8aslc 1ranslsLor Lquauons uC 1ransfer curve 8elauon beLween vouL and vln under uC condluons Craphlcal Approach 1he Lransfer curve 1ranslsLor's reglmes of operauon CurrenL drawn from supply 8eLa rauo eecLs vlnv: lnverLer 1rlp olnL vlnv vlnv calculauon vlnv Skewed lnverLers vlnv Lo-Skew Pl-Skew rocess varlauons 1hreshold volLages are random varlables Causslan pdf ls a good approxlmauon ConsequanLly, lnverLer Lrlp polnL (vlnv) ls also a random varlable As are oLher characLerlsucs whlch depend on Lhreshold volLage Lo loglc levels nolse Margln uenluons lndlcaLes Lolerance Lo nolse Why ls Lhere nolse? uC nolse due Lo sLauc volLage drops ln Lhe power grld AC nolse: due Lo coupllng of swlLchlng slgnals 1ranslenLs ln power grld lmporLance of galn Larger galn beuer nolse margln 8esLorlng eecL of loglc levels ln a long chaln Large vL - beuer galn SLauc nolse Margln for Memory Cell 8uuery ulagram