Ecuaciones Diferenciales Ordinarias

April 13, 2014

Nombre: Diana Camacho

NRC:1731
En cadap
uno de los literales, determine la solucion general
x2 + y 2 + y; y(3) = 0
a) xy 0 =

x2 +y 2
y
x + x
(tx)2 +(ty)2
ty
+ tx
f (tx, ty) =
tx
2 2 2
t (x +y )
=
+ xy
2tx 2
(x +y )
=
+ xy = t0 f (x, y)
x
dy
y = ux; dx = u + x du
dx
dy
dx

du
u+x
=
dx

u+x

x2 + (ux)2
ux
+
x
x

du p
= 1 + u2 + u
dx

du
dx
=
x
1 + u2

du
=
1 + u2

dx
x



p


Lnu + 1 + u2  = Ln|xC|

u + q1 + u2 = xC
2
y
1 + xy 2 = xC Solucion
x +
y(3) = q
0; x = 3, y = 0
0
32

C=

1
3
1
3

1+

02
32

General

=C

r
y
1
y2
1
+
1 + 2 = Solucion P articular
2
x
x
x
3
p
0
2
2
b)xy =
x y + y; y(1) = 1/2
x2 y 2
y
x + x
(tx)2 (ty)2
ty
f (tx, ty) =
+ tx
tx
2 2 2
t (x y )
=
+ xy
2tx 2
(x y )
+ xy = t0 f (x, y)
=
x
dy
y = ux; dx
= u + x du
dx
dy
dx

du
=
u+x
dx
u+x

x2 (ux)2
ux
+
x
x

du p
= 1 u2 + u
dx

dx
du
=
2
x
1u

du
=
1 u2

arcsen(u) = Lnx + C
sen(arcsen(u)) = sen(lnx + C)
y
x = sen(lnx + C)
y = xsen(lnx + C) Solucion
y(3) = 0; x = 3, y = 0
arcsen( 1/2
1 ) = Ln1 + C
C = arcsen( 12 ) = 16

dx
x

General

1
y = xsen(lnx + ) Solucion particular
6
c)xy

dy
dx

= 3y +
3 xy

f (tx, ty) =
2

y2
x2
ty
3 tx
0

=4

t2 y 2
t2 x 2

+ xy 2 = t f (x, y)
dy
y = ux; dx
= u + x du
dx
=3

y
x

y2
x ; y(1)

u+x

du
ux u2 x2
=3
+ 2
dx
x
x
2

2
x du
dx = u + 3u u
du
= dx
x


u2 +2u
du
dx
=
2
x


u +2u
du
dx
(u+1)2 12 =
x
u
1
Ln
=
lnx
+
LnC
2 qu+2
u
Ln u+2 = lnxC
q
u
u+2 = xC
q
y
x2 (y+2x) = C Sol. General

y(1)
q = 4; x = 1, y = 4
4
12 (4+2.1) = C
C=

2
3

y
2
= (Sol.P articular)
x2 (y + 2x)
3

y
LnyLnx ; y(1)
dy
y
y
y +
dx = xLn x
x
ty
ty
f (tx, ty) = txLn ty + tx
tx
y
y
0
=
y +
x = t f (x, y)
xLn x
dy
y = ux; dx = u + x du
dx
ux
ux
u + x du
=
ux +
dx
xLn x
x
u
x du
=
+
u

u
dx
Lnu
Lnudu
= dx
u
x


Lnudu
= dx
u
x
1
2
2 Lnu = lnx + C
2
d)xy

Ln

y =

=e

u Lnx = C
r
y
2
Ln
Lnx = C Solucion General
x

y(1)p
= e; x = 1, y = e
Ln2 1e Ln1 = C
C = Ln2 e = 1
r
y
2
Ln
Lnx = 1 (Solucion P articular)
x
+ 2y)y = y 3x, y(1) = 7;
= y3x
x+2y
f (tx, ty) = 2xt+5yt
2xt+yt
e)(x

dy
dx

t(2x+5y)
0
t(2x+y) = t f (x, y)

dy
y = ux; dx
= u + x du
dx
2x+5ux
u + x du
dx = 2x+ux
x(2+5u)
x(2+u)
2+5u2uu2
x du
=
u


dx(2+u)du
=
dx
2
u 3u+2



x du
(2u3)du
1
7
+
2
2
u 3u+2
2
u2 3u+2h = Lnx LnC
q 1
i
 2

7
3
1
2. 2 Ln u 3u + 2 + 2. 2 Ln(u 2 + (u 32 )2 14 ) = 2LnxC1
q
i7

 h
Ln u2 3u + 2 + Ln(u 32 + (u 32 )2 14 ) = (LnxC1 )2

q
i7 

h
Ln u2 3u + 2 (u 32 + (u 32 )2 14 )
= (LnxC1 )2

u + x du
dx =

 2
h
u 3u + 2 (u

3
2

i7
(u 32 )2 41 ) =

C
(x)2 ; C

1
C12

#7
"
r


1
3
3
x2 u2 3u + 2 (u + (u )2 ) = C (Solucion .General)
2
2
4
y(1) = 7; x = 1, y = 7
3
49= 2(1)
3 +4+C
49= 23 + 4 + C
C = 133
3
r
y=
f )xy

dy
dx

133
2x3
+ 4x +
(Solucion P articular)
3
3

= y + 4 xy; y(e) = 9e

y+4 xy

=
x

f (tx, ty) = ty+4txtx.ty

ty+4t x.y
=
tx

y+4 xy
=
= t0 f (x, y)
x
dy
y = ux; dx = u + x du
dx
ux+4 x.ux
u + x du
=
dx
x

x(u+4 u)
u + x du
dx =
x
du
u + x dx = u + 4 u

du

dx
=
x
4 u

1
u
=
Lnx
+ LnC
2
1
2
u
=
Ln
xC
4
u = 4Ln2 xC

y = 4xLn2 xC (Sol.General)
y(e) = 9e; x = 3, y = 2
4

1
2
1
6

e
9e

= LneC
= LnC

1
C = e6 = 6 e

y = 4xLn2 x 6 e(Sol.P articular)

g)y

dy
dx

2 0

y = x2 +
2
= xy2 + xy

f (tx, ty) =
=

x
y2

y3
x ; y(e)

t2 x2
t2 y 2
0

= 2e

ty
tx

+ xy = t f (x, y)

Homogenea de grado 0

dy
= u + x du
y = ux; dx
dx
x2
ux
u + x du
=
+
2
2
dx
u x
x
1
x du
dx = u2 u + u u
u2 du = dx
x


2
u du = dx
x
1 3
2 u = lnx + LnC1
u3 =ln(xC1 )2
3
u = lnx2 C; C12 = C

3
y = x. lnx2 C(Solucion General)
y(e) = 2e; x = e, y = 2e
3
2
( 2e
e ) = lne C
8
C= 2 =4

3
y = x. lnx2 4(Solucion P articular)
2y)y = x y; y(1) = 4
xy
= x2y
txty
f (tx, ty) = tx2ty

h)(x

dy
dx

t(xy)
t(x2y)
xy
0
x2y = t f (x, y)
dy
y = ux; dx
= u + x du
dx
du
xux
u + x dx = x2(ux)
x(1u)
u + x du
dx = x(12u)
1uu2u2
x du
dx =
(12u)

(2u1)du

dx
2u2 +2u1 =

(4u+2)du

x du
1

2
2
2u +2u1
(u+1)2 14

=
=

= Lnx LnC1


u+ 3
2. 12 Ln 2u2 + 2u 1 + 2Ln( u+ 21 ) = 2LnxC1
2


u+ 3
Ln 2u2 + 2u 1 + Ln( u+ 21 )2 = (LnxC1 )2
2

n
 u+ 3 o
Ln 2u2 + 2u 1 ( u+ 21 )2 = (LnxC1 )2
2

 2
3
2u + 2u 1 ( u+ 21 )2 = C 2 ; C = 12
(x)
C1
u+ 2
 2
 u+ 3 2
2
2

x 2u + 2u 1 ( u+ 1 ) = C

 y2 3

 +
2
x2 2 xy2 + 2 xy 1 ( xy + 21 )2 = C
x

(2y 2 + 2xy 1)(

2y + 3x 2
) = C(Sololucion General)
2y + x

y(1)
= 4; x = 1, y = 4

2
2(4)2+ (1.4) 1 ( 2.4+3.1
2.4+1 ) = C
C = 35. 121
81 = 52.8
(2y 2 + 2xy 1)(

2y + 3x 2
) = 52.8(Solucion P articular)
2y + x

x2 y 2
x2 ; y(2) = 8
x2 y 2
dy
dx =
x2
2
2
)
f (tx, ty) = ((tx)t2+(ty)
x2
2
2
2
)
= t (xt2 x+y
2
x2 y 2
0
=
x2 = t f (x, y)
dy
y = ux; dx = u + x du
dx
i)y =

x y
u + x du
dx = x2

u + x du
dx =

x2 +x2 u2 )
x2
x2 (1+u2 )
x2

u + x du
dx =
x du
=
1+uu

dx


du = dx
x
u = Lnx + C
Lnu = Lnx + C
y
x = Lnx + C

y = xLnx + xC(Solucion .General)

y(2) = 8; x = 2, y = 8
8
2 = Ln2 + C
4 Ln2 = C
3.31 = C
y = xLnx + 3.31C(Solucion P articular)
Tarea En cada uno de los literales, encuentre la solucion general
de la ecuacion:
a)

y +

1
y = 3x2
x
6

y + P (x)y = Q(x)
y = uv

1
1
v(x) = e x dx = eLnx
1
1
v(x) = x = x


u(x) = Q(x)
v(x) dx
u(x) =

3x2
1
x

dx =

3x3 dx

u(x) = 34 x4 + C
y = 34 x4 x1 + C x1
y = 34 x3 + Cx Solucion

General

b)

y + xy = Cosx
y + P (x)y = Q(x)
y = uv


x2
v(x) = e xdx = e 2
x2

v(x) = e 2


u(x) = Q(x)
v(x) dx

Cosx
u(x) =
2 dx
x
=

cosx.e

x2
2

dx

u(x) = cosx.e
y = 34 x4 x1 + C x1
y = e
d)

x2
2

0

x2
2

dx

cosx.e

x2
2

dx

Sol. General

sin(2x)y + 2y sin x = 2 sin x

dy
dx

2y sin2 x
2 sin x cos x

dy
dx

2 sin x
2 sin x cos x

+ tan x = sec x

p(x) = tan x, q(x) = sec x

v(x) = e
u(x) =

1
cos x

tanxdx

cos x dx

= eln(cos x) = cos x

sec2 xdx = tan x + C

y=uv

y = sin x + C cos x
e)

(x2 x 2)y 0 + 3xy = x2 4x + 4

dy
dx

p(x) =

3x
x2 x2 y

3x
x2 x2 ,

(x2)2
x2 x2

q(x) =

(x2)2
x2 x2

v(x) = e

3 (2x1)+ 3
2
2
x2 x2

dx
2

e 2 ln(x
3
2

v(x) == eln[(x2)(x+1)]

=e

23

(2x1)
dx+ 23
x2 x2

dx
(x 1 )2 9
2
4

x2)+ 32 ( 13 ) ln( x2
x+1 )
1

2
+ln[( x2
x+1 )]

2
2
= ( x2
x+1 ) [(x 2)(x + 1)]

v(x) = (x 2)1 (x + 1)2

u(x) =

(x2)2
(x+1)(x2) (x

2)1 (x + 1)2 dx = (x + 1)3 dx = 31 (x + 1)2 + C

y=uv

1
y = 3(x2)(x+1)
4 +

C
(x2)(x+1)2

En cada uno de los literales, encuentre la solucion particular de

la ecuacion que satisface las condiciones iniciales dadas:
a)

y 0 + y tan x =

1
cosx , y(0)=0

p(x) = tan x, q(x) = cos x

v(x) = e
u(x) =

tanxdx

= eln(cos x) = cos x

cos x
cos x dx

dx = x + C

y=uv

y = x cos x + C cos x
y=0,x=0

0 = 0 cos 0 + C cos 0
C=0
y = x cos x
b)

y 0 = 2y + ex x,

y(0)=1/4

dy
dx

2y = ex x

p(x) = 2, q(x) = ex x
v(x) = e2
u(x) =

ex x
e2x dx

dx

= e2x

ex dx +

xe2x

u(x) = ex 21 xe2x 14 e2x + C

y=uv

y = ex 21 x

1
4

+ Ce2x

y=1/4, x=0

1
4

= e0 12 (0)
1
4

1
4

+1+
C=

y0 =

+ Ce0

=C

3
2

y = ex 21 x
c)

1
4

1
4

+ 32 e2x

y
2y ln y+yx , y(1)=1
dx
dy

2y ln y
y

dx
dy

x
y

p(y) =

1
y,

v(y) = e

u(y) =

y
y

x
y

= 2 ln y + 1

q(y) = 2 ln y + 1
1
y dy

2 ln y+1
y 1 dy

= e ln y = y 1

= 2 y ln ydy +

ydy

u(y) = y 2 ln y 31 y 3 + 12 y 2 + C
x=uv

x = y ln y 13 y 2 + 12 y +

C
y

y=1, x=1

1 = 1 ln 1 31 (1)2 + 12 (1) +
1+

1
3

1
2

C=

=C

5
6

x = y ln y 31 y 2 + 12 y +
d)

y0 =

5y
9x

= 3x3 + x,

C
(1)

5
6y

y(-1)=4

5
9x ,

p(x) =

v(x) = e 9
u(x) =

3x3 +x
5
x 9

u(x) =

q(x) = 3x3 + x

1
x dx

= e 9 ln x = x 9

32

dx = 3 x 9 dx +

27 41
9
41 x

9 23
9
23 x

+C

14

x 9 dx

y=uv

y=

27 36
9
41 x

9 18
9
23 x

27 4
41 x

9 2
23 x

y=

+ Cx 9
5

+ Cx 9

y=4, x=(-1)

4=

27
4
41 (1)

9
2
23 (1)

27
41

9
23

+ C(1) 9

= C

C = 2782
943
y=
e)

y 0 + 3y = 5e2x 6,

27 4
41 x

9 2
23 x

2782 59
943 x

y(0)=2

p(x) = 3, q(x) = 5e2x 6

v(x) = e3
u(x) =

5e2x 6
e3x dx

dx

= e3x

= 5 e5x dx 6

e3x dx

u(x) = e5x 2e3x + C

y=uv

y = e2x 2 + Ce3x
y=2, x=0

2 = e0 2 + Ce0
C=3
y = e2x 2 + 3e3x
f)

y 0 4y = x + sin x,

y(0)=3

p(x) = 4, q(x) = x + sin x

v(x) = e4
u(x) =

x+sin x
e4x dx

u(x) = 14 xe4x

1
4

dx

= e4x

xe4x dx +

e3x sin xdx

sin xe4x 18 e4x + C

y=uv

y = 14 x

1
4

sin x

10

1
8

+ Ce4x

y=3, x=0

3 = 14 (3)

1
4

sin(0)

3+

1
8

1
4

+ Ce4(0)

1
8

=C

C=
y = 41 x

1
8

25
8

sin x

25 4x
8 e

ECUACIONES DE BERNOULLI
0
2 x
56.y

+ 2y = y e

p(x) = 2, q(x) = ex
z = y 2 , n + 1 = 2
dz
dx

+ (n + 1)P z = (n + 1)Q
dz
dx

+ (2)(2)z = 2ex

p(z) = 4, q(z) = 2ex

v(x) = e4
u(x) =

dx

= e4x

2ex
e4x dx

= 2 e5x dx = 25 e5x + C
z=uv

z = 52 ex + Ce4x
y 2 = 25 ex + Ce4x
57.

(x + 1)(y 0 + y 2 ) = y
y
y 0 + y 2 = x+1

y0 +
p(x) =

y
x+1

1
x+1 ,

= y 2
q(x) = 1

z = y 2 , n + 1 = 2
dz
dx

+ (n + 1)P z = (n + 1)Q
dz
dx

1
+ (2)( x+1
)z = 2

p(z) =
v(x) = e2

1
x+1 dx

2
x+1 ,

q(z) = 2

= e2 ln(x+1) = (x + 1)2
11

u(x) =

2
(x+1)2 dx

= 2 (x + 1)2 dx = 32 (x + 1)3 + C
z=uv

z = 23 (x + 1) + C(x + 1)2
y 2 = 32 (x + 1) + C(x + 1)2
58.

y 0 = y 4 cos x + y tan x
y 0 y tan x = y 4 cos x
p(x) = tan x, q(x) = cos x
z = y 4 , n + 1 = 4
dz
dx

+ (n + 1)P z = (n + 1)Q
dz
dx

4z tan x = 4 cos x

p(z) = 4 tan x, q(z) = 4 cos x

v(x) = e4
u(x) =

u(x) = 4

4 cos x
cos 4 x dx

= e4 ln(cos x) = (cos x)4

tan xdx

= 4 cos 5 xdx = 4 (1 sin2 x)2 cos xdx

cos xdx 8 sin2 x cos xdx + 4 sin4 x cos xdx =

4 sin x 83 sin3 x + 45 sin5 x + C
z=uv

sin x
z = 4 cos
4x

z = 4 tan x sec3 x

8
5

4 sin5 x
5 cos 4 x

tan3 x sec x +

y 2 = z = 4 tan x sec3 x
59.

8 sin3 x
3 cos 4 x

8
5

4
5

C
cos 4 x

tan x sin x + C sec4 x

tan3 x sec x +

4
5

tan x sin x + C sec4 x

xy 0 2x2 y = 4y
y 0 2xy 1/2 = x4 y
y 0 + x4 y = 2xy 1/2
p(x) =

4
x,

q(x) = 2x

z = y 1/2 , n + 1 =
dz
dx

1
2

+ (n + 1)P z = (n + 1)Q
dz
dx

x2 z = x
12

p(z) = x2 , q(z) = x
v(x) = e2
u(x) =

1
x dx

x
x2 dx

= e2 ln(x) = x2

dx
x

= ln x + C

z=uv

z = x2 ln x + Cx2
y 1/2 = x2 ln x + Cx2
xy 0 + 2y + x5 y 3 ex = 0
y + 2 xy = x4 y 3 ex
x
2
P (x) = X
Q(x) = x4 e
60)

z = y 2

n = 3;

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx
x
dz
2
+ (3 + 1) z = (3 + 1) x4 e
dx
x

x
dz
4
z = 2x4 e
dx x

z = v(x)u(x)

v(x) = e x dx
u(x) = 2xx4e dx


4
v(x) = eIn(x)
u(x) = 2 ex dx
v(x) = x4
u(x) = 2ex + c
z = x4 .(2ex + c)
y 2 = x4 .2ex + x4 c
xy = x2xy
1
y0
= 2(xxy
2 1)
x
y 0 2(xxy
2 1) = 2y
x
P (x) = 2(x2 1) Q(x) =
61)2y

solucion

x
2y

x
2

z = y2

n = 1;

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx
dz
x
x
+ (1 + 1)
z = (1 + 1)
dx
2(x2 1)
2
13

x
dz
+
z=x
dx (x2 1)

v(x) = e (x2 1)
u = x2 + 1
du = 2xdx
du
2 = xdx

du
1
v(x) = e 2 u

dx

u(x) =

x
dx
x2 +1

du
1

2
u
= 12 2u1/2

u(x) =

v(x) = e 2 In(u)
u(x)
+c

1/2
2
u(x) = x2 + 1 + c
v(x) = x + 1
z = v(x)u(x)
z = x2 + 1

i

1/2 hp
x2 + 1 + c

h

1/2 i
z = 1 + c x2 + 1
(solucion)
0
x sin(y) = xy

2y
2
y x x sin(y) 1 = 2y
2y
y 0 = x3 sen(y)x
62)y

0 3

dx
dy

P (y)

x3 sen(y)
x
+ 2y
2y
1
= 2y
Q(y) =

sen(y)
2y

z = x2

n = 3;

dx
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dz
dx
z
sen(y)
+ (2)
= (2)
dz
2y
2y
sen(y)
dx z
+ =
dz
y
y

z = v(y)u(y)

dy

v(y) = e y
v(y) = eIn(y)
v(y) = y 1

ydy
u(y) = sen(y)
y


u(y) = sen(y)dy
u(y) = cos(y) + c

14

z = y 1 [cos(y) + c]
x2 = y 1 [cos(y) + c] (solucion)
63)(2x

yIn(y) x)y 0 = y

y
(2x2 yIn(y)x)
2
2x yIn(y)
dx
xy
dy =
y
dx
x
2
dy + y = 2x In(y)
1
P (y) = y Q(y) =
0

y =

z = x1

2In(y)

n = 2;

dx
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dz
dx
z
+ (2 + 1) = (2 + 1)2In(y)
dz
y
dx z
= 2In(y)
dz
y

z = v(y)u(y)

dy

v(y) = e y
u(y) =
In(y)
v(y) = e
m = In(y)
v(y) = y
dm = dy
y


mdm
m2 + c
2
[In(y)] + c
2
u(y) = [In(y)] + c

In(y)
y dy



2
z = y [In(y)] + c



2
x1 = y [In(y)] + c (solucion)

4y = 2ex y
P (x) = 4 Q(x) = 2ex
64)y

z = x1/2

n=

1
2;

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx

15



dz
1
1
+ + 1 4z = ( + 1)2ex
dx
2
2


dz
1
1
+ + 1 4z = ( + 1)2ex
dx
2
2
dz
2z = ex
dx
z = v(x)u(x)

v(x) = e
v(x) = e2x
v(x) = e2x

2dx

e
u(y)

= e2x dx
u(y) = ex dx
u(y) = ex + c



z = ex ex + c
1

y 2 = ex c 1(solucion)
0

y + y 2 (x2 + x + 1) = 0
y y = y 2 (x2 + x + 1)


P (x) = 1 Q(x) = x2 + x + 1
65)y

z = y 1

n = 2;

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx


dz
+ (2 + 1) z = (2 + 1) x2 + x + 1
dx


dz
+ z = x2 + x + 1
dx

v(x) = e dx
u(x)
= x e+x+1
dx
x


x
v(x) = e
u(x) =
x2 ex + xe
x + ex
dx
v(x)
= ex
u(x) = x2 ex dx + xex + ex dx
2 x
x e dx =


u = x2
dv = ex dx
du
2xdx
v = ex


=
2 x
2 x
x e dx = x e
2 xex dx
u=x
dv = ex dx
du
dx
v = ex 


=


2 x
x e dx = x2 ex 2 xex ex dx
16

x2 ex dx = x2 ex 2xex + 2ex
u(x) = x2 ex 2xex + 2ex + xex ex + ex + c
u(x) = x2 ex xex + 2ex + c
z = v(x)u(x)


z = ex x2 ex xex + 2ex + c
y 1 = x2 x + 2 + cex (solucion)
0

+ y = xy 2
P (x) = 1 Q(x) = x
66)y

z = y 1

n = 2;

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx
dz
+ (2 + 1) z = (2 + 1)x
dx
dz
z = x
dx
v(x) = e
v(x) = ex
v(x) = ex

u(x)
= x
ex dx
u(x) = (xex ) dx
u(x) = xex + ex + c

dx

z = v(x)u(x)


z = ex xex + ex + c
y 1 = x + 1 + cex (solucion)

+ 2y = 2 y
P (x) = 2 Q(x) = 2
67)y

z = y 1/2

n=

1
2;

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx


dz
1
+ + 1 2z = (2 + 1)2
dx
2
dz
+ z = 2
dx
17

v(x) = e dx
u(x) =
e2
x dx
x
v(x) = e
u(x) = 2 (ex ) dx
v(x) = ex
u(x) = 2ex + c
z = v(x)u(x)
z = ex (2ex + c)

y = 2 + cex (solucion)

+ y = y 2 In(x)
2
y 0 + xy = y In(x)
x
P (x) = x1 Q(x) = In((x)
x
68)xy

z = y 1

n = 2;

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx
dz
z
In((x)
+ (2 + 1) = (2 + 1)
dx
x
x
dz
z
In((x)
=
dx x
x

dx

u(x) = In((x)
v(x) = e x
x1 dx
x


v(x) = eIn(x)
u(x) = In((x)
dx
2

In((x) x
v(x) = x
u(x) =
x2 dx


In((x)
dx
=
x2


u = In(x)
dv = x2 dx
du = dx
v = x1
x

In((x)


In(x)

xdx
2
x2 dx = x

In((x)
In(x)
1
dx
=
+
+
c
x2
x
x
1
+
+
c
u(x) = In(x)
x
x
z = v(x)u(x)

z=x


In(x) 1
+ +c
x
x

y 1 = In(x) + 1 +
69)y

+ 2xy = 2x3 y 3
18

c
(solucion)
x

P (x) = 2x

z = y 2

Q(x) = 2x3

n=3

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx
dz
+ (3 + 1) 2xz = (3 + 1)2x3
dx
dz
4xz = 4x3
dx
v(x) = e

2x2

4x3
e2x2
3 2x2

4xdx

u(x) =

u(x) = 4 x e

2

dx

v(x) = e
dx
2
2
v(x) = e2x
u(x) = 4 x xe2x dx

2
2
4 x xe2x dx =
m = x2
dm = 2xdx
dm
2
= xdx
2 me2m dm =


u=m
dv = e2m dm
2m
du = dm
v = e 2




2m
2 me2m dm = me2 + 12 e2m dm




2m
2 me2m dm = me2 + 12 12 e2m




2m
2 me2m dm = me2 + 41 e2m


2m
me2m dm = me4 + 18 e2m +c

2
2 2m
2
2
x xe2x dx = x e4
+ 81 e2x + c
u(x) =

x2 e2x
4

+ 18 e2x + c
z = v(x)u(x)
"
z=e

2x2


x2
1
2x2
=
+ + ce
(solucion)
4
8

2 0

y ay 3 = x + 1
y
= x+1
3y 2
P (x) = a
Q(x) = x+1
3
3
70)3y

#
2
1 2x2
x2 e2x
+ e
+c
4
8

ay
3

z = y3

n = 2

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx
19

dz
a
+ (2 + 1)
z = (2 + 1)
dx
3

x+1
3

dz
az = x + 1
dx

x+1
dx
v(x) = e adx
u(x)

= eaxax
ax
v(x) = e
u(x) =
(x + 1) e

v(x) = eax
u(x) =
xeax dx + eax dx

ax
u=x
dv = e
dx
ax
du = dx
v = e a

ax


ax
xe
dx = xe a + a1 eax dx

ax
ax
xe
dx = xe a a12 eax
ax
ax
u(x) = xe a a12 eax e a + c

z = v(x)u(x)


1
eax
xeax
2 eax
+c
z = eax
a
a
a


x
1
1
y 3 = 2 + ceax
a a
a
(ay 0 + y) = x
x
ay + y = yn1
y
x
y 0 + a = ayn1
P (x) = a1 Q(x) = xa
71)y

n1

z = y n+2

n=n1

dz
+ (n + 1) P z = (n + 1)Q
dx
dz
z
x
+ (n + 1 + 1) = (n + 1 + 1)
dx
a
a
dz
z
x
+ (n + 2) = (n + 2)
dx
a
a
v(x) = e

(n+2)
a

v(x) = e

(n+2)
x
a

(n+2)
x
a

v(x) = e

dx

u(x) = (n+2)
a

u(x) = (n+2)
a
h xe
u(x) =

(n+2)
a
20

x
(n+2)
x
a
(n+2)
x
a

dx

dx

(n+2)
a
x
a
n+2 e

a
n+2

(n+2)
x
a

i
dx

v(x) = e

(n+2)
x
a

v(x) = e

(n+2)
x
a

h
x
u(x) = (n+2)
a
h
(n+2)
x
u(x) = a

(n+2)
a
x
a
n+2 e

(n+2)
a
x
a
n+2 e

a
n+2

n+2 (n+2)
x
a
a e

(n+2)
x
a

i
+c

z = v(x)u(x)
h

z= e

(n+2)
x
a


i  (n + 2) 
(n+2)
(n+2)
a
x
x
a
a

e
+c
x
e
a
n + 2



h (n+2) i  (n + 2) 
(n+2)
a
z = e a x
x
1 e a x+c
a
n + 2




(n + 2) (n+2) x
a
(n + 2)
a
1
ce
(solucion)
x
y n+2 =
a
n + 2
a
72)dx

+ (x + y 2 )dy = 0

x0 + x = y 2

p(y) = 1 q(y) = y 2

v(y) = e

u(y) =

y 2
ey

dy

= ey

= y 2 ey 2[yey ey ]

S.G.

x = y 2 2(y 1) + C1
73)(xy

+ x2 y 3 )y 0 = 1

x0 x2

y
x

21

= y3

z = y 1

dz
dy

= n x2 dx
dy

Reemplazo en mi ecuacion (1) z y dy/dz

p(y) = y q(y) = y 3

v(y) = e

u(y) = e

y2
2

ydy

= e

y 3 dy = e

y2
2

y2
2

(x2 + 2) + C1

S.G.

x = e
74)ydx

y2
2

[e

y2
2

(x2 + 2) + C1]

+ (2x 6y 4 )dy = 0

x0 + 2 xy = 6y 3

p(y) =

2
y

q(y) = 6y 3

v(y) = e2

u(y) =

6y 3
y 2

dy
y

= y 2

= y 6 + C1

S.G.

x = y 2 [y 6 + C1]
75)y

y
x+y 2

22

x0 =

x
y

+y

x0

x
y

=y

p(x) = y1 q(x) = y

v(y) = e

u(y) =

dy
y

=y

dy = y

x = y(yC1)
ECUACIONES DE RICATTI
2 0
2 2

81)x y + xy + x y = 4
y 0 + xy + y 2 = x42
P (x) = x1 Q(x) = 1
R(x) =
yp = xa
yp0 = xa2
Reemplazo yp en la ecuacion:
a
2
xa2 + xx + xa2 = x42
4
a2
x2 = x2
a=2
yp = x2

4
x2 ;

z + (p + 2Qyp ) z = Qz 2
0

z +

1
2
+ 2(1)
x
x

z = z 2

 
5
z +
z = z 2
x
0

P (x) =

5
x

Q(x) = 1

w = z 1

23

n = 2;

dw
+ (n + 1) P w = (n + 1)Q
dx
dw
5
+ (2 + 1) w = (2 + 1)(1)
dx
x
dw
5
w=1
dx
x

5dx

v(x) = e x
u(x) = dx
x5


5In(x)
v(x) = e
u(x) = x5 dx
v(x) = x5
u(x) = 4x1 4 + c
w = v(x)u(x)
w = x5[ 4x4 +c]
1

z 1 =

z=

x
+ cx5
4

4
x + cx5

y = z + yp

y=
82)3y
0

+ y2 +

2
3x2

2
x2

2
4
+
x + cx5
x

=0

y
3

y +
+
=0
P (x) = x1 Q(x) = 1
R(x) = x42 ;
a
yp = x
yp0 = xa2
0
2
2
83)xy (2x + 1)y + y = x
0
(2x+1)y
y2
y
+ x = x
x
P (x) = 2x+1
Q(x) = x1
R(x) = x;
x
yp = ax
yp0 = a
Reemplazo yp en la ecuacion:
2 2
a (2x+1)ax
+ a xx = x
x
a (2x + 1)a + a2 x = x
24

a 2ax a + a2 x = x
x(a2 2a) = x
(a2 2a + 1) = 0
a=1
yp = x
0

z + (p + 2Qyp ) z = Qz 2
0

z +


2x + 1
1
1
+ 2( )x z = z 2
x
x
x

z +
P (x) =

4x+1
x

4x + 1
x

1
z = z2
x

w = z 1

Q(x) = x1

n = 2;

dw
+ (n + 1) P w = (n + 1)Q
dx
dw
+ (2 + 1)
dx

dw

dx

4x + 1
x

4x + 1
x



1
w = (2 + 1)
x


w=

1
1
(4+ x
)dx
v(x) = e
u(x) = ex4x x dx



dx


u(x) = x2 e4x dx
v(x) = e 4dx+ x
v(x) = e4x+In(x)
u(x) = x + c
v(x) = x1
u(x) = x + c

w = v(x)u(x)
z 1 =

1
(x + c)
x

z 1 = 1 +

z 1 =

z=

c
x

x+c
x

x
x+c
25

 
1
x

y = z + yp
y=

x
+x
x+c

2xy + y 2 = 5 x2
P (x) = 2x Q(x) = 1
R(x) = x2 + 5;
yp = ax + b
yp0 = a
Reemplazo yp en la ecuacion:
2
a 2x (ax + b) + (ax + b) = 5 x2
2
2 2
a 2ax 2xb + a x + 2abx + b2 = 5 x2
x2 (a2 2a) + x (2ab 2b) + b2 + a = 5 x2
a2 2a = 1
a2 2a + 1 = 0
a=1
2
2
b +a=5
b =4
b=2
yp = x + 2
84)y

z + (p + 2Qyp ) z = Qz 2
0

z + (2x + 2(x + 2)) z = z 2

0

z + (2x + 2x + 4) z = z 2
0

z + (4) z = z 2
P (x) = 4 Q(x) = 1

w = z 1

n = 2;

dw
+ (n + 1) P w = (n + 1)Q
dx
dw
+ (2 + 1) 4w = (2 + 1)1
dx
dw
4w = 1
dx

v(x) = e
(4)dx
u(x) = e1
4x dx

dx

4x
4dx+ x
v(x) = e
u(x) = e
dx
4x
v(x) = e4x
u(x) = e 4 + c
w = v(x)u(x)
26

w=e

4x


 4x
e
+c



1
4x
= + ce
4


z 1 =

ce4x 1
4


z=

4
ce4x 1

y = z + yp
4

y=

ce4x

+ x + 2(solucion)

2yex y 2 = e2x + ex
P (x) = 2ex Q(x) = 1
R(x) = e2x + ex ;
x
yp = ae + b
yp0 = aex
Reemplazo yp en la ecuacion:
2
aex 2(aex + b)ex (aex + b) = e2x + ex
x
2x
x
2 2x
ae 2ae
2be a e 2aex b b2 = e2x + ex
e2x 2a a2 + ex (a 2b 2ab) b2 = e2x + ex
2a a2 = 1;
a2 + 2a + 1 = 0
a=1
2
b = 0;
b=0
yp0 = ex
85)y

z + (p + 2Qyp ) z = Qz 2
0

z + (2ex + 2(1)ex ) z = z 2
0

z + (4ex ) z = z 2
P (x) = 4ex

Q(x) = 1

w = z 1

n = 2;

dw
+ (n + 1) P w = (n + 1)Q
dx
27

dw
+ (2 + 1) 4ex w = (2 + 1)1
dx
dw
+ 4ex w = 1
dx

v(x) = e4e

v(x) = e (4e )dx

x


v(x) = e4 e dx+
x

dx
x

1
u(x) = e4e
x dx


x
u(x) = e4e dx
4ex

u(x) = e4ex + c
w = v(x)u(x)

4ex

w=e

 4ex

e
x +c
4e



1
4ex
= x + ce
4e

z 1 =

1 + ce4e
4ex

4ex
z=
1 + ce4ex


y = z + yp

y=


4ex
+ ex
1 + ce4ex

+ y + y2 = 2
P (x) = 1 Q(x) = 1
R(x) = 2;
yp = a
yp0 = 0
Reemplazo yp en la ecuacion:
0 + a + a2 = 2
a + a2 2 = 0
(a + 2) (a 1) = 0
a=1
yp = 1
86)y

28

z + (p + 2Qyp ) z = Qz 2
0

z + (1 + 2(1)1) z = z 2
0

z + (3) z = z 2
P (x) = 3 Q(x) = 1

w = z 1

n = 2;

dw
+ (n + 1) P w = (n + 1)Q
dx
dw
+ (2 + 1) 3w = (2 + 1)(1)
dx
dw
3w = 1
dx

1
v(x) = e
(3)dx
u(x) = e3x
dx

dx


3x
3 dx+ x
u(x) = e
dx
v(x) = e
3x
v(x) = e3x
u(x) = e 3 + c

w = v(x)u(x)

w=e

3x


 3x
e
+c



1
3x
= + ce
3

z 1 =


z=

1 + ce3x
3

3
1 + ce3x

y = z + yp

y=

3
+ 1 (solucion)
1 + ce3x
29

87)

y0 =

y
1
+ y2 ; y = x1
x2
x

y 0 + ( x1 )y y 2 = x12
P (x) = x1 ; Q(x) = 1 ;R(x) = x12
w = uv ,
w = z 1 , y = Y p + z
V (x) = e [p+2QY p]dx
[p + 2QY
p] = x1 + 2(1)( x1 ) = x1
1
V (x) = e [ x ]dx = elnx = x1

1
2
U (x) = 1 dx = x2 c
 2x 
2
+2c
w = x1 x2 c = x 2x
z = w1 = x22x
+2c
2x
y = x1 + x2 +2c
S.G
1

2cos2 xsen2 x+y2

2cosx
2
1
x
2
y
=
cosx 12 sen
2cosx
cosx

88) y 0 =
0

Yp = senx

y
y = yp + z y = senx + z y 0 = cosx + z 0
2
1
x
(cosx + z 0 ) 2cosx
(senx + z)2 = cosx 21 sen
cosx
2
senx
1
1 sen2 x
x
2
cosx + z 0 sen
2cosx cosx z 2cosx z = cosx 2 cosx
0
1
2
z senx
cosx z = 2cosx z
2+1
n = 2, w = z
= z 1
0
1
z tanxz = 2cosx
0
1
z + tanxz = 2cosx
1
p1 (x)= tanx
q1 (x)=
2cosx
w = vu

v = e
tanxdx
= eln(cosx) = cosx
1
1
cosx
u = 2 cosx dx

u = 12 cos12 x dx = 12 sec2x dx
u = 21 tanx + C

w = 12 tanx + C cosx

z 1 = 21 senx + (C)cosx

1
y = senx + 12 tanx + (C)cosx
89)

1
1
y0 + y2 = x2 ; Yp =
4
2x

P (x) = 0, Q(x) = 1,
w = uv , w = z 1 , y = Y p + z
w0 (P + 2QY p) = Q
1
w0 (2(1)( 2x
)) = Q
1
0
w x w
= Q
1
V (x) =
e x dx = x
1
U (x) = x dx = ln(x) + c
w = x(ln(x) + c)
30

1
z = x(ln(x)+c)
1
1
+ x(ln(x)+c)
y = 2x

90)

xy0 = y2 2xy + x2 + 2x y

xy 0 = y 2 2xy + x2 + 2x y x
2
y 0 = yx 2y + x + 2 xy


2
y 0 = yx y 2 + x1 + x + 2
dy
dv
= 1 v12 dx
y = x + v1 dx






2
dv
= x + v1 x1 x + v1 2 + x1 + x + 2
1 v12 dx







dv
v12 dx
= x + v1
x + v1 x1 2 + x1 + x + 1




1 dv
1
1
v2 dx = x + v 1 + vx
2 x1 + x + 1
dv
1
v12 dx
= v21x vx
1 dv
1v
v2 dx = v2 x

dv

dx
1v =
x
ln(1 v) = ln(x) + ln(c)
ln(1 v) = ln( xc )
v = 1 xc
y = x + 11c1
x

91) x2 y0 = x2 y2 + xy + 1 ; yp = x1

x2 y 0 = x2 y 2 + xy + 1 x2
y 0 y 2 xy = x12
p(x) = x1 ; q(x) = 1
y = yp + z y = x1 + z
2
z 0 + (p(x) + 2q(x)y
p (x)) z = q(x)z


1
2
dz
2
2
z
dx + x + x z = z
dz
z 2 dx
+ x1 z 1 = 1
t = z 1 dt = z12 dz
dt
t
dx x = 1
t = u
v
dx
v = e
x
u = dx
x
u = ln(x) + c
t = x (c ln(x))
z 1 = x (c ln(x))
1
z = x(cln(x))
1
y + x1 = x(cln(x))
1
y = x1 + x(c1 ln(x))
2 0
92) x y + (xy 2)2 = 0 ; yp = x1
x2 y 0 + x2 y 2 4xy + 4 = 0 x2

31

4
y 0 + y 2 4y
x = x2
4
p(x) = x ; q(x) = 1
y = yp + z y = x1 + z
2
z 0 + (p(x) + 2q(x)y
p (x)) z = q(x)z


2
4
2
2
0
z
z + x + x z = z
2z 1
2 dz
z dx x = 1
t = z 1 dt = z12 dz
2t
dt
dx + x = 1
t(x) = u(x)
v(x)


2
v(x) = e x dx
v(x) = e2 ln |x|
v(x) = x12


u(x) = dx
1
3

x2

u(x) =x3 + C1 
3
t = x12 x3 + C1
1
= x3 + C
x2
3x2
z = x3 +3C1

1
z

y
y=
y=

3x2
x3 +3C1
1
3x2
x3 +3C1 + x
3
4x +3C1
x4 +3xC1
0
2

1
x

93) y + y = 2x2

y 0 + ay 2 = bxm
m = 2
du
y = ux ; dx
=

dx

x dub+u+au2
x =
2+uu2
ln(x) = 13 (ln(u + 1) ln(2 u)) + c
u+1
3ln(x) = ln(c 2u
)
u+1
3
x = c 2u
xy+1
x3 = c 2xy
y=

2x3 c1
c1 x+x4
0
2

94) 4y + y = 4x2
2

y 0 + y4 = x2
y 0 + ay 2 = bxm
m = 2
du
y = ux ; dx
= b+u+au
2

dx

x
du
=
u2
x
1+u

4
+c
ln(x) = u2
4
ln(x) = xy2
+c
4
xy 2 = ln(x) + c

32

4
xln(x)

y=

c1
x

95) y0 + y2 = 2x4

y = x1 + z
dy
1
dz
dx = x2 + dx
P (x) = 0 ; Q (x) = 1
dz
2
dx + (2x + 2x) z = z
n=2


dz
+ 2x1 z 1 = 1
z 2 dx
m = z 1
1 dy
dm
dx = z 2 dx
dm
1
m=1
dx 2x
p (x) = 2x1
q (x) = 1

1
v (x) = e2 x
v(x) = e2ln|x|
v(x) = x
2
u (x) = x12 dx
u(x) = x1 +
c


m = x1 +c x2


x
1
z = 1+cx
x2
1
y = x1 + x+x
2c
1
,
2
4
96) y + y = x 3

a = 1; b = 1; m = 43
34 =

4k
12k ;
5

v = x 3 =
y=

1
x2 u

k = 1
dv
dx

1
x

1
4

1
8

x 3 u2 x 3
1
8

x3
1
8

v5

5
du
3 x 43 u2 dv

5
du
3 x 43 u2 dv

5 du
3 dv )

5 du
3 dv

5 du
3 dv

2
x3 u

= y , =

y , = x32u
x32u

= 53 x 3

1
x2

1
x4 u 2

1
x2

du
x2 u2 dx

1
x2

2
x3 u

1
x2

1
4

x3

= u2
= u2

33

= x 3

97)y0 + y2 = x4

y = x1 + z
dy
1
dz
dx = x2 + dx
P (x) = 0
Q (x) = 1
R (x) = x4
dz
2
dx + (2x + 2x) z = z
n=2


dz
+ 2x1 z 1 = 1
z 2 dx
m = z 1
1 dy
dm
dx = z 2 dx
dm
1
m=1
dx 2x
p (x) = 2x1
q (x) = 1

1
v (x) = e
2 x = e2ln|x| = x2
u (x) = x12 dx
=
x1 + C1
m = x1 + C1 x2


1
x
z = 1+xC
x2
1
y=

1
x

1
x+x2 C1
2

98) y, y2 = 2x 3

a = 1; b = 2; m = 23
32 =

4k
12k ;

= k = 41
1

v = x(m+1) = x 3
dv
dx

1
3

3x 4

y = [v 2 u +

m+1 1
b v]

y = [v 2 u + 16 v]1
du
dv

b
2
m+1 u

a
= m+1
v m1

du
dv

6u2 = 3vm1

34