The role of dairy products & tea in the development

and progression of Parkinsons disease

Madeline Kinzly, OHSU Dietetic Intern
http://www.jkma.org/search.php?where=aview&id=10.5124/jkma.2012.55.10.987&code=0119JKMA&vmode=PUBREADER
Parkinsons Disease
A slowly progressing
neurological disorder that
affects movement, muscle
control, and balance
Second most prevalent
neurodegenerative disease in
aging individuals
Characterized by loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra
Genetic susceptibility and
environmental factors play a
role in disease development

http://www.ladycarehealth.com/best-natural-cure-for-parkinsons-disease/

Diagnosis
There is currently no test to
diagnose Parkinsons
Onset usually occurs between the
ages of 55-75, but can develop in
younger people
Symptoms:
Tremors
Slowness of movement
Muscle rigidity
Difficulty swallowing
Digestive difficulties
Problems with speech
Depression
Difficulty with memory and
thought processes
http://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/news/a-major-breakthrough-in-treating-parkinsons-disease-cannot-reach-patients/
Parkinsons Prevalence
As many as 1 million Americans and an estimated
7-10 million people worldwide are currently living
with Parkinsons
Cost:
Individual medications cost $2,500 per year
Therapeutic surgery costs up to $100,000
Treatment, social security payments and lost income
from inability to work is approximately $25 billion
per year in the United States alone
There is currently no cure for
Parkinsons Disease, only
treatments for controlling
symptoms and improving
quality of life
Treatment
http://www.health-writings.com/category/0/1/1416/
http://www.ladycarehealth.com/best-natural-cure-for-parkinsons-disease/
Role of Nutrition in Parkinsons
Nutrition may impact disease etiology and progression
Seidl SE, Santiago JA, Bilyk H, Potashkin JA. The Emerging Role of Nutrition in Parkinsons disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2014;6. doi:
10.3389/fnagi.2014.00036.
Fruits and vegetables leads to decreased
functional decline associated with aging
and may slow the progression of
Parkinsons Disease
Most fruits and vegetables are rich sources
of antioxidants- vitamin A, B, C, & E which
have been shown to be low in Parkinsons
patients
Dietary intake of nicotine-containing
vegetables was associated with reduced risk
of Parkinsons in men and women who had
never smoked cigarettes
Tomatoes
Potatoes
Peppers
Cruciferous vegetables protect
dopaminergic neurons and prevent
oxidative damage
Fruits & vegetables
Phytochemicals
http://www.wholeliving.com/136317/day-26-friday-kick-start-new-habits/@center/136747/whole-living-action-plan-28-day-challenge

Supplementation of Omega-3 PUFA may
reduce depression in Parkinsons
patients
DHA supplementation may reduce
apoptosis in dopaminergic cells
Flax seeds, walnuts, salmon,
sardines, soybeans, tofu,
shrimp, brussels sprouts,
cauliflower
Omega-3 (DHA)
http://blog.buddhasherbs.com/how-mega-is-omega-the-benefits-of-fish-oil-supplements/

Genistein acts as a neuroprotector by
regulating mitochondria-dependent
apoptosis pathways and protect against
reactive oxygen species
In rats, pretreatment with genistein
improved spatial learning and memory
Restored dopamine transporters,
dopamine and its metabolites
Soy beans, fava beans, kudzu,
psoralea
Soy (Genistein)
http://mizzoumag.missouri.edu/2013/02/soy-genes/

Red meat consumption is associated
with a higher risk
High heme iron content may act as a
toxin when not digested properly
- PUFAs
- MUFAs
+ Saturated fats
+ Cholesterol
Fat & Meat
http://smallkitchenchronicles.com/2012/06/22/best-ever-way-to-make-bacon/
People who consumed 3 cups of coffee
per day decreased their risk for
developing Parkinsons Disease by 22%
Low to moderate beer consumption
may be associated with lower risk,
liquor consumption may increase risk
No support for red wine and reduced
risk
Cigarette smoking is associated with a
decreased risk
Caffeine, Alcohol, &
Tobacco
http://www.redwoodcliffsrehab.com/alcohol-a-greater-health-burden-than-drugs-or-tobacco-in-some-states/
Dairy Products
In a retrospective cohort
study, Chen et al. found that
dairy product consumption
was positively associated
with the risk of Parkinsons
Disease
Park et al. found that men
who consumed more then
16 ounces of milk per day
had a 130% higher risk than
men who did not drink milk
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodAllergy/research/Pages/bakedMilk.aspx
Chen H, O'Reilly E, McCullough ML, Rodriguez C, Schwarzschild MA, Calle EE, Thun MJ, Ascherio A. Consumption of dairy products and risk of Parkinson's
disease. American journal of epidemiology 2007;165(9):998-1006. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwk089.
Uric Acid
Dairy products are
characteristically low in purine
Uric acid is the end product of
purine catabolism
Uric acid may have potential
therapeutic effects as an
antioxidant
Individuals with gout, a
rheumatic disease resulting
from hyperuricemia, had
significantly reduced
occurrence of Parkinsons
Disease
http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures---U/Uric-Acid.htm
Uric Acid
Lower plasma or
cerebrospinal fluid
urate levels predict is
faster clinical
progression
Uric acid may protect
midbrain
dopaminergic
neurons by
decreasing reactive
oxygen species
Guerreiro S, Ponceau A, Toulorge D, Martin E, Alvarez-Fischer D, Hirsch EC, Michel PP. Protection of midbrain dopaminergic neurons by the end-product of
purine metabolism uric acid: potentiation by low-level depolarization. Journal of neurochemistry 2009;109(4):1118-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06040.x.
Tea Polyphenols
Polyphenols in green and black
tea provide potent antioxidant-
radical scavenging activities in
the brain
Tea consumption of 3 cups a
day for 10 years is suggested to
reduce the risk of Parkinsons
by 28%
Specific mechanisms for
neuroprotection are not clearly
defined
http://mundoasombroso.com/salud/
EGCG
EGCG
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
Antioxidant
Preventing dopaminergic
neuron loss
Iron chelation
Cell survival/death
Signal transduction
activation

Weinreb O, Mandel S, Amit T, Youdim MB. Neurological mechanisms of green tea polyphenols in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
diseases. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 2004;15(9):506-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.05.002.
Sian-Hulsmann J, Mandel S, Youdim MB, Riederer P. The relevance of iron in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Journal of
neurochemistry 2011;118(6):939-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07132.x.
http://bdlconference.wordpress.com/tag/neurogenesis/
Famous Faces with Parkinsons Disease
Muhammad Ali, Michael J. Fox, Johnny Cash, Maurice White, George
Wallace
http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/321075-muhammad-ali-on-twitter-i-shook-up-the-world
http://www.theplace2.ru/photos/Michael-J-Fox-md3156/pic-198897.html
http://www.giantpanther.com/?tag=johnny-cash

Questions?
http://gajitz.com/stabilizing-spoon-makes-eating-with-tremors-much-easier/