2007 SECTION 1X
may be used without further demonstration. Such addi-
tional SWPSs shall be compared to the SWPS that was
used for the demonstration, and the following limitations,
shall not be exceeded:
(a) a change in the welding process.
(b) a change in the P- or S-Number.
(c) a.change from the as-welded condition to the heat=
treated condition. This limitation also applies for SWPSs
that allow use in both conditions (e.g., SWPS B2,1-021
allows production welding with or without heat treatment;
if the demonstration was performed without heat treatment,
production welding with heat teeatment is not permitted).
‘Once heat treatment has been demonstrated for any SWPS,
this limitation no longer applies.
(d) a change from a gas-shielded ftux-cored wire or
solid wire to a self-shielded (lux-cored wire or vice versa,
(e) a change from spray, globular, ot pulsed transfer
mode to short-cireuiting transfer mode or vice-versa,
(P a change in the F-Number of the welding electrode,
() the addition of preheat above ambient temperature,
(h) a change from an SWPS that is identified as for
sheet metal to one that is not and vice versa
QW-530 FORMS
A suggested Form QW-485 for documenting the welding
conditions and test results ofthe demonstration is provided
in Nonmandatory Appendix B.
QW-540- PRODUCTION USE OF SWPSs
As with any WPS, welding that is done following an
SWPS shall be done in strict accordance with the SWPS.
Jn addition, the following conditions apply to the use of
SWPSs:
197
(a) The manufacturer or contractor may not deviate
from the welding conditions specified on the SWPS.
(b) SWPSs may not be supplemented with PORS or
revised in any manner except for reference tothe applicable
Code Section or other fabrication documents as provided
by QW-SIL
(c) Only the welding processes shown on an SWPS
shiall be used in given production join. When a multi-
process SWPS is selected, the processes shown on the
SWPS shall be used in the onder and manner specified on
the SWPS.
(a) SWPSs shall not be used in the same production
Joint together with WPSs qualified by the manufacturer oF
contractor.
(e) The manufacturer or contractor may supplement an
SWPS by attaching additional instructions to provide the
welder with further direction for making production welds
to Code or other requirements. When SWPSs are supple-
mented with instructions that address any condition shown
con the SWPS, such instructions shall be within the limits
of the SWPS. For example, when an SWPS permits use
of several electrode sizes, supplemental instructions may
direct the welder to use only one electrode size out of
those permitted by the SWPS; however, the supplemental
instructions may not permit the welder to use a size other
than one or more of these permitted by the SWPS.
(9 SWPSs may not be used until the demonstration of
QW-510 has been satisfactorily welded, tested, and cer-
tified
(g) The identification number of the Supporting Demon-
stration shall be noted on each SWPS that it supports prior
to using the SWPS.
(i) The certified Supporting Demonstration Record
shall be available for review by Authorized Inspector.21007 SECTION 1X,
PART QB BRAZING
ARTICLE XI
BRAZING GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
QB-100 GENERAL
Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code relates to the qualification of welders, welding opera
tors, brazers, and brazing operators, and the procedures
that they employ in welding and brazing according to the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the ASME
B31 Code for Pressure Piping, It is divided into bwo parts:
Part QW gives requirements for welding and Part QB
contains requirements for brazing,
QB-100.1_ The purpose of the Brazing Procedure Speci-
fication (BPS) and Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
is to determine that the brazement proposed for construe-
tion is capuble of providing the required propertos for its
intended application, [tis presupposed that the brazer or
brazing operator performing the brazing procedure qualifi
cation testis a skilled workman. That is, the brazing proce-
dure qualification test establishes the properties of the
brazement, not the skill of the bruzer or brazing operator.
Briefly, a BPS lists the variables, both essential and nones-
sential, and the acceptable ranges ofthese variables when
using the BPS. The BPS is intended to provide ditection
forthe brazer or brazing operator. The PQR lists what was
used in qualifying the BPS and the test results,
QB-100.2_ In performance qualification, the basic crite-
rion established for brazer qualification isto determine the
bbrazer's ability ( make a sound brazed joint. The purpose
of the performance qualification test for the brazing opern-
(or is to determine the operator's mechanical ability to
‘operate the brazing equipment.
QB-100.3 Brazing Procedure Specifications (BPS)
writen and qualified in accordance with the rules of this
Section, and brazers and operators of automatic and
machine brazing equipment also qualified in accordance
with these rules may be used in any construction built to
the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
198
Code or the ASME B31 Coxe for Pressure Piping.
However, other Sections of the Code stats the conditions
under which Section IX requirements are mandatory, in
whole or in part, and give additional requirements. The
reader is advised to take these provisions into consideration
when using this Section,
Brazing Procedure Specifications, Procedure Qualifica-
tion Records, and Brazer or Brazing Operator Performance
Qualifications made in accordance with the requirements
of the 1962 Edition or any later Edition of Section IX may
be used in any construction built to the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code or the ASME B31 Code for Pressure
Piping,
Brazing Procedure Specifications, Procedure Qualifica-
tion Records, and Brazer or Brazing Operator Performance
‘Qualifications made in accordance with the requirements
of the Editions of Section IX prior to 1962, in which all
of the requirements of the 1962. Eulition or later Edit
‘are met, may also be used.
Brazing Procedure Specifications and Brazer/Brazing
Operator Performance Qualification Records meeting the
above requirements do not need to be amended to include
any variables required by later Editions and Addenda
Qualification of new Brazing Procedure Specifications
or Brazers/Brazing Operators and requalification of
existing Brazing Procedure Specifications or
Brazers/Brazing Operators shall be in accordance with the
‘current Edition (see Foreword) and Addenda of Section IX.
QB-10L Scope
‘The rules in this Section apply to the preparation of
Brazing Procedure Specifications, and the qualification of
brazing procedures, brazers, and brazing operators for all
types of manual and machine brazing processes permitted
in this Section, These rules may also be applied, insofar2007 SECTION 1X
as they ate applicable, to other manual or machine brazing
processes, permitted in other Sections.
QB-102
Som of the more common terms relating to brazing are
defined in QW/QB-492. These are in substantial agreement
with the definitions of the American Welding Society given
in its document, A3.0-89, Standard Welding Terms and
Definitions.
Wherever the word pipe is designated, tubes shall also
be applicable.
‘Terms and Definitions
QB-103 Responsibility
QB-103,1 Brazing. Each manufacturer! or contractor!
is responsible for the brazing done by his organization,
and shall conduct the tests required inthis Section to qualify
the brazing procedures he uses in the construction of the
brazed assemblies built under this Code and the perform-
ance of brazers and brazing operators who apply these
procedures,
QB-103.2 Records, Each manufacturer or contractor
shall maintain a record of the results obtained in brezing
procedure and brazer or brazing operator performance qual-
ifications. These records shall be certified by a signature
or other means as described in the manufactorer’s or con-
‘actor's Quality Control System and shall be accessible
fo the Authorized Inspector. Refer to recommended Forms
in Noumandatory Appendix B.
QB-110 BRAZE ORIENTATION
The orientations of brazes with respect to planes of
reference are classified in accordance with figure QB-461.1
into four positions” (A, B, C, and D in column 1), based
on the basic flow of brazing filler metal through joints
‘These positions are flat flow, vertical downflow, vertical
uupflow, and horizontal flow.
‘The maximum permitted angular deviation from the
specified flow plane is +45 deg.
8-120 TEST POSITIONS FOR LAP, BUTT,
SCARF, OR RABBET JOINTS
Brazed joints may be made in test coupons oriented in
any of the positions in figure QB-461.2 and as desctibed
in the following paragraphs, except tat angular deviation
fom the specified horizontal and vertical flow planes in
Wherever these words are used in Section IX, they shall intade
ingaller or asember
"tn the fllowing paragraphs tho woed position i synonymous with
Pose postion
199
accordance with column 1 of figure QB-461.2 is permitted
during brazing,
QB121 —Flat-Flow Position
‘The test coupon joints in position suitable for applying.
brazing filler metal in rod, strip, or other suitable form
tunder the flat-flow conditions are shown in illustrations (1)
through (5) of Line A in figure QB-461,2, The maximum,
permitted angular deviation from the specified fow plane
is 15 deg.
QU-122__Vertical-Downflow Position
‘The test coupon joints in a position suitable for applying
brazing filler metal in rod, strip, or other suitable form
under the vertical-downflow conditions are shown in illus-
trations (1) through (4) of Line B in figure QB-461,2. The
brazing filler metal flows by capillary action with the aid of
gravity downward into the joint. The maximum permitted
angular deviation from the specified flow plane is «15 deg,
QB-123
‘The test coupon joints in position suitable for applying
brazing filler metal in rod, strip, or other suitable form
under the vertical-upflow conditions are shown in illustra-
tions (1) through (4) of Line € in figure QB-461.2. The
brazing filler metal flows by capillary action through the
Joint. The maximum permitted angular deviation from the
specified flow plane is 15 deg.
‘Vertical-Upflow Pos
QB-124—_Horizontal-Fiow Position
‘The test coupon joints in a position suitable for applying
brazing filler metal in rod, strip, or other suitable form
under the horizontal-flow conditions are shown in illustra-
tions (1) and (2) of Line D of figure QB-461.2. The brazing
filler metal flows horizontally by capillary action through
the joint. The maximum permitted angular deviation froma
the specified flow plane is #15 dog.
QB-140 TYPES AND PURPOSES OF TESTS
AND EXAMINATIONS
QB-141 Tests
Tests used in brazing procedure and performance quali-
fications are specified in QB-141.1 through QB-141.6,
QB-141.1 Tension Tests. Tension tests, as described
in QB-150, are used (0 determine the ultimate strength of,
brazed butt, scatf, lap, and rabbet joints.
QB-141.2 Guided-Bend Tests. Guided-bend tests, as
described in QB-160, are used to determine the degree of