One-Step Towards Success

2014
PROFIT AND LOSS
Quantitative Aptitude For:
*Bank PO,SBI PO,IBPS PO Exams
*Postal & Sorting Assistant Exams
*SSC Combined Graduate Level Exams
*LIC AAO and All other competitive examinations
Gateway to Knowledge



PROFIT & LOSS
Definitions:
Cost Price: The price at
which an article is purchased
is called the cost price or C.P.
Selling Price: The price at
which an article is sold is
called the selling price or S.P.
Marked (List) Price: The
Price that is indicated or
marked on the article is
called marked price or M.P.
Profit (Gain): If S.P. is
greater than C.P., the seller is
said to have a profit (gain).
Loss: If S.P. is less than C.P.,
the seller is said to have a
loss.
Discount: It is reduction
given on the Marked Price or
List Price of an article.
Formulae:
1. Gain= (SP)-(CP)
2. Loss= (CP)-(SP)
3. Gain %= (
Gain x 100
CP
)
4. Loss %= (
Loss x 100
CP
)
5. SP=
100+Gain %
100
x CP
6. SP=
(100Loss %)
100
x CP
7. CP=
100
(100+Gain %)
x SP
8. CP=
100
(100Loss %)
x SP
9. Discount= MP-SP
10. Discount%= (
D
M.P.
x 100)
11. SP= (
100D%
100
x MP)
12. If a trader professes to
sell his goods at Cost Price,
but uses false weight, then
Gain (Profit) Percent,
= [
Error
True Value(Error)
x 100]%
13. If a trade gets x% profit
and x% loss in selling two
similar articles, then in over
all transaction, there is
always a loss which is
Loss %= (

10
)
2

14. If an article is sold at a
gain of 49%, then SP= 149%
of CP.
15. If an article is sold at a
loss of 49%, then SP= 51% of
CP.

Mostly Asked Questions
(Fully Solved)

Que.:- If the cost price of 12
pens is equal to the selling
price of 8 pens, the gain
percent is:
Sol.:-
Let C.P. of each pen be Rs.1.
Then, C.P. of 8 pens= Rs.8
S.P. of 8 pens= Rs.12.
Gain%= (
Gain
C.P.
x 100)
= (
4
8
x 100) %
= 50%.

Que.:- A shopkeeper
purchased 70 kg of
potatoes for Rs. 420 and
sold the whole lot at the
rate of Rs.6.50 per kg. What
will be his gain percent?
Sol.:-
C.P. of 1kg potatoes,
= Rs. (
420
70
) = Rs. 6.
S.P. of 1kg potatoes,
= Rs. 6.50.
Gain%= (
Gain
C.P.
x 100)
= (
0.50
6
x 100) %
=
25
3
% or 8
1
3
%.

Que.:- 100 oranges are
bought at the rate of
Rs.350 and sold at the rate
of Rs.48 per dozen. The
percentage of profit or loss
is:
Sol.:-
C.P. of 1 orange= Rs. (
350
100
)
= Rs. 3.50.
S.P. of 1 orange= Rs. (
48
12
)
= Rs. 4.
Here, CP < SP
Gain%= (
Gain
C.P.
x 100)
= (
0.50
3.50
x 100) %
=
100
7
% or 14
2
7
%.

Que.:-A man gains 20% by
selling an article for a
certain price. If he sells it
at double the price, the
percentage of profit will
be:
Sol.:-
Let C.P. = Rs. x. Then,
S.P. = Rs. (120% of C.P.)
= Rs. (120% of x)
= Rs.
6
5

New S.P. = Rs. (2 x
6
5
)
= Rs.
12
5

Profit = (SP-CP)
Profit = Rs. (
12
5
)
= Rs.
7
5

Profit% = (
7
5
x
1

x 100) %
= 140%.

Que.:- Some articles were
bought at 6 for Rs. 5 and
sold at 5 for Rs. 6. Gain
percent is:
Sol.:-
Suppose, number of articles
Bought = L.C.M. of 6 & 5 = 30.
C.P. of 30 articles,
= Rs. (
5
6
x 30) = Rs. 25.
S.P. of 30 articles,
= Rs. (
6
5
x 30) = Rs. 36.
Gain%= (
Gain
C.P.
x 100)
= (
11
25
x 100) %
= 44%.

Que.:- A fair price
shopkeeper takes 10%
profit on his goods. He lost
20% goods during theft.
His loss percent is:
Sol.:-
Suppose he has 100 items.
Let C.P. of each item be Rs.1.
Total cost= Rs.100.
No. of items left after theft
= 80.
S.P. of each item= Rs. 1.10
Total sale = Rs. (1.10 x 80)
= Rs. 88.
Hence,
Loss%= (
Loss x 100
CP
)
=(
12
100
x 100)% or 12%.

Que.:- A trader marked the
price of his commodity so
as to include a profit of
25%. He allowed discount
of 16% on the marked
price. His actual profit was:
Sol.:-
Let C.P. be Rs. 100. Then,
P r o f i t a n d L o s s

Race Express/One-Step Towards Success
3
Marked price= Rs. 125.
S.P. = 84% of Rs. 125
= Rs. (
84
100
x 125)
= Rs. 105.
Profit% = (SP-CP) %
= (105-100) %
= 5%.

Que.:- A shopkeeper sells
25 articles at Rs. 45 per
article after giving 10%
discount and earns 50%
profit. If the discount is not
given, the profit gained is:
Sol.:-
S.P. of 1 article= Rs. 45.
Let marked price of each
article be Rs. x. Then,
S.P. = 90% of Rs. x
45 =
90
100

x = Rs. (
45 x 100
90
)
= Rs. 50.
C.P. =
100
(100+Gain %)
x SP
= Rs. (
100
150
x 45)
= Rs. 30.
Required Profit%,
= (
Gain
C.P.
x 100)
= (
20
30
x 100) %
=
200
3
% or 66
2
3
%.

Que.:- A trader marked the
selling price of an article at
10% above the cost price.
At the time of selling, he
allows certain discount and
suffers a loss of 1%. He
allowed a discount of:
Sol.:-
Let C.P. =Rs. 100. Then,
Marked Price= Rs. 110.
S.P. = Rs. 99.
Discount = (M.P.-S.P.)
= Rs. (110-99)
= Rs. 11.
Discount% = (
D
M.P.
x 100)
= (
11
110
x 100) %
= 10 %.

Que.:- A trader marked his
goods at 20% above the
cost price. He sold half the
stock at the marked price,
one quarter at a discount
of 20% on the marked
price and the rest at a
discount of 40% on the
marked price. His total
gain is:
Sol.:-
Let Cost Price of whole stock
= Rs.100. Then, Marked Price
of whole Stock= Rs. 120.
M.P. of
1
2
stock= Rs. 60.
M.P. of
1
4
stock= Rs. 30.
Total S.P. is
= Rs. [60+(80% of 30)+(60% of 30)]
= Rs. (60+24+18)
= Rs. 102.
Hence, Gain% = (S.P. C.P.)%
= (102-100)% = 2%.

Que.:- The marked price of
a watch was Rs. 720. A man
bought the same for Rs.
550.80 after getting two
successive discounts, the
first being 10%. What was
the second discount rate?
Sol.:-
Let the 2
nd
discount rate be
x %. Then,
(100-x) % of 90 % of 720
= 550.80

(100)
100
x
90
100
x 720= 550.80
100 = (
55080
9 x 72
) = 85
100 = 85
x = (100-85) = 15.
2
nd
discount rate= 15 %.

Que.:- A fan is listed at Rs.
1500 and a discount of
20% is offered on the list
price. What additional
discount must be offered to
the customer to bring the
net price to Rs. 1104?
Sol.:-
S.P. after 1
st
discount,
= Rs. (
80
100
x 1500)
= Rs. 1200.
Net S.P. = Rs. 1104.
Discount on Rs. 1200= Rs. 96.
Required discount,
= (
D
M.P.
x 100) %
= (
96
1200
x 100) % = 8 %.

Que.:- A cloth merchant
sold half of his cloth at
20% profit, half of the
remaining at 20% loss and
the rest was sold at the cost
price. In the total
transaction, his gain or loss
will be:
Sol.:-
Let C.P. of whole be Rs. x.
C.P. of
1
2
stock= Rs.

2

C.P. of
1
4
stock= Rs.

4

Total S.P.,
= Rs. [(120% of

2
) + (80% of

4
) +

4
]
= Rs. (
3
5
+

5
+

4
) = Rs.
21
20

Here, CP < SP
Gain= Rs. (
21
20
) = Rs.

20

Gain%= (

20
x
1

x 100) %
= 5 %.

Que.:- A man buys an
article for 10% less than its
value and sells it for 10%
more than its value. His
gain or loss percent is:
Sol.:-
Let the article be worth Rs. x.
C.P. = 90% of Rs. x
= Rs.
9
10

S.P. = 110% of Rs. x
= Rs.
11
10

Here, CP < SP
Gain= Rs. (
11
10

9
10
)
= Rs.

5

Gain%= (
Gain x 100
CP
)
= (

5
x
10
9
x 100) %
= 22
2
9
%.

Que.:- A man bought apples
at the rate of 8 for Rs. 34
and sold them at the rate of
12 for Rs. 57. How many
P r o f i t a n d L o s s

Race Express/One-Step Towards Success
4
apples should be sold to
earn a net profit of Rs. 45?
Sol.:-
C.P. of 1 apple= Rs. (
34
8
)
= Rs. 4.25.
S.P. of 1 apple= Rs. (
57
12
)
= Rs. 4.75.
Profit on each apple,
= (S.P. C.P.)
= (4.75 4.25)
= Rs. 0.50.
No. of apples required,
= (
45
0.50
) = 90.

Que.:- A man buys two
dozen bananas at Rs. 16
per dozen. After selling 18
bananas at the rate of Rs.
12 per dozen, the
shopkeeper reduced the
rate to Rs. 4 per dozen. The
percent loss is:
Sol.:-
C.P. = Rs. (16 x 2) = Rs. 32.
S.P. = Rs. (12 x 1.5 + 4 x 0.5)
= Rs. (18+2) = Rs. 20.
Loss%= (
Loss x 100
CP
)
= (
12
32
x 100) %
= 37.5 %.

Que.:- A man buys a cycle
for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a
loss of 15%. What is the
S.P. of the cycle?
Sol.:- S.P. = 85 % of C.P.
= 85 % of Rs. 1400
= Rs. (
85
100
x 1400)
= Rs. 1190.

Que.:- When a plot is sold
for Rs.18,700 the owner
loses 15 %. At what price
must the plot be sold in
order to gain 15%?
Sol.:-
Let new S.P. be Rs. x.
Then,
(100-loss%) : (1
st
S.P.)=(100+gain%) : (2
nd
S.P.)
(100-15%):(18,700)=(100+15%): x
85 : 18,700 = 115 : x
x = (
18,700 x 115
85
) = 25,300.
S.P. = Rs. 25,300.

Que.:- A person incurs 5%
loss by selling a watch for
Rs. 1140. At what price
should the watch be sold to
earn 5% profit?
Sol.:-
Let new S.P. be Rs. x. Then,
(100-loss%):(1
st
S.P.) = (100+gain%):(2
nd
S.P.)
(100-5%):(1140)=(100+5%): x
95 : 1140 = 105 : x
x = (
1140 x 105
95
) = 1260.
S.P. = Rs. 1260.

Que.:- A man loses 10% by
selling an article for Rs.
180. At what price should
he sell it to gain 10%?
Sol.:-
Let new S.P. be Rs. x. Then,
(100-loss%):(1
st
S.P.) = (100+gain%):(2
nd
S.P.)
(100-10%):(180)=(100+10%):x
90:180=110: x
x = (
180 x 110
90
) = 220.
SP = Rs. 220.

Que.:- A tradesman sold an
article at a loss of 20%. If
the SP had been increased
by Rs. 100, there would
have been a gain of 5%.
What was the cost price of
the article?
Sol.:-
Let the C.P. be Rs. x. Then,
(105% of x) - (80% of x)=100
25% of x = 100

25
100
= 100

4
= 100
x = 400.
So, C.P. = Rs. 400.

Que.:- A man bought a
horse and a carriage for Rs.
3000. He sold the horse at
a gain of 20% and the
carriage at a loss of 10%,
thereby gaining 2% on the
whole. Find the cost of the
horse.
Sol.:-
Let the C.P. of the horse be
Rs. x.
Then, C.P. of the carriage =
Rs. (3000- x).
20% of x 10% of (3000- x)
= 2% of 3000

20
100

3000
10
= 60

5

3000
10
= 60
10 x 15000 + 5 x = 3000
15x = 15000+3000 = 18000
x =
18000
15
= 1200.
Hence, C.P. of the horse = Rs.
1200.

Que.:- On selling 17 balls at
Rs. 720, there is a loss
equal to the cost price of 5
balls. The cost price of a
ball is:
Sol.:-
CP of 17 balls - SP of 17 balls
= CP of 5 balls.
CP of 17 balls - CP of 5 balls
= SP of 17 balls.
CP of 12 balls=SP of 17 balls
= Rs. 720.
CP of 1 ball = Rs. (
720
12
)
= Rs. 60.

Que.:- A pair of articles was
bought for Rs. 37.40 at a
discount of 15%. What
must be the marked price
of each of the articles?
Sol.:-
SP of each article = Rs. (
37.40
2
)
= Rs. 18.70
Let MP be Rs. x. Then,
SP = 85% of x
18.70 =
85
100

x = (
18.70 x 100
85
) = 22.
MP = Rs. 22.

Que.:- List price of an
article at a showroom is Rs.
2000 and it is being sold at
P r o f i t a n d L o s s

Race Express/One-Step Towards Success
5
successive discounts of
20% and 10%. Its net
selling price will be:
Sol.:-
S.P.= 90% of 80% of Rs. 2000
= Rs. (
90
100
x
80
100
x 2000)
= Rs. 1440.

Que.:- The price of an
article is raised by 30%
and then two successive
discounts of 10% each are
allowed. Ultimately, the
price of the article is:
Sol.:-
Let the original price be Rs.
100. Then,
Marked price = Rs. 130.
Final price = 90% of 90% of
Rs. 130
= Rs. (
90
100
x
90
100
x 130)
= Rs. 105.30.
Increase in price
= (105.30-100)% = 5.3 %.

Que.:- By selling an article
at

of the marked price,

there is a loss of 25%. The
ratio of the marked price
and the cost price of the
article is:
Sol.:-
Let cost price = Rs. 100.
Then,

2
5
of (Marked Price) = 75
Marked Price = Rs. (
75 x 5
2
)
= Rs.
375
2

Required Ratio,
=
375
2
: 100
= 375 : 200
= 15 : 8.

Que.:- A shopkeeper sells a
badminton rackets, whose
marked price is Rs. 30, at a
discount of 15% and gives
a shuttle cock costing Rs.
1.50 free with each racket.
Even then he makes a
profit of 20%. His cost
price per racket is:
Sol.:-
Marked Price = Rs. 30.
S.P. = Rs. [(
85
100
x 30) - 1.50]
= Rs. (25.50 - 1.50)
= Rs. 24.
Let C.P. be Rs. x. Then,
120% of x = 24
x = (
24
120
x 100)
= Rs. 20.

Que.:- A shopkeeper sold
sarees at Rs. 266 each after
giving 5% discount on
labelled price. Had he not
given the discount, he
would have earned a profit
of 12% on the cost price.
What was the cost price of
each saree?
Sol.:-
S.P. of 1 saree = Rs. 266.
Let the labelled price of each
saree be Rs. x. Then,
95
100
= 266
x = Rs. (
266
95
x 100) = Rs. 280.
Now,S.P.=Rs.280,profit=12%.
C.P. of 1 saree,
= Rs. (
100
112
x 280) = Rs. 250.

Que.:- An item when sold
for Rs. 1,690 earned 30%
profit on the cost price.
Then the cost price is:
Sol.:-
Cost price = Rs. (
100
130
x 1,690)
= Rs. 1,300.

Que.:- A dealer purchased a
washing machine for Rs.
7,660. After allowing a
discount of 12% on its
marked price, he still gains
10%. Find the marked
price of the washing
machine.
Sol.:-
Cost price = Rs. 7,660.
S.P. = 110% of Rs. 7,660
= Rs. (
110
100
x 7,660)
= Rs. 8,426.
Let marked price be Rs. x.
Then, S.P. = 88% of x
8,426 = (
88
100
)
x = (
8,426 x 100
88
)
x = Rs. 9,575.
Marked Price = Rs. 9,575.

Que.:- A dealer marks his
goods 20% above cost
price. He then allows some
discount on it and marks a
profit of 12%. The rate of
discount is:
Sol.:-
Let Cost Price= Rs. 100. Then,
M.P. = Rs. 120, S.P. = Rs. 112.
Discount = (MP-SP)
= Rs. (120-112)
= Rs. 8.
Discount% = (
D
M.P.
x 100)
= (
8
120
x 100) %
=
20
3
% or 6
2
3
%.

Que.:- A trader marked his
product 20% higher than
his cost price and then
gives 20% discount on the
marked price. The profit or
loss for selling the product
is:
Sol.:-
Let Cost Price= Rs. 100. Then,
Marked Price = Rs. 120.
S.P. = (
100D%
100
x MP)
= (
10020%
100
x 120)
= Rs. 96.
Here, CP > SP
Loss = (CP-SP)
= (100-96) = 4
Loss% = (
Loss x 100
CP
)
= (
4 x 100
100
) % = 4 %.

Que.:- A man sold an article
at a loss of 20%. If he could
sell it for Rs. 200 more, he
P r o f i t a n d L o s s

Race Express/One-Step Towards Success
6
would make a profit of 5%.
The cost price of the article
is:
Sol.:-
Let cost price be Rs. x. Then,
SP = (105% of x) - (80% of x)
200 = 25% of x
200 =
25
100

x = Rs. (
200 x 100
25
) = Rs. 800.

Que.:- A man purchased an
article and sold it to B at a
profit of 25% and B sold it
to C at a loss of 10% and C
paid Rs. 675 for it. For how
much did A purchase it (in
Rs.)?
Sol.:-
125% of 90% of A = Rs. 675

125
100
x
90
100
x A = 675

45
40
x A = 675
A =
675 x 40
45
= Rs. 600.

Que.:- A sells a bicycle to B
at a profit of 20%. B sells it
to C at a profit of 25%. If C
pays Rs. 225 for it, the cost
price of the bicycle for A is:
Sol.:-
125% of 120% of A = Rs. 225

125
100
x
120
100
x A = 225

30
20
x A = 225
A =
225 x 20
30
= Rs. 150.

Que.:- A fair price
shopkeeper takes 10%
profit on his goods.
He lost 20% goods during
theft. His loss percent is:
Sol.:-
Suppose he has 100 items.
Let C.P. of each item be Rs. 1.
Total cost = Rs. 100. Number
of items left after theft = 80.
S.P. of each item = Rs. 1.10.
Total sale = Rs. (1.10 x 80)
= Rs. 88.
Hence,
Loss%= (
12
100
x 100) %= 12%.

Que.:- At what percent
above the cost price must a
shopkeeper mark his
goods so that he gains 20%
even after giving a discount
of 10% on the marked
price?
Sol.:-
Let C.P. = Rs. 100. Then,
S.P. = Rs. 120.
Let marked price be Rs. x.
Then, S.P. = 90% of x
120 =
90
100

x = (
120 x 100
90
) = 133
1
3

Marked Price,
= 133
1
3
% above CP.

Que.:- A man sold 18 cots
for Rs. 16,800, gaining
thereby the cost price of 3
cots. The C.P. of a cot is:
Sol.:-
(S.P. of 18 cots) - (C.P. of 18 cots)
= (CP of 3 cots)
(CP of 21 cots) = (SP of 18 cots)
= Rs. 16,800.
(CP of 1 cot),
= Rs. (
16,800
21
) = Rs. 800.

Que.:- A dishonest dealer
uses a scale of 90 cm
instead of a metre scale
and claims to sell at cost
price. His profit is:
Sol.:- Gain% = (
Gain x 100
CP
)
= (
10
90
x 100) %
= 11
1
9
%.

Que.:- 300 bananas were
purchased at Rs. 128 a
hundred. What should be
the selling price per dozen,
if a profit of Rs.66 is to be
made?
Sol.:-
Cost Price of 300 Bananas,
=
128
100
x 300 = Rs. 384
Profit = Rs. 66 Given
S.P. of 300 Bananas,
= 384 + 66 = Rs. 450
Selling Price per dozen,
=
450
300
x 12 = Rs. 18.

Que.:- A sells an article to B
at a gain of 10%. B sells it
to C at a gain of 7

%. C
disposes of it at a loss of
25%. If the prime cost to
the manufacturer A was Rs.
3200,then find the price
obtained by C.
Sol.:-
A buys an article for Rs. 3200
and sells it at a gain of 10%.
Cost Price to B,
= Rs. (
3200 x 110
100
)
B sells it at a gain of
15
2
%,
Cost Price to C,
=Rs. (
3200 x 110 x107.5
(100 x 100)
)
C sells it at a loss of 25 %,
Price Obtained by C is
= Rs. (
3200 x 110 x 107.5 x 75
(100 x 100 x 100)
)
= Rs. (3200 x 1.1 x 1.075 x 0.75)
= Rs. 2838.

Que.:- A sold a tape-
recorder to B for Rs. 4,860
at a loss of 19%. Again B
sold it to C at a price that
would give A, a profit of
17%. The gain of B is:
Sol.:-
Cost of tape-recorder paid by
A = 4860 x
100
81

= Rs. 6000.
Cost of tape-recorder paid by
C = 6000 x
117
100

= Rs. 7020.
Gain of B = Rs. (7020-4860)
= Rs. 2160.
Gain % = (
Gain x 100
CP
)
= (
2160 x 100
4860
)
=
400
9
% or 44
4
9
%.
P r o f i t a n d L o s s

Race Express/One-Step Towards Success
7
Que.:- If the selling price of
a product is increased by
Rs. 162, then the
businessman will make a
profit of 17% instead of a
loss of 19%. The cost price
of the product is:
Sol.:-
Let the cost price be Rs. x.
if loss is 19%, then the
selling Price would have
been, x - 19% of x, i.e.,
81
100


81
100
+ 162 = x + 17% of x =
117
100

36 x = 16200
x = Rs. 450.

Que.:- It costs Re. 1 to
photocopy a sheet of paper.
However, 2% discount is
allowed on all photocopies
done after first 1000
sheets. How much will it
cost to copy 5000 sheets of
paper?
Sol.:- Total cost,
=Rs. [1x1000+(100-2)% of 1x4000]
=Rs. (1000+0.98 x 4000)
=Rs. (1000+3920)
=Rs. 4920.

Que.:- If by selling 110
apples, the C.P. of 120
apples is realised, the gain
percentage is:
Sol.:-
Let C.P. of each apple be Rs.1.
C.P. of 110 apples = Rs. 110
S.P. of 110 apples = Rs. 120
Gain % = (
10
110
x 100) %
= 9
1
11
%.


Que.:- By selling 12 toffees
for a rupee, a man loses
20%. How many for a
rupee should he sell to get
a gain of 20%?
Sol.:-
Let S.P. of 12 toffees be Rs. x.
Then, 80 : 1 = 120 : x
x = (
120
80
) =
3
2
.
For Rs.
3
2
, toffees sold = 12.
For Rs. 1 , toffees sold,
= (12 x
2
3
) = 8.

Que.:- The cash difference
between the selling prices
of an article at a profit of
4% and 6% is Rs. 3. The
ratio of the two selling
prices is:
Sol.:-
Let C.P. of the article be Rs. x.
Then, Required ratio,
=
104%
106%
=
104
106
=
52
53
= 52:53.

Que.:- Peter bought an item
at 20% discount on its
original price. He sold it
with 40% increase on the
price he bought it. The new
sale price is by what
percent more than the
original price?
Sol.:-
Let the original price be Rs.
100. Then, C.P. = Rs. 80.
S.P. = 140% of Rs. 80
= Rs. (
140
100
x 80)
= Rs. 112.
Required Percentage,
= (112 - 100) % = 12%.

Que.:- A dishonest dealer
professes to sell his goods
at cost price. But he uses a
false weight and thus gains
6

%. For a kg, he uses a

weight of:
Sol.:-
Let error = x gms. Then,

1000
x 100 = 6
18
47


100
1000
=
300
47

47 x = 3 (1000 - x)
50 x = 3000
x = 60.
Weight used = (1000 - 60)
= 940 gms.

Que.:- A shopkeeper cheats
to the extent of 10% while
buying as well as selling, by
using false weights. His
total gain is:
Sol.:-
Rule:
Gain % =
(100+ %)
2
100
100
Gain %= [
(100+10)
2
100
100] %
= (
1210010000
100
) %
= 21 %.
***************************

This is a compilation of chapterwise questions of Quantitative Aptitude that have been
recently asked in the various Competitive Examinations by SSC, IBPS, SBI, Railway,
Airforce, etc. This is a rare collection of more than 50 questions (On Profit & Loss) and
their respective explanations by Race Express.