AUDIOMETERS

THESE ARE USEFUL TO GET

DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE
ACUITY OF HEARING.

USED TO EVALUVATE THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF EAR PROTECTORS &
NOISE CONTROL MEASURES.
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
HUMAN EAR

EXTERNAL EAR
MIDDLE EAR
INNER EAR
AUDIO RANGE-20 Hz TO 20000 Hz.
SOUND WAVES ENTER THE OUTER
EAR-> CONDUCTED THROUGH THE
MIDDLE EAR CAVITY TO THE EAR
DRUM.
EAR DRUM VIBRATES.
FROM THE MIDDLE EAR THE
ENERGY IS TRANSMITTED TO THE
RECEPTOR CELLS.
OSSICULAR CHAIN OF THE MIDDLE
EAR-IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMER TO
MATCH THE AIR AND THE FLUID.
NERVE IMPULSES ARE PRODUCED
AND PROPAGATED ALONG THE
ACOUSTIC NERVE FIBRES TO BRAIN
WITH THE SPEED OF 100 m/s.
DISORDERS OF HEARING

EXTERNAL EAR:HEARING CAPACITY

IS REDUCED DUE TO THE BLOCK IN
THE ACOUSTIC PATHWAY.
MIDDLE EAR:HEARING MAY BE
EFFECTED DUE TO PERFORATED
EARDRUM, DISEASED COCHLEA.
INNER EAR:HEARING MAY BE
AFFECTED DUE TO ACOUSTIC
INJURY.
PURE TONE & SPEECH
AUDIOMETERS
ELECTRONIC-ACOUSTIC INSTRUMENT-
MEASURES HUMAN HEARING LEVEL IN
TERMS OF LOUDNESS & PITCH OF
SOUNDS.
HEARING LOSS-IN TERMS OF
DECIBELS(10 TO 100).
BONE CONDUCTION MEASUREMENTS-
MICROPHONES FITTED BEHIND THE EAR.
OTHER MEASUREMENTS-HEADPHONES
ON THE OUTER EAR.
PURE TONE AUDIOMETER: USED TO
OBTAIN AIR-CONDUCTION & BONE-
CONDUCTION THRESHOLDS OF
HEARING(AMOUNT OF HEARING LOSS).
SPEECH AUDIOMETER: USED TO
DETERMINE SPEECH RECEPTION
THRESHOLDS.
SCREENING AUDIOMETERS:USED TO
IDENTIFY THRESHOLD OF
HEARING(WORKERS IN
INDUSTRIES,SOLDIERS IN MILITARY)
BASIC AUDIOMETER

NOISE SPEECH HEAD

POWER ATTEN
GENER AMP PHO
AMP UATOR
ATOR NE
PURE TONE GENERATORS –TEST TONES-
125 TO 8000 Hz. INTENSITY-10 TO 100
dB
GENERATOR CONSISTS OF LC
OSCILLATOR.
COUPLED WITH POWER AMPLIFIER.
ATTENUATORS-LADDER TYPPE OF IO
ohm IMPEDANCE.
SIGNALS TO THE EAR THROUGH THE
EARPHONE OR HEADPHONE.
 HAND
LOGIC CONTROL SWITCH
CIRCUIT

VAR
HE
SINE
BUFF AD
WAVE ATTEN CALIBRA
MOD ER PH
OSC UATOR TION
AMP ON
E

X-Y RECO
RDER
AUTOMATIC BEKESY
AUDIOMETER
VAR SINE WAVE OSCILLATOR:GENERATES
TEST SIGNALS.FREQUENCIES-
125,250,500,1000,1500,2000,3000,4000,
6000, 8000 Hz.
MODULATOR:FROM OSCILLATOR TO
MODULATOR.
TWO MODES: PULSE MODE->TEST
SIGNAL IS MODULATED, WHICH IS
RECOGNISED BY THE PATIENT.
 CONTINUOUS MODE->TEST SIGNAL IS
GIVEN DIRECTLY USED FOR CALIBRATING
THE AUDIOMETER.
 ATTENUATOR:THE SIGNAL FROM
MODULATOR TO AUTOMATIC
ATTENUATOR.
PEN DRIVE WIPER IS ATTACHED.
 HAND SWITCH:PEN DRIVE IS
CONTROLLED BY THE LOGIC CIRCUIT
THROUGH THIS SWITCH.
BY PRESSING THIS SWITCH,SOUND
LEVEL INCREASES.
BUFFER AMPLIFIER:FROM THE
ATTENUATOR SIGNAL IS GIVEN TO THIS
AMPLIFIER.
THEN FROM HERE IT IS GIVEN TO
THE CALIBRATION CIRCUIT.
AMP-> ISOLATES THE
ATTENUATOR FROM THE CALIBRATION
CIRCUIT
PROCEDURE

THE SIGNALS ARE GENERATED->PATIENT-

>THROUGH EARPHONE.
PATIENT PRESSES THE HANDSWITCH TILL
THE TONE IS HEARD & THEN THE SWITCH
IS RELEASED.
PEN CONNECTED TO ATTENUATOR TRACES
A CONTINUOUS RECORD OF THE PATIENT
LOGIC CIRCUIT->CHANGES THE
FREQUENCY OF TONE.
AUDIOGRAM-RESULTING CURVE
CALIBRATED IN TERMS OF HEARING
LOSS FOR DIFFERENT
FREQUENCIES.