdG ISCG jRJ `

A```dG

60

40

10
40

60
40

30
100
20

jRdG f
(%33)

I``SCG

feCG
jq QdG UQGd
(%33) feCG
INCG UQGd
(%45) ``dG QHS
(%48) SWdG S

: ``````Me
: q WhRCG ISCG d e Ga 3 ``LJ ` 1
.(jdG) YGdG fEG b HSCG 4 hCG 3 *
.QgRCG Y H *
.HdG
q L e AfEG Y *
.Y G
fEG Mh jG ddG M ISCG c jJ jS j ` 2
q
: `VG q ```dH `q dG ` O
HdG jq OdG q dG f J j VG q dH q dG efH OYG Y
j e dG IY dG gQ Y H
M j J j CG Y , dG
:ddG UdG

e %20 J : (%33) feCd dH `

Z f fc GPEG ,VGQCG q d q dG
.Je VG q dH HdG
.OdG q dG H UG jq OdG q dG f J : d dH `
.a q edG VGQCG q dG e%20 J : SWd dH `
24

: ddG q dG MGe M jFG q dH dG c jRJ j

%48 S`WdG `S

10

10

20
20

440

%33 ``f`eCG

%45 ``a QHS

45

50

AT

15

25

10

AT
25

25

``MG`G
q``LdjdG

2 EG `G ``JEG `H

YGdG fEG b HSCG

YGdG fEG Y
QgREGh
QgRCG ``Y H
LdjdG dG b
Qd
QqdG f e jGH
(jG)

: `VG q `dH qdG `M eg UJ

: j c q dG e qFGdG UdG cJ J CG G e ` 1
AG e /e 600 EG 450 e : feCG *
AG e /e 220 EG 110 e : a QHS *
AG e /e 400 EG 300 e : SWdG S *
.Iq e q dG GQhO qc J CG QhdG e d ` 2
q dG e VM LQO J CG G e ` 3
.HqdG G f M dPh 6^5h 6 H e (pH)
Y jG q dG idG MG J CG ` 4
.UQGdG qYfh TJ ISCG
GPh G e IdG eq dG VGQCG QSdG eG SEG LEG ` 5
dG) %16 dG QHS J dG g q jh .LQO 7 hO V M
.AdG
q IMGh Iq e QTCG U Oc (IdGh qjfdG qFGdG UdH
,q dG qY jGH e bO 30 EG 15 H q dG `e `a d``dG ISCG aVEG j ` 6
.qFG IQhq dG jf e bO 15 b J qbjh

25

: ```bQdG ``qdG ` `g
FG dG hCG HqdG d q e QYEH bQdG qdG EG Aq dG j
: dqdG G
qJ qdG R#Gh fdG e IQOqdG UdH jqdG f VGYCG QX
cCG e GQhCG TQ
q j dG g .GQhCG M hCG d qJ VGYCG
UdG e OY Y j q dG e EG j hCG R#G Sh fdG
.(Oligo-lments) jqG IQOqdG
S hCG SWdG Gf SG dd h SWdG IOq e f VGYCG QX
.QqdG f Y SWdG
b dPh jQdG hCG feCG SG M hRCG IOq e f VGYCG QX
.QqdG f jGH Y hCG GL T QgRCd LdjdG dG
: q ```````````dG ` 3
QeCG d dPh fOH UQGdG QKEGh d M IQhV UQGdG Q j
cSG cCG IdG g Jh .HcCG EG jaCG e ,dG e jW Ia N
d G LG e %80 GH HG dG dN QJ M q dG
.fEG We d dH jL T N IOY j gbCG CG Y ,UQGdG

dG GQdGh GQfG cCG gh VGMCG : jdG iMEG OYH UQGdG J

G CG Y ,KG H UN WQdG jdG N Xe bEG T
.VGMCH
q dG f dGRe dG
26

: ```F`G ``LG ` GC
: ddG dOG OYH d FG Ld G SG MG

( Kc ) YGQdG QdG 10x () LG dG = (g/ 3) FG LG

(g/ 3) UQGd idG FG LG

`G jO af HcCG S

hCG

jL G``L ````e ``jaCG SQ``e a fL

bEG

9200 275 350 635 1030 1358 1547 1210 950 690 525 350 280
10415 290 430 660 1030 1470 1680 1380 1130 875 635 500 335
8315 260 320 570 820 1200 1390 1230 1000 630 445 240 210

HdG dG
``SdG
bdG dG

,W UYh Ne GTDe IY EG GOSG j : LG dG

: dG hG Y OYEG jdG fl Md h
`feh Gh`dGh LH ()LG q dG
`G jO af HcCG S hCG jL G``L ````e ``jaCG SQ``e a fL

1304
1488
1214

38

50

91

140 194 221 173 136

96

75

50

40

HZ T

41
63

61
46

94
82

147 210 240 197 162 125

117 172 198 176 144 90

91
62

72
34

48

````Sh

30

bT T

YGQdGh jZCd dG G e M 0^7 = ( Kc ) YGQdG QdG

H NCG ,dG Ia N UQGd FG LG UH bdG jh

dG jd (Couverture du sol) "Cs" VQCd J fh QTCG Y QYEG
: dG hH e g c gaJ LGdG
27

dG W``dH UQG`d F`G ````SEG

Cs = 70%

Cs = 50%

3 /Q`````TC`d ```F`G ``````SEG

180
200
250
275
300
335
360
390
410
420
440
470
440
390
370
360
320
280

6120

170
190
230
250
280
310
340
360
380
390
410
430
400
360
340
330
300
280

Cs = 30%

`````j````dG

130
145
175
190
210
235
250
270
285
295
310
325
300
270
255
245
230
220

5750

````dG I``a

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

4340

``j``aCG
```e
G`L
`jL
hCG
`S
G

: VG````````MCH ````````dG `
: ddG WMEG H NCG j VGMCH dG Yd
,SG jGH VGMCG M `
H O d LhOG VGMCG SG `
,jdG VGeCG
jE SEG hCG SH bGS SG `
,VGMCG EG AG
.ShQe GQhO Mh de c AYEG `
: q ``````dG ``dh``L
e NH dG WdG H dH UQGb FG GQhdG J
: dG hH qe g c HdG Yf NH jCGh gh
q IdG
: HdG Yf M qjQ H UdG IG hCG UQGdG d dG IQhdG `
````HcCG

`````S

hCG

``jL

G````L

````e

`jaCG

SQ```e

16
25
```

11
15
21

9
13
17

8
11
15

10
14
18

11
17
23

17
26
30

20
30
```

28

`eQ HJ
`Se HJ
`W HJ

M fH jQ a dG QTCd dH eCG
Gd .YH fEG QW NJh g J
QTCG d W dG VGMCG Me J j
.SOdG dG e jGH dG ec J CG EG
Y VY Hq G VGMCG SG j
jh .fe gOGYEG feE Ij G
VQCH d 50 e jGH eRdG dG dG hG
.SOdG dG K VQCH d 1900 EG hCG dG N
VGMCG qQ f dG M VGMCG OHCGh AG c
dH VG AG c
K hCG Se VQCG
````eQ VQCG
50
80
200
320
450
720
800
1280
1200
1900

V````G O`````HCG

Q````TCG ```Y
Sh S
GS 3
GS 4
GS5
cCGh GS 6

1*1
2*2
3*3
4*4
6*4

: ````dG ```d jG `dG `

(Tensiomtre)JefdH dG J W iMEG SG j fCG QdG KCG
dG dG SdG jh .G hGG SG Y IOjR HdG Vj dGh
Y SdG j M .U 60 h 30 Y Y JefdH Q Y d e
80
.ddG UQGdG M Q d bCG c QU 40 MG e GPEG jdG
70

30 cm

Tension (cb)

60

60 cm
I or P

50

Irrigation ou pluies

40
30
20
10

0
10/03/02 10/04/02 10/05/02 10/06/02 10/07/02 10/08/02 10/09/02 10/10/02 10/11/02

.dG WdG H JedG OYH de JH M Q d H Sd e

29

: I````b ` I````b hCG ``V`G ```dG ` O

dG jdG H J dG GQdG Y J
jRJ MCG Jh Id G LG J
GdG Y CG Y ,QhG c M dG d
.eg jH Je J
UN QYEG H NCJ Q d e J ` 1
GQ`d eG G J M dG Th HdG
.dG jRJ M Y KDj M H G `bCG `dG iJ h `fRGe
Gh adGh dG ,Id G LG M jRdGh dG dhL ` 2
.d NG
: `````M`e
dG UN QYEG H NCJ a SGQO Y OYEH gcJ Y j ,dG T Y d

: `dG `M ```dG `dhL

e bfEG Ib ` IdG f dG WdG UQGdG Q dhL
G dEG UJ dG QdG Ff Y OYEHh G FG LG
.YQGG H id HdGh Gh jdG SdG d WdG
..UQGdG Q Ga jY N eRdG q dG YS OY dG hG jh
ddG UQGd FG LG d eRdG jdH dG YS OY
G```L
jL
```e
jaCG ``````dG
`S
hCG
```j`dG
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
31
24
15 GQb
37
38
31
12 G 2,3
34
26
17
39
34
28
Dha = 27,6
36
29
22
41
32
25
43
33
22 GPGPQ
51
52
41
46
36
24
53
47
38
Dha = 20
GQb
49
40
30
56
44
34
DDha

30

= (dbit/arbre/heure) YS/IT/ d ` FG adG

GG

= (Goutteurs) GQdG
Atomiseurs = GPGPdG

: ``G `M `dG ``dhL

dGh idG IQGG TDe SG Y q dG d IG jdG g JJ
ac e eRBdG G aJ Jh .G ITe dG W e b
.YdH MGdG QdG aJh IT d GQdG OYh H QTCG
j/dG Ie

bO

(c ) IQGG

: dG WdG H UQGb e
W : U

YS

IQGG Se

g/IT 416 adG

S 15 : QTCG Y
%70 VQCG J f
eQ : HdG Yf
Ib/Ib : `dG f
IT/12 : GQdG OY
YS/ 4 : Qqb/aJ

: i`dG IQG``G M ```dG YS O`Y

LQO 22 idG IQGG fc GPEG IMGh YS `
.LQO 35 IQGG H GPEG YS `
.LQO 40 IQGG H GPEG YS 3 `

: `````a ```U`J `
h dG Ia UNh 15 h 5 H e N QeCG c bJ j `
KEG dPh QhG ie Y eCG JQG G dG SHh GQdG f
g dG UG j Gd ,G IdG ie Y cGG eCG HhP
.QhG e e eCG OHEG M hdG
QTCG H j Gd ,dG J j M dG f SGd j CG j `
YCG Y AdG dc ...ULEG ,jY e UQGdG QTCG H ILGG IG
.QdG H G YGQdG LGh bdG AG V e Gh dG
Gh ddG QTCd dH GQdH dH VGMCG Q f GSG dM `
:ddG WMEG NCG j dG
dG dHh VQCG e f cCG J j GQb f QNG
.VGMCH dG f fG jQG
.dG Se N HLGh AdG a N dG H dG
N jQJ MWh hCG dG N QTCd FG Ld %10 IOjR
.dGG dG
31

: `````````dG ` 4
dGh VQCG eN e UQGdG SGH jdG TCG bd qe Y g dG
.fEd eOh dY jOhOe Y d dPh IGhGGh qdGh
: ````jdG `J ` CG
ZCG 4 EG 3h U 80 dW iq j b L Y G EG jqdG IHR J
.
q hoc T Y fH YRq e qjb qFQ
qdG ZCG e Gc GOY UQGdG GT J SGdG J qdG dG N
Y a Ze dG ZCG jf b
q e QhG qjd Y aG j
CG Y ,H a IdG g S
qdG qFq dG ZCG QNEG H dPh MGe
q
j c .qJEG f hCG dG
q Y G f e LQN ZCG g J
e qdG dch (Taille en vert) dG
W U dG IdG ZCG b
q
q
.J e YS dG ''QCG'' UCG ZCG
````ZCG ```jf ``W
```YdG ``dG jf ``b
G b H ``` ```dG
() FdG

(``) dG jf b

hCG Z QNEG j qfdG dG

q N
e Z q c Y q Y a ZCG K K
dG
q jJ bh qdG qFdG ZCG
qYdG ZCG bH jf bh
VG
q
g b
q j A dG a N .i NCG
a IT L
F f q M MGe Y ZCG
qdG g qEa UQdG hCG Nq C G JdG UC dH qeCG .(LCdH j e)
.dG
q a N qJ
J q M gQNEG
q q dG ZCG jf b
q j dGG GdG N
ZCG W j eYh q W IQH g
YdG dG
jf dch Jjf H
f U 80 EG 60 q Fq dG
q
.ba IOLG q YdG ZCG
IjG ZCG e c OY H q dG g J
LJ LJh Y a`dG j q dG IdG Y
`G
FdG e IdG q q M aGWCG bh
M
q
e a ZG Z ZCd dH eq CG .Iq G
q
.q Ff b
YdG ZCG ie VdG b
q a ,IdG jo qdG VdG
q
YdG dG
32

```````M``e
j Gd ,G fEG dNO NCJh IdG VEG jdG Ia N ZCG b
q q j
ZCG g Od dPh ,Ff b
q
q b dG N IQq e IQH ZCG g jf b
jq fdG q dG ZCG M Y
: `fEG Q`W `dG `
IdG e jJ EG fEG IHR J
.fRGeh e fEG j q M FJh
: UQG``dG ``UN
b eGMEG j IjY UN UQGd
: e cf ,dG hdG
.dG
ceCGh IdG ZCG jf Y J dG IjG ZCG J
q
IjL ZCH ,fEG qbh V Y j CGH q dG edG ZCG jJ
.SCG IOLe J
be Lh GPEG eq CG ,bh bCG (dG) IdG NGO jq OY j Z q c b
QTC dH jJ hCG GdG ie Y jf b
q e H MEG a Ga q S
.hCq G gQX e g
jh .dG
q W a Ze dG (HCG) ZCG H
q
&jdGh dGOG e UQGdG QTCG H Y J dG ZCG J
. FL qb Y VY UQdGh dGh
: ``dG ``qc
J qj qdG qdG QTCG iYe AdG
q a UQGdG QTCG J qj
RGJh Ib
q `e `dH q``dG edG j qdG hdG b .dG a
: qddG YGdG JH j qK ,IjG ZCG Iah qG IdG
Jh GOq M J dG QTCG J ``
IOq G IHdG qCG PEG ,N J qjdG QTCG
.dG QTCG id Je LfEG IOq Y J
GPEG UN
IdG NGO Ga GMEG LEG ``
q
.LdG jdG Z q S MEG c
ZCGh fe d qdG HCG M ``
.zbdG{ J e jGh qGh qcG
33

```````M``e
q a IdG
q Se
q ZCG QX eq CG ,Gq L IOq M fc IHdG qCG Y q j ''HCG'' Ic QX
q Ve IHdG qCG Y
: `HdG `T Y `dG `
ILGGh ,H e jb QTCG a J dG SGdG jdG g J
EG dG e q e Gq a q dG g qJh .dG WdG e IH
q ddG G Y dG j H 1^50 VY QTCG U H dG
.QTCG NGO EG dG
q UH jdG g Jh .dG d q HG Gh
IOLh fEG h
jL e NGq dG ZCG GG g a Y jh
q
.QdG
````T
`````T

``````L
````Z

``HdG ``J `H
GQhCG h
q IAe U
jL e dG ZCG Y

```HdG `J `b
Jh QTCG ZCG HJ
dG ZCG iq Jh dG

34

: ``dG ``J ` O
dPh ,UN q dc VGeCG e dGh q G SGdG jdG g J
qEG j H q dG ZCd hCq G HdG a LJ q dG ZCG q c H
.IdG ZCG e Y
q G jdG H q dG ZCG a J q dG IjG ZCG eoJ CG jh
Y UG e IjL q FQ ZCG Y G q j CG EG jdG H dG Y
.UQGdG GQhCG IaM e UN jM
: I```HdG H `jdG ` `g
:`c qdGh qdG e IO e IdG U
q Nh dG ceCG J
.gZ hCG ''fdG'' hCG ''SG''
IT EG je IT e QhG Y UN
aG dG GhOCG q c Z
q
Me NBG EG HG QTCG J QhdG eh .VG QfEG d dPh S
.dG e
.bMh Hq EG b
q bh q dG ZCG q c GNEG
.H G W
.GQhCG IaM e ZCG jM
: `dG QTCq G Y ''qdG'' eM IOq `e `SEG
dG M e QTCG H jdG e ZdG Y V IOY dG fEG j
.QdG Y q dG EG dP Ljh ,IGhGGh q dGh
QTCG QgRCG Y (Acide Gibberellique) `qdG `eM TQ
q j `fEG dh
100 GZ 01 q H dGh QgREG Ja N GS 5 Y gY j q dG dG
q
Gf SGZ J HH ahG dG UCG d dH eCG .AG e d
''qdG'' eM e AG e 100/ 4 SG a QdG Y OdG d
.QdG Y jGH Ia
```````M``e
qdG OGG MCG SEG Y G e d 100 3U 40 QG`H U IOe aVEG j
''qdG'' e`M Y
35

: UQG````dG `````aBGh VG```eCG ` VI

dG VM GH hCG/h fJ IOLG VGeCG Y UN cdG S
.UQGdG SGd ihY Qe J b dGh SG HCG

: (Virus) `q `ShdG VG``eCG ` 1

: (Psorose) A```HdG Sh```a ` CG
G GdG e VG Gg jh ,G
dG SH ''AHdG'' Sha j
q
.fJ e UQGd
: ````e``dG VG````YCG
h HG QTCG hL Yh jG GdG
q GQhCG Y ShdG Gg VGYCG J
.'''' h ''CG'' eg dS gh .ShdG dS M QdG Y MCG H
dG
q AKCG Ib Ia jG GQhCG Y VGYCG J ''CG'' ShdG dd dH
hdG H e Zh dhe AGU IU Me H
q Jh HdG
.(feuille de chne) dG bQh T Y bQd jfdG
Y q H YJGh Y OGOJ b GH QH CGa hdGh G Y VGYCG eCG
Y VG VGYC dH .dG q H q U GRGaEG GdG g e Jh ,IdG
W q S Y IQY a G
q J e dZh ,dG
Nq C J Y j G
q
Qhe Jh G YhCG dG g
.Xh jOCJ Y IdG J dHh IQdG
H Y VGh H dG Y ''AHdG'' J
eY G H h ,S 15 EG 10 IdG
Ea ,('''' dS) Iq M q TCG ShdG dS J
dG GdG Jh SCG j VGYCG QX
T QdG Y VGYCG J c .W qJ Mjh jCG jfdG hdG Y
.S jhH Wfi IdG Y M H
: ``eheh Sh``dG ``fG c
dd dG jW Y j EGh
q M bf CH W j ShdG Gg EG
.S QTCG e W GSH e jbdG
36

: (Tristeza) G``jdG Sh```a `

IjY aOGe ShdG Gg j dG Vd
,dG dG e QgJ ,jdG QgdG e
aVEH ,q d LdG G ,dG qJ Ve
Gd FdG SEG gh UQGdG G jJ EG
.d q G ShdG SEG OYG
q eh VG
dG GH e jdG VG Gg LG j
Zh ...djEG ,fSEG e S
q G HCG
.fOH OLe
: ```e``dG VG````YCG
M Uh GQhCG QGUG ,(stem pitting) dG G qJ ,q dG VGYCG J
e qK ,QgdG VGYCG J c .UQGdG UCG fl YT cCG QdG
a Y VGYCG CGJ bh .QCG UCG Y UN q G UCd dH QTCG
EG dG IYb e CGjh YH j a GQhCG S eCG .hdG H J K MGh
.e jQY hdG J M b
e e fl VGYCG J ''GjJ'' Sha e IOq e S g Ea IQTEdh
QgREG EG HG QTCG .Je dHh HG QTCd jS GQgJ qj
dG G d
dH Gc QdG OY dH jh VG jGH IH
q
.QgdG QW dP jh
: ``eheh Sh``dG ``fG `c
Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola,)
q G GM SGH dch dH ShdG Gg j
q M EG j dGh ''Toxoptera citricidus'' g ac cCG q G CG EG ,(Toxoptera aurantii
.fJ dP SG
HCG dG GH ZCG BG
q
SM
q j dG QCG UCG GSG a ShdG Gg e jbd G jdG eCG
.(c35,Carrizo et Troyer) dG e he UCH HUEd Gq L

37

: (Panachure infectieuse frisole) G `bdGh q dG Sh```a `

ee j Oj gh UQGdG Y Jh dY eCG Sha hCG ShdG Gg j
.dM
: ```e`````dG VG`````YCG
,G JdG QKh GQhCG Y VGh VGYCG QX EG Oq DJ ShdG GH HUEG EG
CG hH GQhCG Gq ShdG e G dG qJ .dGh QCG ,fdG
bH He Gq J a IjdG dG eCG ,M Y VGh KCJ
fNh QdG M f d dH j NBG dG CG c ,GQhCG
.dG
H e IdG S
q
: ``eheh Sh``dG ``fG `c
.dH j c ,dG JdG e OY EG fe ShdG Gg j
G QTCG Y GOhfi KCJ j c .M bf CG BG q M EG d j
e W GSH e jbdG h ,QTCG g J dG ShdH fQe
.S QTCG

: (Virodes) `q `jjhdG VG``eCG ` 2

: (Exocortis) (CEVd) `JQchcG hCG UQG`dG `b qJ jha ` CG
Ea ,dM e jhdG G H HUEG f CG ZQ
j dG QCG UCG SG f dPh VGh Z VGYCG
.ehe UCG cCG
(citrange) d c S G UCG G SG Y eCG
GH H G g c (Poncirus trifoliata) djdGh
SG
q UCG M Iq M cCGh VGh J VGYCG Ea ,SG HCG dG
.G

: `````e`dG VG`````YCG
dG fG j ,UCG Y dW qJ QX VGYCG g
q J
Y q J e cGJh dG e b c Jh .NGdG dG Y d LQG
,q dH HUEG KCJ e q S dM J dh QTCG e GQOfh . IdG
.(Phytophtora spp) jdG VGeCd VY J c
38

: (Cachexie-Xyloporose) (CVdII) Tc hCG `G `qJ jha `

.UQGd G S
q G GdG IH jhdG Gg j
he UCc QCG SG e ZdHh ''Exocortis'' jhd aNh
dGh dG Y VGh TdG VGYCG CG EG Gjhd
.jhdG Gd Gq L SM
q aUCG J fC
: `````e`dG VG`````YCG
JdG Mh dG hCG dG QTCG Y VGh q J VGYCG
q J
.(Macrophylla) ahcc SM
q UCG Y q e c GPEG dG
jhdG Gg qjh .Iq eh IU h GQhCG M Y HUEG qKDJ c
j VG SHh .GQhCG e AL S e jqG dGh QgREG IgX
GAf QX e dG b Jh
q U SJ
q j
q c ,hdG GWCG q
.G f f Hj NGdG dG
j ,QG dGh G dG
HGV f IdG q J Ea eYh
q
eY UN IQN cCG HUEG Jh QgRCG Ic ZQ fEG g VfG
.SG dG e UCGh dG j
: i`````NCG G``jh``a `
''CBLVd '' d G bQdG jha e UQGdG J iNCG Gjha g
.''CVd-IV'' G jhah ''CVd-III'' G jhah ''CVd-I'' hCG
HG IdG e dZh ,UQGdG M IH IOLe GjhdG gh
fEG VfGh QTCG q J EG GjhdG g Oq DJh .jha e cCG Y
.SG UCG SG Y UN
: ``eheh jh``dG ``fG `c
GhOCG SGH dG QTCG EG HG QTCG e fe GjhdG J
j h .He W GSG Y dH jCG ihdG J c .IHdGh dG
.VGeCG d M bf CG BG q
dG GhOCG Jh S W QOe fH f GjhdG g OJ h
.aG A IHdGh

39

: (Maladies virus similaires) ``Sh```dH `dG VG``eCG ` 3

EG j d ,jObG SfG dh UQGdG J dG VGeCG e jdG g
.VGeCG d q G Y BG q M
: (Impictratura) Q`````qdG ````q` V``e ` CG
U Je H T QdG Y VG VGYCG J
U L T h I d LQG dG Y
QdH fQe Hq dG hCG dG EG IdG M qjh .IdH
dG dG qJ fq Jh f jGH Yh .dG
e ''dG''h ''ddG''h fdG QTCG Jh ,AGN
.VG Gd SG UCG
: (Concave-gum) I```q G dG ``G V``e `
g jJ S Ljh .OdG dH Ie Gq J IdG hah L Y J
e Rj Gq dG g T J bh .SCG G
q b EG Gq dG
IjdG LQdH d dh dH
C b d q FYdG G H CG c .U
HUEG Iq T e dh H QTCG Y QdG j e IOYh .AHdG q J dG
.h QTCG J

: (Blind-pocket) A`dG `dG ``G V``e `

H VfG hCG dW L dG Y J
VGYCG e G g HJh .dG hCG G
VCGh Y cCG fCG Z Iq G G Ve
.f
dG J J GH q J G H h
q J dG g h AH dG Sha fq j
AdG Gh Iq G G Ve LGj e Gch .G fGH U
.fOH G g c dG G UN HUEG Jh ,IdG f Y
: `ehG ``Wh ``fG `c
Y J EGh ,M bf CH W ShdH dG VGeCG g J
.S QTCG e W GSH e jbdG dd ,dG jW
40

: ``j`dGh ``eR`HG VG``eCG ` 4

: (Stubborn) O```dG Ve hCG QHdG `
bh a fJ eCG .SG HCG dG GH H QfEG c VG Gg
Y N Ve gh ,HdG dG UQGdG M UN J
HG HfCG cJ (Spiroplasma citri) dd eRH a Jh UQGdG
.dd T Y "Tubes cribls"
: ```````edG VG````YCG
: dG dG Y VG Gg VGYCG J
.qdG Iq e IU Ye T GQhCG NCJ `
Y OM q J e ,`q dG `e `Zh `e G`e j
q I`dG g j `
.hdG ec Y hCG ZCG GWCG
.dG NBG EG GG Iq e Jh H T QdG J `
.dG ec e QKEG EG ODj
q e Z QgREG j `
.fEG c f VG Gg j `
: ``ehG ``Wh ``fEG `c
GQhCG Wf g M bf g CG c .dG jW Y RHG Gg j
''Circulifer tenellus'' h ''Circulifer haematoceps'' f e UNh ''Cicadelles''
JdG UN cf iNCG hO G GfCG H Y VG Gg j c
.fdGh

41

: ````qj`dG VG````eCG ` 5
Yh g
q MGe fl UQGdG SGZ qjdG VGeCG e jY J
.QdGh hdGh ZCG j e eh QhG j e a ,IdG AGLCG fl
: cf VGeCG g qgCG eh
: (Malsecco) `d`G V``e ` CG
Phoma tracheiphila Ptri : G dG `
bJ qjh qdGh qdG QTCG dG j
SCG EG q dG e hdGh ZCG qh GQhCG
.IdG e EG Oq Dj q G ie EG d
: ``````a`G
S T SEG `
aG IOq IHdGh dG
BG J `
q
fRGe J jW Nq J `
HG ZCG Mh L `
dG YCG e dG J `
FG OQGGh MdG IQGRh W e d Nq G GG iMEG SH IGhGG `
.dG dGh
: (Gommose) ```q dG V``e `
Phytophthora spp : G dG
bdG fCG d qJ VG Gg VGYCG qJ
Gb S qj q qdG f qdG EG
VG Gg qjh .AdG Jh
q j ,U
q
.aeh dEG qdG j GPEG IdG e
: ``qF`b`dG `aG
.(Bigaradier) QCc Vd ehe UCG SEG `
25 G`H bdG Y J cdG f qGC e HG e GdG AbEG Y qcCdG `
.SGdG Y eOQ LEG e U 30 EG
.d q dG e ee qd q dG Y LhOG VGMCG SEG `
.G Ocd Vq G VGQCG LEG `
.qSf IOq J H IdG L AH IGhGG `
42

: (Fusariose) R`jQG`dG V`e `

Fusarium spp : G dG
VGYCG qJh UQGdG VG Gg j
.Je j
q Id FL q J
: ``````a``G
.S UCG AbEG `
faJ" hCG "RHdG" hCG "edG" IOq e Y dG GG iMEH IGhGG `
."e
: (Anthracnose) R```cG`fCG V`e ` O
Colletotrichum gloesporiodes : G dG
Gloeosporium limethicolum

jFGO H QX VG Gg VGYCG qJ
.OSCG EG cGdG q dG e fd dG
fl QqdGh GQhCG VG Gg j
a ZCG j c ,g
q MGe
.SCG EG YCG e q EG Oq DJ (ncroses) AGOS H Y
: ````a``G
.fRGe J jW OYEG `
.q G ZCG Mh b
q `
e Ae e d 100 /250 QG %80 G IOe Y j e SH IGhGG `
.jQdG IOq G
: (Fumagine) ``dG
q V`e ` `g
Fumago vagans : G dG
a ,QqdGh GQhCGh ZCG VG Gg j
RJ dG dG j dG OSCG Y QX
.(AdG HHdGh jdGh TdG) GG H
: ````a``G
.dG RGaEG q G GG ae `
Y q dG GG iMEG SH IGhGG `
.dG dGh q FG OQGGh MdG IQGRh W e d Nq Gh q Sf IOeq
43

: (pourridi) `q ``dG V```e ` h

Armillaria mellea : G dG
A N T OLh VG Gg VGYCG qJ
j
q K ,b HCG fd j VQCG h ,QhG
q
q Jh GQhCG bJ VG q j .q dG EG fd
.Id jS
GdG j bh SG dG jdG GSc QhL jH Y dG Gg j
.G OcQ AGq L e J Y c LGNEG j dGh ScBG hCG adc
: ````a``G
.jJ jh G H cJ dG VGQCG q `
.HG QTCG ec J `
: `G Y Q`dG Y `J dG VG`eCG ` R
: ddG jdG a Jh G Ia N UQGdG J ja VGeCG IY
Aspergillus sp : 1 G dG
a fd j IdG Y S qJ QX dG Gg j
.AGOdG GHCG e c gJ K
Penicillium digitatum : 2 qG dG `
.QqdG Y NCG qdG q j
Penicillium italicum : 3 q G dG `
.QqdG Y QRCG qdG qj
Alternaria sp : 4 q G dG `
q H dg H j IdG W OSCG qJ QX q j
.qdG
Trichoderma viride : 5 `q G dG `
H dM qj M dG IdG hL N e dG Nj
,cGdG NCH qe HCG Z gj e YS qdG q H jW
.dG RL FGQ dG g e Jh
: ````a``G
b QdG H dc jh d dG QdG Ra j VGeCG g q d
OQGGh MdG IQGRh W e d Nq e a e Y j N fN
.dG dGh q FG
44

: I``SCG `f : `q `LdjdG VG``eCG ` 6

U
q N (Oligo-Elments) IQOdG OGG H f Y qLdjdG VGeCG J
.fEG g f EG Oq DJh ,R#Gh fdG JOe
Y IU NfEG QX OGG g f eY qJ
.GQhCG hY H qdG qJ e ZCG
.S qc GQhCG H dG j dG Gg e qcCdh
fdG cCG fi TH
roj dG e cCdG dM h
q
IjY qbQh ISCG LoJ c .GQhCG Y R#G Sh
.Hq dG GQhCG Y LG Y TQ
q IQOdG OGG Y
: G`````G ` 7
: (Cochenilles) ```jdG ` CG
SGZ J dG aBG gCG e jdG GG J
GQhCG UN IdG AGLCG L Y LJh .UQGdG
.IQG dH QGVCG a QdGh ZCGh
bdG dG AGLCG GP GG EG aBG g J
GQhCG S Y J Gb T Y dG
q IOe RJh .(piqueur suceur) UG
dG Y j (Fumagine) `q dG V`eh OSCG dG a Y a
U Z a jQdG b QdG Jh IdG a FdG dGh
.jqdG UNh jqd
: cf UQGdG J dG jdG GG gCG e
dG `SEG

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi
Aonidiella aurantii
Parlatoria ziziphi
Icerya purchasi
Planococcus citri
Saissetia olea

fdH hGG SEG

Pou de Californie
Pou rouge
Pou noir
Cochenille australienne
Cochenille farineuse
Cochenille tortue

HdH SEG
.AGOdG jdG IG `
.AGG jdG IG `
.O``SCG
q dG `
.GSCG bdG dG `
.bdG dGG H `
: `````a`G
``W`
.dG
jdG IM

LQN Z OLd (Adulte) edG gQW J eY GG g ae J

(L1) hCq G QdG UN bdG QW CG IGhGG J dHh ,(Carapace) j
H hCG QgREG bh HdG L H CG ,Sh GL ,e ,SQe ,a TCG N
SH dPh QeCG hf hCG jq dG g h IQGG bhCG Y GHh QgRCG Y
.dG dGh FG OQGGh MdG IQGRh W e Y OG GG iMEG
45

: (Cratite) ```dG ``HHP `

Ia N IdG Ib H HHdG J
H .(Vraison) fJ
q jGHh QdG LJ
NGO iqJh bdG J dG
q K ddG MG jZ EG Q q dG
q a ,VQCG Qqd QdG QOJ
dG i e Y HG Q q dG
qG dG Y gYj
q KG
e %60 f EG J CG eq g FN q Jh . VQCG Y a Qd
.jdG hCG SEd dU Z j dG G
: `````a`G ``W
: qYGQdG aG ` 1
SGZ J dG dG HHP q V G aG UY qgCG e jdG g q J
...Gh dGh Gh Udc iNCG SGdG e jYh UQGdG
bJ jGH e e H qdG H j qYGQR YCG Y jdG g Jh
: qJh QdG
dG NGO ,h QTCG a QdG GfCG L jHh fEG VGa L ``
SdG e ScCG Vh hCG U 50 Y qj Y Y eOQh LQNh
H dG e ,Oc dSEG qK qbCG Y jT Iq dG q TCG EG VYh
.dGh G FH idh (carts de triage) dG q QdG jd dG
HUEG b SG bdG QTCG e iNG GfCd RdG G L ``
.IH
Y ,g ) dM hCG (...e ,N) UQGdG V NGO FGY SGZ OJ ``
.(...jdG

46

: `JdG `aG ` 2
SGdH HHd (pigeage de masse) qG OUEG jW Y aG g JJ
: qJh QdG L Ye EG jL T e jGH dPh G
e g\Ie 40 q ''Mac-phail'' hCG ''Gobes mouche'' : f e HdG Fe J `
: SCG G M jRJ jh Id bdG G L
b YS 24 AG e d 10\GZ 300 cH (D.A.P) .CG.O IOq e e N `
,FG Vh
,(3/2) dG QG H Ie q c e `
.H e IOYEG q K SCG Iq e q (.CG.O +GM) FG ifi GaEG `

SQGdG SGZ NGO FG jRJ e

: `q `FdG `aG ` 3
G dG W e Y OG FdG OGG SH Nq dG j
hCG VQCG FSdG jW Y Jh dG dGh FG OQGGh MdG IQGRH
:jG
: VQCG FSdG
,S T e hq GC qNJ `
.(QdG q J jGH) HcCG T e N IQhdG Y IGhGG IOYEG `

IGhGG I`a

,(bdG ` HG) jdG GSd NGdG fG IGhGe `

.(IMGdG Id G e 300` 250 GM) a IdG L IGhGe `

IGhGG c

.AG e d 100 HGqG IOq G e d 2 + (Malathion %50) %50 JG e d ` 1

.AG e d 100 HGqG IOq G e d 1 + (Lebaycid) jHd d 0^5 G GG
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56

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57