Building A Server App With SOA and WebAPI

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C# , ,
Building Server Applications

with SOA and WebAPI
Doncho Minkov
Technical Trainer
http://minkov.it
Telerik Software Academy
http://academy.telerik.com
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Table of Contents

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Application
Layers
Data Layer
Repositories Layer
Services Layer
The repository pattern
Creating repositories to unify database

interactions
Inversion
of Control and dependency Injection
Using DependencyResolver
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The Repository Pattern
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The repository
pattern wraps the access to

data stores (like databases, XML, services)
Exposes only interfaces to interact with a data
store
Used for higher code-reusability and testability
The app's business
layer contains a single

instance of a repository
Used to perform CRUD operations over the data
store
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The Repository Pattern:

Example
public interface IRepository<T>

{
T Add(T item);
IEnumerable<T> GetAll();
public interface IPlacesRepository : IRepository<PlaceDto>

{ }
public class DbPlacesRepository: IPlacesRepository
{
public PlaceDto Add(PlaceDto Add){ }
public IEnumerable<PlaceDto> GetAll(){ }
}
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Why These Repositories?
Repository pattern has the f0llowing features:
Testability of the application

When the testing of the repositories is done, they
can be mocked to test the business layer
Reusability or the repositories

When creating a new business layer working with
the same Database (like admin panel)
Extensibility of the business layer

In need of more repositories, they can be easily
produced
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Repository Pattern in
WebAPI
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Repository Pattern
in WebAPI
To use the repository pattern in WebAPI just

create an instance of the IRepository<T> interface
inside the controller
And use the repository to interact with the DB
public class PlacesController : ApiController
{
private IPlacesRepository repository;
public PlacesController()
{
this.repository = new DbPlacesRepository();
}
public IEnumerable<PlaceDto> GetAll()
{
return this.repository.GetAll();
}
}
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Repository Pattern
in WebAPI (2)
Yet in the example the controller instantiates the

repository
The controller is tightly coupled with the
DbPlacesRepository class
This can be fixed using Inversion of Control and
Dependency Injection
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Repository Pattern in
WebAPI
Live Demo
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Inversion of Control (IoC)
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Inversion
of Control is a way to loosen the

coupling between components
Makes testing easier
Makes extensibility easier
IoC is a technique that allows
coupling of
objects at run time, instead of compile time
IoC gives objects the dependencies they need
If the controller
expects an instance of the

IRepository<PlaceDto> interface, the IoC
gives it a suitable instance
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IoC Implementations
There are many ways
to implement IoC:
Factory design pattern

Service locator pattern
Dependency injection
Template method design pattern

Strategy design pattern
Etc
WebAPI has built-in dependency injection for
controllers
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Dependency injection removes the hard-coded
dependencies between objects and allows

changing them run time
The primary
idea behind DI is selection of

single implementation of interface between
many present
Decide run time which of the many
implementations of IRepository<PlaceDto> to
use for the controller
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in WebAPI
WebAPI has by default a dependency injector
for controllers, called DependencyResolver

Instantiates controllers with their default
constructor
Yet this can be changed to instantiate another

constructor
Each WebAPI application
has a
DependecyResolver, deciding how to initialize
controllers
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DependencyResolver
The dependency resolver of a WebAPI app can be

changed with a custom implementation
Create a class that inherits from
IDependencyResolver and implement its
GetService() method:
public class DbDependencyResolver: IDependencyResolver

{
static IRepository<Place> placesRep = new DbPlacesRepository();
public object GetService(Type serviceType)
{
if (serviceType == typeof(PlacesController))
return new PlacesController(placesRepository);
else
return null;
}
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Application Layers
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Application Layers
A server application is build from three layers

A data layer contains
Access to the data source (database, XML, etc)
EntityFramework DbContext, XDocument, etc
A repositories layer contains

Repositories with CRUD operations over a DB
A service layer contains

A reference to a repositories layer
A reference to the data layer
Controllers with actions for a REST API
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The Data Source
Application Layers
MS SQL, MySQL,
XML, Web services
Data Layer
Repositories
Entity Framework,
OpenAccess,
Linq-to-XML
Services Layer
(Business layer)
WebAPI controllers
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The Places Database

Creating a Sample Application
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The Places Database
Develop an application to store places of
interest
Each place has coordinates, name, a set of
categories and optional description
Every user can leave a comment or vote for a
place
The user needs to type in their username
No user authentication required
Categories have a name and set of places
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The Database
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The Database

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Create a database
for the application
i.e. using MS SQL Server

Create tables, relations, schema, etc
Create store procedures and indexes
Create everything needed for an app database
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Creating The Database

Live Demo
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The Data Layer
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The Data Layer
The data layer contains a way to connect to
the database
Entity Framework
Database-first or Code-first
ADO.NET
LINQ-to-SQL
LINQ-to-XML
Etc
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Creating the Data Layer

Live Demo
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The Repositories Layer
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The Repositories Layer
The repository
layer exposes repositories to

work with the Database
Using the Repository Pattern
The repositories
introduce methods to perform

CRUD operations over the data store
In our case over the Places database
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Creating the
Repositories Layer
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The Services Layer
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The Services layer
The Services Layer

is the layer that contains the
business logic
It uses the repositories for data interactions
Yet has no direct dependency over the data store
The Services layer
contains all the controllers

that are used by the Service Consumer
Handles computing and error handling
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The Services Layer
The Services Layer is the place where ASP.NET
WebAPI steps in
It is the only layer that is dependent to the
WebAPI framework
The Services layers
uses the repositories to

interact with the Data store and WebAPI to
communicate with the Consumers
Each controller has a repository instance for
data store interactions
The repository instances are received by IoC
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Building Server Apps with

WebAPI

Building A Server App With SOA and WebAPI

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,

BG Coder - - online judge

Building Server Applications

BG Coder - - online judge

Creating repositories to unify database

of Control and dependency Injection

BG Coder - - online judge

The Repository Pattern

BG Coder - - online judge

The Repository Pattern

pattern wraps the access to

The app's business

layer contains a single

BG Coder - - online judge

The Repository Pattern:

public interface IRepository<T>

public interface IPlacesRepository : IRepository<PlaceDto>

BG Coder - - online judge

The Repository Pattern

BG Coder - - online judge

Why These Repositories?

Repository pattern has the f0llowing features:

Testability of the application

Reusability or the repositories

Extensibility of the business layer

BG Coder - - online judge

BG Coder - - online judge

To use the repository pattern in WebAPI just

BG Coder - - online judge

Yet in the example the controller instantiates the

BG Coder - - online judge

BG Coder - - online judge

Inversion of Control (IoC)

BG Coder - - online judge

Inversion of Control (IoC)

of Control is a way to loosen the

IoC is a technique that allows

expects an instance of the

BG Coder - - online judge

There are many ways

Factory design pattern

Template method design pattern

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Dependency injection removes the hard-coded

dependencies between objects and allows

idea behind DI is selection of

BG Coder - - online judge

WebAPI has by default a dependency injector

for controllers, called DependencyResolver

Yet this can be changed to instantiate another

BG Coder - - online judge

The dependency resolver of a WebAPI app can be

public class DbDependencyResolver: IDependencyResolver

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Inversion of Control (IoC)

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A server application is build from three layers

A repositories layer contains

A service layer contains

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The Data Source

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