Stroud Programme 10 Solutions PDF

Engineering Mathematics seventh edition
K.A. Stroud and Dexter J. Booth 2013, published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN: 9781137031204

Engineering Mathematics, 7
th
edition, ISBN 9781137031204
Programme 10: Sequences

Test exercise 10

1 (a) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

1, 3, 5, 7, . . .

Solution:

Step 1:

The numbers increase by 2 at a time so the next two numbers in the sequence
are

7 + 2 = 9 and 9 + 2 = 11

Step 2:

The form of the general term is obtained by recognizing that this is an arithmetic
sequence:

a + nd

where the first term is a = 1 and the common difference is d = 2.

Step 3:

The general form is then:

1 + 2n


1 (b) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

are

5 + 3 = 8 and 8 + 3 = 11

Step 2:

sequence:

a + nd

where the first term is and the common difference is d = 3.

Step 3:



1 (c) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

16, 8, 4, 2, . . .

Solution:

Step 1:

The numbers decrease by a half at a time so the next two numbers in the
sequence are

and

Step 2:

The form of the general term is obtained by recognizing that this is a geometric
sequence:

where the first term is and the common ratio is .

Step 3:



1 (d) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

Each number in the sequence is obtained by multiplying the previous number by
minus 2 so the next two numbers in the sequence are

and

Step 2:

sequence:


Step 3:



1 (e) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

By inspection it is seen that each number in the sequence is obtained by adding
the three previous numbers so the next two numbers in the sequence are

and

Step 2:

The form of the general term is obtained by recognizing that this is a recursive
sequence of order three and so needs three starting values:

where


1 (f) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

the two previous numbers and multiplying that sum by 2 so the next two
numbers in the sequence are

and

Step 2:

sequence of order two and so needs two starting values:

where


3 (a) Find the recursive description corresponding to the following
prescription for the output of a sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Therefore the recursive form is:

where (found from the prescription)


3 (b) Find the recursive description corresponding to the following

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:




3 (c) Find the recursive description corresponding to the following

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:




5 (a) Evaluate

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:


5 (b) Evaluate

Solution:

Step 1:

because 5 > 1


5 (c) Evaluate

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

because 0 < 0.999 < 1


5 (d) Evaluate

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Because the sequence just oscillates between


5 (e) Evaluate

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

So


5 (f) Evaluate

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

So


Further problems 10

1 (a) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

1, 6, 11, 16, . . .

Solution:

Step 1:

are

16 + 5 = 21 and 21 + 5 = 26

Step 2:

sequence:

a + nd

where the first term is a = 1 and the common difference is d = 5.

Step 3:


1 + 5n


1 (b) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

are

Step 2:

sequence:

a + nd

where the first term is and the common difference is d = 2.

Step 3:



1 (c) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, . . .

Solution:

Step 1:

Each term is one tenth the previous term so the next two numbers in the
sequence are

Step 2:

sequence:

where the first term is 0 and the common ratio is .

Step 3:



1 (d) Each term is one tenth the previous term so the next two numbers in
the sequence are

1234.5, 123.45, 12.345, . . .

Solution:

Step 1:

Each number in the sequence is obtained by dividing the previous number by 10
so the next two numbers in the sequence are

1.2345 and 0.12345

Step 2:

sequence:


Step 3:



1 (e) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

By inspection it is seen that each number in the sequence is obtained by
subtracting the previous term from the one before that so the next two numbers
in the sequence are

and

Step 2:


where


1 (f) Find the next two terms and form of the general term for the following
sequence:

Solution:

Step 1:

the two previous numbers so the next two numbers in the sequence are

and

Step 2:


where


3 (a) Solve the difference equation:

Solution:

Step 1:

Assuming then substituting into the difference equation gives:

So that .

Step 2:

The general form of the solution to the difference equation is then:

Step 3:

Applying the given conditions :

[1]
[2]

From [1] and substituting into [2] gives .

Step 4:

Therefore


3 (b) Solve the difference equation:

Solution:

Step 1:


So that .

Step 2:


Step 3:


[1]
[2]

From [1] and substituting into [2] gives
and therefore

Step 4:

Therefore


3 (c) Solve the difference equation:

Solution:

Step 1:


So that .

Step 2:


Step 3:


[1]
[2]

From [1] and substituting into [2] gives
and therefore

Step 4:

Therefore


5 (a) Does the sequence converge or diverge?

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Sequence diverges


5 (b) Does the sequence converge or diverge?

Solution:

Step 1:

Step 2:

Sequence diverges


5 (c) Does the sequence converge or diverge?

Solution:

Step 1:

Assume that the sequence converges to A. Then:

That is:

so that

Step 2:

Sequence converges to


5 (d) Does the sequence converge or diverge?

Solution:

Step 1:

Since then and so sequence converges

Step 2:

Sequence converges to 0


5 (e) Does the sequence converge or diverge?

Solution:

Step 1:

Each term of the sequence is 10 times greater than the previous term.

Step 2:

Sequence diverges


7 The first, third and sixth terms of an arithmetic sequence form three
successive terms of a geometric sequence. If the first term of both the arithmetic
and geometric sequence is 8, find the second, third and fourth terms and general
term of the geometric sequences.

Solution:

Step 1:

The terms 8, 8 + 2d, 8 + 5d are the first, third and sixth terms of the arithmetic
sequence in question and are three successive terms of the
corresponding geometric sequence.

Step 2:

So:

Step 3:

That is:

and so

Step 4:

Therefore:

and so

The common ratio is then .

Step 5:

The second, third and fourth terms of the geometric sequence are then:


9 For what value of does differ from 2 by 0.02 to 2 dp?

Solution:

Step 1:

When n = 0 the sequence term has the value and:

Step 2:

So the terms of the sequence are increasing but are always less than 2. So we
need to know the value of n corresponding to a term value of 1.975, this being
the first value that is equal to 1.98 to 2 dp:

Step 3:

That is that is

Step 4:

This gives:

so that


11 If three numbers in geometric sequence are respectively subtracted from
three numbers also in geometric sequence leaving remainders that are also in
geometric sequence show that all three geometric sequences have the same
common ratio.

Solution:

Step 1:

Let three sequential numbers from two geometric sequences be given as:

and

Step 2:

Then it is given that also form three terms of another
geometric sequence.

That is if then and .

Step 3:

Furthermore:

and

Step 4:

Therefore

that is

Step 5:

So that:

Step 6:

That is:

so

Step 7:


Therefore:

and so

That is, so all three common ratios are the same.

13 If x, 5x, 6x + 9 form three successive terms of an arithmetic sequence, find
the next four terms.

Solution:

Step 1:

Let

Step 2:

Therefore:

Step 3:

That is:

Step 4:

The three given terms of the arithmetic sequence are then 3, 15, 27 and the next
four are:

39, 51, 63, 75


15 The twelfth and nineteenth terms of an harmonic sequence are respectively
and . Find the fourth term.

Solution:

Step 1:

The reciprocals of an harmonic sequence form an arithmetic sequence so the
twelfth and nineteenth terms of the corresponding arithmetic sequence are:

5 and respectively.

Step 2:

That is:

Step 3:

Therefore:

and so and

Step 4:

The fourth term of the arithmetic sequence is then

Step 5:

The fourth term of the harmonic sequence is then


17 If form three successive terms of an arithmetic sequence
show that also form three successive terms of another arithmetic
sequence.

Solution:

Step 1:

Let:

Then:

Step 2:

That is:

Step 3:

So that:

Step 4:

And hence:
that is

Step 5:

Therefore if:
then

Step 6:

That is:
form three successive terms of an arithmetic
sequence

19 Show that the difference equation can be derived
from the coupled difference equations:

Find and given that and .

Solution:

Step 1:

and so

Step 2:

As a consequence:

Step 3:

Since

then , that is

Step 4:

Assume and substitute into the difference equation to obtain:

That is:

Step 5:

Therefore:

and so

Step 6:

Applying the conditions:

and so

and so

Step 7:

Solution:

and so . Therefore
and

Stroud Programme 10 Solutions PDF

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Engineering Mathematics seventh edition

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