DNS

Adam Siemion
 Overview
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What is DNS ?
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How does it work ?
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Terminology
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Rev DNS
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Types of resource records
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Two open-source implementations: BIND &
MyDNS
 What is DNS ?
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Domain Name System
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Invented in 1984
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Maps names to ip addresses
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Decentralized database
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Client-server architecture
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Hierarchic structure
 Terminology
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name server
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delegation
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zone against domain
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primary & secondary name servers
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NASK – Naukowa Akademicka Sieć
Komputerowa
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resource records
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propagation
 How does it work ?
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Client uses resolver
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Resolver sends query to DNS server
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DNS server asks other DNS servers
(recursive) or returns information, which
server client should ask (iterative)
 RDNS
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reverse DNS
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maps ip addresses to names
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application
 Resource records
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SOA – start of authority
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NS – name server
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MX – mail exchange
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A - address
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CNAME - alias
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PTR
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TXT – text information
 Record SOA
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Primary name server
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Hostmaster e-mail
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Serial number
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Refresh
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Retry
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Expire
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TTL (time to live)
 BIND
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Berkley Internet Name Domain
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Security
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Microsoft included it into Windows NT
 Sample configuration
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named.conf:
zone “d.pl” in { type master; file “d.pl.zone”; } // primary NS
zone “d.pl” in { type slave; file “d.pl.zone”; master { 1.1.1.1; }; };

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d.pl.zone:
d.pl. IN SOA ns1.d.pl. admin.d.pl. ( 1 10800 3600 604800 86400 )
d.pl. IN NS ns1
IN NS ns2.d.pl.
www IN A 127.0.0.1
@ IN MX 10 mx10
IN MX 20 mx20.d.pl.
poczta IN A poczta.inna.domena.pl.
 MyDNS
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Free DNS server implementation
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Written from scratch
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Uses SQL database
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3S - stability & security & speed
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Supports round robin DNS & load balancing