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1
Dr. Tahir Zaidi

Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Lecture 3
Frequency Analysis of
Linear Time Invariant Systems


LTI summary
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2
Complex Exp Input Signal
The Frequency Response
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Delay and First Difference
More on the Ideal Delay
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4
Discrete Time Fourier Transform
Properties
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5
Properties(cont)
Symmetric Properties
DTFT Properties:



x[n] X(e
j
)
x
*
[n] X
*
(e
j
)
x[n] x[n] X(e
j
) X(e
j
)
even even
x[n] x[n] X(e
j
) X(e
j
)
odd odd
x[n] x
*
[n] X(e
j
) X
*
(e
j
)
real Hermitian symmetric
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DTFT- Sinusoids
DTFT of Unit Impulse
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Ideal Lowpass Filter
Example
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8
Magnitude and Angle Form
Magnitude and Angle Plot
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Example
Real and Even ( Zero Phase)
Consider an LTI system with an even
unit sample response






DTFT is


e
2 j

+
2 e
j

+
3
+
2 e

j

+
e

2 j


2 cos( 2

)
+
4 cos(

)
+
3
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Real & Even (Zero Phase)
Frequency response is real, so system
has zero phase shift
This is to be expected since unit
sample response is real and even.



Linear Phase




H(z) e
2 j
+ 2e
j
+ 3+3e
j
+ e
2 j
e
2 j
(e
2 j
+ 2e
j
+ 3+2e
j
+e
2 j
)
e
2 j
(2cos(2) + 4cos() +3)
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Useful DTFT Pairs
Convolution Theorem
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Linear Phase ( cont.)
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Frequency Response of DE
Matlab
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Example
Ideal Filters
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Ideal Filters
HP Digital Filter from LP Design
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BP Digital Filter from HP & LP
Ideal Lowpass Filter
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17
h[n] of ideal filter
Approximations
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18
Freq Axis
Inverse System