4

Question 4 (15 points)

The horizontal surface area A
s
(m
2
) of a lake at a particular depth can be computed
from volume by differentiation



where V = volume (m
3
) and z = depth (m) as measured from the surface down to the
bottom. The average concentration of a substance that varies with depth (g/m
3
) can
be computed by integration



where Z = the total depth (m) = 16 m. Determine the average concentration based on
the following data:

z, m 0 4 8 12 16
V(z), 10
6
m
3
9.8175 5.1051 1.9635 0.3927 0.0000
c, g/m
3
10.2 8.5 7.4 5.2 4.1

Note: For the differentiation, use forward difference of accuracy O(h
2
), backward
difference of accuracy O(h
2
), and centered difference of accuracy O(h
2
). For the
integration, use multi-segment Simpsons 1/3 rule. If the calculated value of A
s
(z) < 0
at any depth z, then set it to zero, i.e. A
s
(z) = 0.

.