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Pneumonia

Causative Agent:
1. Infectious- bacteria (streptococcus pneumonia)
virus
fungi
2. Non-infectious
- inhalation of toxic gases, chemicals
- aspiration of foreign substances
- secondary to other existing disease
Mode of Transmission: droplet, direct contact
Incubation Period: 1 – 3 days
Pneumonia
Signs and Symptoms:
fever with chills (rapidly rising)
cough characterized by rusty sputum
chest pain – stabbing aggrevated by respiration & coughing
symptoms of respiratory distress
Diagnostic Examinations:
Sputum examination
Chest x-ray
Pneumonia
Treatment:
Oxygen inhalation
Antibiotics- Penicillin G Na for 7-10 days, Tetracycline (Cotrimoxazole) or
Erythromycin,
Suction secretion
Expectorants/Mucolytics
CBR
Bronchodilators
Nutrition
Oral/IV fluids

Pneumonia
Nursing Care:
CBR
Turning – coughing – deep breathing exercises
Measure to mobilize secretions
Maintain or increase fluid intake
Adequate nutrition
Suction secretions
Prevention:
Avoid mode of Transmission
Build resistance
Turn to sides
Control of Acute Respiratory Infection (CARI)
Control of Acute Respiratory Infection (CARI)
*the no.1 cause of mortality among under five/ infants ?pneumonia
First- classify the child (young infant or child)
Second- watch out far danger signs
Third- make a diagnosis
Fourth- treat the child
Very Severe Pneumonia
*coughs and colds plus:
Stopped feeding well
Not able to drink
Ex: throat abscess
2. Convulsion (meningitis)
3. Abnormally sleepy (meningitis, encephalitis)
Decreasing LOC
4. Stridor (noisy inspiration)

Pneumonia

Fast breathing means plus cough and colds


Young infants <2 months: RR 60/min-
2-11 months: RR 50/min-
1-4 yrs: RR 40/min-
Management
VSD- hospitalization
P- hospital or home management as long as continuous antibiotics and follow up
P- Home care + antibiotics
NP- home care-give health teachings
Increase fluid intake
Feed the child
Watch danger signs

Children aged 2 month – 5 years old with Pneumonia should:


Take antibiotics for 5 days – cotrimoxazole BID, amoxycillin TID
Bring back child after 2 days for reassessment
worse- refer to hospital
Same – change antibiotic or refer
Improving – finish 5 days
3. Advised home care
Management
take note also of
Wheezing (for younger than 2 months)-bring the child to the hospital
Ear problems
Acute ear infection
Chronic ear infection(14 days or more)
Mastoiditis-painful swelling behind the ear
Sore throat

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