2-Factorizacic3b3n-Polinomios Soluciones de Algunos Ejercicios

IES Juan Garca Valdemora
Departamento de Matemticas

FACTORIZACIN DE POLINOMIOS

1. Factoriza los siguientes polinomios e indica las races en cada caso:
a) ) 4 ( 2 8 2 = x x

} 4 { = Raz
b) ) 3 ( 5 15 5 = + x x

} 3 { = Raz
c) ) 5 ( 5 25 5 = x x

} 5 { = Raz
d) |
\
|
+ = +
4
13
4 13 4 a a

=
4
13
Raz
e) |
\
|
=
3
11
3 11 3 x x

)
`
=
3
11
Raz
f) |
\
|
+ =
|
\
|
+ = +
2
5
6
6
15
6 15 6 x x x

g)
\
|
=
|
\
|
= +
3
8
9
9
24
9 24 9 x x x
h) |
\
|
+ = +
6
1
2
3
1
2 x x

)
`
=
6
1
Raz
i) |
\
|
= +
20
1
8
5
2
8 x x

=
20
1
Raz
j) ) 2 ( 3 6 3
2
= x x x x

0 { = Races
k) ) 4 ( 2 8 2
2
= + x x x x

Races
l) ) 3 ( 5 15 5
2 2 3
= x x x x

= Races
m) ( ) 9 3 27 3
2
= + x x x x

Races
n) ( ) 5 5 25 5
3 3 4
= x x x x

= Races
o) ( ) 2 7 14 7
2
+ = + x x x x

{ = Races
p) ( ) 6 6 36 6
2
+ = + x x x x

{ = Races
q) ) 4 ( 3 12 3
2 2 3
= + x x x x

Races
r) ) 6 ( 2 12 2
2 2 3
= x x x x

Races
s) ) 1 (
3
1
3
1
3
1
3 3 4
+ = + x x x x

Races

IES Juan Garca Valdemora TEMA 4: FACTORIZACIN DE POLINOMIOS
FACTORIZACIN DE POLINOMIOS. SOLUCIONES
Factoriza los siguientes polinomios e indica las races en cada caso:

)
`
4
13

)
`

)
`
=
2
5
Raz
|
|
3
8

)
`
=
3
8
Raz

)
`
20
1

} 2 , 0
} 4 , 0 { =
} 3 , (doble) 0 { =
{ } 9 , 0 = Races
{ } 5 (triple), 0 =
{ } 2 , 0
{ } 6 , 0
} 4 , (doble) 0 { = Races
} 6 , (doble) 0 { = Races
} 1 (triple), 0 { = Races
4: FACTORIZACIN DE POLINOMIOS
3 ESO
1
. SOLUCIONES

2. Factoriza los siguientes polinomios e indica las races en cada caso:
a) 10 7
2
+ x x
1) Hallamos las races del polinomio

= = +
1 2
4 ) 7 ( 7
0 10 7
2
2
x x x
2) Factorizacin: 5 ( 10 7
2
= + x x x

b) 18 7
2
x x

= =
1 2
4 ) 7 ( 7
0 18 7
2
2
x x x
2) Factorizacin: 9 ( 18 7
2
= x x x

c) 9 6 3
2
x x
1) Extraemos factor comn 3 3
2
x
2) Hallamos las races del polinomio (
) 1 )( 3 ( 3 2
1 2
1 4 ) 2 ( 2
0 3 2
2
2
2
+ =

= =
x x x x
x x x
3) Factorizacin: ( 3 9 6 3
2
= x x x

d) 2 5 3
2
+ x x

= = +
3 2
4 ) 5 ( 5
0 2 5 3
2
2
x x x
2) Factorizacin: = + 1 ( 3 2 5 3
2
x x x
Factoriza los siguientes polinomios e indica las races en cada caso:
=

=

2
3 7
2
9 7
2
40 49 7 10 1
x
x
) 2 )( 5 x } 2 , 5 { = Races
=
+
=

2
11 7
2
121 7
2
72 49 7 ) 18 ( 1
) 2 )( 9 + x

} 2 , 9 { = Races
) 3 2 ( 3 9 6
2
= x x x

) 3 2 (
2
x x
2
4 2
2
16 2
2
12 4 2 ) 3 ( 1
=
+
=

x
x
) 1 )( 3 + x

} 1 , 3 { = Races

=
=
=
=

=

6
1 5
6
1 5
6
24 25 5 2 3
x
x
|
\
|

3
2
) 1 x

)
`
=
3
2
, 1 Races

3 ESO
2
=
=
=
+
=
2
2
3 7
5
2
3 7
x
x

=
=
+
=
=
2
2
11 7
9
2
11 7
11
x x
x x

1
2
4 2
3
2
4 2
=
=
+
=
x x
x x

= =
=
=
+
=
3
2
6
4
6
1 5
1
6
1 5
x
x


e) 3 2
2
+ + x x
2 2
) 1 ( 1
0 3 2
2
2

= = + + x x x
2) Factorizacin: ) 3 2 (
2
+ + x x

es irreducible

f) 20
2
+ x x

= = +
1 2
1 4 ) 1 ( 1
0 20
2
2
x x x
2) Factorizacin: )( 4 ( 20
2
= + x x x

g) 1 6
2
+ x x

= = +
6 2
6 4 ) 1 ( 1
0 1 6
2
2
x x x
2) Factorizacin:
\
|
= +
3
1
6 1 6
2
x x x

h) 15 7 2
2
x x

= =
2 2
4 ) 7 ( 7
0 15 7 2
2
2
x x x
2) Factorizacin: = ( 2 15 7 2
2
x x x

tiene no
4
23 1
4
24 1 1 3 2 4
=

=

=

es irreducible

=

=
+
=

2
9 1
2
81 1
2
80 1 1 ) 20 ( 1
) 5 )( + x

} 5 , 4 { = Races

=

=

=
+
=

12
5 1
12
25 1
12
24 1 1 ) 1 ( 6
|
\
|
+
|
|
2
1
3
1
x

)
`
=
2
1
,
3
1
Races

=
+
=
7
4
169 7
4
120 49 7
2
) 15 ( 2 4
|
\
|
+
2
3
) 5 x

)
`
=
2
3
, 5 Races

3 ESO
3
real solucin tiene

=

=
=
+
=
=
5
2
9 1
4
2
9 1
x x
x x

=
= =
=
2
1
12
6
3
1
12
4
x x
x x

=
= =
=
2
3
4
6
5
4
20
4
13
x x
x x

i)
2 3 4
8 6 2 x x x + +
1) Extraemos factor comn
2
2x

2
2) Hallamos las races y factorizamos el polinomio
) 1 )( 4 ( 4 3
1 2
1 4 ) 3 ( 3
0 4 3
2
2
2
+ =

= =
x x x x
x x x

3) Factorizacin: 8 6 2
2 3 4
= + + x x x

j) x x x 4 11 3
2 3

1) Extraemos factor comn x

=
=
+
=
=

= =
3
3
1
6
13 11
4
6
13 11
6
13 11
3 2
) 11 ( 11
0 4 11 3
2
2
x x
x x
x x x
3) Factorizacin: = ( 4 11 3
2 3
x x x x
)
`
=
3
1
, 0,4 Races

k)
3 4 5
45 39 6 x x x
1) Extraemos factor comn
3
3x

6
5
x

) 4 3 ( 2 8 6 2
2 2 2 3 4
= + + x x x x x x

y factorizamos el polinomio ) 4 3 (
2
x x
2
5 3
2
25 3
2
16 9 3 ) 4 ( 1
=
+
=

x
x
) 1 )( 4 ( 2 ) 4 3 ( 2
2 2 2
+ = x x x x x x

Races
) 4 11 3 ( 4 11 3
2 2 3
= x x x x x x

) Hallamos las races y factorizamos el polinomio ) 4 11 3 (
2
x x
|
\
|
+ =
=
=
+
=

3
1
) 4 ( 3 4 11 3
6
169 11
6
48 121 11
3
) 4 ( 3 4
2
x x x x

=
|
\
|
+ = ( 3
3
1
) 4 ( 3 ) 4 11 3 (
2
x x x x x x x
) 15 13 2 ( 3 45 39
2 3 3 4 5
+ + = x x x x x

3 ESO
4
1
2
5 3
4
2
5 3
=
=
+
=
x
x

} 1 , 4 (doble), 0 { = Races

|
\
|
+
3
1
) 4 x


=

=
=
+
=
=

=

= = + +
5
4
7 13
2
3
4
7 13
4
7 13
2
) 13 ( 13
0 15 13 2
2
2
x x
x x
x x x
3) Factorizacin: 45 39 6
3 4 5
x x x
)
`
=
2
3
, 5 (triple), 0 Races

l) x x x
7
6
7
1
7
1
2 3
+
1) Extraemos factor comn x
7
1

) 3 )( 2 ( 6
1 2
1 4 ) 1 ( 1
0 6
2
2
2
+ = +

= = +
x x x x
x x x

3) Factorizacin:
7
1
7
6
7
1
7
1
2 3
= + x x x

) Hallamos las races y factorizamos el polinomio ) 15 13 2 (
2
+ + x x
|
\
|
+ + = + +

=

=

2
3
) 5 ( 2 15 13 2
4
13
4
120 169 13
2 2
) 15 ( ) 2 ( 4
2
2
x x x x
\
|
+ = + + = ) 5 ( 2 3 ) 15 13 2 ( 3
3 2 3
x x x x x x
) 6 (
7
1
7
6
7
1
7
1
2 2 3
+ = + x x x x x x

y factorizamos el polinomio ) 6 (
2
+ x x
2
5 1
2
25 1
2
24 1 1 ) 6 (
=

=

=
+
=

) 3 )( 2 (
7
1
) 6 (
7
1
2
+ = + x x x x x x

3 ESO
5
=
49

|
\
|
+ + =
|
|
+
2
3
) 5 ( 6
2
3
3
x x x

3
2
5 1
2
2
5 1
=

=
=
+
=
x x
x x

} 3 , 2 , 0 { = Races


4. Factoriza los siguientes polinomios extrayendo factor comn y
e indica las races en cada caso:
a)
2 2
) 8 ( 64 16 = + x x x

= Races
b)
2 2 3
16 8 ( 5 80 40 5 + + = + + x x x x x x
c)
\
|
=
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
10
4
10
4
100
16
2
x x x x
d)
\
|
|
\
|
=
|
\
|
=
3
4
9
9
16
9 16 9
2 2
x x x
e) ( 5 ) 16 ( 5 80 5
2 2 2 2 4
= = x x x x x x
f)
2 2 3
12 ( 2 72 24 2 + = x x x x x x
g)
2 3 3 4 5
6 ( 2 18 12 2 + = + x x x x x x
h)
2 3 3 4 5
6 (
7
1
7
9
7
6
7
1
= + x x x x x x
i) 2 ( ) 2 )( 2 ( 4
2 2 4
= + = x x x x
j) ( 9 ) 25 ( 9 225 9
2 4 2 2 6
= = x x x x x
} 5 , 5 (doble), 0 { = Races
k)
2 2 2 3 4
( 15 60 60 15 = + x x x x x
l)
2 2
4
5
) 1 2 (
4
5
4
5
2
5
4
5
= + = + x x x x
m)
2 2
( 3 ) 1 2 ( 3 3 6 3 = + = + x x x x x
n)
2 2 3
8 ( 3 48 24 3 + + = x x x x x x
o) 5 ) 81 ( 5 405 5
4 5
= = + x x x x x
p) )( 2 ( ) 4 )( 4 ( 16
2 2 4
= + = x x x x
q) )( 2 (
5
3
) 4 (
5
3
5
12
5
3
2 4 4
= = x x x
r) 5 ) 64 ( 5 320 5
4 5
= = + x x x x x
s) )( 1 ( ) 1 )( 1 ( 1
2 2 4
= + = x x x x x
t) ( ) 16 )( 16 ( 256
2 4 4 8
= + = x x x x
u) ( 2 ) 25 ( 2 50 2
2 2 2 2 4
= = x x x x x x
v)
2 2 2 3 4
( 5 125 50 5 + = x x x x x
w) ) 16 ( 2 32 2
2 3
+ = + x x x x

= Races
Factoriza los siguientes polinomios extrayendo factor comn y/o con ayuda de las identidades notables
} (doble) 8 { =
2
) 4 ( 5 ) 16 + = x x

} (doble) 4 , 0 { = Races
|
\
|
+
|
5
2
5
2
x

)
`
=
5
2
,
5
2
Races
|
|
\
|
+
3
4
x

)
`
=
3
4
,
3
4
Races
) 4 )( 4 + x x

} 4 , 4 (doble), 0 { = Races
2
) 6 ( 2 ) 36 + = + x x x

(doble) 6 , 0 { = Races
2 3
) 3 ( 2 ) 9 = + x x

(doble) 3 (triple), 0 { = Races
2 3
) 3 (
7
1
) 9 = + x x

(doble) 3 (triple), 0 { = Races
) 2 )( 2 )( 2
2
+ + x x

} 2 , 2 { = Races
5 )( 5 )( 5 ( 9 ) 5 )( 5 (
2 2 2 2
+ + = + x x x x x x
2 2
) 2 ( 15 ) 4 4 = + x x x

(doble), 0 { = Races
2
) 1 (
4
5
x

} (doble) 1 { = Races
2
) 1

} (doble) 1 { = Races
2
) 4 ( 3 ) 16 + = + x x

(doble) 4 , 0 { = Races
) 9 )( 3 )( 3 ( 5 ) 9 )( 9 (
2 2 2
+ + = + x x x x x x x

) 4 )( 2 )(
2
+ + x x

} 2 , 2 { = Races
) 2 )( 2 )( 2 (
5
3
) 2 )(
2 2
+ + = + x x x x

Races
)( 8 )( 8 ( 5 ) 8 )( 8 (
2 2 2
+ + = + x x x x x x x
) 1 )( 1
2
+ + x

} 1 , 1 { = Races
4 )( 2 )( 2 ( ) 16 )( 4 )( 4
2 4 2 2
+ + = + + x x x x x
) 5 )( 5 + x x

} 5 , 5 (doble), 0 { = Races
2 2
) 5 ( 5 ) 25 10 + = + + x x x

(doble), 0 { = Races
} 0 { =
3 ESO
6
con ayuda de las identidades notables

} (doble)
} (doble)
} (doble)
) 5

} (doble) 2 (doble),
} (doble)

} 3 , 3 , 0 { = Races
} 2 , 2 { = Races
) 8

} 8 , 8 , 0 { = Races
) 16 )( 4
4
+ x } 2 , 2 { = Races
} (doble) 5 (doble),

5. Factoriza completamente los siguientes polinomios

a) ) 1 ( ) 25 10 ( ) 16 (
2 2 2
= + + x x x x
Los dos primeros polinomios son identidades notables y el tercero es irreducible
} 5(doble) , 4 , 4 { = Races

b) ) 2 2 ( ) 4 5 (
3 2
x x x x + +

= = +
2
) 5 ( 5
0 4 5
2
2
x x x
) 1 )( 4 ( 4 5
2
= + x x x x

( 2 ) 1 ( 2 2 2
2 3
= = + x x x x x
Por tanto,
)( 4 ( ) 2 2 ( ) 4 5 (
3 2
= + + x x x x x
} 1 , 4 (doble), 1 , 0 { = Races

c) = + ) 25 ( ) 16 8 ( ) 1 (
4 2 2
x x x x
)( 5 ( ) 4 )( 1 )( 1 (
2
+ + = x x x x x
Para factorizar los tres polinomios utilizamos las identidades notables.
} 5 , 5 (doble), 4 , 1 , 1 { = Races

d) ) 8 7 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 (
2 2 2
+ + x x x x
) 2 )( 2 ( 4
2
+ = x x x
4
2
+ x

Es irreducible

= = +
7 ( 7
0 8 7
2
x x x
) 8 )( 1 ( 8 7
2
+ = + x x x x

Por tanto,
( ) 8 7 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 (
2 2 2
= + + x x x x x
} 8 , 1 , 2 , 2 { = Races

Factoriza completamente los siguientes polinomios e indica las races en cada caso
) 1 ( ) 5 )( 4 )( 4 (
2 2
+ + = x x x x
dos primeros polinomios son identidades notables y el tercero es irreducible
=
=

=

2
3 5
2
9 5
2
16 25 5
1 2
) 4 ( 1 4
) 1 )( 1 ( + x x
)( 4 ( ) 1 ( 2 ) 1 )( 1 )( 2 )( 1 )(
2
= + x x x x x x x

= + + = ) 5 )( 5 ( ) 4 )( 1 )( 1 (
2 2 2
x x x x x
) 5 )( 5
2
+ + x

Para factorizar los tres polinomios utilizamos las identidades notables.

=
+
=

2
81 7
2
32 49 7
1 2
) 8 ( 1 4 ) 7
2
) 8 )( 1 )( 4 )( 2 )( 2
2
+ + + x x x x x

3 ESO
7
e indica las races en cada caso:
dos primeros polinomios son identidades notables y el tercero es irreducible
=
=
+
=
=
1
2
3 5
4
2
3 5
x
x

) 1 + x

=
=
=

=
8
1
2
9 7
x
x


e) 9 6 ( ) 5 6 ( ) 1 (
2 2 2
+ + + x x x x x
) 1 (
2
+ x

es irreducible

= = +
2
) 6 ( 6
0 5 6
2
x x x
) 5 )( 1 ( 5 6
2
= + x x x x

2 2
) 3 ( 9 6 = + x x x

Identidad notable
Por tanto,
2 2 2
) 9 6 ( ) 5 6 ( ) 1 ( + + + x x x x x
} (doble) 3 , 5 , 1 { = Races

f) ) 49 ( ) 75 3 (
4 3 5
+ x x x
) 25 ( 3 75 3
2 3 3 5
= = + x x x x
( ) 7 )( 7 ( 49
2 2 4
= + = x x x x
Por tanto,
5 ( 3 ) 49 )( 75 3 (
3 4 3 5
= + x x x x x
} 7 , 7 , 5 , 5 (triple), 0 { = Races

g) ) 25 ( ) 1 ( ) 8 4 (
2 2
x x x x + + +
) 2 ( 4 8 4 = + x x
1
2
+ + x x

Es irreducible
1 2
) 1 ( 1
0 1
2
2

= = + + x x x
5 ( ) 5 )( 5 ( 25
2
= + = x x x x
Por tanto,
) 25 ( ) 1 ( ) 8 4 (
2 2
= + + + x x x x
} 5 , 5 2, { = Races

h) ) 5 ( ) 16 ( ) 16 (
2 4 2
x x x
4 ( ) 4 )( 4 ( 16
2
= + = x x x x
( ) 4 )( 4 ( 16
2 2 4
= + = x x x x
) 9
=

=

2
4 6
2
16 6
2
20 36 6
1 2
5 1 4 )
2
Identidad notable
2 2
) 3 )( 5 )( 1 )( 1 ( ) + = x x x x

) 5 )( 5 ( 3
3
+ x x x
) 7 )( 7 )( 7
2
+ + x x
) 7 )( 7 )( 7 )( 5 )( 5
2
+ + + x x x x

tiene no
2
3 1
2
4 1 1
1
1 1 4

=

=

) 5 )( 5 + x
2 ( 4 )] 5 )( 5 ( )[ 1 )( 2 ( 4
2
= + + + x x x x x x
) 4 )( 4 + x
) 4 )( 2 )( 2
2
+ + x x
3 ESO
8
=
=
=
1
5
x
x

real solucin tiene
) 5 )( 5 )( 1 )( 2
2
+ + + x x x x


( ) 5 )( 5 ( 5
2
= + = x x x x
Por tanto,
)( 4 )( 2 )( 2 )( 4 )( 4 (
( ) 5 ( ) 16 ( ) 16 (
2
2 4 2
+ + + =
=
x x x x x
x x x x
} 5 , 5 , 2 , 2 , 4 , 4 { = Races

i) ) 3 6 3 ( ) 49 14 (
2 2
+ + x x x x

2 2
) 7 ( 49 14 = + x x x

2 2
) 1 2 ( 3 3 6 3 + = + x x x x
Por tanto,
2 2
( ) 3 6 3 ( ) 49 14 ( = + + x x x x x
} (doble) 1 (doble), 7 { = Races

j) ) 6 6 ( ) 12 13 ( ) 5 (
2 2
+ + + x x x x
) 5 )( 5 ( 5
2
+ = x x x

= = + +
13
0 12 13
2
x x x
) 12 )( 1 ( 12 13
2
+ + = + + x x x x

) 1 ( 6 6 6 + = + x x

Por tanto,
( ) 6 6 ( ) 12 13 ( ) 5 (
2 2
= + + + x x x x x
} 12 , (doble) 1 , 5 , 5 { = Races

s) ( 2 ) 125 ( 2 250 2
3 4
= + = + x x x x x x

) 5 )( 5 + x
) 5 )( 5 )(
)( 5 ( )[ 4 )( 2 )( 2 )( 4 )( 4
2
+
+ + + +
x x
x x x x x x
2
) 1 ( 3 = x
2 2 2 2
) 1 ( ) 7 ( 3 ) 1 )( 3 ( ) 7 = x x x x

=

=

2
11 13
2
48 169 13
1 2
12 1 4 ) 13 (
2
( 6 ) 1 ( 6 ) 12 )( 1 )( 5 )( 5 = + + + + x x x x x x
) 25 5 )( 5
2
+ + x x x

} 5 , 0 { = Races

3 ESO
9
)] 5 = +

=
=
=
12
1
11
x
x

) 12 ( ) 1 )( 5 )( 5
2
+ + + x x x

2-Factorizacic3b3n-Polinomios Soluciones de Algunos Ejercicios

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2-Factorizacic3b3n-Polinomios Soluciones de Algunos Ejercicios

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IES Juan Garca Valdemora

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