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1
MovementofMolecules
revisited
LearningObjectives
LO1 fluidcompartments
LO2 osmosisanddiffusion
LO3 tonicity
LO4 transportacrossmembranes
LO1 compartments
Totalbodywater
60%bodyweight
ECF20%bodyweight
Interstitial=80%ofECF
Plasma=20%ofECF
ICF40%bodyweight
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LO2 definitionsof..
Osmosisisthemovementofwaterthroughasemi
permeablemembrane
Watermovesfromalowtohighsoluteconcentration
Diffusionisthemovementofmoleculesthroughasemi
permeablemembrane
Moleculespassivelymovefromahightolowsoluteconcentration
LO3 tonicity
Osmolarity isdefinedasthenumberofosmoles (Osm)
ofsoluteperlitre(L)ofsolution(Osm/L).
Anosmole isaunitofmeasurementthatdescribesthe
numberofthesolute
Tonicity isthemeasureofosmoticpressure
ONLY influencedbynonpenetrating solutes
Movementofwaterdeterminedbythe
relativeosmoticpressure.
1mMofNaCl
1mMNa
1mMCl 2particles=2mOsm/L
1mMofglucose
1mM
Glucose
1particles=1mOsm/L
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Solute 2Osm 4Osm
Water 53.5M 51.5M
water
solute
initial
equilibrium
Volume 1L 1L
Solute 3Osm 3Osm
Water 52.5M 52.5M
Volume 1L 1L
Solute 2Osm 4Osm
Water 53.5M 51.5M
equilibrium
Volume 1L 1L
Solute 3Osm 3Osm
Water 52.5M 52.5M
Volume 0.67L 1.33L
water
initial
Normalcell
300mOsm ICF
400mOsm
Nonpenetratingsolutes
300mOsm
Nonpenetratingsolutes
200mOsm
Nonpenetratingsolutes
Cellshrinks Nochange Cellswells
hypotonic isotonic hypertonic
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4
Fromtheworkshop
Distilledwater=0mOsm/L=hypotonic
150mmol/LNaCl =300mOsm/L=isotonic
300mmol/LAlcohol=0mOsm/L=hypotonic
LO4 transport