Grade 6 Bilingual Math

Rational number
Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
junzhou013@gmail.com
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Overview
1
Denition
2
Number axis
3
Absolute value
4
Operations of rational numbers
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Categories of real numbers
Question
Can you separate the following numbers into dierent categories?
-2.5, 3, 6.5245123, 3.14159265757...,
3
5
, 0, -2.5
Positive vs Negative vs Zero
Whole number vs Terminating decimals vs Innite decimals
Rational number vs Irrational number
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 6 Bilingual Math Rational number 3 / 13
Rational numbers
Denition of Rational numbers
A rational number is any number which can be expressed as a fraction
0.2 =
1
5
, 0.3 =
3
10
, 7 =
7
1
, 1.53 =
153
100
, 0.

2 =
2
9
Denition of Irrational numbers
A irrational number is any number which cannot be expressed as a fraction

2,

5, 6

3,
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 6 Bilingual Math Rational number 4 / 13
Summary
Rational number
whole number
fractions
recurring decimals
terminating decimals
Irrational number
the square root of any number other than square numbers
a decimal which neither repeats nor terminates
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 6 Bilingual Math Rational number 5 / 13
Number axis
Number axis
origin
unit length
positive direction
Question
How to express -1.5 and
1
4
in the above number axis?
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Exercise 1
Indicate the numbers for which points represent
Exercise 2
Draw a number axis, use points on the number axis to represent the
following numbers
3
2
, 5, 0, 5, 4,
3
2
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 6 Bilingual Math Rational number 7 / 13
Exercise 1
Indicate the numbers for which points represent
Exercise 2
Draw a number axis, use points on the number axis to represent the
following numbers
3
2
, 5, 0, 5, 4,
3
2
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 6 Bilingual Math Rational number 7 / 13
Properties
On a number axis, we have
Any rational number
represent
a point on the number axis
Points at right hand side represent larger numbers
Positive numbers > 0 > negative numbers
Opposite(inverse) number
the opposite number of 5 is -5;
the opposite number of -5 is 5;
the opposite number of 0 is 0;
Question
How to represent two opposite numbers on a number axis?
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Absolute value
Question
What is the distance between point -2 and origin point? What about
2,-1.5,1.5,...
Absolute value
the absolute value of a number is the distance between the number and
the origin point, labeled as | |
Exercise 3
Find the absolute value of the following numbers:
21, +
4
9
, 0, 7.8
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properties
Properties
absolute value of a positive number is itself
absolute value of a negative number is its opposite number
absolute value of 0 is 0
between two negative numbers, the one has larger absolute value is
smaller than the other one
Exercise: True or False
(1) the absolute value of a number is always larger than 0
(2) the opposite number of a number is always smaller than 0
(3) two numbers with the same absolute values are equal to each other
(4) the absolute values of two opposite numbers are equal to each other
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Addition and Substraction
Law of addition
addition of two numbers with the same sign:
addition of two numbers with dierent sign:
addition with 0:
commutative law: a+b=b+a
associative law: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
Exercise 4
(1) (-10)+(-1);
(2) 180+(-10);
(3) 5+(-5);
(4) 31+(-28)+28+69;
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 6 Bilingual Math Rational number 11 / 13
Subtraction
Law of subtraction
subtract a number is equivalent to plus the opposite number of it
Exercise 5
1
9-(-5);
2
(-3)-1;
3
(-5)-(-6);
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Multiplication
Law of multiplication
product of two numbers with the same sign:
product of two numbers with dierent sign:
product with 0
a a a = a
n
power: a
n
base number: a
exponent: n
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