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.
-0-

gloul-cot\fse sand ~jth s

.

..

. . .--.
orne gra"el

- 1 1 - g,oul .rn d'

.

o
-.r- .... .

,m

,om ,,",

. . fa . . ' sand with some gravel

. coarse

, ..." . '" '"

- - gloulr,n. sand
- . caarso sand

*'

.r:2c.d."rm sand

,.,: ~'. fine sand

gloulsand

... , ",.,. ~,: .. """", ""::':;;;";';;';;;;;;;;;; ~

sand soil

25

1.5

Nom,al Sire .. (kg/cm2)

B) BCl1Ivnil<:/c ~!IICnI raliv=J0I70

-III--- gr ouI . coarse~

.. ... .. - ' -' -. ---.

and wIth some gravel

-.-

groul coarse 5JmJ

- 1 1 - 9roul-medium sand

---+-- groutline sand

. . -11- . COtl/ se s(illd ..... i!h so me gravel

..J.- . . coarse sand

.. ti

. . . . . . fine sand

. mediurn sand

gloutsand

05

25

C ) llenlOIlI' 1c.f'
cell1'

.
elll r<1I1o=)O/oO

Normal SlresS (kgl

-CI _ Q _ groutcoarse sand wIll> some gravel

f
~,

!.,

"
U.

. . -& . coarse s<!Jld with scm

3.5

.. a

----.Ir-- gr oul. co,Hse SJnt.J

.

--+-- grout fino sano

grout - med. sand

0'

2' 5
em )

e glavel

. - mel1 sanl1

graul-sand

'1iT

.....

. . coarse sand
. . line sand

_--------------m

~i~~~~

"

""d , oil

05

15

.,.

2.5

Normal S Iress (kg/eml)

Figure (6) Coulomll-rv1 ollr slrennll 1 enve lope for graul-sand

'l

inlerface a /1 d

sand .

Cil-JB7

10

.~

SlJ

gro:Jl-sand ( 0/C=20/80)
___

<lJ

ro cO

VI

(8/C=30/70)

--=--------------------------------~
.X

:SO

.::

sand _ .' . .. -' X

en 40

2:!
VI

groul.sa~d (B /C =~ 0/60)

on

15

K2

30

20

0
0.2

d10 %

0 .8

0 .6
mm

0.4

;
<;

10

.><

<lJ

~ 20
en
iO

10

C 30 '

40

20

10

30

20

40

50

Be

(b) constants c1 and c2

1.8

0.7

1.2

1.6

II,

groul sand (8 /C=20/8 0)

______

I 0.6

1 .::
N

E
!o!

0 .8
It

on

<.{

' -- :=
~0.4

C
0 .8

en 0 .6
Vi
c

graul -sand (8/C =30/70)

.9

'"
u

111-- ..

<-)

I 0 .5

C2

1 .2

JIl
'"
01

hi

~O.3

06
0-1

~ 0 .2

Cl

0.4

graul-sand (SIC ='::(/60 )

~

0.2

oi

0 .2

0 .1

0 .2

0 .3

0 .4
dl0 %

0.5
mm

0.6

0 .7

:::;
Fig ure (7) shear parameters vs . effective diameter d,o.
'-,~

0
0 .8

0.9

10

1S

20

Be

?t;.

3D

3S

F igure (8) . :..hear parameter c:::ns!ants vs . benionile content Be.

40

45

l3.5

.~

Qrout-snlld

B/C=20i8

.
.

1'!
....-------B/C =40/60

I ;,5
j

IC"Jo/~~1

. ~::--:

3
~ 2.5

4
3

r----------------------------------------,

5
4.5

Dense -coarse sand willi

SOlll8 gravel

~and

o~----------------------------~
u
O
.S
1.5
2
2,5

o '~--------------------------------~

Normal Stress (1Ig/crIl 2)

U,5

2.5

15
NOlilla! S!l ess (kg/em')

Dense-coarse sand

Dense-iii Ie salld

3.5

B/C=20/80

grout-sand

grout-s<lnd

~// ~~C" ",GC

/C=30/70~g~ . . _ .. - .9
~:::::::-----

___ - . sand

~~.1 _ .. _ .. ~ .

0.5

. _ 9-

o ~~----------------------------------~

2.5

u.s

Normal Stress (kg/elll l )

2.5

1.5
Norlilal Stress (kg/ell l')

rig.ure (9) Coulolllb -I'v lohr strength env elope for grout-sDnu infel Lice all d S<lIIU.

2.5 .--------------- ------------ -- - - - - - -l!t- 9rout CO:Jr~a 3::Hld ........ tt, som ~

-tT-gr ou t ' CO~f ~O

Qr.JH!

sAnd

- n - g/oul -Olp.diurn

~:Jrld

--"-g rout line sand

~Q

'1) U
CI
"

__tl_gi ouH:oarse H fld Witt' som e gI01"I11

.~

"
1i

____ Ot Oul-CO<tf S8 sand

05

-et-?'Oul.r nQd,um sarld

- + - grou l.lille sand

10

,s

20

Be

lS

.'

)0

'0

)5

<0

10

2U Be

30

50

Figure( 10) Shear parameters of grout -s and interface

l; T-J ~l)

60

20

5
~

"

L :::B'~3~:.0 / ~
t
~ 2 I'.t-"-;;; .5

"

ro

Q)

c::

~J

"Vj

g.s
'in
"'0

.:;

0 .5

V>

a
'"
''is
c

Ll5

at

0.5

a
0

o .S

1.S

2.5

'0

10

Normal Siress (kg/em')

JO

Be

"'"

__ .. _- -"---

....

14

----=-- grcu l-<: oarse sana

--3-- ~ (c u (-coa(se

()r;)v~

- - - t - g fOU! (lne

sand with some gravel

~ '3ro ul -meCJjum

;:; 6

sana

10

--+--- 'jfOlJl -line sand

- -=1- - groul

+- 'groul

E
u

Sand

:;:

1!
Ui

'"
'"
'"
x

Ui
ro

.~

"

"
,"

--:a---'JrQut-coarsa sond
~ groul-medium s.and

---+--

~"
~.-

-4-

groul~tine

sand

-2(OU'

3
2.5

r:;

:;;
'"

Vi

'"
::;'

;:;

"

Q)

'"

~rcu i

._---- - . ... - ,,- -.some grave'

~grout-coaIse SCi.,nd 'IMlh

4.5

---=-- ,)rour-co3fsec sand

~ :IIOu1 mt!CLum ~a t10

12

50

C) Bemon/a: cemenf raflD OIC=JOI60

8
C;foLlt<.earso s.anCl wutl som a

40

30

Be

OJ 11c:II{(Jn ile CCII1c'1/f mrio (fiIC}=.JOI70

16
~

20

10

Figure ( I:::) She:lI;parameters of be:lIoni[e-cement grout.

.-1) [lent/'nile Cement r:wI ) (fi/C}=]OI.W)

40

Figllre ( I I ) Couloll1b-~'lohr s[renglh envelope fo r gro ut.

iii

12

Q)

""o

Bc-=40 %

V>

~
~

gro~

::!

16

<.)

85
<.)'

0.5

u
0

c
,

'-..J
~

O.S

1.5

2_~

a
0.5

t.~

2. 5

Normal S!ress (kc;Jc:-n 2)

Ncrmat S tress ( KC;/c..';1 ;2 )

F~cur2

(13) C.JL!icmc-:'vlcnr s:r2!lgth 2!lVe!cpe fer grout-S2rod intcrfec::! efld greut.

0 ..5

1.5
Norm al S[r.e5s (kg/en:)

2.5

14 0
--11 - - 9 rout-coarse sail '
..
- _
_ 6 g rolll .coar~
d wrlh

groul.me~il~';~"d

___
_ .... _ groul.fin e ~and and

.
~ome

.
gravel

120
~
c

'"

. .... _ _!!'~t

.~

100

"'
~
...

80

'"

OJ

9 roul

60

Vl

30

40

50

1
I

. I

gr out

e- - - -- e

''0

25", 30

60

40

35

45

"

Be

, " <I I<) SI>

~~
~1

20

20

gr oul salld

1< 20
'" p.
",,,,,,,,,,rgrolll. and grollt-sa nd .tnter face lI si n"10d'Irect'" ea r les l
siJ
u

- I J-

.
groul visc;Sity-4 0 . .

_ ._

gloul Vlscosity=JO sec

a-

sec

groul viscosity= 20

_ . ..
.

.med~u~

sec

sand

9, oul sand

.l

_ _ .... _.' __ .' __ _. t

..... ....
.

medium sa nd

25

1.5

05

~ure (15 ) CO li IOillb . f\J

_
o Ir Slrell!.! tiJ

........ " .... ... .. . .

Normal Slim (kglcm2)

or
env eIope for 0: o lll s ~ nd illlerf;ace and sand.

' d

0.6

~ Il

................. .... ...... j

0.5 <4 .. ......... ........... ..

'l

woik a ble VI.S Cdi

, '
=2';

~ . 38 se c

'(
,51 Y I'

0.49

violkab le .

0.4

vi sco sil y

p!

'428.38 se d
"

01 in tern al Irr' clloll

.

=41
28

10

20

Hg"" t viscos ity i1

grou " " ) , )""

0. 1

...

T
30

28

38

50

40
() !!rt)l/ l

!'

.5<1 11( Illln!ilce

J8

~2~O~-.-.!---!~--40

10

sec.

, par;l/ lletn5 J _
'

sec.

vI scos ity

lor

' ''" '

.(.
b '! l lI Ol/ i l' COIIlel11 '" .~ () o';J .

3Q
I'

li TV) 1

50

A) IJI .! IlIUIIIII! r;" " ll J II I f i ll '"

O
J/C) :1nmO

I, 1i lii Olii It

Ii HII I I

t ,l l lu

(11/1

(Jtrll

111 111 11 111 11

9
______ y( oul ,necl,um sanll a1 7days
____

- -

~6

grou! m~alut1l

6
~

groulmedlum sand al 7days

--:

____ graul,med,um sand al 3days

sand 31 Jd:.J .... s

~5

- ' meClJum sand

. . . . . . medium sand

'"

",4

<II

'"

<0

..
"

;;'2

IJl

sanq . ' /ill

><
'"
::01

<0

::;: 1

. <It .

.e

o.~~----------------------------

05

______

1.5

2.5

0 "

0
0 .5

NOflual SU ess ( kgfC.IIl2)

Figur.: (

17) Coulomh - Muilr ~ lr':llglil

~IlVdllf1~

1
1.5
Normal Stress (kg/em')

ror gruu t- sand

70

2.5

inlafa~.: :JIlJ s:Jnd a l

60

50

'"
t

.;0

~,

.........................

..
'"
.,

Angle o( inl e rn al (riCllo n = 41

-"

7day

C>

0 .6

til - . . . . . . -IlI

:?o
10

en
c:

E
et8

30

<{

.. ....... ....

.9
a

0 .4

3day

0 .2

' Bcs

Bcs
0

10

20

Be

30

0
~o

50

60

20

10

Be

o
-;>

>0
1'-.)

J and 7 Jays,

1.2

3day

41 ..

V>

..
'"
Z;

(~g~em2)

1.4

Go

0 .5
Norm'al Siress

c:

;;)

':;:;3

Vi

. . . . - . medium sand

'"
'"
-,

graUl -sand

'"
!'::

'"

_graulmedium sand al 7days

_ _ graul'medium sand al 3days

-"

Vi

" . "IIHI I I rl ll" I

Figure ( 18) Sllear para meters of bentonite-cement grout interface at 3 and 7 days ,

30

40

so

2.5

';1

A) Bentonite cement ralio (

d

4.5

- - 2 - - grou.C oense sand

----s-- groul -c1ellse saoo

- . - - gfout loose s s.arn:t

' .~

..

<;

. - aense sana

- .

0,4

grout- sand

'"

....

t. .

::2:

.' x

x .

u ;s .. . , ' ~

"
'"

.. ~

o .. - .. '

05

I
1. 5
Normal Siress (kg/cn,z,

2.5

grout- sand

'" 2

r::

- - -+ - 10058 sand

~.S

(f)

. - . . . - densa S4nd

~g 3

'"
;3i 3

;:;

.u
:::

3.5

. . dense sand

'"
'"

grout- sand

sand

_ _ groutloose sand

- - -+- - -loose s atul

'"

'"
'"
c7> ~

- - - - ; t - - grout -<1ensa

- . - - groul-laose sand

~E

. . x- . -lOOse sana

:'.5

1!

C)bentonite cament ratio ( SIC) =-40/60.

8) Bentonite cament ratio ( SIC) =20/70

SIC) =20/80 .

:,'.

~1 .5

.0

~
~

. r- .

0.5 ..---

Sc;od

__ - _:_

o ~ . ' 0 .:--~

1. 5

0 .5

.w-

:;

-+

2.5

0.5

NGrmal Siress (kg/em',

.- .,---+-

sand

-t- -

2.

1.5

NotmaJ Slress (~gJcm',

2.5

rigllfl: ( I,)) CUll/llI llh-lvlllhr sl n.:nglh c:nvdllPC f"nr loo sc and dc:n sc salld-~rolll ;nlc(ac:c: :.lnU sanU .
/0

4 .5

'r----------------------------------------------,

14
oj

1 ::

ou

~
~

:;

;;

~.

't.
,0 \'

"
~

J I)

groul -! oose Sand

" 1
I

~ 04

.-\n9 !1:: 0 ' Ulletna.!l rU:1!OIl 0 1 OE:f'lse sand = .41 0

20

B,

30

. ~- .

,.
~

l.. _

..

..
.

.:.

,.; 1.5
~

0
5.t)

o
0

10

20

B,

gruut . saud

inl..:rr; l ~;;;.

30

~o

::

; Bes

40

c
.~

0.5

F i g~II'l: { 2U) Sh"'::l( p;;r~:I1\c:I.::S ~)(

' ..... .J

_.

0 .2

Bes
10

groul-Ioose sand

,.l, 1U)t~ 0 1 1I1H.!ln:...i IOC\lOIl at loo se santi ::3 1 ~

ol.

g 0.6

10

t)

0 8

; ....... "t.

:0 , - ...
; :,J

grout (lans e sand

grout --;ana smcctrJ

"

"e

.. 1

J. 5

oil

meaium sand

~~~-~-----------------------------o
0 ."
1.5
2

"

NClmaJ Suess {kglC.~:1~

F:~~rc:

(:2)

CJU lutno \ /ohr sireng!h C:lVC:OPC ior

rough :;nd smooth ;;hc=r sur/ac::.

:. 3

100

90

50

.c
Ol

'"
':>
"
;:;;

;;; ~O
Ol

,.:

'"

'"
Ci

!:: 20

"0

6-

c
'"
""

10

c
C

C
:::l

C
1.6
N
C

..

60

1.2 ~
V>

co

50

c:

..

70

days

~o

;;;

E
u

2~

~/s

30

n2

80

30

..

20

0.8

~n1
~

.. n2

0.4

10

40

30

20

10

50

Time

Be

20

15

10

~5

20

da y

FiCJure(23) Constants. n, and n~ vs.l;me.

FiCJure (22) Unc.)n tined compressive slreng lh vs .be:;)on,ie con tent relatiol1 s tlip .

15 .

60

::~I

0.
c

'"
~

la' 3da". 81C

30170

~'

.c

C,
~

V>
OJ

"
EO

>

12 .

>
'"
0;

u
-

'"

'"

'7 ~

c
::>
r:r

1O

'"

'"

c..

0
u

...

"
c:

40

S
0

0
u

::>

r-,
'- ,
---,

'- .)

10

..c

( ? !)

:;0

20
grOll! ""/scastfy

Fig\:rc

c
c-

30
20

Ol

O)

;~\d~ .

V>

~.o>

is.
E

50

-10

VS.

odi
0

10

15
Ti m e

(S e!::i

l!llc [) lltillc:J ';:)I11 p r~~ s i\'<! , :r<!:l ~!..h

50

;';fOlll v ise.),;ily

20

25

days

F:gure (:5) Ur.c::::nfined c:Jmpress ive Sti8:1gth V'S . time.

20

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