Department of Information Technology

Laboratory of Communications Engineering

Arto Kaarna
Ti5316000 Broadband Communications
Exercise 1, week 2/11, 16.3.2006
1. The following transmission losses can be found for various cable types.
Cable type frequency Loss dB/km
Open-wire pair (0.3cm diam.) 1 kHz 0.05
Twisted-pair 10 kHz 2
100 kHz 3
300 kHz 6
Coaxial cable (1 cm diam.) 100 kHz 1
1 MHz 2
3 MHz 4
Coaxial cable (15 cm diam.) 100 MHz 1,5
Rectangular waveguide (5*2.5 cm) 10 GHz 5
Helical waveguide (5 cm diam.) 100 GHz 1.5
Fiber-optic cable 3.6*10
14
Hz 2.5
2.4*10
14
Hz 0.5
1.8*10
14
Hz 0.2
A cable of length 30km is used to transmit signals. Compare the input and output power ratios for
coaxial cabling and ber-optic cabling. What happens if the distance is doubled to 60km?
2. A 400km repeater system consists of m identical cable sections with a = 0.4dB/km and m identical
ampliers with 30dB maximun gain. Determine the required number of sections and the gain per
amplier so that P
out
= 50mW when P
in
= 2W.
3. The Snells law in geometrical optics says that
n
1
sin
1
= n
2
sin
2
where n
1
and n
2
are the refractive indices of materials 1 and 2, and
1
and
2
are angles of incidence
respectively. When

1
sin
1
n
2
n
1
then there is no refracted ray and the phenomena is called total internal reection.
In the air interface of the optic bre the total internal reection happens if

0
<
max
0
= sin
1

(n
2
1
n
2
2
n
0
where
0
and n
0
are the incident angle and the refraction coefcient of the air.
Show that the equation above is valid.