EME4096 Internal Combustion Engines ASSIGNMENT 2

Trimester 3, 2013/2014 EPP 2

EME4096 Assignment 2

Question 1

a) A six-liter, eight-cylinder, four-stroke cycle SI race car engine operates at 6000
RPM using stoichiometric nitromethane as fuel (A/F = 1.7). Combustion
efficiency is 99%, and the fuel input rate is 0.198 kg/sec. Assume the density of
air is 1.181 kg/m
3
. Calculate:

i. volumetric efficiency of the engine, (%),
[95 %] [0.15 marks]
ii. flow rate of air into the engine, [kg/sec],
[0.3366 kg/sec] [0.05 marks]
iii. heat generated in each cylinder per cycle, [kJ],
[5.35 kJ] [0.2 marks]
iv. how much chemical energy there is in unburned fuel in the exhaust,
[kW].
[21.6 kW] [0.2 marks]

b) A 6.2-liter, V8, four-stroke cycle SI engine is designed to have a maximum
speed of 6500 RPM. At this speed, volumetric efficiency is 88%. The engine is
equipped with a four-barrel carburetor, each barrel having a discharge
coefficient of CDt = 0.95. The fuel used is gasoline at AF = 15.1 (density of
gasoline g = 750 kg/m
3
and density of air a = 1.181 kg/m
3
). Calculate:

i. Minimum throat diameter needed in each carburetor venturi, [cm].
[2.224 cm] [0.3 marks]
ii. Fuel capillary tube diameter needed for each venturi throat if tube
discharge coefficient CDt = 0.85 and the capillary tube height differential
is small, [mm].
[1.016 mm] [0.35 marks]


Question 2

The divided combustion chamber of a two-liter, four-cylinder, lean-burn, stratified
charge SI engine have 22% of clearance volume in the secondary chamber of each
cylinder. The intake system delivers an air-gasoline mixture into the secondary chamber
at an equivalence ratio of 1.2 and into the main chamber at an equivalence ratio of 0.75.
The engine has a volumetric efficiency of 93%, overall combustion efficiency of 99%,
indicated thermal efficiency of 52%, and a mechanical efficiency of 86% when
operating at 3500 RPM. Assume the density of air is 1.181 kg/m
3
. Calculate:


a) overall air-fuel ratio,
[AFoverall = 17.2] [0.4 marks]
b) overall equivalence ratio,
[0.849] [0.05 marks]
c) brake power at this condition, [kW],
[70.15 kW] [0.4 marks]
d) bmep, [kPa],
[1203 kPa] [0.1 marks]
EME4096 Internal Combustion Engines ASSIGNMENT 2
Trimester 3, 2013/2014 EPP 3
e) amount of unburned fuel exhausted from the engine, [kg/hr],
[0.133 kg/hr] [0.15 marks]
f) bsfc, [gm/kW-hr].
[189 gm/kW-hr] [0.15 marks]


Question 3

a) A four-cylinder SI engine with a compression ratio rc = 10 operates on an air-
standard Otto cycle at 3000 RPM using ethyl alcohol as fuel. Conditions in the
cylinders at the start of the compression stroke are 60
o
C and 101 kPa.
Combustion efficiency % 97
c
. Write the balance stoichiometric chemical
equation for this fuel. Calculate:

i. the AF if the engine operates at an equivalence ratio 10 . 1 ,
[8.18] [0.15 marks]
ii. peak temperature in cycle of part (a), [
o
C],
[3941
o
C] [0.35 marks]
iii. peak pressure in cycle of part (a), [kPa].
[12 789 kPa] [0.1 marks]

b) A six-cylinder, four-stroke cycle SI engine with multipoint fuel injection has a
displacement of 2.4 liters and a volumetric efficiency of 87% at 3000 RPM, and
operates on ethyl alcohol with an equivalence ratio of 1.06. Each cylinder has
one port injector which delivers fuel at a rate of 0.02 kg/sec. The engine also has
an auxiliary injector upstream in the intake manifold which delivers fuel at a rate
of 0.003 kg/sec to change the air-fuel ratio and give a richer mixture when
needed. When in use, the auxiliary injector operates continuously and supplies
all cylinders. Assume the density of air is 1.181 kg/m
3
. Calculate:

i. time of one injection pulse for one cylinder for one cycle, [sec],
[0.00242 sec] [0.3 marks]
ii. the AF if the auxiliary injector is not being used,
[8.49] [0.05 marks]
iii. the AF is the auxiliary injector is being used.
[6.01] [0.3 marks]

Question 4

a) A two-liter, four-cylinder, open-chamber SI engine operates at 3500 RPM using
stoichiometric gasoline. At this speed, volumetric efficiency is 93%, combustion
efficiency is 98%, indicated thermal efficiency is 47%, and mechanical
efficiency is 86%. Assume the density of air is 1.181 kg/m
3
. Calculate:

i. brake power, [kW],
[74.74 kW] [0.45 marks]
ii. bmep, [kPa],
[1281 kPa] [0.1 marks]
iii. amount of unburned fuel exhausted from the engine, [kg/hr],
[0.316 kg/hr] [0.15 marks]
iv. bsfc, [gm/kW-hr].
[211 gm/kw-hr] [0.15 marks]
EME4096 Internal Combustion Engines ASSIGNMENT 2
Trimester 3, 2013/2014 EPP 4


b) The spark plug in the cylinder of an SI engine is fired at 20
o
bTDC when the
engine is running at 2400 RPM. Flame propagation mode starts at 10
o
bTDC and
last for 0.001667 seconds. Calculate:

i. time of ignition and flame development in degrees of engine rotation,
[degree],
[10 degree] [0.1 marks]
ii. time of ignition and flame development in real time, [sec],
[0.000694 sec] [0.1 marks]
iii. crank angle when flame propagation mode ends, [degree after top dead
center].
[14 degree aTDC] [0.2 marks]





































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