TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

HCM
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TP H Ch Minh, Ngy 14 Thng 8 Nm 2009 TP H Ch Minh, Ngy 14 Thng 8 Nm 2009
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM
VIN SINH HC V CNG NGH THC PHM

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nh @Vy F Inh hang ^KD F)i H[n Dnh 6hKD 6_a ^TD nh3. {iai H3*n H;% 6_a BG Dn hia
E:3DiD :KD 6;n Dhi[D 6h3 BG H;m 6hn 6_a ^TD nh3 @ Fm 6h3 ^TD nh3 Xg3 hn. NhiAD HT
Dh6h h)E 6_a E:3DSinaza F 4/v//
3
C, m-i D:Ong Dh6h h)E F EH 4,/v/,.. C6 6hKD Phk 6i
PhI nng Dng 6Ong h3*D HTng 6_a E:3DSinaza 6qn 66 6hKD 3Jy hia 6i D6 Xjng PYm hQm.
M%Ci n 6ong 6i D6 Xjng PYm hQm h3*D HTng 6_a E:3DSinaza. <hCng 6h[ h3*D HTng Dh_y
Eh0n E:3DiD 6_a ^TD ^Lng 66h Bk Xjng HT nh*y 6_a E:3DSinaza @?i nhiAD HT, EH @ BG 6i
m\D 6_a 66 6hKD h3*D hia @ 6hKD PYm hQm.
MSn Dh_y Eh0n Dinh ^TD gm 6i

v @

vamiFaza. T6 Xjng D}ng h)E 6_a 6I

vamiFaza D:3ng Hi7% PiAn DCi Dh6h 6i DhM Dh_y Eh0n Dinh ^TD H[n 9/u. nghZa D:3ng BIn
J%KD ^nh mY 6_a hai F3*i amiFaza :KD Ph6 nha%. T6 Xjng HOng hia 6_a

vamiFaza J(6
Di[n BG F2n mSn ^TD nh3 @ Fm 6hKD F)ng BIn Eh8m DCD hn, @Y HOng D:3ng ^TD mY Ph-ng
H_ HM Fm :a ^TD mY @?i 6hKD F)ng ^Ynh DhOng. Hm F)ng 6a3 6_a amiFaza D:3ng ^TD B|
Inh hang JK% H[n D:*ng Dhi 6_a ^nh mY. ,G XSJD:in hia Dinh ^TD D:3ng DhOi gian n?ng
^nh 6_a

vamiFaza B| Fm giIm PhI nng gib n?6 6_a :%TD ^nh ! 66 XSJD:in gib n?6
Psm$. mTD mY BIn J%KD DU h*D HQ ny m;m DhOng 6i hm Fng 6a3

vamiFaza. i7% ny
6h3 DhKy :l D*i Ba3 ^TD FKy DU h*D HQ nIy m;m F*i 6i 6hKD F)ng DhKE HCi @?i 6-ng nghA BIn
J%KD ^nh mY. Cong 6;n nhKn m*nh :Lng

vamiFaza 6_a 66 ng%n Ph6 nha% DhY 6i Dnh

6hKD nh*y 6Im Ph-ng giCng nha%, PhI nng HOng hia Ph6 nha%, @ X3 Hi Inh hang
Ph6 nha% H[n 6hKD F)ng ^nh mY.
ymiFaza 6_a nKm mC6 6hW mKD h3*D Dnh a nhiAD HT ."v .8u, X3 Hi Ph-ng 6i Inh
hang JK% H[n D:*ng Dhi 6_a :%TD ^nh D:3ng DhOi gian n?ng !@Y F(6 Hi Dinh ^TD HQ h hia
h3n D3n$. M%Cn giIm HT h3*D HTng Dh_y Eh0n Dinh ^TD D:3ng D:Ong h)E 6;n Dhi[D 6i DhM
Dng HT aJiD 6_a ^TD nh3, nh @Vy B| Fm PYm hQm nhanh 6hing vamiFaza D:3ng DhOi gian
n?ng.
Ng3i :a D:3ng ^TD mY 6qn 6i 66 S6mSn Ph6 6ong 6i Inh hang H[n 6hKD F)ng 6_
^nh mY nh FiEaza, FiE3JiXaza, Di:3ni:aza. 1iEaza 6i D6 Xjng Fm Dng HT aJiD 6_a ^TD mY.
1iE3JiXaza 6i Inh hang :c :AD H[n Dnh 6hKD 6_a gF%DSn @ Dnh 6hKD @VD F 6_a ^TD nh3.
Ti:3ni:aza 6i D6 Xjng 3Jy hia Fiz3zin D*3 Dhnh 66 6hKD 6i m% DCi, 6hnh R% D:Ynh ny
Fm 6h3 ^TD nh3 @ ^nh mY 6i m% B`m.
nh gi lng ca bt m:
ChKD F)ng ^TD mY H)6 Hnh gi DhS3 Di2% 6h%8n 6_a nh n?6. C6 6hW BC D:3ng Di2%
6h%8n 6hKD F)ng ^TD mY H)6 H\6 D:ng ^Lng DYnh D:*ng @A Binh @ h*ng 6_a ^TD, 66 6hW BC
@7 Dnh 6hKD n?6 ^nh Ph-ng H)6 Di2% 6h%8n hia D:U hm F)ng gF%DSn ?D D:3ng ^TD mY.
C6 6hW BC 6hKD F)ng Ky gm 6i @', m]i, HT nhi&m D:]ng, hm F)ng BfD @ HT 8m.
mTD Ph-ng 6i m]i F*, @' F*, Ph-ng ^' nhi&m D:]ng, hm F)ng 6hKD Bf6 Ph-ng R%
#mgx1Pg ^TD mY. T 8m EhIi nhc hn 1#v1#,/u !a 1i2n mang Nga F 1/v1/,/u$.
C6 h*ng ^TD Ph6 nha% DhY Ph6 nha% @7 HT D:3, HT D:fng, HT m'n, HT aJiD @ hm
F)ng gF%DSn ?D !HT D:fng @ HT aJiD Ph-ng Ehj Dh%T6 @3 6hW BC Di2% 6h%8n 6hKD F)ng
^TD$.
T D:3 F 6hW BC 6 ^In HM J6 H'nh h*ng 6_a ^TD, Dh2m @3 Hi ngOi Da 6qn Dh2m HT
D:fng @ HT m'n nba. Cqn HT aJiD @ hm F)ng gF%DSn Di Ph-ng DhM H\6 D:ng 6h3 h*ng
6_a ^TD mY @Y 66 6hW BC ny F%-n F%-n ^i[n HTng.
C6 6hW Di2% Hnh gi 6hKD F)ng ^TD H)6 D:Ynh ^y a ^Ing 11" !DhS3 Di2% 6h%8n 9iAD
Nam$ ^Ing 11/ !DhS3 Di2% 6h%8n 6_a Nga$.
(:ng ..=. C6 6hW BC 6hKD F)ng 6_a ^TD mY
T D:3:
H*ng 6_a ^TD H)6 H\6 D:ng ^Lng hm F)ng 6m !@c R%I, @c h*D$. =6 H'nh D:?6
Di[E hm F)ng 6m 6i Phi Phn, X3 Hi h*ng 6_a ^TD H)6 DhM hiAn gin Di[E R%a HT D:3,
J6 H'nh HT D:3 Dng HCi Hn giIn hn. T D:3 6_a nTi nho F(a mY @3 Ph3Ing 0,4v0,4/u,
HT D:3 6_a 6m Ph3Ing "v8,/u. n3 Hi 66
^TD mY h*ng 6a3 6hNa nhi7% D:3 hn 66 h*ng ^TD mY DhKE. Nhi7% n?6 D:2n Dh[ gi?i HQ
FKy HT D:3 Fm 6hW BC 6 ^In HM J6 H'nh h*ng 6_a ^TD mY.
T m'n:
T m'n 6_a ^TD H\6 D:ng 6h3 HT nghi7n. mTD Dh%T6 h*ng 6a3 DhY m'n hn, nghZa F gm 66
Eh;n Dk nhc hn. T m'n 6_a ^TD Inh hang H[n gi D:' DhG6 Eh8m @ Dnh 6hKD n?ng ^nh
6_a ^TD. T:3ng R% D:Ynh D*3 Dhnh ^TD nh3, ^TD 6i P6h Dh?6 F?n Bg 6hVm D:ng na,
6hVm F2n mSn @ R% D:Ynh PS3 hia Ph-ng DhM JIy :a @?i DC6 HT nhanh. mTD 6ng m'n DhY
6ng 6i Hi7% PiAn DCD 6h3 S6mSn D6 Xjng, @ 6ng XM hYnh Dhnh ^TD nh3.

13*i ^TD
C6 6hW BC
mTD mY Dt FA Dh% ^TD
"/u
mTD mY Dt FA Dh%
^TD 80u
T D:3 Ph-ng R%, u
Hm F)ng gF%DSn ?D, u
Tt FA D:2n Bng 29 mfDx6m, u
Tt FA D:2n Bng #2 mfDx6m, u
Tt FA D:2n Bng #8 mfDx6m, u
T*E 6hKD 6D B*n Ph-ng R%, u
0.8
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<h-ng R% #
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T D:fng:
C6 F?E @c R%I @c h*D DhOng 6hNa nhi7% Bf6 DC, nTi nho 6hNa nhi7% Bf6 DC hn. mTD
6ng D:fng 6hNng Dc 6ng F`n D @c, ^In Dh0n nTi nho 6i 6hNa Bf6 DC 6a:3Din3iD n2n ^TD
DhOng 6i m% D:fng ng. T D:fng 6_a ^TD Ph-ng EhIi F(6 n3 6ong R%an hA 6h\6 6h| @?i
HT D:3, 6qn @c R%I @c h*D F%-n 6i m% nhng hm F)ng D:3 F*i Dng HCi D hn.
,C F)ng @ 6hKD F)ng gF%DSn:
Ti2% 6h%8n ^TD mY @7 BC F)ng gF%DSn HQ H)6 D:Ynh ^y a ^Ing 114. {F%DSn 6_a 66
^TD h*ng 6a3 DhOng 6i m% Bang hn @ HT h(D n?6 F?n hn. mTD 6i hm F)ng gF%DSn
6a3 DhOng 6i Dnh 6hKD n?ng ^nh 6a3. Nhng Dnh 6hKD n?ng ^nh 6qn Ehj Dh%T6 nhi7%
@3 6hKD F)ng 6_a gF%DSn nba.
T aJiD 6_a ^TD:
HTD @ ^TD F%-n 6i Dnh aJiD Hi F X3 D:3ng ^TD 6i 66 m%Ci Eh3DEhaD aJiD, 66 aJiD ^s3
DG X3 @ 66 aJiD hb% 6 Ph6 !Fa6Di6, aJSDi6,..$. C6 aJiD Hi H)6 D3 Dhnh ^Lng R% D:Ynh
Dh_y Eh0n ^Lng mSn D:3ng R% D:Ynh ^I3 R%In hTD h3\6 ^TD. T:3ng R% D:Ynh BIn J%KD ^nh
mY, ngOi Da J6 H'nh HT aJiD 6h%ng 6_a ^TD, ^n Dhnh Eh8m @ Dhnh Eh8m. T aJiD F
mTD F)ng 66 aJiD @ 66 6hKD 6i Dnh aJiD @ H)6 ^iM% Xi&n ^Lng HT Nayman !
0
N$. T
aJiD 6_a ^TD mY X%ng D:3ng 6-ng nghiAE BIn J%KD ^nh mY H)6 R%i H'nh D:3ng Ph3Ing #v
/
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N , n[% ^iM% Xi&n ^Lng Ph DhY DU /,8v.,#.
....;. N>8 8?n:
Ch_ng F2n mSn F S1@@h1A!8y@?B @?A?C4B41?, F2m mSn D:3ng Hi7% PiAn y[m Ph
6h%yMn HOng Dhnh :)% @ C~
2

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Dh3D :a B| Fm 6h3 ^nh 6i 6K% D:(6 na JCE.
T[ ^3 nKm mSn gm 6i @c D[ ^3, n%y2n Binh 6hKD, h*6h D[ ^3, nTi ^3 R%an, Ph-ng ^3
@ 66 6hKD Ph6.
9c D[ ^3 6K% D*3 6h_ y[% F 66 E3FyBa66ha:iXS. T:3ng D[ ^3 6i E:3DSin @ FiE3:3DSin. C6
6hKD Xinh Xeng hqa Dan Hi R%a @c m @3 D:3ng D[ ^3 @ BG D:a3 H}i 6hKD H)6 Di[n hnh
D:3ng D[ ^3. 9c D[ ^3 6i 6hNa 66 S6mSn, mTD Eh;n 66 S6mSn nLm a m\D D:3ng @ mTD
Eh;n 66 S6mSn nLm a m\D ng3i 6_a @c D[ ^3.
Ng%y2n Binh 6hKD F mTD 6hKD Fcng nh?D, 6K% D*3 DU 66 6hKD E:3DSin, FiEiX, gF%6iX. C6 R%
D:Ynh F2n mSn R%an D:5ng H7% Xi&n :a a ng%y2n Binh 6hKD.
T:3ng Ph-ng ^3 6i 6hNa X'6h D[ ^3, D:3ng Hi 6i hqa Dan m%Ci, S6mSn @ 66 6hKD PS3.
Ng3i :a D:3ng D[ ^3 6qn 6i 6hKD ^s3, @3F%Din, gFy63gSn.
{Fy63gSn h3\6 Dinh ^TD HTng @VD F 6hKD Xinh Xeng XG D:b 6_a nKm mSn. ChKD ^s3 Ph-ng
EhIi F 6K% Dk 6;n Dhi[D EhIi 6i D:3ng D[ ^3. nhbng D[ ^3 n3n, 6hKD ^s3 6i :KD D, D[ ^3
6ng D:ang Dhnh DhY F)ng 6hKD ^s3 6ong Dng DhS3
93F%Din F h)E 6hKD niD, Hi F X`n J%KD 6_a a6iX n%FSi6.
T[ ^3 nKm mSn 6i P6h Dh?6 Dhay H}i DU /v 10m 6hi7% Xi @ /v " m 6hi7% Xy D]y
DhS3 HT D%}i giai H3*n F2n mSn Hi7% PiAn F2n mSn @ @qng HOi
Hnh 1. .T[ ^3 nKm mSn nhYn X?i Pnh hiMn @i HiAn Dk
Thnh Eh;n hia h56 D:%ng ^Ynh 6_a mSn ^nh m
N?6: .8 "/u CSFF%F3BS: 1,8u
P:3DSin: 1# 14u 1iEiX: 0,9 2u
{Fy63gSn: .,8 8u T:3: 1," 2,/u
T:3ng nKm mSn 6qn 6hNa nhi7% @iDamin @ 66 6hKD Binh D:ang. C6 @iDamin D:3ng nKm
mSn gm 6i: n, m1, m2, m., PP, a6iX EanD3DSni6, a6iX 3Fi6. T:3ng D[ ^3 nKm mSn 6qn 6i
^i3Din F 6hKD P6h Dh6h Binh D:ang m*nh.
Ph;n F?n n?6 6_a nKm mSn H7% Fi2n P[D @?i 66 6hKD PS3 D:3ng D[ ^3 !4. /#u$. T[ ^3
^' mKD n?6 R% nhi7% DhY nKm mSn B| ^' 6h[D.
{;n mTD nka 6hKD Ph- D:3ng nKm mSn F E:3DSin. H)E 6hKD E:3DSin 6_a nKm mSn gm 6i:
aF^%mim, gF%^%Fin, n%6FS3vE:3DSin, Eh3BEh3:E:3DSiX @ gF%63E:3DSiX. T:3ng BC 66 E:3DSin
EhIi PM H[n gF3DaDi3n F 6hKD gib @ai D:q R%an D:5ng 6_a nKm mSn, 6i gi D:' Xinh Xeng :KD
6a3.
C6 6hKD Ph3ng D:3ng nKm mSn 6h_ y[% gm: <, P, Mg, Ca @ S. T:3ng nKm mSn 6i
6hNa 66 ng%y2n DC @i F)ng yF, ma, mi, C%hy6iX Eh3BEh3:i6 D:3ng nKm mSn gib mTD @ai
D:q H\6 ^iAD R%an D:5ng D:3ng BG BCng 6_a D[ ^3, y6iX ny Dham gia @3 BG D:a3 H}i gF%6iX,
Hi7% 6hWnh EH 6_a m-i D:Ong Xinh Xeng.
T[ ^3 nKm mSn Binh BIn ^Lng 66h Eh0n nhnh. ThOi gian Binh BIn hYnh Dhnh D[ ^3 m?i
Ph3Ing #0v40 Eh(D, nhng D:3ng m-i D:Ong ^TD 6;n 2,/v # giO. TC6 HT Binh BIn Ehj Dh%T6
@3 Dhnh Eh;n @ nng HT 6hKD Xinh Xeng 6_a m-i D:Ong, nhiAD HT, EH @ mN6 HT Bj6
Ph-ng Ph. NhiAD HT Dh6h h)E 6h3 nKm mSn Dh6h h)E Binh BIn F 29v#1
0
C, HT EH Dh6h
h)E /v/,8.
ThN6 n n%-i D[ ^3 nKm mSn gm 6i 66 h)E 6hKD niD, h)E 6hKD Ph3ng, 66 gF%6iX,
@iDamin @ 66 6hKD Binh D:ang, D:?6 h[D nKm mSn Di2% hia 66 a6iX aminS, Ba% Hi m?i
H[n 66 BIn Eh8m Dh_y Eh0n E:3DSin, nKm mSn h;% nh Ph-ng Di2% hia 66 E:3DSin DG
nhi2n, 66 m%Ci F%-n F ng%n DhN6 n az3DS DCD 6h3 nKm mSn. NKm mSn Di2% hia g;n h3n
D3n niD 6_a am3nia6, 6qn 66 niD:aDS @ niD:iDS Fm 6h3 D[ ^3 nKm mSn ^' D:(ng HT6.
NKm mSn 6;n DhN6 n Ph3ng 6i 6hNa P, <, Mg, Sh66 @iDamin @ 66 6hKD Binh D:ang
6h3 D[ ^3 nKm mSn mTD Eh;n HM D}ng h)E D:3ng nTi D[ ^3, mTD Eh;n 6;n HM a X*ng XG D:b,
Hi F m1, m2, m., PP, ^i3Din, a6iX EanD3nSi6, a6iX 3Fi6.
C6 gF%6iX 6;n 6h3 nKm mSn HM Fm @VD FiA% J0y XGng n2n D[ ^3 @ HM Fm ng%n nng
F)ng. NKm mSn Di2% hia 66 gF%6iX Ph6 nha%. C6 D[ ^3 mSn Di2% hia D:?6 Di2n F
hS6J3BS, Ba% Hi F Ba66ha:3BS @ maFD3BS. NKm man Ph-ng Di2% hia Fa6D3BS @ 66
E3FyBa66ha:iXS 6a3 hn. NKm mSn 6hW Di2% hia D:G6 Di[E HOng Hn giIn !Ba66ha:3BS @
maFD3BS H)6 Dh_y Eh0n B ^T ^Lng S6mSn 6_a nKm mSn.
T:3ng 6-ng nghA BIn J%KD ^nh mY giai H3*n F2n mSn ^TD mY Hing @ai D:q R%y[D H'nh H[n
6hKD F)ng ^nh mY.r% D:Ynh F2n mSn H)6 DhG6 hiAn ^ai nKm mSn. <hi Hi nKm mSn B|
6h%yMn h3 HOng 6i D:3ng ^TD mY Dhnh 6n @ C~
2
DhS3 Ehng D:Ynh EhIn Nng Ba%:
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2
H)6 D*3 Dhnh B| ^' gib F*i D:3ng 66
m*ng gF%DSn. {F%DSn D:3ng ^TD mY F*i F E:3DSin :KD H\6 ^iAD 6h(ng 6i Dnh 6hKD Hn hi @
D*3 m*ng. <hi n?ng ^nh mY a nhiAD HT 6a3 C~
2
B| Dng DhM D6h, m*ng gF%DSn B| 6ng :a
@ D*3 Dhnh nhbng D(i 6hNa C~. <hi nhiAD 6a3 hn C~
2
B| Dh3D :a Phci D(i 6hNa ni @ D*3
:a nhbng F4 JCE D:3ng ^nh. <[D R%I F ^nh 6i HT JCE, PhI nng F2n mSn 6ng m*nh, HT
JCE 6_a ^nh 6ng nhi7% ^nh 6ng na @ DhM D6h ^nh 6ng Dng.
Ci ^a F3*i nKm mSn DhOng H)6 Bk Xjng D:3ng ^nh mY:
....;.. N>8 8?n DE
NKm mSn sE H)6 BIn J%KD DU 66 6h%y2n BIn J%KD nKm mSn, nh my :)% ^ia @ 66 nh
my Fm ^nh mY. T:3ng X'6h ^Q 6_a nh my :)% ^ia :W HOng 6i 6hNa :KD nhi7% nKm
mSn D:3ng PhCi X'6h ^Q n[% DVn Xjng B| :KD Pinh D[. Ng%y2n FiA% 6hnh HM BIn J%KD nKm mSn
^nh mY F :W HOng !DU 66 nh my HOng$ Dhnh Eh;n :W HOng gm 6i HOng 40v/0u
6hKD Ph-ng HOng, n?6 20v2.u.
M%Cn 6h%8n ^' m-i D:Ong Xinh Xeng 6h3 nKm mSn ngOi Da Eha F3Qng mVD :W HOng @?i
n?6. r% D:Ynh BIn J%KD nKm mSn H)6 DhG6 hiAn DhS3 66 ^?6 6hnh nh Ba%:
yJiD h3 m-i D:Ong ^Lng H
2
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6h(ng Da D6h D*E 6hKD Ph-ng 6;n Dhi[D.
Th2m ! NH
4
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4
, ^i3Din HM Dng ng%n Xinh Xeng 6h3 nKm mSn @ HM Dng DC6
HT EhD D:iMn 6_a nKm mSn.
,a% Hi 6Ky nKm mSn giCng @3 m-i D:Ong @ Dh}i Ph Fi2n Dj6 @3 X'6h n%-i nKm mSn Ps3
Xi 12v18 giO. <[D R%I Dh% H)6 80v100g nKm mSn D:3ng mTD FD m-i D:Ong. n%ng X'6h
H)6 Fy D0m HM D6h nKm mSn, nKm mSn Dh% H)6 HSm sE HM F3*i :a n?6 DhUa @ ^I3 R%In
a 0v4
0
C. NKm mSn sE 6i m% @ng nh*D, HT 8m "/u.
....;.; N>8 8?n FhG
NKm mSn Ph- H)6 BIn J%KD DU nKm mSn sE 6i 6hKD F)ng 6a3. T:?6 Phi BKy Ph- nKm
mSn H)6 D:Tn @?i ^TD mY @ BKy 6h0n Ph-ng H[n HT 8m ",/v8u !nhi7% nh nghi2n 6N% 6h3
:Lng n[% BKy HT 8m X?i .u DhY E:3DiX 6_a D[ ^3 nKm mSn ^' ^i[n Dnh, Snzym 6_a nKm
mSn ^' mKD h3*D Dnh$. T 8m nKm mSn Ph- Ph-ng R% 11v12u.
,3 @?i nKm mSn ?D DhY nKm mSn Ph- ^I3 R%In F0% @ @Vn 6h%yMn X&, D%y nhiAn h3*D Dnh
DhKE hn B3 @?i nKm mSn sE.
....;.<. N>8 8?n 3Hng
NKm mSn Fcng F X'6h nKm mSn 6ha Eh0n HM D6h nKm mSn. <hi X]ng nKm mSn Fcng EhIi
F% H[n hm F)ng n?6 D:3ng nKm mSn Fcng HM D:nh ^TD nh3 ^' nhQ3
....<. NIJ@
....<... TKnh @h>7
N?6 H)6 hYnh Dhnh ^ai hai ng%y2n Dk hyX:3 @ mTD ng%y2n Dk 3Jy. N?6 6i 6-ng DhN6
Hn giIn F H
2
~. CK% D*3 6_a mTD Hn Eh0n Dk n?6 F mTD hYnh Dam gi6 60n, D:3ng Hi
HWnh F ng%y2n Dk 3Jy, a hai g36 6_a Hy F hai E:3D3n, gi6 giba hai Fi2n P[D ~vH ^Lng
104,/
3
. T Xi giba h*D nh0n 6_a ng%y2n Dk 3Jy @ hyX:3 D:3ng Fi2n P[D ~vH F 0,9.y
3
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v8
6m$. C6 Hm m0y HiAn Dk ^C D: D:2n Eh0n Dk n?6 nh Ba%:
HYnh 1.#
v MTD 6\E ^2n D:3ng ^a3 R%anh h*D nh0n 6_a 3Jy
v Hai 6\E ^2n ng3i Eh0n ^C R%anh nh0n 6_a hyX:3 nhng nghi2ng @7 nh0n 6_a 3Jy
v Cqn hai 6\E 6qn F*i 6_a 3Jy Fm Eh0n 6G6 0m D*i ng%y2n Dk 3Jy.
Hnh 1.!. Ph0n Dk n?6
MVD HT HiAn D6h Eh0n ^C D:2n Eh0n Dk n?6 nh hYnh ^2n. Ta nhVn DhKy BG Eh0n 6G6 :i
:ng D:3ng Eh0n Dk n?6. NhO @3 BG Eh0n 6G6 ny m n?6 6i PhI nng hqa Dan H)6
nhi7% h)E 6hKD Ph6 nha%.
T:3ng Eh0n Dk n?6 6i BG Eh0n 6G6 :KD :l, n2n n?6 6i PhI nng hqa Dan X& Xng 66 i3n
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h*D Dinh ^TD @ nhbng h)E Eh;n Ph6 6i D:3ng ^TD mY.
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Xjng m%Ci nh F mTD:
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ngh'6h HCi @?i mTD BC @i Binh. T:3ng @qng F3*i DhN6 n, m%Ci HVm H\6 B| D6h n?6 6_a
66 D[ ^3 @i Ph%8n, Dhay E B%KD Dh8m DhK% @ Pi7m 6h[ DC6 HT Dng D:ang @i Ph%8n g0y h
hcng.
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Hng ^T h*D, Fm m*nh ^TD nnh3. 9?i m%Ci ny, gF%DSn 6hNa nhi7% n?6 @ mTD F)ng Ph
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Phi h[D DhOi gian nh3 ^TD HQ H)6 F2n mSn mTD Eh;n M%Ci n 6i Inh hang H[n D:*ng Dhi
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Di[n, Hng DhOi h*n 6h[ BG EhD D:iMn 6_a nKm mSn F*.
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HCi @?i mTD BC BIn Eh8m DhG6 Eh8m.
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nKm mSn 6ha Dh_y Eh0n H)6 6 6hKD D:3ng ^TD nh3 HM EhD D:iMn, nKm mSn B| Bk Xjng
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N6 6h[ X3 D*3 :a E B%KD Dh8m DhK% PYm hQm BG EhD D:iMn 6_a nKm mSn. Ch3 HOng @3 ^TD
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nhanh 6hing g0y mKD gi D:' 6Im R%an 6h3 BIn Eh8m.
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Ph6.
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HT 8m nhKD H'nh$. MaFD H)6 Bk Xjng X?i X*ng Ph- hqa Dan Dhnh X%ng X'6h HOng. Ch[
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vMaFD: 0./ 1u D:5ng F)ng ^TD nh3
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v ThOi gian Dh_y Eh0n 6_a SnzymS hyX:3Faza Xi X3 Hi 6h% P BIn J%KD Xi
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v nzym Dh%t Eh0n E:3DiX, nh E:3DSaBS, D6 Xjng 6_a 6h(ng F Dh%t Eh0n E:3DiX 6i 6K% D:(6
EhN6 D*E Dhnh nhbng h)E 6hKD Hn giIn, 6h(ng 6fD HND mCi Fi2n P[D giba E:3DiX @?i n?6.
T:3ng 6-ng H3*n nh3 ^TD mTD BC E:3DiX Ph-ng Dan D:3ng n?6 B| Fi2n P[D @?i n?6 Fm 6h3
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vamyFaBS
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9 Pr(t"a#"
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nKm @ @i:%B$ H[n DhG6 @VD !H% H_, XNa...$ @ HTng @VD !gan, X* Xy ^2...$. ,3 @?i E:3DSaBS
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6K% D:(6, PhCi F)ng @ hYnh X*ng Eh0n Dk n2n :KD Phi D6h :a X?i X*ng Dinh DhM Hng nhKD.
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h3*D HTng @a 6i @ai D:q H\6 ^iAD R%an D:5ng HCi @?i h3*D HTng J(6 D6 6_a SnzymS
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E:3DSinaBS ^a3 gm 66 E:3DSinaBS DhG6 @VD nh EaEayin, ^:3mSFin, mTD @i E:3DSin HTng
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Dnh, 6i Dnh H\6 hiA% 6 6hKD :Tng.
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^a3 gm 66 SnzymS Di2% hia nh: ESEBin, 6hym3Bin, 6aDhSEBin, :Snin. C6 aBEa:Di6
E:3DSinaBS 6i 6hNa nhim 6a:^3JyF D:3ng D:%ng D0m h3*D HTng @ DhOng h3*D HTng m*nh a
EH D:%ng Dnh.
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mC6 6ong nh 66 @i Binh @VD ^V6 6a3 hn. C6 mSDaFF3 E:3DSinaBS DhOng h3*D HTng @]ng
EH D:%ng Dnh @ h3*D HT giIm m*nh X?i D6 Xjng 6_a nTy.
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v P:3DSaBS a6iX: EH 2v4
v P:3DSaBS D:%ng Dnh: EH "v8
v P:3DSaBS Pi7m: EH 9v11
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nhi7% hn hai 6hKD Fcng Ph-ng hqa Dan DhY 6hKD h3*D hia ^7 m\D Fm Dng XiAn D6h Di[E J(6
giba hai 6hKD Fcng Hi. <hi hqa 6hKD h3*D hia ^7 m\D @3 D:3ng mTD 6hKD Fcng DhY 66 Eh0n Dk
6_a 6hKD h3*D hia ^7 m\D 6i J% h?ng D*3 Hm !mi6SFFS, H)6 X'6h F miJSn$, nng HT m
D*i Hi 66 Eh0n Dk ^fD H;% D*3 Hm H)6 g5i F n=ng 7 t>( 7m t1i h>n. N[% 6hKD Fcng F
n?6 DhY 66 Eh0n Dk B| 6hjm H%-i P' n?6 F*i @?i nha% @ R%ay H;% a n?6 :a D*3 n2n
nhbng hYnh X*ng Ph6 nha% nh hYnh 6;% !0 6hi7%$, hYnh D:j !1 6hi7%$, mng !2 6hi7%$.
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ChKD h3*D hia Xng: Phi ^' Eh0n 6G6 DhY H;% Eh0n 6G6 mang HiAn Xng
ChKD h3*D hia 0m: Phi ^' Eh0n 6G6 DhY H;% Eh0n 6G6 mang HiAn 0m
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mang HiAn Xng D]y @3 EH 6_a X%ng m-i, @ Xj: n3XS6yF Him2DyFamin -JD.
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Hn Eh0n Dk 6i D6 Xjng Fm Xnh 66 Eh0n Dk @VD 6hKD, X3 Hi Fm Dng HT ^7n nho Dng.
T:3ng ^TD nh3, 66 6hKD h3*D HTng ^7 m\D D*3 Dhnh h)E 6hKD hKE Ehj 6_a E:3DiD @ Dinh
^TD, X3 Hi Fm Dng Ph nng h(D n?6 6_a gF%DSn Fm 6h3 gF%DSn Hn hi hn @ Fm 6hVm
R% D:Ynh Dh3i hia 6_a Dinh ^TD Phi ^I3 R%In ^nh mY.
C6 6hKD h3*D HTng ^7 m\D X]ng HM Fm Dng 6hKD F)ng ^nh mY DhOng X]ng F 66 X'6h
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FiA%. Thnh Eh;n 6_a X'6h H\6:
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Ph-ng H)6 R% # /mg i3D D:3ng 100mF X%ng X'6h, F)ng 6h3 @3 ^TD nh3 F 0./ 1.0u
Dnh DhS3 PhCi F)ng ^TD.
9 Ah&t t>( nhC tng T D ? T D :
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6h%8n Dh-ng DhOng @ X]ng Fm PSm, n?ng ^nh. Hai DhYa Ma6ga:in 6hNa 88 6aF3 @ 10g
6hKD ^s3, Ph-ng 6hNa C3FSBDS:3F.
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HiA% R%I 6_a 6hKD D*3 nho Dng Dng F2n :l :AD Phi 6h3 Dh2m @3 ^TD nh3 1 D 6hKD ^s3 @
HOng 6ong nh 6h3 Dh2m ^:3maD PaFi !0.002 0.00#u$
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M 3Ji hia 66 BIn Eh8m ngOi Da DhOng X]ng a6iX 6iD:i6, a6iX a6SDi6, a6iX maFi6, a6iX
DaD:i6h h;% h[D 66 a6iX ny H7% Dham gia @3 @iA6 D*3 Dhnh hng @' 6h3 ^nh mY.
NgOi Da X]ng 66 a6iX ny Fm Dng 6hKD F)ng ^nh, H\6 ^iAD D:3ng D:Ong h)E 6h%8n ^'
^TD nh3 ^Lng Eh%3ng EhE :(D g5n. Phi 6h%8n ^' ^TD nh3 Ph-ng R%a R% D:Ynh F2n mSn DhY
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Thuyt minh quy trnh:
;... Chuin W C" tnh 3Igng nguy2n 345u:
;..... Chuin W W67:
Ti[n hnh: Da EhIi :0y ^TD Fm B*6h D*E 6hKD F`n @3 D:3ng ^TD @ D:Tn ^TD.
Mj6 H6h:
v d0y ^TD nhLm mj6 H6h F3*i ^c 66 D*E 6hKD D:3ng ^TD n0ng 6a3 6hKD F)ng ^nh mY
Dhnh Eh8m.
v T:?6 Phi Ha ^TD @3 BIn J%KD, Da EhIi Di[n hnh D:Tn ^TD HM Dh% H)6 mTD F5ai ^TD
6i Dhnh Eh;n @ Dnh 6hKD J6 H'nh, HIm ^I3 6hKD F)ng Hng nhKD 6_a ^nh !@Y ^TD m
nhVE @3 66 nh my 6i DhM Ph6 nha% X3 nhi7% ng%y2n nh0n$. <hi Da D:Tn ^TD 6h3 n?6
@3 HM Ehj6 @j 6h3 R% D:Ynh F2n mSn, Fm 60n ^Lng F*i R% D:Ynh F2n mSn @ R%y[D H'nh
mTD Eh;n gi D:' 6Im R%an @ gi D:' Xinh Xeng 6_a BIn Eh8m
Thi[D ^' : Da 6i DhM Bk Xjng Day HM D:Tn ^TD !Ehng EhE Dh_ 6-ng$. Ng3i :a D:3ng 6-ng
nghiAE ngOi Da 6qn Bk Xjng my D:Tn ^TD
;...;. Chuun W nguy2n 345u EhT:
MTD BC ng%y2n FiA% Ehj nh m%Ci, HOng, nKm mSnh H7% H6 6h%8n ^' Bn D:?6 Phi
Di[n hnh nh3 ^TD. Ng3i :a ngOi Da 6qn 6h3 @3 ^TD nzymB, DhOng D:3ng ^nh m
ngOi Da 6h3 yFEha amyFaBS, P:3DSinaBS, 3JiXaBS, FiEaBSh
C 6h[: T:3ng giai H3*n n?ng 6h3 66 SnzymS ny @3 B| Dng R% D:Ynh F2n mSn @Y D6
HTng 6_a %ngaF amyFaBS F2n Dinh ^TD D:3ng ^nh mY D:3ng Ph3Ing nhiAD HT DU // .0
0
C
@ ^' N6 6h[ a nhiAD HT ./ .8
0
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HTng ^ai %ngaF amyFaBS. 9?i mTD F)ng @Ua H_, ni 6i DhM Fm 6hVm F*i R% D:Ynh PS3
hia 6_a ^TD D:3ng ^nh mY D:3ng F(6 n?ng, Fm giIm DhOi gian n?ng.
v 1i7% F)ng 6h3 @3: 100v1/0
H9nh ;... MXy 7A6n W67 (Or`
v ThOi HiMm 6h3 @3: Ch3n ngay Ba% Phi 6h%8n ^' PhCi ^TD
MaDF: 6i DhM 6i h3\6 Ph-ng, 6hW Bk Xjng a 66 n?6 D:2n Dh[ gi?i.
Mj6 H6h:
v MTD BC nKm mSn EhIi h3*D hia D:?6 Phi Bk Xjng, nghZa F D*3 m-i D:Ong 6h3 mKm
mSn Dh%Vn F)i EhKD D:iMn. NKm mSn DhOng H)6 Bk Xjng X?i X*ng X%ng X'6h. 9Y Dh[ HM
Dng 6Ong h3*D HTng 6_a nKm mSn, ngOi Da 6h3 mSn h3*D hia @3 X%ng X'6h nKm mSn.
v C6 ng%yAn FiA% Ph6 nh m%Ci, HOng, n?6h HM Ehj6 @j 6h3 66 6-ng H3*n Ba%
nh: n?6 X%ng HM nh3 ^TD, D:Tn ^TD, m%Ci HM D*3 @'h
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6h\D Ph%ng gF%DSn, Dng 6Ong gF%DSn, 6Ii D*3 6K% D:(6.
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v ThOi HiMm 6h3 @3: ngay Ba% Phi 6h%8n ^' ^TD nh3 J3ng
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Mj6 H6h: Fm 6h3 nKm mSn 6i Hi7% PiAn Dh%Vn F)i HM EhD D:iMn Hng DhOi :(D ngfn DhOi
gian F2n mSn.
Ti[n hnh: Ta 6h3 DKD 6I 66 6hKD @3 nh3 Da Dh% H)6 mTD h4n h)E Hng nhKD gm: ^TD,
n?6, mSn, m%Ci @ 66 Dhnh Eh;n Ph6. T:3ng Ph0% ny Da 6h3:
v Tinh bt h= ha: Fm Dng Dh2m hm F)ng HOng D:3ng ^TD nh3 @ D*3 EhIn Nng
6a:SmSn Phi Dinh ^TD Dh_y Eh0n Dhnh HOng D*3 m% Bf6 @c HpE hn D:3ng R% D:Ynh
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6h3 R% nhi7% B| PYm hIm BG Binh BIn 6_a D[ ^3 nKm mSn @ R% D:Ynh F2n mSn.
v Rng: D:3ng Ph0% ny Da 6h3 mTD F)ng nhc HOng HM Dng 6aF3,@' ng3n @ D*3
m% 6h3 ^nh nhng EhIi DhCng 6h[ F)ng 6h3 @3 @Y a nhiAD HT 6a3 HOng ^' Eh0n h_y
D*3 EhIn Nng MaiFFa:X 6i m% Jm.
@e Fi2n P[D E:3DSin 6_a 66 mSn Dh_y Eh0n E:3DSin, Fm Inh hang H[n Dnh 6hKD @VD F 6_a
^TD nh3.
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H}i. T:3ng giai H3*n ny, BG D6 HTng 6_a SnzymSB Fm 6h3 PhCi ^TD Hn hi, Dng 6Ong
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C 6h[: Nh3 ^TD Fm 6h3 E:3DSin ^' ^i[n Dnh, Fi2n P[D @?i n?6 D:3ng Phi nh3 D*3 Dhnh
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aT Ah&t nhC ha:
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gF%DSn, Fm 6h3 m*ng F?i gF%DSn Ph-ng 6qn 6h\D 6h|, PhCi ^TD D:a n2n Hn hi @ 6i DhM
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v #22:
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nyTy SBDS:B nhng HT giqn 6_a ^nh B| gib H)6 F0% hn.
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1i7% F)ng 6h3 @3:
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v C 6h[: Fm Dng 6hKD F)ng ^nh mY DhOng X]ng F 66 X'6h H\6 Eh3DEhaDiD. HiA% R%I
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^s3 @ H%Ong.
v 1i7% F)ng 6h3 @3: Eh3DEhaDiD 0./ 1u @ T 2 F 0.1 0.2/u
v ThOi HiMm 6h3 @3:
;.<. %2n 8?n W67 tvu:
Mj6 H6h:Fm 6h3 ^nh mY ng3n, JCE, :%TD na.
C 6h[:
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PiAn 6h3 gF%DSn, nhiAD. Ng3i :a, nhbng ^i[n H}i 6_a ^T Ph%ng gF%DSn BG D:%ng na 6_a 66
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Dh% H)6 mTD PhCi ^TD H\6, R%nh, Xg3 @ JCE.
r% D:Ynh ny 6qn Fm Dng hng @' 6_a ^nh @Y D:3ng R% D:Ynh F2n mSn ^TD nh3, D:3ng
PhCi ^TD B| D6h Dj :)% SDyFi6, mTD BC a6iX hb% 6, 66 SBDS: @ mTD BC 6hKD D*3 hng Ph6
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hi, m]i :)% 6_a ^TD nh3.MN6 HT h3n Dhnh H)6 J6 H'nh ^Lng HT a6iX
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n?ng ^nh F P[D Dh(6 giai H3*n F2n mSn.
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mTD nh3 H6 6hia nhc Dhnh DUng 6j6 DhS3 D:5ng F)ng Ph6 nha% D]y F3*i, Bai BC 6h3
EhsE Phi 6hia ^nh F 1 1./u.
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:%TD ^nh JCE H7% hn.
Th-ng DhOng @2 6j6 ^TD nh3 DhS3 X*ng hYnh D:qn X*ng hYnh h56 Hn giIn nhKD @ 6i DhM
X& Xng 6h%yMn Dhnh 66 X*ng Ph6.
9- Ph%-n: 6h%yMn 66 mi[ng ^TD nh3 Dhnh hYnh X*ng m3ng m%Cn.
;.O. %2n 8?n /n tnh Bw W6:
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ThOi gian F2n mSn: / 10Eh(D
;.p. CXn 7h! h9nh B:n Ehi8:
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Fm 6h3 m% ^nh HpE hn.
Tt FA X;% Bk Xjng F 0.8 1.4 Pg 6h3 mTD DKn ^nh.
;.b. %2n 8?n /n tnh F$7 Fhx@:
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!_ ^TD$ . 0y F giai H3*n R%an D:5ng D:3ng BIn J%KD ^nh mY, Inh hang :l :AD H[n 6hKD
F)ng ^nh Dhnh Eh8m.
NhiAD HT F2n mSn: #/ 4#3C
ThOi gian F2n mSn: // ./ Eh(D
T 8m F2n mSn: 80 8/u
1% : Ung 6h3 PhCi ^TD F2n mSn R% Ph- B| Fm @c giqn, 6qn R% ?D DhY @c 6i HCm @
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Mj6 H6h: N?ng F mTD giai H3*n H\6 ^iAD R%an D:5ng D:3ng BIn J%KD ^nh mY. ,In Eh8m
6_a R% D:Ynh ny F ^nh mY Dhnh Eh8m, ni Ph6 hn @?i PhCi ^TD nh3 @7 hYnh, P6h
Dh?D, 66 Dnh 6hKD @ hng @'. 9Y D:3ng Phi n?ng, X?i D6 Xjng 6_a nhiAD, 6]ng mTD F(6
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ChKD F)ng 6_a ^nh mY Ehj Dh%T6 @3 ng%y2n FiA%, Dhnh Eh;n, Ehj gia Bk Xjng, R%y D:Ynh
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Ph @ }n H'nh nK% D:(6 $.ChKD F)ng 6_a ^nh H)6 Hnh gi R%a H\6 Dnh ^2n ng3i @ ^2n
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n?6 Da,@iA6 ^I3 R%In ^nh m :KD Phi Phn, 6h_ y[% Dinh ^TD ^' ^i[n Dnh g0y Ph3i hia.
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Ph0n ^C F*i HT 8m giba @c @ :%TD ^nh
{iIm HT 8m 6_a ^nh
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Thay H}i 6 6K% Dnh 6hKD 6_a ^nh.
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1. {a3 D:Ynh: C-ng NghA Ch[ mi[n 9 mI3 r%In 1ng ThG6, 9iAn 6-ng nghA Binh h56 @
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